(Hij? i.f. l^iUliitbrarg Norttf CUaroUna S-tate CfloUpg? fD5 105:389 This book must not be taken from the Library building. GENERAL HISTORY DICHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS, COMPRISING COMPLETE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS; TOGETHER WITH THE CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES; THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY; THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS, AND PRECEDED BY INTRODUCTIONS TO THE LINNvEAN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED: THE WHOLE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM. BY GEORGE DON, F.L.S. IN FOUR VOLUMES. Vol. IV.— COROLLIFLOR^. LONDON: PlilNTED FOU J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON ; J. AND W. T. CLARKE; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL ; J. RICHARDSON ; JliFFERV AND SON; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK ; J. BOOKER; J. BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON ; S. BAGSTER ; SHERWOOD AND CO.; HARDING AND LEPARD ; J. F. SETCHEL ; WHITTAKER AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON. MDCCCXXXVIII. LONDON : GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS ST. John's square. INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME, COMPRISING THF. SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYMES. In this Index the systematic names used, and the English names in common use, are in Roman letters; the synonymes in Italics; the names of Classes, Sub-classes and Orders in large capitals ; and the names of Sub -orders and Tribes in small capitals. Acerates, 143 Achetaria, 536 Achras, 33 Achras, 29, 30. XWX< Achyrospermum, fiijfi, y.'iV Aciiios, 782 Acnistus, 4GI Acokanthera, 485, 4fi(i Acopa, 1C7 Acosta, 37 Acrocephaius, i'llZt Acynos, 768 Adenosma, 53!l Adenum, 80 Aderno-tree, Hi jEgiceras, 8 iCoiCERE.E, 7 jEginetia, 635 .5;gochloa, 246 yEolIanthus, 685 /Ethiopis, 722. 72!) jEschynanthus, 656, 657 Afzelia, 558 Agalmyla, 657 Aganosma, 77 Agassizia, 532 Agathotes, 177- 178 Ageratum, 596 Ahouai, 97 Aikinia, 665 Ajuga, 870-873 Ajuga, 822. 836. 863 Ajl'goide;e, 860 Alafia, 105 Aldea, 396 Alectoroloplms, 612. 618, 619. 624 Alectra, 635 Alkekengi, 449 Alkekengi, 448, 449- 457 Allamanda, 102, 103 ALLAM.1NDIE.E, 102 Alloplectus. 654, 655 Alonsoa, 513 Alapecuros, 823 Alstonia, 86, 87 Alstonia, 1 ALSTONIE.E, 86 Alyxia, 96, 97 Alvxie.1, 96 Amaracus, 764 Amara, 409 Ambellania, 102 Amblatum, 635 Amblatum. 633, 634 Ambleia, 832 Amethystea, 860-861 Amphicome, 665 Amphilophium, 226 Amsinckia, 373, 374 Adenema, 201 Anabata, 166 Anagalloides, 551 Ananlherix, 145 Anarrhinum, 531, 532 Artasser, 166 Aiiassera, 165 Anchusa, 339-343 Anchusa, 309. 314. 324-327- 336-338. 345, 346, 348, 349. 351. 359 ANCHUSE.E, 339 Andersoitia, 16f; Andrewsia, 184 Androcera, 438 Angelonia, 609 Angelonia, 609 Anguillarta, 12, 13. 17-19 Aniseia, 295 Anisochilus, 685 Anisodus, 457 Anisomeles, 821, 822 Atiisomeles, 836 Anonymos, 87. 169. 171- 303. 326 Anoplon, 633, 634 ANTHOCERCE.E, 478 Anthocercis, 478 Anthocleista, 68 Anthyllis, 300 Antikrhine-e, 514 Antirrhinum, 514-517 Antirrhinum, 517-532. 534. 548. 555 Antonia, 664 Antura, 104 Aphyllon, 628 Aphanochilus, 713, 714 APOCYNE^E. 69 Apocynum, 80-82 Apocynum, 72, 73. 78. 80. 83. 85. 127. 143. 154. 156. 158. 162 Apple of Sodom, 433 Aquariia, 425 Arapabaca, 170 Aragoa, 237 ARAGOACEjE, 236 Araujia, 148, 149 Archangel, 817-819 Arckimenes, 550. 645. 653 Ardisia, 13-20. 23 Ardisia,9, 10. 13. 21 Ardisiacees, 7 Ardisie^e, 8 Arduina, 104 Argania, 27, 28 Arghel, 154 Arguzia, 369 Argylia, 229 Argyreia, 254-257 Argyreia, 253, 254. 263 Argyreia;, 253 Arnebia, 322 Artenema, 549, 550 Asarina, 515. 638 ASCLEPIADE^, 106 Asclepias, 139-142 Asclepias, 81. 124-127. 129- 133.135-138. 143-147.149. 151-157- 160, 161 AsclepiejE, 139 Ash, 53-56 Ash, Common, 53, 54 Ash, Flowering, 56, 57 Ash, Manna, 56, 57 Asperugo, 357 ^sperugo, 337. 341 Aspidosperma, 103 Astephanus, 158 Asterias, 184 Astianthus, 228 Athrurophyllum, 10 Atropa, 455-457 Atropa, 418. 451, 452. 455. 457. 461. 479 Aubergene, 432 Audibertia, 757 Audibertia, 720 Azima, 105 B. Bacula, 34 Badula, 12 Bceobotrys, 22 Balfouria, 84 Ballota, 843, 844 Ballota, 702, 703. 821. 822. 846 A 2 Balm, 780-784 Balm, Basil, 782 Balm, Common, 783 Balm, Field, 781 Balm of Gilead, 815 Balm, Mountain, 781 Barthesia, 12 Bartonia, 184 Bartsia, 612 Bartsia, 561. 581. 613-615 Bastard Balm, 815 Basil, 670-674 Basil, Least, 670, 671 Basil, Sweet, 67O 674 Basil, Wild, 782, 783 Basilicum, 670. 672 Bassia, 35, 36 Bassovia, 417 Bastard Jasmine, 481-485 Batata, 400 Batatas, 260-262 Batschia, 325, 326. 372 Bean-trefoil, 167 Beaumontia, 77 Becabunga, 576 Beech Drops, 634 Bell Pepper, 446 Belladonna, 456, 457 Belladonna, 456. 461 Bellardia, 612 Bellinia, 451, 452 Belostemma, 130 Benzoin, 6 Bergamint, 718 Beringeria, 843, 844 Besleria, 651, 652 Besleria, 533. 653 656. 661 Besleriej;, 651 Bessera, 319 Betonica, 804. 823, 824. 831- 833 Betony, 823, 821 Beurreria, 389, 390 Beyrichia, 535 Bignonia, 216-222 Bigmmia. 87. 222-226. 228- 231. 657 BIGNONIACE.*:, 214 Bignonits, 214 Bigsonie.e, 216 Bindweed, 283-294 Bindweed, Common, 296 Bird Pepper, 447 Bitter-Sweet, 409 Blacksloniu, 198 Blackwellia, 214 Bladder-Nut, African, 42 Bladhia, \^ Blattaria, 496 Blephilia, 759, 760 Blinkworthia, 257 Boea, 608 Bcea, 608 Bog-bean, 167 Bolivaria, 58 Bonamia, 300 Bonarota, 58t> Bonnaya, 537, 53« Bonnaya, 549, 550 Bonplandia, 247 Borage, 309 B0R.\GE.€, 309 BORAGINE.E, 306 Boraginoides, 309. 31 1 Borago, 309 Borugo, 309. 31 1 Borckhaitsenia, 616 Boschniakia, 634 Bothriospermum, 348 Boucerosia, 123 Bovea, 539 Box-Thorn, 457-461 Brachycoris, 539 Brachylepis, 161 Brachystelma, 124, 125 Brachystemum, 763 Bramia, 546 Bramia, 546 Breweria, 299, 300 Brook-lime, 576 Broom-Rape, 628-631 Brotera, 703 Browallia, 477, 478 Browallia, 582 Brunella, 790 Brunfelsia, 476 Brugmansia, 474, 475 Buchnera, 583-585 Buchnera, 582, 583. 585. 588, 589. 591, 592. 645 BIICHNERE.E, 582 Buck-bean, I67. 168 Buddlea, 596 601 Biiddlea, 6^7 BUDDLlEiE, 596 Bugle, 870-873 Bugle, Common. 871 Bughsoides, 321, 324 105389 IV INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. Bugloss, 338-343 BUGLOSSE^, 339 Buglossmn, 338, 339. 340. 342. 368 Bugula, 791. 870-873 Bullv-tree. 33 Bum'elia, 29-31 Biniieiia, 11. 14. Bungea, 613 Burgsdorffia, 840 Bystropogon, 761, 762 Bysiropogon, 702, 703. 710. 780 C. Caballeria, 10, 11 Caconapea, 547 Cahan Lagueii, 204 Caimito, 33 Cainito, 31 Calabash-tree, 232 Calamintha, 771. 779 782. 784. 809 Calamint, 784 Calampelis, 231, 232 Calabura, 3.83 Calathian Violet, 193-195 Calhoa, 259 Calceolaria, 602-608 Calceolaria, 608 C'ALCEOL.'lRIE.E, 601 Caldasia, 247 Callopisma, 197 Calonyction, 263, 264 Calorhabdos, 580 Calosacme, 659, GCO Calosanthes, 229 Calotropis, 146, 147 Calpicarpum, 100 Calves-snout, 516 Culycabolos, 299 CutydermoSf 457 Calystegia, 296, 297 Calystegia, 295. 297 Calytriplex, 545 Cameraria, 92 Cameraria, 80. 86 Caviettia, 82 Campanistnim, 827 Campsis, 230 Campuleia, 583 Canala, 372 Caniram, 65 Catmychum, 124 Canopholis, 634 Canscora, 198, 199 Cantua, 248, 249 Cantua, 244-248. 486 Capparis, 104 Capraria, 642 Capraria, 543. 545. 548. 551. 616,617. 642 Capsicum, 444-447 Caralluma, 122, 123 Caralluma, 123 Carandas, 104 Caeandieje, 103 Caranga, 544 Cardiaca, 819-821. 830 Cargillia, 43 Carissa, 104, 105 Carissa, 78 Carmona, 391 Carpodinus, 101 Cartoffei, 400 Caruncularia, 122 Cassida, 791. 793. 795. 797 Castilleja, 614-616 Catalpa, 230 Ca/an«, 806, 807. 810 Catharamlius, 95 Cat-mint, 803-811 Cat-mint, Common, 807 Cat Thyme, 867 Cavanillea, 40, 41 Celsia, 498, 499 Celsia, 513 Centaurella, 183, 184 Ceutuurium, 199. 204 Centaury, 204 Centranthera, 562 Centronia, 663 Ceratithera, 789 Ccranthus, 52 Cerbera, 97 Cerbera, 98, 99, 100 Cercocoma, 83 Cerdava, 381 Cedronella, 815, 816 Cerinthe, 320, 321 Cerinthe, 314. 316 Cerinthoides, 317 Ceropegia, 109-112 Ceropegia, 153. 158 CestrinevE, 480. 486 Oestrum, 480-485 Cestrum, 461. 485, 486 Cheetoslachys, 710 Chailurus, 821 Chaixia, 498 Chamepclema, 809 CImmadrys, 867, 868 Chamtcpi'thys, 873 Chasmonia, 856 Cheilyctis, 759 Cheiranthus, 590 CHELONE;E, 636 Chelone, 640, 641 Chcloiie, 6.36-640. 664 Chenostoma, 589-591 Cherry-pepper, 446 Chilli-pepper, 444-447 Chilocarpus, 101 Chilodia, 798 Chilopsis, 228 Chionanthus, 50 Cftlonanllius, 50. 52, 53 Chirata, 659, 600 C/urata, 178 Chirayta, 178 Chirita, 657 Chironia, 202, 203 Chironia, 199. 203-207. 212, 213 Chironix, 202 Chlora, 198 Chlora, 207 Chondrospermum, 50 Chonemorpha, 76 Choripetalum, 21 Chotekia, 713 Chrysophyllum, 31, 32 ChrtisophyUum, 10, 11. 28-31 Cladostyles, 302 Clandcslinay 634 Clary, 728-730 Clary, Common, 728 Clary, Green -topped, 727 Clary, Purple-topped, 727 Clary, Red-topped, 727 Clavija, 25 Clearing Nut, 65 Clethra, 5 Cterodendrum, 863 Clhmpodiiim, 612 686. 696. 762. 782-784. 845. 849 Clown's Ail-Heal, 827 Cimhmlis, 193 Ciponima, 2 Cistanthe, 633 Cobffia, 236 COBEACE^, 236 Codon, 251, 252 Codonanthus, 166 Cudoiiophora, 650 Coilantha, 184- 18G Coleus, 682-685 Coleus, 678 Coldenia, 365 Colebrookia, 715 CoUinsia, 555, 556 Collinsonia 773, 774 Collomia, 246, 247 Colly r is, 133-135 Colquhounia, 857 Colsmannia, 313 Columellia, 58 COLUMELLIE^E, 57 Columnea,-6.'j2, 653 Columnea, 541-543. 550. 645. Comfrey, 312, 313 Conchophyllum, 134, 135 Conobea, 535. 552 Conobea, 541. 555 Cononiorpha, 8 Conopharyngia, 94, 95 Coiiostylus, 8 Conradia, 650, 651 Conrudia, 560 Conradie;e, 650 CONVOLVULACE*, 252 CONVOLVULE^, 258 Comolvuloides, 262, 263 Convolvulus, 283-294 Convolvulus, 253-283. 295- 303. 30G Ccrdia, 375-387 Cordia, 371. 387, 388. 390, 391 Carims, 379 COROLLjEFLORvE, 1 Cortesia, 390, 391 Coryanthus, 759 Corynocarpus, 23 Cosmostigma, 132 Couma, 102 Coutoubea, 201 CoutoubEjE, 200 Cow-wheat, 626, 627 Crabowskia, 480 Crafurdia, 200 Craniolaria, 235 Craiiiolaria, 650 Craniospermuni, 327 Craniotome, 836 Crattcogonu-m, 626 Crescentia, 232 Crescentia, 233 Crescentie.^, 232 Cressa, 300 Crista gain, 618, 619 Cryphia, 798 Cryptostegia, 164 Cryptostomum, 37 Crytolepis, 82 Cudicia, 80 Cujete, 232 Cullumia, 207 j Cunila, 774, 775 Cunila, 775, 776. 779- 786. 801 Cuscuta, 303-305 j CuscuTE.ii, 303 I Curania, 544 Curare, 66 Curtitt, 202 Cyatltospermuvi, 67 Cybanthera, 540 Cybianthus, 8, 9 ) Cymaria, 873, 874 Cymbalaria, 518-520 Cymbaria, 627 Cymbarie^e, 627 Cychnium, 586 Cyclostegia, 714 Cynanchum, 150-155 Cynanclmm, 124. 130-132. 137, 138. 148,149. 156-159. 162 Cynoctonum, 97. 171 Cynoglosse*, 348 Cynoglossoides, 309. 311 Cynoglossum, 352. 357 Cynoglossum, 310, 311. 347- 349.351, 352 Cyrilla, 543. 645 Cyrtandra, 660-662 Cyriandra, 657. 663 CVRTANDRACEiE, 656 Cyrtandracere, 643 Cyrtandre^, 660 Cyrtophyllum, 66 D. Da:inia, 156 Dalbergaria, 655 Dalea, 478 Uartus, 486 Dasy Stephana, 186, 187. 194 Date Plum, 38-41 Date Plum, Virginian, 39 Datura, 472-474 Datura, 475 DATUREiE, 472 Dead Nettle, 819 Deadly Nightshade, Common, 456, 457 Deadly Nightshade, 455-457 Decalepis, 162 Deianira, 197 Delostoma, 228 Dentaria, 634 Dentidia, 682 Demidofia, 303 Desfontainia, 213, 214 DESFONTAINIE.E, 213 Dethardingia, 299 Diapensia, 239 Diderota, 99 Didymocarpe;e, 658 Didymocarpus, 658, 659 Didymocarpus, 658-660 Dicaryimi, 67 Dicerandra, 789 Diceros, 546, 547 Diceros, 550 Dichondra, 302, 303 Dichondre.'e, 302 Dichroma, 665 DicJidanthera, 42, 43 Diclamnus, 764 Digitalis, 504-506 Digitalis, 506, 507. 563. 640 Ditietus, 298 Diospyros, 38-41 Diospyros, 41, 42 Diplanthera, 617 Diplolepis, 149 Diplonema, 42 Diplophyllum, 579 Disandra, 641, 642 Dischidia, 133, 134 Dischidia, 135 Dissolena, 99 Dittany of Amorgos, 764 Dittany of Crete, 764 Ditassa, 155, 156 Dodartia, 542 Dodartia, 532 • Dodder, 303-306 Dodder, Great, 303 373 345. Dodder, Lesser, 303 Dogs' Bane, 81 Dombeya, 231 Dopatrium, 536 Dorycmum, 285, 286 Dragon's Head, 811-815' Dracocephalum, 811-815 Dracocephalmi, 808, 809. 81.i 816. 835 Drymonia, 653 Duboisia, 479 Dufourea, 299 Duhamelia, 1 1 Dulcamara, 409 Dunalia, 486 Duperreya, 298 Duvalia, 121, 122 Dydymocarpete, 643 Dysophylla, 712, 713 E. EBENACE^, 37 Ebenus, 41 Ebeno:iylon, 43 Ebony, 38-41. 43 Eccremocarpus, 231 Eccremocarpus, 332 Echinospermum, 348-351 Echiochilon, 335, 336 Echioides, 336-338. 343. 348 Echites, 72-75 Eckites, 70-80. 82-86. 104. 161 EcHITIEiE, 72 Echium, 327-335 Echium, 326 Egg-Plant, 432-434 Ehretia, 388, 389 Ehretia, 254. 371. 389- 480 Ehretiace^, 387 Elatine, 518-520 Elephas, 619 EUisia, 394 Ellobum, 549 Elsholtzia, 713, 714 Elslwltzia, 674. 681. 711. Embelia, 20, 21 Embryopteris, 41 Emericia, 79 Emmenantlie, 397 Eiidotriche, 186 Etidraclnum, 257, 258 Enicostema, 200 Empedoclea, 837 Enslenia, 143 Eusleida, 141 Epifagus, 634 Epiphegus, 634 Episcia, 655, 656 Epithema, 665 Erimitalia, 392 EremitaliejE, 392 Eremostachys, 855 Eresia, 26 Erianthera, 817 Ericala, 188. 193 Ericoila, 188 Erinus, 596 Eriims, 541. 584. 586. 592. 596 Eriope, 707, 708 Eriopetalum, 123 Eriophyton, 855 Eriostovmm, 825 EripUia, 651 Ervsibe, 392 Erythrasa, 203-206 INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. Er,,thra-a, 1!)7. 211 F.scobedia, 5C1 Eslerhaxia, SCO Esterbazyn, bb^ Euchroma, G15, C16 Eudoxia, 202 Euosina, 105 Euphrasia, 609-61 1 Eujihrusia, 558. 582. 611, 612 EuPHR.tSIE^, 609 Euphorbia, 15G Euploca, 365 Euryl!i.ilia, 186- 108 Eustegia. 158 Eusioma, 210, 211 Evolvuhis, 300-302 Eutoca, .395 Evolvulus, 266. 283 EXACIF.E, 21 1 Exacom, 212, 213 Exacum, IG5. 196-200, 201, 202. 204. 20G. 211-213 Exarrhena, 348 Exogonium, 2(i'4 Exogoiiiitm, 258 Exolliostemon, 82 Eyebriglit, 609-612 Fabiana, 487 Fabrkia, 708 Fagifea, 68, 69 Fagraa, 102 Falkia, 303 Felwort, 175, 17G Fenzlia, 244 Ferdinandusa, 227 Ferreola, 43 Fever-Plant, 671 Fieldia, 663 Figwort, 507-513 Finlaysonia, 102, 163 Fischeria, 125 Flax-Weed, 524 Flemingia, 199 Fontanesia, 51 Forget me not, 344 Forsferonia, 79 Forsythia, 51 Foxglove, 504-506 Foxglove, Common, 5f Franciscea, 476, 477 FRANCISCE.E, 47G Frasera, 179 Fraxiniex, 53 Fraxinus, 53-5G Frauiniis, 56, 57 Fredericia, 227 Frevlinia, 617 Fringe Tree, 50 Gaertnera, 166 Gatarips, 103 Gateobdoton, 818-819 Galeopsis, 822, 823 Galeopsis, 67«. 826 831 Galimcta Wood, 29 Galvesia, 532 Gardneria, 66, 67 Gardoquia, 784-786 Gardoquia, 477 Gastromeria, 5(i2 GELSEMIE.E, 87 Gelsemium, 87 Gelseminnm, 87 Geniosporum, 674, 675 Geniosporuvi, 783 Geniostonia, 165 Gentian, 180-183 Gentian-root, 184 Gentian, Yellow, 184 Gentiana, 180-183 Gentiana, 175. 178-206. 211- 213 GENTIANE^, 173 Gentianella, 179 Gentiaiiella, 190 Gentianie.e, 175 Geochorda, 581 Gerardia, 556 Gerardia, 477. 557, 558. 560- 562. 585 Gerardii!.e, 556 Gerascanthus, 380 Germander, 862-870 Germander, Common, Germander, Water, 866 Germanea, 677, C78, 679. 682. Gesneria, 645-648 Gesneria, 645. 650, 651. G54 GESNERIACE*, 643 Gilia, 244, 245 Gilia, 246 Ghchoma, 806. 809, 810. 829, 830 Glechon, 787, 788 Glossanthus, 664 Glossanlhiis, 665 Glossostylis, 561 Gloxinia, 648, 649 Gloxinie.e, 645 Ghjcipicros, 409 Glyphospermum, 195 Goatweed, 642 Gomara, 618 Gomphocarpus, 143, 144 Gomphocarpus, 143. 145. 149 Gomphostenima, 857, 858 Goniostemma, 160, 161 GONOLOBE*, 136 Goiiolobium, 137 Gonolobus, 136-138 Gonolobtts, 15,3 Gonostemon, 117 Gotho/reda, 147 Gramviica, 304 Gratiola, 534, 5.35 Gruiiula, 536-538. 542-545 547-549. 551. 665 GRATIOLE.E, 534 Great Goosegrass, 357 Greek Valerian, 238, 239 Gromnell, 321-325 Ground Ivy, 809, 810 Ground Ivy, Common, 809 810 Ground Pine, 872, 873 Ground Pine, Common, 873 Guinea Pepper, 445 Gumteolis, 563 Gurua, 163 Gvmnandra, 581 Gymnantliera, 164 Gymnema, 135, 136 Gymiiema, 124. 129 Gynopogon, 96 H. Hffimadictyon, «3 Halenia, I76, 177 Halesia, 6, 7 H.'iLESlACEjE, 6 Hag Taper, 489 Halgania, 365 Halleria, 617 Hallerie.e, 6I7 Hancornia, 102 Harrisoiiia, 134 Hasfmaia, 856, 857 Hasseltia, 86 Hebe, 570 Hebcrdcnia, 19 Hebenaster, 40 Hedeoma, 775, 776 Hedeoma, 768. 776 Hedge Hyssop, 534, 535 Hedge Nettle, 824. 826-835 Hediunda, 483 Hedyotls, 537 Helia, 202 Heliotrope, 357-364 HELIOTROPE.E, 357 Heliotropium, 357-364 Heliotropium, 364. 369. 396. 762 Hemiandra, 800, 801 Hemianthus, 538 Hemidesmus, 161 Hemigenia, 801 Hemimeris, 008 Hemimeris, 513 Hemiphragma, 555 Ilemistoma, 846 Hemitomus, 513 Hemp-Nettle, 822, 823 Henbane, 471, 472 Henbane, Common, 471 Henbit, Great, 818 Henclwlia, 537. 550 Herpestis, 544-.'>40 Herpeslis, 536. 541. 545, 546. 550. 582 Hesiodia, 840 Heterantha, 551 Heterostemma, 132 Hevlygia, 79 Hippion, 198 Hippion, 179, 180. 182, 183. 186-192 Hippoceniauria, 205 Hippocentaurium, 204 Hoitzia, 240-248 Holarrhena, 78 Holmskioldia, 856 Holmshioldia, 857 liolorcgvun, 235 Holostemma, 149 Homolostyles, 130 Honeywort, 320, 321 Hopea, 2. 199 Horehound, 841-843 Horehound, Stinking, 843, 844 Horminum, 7Cl Hormwum, 722. 727-729. 733. 749. 754-756. 836 Hornemannla, 542. 548 Horse-weed, 773 Hoslundia, 677 Hostea, 139 Hotlonia, 543 Hound's Tongue, 352-357 Hound's Tongue, Common, 355 Hova, 125-128 Ho'ya, 128 130. 1.32-134 H0YACE.E, 125 Huernia, 112, 113 Hugelia, 243 Humbertia, 257. 258 Hunteria, 105 Hutchinia, 123 Hybanthera, 159 Hydranthelium, 552 Hydrolea, 249, 250 Hydrolea, 250, 251 Hvdrolia, 250 HVDROLlACEyE, 249 Hvdrophyllum, 393,394 Hydrophyllum, 394. 396 HYDROPHYLLE^, 393 Ilydrvpityon, 543 Hydrotriche, 538 Jiydrofrida, 545 Hymenocrater, 856 Hyobanche, 635 Hyocyamus, 471, 472 Hyocyamus, 470 Hypocyrta, 652 Hyptis, 686-707 Ilyplis, 714. 734 Hyssop, 773 Hyssopus, 773 Ilyssopus, 680. 714. 802, 803 leacorea, 13. 19, 20 Ichnocarpus, 78 Ignatia, 65 Ignatiana, 65 hmbricaria, 35 Incarvillea, 230 Jncarvillea, 216. 225. 656, 657. 665 Indian Hemp, 81 Indian Pink, 171 Indigo, Sumatra, 131 Inocarpus, 34 Ipecacuanha, Bastard, 140 [phisia, 144 Ipomcea, 265-283 Ipmmca, 253-265. 295. 297 Ipomopsis, 244, 245 Irlbachia, 210 Ironwood, 28, 29 Ironwort, 837-840 Isanthera, 499, 500 Isanthus, 715 Isaura, HI Isodon, 681 Isonema, 78 Isoplexis, 506, 507 Ijcora, 481 J. Jaborosa, 461, 462 Jacaranda, 225, 226 Jacarnnda, 219-221 Jacob's Ladder, 238 Jacqueniontia, 283 Jacquinia, 24, 25 Jalap, 271, 272 Jalapa, 271 Jasmine, 59-64 Jasmine, Carolina, 87 Jasmine, Common, 63 Jasminum, 59-64 Jasminum, 481 JASMINEACE^, 58 Jasmine it, 58 ./asmitiioides, 457- 484, 485 Jerusalem Sage, 852 Jessamine, Carolina, 87 Jews' Apple, 432 Josephinia. 235 Joveliana, 608 JuavuUoa, 476 Jutigia, 722 Justicia, 657 Kanahia, 149 Keithia, 788, 789 Kibatalia, 86 Klugia, 653, 654 Koellia, 763 Kopsia, 100 Kopsia, 631 KorsiE*, 100 Kuhlia, 663 Labatia, 36, 37 Labatia, 37 LABIATE, 665 Labordia, 166 Lachnostoma, 148 Lactaria, 100 Lafuentea, 616 Lagochilus, 819, 820 Lagopsis, 841 Lagotis, 581 Lamarkia, 487 Lamium, 816-819 Lamittni, 816 Lamourouxia, 613, 614 Landolphia, 102 Lantana, 383. 601 Lalhreea, 634 Lathrcea, 033. 635 Lasiocorys, 845 Lasiostoma, 66 Laureria, 487 Laurus, 6 Lavandula, 708 710 Lavandula, 685 803 Lavender, 708-7 10 Lavender, French, 709 • Lavender, True, 709 Lehmannia, 467 Leiphaimos, 200 Leonia, 26 Leoiiia, 722 Leonotis, 850 LeonHrus, 820, 821 Leoiiurus, 841, 849,850 Lepechinia, 836 Lepistemon, 265 Leposma, 163, 164 Leptadenia, 124 Leptandra, 579 Leptocallis, 260 Leptosiphon, 243, 244 Leptostemma, 134 Lesser Centaury, 204-2U0 Lettsomia, 253-257 Leucas, 845-850 Leticas, 845 Leucocarpus, 554 Leuconotis, 105 Leucosceptnim, 862 Leucophyllum, 534 Leucospora, 642 Lignum Colubriniim, 65, 66 Ligustrum, 44, 45 Ligustrum, 50 Lilac, 51 Lilac, 51 Litacetc, 43 Lilaceum, 51 Lindenbergia, 539 Limnanthemum, 168 Limnophila, 542, 543 Limosella, 552 Limosella, 536 Linanthus, 243 Linaria, 517-531 Linaria, 532. 534 Lindernia, 551 Lindernia, 542. 544, 54.1 Linkla, 213 Linociera, 52, 53 VI INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. Lion's Ear, 850 LisiANTHE.i;, 207 Lisianthus, 207 209 Lisiavthus, 87. 1!)7. 201, 202 210,211 Liia, 199, 200 Lithospermum, 321-32.') LilJwipcrmmn. 317 319 ^•^C,. 358. 360. 363. 365. 373 I.ITHOSrERME;*;, 321 Lobelia, 596 Lobostcmon, 338 Lodh, 3 Lodhia, 3 Loeselia, 247, 248 Logania, 164, 165 LOGANIACE/E, 164 Loganieo', 164 Lonchostoma, 306 Lonicera, 171 Lophanthus, 802, 803 J.oplmnllms, 803 Lophospennum, 53.3 Lophosperviuvi, 562 Lotos, European, 38 Lousewort, 619 620 Love Apple, 443, 444 Loxonia, 66.3 Loxopbyllum, 547 LoxoTiE.E, 664 Loxotis, 664 Luban, 6 Lucuma, 33, 34 Litiniiitzera, 672- 674-G76. 681. 756 Lungwort, 317, 318 Lutroltvlis, 391 Lychnidea. 24G 592 Lyciuni, 457-461 Lyciiim, 104. 461. 480 Lycopersicum, 443, 444 Lycopersicum. 400 411 Lycopsis, 338, 339 Lycopsis, 336 339. 341. 343 Lycopus, 720-722 Lycopus, 775 ^ Lyncea, 562 Lyonsia, 80 Lyperia, 591-,'i93 Lysionotis, 657 M. Maba, 43 Macbridea, 816 Macrantliera, 560 iMacronieria, 326 Macroscepis, 148 Macrostema, 259 Mad Apple, 432 Madwort, Gcrni:\n, 357 MjESE/E, 21 Ma-sa, 21, 22 Majana, 712 Mala, 411,432 Mamniee-Sapola, 33, .34 Mamniee-Sapota, Common,. 33. Mandrake, 454, 455 Mandragora, 454, 455 Mangaiho, 102 Manghas, 98 MmgliUn, 10 12 Manulea, 593 !J9fi Mamdea, 557. 587 0%^ Maripa, 254 Marjoram, 764-7'i(< Marjoram, Bastard, 765 Marjoram, Pot, 766, 767 Marjoram Sweet or Knotted, 766 Marjoram, Wild, 7G5 Marjoram, Winter Sweet, 76^ Marjorana, 766, 767 Murkea, 487 Marmoritis, 811 Marsdenia, 130-132 Marsh-trefoil, 167 Marsypianthus, 686 Marrubiastram, 837- 840. 844 Marrubium, 840-843 Marrubium. 682. 822 846 Marum, 728. 766, 767 Martynia, 234, 235 Marttjiiia, 235. 649 Martyniaceee, 233 Masus, 542 Matelea, 139 Matourea, 547 Mattia, 310 .Maurandya, 632, 533 Mayenne, 432 Mayepea, 52 Mecardonia, 646 Medeola, 25 Melampyrum, 626, 62/ MelampyracecEf 618 Melanzana, 432 Melasma, 562 Melia, 546 Melissa, 780-784 Melissa, 715. 756. 761. 7/1. 775. 780. 786 Melissinex, 775 Melittis, 815 Melittis, 816 Melodinie.1;, 101 Melodinus, 101 Melongena, 432 Melongena, 408. 432 Melongene, 432 Memecylon, 12 Menodora, 58 Mentba, 716-720 Mentha, 674. 711-715. 762. 779, 780 Menthoide,!;, 711 MENYANTHACE.?:, 167 Menyanthes, 167, 168 Menyanthes, 168, 169 Meriandra, 722 Mertensia, 318-320 372 Mesona, 675 Messerscbmidtia, 370-372 Messerschmidtia, 325, 361) Metaplexis, 155 Metaplexis, 153 Metastelma, 158 Meyenia, 486 Microcale, 213 Microcarpsea, 536 Microcarpaa, 537. 643 Microcorys, 802 Microloma, 158 Microloma, 136. 157 Micromeria, 771i 772 Micromeria, 776-780 Microstemma, 124 .Millingtonia, 229 .Mimulus, 552-554 Mimulus, 555. 618 Mimusops, 34, 35 Mimusops, 35 Mina, 259 Mint, 716-720 Mint, Water, 718, 71:) Mint, Wild, 719 Mitraria, 653 Mitrasacme. 172, 173 Mitreola, 171 Mitsa, 683 Mo^ofium, 59-62 Molduvica. 808, 813 Moltkia, .326, 327 Mottkia, 338 Molucca, 856 Molucca B.ilm, 856 Molucella, 856 Molucella, 820. 841. 844, 845, 855 Monarda, 758, 759 Motmrda, 759, 760. 822 MoNABDE,«, 722 Monardella, 763, 764 Monetia, 105 Monkey-flower, 552-554 Movniera, 545 Movodynamis, 166 Montabea, 37 Montira, 536 Moorcroftia, 259 Morelle, 411,412 Morelosia, 391, 392 Morenoa, 259, 260 Klorgania, 543, 544 Morgama, 538. 544. 548, 549 Moscharia, 873 Moschosma, 675 Mosla, 775 Motber-wort, 820. 821 Moth Mullien, 497 Mouroucoa, 306 Mouse-ear, 343-348 Mudor Plant, 146 Mullien, 489-498 Mullien, Common, 489 Murex, 235, 236 Miitabea, 37 Mycania, 498 Myosotis, 343-348. 372, 373 Myosotis, 323. 340, 341. 348- 351 Myrmecia, 197 Myrsine, 9-12. 23 Mi/rsine, 12. 19. 21 MYRSINEACE.E, 7 Myrsincre, 7 Myxa, 379 Myxopyrum, 50 Nama, 250 Nama, 249 Nuvarrctia, 247 Navicularia, 837 Nrfflea, 499 liiematanthus, 654 Nemesia, 533. 534 Nemia, 595, 596 Nemophila, 394, 395 Nemophila, 393 Nepeta, 803-811 Nepeta, 678. 687. 701. 703. 763. 771. 780. 803. 812. 822. 836. 847 NepetejE, 802 Nerium, 84 Nerium, 80. 82, 83. 85, 86. 90. 105 132. 164 Netouxia, 454 Neudorfia, 479 Neuropeltis, 298, 299 Nicandra, 457 Nicatidra, 67. 457 Nicotiana, 462-467 Nicotiaiia, 251. 4«7, 468 N1C0TI.INE.E, 462 Nierembergia, 468, 469 Nierembergiat 468 Nightshade, 409-442 Nightshade Tree, 411 Nightshade, woody, 409 Nil, 262 Nigrina, 562 Nisberry Bully-tree, 33 Nolana, 479, 480 Nolanie;e, 479 Nonea, 336-338. 372 Noronhia, 49 Nortenia, 650 Notelaea, 51, 52 N0TEL.EIE.E, 51 Notochaete, 854, 855 Nux Vomica, 65 Nyctanthes, 64 Nyctaiitlies, 59, 60, 61, 6i: Nycteriutn, 438, 439 Nyclerinia, 586, 587 Nycterisition, 31 Nympha-a, 168 Nymphoides, 168 Obesia, 121 Obesia, 113 Obolaria, 635 ObolariE/E, 635 Ochrosia, 99 OCVMOIDE.E, 670 Ocymoideee, 670 Ocymum, 670-674 Ocymum, 674-683. 715. 756 Odollam, 98 Odontites, 611, 612 Oily Grain, 234 Oil-seed, 234 Oldevlandia, 637 Olea, 46-49 Olea, 49. 62 Oleander, 84 OLIE.E, 44 OLEINjE, 43 Olive, 46-49 Olive, Common, 46, 47 Omphalocarpum, 35 Omphalodes, 351, 352 Omphalodes, 310 Oncinus, 26 Oncoma, 228 Oncostemurti, 13 Onosma, 313-317 Onosma, 317. 327 .336 Onosmodium, 317 Ophelia, 178, 179 Ophiospermtp, 7 Ophiorhiza, 171 Ophioxylon, 99, 100 Ophioxylon, ^',i 598 Opilia, 24 Opsantha, 186 Orbea, 119-121 Orchipeda, 93 Orelia, 103 Origanum, 764 766 Origanum, 711. 719. 762-764. 766, 767 Ornus, 56, 67 Orobanche, 628 631 Orobanche, 682 631 635 OROBANCHE/K, 627 OROBANCH1E.E, 628 Orontium, 516. 527 Orthocarpus, 616 Orthophl'Rami.1;, 109 Orthosiphon, 676, 677 Orthostemon, 198 Oscampia, 336, 337 Osmanlhus, 48 Oswega Tea, 758 Osyris, 524. 627 Otaria, 144 Othanthera, 124 Otaheite Chesnut, 34 Otostegia, 845 Ourisia, 664, 665 Orvala, 816 Oxera, 228 Oxypetalum, 147, 148 Oxystelma, 144 O-rysteljiia, 145 Oyster Plant, 320 Pachyderina, 49, 60 Pachypodium, 77 Pacouria, 102 Psderota, 580 Pa-derola, 536, 537. 580. 608 Ptederotoides, 665 Pagamea, 166 Painted Cup, 615, 616 Paliava, 649 Palladia, 214 Palquin, 597 Palura, 3 Pandacqui, 90 Papas, 400 Panzeria, 821 Papirin, 261 Paralea, 42 Parentucellia, li'2'J Parilium, 64 Parnassia, I76 Parqui, 484 Parsonsia, 79 Passerina, 306 Patagonula, 387 Patagonica, 387 Pavonia, 381 Pectinaria, 122 PEDALINE^, 233 Pedalium, 235, 236 Pedicularis, 619 626 Pedicularis, 613 Peltanthera, 444 Peltodon, 686 Pennyroyal, 720 Pentaraphitt, 650 Pentasacme, 159 Pentatropis, 145 Pentstemon, 636-640 Peplidium, 536, 537 Peplidium, 536 Peppermint, 718 Pergularia, 132, 133 Pergularia, 79. 130. 13 J. 145. 156. 162 Perilla, 715 Perilla, 711. 713. 714 Perilomia, 797, 7liH Peripea, 584 Periphragmos, 486 Periphragmos, 248, 249 Periploca, 163 Periploca, 79- 135. 144, l.'.l, 163. 158-162 PERIPLOCEiE, 161 Periwinkle, 95 Perlarius, 486 Personater, 600 Peninca, 95 Petesioides, 8 Petunia, 467, 468 Pbacelia, 396, 397 Phacelia, 394, 395 Pharbitis, 262, 263 INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. Phelipsea, G31-633 Phelipcca, (V.Vi, 034 Phelline, 37 Philibertia, 157 Phillyrea, 45, 40 PhiUyrm, 49 PMeboanlhe, 872 Phlomidopsis, 850. 853, 854 Phlomis, 850-854 Plilomis, 833. 844 850. 855 PUIomoides, 850. 853, 854 Phlox, 240-243 Phlox, 246-248 Phtheirospermuni. 501 Pliyllantliera, 103 Phvllopodium, 588 Phvllostegia, 858 859 Physalis, 447-451 Phi/salis, 451, 452. 456, 457 Phi/sahules, 448. 450 Piiysklium, 009 Physiaiithus, 149 Ph'ysocalyx, 501,562 Physocalyx, 502 Physoclaina, 470 Physostegia, 815, 810 Phvsostelma, 128 Ph'ytoxys, 835, 830 Piaranthus, 113, 114 Picolia, 351, 352. 35G Picrophlseus, 06 Picrorhiza, 581 Pikria, 017 Pink-root, 171 Piperella, 776, 777- 779 Piptoclaina, 304 Pishamin, 39 Pishamin, Sweet, 101 Pittoiiia, 306. 368. 371. 390 Pladera, 199 Plagiobotrys, 373 Planlaghiella, 552 Platostoma, 675 Platunium, 856 Platycarpuni, 228, 229 Platystenima, 004 Plectaneia, 87 Plectranthtis, 677-Gf!2 Plectranthui, 072. 674-070. 082-085 Pleurogyna, 188 Plumiera, 93, 94 Plumiera, 05 Pneumonanthe, 193-195 Pneumonanthe, 184-l!i6 Podanlhes, 117, 118 Podantlies, 121 Podostigma, 145, UG Pogogyne, 789 Pogostemon, 711, 712 Poison Nut, 05 POLEMONlACEiE, ':37 Polemonium, 238, 239 Polemonium, 244. 306 394, 395 PoUum, 868, 809 PofficA/n, 311. 818, 819 Poly, 809, 870 i'olv, Uw.irf, Mount.iin, 869 Poly, Mountain, 809 Polycarena, 588 Polymeria, 295, 290 Polyotus, 143 Porana, 298 Portlandiu. 475 Potalia, 67, 08 POTALl.ACE.E, 67 Potaliem, 67 Potatoe, 400-400 Potaloe, Spanish, 200 Potatoe, Sweet, 2G0 Pouteria, 37 Pr.isie.t., 857 Prasium, 860 Prasiim, 815, 816. 824. 858, 859 Prepusa, 197, 198. Preslrea, 365 Preslea, 715 Prestonia, 83 Prevostea, 299 Privet, 45 Prolwscidea, 234 Prost.^nthere.e, 798 Prostanthera, 798, 800 Prostanthera, 798. 802 Prunella, 790 Prunella, 675. 791 Psfiuio-Capsicum, 410, 411. 429 Pseudodiclamniis, 843, 844 Psychotria, 92 Pterostelma, 128 Pterostigma, 538, 539 Puccoon, 326 Pulegium, 715. 720 Pulmonaria, 317, 318 Pulmonaria, 318-320 Purga, 271 Purshia, 317 Pychnanthemum, 762, 763 Pychnantheniuni, 764 Pychnostachys, 6i}6 Pyrgus, 14 Pyxidanthera, 239 Pyxidaria, 551 Quamodit, 258-200 Ramondia, 498 Ranaria, 547 Rapanea, 10 Raphistemma, 1 45 Rauwolfia, 98, 99 Rauwolfu. 90. 99, 100 Razumovia, 563 Reichelia, 249. 200 Reinwardtia, 299 Rejoua, 92 Rencalniia, 168 Retzia, 386 Jielzia, 284 RETZIACE^, 306 Rhabdia, .TOl Rhammis, 28. 389 Rhamphicarpa, 585. 586 RHINANTHACE.E. 018 Rhinanthus, 018. 619 Rhinanthus, 557. 561. Oil 013.019 Rhizophora, 8 Rhodochiton, 533 Rhynchoglossnni,018 Rhynchoteclmni, 063 Rhyzosperntvm, 51 Ribes, 20 Rlbesioides, 20 Rindera, 311 Rindera, 310 RlNDERE.I, 309 Rivea, 253. 254 Rizoa. 785 Rocherorlia^B^ 393 Rochelia, 351^\ Rochi'lia, 347-35P Raemeria, 10. 23. 31 RomanzotTia, 643 Roslinia, 203 Rosmarinus, 757, 758 Rosmarbnts, 8.35 Rosemary, 757, 7-58 Rouhamon, 06 Royena, 42 Royena, 42 Roylea, 845 Ruellia, 537 Russelia, 513, 514 Ruyschiana, 813, 814 Rytidophyllum, 650 Sabbatia, 206, 207 Sabbatia, 201. 213. 776. 777 Sage, 722-756 Sage, Common, 723 Sage, Wild, 732 Sagina, 184 Sagonea, 249, 250 Sairanthus, 467 Salpiglossis, 469 iSalplglossis, 468 Salvia, 722-750 Salvia, 722 Samara, 9-12.20 Sambac, 59 Sapodillo-iree, ,33 Sapola, 33 SAPOTACE.*:. 20 Sapota-tree, 33 Sapotete, 20 Saracha, 451, 452 Saracha, 418 Sarcolobus, 130 Sarcostemma, 156, 157 Sarcostemma. 149 Saimienta, G51 Satureia, 771, 772 Satureia, 704. 770. 774. 777- 781. 811 SATUREINE.T, 761 Saussurea, 803 Savoty, 771, 772 Savory, Summer, 771 Savory, Winter, 771 Saxifiaga, 643 Scabrita, 64 Scammonv, 289 Sclarea, 722. 726. 728 732. 752 Scoparia, 642, 643 Scopolia, 470 Scopolina, 470 Scordium, 866 Scorodonia, 802. 804 1107 Scorpion-Grass, 343-3Ji't Scheheria. 009 Schizanthus, 409, 470 Schollia, 126 Schraderia, 722. 726 Schrebera, 231 Schubertia, 148 Schubleria, 201 Schultesia, 190 Schwalbea, 010 Schweyckherla, 108 Scleroxylon, 10 Scroftilaria, 507 Scrophularia, 507-513 Scrophularia, 513. 502 SCROPIIULARIE.E, 504 SCR0PHI)LAR1NE.E, 000 Scutellaria, 791 797 Sailellaria, 680. 783 864 SCUTELLARINE.E, 789 Sebasa, 211,212 Sebo'a, 197. 212, 213 Sebestena, ,375 Scbestena, 379, 380 Secamone, 159 Secamone«, 159 Selago, 592 595 Selatium, 196 Self-heal, 790 Sepislan, 378. 379 ' Serpyllum, 708 Serrattiln, 544 Sersalisia, 27 Sesamum, 234 Scsanmm, 50(* Sessea, 487 Sessea, 481 Seymeria, 560 Si'ymeria, 556 Shea-tree, 30 Shepherd's-club, 489 Shutereia, 297 Sibouraiia, 22 Sibthorpia, 641 Sibthorpia, 302 041, 042 SIBTHORPIACE/E, 641 Sickiiigia, 229 Sideritis, 836-840 5/(?er/«s, 823-825 831 835 Sideroxylon, 28, 29 Sideroxylo7!, 10-12. 27-31 Slnmugia, 649. 051 Siphonostegia. 013 Siphotoxis, 857 Skinneria, 297, -'J'S Skullcap, 791-7!'7 Slipperwort, 6l>2 6('8 Smitkia, 258 Snakewood, 106 Snap-Dragon, 514 517 Snap-Dragon, Coi:uiioii, 516 Snow-drop- tree, 6, 7 Solandra, 475, 470 SOLANACE^, 397 Solaiiece, 397 SOLANE.E, 400 Solanum, 400 442 Solatium, 443, 444. 451. 453, 454. 450. 487, '188 Solenanthus, 311 Solenostemoii, 682, 08.3 Sopubia, 557, 558 Spanish Elm, 380 Spathodea, 222, 223 Spatlwdea, 210. 227. 229 Spearmint, 717, 718 Speedwell, 563-5/9 Speedwell, Officinal, 570 Sperliimia, 128 SphaceTe, 835, 830 Sphserotheca, 546 Sphenandra, 589 Spica, 710 Spica, 710 Spigelia, 170, 171 SPIGELIACE^, 169 Squammaria, 034 STAtHYDE.E, 815 Stachvs, 823-835 Slacliiis, 704. 802. 821, 822 830. 847 Stapelia, 114-117 Slapelia, 112-123. 120, 126 Stapelie.e, 109 Star Apple, 31, 32 Starbia, 501 Stauranthera. 665 Stemodia, 539 542 Stemodia, 535. 539 Stenarrhena, 722. 730 Stenogyne, 8,59. 860 Stenolobiuni, 227, 228 Stephanolis, 1 1 1 Steripha, 302 Sleris, 249 Sleiidelia, 26 St. Ignatius's Bean, 65 Sloechas, 709 Slmchelina, 612 Siomotechiuin, 313 Storax, 4-6 Storax, Officinal, 4 Stramonium, 473 Stramonium, 472-475 Streptocarpus, 658 Streptocaulon, 101 Streptocuuloii, 161, 162 Striga, 582 Strobila, 327 Strophanthus, 84, 85 STRYCHNACE.E, 04 Strychnea', 64 Strychnos, 64 66 Slrychnodetulros, 411 Stylaiidra, 146 Styracece, 3 STYRACINE.C, 3 Styrax, 4 6 Sulzeria, 166 Swallow-wort, 139-142 Swartzia, 475 Swertia, 175, 176 Swertia, 169. 176 179. 184. 188. 207 Symphyte^, 312 Symphytum, 312, 313 Symphytum, 310 Symholanthus, 210 SYMPLOCINE.E, Symplocos, 1-3 Synandra, 816 Svringa, 51 Syri„ga. 51 SYRtNGE.E, 51 Tabacus. 402. 467 Tabernsemontana, 87 92 Taberntpmoniana, 92, 93 Taber.n.emontane.1, 87 Tachia, 197 Tanacium, 233 Tanevcittm, 233 Tanghinia, 97, 98 Tapina, 654 Taratoufli, 400 Tecoma, 223-225 Teedia, 610 Teedie*, 616 Teganiuin, 479 Tetradenia, 711 Tetragonanthus, I 76 Tetrahit, 822, 823. 832 Tetrahilum, 831 Tetrapilus, 49 Tetrorrhiza, 191 Teucrium, 861-870 Teucrium, SIO. 871 «73 Thenardia, 80 Tkeuardia, 72 Theophrasta, 26 TheopUrasta, 25, 26 THEOPHRASTE.E, 24 Thevetia, 97 Thonnia, 245 Thorn-Apple, 472-474 Thorn-Apple, Cunin.on, 473 Thouinia, 62, 53. 257, 25S vm INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. Thurnhaiisera, 201 Thylacantha, 609 Thymbia, 789 Thymbra. 769, 770. 816 Thyme, 7C7-77I Thyme, Basil, 782 Thyme, Garden, 767 Thyme, Lemon, 768 Thyme, Maslich, 767 Thyme, Mother of, 768, 709 Thyme, Wild, 768, 769 Thymus, 767-771 Thymus, 674. 720. 756. 760. 763. 772. 770-784. 806 Tiaridium, 364, 365 Tiiitis, 5 Tiquilia, 365 Tittmannia, 537. 548, 549. 551 Toad-Flax, 517 531 Toad- Flax, Common, 524 Tobacco, 462-467 Tobacco, Common, 462-404 Tobacco, English, 465 Tobacco, Orinoko, 464 Tobacco, Shiraz, 466 Tomato, 443, 444 Toothwort, 634, 635 Torenia, 550, 551 Torenia, 548-550 Tourneforlia, 365-369 Tournefoilia, 361. 370 372 Tourretia, 231 TOURRETIE*, 231 Toxocarpus, 160 Tozzia, 635, 636 Tracbystemon, 309 Traorigmmm, 772 Treveraniu, 645 Trichodesma, 311 Trichosfore.(E, 650 Trichospuruni, 656, 657 Trichostema, 861 Trichostnna, 715 Tridentea, 118 Trifoliiim, 167 Triguera, 480 Triphysaria, 627 Tripinna, 233 Tripinnaria, 233 Tripinnaria, 233 Triplosperma, 134 Tripterospermum, 200 Trilicum, 626 Trixago, 612. 830 Tromotriche, 119 Tromsdorffia. 656 Trongum, 432 Trumpet-flower, 216-222 Tullia, 762 Tupeicavi, 642 Turnsole, 357-364 Turnsole, Peruvian, 357 Turpethum, 208 Tylophora, 128 130 Tylophora, 136 Tyrba^n, 19 Ulostonia, 196 Utricla, 836 Uliuia, 58 Urceola, 92 Urceotaria, 651 Urostelma, 145 Usteria, 166 listeria, 533 Utania, 663 Uvedalia, 555 V. Vahea, 92 ralerimia, 238 Vallaris, 78, 79 Vallesia, 100 Vandellia, 547-549 yandellia, 547 549 Varronia, 382-387 Venus Navel-wort, 351, 352 Venus Navel-wort, Common, 352 VERBASCIN^, 488 Verbascum, 488-498 Verbascum, 480. 498, 499 Veronica, 563-579 I'eronica, 546. 479-481 reronicasti-iini, 579 Veronice.e, 563 Vestia, 486 Villarsia, 168, 169 Vinca, 95 Finca, 74. 95 Vinceioxicum , 137 Viper's Bugloss, 327-336 Viper's Bugloss, Common, 332 Virgularia, 557. 560, 561 Voacanga, 92 Vohiria, 199, 200 P'oyria, 199 Vrolikia, 551 Wald&chmidia, 168 Wallceria, 479 Wallenia, 8 IVallenia, 8, 9 Water Betony, 510 Water Horehonnd, 720-722 Water Leaf, 393, 394 Wax Tree, 45 Weigellia, 8 Wensca, 711 Westringia, 801, 802 White Bully-tree, 29 VVhitia, 662. 663 Whilleya, 457 Wigandia, 251 Wightia, 230 Wild Flax, 524 Willughbeia, 101, 102 milughbeia, 68, 102 Wilsonia, 302 Winter Cherry, 411. 448 451 Witheringia, 452-454 Wood Sage, 865 Worm Grass, 170, 171 Worm Grass, Common, 171 Woundwort, 825, 826 Wrightia, 85, 86 WRIGHTIE.E, 85 Wulfenia, 580 Wulfenia, 580. 664 Xenopoma, 780 Xuarezia, 642 Xysmalobium, 146 Yellow Rattle, 618,619 Yellow-wort, 198 Zeyheria, 227 Zietenia, 834 Ziziphora, 700, 761 Zixiphora, 768. ni-TlT- 811 Zornia, 813, 814 Zwmgera, 479 Zygis, 780 r THE GARDENER'S AND BOTANIST'S DICTIONARY. Sub-class III, COROLL^FLO^R.E (from corolla, am\Jlos, a flower.) Co- rolla monopetalous, or the petals combined into the form of a hypogynous corolla, which is not attached to the calyx. To this sub-class are to be referred all orders which have a mono- petalous corolla, with the stamens inserted into it, and a superior ovarium ; but those orders with a monopetalous corolla, having the stamens inserted into it and the inferior ovarium, as Ruhid,- cece, Erlcacece, Eiiacridece, Campamdacece, Lobel'tdcece, Caprifo- liacece, Loranthaceoe, &c. are still retained in the sub-class Calycijldrce. Order CXL. SYMPLOCI'NE^ (this order only contains the genus Sijmplucos). D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 144. — Guaia- canae, part 2. Juss. gen. 157. Calyx 5-parted or 5-cleft (f. 1 . a.). Corolla monopetalous, rotate (f. 1. c), with a 5 (f. 1. c.) -10-parted spreading limb ; when 8 or 10, 4 or 5 of which are interior and smaller : imbricate in aestivation. Stamens very numei'ous, inserted in the tube of the corolla, disposed in 3 or 4 series or rows ; filaments cuspi- date at the apex, polyadelphous at the base ; anthers erect, roundish-elliptic, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovarium half inferior, 3-5-celled; ovula 4 in each cell, fixed to inner parietes of the cells at various heights, the 2 superior ones pe- ritropous, and the 2 inferior ones pendulous. Style 1 ; stigma 3-5-lobed. Drupe rather fleshy, crowned by the calyx, contain- ing a 3-5-celled nut ; cells 1-seeded ; seeds bony. Embryo in- verted and furnished with albumen, having a superior radicle. Trees with alternate branches. Leaves alternate, entire, or serrulated, exstipulate, turning yellow on drying. Flowers axil- lary, sessile, or peduncidate, almost solitary, conglomerate, or somewhat racemose, white or scarlet, furnished with imbricating bracteas at the base (f. 1 . b.), sometimes fragrant. The leaves of most of the species are astringent ; those of Symplocos tinc- toria are used in America, under the name of Srveetleaf, for dyeing yellow ; and the bark of S. racemosa is used with mun- geet for dyeing red in the East Indies, under the name of Lohd. VOL. IV. I. SY'MPLOCOS ((Tu/n7rXoiv»), «^?np/o/:e, a connection ; in re- ference to the stamens being combined at the base). Lin. gen. 677. Jacq. amer. 166. Swartz, prod. 109. obs. t. 7. f. 1. Juss. gen. 157. L'Herit. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 174. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 256. D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 144. — Ciponima, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 226. Cav. diss. 7. p. 370. t. 217. Alstonia, Mut. in Lin. suppl. p. 264. — Hopea, Lin. but not of Roxb. LiN. SYST. Polyadelphia, Polydndria. Character the same as that of the order. Sect. I. Alstonia (named in memory of Charles Alston, Professor of Botany in the University of Edinburgh). Corolla 8-10-parted ; segments disposed in a double row. Stamens dis- posed in 3 or 4 series. Drupe half inferior, 3-5-celled ; cells 1- seeded. — Species natives of South America. 1 S. Alstonia (Lher. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 17C.) glabrous in every part ; leaves roundish-elliptic or oblong, obtuse, rounded at the base, obsoletely crenated at the apex, coriaceous, shining; flowers by threes or fours, sessile. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota and Popayan. Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 181. t. 51. Alstonia theaeformis, Lin. suppl. p. 264. Habit of Thea Bohea. Leaves pale green and shining above, and pale beneath, and are employed as tea on account of their slight astringency. Corollas white, 8-10-cleft. Drupe 3-celled. Alston's Symplocos. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 2 S. ce'rnua (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 188. t. 53.) branches glabrous ; leaves oblong, bluntish, running into the petioles at the base, serrulated at the apex, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, pilose on the nerves beneath ; flowers soli- tary, on short pedicels, drooping. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in woods, near the town of Jaen de Bracamoros. Leaves 9.\ inches long. Corolla 10-1 1-parted, white. Ovarium 3-celled. Droojmig-fiovieveA Symplocos. Tree 30 feet. 3 S. cocciNEA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 185. t. 52.) branches hispid from pili ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, obsoletely crenulated, membranous, gla- brous, shining, pilose on the middle nerve ; flowers solitary, almost sessile. Ij . S. Native of Mexico, near Xalapa and elsewhere. Corolla rose-coloured or purplish, silky outside, 10-1 1-parted, an inch in diameter when expanded. Drupe 5- celled. Stamens disposed in 4 series. Scarlet Symplocos. Tree tall. 4 S. serrulata (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 1. p. 190. t. 54.) branchlets clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves obovate- B D. H. HILL LIBRARY North Carolina State College SYMPLOCINEiE. I. Symplocos. oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, remotely denticulated, membranous, glabrous above, but clothed with adpressed pili beneath ; peduncles short, usually 3-flowered. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, in woods near Popayan. Leaves 3^ to 4i inches long. Corolla white, 6-9-parted, clothed with adpressed hairs outside. Stamens disposed in 3-4 series. Serrulated-\ca.-ved Symplocos. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 5 S. rufe'scens (Humb.etBonpl. pi. a;quin. 1. p. 192. t. 55.) branchlets clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves obovate-oblong, much acuminated, rounded at the base, almost quite entire, membranous, glabrous above, and clothed with rusty hairs be- neath, the middle nerve hairy ; peduncles very short, 2-5- flowered. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, on the Andes about Quindiu. Leaves obsoletely and remotely denticulated, 7 inches long and 2| broad. Corolla white, silky outside, 5-C-parted (ex Kunth), 7-8-parted (ex BonpL). Ovarium 3-5-celled (ex Kunth). Drupe 4-celled (ex Bonpl.). Rvfescenl Symplocos. Tree 50 to 60 feet. 6 S. toment6s.\ (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aquin. 1. p. 195.) branchlets clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, denticulated, rather coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, but clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; peduncles short, 4-7-flowered. Ij . S. Native of New Granada, near Ibague. Flowers sessile. Corolla 10- parted. Ovarium 5-celled. Tomentose Symplocos. Tree. 7 S. nu'da (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin, l.p. 195.) branchlets glabrous ; leaves oblong, acutish, cuneated at the base, re- motely serrulated at the apex, glabrous above, but rather pilose beneath; peduncles short, 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, in woods, near Loxa. Leaves 2|^ to 3 inches long. Drupe oblong, 3-celled, about the size of a small plum. N aled Sym\>\ocos. Tree 12 feet. 8 S. ? LiMONCiLLo (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. asquin. 1. p. 190.) glabrous in every part ; leaves oblong, acute at both ends, almost quite entire, shining ; flowers racemose. T; . G. Native of Mexico, in woods near Xalapa. Leaves a little serrulated. Drupe glaucous, containing a 3-4-celled nut (ex Bonpl.). Limoncillo Symplocos. Tree tall. 9 S. muckona'ta (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 196.) glabrous in every part ; leaves oblong, mucronate, denticulated, coriaceous; peduncles 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Mexico, in the woods of Xalapa. Peduncles solitary. Flowers pale red, ex Schlecht. Miicronate-\ea.\sA Symplocos. Tree 12 feet. 10 S. ScHiEDEANA (Schlecht. in Linnsea. 8. p. 527.) branches glabrous, angular ; leaves large, oblong-elliptic, cuneated at the base, and with a short abrupt acumen at the apex, quite entire, glabrous ; flowers axillary, subspicate. Tj . G. Native of Mexico, between Tiocelo and Jicochimalco. The branches are furnished with an elevated, acute line on both sides, from the decurrent bases of the petioles. Leaves 8-10 lines long. Schiede's Symplocos. Tree. 11 S. Martinice'nsis (Lin. spec. 747.) glabrous; leaves ovate, acute, shining above, rather coriaceous, crenulated ; pe- duncles sub-racemose. Tj . S. Native of Martinico, in woods. Lher. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 175. Swartz, obs. 293. t. 7. f. 1. Jacq. amer. 166. t, 175. f. 68. pict. 81. t. 261. f. 41. Corolla white, 5»cleft. Drupe 5-celled. Martinico Symplocos. Tree 25 feet. 12 S. CipoNiMA (Lher. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 175. Meyer, ess. 248.) branches villous ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, villous be- neath ; peduncles many-flowered. f2 . S. Native of Guiana, where it is called Ciponima. CiponimaGuianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 507. t. 226. Cav. diss. 7. p. 371. t. 217. Corolla white, 10- parted. Drupe 5-celled, black. Ciponima Symplocos, Shrub 7 feet. 13 S. Are'chea (Lher. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 176.) leaves ser- rated, almost glabrous ; peduncles about 5-flowered. f^ • S. Native of Peru, in woods, where it was collected by Dombey, under the name of ^rec/iea. Corolla 10-parted? Drupe 5-celled. Arechea Symplocos. Tree. 14 S. octope'tala (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 3. p. 1287.) leaves ovate, short-acuminated, glabrous, bluntly serrated ; pedicels axillary, solitary, towards the tops of the branches ; calycine segments 5, ciliated ; limb of corolla 8-parted. fj . S. Native of the south of Jamaica, on high mountains. Flowers white, about the size of those of the orange. Drupe 5-celled. Eight-pvlallcd Symplocos. Tree 20 to 36 feet. 15 S. TiNCTORiA (Lher. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 176.) leaves ob- long or lanceolate-ovate, a little serrated, glaucous, shining ; flowers axillary, 8-10 together; fruit containing a 3-celled nucleus. Ij . G. Native of Carolina. Hopea tinctoria, Lin. mant. 14. syst. ed. 1. 699. — Catesb. car. 1. t. 54. Bracteas concave, villous. Flowers yellow, sweet-scented. Corolla 5- parted. Stamens combined in 5 bodies. The juice, or a de- coction of the leaves, will dye linen and silk of a bright yellow. Dyers' Symplocos or Yellow-leaf. Clt. 1780. Tree. 16 S. ? penta'gyna (Spreng syst. 3. p. 340.) leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, quiie entire, glabrous ; flowers racemose, pentagynous. (j . S. Native of Brazil. Sello. Pentagynous Symplocos. Shrub. Sect. H. Lodiira (the Sanscrit name of S. racemosd). Co- rolla 5-parted. Stamens numerous, inserted without order. Drupe containing a 3-5-celled nut, inferior. — Species natives of Asia. Perhaps the same as Decadia, Lour, the Dicalyx, Blum. 17 S. Lo'ha (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 144.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrulated, glabrous ; spikes usually twin, tomentose, longer than the petioles ; calycine seg- ments and bracteas roundish. \ . G. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. S. subspinosa, Hamilt. mss. Leaves 3-6 inches long, pale green, and from I5 to 2 inches broad. Loha Symplocos. Shrub. 18 S. Sumu'ntia (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 145.) leaves elliptic, coriaceous, acuminated, slightly serru- lated, glabrous ; spikes pilose, twice the length of the petioles ; calycine segments and bracteoles oblong. ^ . G. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty, and on Sheopore. S. floribimda. Wall, cat. no. 4419. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and Ig to 2 inches broad. Flowers rather large. Sumimtia Symplocos. Fl. March. Shrub. 19 S. THEiEFoLiA (D. Dou, prod. fl. nep. p. 145.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, serrulated ; spikes aggregate, densely pu- bescent, equal in length to the petioles ; calycine segments and bracteoles roundish, ciliated. I^ . G. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. S. attenuata. Wall. cat. 4426. Leaves 3 inches long, and li-2 inches broad. Nothing but S. racemosa, Roxb. Tea-leaved Symplocos. Fl. Nov. Shrub. 20 S. ferrugi'nea (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 542.) leaves lanceo- late, serrulated, acuminated, parallel-veined, downy beneath ; spikes axillary, solitary, compound, downy ; stigma 3-lobed. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, in the Garo country, where it is called Foolinazur. 'Flowers yellow. Bracteas 3 to each flower, broad-ovate, downy. Leaves 4-7 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Rusty Symplocos. Tree. 21 S. spica'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 541.) leaves from lanceo- late to oblong, serrated, acute ; spikes axillary, compound ; drupe urceolate, torose ; nut 1 -celled, 1-seeded. Ij . S. Na- tive of Silhet, where it is called Booree. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Flowers small, yellow. Bracteas 3 to each flower, cili- ated. The nuts are hard, about the size of a pea, and resemble 12 SYMPLOCINE^. I. SvMPLocos. STYRACINE^. a minute fluted pitcher ; when bored they are strung like beads, and by tlie natives put round the necks of tlieir children, to prevent evil. The nuts only of N^ageia piUratijlva, are em- ployed in the same manner and for the same end. I'ar. [i; platlslachya (Wall. cat. no. 4428.) spikes compound, downy. h . S. Native of Silhet. ^^jica/e-flowercd Symplocos. Tree or shrub. 22 S. RACEMosA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 539.) leaves oblong, gla- brous, serrulated ; racemes axillary, generally simple ; nut 3- celled. Pj . S. Native of Burdwan and Midnapore, in Bengal. The Sanscrit name of the tree is Savtira and Lodlira, and the Bengalee one Lod/i. Myrtus, Retz, obs. 4. p. 26. Leaves 2-6 inches long. Flowers yellow. The bark of this tree is in request among dyers of red in Calcutta, and is met with in the markets of that town for a trifling price. It seems to be used as a mordaunt only to dye with Mungcet (a species of Rubla), in which the bark called Lodli is an ingredient. For three yards of cloth take Lodh and the bark of Biira Hur (^Terminalia CM- bula) of each one chatuk, or two ounces, pound them together, and mix them with water, and steep the cloth in it ; then dry it. Take one chatuk of alum, dissolve it in water, and boil it ; put the cloth into this solution, and let it boil for an hour, then wash and dry it. Then take^Z ( Morinda tincloria) one chatuk, Dhawra flowers {Grisica tomentosa) one chatuk, Mungeet half a seer (nearly a pound), separately mix them with lukewarm water, and boil it. Then put in the cloth and let it boil for 40 minutes. Aboor, the red powder used by the natives during the Hoolee holidays, is made about Kheerpaee of the bark of this tree. 7?«cemose- flowered Symplocos. Tree 20 feet. 23 S. cauda'ta (Wall. cat. no. 4413.) leaves lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, long-acuminated, obso- letely denticulated ; racemes simple, axillary, downy ; calyx minute. Tj . S. Native of Silhet. Tall-\eayeA Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 24 S. Lu'ciDA (Wall. cat. no. 4414.) leaves smooth, shining on both surfaces, coriaceous, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, entire at the base, and serrated from below the middle, acuminated ; racemes downy, branched. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. ShiningAeaveA Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 25 S. PYRiFOLiA (Wall. cat. no. 4415.) leaves elliptic or ob- long, acuminated, shining, coriaceous, entire, or denticulated towards the tops ; racemes simple, slender, glabrous, twice the length of the petioles. I^ . S. Native of Silhet. Pear-leaved Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 26 S. LAURiNA (Wall. cat. no. 4416.) leaves oblong or elliptic, acuminated, denticulated, shining, smooth ; racemes simple or branched at the base, downy. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Myrtus laurlna, Herb. madr. Eugenia laurina, Rottl. herb. Laurel-like Sym])locos. Shrub or tree. 27 S. Hamiltonia'na (Wall. cat. no. 4420.) leaves elliptic- lanceolate or oblong, repandly denticulated ; racemes simple, downy. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Decadia racemosa, Hamilt. herb. Hamilton's Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 28 S. ri'gida (Wall. cat. no. 4422.) leaves oblong, coriaceous, stiff', quite entire, or repand, obtuse ; racemes long, downy, simple, or branched at the base. I^ . S. Native of the Burman empire, at Moalmeyne. Stijf Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 29 S. polyca'rpa (Wall. cat. no. 4423.) leaves elliptical, acu- minated, repandly denticulated ; spikes compound. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, at Amherst and Tavoy. Many-fruited Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 30 S. oBTu'sA (Wall. cat. no. 4424.) leaves coriaceous, quite entire, oblong-obovate, obtuse, tapering to the base, shining ; spikes simple; lobes of calyx rounded, imbricate, obtuse. [^ ,S. Native of the East Indies, on the Neelgherry mountains. Blunt-leaved Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 31 S. RAMOsissiMA (Wall. cat. no. 4425.) leaves membranous, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, denticulated ; racemes axillary and lateral, simple and compound. Jj . S. Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore. Much-branched Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 32 S. ADENOPHY'LLA(Wan. Cat. no. 4427.) leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, tapering to both ends, long-acuminated, usually quite entire; racemes compound, downy. Pj . S. Native of Penang. Gland-leaved Symplocos. Shrub or tree. ^3 S. MOLLIS (Wall. cat. no. 4433.) branches, racemes, pe- tioles, and nerves of leaves on the under surface clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, quite entire ; spikes compound. I? . S. Native of Penang. Soft Symplocos. Shrub or tree. Sect. III. Palu'ra (meaning unknown to us). Corolla 5- parted. Stamens disposed in a triple series. Ovarium inferior. — Species natives of Nipaul and China. FIG. 1. , G. Native of Nipaul, in 34 S. SiNi'cA (Ker. hot. reg. 710.) leaves elliptic-oblong, at- tenuated at both ends, mucro- nately serrated, downy on both surfaces and wrinkled ; racemes compound, terminal, and axil- lary ; calycine segments acumin- ated. >j.H. Native of China. Flowers white, (fig. 1.) Chinese Symplocos. Fl. May. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 feet. 35 S. CRATJEGOiDEs (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 145.) leaves ovate, acute, ser- rated, villous beneath as well as on the branches ; panicles race- mose, terminal, villous; calycine segments roundish, membranous. the Great Valley, near the town of Thankot. S. paniculata, Wall. Palura odorata, Hamilt. mss. Flowers white, fragrant. This shrub hardly belongs to Symplocos, and has the habit of Prunus Mahabcb. Hawthorn-like Symplocos. Tree or shrub. Cult. The species of Symplocos grow well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings of them strike readily in sand, under a hand-glass ; those of the tropical kinds in heat. Order CXLI. STYRACI'NE^ (this order only contains the genus Stijrax). Styraceae, part. Richard, ann. du fruct. 1808. Styracinese, part. Rich, in H. B, et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 256. Guiacanse part. Juss. gen. 156. Calyx permanent, campanulate, 5-toothed (f. 2. a.). Corolla monopetalous, funnel-shaped; deeply 3-7-cleft, but usually 5 or 6-cleft, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 10, exserted ; filaments monadelphous at the base, adnate to the tube of the corolla ; anthers linear, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise inside. Ova- rium superior, 3-celled, many-ovulate, erect. Style 1 (f 26.). Stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Drupe nearly dry, containing a 1-celled, 1-3-seeded nut. Testa of seed double; inner cob- webbed, outer spongy. Embryo inverted, with elliptic coty- B 2 STYRACINE^. I. Sty'rax. ledons, and a thick superior radicle. Albumen fleshy. — Elegant trees or shrubs, usually clothed with stellate tomentum. Leaves entire, alternate, exstipulate. Peduncles axillary or terminal, one or many-flowered. Flowers racemose, bracteate, white or cream- coloured. The Styrax officinale, affords the officinal storax of Asiatic Turkey, and S. Benzoin the fragrant resin of that name. This order is very nearly allied to Halesiacece, but differs by the decidedly superior ovarium, in the more deeply cleft corolla ; and from Symplocinece in the superior ovarium, and entire or slightly lobed calyx, and in the stamens being fewer and monadelphous. I. STY'RAX (oTi/pas, sli/rax, of Theophrastus and Dioscori- des ; the name is a mere alteration of assthirak, the Arabic name of S. officinale). Lin. gen. no. 595. Tourn. t. 369. Juss. gen 156. Giertn. fruct. 1. p, 284. t. 59. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Character the same as that of the order. * A species native of Europe. 1 S. officina'le (Lin. spec. FIG. 2. 635.) leaves ovate, clothed with hoary villi beneath, shining and green above ; racemes sim- ple and axillary, 5-6-flowered, shorter than the leaves. \}. H. Native of Italy and the Levant. Cav. diss. 6. p. 338. t. 188. f. 2. Woodv. med. hot. 197. t. 71. Church et Stev. med. bot. 1. t. 47. Andr. bot. rep. 631. Lodd. bot. cab. 928. Plench, icon. 341. Mill. fig. 260. Lob. icon. 151. Leaves about 2 inches long. Flowers white. Drupe ovate, globose. The iS'. officinale is chiefly remarkable for producing the very powerful and fragrant balsam called storax. It is a native of Syria and the Levant, and is not uncommon all over Greece and the Peloponnesus, being known by the name of XayofiriXia in modern Greek. It is naturalized in hedges in some parts of Italy, particularly about Tivoli. The finest tree of this species in Britain is in the Apothecaries' Garden at Chelsea. The best storax comes from Asiatic Turkey, and is obtained in a fluid state, from incisions made in the bark of the trunk or branches of the storax-tree. It is brought from Turkey ; but is so adulterated that it is very rarely met with in a pure state. Storax is bitter and pungent to the taste, and has a strong fra- grant odour. Two sorts of balsam are found in the markets — storax in the tear, and common storax in larger masses ; this has been called " storax in the lump," " red storax," and the separate tears, " storax in the tear." The former is very rarely in separate tears, but in masses, composed of white and pale reddish tears, or having a uniform reddisli-yellow or brownish appearance, being unctuous to the touch, soft, like wax, and free from visible impurities. This is the (rrvfial, KaXci/jtrjjf of the ancient Greeks. According to Galen it was formerly brought from Pamphylia, in iiollow canes or reeds, whence it was called Styrax calamita. It is preferred to the common storax, in larger masses, which are lighter, less compact than the preced- ing, and have a large admixture of woody matter, like saw dust. Altliough the impurities of this kind of storax render it less valuable, it is not less useful, and when purified, its medical qualities are no less potent. Storax should be chosen of a reddish brown colour, rather softish, unctuous to the touch, yet brittle and friable, and of a pleasant sweet smell. On ac- count of its yielding a pleasant odour of Benzoic acid, vvhen ignited, it is much used in Roman Catholic countries for in- cense. Spirits dissolve it entirely ; it consists principally of resin, with a small portion of Benzoic acid. The directions of the London Pharmacopoeia for purifying storax are : — " Dissolve Balsam of storax in rectified spirit and strain it ; then distil off the spirit by a gentle heat until the balsam acquires a proper consistence." It may not be improper here to observe, that the storax of the Pharmacopoeia ought not to be con- founded with the storax of commerce, which is a liquid balsam, said to be obtained from Liquiddmbcr slyraciflua. Storax is stimulating and expectorant, and was formerly pre- scribed for asthma and chronic affections of the windpipe; for amenorrhcea, &-c. It is so far discarded from practice as hardly ever to be used, and is justly designated by Dr. Thomson, as a useless article in the list of Materia Medica. Officinal Storax. Fl. July. Clt. 1597. Tree 12 to 15 feet. * * Sjjecies natives of North America. 2 S. GRANDiFOLiuM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 75.) leaves broad, obovate, acuminated, green above, but clothed with hoary to- mentum beneath; lower peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, fj . H. Native of South Carolina. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1016. Wats. dend. brit. t. 129. S. officinale, Walt. fl. car. 140. S. grandiflo- rum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p 41. Flowers white. Great- leaved Storax. Fl. Jul. Cult. 1765. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 3 S. LjEviga'tum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 75. Willd. spec. 2. p. 624.) leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous on both surfaces, toothed; peduncles axillary, solitary or twin, 1 -flowered. ^ . H. Native of South Carolina and Virginia, in swamps. Lodd. bot. cab. 960. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 40. S. octandrum, Lher. stirp. nov. 2. t. 17. S. glcibrum, Cav. diss. 6. p. 340. t. 188. f. 1. S. loeVe, Walt. fl. car. 140. S. Americanum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 82. Stamens from 6 to 10. Smooth-leaved Storax. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1765. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 4 S. pulverule'ntum (Michx. fl. amer. bor. I. p. 41. Wats, dendr. brit. 41.) leaves almost sessile ovate or obovate, obtuse; clothed with powdery tomentum beneath ; flowers axillary and nearly terminal by threes on short pedicels. ^ . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, in woods. S. Isevigitum, Curt. bot. mag. 921. Powdery Storax. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1794. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. * * * Species natives of South America. 5 S. toment6sum (Hunib. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 72. t. 101. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 264.) leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous above, but clothed with' white to- mentum beneath ; racemes axillary, simple, 5-8-flowers. (; . S. Native of Quito near Malacates. Pedicles, peduncles, and rachi, clothed with whitish or rusty tomentum, and the calyx with white tomentum. Flowers white. Leaves 3^ to 4^ inches long. Tomentose Storax. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 6 S. flo'ridum (Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 54. t. 134.) leaves ob- long-elliptic, attenuated at both ends, glabrous above, but clothed beneath with greenish-hoary down ; racemes axillary, simple, erectly spreading ; calyx clothed with rusty tomentum. ^ . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, among bushes in mountainous places. Corollas yellowish-white. Flowery Storax. Tree 10 feet. 7 S. FERRUoiNEUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 55. t. 135.) leaves oblong- ovate, acute, rather attenuated at the base, glabrous above, but greenish-grey beneath, and dotted from tufts of rusty tomentum; racemes axillary, very short, few flowered ; peduncles and calyxes clothed with hoary yellow tomentum. Ij . G. Native of Brazil, STYRACINE^. I. Stvrax. in the province of Minas Geraes, about Villa Rica. Corollas yellowish- white. Rusty Storax. Shrub 5 feet. 8 S. CAMPORUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 56. t. 135.) leaves oblong, acu- minated, somewhat attenuated at the base, shining and glabrous above, and clothed with greenish hoary tomentum beneath ; ra- cemes axillary, few-flowered; peduncles and calyxes clothed with hoary yellow tomentum. f; . S. Native of Brazil. Co- rollas yellowish-white. Field Storax. Shrub 5 feet. 9 S. crymophy'llum (Pohl. 1. c. p. 57. t. 137.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous on both surfaces ; racemes axillary, very short, about 4-flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with white or greenish tomentum. Ij • S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro, among bushes, about Agoacin. Corollas yellowish- white. Ice-leaved Storax. Shrub. 10 S. PARViFOLiuM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 53. t. 133.) leaves oblong- ovate, or oblong-elliptic, obtuse, glabrous above, and clothed with greenish canescent tomentum beneath ; racemes axillary, compound ; calyx clothed with yellowish down girding the pe- ricarp to the middle. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Corollas white. Small-leaved Storax. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. US. ACUMiNA^TUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 58. t. 138.) leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, clothed with greenish hoary tomentum beneath ; racemes axillary, simple ; calyx girding the fruit to the fourth part of its length, and is, as well as the peduncles, clothed with yellowish tomentum. f; . S. Native of Rio Ja- neiro, among bushes, about Marambaia. Corollas greenish-white. Acuminated Storax. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 12 S. chrysa'sterum (Pohl. 1. c. p. 59. t. 139.) leaves oblong, acute, glabrous and shining above, but clothed with greenish hoary tomentum beneath ; racemes axillary, simple, many-flowered ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with white to- mentum. h . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, among bushes, by the edges of rivers and fields. Golden-starred Storax. Tree 10 feet. 13 S. LATiFOLiUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 60. t. 140.) Icavcs large, oval- ventricose, acute, glabrous above, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; racemes axillary and terminal, compound ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with rusty tomentum. tj . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in shady mountain- woods. Corollas yellowish-white, downy. Broad-leaved Storax. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 14 S. macrophy'llum (Pohl. 1. c. p. 61. t. 141.) leaves large, oblong-ovate, acute, rather cordate at the base, glabrous above, clothed with greenish-white tomentum beneath : with reddish-brown villous veins ; racemes axillary, short, few- flowered ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with reddish brown villi. I; S. Native of Rio Janeiro, among bushes about Pillar. Corolla yellowish-white. Long-leaved Storax. Tree. 15 S. a'lbum (Mart, in Spreng. syst. 2. p. 284. Pohl. 1. c. p. 62.) leaves oblong-ovate, acute, glabrous above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath, as well as stellate rusty tomen- tum on the veins and nerves ; calyxes and branches clothed with rusty villi. Tj . G. Native of Brazil. Flowers whitish. White Storax. Shrub. 16 S. reticula'tum (Mart. reis. bras, ex Linnaea. 5. p. 41.) leaves ovate or obovate-oblong, acute, glabrous above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath, and reticulated with pa- rallel veins and cross nerves ; calyxes clothed with white to- mentum, about equal to the corolla in length. Tj , S. Native of Brazil. Leaves at length repand. Reticulated Storax. Shrub. 17 S. au'reum (Mart. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, beset with stel- late tufts of tomentum above, but at length shining, clothed with golden yellow tomentum beneath, as well as the branchlets and calyxes, which are a little shorter than the corolla. »j . G. Native of Brazil. Golden-leaved Storax. Shrub or tree. 18 S. TiNiFOLiuM ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, hoary beneath ; racemes panicled, terminal, tomentose. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica. Clethra tinifolia, Swartz. prod. 74. Tinus occi- dentalis. Lin. spec. 530. Volkameria, P. Browne, jam. 214. t. 21. f 1. Sloan, jam. 2. p. 86. t. 198. f. 2. Leaves dark green above. Fruit containing a sweet mealy pulp and a hard stone. Sloane calls it the bastard Locust tree. Tinus-leaved Storax. Shrub 10 to 12 feet, * * * * ^ species native of Africa. 19 S. Gdinee'nse ; glabrous, leaves oblong, entire, ending in an obtuse acumen, on short petioles; peduncles many- flowered, corymbose, axillary; calyx nearly entire or a little toothed. Pj . S. Native of Guinea in the island of St. Thomas. Flowers very fragrant, white ; anthers combined into a tube. Stigma large ovate. Corolla of 4 and 5 petals. Guinea Storax. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. ***** Species natives of Asia. 20 S. agre'ste ; leaves ovate, acuminated, a little serrated ; glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered, almost terminal ; calyx 5-toothed. I; . H. Native of Cochin China, among bushes. Cyrta agrestis. Lour. coch. 278. Tube of corolla equal to the calyx in length. Drupe oblong, curved, containing a furrowed nut. Flowers white. Field Storax. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 21 S. viLLOsUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 671.) leaves oblong, acu- minated, acutish at the base, unequal sided, rather villous be- neath ; racemes simple, shorter than the leaves ; flowers with 6, rarely with 5 stamens. Tj . S. Native of Java, in woods, on Mount Salak. Villous Storax. Fl. Oct. Shrub. 22 S. Java'nicum (Blum, bijdr. p. 671.) leaves oblong acute, rounded at the base, glabrous, rather tomentose on the rib be- neath ; racemes crowded, many-flowered, much shorter than the petioles ; flowers hexandrous. H . S. Native of Java on the Parang mountains, in the province of Tjanjor ; and in woods on Mount Burangrang. Java Storax. Fl. Aug. Tree 40 to 50 feet. 23 S. virga'tum (Wall. cat. no. 4400.) branches downy; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, denticulated ; calyx and co- rolla downy outside. tj . S. Native of Silhet. Calyx obso- letely 5-toothed. Segments of corolla lanceolate. Twiggy Storax. Shrub. 24 S. Porteria'num (Wall. cat. no. 4401.) branches, calyxes, corollas, petioles and young leaves, downy ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, almost quite entire. Tj . S. Native of Penang. Calyx entire. Corolla 6-parted, with elliptic-lanceolate acute segments. Porter's Storax. Shrub. 25 S. FiNLAYS0NiA'NUM(_Wall. Cat. no. 4403.) downy like the last ; leaves elliptic-acuminated, quite entire, canescent beneath. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers fasciculated, ter- minal racemose. Leaves, green above. Calyx obsoletely 5- toothed. Corolla 5-6 cleft. Finlaysons Storax. Shrub. 26 S. serrula^tum (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 415.) leaves oblong acuminated, serrulated, glabrous, racemes terminal, simple, vil- lous ; branches pubescent at top, as well as the young leaves beneath. J; . S. Native of Chittagong. Cyrta, Ham. mss. 6 STYRACINE^. I. Styrax. HALESIACE.E. I. Halesia. Koom-jameva is the Bengaleese name of the tree. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla 6-cleft. Drupe 1-4-seeded. Serrulated-leaved storax. Shrub. 27 S. Benzoin (Dryand. in trans, roy. see. 77. p. 307. t. 12. Woodv. med. but. p. 200. t. 72.) leaves ovate-oblong, acumi- nated, glabrous above, but clothed with leprous tomentum be- neath, as well as the calyxes ; racemes compound almost the length of the leaves; flowers with 7-9-10-staniens. f; . S. Native of Sumatra and Java. Church. & Stev. med. bot. 3. 1. 112. Blum, bijdr. p. 671. Plench, icon. t. 342. Benjiii, Garc. in Cius. exot. p. 155. Arbor. Benzoini, Grim, in ephem. acad. nat. cur. dec. 2. aim. 1. p. 370, f. 31. Benzoin, Radermacher, in act. Soc. liatav. 3. p. 44. Laurus Benzoin Houtt. in act. harlem. vol. 21. p. 2(J5. t. 7. Benjamin or Benzoin, Marsden, Sumatra, p. 123. Luban is the Bengalese name of the resin. Leaves a hand long. Corolla white, downy outside ; segments linear. — Though Gar- cias, Grim and Sylvias were acquainted with the real tree from which Benzoin is collected, their descriptions are so imperfect that succeeding botanists have fallt n into many errors concern- ing it ; and it is remarkable that, although this drug was always imported from the East Indies, most of the later writers on the Materia Medica have conceived it to be collected from a species of Laurus, native of Virginia, to which, from this erroneous supposition, they have given the trivial name Benzoin. Linnaeus Mant. p. 297., seems to think that the drug is furnislied by the Croton Bentxbe, and afterwards, in the Supplementum Plantarum, p. 434, he describes the same plant again under the name of Terminalia Benzoin. Jacquin, who was informed that this shrub was called by the French, Bienjoint, may have occasioned the mistake, from the similar sound of the word. Mr. Dryander, however, in the year 1787, clearly proved it to be a species of Styrax. The tree is deemed in Sumatra to be of sufficient age in 6 years, or when the trunk is about 7 or 8 inches in dia- meter, to afford the Benzoin. The bark is then cut through longitudinally or somewhat obliquely, at the origin of the prin- cipal lower branches, from which the drug exudes in a liquid state, and by exposure to the sun and air soon concretes, when it is scraped off. The trees are not found to sustain the effects of these annual incisions longer than 10 or 12 years. The quantity each tree yields never exceeds 3 pounds. The Benzoin which issues first from the wounded bark is the purest, being soft, extremely fragrant, and very white ; that which is less esteemed is of a brownish colour, very hard, and mixed witii various impu- rities. In Arabia, Persia, and other parts of the East, the coarser sort is consumed in fumigating and perfuming temples, and in destroying insects. The Benzoin which we find here in the shops is in large brittle masses, composed partly of white, partly of yellowish or light brown ; that which is clearest and contains the most white matter, is accounted the best. This resin has very little taste, impressing on the palate only a slight sweet- ness ; its smell, especially when rubbed or heated, is extremely fragrant and agreeable. It totally dissolves in rectified spirit, the impurities excepted, into a deep yellow-red liquor, and in this state discovers a degree of warmth and pungency as well as sweetness. It imparts, by digestion, to water also, a consider- able share of its fragrance, and a slight pungency ; the filtered liquor, gently exhaled, leaves not a resinous or mucilaginous extract, but a crystalline matter, seemingly of a saline nature, amounting to one-tenth of an eighth of the weight of Benzoin. Exposed to the fire in proper vessels, it yields a quantity of white saline concrete, called Flores Benzoes, of an acidulous taste, and grateful odour, soluble in rectified spirit, and in water by the assistance of heat. As the trees which afford Storax and Benzoin, are species of the same genus, their products are very similar in their ex- ternal appearance, and not widely different in their sensible qualities ; it is therefore reasonable to suppose that they are ana- logous in their medicinal effects. Benzoin, however, though rarely employed in a simple state, has been frequently pre- scribed as a pectoral, and is recommended for inveterate coughs, asthmas, obstructions of the lungs, and all phthisical complaints, unattended by much fever ; it has also been used as a cosmetic, and in the way of fumigation for the resolution of indolent tumours. Dr. Cullen classes benzoin with the sti- mulants, and says that ihejlores benzoes, which is the only pre- paration employed, are manifestly a saline substance, of an acid kind, of considerable acrimony and stimulant power ; and although it has been recommended as a pectoral, he found it heating and hurtful in asthmatic cases in a dose of half a drachm. In the Pharmacopoeias the flowers are directed in the tinctura opii camphorala, and it is ordered in substance in the tinctura benzoes conqwsita. Benzoin Storax. Tree. Cult. The hardy species of Storax are proper plants for shrubberies, being very handsome when in flower. A light soil suits them best. The best way of increasing them is by layers put down in the autumn or spring. The stove and greenhouse species will grow freely in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and will be easily propagated by cuttings planted in sand, under a hand-glass ; those of the tropical species in heat. Order CLXII. HALESIA'CEjE (this order only contains the genus Haletia, or Snow-drop trees). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. dec. 1828. Symplocinese, part, of authors. Guaia- c^nse, part. Juss. 156. Calyx small, 4-toothed. Corolla monopetalous, ventricosely campanulate, with a 4-lobed, erect border. Stamens 12-16 ; filaments combined into a tube at the base, and adnate to the corolla ; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise. Ovarium inferior. Style 1 ; stigma simple. Drupe dry, corticate, oblong, with 2-4-winged angles, terminated by the permanent style : containing a 2-4-celled putaraen, which is acute at both ends; cells 1 -seeded ; seeds attached to the bottom of the cells ; testa of seeds simple, very thin. Embryo length of albumen, with linear-oblong cotyledons ; and a long, linear, compressed inferior radicle. Albumen fleshy. — Trees with alternate, serrated leaves ; and lateral fascicles of pedicellate, drooping, white flowers. This order comeS nearest to Symplocinece, from which it differs in the inferior ovarium, in the fruit being a hard, dry, winged nut, and in the corolla being more decidedly monopetalous. I. HALE' SI A (so named by Ellis in honour of the learned and venerable Stephen Hales, D.D. F.R.S., author of Veget- able Staticks in 1722). Ellis in Lin. gen. no. 596. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 160. t. 32. Juss. gen. 156. Lin. syst. Dodecandria, Monogynia. Character the same as the order. 1 H. tetra'ptera (Lin. spec. 636. Ellis in phil. trans, vol. 51. p. 931. t. 22. f. A.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated ; petioles glandular ; fruit with 4 wings. \} . H. Native of South Carolina, along the banks of rivers. Curt. bot. mag. 910. Lodd. bot. cab. 1173. Cav. diss. 6. p. 338. t. 186. Lam. ill. 404. Leaves acuminated, with the middle depressed. Flowers pure white, 9-10 in a fascicle, drooping, resembling those of the snow-drop. The wood is hard and veined ; the bark is of a darkish colour, with many irregular fissures. Four'winged-ivvMeA Halesia, or Common Snow-drop Tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1756. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 2 H. PARviFLOKA (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 2. p. 40.) leaves MYRSINEACE^. ovate-oblong, acute, nearly entire ; flowers octandrous ; fruit clavate, sliglitly 4-winged. h . H. Native of Florida. Ker. bot. rcg. t. 952. Leaves downy, glaucous beneath. Racemes panicled. Flowers white, drooping. Calycine teeth ovate. .S'm«//;^OH'ert>rf Snow-drop-lree. Fl. May. CIt. 1802. Tree 10 feet. 3 H. DiPTERA (Lin. spec. G36.) leaves ovate, acute, serrated ; petioles smooth and even ; pedicels elongated ; fruit with 2 large opposite wings and 2 obsolete ones. T; . H. Native of Georgia and Carolina, in shady places on the banks of rivers. Cav. diss. 6. p. ,'338. t. 187. Lodd. bot. cab. 1172. Flowers oc- tandrous. Leaves much larger than those of either of the pre- ceding species. Tn>o-n'inged-{rmted Snow-drop-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1758. Tree 10 feet. Cult. The species of Snow-drop-tree are well fitted for shrublieries and lawns, on account of the profusion of early snow- drop-like blossoms which they bear. They will grow in any common soil, and are to be increased by slips of the root and by seeds. Order CXLIIL MYRSINEA^CE^E (this order contains plants agreeing with Myrsine in important characters). Myr- sineae, R. Br. prod. p. 533. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 100. ArdisiacesB, Juss. ann. mus. 15. p. 349. Ophiospermse, Vent. eels. p. 86. Sapotae, part. Juss. gen. p. 168. Calyx permanent, 4-5-lobed (f. 3. a. f. 4. a.). Corolla ga- mopetalous (f. 4. h. f. 5. h.), rarely polypetalous, regular ; lobes or petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx. Sta- mens equal in number to the lobes of the corolla, inserted in its base (f. 4. 6.), and opposite the lobes, free from each other or combined. Pollen ovoid-globose, smooth. Ovarium free or adhe- rent, 1 -celled; ovula immersed in the central placenta. Style 1. Drupe or berry 1 or many-seeded. Albumen horny, conforming to the seed, or deficient. Cotyledons short. Plumule inconspicuous or very short. — ^Trees, shrubs, or subshrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely almost opposite or subverticillate, simple, entire, or toothed. Flowers axillary, pedunculate, or sessile, with inde- finite centripetal floration. All the parts are more or less fur- nished with resinous matter, which appears in dots. The hairs are simple or stellate, usually rising from cells, generally very short ; on the peduncles, calyxes, and lower surface of the leaves they are most frequent ; in most of the species the situation form, and number are variable. The plants contained in this order are mostly inhabitants of the warmer regions of Asia and America, but never beyond the 39th degree of latitude. The order is intermediate between SapotecE and PrlmulacecB. Sapotcce differs from it in the whorl of stamens being alternate with the lobes of the corolla ; and from Primulacece in the fruit being indehiscent, and in habit. The MyrshiecB have more or less a disposition to produce a resinous substance, which appears as dots in different parts of the plant, chiefly on the leaves, flowers, and berries. It may be seen also in the hard wood of Myrsine and /Eg'iceras ; these dots are dark or light brown, reddish, orange, or yellow ; they vary in size, shape, and position in different species. Alphonse de Candolle supposes the styptic taste of the fruit of Embelia Ribes to depend very much upon the quantity, and some pecu- liar quality, of this resinous substance. Synopsis of the genera. Tribe I. jEgice're^. Flowers pentamerous. Filaments connate at the base. Ovarium superior, many-seeded. Stigma simple. Drupe long, cylindrical, follicular, 1-seeded, Albumen none. Embryo erect. 1 jEgi'ceras. Characters the same as the tribe. Tribe IL AKDisiE'iE. Calyx and corolla 4-5-lobcd (f. 3. a. b. f. 4. «. b. f. 5. a. b.). Stamens usually free. Ovarium superior, many- seeded. Drupe or berry globose, 1-seeded. Albumen horny. Embryo transverse. 2 Walle'nia. Calyx and corolla tubular, 4-lobed ; filaments connate at the base ; anthers ovoid. Stigma dot-formed. 3 Weige'ltia, Calyx and corolla 4-parted. Filaments free ; anthers ovoid. Style short. 4 Conomorpha. Calyx and corolla 4»cleft, funnel-shaped ; filaments free, inserted in the upper part of the corolla ; anthers ovate-triangular. Stigma simple. 5 Cybia'nthus. Calyx and corolla 4-cleft, rotate ; filaments very short ; anthers oblong, opening by 2 pores at top. Stigma sessile, sub-capitate. 6 My'rsine. Calyx and corolla 4-6-lobed (f. 3. a. "), chone, a funnel, and jjLopipr), morphe, form ; in reference to the shape of the corolla). Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 102. — Wallenia spec. Mart, nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 89. — Conostylus, Pohl. in litt. to D.C. LiN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx and corolla 4- cleft, funnel-shaped. Stamens 4, one half shorter than the co- rolla ; filaments inserted in the upper part of the tube of the corolla, very short, free ; anthers erect, ovate-triangular, in- closed, fixed by the base ; having the cells dehiscing length- wise. Ovarium conical in the abortive flowers, and nearly glo- bose in the fertile flowers. Style short ; stigma simple. Drupe 1-seeded. — Small, American trees. Leaves alternate, entire, full of dots, coriaceous, varying in size on the same branch. Racemes axillary ; pedicels alternate, short, in the axils of the bracteas. Flowers probably polygamous, the ovarium not always being perfect. 1 C. OBLONGiFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 103.) Icaves oblong; peduncles shorter than the petioles. H . S. Native of Brazil. Conostylus oblongifolius, Pohl. ined. Branches slender, gla- brous. Leaves oblong or obovate, 3-4 inches long, 12-15 lines broad, obtuse, or acute, beset with blackish dots. Peduncles many-flowered. Bracteas ovate, obtuse. Lobes of calyx and corolla ovate, acute, glabrous. Corolla whitish, funnel-sliaped. Oblong-lcavcd Conomorpha. Tree small. 2 C. LAxiFLORA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate or oblong, bluntish, cuneated towards the base ; racemes nearly equal, length of leaves, pendulous ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, acumin- ated ; calycine segments triangular, a little ciliated ; corolla campanulate, having the lobes reflexed at the apex. Ij . S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon. Wallenia laxiflora, Mart. nov. gen. 3. p. 89. Flowers white? Loose-Jlomered Conomorpha. Tree small. Cult. See Ardisia, p. 20., for culture and propagation. V. CYBIA'NTHUS (from KvjioQ, kyhos, a square, and avOoc, anthos, flower ; square form of corollas). Mart. nov. gen. 3. p. 87. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 103. LiN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia, Calyx deeply 4-cleft. Corolla 4-cleft, rotate, flat, making the circumference nearly square : having the lobes as well as the calyx marked with dots and immersed glandular lines. Stamens 4 ; filaments very short ; anthers nearly sessile, oblong, erect, opening by 2 pores at the apex. Ovarium superior, minute (abortive ?), depressedly glo- MYRSINEACE^. V. Cybianthus. VI. Myrsine. bose. Stigma sessile, sub-capitate. Ovula erect, jirobably numerous. Drupe 1 -seeded. ? — Small trees, natives of Brazil. Leaves scattered, but approximate towards the extremities of the branches, petiolate, beset with gland-like tubercles. Flowers small, unibracteate, disposed in axillary erectish or drooping racemes. Lobes of corolla, but particularly those of the calyx, fringed with hairs. 1 C. PENDULiNUS (Mart. nov. gen. bras, 3. p. 87. t. 230.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, glabrous ; petioles pilose at the base ; racemes loose, pendulous, about equal in length to the leaves, downy ; calycine segments acute. 1; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro. Flowers white. Drooping Cybianthus. Tree. 2 C. cuNEiFOLius (Mart. 1. c. p. 88.) leaves broad-lanceo- late, acute, tapering much to the base, glabrous ; petioles pilose ; racemes spreading, downy, 3 times shorter than the leaves ; calvcine segments bluntish, ^. S. Native of Brazil, near Sebastionople. Flowers white. Wedge-leaved Cybianthus. Tree. 3 C. PRiNciPis (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 104) leaves lanceolate, attenuate at tiie apex and bluntish ; panicles axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves ; peduncles spreading, an- gular ; flowers somewhat fascicled at the apex ; segments of corolla oblong, reflexed. t; . S. Native of Brazil, at the river Uheos, where it was collected by Prince Ntuweid. Wallenia angustifolia, Nees. et Mart, beitr. zur. fl. bras, in nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 87. Flowers white. Prince Neuweid's Cybianthus. Tree. 4 C. HuMBOLDTii (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumi- nate, undulately ciliated, glabrous, shining above ; panicles ter- minal, simple ; flowers disposed in fascicular umbels ; segments of corolla oblong, obtuse, revolute. fj . S. Native of New Granada, on the Andes, about Quindiu, at the altitude of about 1 200 hexapods. Flowers pedicellate, 3-5 in a fascicle. Berries red. Ardisia tetrandra, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 243. Habit of Ardisia crenata. Humboldt's Cybianthus. Tree 15-20 feet. Cull. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. VL MY'RSINE (fivpawr], myrsine, the Greek name of Myrrh). Lin. gen. ed. 1. p. 54. no. 269. Juss. gen. 152. Gajrtn. fruct. t. 59. R. Br. prod. p. 5'iS. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans 17. p. 104. — Rapanea, Aubl.guian. 1. p. 121. — Caballeria, Ruiz, et Pav. prod. fl. per. p. 141. — Manglilla, Juss. gen. 152. Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. — Athrurophy'Uum, Lour. coch. 148. — Sideroxylon, Scleroxylon, Samara, Rcemeria, Chrysophyllum, species of authors. LiN. sYST. Tetra-Hexandria Monogynia, or Polygamia Dioecia. Calyx and corolla 4-5-6-lobed (f. 3. a. d.) ; lobes of corolla imbricate in aestivation. Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the corolla, free ; filaments very short, inserted in the tube of the corolla ; anthers usually almost sessile, erect, acute : having the cells dehiscing lengthwise. Ovarium with an indefinite number of ovula, 4-5, ex R. Br. Style short, usually caducous ; stigma fringed, or lobed, or simple. Drupe, or berry, pea- formed, 1 -seeded. — Trees, or small shrubs, with alternate leaves. F"lowers polygamous or hermaphrodite, sessile, or on very sliort pedicels, in fascicles ; fascicles axillary, more or less covered by imbricate, obtuse, permanent bracteas. This is a very polymorphous genus, distinguished by its peculiar inflo- rescence readier than by any other character. * Stigma fringed or lobed. 1 M. Urvillei (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 105.) gla- brous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, entire, full of pellucid dots ; flowers almost sessile, fascicled, pentandrous, polygamous ; lobes of VOL. IV. calyx small, tooth-formed ; anthers sessile, ovoid. I^ . G. Native of New Zealand, in Tasman's Bay, and Cook's Strait. Leaves 1-2 inches long, obtuse, and somewhat emarginate, mem- branous, covered with yellow dots. Bracteas a little ciliated. Corolla 5-parted ; glabrous, hardly a line long. Berry ovoid. D' Urville's Myrsine. Shrub. 2 M. Africa'na (Lin. spec. 285) glabrous; leaves elliptic, serrated, acute, dotted ; flowers axillary, by threes, pentandrous, polygamous ; segments of corolla ciliated ; corolla full of testa- ceous dots ; calycine segments obovate. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. glabra, Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 282. — Comm. hort 1. p. 123. t. 164. — Pluk. phyt. t. 80. f. 5. — Breyn. cent. 9. t. 5. Flowers on short pedicels, pale. Berries blue, dotted. Stigma panicled. Far. /3, retiisa (Alph. D. C. FIG. 3. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 105.) leaves obovate, obtuse, cmarginately toothletted at top. (j . G. Na- tive of the Azores. M. retiisa, Ait. hort. kew. l.p. 271. Vent, eels. t. 86. — M. scabra, Gasrtn. fruct. 1 . p. 1 82. Berries size of red currants, rugged from small tubercles, with a straw- coloured rind. Cultivated since 1788, and flowers in June. jp» (f-3.). '^f African Mvrsine. Fl. Mar. "j May. Clt. 1691. Shrub 3-6 feet. 3 M. bif/Cria (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 296.) branches and petioles villous; leaves small, lanceolate, cuspidately serrated, cuneated and entire at the base, glabrous, dotted ; flowers almost sessile, tetrandrous, polygamous, in axillary fascicles ; calycine segments lanceolate, ciliated ; filaments very short ; anthers large, exserted. f; . G. Native of Nipau), from Hetounra to the valley, and on the surrounding mountains. It is also a native of Kamaon and Shreenagur. A large shrub, w ith hardly any defined stem. Leaves bifarious, coriaceous. Flowers white, tinged with pink, 5 or 6 in a .ascicle, besprinkled vvitii copious brown elevated dots. Stigma warted. Drupe round, and about the size of a coriander seed. i?(/arwM4-leaved Myrsine. Fl. Dec. March. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 feet. 4 M. suBSPiNosA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 147.) leaves lanceo- late, acuminated, stiff, glabrous, spinulosely serrated ; flower- dioecious, tetrandrous, in sessile axillary umbellate downy fascicles, tj . G. Native of Nepaul, at Narainhetty, where it is called Mina Bocoshi by the natives. Samara subspinosa, Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don. 1. c. Subspinose-\ea.veA Myrsine. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. 5 M. se'ssius (D. Don, 1. c. p. 146.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, shining, denticulated at the apex ; flowers hermaphrodite, tetrandrous, in sessile umbellate axillary fasci- cles ; stigma 2-lobed. fj . G. Native of Nipaul, in woods, at Narainhetty. Samikra sessilis, Hamilt. mss. Sessile-dowereA Myrsine. Fl. Oct. Shrub. 6 M. semiserra'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 293. tent. fl. nep. 1. p. 34, with a figure) leaves dense, linear, or linear lan- ceolate, sharply serrulated from the middle to the apex ; flowers tetrandrous and pentandrous, polygamous, pedicellate, 6-12 in a fascicle ; teeth of calyx lanceolate, acute, ciliated ; stigma uni- lateral, fringed, 3-lobed. Pj . G. Native throughout Nipaul, where it is called, in Newar language, Bilsee, Beresse, and Afl/(- katha. A branchy tree. Branches dotted. Leaves besprinkled with reddish resinous dots, coriaceous, from 3 to 5 inches long. C 10 MYRSINEACEjE. VI. MvRsiNE. Corolla pale pink. Drupe size of a pea, round, smooth and shining ; flesh soft and pulpy. The wood of this tree is of a chocolate colour, radiated, compact, and heavy ; it is much es- teemed by the hill people for various carpenter's work. They eat the ripe fruit. 7/a//-sc)Ta;fc/-leaved Myrsine. Fl. Dec. March. Clt. 1822. Tree ."JO-iO feet. 7 M. varia'bilis (R. Br. prod. p. 532. Sieb.pl. exsic. nov. holl. no. 262.) leaves obovate, oblong, entire, or toothed ; flowers in umbellate sessile fascicles ; pedicels glabrous ; flowers tetran- drous and pentandrous, polygamous ; anthers sessile. ^ . G. Native of New South Wales. Fariable Myrsine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 8 M. iiRCEOLATA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, quite entire ; flowers in axillary sessile umbels ; pedicels gla- brous ; flowers tetrandrous, polygamous ; corolla of the male flowers urceolate ; stamens inclosed. Ij . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. i/rceo/a/e-flowered Myrsine. Shrub. 9 M. CRAssiFOLiA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate, coriaceous, entire ; flowers axillary, aggregate, almost sessile. I? . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic ; and of Norfolk Island. Endlicher, prod. fl. ins. norf. p. 48. Bauer, ill. ins. norf t. 124. Leaves 2 or 21 inches long. Thick-leaved Myrsine. Shrub. 10 M. exce'lsa (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 147) leaves lan- ceolate, acute, quite entire, glabrous, attenuated at the base ; flowers dioecious, pentandrous ; umbels sessile, glomerate, woolly ; lobes of stigma oblong. ^ . G. Native of Nipaul, in woods.- Tall Myrsine. Tree 30-40 feet. 11 M. CAPiTELLA^TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 295.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, coriaceous ; flowers pen- tandrous, polygamous, sessile: in beads, from the axils of the fallen leaves, in which case they appear lateral ; calycine teeth ovate-acute ; anthers oblong, large. H . G. Native of Nipaul, where it is called, in the Newar language, BhoolluBilloo. Branches angular. Leaves 5-7 inches long, copiously dotted. Flowers greenish, with copious resinous elevated brown dots ; estivation valvate. Calyx urceolate. Corolla with lanceolate-recurved segments and short tube. Stigma slightly 2-lobed. Drupes like those of ^L semiserrata, but smaller. Var. ft, paivifblia (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 106) leaves smaller ; heads few-flowered. T; . G. Native of Silhet. M. lanceolata. Wall. cat. no. 2297. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers scattered. Small-hcadcd Myrsine. Fl. Dec. March. Clt. 1822. Tree 30-10 feet. 12 M. LuciDA (Wall. cat. no. 2298.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous, with dotted margins ; flowers lateral, in fascicles, pentandrous, polygamous 1 calycine lobes ovate, acute, a little ciliated. fj . G. Native of the Burman Empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Branches brown. Leaves 4-5 inches long, acuminated or bluntish, coriaceous. Berries globose, deep purple. ShiningAeaxeA. Myrsine. Tree small. 13 M. Porteria'na (Wall. cat. no. 6525. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 106.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, entire ; flowers sessile, glomerate, few, pentandrous, polygamous ? ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, ciliated. Ij . G. Native of Penang. Branches with white dots, leafy at top. Leaves 1^ to 2 inches long, beset with depressed dots beneath. Porter's Myrsine. Tree small. 14 M. Wighiia\va (Wall. cat. no. 2300. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire, scabrous from dots; flowers few, sessile, pentandrous, polygamous ? ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, ciliated, h . G. Native of the East Indies. Branches inflated at the origin of the leaves and flowers. Leaves approximate at the tops of the branches, 2-3 inches long, some- times obtuse, coriaceous, beset with elevated dots. Wight's Myrsine. Tree. 15 M. linea'ris (Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 709.) leaves linear, quite entire, flat, shining, crowded at the tops of the branches ; flowers pentandrous, in fascicles. ^ . G. Native of Cochin China, in woods. M. athrurophy'llum, R. Br. Athrurophy'llum lineare. Lour. coch. p. 148. Flowers small, whitish red. iHit'«r-leaved Myrsine. Tree tall. 16 M. MiTis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 663.) glabrous; leaves ob- long, acute at both ends ; flowers lateral, sessile, aggregate, pentandrous ; lobes of calyx roundish, obtuse ; corolla rotate, with oblong, obtuse, concave segments; stigma sessile. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sideroxylon mite, Lin. syst. p. 193. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 249. Scleroxylon mite, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1089. Sideroxylon mas inerme. Mill. fig. t. 299. Manglilla Milleriana, Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. Chrysophyllum Millerianum, Lam. ill. no. 2477. In Miller's figure the peduncles are lateral and axillary, cymose. il/iW Myrsine. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1692. Shrub 6 -feet. 17 M. melanophle'os (R. Br. prod. p. 533.) glabrous; leaves elliptic or lanceolate-oblong, bluntish ; flowers axillary, aggregate, on short angular pedicels, pentandrous. 't • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sideroxylon melanophleum, Lin. mant. p. 48. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. p. 89. t. 71.— Burra. afr. 238. t. 84. f. 2.— Comm. hort. 1. p. 195. t. 109. Manglilla melanophleos, Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. Chrysophyllum melano- phleum. Lam. diet. Scleroxylon melanophleum, Willd. enum. 1. p. 249. Rcemeria melanophl^a, Thunb. nov. gen. in Rcem. arch. 2. B. p. 1. Flowers hermaphrodite. Black-jmper Uyxsme. Fl. ?. Clt. 1783. Shrub, 18 M. Sama'ra (R. Br. 1. c. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 511) leaves elliptic ; flowers pentandrous, in small corymbs. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Samara pentandra. Ait. hort. kevv. 1. p. 160. Willd. spec. 1. p. 665. Flowers small. Branches leafy at top. ^'cTJHara Myrsine. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1770. Shrub. 19 M. ave'nis (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 107.) leaves lanceolate, bluntish at the apex, narrowed at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous, nearly veinless ; flowers in axillary and lateral fascicles ; calycine teeth acute. ^; . S. Native of Java, on the top of Mount Burangrang. Ardisia avenis, Blume, bijdr. t. 691. Veinless Myrsine. Tree 20 feet. 20 M. Madagascarie'nsis (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, glabrous, coriaceous, thick, beset with black dots beneath ; flowers in fascicles, pentandrous, polygamous. ? caly- cine lobes ovate, a little ciliated ; berries globose, pedicellate. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Leaves 2-4 inches long, emar- ginate, attenuated into the petioles. Pedicels three lines long. Madagascar Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 21 M. Rapa'nea (R. Br. prod. 533. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 509.) glabrous; leaves obovate, entire, fidl of ex- cavated dots on both surfaces : flowers pentandrous, male and hermaphrodite, in axillary and lateral fascicles ; corolla white ; calycine segments ovate, acute. ^ . .S. Native of French Guiana, Island of Trinidad ; and about Bahia, in Brazil. Rapanea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 121. t. 46. Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 262. Lam. ill. t. 121, f. 1. Samara pen- tandra, Swartz, descr. 262. but not of Ait. Samara floribiinda, Willd. spec. 1. p. 665. Caballeria coriacea, Meyer, esseq. p. 118. Berries globose, violaceous, size of a grain of pepper. Flowers white. Leaves 4-5 inches long. Rapanea Myrsine. Shrub 5-Q feet. 22 M. coria'cea (R. Br. prod. p. 533. Ra:m. et Schultes, MYRSINEACEiE. VI. Myrsine. 11 syst. 4. p. 509.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, coriaceous ; flowers pentanilrous, liermaphrodite, ? sessile, in axillary fascicles. y^ . S. Native of Jamaica, Cuba, and Porto Rico. Samara coriicea, Swartz, prod. 33. descr. 2(31. Willd. spec. 1. p. 665. C'or(nceo!;i-leaved Myrsine. Fl. Nov. Feb. Clt. 1770. Tree. 23 JM. Florida'na (Alpli. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 107.) glabrous ; leaves oval-oblong, entire, coriaceous, dotted beneath ; fascicles few-flowered, but numerous ; flowers pentandrous ; calyx 5-parted. f; . G. Native of Florida. Sideroxylon punctatum, Lam. ill. no. 2'160. ? Bumelia punctata, Roem. et Scbultes, syst. 4. p. 498. ? Branches beset with ovate white warts. Leaves 2-3 inches long, obtuse or acutish, shining above, dotted. Berries globose, spotted. Allied to M. Manglilla, but the leaves are more oblong, and on shorter petioles ; and to M. cor'tacea, from which it differs in the larger leaves, which are never emarginate ; oval-oblong, not cuneate-oblong, &c. Florida Myrsine. Shrub. 24 M. jNIanglilla (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 509. ex R. Br. prod. 533.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, obtuse, white beneath; fascicles axillary and lateral, on short pedicels ; calycine seg- ments ovate. I; . G. Native of Peru, about Lima. Sider- oxylon Manglillo, Lam. diet. 1. p. 245. Manglilla, Juss. gen. 151. JNIanglilla Peruviana, Gmel, syst. p. 398. Scleroxylon Manglillo, Willd. mag. 3. p. 59. Duhamelia Manglillo, Uombey. Caballeria oblonga, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. 1. p. 280. Manglilla Jussieui, Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. Chrysophy'Uum Manglilla, Lam. ill. 2. p. A5. Bumelia Manglilla, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1087. Manglilla Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 25 M. Trinitatis (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 108.) leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, glabrous, entire, dotted be- neath ; fascicles few-flowered ; flowers small, pedicellate, pen- tandrous. Tj . S. Native of Trinidad. M. coriacea, Sieb. pi. exsic. trin. no. 50. and 302. Extremities of the branches rusty, and rather velvety. Leaves 1-2 inches long, paler and dotted beneath. Calycine lobes small, lanceolate. This species differs from M. coriacea in the acute leaves and smaller glabrous flowers. Trinidad Myrsine. Tree or shrub. 26 M. sALiciFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, entire ; petioles pilose ; fascicles many-flowered ; flowers pentandrous ; calycine lobes ciliated ; berries globose, marked with oblong spots. f; . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Bumelia salicifolia, Bert. ined. in herb. Balb. Branches dotted, velvety at top. Leaves 1|- to 2 inches long, firm, paler and dotted beneath. Calycine segments ovate-oblong, marked with yellow oblong spots. Style short, obtuse. Very nearly allied to M. Trinitatis. Willow-leaved Myrsine. Tree or shrub. 27 M. Berte~rii (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 109.) branches pube- rulous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish, entire, glabrous above, puberulous beneath and on the petioles ; flowers nearly sessile, rather velvety, pentandrous ; lobes of calyx and corolla obtuse. ^7 . S. Native of Hispaniola. Sideroxylon Mastichodendron, Balb. in herb. D. C. Branches and petioles as if they were covered with powder. Leaves 2 inches long, narrowed into the petioles. Flowers 4-5 in each fascicle. Berry globose, gla- brous, terminated by the trimcate style. This species conies very near M. salicifolia, but the leaves are a little smaller, less acute, and are downy beneath, as well as the branches, petioles, and flowers. Bertero's Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 28 M. FERRLGiNEA (Sprcng. syst. 1. p. C64) leaves lanceo- late, acute, quite entire, coriaceous, rather pilose ; flowers in fascicles, on short pedicels, hermaphrodite, pentandrous ; lobes of calyx and corolla acute; stigma 2-lobed. fj . G. Native of Peru, in mountain groves. Caballeria ferruginea, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. 1. p. 210. Branches rather pilose. Leaves 2i inches long, rusty and dotted beneath : having the petioles, and central nerve rufous and velvety. Calyx snioothish. Berry spotted much. Rusty Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 29 M. rufe'scens (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 109.) branches and nerves of leaves dotted with rufescent velvety down ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire, on long petioles ; flowers tetrandrous ; stigma 2-lobed, thickisli. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the woods of Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro. Branches twiggy. Leaves 2-3 inches long, pale and dotted beneath. Flowers in i"ascicles at the base of the branches. Berry globose, full of elongated marks. Rufescent Myrsine. Shrub. 30 M. LATiFOLiA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. G64.) leaves oblong, quite entire, dotted on both surfaces ; flowers numerous, pentan- drous, conglomerate. ^ . G. Native of Peru, in the woods of Muna and Pillao. Caballeria latifolia, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. 1. p. 279. Broad-leaved Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 31 M. pellu'cida (Spreng. 1. c.) leaves obovate-oblong, dotted ; dots pellucid, roundish on the upper surface, but linear on the under: flowers pentandrous, aggregate. Tj . G. Native of Peru, on the mountains, in woods. Caballeria pelliicida, Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. Pellucid-AotteCi Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 32 M, denta'ta (Spreng. 1. c ) branches dependent ; leaves crovfded, ovate and cordate, upper ones dentated ; flowers race- mose, pentandrous ; style long ; stigma depressed. >2 . G. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Caballeria dentata, Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c.p. 281. yoo^/i-leaved Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 33 M. VENOsissiMA (Spreng. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, full of pellucid dots ; flowers aggregate, pentan- drous. It • G. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Caballeria venosissima, Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 282. Very veiny-\ea.vei\ Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 34 M. depe'ndens (Spreng. 1. c.) branches dependent, vel- vety ; leaves crowded, broad-elliptic, retuse or mucronulated, entire, ciliated, shining above, full of dots beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary or twin, on short pedicels, tetrandrous ; calycine segments ovate, acute ; lobes of corolla oblong, twice as long as the calyx. Ij . G. Native of Peru, on the higher mountains ; and on Silla de Caraccas. Caballeria dependens, Ruiz et Pav. syst. I. p. 281. Caballeria myrtifolia, Deless. herb, ex Ruiz, et Pav. Myrsine ciliJita, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 3. p. 248. t. 245. Leaves 4-6 lines long. Stigma capitate. Berry ovate- globose, spotted with black. Hanging-hxanched Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 35 M. Popaye'nsis (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 249.) leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, bluntish, quite entire, revolute at the base, glabrous and shining above, but clothed with fine down or hairs beneath ; umbels or fascicles axillary, sessile ; flowers on short pedicels, pentandrous ; calycine lobes ovate-acute, a little ciliated ; stigma pentagonal, f; . G. Native of New Granada, near Popayan, in mountainous places. Sa- mara myricoides, Room, et Schultes, mant. 3. p. 294. ex Kunth. in Linnaea. 1830. p. 367. Branches downy, clothed with rusty tomentum while young ; segments of corolla marked with black lines, oblong, acute. Flowers white. Anthers yellow. Popayan Myrsine. Tree 20 feet. 36 M. MYRICOIDES (Schlecht. in Linnsea, 8. p. 525.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated into the petioles, with revolute edges, smoothish and shining above, but paler beneath, and clothed with soft down ; nerves prominent beneath, and are, as 12 MYRSINEACE^. VI. Myrsine. VII. Badula. well as the petioles, young branches, and buds, beset with more dense rusty down ; flowers aggregate on short pedicels. Tj . G. Native of Mexico, at Jalapa. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and S-10 lines broad. Fruit small, globose, bluntly mucronate, seated on the 5-cleft stellate calyx, marked with lines, brownish. Calycine segments slightly ciliated. Stigma pentagonal. Myrica-Uke Myrsine. Fl. March, May. Shrub. * * Stigma simple. 37 M. ARDisioiDES (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 249.) leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated, cuneated at the base, quite entire, membranous, glabrous ; corymbs axillary, sessile, few-flowered ; pedicels glabrous ; flowers pentandrous ; calycine segments roundish-ovate, obtuse, dotted with glands. \ . G. Native of Peru. Branches glabrous, brown. Leaves 4-3 lines long. Fascicles 6-7-flowered. Corolla white ?, with revolute, ovate, obtuse segments, which are full of glandular dots. Berries dry, depressedly globose. Ardiaia-Uke Myrsine. Tree small. 38 M. PENDULiFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, icon. fl. max. ined. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 110.) glabrous; leaves ovate, bluntish, entire, narrowed into the petioles ; umbels axillary, pen- dulous, one-half shorter than the petioles ; flowers pentandrous ; teeth of calyx ovate, acute, small; lobes of corolla ovate, acute, 3 times as large as the calyx ; anthers lanceolate, sessile, inserted in the middle of the lobes of the corolla, and shorter than them ; style acute, inclosed ; berry globose. Tj . G. Native of Mexico. Leaves an inch long. Flowers either solitary, or 2-5 in a fascicle. Corolla pale red. Pendidous-Jiowered Myrsine. Tree or shrub. 39 M. Canarie'nsis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 663.) leaves oval- oblong, bluntish, almost sessile, large, glabrous, coriaceous, entire ; flowers axillary, in fascicles, sessile ; calyx .5-6-toothed ; corolla 5-6-cleft : having the lobes linear-lanceolate; stamens inclosed, inserted in the middle of the corolla; anthers acute; style inclosed, acuminated. Ij . G. Native of TeneriflPe. Scleroxylon Canariense, Willd. mag. berol. nat. freund. 3. p. 52. !Manglilla Canariensis, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 505. Branches spotted with white. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 2-4 broad. Flowers 3-8 in a fascicle. Lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse, a little ciliated. Berry globose. There are varieties of this having the leaves more or less full of pellucid dots, which are either round or oblong. Flowers whitish. f'o wo-)/ Island Myrsine. FL? Clt. 1820. Tree 30-40 feet. 40 M. pachysa'ndra (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2, p. 297. cat. no. 2284.) branches velvety ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, entire, dotted, glabrous above, rather pilose beneath, having the lateral nerves arched ; flowers fascicled, pedicellate, hermaphro- dite, pentandrous; calycine lobes ovate, ciliated ; corolline lobes reflexed ; anthers large, triangular, connate at the time of flowering ; style acuminated. f; . S. Native of Penang and Singapore. This is an anomalous species : the dots on the leaves and flowers are more like those of Ardisia than Myrsine ; but the inflorescence is that of Myrsine, The alabastrum is spirally twisted, and the aestivation imbricate. Perhaps a new genus. Thick-anlhered Myrsine. Tree small. -j~ Species unknown, or very doubtful. 41 M. sca'bra (Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 282.) Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps the same as M. Africana, var. /3, retusa. Scabrous Myrsine. Shrub 3-6 feet. 42 M. hJETA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 112) leaves ovate, obtuse, or lanceolate-elliptic, even on both sides ; flowers fascicled, pedicellate, hardly longer than the petioles. ^ . S. Native of the West Indies. Samara lae'ta, Lin. mant. 199. syst. 159. Swartz, prod. 151. Memfecylon umbellatum, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 469. Burm. ind. 87. fl. zeyl. 76. t. 31. Branches purplish. Flowers numerous, yellow. /o!//m/ Myrsine. Shrub 6-10 feet. 43 M. MYRTiFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) Icaves elliptic, acute ; flowers white. I^ . G. Native of South America. Samara myrtifolia. Room, et Schultes, mant. 3. p. 220. This plant is entirely unknown to Kunth, see Linnsea, 1830. p. 376. It is perhaps the same as M. dejiendens, which is inarked Caballeria myrtifolia in Deless. herb. Myrtle-leaved Myrsine. Shriib or tree. 44 M. SALiGNA (Alph, D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, narrowed at the base, clothed with rufous tomentum on the middle nerve beneath, as well as the petioles and branches ; flowers pentandrous. Tj . G. Native of South America. Samara saligna, Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, mant. 3. p. 220. This species is also unknown to Kunth. see Linnsea. 1830, p. 367. Flowers sometimes tetrandrous and hexandrous. Willowy Myrsine. Shrub or tree. Cult. The species of this genus grow well in any light rich soil, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings, not too ripe, root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them : those of the tropical species require a little heat. VII. BA'DULA (a name used by Burman, in his Flora Zey- lanica.) Juss. gen. 420, exclusive of the syn. Burm. zeyl. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 1 12. Barthesia, Comm. in herb. mus. par. Anguillaria species. Lam. ill. Myrsine species, Roem. et Schultes, syst. vol. 4. Lin. syst. Pentdndria Monogynia. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 4. a.). Corolla 5-cleft (f. 4. 6.). Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla ; anthers almost sessile, acute, free, 2-celled (f. 4. d.); cells burst- ing by a longitudinal chink. Style shorter than the stamens ; stigma thick, capitate or obscurely-lobed (f. 4. c). Berry glo- bose.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, dotted. In- florescence like that of Ardisia, that is, the pedicels are ap- proximate or umbellate at the extremities of the peduncles. The species are all natives of the Mauritius or Bourbon. 1 B. wicra'ntiia (Al])h. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 112.) peduncles velvety ; leaves broad-oblong, obtuse, glabrous ; panicles terminal, pyramidal, many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers small, velvety ; alabastra globose. Ij . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon and the Mauritius. Leaves 1 i- to 2 inches long, dotted. Lobes of calyx small, acute ; those of the corolla ovate, obtuse. Stigma obtuse. SmaU-fowcred Badula. Shrub or tree. 2 B. Bartiie'sia (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 113.) leaves lanceo- late, acutish, tapering a long way at the base, glabrous, thin, dotted ; peduncles racemose, many-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves ; calycine lobes obtuse, ciliated ; anthers acute; stigma capitate, obscurely-lobed. I; . S. Native of the Mauri- tius. Barthesia, Comm. in herb. mus. par. Badula, Juss. gen. p. 240. Anguillaria Barthesia, Lam. ill. no. 2742. Myrsine Barthesia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 507. Bark of branches yellow. Leaves half a foot long, besprinkled with reddish dots. Corolla white. Barthesia Badula. Shrub or tree. 3 B. insula'ris (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, coriaceous ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; pedicels alternate ; calyx 5-parted ; alabastra ovate ; stigma obtuse. Tj . S. Native of the Isle of Bourbon or the Mauritius. Branches rusty. Leaves 1-3 inches long. Lobes of calyx acute, ciliated a little. Island Badula. Shrub or tree. MYRSINEACEiE. VII. Badula. VIII. Oncostemum. IX. Ardisia. 13 4 B. Siebe'rii (Alph. D. C. 1. c. t. 5.) leaves obovate, obtuse, petiolate, full of pellucid (lots, glabrous ; peduncles axil- FIG. 4. lary, 4 times sliorter than the leaves, 4-8-flowered ; alabastra obtuse ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, a little ciliated ; anthers cuspidate. h . S. Native of the Mauritius. Ardisia lati- folia, Sieb. fl. maur. 11. p. 53, but not of Roera. et Schultes. Leaves 3-4 inches long, full of pellucid dots, approximate at the tops of the branches. Peduncles velvety. Corolla white, dotted ; lobes obtuse. Stigma peltate, or somewhat 2- lobed. (f. 4.) Sieber's Badula. Shrub or tree. 5 B. ovALiFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 114.) glabrous; leaves ovate, acute at both ends, membranous, full of black dots ; pe- duncles 3 times shorter than the leaves ; alabastra ovoid, full of dots; anthers nearly sessile; style short, obtuse. ^ . S. Na- tive of the Mauritius. Leaves 3-6 inches long. Peduncles dotted like the flowers. Calycine segments simple, acute. Lobes of corolla ovate, acute. Oval-leaved Badula. Shrub or tree. 6 B. cra'ssa (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; branches thick ; leaves elliptic, or oblong, obtuse, coriaceous ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; ])edicels alternate, short. Ij . S. Native of the Isle of Bourbon and the Mauritius. Leaves 3-5 inches long, full of pellucid dots. Lobes of calyx obtuse. Berry globose. T/HcA-branched Badula. Shrub or tree. 7 B. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, nearly entire, dotted, glabrous ; peduncles velvety. Stiff, rather longer than the leaves. I; . S. Native of Bourbon, in the more elevated places. Branches rusty. Leaves 12-15 lines long, shining above, sometimes irregularly toothed on one side, towards the apex. Calyx rather pilose : with acute lobes. Berry globose. Stigma obtuse. Narrow-leaved Badula. Shrub or tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. VIII. ONCOSTBMUM (from oyicoc, onkos, a mass; and anifnov, sleiHon, a stamen ; the stamens are combined into an egg-formed mass in the first species). Adr. Juss. ann. mus. 19. p. 136. t. 11. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 115. Lin. syst. Penthidr'ia Moiwgynia. Calyx and corolla 5 cleft. Stamens combined into an ovoid or cylindrical mass, which is joined to the tube of the corolla at the base : or is 5-toothed at the apex. Ovarium superior. Style simple. — Stigma funnel- shaped, nearly entire, or denticidated, &c. Shrubs, natives of Madagascar, with the habit of ^/ /(/win and Badula. 1 O. Commersonia'nlm (Andr. Juss. 1. c. t. 11.) leaves lanceo- late or oblong-obovate, and bluntly acuminated ; peduncles and pedicels quite glabrous; calyx 5-cleft ; stamens conferruminated into an egg formed mass. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar. Co7nnier son's Oncostemum. Shrub or tree. 2 O. Capeliera'num (Juss. 1. c. p. 137.) leaves lanceolate, or oblong-obovate, and bluntly acuminated ; peduncles and pedicels hairy, as well as the calyxes ; calyx 5-parted ; stamens combined into a 5-toothed tube. Jj . S. Native of Madagascar. Capelier's Oncostemum. Shrub or tree. Cult. See Ardisia, p. 20, for culture and propagation. IX. ARDI'SIA (from apcuc, ardis, a point, in reference to the acute, spear-pointed anthers.) Swartz, prod. p. 48. Schreb. gen. no. 1735. R. Br. prod. p. 533. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 268. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116. Anguillaria, Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 372. t. 77. Schreb. gen. p. 823. no. 345. Bladhia, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 7. Py'rgus, Lour. coch. p. 120. Lin. syst. Pentdiidria, Monogyyiia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 5. a.) Corolla 5-cleft (f. 5.6.); lobes imbricate in aestivation. Sta- mens 5, with free filaments ; anthers free, rarely combined, equal to the filaments in length, or longer, erect, triangular, acute or acuminated, 2-celled ; cells dehiscing by a longitudinal chink. Ovarium globose. Style filiform, permanent, longer than the stamens. Stigma simple, subulate, or dot-formed. Ovula 5, ex R. Br. or more. Berry globose. — Trees shrubs and sub- shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely almost opposite, or 3 in a whorl, dotted. Flowers more or less panicled. Panicles some- times many-flowered at the extremities of the branches, and longer than the leaves ; sometimes few flowered, and in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels rather umbellate at the tops of the peduncles. Flowers larger than those of Mijrsine, always hermaphrodite, white or rose-coloured, and often dotted. Sect. I. Ardisi^e ve'r.je (this section contains the legitimate species of the genus.) Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116. Anthers free, longer than the filaments. Style subulate, longer than the stamens. Bracteas much shorter than the pedicels. § I. Leaves entire, glabrous. 1 A. acumina'ta (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1062) leaves oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base ; panicles terminal and axil- lary, many-flowered ; lobes of calyx small, acute, dotted. I7 . S. Native of Guiana, in cultivated fields. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1678. Icacorea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. suppl. 1. t. 368. Corolla nearly white. Acmimated-leaved Ardisia. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1803. Shrub 6-8 feet. 2 A. tinifolia (Swartz, prod. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 468.) leaves elliptic, nerved ; panicle terminal ; calycine segments subulate. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. — Sloane, jam. 2. p. 98. t. 105. Leaves dark green, 4 inches long, and 2 broad. Corollas pale red, revolute. Tinus-leaved Ardisia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Tr. 20-30 ft. 3 A. LAUiuFuLiA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes simple, axillary, and terminal. (7 . S. Native of the Antilles. A. latifolia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 514. Anguillaria laurifolia. Lam. ill. 2. p. 109. no. 2741. Very nearly allied to A. coriacea, except in the shape of the leaves and the dis- position of the flowers. Laurel-leaved Ardisia. Tree. 4 A. macula'ta (Poiteau, in herb. D. C. ex Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116.) leaves oblong, obtuse, coriaceous; pa- nicle terminal, branched, many-flowered, pyramidal ; calycine lobes oval, obtuse, large ; berry spotted. ?2 • ^- Native of Hispaniola. A. Domingensis, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 803. ? Leaves 2 to 2| inches long. .S'po(/et/-berried Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 5 A. cestrifolia (H. B. et Kuntli, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 212.) branches rather angular ; leaves glabrous, lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, cuneated at the base, quite entire, dotless ; panicles axillary and terminal, sessile, crowded, glabrous ; flowers pedi- cellate, racemose, 4-5-androus. h . S. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu. Calycine segments ovate, bluntish. Segments of the corolla oblong, acute. Cestrum-lcaved Ardisia. Shrub. 6 A. Capollina (Moc. et Sesse, icon. mex. ined. ex Alph. 14 MYRSINEACE^. IX. Ardisia. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116.) leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, shining ; panicle terminal, compound, longer than the leaves ; peduncles alternate ; pedicels vmibellate ; lobes of co- rolla ovate, acute, reflexed, 4 times as long as the calyx, fj . S. Native of Mexico, where it is called C'apolim. Bracteas cadu- cous. Berry globose, wine-coloured. Flowers of a pale rose- colour. Capollhi Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 7 A. REvoLu^TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 246.) glabrous ; leaves rather membranous, oblong, obtuse, cuneated at the base and revolute ; panicles terminal, simple ; pedicels fasciculate or umbellate ; lobes of calyx obtuse, full of glandular dots ; berry nearly globose. h • S. Native of Mexico, on the western declivities of the mountains near La Venta de Moxonera, in oak woods ; and in woods near Jalapa. Leaves same colour on both surfaces, fidl of glandular dots, 4^ inches long. Flowers white. Berries dry, about the size of a pepper- corn, wrinkled, gjandidar. Revolute-leaved Ardisia. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 8 A. compre'ssa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 245.) glabrous ; branches compressed ; leaves obovate-oblong, short- acuminated, nearly quite entire ; panicles terminal, sub-race- mose ; pedicels in umbellate fascicles ; lobes of calyx roundish- ovate, obtuse ; lobes of corolla oblong, obtuse, revolute, glandular. P; . S. Native of New Andalusia, in temperate places, near the monastery of Caripe. Branches pendulous. Leaves membranous, full of pellucid dots, palest beneath, 5-6 inches long. Corolla white. Berry dry, smooth. Compressed-hranehed Ardisia. Tree 15 feet. 9 A. durifolia (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 214.) branches terete, glabrous ; leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, and somewhat retuse, running into the petioles at the base, revolute on the edges, quite entire, beset with scaly dots beneatli, as well as the panicles ; flowers racemose. J; • S* Native on the Andes, about Quindiu. Flowers white. Calyx calyptrate be- fore expansion, divided into 2-4 unequal segments. Corolla pentapetalous ; petals oblong, revolute, valvate in estivation. Hard-leaved Ardisia. Tree 20 feet. 10 A. micra'ntha (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. 3. p. 246.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, acute ; panicles terminal and lateral, simple, crowded : with short branches; pedicels in umbellate fascicles; lobes of calyx and corolla elliptic, obtuse. T^ • S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Te- neriffe. Bumelia nncrantlia, Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 805. Branches brown, beset with linear purple dots. Leaves and flowers full of glandular dots, 5-6 inches long. Co- rolla small, white. Stigma truncate. Small-Jloivered Ardisia. Tree. 11 A. Orinoce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 244) leaves oblong, acute; panicles terminal and lateral, almost simple ; pedi- cels in umbellate fascicles ; lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse, with diaphanous margins ; lobes of corolla ovate-roundish, obtuse, reflexed. Pj . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, between the falls of Ature and the town of St. Borja. Branches brownish. Leaves rather membranous, paler beneath, li inch long. Corolla white, full of glandular dots. Very like A, coriacea. Orinoco Ardisia. Fl. May. Tree. 1 2 A. PROPiNQUA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 213.) branches nearly terete, warted ; petioles and leaves glabrous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, quite entire, membra- nous, full of glandular dots ; racemes terminal, solitary, always simple, glabrous ; fruit pedicellate. 1; . S. Native of South America, near the banks of the Orinoco. Allied Ardisia. Siirub. ISA. FERRUGiNEA (H. B. ct Kunth, 1. c. 3. p. 244.) branches, petioles, and panicles clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous and shining above, and clothed with fuscescent down beneath ; panicles terminal, almost simple; pedicels in umbellate fascicles ; lobes of calyx ovate, acute. ^2 . S. Native along with the preceding. Leaves narrowed at the base, membranous, full of glandular dots, 4^ inches long. Berry glabrous. Habit of ^. crenata. Rusty Ardisia. Shrub. 14 A. THYRsiFLORA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 148.) leaves lanceolate ; panicles thyrsoid, terminal ; segments of corolla roundish-ovate, acute ; anthers almost sessile. ^ . S. Native of Nipaul. Thyrse-Jlowered Ardisia. CIt. 1824. Shrub. 15 A. purpu'rea (Blum, bijdr. p. 684.) leaves oblong, acu- minated at both ends, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle terminal, pyramidal ; pedicels subumbellate ; calycine segments rounded. h . S. Native of Java and Nusse-Kambanga, in mountain woods, where it is called Kilampani. Purple Ardisia. Fl. year. Shrub. 16 A. mucrona'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 685.) leaves oblong, acu- minated at both ends, mucronately awned at the apex, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle terminal, short ; pedicels umbellate; calycine segments rounded. Tj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Krawang, near Tjiradjas, in mountain woods. Mucronate-\ea\ed Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 17 A. sanguinole'nta (Blume, 1. c. but not of Wall.) leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle terminal, divaricate ; pedicels umbellate ; ca- lycine teeth acute. >2 • S- Native of Java, in shady places on the Parang mountains. Nearly allied to A. speciosa, Bl. but the flowers are much smaller. Bloody-flowered Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 18 A. RoTHii (Alph. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 117.) leaves ob- long, obtuse, attenuated at both ends, glabrous, quite entire ; raceme terminal, pyramidal ; peduncles alternate, compressed, umbelliferous ; stem arboreous. Ij . S. Native of the East Lidies. A. pyramidalis. Roth. nov. spec. p. 123. exclusive of the syn. of Cav. This species diflfers from A. pyramidalis, Cav. in the leaves being quite entire. Roth's Ardisia. Shrub 5 feet. 19 A. Py'rgus (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 518. ex R. Br. prod. 533.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous, on short petioles ; racemes ovate-oblong, terminal ; segments of corolla lanceolate. Ij . G. Native of Cochin-china. Py'rgus racemosa. Lour. coch. p. 121. A shrub with spreading branches. Flowers reddish-white. Tmver Ardisia. Shrub 5 feet. 20 A. lanceola'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 275. Wall. cat. no. 2292.) glabrous ; leaves broad-lanceolate, shining ; panicles ter- minal and axillary, composed of a few simple racemes ; segments of calyx ovate ; lobes of corolla ovate, pointed. Tj . S. Na- tive of Pulo Penang. Leaves 6-9 inches long and 2-3 broad. Style length of stamens. ia«ceo/ft^-leaved Ardisia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub. 21 A. paniculata (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 270.) glabrous; leaves cuneate-oblong, almost sessile, reflexed ; panicles ter- minal, oval, composed of many alternate compound branches ; segments of calyx and corolla ovate. Pj . S. Native of Chit- tagong and Silhet, wliere it makes a conspicuous appearance, on account of its large reflexed leaves, and very ample elegant panicles of innumerable rose-coloured flowers. Ker. bot. reg. 638. Sims, bot. mag. 2364. Young shoots thick, green. Leaves from 6-20 inches long, and from 3-5 inches broad, crowded at theends of the branches. Berries red, smooth, size of a pea, juicy. Pa?iic/f(/-flovvered Ardisia. Fl. year. Clt. 1818. Shrub 8 to 10 feet. 12 MYRSINEACE^E. IX. Ardisia. 15 22 A. a'nceps (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 280.) glabrous ; branches climbing, 2-ej . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bantam, where it is called Lampanie. Allied to the preceding. Smooth Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 59 A. macroca'rpa (Wall, in Roxb. fl> ind. 2. p. 277.) gla- VOL. iv. brous ; leaves oblong, acute, tapering downwards, glandidarly crenated, dotted ; racemes terminal, corymb-formed, almost sessile ; segments of corolla ovate, obtuse ; berries lar^e. Ij . S. Native of Nipaul, on inost of the hills about the great valley. Branches greenish. Leaves approximate, coriaceous, 6-8 inches long, paler beneath, veinless. Racemes slightly pubescent. Flowers flesh-coloured, dotted. Pedicels clavate. Berry vermillion-coloured, as large as a gooseberry. This is a beautiful shrub. Large-fruited Ardisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 60 A. membrana'cea (Wall. cat. no. 2288.) glabrous; leaves approximate, oblong-lanceolate, aciuninated, tapering a long way at the base, irregularly crenulated, membranous ; peduncles axillary, 4 times shorter than the leaves ; pedicels short, approx- imate ; alabastra obtuse ; calycine segments ovate, acute, about equal in length to the lobes of the corolla ; style inclosed. Tq . S. Native of Silhet, on the mountains. Branches thick, filled with medulla. Leaves 4-5 inches long, dotted. Pedun- cles often reflexed. Flowers small, in loose fascicles. Membranous-leaveA Ardisia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 61 A. Wallichii (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 123.) leaves obovate, acute, or obtuse, narrowed into the marginate petioles, repandly crenulated ; peduncles axillary, one half shorter than the leaves, and are, as well as the pedicels pilose ; flowers in loose racemes; calycine segments ovate, acute, a little ciliated; lobes of corolla ovate, acuminated ; anthers nearly sessile, blunt- ish ; style inclosed. fj . S. Native of the Burman empire, on the banks of the Irawaddy and the Atran. A. sanguinolenta. Wall. cat. no. 2287. but not of Blum. A humble shrub : with thick, hardly woody branches. Young branches and leaves full of blood-coloured juice. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 2 broad, thickish. IVaUich's Ardisia. Shrub dwarf. 62 A. Japonica (Blum, bijdr. p. 690. Hornstedt, diss. nov. pi. gen. pt. 1. p. 6-7. with a figure. Thunb. fl. jap. p. Q5. t. IS. under Bladhia) glabrous ; leaves nearly opposite, or 3-5 in a whorl, on short petioles, cuneate- oblong, acute, glabrous, ser- rated; pedicels subumbellate, secund. drooping; calyx 5-toothed; racemes simple, axillary. I^ . G. Native of Japan, on the mountains among bushes. Sankits vulgo Jamma 'I'adsi banna, Ktempf. amccn. 5. p. 775. Root creeping. Leaves a hand long. Pedicels red. Corollas white. Japan Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot. 63 A. gla'bra (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 123.) gla- brous ; leaves nearly opposite, serrated, ovate-acuminated. ^ . G. Native of Japan. Bladhia glilbra, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 350. Lin. trans. 2. p. 331. Stem frutescent, articulated, simple. Leaves approximate at the top of the stem, \\ inch long. Berries red, size of small peas. Glabrous Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot. 64 A. pu'mila (Blum, bijdr. p. 688.) stem sufFruticose, pro- cumbent at base, rooting ; leaves lanceolate-elliptic, acute, nar- rowed into the petioles at the base, obsoletely crenulated, marked with transverse stripes, glabrous ; flowers subumbellately race- mose ; calyx 5-toothcd ; segments of corolla crenulate. Jj . S. Native of Java, in shady places on Mount Salak. Dwarf Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot. 65 A. cRispA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, with repandly crenulated glandular edges ; cymes terminal, usually solitary, often com- pound ; pedicels smooth, finely veined, umbellate, drooping ; segments of calyx and corolla obtuse. Vi . G. Native of Pe- nang, Singapore, Japan, and China. Bladhia crispa, Thunb, fl. jap. p. 97. Banks, icon. Kampf t. 7. Ardisia elegans, Andr. bot, rep. t. 263. A. crenita Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 276. Wall. D 18 MYRSINEACE^. IX. Ardisia. FIG. 5. 1% cat. no. 2262. A. glandulosa, Blum, bijdi-. 690. but not of Roxb. Leaves bluntish. Ra- cemes generally solitary, from the extremities of the corymbi- form lateral branchlets. Flowers small, drooping, red. Berries red, size of peas. (fig. 5.) far. ft; corolla white, dotted with red. >> . S. A. crenata, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1950. A. lentiginosa, Ker. bot. reg. t. 553. Var. y ; corolla white, f; . S. A. crenidata, Lodd. bot. cab. Car/ed-leaved Ardisia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1809. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. 66 A. PENTAGONA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acu- minated at both ends, obsoletely crenulated, glabrous ; umbels simple, lateral ; calycine teeth acute ; fruit depressedly penta- gonal. Ij . G. Native of China. A. quinquegona, Blum, bijdr. 689. Five-angled AxAxsia. Fl. year. Shrub. 67 A. puncta'ta (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 827.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, repandly crenated, tapering to the base ; peduncles umbellate, terminal, and axillary ; umbels involu- crated by deciduous bracteas ; segments of corolla 4-5, obovate, obtuse ; flowers subcampanulate, secund. Tj . G. Native of China. Flowers grey'sh white, beset witli dark dots : and the pedicels with dark lines. Dotted Ardisia. Fl. Jime, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. § 4. Leaves pilose, crenated, toothed, or serrated. 68 A. crenula'ta (Vent, choix. t. 5.) leaves lanceolate- ovate, tapering at both ends, repandly crenulated, pilose ; pani- cles terminal ; pedicels umbellate. ^ . G. Native of Porto Rico, Mexico between Tampico and Real del Monte, Antilles, &c. A. lateriflora, Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 473.? Anguillaria lateriflora, Poir. diet, suppl. 7. p. 687.? Ang. crenu- lata, Poir. diet. 7. p. 689. Flowers of a reddish violet colour. Berries black, size of currants. There are varieties of this with more or less rcpand and hairy leaves. Far. ft ; leaves coriaceous, without pellucid dots, very pilose beneath. Ccewu/a/ed-leaved Ardisia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1809. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 69 A. Cuba'na (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 124.) leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, undulated, irlabrous above, rather pilose beneath ; ))anicles terminal, branched, about equal witli the leaves ; peduncles rusty ; calycine segments acute ; lobes of corolla linear-lanceolate, spreading, velvety. tj . S. Native of Cuba. Extreme branches and peduncles velvety. Leaves 2-3 inches long, obtuse or acutish ; hairs stellate. Flowers like those of A. crenidata, from which species it hardly differs, unless in the smaller, obtuse, less repand leaves. Cuba Ardisia. Shrub. 70 A. melanosticta (Schlecht. in Linnaea, 8. p. 5'ZG.') leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, tapering into the petioles at the base, short-acuminated at the apex, glabrous above, but beset with rusty down and black dots beneath, with erosely crenulated membranous edges ; umbels crowded into axillary racemes, which are shorter than the leaves ; corolla downy inside, at length revolute, with a short tube and narrow segments, fj . G. Native of Mexico, in woods, between San Salvador and Jalapa. Flowers white. Anthers cordate at the base. /?Zac/i-do/to/ Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 71 A. IcA RA (Wall. cat. no. 2264. Alph. D. C. Let. 7. p. 125.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at the base, acute at the apex, denticulated, rather pilose above, but glabrous and paler beneath ; panicles branched, nearly terminal, about equal to the leaves ; peduncles umbellate ; pedicels and flowers vel- vety ; calycine segments subulate ; lobes of corolla ovate, acute. h . S. Native of Bengal, about Bhatgong and Mateabo. Leaves 6 inches long. Hairs simple. Umbellets surrounded by whorls of bracteoles. Icara Ardisia. Shrub. 72 A. odontophy'lla (Wall. cat. no. 2279. Alph. D. C. 1. c. t. 6.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute at both ends, on long petioles, sharply toothed, puberulous ; racemes axillary, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels short, alternate, and are, as well as the peduncles, velvety ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, cili- ated and downy ; corolla deeply parted : with ovate, acute lobes. Fj . S. Native of Bengal, towards Silhet, and about Gualpara. A. pavonina, Hamilt. herb. Branches ascending, filled with medulla. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Toothed-leaved Ardisia. Shrub. 73 A. MOLLIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 689.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, crenulated, dotted, rather villous be- neath ; ixmbels axillary and terminal, simple ; calycine segments semi-lanceolate, acute, about equal in length to the corolla. Tj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bamtam, on the mountains. Allied to A. glandulosa. Soft Ardisia. Fl. Feb. Shrub. 74 A. Tavoya'na (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) extremities of branches downy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous above, pilose and much dotted beneath, rather crenu- lated, thin ; peduncles lateral, simple, velvety, rather shorter than the leaves ; pedicels umbellate ; calycine segments linear- lanceolate, acuminated, pilose outside. Ij . S. Native about Tavoy, in the Burman empire. A. villosa. Wail. cat. no. 2280. B. It differs from A. villosa, Roxb. in the leaves being larger and pilose beneath, &c. Berries pilose. Tavoy Ardisia. Shrub. 75 A. villosa (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 274.) branchlets villous; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, villous beneath, crenulated ; um- bels axillary and terminal, very villous ; calycine segments linear- lanceolate, f; . S. Native of Penang and Singapore. Leaves 5-7 inches long, tapering to the base, copiously dotted. Berries villous. Hairs simple, jointed. All the upper parts of the plant are densely beset with hairs. Umbellets terminal, com- pound. Fillous Ardisia. Fl. Oct. Shrub. 76 A. pusiLLA (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 126.) stem filiform, to- mentose ; leaves opposite, ovate, acute, serrated, villous ; pe- duncles few-flowered, tomentose ; flowers lateral. T? . G. Native of Japan. Bladhia villosa, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 96. t. 19. Least Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot. 77 A. vESTiTA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 274. cat. no. 2281.) branches densely villous and hairy; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, remotely and bluntly crenated, tapering at the base, minutely and copiously dotted : and clothed with abundance of long, soft, jointed hairs : umbels axillary and terminal, villous ; segments of calyx linear-lanceolate, acute ; berries villous. Tj . S. Native of Singapore. Leaves 5-7 inches long. All the upper parts of the shrub are exceedingly thickly clothed with soft hairs. Clothed Ardisia. Shrub. MYRSINEACE^. IX. Ardisia. 19 Sect. II. Hymena'ndua (from v/uriu, hymen, a membrane, and avtjp ay^poc, aner andros, a male ; the antliers are membrane- winged in the first species). A\\A\. D. C. in Lin. trans. 1 7. p. 126. Anthers combined. Style abont equal in length to the stamens ; stigma dot-formed. Bracteas much shorter than the pedicels. 78 A. hymena'ndra (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 2S2. cat. no. 2266.) glabrous ; leaves obovate, acuminated, coarsely cre- nated, tapering and entire downwards ; corymbs lateral, leafy from large bracteas ; segments of corolla nearly linear, long ; anthers combined, membrane-winged and tailed. y^, S. Na- tive of Siihet, on the Juntyapoor mountains. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. t. 175. Branches marked with callous tubercles. Leaves scattered, approximate, subverticillate by threes or fours, 6-10 inches long. Corymbs rising from the vestiges of the fallen leaves, composed of approximate spreading umbels of large pink Mowers. Peduncles flattened. Calycine segments lanceolate, slightly ciliated. Memhrane-anthercd Ardisia. Fl. Mar. July. Clt. 1828. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 7!) A. GLANDULOSA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 276.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, having the margins coloured and glandular ; umbels few-flowered, on long peduncles, globular, at and round the tops of the branches ; corolline segments round and emarginate ; anthers united. h . S. Native of Siihet, where it is called by the natives Bun-nurukahe. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Flowers small, white, on short pedicels. Calyx rusty from dots. Glandular-leaved Ardisia. Shrub. Sect. III. Micranthe'ka (from fiikpog, micros, small, and lit'dripa, anthera, an anther ; in allusion to the anthers being much shorter than the filaments.) Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 126. Filaments elongated ; anthers free, much shorter than the filaments. Style subulate, not longer than the stamens. § 1. Style about equal in length to the stamens. Old anthers horizontal, twisted. 80 A. coria'cea (Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. I. p. 470.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, bluntish, quite entire, coriaceous ; panicle terminal, pyramidal, rather longer than the leaves ; caly- cine lobes ovate, bluntish ; lobes of corolla ovate, acute, re- flexed ; filaments almost combined, inserted in the top of the tube of the corolla, rather longer than the anthers. f; . S. Native of Guadaloupe and Hispaniola. Anguillaria coriacea, Poir. diet, suppl. 7. p. 683. The flowers and inflorescence agree with IVullenia. Corollas red, rather large. C'oriflceo».s-leaved Ardisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 81 A. Hamiltonii (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 126.) leaves obovate, bluntish, coriaceous, veined beneath, and ob- scurely so above, dotted on both surfaces ; panicles terminal, rather crowded ; racemes undulated, jointed. Ij . S. Native of St. Domingo. A. obovata, Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ p. 26. but not of Blum. Desv. herb. ex. Hamilt. I.e. Perhaps distinct from A. coriacea. Hamilton s Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 82 A. exce'lsa (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 261. Chr. Smith, in herb. D. C. et Deless. ex Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, middle-sized, entire, glabrous ; peduncles axillary ; pedicels umbellate, longer than the peduncles ; calycine seg- ments acute, glabrous ; alabastra acute ; lobes of corolla lan- ceolate, 3 times longer than the calyx; filaments subulate, twice as long as the anthers. Jj . F. Native of Madeira, on the mountains, where it is called Aderno tree. Heberdenia excelsa. Banks. Anguillaria Bahamensis, Gtertn. fruct. 1. p. 373. t. 77. f 1. ? My'rsine heberdenia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 508. Icacorea Bahamensis, Lam. ill. t. 136. f. 1. Peduncles very short, therefore it comes near to the gen\x?.Myrsine. Flowers red. Tall Ardisia or Aderno-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1794. Tree 20 to 40 feet. § 2. Style one half shorter than the stamens. Anthers erect. 83 A. Lhotskya (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 127.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, entire, bluntish, dotted ; panicles ter- minal and axillary, many-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels umbellate; lobes of calyx acute ; corolla funnel-shaped, with oblong lobes ; filaments length of corolla. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. Leaves 2-3 inches long, full of black dots. Lobes of corolla white, spotted with yellow. Lhotsky's Ardisia. Tree. 84 A. RACEMOSA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 661.) leaves obovate- oblong, subrevolute, coriaceous, shining on both surfaces, paral- lelly nerved beneath, full of dots ; racemes axillary, straight. H . S. Native of Brazil. /?acemose-flowered Ardisia. Tree. 85 A. LEPiDOTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 247.) branches clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous, lepidotted beneath ; panicles terminal, much branched ; flowers conglobate, almost sessile ; segments of calyx ovate, acutish, full of glandular dots ; lobes of corolla oblong, obtuse, reflexed ; filaments filiform, 4 times longer than the anthers. P^ . S. Native of New Granada, be- tween the mines of Santannaand the town of Mariquita. Branches angular. Branches of panicle clothed with rusty tomentum. Flowers small. Lepidotted Ardisia. Shrub or tree. Sect. IV. Tyrb/e'a (meaning unknown to us). Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 127. Flowers loosely panicled ; pe- duncles alternate. Bracteas large, caducous. Flowers alter- nate, almost sessile, large. 86 A. bracteosa (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acutish, entire, coriaceous ; bracteas ovate, acute ; lobes of calyx and corolla ovate, acute ; anthers ovoid, horizontal, smaller than the filaments ; style rather longer than the stamens. Pj . G. Na- tive of Mexico. Tyrbae'a, Moc. et Sesse, icon. mex. ined. Branches fuscous. Leaves approximate, 3-4 inches long. Co- rolla of a whitish rose-colour. Bracteale Ardisia. Tree. 87 A. escule'nta (Pavon, in herb. Moricand. Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 128.) leaves ovate-oblong, acutish, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, dotted ; petioles margined ; panicles longer than the leaves ; bracteas ovate, bluntish ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, ciliated ; anthers triangular, acute, longer than the filaments ; style subulate, inclosed. Ij . S. Native of South America. Leaves 3-4 inches long, full of resinous black dots. Panicle slightly velvety. Lobes of corolla obtuse, spotted. Hardly distinct from the preceding species, nevertheless the stamens are very different. Berries esculent. Esculent Ardisia. Tree or shrub. 88 A. fce'tida (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 803.) leaves oblong-obovate, acuminated, coriaceous, shining above, and nearly veinless ; spikes panicled, terminal ; bracteas ovate, con- cave, obvohite; calycine segments ovate; lobes of corolla revo- lute ; anthers connivent. T^ . S. Native of South America. Wood white and fetid. Flowers pale rose-coloured. Corolla campanulately rotate. Style longer than the corolla. Fetid-vi oodeA Ardisia. Tree 10 to 15 feet. ■\ Species not sufficiently knorvn. 89 A. Bahame'nsis (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 128.) fj . G. Native of the Bahamas. Heberdenia excelsa, Banks, herb, ex Gsertn. AnguiUslria Bahamensis, Gartn. fruct. 1. 20 MYRSINEACEjE. IX. Ardisia. X. Embelia. p. 372. t. 77. f. 1. leacorea Bahamensis, Lam. ill. t. 136. f. 1. Perhaps the same as A. excelsa, Bahama Ardisia. Tree. 90 A. linea'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 804. ex herb. Willd ) leaves oblong-ovate, parallelly veined, glabrous ; panicle terminal, divaricate. tj . S. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. Ziweri-leaved Ardisia. Shrub. 91 A. divarica'ta (Roem. et Schultes, 1. e.) leaves lanceo- late, tapering into the petioles ; flowers panicled ; branches of panicle divaricate, h . S. Native ? Dharicate-^av\\c\eA Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 92 A. ? PARviFOLiA (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) leaves ovate- lanceolate ; cymes trifid, axillary. 1^ . S. Native of Peru. Humb. et Bonpl. Calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla salver- shaped, having the tube inflated at the apex, and the limb 5- parted. Stamens inclosed. Style inclosed. Stigma ovate, thickened. Drupe ovate, clammy, 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. Small-leaved Ardisia. Shrub 6 feet. 9.1 A.? PARASITICA (Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 474.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate, ovate, lined, sessile; ra- cemes axillary, simple, fj • S. Native of Dominica, on the trunks of trees, among the mountains. Anguillaria parasitica, Poir. diet, suppl. 7. p. 687. Branches slender, brittle, tetrago- nal. Leaves quite entire, paler beneath, with blackish veins. Pedicels short, bracteate at the base. Calyx coloured : with ovate, acute lobes. Corolla whitish purple, subrotate, dotted inside. Filaments short; anthers ovate, emarglnate, diverging. Style length of stamens. Stigma obtuse. Drupe globose, dotted. Parasilical Ardisia. Shrub par. 94 A. ? argu'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 247.) branches and under side of leaves covered with small, rusty scales ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, sharply toothed ; panicles lateral, much branched ; flowers pedicellate, rather racemose. Ij . S. Native of the province of Popayan, on the burning mount Puiace, near El Primer Pajonal. Leaves 5-6 inches long. Panicle beset with rusty scales. Calyx 5-parted, having the segments dotted with glands in the middle. Stamens 5-6, opposite the lobes of the corolla. Filaments short ; anthers oblong-lanceolate. Ovarium ovate-conical, glabrous. Style filiform ; stigma obtuse. Perhaps a distinct genus, although it has the habit and dotting of Ardisia. Sharp-tooth leaved Ardisia. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 95 A. ovaVa (Thunb. nov. gen. pt. 8. ups. 1795. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. p. 517.) leaves ovate; stem compressed, fur- rowed. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies. Stem simple, a span high, glabrous : bearing 2-3 petiolate, coriaceous, entire, glabrous leaves, with reflexed margins, a hand long. Flowers panicled. Ovale-]enved Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. Almost all the species are handsome, and of easy culture. Any light rich soil answers them well, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand. Cuttings, either of the branches or root, strike freely in a pot of sand, in heat. When propagated by pieces of the root, the pieces should be planted so as their tops may be above the mould, and they siiould not, like cuttings of the branches, be placed under a hand-glass, as they are very apt to rot. X. EMBE'LIA (the Ceylonese name of one species). Burm. fl. ind. t. 23. Juss. gen p. 427. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 285. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 129.^Ribesioides, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 403. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla 5-parted; lobes rather valvate in aestivation. Stamens 5, about equal to the lobes of the corolla in length. Anthers ovoid, much shorter than the filaments, which are free, hori- zontal at the time the flowers are open. Ovarium superior, 1- ovulate (ex Wall.). Style shorter than the stamens; stigma capitellate. Berry globose, 1 -seeded. — Usually climbing shrubs, natives of Asia ; petioles sometimes denticulated. Racemes axillary or terminal, simple or branched. Flowers small. Ala- bastra obtuse. Peduncles and pedicels alternate, usually pilose or velvety. * Panicles or racemes terminal. 1. E. RiBES (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 285. Wall. cat. no. 2304.) scandent ; tender shoots and peduncles hoary ; leaves oblong, entire, glabrous ; panicles terminal, hoary. \ . ^. S. Native of Silhet, Ceylon, Penang, Singapore, Golgipori, &c. Ribesioides, Lin. fl. zeyl. p. 403. Riljes, Burm. prod. 62. t. 23. A large climber. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers numerous, very small, of a greenish yellow colour. Lobes of calyx concave. Berries size of black pepper, succulent, black. The natives in the vicinity of Silhet, where the plants grow abundantly, gather the berries, and when dry sell them to the small traders in black pepper, who fraudulently mi.N them with that spice, which they so resemble as to render it almost impossible to distinguish them, by sight, or by any other means, as they are withal somewhat spicy. The vernacular name of the shrub is Baberung. Currant Embelia. Shrub cl. 2 E. cane'scens (Jack, ex Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 292. Wall. cat. no. 2311.) branches villous; leaves ovate-oblong, acu- minated, retuse at the base, villous beneath ; petioles with curled glandular margins ; panicle terminal, consisting of very long hairy branches ; petals villous. Ij . v_, S. Native of Penang, where it is called A ssum-Oalan, in the Malay language. Leaves membranous, with revolute edges. Lobes of corolla lanceolate. Flowers white. Very like E. rihes. Canescenl Embelia. Shrub cl. * * Racemes axillary. 3 E. FERRUGiNEA (Wall. Cat. no. 2310. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) young branches and peduncles tomentose, rusty ; leaves ovate- roundish, entire, coriaceous, glabrous above, and dotted with rusty stellate hairs beneath. '? • ,^ S. Native of the Burman Empire, on the banks of the Irrawaddy. Leaves 5 inches long, velvety on the nerves above ; petioles pilose, not winged. Berry blackish. Rusty Embelia. Shrub cl. 4 E. viLLosA (Wall, in Roxb fl. ind. 2. p. 289. cat. no. 2313.) climbing or rambling ; branches villous, and with numerous callous dots ; leaves oval, or roundish-oval, short-acuminated, acute at the base, villous beneath ; racemes simple, axillary, fascicled, long, slender, and villous. ^2 • w S. Native about Rajmahul and Tavoy. Leaves ciliated, 4-5 inches long, glabrous above. Flowers small, whitish, very numerous. It comes very near E. robiisia, but differs from it in hairiness, and in the long fascicled slender racemes. There are varieties of this species with broadly obovate-roundish, very pilose leaves ; or ovate-acute, small, smoothish leaves. Villous Embelia. Shrub cl. 5 E. picTA (Wall. cat. no. 2302.) branches and peduncles vel- vety and rnsty; leaves oval, smoothish, remotely denticulated; racemes axillary, simple, longer than the leaves ; calyx and co- rolla velvety. '; • v^ S. Native of the East Indies, in Gonga- chara and Goalpara. Samara picta, Hamilt. herb. Branches pilose, and spotted with white. Leaves 3-5 inches long, and 2-3 broad, glabrous above, remotely marked with black dots be- neath. Flowers as in E. villosa. Pai7ited-hr&nched Embelia. Shrub cl. MYRSINEACEiE. X. Embelia. XI. Choripetalum. XII. M^sa. 21 6 E. floribu'nda (Wall, in Roxb. fl. incl. 2. p. 291. cat. no. 2305. A.) climbing, glabrous ; branches slender ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, finely-acuminated, with straight margins ; panicles axillary, of many long slender racemes. Ij . ^_,. G. Native of Nipaul, on Chundragiri, Sheopore, and at Thankote. A beautiful climber. Branches scabrous from dots. Leaves 5-G inches long, with entire revolute edges ; dark green above, and pale underneath. Flowers fragrant, dense, yellowish green. Far.l^ ; macrophijlla (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves longer. Ij . ^ S. Native of Siliiet. E. floribunda. Wall. cat. no. 2305. B. Bundle -Jlonercd Embelia. Shrub cl. 7 E. VEsTiTA (Roxb. H. ind. '2. p. 288.) villous, scandent, very much branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated, sub- serrated ; racemes axillary. Tr^ . y_,. S. Native of Silhet. The shrub is uncommonly well-furnished with branches and foliage. The flowers are particularly small and delicate, collected into little, oblong, subsessile, axillary racemes. Clothed Embelia. Siirub cl. 8 E. nu'tans (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 290. cat. no. 2303.) shrub nutant, at length pendulous, with very slender dense branches ; leaves somewhat bifarious, approximate, lanceolate, acuminated, smooth and shining, waved ; racemes numerous, short, 2-3 together, in axillary fascicles. I^ • S. Native of Silhet. Bark of branches dotted, while young downy. Leaves rather coriaceous, entire, pale, and minutely dotted beneath. Flowers small, white, verging to greenish, with a disagreeable smell. This is a very elegant shrub ; its dense branches and pendulous habit render it a desirable ornament in tropical gardens. Droojjing Embelia. Shrub 5-6 feet, 9 E. ROBu'sTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 287.) rambling; leaves, smooth, from oblong to ovate ; racemes axillary and terminal, solitary. fj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the Rajmahul hills. Young branches, and under surfaces of leaves downy, the tender parts clothed with rust-coloured jointed and glandular tomentum. The leaves and flowers are beset with dots, which are elevated on the latter. Flowers greenish white. Calyx villous. Robust EmheVm. Clt. 1823. Shrub rambling. 10 E. PAKViFLORA (Wall. Cat. no. 2307. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves bifarious, small, spproximate, ovate, acute, obtuse at the base, entire, glabrous, shining ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves; flowers small, densely umbellulate ; peduncles velvety. f^.S. Native of Silhet. far. ji, major (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, larger, a little toothed. Ij . S. Sviall-flowered Embelia. Shrub. 11 E. urophy'lla (Wall. cat. no. 2309. Alph. D. C. 1. c. 131.) quite glabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, entire, coriaceous, shining ; peduncles simple, elon- gated, about equal in length to the leaves; pedicels very short. I^ . S. Native of Singapore. Leaves 2-3 inches long, cuspi- date. Flowers small. Tail-leaved Embelia. Shrub. ■j- Doubtful species. 12 E. Tsje'riam-Cottam (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate or elliptic, quite entire, thiekish, evergreen, paler beneath ; racemes small, axillary, shorter than the leaves ; lobes of corolla roundish. T; . S. Native of Malabar. Tsjeriam-Cottam, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 21. t. 11. Basal, No. 2. Lam. diet. 1. p. 381. Ardisia ; Tsjeriam-Cottam, Rocm. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 518, Racemes solitary or twin. Flowers greenish-brown. Stigma globose. Berry round, reddish, rather acid. Tsjeriam-Cottam Embelia. Shrub or tree. 13 E.? Basa'al (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, aggregate, terminal ; racemes small, lateral, shorter than the leaves ; segments of corolla acute. Ij . S. Native of Malabar and Cochinchina. Ardisia? Basaal, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 517. Basiial, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 23. t. 12. Lam. diet. 1. p. 381. Leaves glabrous, dark green. Flowers small, numerous, white, sweet-scented. Berries small. Basaal Embelia. Tree middle-sized. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. The climbing species answer well for training up the rafters in stoves. XT. CHORIPETALUM (from x^p'c, c/ioW«, separately; and TTiToKoi', peialon, a petal ; the petals are separate, not joined together as in other genera of the order.) Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 131. Myrsines diibia). Wall. Lin. syst. Tetrdndria Monogptia. Calyx 4-cleft, Corolla 4-petalled ; petals falling off separately. Stamens 4, opposite the petals, and combined with them at the base. Anthers shorter than the filaments. Style filiform, shorter than the petals. Ovarium superior, perhaps sometimes abortive, therefore the flowers are sometimes polygamous. Drupe globose, 1 -seeded. — Woody plants, natives of Asia. Leaves alternate, entire, gla- brous, ovate at the base, and narrowed a long way into the petioles. Flowers racemose ; peduncles axillary ; bracteas per- mr,nent, alternate, small ; the inflorescence is therefore that of Embelia. This genus, having the corolla composed of separate petals, verges towards Rliamncacece. 1 C. auranti'acum (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 131.) leaves ovate- lanceolate ; peduncles spike-formed, simple, 3 times shorter than the leaves ; petals lanceolate ; filaments longer than the petals. Ij . S. Native of the Indian peninsida. Myrsine aurantiaca, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 300. cat. no. 2299. Flowers yel- lowish. A large rambling shrub. Orange-like Choripetalum. Shrub rambling. 2 C. undula'tum (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 132.) branches full of elevated callous protuberances ; leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute at both ends, a little undulated, thin, full of pellucid dots ; peduncles 3 times shorter than the leaves ; petals lanceolate, acute, glandularly ciliated. Tj . G. Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore. Myrsine undulata. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 299. A large climbing shrub. Flowers small, scentless, yellowish- white. Undulated-]ea.\ed Choripetalum. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. Tribe III. Ma:'sE.s: (this tribe only contains the genus Mcesa) Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 132. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla 5-lobed, in- duplicate in aestivation. Stamens 5, free, inserted in the base of the corolla, inclosed. Anthers ovoid-cordate, equal in length to the filaments. Ovarium adherent, half-inferior, many-ovulate. Style short ; stigma 3-5 lobed. Seeds small, numerous, angular, fixed to the central placenta Embryo transverse. — Shrubs or trees, natives of Asia and Africa. Leaves alternate, sometimes full of pellucid dots, variable on the same specimen. Racemes usually axillary, simple, or branched, many-flowered ; flowers alternate, on short pedicels ; bracteas 2, almost opposite, near the base of the calyx. XII. MjE'SA (maas, the Arabic name of one of the species.) Forsk. desc. p. 66. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 133. Baeobotrys, Forst. nov. gen. t. 1 1. Blum, bijdr. 864. Sibouratia, Pet. Th. nov. gen. mad. p. 12. Lin. syst. Penthidria Monogijnia. Character the same as that of the tribe. This genus joins the present order to Primu- lacece, through Sanihlus. MYRSINEACE^. XII. Mesa. Panicles or racemes terminal. 1 M. paniculVta (Wall. cat. no. 2320. Alpli. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 133.) quite glabrous; leaves broad elliptic, acute at both ends, large, toothed ; racemes axillary and terminal, elongated slender. f^ . S. Native about Tavoy, in the Burman Empire. Leaves 6 inches long, and 3 broad, mem- branous, shining, a little dotted. Flowers approximate. Stigma 3-lobed. Panicled-Rowered Msesa. Shrub. 2 M. MuscosA (Blum, bijdr. p. 8G6. under Baeobotrys) leaves ovate-oblong, long-acuminated, rather repand, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets ; panicles axillary, fastigiate. h^ . G. Native of Java, among bushes on the mountains. Mossy Msesa. Fl. year. Shrub. S M. virga'ta (Blum, bijdr. SG4, under Baobotrys) leaves ovate-oblong, much acuminated, glandularly denticulated above the base, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets ; racemes compound, twiggy, axillary. I^ . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. Far. (3 ; leaves quite entire. Ij . S. On the top of Mount Gede. Twiggy MsEsa. Fl. year. Shrub. 4 M. LATiFOLiA (Blum, bijdr. p. 806, under Bteobotrys) leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated, glandularly denticu- lated above the base, and are, as well as the branchlets, gla- brous ; racemes axillary, simple. Ij . S. Native of Java, on the top of Mount Gede. Broad-leaved Msesa. Fl. year. Shrub. * * Racemes usually lateral. 5 M. ovVta (Wall. cat. no. 2324. Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 133. t. 4.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, rather cordate, entire, shining on both surfaces ; racemes axillary, elongated, slender, rather longer than the leaves. fj . S. Native of Penang. Branches not dotted. Leaves 2-3 inches long, membranous. Flowers not numerous. Hardly distinct from M. ramentacea. Oi)ft(e-leaved Massa. Shrub. (i M. RAMENTACEA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 231.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, entire, smooth ; panicles terminal, axil- lary, and lateral, ramentaceous. Tj . S. Native of Silliet, where it is called Mulmooriya; and of the Burman Empire, about Rangoon, Moalmyne, and Tavoy. Baeobotrys lilcida, Wall. cat. no. 2323. Leaves 2-6 inches long. Panicles nume- rous, small, crowded with small abortive rusty ramentaceous branchlets. Flowers small, greenish yellow. Berries small, white, succulent. Stigma 2-3-lobed. Ramentaceous Maesa. Shrub. 7 M. MissioNis (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 134.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, entire ; racemes shorter than the leaves. f^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Baeobotrys ? missionis. Wall. cat. no. 6523. Intermediate between M. ramentacea and M. nemoralis. Leaves 1-3 inches long, acutish at the base, a little toothed. Mission Msesa. Shrub. 8 M. nemora'lis (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves ovate- oblong, repandly tooihed ; racemes axillary, short and crowded. Ij . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Mulmooriya. Baeobotrys nemoralis, Forst. nov. gen. p. 22. Vahl. symb. p. 19?. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 232. Mart, choix. de pi. mun. p. 6. t. 6. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Racemes twice the length of the petioles. Flowers small, white. Stigma 3-lobed. Grove Maisa. Fl. March, May. "CIt. 1830. Shrub. 9 M. Buj'mii ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glandularly serrulated from the middle to the apex, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; racemes axillary, simple 12 and compound, shorter than the leaves, f; . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Kipiit hurriet. Bseobotrys lanceolata, Blum, bijdr. 865. Var. a ; leaves oval, acutish at both ends. Jj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Cheribon, and among bushes at Tjiradjas. Var. ft ; leaves rounded at the base ; racemes compound. T^ . S. Java, in woods on Mount Salak. Blume's Msesa. Fl. year. Shrub. 10 M. rNDicA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves from ovate to lanceolate, coarsely serrated ; racemes axillary and ter- minal: tlie terminal ones most generally compound. f^ • Gr. Native of Chittagong and Nipaul. Hook, bot. mag. 2052. Baeobotrys I'ndica, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 230. Bseob. lanceolata, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 19. t. 6. Mas'sa Chisea, D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. Ii8 ?. Mse'sa Forsk. fl. segypt. arab. p. 22. t. 11. Leaves 3-6 inches long, pretty smooth. Racemes usually aggregate. Flowers numerous, pure white. Stigma lobed. The berries, which are white, are eaten by the Parbuteeyas, or hill people of Nipaul. Indian Uxs,a. Fl. Nov. CIt. 1817. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 11 M. lanceola'ta; glabrous; leaves lanceolate, quite entire, acuminated ; racemes twin, many-flowered. Pj . G. Native of Nipaul. Bseobotrys lanceolata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 148. Leaves 3 inches long. Racemes sometimes by threes, or trifid or bifid from the base. LanceolateAeaveA Msesa. Slirub. 12 M. dubia (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 235.) almost glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, coarsely serrated ; panicles axillary, racemose, equal in length to the leaves. F; . S. Native of the East Indies, at Wynaad and Coorg. Branches hardly pubescent, dotted. Leaves 5-6 inches long. Panicles composed of long slender racemes. Flowers very small. Doubtful Maesa. Shrub. 13 M'. arge'ntea (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 233.) young branches villous, old ones downy ; leaves ovate, acuminated, sharply toothed, downy, of a silvery white colour beneath ; racemes axillary, short, t; . G. Native of Nipaul, on Chundra- giri. Branches subscandent. Leaves 6-8 inches long. Racemes downy : having a few alternate branches at the base, giving it the appearance of being fascicled. Flowers dense, white, noddinij. Berries smooth white. Silvery 'Msesa.. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 14 M. macropiiy'lla (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 234. cat. no. 2325,) arboreous, densely villous ; leaves ovate, subcordate, very soft, obtuse or acute, strongly toothed ; panicles axillary and terminid. ^i . G. Native of Nipaul, at Hetounra, and on Chundragiri, Naokote, foot of Sheopore, and on hills called Chiriaghaut. Bseobotrys tomentosa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 148.? Young branches ferruginous. Leaves 6 to 12 inches long. Flowers white, smaller than those of the preceding, as also the berries. Long-leaved Maesa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1818. Tree 10 feet. 15 M. MOLLIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 865, under Bceobotrys,) leaves elliptic, oblong, acute, almost entire, soft beneath, as well as the branchlets; racemes axillary, simple. fj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains. Soft Maisa. Fl. year. Shrub. 16 M. mollIssima (Blum, bijdr. p. 866, under Bceobotrys) leaves oblong, acute, almost quite entire, clothed with silky down above, but very soft beneath, as well as the branchlets ; racemes compound, axillary. Jj.S. Native of Java, on the mountains. I ery soft Maesa. Fl. year. Shrub. Cult. See Ardisia, p. 20, for culture and propagation. MYRSINEACE^. XIII. Corynocarpus. 23 XIII. CORYNOCA'RPUS (from icopvyr,,coryne, a duh; and vapjroc, /iarpos, a fruit, in reference to the shape of the fruit.) Forster, gen. t. 16. Sclireb. gen. y91-. Juss. 2S8. Lin. syst. Penti'indria Monngynici- Calyx of 5 concave se- pals. Corolla of 5 roundish petals, narrowed at the base: alter- nating with as many petal-formed scales, which are furnished each with a gland inside at the base. Stamens 5, rising from the claws of the petals, subulate ; anthers oblong ; style one, short ; stigma obtuse. Drupe terbinately clavate, containing a single 1 -seeded nut. — A shrub, with alternate, stalked, obovate, wedge-shaped, sub-emarginate, quite entire, glabrous leaves ; and terminal, large, sessile panicles of white flowers. 1 C. l.eviga'ta (Forst. 1. c. Lin. syst. 24-2.) Fj . G. Native of New Zealand. Smooth Corynocarpus. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Tree. 20 feet. Cull- For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. •j- Shrubs belonging to the Myrsineacece, but doubtful to which of the genera they appertain. * Natives of Asia. 1 Embe'lia? lucida (Wall. cat. no. 2315. Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 131.) branches grey; leaves oval, alternate, 2-4 inches long, acute at both ends, coriaceous, entire, with revolute hardly dotted edges, having the lateral nerves arched near the margin ; pedun- cles spike-formed, axillary, solitary or twin, 4 times shorter than the leaves, velvety: covered with ovate-acute, imbricating bracteas their whole length ; ovarium sessile, ovoid, in the axils of the bracteas, terminated by a 2-5 lobed stigma, h . S. Native of Singapore. From the ovarium, stigma, and bracteas about the base of the peduncles, it agrees with Myrsine ; but from the flowers being alternate on secund peduncles, it agrees with Embelia. Shining Embelia. Shrub. 2 Embe'lia? coria'cea (Wall. cat. no. 2.314. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) branches blackish, striated ; leaves lanceolate, acute, half a foot long, entire, glabrous, coriaceous, glaucescent beneath, having the lateral nerves hardly evident, besprinkled with small dots on both surfaces ; panicle terminal, elongated, loose, length of leaves; peduncles and pedicels pilose; calyx glabrous; berries round, dotted, glabrous ; style shorter than the berry ; stigma capitate. Ij . S. Native of Penang. Leaves and inflorescence those of Ardisia, but the stigma is capitellate. Coriaccous-XeaveA Embelia. Shrub. 3 Myksine? umbeila'ta (Wall. cat. no. 2312. Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 135.) branches glabrous ; leaves 2-3 inches long, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, a little denticulated, with revolute margins, thickish. slightly dotted ; flowers axillary, on a common short peduncle: covered by ovate, acute, concave, rather ciliated, short bracteas ; pedicels umbellate, filiform, 4-6 in number ; calyx 5- partcd. It . S. Native of Singapore. Inflorescence that of Myrsine. Umbellulale-fio'wereA Myrsine. Shrub. 4 ArdIsia? spicVta (Wall. cat. no. 2273. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves on long petioles : petioles 3 inches long, dilated and marginated, sheathing at the base for the space of one inch : limb ovate, acute at both ends, 3-4 inches long, ]i to 2i inches broad, repandly crenulated, coriaceous, full of pellucid dots, having the nervation very singular for the order : the lateral nerves are numerous, parallel, and very distinct, even to near the margin, with smaller, hardly perspicuous, transverse nerves; peduncles axillary, 1-3 inches long, and are, as well as the pedicels and flowers, rather downy : bearing lateral, many- flowered, or 1 -flowered, alternate branchlets ; pedicels usually umbellate at the tops of the branchlets, 2 lines long; bracteas subulate, caducous ; calyx deeply 5-cleft, with slender, subulate, erectly incurved lobes ; corolla and stamens unknown ; ovarium superior, ovoid, terminated by the filiform style, which is the length of the calyx; berries globose, thick, 1 -seeded, as in Ardisia. V^ . S. Native of Singapore. The inflorescence is that of Choripelalum, The petioles, being dilated at the base, are very like those of Alisma, and it will therefore form a new genus. 6^)!caanulate ; the appen- dages combined with the filaments into a cup-shaped tube. Berry many-seeded, seeds fixed to parietal placentas — .Leaves entire. I. JACQUI'NIA (so named by Linnaeus, in honour of Nicholas Joseph de Jacquin, Professor of Botany at Vienna, born at Leyden in 1727, author of many splendid works). Lin. gen. no. 254. Jacq. amer. 23. Juss. gen. 151. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 250. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Segments of calyx obtuse. Corolla campanulate ; segments of corolla are, as well as the distinct appendages in the throat, obtuse. Stamens 5, inserted in the base of the tube of the corolla ; anthers ovate. Ovarium containing many ovula. Style short ; stigma obtuse. Berry globose, 1-6-seeded. — Branched shrubs and small trees. Leaves scattered, obtuse, or verticillate, quite entire, crowded at the tops of the branches, with revolute edges. Flowers terminal, racemose, or solitary. 1 J. arborea (Vahl, eclog. p. 26. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 250.) leaves opposite, or almost 4 in a whorl, obo- vate-obiong, obtuse, unarmed, glabrous ; flowers racemose. fj . S. Native of the S[)anish Main, about Cumana ; and the island of Montserrat. At Cumana it is called Barbasco. Branches somewhat dichotomous, the lower ones 4 together. Leaves about 1^ inch long, and 6-7 lines broad. Corolla white. Calycine segments ciliated. Lobes of crown or a])pendages scale-formed. Berries red, 1 -seeded. Tree Jacquinia. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. 1829. Tree 20 feet. 2 J. armilla'ris (Jacq. amer. 53. t. 39. pict. t. 3G. Lin. spec. 272.) leaves wedge-shaped, obtuse, unarmed, alternate; flowers racemose. Ij . S. Native of Soutii America, and the West Indies, on calcareous rocks by the coast; Jamaica, Cu- ra^oa, Martinico, Carthagena, &c. — Loefl. itin. 244. t. 277. — Sloan, jam. 2. p. 89. t. 190. f. 2. Branches nodose at the rami- fications, 4-5 in a whorl. Leaves oblong-obovate, sometimes emarginate, but always with a little stiff mucrone. Flowers small, white, with the scent of jasmine. Berry of a reddish orange colour, cont:iining 4 seeds, or thereabouts. ZJrace/ei Jacquinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 J. Caraca'sana (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 3. p. 251.) leaves scattered, lanceolate-oblong, glabrous, terminating in a spiny point, fj . S. Native on the Caraccas shore, between the port of La Gnayra and Cabo Blanco, in dry places. Leaves cuneated at the base, \\ inch long, and 5 lines broad. Berry edible, 4-6 seeded. Seeds imbedded in sweet fleshy pulp. CVnocco.s Jacquinia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 4 J. pube'scens (H. B. et Kunth. I.e. t. 244.) leaves scattered ; upper ones sub-verticillate, obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, and terminating in a spine, downy beneath; flowers race- mose. J^ . S. Native of South America, in the province of Bracamoros, on the banks of the river Amazon, near Tome- penda. J. niucronata, Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 802. Branches sub-verticillate. Leaves 18-20 lines long, and 7-8 lines broad. F'lowers probably white. This species differs from J. macrucarpa, Cav. in the leaves being obovate- oblong, and downy beneath. /)o?i'n(/-leaved Jacquinia. Shrub 4-5 feet. THEOPHRASTE^. I. Jacquinia. II. Clavija. 25 5 J. Berte'rii (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 608.) leaves scattered, siib- spatulate, aeutish, coriaceous, quite jrlabrous ; corymbs terminal, few-flowered. Ij . S. Native of Hispaniola. Berlero's Jacquinia. Shrub. 6 J. macroca'rpa (Cav. icon. 5. p. 55. t. 483.) leaves lanceo- late or lanceolate-obovate, inucronate, glabrous ; flowers race- mose. I; . S. Native of Mexico, by the sea sliore, not far from Panama, Acapulco, &c. Bark violaceous. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers orange-coloured. IJerry orange-coloured, cherry-shaped. Long-fruited Jacquinia. Fl. May, Sept. C to s'feet. Clt. 1825. Shrub FIG. G. Native of South Medeola aculekta, f. 119. Branches Leaves 5-8 in a whorl, an inch long. Flowers Fl. ? Clt. 1729. Shrub 2 to 7 J. AURANTi^cA (Ait. hort. kew. 2d ed. vol. 2. p. 6.) leaves obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ending in a pungent point, gla- brous ; flowers racemose. J? . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Sims, bot. mag. IG39. Branches sub-verticil- late. Flowers orange-coloured, (f. 6.) Orange - coloured flowered Jacquinia. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 179f;. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. S J. RUsciFOHA (Jacq. amer. 54. ed. pict. t. 57.) leaves lan- ceolate, verticillate, glabrous, ending in a spiny taper point; peduncles 1 -flowered, drooping. Ij . S. America, and of Cuba, in mountain-woods. Lin. spec. 339.— Dill. elth. p. 148. t. 123 dichotomou white. Ruscus-leaved Jacquinia. 3 feet. 9 J. ferrugInea (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 668.) leaves alternate, linear, straight, cuspidate, rather coriaceous, rusty beneath, veiny ; peduncles sub-racemose, axillary, few-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Hispaniola. RustijAeaveA Jacquinia. Shrub. 10 J. linea'ris (Jacq. amer. 54. t. 40. f 1. ed. pict. t. 58.) leaves linear, acuminated, pungent, whitish beneath, usually twisted, with revolute edges ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, pen- dulous. I; . S. Native of St. Domingo, on the sea-shore ; and of the Cayman islands, on the shore, within reach of the tide, where we have seen it in great profusion. Habit of Andromeda pol'ifolia. Flowers red. Segments of corolla reflexed. Z/near-leaved Jacquinia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 foot. 11 J. ? VENOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 47.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, veiny, rather membranous. T2 • S. Native of the West Indies. Swartz has omitted this plant in Flora Indiae Occiden- talis. It is probably the Pychotria megalasperma, Vahl. and not a species of the present genus. Veiny Jacquinia. Shrub. Call. Jacquinia is a genus of very pretty shrubs, when in blossom, and are, therefore, very desirable in every collection of stove plants. A mixture of sand and peat is a good soil for them; and if they were watered occasionally with salted water, they would probably grow and flower more freely. Cuttings will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. II. CLAVrJA (named by Ruiz and Pavon, after J. Clavijo Faxardo, a Spanish naturalist) Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. 1. p. VOL. IV. 284. gen. t. 30. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. jan. 1831. — Theophrasta species of authors. Lin. syst. Monadeiphia, Pentdndria. Segments of calyx nearly orbicular, concave, finely and erosely serrulated. Corolla rotate ; segments fleshy, witli finely crenulated margins. Crown of the throat 10-lobed; lobes obtuse, fleshy. Filaments com- bined into a pyramidal tube ; anthers trigonal, combined into a starry disk, with the cells hardly drawn out at the base, at length 4-lobed behind. Style attenuated ; stigma small, trun- cate. Berry globose, crustaceous, 1 -celled, usually many-seeded, rarely 1-2-seeded. Tiie rest as in Theophrasta. — Shrubs with simple, unbranched stems: furnished with a tuft of long, spiny- toothed leaves at top, somewhat in the manner of palm trees. Leaves alternate, crowded so as to appear verticillate, spreading, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulately-veined, with spiny-toothed or quite entire edges ; petioles callous at the base. Flowers terminal, racemose, white or orange-coloured ; they are hermaphrodite, but never dioecious, as said by the authors of Flora: Peruviance. § 1 . Leaves with quite entire edges. 1 C. macroca'rpa (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. et chil. 1. p. 284. gen. t. 30.) leaves spatulate-oblong, acute, stiff, dotted beneath; petioles hardly an inch long; racemes very long, pendu- lous, glabrous, h . S. Native of Peru, in the forests of Cuchero and Muna, where it is commonly called Lucuma de Monte. Leaves 1 to 1-j foot long, with cartilaginous, sub-reflexed edges. Racemes from a span to 1 foot long. Flowers larger than other species of the genus. Berry size of a crab-apple. Large-fruited C\slv\]?l. Clt. 1816. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 2 C. longifolia (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. etchil. 1. p. 284.) leaves spatulate-lanceolate, acuminate, rather membranous ; petioles 3 inches long ; racemes erect, downy. Pj • S- Native of Peru, in Pati and Macora. C. lancifblia, Desf. in nouv. ann. mus. 1. p. 402. t. 14. Leaves 1^ to 2 feet long, and a hand in breadth. Berry size of a cherry. Long-leaved Clavija. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub 8 feet. 3 C. spatulaVa (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 285.) leaves ob- long-spatulate, obtuse ; petioles \\ inch long ; racemes erect, smoothish. ^. S. Native of Peru, in the woods of Pozuzo and Muna. Leaves rather membranous, a foot or more long, and 5 inches broad. Racemes 3-4 inches long. Berry size of a cherry. Spatulate-\es.\e(\. Clavija. Shrub 6 feet. 4 C. pe'ndula (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 285. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1831.) leaves lanceolate; racemes long, pendu- lous. Ij . S. Native of Peru, in the forests of Pozuzo. Z)roo/j/Hg--racemed Clavija. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. §. 2. Leaves with spiny-toothed edges, 5 C. orna'ta (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves long-lanceolate, acute, spiny-toothed ; petioles a nail in length ; racemes drooping ; berries usually 2-seeded. t^ • S- Native of Caraccas, in woods. Theophrasta longifolia, Jacq. coll. 4. p. 136. hort. schoenbr. I. t. 116. Leaves H foot long, acute at the base. Racemes 3 to 4 inches long. Flowers orange-coloured. Berry size of a small cherry. Ornamental Clavija. Clt. 1828. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 6 C. undula'ta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves cuneate-lanceolate, acu- minated, spiny-toothed ; petioleshalf an inch long. Ij.S. Native of Guayaquil. Clavija, spec. nov. Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Leaves hardly a foot long, acute at the base, with the margins sinulately toothed and undulated. Flowers not seen. Undulated-leaved Clavija. Shrub. Cult. Shrubs very like Theophrasta in habit, which see, p. 26. for culture and propagation. E D. H. HILL LIBRARY North Carolina State College 26 THEOPHRASTEiE. III. Theophrasta. IV. Oncinus. V. Leonia.— SAPOTACE^. III. THEOPHRA'STA (so named from Tlieoplirastus, the fatherof natural history.) Juss. gen. Lin. spec. Lindl. colh t. 26. Lin. syst. Pentdndr'ia, Monogi/nia. Calyx campanulate, cartilaginous ; segments elliptic-oblong, with erosely-toothed edges. Corolla campanulate, with a short tube, a dilated penta- gonal throat, and a spreading limb ; throat girded by an elevated, angularly-lobed, fleshy, arched ring. Stamens 5, combined with the tube of the corolla ; anthers furnished with a beak-formed, obtuse appendage. Style attenuated ; stignna capitate. Berry spherical, crustaceous, many-seeded, bursting irregularly; seeds half immersed in the placenta. — This is a small tree, with a simple, unbranched stem : furnished with a tuft of long, evergreen leaves at top, somewhat in the manner of a palm tree. Leaves alternate, crowded so as to appear somewhat verticillate, almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, stiflT, glabrous, pale green, a foot or a foot and a half long, with undulated, dentately spinose margins, usually truncate at the base and apex, paler beneath, very smooth, with a very thick midrib : having the veins hardly evident, except in the dried state. Flowers terminal, racemose ; racemes nunjerous, many-flowered, hidden among the leaves, very short, hardly 2 inches long. Corolla white. Berry size a crab apple, yellowish. 1 T. JussiEu'i (Lind. coll. t. 26.) Ij . S. Native of St. Do- mingo, on the mountains. Th. Americana, Lin. spec. 1. p. 212.? Swartz, obs. p. 58. Th. Henrici, Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. Er^sia foliis aquifolii longissimis. Plum. gen. p. 8. t. 28. icon. t. 126.? Jussieu' s TheoT^hrasta. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Tree 10 feet. Cult. A small tree, handsome on account of its long, holly- like leaves. A mixture of peat, loam, and sand, answers it well ; and cuttings, having the leaves remaining on entire, will take root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. ONCTNUS (from oycivoe, onkinos, a hook ; in reference to the segments of the corolla being hooked.) Lour. coch. p. 123. Lin. syst. Pentandria,Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-notched. Corolla funnel-shaped, fleshy ; limb 5-paned : segments obtuse, all hooked to one side, emarginate ; crown 5-cleft, in the mouth of the tube. Filaments fixed to the middle of the tube, anthers simple. Ovarium globose. Style short. Stigma acute. Berry globose, large, shining, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, roundish, nestling in the pulp. — A clinnbing shrub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, glabrous, shining, opposite. 1 Flowers while, in long, racemose, terminal corymbs. Berry red, edible, sweet, and somewhat astringent. 1 O. Cochinchine'nsis (Lour. 1. c). fj . G. Native of Coehinchina. Theophrasta Cochinchinensis, Spreng. syst. 1 . p. G71. Cochin-china Oncinus. Shrub cl. Cult. See Theophn'tsta above for culture and propagation. V. LEO'NIA (named after Don Francisco Leon, a great promoter of the sciences, who by his munificence assisted in bringing out some volumes of the Flora Peruviana.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. et chil. 2. p. 69. t. 222. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 86. t. 200. f. 4. in letterpress. Steudelia, Mart. 1. c. in tab. 168 and 169. Lin. s\st. Pcntandria, Monogijnia. Calyx small, 5-lobed, deciduous, with scarious edges. Corolla rotately sub-campanu- late. Stamens 5, combined into a pentagonal, cup-shaped tube, inclosing the pistil. Anthers didymous, 2-celled. Berry corti- cate, 1-celled. Seeds many, oblong, attached to parietal placen- tas, (ex Mart. 1. c.) nestling in the pulp. — Trees with alternate, coriaceous leaves, on short petioles, entire, full of pellucid dots, glabrous. Flowers cream coloured, full of glandular dots, dis- posed in axillary racemes or cymes. 12 1 L. racem6sa (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 86. t. 168, and t. 200. f. 4. under Steudelia, in tab.) leaves oblong, ending in a short, acute point ; flowers disposed in drooping, compound, aggregate racemes. >j . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the Amazon, at Serpa ; and of Peru. L. glycicarpa, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per et chil. 2. p. 69. t. 222. Corolla yellow, with obo- vate, concave segments. Seeds obovate. Racemose-Row creA Leonia. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 2 L. CYMOSA (Mart. 1. c. 2. p. 88. t. 169. under Steudelia, in tab.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends ; cymes of flowers bifid, erect. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, at Ega, in woods. Seeds oblong. Cymose- flowered Leonia. Tree 10 to 15 feet. Cult. For culture and projiagation see Theophrasta above. Order CXLV. SAPOTA^CE^E. Sapotse, Juss. gen. p. 151. R. Br. prod. p. 528. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx divided, regular, permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, regular : having the segments equal in number to the divisions of the calyx, rarely double or triple that number, deciduous. Stamens epipetalous, definite, distinct ; fertile ones equal in number to the segments of the calyx, rarely more, and opposite them, but alternating with the segments of the corolla ; sterile ones equal in number to the fertile ones, and alternating with them, sometimes wanting. An- thers usually behind. Ovarium many-celled; cells 1-seeded. Ovula erect. Style 1 ; stigma undivided, sometimes lobed. Berry many-celled, or only 1-celled from abortion. Seeds nucumentaceous, sometimes combined into a many-celled puta- men ; testa bony, shining, with the front more or less scraped away, and opaque. Embryo erect, white, large, usually inclos- ed in fleshy albumen. Cotyledons foliaceous in those seeds fur- nished with albumen, and fleshy in those without, sometimes connate ; with a short straight or a little inclined radicle, looking towards the hilum, and an inconspicuous plumule. — Exotic trees or shrubs, the greater part natives within the tropics, most of which are milky. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, quite entire, coriaceous. Inflorescence axillary. This order is more nearly allied to Ebenaceee than to any other, but differs from it in the species being milky, in the wood being soft, in the stamens being definite, in the flowers being hermaphrodite, in the style being undivided, in the cells of the ovarium being always 1-seeded, in the ovula being erect, in the testa of the seeds being bony, and in many other characters. The plants contained in this order are chiefly valuable for their fruit, which in many cases contribute richly to the dessert. MimHsojJs Elengi, Imbricaria, Commcrsbnii, and Argania Sidc- roxylon are all of this description ; the star-apples of the West Indies, the produce of several species of Chrysophijllum, and par- ticularly of C. Cainito, are esteemed delicious ; and the medlars, lucumas, and sapotillas of equinoxial America, all the fruit of different kinds of A chras are among the most valuable pro- ductions of the Western world. The seeds of all the order are oily ; those of A'chras sapbta are accounted diuretic and ape- rient. Their oil is not fluid, but so concrete as to have the appearance and consistence of butter, whence the name of butter- tree has been applied to different species, both in India and SAPOTACEjE. I. Sersalisia. II. Argania. 27 Africa. The most famous of this description are the Indian I\fava, maliva, or Madlntca, the Bassia butyracea, and the African S/ica-tree, Bassia Pdrltii ; the seeds of the former are so oleaginous, that a single tree has been known to produce three quintals of oil ; the dried flowers of the same tree are mixed by some Indians with their food, and a kind of spirit is distilled from them by others. The juice of all the sapotas is milky, but not acrid and poisonous, like that of most other lactescent orders, but, on the contrary, yielding a wholesome beverage or food. According to Mr. R. Brown, the bark of sonic species of ^V/(i«s and Lmc«ot« is so astringent and febri- fugal as to be substituted for quinquina or Peruvian bark. Sy7)ops'!s of the genera. 1 Sersalisia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 10, 5 fertile and 5 sterile. Stigma undivided. Ovarium 5- celled. Berry 1-5-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous, crustaceous. 2 Arga'nia. Calyx 10-parted, disposed in a double series. Corolla 5-cleft; segments sub-emarginate. Stamens 10, 5 fer- tile, and 5 sterile, petal-like. Drupe containing a 2-S-celled nut, some of the cells usually above, marked by as many furrows as there are cells. 3 SiDERoxYLON. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft, with a denticulated lobe at the base of each segment. Stamens 5, alternating with the 5 teeth or sterile stamens. Berry 5-celled ; cells 1 -seeded, not all fertile ; seeds exalbuminous, bony. 4 Bume'lia. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 10, 5 fertile, alternating with 5 membranous sterile ones. Ovarium 5-celled. Berry 1 -seeded. Seeds albuminous. 5 Nyctertsition. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5, fertile, without any sterile ones. Ovarium 5-celled ; cells 1- seeded. Stigma obtuse. Seeds bony, albuminous. 6 Chrysopiiy'llum. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5, fertile, and no sterile ones. Stigma obsoletely 10-lobed. Berry 10-celled. Seeds bony and albuminous. 7 A'cHRAs. Calyx 6-parted. Corolla 6-cleft. Stamens 12, 6 sterile and 6 fertile. Ovarium 12-G-celled, 12-6-seeded. Seeds albuminous, bony. 8 Lucu'ma. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 10, 5 fertile, and 5 sterile, scale-like. Ovarium 10-5-celled. Berry 1-10-seeded. Seeds bony, exalbuminous. 9 Inoca'rpus. Calyx 2-cleft. Corolla 5-cleft, long and li- near. Stamens 10, inserted in a double row. Stigma concave, sessile. Drupe compressed, ovate, incurved at top, containing a fibry reticulated nut. Embryo exalbuminous. 10 MiMu'sops. Calyx 8-6-parted, in a twin order. Corolla with a double row of segments. Stamens 6-8 fertile (f. 7. a.), and 6-8 sterile (f. 7. a.). Ovarium 6-8-celled. Berry few- seeded from abortion. Seeds albuminous, nucumentaceous. 11 Imbrica'ria. Calyx 8-parted. Corolla with a triple series of trifid segments. Stamens 8 sterile and 8 fertile. Ova- rium 8-celled, 8-seeded. Berry few-celled from abortion. Seeds albuminous, nucumentaceous. 12 Omphaloca'rpum. Calyx many-parted, covered by 11-12 concave scales. Corolla 6-7-cleft; segments alternating with as many fringed scales. Stamens 30-40, disposed in unequal series. Fruit solid, woody, umbilicate, many-celled, many- seeded. 13 Ba'ssia. Calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla 8-parted. Stamens 16, disposed in a double row. Berry 6-8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds without albumen, somewhat trigonal, bony. 14 Laba'tia. Calyx 4-parted, the 2 outer segments the largest. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 8, 4 sterile and scale-formed, and 4 fertile ones inserted in the bottom of the corolla. Berry hard, roughish, 4-celled, rarely 2-celled 4-seeded. Seeds exal- buminous.? 15 Poute'ria. Calyx and corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 8, 4 sterile and bristle-formed, and 4 fertile. Capsule ovate, hispid, 4-valved ; each valve containing an arillate almond-formed seed. 16 Phelline. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla 4-parted. Sta- mens 4, fertile. Capsule 4-celled ; cells corky, dehiscing inside. Seeds solitary. + A genus hardly knoivn. 17 Monta'bea. Calyx tubular, with 5 unequal segments. Corolla funnel-shaped, with unequal segments. Nectary mono- phyllous, or stamens 5-8 combined, fixed to the superior part of the tube of the corolla, 5-toothed at top, with an anther between each of the teeth, which are probably abortive stamens. Stigma globose, obtuse. Berry 3-5-celled, 3-5-seeded. Seeds arillate, umbilicate on one side. I. SERSALI'SIA (named in memory of John Baptist Ser- salis, a Neapolitan ecclesiastic, much praised by Fabius Co- lumna). R. Br. prod. p. 529. — Sideroxylon species of authors. LiN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla 5-cleft. Stamens 10, 5 of which are sterile and scale- formed, and the other 5 fertile and bearing anthers, alternatinCT with the scale-formed sterile ones. Ovarium 5-celled. Stigma undivided. Berry 1-5-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous, with a crustaceous testa, and longitudinal hilum. — Shrubs, with obovate leaves, and axillary, white flowers. The flowers are almost those of Sideroxylon, and the fruit almost that of Bumelia. 1 S. SERicEA (R. Br. prod. p. 530.) leaves ovate or obovate, obtuse, tomentose beneath as well as the peduncles and calyxes ; corollas villous outside, having the tube exceeding the calyx; sterile filaments lanceolate ; style filiform, villous at the base. ^2 . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Sideroxy- lon sericeum. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 262. 6'i%-leaved Sersalisia. Clt. 1772. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 2 S. obova'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate, a little attenuated at the base, rather silky beneath ; calyxes smoothish ; corolla 5-parted, glabrous : with orbicular segments, which much ex- ceed the lanceolate, sterile filaments ; stigma sessile, round. h . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. 06o!)n/e-leaved Sersalisia. Shrub. Cull. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for the species of Sersalisia; and cuttings strike root freely in sand, with a hand-glass over them. II. ARGA'NIA {Argan is the aboriginal name of the tree). Roem. et Schultes, syst. XLVI. Sideroxylon spinosum, Lin. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-IO-cleft; leaflets, or rather scales, roundish, concave, disposed in a double E 2 28 SAPOTACE>E. III. SlDEROXYLON. series. Corolla cup-shaped, 5-parted, witli ovate-lanceolate, sub-emarginate segments ; having 5 petal-like, linear-subulate segments, adhering to the base of the corolla, and alternating with its segments. Stamens 5, filiform, length of corolla, and adnate to its base; anthers incumbent, ovate, keeled on the back. Ovarium conical, hairy. Style glabrous ; length of stamens ; stigma simple. Drupe ovate, terminated by the style, 2-3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds hard, smooth, having a longitudinal furrow inside. — A small evergreen tree. 1 A. SlDEROXYLON (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 502.). ^2 - H. Native of the southern parts of the kingdom of Mo- rocco; abundant in woods situated in the southern provinces, between the rivers Tansif and Sur. Sideroxylon spinosum, Lin. spec. p. 279. exclusive of the syn. of Rhtede, mal. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 14. Dry. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 225. Correa, in ann. mus. 8. p. 393. Elseodendron A'rgan, Retz. obs. 6. p. 26. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1148. exclusive of the syn. Rhamnus pentaphyllus, Jacq. and Boccone. Schousb. mar. p. 89. Rhamnus Siculus, Lin. syst. 3. p. 227. exclusive of the synonymes. — Conim. hort. amst. 1. p. 161. t. 83. An ever- green tree of iniddle size, with a bushy head. Branches ter- minated by strong spines. Leaves lanceolate, entire, bluntish, glabrous, paler beneath ; the lower ones in fascicles. Flowers lateral and axillary, scattered, crowded, sessile. Corolla green- ish-yellow. Fruit dotted with white, size of a plum, full of white, milky juice. /ron-wood Argania. Fl. July. Clt. 1711. Tr. 15 to 20 ft. Cult. The tree will grow against a south wall, but will require the protection of a mat in severe weather in winter. It is to be propagated by cuttings in sand, imder a hand-glass. III. SIDERO'XYLON (from aicripoQ, sidcros, iron, and l,v\ox', xylon, wood ; from the hardness of the wood). Dill, elth. p. 357. t. 265. f. 344. Lin. gen. no. 264. Juss. gen. 151. Gsertn. fruct. 3. p. 123. t. 202. Lam. ill. t. 120. Vent, choix. t. 22. LiN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft, with roundish, concave seginents ; having a lobe in each recess. Stamens 5 (in one species 10), length of corolla, alternating with the teeth inside the corolline seginents, which are probably sterile stamens ; anthers oblong. Style length of stamens. Stigma obtuse. Berry 5-celled, 5-seeded, but some of the cells are usually abortive. Albumen subcartila- ginous. Embryo obliquely ascending. — Evergreen trees, with axillary and lateral fascicles of flowers. * Shrubs unarmed. 1 S. ine'rme (Lin. in Dill. hort. eltli. 357. t. 205. f. 344.) spec. p. 278.) leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, glabrous; flowers in lateral and axillary fascicles. It . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 250. Mill. ill. t. 299. S. A'rgan, Lam. diet. 1. p. 245. ill. no. 2455. t. 120. f.l, Roemeria inermis, Thunb. in Roem. arch. 2. p. 2. Leaves coriaceous, shinintr, 3 inches long, attenuated at the base. Flowers small, with a green calyx and white petals and stamens. Sterile filaments lan- ceolate, acuminated, usually cut. Unarmed Iron-wood. Fl. July. Clt. 1692. Sh. 5 to 6 ft. 2 S. ciNEREUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 244. exclusive of the syno- nymes) leaves obovate, flat, reticulated with veins beneath ; flowers axillary, 1-4 in a fascicle. Tj . S. Native of the Isle of France. — Burm. afr. t. 84. f 2. Branches rufescent. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, dotted beneath. Flowers small, white. Gcfy-barked Iron- wood. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 3 S. NiTiDUM (Blum, bijdr. 675.) leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, shining ; flowers crowded into axillary racemes. Ij . S. Native of Java, in the province of Buitenzorg, in woods on Mount Sulin, where it is called Njalu. Shining Iron-wood. Tree 80 feet. 4 S.? RUGosuM (Roein. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 501.) leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers in axillary fascicles ; fruit wrinkled, acuminated. Ij • S. Native of Jamaica, on the higher mountains. Chrysophyllum rugosum, Swartz, prod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 484. Willd. berl. mag. 3. p. 60. Leaves large, paler beneath. Corolla 10-clefl, 5 of the segments obtuse and 5 very short. Fruit size of a filbert, yellowish brown. Seeds ovate-oblong, compressed. Jl'rinklcd-truhed Iron-wood. Tree. 5 S. ? Cantonie'nse (Lour. coch. p. 122.) leaves palmate, glabrous, on long petioles ; peduncles solitary, axillary, many- flowered. ^2 • Gf. Native of China, in the suburbs of Canton. Shrub climbing. Calyx a small, lanceolate, deciduous spathe. Corolla 5-cleft. Nectarium acutely 5-cleft. Stamens 5. Stigma obtuse. Berry roundish, 4-celled, 1-seeded. Root a large round tube, tapering at the base. This is certainly not a Side- roxylon, nor does it appear to belong to the order. Canton Iron-wood. Shrub cl. 6 S. ? ATRoviRENs (Willd. cuum. suppl. p. 11.) leaves lan- ceolate, acute, smooth, pale beneath, approximate ; flowers small, racemose, axillary, fj . G. Native ? An erect, branched shrub, with greyish white branches ; petioles blackish, brown. Flowers white. Perhaps the same as S. atrovirens. Lam., or probably S. nigricans, Dum. Conrs. Dark-green Iron-wood. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 7 S. Guadalupe'nsis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 666.) unarmed; leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, coriaceous, quite glabrous, pa- rallelly veined beneath ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, axillary. ij . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Guadaloupe Iron-wood. Tree or shrub. 8 S. tojientosum (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 28. t. 28.) leaves oblong, undulated, downy; flowers in axillary fascicles; berry 1-5- seeded. I; . S. Native of the East Indies, on the tops of mountains. Bark ash-coloured. Leaves smooth in the adult state, but clothed with rust-coloined down while young, 3-5 inches long. Flowers small, dull white. Berry ovate, size of an olive. Segments of corolla acutish. S. Wightianum, Wall, no. 4154. appears to be only a more glabrous variety of S. tomenlosum. Tomentose Iron-wood. Clt. 1818. Tree 8 to 10 feet. 9 S. GRANDisoLiDM (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 348.) leaves obovate-elliptic, obtuse or acuminated, tapering downwards, smooth, crowded at the tops of the branches ; flowers globular, in numerous axillary and lateral, crowded fascicles ; segments of corolla obtuse; ovarium densely bearded. Ij . S. Native ofSilhet. Branches angular. Leaves 6-1 2 inches long. Flowers small, pea-green. Stigma truncate. S. regiuni. Wall. cat. no. 415. (a native of Pegu) does not appear to differ from this. Great-leaved Iron-wood. Tree large. 10 S. Wallichia'num ; branches, petioles, and midrib of leaves clothed with rusty villi while young ; leaves large, ellip- tic-oblong, or oblong-obovate, acuminated, on short petioles, crowded at the tops of the branches. I; . S. Native of Penang. S. rugosum. Wall. cat. no. 4158. but not of Roem. et Schultes. Wallich's Iron-wood. 1 ree. lis. nervosum (Wall, cat, no. 4159.) branches, petioles, and midrib of young leaves, calyxes, and pedicels clothed with rusty villi ; flowers rather large, in crowded, close, axillary and lateral fascicles ; leaves large, oblong, with a short acumen, on short thick petioles, rusty beneath. I^ . S. Native of the Burmese empire, at Trogle, on the banks of the Saluen river. Nerved Iron-wood. Tree. SAPOTACEiE. IV. Bumelia. 29 • * Armed shrubs. 12 S. ARMARIUM (Roth. nov. spec. p. G7.) prickles axillary, about equal in length to the petioles ; leaves elliptic, tapering to both ends, downy beneatli, tomentose while j'oung ; pedicels axillary and lateral, crowded. Ij . S. Native of the East In- dies. Very like > . S. Native of the Spanish Main, near Cumana, where it is called Pejoui by the inhabitants. Leaves 1^ inch long. Calycine segments roundish-elliptic, somewhat concave. Corolla hemispherically campanulate, 5-6-parted. Flowers umbellately crowded, small, white. Box-leaved Bumelia. Tree 40 feet. 14 B. LYCioiDES (Gjertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 127. t. 120. Pers. ench. 1. p. 237.) spiny ; leaves broad-lanceolate, bluntish, taper- ing to the base, glabrous ; flowers in axillary fascicles. 1; . S. Native of Carohna, in shady woods. Sideroxylon lycioides, Duham. arb. 2. p. 260. t. 68. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1090. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 12. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 155. Sider. IseVe, Walt. fl. corol. p. 1 00. Lycioides, Lin. hort. cliff, p. 488. Spines subulate. Leaves 2 inches long, deciduous, a little silky while young. Flowers greenish white. Segments of corolla trifid? perhaps from the 2 scales inside each segment. ^'oa:vWov, phyllon, leaf; the leaves of most of the species are clothed with yellow silky down beneath). Lin. gen. 263. Schreb. gen. S55. Juss. gen. 152. — Cainito, Plum. 9. Jacq. amer. 51. Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla campanulately rotate, with a 5-parted spreading limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube of the corolla and opposite its segments, without any scales inside the segments. Ovarium 10-celled; cells 1-ovulate. Stigma almost sessile, somewhat peltately depressed, obsoletely 10-lobed. Fruit globose, 1-10- celled ; cells 1 -seeded ; endocarp bony, brittle. Seeds albu- minous.— Lactescent trees. Leaves alternate, quite entire. Flowers disposed in axillary umbellate fascicles. * Leaves clothed with silky, silvery, or golden tomentum beneath. 1 C. Cainito (Lin. spec. 278. Jacq. amer. p. 51. t. 37. f. 1. ed. pict. p. 30. t. 51.) leaves oblong, acute at the base and apex, quite glabrous above, but silky and rusty beneath. I^ . S. Na- tive of the West Indian islands, and almost throughout South America within the tropics. Cainito, Laet, amer. 390. Plum. gen. 10. t. 69. Sideroxylon Pacurero, Loefl. itin. p. 204. A tall tree with a large head. Branches clothed with silky rusty down. Leaves 3^^ to 4 inches long. Flowers small, whitish. Fruit large, rather depressed, rose-coloured, mixed with green and yellow, having the skin smooth and glabrous : the flesh soft, clammy, sweet, and insipid. The Americans are very fond of it, but it is seldom eaten by Europeans. Var. /3, Jamaicense (Jacq. amer. 1. c. t. 52. pict. t. 31.) fruit purple, sub-ovate. V\ . S. Native of Jamaica. — Brown, jam. 171. t. 14. f. 2. — Sloane, hist. 3. p. 170. t. 229. Fruit with a green or purple rind ; the pulp also purple, and rather better flavoured than the species. It is called Star Apple in Jamaica. J'ar. y, cceruleum (Jacq. amer. 1. c. t. 37. pict. t. 52.) fruit blue, globose. (7 . S. Native of Martinico. Both pulp and rind of the fruit entirely blue, of the same taste as the latter. Var: S, microphyllum (Jacq. amer. pict. p. 31. t. 53.) leaves smaller. T? . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havanna. The tree scarcely grows above 10 feet high, and the leaves do not exceed 14- inch long. Cainito, or Common Star Apple. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1737. Tree 30 to 50 feet. 2 C. aqua'ticum (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 236.) leaves oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the base, quite glabrous and shining above, but clothed with rusty silky down beneath. ij . S. Native of the Missions of the Orinoco, in inundated places on the banks of the river Atabapo, betwixt San Fernando and Javita. Branches angular, silky, brown. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Flowers and fruit unknown. 32 SAPOTACE/E. VI, Chrysophyllum. Aquatic Star Apple. Tree. 3 C. MONOPYRE^NUM (Swartz. prod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 480.) leaves oval or oblong, short-acuminated, clothed with golden-silky tonientum beneath; fruit ovate, ] -seeded. f; . S. Native of Jamaica, Martinico, St. Domingo, &c. among bushes. Hook. bot. mag. 3303. C. oliviforme, Lam. diet. 1. p. 552. no. 2. C. Cainlto, Mill. diet. no. 1. C. Cainito, /3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1083 — Burm. amer. t. 69. Branchlets flexible, clothed with rusty tomentum. CoroUine segments ovate-acute. Fruit bluish, obtuse. Wood resembling that of box. Bark rufescent, dotted with white. Style crowned by 5 rufous stigmas. Called Damson plum by Browne. One-seeded Star Apple. FL? Clt. 1812. Tr. 20 to 30 ft. 4 C. acumina'tum (Lam. ill. no. 2469. Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 15, but not of Wall.) leaves ovate, acuminate, with parallel stripes: pale, shining, and tomentose beneath. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne and St. Domingo. Branches terete. Leaves clothed with rusty, shining tomentum beneath, Calycine seg- ments ovate, concave. Acuminated-\ea.\e(}i Star Apple. Tree. 5 C. BicoLOR (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 15.) leaves ovate, rather acuminated, clothed with golden and silvery silky down beneath, but glabrous and shining above; fruit pear-shaped. I;. S. Native of Porto Rico. Very nearly allied to C. acuminatum, but the branches are more flexuous ; the lea' es have one half silvery and the other golden yellow beneath. Fruit size of a small nut, pulpy. Two-coloured-\eaveA Star Apple. Tree. 6 C. ANGUSTiFOLiUM (Lam. ill. 2. p. 44. no. 2470.) leaves lanceolate, shining, with parallel stripes, clothed with rusty silky down beneath ; fruit olive-formed. I^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 16. Allied to C. monopyrenum ; but the leaves resemble those of Olive or Privet, and are, there- fore, much smaller. Fruit usually 2-seeded, irregular at the base. Nairoiv-leavcd Star A])p\e. Clt. 1819. Tree 20 feet. 7 C. arge'nteum (Jacq. amer. p, 53. t. 38. f. 1. ed. pict. p. 31, t. 54.) leaves ovate-oblong, falcately acuminated, glabrous and shining above, but clothed with silky silvery down beneath ; fruit round. Ij . S. Native of Martinico. Fruit of a dirty purplish blue colour, size of an ordinary plum: containing a soft, bluish, edible pulp. .S'(7i'fr7/-leaved Star Apple. Fl.? Clt. 1758. Tree 20 feet. 8 C. microca'rpum (Swartz. prod. 1. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 482.) leaves ovate, acute, glabrous above, and downy beneath ; fruit oblong, oblique, 1 -seeded. I; . S. Native of Hispaniola, on the banks of rivers. Distinguished from C. glahrum, in the higher stature, in the leaves being downy and paler beneath. Corolla with a white tube, silky outside : with concave, obtuse segments. Fruit size of a gooseberry, fixed obliquely to the pedicel, of a very sweet, delicious taste. Small-fruited Star Apple. Tree. 9 C. macrophy'llum (G. Don, in hort. trans. 5. p. 458. Loud. hort. brit. p. 69.) leaves large, oblong-lanceolate, clothed with rusty silky down beneath, Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Leaves long and large. Fruit large. Long-leaoed Star Apple. Clt. 1824. Tree 50 to 60 feet. 10 C. obova'tum (G. Don, in hort. trans. 5. p. 458,) leaves obovate, tapering to the base, and acuminated at the apex, shining and green above, but clothed with silvery silky white tomentum beneath. I? , S. Native of Sierra Leone. A small branchy tree. Obovate-XeaveA Star Apple. Tree 10 to 12 feet. lie. a'i.bidum ; leaves elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, acumi- nated, shining above, but clothed with white down beneath ; fruit roundish-ovate, pointed, 5-seeded. Jj . S. Native of the African island of St. Thomas. Flowers whitish. Perhaps a species of Nycler'is'Uion. WhileAeaveA Star Apple. Tree 50 to 60 feet. 12 C. HuMBOLDTl.'i'NUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 813.) leaves ovate, acuminated, acute, attenuated at the base, shining above, and clothed with rusty silky down beneath, h . S. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. C. acuminatum, Willd. herb. This species is unknown to Kunth. HumhoklCs Star Apple. Tree. 13 C. obtusa'tum (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schidtes, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, nerveless, acuminated, clothed with rusty silky down beneath. Pj . S, Native of South America, on the banks of the river Atabapo. Humb. et Bonp. Unknown to Kunth. Perhaps C. aqiiaticum, Kunth. B/unlish-\ea\ed Star Apple. Tree. * * Leaves glabrous on both surfaces. 14 C. MicHiNO (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 236.) leaves obovate, bluntish, acute at the base, quite glabrous, and of the same colour on both surfaces, Tj . S. Native of the pro- vince of Bracamoras, near Cavico and Matara, where it is called Michino by the natives. Branches terete, glabrous, fuscescent. Leaves ajiproximate, 2-3 inches long. Fruit yellow outside, whitish and clammy inside; very grateful, edible. Michino Star Apple. Tree 40 to 50 feet. 15 C. ? RUGosuM (Swartz. prod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 484). leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous on both surfaces ; fruit nearly globose, wrinkled, acuminated. ^ . S. Native of the west of Jamaica, on the mountains. Leaves large, obtuse, un- dulated, paler beneath. Calyx and pedicels rusty. Corolla with a very short tube : and ovate, obtuse segments, furnished with 5 small secondary ones, between the others. Fruit size of a nut, yellowish brown ; containing many oblong, compressed seeds. This is certainly not a species of Chrysophi'/llum, from the corollas being furnished with scales inside, as in Bumelia, of which probably it is a species. It differs from other species of this genus, in the leaves, flowers, and fruit. Wrinkled-irywteA Star Apple. Tree. 16 C? MAc6ucou(Aubl. guian. 1, p. 233. t. 92.) leaves gla- brous on both surfaces, ovate-oblong, acuminated ; fi uit pear- shaped, yellow, glabrous, and smooth. Ij . S. Native of Guiana. Lara. diet. l.p. 552. C. pyriforme, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1084. Bark greyish yellow. Wood hard, white. Leaves pale green. Fruit by twos or fours, the whole length of the branches ; having a fleshy, yellowish, thick rind, covering a nut, which is much excavated on one side, edible. Perhaps this, with Bume- lia nervosa, and C. rugosum, will form the genus named Vilella- ria by Ga2rtn. Macoucou Star Apple. Tree 30 feet. 17 C. poMiFORME (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 667.) leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, and quite glabrous on both surfaces, opaque, finely and parallelly veined, coriaceous ; pedi- cels very short, sub-aggregate ; iruit apple-shaped. Ij . S. Native of Jamaica. Apple-formed-fruhed Star Apple. Tree. 18 C. SEssiLiFLORUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 16.) leaves coria- ceous, glabrous on both surfaces, obovate : with distant, alternate nerves; flowers sessile, fasciculate. h . S. Native of Cayenne. Form and size of the leaves that of Bumelia nervosa. Leaves shining above, and pale beneath. Flowers downy outside, sessile, and pedicellate. Sessile-flowered Star Apple. Tree. 19 C. gla'brum (Jacq, amer. p. 53. t. 38. f 2. ed. pict. p. 31. t. 55. Lin. spec. 278.) leaves ovate-oblong, quite glabrous on both surfaces ; fruit elliptic and smooth. t^ . S. Native of Martinico. Mill. diet. no. 2. Leaves hardly 2 inches long. Fruit blue, form and size of a small olive, seldom eaten except bv children. SAPOTACE^E. VI. Ciirysophyllum. VII. Aciiras. VIII. Lucuma. 33 Jar. /3 ,• paucijlbrum (Lam. ill. no. 2 173.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, almost glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers few together. G/ai/oHi- Star Apple. Clt. 1823. Tree 15 feet. 20 C. KoxBURGHii ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous on both surfaces ; fruit globose, 5-seeded. Ij . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called F(7«^ac«. C. acuminatum, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 3-t6, but not of Lam. Leaves with parallel veins, 3-4 inches long. Pedicels recurved. Stigma 5-lobed. Fruit size of a small crab, yellow when ripe, smooth, and is greedily eaten by the na- tives of Silhet, although insipid ; the pulp is tolerably firm, but excessively clammy, adhering to the lips or knife with great tenacity. Roxburgh's Star Apple. Tree middle-sized. 21 C. NiTiDUM (Meyer, esseq. p. 116.) leaves oval, drawn out at the apex, obtuse and emarginate, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above. Ij . S. Native of the continent of America, about Essequibo, in woods. Branches terete, clothed with rusty, adpressed, silky tomentum, when young. Leaves 3 inches long. Calyx tomentose, with roundish segments. Corolla downy : with ovate, obtuse, rather concave segments. Ovarium villous. Stigma crowned by 5 tubercles, full of liquid. • . S. Native of Peru, on the Andes. A'chras Caimito, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 18. t. 240. A lofty tree, with a frondose head. Fruit softer, with a better flavour than the preceding ; pulp soft, yellow. Corolla ovate-tubular, yellowish. Calyx 4-parted, fulvous. The fruit is called Caimitos, and the tree Caimito, in Peru. The wood is yellow, and used for various useful purposes. Caimito Mammee Sapota. Tree 50 to 100 feet. 3 L. Bonpla'ndii (Humb. mss. ex H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 240.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, cuneated at the base, papery : having the nerves and veins, as well as the petioles and calyxes, downy. Pj . S. Native of Cuba, cultivated about the Havanna. Branchlets pilosely tomentose. Leaves 8-9 inches F 34 SAPOTACE.'E. VIII. Lucuma. IX. Inocarpus. X. Mimusops. long, and 2-3 broad. Calyx 9-12 parted; segments ovate, im- bricate, pilose outside. Sterile stamens scale-formed, acumi- nated. Fruit ovate, 4-6 inches long. Bonpland's Mammee Sapota. CIt. 1822. Tree 60 feet. 4 L. Campeciiianum (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated, acute at the base, membranous, gla- brous, shining ; flowers 3 in a fascicle ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with fine, canescent tomentum. T; . S. Native of Mexico, about Campeche. Leaves 8-9 inches long, paler beneath. Segments of corolla and calyx obtuse. Sterile sta- mens scale-formed, oblong-lanceolate. Ovarium ovate, globose, having 5 cells; cells 1-ovulate. Habit of Chrysophy'llum macrophy'llum. Lam. Campec/iy Mammee Sapota. Tree. 5 L. sALiciFOLiuM (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 241.) leaves lan- ceolate, a little acuminated, narrowed at the base, membranous, glabrous, shining ; flowers twin ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with fine tomentum. T; . S. Native of Mexico, where it is called Sapote-borocho. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and 1 mch broad, paler beneath. Sterile stamens lanceolate-linear, longer than the fertile ones. Ovarium ovate, hairy. «^(7/oH'-/ea!,W Mammee Sapota. Clt. 1823. Tree. 6 L. Tema're {H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, sub- acuminated, narrowed at the base, undulated, membranous, glabrous. ^ . S. Native about the Orinoco, in woods, where it fs called Temare. Leaves 6-7 inches long, paler beneath. Fruit ovate, fleshy, clammy, 3-seeded. Very like the preceding species. Teniarc Mammee Sapota. Tree. 7 L. obovVtum (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves obovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, rather membranous, glabrous ; flowers solitary, or 2-3 together ; calyxes and pedun- cles clothed with fine rusty down. V^ . S. Native of Peru, near the town of Loxa, in the temperate regions, where it is called Lucuma. A'chras Lucuma, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 17. t. 239. Pers. syn. l.p. i>35. Tree with a globose head. Leaves 4 inches long. Flowers about the size of those of A'chras Sapdta. Segments of calyx and corolla greenish, roundish obtuse. Sterile stamens linear, a little ciliated. Fruit depressedly globose, green, glabrous, yellow and clammy inside, crowned by a scaly ring, 1-5 seeded, but usually 3-seeded. The wood is compact and wliite, and used for various economical purposes. 06oyaj . S. Native of Malabar, Coromandel, and Ceylon ; in the former place it is called IlUpe, and in the latter Mielc. Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 104. Lam. ill. t. 398. A lofty tree, with recurved branches, which are clothed with grey down. Leaves approximate at the tops of the branches, 6 inches long, deciduous. Peduncles at length elongated and drooping, crowded round the ends of the young shoots. Seeds smooth, shining yellow. This tree is called by the Tamuls Illiepi or Illcepie. The oil pressed from the fruit is used for lamps ; it is the principal ingredient in makmg country soap. It is to the common people a substitute in place of ghee and cocoa-nut oil in their curries and other dishes. F 2 36 SAPOTACE.E. XIII. Bassia. XIV. Labatia. They make cakes of it, and many of the poor get their liveli- hood by selling these sweet oil cakes. The cake, left after the oil is expressed, is used for washing the head, and is carried as a small article of trade to those countries where these trees are not to be found. The flowers, which fall in May, are gathered by the common people, dried in the sun, roasted, and eaten as food. They are also bruised and boiled to a jelly, and made into small balls, which they sell, or exchange for fish, rice, &c. The leaves are boiled with water, and given as a medicine in several diseases. The milk of the green fruit, and of the tender bark is given also as a medicine. The bark is a cure for the itch. The wood is as hard and as durable as teak, but not so easily worked, nor is it procurable of such a length. Squir- rels, lizards, country dons, and jack.als eat the flowers, and the report is that the latter are apt to grow mad by too much feed- ing on them. Long-leaved Cassia. Clt. 1811. Tree 40 feet. 2 B. SERicEA (Blum, bijdr. 671'.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, clothed with silky down beneath ; peduncles axil- lary, crowded, 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles. Tj . S. Native of Java, in woods, in the province of Tjanjor, on the mountains of Parang. Perhaps suflnciently distinct from B. longijblia . SUIcy Bassia. Fl. July. Tree 40 to 50. 3 B. LATiFOMA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 20. t. 19.) leaves oblong or elliptic ; pedicels drooping, terminal ; stamens 20-30, within the gibbous tube of the corolla, on short filaments. tj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains of Bengal and the Circars. Madhnca is the Sanscrit name, see asiat. res. vol. 2. p. 301. and 4. p. 280. Lpte is the Telinga name; Ma/iva, Muhooa, and Muhoola of the Bengalese. Corolla thick and fleshy, with a more than 8-lobed limb ; lobes cordate. Leaves smooth above and whitish beneath, 4-8 inches long and 2-4 broad. Limb of corolla 7-14-parted. Berry I-4-seeded. The wood is hard, very strong, and proper for naves of wheel carriages. The flowers are eaten raw by the natives of the mountainous parts of the Circars, and by jackals. An ardent spirit is distilled from them by the hill peo|)le, which is strong and intoxicating. The seeds yield a large quantity of oil by expression, which is used only by the poorer people to burn. On the apices of the flowers, before they open, there is fre- quently a drop of whitish, soft, tasteless resin to be found. Broad-leaved Baasia. Clt. 1799. Tree 40 feet. 4 B. obova'ta (Forst. prod. no. 200.) leaves obovate ; pedi- cels aggregate, terminal. Tj . S. Native of the Isle of Tanna. 06ot)n(e-leaved Bassia. Tree. 5 B. cunea'ta (Blum, bijdr. 675.) leaves cuneate-oblong, bluntish, glabrous; peduncles subumbellale, axillary, 1-flowered, about equal in length to the petioles. Ij . S. Native of Java, on mounts Salak and Gede. Very nearly allied to B. oho- vata. Cuneated-\ea\eA Bassia, Fl. Aug. Tree 60 to 80 feet. 6 B. Pa'rkii ; leaves obovate, coriaceous. Tj . S. Native of Africa, in the kingdom of Bambara. This is the Shea tree mentioned by Mungo Park in his travels ; of which he says, " the people were every where employed in collecting the fruit of the Shea trees, from which they prepare a vegetable butter. These trees," he says, " grow in abundance all over this part of Bambara. It is not cultivated by the natives, but grows wild in the woods, and in clearing woodlands for cultivation every tree is cut down but the Shea. The butter is obtained from the kernel of the fruit, first dried in the sun; and is prepared by boiling the kernel in water, which has somewhat the appearance of a Spanish olive. The kernel is enveloped in a sweet pulp, under a thin green rind, and the butter produced from it, besides the advantage of its keeping the whole year round without salt, is whiter, firmer, and, to my palate, of a better flavour than the best butter I ever tasted, made of cows' milk. The growth and preparation of this commodity appears to me to be one of the first objects of the natives in this and the neighbouring states, as it constitutes the main article of inland commerce. The butter serves also for every domestic purpose in which oil would otherwise be used ; the demand for it is therefore great. iS7(ea Toulon literally means, in the language of the Africans, tree- butter."— Park, trav. p. 26. pp. 202, 203. Park's Bassia. African Butter Tree, or Shea Tree. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 7 B. butyra'cea (Roxb. asiat. res. 8. p. 477. fl. ind. p. 527. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 146.) leaves obovate, tomentose be- neath ; pedicels aggregate, and are as well as the calyxes woolly ; anthers glabrous, subulate at the apex. Tj . S. Na- tive of Nipaul, at Narainhetty ; and on the Almora hills. Leaves a span long and 4-5 inches broad, coriaceous, obovate, or obovate-oblong. Drupe oval. Corolla thin, 8-cleft. Stamen.s 30-40, on longish filaments. B. hutyracea is called Fulnah or Phulwarah in Almorah. It produces a pure vegetable butter. The kernels of the fruit are bruised into the consis- tence of cream, which is then put into a cloth bag, with a moderate weight laid upon it, and left to stand till the oil or fat is expressed, which becomes immediately of the consistence of hogs'-lard, and is of a delicate white colour. Its uses in medicine are much esteemed in rheumatism and contractions of the limbs. It is also used by the natives of rank per- fumed as an unction. The pulp of the fruit is eaten by some. Buttery Bassia. Clt. 1823. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 8 B. ? DU^BiA (Gcertn. fruct. 2. t. 105.). T^ . S. Native of the East Indies. — Rumph. amb. 3. t. 184.? Seeds large, half- moon shaped, shiny, bony, of a dark chestnut colour, except the rugged, pale, almost white, umbilical area. It is not said whether the seeds are albuminous or exalbuminous, in which case the genus to which this tree belongs is very doubtful. Doubtful Bassia. Tree. 9 B. viLLosA (Wall. cat. no. 4165.) leaves broad-oblong- obovate, obtuse, villous beneath, glabrous and green above ; pedicels aggregate, and are, as well as the flowers, villous. Vl . S. Native on the Taong Dong mountains, near Ava. Villous Bassia. Tree. 10 B.? polya'ntha (Wall. cat. no. 4166.) glabrous; leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, or oblong-obovate, acutish, rusty beneath ; pedicels aggregate, rusty, and are, as well as the calyxes downy ; petals entire. I^ . S. Native of Silhet. Many-flowered Bassia. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see C'hrysoj)lujllmn, p. 33. XIV. LABATIA (so named after J. Baptiste Labat, a Do- minican friar, a great writer and traveller ; author of Voyage aux Antilles, Paris. 1721 and 1743. 12mo. ; Haye, 1724. 4to. ; Voyages en Espagne et en Italic, Paris, 1730. &'c.). Svvartz, prod. p. 32. (exclusive of Pouteria, Aubl.) fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 264. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 70. Lin. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, the 2 outer segments the largest. Corolla tubularly urceolate, 4- cleft, furnished with as many scales (abortive stamens), in the incisures between the lobes. Stamens 4, inserted in the bottom of the corolla. Anthers ovate. Berry hard, roughish, 4-celled, rarely 2-celled. Seeds with a thick crustaceous testa, attached to parietal placentas. — Evergreen trees. Leaves sub-alternate, crowded towards the tops of the branches, quite entire, firm, exstipulate, furnished with shining pili, which are attached by their middle. Flowers small, axillary, aggregate, on short pedi- cels. Fruit brownish. 1 L. macroca'rton (Mart, nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 71. t. 160.) SAPOTACE^. XV. PouTERiA. XVI. Piielline. XVIT. Montabea. EBENACEiE. 37 leaves oblong lanceolate ; flowers on sliort pedicels : berry large, roughish from powder. 1; . S. Native of Brazil, in the pro- vince of Rio Negro, on the shady banks, in humid places, of the river Japura. Corolla white, hardly higher than the calyx. Leaves a span long. Large -fruited Labatia. Tree 50 feet. 2 L. sEssiLiFLORA (Swartz, prod. p. 23. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 261-.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acimiinated, silvery, but of a golden silky colour in the young state ; flowers small, sessile, usually solitary, in the axils of the leaves on the older branches, fj . S. Native of Hispaniola. Flowers white. Scssile-Jiowered Labatia. Shrub 8 feet. Cull. For culture and propagation see Chrysophy'llum, p. ^3. XV. POUTERIA (called in Guiana Pourama-Pouteri by the Caribs). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 86. t. 33. — Labatia species, Swartz. Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynta. Calyx 4-parted. Co- rolla inserted in the bottom of the calyx, tubularly ventricose, 4-cleft, furnished with a bristle (abortive stamens) in each of the incisures between the lobes. Stamens 4, inserted in the bottom of tiie corolla. Stigma 4-cleft. Capsule ovate, hispid, 4-valved, each valve containing an almond-formed arillate seed. — A tree, furnished with tufts of leaves at the tops of the branches. Flowers aggregate, axillary, pedicellate, usually 1-3 together. 1 P. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c). V^ . S. Native of Guiana, in forests by the river Sinemari. Labatia Guianensis, Swartz. Bark wrinkled. Wood hard, compact, whitish. Leaves alter- nate, glabrous, ovate-oblong, firm, ending in a blunt point ; the largest 8 inches long and 3 wide. Corollas greenish, Guiana Pouteria. Fl. Nov. Tree 40 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Chrysophy'llum, p. 33. XVI. PHELLFNE {(ptWunj, from 0fX\oc, phellos, cork; because of the cells of the capsule being corky). Labill. sert. cal. 35. t. 38. LiN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogyiiia. Calyx sinall, 4-toothed, permanent. Corolla subrotate, 4-parted. Stamens 4, inserted in the bottom of the corolla. Style short. Stigma 4-toothed. Cap- sule 4-celled : cells corky, dehiscing inside. Seeds solitary. — A shrub, with linear-lanceolate, sub-spatulate, alternate leaves, which are crowded at the tops of the branches, acuminated, a little toothed, glabrous, glaucous beneath, and with thickish reflexed edges. This genus is nearly allied to Pouteria, Aubl. and Labatia, Swartz. 1 P. coMosA (Labill. 1. c). Ij . G. Native of New Cale- donia. TuftedAeaveA Phelline. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Sersalisia, p. 27. XVII. MONTA^BEA (Aimont-Abou is the Guiana name of the first species) Aubl. guian. 2. p. 680. t. 274. — Mutabea, Gmel. — Cryptostomum, Willd. — Ac6sta, Ruiz et Pav. gen. pi. per. et chil. p. 1. t. 1. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogyiiia. Calyx tubular, ventri- cose at the base : witii 5 unequal obtuse segments. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a very short tube, fixed to the mouth of the calyx; segments 5, unequal, oblong, obtuse, mucro- nulate. Nectary monophyllous, closing the corolla, or sta- mens 5, combined into 1 filament, fixed to the superior part of the tube of the corolla, 5-toothed, incurved at top, with an anther on each of the teeth, Stigma globose, obtuse. Berry 3- 5-celled, 3-5-seeded. Seeds involved in pulp, arillate, umbilicate, on one side. — Sarmentose shrubs, with alternate, entire leaves ; and short, few-flowered, axillary peduncles. Flowers small, white. 1 M. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian, 2. p. 680. t. 274.) branches sarmentose, unarmed ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles short, 4-5-flowered ; anthers 5. Tj . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, in fields. Mutabea Guianensis, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 1009. Cryptostomum laurifolium, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1061. Stems sarmentose, twisted. Leaves 4 inches long and 14 broad. Flowers small, white, smelling like those of Lilac. Berry yellow, 3-celled, 3-seeded. Guiana Montabea. Shrub 6 feet, rambling. 2 M. Aco'sT^E (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 527.) branches sar- mentose, prickly ; prickles recurved ; leaves oblong, acumi- nated, glabrous ; anthers 8, combined ; fruit 5-celled, 5-seeded. T? . S. Native of Peru, in groves, at Cuchero and Chincao. Acosta aculeata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 5. t. 6. Spikes crowded. Flowers white. Fruit yellow, size of an apple. Seeds fulvous. From the similitude of the fruit to that of jfchras Caimito, it is called Caimito de Monte, and is edible, and grateful to the taste. Acosta s Montabea. Fl. May. Shrub sarmentose. Cult. See Chrysophy'llum, p. 33, for culture and propagation. Order CXLVI. EBENA'CE.S; (so called from containing the Diospyrus Ebenum, the true Ebony.) Vent. tabl. 443. R. Br. prod. p. 524. Guaiacanse, part I. p. 155. Ebenaceae, Tribe Diosp^rese, D. C. et Dub. fl. fr. 320. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, rarely hermaphrodite. Calyx 3-6 parted, nearly equal, permanent. Corolla mo- nopetalous, hypogynous, regular, rather coriaceous, for the most part downy outside, and glabrous inside, deciduous ; limb 3-6-parted, imbricate in jestivation. Stamens definite, epipetalous or hypogynous ; filaments double the number of the segments of the corolla, sometimes 4 times that num- ber ; sometimes equal in number to the segments, and alternat- ing with them ; in hermaphrodite flowers the filaments are simple ; in polygamous and dioecious ones, they are double, having both the segments bearing anthers, the inner segment usually shorter than the outer one ; anthers fixed by the base, lanceolate, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise, sometimes bearded ; pollen smooth, globose. Ovarium sessile, many-celled, not girded by a disk ; cells 1-2 seeded ; ovula hanging from the top of the cells. Style divided, rarely simple ; stigmas bifid or trifid. Berry globose or oval, usually few-seeded, by abortion : having the bark or rind sometimes separating. Testa of seed membranous ; proper membrane obsolete. Albumen conform- ing to the seed, cartilaginous, white. Embryo slender, rather oblique, straight, white, usually longer than half the length of the albumen ; cotyledons foliaceous, rather veiny, lying on each other, sometimes a little separate ; radicle terete, middle-sized or long, tending to the umbilicus ; plumule inconspicuous. — Non-lactescent trees and shrubs, with wood heavy as the Ebony. Leaves alternate, ex-stipulate, quite entire, coria- ceous, broadish, having the petioles obsoletely articulated to the branches. Inflorescence axillary ; peduncles solitary, those bearing the male flowers divided, and those bearing the female flowers usually simple and 1 -flowered, all minutely bracteate. This order is nearly allied to Oleince, with which it agrees in the interior structure and placentation of the seeds ; but it differs in the leaves being alternate, in the inflorescence being always axillary, and in the flowers being unisexual, and in the sta- 38 EBENACEiE. I. Diospyros. mens being double, &c., while the flowers of Olmics are her- maphrodite, and the stamens simple. Some of the order are hardy trees or shrubs, with deciduous leaves and white flowers, natives of woods, mountains, and banks of streams, in North America, Europe, and New Holland. Others are tropical evergreens. Of the latter, many of the Diospijri produce edible fruit ; as, for example, the Mahola of the Piiilippine Islands, which is as large as a peach ; and the Kdki of Japan, which resembles an apricot. All these fruits are remarkable for their extreme austerity before maturity, and the necessity of letting them decay like the medlars before they are fit for the table. These are also distinguished for the excessive hardness of their wood, and for the black colour it sometimes acquires when old, as the Ebony. The bark of Diospyros Virginmna is used in North America in intermittent fevers. S'jnopsis of the genera. 1 DiosPY^ROS. Flowers polygamous. Calyx deeply 4-cleft, sometimes 3-6 cleft. Corolla urceolate, with the same number of divisions as in the calyx. Stamens in the male flowers, twice the number of the segments of the corolla. 2 Embryopteuis. All as in Diospyros, except in the stamens of the male flowers being 4 times the number of the segments of the corolla. 3 Para LEA. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla thick, with a short tube and a 4-cleft limb. Stamens in the male flowers 4 times the number of the segments of the corolla, with simple filaments ; in the hermaphrodite flowers about 8, and the ovarium 8-celled, 8- seeded. 4 Roye'na. This genus differs from Diosjyyros in the flowers being hermaphrodite, and usually 5-cleft, in the filaments being simple, and in the ovarium being 4-6-8-celled. 5 Diplone'ma. Flowers polygamous ; stamens in the male flowers 4 times the number of the segments of the corolla ; fila- ments double ; anthers bearded. Ovarium 4-6-celled. 6 Diclidanthe'ra. Flowers hermaphrodite, pentamerous. Co- rolla funnel-shaped ; anthers sessde, 2-valved from the base, probably double. Berry 5-celled ; cells 1 -seeded ; some of the cells abortive. 7 Cargillia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx semi-4-cleft. Co- rolla with a 4-cleft limb. Stamens 8 ; filaments double. Ova- rium 4-celled. 8 Ma'ba. Flowers dioecious. Calyx semi-trifid. Corolla urceolate, 3-cleft. Stamens 3-6 ; filaments simple, or the alter- nate ones are twin. Ovarium 3-celled. I. DIOSPY'ROS (from Iioq, dios, divine ; and irupoc, J'y'os, wheat ; divine wheat ; called by Pliny Granum Jovis, or Jupiter's Wheat.) Lin. gen. no. 1161. Juss. gen. 156. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 478. t. 179. R. Br. prod. p. 525.— Ebenus, Comm — Guaiacana, Tourn. 371. Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dioccia. Flowers polyijamous. Ca- lyx deeply 4-cleft, sometimes 3 or 6-cleft. Corolla urceolate, 4-cleft, sometimes 3 or 6-cleft. Male flowers having the sta- mens inserted by pairs into the base of the corolla, twice the number of its segments, with double or twin filaments, and the rudiment of a pistil. Hermaphrodite flowers, having fewer and sterile .stamens. Ovarium 8-12-celled; cells 1 -seedbed. Berry globose, with a spreading calyx, which is at length reflexed. Albumen horny. Trees and shrubs. Flowers white, or pale yellow. * Leaves downy beneath. 1 D. LOTOS (Lin. spec. 1510.) leaves oblong, acuminate, downy beneath ; leaf-buds hairy inside. 1? . H. Native of the southern parts of Caucasus, woods of Hyrcania, and the whole coast of the Caspian, Italy, and Mauritania. Willd. spec. 4. p. 407. Mill. icon. t. 116. Pall, fl.ross. 1 . p. 20. t. 58.— Wangh. amer. 84. t. 28. f. 58. Ger. emac. 1495. f. 1.— Park, theatr. 1523. f. 3. Flowers small, reddish white. Fruit size of a cherry, yellow when ripe, sweet with astringency ; it is recom- mended as a cure for diarrhoea. European Lotos, or Common Date Plum. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1596. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 2 D. pube'scens (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 265.) leaves oblong, acute, downy beneath ; petioles long; fruit few-seeded. Ij . H. Native of North America, in the lower counties of Vir- ginia, Carolina, and Georgia. Though Michx. in his abr. for. makes this as only a variety of D. Virginiana ; Pursh con- siders it a distinct species, not only on account of the diflPerence in the structure of the fruit, but in the shape and downiness of the leaves. £)ojray-leaved Date Plum. Fl. April. Clt. 1812. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 3 D. Orixe'nsis (Klein, ex Willd. 1. c.) leaves oblong, obtuse at the base, acutish at the apex, glabrous above, and clothed with fine soft down beneath. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies. Orixa Date Plum. Tree. 4 D. TOMENTosA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 532.) dioecious ; all the tender parts downy ; leaves opposite and alternate, oval, entire ; male peduncles 3-flowered : calyx and corolla gibbous, 4-toothed : stamens 12; female flowers having the calyx and corolla 5-parted ; berry 5-seeded. h . S. Native of the nor- thern parts of Bengal ; and is the Ebony of that country. Kakindoo is the Sanscrit name ; and Kyou is the Bengalese name. Leaves deciduous. Male flowers whitish. Styles 2. Berry size of a pigeon's egg, yellow when ripe, and filled with a soft edible pulp. Tomentose Date Plum. Tree tall. 5 D. hirsu'ta (Lin. syst. 918. suppl. 440.) branches and underside of leaves villous ; leaves elliptic, obtuse ; flowers aggregate, sessile. Pj . S. Native of Ceylon. Hardly dis- tinct from Royena. Hairy Date Plum. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 6 D. CHLOROXYLON (Iloxb. cor. 1. p. 38. t. 49.) spiny; leaves oval, villous beneath, h^ . S. Native of the East Indies, on the coast of Coromandel, among the Circars. Branches furnished with strong spines. Male flowers with about 12 stamens, and 16 anthers ; and the hermaphrodite ones vvith 8 single filaments. Styles 4. Berry 2-3-seeded. The tree is called Nella-woolimera by the Telingas. Green-wooded Daie VXum. Clt. 1822. Tree. 7 D. coRDiFOLiA (Roxb. 1. c. t. 50.) spiuy ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, cordate, downy beneath. Tj. S. Native of the East Indies, every where. Spines strong, usually branched. Male flowers with 8 double filaments ; hermaphrodite flowers with 12 single filaments. Styles 4. Berry 8-seeded. Tumala is the Sanscrit name of the tree ; Kok-wooUmera is the Telinga name ; and Bun Gauh the Bengalese name. Heart-leaved Date VXum. Clt. 1794. Tiee. 8 D. salkifolia (Willd. spec. 4. p. 407.) leaves lanceolate, ob- tuse, acute at the base, downy beneath, hoary while young. fj . S. Native of South America. Willow-leaved Date Plum. Tree. 9 D. deca'ndra (Lour. coch. p. 227.) leaves ovate-lanceo- EBENACE^E. I. Diospybos. 39 late, woolly ; flowers quadrifid or quinquefid. '; . G. Native of Cochin China. Fhiweis white. IJerry large, nearly globular, umbilicate, pulpy, yellowish when ripe. The fruit has an auste- rity mixed with its sweetness, with a disagreeable smell ; it is, however, eaten and sold in the markets, in the northern provinces of Cochin China. The wood, when of sufficient age, is excellent for cabinet and all elegant work, being of a compact, fine, regular grain, heavy, very white, veined with black, and sometimes black at the heart. Decandrous Date Plum. Tree 30 to 10 feet. 10 D. ruBE'scENs (Pers. ench. 2. p. 625.) leaves linear-lanceo- late, downy beneath, as well as the branches. T; . S, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. hirsuta, Pers. The leaves of this, and D. lycioides, are small and sub-fasciculate, and there- fore have not the habit of the other species. They are closely allied to Roijena. Downy Date Plum. Tree. 11 D. RUGULOsA (R. Br. prod. p. 526.) leaves elliptic-acumi- nated, tomentose beneath, and a little wrinkled, simple and bluntish at the base ; flowers quadrifid. Tj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Wrinkled Da.xe V\\xm. Clt. 1823. Tree. 12 D. psiDioiDEs (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 254.) leaves obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, glabrous and shining above, clothed with fine down beneath ; flowers trifid. '- . S. Native of Peru, near Guayaquil, on the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Leaves 4 inches long. Fruit solitary, at first yellow, then red, edible, with an ungrateful smell, and an insipid taste, 6-celled ; an inch in diameter. Gtuiva-likc Date Plum. Tree 12 to 20 feet. 13 D. Acapulce'nsis (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves obovate- lanceolate, acute, cuneated at the base, hairy on both surfaces, but more particularly beneath ; flowers trifid. T3 . S. Native of New Spain, near Acapulco. D. salicifolia, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1112? Leaves canescent beneath, 2^ inches long. Berry soli- tary, size of tlie preceding, nearly globose. Acapulco Date Plum. Tree 12 to 20 feet. 14 D. conduplica'ta (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves elliptic- oblong, obtuse, acute at the base, conduplicate, smoothish above, but downy beneath, especially on the nerves and veins ; flowers trifid. T; . S. Native of Peru, near Guayaquil. Leaves 4 to 4| inches long, paler beneath. Peduncles 3-flovvered. Corolla greenish, clothed with silky hairs. Stamens 5-8, unequal. Condui)licate-\ea.vedi Date Plum. Tree 12 to 20 feet. 15 D. macrophy'lla (Blum, bijdr. p. 670.) leaves elliptic- oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, and sometimes sub- cordate, coriaceous, glabrous, tomentose on the midrib beneath, as well as on the branchlets ; racemes axillary, rarely supra- axillary, few-flowered ; lower female flowers almost solitary, 5- cleft. \i . S. Native of Java, on the Seribu and Parang mountains. Sec, called Kitjallung by the natives. Long-leaved Date Plum. Fl. Feb. Tree 60 feet. 16 D. piLosiu'scuLA (Wall. cat. no. 4132.) leaves obovate- lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at the base, pilose on the mid-rib and margins while young ; pedicels lateral, solitary ; calyx pilose : segments 4, lanceolate, acuminated ; young branches villous. fj . S. Native of Silhet. Rather Hairy Date Plum. Shrub or tree. * * Leaves glabrous. 17 D. oETusiFOLiA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1112. H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. t. 247.) leaves oblong, obtuse, acute and revolute at the base, glabrous, shining above ; flowers quinquefid. ^j . G. Native of Mexico, near Cuernavaca, where it is called Sapole A^eg'ro, by the natives. Leaves 4-5 inches long. Stamens 10-12. Fruit depressedly globose, 3-4 inches in diameter, black, edible. Obtuse-leaved Date Plum. Tree tall. 18 D. serra'ta (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 143.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, glabrous ; petioles short, and are, as well as the branchlets, villous ; pedicels lateral, aggregate, drooping, and are, as well as the calyxes, hairy ; stigmas 3, long, acute ; flowers quinquefid. ^ . G. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty, where it is called, by the Newar people, yela7ig. Termstrce'mia bifaria, Hamilt. mss. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Ovarium 6-celled. Berry 3-celled, many-seeded. Perhaps a distinct genus. Serrated-leaved Date Plum. Tree large. 19 D. cerasifolia (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 144.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; petioles short, and are, as well as the branchlets, downy ; pedicels lateral, drooping, aggregate, and are, as well as the calyxes, downy ; stigmas 3, acute ; flowers quinquefid. ? Tj . G. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. D. fccminea, Hamilt. mss. This species agrees in character with the preceding, and will probably, with it, constitute a new genus. Cherry-leaved Date Plum. Tree. 20 D. frute'scens (Blum, bijdr. p. 668.) leaves oblong, acuminated, acutish at the base, glabrous, shining ; fascicles of flowers crowded, axillary and lateral ; flowers quadrifid. H . S. Native of Java, on the banks of the river Tjisedanie, near Rompien, in the province of Buitenzorg. Far. /3 ; leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated ; ultimate branches downy. h . S. Native of the Island of Nusae Kam- banga, where it is called Tallak. Shrubby Date Plum. Fl. May, Nov. Shrub. 21 D. Virginia'na (Lin. spec. 1510.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, shining above, and paler beneath, re- ticulatcly veined ; petioles short, and curved, and are, as well as the branchlets, downy ; leaf-buds glabrous ; flowers quadri- fid, rarely quinquefid. fj . H. Native of Virginia, Carolina, and Pennsylvania, in woods ; or from New York to Louisiana. Mill. fig. 126. Wats, dendr. brit. 146.— Park. par. 570. t. 569. f. 6. Guajacana, Catesb. car. 2. t. 76. — Pluk. aim. 244. f. 5. Flowers pale yellow. Fruit form and size of a date, or common plum, golden yellow when ripe. It is austere when fresh, like the medlar ; but when mellowed by the frost, it is then very sweet and glutinous, with very little austerity. In North America it makes a palatable liquor with malt ; there is also a spirit distilled from it. The wood is very hard, but brittle and white : it is very good for joiners' tools, such as planes, &c., but it soon rots if exposed to the weather. It is known in North America by the name of Pishamin or Presimon. Virginian Date Plum. Fl. July. Clt. 1829. Tree 20 feet. 22 D. Loureiria'na ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth, with oblique prominent ribs ; flowers solitary, terminating, quin- quefid, rarely quadrifid. 1^ . G. Native of Cochinchina. Diospyros Lotos, Lour coch. p. 226. Flowers pale. Fruit downy, half an inch in diameter, round, 8-seeded, with very little pulp. Loureiro's Date Plum. Shrub 6 feet. 23 D. DiGYNA (Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 35. t. 313.) leaves ob- long, acute at both ends, glabrous ; flowers digynous, drooping ; corolla much longer than the calyx. fj . S. Native of the Celebes. Flowers white, quinquefid. Digynous-WowereA Date Plum. Tree 20 feet. 24 D. CAULiFLORA (Blum. bijdr. p. 668.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous ; male flowers axillary ; hermaphrodite ones digynous, crowded into lateral fascicles ; flowers semi-quadrifid. h . S. Native of Java, on calcareous mountains, where it is called Prellek. Nearly allied to D. digyna. Stem-Jhwered Date Plum. Fl. June, July. Shrub. 40 EBENACE^. I. Diosp-i-ROs. 25 D. sylva'tica (Roxb. cor. 1 p. 37. t. 47.) leaves oblong or oval, acute at both ends, glabrous ; female flowers trigynous, erect ; corolla of hermaphrodite flowers about equal in length to the calyx; berry S-seeded. I; . S. Native of the East Indies, among the Circars. Corolla whitish. Male flowers with about 18 single anthered filaments. Tella-goda is theTelinga name of the tree. Wood Date Plum. Clt. 1812. Tree. 26 D. reticula'ta (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1112.) leaves ovate or elliptic, obtuse; rounded at the base, glabrous and shining on both surfaces, coriaceous, finely reticulated beneath ; calyxes villous. Jj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Rctkulated-\ea.\e& Date Plum. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet. 27 D. ebena'ster (Retz. obs. 5. p. 33.) leaves bifarious, oval-oblong, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces ; leaf-buds gla- brous ; flowers quadrifid. f; . S. Native of the East Indies, in woods, about Calcutta, Amboina, &:c. D. Ebenum, Lin. suppl. 440. Hebenaster, Humph, amb. 3. p. 13. t. 6. Berry yellow when ripe. The wood of this tree is compact, iiard, and heavy, whitish next the bark, but towards the middle very black, this blackness gradually tinges the whole body in the same manner as resin of fir. Tliis is said to be the true Ebony, but there is no doubt but the Ebony of commerce is the wood of several species. Ebony-Wke Date Plum, or Common Ebony. Clt. 1772. Tree 40 feet. 28 D. OBLONGA (Wall. cat. no. 4124.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, glabrous, on short petioles, acuminated ; flowers axillary, aggregate; calyx 5-cleft, villous inside. tj . S. Native of Penang. D. frondosa, and D. nervosa. Wall. cat. no. 4125 and 4126, hardly appear to be more than varieties of this species. 06/o?(jO'-leaved Date Plum. Shrub. 29 D. Sapota (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 535.) leaves bifarious, oblong, entire, obtuse, polished; filaments 8-10, in both male and hermaphrodite flowers ; berry globular, with a few irregular shaped seeds. \i . S. Native of the jNIauritius. Sapotte-nigra, Sonn. voy. nov. guin. p. 45. t. 14, 15, and 16. Berry size of a large orange. Introduced by the late Hyder Ally, into his garden at Seringapatam. Sapota Date Plum. Tree. 30 D. RAMiFLORA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 535.) leaves lanceolate, glossy ; hermaphrodite and male flowers in fascicles from the large woody branches; calyx and corolla from 5- to 6-parted; style 5-6-cleft ; berry containing from 10 to 20 seeds. Ij . S. Native of the eastern frontier of Bengal, where it is called Oori- Gaub, also Goolul. It supplies the natives with a strong, hard wood. Leaves 6-10 inches long. Filaments 10-12 in the female flowers, but the males are still unknown. It is probably a species of Embryopteris. Branc/i-Jluwered Date Plum. Tree large. 31 D. MELANOXYLON (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 36. t. 46.) leaves ob- long-lanceolate, acute at the base, and obtuse at tlie apex, nearly opposite, coriaceous, finely veined, glabrous, but villous when young, as well as the branches ; flowers 5-cleft. T7 . S. Native of the East Indies, Java, where it is called Tremble Kibatasma, and Kiklor. Calyx and corolla 5-cleft ; male peduncles 3-6-flowered. Styles 3-4 ; male flowers with about 12 anthers ; and female flowers decandrous. This is one of the species which produces Ebony ; it is called Tumballi by the Tamuls, Tinduo by the Hindoos, and Tiimida by the Telingas ; but several other sjjecies also produce Ebony, as D. tomcntosus, D. cbmum, and D. cbenaslcr, &c. It is only the centre of large trees that is black and valuable, which part is more or less in quantity according to the age of the tree. Tlie outside of the wood is soft and white, which time and insects soon destroy, leaving the black untouched. The ripe fruit is eaten by the natives ; it lias an astringent taste, and is not very palatable. The bark is also astringent ; powdered and mixed with pepper, it is given for dysentery by the native doctors. Black-wooded TiAie VXum. Clt. 1817. Tree. 32 D. LANCE^EFOLiA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 537.) leaves bifarious, lanceolate, polished ; flowers sessile ; male ones crowded in heads ; filaments 16, simple. 1^ . .S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Goolul, and where it furnishes the natives with a durable timber, for the construction of their habitations. Stigma 8-cleft. Flowers quadrifid and quinquefid. Lance-leaved Date Plum. Tree large. 33 D. ebe'num (Retz. obs. 3. p. 5. t. 31.) leaves bifarious, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; leaf-buds hairy ; male flowers sub-racemose, with about 20 anthers ; her- maphrodite flowers octandrous, solitary ; stigma 4-cleft. Pj . S. Native of Ceylon, in woods. D. glaberrima, Rothb. in nov. act. hafn. 2. p. 540. t. 5. Hebenaster, Rumph.amb. 3. p. 13. t. 6.? E60H!/ Date Plum. Clt. 1792. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 34 D. MARiTiMA (Blum, bijdr. p. 669.) leaves oblong, obtuse, acutish at the base, and furnished with 2 depressed glands at the base beneath, coriaceous, glabrous, shining ; flowers axillary, sessile, male ones crowded, hermaphrodite ones almost solitary ; flowers obliquely 4-5-cleft. T? . S. Native of Java, on the south shore. Sea-side Date Plum. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub. 35 D. monta'na (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 37. t. 48.) leaves ovate- oblong, rounded at the base, acute at the apex, glabrous; male flowers with 8 double filaments ; berry 8-seeded. 1; . S. Native of the East Indies, among the Circars, where it is called Yerra-goda by the Telingas. Female flowers witii about 4 ste- rile stamens. 7l/oMn/«m Date Plum. Clt. 1822. Tree. 36 D. mabola (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 41. Lindl. bot. reg. 1 139.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, deep green above, silky beneath, as well as the branchlets ; fascicles of flowers disposed in ra- cemes ; stamens 12, in the male flowers. Tj . S. Native of the Philippine Islands. Cavanillea Philippensis, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 663. t. 454. Wood black, very compact. Corollas sweet- scented, pale yellow, silky outside. The fruit called Mabola is brown, with a pink-coloared, fleshy rind, about the size of a quince : its flavour is said to be agreeable, the pulp is firm and white. The tree is cultivated in the Isle of France, for its fruit. 7V/a6o/a Date Plum. Clt. 1822. Tree 8-10 feet. 37 D.obova'ta (Jacq. schccnbr. 3. p. 34. t. 312.) leaves mem- branous, obovate, obtuse, glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers quadrifid, octandrous; berries 4-seeded. Pj . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo. D. tetrasperma, Swartz. prod. 62. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 678. Corolla orange-coloured. Oftoi-n^e-leaved Date Plum. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 38 D. undula^ta (Wall. cat. no. 4136.) leaves glabrous, shining, deep green, oblong, acuminated, on short petioles ; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary ; calyx villous, 4-lobed ; fruit globular. T^ . S. Native of the Burman empire, at Amherst. Leaves 6-10 inches long. Undulated-leaved Date Plum. Shrub or tree. 39 D. amce'na (Wall. cat. no. 4139.) leaves lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous; flowers lateral and axil- lary, sessile, solitary, clothed with rusty down ; calyx propped by scales. [7 . S. Nativeof the East Indies. Leaves 7-9 inches long. Pleasant Date Plum. Shrub or tree. 40 D. EHRETioiDEs (Wall. Cat. no. 4137) leaves glabrous, oblong-roundish or oblong, rusty beneath ; peduncles lateral and axillary, trichotomous, downy : lateral branches 3-flowered, the middle one 1-flowered. I7 . S. Native of the Burmese Em- pire at Moahneyne. Leaves S-10 inches long, and 4-6 broad. Ehrctia-like Date Plum. Shrub or tree. 41 D. sTRiiTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 539.) leaves ovate-lanceo- EBENACE>^. I. DiosPYROS. II. Embryopteris. 41 late ; male peduncles 3-6-flo\vere(l ; male flowers with 16 stamina, on a convex receptacle. fj.S. Native of Tipperah. A tall, slender tree, with a straight trunk, as in firs. The female tree is unknown. Straight Date Plum. Tree tall. 42 D. bractea'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 5.39.) leaves oblong, acute; style 4-cIeft ; berry 8-seeded. I; . S. Native of Dooab. The male tree has not been found. Bracteate-RoweTed Date Plum. Tree. 43 D.loba'ta (Lour, cochin, p. 227.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces; peduncles 1 -flowered; berries 8- lobed ; flowers quadrifid. T^ . G. Native of Cochinchina. Leaves small. Corolla white, with a 't-cornered tube. Stigma (ieejily 4-cleft. Berry pale yellow, about an inch in diameter, having a sweetish austere pulp, without any smell. Zo6«/-fruited Date Plum. Clt. 1822. Shrub 8 feet. 44 D. DENsiFLoRA (Wall. Cat. no. 4140.) leaves oblong, gla- brous, coriaceous ; peduncles branched, or in clusters, many- flowered ; fruit globose. h . S. Native of Moalmyne and Martaban. Leaves 5-8 inches long, and 4-5 broad. Dense-flowered Date Plum. Shrub. 45 D. LYCioiDES (Desf. in ann. mus. cah. 36. p. 448.) leaves small, lanceolate, flat, obtuse, glabrous, smooth, subfasci- cled. (^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers hermaphrodite. Hardly distinct from Royena. Lyciiim-like DeitePhim. Clt. 1806. Shrub. 46 D. VACciNoiDEs (Lindl. ex Hook. exot. fl. 139.) leaves ovate, obtuse, shining above, villous beneath, and on the edges ; flowers solitary, axillary, quadrifid, tetrandrous ; fruit ovate, 3-celled, 3-seeded ; calycine segments ovate, subulate, pilose, with coloured edges ; corolla sub-campanulate, with ovate, undulated segments. h . G. Native of China, Penang, and .Singapore. Lodd. bot. cab. 1549. Perhaps a species of Maba, with quadrifid flowers. Stigma quite simple. Corolla white. A small evergreen shrub. Whortle-berry-lilce Date Plum. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2-3 feet. 47 C. heterophy'lla (Wall. cat. 4138.) leaves variable in size and shape, roundish or oblong-obovate, emarginate, smaller than in most other species : calycine lobes obtuse, reflexed. y . S. Native of Ava. Allied to the preceding. Fariable- leaved Date Plum. Shrub. f Species hardly known. 48 D. melanida (Poir. ency. 4. p. 431. Pers. ench. 2. p. 625.) leaves ovate, petiolate ; berries sub-globose, depressed, 10-celled ; calyx pentagonal, with a reflexed mouth. ^ . S. Native of the Isle of France. Eb^nus melanida, Commers. Black-wooded Date Plum. Tree. 49 D. leucome'las (Poir. 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptic, sub- cordate; calyx 6-toothed, girding the berry one half of its length, which is 2-celled. t^ . S. Native of the Isle of France. IVhite and Black-wooded Date Plum. Tree. 50 D. NODOSA (Poir. 1. c ) leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers quinquefid ; fruit globose, solitary. Tj . S. Native of the Isle of France. Knotted Date Plum. Tree. 51 D. chrysophy'llos (Poir. 1. c. p. 433.) leaves oblong, shining and rufescent beneath ; flowers solitary, quinquefid ; caly.x liairy ; fruit pear-formed. I; . S. Native of the Isle of France. Golden-leaved Date Plum. Tree. 52 D. angula'ta (Poir, 1. c. p. 436.) leaves ovate, obtuse, coriaceous ; flowers quinquefid ; fruit angular, fj . S. Native of the Isle of France. Angular-hnited Date Plum. Tree. 53 D. EDtj'Lis (Lodd. cat. p. 9. 1830.) nothing is known of this plant but the name. VOL. IV. Edible-fruited Date Plum. Tree. Cult. The hardy species of Diospyros grow to large shrubs in this country, tlierefore they should be planted in the back of shrubberies ; they are easily increased both by layers and seeds. The greenhouse and stove species require the same treatment as other stove and greenhouse shrubs ; a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, is the best soil for them ; and they are readily increased by ripened cuttings, in sand under a hand-glass ; those of the stove species should be placed in a moist heat. II. EMBRYO'PTERIS {ijxftpvov, embryon, an embryo, and Trrepv^, pteryx, a wing ; in reference to the embryo being winged.) Gajrtn. fruct. 1. p. 145. t. 29. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 49. t. 70. — Cavanillea, Lam. — Diospy'ros species of authors. Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dioecia. This genus differs alone from Diospyros, in the stamens of the male flowers being 4 or 6 times the number of the segments of the corolla. — Trees with entire leaves ; male peduncles 3-4-flovvered, and the female ones 1 -flowered. 1 E. GELATiNiFERA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 49. t. 70. Willd. spec. 4. p. 836.) leaves lanceolate; stamens 16-20 in the male flowers, and 1-4 in the female flowers; flowers quadrifid; styles 4 ; berry 8-seeded. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Embry. peregrina, Gtertn. fruct. 1. p. 145, t. 29. Cavanillea Philippensis, Lam. diet. 3. p. 636. See Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 418. Diospyros Embryopteris, Pers. ench. 2. p. 624. Ker. bot. reg. t. 499. D. glutinosa. Keen. A middle-sized tree, with long leaves. Flowers whitish. Stigma cruciate, sessile. The fruit is eaten by the natives when ripe, but cannot be said to be palatable, on account of its strong astringency. Sir W. Jones says the tree is generally known in Bengal by the name of Gauh ; and that the Sanscrit name is Tindooka ; and that the astringent, viscid juice of the fruit is used all over that country for paying the bottoms of boats. The unripe fruit contains a very large proportion of tannin. The infusion is employed to steep fishing nets in, to make them more durable, and probably adds to their strength. The wood is but of indiflerent quality, and not much used. 67«e-6eflnng Embryopteris. FI.Jul. Clt. 1818. Tr. 25 ft. 2 E. DISCOLOR ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base, of a silky glaucous colour beneath, and downy ; flowers quadrifid ; stamens 24. tj . S. Native of the Philip- pine Islands. Diospyros discolor, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1108. Stigma sessile. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding. Branches and corolla villous. Leaves almost a foot long. Berry 4-6-seeded. rri'O-co/oMjerf-leaved Embryopteris. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. 3 E. RACEMOSA ; leaves from oblong to lanceolate, obtuse, glossy ; both male and female flowers in axillary comose racemes, the former with 20-30 stamens, the latter with 12-16; stigma 4-cleft ; berry round, smooth, 4-seeded. fj . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Goolul, and where the fruit is eaten by the natives. Diospyros racemosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 536. 7?acemose-flowered Date Plum. Tree small. 4 E. Loureiria'na ; leaves broad-lanceolate ; flowers quadri- fid ; stamens 20 ; berries pea-shaped, 8-seeded. Vj . G. Native of Cochinchina. Diospyros dodecandra. Lour. coch. p. 228. Corolla white, with a sub-globose tube. Berry pale, with a sweetish, astringent, edible, but pleasant pulp. The wood is like that of the false Ebony, Diospyros Ebenaster, but has not the black veins. The trees are much used as supports to the Black Pepper plants. Loiireiro's Embryopteris. Tree large. 5 Ka'ki (Lin. syst. 918. Thunb. jap. 157. Lour. coch. 226. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 527.) leaves bifarious, ovate-elliptic, acuminated, elliptic-oblong, or obovate, cordate at the base, G 42 EBENACEiE. III. Paralea. IV. Royena. V. Diplonema. VI. Diclidanthera. downy on both surfaces ; branches tomentose ; male pedinicles usually 3- flowered ; male flowers with about 20 stamens, and female 8 ; flowers quadrifid ; style 4-cleft ; stigmas bifid. Ij . G. Native of China, Cochinchina, and Japan ; and is also cultivated in those countries, as also in Bengal. D. Cliinensis, Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 110. and act. soc. batav. 9. p. 167. Kouis or Kaki, Keempf. anioen. t. 106. Fruit globose, S- celled, size of a small orange, yellow when ripe, abounding in yellow, fleshy, edible pidp ; it is tolerably pleasant, but by no means equal to a good apple ; eaten plentifully occasions diar- rhoea. They are preserved in the same manner as the fig, by sprinkling meal or sugar over them. There is a variety of this species with an ovate fruit. ifa^i Embryopteris. Clt. 1789. Tree 12 to 20 feet. Cult. See Diospijros, p. 41., for culture and propagation. III. PARA'LEA {Parala is the Caribbean name of the tree). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 576. t. 231. R. Br. prod. p. 526. Lin. syst. Polygamia, Dioec'ia. Flowers polygamous. Ca- lyx 4-toothed ; teeth acute. Corolla fleshy, with a short te- tragonal tube, and a 4-parted limb ; segments acute. Stamens 1 S, inserted within the tube of the corolla at its base ; anthers small, roundish. Ovarium wanting in the male flowers, but in place of it there is a villous, rufous corpuscle. Fruit and seeds unknown. — A tall tree, with a branched top. Leaves alternate, quite entire, glabrous, but tomentose along the margins. Flowers disposed in axillary fascicles : vvith villous rufescent scales. 1 P. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. c). Ij . S. Native of Guiana. Branches downy. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute. Flowers sweet-scented. Corolla fulvous. Guiana Paralea. Tree tall. Cult. For culture and propagation see Dios'pyros, p. 41. IV. ROYE'NA (named by Linnaeus in honour of Adrian Van Royen. He and his son David were successively profes- sors of botany at Leyden). Lin. gen. no. 555. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 80. t. 94. Juss. gen. 156. R. Br. prod. p. 526. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Digynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx S-cleft. Corolla with a 5-parted revolute limb. Stamens 10, length of the tube of the corolla; filaments simple; an- thers oblong, acute. Ovarium usually 4 -celled, but sometimes 6-8-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Berry fleshy. Seeds triangular or plano-convex. — Shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, with entire leaves ; and axillary or lateral, solitary or aggregate, 1 -flowered pedicels. Flowers white. 1 R. Lu ciDA (Lin. spec. 568.) leaves ovate, roughish, shining above. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 370. f 1,— Herm. par. 232. t. 232.— Comm. hort. 1. p. 187. t. 96.— Pluk. phyt. t. 63. f. 4. and t. 317. f. 5. Berry globular, red above and pale below, containing a firm, whitish flesh, almost like that of an apple. it(cifMeaved African Bladder-nut. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1690. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. 2 R. viLLosA (Lin. spec. 568. Thunb. prod. 83.) leaves cordate-oblong, tomentose beneath ; branches villous. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. R. scabra, Burm. prod. 13. Villous African Bladder-nut. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. 3 C. gla'bra (Lin. spec. 568. Thunb. prod. 80.) leaves lan- ceolate, glabrous. Pj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. —Comm. hort. 1. p. 125. t. 65.— Plukn. phyt. t. 321. f. 4. Fruit roundish, purple. Glabrous African Bladder-nut. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1731. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 4 R. pa'llens (Willd. spec. 2. p. 632.) leaves oblong-obo- vate, obtuse, glabrous, h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pa/e African Bladder-nut. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 5 R. cunea'ta (Lam. diet. 6. p. 322.) leaves somewhat obo- vate-oblong, downy, nerveless ; branches villous, h . G. Na- tive of the East Indies, ? but probably of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers solitary. Calyx white. Corolla purple. R. pubescens, Willd. enum. p. 457. Ker. bot. reg. 500. Flowers whitish green. Cuneatcd-haved African Bladder-nut. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 6 R. hirsuta (Lin. spec. 568.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, villous. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 370. f. 2. Jacq. coll. suppl. 110. t. 13. f. 1.— Lin. hort. cliflT. 163. — Boerh. lugdb. 2. p. 235. Leaves an inch long. Flowers of a worn out dirty purple colour. Hairy African Bladder-nut. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 7 R. angustifolia (Willd. spec. 2. p. 633.) leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, rather pilose beneath. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Narrow-lcavcd African Bladder-nut. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 8 R. LATiFOLiA (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 23.). This species has not yet flowered in the gardens ; consequently nothing more is known of the plant than the name. Broad-leaved African Bladder-nut. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Siirub 4 to 6 feet. Cult. The species thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and slips, taken from ripened wood, strike root readily in sand, under a hand-glass. V. DIPLONE'MA (from h-rrXoos, diploos, double, and yr)ixa, nema, a filament ; filaments double). Royena polyandra of authors. LiN. SYST. Polygamia, Dioecia. This genus differs from Royena in the flowers being polygamous, in the stamens of the male flowers being 4 times the number of the segments of the corolla, in the filaments being double, and in the anthers being bearded. Ovarium 4-6-celled. — Shrubs with entire leaves and axillary 1 -flowered pedicels. 1 D. ELLipTicA ; leaves elliptic, glabrous ; flowers quinque- fid. ? Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Royena polyandra, Lin. suppl. 240. ElUptic-]eaved Diplonema. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Sh. 4 to 6 feet. 2 D. AMBiGUA ; leaves obovate, rather villous, coriaceous ; corolla 6-7-cleft, with obtuse segments. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Royena ambigua. Vent. malm. t. 17. Flowers yellowish, vvith reflexed segments. Branchlets hairy. Ambiguous Diplonema. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Royena, above. VI. DICLIDANTHE^RA (from ?j . ^. S. Native of Java, in calcareous places near Kuripan, and at the foot of mount Salak. NervedAeoMeA Myxopyrum. Shrub cl. Cult. See O'lea, p. 49. for culture and propagation. VII. CHIONA'NTHUS (from x'wv, chion, snow, and ayQoQ, ayithos, a flower ; in reference to the snow white flowers of the species). Lin. gen. no. 21. Juss. gen. 105. Gsertn. fruct. 1. t. 39. Lam. ill. t. 9. f. 2. Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 4-parted, or 4-toothed. Corolla with a short tube and a 4-parted limb ; segments of the limb long and linear. Style hardly any ; stigma 2-lobed. Anthers almost sessile. Drupe baccate, containing a striated nut. Seeds albuminous. — Trees, having the branch- lets compressed at top. Leaves opposite, simple, entire. Ra- cemes simple or compound, terminal or axillary. Flowers snow white. This genus differs principally in the figure of the seg- ments of the corolla from 0 lea. 1 C. ViKGiNicA (Lin. spec. p. 11.) racemes terminal; pe- duncles 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; leaves lanceolate, gla- brous. I;. H. Native of North America. Lodd. hot. cab. 1204. Duh. arb. 1. p. 165. t. 63.— Catesb. car. 1. t. 68. Leaves resembling those of a laurel ; the flowers come out in May, hanging in long bunches, from whence the inhabitants call it Snow-drop-tree ; and from the corolla being cut into narrow segments they also give it the name of Fr'mge-lree. Drupe purplish. Var. a, lalifolia ; leaves ovate-elliptic, having the nerves downy beneath. T2 • H. Native of Carolina. — Catesb. car. t. 69. — Kern. t. 607. Leaves oval-lanceolate, coriaceous, gla- brous; panicles dense ; drupes oval. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. P- ^- . Far. /3; angustifolja (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 23.) leaves lanceolate, glabrous. ^ . H. Ch. trifida, Ma?nch. Var. y, marUima (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 8.) leaves obo- vate-lanceolate, membranous, pubescent ; panicles very loose ; drupes elliptic, t^ . H. Native of North America, by the sea- side. Virginian Fringe-tree. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1796. Tree 10 to 30 feet. 2 C. axilla'ris (R. Br. prod. p. 523.) spikes axillary, very short ; leaves oblong-elliptic, acute. Tj . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Flowers white. ^a;; Wary-flowered Fringe-tree. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub. 3 C. incrassa'ta (Swartz, prod. 13. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 24.; branches of panicle decussate or fastigiate ; flowers pedicellate ; corollas tetragonal, with erect, thickened segments ; leaves ob- long. I? . G. Native of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains. Leaves rather coriaceous, with a short, obtuse acumen. Ulti- mate peduncles 3-flowered. Corollas white, with terete, sub- clavate segments. Thickened Fringe-tree. Tree tall. 4 C. pube'scens (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 233.) panicles terminal, short, trifid : with 3-flowered peduncles ; corollas red, with linear segments ; leaves elliptic-oblong, blunt- ish, coriaceous, clothed with soft down beneath. H . G. Na- tive of New Granada, near Gonzanama, Llanos de Trigo- Baniba, and Salto del Frayle, where it is called Aruiw by the natives. Panicles rising before the leaves, downy, corymb- formed. Downy Fringe-tree. Fl. Oct. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The Ch. Virginicus is a fine large ornamental shrub. It thrives best in a moist light loamy soil. It is generally in- creased by seed received from America; by layering it is diffi- cult, if the soil be not moist. By grafting or budding it on the common ash it succeeds very well. The greenhouse kinds grow freely in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat ; and ripened cuttings of them will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in a little heat. VIII. CHONDROSPE'RMUM (from xo'-^poc. chondros, a lump, and (nrepi-ia, sperma, a seed ; form of seed). Wall. cat. 2837. and 2838. — Chionanthus species. Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 108. Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, 4- toothed ; teeth lanceolate, acute, with purple edges. Corolla funnel-shaped, rather fleshy, having a large obscurely 4 sided tube, which is longer than the calyx ; and a 4-parted spread- ing limb, which is longer than the tube ; segments linear- clavate, blunt, vertical, and thickened at their apexes ; throat closed by the anthers. Stamens 2, inserted above the base of the tube ; antliers fleshy, with 2 marginal cells ; situated between the 2 opposite fissures of the border, hardly elevated above the tube. Ovarium ovate, 2-celled. Ovulum solitary, inserted by its base 1 — A rambling evergreen shrub, with ash-coloured, separating bark ; large, opposite, 3-nerved leaves; and axillary and terminal, brachiate panicles of small, greenish yellow flowers. 1 C. sMiLAciFOLiuM (Wall. Cat. no. 2837.). t^ • w- ^- Native of the forests of Chittagong, where it is called Chunalata ; also of the Burmese empire, on mount Taong Dong, if C. coriaceum. Wall. cat. no. 2838. be the same. Chionanthus smilacifolia. Wall. fl. ind. 1. p. 108. Ligustrum laurifolium, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 32. Branches and peduncles 4-sided. Leaves 5-7 inches long, and 3 broad, 3-nerved, coriaceous, pale beneath, undulated, and bullated between the principal nerves ; nerves and veins much elevated beneath, and uniting a little above the base. Flowers small, almost scentless. The erect position of the ovula seems to indicate its belonging to the order Jasminece. The aestivation of the corolla is valvate. Sinilax-leaved Chondrospermum. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see O'lea, p. 49. OLEIN^. IX. Syringa. X. Forsytiha. XI. Fontanesia. XII. Notel;ea. 51 Tribe III. SYRI'NGEjE. Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate, 4- parted. Stamens 2, short. Fruit capsular, 2-celled. IX. SYRINGA (ffi/piys, sijrinx, a pipe ; the branches are long and straight, and are filled with medulla ; hence the old name of the lilac, pipe-tree. LinntBus places it among poetical names. The story of the njmph Syrinx in Ovid is well known. The English name of the genus is from lilac or lilag, the Persian word for a flower). Lin. gen. no. 22. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 49. Lilac, Tourn. inst. t. 372. Juss. gen. p. 105. Lila, Flieder. LiN. SYST, Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 4-toothed. Co- rolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-parted limb. Stamens 2, inclosed. Stigma bifid. Capsule ovate, compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved, 2-seeded ; valves navicular, with a narrow dissepiment in the middle. — Shrubs with simple leaves ; and thyrsoid terminal panicles of flowers, which are oppositely branched. Flowers purple or white. 1 S. vulga'ris (Lin. spec. 11.) leaves ovate-cordate, acumin- ated. Tj . H. Native of Persia, and of Hungary, in chalky ])recipices in the Cverna valley, and mount Domoglet, as well as the whole group of rocks along the Danube. Lam. ill. t. 7. Schmidt, oestr. baum. t. 77. Duhara. arb. 2. t. 138. Schkuhr, handb. 1. t. 2. Lilac vulgaris, Gasrtn. Leaves glabrous, shin- ing, broad. The common lilac, now so plentiful in every plant- ation, was a great rarity in the year 1597. far. CI, ccerulea. The common blue lilac. — Ger. emac. 1399. f. 2. — -Clus. hist. 1. p. 5(5.— Besl. eyst. t. 1. f. 2. — Park. par. 407. t. 409. f. 4. theat. 1467. f. 1. Var. /3, violcicca. The common purple lilac. Curt. bot. mag. 183. Mill. fig. t. 163. far. y, lilba. The common white lilac. Common Lilac. Fl. May. Clt. 1590. Siirub 8 to 10 feet. 2 S. Emodi (Wall. cat. no. 2831.) leaves elliptic-oblong, glaucous beneath, attenuated at the base, and acuminated at the apex. fj . H. Native of Kamaon, towards the Himalaya. Branches warted. Thyrse terminal, panicled. Capsules almost cylindrical. Bud scales permanent at the base of the year's slioots. Flowers apparently purple. Emodi Lilac. Shrub 8 to 10 feet. ? 3 S. Josik.e"a (Jacq. in bot. zeit. 1831. t. 67. Rchb. pl.crit. no. 10 19. t. 780.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, ciliated, wrinkled, glabrous, on short petioles, white beneath. Ij . H. Native of Transylvania. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3278. Lindl. bot. reg. 1733. Flowers purple. Josikas Lilac. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1832. Sli. 6 to 8 ft. 4 S. Chine'nsis (Willd. spec. 1. p. 48. berl. baum. 498.) leaves ovate-lanceolate. I7 . H. Native of China. S. diabia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 9. Lilaceum Rothamagense, Renault, fl. de Torn. p. 100. S. media, Dum. Cours. 1. p. 709. Flowers purple. An intermediate plant l)etween S. vulgare and ,mineacece in the structure and aestivation of its corolla, in its bilocular ovarium, and erect ovula, and it agrees both with it and Syringa in the struc- ture and dehiscence of its capsule. A comparison of the I 58 COLUMELLIEJi. I. Columellia. II. Bolivaria. III. Menodora. JASMINEACEiE. calyx and corolla of Menodora, with those species of Jasminum wherein the number of segments are indeterminate, will display more clearly the intimate affinity existing between these two families. It differs, however, essentially from Jasmineacea by having an adherent ovarium, by the presence of a perigynous disk, by the undivided stigma, and lastly by having an inferior capsule with polyspermous cells. The imbricate jestivation of the corolla, and adherent ovarium, with erect ovida, the presence of a perigynous disk, and a capsule with polyspermous cells, are characters sufficiently numerous and important to prevent its ever being confounded with Oleince, and to establish it as an osculant group between that family and JasmineacecE. It appears also to be nearly related to Halesiacece, a small group forming the connecting link between Oleince and Ebenacece ; this group is principally distinguished from Columelliece by the indefinite number of its stamina, and its simple stigma. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Colume'llia. Calyx compressedly 2-edged ; with a 5- lobed limb. Corolla rotate. Anthers convolute. Capsule turbinate ; cells many-seeded. Albumen fleshy. 2 Boliva'ria. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a 5-parted limb. Capsule cartilaginous ; cells 2-seeded. Albumen none, but the seeds are inclosed in a peculiar inte- gument. 3 Menodora. Calyx many-parted, half inferior. Corolla salver-shaped : with a 5-parted spreading limb. Capsule 2- celled, many-seeded. I. COLUME'LLIA (named in honour of L. J. M. Colu- mella, who flourished 42 years before Christ). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 28. syst. p. 8. Pers. ench. 1. p. 13. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 388. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. dec. 1828. — Uluxia, Juss. gen. Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx turbinately tu- bular, compressed, 2-edged. Corolla rotate : with a 5-lobed concave equal limb. Stamens opposite the angles of the calyx ; filaments short, flat ; anthers convolute or replicate ; one of the cells very narrow, continuous through all the convolutions of the anther : containing angular, resinous pollen. Style decli- nate, flattened. Capsule turbinate, woody, 2-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds obovate, compressed, ascending : with a basilar umbilicus. Albumen fleshy, yellowish. Embryo erect, slender. Plumule inconspicuous. — Evergreen trees or shrubs, natives of Peru. Flowers terminal, on short peduncles, yellow. Peduncles bibracteate at the base. 1 C. OBLONGA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 28. t. 8. f. a. syst. 1. p. 8.) leaves oblong, veiny, toothed at top; flowers corymbose. Pj . G. Native of Peru, in woods at Pillao. C. arborescens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 13. Tree having the habit of AVH- 7nia, with deciduous bark. Branchlets clothed with silky down, compressed between the internodes. Leaves attenuated at the base, shining and green above, but silky and glaucous beneath, 1-2 inches long. Corymbs leafy. Calycine segments lanceo- late, silky beneath, furnished with a horny mucrone at the apex. Oblong-leaved Columellia. Tree 20 to 25 feet. 2 C. obovVta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 28. t. 12. f. b. syst. 1. p. 9.) tomentose ; leaves obovate, mucronulate, quite entire, veinless ; flowers usually solitary. fj . G. Native of Peru, on arid hills about the town of Tarma. C. frutescens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 13. Shrub with the habit of a species of Leptosptrmwn. Branchlets clothed with hoary down, which at length becomes blackish. Leaves crowded, green and shining above, but tomentose beneath, from j to |^ an inch long. Petioles connate at the base, liardly distinct from the leaves. Flowers rarely twin or tern. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse. Obovate-]eaveA Columellia. Shrub 8 feet. 3 C. SERicEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 388.) leaves oblong, quite entire, silky beneath ; peduncles 2-3- flowered. Tj . G. Native of the province of Quito, in woods. Young branches obsoletely tetragonal, clothed with silky down. Leaves obtuse, mucronate, green and shining above, and silky white beneath. Pedicels, bracteas, and calyxes silky. Silky Columellia. Tree 15 to 20 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Bolivaria, below. II. BOLIVARIA (named after Bolivar, the liberator of South America). Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 207. t. 4. f. 1. Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped : with a 5-parted limb. Filaments capillary ; an- thers erect, fixed by the middle, elliptic, mucronate. Style ex- ceeding the stamens ; stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule carti- laginous, didymous, circumcised ; cells 2-seeded. Seeds inclosed in a peculiar integument, without albumen. — Glabrous shrubs. Flowers pedunculate, solitary, terminal, and lateral, constituting an incomplete, leafy panicle. 1 B. iNTEGRiFOLiA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 208.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire. Ij . G. Native of Brazil, in the pro- vince of Cisplatine, frequent. Flowers white or yellow, size of those of Jasminum friiticans. Entire-leaved Bolivaria Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 B. TRiFiDA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 209.) leaves linear, trifid, or entire. Ij . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatine, and of Chili. Flowers yellow. Trifid Bolivaria. Fl. July. Clt. 1828. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for the species ; and cuttings will strike root readily in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass. III. MENODO'RA (from fitxoc, menos, courage, and Cwpov, doron, a gift ; a vegetable which gives force to animals). Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 2. p. 98. t. 110. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. dec. 1828. Lin. syst. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, with a many -parted limb ; segments 10-11, subulate. Corolla with a very short tube, a villous throat, and 5-8-parted concave limb ; lobes ovate, acuminated. Filaments capillary ; anthers sagittate, 2-celled, erect, mucronulate at the apex. Ovarium emarginately 2-lobed. Style declinate, slender ; stigma trun- cate, pruinose. Capsule 2-celled, with a septicidal dehiscence, many-seeded. — A small, suflruticose, hairy plant, with numerous decumbent stems ; oval-lanceolate, almost sessile, entire leaves : and solitary, pedunculate, yellow flowers. 1 M. HELIANTHEMOIDES (Humb. et BoUpl. 1. c). Ij . G. Native of Mexico, between Actopan and the village of Mag- dalena. Stems tetragonal. Sun-rose-like Menodora. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. Cull. For culture and propagation see Bolivaria above. Order CXLIX. JASMINEA^CE^. Jasmineee, R. Br. prod. p. 520. — JasminesE, part. Juss. gen. p. 104. Calyx monophyllous, tubular, divided or toothed (f. 11. a.), permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, regular, salver- shaped (f. 11. 6.), with a 5 (f. 11. b.) -8 (f. 10. a.) -cleft limb; segments lying over each other laterally, imbricate and twisted in aestivation. Stamens 2, epipetalous, inclosed. Ovarium not JASMINEACEjE. I. Jasminum. 59 girded by any disk, 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded ; ovula erect. Style 1 ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a didymous berry or a bipar- tible capsule. Albumen sparing or wanting. Embryo straight, with an inferior radicle. — Usually twining shrubs. Leaves op- posite, simple, but often compound, either ternate or impari- pinnate ; having the petioles in most of the species articulated. Flowers opposite, disposed in corymbs. This order differs sufficiently from Oleince in the situation of the ovula, structure of the seeds, as also in the division and aesti- vation of the corolla ; but it agrees with it in the corolla being regular and diandrous, and in the fruit being either baccate or capsular, but scarcely in habit. In Nyctdnthes the mature seeds have hardly any albumen, while it is copious in the immature seeds. Fragrance is the predominant property of the Jasmine tribe, and has made it for ages the favourite of poets and of the people : this fragrance arises from an oil, which can be extracted so as to retain its perfume. Sijnopsis of the genera. 1 Jasmi'num. Corolla 4-8-cleft (f. 11.6. f. 10. a.). Berry didymous. Seeds without albumen. 2 Nycta'nthes. Calyx entire. Corolla 5-lobed. Capsule bipartite. Seeds albuminous. I. JASMTNUM (Linnaeus derives this name from la, ia, a violet and octjutj, osme, smell ; but the scent of the flowers has no resemblance to that of tlie violet.) Forskoel. aegyp. arab. p. 59. says that the Arabs call it Jasmin (ysmym).) Dodon. pempt. p. 1557. Tourn. inst. 368. Lin. gen. no. 17. Juss. gen. 106. R. Br. prod. p. 521. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 196. t. 42. Lam. ill. t. 7. — Mogorium, Lam. Lin. syst. Didndrla, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-8- toothed or 5 (f. 1 1. b.) -8 (f. 10. a.) -cleft. Corolla 5 (f. 11.6. f. 10. a..) -S-cleft. Stigma 2-lobed or bifiJ. Berry didymous, having one of the lobes usually abortive. Seeds without albu- men.— Usually twining shrubs. Leaves simple or compound ; petioles articulated. Flowers white or yellow. * Leaves simple. Calyx cleft. 1 J. Sa'mbac (Ait. hort. kew.l. p. 8.) twining; leaves almost sessile, membranous, from cordate to oblong, acute or obtuse, glabrous ; calycine segments 5-9, subulate ; berries globular ; branches, petioles, and peduncles downy. Tj . '^. S. Native of the East Indies. Desf. ann. mus. 4. p. 20. Sims, bot. mag. 1785. Ker. bot. reg. t. 1. Mogorium, Sambae. Lam. diet. 4. p. 210. J. gimea, Zucc. 1 Nyctanthes Sambae, Lin. spec. 1. p. 8. — Burm. zeyl. p. 128. t. 58. f. 2. Leaves waved, and sometimes scolloped, smooth, except while young, but there are generally tufts of down in the axils of the veins beneath. Flowers generally forming small trichotomous umbellets, white, fragrant. Berries black. From this species we have the com- mon double, and rose or great flowered, and full Moogaries (Arabian or Tuscan jasmines.) These are always raised from layers, even in India, and have been improved by culture. The plant that bears the common double sort still retains its twining habit, but it is lost in the great rose, or full-flowered sort : here the branches are erect or spreading, but never twining. The Nyctdnthes unduldia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 8. is probably nothing but a variety of/. S^imhnc. Jar. a, Single-fowered Arabian jasmine. J. undulatum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 36. Mallica and Asphota, Asiat. res. 4. p. 245.— Rheed. mal. 6. p 97. t. 55. J'ar. fi, Doiihle-flowered Arabian jasmine. J. Sambae, var. flore pleno, Andr. bot. rep. 497. — Rheed. mal. 6. p. 87. t. 50. — Burm. zeyl. 128. t. 58. f. 2. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 52. t. 30. Var. y. Great double Arabian or Tuscan jasmine. J. Sambae, Ker. bot. reg. 497. — Rheed. mal. 6. p. 89. t. 51. Var. Z, trifolidlum ; leaves 3 in a whorl ; flowers double. Nyctanthes grandiflora. Lour, cocli. p. 21. Nyct. trifoli'kta, Vahl. enum. 1. p. 26. iSamiac or Arabian Jasmine. Fl. year. Clt. 1665. Sh. tw. 2 J. QUiNQUEFLORUM (Heyuc, herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 2878.) branches, peduncles, calyxes, and petioles downy ; leaves ob- long, sometimes short-acuminated, always mucronate ; calycine segments 8, long-subulate; corolla almost semi-double, of many lanceolate segments ; peduncles terminal, 3-5-flowered. tj . ,^. S. Native of the East Indies, at Gongachora and Patna. J. san- jilrium, Hamilt. mss. Flowers white. 'Rear\y a.\\\ed to J. Sdmbac. Var. (i, piibescens ; leaves rounded ; plant more downy ; co- rolla with fewer segments. Tj . ^, S. Native of the East Indies, at Mongger. J. pubescens, Hamilt. mss. ex Wall. cat. no. 2880. Five-flowered Jasmine. Shrub cl. 3 J. sca'ndens (Vahl. symb. bot. 3. p. 2. enum. 1. p. 27.) twining, glabrous; leaves cordate, ovate-oblong, entire, acu- minated, shining ; corymbs globular, terminal, trichotomous ; calycine segments 6-7, bristle-shaped, hairy ; segments of co- rolla 6-8, lanceolate, very acute, almost the length of tube. Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, particularly in Bengal, Chittagong, and Java. Nyctanthes scandens. Rets. obs. 5. p. 9. Mogorium scandens. Lam. diet. 4. p. 210. Peduncles and pedicels short, villous as well as the calyxes. Flowers pure white, delightfully fragrant. Climbing Jasmine. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub twining. 4 J. CLA^BRUM (Horsfield ex Link, jahrb. 1-3. H. p. 31. Blum, bijdr. p. 679.) scandent ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, downy on the margins and the ribs beneath, as well as the pe- tioles and branchlets ; peduncles axillary ; calycine segments subulate, downy. ^ • v^- S. Native of Java, about Batavia. Corolla of 9 narrow segments. Branches terete. Glabrous Jasmine. Shrub cl. 5 J. elonga'tum (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 28. Willd. spec. 1. p. 37.) climbing, villous ; leaves opposite or alternate, lanceolate or ovate-oblong ; corymbs trichotomous ; segments of corolla 8-12, linear; calyx 5-6-cleft : segments subulate. Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, in forests near the mouth of the Hoogly, in Bengal, and of Java. Nyctanthes elongata, Lin. syst. 56. suppl. 82. Berg. act. angl. 1772. p. 290. t. 1 1. J. Roxburgh- i^num. Wall. cat. no. 2870. Flowers pretty large, pure white, fragrant. Pedicels clavate. Corolla having the tube much swelled towards the mouth, and with the edges of the segments revolute. Var. ft ; leaves all somewhat cordate at the base, smoothish above. Tj . ^. S. Native of Java, about Linga Jattie, at the foot of Mount Tjerimai, among buslies. Blum, bijdr. p. 678. Elongated Jasmine. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. C J. GLABRiu'scuLUM (Blum. bijdr. p. 679.) subscandent ; leaves opposite, rarely alternate, ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base, glabrous, downy on the ribs beneath, as well as the branchlets ; cymes terminal, undivided ; calycine segments su- bulate. Ij . ^, S. Native of Java, about Linga Jattie, among bushes, in the province of Cheribon. Nearly allied to J. elon- gdtiim. Smoothish Jasmine. Fl. year. Shrub cl. 7 J. pube'scens (Willd. spec. 1. p. 37.) sarmentose, downy ; leaves cordate, mucronate, tomentose beneath and on the pe- tioles, at length naked above : the upper ones forming an invo- lucrum round the umbel ; umbels terminal, sessile ; calyx of 0-8 plumose, filiform segments ; segments of corolla 6-9, lanceolate. 60 JASMINEACE^. I. Jasminum. FIG. 10. Clt. 1759. Shrub strag- cuspidate. ^ . G. Native of the East Indies, in Bengal and Nipaul, but originally from China. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 26. Nyc- tanthes multiflora, Burm. fl. ind. p. 5. t. 3. f. 1. Nyct. pubes- cens, Retz, obs. 5. p. 9. J. multifloruni, Andr. rep. 8. t. 49G. Nyct. hirsutum, Lin. spec. p. 8. J. liirsiitum, Lin. syst. p. 5G. Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 117. t. 118. Ker. bot. reg. 51. Sims. bot. mag. 1991. Mogo- rium pubescens, Lam. diet. 4. p. 213.— Rheed. mal. 6. p. 95. t. 54. Flowers large, pure white, fragrant, (f. 10.) Domiij Jasmine. Fl. May, Aug. gling. 8 J. LAURiFoiiuM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 91.) climbing, gla- brous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, lucid, 3-nerved ; flowers axil- lary and terminal, from 1-5 together, on long pedicels; calycine segments 6-7, filiform : those of the corolla 9-12, linear, length of tube. \ • \j-^- Native of the mountains east of Bengal. Ker. bot. reg. t. 521. Flowers white, fragrant. Laurel-leaved Jd^smme. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl. 9 J. puncta'tum (Hamilt. herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 2877.) puberulous while young; leaves ovate -lanceolate or oblong-lan- ceolate, acuminated, feather-nerved, glabrous in the adult state ; peduncles terminal, trichotomous ; calyx downy, with linear segments; segments of the corolla 8-10, acute; bracteas subu- late. ^ . ^. S. Native of Patna. Flowers white. Dolled ia.sm\ne. Shrub cl. 10 J. coarcta'tum (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 91.) erect, glabrous; leaves oblong, smooth, acute ; corymbs terminal, pedunculate, crowded with ternate, nearly sessile flowers, bracteate ; calyx S-cleft. h . S. Native of the East Indies, on the hills near Chittagong. May be known from all the other simple-leaved East Indian species by the erect habit, and by the great number of flowers, which form the little dense corymbs. Conrc(a_i- CJ. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, of New South Wales, Norfolk Island, and the islands in the South Seas. J. geniculatum. Vent, choix, t. 8. J. lucidum, herb. Banks, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 132. Peduncles terminal; pedicels 3, 1-flowered. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla white, 5-8-cleft, fragrant ; segments linear. Slender Jasmine. Fl. year. Clt. 1791. Shrub cl. 39 J. Hamiltonii ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, glabrous, shin- ing ; peduncles terminal, solitary, trichotomous, 3-flovvered ; ca- lycine teeth short, subulate; limb of corolla 8-1 0-parted, with linear, obtuse segments, fj . ^. G. Native of Upper Nipaul, at Suembu. Mogorium dichotomum, Hamilt. mss. J. dichoto- mum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 105. but not of Vahl. Hamiltons Jasmine. Shrub cl. ? 62 JASMINEACEjE. I. Jasminum. 40 J. volu'bile (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 321. fragm. t. 44. f. 2.) twining, glabrous ; leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; panicle terminal ; calyx 4-6-toothe(l ; corolla (i-8- cleft. h^ . ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pedun- cles many-flowered. Berries blue. Tnining Jasmine. Shrub tw. 41 J. DEcussATUM (Wall. cat. 2860.) branches villous ; leaves broad- ovate, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, downy on both surfaces, but especially beneath and on the nerves above; petioles short, villous ; corymbs terminal, villous, trichotomous ; calyx with a short tube, and subulate teeth ; segments of corolla 6-8, line;a-lanceolate, acuminated. ^2 • S. Native of the Bur- man Empire, on the banks of the Martaban, at Amherst. Flowers white. Divisions of calyx between teeth and segments, like those of the following species. Decussate-\ea\eA Jasmine. Shrub erect ? 42 J. syring«f6lium (Wall. cat. no. 2861.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles tricho- tomous, axillary and terminal, corymbose ; calyx campanulate, with 6 subulate teeth ; segments of corolla lanceolate-linear, acute, 5-7. h • k^- S- Native of the Burman empire at Am- herst, on the banks of the Martaban, and at Tavoy. Lilac-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl. 43 J. DicHOTOMUM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 26.) climbing, glabrous; leaves ovate, quite glabrous ; panicles di-trichotomous ; calyx sub-campanulate, with subulate teeth. I; . ^. S. Native of Guinea. Corollaan inch long, white, sweet-scented. Berries blue. Dicliolomous Jasmine. Shrub cl. 44 J. Heynea'num ; glabrous ; leaves ovate-roundish, acu- minated ; peduncles axillary and terminal, trichotomous; calyx obsoletely 5-toothed ; segments of corolla acute ; berries twin, on clavate pedicels ; bracteas minute. I7 . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. J. undulatum, Heyne, herb, ex Wall. cat. 7125. but not of Vahl. Flowers white. Heyne's Jasmine. Shrub cl. 45 J. exte'nsum (Wall. cat. no. 2862.) glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated, mucro- nate ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous ; calyx campanulate, with at first almost obsolete teeth, but which increase in size as well as the pedicels, as the fruit comes to maturity ; segments of corollas oblong-lanceolate, mucronato. I^ . ^. S. Native of the Burman empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Flowers white. Extended Jasmine. Shrub cl. 46 J. attenua'tum (Roxb. herb. beng. ex Wall. cat. no. 2864.) glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, with re- volute edges, acuminated ; peduncles axillary and terminal, forming a loose, terminal panicle ; calyx campanulate, with short teeth ; segments of corolla 5, lanceolate, acuminated, fj . ^. S. Native of Silhet. Leaves 5-6 inches long and 2-3 broad. The /. lanceolatum, Roxb. fl. ind., is a variety of this, according to Wall. cat. 1. c. Flowers white. AUenuated-\ea.\e.d Jasmine. Shrub cl. * * * Leaves ternate, opposite. 47 J. auricula'tum (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 1. enum. 1. p. 30.) leaves ternate, but those of the branchlets and flowers are sim- ple ; lateral leaflets small; calyx angular, with 5 minute gland- like teeth, and is, as well as the branchlets, which are terete, downy; corolla 7-cleft. I; . '^. G. Native of the Isle of France and Malabar. Ker. hot. reg. 264. J. trifoliatum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 7. Mogorium trifoliatum. Lam. ill. 1. p. 24. The whole shrub is clothed with greyish down. Panicle fastigiate ; pedun- cles trichotomous. Calycine segments obtuse. Segments of corolla 5-8, ovate, obtuse, oblong. Berries globular. Flowers small, white, disposed in trichotomous corymbs. Stigma clavate. .4«j"ic/crf-leaved Jasmine. Fl. Ju. Sept. CIt. 1790. Sh. tw. 48 J. fle'xile (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 1. onum. 1. p. .31.) climb- ing, glabrous ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated ; racemes axil- lary, brachiate ; calyx campanulate ; with 5-6 minute, ovate teeth ; segments of corolla 7, shorter than the tube. ^i . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, and the Mauritius. J. Mauritii- num, Hort. J. Travancorense, Herb. madr. Petioles twisted. Peduncles spreading, longer than the leaves ; partial ones 3- flowered. Corolla with a very long tube. i?e«<-petioled Jasmine. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Sh. cL 49 J. TORTUosuM (Willd. enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 10.) twin- ing, glabrous ; leaflets lanceolate, mucronate : odd one the largest ; branches downy. Ij . '^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hoi)e. J. flexile, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 4. p. 46. t. 490. Leaves glabrous, but not shining, with a few hairs on the mid-rib beneath. Petioles downy. Corolla white, with lanceolatesegments. Twisted Jasmine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub tw. 50 J. trifolia'tum (Telfair, mss. ex Wall. cat. no. 2890.) branches, peduncles, petioles, and calyxes downy, as well as the leaves, in the young state ; leaves alternate, trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-roundish, obtuse : middle one on a longer petiole than the rest, glabrous in the adult state ; peduncles terminal and axil- lary, trichotomous, corymbose ; calyx 5-toothed ; segments of corolla 7-8, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. ^ . ,_,. S. Native of the Mauritius. Bracteas of 2 forms : upper ones subulate. Trifoliate Jasmine. Shrub cl. ? 51 J. NocTiFLORUM (Afz. cx Sprcng. syst. 1. p. 31.) leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, 3-nerved, glabrous ; peduncles by threes, 3-flowered, terminal ; calyx denticulated. f; . ^. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Night-fiowering Jasmine. Shrub cl. 52 J. Azo'ricum (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 31.) leaflets ovate and subcordate, undulated; branches terete; calyx campanulate; segments of corolla 5, equal in length to the tube. ^J . ^* G. Native of the Azores, and Madeira. Sims, hot. mag. 1889. Ker. hot. reg. 89. J. trifoliatum. Mcench. Nyctanthes Azorica, Lin. spec. 1. p. 9. — Conim. hort. 1. p. 159. t. 82. Flowers white. ^sorian Jasmine. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1724. Shrub tw. 53 J. Cape'nse (Thunb. prod. p. 2. fl. cap. 1. p. 41. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 32.) branchlets angular, and are, as well as the petioles and leaves glabrous ; leaflets ovate, sub-retuse, with an acumen ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calyx tubular. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. J. angulare, Willd. spec. 1. p. 38. Branches tetra- gonal. Leaves glabrous ; margins of petioles pilose. Panicles terminal, trichotomous. Calyx 5-6-toothed, short ; teeth short. Segments of corolla 6-7, much shorter than the tube. Cape Jasmine. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 5 feet. 54 J. DiDYMUM (Forst. prod. no. 8. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 2.) leaflets ovate-lanceolate ; racemes downy, axillary ; integument of seed reticulated and cliinky. I; . G. Native of the Society Islands. Glabrous. Leaves 2 inches long, obscurely veined. Peduncles length of petioles. Calyx short, campanulate, with minute teeth. Didymous irmteA Jasmine. Shrub. 55 J. linea're (R. Br. prod. p. 521.) leaves nearly opposite, downy ; leaflets linear, acute ; branches terete ; panicles axil- lary, trichotomous. I; . ^. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Linear-\ea.\eA Jasmine. Shrub cl. 56 J. divarica'tum (R. Br. prod. p. 521.) glabrous in every part ; leaflets sub-ovate ; teeth of calyx obsolete ; integument of seed imperforated. I; . ^. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Lindl. hot. reg. 1291. Divaricate Jasmine. Shrub cl. 57 J. campanula'tum (Link, jahrb. 1. 3. H. p. 30. enum. 1. p. 32.) leaflets oval, acuminated, apicidated, glabrous; calyx campanulate, glabrous, with very short segments ; panicle close ; branches terete, and are, as well as the petioles, downy. JASMINEACEiE. I. Jasminum. as fj . '^. S. Native of? Leaflets unequal at the base, somewhat repand, liaving tlie veins confluent near tlie margin. Campanulate-calyxed Jasmine. Clt. 1822. Shrub tl. 58 J. lanceola'ria (Roxb. fl. inch 1. p. 97.) erect; leaves ternate ; leaflets lanceolate ; corymbs terminal. Ij . F. Native of Silhet, in the jungles and coppices. Layiceolate Jasmine. Clt. 182G. Shrub erect. 59 J. PANicuLA^TUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 97.) erect, polished in every part ; leaves ternate ; leaflets oval, bluntly acuminated ; panicles terminal. Tj . G. Native of China. Lodd. hot. cab. 469. Flowers small, white, numerous. Pfli«;V/c(i Jasmine. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1818. Shrub. 60 J. dispe'rmum (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 99. pi. asiat. rar. 3. t. 274.) scandent, glabrous ; leaves opposite, pinnate, rarely ternate ; leaflets 5, rarely 3, ovate-oblong or ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, cordate at the base, 3-5-nerved ; corymbs terminal and lateral, brachiate ; calyx campanulate, with subu- late teeth ; segments of corolla 5, oblong, lanceolate, obtuse ; berries twin, 2-seeded. T; . ^. G. Native of Nipaul, where it is called Goojee-soali, as well as of Kamaon and Sirmore. J. lati- folium, Hamilt. mss. J. quinquenerve. Lamb. herb. Branches angular. Leaves membranous ; lateral leaflets smaller. Flowers large, fragrant, white, with opposite subulate bracteas at their base. Pedicels short. Berries twin, 2-seeded. Two-seeded Jasmine. Clt. 1825. Slirub cl. * * * * Leaves ternate, alternate. 61 J. fru'ticans (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9. syst. ed. 14. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 33.) leaves alternate, ternate, and simple ; leaflets obovate or cuneiform, obtuse ; branches angular ; calycine segments subulate. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe, and throughout the Levant. Curt. bot. mag. 13. t. 461. Schmidt, cest. baumz. 3. t. 148. J. heterophyllum, Moench, — Lob. adv. p. 389. f 390. Leaves glabrous. Peduncles ter- minal by threes. Corolla yellow : with oblong, obtuse segments. This ^a.swnne is often planted against walls, pales, &c. It, how- ever answers better for shrubberies than the common jasmine. Shrubby Jasmine. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1570. Sh. 10 to 12 ft. 62 J. hu'mile (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 33.) leaves alternate, acute, ternate and pinnate ; branches angular ; calycine segments very short, fj . H. Native of Madeira. Ker. bot. reg. t. 350.— Besl. eyst. 40. f. 2. — Knor. thes. 1. t. 1. — Schmidt, asstr. baumz. t. 149. Plant glabrous. Peduncles ter- minal, twin, or tern, 3-flowered. Corolla yellow: with oblong, obtuse segments. Humble or Italian Yellow Jasmine. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1656. Sh. erect, 3 to 4 feet. 63 J. ODORATissmuM (Lin. spec. p. 10. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 33.) leaves alternate, bluntish, ternate, and pinnate ; branches terete ; calycine segments very short, fj . ^. H. Native of Ma- deira. Curt. bot. mag. 8. t. 285. — Barr. icon. t. 62. Plant glabrous. Peduncles terminal, by threes, 3-flowered. Corolla yellow : with 5 oblong, obtuse segments, (f 1 1.) J ery sweet-scented or Indian Yellow Jasmine. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1656. Shrub cl. 64 J. heterophy'llum (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 99. and 164.) arboreous ; leaves alternate, simple, or ternate, oblong-elliptic or broad-ovate, acuminated, waved, lucid, firm, glabrous ; pani- 12 cles terminal, trichotomous, fastigiate, corymbose, downy ; calyx urceolate, with short, subulate teeth ; segments of the corolla oblong, equal to the tube in length. Pj . H. Native of Nipaul, where it is called Goojee and Javana. Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 3. t. 275. J. arboreum, Hamilt. mss. This species grows to a middle- sized tree, with long, terete branches, which have a tendency to become rambling. Leaves varying in size and form. Flowers very numerous, yellow, fragrant. Farious-leaved Jasmine. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Tr. middle- sized. 65 J. callophy'llum (Wall. cat. no. 2889.) glabrous; leaves alternate, trifoliate, on long petioles ; leaflets roundish-ovate, and ovate-lanceolate, shining, acuminated and mucronate, on long petiolules ; peduncles terminal, compound, trichotomously branched, with almost sessile flowers in the extreme forks, some- what racemose ; calyx slightly 5-toothed ; segments of corolla 5, acute, oblong-lanceolate. Ij . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains of Madura. Bracteas small, setaceous. Flowers white. Beautiful-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl. ***** Leaves pinnate, opposite. 66 J. OFFiciNA LE (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 34.) leaves opposite, pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated ; buds erectish. ^ . ^. H. Native of the south of Europe, in hedges. Curt. bot. mag. 1. t. 31. Lam. ill. t. 7. f. 1. — Bull. herb, t. 231. — Schmidt, sestr. baumz. 3. t. 150. Plant glabrous. Branches angular. Calycine segments 5, subulate. Corolla white, 4-5- cleft, sweet-scented. Terminal leaflet the longest. The common jasmine has been a favourite wall shrub from time immemorial. Its native country, as well as the date of its intro- duction, are unknown. Gerarde, in 1597, says it was in com- mon use for covering arbours. There are golden and silver- edged-leaved varieties of the common jasmine, as well as a double-flowered variety. Conunon Jasmine. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1548. Shrub cl. _ 67 J. GRANDiFLORUM (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9.) leaves opposite, pinnate ; leaflets bluntish, outer 3-5 confluent ; buds horizontal. fj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. 91. J. Hispanicum, Hort. — Rheed. mal. 6. t. 52. — Merian. sur. t. 46. — Knor. thes. 1. t. 1. Very like /. officinale, but diflfers in the equal size of the leaflets, and in the exterior ones being confluent, and in the flowers being larger, and rddish underneath. Great-flowered or Catalonian Jasmine. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1629. Shrub cl. 68 J. au'reum (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 106.) leaves oppo- site ; leaflets 9-11, ovate, acute, almost sessile, 3-nerved, gla- brous ; panicles terminal and lateral, few-flowered, glabrous ; branches 5-angled, glabrous. Fj . H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow. Golden-^owereA Jasmine. Shrub. 69 J. bignonia'ceum (Wall. cat. no. 2886.) leaves opposite, pinnate ; leaflets small, oblong, or oblong-obovate, or attenuated at both ends, glabrous : odd one usually acuminated ; peduncles aggregate, 3-flowcred, terminal ; corolla funnel-shaped, with roundish-reniform short segments ; calyx 5-toothed. H . G. Native of the Nellighery mountains, where it was collected by Noton. The leaflets are sometimes binate. Bignonia-like Jasmine. Shrub. ****** Leaves pinnate, alternate. 70 J. NERVOSUM (Lour. coch. p. 29.) scandent, glabrous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved, shining ; calycine segments 5-8, subulate ; segments of corolla 5-8, ob- long, obtuse. I; . ^. H. Native of Cochinchina, in hedges. Flowers white, scentless. Branches terete. Flowers terminal. 64 JASMINEACEiE. I. Jasminum. II. Nyctanthes. STRYCHNACE^. I. Strychnos. Nerved -\ea\eA Jasmine. Shrub cl. 71 J. REvoLUTiiM (Ker. bot. reg. 178. Sims, bot. mag. 1731.) erect; leaves alternate, pinnate; leaflets 5-7, ovate- lanceolate, or elliptic, glabrous, on short petiolules ; corymbs terminal, compound ; calycine teeth very short, mucronate ; branches angular, glabrous, f^ . F. Native of the mountainous countries north of Hindostan, and of Nipaul, &'c. Lodd. bot. cab. 96G. J. chrysanthemum, Roxb. fl. ind. l.p. 93. Leaves shining. Flowers bright yellow, very fragrant. Segments of corolla 5, obtuse. Stigma clavate. /Jciofo/e-leaved Jasmine. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1812. Sh. cl. 72 J puBiGERUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 106.) leaves alter- nate, pinnate ; leaflets 7, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminated, sessile, downy while young ; branches angular, downy ; pedun- cles elongated, 1 -flowered, terminal, sub-corymbose, downy; teeth of calyx short ; segments of corolla 5-6, obtuse. Ij . F. Native of Nipaul, where it is called Chimali-sma. J. Walli- chianum, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1409. Terminal leaflet longer and more attenuated than the lateral ones. Flowers yellow, smaller than those of J. revolutum, to which it is very nearly allied. Pubigerous Yellow Jasmine. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1827. Sh. cl. Cult. The hardy species of Jasmine are well adapted for training against walls or trellis work ; they will grow in any com- mon soil, and are easily increased by ripe cuttings planted under a hand-glass. The greenhouse kinds grow freely in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and ripened cuttings are easily struck in the same kind of soil, or in sand, under a hand-glass, in a little heat. II. NYCTA'NTHES (from vvl vvktoq, mix, nuctos, night; and ai'doc, anthos, a flower; in allusion to the flowers opening at the approach of night, and falling off at the break of day ; hence the name arbor tristis, which is given to the species.) Lin. gen. no. 21. Juss. 104. — Parilium, Gsertn. t. 51. — Sca- brha, Schreb. no. 154. Gfertn. 1. t. l.'iS. Lin. syst. D'ldndria, Mono^ynia. Calyx campanulate, slightly 5-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped. Stigma capitate, glan- dular. Capsule superior, obcordate, compressed, 2-celled, 2- valved ; cells 1-seeded. Embryo erect, without albumen. — An erect, spreading shrub, with opposite simple leaves, and large terminal panicles of flowers 1. N. A'RBOR-TRlsTis(Lin. spec. p. 8. syst. 56.) ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. 399. Parilium arbor tristis, Gajrtn. sem. 1 . p. 234. t. 51. Scabrita scabra, Lin. syst. 115. ed. 12; Geertn. fruct. 2. p. 265. t. 138. Scabrita triflora, Lin. mant. 1. p. 37. Manga pumerum, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 35. t. 21. Sephalica Asiat. res. 4. p. 244. Branches tetragonal. Leaves on short petioles, cordate, acuminated, entire, or coarsely serrated, scabrous. Inflorescence a large terminal, leafy, cross-armed panicle, composed of small, 5-flowered, terminal umbellets. Flowers numerous, middle sized, exquisitely fragrant, open at sunset, and fall off at sunrise. Involucra of the umbellets 4- leaved. Corolla with an orange-coloured tube, and a white bor- der ; segments of the limb 6-7, twisted, triangular, or obliquely lobed, having the outer margin scolloped. The flowers of this tree are exquisitely fragrant, partaking of the smell of fresh honey, and on that account the plant is much esteemed ; for when destitute of flowers, it has but an indifTerent appearance. The orange tubes of the flowers dye a most beautiful buflf or orange colour, with the various shades between them, according to the preparation and mode of conducting the operation ; but, unfortunately, no way has yet been discovered of rendering this elegant colour durable. Sad-Tree. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1781. Tree 10-18 feet. Cult. 'I'his tree grows freely in loam and peat, but seldom produces flowers in England. Cuttings, not too ripe, root rea- dily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. Order CL. STRYCHNA'CE^ (this order only contains the genus Strychnos.) Strychnese. Calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a cylindrical tube, and a 4-5-parted border ; segments narrow, imbricate in £estivation. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments very short ; anthers sub- sagittate or oblong. Ovarium superior, 2-celled ; ovula nume- rous, attached to fleshy receptacles down to the middle of the partition. Berries large, 2-celled, but in the more advanced state only 1 cell can be detected ; covered by a hard, brittle rind. Seeds few, or numerous, flattened, peltate, broad, nest- ling in gelatinous pulp ; integument double. Embryo straight, furnished with albumen, having the radicle pointing to the hilum, centripetal ; and the cotyledons often 3-nerved. Shrubs erect or rambling, either with or without tendrils. Leavesopposite, 3-nerved, or triple-nerved, rarely feather-nerved. Flowers small, white, or greenish white, disposed in terminal and axillary pedunculate corymbs. The well-known Nux-vomica, and the Clearing-nut of the East Indies, are species of Strychnos: the fruit is remarkable for its bitterness, and acrid deleterious effects, which are indicated, not only when introduced into the stomach, but still more violently when introduced into the system by inoculation. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Stry'chnos. Calyx 5 -parted. Corolla funnel-shaped. Sta- mens 5, on short filaments, inserted in the top of the tube. Berry 1-2 celled. Seeds nestling in the pulp, flat, peltate. — Leaves 3 or triple-nerved. 2 Picrophlce'us. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens 5, short, inserted at the base of the corolla. Berry 2- celled, many-seeded. Seeds variously angled. — Leaves veiny. 3 Cyrtophy'lldm. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens 5, exserted, inserted in the upper part of the tube. Berry 2-celled, many seeded. Seeds peltate. 4 Lasiostoma. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla with a short tube, and a 4-cleft limb ; lobes villous. Stamens 4, exserted, inserted in the tube. Capsule 1 -celled, ex Kunth, 2-celled, ex Meyer, 1-2-seeded. Seeds convex on one side, and flat on the other. — Leaves triple-nerved. 5 Gakdne'ria. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla rotate, with a short tube, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens 4, inclosed. Berry 2- celled, 2-seeded. Seeds orbicular, compressed. — Leaves fea- ther-nerved. I. STRY'CHNOS (orpvxi'oc is the Greek name of Solanum, applied to this genus by Theophrastus.) Lin. gen. no. 253. Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 476. t. 179. Juss. gen. 149. R. Br. prod, p. 469. Ignatia, Lour. coch. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla tubular, funnel-shaped : with a 5-parted, spreading limb, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the corolla. Ovarium 2-celled, many-seeded. Style one ; stigma capitate. Berry globose, pulpy inside, with a crustaceous rind. Seeds fixed to a central placenta, peltate, witli copious albumen. Embryo foliaceous, with a common radical. — Non-lactescent STRYCHNACEiE. I. Strychnos. 65 trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, usually nerved. Flowers corymbose. * Tendrils none. 1 S. Nu'x-VoMicA (Lin. spec. 271.) leaves 3-5-iK;rved, o\ al, shining ; berries many-seeded. ^ . S. Native of the coast of Coromandel. Woodv. nied. hot. 2. p. 29. t. 223. Church, et Stev. med. bot. 2. t. 52. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 8. t. 4, Gffirtn. fruct. t. 179. f. 7. Hayne, darst. t. 17. Plenck, icon. 117. Caniram, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 67. t. 37. Blackw. t. 395. Caniram vomiquier, Pet. Th. diet, sc, no. 1. Colubrini ligni tertium, genus in Malabar, Bauh. pin. p. 301. The tree is called Koochila by the Bengalese, and Miisadi by the Telingas. Leaves smooth, shining, from 1|- to 4 inches long. Stipulas wanting. Flowers small, greenish white, collected into terminal corymbs. Anthers half within the tube, and half out. Berry round, smooth, size of a pretty large apple, orange-coloured, when ripe. The wood of this tree being hard and durable, is used for many purposes by the natives. It is exceedingly bitter, particularly that of the root, which is used to cure intermitting ti;vers, and the bite of venomous snakes, when that of Naga- Musadi, the S. coluhnna, cannot be had. The seeds are em- ployed in the distillation of country spirits, to render them more intoxicating. The pulp of the fruit seems perfectly innocent, as it is greedily eaten by many sorts of birds. Nux Vomica is one of the narcotic acrid class of poisons, and seems to have a direct power over the spinal cord. It produces laborious perspiration, which is followed by torpor, trembling, coma, convulsions, and death. M. Drapiez has ascertained, by numerous experiments, that the fruit of Feuillea cordijulia is a powerful antidote against this, and other vegetable poisons. For a century Nux J'omica has been known as a powerful medi- cine, and is employed in a vast variety of diseases, with different degrees of success. M. Majendie discovered that the plant possessed the singular effect of strongly affecting the spinal marrow, without affecting, except indirectly, the function of the brain ; and it was conjectured by him, that it might be turned to advantage in the cure of diseases. This conjecture has since been amply confirmed. M. Majendie, ignorant of Dr. Fouquier's published cases, succeeded in curing persons of paralysis ; and has since given the alcaholic extract of Nux Vomica, not merely to palsies, both partial and general, but also to various other kinds of local and general debility. Strychnine is a preparation of Nux J umica. Vomit-Nut, or Poison Nut. Clt. 1788. Tree middle-sized. 2 S. POTATORUM (Lin. spec. p. 227.) leaves opposite, from ovate to oval, glabrous, pointed ; bark deeply cracked ; berries 1 -seeded. I; . S. Native of the East Indies, in mountains and woods of great extent. Lin. suppl. p. 148. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 9. t. 5. Stryclmos Tettan-cotta, Retz. obs. 2. p. 12. Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 477. t. 179. Caniram Titan-cotta, Pet. Th. diet, des. sc. no. 2, The Hindoo and Bengalese name of the tree is Nirmuke ; it is called Induga by the Telingas, and Tettan- Kotta by the Tamuls. Tlie leaves cannot be either said to be 3-nerved or triple-nerved. Stipulas connecting. Corymbs from the tops of the last year's shoots, round the base of the present year's, bearing, in a ternary order, many small, greenish yellow, fragrant flowers. Berry shining, black when ripe. The wood of this, like that of the former, is hard and durable, and is used for various economical purposes. The pulp of the fruit, when ripe, is eaten by the natives, although not very agreeable to Europeans, The ripe seeds are dried, and sold in every market, to clear muddy water. The natives never drink clear well- water, if they can get pond or river water, which is always more or less impure. One of the seeds is well rubbed, for a minute or two, round the inside of the vessel containing the water, gene- rally an unglazed earthen one, which is then left to settle ; in a VOL. IV. very short time the impurities fall to the bottom, leaving the water clear, and perfectly wholesome. These seeds are gene- rally carried about by the more provident part of our officers and soldiers, in time of war, to enable them to purify their water. They are easier to be obtained than alum, and are pro- bably less hurtful to the constitution. Drinkers' Strychnos or Clearing Nut. Clt. 1794. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 3 S. ovALiPOLiA (Wall. cat. no. 1592.) leaves oval, tapering to both ends, acuminated ; peduncles axillary, corymbose; fruit size of a small cherry. H . S. Native of Penang. Leaves with three principal nerves. S. laurina. Wall. cat. no. 1591, a native of Tavoy, does not appear to differ much from the present species, unless in the peduncles being branched and panicled. Oval-leaved Strychnos. Shrub cl ? 4 S. Madagascarie'nsis (Pet. Th. ex Poir. diet. 8. p. C9f).) leaves ovate, acute ; corolla quadrifid, with a villous throat ; fruit very large, 1 -seeded. h . S. Native of Madagascar, about Foul-Point. Caniram de Madagascar, Pet. Th. 1. c. no. 3. Flowers in axillary bracteate corymbs, at the tops of the branches. Very nearly allied to S. potatorum. Madagascar Strychnos. Clt. 1 823. Tree. 5 S. spinosa (Lam. ill. no. 2449. Poir. diet. 8. p. 697.) branches spiny ; leaves obovate, acute or acuminated ; corolla with a bearded throat, hardly longer than the calyx. Jj . S. Native of Madagascar, in sand, on the shore. Caniram, Voutac. Pet. Th. I.e. no. 4. Voutaca, Flacourt, mad. p. 121.no. 13. — Pluk. phyt. t. 170. f 4. Leaves glabrous, 3 inches long, and 2 broad, 5-nerved. Spines (abortive tendrils) longer than the petioles, axillary. Corymbs axillary, at the top of the branches, with opposite peduncles. Corolla tubularly ventricose, small. Fruit globose, many-seeded, 8 inches in diameter, at length orange-coloured. Spiny Strychnos. Clt. 1818. Tree 10 to 12 feet, cl. G S. Lu'ciDA (R. Br. prod. p. 469.) leaves ovate, acutish, coriaceous, 3-nerved ; nerves bipartite. h . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Shming-]eaved Strychnos. Shrub. 7 S. Igna'tii (Berg. mat. med. p. 149.) leaves ovate, acute, glabrous ; berry pear-shaped, many-seeded ; peduncles axillary, about 4-flowered. l^ • ^- S. Native of Cochinchina, and the Philippine Islands. Ignatia amara, Lin. suppl. p. 149. Gsertn. fruct. t. 179. f. 8. Ignatiana Philippinica, Lour. coch. p. 125. Caniram de St. Ignatio, Pet. Th. 1. c. no. 6. Camelli, Phil, trans. 21. t. 1. f. 46. Branches sarmentose, scandent. Leaves a span long, veiny. Panicles small, axillary, composed of 3-4-flowered peduncles. Flowers long, drooping, white, with the scent of jasmine. Fruit ovate, attenuated at the neck, size of a Bon Chretien pear. Loureiro, however, says that the fruit is rounded, attenuated at the neck, dry. Seeds ovate, trigonal, of a dry, very bitter substance. St. Ignatius's Bean. Shrub cl. * * Tendrils present. 8 S. coLUBRiNA (Lin. spec. 271.) scandent; tendrils sim- ple ; leaves from oval to oblong, bluntly acuminated, triple- nerved, polished ; berries many-seeded. V^ . ^. S. Native of the coast of Coromandel, and of Silhet. Plenck, off. t. 118. Modha Caniram, Rheed. mal. 8. t. 24. Caniram a Crochet, Pet. Th. 1. c. no. 5. Arbor ligni Colubrini, Rumph. amb. 2. t. 37. Tendrils lateral, becoming tliick and woody. Corymbs terminal, small, composed of 2-3 pairs of villous branches. Stipulas none. Flowers small, greenish yellow. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 2-3 broad. Berry often as large as an orange: rind vellowish. The tree is called by the Bengalese Koochila- luta, and by the Telingas Naga-Musadi. (Naga, or Tansoopaun, K 66 STRYCHNACEiE. II. Picrophlceus. III. Cyutophyllum. IV. Lasiostoma. V. Gardneria. in the Telinga language, means tlie Cobra de Capella, or Coluber naga, Lin. Tansoo means dancing, amlpaun, a serpent, this sort being famous for erecting its head, and moving it from side to side, at tiie sound of music.) This species yields the real, or, at least, another kind of Lignum Colubrinwn. The wood of the sort is esteemed, by the Telinga physicians, an infallible remedy for the bite of the Naga, as well as for that of every other venomous snake. It is applied externally, and at the same time given internally. It is also given in substance, for the Cure of intermitting fevers. Roxb. mss. in fl. ind. 2. p. 265. (Sna/le- wood, or Lignum Colubrinum. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 9 S. axillaris (Colbr. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 351-355. t. 15. Blum, bijdr. 1019.) leaves ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate ; tendrils axillary, simple, thickened, downy ; berry oval, 1 -seeded. Tj . ^. S. Native of the mountainous countries north and east of bilhet, in Bengal, where it is called Hur-cuchUa, or Har-citchUa ; and of the island of Nusa-Kambanga. Branches dichotomous, downy while young. Leaves glossy, villous while young, triple-nerved, sometimes also 3-nerved, twice as long as the interstices. Stipulas none, except a downy axillary margin, which connects the base of the petioles. Fascicles of flowers crowded, round, twice as long as the petioles. Axils of the principal nerves of the leaves, as also the petioles, downy. //a;i7/«r?/-flowered Strychnos. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 10 S. tiEU^TE (Leschen. ann. du mus. 16. p. 480. t. 23.) Bkim, bijdr. 1019.) leaves elliptic, short-acuminate, 3-nerved, glabrous ; tendrils simple, thickened, opposite the solitary leaves, f; . S. Native of Java, where it is called Tjeltek, or Upas Tieute. Bark of stem rufescent ; wood cream-coloured, spongy. Branches green. Leaves 3-nerved, glabrous, green. Fruit globose, many-seeded. This tree is said to be very poisonous, and is probably the true Upas tree of Java. Tieute Strychnos. Shrub cl. 11 S. BiciRRiiosA (Lesch. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 267.) leaves elliptic, cuspidately acuie, triple-nerved ; tendrils bifid, opposite the leaves, with thickened divisions ; berry globular, 1-seeded. Tj . ^, S. Native in forests near Koudracotta, about 20 miles south of Tanjore. Tendrils with a pair of scale-formed bracteas under the divisions. Glabrous in every part. Tmo-tendriUed Strychnos. Shrub cl. 12 S. NiTiDA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, with 3 principal nerves, and 2 small lateral ones ; tendrils oppo- site the leaves, bifid at apex, having the lobes clavate and curved at top, without any small process between them, as in S. hicirrhosa. Lesch. Tj . ,^. S. Native of the East Indies, on the Pundua mountains. Peduncles long, corymbose at top. S. lucida, Wall. cat. no. 1590, but not of R. Br. Shilling-leaved Strychnos. Shrub cl. 13 S. brachia'ta (Ruiz, ct Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 30. t. 157.) leaves ovate or oblong, acuminated, 5-nerved, glabrous ; tendrils opposite the leaves ; berry globose, many-seeded ; stem bra- chiate, terete; flowers corymbose, axillary and terminal, fj . ^. S. Native of Peru, in woods. Branches pendant. Bracteas linear, subulate, deciduous. Calyx villous. Corollas white, villous outside. Berries large, globose, pendulous, greenish yellow. Bracliiate-slemmed Strychnos. Shrub cl. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, is a good soil for the species of Strychnos ; and cuttings of them will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. II. PICROPHLCE'US (from mKpoe,picros, bitter; and (pXoioe, phloios, bark; the bark is very bitter.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1019. LiN. SYST. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, im- bricate. Corolla with a short tube ; and a 5-parted limb, which is imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the base of the corolla, short. Style short ; stigma obtuse, emarginate. 12 Berry with a crustaceous rind, 2-celled, many-seeded ; recepta- cles or placentas twin in each cell, fleshy, rising from the inflexed edges of the dissepiments. Seeds minute, variously- angled, reticulated. Albumen rather cartilaginous. — A shrub, with bitter bark ; opposite, oblong, coriaceous, rather veiny, quite glabrous leaves ; and terminal, dichotomous corymbs of flowers. 1 P. Javane'nsis (Blum, bijdr. p. 1020.) fj . S. Native of Java, in the higher woods on Mount Salak. Java Picrophlceus. Fl. April, July. Shrub. Cult. See Strychnos, above, for culture and propagation. III. CYRTOPHY'LLUM (from KvproQ, kyrtos, a curved ; and (jivXXof, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the leaves of the first species being convex on the upper side.) Reinwdt. herb, ex Blum, bijdr. p. 1022. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Alonogynia. Flowers inferior, ac- cording to Blum. ; but, according to Reinwdt, superior. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb 5-parted. Stamens 5, exserted ; filaments inserted in the upper part of the tube ; anthers incumbent, emarginate at the base. Style filiform ; stigma bluntish. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded ; receptacle fleshy, fixed to the dissepiment. — Hardly lactescent trees ; with opposite, coriaceous, glabrous leaves ; and axillary and terminal corymbose inflorescence. 1 C. I'EREGRiNUiM (Reinwdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 1022.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, convex above, and concave beneath. Ij . G. Native of Japan and China. Foreign Cyrtophyllum. Fl. year. Tree. 2 C. sPEciosUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 1022.) leaves broad-lanceo- late, much acuminated, flat. Ij . S. Native of Java, in woods on Mounts Salak and Gede, where it is called Kiminjak. Showy Cyrtophyllum. Fl. June, Aug. Tree. Cult. See Strychnos, above, for culture and propagation. IV. LASIO'STOMA (from XaaioQ, lasios, woolly ; and dTofia, stoma, a mouth ; mouth of corolla.) Schreb. gen. no. 180. Meyer, ess. p. S3. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 209.— Roiihamon, Aubl. guian. 1 . p. 93. t. 36. Lam. ill. t. 81. Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, bibrac- teate at the base ; segments acute. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube short ; limb quadrifid : lobes acute, villous. Stamens 4, in- serted in the tube, exserted ; anthers oblong, 2-celled. Ovarium ovate. St^leone; stigma ovate. Capsule orbicular, 1 -celled, ex Kunth. 2-celled, ex Meyer, 2-seeded. Seeds ovate, convex on one side, and flat on the other. — Cirrhiferous, climbing shrubs, full of yellowish, poisonous juice ; having the branches opposite : and the tendrils axillary, solitary, thickened, and spirally convolute at top. Leaves opposite, quite entire, triple- nerved. Corymbs axillary, opposite, bracteate. Flowers small, white. Capsules yellowish. 1 L. Cura're (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 7. p. 210.) leaves oblong, triple-nerved; flowers corymbose, l^ . v_y. S. Native of South America, near Esmeraldo, in the missions of the Orinoco. Curare, or Bejuco de Mavacure, Humb. relat. hist. 2. p. 547. Curare Lasiostoma. Shrub cl. 2 L. divarica'ta (Meyer, ess. p. 83.) leaves obovate-oblong, triple-nerved; flowers racemosely corymbose. Ij . ^. S. Native of tropical America. Divaricate Lasiostoma. Shrub cl. 3 L. ciRRHosA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 134.) leaves elliptic, 3-nerved ; corymbs sessile. tj • v^- S. Native of Guiana. Roiihamon Guianensis, Aubl. 1. c. Lam. 1. c. Tendrilled Lasiostoma. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Strychnos, above. V. GARDNE'RIA (this genus is dedicated to Hon. Edward Gardner, late resident at the court of the Rajah of Nipaul, STRYCHNACEiE. V. Gardneria. VI. Dicaryum. POTALIACE^. I. Potalia. 67 by whose indefatigable exertions and liberality the Botanic Gar- dens at Calcutta, as well as those of Britain, have been enriched by many splendid additions of plants and seeds, the productions of Nipanl.) Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 401 and 2. p. 318. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 132. Cyathospermum, Wall. mss. Lin. syst. Telrandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, 4-5-toothed. Corolla rotate, with a 4-5-partcd limb, and a short tube ; valvate in ajstivation. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments very short, flat ; anthers oblong, convex outside, flattish inside, 2-celled, closely com- bined into a cone : having the valves membranous and involute after dehiscence. Style subulate, straight, shorter than the sta- mens, with a furrow on each side ; stigma acute. Ovarium superior. Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds compressed, orbi- cular ; testa simple, adhering closely to the albumen, which is copious, white and horny, pellucid and dotted. Embryo straight, basilar. Cotyledons ovate. — Climbing, much branched shrubs, glabrous in every part. Leaves opposite, ex-stipulate, elliptic, acuminated, rather coriaceous, quite entire, shining, pe- tiolate. Peduncles axillary, opposite, trichotomous, 3-flowered, or simple 1 -flowered, glabrous, shorter than the leaves. Flowers white, twice the size of those of the Cynanchum v'mceldxicum. 1 G. ovVta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 400. 2. p. 318.) leaves elliptic, acuminate, acute at the base ; peduncles tricho- tomous, 3-flowered ; flowers tetrandrous ; seeds concave inside. H . ^. S. Native of Silhet, in Bengal. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 17. t. 231. Leaves pale beneath, having the nerves united by sub-marginal arches ; petioles widening at the base, and sur- rounding the branches, concealing in their axils a few withering eiliee. Placenta fleshy, short, originating from tlie centre of the dissepiment. Anthers combined. Oi'«(e-leaved Gardneria. Shrub cl. 2 G. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 318.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, tapering into a narrow acumen ; flowers solitary, axillary, pentandrous ; anthers distinct, fj . ,^. S. Native of Nipaul. Leaves 5 inches long, and 1 inch in breadth. Petioles as in the preceding. Flowers nodding in sestivation, tetrandrous and pentandrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry scarlet, as large as a marrow-fat pea, but in all other respects like that of G. ovala. Narrow-leaved Gardneria. Shrub, cl. 3 G. gla'bra (Wall. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 132.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, obtuse at the base ; peduncles 1- Howered, simple : seeds flat inside. Fj . ^. S. Native of Silhet. The flowers and seeds are larger than in G. ovdta. It is probably the same as G. angustifilia. Glabrous Gardneria. Shrub cl. 4 G. Wallichii (Wight, herb, ex Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 49. t. 281.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, or bifid, each division bearing 3 flowers ; corollas densely villous above ; anthers 4, combined, 1^ . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, on mountains at Salem, Wight. Waliich's Gardneria. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Stry'chnos, p, 66. t A genus doubtful whether belonging to the present order. VI. DICA'RYUM (from ?tg, dis, double; and Kapvoy, karyon, a nut ; drupe containing 2 nuts.) Herb. Willd. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 802. Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed, per- manent. Corolla 5-toothed ; with a pilose throat. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat. .Style thick, subulate ; stigma obtuse. Drupe containing 2 2-celled, 1 -2-seeded nuts. — South Ame- rican trees ; with opposite leaves ; and terminal, panicles, or axillary racemes of flowers. This genus is said by D. C. to belong to Strychnacece, but it is hardly known. 1 D. subdenta'tum (Willd. herb. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acutely toothed, shining above; racemes terminal. I7 . S. Native of South America, at Pichincha. Humb. et Bonp. Leaves coria- ceous, with protuberances at the base of the petioles, reticulately veined, pale beneath. Subdentate-\eavei] Dicaryum. Tree or shrub. 2 D. serrula'tum (Willd. herb. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumi- nated, serrulated ; panicles axillary. Pj . S. Native of South America, on Mount Quindiu. Humb. et Bonp. Serrulated-\ea.\cd Dicaryum. Tree or shrub. Ciclt. For culture and propagation see Stnjchnos, p. 66. Order CLI. POTALIA'CEJi (so called in consequence of the order agreeing with the genus Potalia in important charac- ters.) Potali^oe, Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 133. Flowers of unequal parts. Calyx 4-5-6-parted. Corolla tubular, with a nearly equal limb, which is from 5-12-cleft, twisted and imbricate in jestivation. Stamens rising from the tube of the corolla ; pollen elliptic, simple. Style continuous : stigma simple. Berry 2-4-celled. Seeds numerous, peltate, fixed to the placentas, which are central. Testa double. Em- bryo heterotropus, in cartilaginous albumen — Glabrous, some- what lactescent shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, quite entire, joined by interpetiolar sheathing stipulas. Flowers disposed in terminal panicled corymbs, bracteate. This order is easily distinguished from Apocy'nece, from which it is broke ofT, in the parts of the flowers being unequal, in the double testa to the seed, and especially in the petioles being joined by interpetiolar stipulas, as in Rubiacece. Synopsis of the genera. 1 Pota'lia. Calyx 4-parted. Limb of corolla 10-parted, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 10; filaments combined by an annuhnr membrane. Berry 2-celled. 2 Anthoclei'sta. Calyx 4-parted. Limb of corolla 12-cleft, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 12, combined. Berry 2-celled. 3 Fagr/e'a. Calyx 5-parted. Limb of corolla 5-6-parted. imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 5, unconnected. Berry 2-celled. I. POTA'LIA (Guiana name of the first species). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 396. t. 151. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 89. — Nicandra, Schreb. gen. no. 714. Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured, tur- binate, 4-parted. Corolla tubular; limb 10-cleft ; segments imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 10, rising from the tube of the corolla ; filaments combined by an annular membrane at the base; anthers linear. Style short; stigma capitately pel- tate, lobed. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded, umbonate, angular. Seeds angular, rising from 2 basilar placentas. — Nearly simple glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite and decussate, large, entire, joined by an interpetiolar sheath at the base. Flowers of a beautiful colour, disposed in terminal corymbose panicles, fur- nished with scale-like br.icteas. 1 P. ama'ra (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 396. t. 151.) leaves opposite, decussate, obovate, pointed ; calyx yellow ; corolla white. 1} . S. Native of Guiana, in extensive forests. Nicandra amara, Gmel. syst. 677. Stem simple. Leaves ]| foot long and 5 inches broad. Berry yellow, fleshy, size of a cherry. All parts of the plant are bitter ; the leaves and tender twigs are used in venereal cases; and where there is suspicion of poison, it being highly emetic in large doses. Bitter Potalia. Shrub. K 2 68 POTALIACE^E. II. Anthocleista. III. Fagr.ea. 2 B. REsiNiFERA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 90. t. 170.) leaves opposite, oblong-obovate ; calyx yellow ; corolla green, fj . S. Native of Brazil, in tlie province of Rio Negro, at Villa Barra do Rio Negro. Stem simple. An infusion of the leaves is rather mucilaginous, and somewhat astringent ; and is used as a lotion to weak eyes. Resin-hear'mg Potalia. Shrub C to 8 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Fagrcea, p. 69. II. ANTHOCLEI'STA (from a>'9oc, anthos, a flower, and k-Xfitrros, kleistos, shut up ; corolla shut up by the crown in the throat). Afz. ex R. Br. Lin. syst. Dodecdndria, Monogynm. Calyx 4-parted. Co- rolla tubular ; limb 12-cleft, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 12, combined. Style filiform ; stigma capitate, obtusely 2- lobed. Berry roundish or oblong, size of a cherry, 2-celled ? 4-celled. ? — Middle-sized branching trees ; with broad, oppo- site leaves, which are combined at the base by interpetiolar sheaths ; and terminal panicled corymbs of white flowers. 1 A. NOBTLis; leaves broad, obovate, coriaceous, almost sessile. \ . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains. Corolla white. Noble Anthocleista. Tree 20 feet. 2 A. MACROPHYLLA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. 471.) leaves broad-obovate, obtuse, membranous. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains. Berry 4-celled. Leaves as large as those of the common cabbage. Large-leaved Anthocleista. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Fagrcea, p. 69. III. FAGRjE'A (so named by Thunberg in honour of Jonas Theodore Fagraeus, M. D.). Thimb. nov. gen. 34. Schreb. gen. no. 276. Lin. syst. Penta-Hexdndxia, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate. Corolla funnel-shaped : with an imbricate, 5-C-cleft limb : tube wideniuif from the base. Stamens 5-6, inserted in the mouth of the tube, and protruding beyond it. Style fili- form; stigma peltately orbicular. Berry small, 2-4-celled. Seeds angular. — Trees or shrubs, with opposite, broad, coriaceous leaves ; with interpetiolar stipulas ; and terminal flowers. Brac- teas opposite. * Erect shrubs and trees. 1 F. Zeyla'nica (Lin. syst. 198. Thimb. nov. gen. 35. and in act. holm. 1782. p. 132. t. 4') shrubby, erect; stem sub- quadrangular ; leaves crowded, obovate-oblong, obtuse ; brac- teas ovate, obtuse ; flowers few, terminal, umbellate. Ij . S. Native of Ceylon. Willughbeia Zeylanica, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 672. Leaves a span long. Flowers large. Segments of co- rolla oblique, obtuse, entire. Seeds orbiculate. Ceylon Fagrsea. Fl. Dec. Shrub 2-4 feet. 2 F. FRA~GRANS (Roxb. fl. iud. 2. p. 32.) arboreous ; leaves lanceolate, bluntly acuminated ; corymbs axillary, decompound ; stamens ascending ; corollas large. fj . S. Native of China, but now cultivated in Pulo Penang. Leaves decussate, | foot long and 1^ inch broad. Petioles enlarged at the base into a stem-clasping ring, which, in the dried specimens, are incrusted with a clear yellow resin. Flowers small, numerous, whitish yellow. Corolla having a tube between campanulate and fun- nel-shaped : and ovate-oblong divisions. Berry size of a cur- rant, red. Fragrant Fagraea. Tree middle-sized. 3 F. lanceola'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1021.) arboreous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, almost veinless ; stipulas petiolar, rounded at the apex ; peduncles terminal, solitary, twin, or tern. Tj . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods on the west side of the island, where it is called Kilerong ; and of Penang. Wall. cat. no. 1599. Leaves smaller than in most of the species. Lanceolate-\ea.veA Fagraea. Fl. Nov. Dec. Tree. 4 F. ellIptica (Roxb. fl. ind, 2. p. 32.) leaves broad-elliptic, on short petioles, firm ; corymbs terminal, supra-decompound ; tube of corolla cylindrical. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas. Ellij)tic-\eaved Fagrsea. Tree or shrub. 5 F. obova'ta (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 33.) arboreous ; leaves ovate or obovate, crowded, rounded, with a short broad point, petiolate ; peduncles terminal, 3-flowered, sub-corymbose. Ij . S. Native of Silhet, and Singapore. Branches obscurely 4-sided. Leaves 5-6 inches long, thick. Petioles furnished with a few glandular ciliae, connected by interpetiolar stipu- las. Flowers white, fragrant, coriaceous, as large as those of Pluniiera acuminata, but inuch smaller than those of F. Zey- lanica. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse. Berry 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds immersed in soft pulp. Perhaps the same as F. Zeylanica. 06oDa/e-leaved Fagraea. Tree. 6 F. Malaya na (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 91.) leaves elliptic, rounded at both ends, with a short acumen at the apex ; calyx 5-cleft, as in the rest ; corolla tubular, 6-cleft ; stamens 6. ^ . S. Native of the Prince of Wales's Island. Perhaps the same as /•'. ellij)lica. Malay Fagraea. Shrub or tree. 7 F. racemosa (Jack, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 35.) shrubby, erect ? ; leaves broad, oval, rounded at both ends, almost sessile ; racemes drooping, terminal, shorter than the leaves, consisting of opposite fascicles of sub-sessile flowers, ^ . S. Native of Penang. Leaves 6-7 inches long, and 4-5 wide, obtuse, or slightly pointed, united by interpetiolar stipulary processes. Calycine segments oval, obtuse. Segments of corolla obovate, crenulated. .Stamens at first descending, afterwards ascending. Racemose -Aovi ere A Fagraea. Shrub. * * A climbing shrub. 8 F. voLu BiLis (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 36.) shrubby, climbing ; leaves ovate or obovate, petiolate ; racemes terminal, loose, longer than the leaves, composed of remote, small ra- cemules of pedicellate flowers. }^ . ^. S. Native of Bencoolen. Leaves rather remote, 8-12 inches long, and 4-7 vvide at top. Stipulas as in F. racemosa. Petioles furnished with a narrow margin on each side, which originates from the slightly decur- rent base of the leaf. Berries as large as gooseberries, half the size of those of F. obovdla. Placentas oblong, broad, fleshy, convex and notched for the reception of the seeds ; the inner side smooth and concave, fixed longitudinally by a narrow lamina to the sides of the thin dissepiment. Seeds angular, sca- brous, with copious dots ; integument simple, crustaceous. Al- bumen fleshy. Embryo cylindrical, occupying a great part of the axis of the albumen, with exceedingly small cotyledons, and a centrifugal radicle. This and F. racemosa may probably form a distinct genus. Twining Fagraea. Shrub cl. * * * Parasitical shrubs. 9 F. auriculata (Jacq. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 34. Blum, bijdr. p. 1020.) parasitic; leaves broad, cuneate-oblong, acute, veiny; interpetiolar stipulas, 2-lobed, recurved ; peduncles ter- minal, usually by threes ; corolla large. Tj . S. Native of Java, parasitical on trees about Buitenzorg, where it is called Men- gando-badak ; and of Singapore. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. t. 222. Leaves coriaceous, 6-12 inches long, and 3-4 inches broad at top. Calycine segments roundish, obtuse, spreading. Flowers very large. Auricled Fagraea. Fl. year. Shrub par. APOCYNEjE. 69 10 F. littora'lis (Blum, bijilr. 1021.) parasitic ; leaves oval, acute at both ends, almost veinless ; stipulas petiolar, rounded at top ; peduncles terminal, usually by threes. h . S. Native of the island of Nusae-Kambanga. Parasitical on trees. Sea-shore Fagrtea. Fl. Oct. Shrub parasitical. 11 F. MINOR (Herb. Reinvvdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 1021.) parasitic ; leaves oval, acute, rounded at the base, veiny ; sti- pulas petiolar, rounded at top ; peduncles terminal, sub-corym- bose, trifid. f} ■ S- Native of Java, upon trees on the moun- tains, where it is called Mengando. Smaller Fagrsea. Fl. year. Shrub par. 12 F. Blu'mii ; parasitic ; leaves obovate-oblong, bluntish, almost veinless above ; stipulas petiolar, emarginate at the apex ; peduncles terminal, corymbosely 3-flowered. Ij . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. F. obovata, Blum, bijdr. p. 1021. but not of Wall. Blinne's Fagraea. Fl. Feb. Shrub par. Cult. The species of Fagraa bear large foliage, and showy flowers, as the other genera of the order. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, is a good soil for them ; and cuttings strike root readily in sand, placed in heat, with a hand-glass over them. Order CLII. APOCY'NE^ (so named on account of its containing plants agreeing in particular characters with Afocy- num.) Juss. gen. p. 160. R. Br. prod. p. 465. Calyx 5- cleft, permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogy- nous, regular, 5-lobed, imbricate in asstivation, deciduous. Stamens 5, epipetalous, alternating with the segments of the limb of the corolla ; anthers 2-celled : dehiscing lengthwise ; jxjllen granular. Stigmas at first applied to each other. Ovaria solitary or twin, and therefore the styles are I or 2, and but always 1 stigma ; ovaria for the most part many seeded. Fruit follicular, drupaceous or baccate, 1 or many-seeded, solitary or twin. Seeds usually albuminous. Embryo foliaceous, with an inconspicuous plumule. — Trees or shrubs usually full of acrid milky juice. Leaves opposite, sometimes verticillate, rarely scattered, quite entire, usually furnisiied with interpetiolar cilia or glands. Inflorescence sub-corymbose. All the plants contained in this order are very natural. The structure of the anthers and stigmas easily distinguish them from A scleinadec^, to which they are more nearly allied than to any other. The order Strychnacete is distinguished from this in the peltate seeds. The order is also closely allied to the Rubiacece ; but is easily distinguished from it, in the want of interpetiolar stipulas, and in the superior ovarium, &c. We now turn from the contemplation of plants endued with mild and agreeable properties, and fragrant flowers, and often bearing food for man, to others, which are among the most dan- gerous poisons, whose juices, though milky, are not a wholesome and delicious beverage, like those oi Saiwtacece, but, on the con- trary, acrid, caustic, and bitter. They are readily known by the twisted direction of the corolla, which have been compared to the rays of St. Catherine's wheel, whence they were called, by Linnaeus, Conlorta. By far the greatest part of the order consists of tropical trees and shrubs ; a ievi Apocynums, Amsbnias, and Vincas, are natives of the colder regions of the earth. Many are elegant climbers, as the different species of Echiles, Melodimis, &c. The splendid Oleander belongs to Neriitm ; the difl^erent species of Plumiera, Cameriiria, Strophdnthus, and Carissa, are stove plants of the greatest beauty. The medicinal action of these plants is highly powerful. In general the A pocy'nece are acrid, stimulating, and astringent: these principles, when in excess, act so powerfully on the nerves as to produce stupefaction. The root of Ophioxylon is very bitter and purgative. The bark of Tanghinia Mdnghas is pur- gative ; of Ech'ites antidysenterlca, and the Wrightia of the same name, astringent and febrifugal. The leaves of the Finca are so astringent, that they have been used successfully in tanning ; those of Nerium Oleander are said to abound in gallic acid. The inspissated juice of the species of Cerbera, known in Mexico under the name of Ycotli, is a fatal poison. The fruit of Tan- ghinia is the famous ordeal of Madagascar. Synopsis of the genera. Tribe L Echitie's. Fruit of 2 follicles, sometimes a 2-celled capsule. Seeds furnished rvith a tuft of hairs at the iqiper or umbilical end. * Tube of corolla naked, not crowned, and without scales or teeth inside. 1 EcHiTES. Stamens inclosed; anthers adhering. Hypo- gynous scales 5, distinct, rarely combined. Corolla salver-shaped, with dimidiate segments. Follicles slender. 2 Chonemorpha. Stamens inclosed ; anthers adhering. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or combined. Corolla funnel- shaped, with dimidiate segments. Follicles slender. 3 Aganosma. All as in Chonemorpha, except the hypogy- nous scales, which are long and combined ; and the style thick, not slender ; and the stigma is conical, angular at the base, and mucronate at top, not emarginate. 4 Beaumontia. Calycine segments foliaceous. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube, and a large, swollen, campanu- late limb, with equal lobes. Stamens exserted ; anthers ad- hering. Stigma bidentate. Follicles combined, large, long. 5 Pachypodium. Stamens inclosed ; anthers nearly sessile, adhering. ? Hypogynous scales none. Corolla salver-shaped ; with equal, obtuse segments. Follicles ovate. 6 Ichnoca'rpus. Stamens inclosed ; anthers free. Hypogy- nous corpuscula 5, filiform. Corolla salver-shaped, with dimidiate segments. Follicles slender. 7 Holarrhe'na. Stamens inclosed ; anthers free. Hypo- gynous corpuscula wanting. Corolla sagittate, with equal seg- ments. Follicles slender. 8 Isone'ma. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; filaments simple at top. Hypogynous scales wanting. Corolla salver- shaped ; limb 5-parted. 9 Valla'ris. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila- ments each furnished with a fleshy gibbosity outside, at the apex. Hypogynous scales 5, combined at the base. Corolla salver-shaped ; limb 5-parted. Ovarium 2-celled. 10 Hely'gia. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila- ments filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Stigma clavate. Corolla rotate, with dimidiate segments. Follicles combined, with adnate placentas. 70 APOCYNEiE. 1 1 Parsonsia. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila- ments fiUfovm, inserted near the base of the tube. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or combined. Corolla funnel-shaped. Folli- cles 2, distinct or cohering. 12 Lyonsia. All as in Parsonsia, except the fruit, wh^ch is a 2-celled capsule, with parallel placentiferous dissepiments. 13 Thena'rdia. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila- ments simple, inserted near the base of the tube. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct. Corolla rotate, with dimidiate segments. Follicles twin. 14 Ade'num. Stamens inclosed; anthers adhering, ending each in a pilose bristle. Hypogynous scales wanting. Corolla salver-shaped, with equal segments. Ovaria 2, globose. * * Tube of corolla furnished with 5 inclosed little scales, or teeth inside. 15 Apocynum. Teeth, in the tube of the corolla, 5, small, acute, opposite the segments of the limb. Stamens inclosed. Styles wanting. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla campanulate. Follicles slender. 16 Cryptole'pis. Scales in the tube of the corolla 5, obtuse, alternating with the segments of the limb. Stamens inclosed. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla funnel-shaped. Style none. 17 Exothoste'mon. Scales in the throat of the corolla 5, opposite the segments of the limb. Stamens exserted. Hypo- tfynous scales 5. Style filiform. Corollas fimnel-shaped. Follicles torulose, slender. 18 H^EMADicTYON. Scales in the tube of the corolla 5, alter- nating with the segments of the limb. Stamens inclosed. Style filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla salver-shaped. 19 Cercocoma. Scales in the tube of the corolla 5 ?, alter- nating with the segments of the limb. ? Stamens inclosed. Style filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla salver-shaped. Follicles horizontal. * * * Throat of corolla cronmed by exserted scales, or little tubes. 20 Prestonia. Corona double, exterior one annular, and quite entire ; interior one of 5 scales, which alternate with the segments of the corolla. Urceolus hypogynous. 21 Balfou'ria. Corona simple, tubular, crenulated. Hypo- gynous scales none ; but there are 10 scales seated at the base of the calyx, outside the corolla. Segments of corolla equal- sided. Anthers ending in a short mucrone. 22 Ne'rium. Corona simple, of one series of divided seg- ments. Hypogynous scales wanting. Segments of corolla equal-sided. Anthers ending in a long awn each. 23 Stropha'nthus. Corona simple, of 10 undivided foliola. Hypogynous scales 5. Segments of corolla tailed. Tribe H. Wrightie'^:. Fruit of 2 follicles. Seeds furnished mith a txft of hairs at the lower end of the seed, or that end opposite the umbilicus. Embryo with involute cotyledons. 24 Wrightia. Throat of corolla crowned. Tuft of hairs at end of seed sessile. 25 Kibata'lia. Throat of corolla not crowned. Tuft of hairs at end of seed stipitate. Cercocoma, Wall. ? Tribe HI. Alstonie'jE. Fruit of 2 follicles. Cilia more elongated at both ends. 26 Alstonia. Corolla salver-shaped, with a Anthers inclosed, free. Hypogynous scales none. Seeds peltate, ciliated. naked throat. Tribe IV. Gelsemie'/e. Fruit of 2 joined follicles, which are separable, furrorved in the middle, Z-valved, Z-celled ; valves \-celled, nith inflexed seminiferous edges, which constitute the dissepiments. 27 Gelse'mium. Corolla funnel shaped. Stigma trifid. Capsule ovate-oblong, rather compressed. Seeds imbricate, membranous at apex. 28 Pleotane'ia. Corolla with a short ventricose tube, and a twisted or coaretate limb. Stigma capitate. Anthers sessile. Capsule follicular, very long, 2-celled ; seeds compressed, winged. Tribe V. Tabernemonta'n*. Fruit of 2 follicles, rarely solitary by abortion. Seeds neither tufted nor winged, usually nestling in the jmlp of the fruit, albuminous. Stigma annular below, and bifd at top. Anthers free, connivent, 29 Tabernemonta'na. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens inclosed. Glands at the base of the calyx outside the corolla. Seeds immersed in pulp. 30 Camera RiA. Corolla between funnel and salver-shaped. Stamens inclosed ; anthers connivent, drawn out, each into a thread. Style hardly any ; stigma obsolete. Follicles in- flexed, emitting a lobe on each side. Seeds inserted into a peculiar membrane. 31 Va'iiea. Corolla funnel-shaped, naked, Lam. ; urceolate, Roxb. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the bottom of the corolla. Ovarium girded by an entire urceolus. Follicles twin. Seeds immersed in pulp. 32 Voaca'nga. Corolla funnel-shaped. Anthers sessile, inclosed. Stigma 3-lobed, seated on an annular disk. Follicles twin, baccate. Seeds imbedded in pulp. 33 Rejou'a. Corolla salver-shaped, naked. Stamens in- closed; anthers free. Stigma bicuspidate. Fruit solitary, elliptic, sub-umbilicate, indehiscent. Seeds compressed, nestling in pulp. 34 Orchipe'da. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the throat half closed by a tumid ring. Stamens inclosed ; anthers connivent. Ovarium girded by a hypogynous ring. Follicles twin, fleshy, globose. Seeds wrinkled, imbedded in pulp. Albumen fleshy. 35 Plumie'ra. Corolla fiinnel-shaped. Stamens inclosed ; anthers connivent. Stigma clavate, emarginate. Follicles twin, ventricose. Seeds furnished with a wing at bottom. Ovarium girded by a hypogynous ring. 36 Conophary'ngia. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens each rising from a scrobicle ; anthers conniving into a cone. Stigma sub-bifid. Follicles twin, slipper-shaped. -Seeds like grape stones, attached to a slender central column, or placenta. APOCYNE^. 71 37 ViNCA. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens inclosed ; anthers connivent. Hypogynous scales 2. Stigma marginated below, and ciliated above. Follicles slender. Seeds disposed in 2 rows. 38 Cathara'nthus. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens in- closed ; anthers connivent. Hypogynous scales 2. ? Stigma marginated below, and pilose above. Follicles slender. Seeds disposed in 2 rows, tubercled on one side. Tribe VI. Alyxie'jE. Ovarium double. Fruit sub-drupaceous. Albu- men large, ruminated as in Annonaceous plants, or fleshy. An- thers f tee, connivent. 39 Aly'xia. Corolla salver- shaped ; throat naked. Stamens inclosed. Stigma obtuse, usually pencilled. Drupes 2, or solitary by abortion, containing a lialf 2-celled putamen. 40 Ce'rbera. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat 5-toothed. Anthers inclosed, conniving. Drupes twin, dry, containing a fibry, semi-bivalved, 1 -seeded putamen. Albumen none. 41 Tanghinia. Corolla salver-shaped; throat pentagonal. Anthers hidden by an equal number of foliaceous scales from the throat, and furnished with an umbilicate tubercle under each stamen. Drupe solitary, containing a 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, fibry nut. 42 Rauwolfia. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat bearded. Stamens inclosed, or a little exserted ; anthers free. Hypogy- nous ring surrounding the base of the ovarium. Drupes 2, combined, containing a 2 celled nut, or 2 1-seeded nuts; cells semi-bilocular. 43 Dissole'na. Corolla with a long tube, of 2 forms ; lower part thick, pentagonal ; upper part cylindrical ; limb spreading. Stamens inserted below the mouth of the lower part of the tube. Stigma thick, scabrous. Drupe solitary, small, containing a compressed, scabrous, 1 -celled, 1-seeded nut. 44 OciiRosiA. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens inclosed ; anthers free. Drupes twin or solitary, each containing a 2- celled nut, and each cell containing 2-3 flat, wing-edged seeds. 45 Opiiioxylon. Corolla funnel-shaped. Anthers inclosed. Stigma capitate. Drupes twin, or solitary by abortion, each containing a wrinkled, 1-seeded nut. 46 Valle'sia. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat bearded. Sta- mens inclosed. Stigma sub-clavate. Drupes clavate, twin, or solitary, containing each a wrinkled, 1-seeded nut. Tribe VII. Kopsie"^. Ovarium double. Fruit drupaceous. Albumen wanting. 47 KopsiA. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat villous. Stamens inclosed ; anthers free. Stigma oblong, downy at top. Drupes twin or solitary, coriaceous, divided by an incomplete dissepiment inside, 1-seeded. 48 Calpica'rpum. Calycine segments each ending in a gland. Corolla funnel-shaped, with equal segments. Anthers inclosed, adhering. Stigma large, 2 lobed. Drupe, or rather capsule usually solitary, 1 -celled, sub-bivalved, urn-shaped, 1- seeded. Tribe VIH. MELODiNE^E. Fruit baccate, solitary. Seeds many, compressed, imbedded in the pidp, usually albuminous, rarely exalbuminous. 49 Melodinus. Corolla salver-shaped. Corona in the throat of 5 bifid, or quadrifid, or undivided scales, or foliola. Stamens inclosed. Style bipartite. Stigma conical, acute. Berry globose, 2-celled. Seeds flattened, imbedded in pulp, albuminous. 50 Carpodinus. Corolla salver-shaped, with reflexed seg- ments ; throat crowned. Anthers connivent, inclosed. Style simple ; stigma capitate. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds flattened, imbedded in pulp, albuminous. 51 Chiloca'rpus. Corolla salver-shaped; throat not crowned. ? Anthers inclosed. Stigma capitate. Capsule large, corticate, 1 -celled. Seeds arillate, flattened. Albumen horny. 52 Willughbe'ia. Corolla salver-shaped; throat not crowned. Anthers inclosed, free. Stigma obtuse. Berry large, 1-celled, or half 2-celled. Seeds flattened, imbedded in pulp, ex-albumi- nous, disposed in 2 rows. 53 Ambella'nia. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat not crowned. Stigma bicuspidate at the apex, seated on a flat annular disk. Berry 2-celled, warted. Seeds compressed, immersed in the pulp, fixed to a slender receptable, albuminous. 54 Pacou'ria. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat not crowned. ? Anthers cuspidate, inclosed. Style and stigma as in Ambcllania. Berry 1-celled.? Seeds angular, nestling in the pulp; albuminous. 55 Hanc6rnia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver- shaped. Stamens inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds albuminous. 56 Landolphia. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat not crowned. Stamens inclosed. Ovarium with 10 stripes. Stigma sub-bifid. Berry nearly globose, compressed at top, 1-celled. Seeds nestling in pulp, ovate, compressed. 57 Coo'ma. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens short, inclosed; anthers sagittate. Disk hypogynous. Stigma bifid. Fruit glo- bose, 4-5-seeded. Seeds immersed in pulp. Tribe IX. Allamandie'^. Fruit capsular, comiwsed of 2 joined follicles, prickly or smooth outside. Seeds peltate, fixed to a central placenta. Albumen none. 58 Allama'nda. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a wide, swol- len, inflated, 5-lobed limb ; throat furnished with 5 scales, which cover the anthers. Capsule prickly outside. 59 Aspidospe'rma. Corolla 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate ; throat without scales. Capsules smooth, solitary or twin, obo- vate, compressed, unequal sided. Tribe X. Carandie'/E. Fruit baccate, solitary or twin. Seeds peltate, winged, naked. Albumen copious, rather horny. 60 Cakissa. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat naked. Stamens inclosed. Stigma dilated from the base, bifid. Berry solitary, 2-celled ; cells 1 or few-seeded. — Prickly shrubs. 61 Hunte^ria. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat naked. Sta- mens inclosed. Stigma ovate, 2-lobed. Berries twin, 1-2- seeded. Unarmed shrubs. APOCYNE^. I. EcHiTES. t Genera hardly hnown. 62 Mone'tia. Corolla of 4 petals?; petals somewhat re- flexed, alternating with the segments of the calyx. Stamens 4, hypogynous ; anthers sagittate, incumbent. Stigma acute. Fruit rather fleshy, pea-formed, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds compressed or peltate. — Prickly shrubs. 63 Ala'fia. Corolla tubularly ventricose, with a 5-parted, twisted limb ; segments plicately sinuated on one side. Anthers acute, distinct, connivent ; filaments bound by the style, which is filiform, and furnished with 5 appendages. Stigma inclosed, capitate, acuminated. 64 Leuconotis. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla tubular ; limb 4- lobed. Stamens 4, inclosed. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells bi-ovu- late. Stigma annular, conical at top. Berry 1-3-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous. Tribe I. ECHITIE"^. Seeds furnished with a tuft of hairs, at the superior or umbilical extremity. Fruit of 2 follicles. I. ECHITES (so named from fx'c, cchis, a viper ; perhaps on account of its deleterious quality, or from its twining habit; EXirvc, echites, is the serpent stone.) P. Browne, jam. p. 182. R. Br. in wern. see. I. p. 59. — Echites, spec. Lin. gen. no. 299. Jacq. amer. 29. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, with a naked throat and tube; segments of the limb unequal-sided. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma, having the hind lobes without pollen. Ovaiia 2. Style 1, filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Fruit of 2 slender follicles. — Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, having tlie interpetiolar cilia glandular. Peduncles interpetiolar, many-flowered. Flowers showy, white, yellow, and purple. § 1. Flowers umhellaie or corymbose. 1 E. umbella'ta (Jacq. amer. p. 30. t. 22. ed. pict. t. 29. Lin. spec. 307.) leaves ovate-orbicular, cuspidately mucronate; glabrous, glandless at the base ; umbels few-flowered ; calycine segments lanceolate. ^; . '^. S. Native of St. Domingo, Cuba, and Jamaica, among bushes, and in hedges. Apocynum obli- quum. Mill. diet. no. 8. — Sloane, hist. 1. p. 207. t. 131. f. 2. — Brown, jam. p. 1 82. Leaves 2\ inches long. Literpetiolar cilia short, subulate. Corolla silky, villous inside the tube, large, with a white or pale yellow limb, and green tube. t/mfte/Zaie-flowered Echites. Fl. July. CIt. 1733. Shrub tw. 2 E. OBLONGiFOLiA (Desf. herb, ex Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 30.) leaves ovate-oblong, auriculately cordate, bluntish, mucronate, shining above, quite glabrous on both surfaces, somewhat parallelly nerved ; peduncles one half longer than the leaves ; flowers large, umbellate. Tj . '^. S. Native of Guiana. 06/o)ig'-leaved Echites. Shrub Iw. 3 E. LiTTOREA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 212.) leaves oblong, cuspidately mucronate, glabrous, glandless at the base ; umbels 2 or 5- flowered ; calycine segments ovate-lanceo- late. 1j . '^. S. Native of Cuba, by the sea side, near Guana- vacoa. Branches filiform. Interpetiolar cilia subulate. Flowers white, like those oi E. umhellata. Sea-shorc Echites. Shrub tw. 4 E. Christopiioria'na (Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 31.) stems fuscescent, red, with bitter bark ; leaver very bitter, turned to one side, on short petioles, roundish ovate, acute, pale green above, but paler beneath, with yellowish nerves ; petioles incurvedly declinate, with axillary glands ; peduncles axillary, interpetiolar, elongated, dichotomous, furnished with many bracteas beneath ; pedicels crowded, 1-flowered. 1; . ^. S. Native of St. Christopher, by the sea shore. Flowers yellow, glabrous, having the throat marked with rufescent lines. St. Christopher Echites. Shrub tw. 5 E. Curu'ra (Mart, ex Linnsea. 6. p. 30.) stem arboreous, twining a little ; leaves oblong, with a short acumen, acutish at the base, reticulately veined beneath ; racemes corymbose, many-flowered, axillary, and terminal ; calycine segments imbri- cate, ovate, obtuse ; throat of corolla downy : segments obovate- roundish. fj . ^. S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of Rio Negro. Curura Echites. Shrub tw. 6 E. sca'bra (Labill. sert. cal. p. 26, t. 31.) leaves elliptic, somewhat undulated, acuminated ; cymes axillary and terminal ; corollas hairy. Tj . '^. S. Native of New Caledonia. Thenardia scabrn, Spreng. syst. addend, p. Q5. Stem pilose at top. Co- rollas scabrous outside, from hairs. Anthers linear-sagittate. Scabrous Echites. Shrub tw. 7 E. BiFLORA (Jacq. amer. 38. t. 21. icon. pict. t. 28. Lin. spec. 307.) leaves oblong, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous ; pedun- cles 2-flowered ; calycine segments small, ovate. I; . '^. S. Native of most of the West India Islands, in salt marshes. Swartz. obs. p. 103. — Plum. amer. 82. t. d6. Leaves attenuated at the base, obtuse, with a small mucrone, 3 inches long. Corollas white, but with a yellow throat ; tube narrow. 7'w'o-/oB'erecZ Echites. Fl. July. Clt. 1793. Shrub tw. 8 E. nummula'ria (Burm. ind. t. 28. f 1.) leaves cordate, acuminated ; peduncles 2-flowered, bifid in the middle. h . ^. S. Native of the West Indies. Probably only a variety of £. b'lfldia. Motteii-wort-leavcd Echites. Shrub tw. § 2. Flowers racemose. * Leaves oblong. 9 E. Dominge'nsis (Swartz, prod. p. 52. fl. ind. occ. 1. p 529.) leaves ovate-cordate, or ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous above, rather rusty, and somewhat downy beneatli ; peduncles 1-2-3 flowered ; calycine segments subulate, hairy. Jt • '^- S. Native of Jamaica and Hispaniola, among bushes by the sea side, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 73. icon. rar. 53. E. heterophylla, Gmel. syst, 1. p. 437. Stems downy. Flowers large, yellow ; throat villous wide. Hypouynous glands yellow. St. Domingo 'EcUies. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw 10 E. barba'ta (Desv. herb, ex Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ. p 30.) stems weak ; branches downy ; leaves quite glabrous, obo vate, mucronate, vaguely veined ; peduncles elongated ; flowers panicled ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla having the tube bearded with pili, contracted a short way at the base, and widened above the calyx. Ij . "^t S, Native of the West Indies. Bearded Echites. Shrub tw. ] 1 E. RE PENS (Jacq. amer. 33. t. 28. icon. pict. t. 33.) leaves lanceolate-linear, or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles race- mose ; calycine segments lanceolate. H . '^. S. Native of St. Domingo, among rocks, and on the edges of woods. Stems glabrous sarmentose, when old procumbent and rooting, and when young erectish. Peduncles usually bifid. Flowers elegant, red. Hypogynous glands roundish. Creeping Echites. Shrub tw. 12 E. coNCOLOR (Desv. herb. ex. Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 31.) stems weak; leaves thick, elliptic-lanceolate, rounded at the base, mucronate, of the same colour on both surfaces, almost veinless ; flowers axillary and terminal, twin ; caly- cine segments lanceolate, bluntish ; tube of corolla inflated at top. ^ . '^. S. Native of Hispaniola. Very nearly allied to E. ripens. One-coloured-\eave(\ Echites. Shrub twining. 13 E. LiNEARiFOLiA (Dcsv. herb, ex Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ. APOCYNEiE. I. EcHiTEs. 73 p. 31.) stems perennial, funicular, glabrous, lactescent ; leaves linear, mueroiiate, on short petioles ; peduncles axillary, filiform, bifid, shorter than the leaves ; follicles torulose, linear, fj . ^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers small, white. Nearly allied to E. repens, in which the flowers are red. Linear-leaved Ecliites. Shrub cl. 14 E. asperu'ginis (Swartz. prod. p. 53. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 5.31.) leaves oblong, acute, glabrous beneath, and rather rough above ; peduncles racemose. f^ . ^. S. Native of Jamaica and Hispaniola, among bushes, in dry places. Apocynum scan- dens, &c. Plum. ed. Burm. icon. t. 26. E. lappulacea. Lam. diet. 2. p. 340. — Plum. spec. mss. 2. t. 70. Stem purplish, his- pid. Follicles rough, filiform. Flowers white. Rough Ecliites. Shrub tw. 15 E. TouosA (Jacq. amer. 33. t. 27. ed. pict. t. 34.) leaves lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous ; peduncles sub-racemose ; caly- cine segments lanceolate. Tj . '^. S. Native of Jamaica, in woods, on the mountains. Swartz. obs. p. 105. Lam. ill. t. 174. f. 1. — Browne, jam. 181. t. 16. f. 2. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers small, yellow. Tube of corolla ventricose in the middle, obsoletely pentagonal ; segments broad, and truncate at top. Follicles tomentose, long, erect. E. torosa, Lam. ill. 2. p. 339. no. 5. f. 1. which is the plant figured in Plum. ed. Burm. t. 27 : is probably E. repens, as the flowers are said to be white or red, and the follicles in that, as in this, are torulose. roroie-follicled Ecliites. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1770. Shrub tw. 16 E. acumina'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19. t. 134. f. a.) glabrous ; leaves ovate and oblong, acuminated, furnished with 5 glands at the base of each ; racemes short ; pedicels twin. fj . '~*. S. Native of Peru, in the woods of Chincao, at Macora. Leaves emarginate at the base, shining above. Stipulas trun- cate, furnished with a small tooth on each side. Bracteas small, trifid. Flowers white. Acumlnated-\esL\eA Echitcs, Shrub tw. * * Leaves cordate at the base. 17 E. Richa'rdii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 391.) leaves oblong-ovate, acutely mucronate, cordate at the base ; corolla and fruit hairy. Ij . '^. S. Native of Cayenne or Guiana. E. hirsuta, Richard, in act. hist. nat. par. p. 107. but not of Ruiz, et Pav. Richard's Echites. Shrub tw. 18 E. hirte'lla (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 213.) hairy ; leaves oblong, acutely mucronate, narrowed a little at the base, cordate, and furnished with one gland, hairy ; peduncles racemose ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated. T^ . '^. S. Native of New Granada, near Mariquita and Santanna. Inter- petiolar cilia obsolete. Corollas yellow, hairy outside, and dotted with silky pili inside. The specimens collected about Santanna difter from those collected about Mariquita, in the branches being smoothish, and in the leaves being lanceolate and smaller, &c. This is probably a species of Prestonia, the throat being furnished with a red ring, according to Bonpland. Hairy Echites. Fl. June. Shrub tw. 19 E. TRiFiDA (Jacq. amer. p. 31. t. 24. H. B. et Kunth. I. c.) leaves elliptic, short-acuminated, rounded at the base, and furnished with 2 glands ; racemes trifid ; calycine segments oblong, obtuse. Tj . '^. S. Native of New Spain, in woods, near Cumana and Cumanacoa. E. cuspidata, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 796. Stems glabrous, purplish. Glands on the petioles ovate, acuminated, bifid at apex, and rather concave. Corolla glabrous, milk-coloured ; upper part of tube red inside. TriJid-xAcemea Echites. Fl. Sept. Shrub tw. 20 E. GRANDiFLORA (Meyer, esseq. p. 131.) leaves obovate, attenuated at the base, quite glabrous ; flowers corymbose ; co- VOL. IV. rymbs shorter than the leaves, branched ; calycine segments roundish-ovate, 3 of which are larger than the other 2. Ij . ^. S, Native of the Island of Arrowabisch, climbing on trees. E. insignis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 632. Pedicels sub-bracteate. Flowers large, reddish yellow; tube 5-angled. Great -Jlomered Echites. Shrub tw. 21 E. rhyncospe'rma (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 43. t. 49.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers loosely cymose ; limb of corolla longer than the tube : with falcately obovate segments ; follicles slender, very long, parallel, pendu- lous; seeds ending in a long beak, and a tuft of hairs at the top of the beak. ^^ . '^. S. Native of Martaban, along the rivers Saluen and Atran. Flowers large, sweet-scented, white ; tube and limb red towards the throat. Corolla salver-shaped. Perhaps a species of Kilahalia. Beaked-seeded Echites. Shrub tw. 22 E. la'xa (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19. t. 134. f. b.) rather villous ; leaves cordate, acute, furnished with many glands at the base ; peduncles long, loose, racemose, few- flowered, f; . ^. S. Native of Peru, in woods. E. glandu- losa, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 557. Stem glabrous, angular, often granular. Branches rather villous. Stipulas toothed. Brac- teas small, subulate. Corollas large, yellow. Zoose-flowered Echites. Shrub tw. 23 E. puBiFLORA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, cordate at the base, acuminated, glabrous above, but tomentose beneath ; ra- cemes many-flowered ; corolla hairy outside. T; . '^. S. Native ofMaranham, in low bushy places. Flowers large, yellow. Dorvny-JIowered Echites. Shrub twining. 24 E. monta'na (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, cordate, roughish above from hairs, but soft andcanescent beneath, glandular at the base; peduncles racemose; calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, much shorter than the tube. J; . ^, S. Native of the Andes, about Pasto, in bushy places, in the valley of the river Guaytara. Leaves 2| inches long. Interpetiolar cilia obsolete. Calyx hairy at the base. Corolla glabrous outside and inside, yellow above, and white beneath. Follicles smooth. Mountain Echites. Fl. Dec. Shrub tw. 25 E. ripa'ria (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 214.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, cordate, smoothish above, but clothed with soft, hair-like down beneath, and canescent, glan- dular at the base; racemes usually 6-flovvered ; calycine seg- ments lanceolate, hardly one half shorter than the tube. l^ . '^. S. Native of New Granada, in hot places, near Teneriffe, on the banks of the river Magdalena. Branches glabrous. Peduncles and calyxes downy. Corollas white, glabrous inside and outside. Very nearly allied to E. montana, from which it chiefly diflfers in the form and size of the calyx, and in the colour of the flowers. Riverside Echites. Fl. May. Shrub tw. 26 E. conge'sta (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves roundish- ovate, short-acuminated, cordate, rather pilose above, clothed with soft down beneath, and canescent ; flowers racemose, capitately crowded ; calycine segments lanceolate-linear. f^ . '^. S. Native of South America, in the province of Popayan. Branches hairy, and besprinkled with white warts. Leaves 3 to 3^ inches long, and 2 or 2^ broad. Flowers white, very like those of Jasniinum sdmbac. Corolla glabrous, but with the tube downy inside. CroH'rffrf- flowered Echites. Shrub tw. 27 E. Bogote'nsis (H. B. et Kunth. I. c. p. 215. t. 243 ) leaves oblong, acuminated, obsoletely cordate, glabrous above, but clothed with powdery down, and glaucescent beneath, fur- nished with 2 bifid glands toward the base; racemes bifid; calycine segments ovate-oblong, acutish. Ij . ^. S. Native of 74 APOCYNE^. I. EcHiTEs. South America, near the town of Santa Fe de Bogota. Branches glabrous. Leaves 2| inches long. Flowers size of those of Vinca. Calyx smooth, furnished with 5 trifid scales inside, towards the base. Corolla white, glabrous, hairy inside. Bogota Echites. Shrub tw. 28 E. ciTRiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c p. 216.) leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, obsoletely cordate, quite glabrous, shining above; petioles furnished with 2 glands inside; racemes bifid; calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated. 't . ^. S. Native of New Granada, near Santanna and Mariquita. Branches gla- brous. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla glabrous outside. Orange-leaved Echites. Fl. June. Shrub tw. 29 E. DicHOTOMA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 217.) leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, cordate, glabrous, glandless ? ; racemes dichotomous, on long peduncles ; calycine segments ovate- lanceolate. Pj . '^. S. Native of South America, in the pro- vince of Bracamoros, between Jaen and the river Amazon. Branches smoothish. Corolla blue or purple. Z)ic/(o/omoHj-peduncled Echites. Fl. Aug. Shrub tw. 30 E. Maranhame'nsis; leaves cordate, sub-sagittate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ; racemes many-flowered ; flowers almost sessile ; co- rollas glabrous outside. 5?. ^. S. Native of Maranham. Flowers large, yellow. Follicles long, smooth. Alaranham Echites. Siirub cl. 31 E. subsagitta'ta (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19.) gla- brous ; leaves oblong, sub-sagittate, acuminated, with the hind lobes obtuse, ciliated, glandular at the base ; peduncles short, racemose ; calycine segments acute. Tj . ^. S. Native of Peru, in woods. E. subsagittata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 271. Stems glabrous, granular, filiform, purplish. Petioles downy. Sti- pulas form of glands. Sagittate-\eaL\eA Echites. Shrub tw. 32 E. NiTiDA (Vahl. eclog. amer. 2. p. 19.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, subcordate at the base, glabrous, shining above ; peduncles racemose ; calycine segments linear-obtuse. \^ .'~^. S. Native of South America. Leaves 3-4 inches long, acute, of a glaucous rust colour beneath. Petioles purplish. Pedicels sometimes twin. Corolla white, with the tube swollen at top. Anthers 8, beaked. Shming-\e?i\eA Echites. Shrub tw. 33 E. TOMENTOSA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 44.) leaves cordate-ob- long, acuminated, and are, as well as the stems, hairy; pedun- cles racemose, 3-4-flowered, pilose ; calycine segments attenu- ated, glabrous. Ij . ^. S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla beset with grey hairs outside, yellow. Tomentose Echites. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub tw. § 3. Follicles united at top. 34 E. symphyoca'rpa (Meyer, esseq. p. 132.) leaves elliptic- oval, sub-sagittate, tomentose beneath, roughish above ; racemes downy ; follicles joined at top ; calycine segments subulate, acu- minated. T;. '^. S. Native of the Island of Arrowabisch, in sandy groves. Stems glabrous, red. Tendrils simple, axillary. Corolla glabrous, yellow outside, but variegated with red and yellow inside. This, and E. agglutinata, may probably form a distinct genus, from the follicles being joined at top. Combined-fruited Echites. Shrub tw. S5 E. agglutina'ta (Jacq. amer. 31. t. 23. ed. pict. t. 30. Lin. spec. 1671.) leaves ovate, emarginate, with a mu- crone, glabrous ; peduncles racemose ; calycine segments small, ovate. Ij . '^. S. Native of St. Domingo, among bushes on the mountains, about Cape Francais. Peduncles sometimes bifid. Flowers small, white. Tube of corolla 5-furrowed ; segments narrow. Follicles agglutinate at the apex. Agslutinate-io\Yic\tA Echites. Shrub tw. 36 E. ? Catesb«'i ; leaves oblong, spiny, stiff, almost vein- less, often involute ; racemes 6-8-flowered, terminal and axil- lary ; segments of the corolla trimcate; follicles contiguous at the apex. Tj . '^. F. Native of Carolina. Vinca lutea, Lin. amoen. 4. p. 307. spec. 305. — Catesb. car. 2. p. 53. t. 53. Fol- licles 8-10 inches long. Seeds pappose. Flowers yellow, double. ? Perhaps a species of Forsterbnia. Cateshy's Echites. Shrub tw. ■j- Species natives of America, hardly known ; the greater number of which probably do not belong lo the genus. 37 E. ? SYPHILITICA (Lin. suppl. 167.) leaves ovate, acute, quite glabrous, ribbed ; peduncles axillary, divided into two branches, and these branches again divided into 2 spikes, which are closely beset with flowers. 1^ . S. Native of Suri- nam. A lactescent tree. Leaves large. Corollas large, white ; limb large, flat. Stigma of Vinca. Follicles twin, divaricate. A decoction of the leaves is noted, in Surinam, in the cure of svphilis. Perhaps a species of Tabernemontana. Syphilitic Echites. Tree. 38 E. subspica'ta (Vahl. eclog. amer. 2. p. 18.) leaves ob- long, attenuated, somewhat cordate at the base, glabrous ; pedun- cles racemose ; pedicels very short ; calycine segments lanceo- late. Ij . '^. S. Native of South America. Shrub glabrous in every part. Leaves 4-5 inches long, shining above, purplish on the rib beneath. Petioles rather villous above. Bracteas linear-lanceolate. Perhaps a species oi Parsonsia. Subspicate-^oweved Echites. Shrub tw. 39 E. rubricau'lis (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 535.) leaves ovate, acuminated, nerved beneath, and rather downy ; flowers lateral, almost solitary ; stem red. '?.'"'. S. Native of Guiana. Leaves glabrous, and almost shining above. Flowers hardly pedunculate. Red-stemmed YicXntes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 40 E. ovalifolia (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 535.) leaves oval, blunt at both ends, downy beneath ; follicles very hairy ; peduncles racemose, longer than the leaves ; branches and peduncles pilose, f; . '~'. S. Native of St. Domingo. Branches stiff, brownish. Leaves an inch and more long. Bracteas subulate. Follicles slender, arched. Oval-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. 41 E. glomera'ta (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 536.) leaves membra- nous, ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers in axillary, nearly globose fascicles, almost sessile ; stems scandent. Jj . ^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers middle-sized. Bracteas lanceolate. Glomerate-Aovieredi Echites. Shrub cl. 42 E. ? panicula'ta (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 536.) leaves oval- lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles lateral, spicate ; pe- dicels cymosely umbellate. Ij . '^. S. Native of South America. Pedicels downy. Perhaps a species of Parsonsia. Panicled-^owereA Echites. Shrub tw. 43 E. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 537.) leaves very narrow, acute ; flowers axillary, usually solitary ; follicles slen- der, somewhat tomentose. T? . '^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Habit of a species of Ceropegia. Leaves 3 inches long, hardly petiolate, glabrous, with 3 longitudinal nerves, 2 of which are almost marginal. Follicles 6-8 inches long. Narrow-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. 44 E. DiFFORMis (Walt. fl. car. p. 98. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 178.) leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at the base : lower ones linear ; flowers in fasciculate-corymbs, fj . '^. F. Native of Lower Carolina, in woods. Leaves rather downy beneath. Flowers small, yellowish. Two-formed-\e?ivedi Echites. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1806. Sh. tw. 45 E. ptiNCTicuLosA (Richard, in act. hist. nat. par. p. 107.) 12 APOCYNE.E. I. EcHiTES. 75 branches rather scabrous from prominent dots ; leaves ovate, witli an obtuse acumen, very veiny beneath ; corymbs com- pound. I; . '~^. S. Native of" South America. Dutted-hranched Echites. Siirub t\v. 46 E. RUGULosA (Ricliard, in act. hist. nat. par. p. 107.) leaves ovate, acutely acuminated, sub-emarginate at the base, wrinkled, with revolute edges : having the nerves above roughish from minute down ; stem slender, roughish. Ij . '^. S. Native of Cayenne. Wrinkled Echites. Shrub tw. 47 E. GALEGiFORMis (Rudolph. ex Ledeb. pi. st. doming, no. 6.) peduncles many-flowered; leaves oblong, obtuse. Ij . '^. S. Native of St. Domingo. Very like E. tomcntosa, but differs in the leaves being obtuse and the flowers rose-coloured. Galega-formcd Echites. Shrub tw. 48 E. ? SEMiDiGYNA (Berg. act. vlissing. 3. p. 383. icone.) leaves ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends. fj . '^. S Na- tive of South America.? Gmel. syst. p. 436. Peduncles oppo- sitely racemose. Semidigynoiis Echites. Shrub tw. ■f f East Indian species, hardly known, with small flowers. The species here enumerated wdl prohahly form a distinct genus. 49 E.? GLANDULiFERA (Wall. cat. no. 1659.) leaves oblong, coriaceous, glabrous, tapering to the base, and acuminated at the apex, on very short petioles ; panicles terminal and axillary, composed of trichotomous peduncles ; flowers crowded, corym- bose ; calyx and pedicels downy ; follicles narrow, torulose. h . '^. S. Native of the Burmese empire, at Amherst. E. monilifera. Wall. cat. 1659., a native of Singapore, hardly seems to differ, unless in the more ovate leaves. Flowers small, white. Gland-bearing Echites. Shrub tw. 50 E. ? micra'ntha (Wall. cat. no. 1667.) leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles axillary and ter- minal, divaricate, composed of trichotomous peduncles ; flowers crowded, corymbose, downy. 1; . '^. S. Native of Silhet. E. brachiata, Wall. cat. no. 16G8. is the same. Flowers very small. Follicles probably torulose, like the last species. Small-flowered Echites. Shrub tw, 51 E. ? Lu'ciDA (Wall. cat. no. 1670.) leaves elliptic, obtuse at both ends, short-acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining ; panicles terminal and axillary, composed of trichotomous pe- duncles; flowers corymbose, downy ; bracteas linear; follicles woody, ovate, acuminated, or cultriform. H . '^. S. Native of Penang. Flowers small. E. esculenta. Wall. cat. 1671. from Amherst does not appear to differ from the present species, but as there are no flowers on the specimens of that plant examined by us, its affinity cannot be ascertained. Shining-XeavcA. Echites. Sluub tw. 52 E. ? panicula'ta (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 17.) leaves broad- lanceolate, bluntly acuminated ; panicles axillary and terminal, trichotomous throughout : the extreme divisions 3-flowered ; follicles sub-clavate, few-seeded; hypogynous scales combined into a cup-shaped 5-toothed urceolus. I7 . ,^. S. Native of .Silhet. Leaves 8 inches long and li to 3 broad. Bracteas oval. Flowers very small, pale yellow. Corolla with a short gibbous tube ; and woolly, edged, falcate segments. Paniclcd-RowereA Echites. Shrub cl. 53 E.? parviflora (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 20.) leaves lanceolate ; panicles terminal and axillary, brachiate ; tube of corolla gib- bous towards the base ; segments of the limb linear, falcate. H . ^. S. Native of the northern Cirears, and Silhet. E. macrocarpa. Wall. cat. no. 1663. Hypogynous scales combined into an entire ring. Follicles large, ovate, acuminated. E. polxantha. Wall. cat. no. 1664., a native of Chapedong, and Amherst, hardly differs, except in the more coriaceous leaves. Small-flowered Echites. Shrub tw. 54 E.? ELLiPTicA (Wall, cat.no. 1666.) leaves elliptic, or obo- vate-elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary and ter- minal, trichotomous, corymbose, spreading; corolla salver- shaped, with obtuse segments. ^J ■ '"'• S. Native of Silhet. Echites verticallis, Hamilt. mss. Very nearly allied to the preceding. E lliptic-]ea.ved Echites. Shrub tw. ■)- -f- -j- American species, hardly known. 55 E. mvrtifolia (Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 34. p. 795.) peduncles 1-flowered ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, shining. I; . ^. S. Native of Cuba, about the Havanna. This is not to be confounded with Parsonsia myrti- folia, Roem. et Schultes, vol. 5. Myrtle-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. 56 E. gemina'ta (Willd. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acutish ; pe- duncles twin, 1-flowered. I7 . ^. S. Native of Brazil. Tn'in-Y>edunc\eA Echites. Shrub tw. 57 E. lu'cida (Willd. 1. c.) peduncles 1-flowered, elon- gated ; leaves elliptic-oblong, subcordate, obtuse, shining above. ^ . '^. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco. Shining Echites. Shrub tw. 58 E. cane'scens (Willd. 1. c.) peduncles 3-flowered, axil- lary ; leaves oblong, acuminated, tomentose beneath. Pj . '^. S. Native of South America. Canescent Echites. Shrub tw. 59 E. verrucosa (Willd. 1. c.) corymbs axillary; leaves ob- long, acuminated ; branches warted. Ij . '~^. S. Native of Brazil. Warted Echites. Shrub tw. 60 E. HispiDA (Willd. 1. c.) racemes axillary ; corollas hispid outside ; leaves oblong-cordate, acuminated, hispid. Ij . '^. S. Native of Brazil. Hispid Echites. Shrub tw. 61 E. sca'bra (Willd. I. c.) racemes axillary ; leaves oblong, acuminated, cordate, scabrous. 1; . '^. S. Native of Brazil. Scabrous Echites. Shrub tw. 62 E. GLAu'cA (Willd. I.e.) racemes terminal; leaves elliptic, acuminated, glaucous beneath, 'j ■ ^- S. Native of Brazil. Corolla funnel-shaped : having the tube thickened at top, and with the throat hardly pervious. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous. Perhaps a distinct genus. Glaucous Echites. Shrub tw. 63 E. macra'ntha (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 795.) co- rymbs axillary ; leaves oblong, acute, glabrous, shining. Ij . '^. S. Native of Brazil. E. grandiflora, Willd. herb, but not of others. Large-flowered Echites. Shrub tw. 64 E. pube'scens (Willd. herb, ex RcEm. et Schultes. syst. 4. p. 796.) flowers sub-umbellate, axillary ; leaves elliptic-ovate, cordate, acuminated, downy beneath. ^ • ^. S. Native of South America. Downy Echites. .Shrub tw. 65 E. NODOSA (Willd. I. c.) racemes axillary; leaves lanceo- late, acuminated ; branches nodose. I; . '^. S. Native of South America. Knotted-hranched Echites. Shrub tw. 66 E. mucrona'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 769.) leaves lanceolate, cordate, acuminated, mucronate, downy beneath ; racemes axillary. Ij . '^. S. Native of South America. E. acuminata, Willd. herb. Mucrotiate-\esived Echites. Shrub tw. 67 E. Frase'ri (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) leaves crowded, linear, ciliated with pili, acute ; panicle terminal, naked, fj . ^. F. Native of Carolina. 76 APOCYNEiE. II. ClIONEMORPHA. Eraser's Echites. Shrub tvv. Cuit. All the true species of this genus bear large, elegant, white or yellow flowers. They grow freely in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings strike root readily under a hand- glass, if planted in sand. II. CHONEMORPHA (x^*'';. (-fione, a funnel, and iiop(l»h morpltc, form ; form of corolla). Echites species, Wall. Roth. Roxb., &'c. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a naked throat, and a twisted limb ; segments of corolla equal-sided ?. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate or lanceolate, adhering to the stigma. Ovarium didy- mous. Style filiform ; stigma somewhat conical, emarginate at apex. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or connate. Follicles distinct, slender. Seeds furnished with a tuft of hairs at the upper extremity. — Erect or twining shrubs, natives of Asia, with opposite leaves ; and interpetiolar glandular ciliae ?. Peduncles interpetiolar, corymbose. Flowers showy, white or yellow. * Erect shrubs. 1 C. crista'ta ; stems erect ; leaves oval, mucronate, tomen- tose beneath, with horizontal ribs ; corymbs axillary, dichoto- mous, divaricate, on short peduncles. f^ • ^- Native of the East Indies. Echites cristata, Roth. nov. spec. Bracteas mi- nute, tooth-formed. Crested Chonemorpha. Shrub. 2 C. DicHOTOMA ; stems erect, dichotomous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, downy beneath, when young clothed with silky tomentum ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous, on short peduncles, erect. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites dichotoma. Roth, nov. spec. Echites Heynii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 632. Leaves a hand long, downy on the veins and nerves above. The flowers are said to be salver-shaped, but are probably funnel- shaped, very like those of Jasm'mum odoratlssimum , but a little larger, with the tube downy. Dichotomous Chonemorpha. Shrub. 3 C. GRANDiFLORA ; Stem erect ; leaves oval, acuminated, glabrous above, and rather tomentose beneath ; flowers terminal, by threes ; peduncles as well as the calyxes downy ; corolla glabrous. V; . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites gran- diflora. Roth, nov. spec, but not of Meyer. Echites macrantha, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 63^. Ribs of leaves almost horizontal, bifid at top. Flowers showy, size of those of Oleander. Seg- ments of corolla ovate, mucronate. Great-Jiowered Chonemorpha. Siirub. 4 C. VESTiTA ; stem erect, downy ; leaves oval-lanceolate, downy above and tomentose beneath ; corymbs axillary, almost sessile, dichotomous, somewhat divaricate ; corolla downy. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites vestita, Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 394. E. tomentosa, Roth, nov. spec. Bracteas lan- ceolate, concave. The corolla is said to be salver-shaped, but is probably funnel-shaped, like the rest. Perhaps a species of Aganosma. C/o^. S. Native of Java, about Kuripan, where it is called Tjunkankan. Flowers white. Hypogynous scales acute, distinct. Stamens inclosed. Dense-flowered C\\or\emar\>\\d.. Fl. March. Shrub cl. 10 C. Bantame'nsis (Blum, bijdr. p. 1040. under Echites) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rather attenuated at the base, glabrous, reticulately veined beneath, tomentose on the midrib and veins beneath, as well as on the petioles and branch- lets ; corymbs axillary and terminal, trichotomous, on long peduncles ; corolla funnel-shaped, hairy. P; . ,_^. S. Native of Java, among bushes, in the province of Bantam. E. ferruginea, Horsfield, in Roem. Schultes, syst. 4. p. 796. Hypogynous scales acuminated, distinct. Stamens inclosed. £«n7rtm Chonemorpha. Fl. Feb. Shrub cl. lie. coria'cea (Blum, bijdr. p. 1039. under Echites) leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs axillary or terminal, bifid or trifid ; pedicels usually 3 together ; corolla funnel- shaped, hairy inside. I; . ,_^. S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Ojot-ljum-pol-kikis. Flowers small, yellowish. Stamens inclosed. Hypogynous scales connate. Coriaceous-XevLveA Chonemorpha. El. year. Shrub cl. 12 C. infla'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1039. under Echites) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, full of parallel reticulated veins ; corymbs axillary and terminal, bifid or trifid ; pedicels 3 together ; corolla funnel-shaped : having the tube widened and 5-angled downwards. I^ . ^. S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Tjerimai. Flowers white, but the throat is yellow. Hypogynous scales roundish, distinct. Nearly allied to E. reticulata, Roth., from which it differs in the anthers being inclosed, and in the tube of the corolla being 5-angled above. hflated-Ronered Chonemorpha. Fl. August. Shrub cl. 13 C? coNVOLvuLoiDES ; leaves sagittately cordate, acumin- ated, glabrous, on long petioles ; racemes terminal and axillary, 4-5-flowered, on short angular, thick peduncles ; tube of corolla very long. fj . ^. S. Native of Africa, in the island of St. Thomas, on the baiiks of rivers. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a naked throat, while. Anthers conniving into a cone. Lobes at base of leaves distant. Follicles long. Convolvulus-like Chonemorpha. Shrub tw. Cult. See Echites above for culture and propagation. APOCYNEjE. III. Aganosma. IV. Beaumontia. V. Pachypodium. 77 III. AGANO'SMA (from ayai'»;c, aganes, mild, and oafir], oime, a smell ; scent of flowers). Echites, sect. 2. Aganosma, Blum, bijdr. p. 1040. Echites species of authors. Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx large, 5-parted, equal in length to the tube of the corolla, spreading. Corolla funnel-shaped, with an oblique 5-parted limb, and the tube gib- bous at the base. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering with the stigma. Ovarium didymous, inclosed by 5 long combined hypogynous scales. Style thick ; stigma conical, angular at the base, mucronate at top or bidentate. Follicles cylindrical, divaricate. Seeds large. — Showy Asiatic shrubs, with opposite leaves and terminal corymbs of flowers. Bracteas deciduous, at the base of the pedicels and calyxes. 1 A. CARYOPHYLLA TA ; leaves oval, acutish at both ends, tomentose beneath as well as the branches ; corymbs terminal. h . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites caryophyllata, Blum. bijdr. p. 1041. — Rheed. mal. 7. t. 103. t. 55. Flowers pale yellow, tinged with red, very sweet scented. Clove-scented Aganosmti. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw. 2 A. Roxbu'rgiiii ; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated : having the petioles and veins red, glabrous, pale beneath and shining above : with the principal nerves running from the base to the apex of the leaves ; corymbs terminal ; segments of corolla tri- angular. I^ . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, in mountainous tracks only. Echites caryophyllata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 11. Sims, hot. mag. 1919. but not of Blume. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 135. Perhaps Echites costatci, Willd. is the same. Flowers large, pure white, delightfully fragrant. Nectary tubular, 5-toothed. Calyx and corolla hoary outside. Roxburgh's Aganoimdi. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw. 3 A. CYMosA ; hairy ; leaves elliptic, acuminated ; cymes terminal, shorter than the leaves ; segments of corolla oblique, ensiform ; nectary cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Ij . S. Native of Silhet. Echites cymosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 16. Echites con- ferla. Wall. cat. no. 1655. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Flowers small, dull white, fragrant. Calyx and corolla hoary outside. C^moit'-flowered Aganosma. Shrub. 4 A. Wallichii; leaves elliptic-acuminated, shining above, and pale beneath, glabrous ; veins parallel ; corymbs terminal ; nectary tubular, 5-toothed. H . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites calycina. Wall. cat. no. 1653. Calyx and corolla downy outside. This species differs from A. Roxhurghii in the veins of the leaves being parallel, not longitudinal, from the base to the apex. Flowers white, fragrant. Wallich's Aganosma. Shrub tw. 5 A. e'legans ; leaves elliptic, short-acuminaled, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, crowded ; cah cine segments lanceolate, linear, longer than the tube of the corolla. I; . '^. S. Native of the East Indies. Echites elegans, Wall. cat. no. 1656. Echites bracteata, Herb. Heyne. Flowers small, apparently purple, being black in the dried state. Corolla downy outside, as well as the calyxes, bracteas, and pedicels. Elegant Aganosma. Shrub tw. 6 A. acumina'ta ; leaves from oblong to broad-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles axillary, longer than the leaves, trichotomous, diffuse; segments of corolla linear, falcate, curled. >j . '^. S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Pingoree and Bcngeree. Echites acuminata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 15. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Panicles and bracteas smooth. Flowers large, uhite, fragrant. Calyx length of the tube of the corolla, smooth. Nectary cup-shaped, obscurely o-toothed. Follicles very long, slender. Acuminatcd-\e?iveA Aganosma. Shrub cl. 7 A. marginalia ; leaves lanceolate, smooth : having the tops of the veins forming a waved line within the margin of the leaf; panicles terminal, lax, corymbose, at first sub-trichotomous, and then dichotomous, glabrous; segments of corolla linear, falcate; nectary annular. >> . ^. S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Dood-luta. Echites margin^ta, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 16. Flowers numerous, large, white, fragrant. Marginate Aganosma. Shrub cl. ■f A species hardly known. 8 A. AFFiNis ; erect, tomentose ; leaves oval, mucronate ; corymbs terminal ; segments of calyx equal in length to the limb of the corolla. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites caryophyllata, Roth. nov. spec. E. affinis, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 393. Leaves densely clothed with soft down above, and grey tomentum beneath. Corolla with a glabrous tube, which is said to be twice as long as the calyx, in the description by Roth ; it is consequently not a true species oi Aganosma. Allied Aganosma. Shrub erect. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. IV. BEAUMO'NTIA (named in compliment to the late Mrs. Beaumont, of Bretton Hall, Yorkshire). Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 14. t. 7. Bot. reg. 911. Echites species, Roxb. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5, folia- ceous, unequal, erect segments. Corolla with a short tube and a large campantilate 5-lobed limb ; lobes erect, ovate, acute ; throat destitute of scales. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the tube, exserted ; anthers sagittate, beardless, co- hering to the stigma : hind lobes without pollen ; filaments free. Style twisted. Ovarium 2-celled, surrounded by a hypogy- nous 5-lobed ring. Stigma oblong, with a bifid point. Follicles 2, large, combined, but at length separating. Seeds furnished with a tuft of hairs at the umbilical end. — Large twining shrubs, with permanent opposite leaves : having the axillary and inter- petiolar cilia subulate and sphaceolafe. Corymbs axillary and terminal, many-flowered. This genus agrees wtth Lyonsia on one hand and Parsonsia on the other. 1 B. GRANDiFLORA (Wall. 1. c.)leaves broad, oblong-obovate ; with a little point, tapering towards the base, smooth and shining above, but rather downy beneath ; calyx downy. h . '~^. S. Native of Chittagong and Silhet. Echites grandiflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 14. Corolla large, white, greenish outside near the base, and dark throat. Young leaves and branches rusty. Great-floneredBe&wmoxW.xn. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw. 2 B. LONGiFOLiA (Lodd. bot. cab. p. 6. for 1830.) nothing more than the name is known of this species. Tj . ^. S. Na- tive of the East Indies. io«g'-/eaied Beaumontia. Shrub tw. Cult. See Echites, p. 76. for culture and propagation. V. PACHYPO^DIUM (from iraxvc, pachys, thick, and ttowc TTo^oe, poHi podos, a foot ; in reference to the thick fleshy roots). Lindl. bot. reg. 1321. — Echites species, Thunb. and Haw. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; with a somewhat curved pentagonal tube ; throat and tube scaleless ; segments of the limb obtuse, equal. Sta- mens inserted in the middle of the tube ; anthers sagittate, sub- sessile. Ovaria 2. Styles 2. Hypogynous scales none. Follicles twin, ovate. — Fleshy, lactescent, spiny shrubs, with the habit of some species of Euphorbia. Spines 2-3-lobed, iufra-petiolar. Leaves scattered. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or ag- gregate. Peduncles 1 -flowered. 1 P. gla'brum ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or obovate-lanceo- late, glabrous. I^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in arid places. Echites bispinosa, Thunb. prod. 37. nov. act. petrop. 14. p. 505. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 69. Lin. suppl. p. 167. Prickles connate. Leaves acute, paler beneath, hardly an inch long. Corolla with a somewhat curved, greenish rufescent tube, bearded with white hairs, and an inflated cam- panulate limb, which is reddish outside, and purplish inside at the base; segments ovate, obtuse, white. 78 APOCYNEiE. V. Pachypodium. VI. Ichnocarpus. VII. Holarrhena. VIII. Isokema. IX. Vallaris. G/rtiroMi Pachypodium. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1795. SIi. 1 ft. 2 P. tomentosum; leaves linear or lanceolate, totnentose be- neath ; glabrous above. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in arid places. Echiles succulenta, Thunb. prod. 37. nov. act. petrop. 14. p. 505. t. 9. f. 2. Lin. suppl. 167. Prickles filiform, setaceous. Leaves green above, but clothed with fine villi beneath, about an inch long. Corollas rufescent. Follicles ovate, acute. rome^^oic Pachypodium. Fl.Jul. Nov. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 ft. 3 P. tuberosum (Lindl. hot. reg. 1321.) stem tuberous at the base ; leaves oblong, tomentose beneath, glabrous above. ^2 • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in barren plains. Echites tuberosa, Haw. syn. pi. succ. p. 6. ? Lodd. bot. cab. 1G76. Prickles straight, subulate. Corolla red outside, and whitish on the upper surface of the limb, tinged with red. Ttiberous-rooted Pachypodium. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1813. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. These are very pretty succulent shrubs. A mixture of lime-rubbish, sand, and loam is the best soil for them : and cuttings will strike root readily in sand, under a hand-glass. The plants should not get too much water, when not in a grow- ing state. VI. ICHNOCA'RPUS (lx^oc, ichnos, a vestige, and capTroc, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the slender follicles). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 62. — Apocynum frutescens, Lin. LiN. sYST. Penlaridria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped ; segments of the limb dimidiate, twisted, Iiairy ; throat and tube without any scales. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, free from the stigma. Ovaria twin. Style 1, fili- form ; stigma ovale, acute. Hypogynous threads 5, capitate, alternating with the stamens. Follicles slender.- — Climbing shrubs, with opposite leaves ; branched, terminal panicles of small, white, inodorous flowers. 1 I. frute'scens (R. Br. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. G9.) stem twining ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, very long, racemose ; pedicels fascicled; follicles variable. Jj.'^. S. Native of Ceylon, Sirmore, Silhet, Nipaul, and Kamaon. Apocynum frutescens, Lin. fl. zeyl. 114. spec. p. 312. Pers. syn. exclusive of Quiribelia, Lam. Lyama, Roxb. in asiat. res. 4. p. 261.^ — Burm. fl. zeyl. p. 23. t. 12. f. 1. Echites frutescens, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 12. Leaves variable in shape, deep green above and pale beneath. Flowers small, purple. I. radicans. Wall. cat. hardlv appears to be distinct. The Quiribelia Zeylanica, Lam. et Poir. diet. 6. p. 42., considered by them as Linneus's Apocynumfriitescens, must, from the description, be widely different, and perhaps does not belong to the same natural order. ;S'/(»-!/iij/ Ichnocarpus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Sh. tw. 2 I. era'grans (Wall. cat. no. 1676.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, or oblong, acuminated, tapering to both ends, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, tricliotomous, spreading ; segments of the corolla long. I? . '^. S. Native of Nipaul. Flowers large. Follicles long, slender, terete. Fragrant Ichnocarpus. Shrub tw. 3 1.? Afzelii (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 399.) stems twining ; lower leaves oval, acute ; superior ones oblong or lanceolate ; segments of corolla obtuse ; throat nearly naked. >■ . '^. S. Native of Sierra Leone, and about the river Bascha, and along the sea shore on the coast of Lower Guinea, in woods and among bushes. Apocynum frutescens, Afz. rem. guin. 4. p. 28. Shrub glabrous. Peduncles terminal, 2-flowered ; Pedicels drooping. Corollas white, sweet-scented. Follicles combined at the base. AJ'zclius's Ichnocarpus. SIrub tw. 4 I. LouRtiRii (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 635.) stem frutoscent, erectish ; leaves ovate-oblong ; peduncles lateral, usually 3- flowered. ^ • v^- S. Native of Zanzebar. Apocynum Afri- c&num, Lour. coch. 168. Branches scandent. Leaves small, glabrous. Flowers pale. Corolla campanulate, reflexed. Hy- pogynous scales subulate, alternating with 5 coloured 'glands. Stigma acute, bifid. Follicles conical. Loureiro's Ichnocarpus. Shrub cl. Cult. See Echites, p. 76. for culture and propagation. VII. HOLARRHE'NA (oXoc, olos,entue,aT\A npf>r)i, arrhen, a male ; in reference to the entire anthers). It. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 62. — Carissa, spec. Vahl. Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; seg- ments subulate. Corolla salver-shaped, with equal-sided seg- ments, and a scaleless throat and tube. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the bottom of the tube ; anthers free from the stigma, lanceolate, entire, bearing the pollen longitudinally. Ovaria twin. Style very short ; Stigma cylindrical. Hypogynous scales wanting. Follicles slender. — Erect glabrous shrubs. Leaves membranous. Cymes terminal and lateral. 1 H. MiTis (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, attenuated. 1; . S. Native of the East Indies. Carissa mitis, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 44. t. 59. Leaves 2-3 inches long, shining, purplish beneath. Mild Holarrhena. Shrub. 2 H. ? CoDA^GA ; leaves ovate, acuminated, with oblique pa- rallel nerves ; peduncles terminal ; segments of corolla oblong, oblique. )j. S. Native of Malabar. Codaga-Pala, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 85. t. 47. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Follicles a span long. Codaga Holarrhena. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 3 H. pube'scens (Wall. cat. no. 1673.) leaves ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, short-acuminated, downy beneath and on the upper surface while young, as well as the branches, peduncles, and calyxes ; corymbs terminal. '; . S. Native of Nipaul, Kamaon, Martaban, and Tavoy. Echites pubescens, Hamilt. mss. Hardly distinct from Echites aniidysenterica, Roxb. ; a native of Silhet and Nipaul, the H. aniidysenterica, Wall. cat. no. 1672. Downy Holarrhena. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echiles, p. 76. VIII. ISONE'MA (from «roc, isos, equal, and i'r)fia, nema, a filament). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 63. Lin. syst. Pent&ndiia, Monogynia. Corolla salver-shaped : limb S-parted ; throat and tube without scales. Stamens ex- serted. Filaments inserted in the throat, simple at apex. Anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ova- ria twin. Style 1, filiform ; stigma thick, obtuse. Hypogynous scales wanting. Follicles unknown. — An erect hairy shrub, with opposite leaves. Panicles terminal, brachiate ; flowers corymbose. Segments of calyx furnished with a double scale inside at base. Corolla half an inch long ; with a cylindrical tube, which is bearded inside in the middle. 1 I. Smeathma'nni (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 401.) Tj . S. Native of tropical Africa, on the west coast. Smeathmann s Isonema. Shrub. Cull. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. IX. VALL.VRIS (from vallo, to inclose; used for fences in Java.) Burm. ind. p. 5 1 . R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 63. Blum, bijdr. p. 1042. — Emericia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 401. — Pegularia species, Lin. — Peltanthera, Roth. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla salver-shaped ; with a 5-clett obtuse limb ; and a scaleless throat and tube. Stamens exserted ; filaments inserted in the throat, very short, furnished with a fleshy swelling outside at the apex ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovarium 2-celled. Style filiform ; stigma ovate- conical, furnished with a pearl-like gland on the back. Hypo- APOCYNEiE. IX. Vallaris. X. Heylygia. XI. Parsonsia. r9 gynous scales 5, connate at tlic base and ciliated at the apex. — Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Peduncles interpetiolar, or terminal. Flowers corymbose, sweet-scented. Corymbs tri- chotomous. 1 V. Pergula'na (Burm. ind. p. 51.) leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, glabrous ; corymbs axillary, trichotomous, downy ; seg- ment of corolla roundish. Ij . '^. S. Native of the East Indies. PergLilaria glabra, Lin. mant. p. 53. Willd. .spec. 1. p. 1247. Houtt. Lin. pfl. syst. 3. p. 335. t. 20. f. 1. Echites hircosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 18. Flos Pergulanus, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 51. t. 29, Emericia Pergularia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. )). 401. Flowers large, pure white, with a goatish smell. Ca- lycine segments lanceolate, acute. Pcrgulanay Mavis. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Shrub tw. 2 V. laxiflora (Blum bijdr. p. 1043.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs axillary and terminal, tricho- tomous, on long peduncles, glabrous. H . '^. S. Native of Java, in shady mountain woods, in the province of Buitenzorg. Loose-Jlotvercd Vallaris. Shrub tw. 3 V. DicHoTOMA (Wall. cat. no. 1G21.) leaves lanceolate- oblong, glabrous ; racemes axillary, dichotomous ; segments of corolla roundish ; filaments bearded and woolly. Ij . '^. S. Native of Bengal, in forests near Calcutta. Echites dichotoma, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 19. Leaves on very short petioles, 3 inches long. Flowers large, pure white, fragrant. Calycine segments cordate, pointed. Follicles oblong, large, 6 inches long. Z)ic/io together, terminal, pedunculate; calyeine segments oblong, acute. t^ . '^. S. Native of Cuba, and other parts of America, on the sea shore. Echites paludosa, Vahl. eclog. 2. p. 19. t. 5. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 221. Leaves 2 or 21 inches long, without any glands at the base. Corollas white, glabrous outside. Marsh Exothostemon. Fl. March. Shrub tw. Cull. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 7G. XVin. H^MADl'CTYON (from a,>a, haima, blood, and riKTvoi', dictijon, a net ; in reference to the veins and nerves of the leaves being red). Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 71. Echites species, Sims and Tussac. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogyn'ta. Corolla salver-shaped ; segments reflexed, equal, dilated ; throat of the tube furnished with 5 inclosed scales. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria twin. Style filiform ; stigma capitate. Hypogynous glands 5, alternating with the calyeine segments. — Twining shrubs, with opposite leaves, and axillary racemes of flowers. 1 H. vENosuM (Lindl. I. c.) leaves lanceolate, glabrous, a little blistered, and beautifully traversed by crimson veins ; racemes drooping. Tj.'^. S. Native of St. Vincent. Echites niitans, Sims, bot. mag. 2473. Echites sanguinolenta, Tussac. fl. ant. Flowers of a yellow green colour, pale in the center. J eincd-\ea.\e& Hcemadictyon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub tw. 2 H. subere'cta ; leaves rather ovate, downy beneath, mu- cronate ; racemes many-flowered. I; . '^. S. Native of Ja- maica and St. Domingo. Echites suberecta, Swartz, obs. 101. Jacq. amer. 32. t. 26. icon. pict. t. 33. Andr. bot. rep. 187. Sims, bot. mag. lOG^. Apocynum speciosissimum. Mill. diet. Nerium sarmentosum, Browne, jam. ISO. — Sloan, jam. p. 89. hist. 1. p. 206. t. 130. f. 2. Corollas large, with a cylindrical tube: hairy outside, yellow. Hypogynous scales concave, obtuse. Stems scandent, hardly twining. Calyeine segments lanceolate. Erectish Hamadictyon. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1759. So. cl. 3 H. circina'lis ; leaves elliptic, glabrous ; racemes many- flowered : having the peduncles articulated; teeth of calyx acute. Ij . ^. S. Native of the Antilles, and St. Domingo. Echites circinalis, Jacq. Swartz. prod. 52.' fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 529. Flowers small, white, with undulated segments and villous throat. Calyx and corolla velvety outside. Circinal Hsemadictyon. Shrub tw. Cull. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. XIX. CERCOCO'MA (from Kipmc, leer/cos, a tail, and Kofir), koine, a head of hair ; in reference to the stipitate tuft of hairs at the top of the seed). Wall. cat. no. 1623. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5~toothed. Corolla salver-shaped ; with a terete tube and a 5-lobed spread- ing limb. Stamens inclosed. Follicles 2, divaricate, horizontal, large, 9 inches long, acuminated, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds lanceolate, tapering to the top, where it ends in a long, stipitate tuft of white hairs. — Branches warted. Leaves opposite, gla- brous, oblong, acuminated. Panicles coi-ymbose, furnished with many opposite, ovate, acute small bracteas. 1 C. Singaporia'na (Wall. cat. no. 1623.). I7 . S. Native of the East Indies. Singapore Cercocoma. Shrub. Ctdl. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. XX. PRESTO'NIA (named after Charles Preston, M. D., a correspondent of Ray ; and styled by him " Eruditissimus vir, et Curiosissimus stirpium Observator." Many of his observa- tions, chiefly on the more minute plants, occur in Ray's " Me- thodus eniendata." Blair also mentions him as an ingenious and expert botanist). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 69. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 221. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla salver-shaped ; throat crowned with an undivided annular tube, and 5 scales, which alternate with the segments of the limb. Anthers semi-exserted, sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma ; with the hind lobes destitute of pollen. Ova- ria 2. Style 1, filiform, dilated at top ; stigma turbinate : with a narrower point. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or joined. Follicles like those of Echites. — Twining shrubs. Leaves oppo- site. Corymbs or racemes crowded, interpetiolar. Calyx foli- aceous : having the segments furnished each with a scale inside at the base. 1 P. tomentosa (R. Br. 1. c. p. 70.) tomentose ; corymbs crowded ; hypogynous scales combined into an urceolus. f; . '^. S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, where it was collected by Sir Joseph Banks. Flowers large, yellow. Tomentose Prestonia. Shrub tw. 2 P. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. ainer. 3. p. 221. t. 212.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, siibcordate, hairy above, but clothed with soft canescent down beneath ; flowers race- mose ; hypogynous scales free, h . '^. S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon, near Tomependa, in the province of Jaen de Bracaraoros. Flowers large, yellow : hairy, ventricose at the base, and downy. Soft Prestonia. Fl. Aug. Shrub tw. 3 P. glabra'ta (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 222.) leaves ovate-oblong, short-acuminated, cordate, glabrous ; flowers racemose ; hypogynous scales free. I; . '^. S. Native of Quito, near Guayaquil, on the shore of the Pacific Ocean. Corollas yellow, size of those of Vinca rosea. Pedicels hairy. Glabrous Prestonia. Fl. Feb. Shrub tw. 4 P. hirsu'ta ; leaves oblong-oval, acvmiinated, villous be- neath ; flowers racemose ; hypogynous scales free, i^ • ^- ^^ Native of Peru, in forests. Echites hirsuta, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19. t. 136. Glands one or two at the base of each leaf. Calyeine segments acute in the flowering state, but blunt in the fruiting state. Corollas yellow. Hairy Prestonia. Shrub tw. 5 P. Peruvia'na (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 637.) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, tomentose, glanduliferous ; peduncles race- mose. Ij . '^. S. Native of Peru, in woods. Echites glan- dulosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19. t. 135. Stems bearing glands at the joints, in the recesses at the base of the leaves, and along the petioles and stipulas. Leaves large, white be- neath, with red or purplish veins. Pedicels reflexed. Corollas large, yellow. Perhaps a species of Hceinadklyon. Peruvian Prestonia. Shrub tw. 6 P. quinquangula'ris (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 637-) leaves obovate or oblong-ovate, acuminated ; peduncles racemose, generally 8-flowered ; calyeine segments with reflexed tops. [^ . '^. S. Native of South America, and the West Indies. Echites quinquangidaris, Jacq. amer. 32. t. 25. ed. pict. t. 32. Stems scabrous. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla large, green, with a yellowish limb : and having the throat of the tube pen- M 2 84 APOCYNE/E. XXI. Balfouria. XXII. Nerium. XXIII. Strophanthus. tagonal and white ; segments of limb broad and truncate at tlie apex. Anthers length of tube. Said to be non-lactescent. Five-angled-Roviered Prestonia. Shrub tw. 7 P. ANNULA Ris ; leaves large ; corolla furnished with a pro- minent ring ; racemes pedunculate, bifid ; hypogynous scales distinct. Jj . '^. S. Native of Surinam. Echites annularis, Lin. suppl. IGG. Leaves nearly a foot long. Segments of corolla emarginate. Stigma obtuse, girded by a ring. Annidar-Rov/ered Prestonia. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echitcs, p. 76. XXI. BALFOU'RIA (in memory of Sir Andrew Balfour, the founder of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden and Museum, of wliose merits in natural history, especially in botany, an inter- esting account is given by his friend Sir Robert Sibbald, in a small volume entitled " iMemoria Balfouriana."). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. I. p. 70. prod. p. 467. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Corolla salver-sh.Tpcd, throat crowned by a little crenulated tube ; segments of the limb straight, equal-sided. Stamens inserted in the throat, a little exserted : anthers sagittate, mucronate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovarium 2-celled. Style 1, filiform, dilated at apex; stigma angular. Scales 10, inserted at the base of the calyx outside the corolla : hypogynous ones none. Follicles unknown. — A small tree, about 12 feet high. Leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear, falcate ; furnished with interpetiolar teeth. Cymes trifid, lateral, and terminal. 1 B. sALiGNA (R. Br. prod. 467.). Ij . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Willonnj Balfouria. Tree 12 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Nerium, below. XXII. NE'RIUM (from vr)po£, neros, hum\d; habitat of spe- cies.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 71. Lam. ill. t. 174. f. 1. — Nerium, species of Lin. ed Juss. Lin. syst. Pentdndria Monogyuia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped; throat crowned by lacerated multifid segments ; segments of the limb twisted, unequal-sided, tailless. Filaments inserted into the middle of the tube. Anthers sagittate, awned, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria 2. Style 1, filiform, dilated at top ; stigma obtuse. Hypogynous scales wanting ; but there are toothlets at the base of the calyx, outside the corolla. Follicles cylindrical. — Erect shrubs. Leaves 3 in a whorl, elongated, coriaceous, with numerous parallel veins. Flowers terminal, corymbose. 1 N. Olea'nder (Lin. spec. 805.) leaves lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, veiny beneath ; segments of corona trifid or tricuspidate. y^ . G. Native of the East Indies, in humid places ; but has now become apparently wild in many places of the south of Europe, by the sides of streams, and near the sea coast.- — Blackw. t. 531. — Duham. arb. 2. p. 46. t. 12. — Lob. icon. t. 364. N. lauriforme, Fl. fr. 2. p. 209. Leaves 4-5 inches long, dark green. Flowers rather large, bright red. Like Rhododen- dron, this shrub has the name of Rose Bay, and for the same reason ; but it is more commonly known by the officinal name, Oleander, which is also adopted in all the European languages, except the French, in which it is Laurose, or Laurier-Rose, that is. Rose Ray. The Italians have adopted Nerio, or Rosa-laura, as well as Oleandro. Oil, in which the leaves are infused, was formerly recommended for cutaneous disorders, in preference to mercurial preparations, for weak constitutions. far. ft, Jlore albo ; flowers white ; leaves pale green. h . G. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 700. — Ger. emac. 1406. f. 2. Park, theatr. 1407. 1. Var. y, splendens (Hort.) flowers large, showy, double, bright red. h . G. N. latifolinm, Mill. diet. no. S. ? Herm. lugdb. 447. t. 410. Nerium grandiflorum, Hort. Par. J'ar. a, variegatum (Hort.) leaves edged with white or yellow ; flowers red. Vj . G. Lodd. bot. cab. 666. Common Oleander. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1596. Shrub 6- 14 feet. 2 N. odorum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 297.) leaves linear-lanceo- late, 3 in a whorl, coriaceous, veiny beneath, with revolute edges ; segments of the crown multifid, filamentose at apex. Ij . G. Native of the East Indies, on the banks of rivers, and by the sea side. Heyne, term. bot. t. 22. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2032. N. odoratura, Lam. diet. 3. p. 456. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 2. N. I'ndicum, Mill. diet. no. 2. N. Oleander, Lour. coch. 1 15. Leaves light green, 6-10 inches long. Flowers pale red, with an agreeable musky scent. Bracteas lanceolate, mucronate, permanent. Calycine segments lanceolate mucro- nate. There is also a variety of this species with white flowers, and another with semi-double flowers. See Ker. bot. reg. t. 74. Sweet-scented-Rovie'ced Oleander. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. Shrub 6-8 feet. 3 N. flave'scens (Di Spino, jard. de St. Sebastian, 1812.) leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, or opposite, veined be- neath; flowers and peduncles yellowish. Jj . G. Native country unknown, but cultivated in Italian gardens. N. odorum, var. /J, liueum, Targion Tazzet. obs. bot. dec. 1-2, p. 27. Yellonnsh-^ovieveA Oleander. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Shrub 6-10 feet. 4 N. SALiciNUM (Forsk. desc. 205. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 45.) leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, nerveless. F^ . G. Native of Arabia Felix. Said to differ from A'^. Oleander, in the leaves being obtuse, and almost veinless beneath, not with copious parallel nerves. A large tree, with the habit of Sdlix frdgilis. Leaves flat, shining, a span long. Willowy Oleander. Tree. ■\ A doubtful species. 5 N. ? reticula'tum (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 797.) leaves elliptic, mucronate, reticulated, stem scan- dent. >2 . v_,. S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps a species of JVrightia. Reticulated-leaved Oleander. Shrub cl. Cult. All the species of Oleander are very showy vvlien in blossom. They thrive well in a light rich soil ; and cuttings strike root freely in any kind of soil, if kept moist ; or by placing the ends of them in water. All require a good deal of heat, to flower freely in this country. XXIII. STROPHA'NTHUS (from arpo^oc, strophos, a twisted thong ; and atSoc, anihos, a flower ; segments of corolla long, narrow, and twisted.) D. C. in bull. d. soc. philom. no. 64. p. 123. t. 8. f. 1. Desf. ann. mus. 1. p. 410. t. 27. R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 72. — Echites species, Lin. LiN. SYST. PentHndria, Monogyuia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 13. a.) Corolla funnel-shaped; throat crowned by 10 undivided scales ; segments of the limb ending in a long tail each (f. 13. e.) Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube ; anthers sagittate, awned (f 13. c. rf.) or mucronate. Ovaria 2. Style 1, filiform, dilated at the apex; stigma sub-cylindrical. Hypogynous scales 5. Follicles ovate, acuminated, many-seeded. — Sarmentose shrubs, with opposite leaves. ^ 1 . Anthers glabrous, draivn out into a thread (f. 1 3. c.J 1 S. sarmentosus (D. C. bull, philomat. no. 64. p. 123. t. 8. f. 1. Desf ann. mus. 1. p. 410. t. 27.) glabrous, sarmentose ; flowers glomerate, terminal and lateral, rising with the leaves ; corollas sub-campanulate. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone, APOCYNE^. XXIII. Strophanthus. XXIV. WuiGiiTrA. 85 rambling among bushes. Branches besprinkled with white tubercles. Leaves ovate, acute. Corolla red, ending in long tail each. ;5'ar;HeH_,. S. Native of the East Indies. Divaricate Strophanthus. Shrub cl. 5 S. Jackia'nus (Wall. cat. no. 1643.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, downy beneath while young ; peduncles short, axillary, di- chotomous ; corolla campanulate, with short tails to the segments. Tj . S. Native of Penang. Follicles very long. Jack's Strophanthus. Shrub. 6 S. Chine'nsis ; branches erect, dichotomous ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles terminal, few- flowered, becoming lateral, or in the forks of the branches ; tails of the segments of the corolla ensiform ; stamens inserted in the base of the tube. fj . E. Native of China. Nerium Chi- nensis. Hunter, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 9. S. divergens, Graham? S. dichotomus, Ker. bot. reg. 469 ? Dr. Roxburgh could not find any scales in the tube of the corolla. Chinese Strophanthus. Shrub erect. 7 S. ? sca'ndens (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 412.) stems scandent ; peduncles terminal, many-flowered ; leaves ovate- oblong, a little acuminated, glabrous; tails of the segments of the corolla long. Pj . ^. S. Native of Cocliinchina, among bushes. Nerium scandens, Lour. coch. p. 116. Calyx tubular, with fleshy, erect segments. Corolla funnel-shaped ; having the lower part of the tube cylindrical, and the superior part ur- ceolate, white ; limb red, having the segments long-linear and repand. Corona of the tube of many acute segments ; anthers ending in a long, thread-like tail, each. Follicles thick, obtuse, horizontal. Climbing Strophanthus. Shrub cl. 8 S. ALTERNiFLORUs (Spreug. syst. 1. p. 637.) scandent; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; alternate axils umbellife- rous. ^.^.G. Native of China, in small islands near Canton. Apocynum alterniflorum, Lour. coch. 168. Flowers pale. Co- rolla campanulate, crowned by 10 scales. A/ternate-Jlomered Utrophanthua. .Shrub cl. § 2. Anthers hispid, mutic. 9 S. HisPiDA (D. C. 1. c. Desf. 1. c. p. 412.) corollas funnel- shaped : with long, acuminated segments ; anthers acute, (j . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Shrub hispid, almost with the habit of a Juslicia. Leaves sessile, ovate-oblong. Flowers fasciculate, on peduncles, which are repeatedly trichotomous. Corollas red ; having the tails of the segments 7 inches long. Hispid Strophanthus. .Shrub. Cult. Shrubs of easy culture. A mixture of peat, loam, and sand, is the best soil for them ; and cuttings strike root readily in sand, under a hand glass, in heat. The species are worth cul- tivating for the singularity as well as beauty of their flowers. Tribe II. WRIGHTI&iE. Fruit of 2 follicles. Tuft of hairs at the lower end of the seed, or at that end contrary to the umljilicus. Embryo with involute cotyledons. XXIV. WRI'GHTIA (named after the late William Wright, M.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. and Edinb., whose ardour in the pursuit of botanical knowledge, even while engaged in extensive medical practice in the island of Jamaica, has long entitled him to this mark of distinction.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soe. 1. p. 73. — Nerium species, Lin. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla salver-shaped ; throat crowned by 10 divided scales. Sta- mens exserted ; filaments inserted in the throat ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria 2, cohering. Style 1, filiform, dilated at top ; stigma narrower. Scales 5-10, inserted at the base of the calyx, outside the corolla. Follicles distinct or combined, with adnate placentas. — Erect shrubs, or small trees. Leaves opposite. Corymbs almost terminal. Flowers white. Albumen none. Cotyledons longitudinally in- volute, white, but immersed in hot water they become rose- coloured. 1 W. antidysente'rica (R. Br. 1. c. p. 74.) leaves obovate- oblong, short-acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs nearly terminal ; tube of corolla 6 times longer than the calyx ; follicles distinct. fj . S. Native of Ceylon. Nerium antidysentericum, Lin. spec. ed. 2d. p. 306. Lour. coch. p. 116.— Plenck. offic. t. 119. — Burm. zeyl. 167. t. 77. Codaga Pala, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 'io. t. 47. ? Flowers white, sweet-scented, form of a species oiJasmt- num. The wood being white, of a fine grain, is useful for the turner, and to make cabinets, and other elegant furniture. The bark is reputed to be a specific in dysentery, and most complaints of the bowels, and is the Conessi bark of the Materia Medica. Anti-dysenteric Wrlghtia. Clt. 1778. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 2 W. Zeyla'nica (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, sub-acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs terminal ; tube of corolla 4-5 times longer than the calyx ; follicles distinct, fj . S. Native of Ceylon. Nerium Zeylanicum, Lin. amoen. acad. 4. p. 309. Burm. zeyl. 23. t. 12. f. 2. W. divaricata. Herb. madr. Very nearly allied to fV. antidysenterica, from which it differs, in the fiiTure of the leaves, which are also rather smaller. 86 APOCYNEiE. XXIV. Wrightia. XXV. Kibatalia. XXVI. Alstonia. Ceylon Wrightia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 3 W. TiNCTORiA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-lanceol.^te, and ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles terminal ; branches and corymbs divaricate ; tube of corolla twice longer than the calyx; follicles distinct, but united at the apex. Ij . S. Native of die East Indies. Lindl. bot. reg. 933. Nerium tinctorium, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 5. Chite-ancaloo of the Telingas. Flowers white, fragrant, when expanded an inch and a half in diameter. Dj/erV Wrightia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 4 W. MOLLissiMA (Wall. pi. rar. 2, p. 39. t. 146.) leaves ovate, acuminated, clothed with hoary villi beneath, as well as the branchlets; corymbs erect; tube of corolla twice longer than the calyx, downy ; follicles parallel, beset with many callous dots, combined into a clavate cylindrical fruit. T? . S. Native of Nipaul, on mountains, in the Great Valley; and of Kamaon. Habit of W. tinctbria. Corolla downy outside, yellow, tinged with red. Very soft Wrightia. Shrub. 5 W. RoTHii ; leaves oval-lanceolate ; corymbs terminal, loose, flaccid ; calyx and corollas downy. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. W. tinctoria. Roth. nov. spec. Tabernasmontana divaricata, Roth. ? and probably Rheed. mal. 1. t. 46. and 2. t. 54. Roth's Wrightia. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 6 W. du'bia (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 638.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, somewhat undulated ; corona in the throat of the corolla 10-cleft, alternate segments shorter and obtuse; peduncles few- flowered in the forks of the branches. Fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Cameraria diibia, Hook. bot. mag. t. 1616. Lodd. bot. cab. 403. Flowers large, scarlet. Segments of co- rolla lanceolate, acuminated, yellow beneath. Doubljul Wrightia. Shrub or tree. 7 W. cocci'nea (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2696. Lodd. bot. cab. 894. Wall. cat. no. 1626.) leaves almost sessile, ovate-oblong; flowers 3-4 together, terminal; corona in the throat 5-lobed; lobes crenulated ; follicles distinct, rough ; tube of corolla short. 12 . S. Native of Silhet. Nerium coccineiun, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 2. Flowers large, dull red. Corona scarlet. A large timber tree. Wood white, remarkably light, but firm, and much used by turners, to make palkies, &c. ,S'car/e<-flowered Wrightia. Fl. Jime. Clt. 1812. Tree. 8 W. pube'scens (R. Br. 1. c. p. 75.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, and are, as well as the calyxes, downy ; corymbs erect ; tube of the corolla a little longer than the calyx ; folli- cles cohering. Tt . S. Native of New Holland, in Arnhem's Land, on the north coast ; and the Island of Timor, near Coepang; as well as of Java, among bushes. Zimm. reis. xi. 2. 1812. p. 132. with a figure. Roth. nov. spec. W. tomentosa, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 414. Flowers white. The tube of the corolla is described both by Blume and Roth, to be twice as long as the calyx. Downy Wrightia. Shrub. 9 W. tomentosa ; leaves oblong, acuminated, downy ; co- rymbs terminal, small ; tube of corolla longer than the calyx ; corona fleshy, lacerated into obtuse segments ; follicles scabrous ; distinct. h . S. Native of the Circars. Nerium tomentosum, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 7. — Nelam-Pala, Rheed. mal. 9. t. 3-4. Branches downy. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers with a white corolla, and orange-coloured corona. Follicles 8-9 inches long, and 2 in circumference. With the yellow juice which flows from every part of this plant when wounded, diluted with water, pieces of cotton cloth were dyed a pretty good yellow. Tomentose Wrightia. Tree. 10 W. ? pisciDiA ; leaves oblong, acuminated, shining ; pani- cles terminal, bracteate, shorter than the leaves ; tube of corolla longer than the calyx ; corona of 5 bifid, villous segments ; follicles swollen, oblong, obtuse. (j . S. Native of Sdhet, where it is called Echaulut. Neriuin piscidium, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 7. Seeds with broad, membranous edges, crowned. The loark contains a quantity of fibrous matter, which the natives of the country where the plant grows use as a substitute for hemp. Dr. Roxburgh found, by steeping the roots in a fish-pond, in order to accelerate the removal of the bark, and cleansing the fibres, many, if not the whole, of the fish w'ere killed : hence the specific name. Fish-killing Wrightia. Shrub rambling. Cult. For culture and propagation see Slrophdnthus, p. 85. XXV. KIBATA'LIA (Kibatala is the name of the tree in Java.) Hasseltia, Blum, bijdr. p. 1047, but not of H. B. et Kunth. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Corolla having the tube coarctate in the middle, the throat naked, and the limb campanulate, 5-parted, and twisted. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the corolla ; anthers large, cuspidate, callose on the back, adhering to the stigma. Ova- rium didymous, girded by a fleshy ring. Style didymous ; stigma clavate. Fruit of 2 elongated, distinct follicles. Seeds furnished at the lower extremity, with a stipitate tuft of iiairs. Embryo involute — A beautiful tree ; with opposite, oval leaves, which are acutish at both ends, glabrous above, paler and a little downy beneath ; and axillary fascicles of large, whitish yellow flowers. Kibatalia is distinguished from Wrightia, in the throat of the corolla being without scales ; and in the tuft of hairs to the seed being furnished with a stipe. 1 K. ARBOREA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1046, under Hasseltia.) Pj . S. Native of Java, about Tjampian, in the province of Buitenzorg, where it is called Kibatala. Tree Kabatalia. Fl. June. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Slrophdnthus, p. 85. Tribe III. ALSTONI&^. Fruit of 2 follicles. Seeds peltate, ciliated ; having the cilia more elongated at both ends. XXVI. ALSTO'NIA (in memory of Dr. Alston, the prede- cessor of Dr. Hope, of Edinburgh.) R. Br. in mem. soc. wern. 1. p. 75. — Echites species, Lin. LiN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla salver-shaped ; throat and tube without scales. Stamens inclosed ; anthers lanceolate, bearing pollen their whole length, and free from the stigma. Ovaria twin. Style 1, filiform, dilated at top ; stigma somewhat conical. Hypogynous, as well as calycine scales, wanting. Follicles terete. — Usually tall, lac- tescent trees. Leaves verticillate or opposite, ribbed, glabrous. Cymes terminal, panicled. Flowers usually white. Follicles for the most part very long. 1 A. schola'ris (R. Br. 1. c. p. 76.) leaves 5-7 in a whorl, obovate-oblong, obtuse, ribbed, and having the veins approxi- mating the margin ; cymes on short peduncles ; limb of corolla a little bearded ; follicles very long. Ij . S. Native of the East. Indies and the Moluccas. Echites scholaris, Lin. mant. 53. A. oleandrsefolia, Lodd. Nerium tinctorium, Hort. Pala, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 81. t. 45. Lignum scholare, Rumph.amb. 2. p. 246. t. 82. Flowers white. Segments of corolla roundish. Far. fi ; leaves cuneate-oblong, obtuse ; umbels eff"use. Jj . S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak. Blum, bijdr. 1037. ^•c/iooZ Alstonia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1803. Tree. 2 A. specta'bilis (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic- APOCYNE^. XXVI. Alstonia. XXVII. Gelsemium. XXVIII. Plectaneia. XXIX. Tabern.emoktana. 87 oblong, somewhat acuminated, ribbed, with simple edges ; cymes pedunculate, shorter than the leaves ; limb of corolla bearded ; follicles very long. ^ . S. Native of the islands of Timor and Java. Flowers very nearly allied to the preceding. Shotfi/ Alstonia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1825. Tree. 3 A. spatula'ta (Blum, bijdr. p. 1037.) leaves on short pe- tioles, opposite or 4 in a whorl, spatulate, rounded at the apex, and glabrous ; flowers sub-umbellate, terminal ; throat of corolla bearded a little ; coroUine segments obtuse, about equal in length to the tube, (j . S. Native of Java, about Hompien, where it is called Lamch. Spaltilate-leaveA Alstonia. Fl. April. Shrub. 4 A. villosa (Blum, bijdr. p. 1038.) leaves almost sessile, 4 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acutish at both ends, remotely ribbed, villous beneath ; cymes effuse, terminal. ^ . S. Native of Java, on the calcareous mountains of Kuripan. Villous Alstonia. Fl. Nov. Shrub. 5 A. sERicEA (Blum, bidjr. p. 1038.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, lanceolate, much acuminated at both ends, lined transversely, clothed with silky down beneath ; cymes crowded, terminal ; throat of corolla bearded; segments of corolla lanceolate, acu- minated, 't • S. Native of Java, on the Salak mountains. Silky Alstonia. Fl. April. Shrub or tree. 6 A. macrophy'lla (Wall. cat. no. 1648.) leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, short-acuminated, downy beneath ; peduncles numerous, at the tops of the branches, trichotomously corymbose at the top. Tj . S. Native of Penang. Follicles linear, very long. A. costata, R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 1649, does not appear to differ from A. macrophijlla, unless in the leaves being glabrous, nar- rower, and the veins more distinct. Large-leaved Alstonia. Tree or shrub. 7 A. cunea'ta (Wall. cat. no. 1645.) leaves obovate, retuse at top, rusty beneath, 3 in a whorl. Ij . S. Native of Sirmore, where it was collected by Dr. Gowan. Follicles linear. Pedun- cles 3-flowered. ? Cimeate-leaved Alstonia. Slirub or tree. 8 A. NERiiFOLiA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 131.) leaves 3-5 in a whorl, lanceolate, acuminated, feather-nerved, velvety be- neath, cymes terminal, sessile, downy ; throat of corolla downy : segments of the limb lanceolate, acute, twice shorter than the tube. Pj . G. Native of Nipaul. Neriam-leaved Alstonia. Tree or shrub. 9 A. Lu'ciDA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 131.) leaves opposite, elliptic, acuminated, glalnous, shining, reticulated ; cymes ter- minal, pedunculate, trichotomous ; throat of corolla bearded ; segments of the limb oblong, obtuse, about equal in length to the tube. T^ . G. Native of Nipaul. Echites triangularis, Hamilt. mss. ;S'/»'«(Hn'-leaved Alstonia. Shrub or tree. 10 A. cost.Vta (R. Br. 1. c. p. 77.) leaves opposite, elliptic- oblong, acuminated, ribbed ; cymes effuse ; segments of the corolla beardless, lanceolate, longer than the tube; follicles very long. I; . S. Native of the islands of Otaheite and Ulaietea, between the ranges of the mountain, where it is called Attahe. Flowers white. Ribbed-\eA\eA Alstonia. Tree. 11 A. PLUMOSA (Labill. sert. cal. p. 28. t. 28.) leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, ribbed, attenuated at the base ; floriferous cymes length of leaves, but the fruit bearing ones are much longer ; segments of corolla oblong, obtuse, pilose ; follicles very long. I^ . G. Native of New Caledonia. Corolla with a ven- tricose tube, and a pilose throat. Feathered Alstonia. Slirub 8 feet. 12 A. venena'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, attenuated at the base ; cymes dichoto- mous ; tube of corolla widened upwards; limb acute, beardless; follicles attenuated at both ends, hardly equal in length to the leaves. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Poisonous Alstonia. Tree. Cult. See Slrophdnthus, p. 85, for culture and propagation. Tribe IV. GELSEMIE'yE. Fruit of 2 joined follicles, which are at length separable, 2-valved, 2-celled ; valves 1 -celled, with in- flexed, seminiferous edges, which constitute the dissepiment. Seeds flat, winged. This tribe seems to connect the Gentianece with Apocijnea, through Crawjihdia. XXVII. GELSEWIIUM (from Gelsemino, an Italian name of the Jasmine.) Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 120. — Gelseniuuuii. Juss. gen. 168. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogij'nia. Calyx small, 5-lobed. Corolla large, funnel-shaped ; with a 5-cleft, almost equal limb. Stigma trifid. Capsule ovate-oblong, rather compressed, 2- celled, composed of 2 joined follicles, which are separable, fur- rowed in the middle ; 2-valved ; valves keeled, with inflexed edges, which constitute the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, flat, imi)ricate, membranous at the apex, fixed to the edges of tiie valves. — An evergreen, lactescent, climbing shrub. Leaves opposite, furnished with small, axillary glands. Flowers axillary and terminal, yellow. 1 G. NiriDUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 120.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate, shining : fascicles axillary, few-flowered. (^ . v^. G. Native of North America, in the vicinity of rivers, from Virginia to Florida. Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 184. G. seni- pervirens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 267. Bignonia sempervirens, Lin. spec. p. 869. Jacq. coll. 3. p. 258. Anonymos sempervirens, Walt. fl. car. p. 98. Lisianthus sempervirens. Mart. Mill. diet. no. 5. — Catesb. car. 1. p. 53. — Plukn. aim. 359. t. 112. f. 5. Flowers sweet-scented, yellow. Called, in America, Carolina Jessamine. Shining Gelsemium, or Carolina Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1640. Shrub cl. Cult. A pretty climbing shrub, of easy culture. The best soil for it is a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings strike root readily under a hand-glass. XXVIII PLECTANETA (meaning unknown.) Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 3o. Roem. coll. p. 203. Lin. syst. Penlandria Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft, or 5-toothed. Corolla with a short ventrlcose tube, and a twisted, coarctate limb. Anthers sessile, sagittate. Ovarium solitary. Style short; stigma capitate. Capsule follicular, very long, sub-tetragonal, 2-celled, probably composed of 2 joined follicles ; with introflexed, semmiferous edges. Seeds com- pressed, winged, fixed to the edges of the valves by slender funicles. Albumen thin. Embryo straight, with flat cotyledons. — A lactescent, twining shrub ; with opposite leaves, and small corymbose flowers. F"ruit like that of J?/n'Ho«ia. The genus is said to be nearly allied to Gelsemium by some, and by others to Plumiera, but totally distinct from both. 1 P. Thoua'rsii (Roem. et Schultz, syst. 4. p. 420.) I- . '^. S. Native of Madagascar. Petit Thouar's Plectaneia. Shrub tw-. Cull. For culture and propagation see Echttes, p. 76. Tribe V. TABERN.EMONTA^NE.'E. Fruit of 2 follicles, rarely soli- tary by abortion. Seeds neither tufted nor winged, usually nestling in the pulp of the fruit, usually albuminous. XXIX. TABERNtEMONTA'NA (so named by Plumier, in honour of James Theodore, surnamed Tal)erna;niontanus, from Berg-Zabern, the place where he was born. He published 88 APOCYNEvE. XXIX. Tabern,emontana. Kraeuteibucli, 1589, and Figures of Plants, 1590, in an oblong quarto form. He was physician to the Elector Palatine, and died in 1590.) Plum. gen. 30. Lin. gen. no. 301. Juss. 145. R. Br. prod. p. 467. <- /-. n Lin. syst. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla salver- shaped; limb 5-parted ; segments unequal-sided. Sta- mens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering to the stigma. Ova- ria 2. Style filiform ; stigma bifid, from the dilated base. Hypogynous glands wanting^? Follicles 2, ventricose. Seeds immersed in pulp. — Small trees. Leaves opposite. Stipidas interpetiolar, adnate at bottom, and loose at top. Cymes sub- dichotomous, interpetiolar. Calyx permanent. * Natives of New Holland. 1 T. orienta'lis (R. Br. prod. p. 468.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, as well as the branches ; bracteas subu- late, slowly deciduous. Tj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic; and of Malabar, if Rheede's Curuta Pala, nial. 1. p. S'J, t. 46, be the same which is T. alternifolia, Lin. in which there is not a specimen in his herbarium. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Follicles yellow, ex Rheede. Eastern Tabernaemontana. Shrub 6 feet. 2 T. pube'scens (R. Br. prod. p. 468.) leaves elliptic-oblong, sub-acuminated, downy beneath, as well as the branchlets ; branches of cyme erect, and are, as well as the calyxes, pilose ; bracteas very minute, caducous. I2 . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Down?/ Tabernsemontana. Shrub. 3 T. EBRACTEATA (R. Br. prod. p. 468.) leaves oval or elliptic, and are, as well as the cymes, downy ; branches and peduncles spreading, bractless. Ij . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Bractless Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. * * Natives of South America, and the West India Islands. 4 T. ciTRiFOLiA (Lin. spec. 210.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers in sub-umbellate, axillary fascicles, towards the tops of the branches. fj . S. Native of Jamaica, and other West India Islands. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1244, exclusive of the syn. of Jacq. Lam. ill. t. 170. f. 1.— Plum. icon. t. 248. f. 2. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Flowers beautiful yellow, sweet- scented. Segments of corolla narrow, elongated, bluntish. Teeth of calyx acute. Follicles acuminated, recurved. CJidiilated-\caved Tabernaemontana. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 21 T. Meye'ri ; leaves oblong, ending in a linear, obtuse acu- men, tapering into the petioles at the base, glabrous ; flowers terminal ; ovarium not girded by any scales, nor a glandular ring. (j . S. Native of Essequibo. T. undulata, Meyer, ess. p. 135. Calycine segments unequal, obtuse. Corolla with a downy throat. Meyer's Tabernasmontana. Tree. 22 T. spEciosA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 275.) leaves large, lanceo- late, acuminated, nerved beneath ; corymbs axillary, many- flowered. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. In the leaves this spe- cies is like T. macrophijlla. Leaves membranous, 8-10 inches long, acute at the base. Calycine segments obtuse. Corolla red, with a cylindrical tube ; segments of the limb ovate, much shorter than the tube. Showy Tabernaemontana. Tree or shrub. 23 T. POPULiFOLiA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 276.) leaves broad- ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers small, disposed in nearly terminal, panicled cymes ; bracteas ovate, acute, upper ones sub- ulate, f; . S. Native of South America. Leaves 1^ to 2 inches long, acute at the base. Branches of panicle very short. Corollas vvliite, small, hardly twice longer than the calyx, which is short. Poplar-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 24 T. MACRePHYLLA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 276.) leaves ovate, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers cymose ; cyme trifid at bottom, sub- umbellate, axillary : bracteas small, scale-like. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne. T. Cestroides, Nees, in act. bonn. 11. p. 83. Leaves 2 inches long, and 3 lines broad, bluntly acuminated, with a small mucrone. Peduncles opposite. Corollas white, with linear-oblong, obtuse segments, which are longer than the tube. Calycine segments short, obtuse. Lung-leaved I'abernsemontana. Shrub or tree. 25 T. PARVIFLORA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 276.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acute, glabrous ; flowers small, terminal, cymosely um- bellate ; bracteas scale-like, scarious. fj . S. Native of South America. Leaves 2 inches long, deep green above, but greenish yellow beneath. Pedicels furnished with a short, scarious scale at the base of each. SntaU-Jluwered Tabernaemontana. Shrub. 26 T. coria'cea (Link, herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, sjst. 4. p. 431.) leaves glabrous, oval, obtuse, somewhat acuminated, furnished with impressed dots beneath ; cymes dichotomous, in the forks of the branches. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Branch- lets bearing 2 leaves at the apex. Calycine teeth roundish, obtuse. Corolla having the tube nearly an inch long, and the segments obtuse. Coriaceous-\(dd\eA Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 27 T. MULTIFLORA (Link, 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated, sub-repand, glabrous ; panicles dichoiomous in the forks of the branches. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and ll broad. Tube of corolla 3 times longer than the calyx. Segments ovate, obtuse, much shorter than the tube. Mnny-Jloncred Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 28 ']'. murica'ta (Link. I. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, with hullately elevated veins beneath, and impressed dots, and with sub-repand margins ; flo vers cymose. tj . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves a span long. Calycine teeth short, obtuse. Corolla having the tube almost an inch long, filiform ; and ob- long segments. Follicles muricatcd. Murieated Tabernsmontana. Shrub or tree. N 90 APOCYNEiE. XXIX. Tabern^moniana. 29 T. FLAvicANs (Willil. herb. e.\ Roem. et Schulles, syst. 4. p. 797.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, bluntisli, glabrous, ta- pering at both ends ; peduncles racemose, 3-4-flowered, scaly. It . S. Native of Brazil. Corolla ^^ inch long. Yellowish Tabernscmontana. Shrub or tree. 30 T. flave'scens (Willd. herb. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumi- nated ; flowers umbellate. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves broader, and less acuminated than those of T. Jlavlcans : having woody, scaly buds in the axils of the leaves, from which nume- rous 1- flowered pedicels rise. Yellonish Tabernsemontana. Shrub or tree. f Calyx deciduous. Styles S, distinct. The species contained in this division mill j^^'obably form a new genus. Leaves glandless at the base. 31 T. JASMiNOiDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p 225.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, sub-acuminated ; corymbs di- chotomous, many-flowered ; calycine segments ovate, bluntisli, 4 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of co- rolla obovate-oblong, roundish, curled, h . S. Native of New Granada, near Turbaco, where it is called Jasminillo ; and Cumana, where it is called Lyrio del Monte. Rauwolfia laevi- gata, Wilkl. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 105. Leaves membranous, 3-4 inches long. Flowers size of those of Jasmine, white. Ovarium girded by glands. Jasmine-like Taberucemontana. Fl. June. Tree or shrub. 32 T. UMBROSA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 22C.) glabrous; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute; corymbs sub-dichotomous; caly- cine segments lanceolate, acute, 5-6 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla dimidiately obovate, roundish. fj . S. Native of New Andalusia, in sliady places, near Bor- dones and Cumanacoa. Leaves membranous, 'Z~ inches long. Flowers white. Ovaria girded by 5 scale-formed, parted glands. This difltrs from the preceding in the form of the leaves and calyx. iSViarferf Tabernajmontaiia. Fi. Sept. Tree. 3H T. PSYCHOTRioiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 227.) glabrous; leaves obovate, acute ; peduncles dichotomous, corymbosely crowded; calycine segments lanceolate, G-7 times shorter than the tube of the corolla, recurved at the apex ; segments of co- rolla half obovate, curled. Ij . S. Native along with the pre- ceding. Branchlets whitish. Leaves 3^ inches long. Flowers white, about the size of those of Jasmlnum friiticans. Ovaria lagenaeform. Psychotria-like Tabernaemontana. Tree ? 34 T. tetrasta'chya (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, acuminated, with obsoletely repand, undulated edges ; peduncles dichotomous, of 4 spikes ; calycine segments somewhat orbicularly- ovate, rounded at apex, 4 or 5 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla ob- liquely oblong. tj . S. Native of New Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena, between Morales and Tenerifl^e. Leaves membranous, (j-7 inches long, and 2 or 2|^ broad. Flowers while, about the size of those of Jasmmum officinale. Scales many, in the bottom of the calyx. Said to be nearly allied to T. Sananlio, Ruiz, et Pav. foMr-ipj/rec/Tabernajniontana. Fl. April. Tree. * * * Species natives of the African Islands. 35 T. persicari.efolia (Jacq. coll. 4. p. 139. icon. t. 320.) leaves long, lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous ; pe- duncles axillary, many-flowered, dichotomous; bracteas small, lanceolate, acute. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Leaves linear-lanceolate, pale green, sub-undulated : with white veins. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Corolla cream-coloured, having the tube contracted in the middle, and the limb reflexed ; segments of the limb wedge-shaped, undulated, oblique. Persicaria-leaved Tabernxmontana. Clt. 1S19. Tree 10 ft. 30 T. Mauritia^na (Poir. diet. 7. p. 530.) leaves ovate, ob- tuse, membranou , glabrous; flowers in a.xillary racemes ; ra- cemes articulated, brittle, very short, drooping a little, and a little branched ; corolla funnel-shaped. fj . S. Native of the Mauritius, and the East Indies. Branches beset with small white tubercles. Leaves rounded at both ends, shining above, and paler beneath, and hardly downy, soft to the touch, 3-4 inches long, and 2,V broad. Calycine segments obtuse. Corolla cream-coloured ; tube narrow in the middle, and inflated at both ends ; lobes obtuse. Mauritian Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 37 T. Telfairia'na (Wall, in hot. reg. under no. 1273.) leaves oval, very blunt at both ends ; peduncles sub-axillary, twice or thrice forked ; calycine segments oval, bluntish ; seg- ments of corolla oblong, about equal in length to the tube. Ij . S. Native of the Mauritius. Probably different from T. Mauritidna. Telfair s Tabernaemontana. Shrub. 38 T. obtusifolia (Poir. suppl. 5. p, 276.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, cuneated at the base, and rounded at the apex ; flowers racemose. Ij . S. Native of Madagascar. Leaves nearly 8 inches long, and 2 broad, glabrous, thin. Corolla tubular ; segments ovate, acute, a little recurved. Obtuse-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. * * * * Species native of New Guinea. 39 T. Panda'cqui (Poir. diet. 7. p. 529.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, glabrous, acuminated ; corymbs axillary, sub-umbellate. f; . S. Native of New Guinea. Pandacqui, Sunn. voy. en guin. p. 49. t. 1 9. Leaves membranous, nearly 3 inches long, with arched yellowish nerves. Flowers white. Calycine seg- ments obtuse. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, and short, linear segments. Style bifurcate at the base. Pandacqui Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. ***** Natives of Asia. 40 T. bufalina (Lour. coch. 117.) leaves lanceolate, shining; peduncles 1 -flowered, pendulous. H . G. Native of Cochin- china. Corolla with a long, slender, cylindrical tube, which is ventricose at the base. Follicles rather ventricose, divaricate, acuminated, torulose, resembling buffalos' horns. Seeds im- bedded in red pulp. Buffalo's Tabcrn£emontana. Shrub 5 feet. 41 T. bovIna (Lour. coch. 117.) leaves lanceolate, glabrous; peduncles axillary, solitary, many-flowered. fj . G. Native of Cochinchina. Branches reclinate. Flowers white. Follicles horizontal, recurved, short, ventricose, acuminated, resembling oxen's horns. Seeds imbedded in red pulp. Ox's Tabernaemontana. Shrub 4 feet. 42 T. corona'ria (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d vol. 2. p. 72. Willd. enum. 1. p. 275.) leaves elliptic or oblong, bluntly acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles from the forks of the branches twin, 1-3-flowered ; bracteas deciduous ; calycine teeth very short, rounded ; anthers exserted ; stigma undivid< d ; follicles torulose. f; . S. Native of the East Indies, every where, in gardens ; but seemingly wild, according to Wallich, in the forestsof Lower Nipaul, about the Hetounda ; and of Singapore. Nerium divaricatum, Lin. fl. zeyl. 109. Willd. spec. 1236. Nerium coron'^rium. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p 297. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 52. coll. 1. p. 269. no. 8. Lodd. bot. cab. 406.— Burm. fl. zeyl. 129. t. 59.— Rumph. amb. 4. p. 87. t. 39.— Rheed. mal. 2. p. 105. t. 54, 55. Flowers pure white, very sweet- scented, with a yellowish tube. There is a double-flowering variety of it, see bot. mag. 1865. Tbe Nerium divaricatum, Thunb. jap. p. 110, is very different from this, and does APOCYNE;E. XXIX. Tabernjemontana. 91 hot belong to the present genus, nor even probably to the order. Garland Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1770. Shrub 4 10 6 feet. 43 T. ? divarica'ta ; leaves ovate, undulated, shining ; branches divaricate ; flowers croivded, terminal. ^^.G. Native of Cochinchina. Nerium divaricatum. Lour, coch, p. 115., but not of Lin. Flowers reddish yellow. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube, and a reflexed limb. Corona in the throat of the tube composed of short subulate segments. Anthers con- niving into a cone in the throat. Stigma ovate. Follicles long, joined a little at the base, erect. Seeds pappose. Z)!i)aric«(e-branclied Tabernaemontana. Tree small. 44 T. recu'rva (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 2. fl. ind. 1. p. 20.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, imdulated, glabrous; calycine teeth ovate; segments of corolla convex, of two forms, crenulated ; cymes divaricate ; flowers drooping. h . S. Native of the East Indies. T. gratissima, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1084. Flowers whitish-yellow, sweet-scented. Like T. coronarium. Beciirred-ftowcred Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1824. Tree small. 45 T. DENsiFLoRA (Wall, in bol. reg. t. 1273.) leaves lan- ceolate, acuminated, approximate, sometimes 3 in a whorl ; cymes many-flowered, on short peduncles ; calycine segments and bracteas linear-lanceolate, acute ; limb of corolla about equal in length to the tube ; follicles 1 -seeded. Pj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Dense-Jloivered Tabernaemontana. Fl. June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 46 T. cRisPA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 20. fl. ind. 1. p. 24.) leaves oblong, undulated ; peduncles few-flowered ; pedicels elongated ; calyx deeply 5-parted ; segments broad-ovate, fo- liaceous. ^^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps Curata- Pala, Rlieed. mal. Cwr/crf-leavcd Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 47 T. DicHOTOMA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 20. fl. ind. 1. p. 21.) leaves oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, .shining, with many parallel nerves beneath ; cymes elongated, dichotomous ; calycine seg- ments obtuse; segments of corolla oblong-falcate, about equal in length to the tube. ^i . S. Native of Ceylon ^nd Malabar. Flowers yellowish, delightfully fragrant. Dichotomous Tabernaemontana. Tree 12 to 16 feet. 48 T. PAuciFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1028.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, long-acuminated, membranous, glabrous ; fascicles of flowers twin, bifid, few-flowered, furnished with setaceous bracteoles ; segments of corolla obliquely rounded, flat. Jj . S. Native of Java, among bushes, about Rompien. Allied to T. Jloribunda. FcTv-fiowcred Tabernaemontana. Fl. year. Tree. id T. FLORiBUNDA (Blum. bijdr. p. 1028.) leaves oblong, blnntish at the apex, acute at the base, membranous, glabrous ; corymbs twin, dichotomous, divaricate, many-flowered, bractless ; corolline segments obtuse, sub-undulated. I7 . S. Native of Java, on the mountains, where it is called Susu-monding. Al- lied to T. d'waricata. liinid/e-Jlon ( red Tahernsemontana. Fl. year. Tree. 50 T. coRYMBosA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1 . p.25. Wall, in bot. reg. under no. 1273.) leaves oblong-elliptic, bluntly acuminated, attenuated upwards; cymes many-flowered, on long peduncles; calycine segments ovate, acutish ; segments of corolla somewhat obovate, and 3 times shorter than the tube, H . S. Native of Prince of Wales Island. Corymho.se Taberneemontana. Tree or shrub. 51 T. Heynea'na (Wall. 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated ; peduncles few -flowered ; calycine segments obtuse ; segments of corolla obovate-curled, about equal in length to the tube. J; . S. Native of the East Indies. T. cori/mbusa and 7\ oblonga, Heyne, mss. Heyne's Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 52 T. peduncula'ris (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, ending in a very slender acumen, transversely nerved beneath ; peduncles filiform, very long ; pedicels sub-umbellate ; follicles pedicellate, ovate, a little beaked. Pj . S. Native of Pulo- Penang. Peduncular Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 53 T. guaciliflora (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong, sub-caudattly acuminated ; peduncles axillary, very long ; flowers sub-race- mose ; lobes of calyx ovate, acute ; segments of corolla oblong, and 3 times shorter than the tube, which is very slender, H . S. Native of Martaban, in Moolmeyne ; and Amherst. Slcndcr-Jlorvered Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 54 T. cALYciNA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate ; peduncles few-flowered ; flowers on short pedicels, sub-fasciculate; calycine segments and bracteas at length decaying or falling ofl'', elon- gated and linear ; lobes of corolla lanceolate, one half shorter than the tube. fj . S. Native of Tavoy, on the coast of Tenasserin. Lrirge-cali/xed Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 55 T. rostra^ta (Wall. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, with a very slender acumen ; peduncles few-flowered ; calycine segments sub-ligulate ; tube of corolla slender, tumid, and bearing the stamens in the middle, longer than the limb ; follicles ob- long, bi-carinated above, and attenuately beaked. Ij. S. Native of the East Indies, on the lime hills of Segaen. Beaked Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 56 T. subcafita'ta (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate; peduncles slender, with many crowded flowers at the apex ; pedicels short ; calycine segments ovate, acute ; segments of corolla nearly ovate, about equal in length to the tube. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. S'ub-capi/ate-f\o\\ered Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 57 T. microca'rpa (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated ; jieduncles few-flowered, in fascicles; follicles sessile, ovate, 1- seeded. h . S. Native of the Burmese Empire, on the moun- tains called Taong Dong, near Ava. This, with T. macrocarpa. Jack., may form a distinct genus, from the follicles being 1-seeded. Small-fruited Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 58 T. sALiciFOLiA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, at- tenuately acuminated, with undulated edges, glaucous beneath ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. T. parviflora, Heyne, herb. WtUow-lcaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 59 T. macroca'rpa (Jack, m mal. misc. 2. no. 8. p. 80.) leaves ovate-elliptic, attentiated at the base ; corymbs terminal, dichotomous; follicles large, nearly globose, 1-seeded. J; . S. Native of Bencoolen. Large-fruited Tabernaemontana. Tree large. 60 T. spii.eroca'rpa (Blum, bijdr. p. 1028.) leaves elliptic, oblong, obtuse, acute at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, one smaller than the other ; corymbs twin, dichotomous, cymosely many-flowered, bracteolate ; segments of corolla rounded, undu- lated ; fruit apple-shaped. I7 . S. Native of J.ava, among bushes, about Linga Jattie, in the province of Cheribon, where it is called H anij)ru-badak . Round-fruited Tabernaemontana. Fl. Oct. Tree. 61 T.? nervosa (Desf. hort. par. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 275.) leaves oblong, obtuse, much nerved, tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers unknown. A^fjiicrf-leaved Taberna;montana. Shrub or tree. 02 T. PARViiioRA (Nouv. ann. mus. 3. p. 379.) leaves ui,- equal, lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous, on short petioles ; N 2 92 APOCYNE^. XXX. Cameraria. XXXI. Vahea. XXXII. Voacanga. XXXIII. Rejoua. cymes sub-dichotomous, pedunculate, many-flowered ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse ; segments of corolla oblong, oblique ; follicles 2-seeded, ovate, beaked, fulvous. H . S. Native of the Island of Timor. Corolla white. Cotyledons bipartite, as in the genus Amsynkia in the order Boraginece. Small -flowered Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. f The three following are doubtful species of the genus, in the glands at the base of the calyx girding the ovarium beyond the corolla and hi)pogynous ring. 63 T. VERRUCOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1029.) stem climbing; branches warted ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, umbellately trifid at the apex. ^ . S. Na- tive of Java, in woods, on Mount Salak. /raWcrf-branched Tabernaemontana. Fl. Dec. Shrub cl. 64. T. polya'ntiia (Blum, bijdr. p. 1029.) climbing; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers disposed in panicled fascicles, axillary and terminal, small, b . ^. S. Na- tive of Java, on Mount Salak, and the Seribu mountains, where it is called Tjunkankan. Many-flowered Tabernasmontana. Fl. Nov. Shrub cl. 65 T. orienia'lis (Blum, bijdr. 1026.) stem sarmentose ; leaves lanceolate, parallel- veined, glabrous; cymes compound, axillary ; crown of the throat furrowed. Ij . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, in woods ; and of the Island of Nusae- Kambanga. Eastern Tabernasmontana. Shrub straggling. -f- f Doubtful species. 66 T. ? Lu^ciDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 209.) glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the apex, cu- neately narrowed at the base ; corymbs dichotomous ; calyx small, with ovate, obtuse segments. Ij.S. Native of South America. Psychotria ? lijcida, Roem. et Sehultes, syst. 4. p. 189. Branches rather compressed. Leaves 3-3|^ inches long. Corolla funnel-shapid, white ; segments oblong, revolute at the apex. Berry edible, fleshy, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds oblong, convex on one side, and flat on the other. Shining-\ea.\iA Tabernaemontana. Tree 20 feet. Ctdt. Shrubs and trees of easy culture ; some of them very elegant when in flower ; and the flowers of all are fragrant. The soil best suited for them is a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings of them strike root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. XXX. CAMERA'RIA (so named by Plumier, from Joachim Camerarius, a physician and botanist of Nuremberg, who pub- lished an edition of Matthiolus in Latin and German, with new figures and many observations). Plum. gen. 18. t. 29., Lin. gen. no. 300. Juss. 115. Lam. ill. 173. LiN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, 5-tootlied, acute. Corolla of a funnel-salver shape ; tube long, cylindrical, ventricose at the base and ajjex ; segments of the limb une(pial- sided. Stamens inserted at the tube ; anthers acuminated, con- nivent, drawn out into a thread. Style hardly any ; stigmas obsolete. Follicles 2, reflexed, horizontal, obtuse, emitting a lobe on each side at the base. Seeds numerous, inserted in a i)eculiar membrane. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite. Peduncles axillary, and in the forks of the branches 1 or many- flowered. Flowers beautiful yellow. 1 C. LATiFOLiA (Jacq. amer. p. 37 t. 182. f. 86. edit. pict. p. 24. t. 39.) leaves ovate, acute, shining ; flowers terminal, co- rymbose, fj . S. Native of Cuba, Jamaica, and St. Domingo. Andr. bot. rep. t. 261. Tratt. tab. t. 715. Lam. ill. t. 173. fr2. Plum. icon. t. 72. f. 1. An elegant tree, with forked branches. Corollas white, with a yellow base. Broad-leaved Camerarxa. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1733. Tr. 20 to 30 ft. 2 C. ANOusTiFOLiA (Lin. spec. p. 308.) leaves linear. I7 . S. Native of South America. Lam. ill. t. 173. f. 3. Plum. icon. t. 72. f. 2. Mill. diet. no. 2. Flowers and fruit as in C. lati- folia, but smaller, as is the whole plant. Narro7v-leaved Cameraria. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1752. Sh. 8 ft. 3 C. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 262.) leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous; flowers small, axillary, sweet-scented. (^ . S. Native of Guiana. C. lutea ft, Lam. diet. 1. p. 573. Guiana Cameraria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana. XXXI. VA'HEA (meaning unknown to us). Lam. ill. t. 169. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 409. Urce6!a, Roxb. in asiat. res. 5. p. 167. but not of Vandelli. LiN. sYST. Pcntandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped, with an elongated tube, which is ventri- cose at the base, and a S-cleft limb ; segments twisted (ex Lam. ill. t. 169.) Corolla urceolate. Ovarium girded by a cylin- drical entire urceolus. Stamens inserted in the bottom of the corolla; anthers sagittate. Follicles 2, 1-celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous, imbedded in pulp. Roxb. asiat. res. 5. p. 167. Spreng. in Schrad. journ. bot. 1800. 2. p. 236 — A glabrous tree or shrub, with terete branches, opposite leaves, and terminal cymes of flowers. 1 V. GUMMiFERA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 409.). Jj . ^. ? S. Native of Madagascar and the East Indies. Urceola elastica, Roxb. asiat. res. 5. p. 167. 175. ? Tabernaemontana elastica, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 639. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-obovate, obtuse, shining, nerved, quite entire, 2 inches long. Bracteas small, at the base of the pedicels (ex Poir.). Shrub climbing. Leaves ovate, acuminated, ribbed. Flowers panicled. Tl)e juice which comes from this shrub is one of those which con- stitute India rubber or caoutchouc. Gum-bearing Vahea. Shrub cl. ? Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana. XXXII. VOACA'NGA (meaning unknown to us). Pet.Th. gen. mad. no. 32. Lin. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx of 5 involute segments. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a spreading, twisted limb, and broad segments. Anthers sessile, sagittate, inserted in the throat of the corolla. Ovarium didymous, seated on a fleshy receptacle. Style short ; stigma double ; lower one pel- tate : upper one 3-lobed ; with 2 tubercles at top. Follicles 2, baccate, spherical, large. Seeds numerous, nestling in pulp. — A tree, with large, opposite leaves. Flowers disposed in ter- minal, corymbose panicles. Fruit variegated from warts. 1 V. 1 houa'rsii (Roem. et Sehultes, syst. 4. p. 439.). I^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Petit Thouars' Voacanga. Tree. Cult- For culture and propagation see TabcrncEmoidana. XXXIII. REJOU'A (named in honour of M. Rej.m, chief physician and professor of botany and chemistry of the Marine of FVance; author of many important memoires on the secre- tion of vegetables). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. part. bot. p. 450. pi. 61. Lin. SYST. Pentandria, Monogijnia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, with an elongated tube, which is inflated beneath the middle, bearing stamens every where inside ; limb 5-parted, spreading much ; segments obliquely ovate, equal, shorter than the tube. Stamens 5 ; filaments very short ; an- thers cordate-sagittate, fixed by their base, free, inclosed. Ovaria twin. Styles 2, combined ; stigma sub-clavatc, bicus- pidate at apex. Fruit roundish-elliptic, sub-umbilicate, many- seeded, not dehiscent ; rind membranous ; pulp dry, cellular APOCYNE/E. XXXIV. Orchipeda. XXXV. Plumiera. 93 shining. Seeds nestlins; in the pulp, ovate, compressed, wrin- kled, bay-coloured externally. — An unarmed tree. Leaves opposite, oblong-laiicenlate, membranous. Panicles terminal, pedunculate, bractcate. Flowers scattered, greenish white. Fruit large, of a reddish orange colour, and of the shape of an orange. 1 R. AURANTiACA (Gaud. 1. c. p. 451. t. (51.). I; . S. Native of the Moluccas, in the island of Raddak. Tabernnemontana auranliaca. Gaud. gen. p. .50. and 55. Oraji^e-fruited Rejoua. Tree. Cult. See Taberneemontatm, p. 92. for culture and propagation. XXXIV. ORCHIPFDA (meaning unknown to us). Blume, bijdr. p. 10J6. LiN. SY>T. Pcntandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, deci- duous ; limb bluntly 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped : having the throat half closed inside by a tumid ring ; tube length of calyx, inflated in the middle ; limb spreading, 5-lobed. Sta- mens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering to the stigma. Ovarium didymous, girded by a ring. Style 1 ; stigma conical, 5-angled: with 2 notches at top. Drupes twin, fleshy, globose, 1 -celled, pulpy inside, dehiscing at the side. Seeds numerous, wrinkled, convolutely 2-lobed at one side. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons foliaceous. — A tree, with opposite, oblong, glabrous, leaves ; and lateral and terminal, bifid, few-flowered peduncles. 1 O. FfE'TiDA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1027.). f; . S. Native of Java, among bushes on the mountains, where it is called Hampru- badak. Fetid Ochipeda. Fl. year. Tree. Cull. See Tabernnemontana, p. 92. for culture and propagation. XXXV. PLUMIE'RA (so named by Tournefort, in honour of Charles Plumier, of Marseilles, a Franciscan traveller in South America, and author of several excellent works, as Plantae Americanse, 1693, and by Burmann in 1755.; Genera, 170.'!; Fougeres Americaines, 1705, &c.). Tourn. coral, t. 439. Ijin. gen. 298. Juss. 45. Lam. ill. t. 173. f. 2. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted, blunt. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a long, slender tube ; seg- ments of the limb oblong, unequal-sided : throat scaleless. Stamens inserted in the middle or base of the tube of the co- rolla, inclosed, free ; anthers connivent. Style hardly any ; stigma thick, emarginate ; ovaria 2, immersed in a fleshy ring. Follicles 2, long, acuminated, ventricose, spreading or bent up- wards. Seeds numerous, oblong, imbricated, ending in a peculiar membrane at the base. — Trees or shrubs, with thick, fleshy branches. Leaves alternate, forming tufts at the tops of the branches. Peduncles terminal, corymbose. Flowers showy. 1 P. ru'bra (Jacq. amer. p. 35. pict. p. 23. Lin. hort. cliflf. p. 76. spec. 306.) leaves obovate-oblong, acute, with flat edges, glabrous ; peduncles elongated, trifid ; flowers crowded in fascicles ; corollas red. h . S. Native of Jamaica, Surinam, and the main land of South America. Curt. bot. mag. t. 279. — Cate-sb. car. 2. t. 9'.'. — -Ehret. pict. t. 10. Trew. ehret. t. 41. —Sloan, hist. 2. p. 61. t. 185. f. 1. and t. 186. f. 1.— Merian, surin. t. 8.— Plukn. aim. 109. t. 207. f. 2. Peduncles downy. Corolla red, with a pilose throat, and obliquely obovate-oblong segments, which are rounded at the apex. The flowers are so sweet as well as beautiful, that the women of South America adorn themselves with them, and put them among linen to scent it, as we do lavender. It is called by the French in the West Indies Frangipanie ronge. Ped-noneied Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. Tree 12 to 20 feet. 2 P. ? arbore'scens ; leaves ovate-oblong, flat ; petioles biglandular ; flowers twin, disposed in terminal spikes. V^ . S. Native of Jamaica. — Lin. hort. cliff, p. 76. Brown, jam. p. 181. Flowers red. Arborescent Plumiera. Tree 10 to 12 feet. 3 P. PURPUREA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 20. t. 137.) leaves oblong-ovate, with revolute edges ; flowers terminal, cymose ; corollas reddish purple. Tj . S. Native of Peru, in gardens. Petioles biglandular. Corollas sweet-scented, purple, with a yellow hairy throat, smaller than the other species. Perhaps P. incarnala, P. carinata, and P. tricolor are only varieties of P. purpurea, differing in the size and colour of the flowers. In Peru the corollas are used by the women to ornament their hair. Purple V\\xm\erA. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tr. 20 ft. 4 P. incarna'ta (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 138.) leaves ovate- oblong, acute ; flowers cymose ; corollas flesh-coloured, with a fulvous disk. ^ . S. Native of Peru. Cymes subumbellate. /'Yt'sA-cofewred-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 5 P. carina'ta (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 21.) leaves oblong- ovate, acuminated, keeled : with flat, red edges ; corollas large, 3-coloured. fj . S. Native of Peru. Very nearly allied to P. incarnala, but differs in the edges of the leaves being usually red. Corollas yellow, with tbe centre white outside in the mid- dle, and reddish above. Calyx red. A'fc/erf-leaved Plumiera. Tree 25 feet. 6 P. TRICOLOR (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 139.) leaves oblong, acute, and acuminated: with flat, veiny edges ; flowers corym- bose ; corollas tricoloured. H . S. Native of Peru. Leaves with' red veins. Corolla with a red tube, a copper-coloured throat, and the limb white, tinged with red. 7Vico/o«rerf-flowered Plumiera. Tree 30 feet. 7 P. Ke'rrii; leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at both ends, entire, with parallel veins and flat edges ; peduncles terminal, cymose • corollas with a yellow throat, white above the yellow part, and red round the margins of the segments. Jj . S. Na- tive of Mexico. P. tricolor, Ker. bot. reg. 510. but not of Ruiz et Pav. A'cr's Plumiera. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1815. Tree 15 feet. 8 P. Mille'ri ; leaves ovate-oblong ; flowers corymbose ; corollas flesh-coloured. \ • S. Native of St. Christopher. P. incarnala. Mill. diet. no. 2. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Very nearly allied to P. rilbra, but of more humble growth, and the leaves are thicker and more veiny. Flowers 10 or more in each corymb. M(//er'« Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Tree or shrub. 9 P. BicoLOR (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 140.) leaves oblong, acu- minated : with flat edges ; flowers corymbose ; corollas cream- coloured : with a curved tube, yellow throat, and milk white limb. Ij . S. Native of Peru. rn/o-co/ojo erf-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1815. Tree 25 feet. 10 P. lu'tea (Ruiz et Pav. I. c. t. 142.) leaves oblong-obo- vate, acuminated ; flowers corymbose ; corollas yellow, varie- gated with white. It . S. Native of Peru. Tube of corolla curved, yellowish. yt'//oni-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. Tr. 15 feet. 11 P. a'lba (Jacq. amer. 36. t. 174. f. 12. ed. pict. t. 38. Lin. spec. p. 307.) leaves lanceolate-oblong; with revolute edges, acuminated ; peduncles thickened at top, corymbose ; corollas white: with a yellow throat. tj . S. Native of the West Indies, as of Jamaica and Martinico, and of the main land of South America.— Plum. icon. t. 231.— Commel. hort. 2. p. 47. t. 24. Corolla with a very long, thick, incurved tube, and obovate-oblong oblique segments. Follicles reflexed. Flowers spicate, ambrosiacal, exciting cephalalgia, Lin. Leaves 94 APOCYNEiE. XXXV. Plumiera. XXXVl. Conopharvngia. a toot long. Called by the Frencli in Martinico Frangipanie blanc. I'ar. /3 ; fra grantissima (H. B. et Kuiitli, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 2^0.) leaves obovate-lanceolate, short-acuminated, with flat edges, glabrous except the nerve and veins, which are downy beneath ; flowers paniculately spicate, very fragrant ; corolla witii a white limb and yellow throat. h • ^- Native of New Granada, and Peru, in the gardens of the Indians. Tree 40 feet high. P. bicolor, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 21. t. 141. ? 'I'ube of corolla green, and ventricose at the base ; segments of tlie limb obovate-oblong, obtuse, equal : throat hairy. I ar. y, inodora ; stem with very few branches, about 8 feet high ; flowers white, scentless, large. T? . S. Native of Car- thagena, in woods. P. inodora, Jacq. amer. p. 36. Leaves like those of P. rubra. «'A;us. f^ . S. Native of Norfolk Island, in shady humid parts of woods. Wall, cat 1650. Endlicher, prod. fl. norf. p. 58. Bauer, ill. pi. norf. t. 119. A. Forsten, Cun- ningh. mss. 1830. Gynopogon Alyxia, Forst. prod. no. 118. Gynopogon A\y^\a. Clt.? Shrub. 10 A. DAFUNoiDES (Cuuniiig. in bot. mag. t. 3313.) flowers sessile, axillary, or terminal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate- oblong, elliptic, or rhomboid, obtuse, smooth, shining, veiny beneath ; stigma tipped by a short, pencil-like beard ; branches straight, tomentose, scabrous. Jj . S. Native of Norfolk Island, in dry shady woods. Dapliiie-iike A\yx.\a. Clt. 1831. Shrub. 11 A. KUscii'OLiA (R. Br. prod, p 470.) flowers almost ses- sile, terminal; leaves 4 or 3 in a whorl, broad-elliptic or ellip- tic-lanceolate, acute, mueronate : the mucrone spiny ; veins acute, angular ; the surfaces and margins rather roughish ; stigma truncate at apex, pencilled. I^ . S. Native of the south coast of New South Wales. Lodd. bot. cab. 1811. Cunningh. in bot. mag. 3312. A. Richardsonii, Sweet. I ar. ft, pugioniformis (Cunningh. mss. 1828. and 1. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, mueronate. Fj . S. Native of Morton Bay. Ruscus-leaved \\y\\a. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. * * Leaves opposite. 12 A. sulca'ta (Hook. ann. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 90.) leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse, rather membranous, shining on both surfaces, obsoletely and parallelly veined ; peduncles axil- lary, solitary, 3-flowered, one half shorter than the leaves ; fruit olive-formed, furrowed longitudinally. Ij . S. Native of tl e Sandwich Islands. F«rrowf (/-fruited Alyxia. Shrub. 13 A. sca'ndens (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 440.) pe- duncles axillary, 3-flowered, lonoer than the petioles ; leaves opposite, oval, oblong-elliptic, bluntly acuminated, shining, with parallel veins; branches climbing. fj.,^. S. Native of the Society Islands. Gynopogon scandens, Forst. prod. no. 1 19. Climbing Alyxia. Shrub cl. 14 A. BuxiFOLiA (R. Br. prod. p. 470.) flowers usually twin, interpetiolar ; leaves opposite, oval or obovate, smooth on both surfaces, terminating in a callous point ; stigma much bearded. '7 . S. Native of New South Wales, on the east and south coasts ; also of the island in Bass Straits, as also in the northern regions of Van Diemen's Land. Box-leaved Alyxia. Shrub. APOCYNE^. XL. Cerbera. XLI. Tangiiinia. 97 15 A. odora'ta (Wall. cal. no. 160G.) peduncles axillary, 3-flovverecl ; leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, obovate-elliptic, tapering much to the base. ^ . S. Native of Cliapedong. Sivcct-sccnted Alyxia. Shrub. 16 A. glauce'scens (Wall. cat. no. 1607.) leaves opposite, oblong, coriaceous, shining above, glaucous beneath ; corymbs axillarv, many-flowered; throat of corolla crowned. f; . S. Native of the Straits of Malacca. Glaucesccnt Alyxia. Shrub. Cull. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. XL. CE'RBERA (so nained from Cerberus, on account of its poisonous qualities). Lin. gen. no. 294. Juss. 149. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 223. Blum, bijdr. p. 1031. — Ahoiiai, I'ourn. inst. 434. Jacq. amer. 48. Thevetia, Juss. in ann. mus. 15. p. 346. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; seg- ments permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube pilose inside at top ; throat 5-toothed : teeth opposite the anthers ; limb 5- cleft ; segments oblique, or unequal-sided. Anthers seated on the top of the tube, almost sessile, inclosed, ovate, adhering to the stigma. Ovarium didynious, girded by 5 hypogynous scales or glands. Style filiform, didymous ; stigma discoid: having the margin crenulated below, but convex and emarginate above. Drupes twin, one of them usually abortive, containing a fibry semi-bivalved, 1 -celled putamen ; cells divided into two divi- sions by the moveable dissepiment. Seeds usually solitary. — Lactescent trees or shrubs. Leaves scattered, quite entire. Peduncles extra-axillary at the tops of the branches. Flowers showy yellow or white. 1 C. Theve'tia (Jacq. amer, 48. t. 34. ed. pict. t. 47.) leaves linear, with sub-revolute edges, almost veinless, glabrous ; pe- duncles generally 1 -flowered ; calycine segments ovate, lanceo- late, acute, 3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. '^ . S. Native of New Granada, in hot places ; Mexico, Cuba, Marti- nico, &c. Lin. spec. 303. Lam. ill. t. 170. f. 2. Hook. hot. mag. 2309 Plum. icon. t. 18 — Pluk. aim. p. 253. t. 207. f. 3. — Hern. mex. 443. f. 3. Axils of leaves furnished with some subulate scales. Corollas yellow. Drupe half orbicular, trun- cate at top, 2-celled, size of a bean ; cells bipartite. r/ifDfi'i Cerbera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1735. Tree 12 ft. 2 C. THEVETioiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 223.) leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, veiny, glabrous, with re- volute edges: nerves and veins pilose beneath ; flowers crowded at the tops of the branches, on short peduncles, sometimes 2 on a single peduncle ; calycine segments oblong-lanceolate, acutish, .3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla. I7 . S. Native of New Spain, in temperate places, near the town of Tasco. Leaves 4^ inches long. Segments of corolla dimidiately obovate. Drupe globose, size of an apple. Corollas yellow. Thcvetia-likeCerher!).. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. Tree 12 ft. 3 C. Peruviana (Pers. ench. 1. p. 267.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, crowded, glabrous ; peduncles short, few-flowered. f; . S. Native of Peru, in woods. C. Thevetia, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 27. t. 153. f. b. C. Thevetia fl, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 261.? According to Cav. descr. p. 108. this differs from Thevetia in the ovarium being tetragonal, not round, in the peduncles being few-flowered, not 1 -flowered. Corollas yellow, with wedge-shaped, oblique, truncate segments, and a villous throat : having 5 subulate teeth, closing the tube. Peruvian Cerbera. Tree 12 feet. 4 C. Ahou'ai (Lin. spec. 1 . p. 303.) leaves ovate, acute, glabrous; peduncles terminal, short, 6-7-flowered ; calycine seg- ments reflexed ; segments of corolla undulated. Ij . S. Na- tive of Brazil. Curt. bot. mag. 737. Andr. rep. 231. Lam. ill. 2. p. 193. t. 170. f. 1. C. Thevetia, Lin. hort. cliff", p. 75. VOt. IV. Ahouai, Thev. antarct. p. 66. Corollas pale yellow. The wood is very fetid ; and the fruit is a deadly poison. The Indians are said to put small stones into the empty nuts, string them, and fasten them about their legs when they dance. /^Aoi/ai Cerbera. Fl. June, Jidy. Clt. 1739. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 5 C. ova'ta (Cav. icon. 3. p. 35. t. 270.) leaves oblong- ovate, green above, rather downy beneath, and yellowish ; flowers terminal, usually 5 together ; calycine segments ovate, acute, reflexed ; segments of corolla arched. I? . S. Native of New Spain. Corolla yellow. Fruit nearly globose, size of a walnut, compressed, bluntly truncate. Oort^e-leaved Cerbera. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 6 C. cuNEiroLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 224.) leaves oblong-cuneated, rounded at the apex, puberulous above and downy beneath ; peduncles sub-dichotomous, few-flowered ; calycine segments oblong, acute, hardly shorter than the tube of the corolla; segments of corolla dimidiately obovate. [7. G. Native of Mexico, on the western declivities of the mountains, between Zumpango and Mescalo. Leaves 3 inches long, and an inch broad at top, with some scales in their axils. Peduncles hairy. Corollas yellow ? JVedge-leaved Cerbera. Fl. April. Tree. 7 C. NiTiuA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 225.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, with subrevolute edges, glabrous and shining above, but hairy beneath ; flowers race- mose ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, 4 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla rounded. Ij . S. Native of New Granada, at the mouth of the river Sinu, and near Turbaco. Leaves 8-10 inches long. Corollas white, about the size of those of V'mca rosea ; limb downy outside. Ovaria girded by 5 combined glands. Drupes com- bined, fleshy, S-lobed, 4-celled ? cells 1-seeded. Shining Cerbera. Fl. March. Shrub. -j- Doubtful sjiecies. 8 C. ALHODORA (Willd. mss. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 798.) leaves roundish, obtuse, roughish. fj . S. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. Garlic-scented Cerbera. Shrub or tree. 9 C. obova'ta (Willd. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-obovate, tapering into the petioles, glabrous, parallelly veined beneath, fj . .S. Native of? Obovale-\eaved Cerbera. Shrub or tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberntjemonlana, p. 92. XLL TANGHI'NIA {Tanghen or Tanghin is the Mada- gascar name of T. veneneflua, the juice of which is the ordeal water of that island). Pet. Th. gen. med. p. 10. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 283. Bojer. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 290. t. 110.— Cerbera species of authors. Cynoctonum, Gmel. syst. veg, 1. p. 443. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; seg- ments spreading, deciduous. Corolla salver-shaped, longer than the calyx ; with a pentagonal, dilated throat ; limb spread- ing ; segments unequal-sided. Stamens 5, inserted into the dilated part of the tube of the corolla ; anthers thick, heart- sliaped, hidden by as many foliaceous acuminated inflexed la- mellje or scales, which rise from the throat : having an umbilical tubercle under each .-mther. Ovarium solitary, 4-lobed, girded by a hypogynous ring. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed, inclosed in the dome formed by the anthers. Drupe ovate, containing a fibry nut, which is acute at both ends. Integument of seed mem- branous. Albumen none, ex Pet. Th. ; concatenated, horny, ex Bojer. Cotyledons flat, slender, somewhat cordate, ex Bojer ; thick, concave, ex Pet. Th. Embryo superior, inverted.— Gla- brous trees, with the habit of Mango. Leaves alternate, approxi- O 98 APOCYNEiE. XLI. Tanghinia. XLII. Rauwolfia. mate at the tops of the branches, coriaceous. Flowers disposed in terminal corymbose panicles. Peduncles and pedicels bibrac- teate, twice ternate. Corollas white, or pink : with a dark eye. 1 T. venene'flua (Poir. 1. c. Bojer. 1. c.) leaves elliptic- lanceolate, approximate, coriaceous, glabrous, shining : with re- volute, cartilaginous edges ; flowers disposed in terminal, co- rymbose panicles. I; • S. Native of Madagascar. Cerbera Tanghin, Hook. bot. mag. 2968. Leaves 5-8 inches long. Corollas with a green tube, and pink or rose-coloured limb. This is the famous ordeal tree of JIadagascar. The custom of administering Tanghin as an ordeal, in Mada- gascar, has become far more universal during the present reign, than at any former period of the Huwa government. When her present majesty, in the beginning of 1830, came to the reso- lution of cleansing her lands from sorcerers, an ordeal was com- manded in every town and village ; and in Tannanarivoo scarcely any class of inhabitants escaped. On the 9th of May, 1830, in compliance with the sovereign's mandate, a notable administra- tion of Tanghin took place. The accused persons amounted to about thirty, including some of the highest rank in the kingdom. All the nobility recovered ; while the unknown ple- beians, who, according to the common jugglery, had been com- pelled to drink with them, died. The former jnade the usual triumphant entry into the town, on the 17th, borne in open palanquins, amongst the shouting, dancing, and grimaces of the many thousands of people. In the following month, April, about an equal number of Malagassy ladies submitted to the same ordeal ; but all survived, and, in due course, made a grand entry into town. The Tanghin is administered in private, as well as in public. A subject so deeply rooted in the minds of all the Malagassy people, from the sovereign down to the slave, is the belief in witchcraft ; and so blindly are they led by this belief, that a vihole nation may be considered as labouring under a spell, as powerful as the fascination which they attribute to the unfortunate sorcerers themselves. The fruit of the Tanghin is the part used, and is administered by means of some liquid, as broth, &c. PoJson-^o)i)i?!g- Tanghinia. Fl.July. Clt. 1826. Tree 30 feet. 2 T. Ma'nghas ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, tapering downwards, approximate, shining ; segments of corolla ovate, vyith an incurved, sub-retuse apex ; panicle terminal, corymbose, f; . S. Native of Singapore, and some of the adjacent islands, Ceylon, &c. Cerbera Manghas, Lin. fl. zeyl. 106. Gasrtn. fruct. 2. p. 192. t. 123-124.. f. 1. Cerbera lactaria, Hamilt. Arbor lactaria, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 243. t. 8 1 . Cerbera quaterni- folia, Roxb. hort. beng. 19. — Burm. zeyl. p. 150. t. 70. f. 1. Leaves dark green and sliining above, and paler beneath, with capillary, sub-transverse nerves, which unite by means of a sub- marginal vein. Panicle large, open, with articulated dichoto- mous or trichotomous branches. Flowers white, by threes, scentless. Calycine segments lanceolate. Scales in the mouth of the corolla villous, pink-coloured. Drupe ovate-oblong, sometimes twin. The seeds in this and the following are said to be exalbuminous. Mano-/w4 Tanghinia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 ft. 3 T. Odollam ; leaves lanceolate, approximate, shining ; corymbs terminal ; calycine segments linear, revolute ; seg- ments of corolla sub-falcate. Ij . S. Native of various parts of India, on the shores, in salt swamps. Cerbera Odollam, Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 193. t. 124. Cerbera Manghas, Sims, bot. mag. 1845. Odollam, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 71. t. 39. Wood remark- ably spongy, and white. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Stigma large and conical, 2-cleft at apex, resting in a saucer- shaped receptacle, the circumference fluted with 10 grooves. Orfo//«)« Tanghinia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1756. Tree 20 feet. 4 T. LAURiFoLiA ; Icaves lanceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the base, coriaceous, quite entire, glabrous, with dense parallel nerves. Fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Cerbera lauri- folia, Lodd. bot. cab. 989. Flowers white. Laurel-leaved Tangh'mia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taherncemontana, p. 92. XLII. RAUWO'LFIA (so named by Plumier, in honour of Leonhard Rauwolf, physician at Augsburg, who travelled in France and Italy, 1560 — 1563 ; and through Palestine and other countries, in 1573 — 1575. His travels were published in Ger- man, in 1582 and 1583, and were translated into English by Nich. Staphorst, under the revision of Mr. Ray, with additions by him, John Fred. Gronovius published a catalogue of the plants which Rauwolf found in his travels to the East in 1775, under the title of Flora Orientalis, Lugdb. oct. He died in 1596.) Plum. gen. 40. Lin. gen. no. 293. Juss. gen. 148. Gsertn. fruct. t. 52. Jacq. amer. 47. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 543. Blum, bijdr. 1033, but not of Ruiz, et Pav. Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a bearded throat, a short tube, and a twisted, 5-lobed limb ; segments unequal-sided. Stamens 5, inclosed, or a little exserted ; anthers free, ovate- cordate. Ovaria 2, combined, girded by a hypogynous ring ; 2- celled, bi-ovulate. Style didymous. Stigma sub-capitate, or peltate, emarginate. Drupe didymous, globose, containing 2 1-celled, 1-seeded nuts, or a 2-celled one; cells divided into 2 chambers. Seeds reflexedly conduplicate below, attached to the dissepiment, which is incomplete, and is perhaps a dilated placenta. Embryo uncinately recurved at the base, with a su- perior radicle. Albumen fleshy, conforming to the seed. — Lactescent shrubs, or small trees ; with verticillate leaves ; and interpetiolar corymbs of small flowers. Petioles furnished with subulate glands inside. * Species natives of South America. 1 R. psYCHOTRioiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 231.) leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, 2 of which are much smaller than the other 2, having the middle rib ciliated towards the base ; corymbs on long peduncles. fj . S. Native of the Spanish Main, in shady places, near Cumana. R. viridis, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 805. Leaves membranous, shining above, but paler beneath, 4 or 4^ inches long. Bracteas lanceolate-linear. Corymbs small. Corollas white, downy outside. Calycine segments ovate, acute. Segments of corolla dimidiately oblong, obtuse. Perhaps the same as R. nitida. Psi/chotria-like Rauwolfia. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 2 R. TERNiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 232.) leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles few-flowered, sub-corymbose. 1; . S. Native of New Spain, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Monpox. Hook. bot. mag. 2440. R. ligustrina, Willd. herb.no. 5097. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 805. Leaves membranous, 2-4 inches long. Flowers like the preceding. Calycine segments ovate-lanceolate. Three-leaved Rawoma. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Shrub. 3 R. NiTiDA (Jacq. amer. p. 47. Lin. spec. 303.) leaves 3 and 4 in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous, shining, having the midrib rather villous beneath ; corymbs few- flowered. Tj . S. Native of South America, and St. Domingo, in woods. Lam. ill. t. 172. f. 1. Lodd. bot. cab. 339. R. viridis, Herb. Willd. R. heterophylla, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schidtes, syst. 4. p. 805. — Plum. gen. 19. icon. 236. f. 1. Leaves approximate, unequal in size, 3 inches long, and one broad. Calycine teeth acute. Corollas white. Petals ciliated, with thick conical pili. Fruit at first yellowish, afterwards dark purple. APOCYNEiE. XLII. Rauwolfia. XLTII. Dissolena. XLIV. Ociirosia. XLV. Ophioxylon. 99 Shining-lenved Rauwolfia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1752. Tree 12 feet. 4 R. Brazilie'nsis (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 834.) leaves 3 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acute, opaque, having the veins and nerves ilowny beneath ; peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary, thick, and are, as well the calyxes, silky. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Brazilian Rauwolfia. Shrub. .5 R. PARViFLORA (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. S34.) leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, rather unequal ; peduncles 1- flowered, capillary, axillary, shorter than the leaves. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Small-Jloivered Rauwolfia. Shrub. 6 R. cane'scens (Lin. syst. 250.) leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong- obovate, acuminated, downy ; corymbs few-flowered. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica, and other West India Islands. R. subpubes- cens, Lin. spec. 303. R. hirsuta, Jacq. anier. p. 47. ed. pict. p. 259. f. 17. — Plum. gen. 9. icon. 236. f. 2.— Sloane, jam. 173. hist. 2. p. 107. t. 188. f 1.— Pluk. phyt. 266. f. 2; Branches rather tomentose. Leaves more tomentose beneath than hairy. Calycine segments lanceolate. Segments of corolla nearly square, sub-emarginate. Drupes dark red. Flowers small, red.? Cfl/iMCCTi^ Rauwolfia. Fl.June. Clt. 1739. Shrub 2 to 8 feet. 7 R. TOMENTOSA (Lin. spec. 303.) leaves 4 in a whorl, ob- long, attenuated at both ends, tomentose ; corymbs few-flowered. T; . S. Native on rocks and walls, of Carthagena, in South America. Jacq. amer. 48. obs. 2. t. 35. Flowers small, white. Calycine segments ovate. Fruit at length nearly black. tomentose Rauwolfia. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. * * Species natives of the East Indies. 8 R. SomatraVa (Jack, mal. misc. 1. no. v. p. 22. ex Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 543. Blum, bijdr. p. 1034.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, cnneate-oblong, or obovate, glabrous ; umbels or corymbs termi- nal, pedunculate, few-flowered ; mouth of corolla shut by 5 fascicles of villi. Pj . S. Native of Java and Sumatra, frequent in the neighbourhood of Bencoolen. This shrub resembles the Manggalaut, or Tanghhiia Manghas, in habit and foliage. Leaves 6 inches long. Flowers small, white. Segments of corolla roundish. Stigma peltate. This species resembles It. nltida, but is sufficiently distinguished by its inflorescence. The wood, being light, is employed by the Sumatrans, for scabbards to their swords, and krises. Sumatra Rauwolfia. Tree 12 to 15 feet. * * * A species native of Africa. 9 R. voMiToRiA (Afz. rem. guin. ex Spreng.) leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, on long petioles ; branches tetragonal ; flowers axillary, umbellate. Tj . S. Native of Guinea. Vomit Rauwolfia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana,ip. 92. XLIII. DISSOLE'NA (from cic, dis, double; and rrwXnv, solen, a tube ; the lower part of the tube of the corolla is diflPerent from that of the upper.) Lour. coch. p. 138. Lin. syst. Pentundria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft ; segments subulate, erect. Corolla with a long tube of two forms : lower part thick, pentagonal, and staminiferous ; upper part cylindrical : limb spreading, 5-cleft. Stamens inserted be- neath the mouth of the lower part of the tube. Style shorter than the stamens ; stigma sub-ovate, thick, scabrous. Drupe small, ovate, containing a compressed, scabrous, 1 -celled, 1- seeded nut. — An upright shrub, with spreading branches. Lower leaves opposite ; upper ones 3-4 in a whorl. Racemes sub- divided, terminal. Corollas white. Drupes black,- glabrous. Nearly allied to Rauwolfia or Ochrosia. 1 D. verticilla'ta (Lour. coch. p. 138.) '^ . G. Native of China, in the province of Canton. Cerbera Chinensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 643. ;FAoWfrf-leaved Dissolena. Fl. ? Clt. 1812. Shrub 8 feet. Cidt. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontdna, p. 92. XLIV. OCHRO^SIA (from wxpoc. ochros, pale yellow ; colour of flowers.) Juss. gen. 144. Labill. sert. cal. 25. Cerbera species of authors. LiN. SYST. Pentundria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed, or 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ; segments of the limb 2- lobed, spreading, oblique. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat. An- thers inclosed. Stigma thick, 2-lobed. Fruit twin, or solitary bv abortion, drupaceous, each containing a 2-4-celled nut ; each cell 1-2-3-seeded. Seeds oblong, unequal, flat, with membranous edges, albuminous 1 — Glabrous shrubs, with verticillate leaves, 4 in a whorl ; and dichotomous corymbs of flowers. 1 O. BoRBONiCA (Juss. gcu. p. 145.) leaves 4 in a whorl ; ovate-lanceolate, shining; corymbs terminal, and in the forks of the branches. fj . S. Native of Bourbon, Isle of France. Ophioxylon Ochrosia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 266. Rauwolfia striata, Poir. diet. 4. p. 85. no. 5. suppl. 4. p. 120. and p. 656. Dide- rota amphicarpa, Comm. mss. Cerbera Borbonica, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 642. Habit of Ophioxylon serpentlnum. Stem yel- lowish. Leaves 2-5 inches long, greenish yellow beneath. Corymbs dense. Corolla cream-coloured. Drupes 2-celled. LWion Ochrosia. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub. 2 O. macula'ta (Jacq. coll. 4. p. 218. icon. rar. 2. t. 321, ex- lusive of the syn. of Forst. Dryander, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 227.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, undulated, veiny, spotted ; corymbs terminal, and in the forks of the branches, or axillary, h . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Cerbera maculata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1223. Cerbera undulata, Andr. rep. t. 130. The leaves only spotted in the dried state, shining, 4 inches long. Corolla white, with a red throat. Fruit yellow, acuminated, containing a 2-celled nut. Spotted-leaved Ochrosia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 O. elliftica (Labill. sert. cal. p. 25. t. 30.) leaves elliptic, 3 in a whorl ; drupe 4-celled. ^ . S. Native of New Cale- donia. An erect shrub. Leaves emarginate, coriaceous ; pe- tioles furnished with papillaeform or lamellose resin inside. Flowers sub-corymbose, interpetiolar and terminal. Follicles sub-triquetrous. EltipticAcaved Ochrosia. Shrub erect. 4 O. PARVIFLORA ; Icavcs 4 in a whorl, oblong, bluntish, pa- rallelly-veined, flat ; cymes pedunculate, sub-axillary, branched, divaricate. Jj . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Cerbera parviflora, Forst. prod. no. 121. Hook, and Arn. in Beech, voy pt. bot. p. 90. Very nearly allied to 0. maculata. Smallflowered Ochrosia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemonlana, p. 92. XLV. OPHTO'XYLON (from o', xylon, wood ; twisted root and stems.) Lin. gen. no. 142. Juss. gen. 321. Gaertn. friict. 2. p. 129. t. 109. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 530. Blum, bijdr. p. 1037. Lin. syst. Pcntdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, or 5- toothed, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a long tube, which is thickened in the middle, and a 5-cleft, oblique limb. Anthers almost sessile, inserted in the middle of the tube. Ovarium didymous ; lobes 1-ovulate. Style filiform, inclosed; stigma capitate. Drupe baccate, black, size of a pea, twin, or solitary by abortion, each containing a I-seeded, wrinkled nut. Embryo inverted, straight, nearly as long as the albumen, with round, cordate cotyledons, and a sub-cylindrical radicle. Albu- men conforming to the seed, greenish white. — A glabrous, twining o 2 100 APOCYNE^. XLV. Ophioxylon. XLVI. Vallesia. XLVII. Kopsia. XLVIII. Calpicarpum. or climbing shrub, with verticillate leaves ; and axillary, pedun- cled fascicles of flowers. 1 O. SERPENTiNUM (Lin. fl. zeyl. p. 398.) I- . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, in many places ; in rich soil it becomes a climber or twiner ; but in poor soil it is a small, erect shrub. Wendt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 53. t. 7. f. 2. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 389. Sims. bot. mag. 784. O. trifoliktiim, Gcertn. friict. 2. t. 129.? — Burm. zeyl. 141. t. 64. — Rheed. mal. G. p. 81. t. 47. — Rumph. amb. 7. p. 29. t. IG. Leaves 3-4-5 in a whorl, cuneate-oblong, acute, waved, 4-5 inches long. Cymes axillary, on long peduncles, erect, and sometimes droop- ing ; pedicels and calyxes red, which, with the white corollas, gives the cymes a pretty appearance. Dr. Wallich seems to think the 0. trifoliaium, Gacrtn. to be a distinct species, although he knows notliing to be compared to it. In India the root of 0. serpenlhium is employed for the cure of various disorders, by the Telinga physicians. First, in substance, inwardly, as a febrifuge. Secondly, in the same manner, after the bite of poisonous animals. The juice is also expressed, and dropped into the eye, for the same purpose. And, thirdly, it is adminis- tered, in substance, to promote delivery in tedious cases. Serfentine Snake-Wood. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1690. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85. XLVI. VALLE^SIA (named by the authors of the Flora Peruviana, after T. Vallesio, physician to Philip II. of Spain.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 26. t. 151. f. B. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 233. t. 241. LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogijnia. Calyx small, 5-parted, permanent. Corolla salver-shaped : with a slender, elongated tube, and a widened hairy throat ; segments oblique. Sta- mens inclosed ; anthers ovate-sagittate, free. Ovaria two. Style didymous ; stigma sub-clavate. Drupes 2, distinct, sub- clavate, containing each a 1-celled, 1-seeded, fibry, striated nut. Embryo straight, central : with oblong, obtuse, plano- convex, fleshy cotyledons : and an inferior, thick, terete, acutish radicle. Albumen thin, fleshy, white. — Small glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, without glands. Peduncles opposite the leaves, dichotomous, many-flowered. Flowers small, white. 1 V. CHiococcoiDEs (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 233.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat conduplicate ; peduncles opposite the leaves, dichotomous. Vi . S. Native of South America, in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros, on the banks of the river Amazon, near Tomependa, where it is called Clinv'ir'mgana. Segments of corolla obliquely ovate, obtuse. Corollas white. Chiococca-like Vallesia. Fl. May. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 2 V. DicHOTOMA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 26. t. 151. f h.) leaves ovate, acute, undulated, shining ; peduncles corymbose, dichotomous, opposite the leaves. Ij . S. Native of Peru. Leaves 2-5 inches long. Corolla white, with a greenish tube. Nut oval-oblong. Dichotomous Vallesia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Shrub 8 to 1 0 feet. 3 V. cymbifolia (Ort. dec. p. 58.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, boat-shaped, incurved at top ; peduncles opposite the leaves, dichotomous, corymbose, few-flowered. ^2 • S. Native of New Spain. Rauuolfia glabra, Cav. icon. 3. p. 50. t. 297. Vallesia dichotoma, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 656. Calycine teeth small. Co- rolla white ; segments obliquely-ovate, acute. Boat-leaved \a.\\es\a. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 4 V. puncta'ta (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 642.) leaves alternate, petiolate, oblong-attenuated at both ends, full of pellucid dots ; brandies and petioles granular ; fascicles of flowers pedunculate ; corolla granular outside. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Dotted Vallesia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontdna, p. 92. Tribe VII. KOPSIE'iE. Ovarium double. Fruit drupaceous. Albu- men wanting. XLVII. KO'PSIA (meaning not explained by the author.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1030. Ltn. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed, permanent. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube ventricose at apex ; throat coarctate, villous ; segments of the limb spreading or reflexed. Stamens 5, inclosed, free. Style filiform, not ex- serted; stigma oblong, undivided, downy at top. Drupes two, or solitary by abortion, coriaceous, divided by an incomplete dissepiment inside, 1-seeded. Embryo inverted. Albumen none. — Lactescent trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves ; and lateral and terminal pedunculate, bracteate cymes of flowers. 1 K. aeborea (BluiTi. bijdr. p. 1030.) arboreous; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; segments of corolla broad-lanceolate. tj . S. Native of Java, in woods, on the mountains, where it is called Kiluttmg. Flowers white. Tree Kopsia. Fl. year. Tree. 2 K. viNC/EFLORA (Blum. bijdr. p. 1030.) shrubby; leaves oblong-lanceolate; segments of corolla oval. 1j. S. Native of Java, on the Salak mountains. Throat of corolla red. Vinca-jlonered Kopsia. Fl. year. Shrub. Cult. For cidture and propagation see TabernoBmontdna, p. 92. XLVIII. CALPICA'RPUM (from koKitiq, calpis, an urn ; and Kupiroc, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the shape of the fruit.) Cerbera species, Roxb. and Lam. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; seg- ments lanceolate, permanent, each ending in a gland. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a slender tube, swelling at the throat; throat highly coloured and hairy, but neither furnished with teeth nor scales. Segments of limb obovate, oblong, equal-sided. Stamens 5, inserted round the bottom of the swelled part of the tube ; anthers sagittate, inclosed. Ovaria twin, 2-celled ; on the sides where they meet, there is a small subulate scale cover- ing the fissure: cells 1 -ovulate. Ovula attached to the middle of the partition. Stigma large, with a 2-lobed apex, hid by the converging anthers. Drupe, or rather capsule, usually solitary, oblique, urn-shaped, villous, with a slit down the middle, semi- bivalved, 1-celled, opening up the inside, and along the apex ; pulp hardly any, the whole substance being thin, and rather fibrous. Seeds solitary, ovate-oblong ; integument simple, white, pretty thick and .soft. Albumen none. Embryo erect, with pale yellow cotyledons, conforming to the seed ; and an ovate, superior radicle. — Glabrous shrulis, with dichotomous branches ; broad, opposite, lanceolate leaves ; and terminal co- rymbs of red flowers. 1 C. Roxbu'rghii ; leaves opposite, remote, oblong to lan- ceolate, glabrous, acuminated ; corymbs at first terminal, but afterwards in the forks, with sub-trichotomous, short divisions. Tj . S. Native of Pegu. Cerbera fruticosa, Ro\b. fl. ind. 2. p. 526. Ker. bot. reg. 391. Flowers size of those of Vincu rosea, the mouth of a lively red, the rest of a bright pink, rather fragrant, and extremely ornamental. 7foa:6«>-jO-/('i Calpicarpum. Fl. year. Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 2 C. ? Lama'rkii ; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, rounded or blunt at the apex ; panicles corymbose, short, in the forks of the branches ; flowers small. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies; and the Moluccas, if Cerbera salutaris, Lour, be the same. Lac- taria salubris, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 255. t. 84. Cerbera oppo- sitifblia. Lam. diet. 1. p. 62. suppl. 1. p. 262. Cerbera salu- taris. Lour. coch. Blum, bijdr. 1033. Flowers red? Ca- APOCYNEjE. XLIX. Melodinus. L. Cakpodinus. LI. Ciiilocarpus. LII, Willughbeia. 101 lycine segments small, connivent, ex Blume. Cymes on long peduncles, dichotomous, many-flowered. Lamarh's Calpicarpura. Shrub or tree. Cull. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. Tribe VIII. MELODINIE^E. Fruit baccate, 2-celled, solitary. Seeds naked, flattened, imbedded in pulp. Ovula attached to two ele- vated receptacles, which rise from the middle of the partition. XLIX. MELODrNUS (so named by Foster, from jur/Xor, melon, an apple; and co'tw, d'ineo, to turn round; in reference to the fruit being like an apple, and the stems twining.) Forst. gen. 'i'o. Juss. gen. 148. Schreb. gen. no. 425. suppl. 23. Labill. sert. caled. p. 29. LiN. SYST. Pentdmlria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, im- bricate. Corolla salver-shaped ; segments of the limb oblique, twisted to the right : corona in the throat of 5 bifid or quadrifid segments, alternating with the segments of the corolla. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube, inclosed, with very short filaments, and ovate anthers. Ovarium ovate ; placentas 2, fixed to the dis- sepiment. Style simple ; stigma dilated, conical, with a bifid apex. Berry globose, 2-celled, pulpy inside. Seeds many, flattened a little, wrinkled, nestling in the pulp, albuminous. — Lactescent, erect, or climbing shrubs ; v\ith opposite leaves, and opposite axillary cymes of flowers. § 1 . Segments of corona bifd or quadrijid. 1 M. PHYLLiR^oiDES (Labill. sert. cal. p. 29. t. 33.) stem erect, cymes opposite, axillary ; leaves rhomboid, coriaceous ; corona of 5 quadrifid segments, tj . G. Nativeof New Caledonia. Leaves rhomboid, or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, \^ to 2 inches long. P/i!/llirea-tike Melodinus. Shrub 6 feet. 2 ISl. Baue'ri (Endlicher, prod. fl. ins. norf. p. 57.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, ribbed, shining ; corymbs axillary, oppo- site, shorter than the leaves ; corona of 5 bifid segments. h . ^. G. Native of Norfolk Island. Bauer, ill. pi. ins. norf. t. 140. and t. 164. Leaves 4 inches long. Berry globose, yellow, warted, about the size of an orange. Bauer's Melodinus. Shrub climbing. 3 M. scA^NnENS (Forst. fl. austr. no. 125. Lin. syst. 256.) glabrous; stem climbing ; leaves oblong-ovate ; cymes opposite, axillary ; corona of the corolla of 5 cloven, lacerated segments. ^ . ^. S. Native of New Caledonia. Lam. ill. t. 179. Climbing Melodinus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775. Shrub cl. ^ 2. Segmetils of corona entire. 4 M. MONOGYNus (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 56. Ker. bot. reg. 834.) glabrous; climbing; leaves lanceolate, shining, acumi- nated ; panicles axillary and terminal, sub-globidar, brachiate, crowded; corolla 5-parted ; segments sub -falcate ; scales in the mouth of the tube, entire, ensiform ; style short ; stigma ovate, emarginate at top. ^ . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Sadul. Corolla white, fragrant. Extreme divisions of panicles 3-flovvered. Berry 4 cornered, yellow, size of an orange, con- taining edible pulp. Monogynous Melodinus. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 5 M. EUGENiiEFOLiA (Wall. Cat. no. 1616.) petioles, branch- lets, peduncles, and calyxes, clothed with rusty down ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, with parallel, alternate veins, running into an almost marginal nerve ; peduncles panicled, axillary ; brac- teas foliaceous. Fj . S. Native of Penang. Fruit size of a middling gooseberry. Scales in the throat of the corolla undi- vided. Perhaps a distinct genus. Eugenia-leaved Melodinus. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. L. CARPODTNUS (from Ka^izoc, karpos, a fruit ; and Siviw, dineo, to turn round ; a name given to separate it from Melodinus.) R. Br. mss. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co- rolla funnel-shaped, hairy, 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate, oblicpie, reflexed ; anthers 5, sagittate, conniving. Style 1 ; .stigma round. Fruit orange-formed, 2-celled? many-seeded. Seeds flattened, nestling in pulp. — Climbing, cirrhiferous shrubs ; with opposite leaves : and twin, axillary, 1 -flowered peduncles. 1 C. du'lcis ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; tendrils axillary ; flowers almost sessile, twin, axillary. ^ . ^. S. Na- tive of Sierra Leone, in the neighbourhood of Freetown, where it is called Sweet Pishamin, a name introduced by the Nova Scotia settlers. (SWei-fruited Carpodinus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Sh. cl. 2 C. a'cida ; fruit rounder, and much smaller. ^ . ^. S. Native of Sierra Leone. .<4ctrf-fruited Carpodinus. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. LI. CHILOCA'KPUS (from x'^'-''^"^' cheilos, a lip; and KapTTog, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the fruit opening at one side.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1025. LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube thickened in the middle ; segments of the limb 5, oblique. Anthers sagittate, almost sessile, in- serted in the middle of the tube, inclosed. Stigma capitate, inclosed among the anthers. Capsule large, corticate, 1 -celled, filled with granular pulp inside, dehiscing at the side when ripe. Seeds nuinerous, compressed, convolutely furrowed on one side, wrapped in membranes which rise from the parietes of the capsule. Albumen horny. Cotyledons foliaceous. — Climbing shrubs, with opposite, simple leaves, and axillary cymes of flowers. This genus is nearly allied to Willughbeia, but is easily distinguished from that genus, in the fruit being capsular, and in the seeds being albuminous. 1 C. suAVE^oLENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 1025.) leaves oblong, glabrous, with five parallel veins ; flowers sub-cymose, axillary ; pedicels covered with imbricating bracteas. P; . ^. S. Native of Java, on the mountains, where it is called Aroy Gambier ; and Tjunkankan-lalan. Sweet-scented Chilocarpus. Shrub cl. 2 C. denuda'tus (Blum. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, pa- rallelly veined, glabrous ; cymes axillary, few-flowered ; pedicels bractless. \i . ^j. ?i. Native of Java, in woods, on the Salak inountains. A^aAerf-pedicelled Chilocarpus. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. LII. WILLUGHBE^IA (named after Francis Willughby, F.R.S., a friend and pupil of Ray ; author of Ornithologia, 1676; and Historia Piscium, 1678; published by Ray, after his death, which happened in 1672, at the age of 37 years.; Scop. Schreb. gen. no. 417. Roxb. H. ind. 2. p. 57. Blum, bijdr. p. 1023. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube thickened in the middle; limb of 5 oblique segments. Stamens inclosed ; anthers ovate, fxeti. Ovarium 2-celled. Style didymous ; stigma conical. Ovula attached to 2 opposite, parietal placentas. Berry large, corticate, half 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds in rows, exalbuminous, ni- dulent. Cotyledons plano-convex. — Climbing, usually cirrhi- ferous shrubs; with opposite, glabrous leaves; and axillary, pedunculate cymes of flowers. 1 W. EDuYis (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 57. Blum, bijdr. p. 1024.) climbing, cirrhiferous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse, acumi- nated, with parallel veins ; peduncles cymose, axillary, shorter than the petioles. [- . ^. S. Native of the Mauritius, Cliitta- gong, and Silhet. Flowers pale pink. Berry very large, globular, 1 -celled. The milky, viscid juice, which flows from 102 APOCYNEiE. LIII. Ambellania. LIV. Pacouria. LV. Hancornia. LVI, Landolphia. LVII. Couma, &c. every part of the plant, is changed into a had kind of elastic rubber, or caoutchouc, on exposure to the air. Edible Willughbeia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub el. 2 W. Java'nica (Blum, bijdr. p. 1024.) climbing, cirrliife- rous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish at the apex, with fine parallel veins : peduncles cymiferous, axillary, longer than the leaves. 1^ . ^j. S. Native of Java, in woods, on the Seribu and Salak mountains, where it is called Aroy Kihattarah. Java Willughbeia. Fl. March, July. Shrub cl. 3 W. Cele'bica (Blum, bijdr. p. 1024.) climbing; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, veiny ; peduncles axillary, cymi- ferous, about equal in length to the petioles. Ij . ^. S. Native of the Celebes. Celebes Willughbeia. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl. 4 W. Martaba'na (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 45. t. 272.) cirrhiferous, scandent, glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, acumi- nated, parallelly nerved ; berries globose, f^ . ^. S. Native of the province of Martaban, at Amherst, and Moalmeyne. Fruit yellow, about the size of an orange. This is very nearly allied to W. eiUdh. Martaban Willughbeia. Shrub cl. 5 W. coria'cea (Wall. cat. no. 1020.) leaves coriaceous, shining above, and rusty beneath, elliptic, short-acuminated, obtuse, tendrils as in the last species. ^ . ^. S. Native of Singapore. Coriaceous-lcaMeA Willughbeia. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. LIII. AMBELLA'NIA. (Ambellani is the Guiana name of the shrub.) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 266. t. 104. Juss. gen. 144. Fagrae'a species, Wilkl. Willughbeia species, Willd. Lin. syst. Pcntandr'ia, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-parted ; segments acute. Corolla tubular, with a narrow throat ; and a .5-cleft, oblique, undulated limb. Stamens 5, inclosed ; anthers sagittate. Style tetragonal ; stigma seated on a flat, orbicular disc; bi-cuspidate at the apex. Berry ovate, oblong, fleshy, large, 2-celled, many-seeded, warted. Seeds broad, compressed, mu- ricate, fixed to the slender receptacle or dissepiment. — A small, lactescent tree. Leaves opposite. Peduncles axillary and ter- minal, 3-4-flowered, unibracteate. 1 A. a'cida (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 206. t. 104.) leaves ovate- oblong, glabrous, quite entire, undulated on the edges. \ . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne. Willoughbeia acida, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1231. Leaves 7 inches long, and 3 broad, on short, half-embracing petioles. Flowers whitish. Berry citron-co- loured, warted. Bracteas at the base, of each peduncle, and each flower. The fruit, macerated in water, has a pleasant acid flavour. /^cirf-fruited Ambellania. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. LIV. PACOU'RIA (Pacouri-rana is the Guiana name of the tree.) Aubl, guian. 1. p. 279, t. 105. Juss. gen. 148. Willughbeia species, Willd. LiN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogytiia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent; segments obovate, roundish, acute. Corolla with a short tube, and a 5-cleft limb ; segments oblique, undulated. Stamens short, inclosed ; anthers cuspidate. Style tetragonal ; stigma as in Ambellania. Berry large, pear-shaped, fleshy, pulpy, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds hard, angular, nestling in the pulp. — A lactescent shrub, with sarmentose, nodose branches. Leaves opposite at the nodi. Racemes axillary on long peduncles, twining by tendrils. 1 P. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, undu- lated, glabrous, large, entire, having the nerves red and pro- minent beneath ; petioles stem-clasping ; flowers fascicled on the racemes, which are branched. Ij . ^. S. Native of Guiana. Willughbeia scandens, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1231. Flowers yellow. Guiana Pacouria. Shrub cl. or tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. LV. HANCO'RNIA (meaning unknown to us.) Gomez in act. acad. Oliss. 1812. p. 51. with a figure. Mart. act. bonn. 11. p. 84. Mangaibo, Pis. med. bras. p. 76. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube long, ventricose at top ; segments of the limb ovate-acute, 3 times shorter than the tube. Stamens inclosed, pilose ; anthers oblong, connivent. Stigma bifid, seated on a cylindre. Berry 1-celled, many-seeded. Albumen hard, fleshy. 1 H. spEciosA (Gomez. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, coriaceous, bluntly cuspidate, glabrous ; peduncles terminal, usually 3- flowered. Pj . S. Native of Brazil. Showy Hancornia. Tree 20 feet. 2 H. pube'scens (Mart, in act. bonn. 11. p. 85.) leaves ob- long, acuminated, and are, as well as the branches, downy ; cymes terminal, sessile, dichotomous. T^ . S. Native of Brazil. Downy Hancornia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. LVL LANDO'LPHIA (named by Beauvois, after M. Lan- dolphe, a captain in the French navy, commander of an expediton to Waree, who was of great assistance to Palisot de Beauvois, during his stay in Africa.) Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 54. t. 34. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx ])ernianent ; 5-6- cleft ; segments coriaceous, sub-imbricate. Corolla tubular, with oblique segments, and a villous throat. Stamens 5. Ovarium 10- striped. Style thickened at top ; stigma sub-bifid. Berry fleshy, nearly globose, depressed at top, 1-celled. Seeds many, ovate, compressed. — A shrub, with straight, terete branches. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, acute, petiolate, glabrous, 5-6 inches long. Flowers white, disposed in terminal, panicled corymbs, with opposite branches ; and very short pedicels. 1 L. Owarie'nsis (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 54. t. 34.) Ij . S. Native of Guinea, in the interior of the kingdom of Waree. Waree Landolphia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. LVII. COUMA (Couma is the Caribbean name of the tree.) Aubl. Guian. suppl. p. 39. t. 392. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. ? Calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil unknown. Berry globose, rusty, compressed at top, 3-4 or 5-celled. Seeds 3-4-5, orbicular, flat, covered with rust- coloured pulp. — A tree, with thick bark, bushy at top ; branch- lets trigonal, nodose. Leaves 3 in a whorl, at the nodi, stiff, glabrous, ovate, acuminated, pale green above, but paler beneath, on short petioles. Peduncles rising single from the nodi, short, bearing 4-5 berries on long pedicels, which are very palatable when ripe. 1 C. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c.) Ij . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, in woods. Leaves opposite, or 3-4 in a whorl ; the branches always terminated by 3 leaves. Guiana Couma. Tree 30 to 40 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. Tribe IX. ALLAMANDIE'iE. Fruit capsular, composed of 2 joined follicles, prickly or smooth. Seeds fixed to a central placenta, of the figure of a buckler, surrounded by a membranous wing. Albumen wanting. LVIII. ALLAMA'NDA (so named after Frederick Alla- mand, a surgeon of Holme, who went to Guiana about 1769, and to Russia in 1776. He sent specimens and descriptions APOCYNE/E. LVIII. Allamanda. LIX. Aspidosperma. 103 of plants to Linnteus.) Lin. mant. 146. syst. \2i)5. p. 252. Gaertn. fiuct. 1. p. 293. t. 61. Juss. 148. Pohl, bras. 1. p. 70. — Orelia, Aubl. giiian. t. 106. — Galirips, Allaniand. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parte(l ; seg- ments lanceolate-oblong, acute. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a narrow tube : and a swollen, large, inflated limb, which is 5- cleft at the apex ; furnished with 5 scales in the throat of the tube, which cover the anthers. Anthers 5, almost sessile, con- verging. Style 1 ; stigma capitate, contracted in the middle, adhering to the anthers. Capsule echinated, roundish elliptic, 1 -celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds surrounded by a mem- branous edge, fixed to the edge of the valves. Albumen wanting. — Lactescent shrubs or sub-shrubs, with verticillate leaves ; terminal and interpetiolar many-flowered peduncles. Flowers large, yellow. This genus differs from all other Apo- cyneous plants, in the figure of the corolla. It agrees, in some respects, with Ambellunia, Pacouria, and Melodinus. 1 A. cENOTiiERiFoLiA (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 71. t. 57.) stem straight ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, acute, attenuated at the base, pilose on the nerves beneath. I7 . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, in humid places, among bushes. Stem fistular. Flowers large, yellow. Evening Primrose-leaved Allamanda. Shrub. 2 A. ScHOTTii (Pohl, bras, 1. p. 73. t. 58.) stem erect; leaves oblong, acuminated, 4 in a whorl, quite glabrous on both surfaces. I^ . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the river Parabyba. A. Braziliensis, Schott. A. cathartica, Schrad. in Gott. anz. 1821. p. 701. no. 6. and p. 718. no. 42. Flowers large, yellow. Hchotl's Allamanda. Shrub 6 feet. 3 A. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 73. t. 59.) stems erect ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, rather pilose. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, in boggy places, about Meyapoute. Flowers large, yellow. Narrow-leaved Allamanda. Shrub. 4 A. LiNN.«'i (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 74.) stem scandent ; leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate, obtuse, acutish, with sub-undulated edges, glabrous. (^ . ^. S. Native of the Antilles. A. cathartica, Lin. mant. 214. suppl. 165. Schrad. in Wendl. sert. hann. fasc. 1. p. 6. t. 22. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 293. t. 61. f. 4.— Plum, icon. p. 21. t. 29. Flowers large, yellow. The branches are said to be downy. ii»?itc(«'« Allamanda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1785. Shrub cl. 5 A. Auble'tii (Pohl, bras. I. p. 75.) stems scandent; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, broad-oblong, acuminated, rusty beneath. Pj . S. Native of Guiana, Cayenne, Maranham, Surinam ; and in the Island of Arrowabish, near Esseqnibo; and on the banks of the Orinoco, near Carichana. A. cathartica, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 186, exclusive of the syn. of Lin. and Willd. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 229. Meyer, esseq. p. 129. Curt. bot. mag. 338. Lam. ill. 303. t. 171. Orelia grandiflora, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 271. t. 106, exclusive of the synonymes. Echites salicifolia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 796. Leaves rather hairy beneath, especially on the nerves, as well as the young branches. Flowers large, yellow. We have seen this species growing wild in Maranham; but it did not appear to us to be in any way scandent. ^M6^e/'i Allamanda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1785. Shrub cl. 6 A. verticiela'ta (Desf. tabl. de recol. ed. 2d. p. 93. Pohl, bras. 1. p. 75. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 584.) leaves usually 6 in a whorl, ovate-oblong, obtuse, quite glabrous. ^ . S. Native of South America. Flowers large, yellow. /r/iof/erf-leaved Allamanda. Shrub. Cult. All the species of Allamanda are worth cultivating, in every collection of stove plants, for the sake of the beauty of 12 their large, yellow flowers, and whorls of showy foliage. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, is tlie best soil for them ; and cuttings strike root freely in the same kind of earth, under a hand glass, in heat. They require a strong, moist heat to make them flower freely. LIX. ASPIDOSPE'RMA (from aairiQ a(nriSoQ, aspis aspidos, a buckler ; and airtpfia, sperma, a seed ; in reference to the shape of the seeds.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 57. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-parted ; segments lanceolate. Corolla 5-cleft ; segments lan- ceolate, acute or obtuse, contorted. Stamens 5, adnate to the tube ; which is naked beneath the throat ; the rest free. Anthers erect, ovate, inserted above the base of the tube, filled with globose pollen, even to the base. Ovaria twin, combined at the base. Stigma clavate, umbonate, bearded or naked. Capsules solitary or twin, obovate, compressed, unequal-sided. Seeds numerous, surrounded by a membranous wing, peltate, with- out albumen. — Trees with spreading, squarrose, or refracted branches, covered usually with suberose or solid bark ; ovate, quite entire, alternate, sessile, petiolate leaves, which are usually clothed with down ; and terminal cymes of small white flowers. Fruit usually one in each cyme. 1 A. TOMENTosuM (Mart. bras. 1. p. 58. t, 34.) bark of branches corky ; leaves crowded at the tops of the branches into round heads, ovate, tapering at the base, almost sessile, tomentose ; cymes compound, densely crowded. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the mine provinces, where it is called Pereiro do Campo. Leaves ovate or obovate. Corollas white, villous outside, and downy inside; with linear-lanceolate, acute seg- ments, which are downy outside, and glabrous inside. Capsule obovate, usually solitary. Tomentose Aspidosperma. Tree 10 feet. 2 A. macroca'kpon (Mart. 1. c. p. 59.) bark of branches solid ; leaves broad-ovate, sub-cordate, petiolate, bluntish, co- riaceous, glabrous above, in the adult state ; cymes compound, dense. P; . S. Native of Brazil, in the mine provinces, be- tween Tejuco and Serra do Gran Mogol. Bark warted, covered with soft down while young. Leaves coriaceous, clothed with dense white tomentum above when young, but always beneath. Cymes tomentose. Corolla white, globose at the base ; with lanceolate, obtuse segments, which are tomentose outside, and glabrous inside. Large-fruited Aspidospermum. Tree 10 feet. 3 A. refra'ctum (Mart. 1. c. p. 60.) bark solid ; branches dichotomous, refracted ; leaves ovale, acute, downy ; cymes simple, few-flowered. h • S. Native of Brazil, in the pro- vince of Bahia, in the woods called Catingas, between the town of Cactete and Maracas. Refracted-branched Aspidosperma. Tree. 4 A. BicoLOR (Mart. 1. c. p. 60.) bark solid ; branches squar- rose ; leaves petiolate, obovate, obtuse, glabrous above, and clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Pianhia, among bushes. Z'7i'o-eo/oHr«/-Ieaved Aspidosperma. Tree or shrub. 5 A. PYRiFOLiuM (Mart. 1. c.) bark solid; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Pianhia, among bushes near Geiras, and elsewhere, on the edges of woods. Pear-lcavcd Aspidosperma. Shrub or tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Allamanda, above. Tribe X. CARANDI&iE (this tribe contains shrubs agreeing with Carandas in particular characters). Fruit solitary, baccate. Seeds peltate, naked. Albumen copious, ratlier horny. 104 APOCYNE^. LX. Carissa. LX. CARl'SSA {Krishna-pak}]hula is the Sanscrit name of C. Cardndas, and Ooiissa is that of C. diffusa). Lin. syst. 251. Schieb. gen. 413. Juss. gen. 149. R. Br. prod. 468. Lin. syst. Pentindria, Monogy'n'ia. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped; limb 5-parted ; throat naked. Sta- mens 5, inclosed. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells few-seeded. Style filiform ; stigma dilated from the base, bifid. Berry 2-celled ; cells 1 or few-seeded. Seeds peltate. Embryo inverted. — Shrubs. Leaves opposite, furnished with intrapetiolar bristles. Peduncles axillary and terminal, many-floivered, every where becoming sterile and spinescent. Flowers white. * Species nal'wes of New Holland. 1 C. ova'ta (R. Br. prod. p. 4C8.) shrub spiny, erect ; branches brachiate ; branchlets scabrous ; leaves broad-elliptic, acute, mucronate, glabrous, with rather branched veins ; spines straight, divaricate, 3 times shorter than the leaves. f; . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Oi;o?e-leaved Carissa. Fl. June. Nov. Clt. 1819. Shrub. 2 C. sca'bra (R. Br. 1. c.) shrub spiny, diffuse ; leaves ovate, mucronate, scabrous on both surfaces. fj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Scabious Carissa. Shrub diffuse. 3 C. lanceola'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) spiny ; leaves narrow-lanceo- late ; segments of corolla lanceolate-subulate. 1; . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. There are 2 varieties of this species ; the one glabrous, with smooth branches ; and the other having the branchlets and leaves here and there downy. Lanceolate-leaved Carissa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Sh. * * Species natives of the East Indies. 4 C. CARA'NDAs(Lin.mant. p. 52.)subarboreous; leaves ovate, mucronate, or elliptic, obtuse, glabrous ; spines often 2-forked ; corymbs terminal and axillary, few-flowered ; cells of fruit 4- seeded. fj . S. Native of the East Indies, in wild, woody, dry, uncidtivated phices. Lam. ill. t. 118. f. 1. ann. mus. 8. t. 3^. f. 2. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 55. t. 77. Lodd. bot. cab. 663. Capparis Carandas, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 80G. Echites spinosa, Burm. ind. p. 69. Carandas, Rumph. amb. 7. p. 57. t. 25. — Plukn. aim. p. 235. t. 305. f. 4. Branches dichotomous. Spines always in pairs at the divisions of the branches, and at every other pair of leaves, often forked. Peduncles terminal, usually twin. Flowers milky-white, jasmine-like. Berry size of a small plum, when ripe of a shining black. The Carandas makes exceedingly strong fences ; the number and the strength of their thorns render them almost impassable. The fruit, just before ripe, is employed to make tarts and preserves of various kinds, also to pickle, and by most people reckoned superior for these uses to every other fruit in the country, not even the mango excepted. They are universally eaten by the natives, when ripe, and are tolerably pleasant to the taste even of an Euro- pean. Carandas Carissa. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1790. Tree 15 to 20 ft. 5 C. DiFFu'sA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 524.) shrub diffuse, spiny, with dichotomous branches ; leaves almost sessile, roundish- ovate, cordate, mucronate, polished ; corymbs terminal, rarely axillary, many-flowered ; cells of berry 2-seeded. h • ^- Na- tive of the East Indies, in the Ganjan district, and from thence northward to the mouth of the Hoogly. Spines as in Cardndas, simple bifid or twice bifid. Mucrone of leaves recurved. Flowers pure white. Berries black when ripe, size of a French bean. Diffuse Carissa. Shrub diffuse. 6 C. macrophv'lla (Wall. cat. no. 1679.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, glabrous, shining ; spines short, hooked; flowers ter- minal and axillary, corymbose. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. C. mitis, Herb. Heyne, but hardly of Vahl. Leaves 3 inches long and 1^ broad at the base. Large-leaved Carissa. Shrub or tree. 7 C. viLLosA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 525.) shrub downy, tender parts villous ; leaves from broad-lanceolate to oblong, acute, soft from down, particularly while young ; flowers terminal, by threes or sevens ; cells of fruit 2-seeded. It . .S. Native of the East Indies. C. hirsiita, Heyne ex Roth. spec. 128. Branchlets dichotomous. Spines strong and very sharp, less frequently compound than in the 2 preceding species. Corolla small, white, with a curved tube, and linear-lanceolate, acute segments. Berries round, the size of a pea, blackish purple. Bark of the woody part of the plant spongy. Villous Carissa. Shrub. 8 C. sALiciNA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 554.) shrub spiny; leaves lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, veiny, narrower towards the pe- tioles ; flowers in sub-corymbose fascicles. y^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Spines strong, straight, simple. Perhaps only a variety of C. Carandas, with narrower leaves. WillonujAeaveA Carissa. Shrub or small tree. 9 C. spina'rum (Lin. syst. 251. mant. 559.) shrub spiny ; leaves ovate, acute, veiny, shining ; peduncles terminal, 4-5- flowered ; segments of corolla lanceolate ; cells of berry 2- seeded. fj . S. Native of the East Indies and Japan. Lam. ill. t. 118. f. 2. Lodd. bot. cab. 162. 'I'hunb. jiip. 108. Branches dichotomous. Spines 2 at each ramification, opposite, the one above the branch and the other below it, red at top and shining, as in C. Carandas. Leaves small. Teeth of calyx subulate. Corolla white, with lanceolate-oblong segments. Berry black, size of a pea. Spimj Caxissa. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1809. Tree. IOC. axilla'ris (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 52t).) shrub armed with simple, opposite, recurved spines ; leaves oblong, on short petioles ; corymbs pedunculate, axillary, many-flowered. Ij . S. Native of the Moluccas. Flowers white. Axillary-^oweveA Carissa. Shrub. 11 C. ine'rmis (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 43.) shrub without spines ; leaves ovate, cordate, mucronate, veinless ; peduncles terminal, tern ; calycine segments setaceous. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Like C. spindrum, but differs in the leaves being 3 times the size, in tlie flowers being larger, and in tlie absence of spines. Unarmed Carissa. Shrul). * * * Species natives of Africa and its islands. 12 C. Arduina (Lam. diet. 1. p. 555.) shrub spiny; leaves cordate-ovate, mucronate, nearly sessile ; flowers terminal, co- rymbose ; cells of berry 1 -seeded, h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Arduina bispinosa, Lin. mant. p. 552. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 387. Lycium cordatum, Mill. diet. no. 10. fig. p. 200. t. 300. Spines twin, simple, but usually bifid ; in this last case one of the clefts points downwards and the other upwards. Leaves dark green, larger than those of box. Flowers white, small, sweet-scented. Berry red. Arduini's Carissa. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1760. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. 13 C. edu'lis (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 22.) shrub spiny ; branches villous at top ; leaves ovate, acute, veinless ; almost sessile ; peduncles terminal, twin, or sometimes by threes ; calycine seg- ments subulate, ciliated ; segments of corolla lanceolate-linear ; cells of berry 1 -seeded. tj . S. Native of Arabia Felix, and of Abyssinia. Antiira, Forsk. desc. p. 63. Antura Hadiensis, Gmel. syst. veg 405. Spines strong, red at top. Berries edible. APOCYNE^. LX. Carissa. LXI. Hunteria. LXII. Monetia. LXIII. Alafia. LXIV. Leuconotis. 105 acuminated, deep green above and pale beneath ; peduncles axillary, tricliotomous. Pj . S. Native of Tavoy. £)ark-grccn-\eavcd Hunteria. Shrub or tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85. Edible -berried Carissa. Shrub. 14 C. ? Xylopicron (Pet. Th. obs. pi. isl. austr. p. 24. and p. SO.) shrub, spiny ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, 3-5-nerved ; peduncles lateral, spiny, 1-2-flowered ; branches forming a pyramidal cyme. H . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, about St. Denis. Branches bifurcate. Segments of corolla acute. Berry middle-sized, ovate-oblong, succulent, an inch long, attenuated at the apex, with a bipartite placenta, con- taining 12-15 seeds. Xylopicron or Bitter-wooded Carissa. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 15 C. coria'cea (Wall. cat. no. 1681.) spiny ; leaves elliptic, coriaceous, with revolute edges, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous, shining above, fj . S. Native of the Mauritius. C. xylopicron, Telfair, but hardly of Pet. Th. Leaves 2 or 2| inches long. Corirtccoui-leaved Carissa. Shrub. 16 C. Madagascarie'nsis (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 80.) shrub spiny; leaves ovate-roundish ; flowers small ; fruit round. 1; . S. Na- tive of Madagascar. Very like C. xylopicron, but smaller in all its parts ; and the fruit round, not oblong. Madagascar Carissa. Tree small. 17 C. AbyssInica (R. Br. in Salt. trav. append.) this species has not yet been described. V^ • S. Native of Abyssinia. Abyssinian Carissa. Shrub or tree. Cult. See Strophdnthus, p. 85. for culture and propagation. LXI. HUNTE-RIA (named by Roxburgh after William Hunter, M. D., of the Bengal medical establishment; an emi- nent botanist, and author of various papers m the Asiatic Re- searches, of the History of Pegu, &'c.). Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 531. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Corolla funnel-shaped: having the tube gibbous at the base, and swelled a little at the mouth ; segments oblique. Stamens 5, with very short filaments, and ovate, inclosed anthers. Ovarium girded by an annular fleshy ring, ovate, 2-lobed, 2- celled ; with 2 ovula in each, attached by their base to the bottom of the partition. Stigma ovate, 2-lobed, inclosed. Berries twin, distinct, roundish-ovate, pulpy, 2-seeded. — Trees with opposite, entire leaves ; and terminal, corymbose, small, white flowers. — This genus differs from Carissa in the species being unarmed, not thorny ; and in the berries being twin, not solitary. 1 H. corymbosa (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 532.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, pointed, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, decus- sate ; lobes of calyx ovate. fj . S. Native of the Prince of Wales's Island. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Flowers numerous, small, white. Corymbose-i\o\\ ered Hunteria. Tree. 2 H. eugeni.ef6i.ia (W^all. cat. no. 1615.) downy in every part; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong, acuminated; panicles terminal, trichotomous ; lobes of calyx rounded, f; . S. Na- tive of Penang. Nerium coraca. Herb. Ham. Leaves purplish beneath. Flowers rather large. Eugenia-leaved Hunteria. Tree. ? 3 H. coria'cea (Wall. cat. no. 1610.) leaves coriaceous, gla- brous, shining above and pale beneath, obtuse ; racemes short, axillary, and lateral. h . S. Native of Singapore. Flowers small. CoWaceo«.s-leaved Hunteria. Tree or shrub. 4 H.? FAScicuLARis (Wall. cat. no. 1612.) leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, pale beneath ; peduncles short, many-flowered, panicled, axil- lary. 'r.S. Native of the Pundua mountains. Fasc(c/«/-flowered Himteria. Shrub or tree. 5 H. ? atrovIrens (Wall. cat. no. 1614.) leaves elliptic, VOL. IV. "I" Genera hardly known. LXII. MONETIA (so named by L'Heritier in honour of his friend Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Knight of Lamarck, of the Academy of Sciences of Paris, author of Flora Gallica, and of the Encyclopedie Methodique Botanique, &c.). L'Her. stirp. nov. t. 1. Azlma, Lam. ex Juss. gen. 425. Lam. diet. 1. p. 343. Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx ventricose, cam- panulate, 3-4-cleft. Petals 4, linear, alternating with the seg- ments of the calyx, somewhat reflexed at the apex. Stamens 4, inserted in the receptacle, alternating with the petals ; fila- ments thickened ; anthers sagittate, incumbent. Style short ; stigma acute. Fruit rather fleshy, pea-formed, 2-celled; cells 1-seeded. Seeds orbicular, compressed, or peltate. — Evergreen spiny shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire, coriaceous. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile, small. According to Lamarck, Azlma is nearly allied to Carissa, but differs in the corolla being poly- petalous, and in the stamens being hypogynous. 1 M. tetraca'ntha ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, pun- gent at apex ; spines stipular, 4 in a whorl. \i . S. Native of the East Indies. M. barlerioides, Lher. stirp. t. I. Azima tetracantha. Lam. diet. 1. p. 339. — Seb. thes. 1. t. 13. f. 1. Branches slightly 4-cornered. Flowers axillary, few, in clusters, of threes at the top, green. Four-lhorned Moneua. Fl. Jidy. Clt. 1758. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 2 M. diaca'ntha (Willd. spec. 1. p. 670.) spines opposite ; leaves downy beneath, ovate, petiolate. I? . S. Native of the East Indies. Azima diacantha. Lam. diet. 1. p. 340. — Pluk. aim. 27. t. 133. f. 3.— Rheed. mal. 5. p. 73. t. 37. Two-thorned Monetia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85. LXIII. ALATIA (meaning unknown to us). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 34. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-lobed. Corolla tubular, ventricose ; with a 5-parted twisted limb ; seg- ments plicately sinuated on one side. Anthers acute, distinct, connivent ; filaments bound by the pistil. .Style filiform, with 5 appendages. Stigma capitate, acuminated, enclosed by the anthers. — A weak, climbing, lactescent shrub, clothed with numerous, terminal, purplish flowers. Leaves opposite. 1 A. Thoua'rsii (Rcem. coll. 1. p. 203. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 436.). Tj . ^. S. Native of Madagascar. Petit Thouars's Alafia. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. LXIV. LEUCONOTIS (from XevKoe, leucos, white, and ove (OTvg, ous otos, an ear). Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 121. Lin. syst. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Co- rolla tubular; limb 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inclosed. Ovarium simple, 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Style short. Stigma annular below and conical above. Berry 1-3-seeded. Seeds exalbu- minous. Embryo inverted. — A lactescent shrub, with opposite leaves and axillary dichotomous corymbs of yellow flowers. 1 L. a'nceps (Jack, I. c). fj . S. Native of Sumatra, where it is called Akar-Morai by the Malays. Branches 4-sided. Leaves oblong-acuminated, smooth, having the nerves connected by marginal arches. Two-edged Leuconotis. Shrub large. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85. P 106 ASCLEPIADE^. Order CLIII. ASCLEPIA^DEjE (this order contains plants agreeing with A.iclepias in important characters). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 19. prod, 458. — Apocynese, part. Juss. gen. p. 143. Adans. fam. p. 160. Contortae, part. Lin. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted (f. 16. a. f. 17. a.), permanent. Corolla monopetalous (f. 16. b. f. 17. c. f. 20. b.), hypogynous, 5-lobed (f. 16. b. f. 17. b. f. 20. b.), regular, imbricate in £es- tivation (f. 20. b.), rarely valvate, deciduous. Stamens 5, in- serted in the bottom of the corolla, alternating with the seg- ments of the limb ; filaments usually connected ; anthers 2-celled (f. 17. h. f. 15. d.), but sometimes almost 4-celIed from a semi-complete dissepiment in each of the true cells ; pollen at the bursting of the anthers coalescing in an equal number of masses to the cells of the anthers, rarely twin or confluent by pairs, or by fours, or solitary, fixed to the 5 processes of the stigma. Ovaria 2. Styles 2, close together, often very short ; stigma common to both, dilated, pentagonal : having the angles bearing corpuscles. Follicles 2, one of which is often abortive : having tiie placenta applied to the suture, but is at length free. Seeds numerous, imbricate, pendulous, usually furnished with a tuft of hairs at the umbilicus. Albumen twin. Embryo straight, with foliaceous cotyledons, a superior radicle, and inconspicuous plumule. — Shrubs, rarely herbs, for the most part lactescent and climbing. Leaves entire, usually opposite, but sometimes also alternate and verticillate, usually furnished with intrapetiolar cilia in place of stipulas. Flowers subum- bellate, fascicled or racemose, interpetiolar. This differs from all other dicotyledonous orders in the pollen of all the anthers in each flower being combined in a definite number of masses of a waxy substance, which, at the bursting of the anthers, are fixed to the 5 glandLdar processes of the stigma ; in this structure it has some analogy with Orchidece, a monocotyledonous order. It differs from Apocynece, to which it is nearly allied, in having the stamens united into a fleshy crown, and in the substance of the anthers. Periploca glabra is the only instance of an Asclepiadeous plant being a hardy shrub ; every other woody species of the order being natives of hot countries. The genus Hhya com- prehends fleshy-leaved, climbing, or creeping plants, with umbels of waxen odoriferous flowers, distilling honey. Pcr- gularia is valued for its fragrance ; Cerojiegia and other genera for their singularity; and Asclepias for beauty and hardiness. But the most remarkable genera of the order are StajieUa, Duvdlia, Pectinaria, O'rbca, Tridentia, Huernia, Piarunlhus, &c. in which the stems are fleshy and of various forms, and the leaves supplied by small thick points or scales, and whose flowers are not less singular for their curious organization, than they are for their colouring and spotting, and offensive for their odour. The root of Diplolepis vomitdrium, Asclepias curas- sdvica, Colotrnpis prucera, and some others is employed in diflTerent countries for ipecacuanha. An infusion of the root of Asclepias decumbens has the singular pioperty of exciting perspiration, whence it is successfully used in Virginia for pleurisy. Notwithstanding the poisonous nature of the greater number 13 of the species of this order, yet the young shoots of some are used as an article of food ; of this nature are Perguhlrta edulis, Oxystelma esculentum, Hemidesmus I'ndicus, and some others. Synopsis of the genera. Tribe 1. Orthophura'moe. Asclepiadece vercB, part. R.Br, in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 21. Pollen masses 10, erect (f. \5.d.) or conni- vent, smooth, fixed by pairs to the corpuscles of the stigma : that is 5 Z-celled anthers, sej)arable into 2 parts by a longi- tudinal furrorv. Subtribe \. Stapelie'^. Pollen masses erect (f. 16. d.) or connivent, lying on the stigma, fixed by the base or beneath the middle of the side. Anthers simjile at top, that is, not terminated by a membrane. fj 1. Column of fructification or gynostegium inclosed. Stami- neous corona appendiculate outside. 1 Cerope'gia. Tube of corolla ventricose from the base; limb 5-parted, with ligular, conniving segments. Stamineous corona double ; leaflets of the inner corona opposite the lobes of the outer one. 2 Hue'rnia. Corolla campanulate, with a 10-cleft limb : having the 5 accessary segments short. Corona double : outer one 5-cleft, with bifid segments : inner one of 5 leaflets, altern- ating with the segments of the outer one. 3 Piara'nthus. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft; corona sim- ple, 5-leaved ; leaflets dentately crested on the back. § 2. Column of fructification, or gynostegium, exserted or semi- exserted, ajipendiculate outside. Pollen masses having one of the edges or margins p)ellucid. 4 Stape'lia. Corona double : outer one of 5 undivided leaflets, whicli are usually toothed on the back ; leaflets of the inner one opposite the anthers, sometimes obsolete. 5 Gonoste'mon. Corona double : outer one of 5 distinct, canaliculate, obtuse, mucronate leaflets : of the inner one unci- form, obtuse, opposite the anthers, sometimes obsolete. 6 Poda'nthes. Corona double : outer one 5-parted to the middle ; the segments channel-formed, rhomboid, deeply emar- ginate or bifid : those of the inner form of a reversed foot. 7 Tride'ntea. Corona double : outer one of 5 tridenti- form, distinct leaflets : those of the inner corona unequally bi- partite. 8 Tromotriche. Corona double : outer one 5-parted to the base ; with cuneate, rhomboid, or serrated, horizontal segments ; leaflets of the inner unequally bipartite ; inner branch longer, recurved, clavate. Corolla smooth, not wrinkled or corrugated as in the other genera separated from Stapelia, ciliated with clavate trembling glands. 9 O'rbea. Corona double : outer one of 5 long, spreading, bi-tridentate leaflets ; of the inner unequally bifid, having the inner branch longer, incurved, and clavate at apex. Corolla ASCLEPIADE^. stellate, corrugated, furnished with a large, elevated orb in front of the segments. 10 Obe\sia. Corona double; outer one undivided or 5- lobed, short ; segments of the inner corona short, spreading. Corolla without any orb. 11 Duva'lia. Corona double : segments of the outer one bifid : of the inner one unequally bifid, galiately hooked. Co- rolla having the segments bent more or less to one side. 12 Caruncula'ria. Corona double: outer one 5-parted ; segments short, spreading, emarginate ; those of the inner co- rona unequally bifid, globose and granulately carunculate at top, and attenuated at the base; the granules of various forms. 13 Pectina'ria. Corona double ; both ciliately multifid, not divided into leaflets. 14 Caralld'ma. Corona simple, 10-parted ; the 5 segments opposite the stamens are obtuse and undivided : the outer 5 are bipartite and acute (f. 1.5. c). 15 BoucEROsiA. Corona simple, 15-lobed; lobes disposed in a double series, all simple : the 5 inner ones laying upon the anthers. Corolla subeampanulate. 16 HutchInia. Corona simple, 20-lobed : the 5 inner lobes lying upon the anthers. Corolla subeampanulate. 17 Eriope'talum. Corona simple, 15-lobed: the 5 inner lobes lying upon the anthers. Corolla subeampanulate. Seg- ments linear. 18 Microste'mma. Corona simple, 5-lobed; lobes altern- ating with the anthers, sometimes there is a short tooth be- tween each lobe. Pollen masses fixed by the middle. 19 Leptade'nia. Corona wanting. Corolla subrotate: hav- ing the throat crowned by 5 scales. Pollen masses fixed by the base, pellucid at top. 20 Othanthe'ra. Corona wanting. Corolla urceolate, with a naked throat. Pollen masses as in Leptadenia. 21 Brachyste'ema. Corona simple, 5-cleft, naked on the back. Pollen masses erect, fixed by the base. Corolla campa- milate(f. 16. b.). 22 Fische'ria. Corona simple, truncate, girded by a ring at the base. Pollen masses fixed by the middle of the side. Corolla rotate, with curled segments. SuBTRiBE II. Hoya'ce^. Polleu masses erect or connivent, lying vpon the stigma, fixed by the base or by the middle of the side. Anthers terminated by a membrane. § 1 . Stamineous tube appendiculate outside. 23 HoYA. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets depressed, fleshy, drawn out into a tooth inside, which lies upon the anthers. Corolla rotate. 24 Pteroste'lma. Corona simple, 5-leaved; leaflets mem- branous, with reflexed sides, each drawn out into a subulate tooth inside. Corolla rotate. 25 Physoste'ima. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets in- flated; filaments 10, or 5 bipartite to the base, each alter- nate filament or leg bearing an anther. Corolla rotate. 2C Tylophora. Corona simple, 5-leaved; leaflets depressed, 107 Pollen fleshy, toothless inside, pressed to the gynostegium. masses transverse or ascending. Corolla rotate. 27 Beloste'mma. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets linear- oblong, fleshy, fixed vertically to the middle of the gynos- tegium, spreading. Pollen masses sub-ascending. Corolla rotate. 28 Marsde'nia. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets com- pressed, undivided at the apex, toothless inside. Corolla rotate. 29 CosMosTiGMA. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets com- pressed, bifid, toothless inside. Anthers ventricose. Stigma crowned by a narrow, flexuous, repand margin. Corolla rotate. 30 Heteroste'mma. Corona simple, 5-leaved; leaflets di- lated, each furnished with a process inside. Pollen masses te- tragonal, pellucid on one margin. Corolla rotate. 31 Pergula'ria. Corona simple, 5-leaved; leaflets com- pressed, undivided at apex, furnished each with a little segment inside. Corolla rotate. 32 DiscHiDiA. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets compressed, bifid at apex, having the lobes recurved. Corolla rotate. 33 Leptoste'mma. Corona simple, 5-leaved; leaflets cor- date or sagittate. Corolla tubular, with a constricted throat, closed with scales or fascicles of hairs. 34 Tripl'ospe'rma. Corona simple, 5-lobed ; lobes spread- ing, stellate, acute, large. Corolla funnel-shaped, with conni- vent segments. Seeds 3 rows in each follicle. 35 Harrisonia. Corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets undi- vided at the apex, each furnished with a fleshy tooth or process inside. Corolla urceolate, 5-toothed, with a naked throat. § 2. Stamineous tube inappendiculate outside. 36 Conchophy'elum. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at end. Follicles smooth. Corolla urceolate, with a bearded throat. 37 Gymne'ma. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at end. Follicles slender, smooth. Corolla urceolate ; throat crowned by scales, but sometimes toothless. 38 Sarcolobus. Seeds naked, marginate. Follicles ventri- cose, fleshy. Corolla subrotate, with a toothless throat. Tribe II. GoNOLOBEiE. AsclepiMece verce, part. R. Br. in mem. rvern. sac. \. p. 21 . Pollen masses 10, transverse, attached by pairs to the corpuscles of the stigma, fixed by the outer extremity (f. 17. h.), and hiding the stigma, dehiscing transversely in respect to the cells, that is 5 2-celled anthers, separable into 2 parts by a transverse furrorv. Stamineous corona simple, of 1 lcaf{f. 17. d.), lobed. Anthers naked at the ap>ex, terminated by a mem- brane. 39 GoNoLOBUS. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at end. Follicles usually ribbed or muricated. Stems twining. 40 Mate'lea. Seeds naked, crenated. Stem erect. Tribe III. Asclepie'*. Asclepiadece verce, part. R. Br. in mem. nern- soc. l.p. 21. Pollen masses 10, smooth, 2 a]>j}crtaining to each 108 ASCLEPIADE^. anther, fixed to the corpuscles of the stigma, by the apex or above the middle of the side, pendulous, that is 5 anthers, separable into 2 parts by a longitudinal furrow. Anthers terminated by a membrane. § 1. Stamineous tube appendiculate. Corona simp)le, 5-leaved ; leaflets opjiosite the anthers ; and sometimes with as many small segments between the others in the same series. 41 Ascle'pias. Corolla 5-parted, reflexed (f. 18. e.). Leaf- lets of corona cucullate, seated on the top of the tube of the filaments : having a little horn-formed segment running from the bottom of each, lying in the hollow. Follicles slender, smooth. 42 PoLYOTUs. Corolla rotate, 5-parted, reflexed. Leaflets of corona ovate-concave, without any appendage inside, but auriculate at the base. Follicles slender, smooth, or villous. 43 Ensle'nia. Corolla 5-parted, erect. Corona simple, 5- parted, petaloid, flat, truncate ; the segments ending in a bifid thread. Stigma conical, subilamellate. Follicles slender, smooth. 44 Gomphoca'rpus. Corolla 5-parted, reflexed. Leaflets of corona subcucullate, furnished with a tooth on each side, but without any appendage inside. Follicles inflated, ramen- taceous. 45 Ota'ria. Corolla 5-parted, reflexed. Corona 5-leaved, seated on the upper part with the tube of the filaments ; leaflets cucullate : having a horn-formed process running from the bottom, and biauriculate on the inside at the base. Follicles. ? 46 Oxyste'lma. Corolla rotate, not reflexed. Leaflets of corona acute, or acuminated, toothless inside. Follicles smooth. 47 Iphisia. Corolla rotate. Leaflets of corona narrow at top, toothless inside. Follicles smooth. 48 Penta'tropis. Corolla rotate. Leaflets of corona ver- tically adnate to the gynostegium, averse and free at top. Pollen masses fixed beneath the apex. 49 Raphiste'mma. Corolla campanulate. Leaflets of co- rona elongated, compressed. Follicles ventricose. Gynoste- gium appendiculate outside. ? 50 Ukoste'lma. Corolla campanulate. Corona 5-lobed ; lobes obtuse. Gynostegium furnished with 5 long membranous processes, each process furnished with a filiform appendage. Follicles muricated. 51 Ana'ntherix. Corolla subcampanulate, 5-cleft. Corona 5-lobed ; lobes compressed, empty inside, incurved ; furnished with a little segment at the apex inside. Follicles muricated. 52 Xysmalobium. Corolla somewhat campanulate ; with a ventricose tube. Gynostegium exserted. Pollen masses com- pressed. Leaflets of corona obtuse, fleshy, alternating with 5 small denticulations. Follicles ventricose, ramentaceous. 53 Calotropis. Corolla, gynostegium, and pollen masses as in Xysmalobium. Leaflets of corona adnate, longitudinally averse, recurved at the base. Follicles ventricose, smooth. 54 Oxype'talum. Corolla, gynostegium, and pollen masses as in Xysmalobium. Leaflets of corona fleshy, obtuse. Pollen masses fixed to the curvatures of the processes, which at length are ascending. 55 Schube'rtia. Corolla funnel-shaped, ventricose at the base. Gynostegium exserted. 1 Leaflets of corona adnate to the tube of the filaments, lanceolate, connivent. Follicles un- known. 56 Lachnostoma. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped ; with a bearded throat. Gynostegium and pollen masses as in Xysma- lobium. Leaflets of corona lunately 2-lobed, fleshy ; lobes linear. 57 Macrosce'pis. Calyx exceeding the corolla. Corolla and pollen masses as in Xysmalobium. Gynostegium saucer- shaped, hardly exceeding the tube of the corolla. Corona of 5, fleshy, roundish, rather concave scales. 58 Arau'jia. Corolla campanulately urceolate (f. 20. c.) ; with 5 swellings at the base. Gynostegium inclosed. Leaflets of corona saccate, naked inside. Stigma bicornute at apex. Pollen masses fixed by the apex. ? 59 Kana'hia. Corolla campanulate. Gynostegium inclosed. Leaflets of corona dilated from the base, subulate, simple in- side. Pollen masses ventricose, fixed by their apexes. Stigma mutic. 60 Diplo'lepis. Corolla urceolate. Gynostegium inclosed. Leaflets of corona furnished each with a small, parallel segment inside. Pollen masses ventricose, fixed beneath their apices. § 2. Gynostegium appendiculate. Corona simple, of one piece : having its tube sometimes furnished with segments or keels in- side. Corolla subrotate. 61 Holoste'mma. Corona annular, quite entire. Pollen masses compressed. 62 Cyna'nchum. Mouth of corona 5-20-cleft, when only 5-cleft the lobes are opposite the anthers. 63 Metaple'xis. Corona 5-parted ; lobes alternating with the anthers. § 3. Gynostegium appendiculate. Corona compound, in 2-3 series, each series with a distinct insertion. Throat of corolla rvithout scales. 64 Dita'ssa. Corona double ; outer one 5-parted, with acuminated segments ; segments of interior one shorter and opposite those of the outer one. 65 Da;'MiA. Corona double ; outer ones 5-parted, some- times alternating with smaller segments ; inner one longer, and alternating with the outer one : having the segments loose or free to the base. Follicles ramentaceous. 66 Sarcoste'mma. Corona double ; outer one cup-shaped or annular, crenated ; inner one longer and 5-parted ; both fleshy. Follicles slender, smooth. 67 Philibe'rtia. Corona double ; exterior one annular, entire, fleshy, undulated ; inner one inserted on the top of the gynostegium, of 5 entire, fleshy segments. Corolla urceolate, sinuately 5-lobed, furnished with small teeth between the seg- ments. 68 Euste'gia. Corona triple, each composed of 5 segments ; outer one inserted in the throat of the corolla, and opposite its segments ; segments of the middle one tripartite ; inner one undivided. ASCLEPIADEiE. I. Ceropegia. 109 § 4. Slamineous tube or gynoslegium naked. Corona wanting. 69 Metaste'lma, Throat of corolla campanulate, crowned by 5 teeth, which run down the tube. 70 MiCROLOMA. Throat of corolla urceolate, naked. Scales in the tube 5, inclosed, alternating uitli as many fascicles of hairs. 71 Aste'phanus. Throat of corolla suburceolate, naked; tube rather hairy. 72 Pentasa'chme. Corolla rotate ; throat crowned by 5 scales. Anthers free. Pollen masses fixed above the middle. 73 Hybanthe'ra. Corolla rotate. Anthers gibbous on the back. Stigma mutic. Tribe IV. Secam6ne.e. Pollen masses 20, erect, smooth, that is 4 to each anther, which are fixed to the tops of the 5 exsulcate cor- puscles of the stigma. Filaments connate, appendiculate outside. Corolla rotate. 74 Secamone. Corona 5-leaved ; leaflets compressed later- ally, fixed longitudinally by the margins, simple, averse. 75 Toxoca'rpus. Corona 5-leaved ; leaflets flattish on the back, and furnished with a little segment. 76 Gonioste'mma. Corona tubular, 5-angled, 5-lobed, ad- hering to the base of the gynostegium. Tribe V. PeriplocejE. Pollen masses 5-20, granular {each granule composed of 4 sperules), applied singly or by fours to the dilated free to]} of each corpuscle of the stig7na. Filaments partly or altogether distinct. Anthers connivent. 77 Hemide'smus. Filaments combined at the base, but dis- tinct at top, inserted in the tube. Anthers cohering, beardless. Pollen masses applied by fours to each corpuscle of the stigma. Corolla rotate : having 5 mutic scales inserted in the throat, under the sinuses. 78 Bracjiy'lepis. Filaments broad, short, distinct, inserted in the upper part of the tube. Anthers cohering, beardless. Pollen masses applied by fours to each corpuscle of the stigma. Corolla rotate : having 5 short, mutic segments in the throat, under the recesses ; tube clothed with a broad, fleshy scale inside. 79 Streptocau'lon. Filaments distinct, inserted in the tube. Anthers cohering by the base, but free and beardless at top. Pollen masses fixed singly to each corpuscle of the stigma. Corolla subrotate ; throat crowned by 5 short aristate scales under the sinuses ; anthers flexuous, erect, filiform, straight at the apex. 80 Deca'lepis. Filaments distinct, inserted in the upper part of the throat, along with the 5 upper scales, and com- bined with them to the middle. Anthers cohering at the base, but distinct at top and beardless, ending each in a sub- dilated appendage. Pollen masses as in Strcptocaulon. Corolla subrotate, crowned by 5 oblong-oval, flat, mutic scales, in the throat under the sinuses ; and furnished with 5 linear, obtuse scales in the tube. 81 FiNLAYSoNiA. Filaments distinct, inserted in the throat inside tubercles. Anthers cohering at the base, each terminated by a broad ovate point. Pollen masses as in Hemidesmus. Corolla rotate ; having the throat crowned by 5 awned tuber- cles, under the sinuses ; awns capillary, erect, hooked at apex. 82 Periploca. Filaments distinct. Anthers combined, bearded. Pollen masses applied singly to each corpuscle of the stigma. Corolla rotate : having 5 aristate scales in the throat. 83 Phtllanthe^ra. Filaments distinct. Anthers cohering, beardless, ending each in a dilated, foliaceous meml)rane. Pollen masses applied by fours to each corpuscle of the stigma. Corolla deeply 5-parted ; throat naked ? 84 Leposma. Anthers inserted above the base of the tube of the corolla. Pollen masses fixed by pairs to each corpuscle of the stigma. Corolla rotate, furnished with 5 fleshy scales in the throat, which cover the genitals. So Gymnantiie'ra. Filaments distinct. Ant!;ers cohering, beardless. Pollen masses fixed by fours to each corpuscle of the stigma. Corolla salver-shaped. 86 Cryptoste'gia. Filaments distinct, short, inserted in the bottom of the tube of the corolla. Anthers cohering, inclosed. Pollen masses fixed singly to each corpuscle of the stigma. Segments of calyx long, lanceolate. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped ; tube furnished with 5 bipartite scales inside, which cover the anthers, being opposite them. Tribe I. ORTHOPHURA'MI^E (from opdoc, orthos, straight, and (pvpafia, phurama, a mass ; in reference to the pollen masses being erect). Asclepiadese veras, part. R. Br. in men), wern. soc. 1. p. 21. Pollen masses 10, erect (f. 15. d.) or connivent, smooth, waxy, fixed by pairs (f. 15. c.) to the 5 corpuscles of the stigma ; that is 5 anthers, separable into 2 parts by a lon- gitudinal furrow, (f. 15. c.) Subtribe I. Stapelie"*. Pollen masses fixed by the base or beneath the middle of the side, lying on the stigma. Anthers simple at top, that is, not terminated by a membrane, (f. 15. rf.) §1. Column of fructification, or gynostegium inclosed. Sla- mineous corona appendiculate outside. I. CEROPE'GIA (from /oijpoc, wax, and nrjyri, pege, a ioun- tain ; in reference to the waxy pollen masses). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 21. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 29. — Isaijra, Comm. in Poir. encycl. 3. p. 185. — Stephanotis, Pet. Th. nov. gen. mad. no. 35. in Reem. coll. p. 203. Juss. ann. mus. 15. p. 347. — Ceropegia species, Lin. and others. Lin. syst. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped, more or less ventricose from the base ; segments of the limb narrow, cohering at the apex. Column of fructi- fication inclosed. Stamineous corona 5-10-15-lobcd : the lobes disposed in a single or double series, ligulate, placed in front of the stamens. Anthers simple at the top : pollen masses erect, fixed by the base, with simple edges. Stigma mutic. Follicles cylindrical, smooth. Seeds comose. — Usually twining herbs or subshrubs, only sometimes lactescent. Leaves opposite. Roots fibrous or tuberous. The corona in this as in most of the genera in the present order consists of a single whorl of 5 leaves opposite the stamina, and alternating with the segments o{ the corolla. In Ceropegia the leaflets of the corona are mostly 3- lobed ; the lobes are sometimes distinct to near the base, form- 110 ASCLEPIADE^. I. Cerovegia. ing a 1 5-parted corona, more rarely or nearly altogether united, in this case forming a 10-15-lobed corona, and sometimes the lateral lobes become united to the middle one, and in this case present a 5-lobed corona. When the leaflets are distinct to near the base, the lateral segments approach and partially adhere to the back of the middle or primary one ; when we have them apparently in a double series, but when they are united to near the apex, the lateral segments remain distinct, and a single series only is fonned. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 30. § 1. Corona lO-lobed; lobes disposed in a simple series; alternate ones the shortest, ovate, obtuse, entire, or semibijid. 1 C. Lu'ciDA (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 33. t. 139.) glabrous, twining ; root fibrous ; leaves from broad-ovate to oblong-lan- ceolate, acuminated ; peduncles many-flowered ; calycine seg- ments subulate, recurved at apex ; corolla clavate, hardly ven- tricose at the base : segments of the limb attenuated, equal in length to the tube ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona united above the middle, with pilose edges : the primary ones recurved at top. 1^. '"'. S Native of Silhet and Prome. Co- rolla green, spotted with purple: the segments tipped with blackish purple, and ciliated at top. Shining Ceropegia. PI. tw. 2 C. iiihsu'ta (Wight, and Arnott. contrib. ind. bot. p. 30.) suflPruticose, hairy, twining ; leaves from cordate-ovate, bluntly acuminated, to narrow-lanceolate, acute ; peduncles few-flow- ered ; calycine segments filiform ; corolla clavate, ventricose at the base : segments of the limb widening upwards, shorter than the tube ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of corona united to the middle : the primary ones elongated and hooked at the apex ; follicles straight, glabrous. I? . ^. S. Native of the Neelgherry mountains. — Wight, cat. 1.510. Hairy Ceropegia. Shrub tw. 3 C. LONGiFLORA (Poir. encycl. 2. p. 177.) twining, glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate, subacuminated ; umbels erect, peduncu- late, length of leaves ; corolla long, cylindrical ; with nearly filiform, hairy segments ; corona unknown. 1/ . '^. S. Native probably of the East Indies. Leaves an inch long. Corolla an inch long, pale green or purplish. This species agrees with C. tuberbsa in the leaves, and with C. juncea in the flowers. Long-Jlowered Ceropegia. PI. twining. 4 C. ju'ncea (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 12. t. 10.) glabrous, rather fleshy, twining ; leaves small, sessile, lanceolate, acute; pedun- cles few-flowered ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla clavate, curved, ventricose at the base : segments of limb broadest up- wards, about equal in length to the tube, pilose ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of corona united to the middle : the primary ones hooked at apex. 1/ . '^. S. Native of the Circars, in hedges near Samulcottah, &c. Flowers large, greenish yellow, and elegantly variegated with purple. Root tuberous, with many- branched fibres. The plant is called Bella-gada by the Telin- gas, who eat every part of the plant. /Jiu/iJ/ Ceropegia. Clt. 1822. PI. tw. 5 C. Africa'na (R. Br. in bot. reg. t. 626.) glabrous, twin- ing; root tuberous: leaves ovate-lanceolate, fleshy; corolla ventricose at the base ; tube slender ; segments of the limb bearded; corona as in C. Wighlii. %.'^.S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, but more probably of the East Indies. Lodd. bot. cab. 906. Flowers erect, with a pentagonal throat, a green tube, and dark purple segments. .r^/r(con Ceropegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. tw. 6 C. WiGHTii (Graham, mss. Wight, in bot. mag. 3267.) glabrous, twining ; root tuberous ; leaves ovate, acute, fleshy ; corolla spherically ventricose at the base : tube slender : seg- ments of the limb downy ; lateral lobes of leaflets of corona united to the apex, glabrous : the primary ones fleshy, com- pressed laterally, curved outwardly in the middle, hardly twice the length of the others. '2^.'^. S. Native of the East Indies. Nearly allied to C. Africana in the form of the corolla and crown. Wight's Ceropegia. Clt. ? PI. tw. 7 C. Lu'sHii (Graham, in edinb. new. phil. journ. ex Hook, in bot. mag. 3300.) glabrous; leaves linear, acuminated, fleshy channelled ; tube of corolla globosely inflated at the base ; segments linear, hairy, approximate ; exterior lobes of stami- neous corona Innately emarginated, alternating with the interior ones, which are elongated, and cylindrically filiform, erect, flexuous, much longer than the exterior ones. 1^. '^. S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Root bulbous. Peduncles umbellate, axillary. Corolla yellowish green, tinged with purple ; segments deep purple and hairy within. Dr. Lush's Ceropegia. Clt. ? PI. tw. § 2. Corona apparently a double series of lobes ; the leaf- lets are nearly free to the base; the lateral lobes of the leaflets distinct, approximating the primary ones, and partly adhering to their backs. * Lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate, longer than the gynostegium. 8 C. e'legans (Wall. ascl. no. 4. in bot. mag. t. 3015. Wight, cat. no. 1512.) sufTruticose, glabrous, twining; root fibrous; leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles 1-6- flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments subulate, much shorter than the ventricose base of the corolla ; corolla with a clavate tube, a hemispherical limb, and broad ligulate segments, which are much shorter than the tube, and ciliated with long hairs ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate, one half shorter than the primary ones ; follicles slender, to- rulose, curved, 6-8 inches long. 1^ • ^- S. Native of the mountains of Dindygul and Neelgherry. Corollas purple. Elcgatit Ceropegia. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1828. Shrub tw. 9 C. macra'ntha (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 31.)suftluti- cose, twining ; leaves ovate, acuminated, ciliated; umbels few- flowered, on short peduncles ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla ventricose at the base ; limb rather dilated ; segments rounded-linear, villous inside ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate, hardly twice shorter than the middle ones. h . ^. S. Native of the Himalaya, at a place called Khurie- pass, Royle. The corolla of this species is from 2-3 inches long, and except the ventricose base is nearly cylindrical, which readily distinguishes it from C. klegans, a nearly allied species. Long-flowered Ceropegia. Shrub tw. IOC. LONGiFOLiA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 56. t. 73.) downy, twining ; root fibrous ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, much attenuated; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; corolla ven- tricose at the base : with a clavate tube ; segments of the limb almost one half shorter than the tube, broadest upwards and ciliated ; lobes of the leaflets of the corona hairy : lateral ones narrow-ligulate, almost one half shorter than the middle or primary ones. 1/. '^. S. Native of Nipaul, in hedges. Flowers brownish green ; with a yellow limb. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 1 broad. Long-leaved Ceropegia. PI. tw. lie. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Wight, coutrib. ind. bot. p. 31.) downy, twining ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, much attenuated : peduncles many-flowered ; corolla hardly ventricose at the base : tube almost cylindrical ; segments of the limb broadest upwards, much shorter than the tube ; lobes of the leaflets of corona narrow, ligulate : lateral ones hairy, about one half shorter than the middle ones. 1(. '^. S. Native of Silhet. Ceropfegia, Wall. ascl. nos. 8. 13. 19. Nearly allied to C. longifblia. ASCLEPIADEiE. I. Ceropegia. Ill Narrow-leaved Ceropegia. PI. tw. * * Lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate, shorter than the gynostegium. 12 C. sphena'ntha (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 31.) twining, glabrous ; leaves distant, lanceolate, attenuated; pediuicles many-flowered ; calyx minute, witli filiform segments; corolla ventricose at the base ; tube clavate ; limb hemisphe- rical : segments broadest upwards, long-ciliated ; lobes of leaf- lets of corona ligulate : lateral ones shorter than the gynoste- gium, hairy. 1^. '^. S. Native among the Neelgherry moun- tains.— Wall. ascl. no. 6. Wight, cat. no. 1513. Bound-floivered Ceropegia. PI. tw. 13 C. lanceola'ta (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 31.) twining, glabrous ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, finely acuminated ; pedun- cles many-flowered ; calycine segments filiform, exceeding the ventricose base of the corolla ; tube clavate ; limb dilated : segments much shorter than the tube ; middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona a little longer than the gynostegium, but the lateral ones are shorter, acute, and ciliated; follicles slender, glabrous, li. '^. G. Native of Nipaul. Ceropegia, Wall, cycl. no. 12. LanceolateAeaxed. Ceropegia. PI. tw. 14 C. pusIlla (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) herbaceous, gla- brous, erect; root tuberous; leaves linear; flowers solitary, ascending ; corolla ventricose at the base : tube cylindrical : segments of the limb much shorter than the tube ; middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona a little longer than the gynostegium, but the lateral ones are a little shorter. %. G. Native of the Neelgherry mountains. Ceropegia, Wall. ascl. no. 7. Least Ceropegia. PI. ^ foot. * * * Lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona acuminated, approximating the primary ones : leaflets as well as their lateral lobes interjected by broad sinuses at their apices. 15 C. BULBOSA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 11. t. 7.) twining, glabrous, rather fleshy ; root tuberous ; leaves from almost orbicular to lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments much shorter than the ventricose base of the corolla ; tube of corolla sub-clavate ; segments of the limb broadest upwards, much shorter than the tube, ciliated ; middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona subulate, incurved at top : lateral ones minute, acuminated, lying on the primary ones. 1/ . '^. S. Native of Coromandel, at Samulcottah, Ne- gapatam, Allahabad, Src. Wight, in Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 99, suppl. t. 2. The plant is called Manchy Mandu by the Telin- gas. Root flattish, solid, edible. Flowers large, erect, with a greenish tube and a purple limb ; having the segments united at the apex. Bulbous-xooteA Ceropegia. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1821. PI. tw. 16 C. acumina'ta (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 12. t. 8.) herbaceous, twining, glabrous, rather fleshy ; root tuberous ; leaves linear- lanceolate, attenuated at the apex ; peduncles many-flowered ; corolla ventricose at the base : tube subclavate : segments of the limb much shorter than the tube ; primary or middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona subulate : lateral ones minute. "H. . '^. S. Native of Coromandel, at Samulcottah, where it is called Commoa-manda by the Telingas. Root solid, flat. Leaves 2-4 inches long, and 4-C lines broad. Flowers exactly as in C. bulbosa. Acuminaled-\ea.veA Ceropegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. tw. 17 C. STEPHANOTis (Rccm.et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 4.) twining, glabrous, frutescent ; leaves ovate, coriaceous, marginated, acu- minated ; peduncles axillary, generally 3-flovvered ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; corolla glabrous, vrith ovate, acute lobes ; corona unknown. [7 . '^. S. Native of Madagascar. Isaiira allicia, Comm. in Poir. encycl. 3. p. 185. Stephanotis, Pet. Th. nov. gen. mad. no. 35. in Ilccm. coll. ]). 203. Leaves 3 inches long and l| broad, yellowish green. Corolla pale yellow. Cronn-earcd Ceropegia. Shrub tw. * * * * Lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona very short, obtuse, or altogether cohering with the middle ones. 18 C. Arnottia'na (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 32.) twining, glabrous ; stems slender ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, mucronu- late ; peduncles short, many-flowered ; calycine segments nar- row-subulate, longer than the ventricose base of the corolla ; tube short, widened a little upwards ; segments of the limb filiform, connivent, longer than the tube ; middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate : lateral ones short, obtuse, ap- proximate, adnate to the back of the primary ones, even to the apex, with a sm;dl distinct recess or sinus, ciliated a little. i}.; '^. S. Native of hills about Prome. Ceropegia, Wall, ascl. no. 3. Arnott's Ceropegia. PI. tw. 19 C. WALLiciiii (Wight, in bot. mag. 3267.) erect; root tuberous ; leaves ovate, sessile, approximate towards the top of the stem, ciliated ; peduncles lateral, short, 1-ftowered; caly- cine segments subulate ; corolla ventricose at the base : tube widened upwards : segments of the limb broadest at top, con- nivent, densely ciliated ; primary lobes of the leaflets of the corona filiform : sublateral ones short, obtuse, ciliated ; follicles very long, glabrous. %. '^. S. Native of the Himalaya, Royle ; near Lahooghat, in Kamaon, Lindsay, Ceropegia erecta ?, Wall, ascl, no. 1. IVallich's Ceropegia. Clt. ? PI. erect. 20 C. pube'scens (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 81. t. 187.) her- baceous, twining ; stems glabrous ; leaves ovate, finely acumin- ated, downy on both surfaces; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; corolla cylindrical, hardly ventrico.se at the base : segments of the limb broadest at the base, somewhat cor- date, tapering upwards, and connivent ; primary lobes of the leaflets of the corona subulate, recurved at t(ip : lateral ones marginating the primary ones, or altogether adnate. 1/ . '^. S. Native of Nipaul, on mount Chandaghiry. Corolla glabrous outside, villous inside at the base, with a purple tube, and yel- lowish pentagonal limb. Leaves 3 inches long, ciliated. Downy Ceropegia. PI. tw. 21 C. tuberosa (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 12. t. 6.) herbaceous, gla- brous, twining ; leaves from nearly orbicular to oval or ovate, cuspidate, as also lanceolate, finely acuminated ; pedmicles usually twin, few or many-flowered, longer or shorter than the leaves ; calyx small : with subulate segments ; corolla ventri- cose at the base : having the tube widened upwards ; segments of the limb narrow, nearly linear, villous, one half shorter than the tube, with approximate edges; gynostegium stipitate : middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate : lateral ones marginating the ))rimary ones, or altogether adnate ; follicles slender. It- '^. S. Native on the Coromandel coast, frequent; and in sandy ))!aces near Negapatam, in Tanjore. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 23. Wight, cat. no. 1516. C. mucronata. Roth, nov. spec. p. 1 79. C. biflora, Lin. spec. 309. ? C. candelabrum, Rottl. herb. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 27. but not of Lin. 'i Flowers said to be tlic colour of those of C. hidbosa. This is a very variable species as regards the foliage, but is constant in the shape of its flowers, the slender segments of the limb with their margins approximating their whole length, and forming a straight beak to the corolla, and in the stalked gynostegium or cohmm of fructification. 112 ASCLEPIADE^. I. Ceropeoia. II. Huernia Tuherotts-rooted Ceropegia. Fl, April, Sept. Clt. 1821. PI. tw. 22 C. LouREiRii ; herbaceous, glabrous, procumbent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, with revolute edges ; umbels pendulous ; corolla with a large, globose base, and a small, 5-cleft limb. V-.'^. G. Native of Cochinchina, among bushes. Ceropegia candelabrum. Lour. coch. 114. Flowers white. Stigma sessile, bifid. Follicles slender. Loureiro's Ceropegia. PI. twining. 23 C. OBTU^SA (Lour. coch. 114.) twining, glabrous ; leaves oblong, obtuse; peduncles shorter than the leaves. 1(. '^. S. Native of Cochinchina, in the suburbs of Huaca. Flowers paler than those of C. tuberosum, from which it differs more in the shape of the leaves than in the flowers ; the follicles are also slenderer. Z?/«7ii-leaved Ceropegia. PI. tw. + Species hardly known. 24 C. candela'brum (Lin. spec. p. 309.). li.'^. S. Na- tive of Malabar. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 16. Leaves ovate, mucro- nate. Flowers erect, reddish or brownish purple ; with villous segments. This species has been taken up by Linnaeus from Rheede's figure. It seems to be nearly allied to C. tuberbsa, but has a very diflferent habit. The C. candelabrum of most modern authors is undoubtedly C, tuberbsa. Chandelier Ceropegia. PI. tw. 25 C. DicHOTOMA (Haw. syn. p. 13.) fleshy; stem erect, dichotomous, articulated, terete ; leaves linear, acute, horizontal ; having the veins and midrib white above. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies ? Flowers? Leaves l|^ inch long. Dichotomous-%temmeA Ceropegia. Shrub 1 foot. 26 C. ? campanulaVa ; root round, depressed : leaves linear ; corolla tubularly campanulate, 4-cleft ; calyx small, 4-5- toothed. % . S. Native of the Gold Coast, at Accra, among grass. Corolla dark purplish brown. Perhaps a new genus. There is also another species growing along with this, which differs from the first in the root being fusiform. The roots of both are eatable. Stem 1-2-flowered in both. Flowers ter- minal. Campanulate-RoviereA Ceropegia. PI. -^ foot. 27 C. ? aphy'lla (Haw. syn. p. 13. no. 2.) plant fleshy; branches dichotomous, articulated, weak, terete ; leaves stipula- formed, adprcssed. I; . '^. S. Native country unknown. Leafless Ceropegia. Siirub tw. 28 C. ? NiTiDA (Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 178.) leaves lanceo- late, bluntish, sliining above; umbels on short peduncles, tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Stem woody. Branches slender, elon- gated. Leaves subovate, sometimes elliptic, attenuated at the base, and sometimes acute at the apex, 1-2 inches long, and | broad. Shining-\eSi\eA Ceropegia. Shrub tw. 29 C. ? sinua'ta (Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 179.) leaves narrow- lanceolate, sinuated, acute at both ends ; umbels 4-6-flowered, much shorter than the leaves. %.'^.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 36. t. 15. Root a fascicle of fusiform simple tubers. Corolla tubular, pale red. There is only one follicle comes to perfection from each flower ; it is pendulous and long-acuminated. Seeds numerous, oblong, brown. Said to differ from Microlbma sagitlata in the leaves being longer and not sagittate at the base. Sinuated-\ea.ye& Ceropegia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. tw. 30 C. corda'ta (Lour. coch. 114.) leaves cordate ; umbels on long pendulous peduncles ; segments of corolla ovate, con- nivent. l^."^. S. Native of Cochinchina, in hedges. Flowers greenish yellow, in large, hemispherical, axillary umbels. Calycine segments small, ovate, acute. Perhaps the same as Cyndnchum cordifdlium, Retz. fasc. 2. p. 15. no. 37. Corrfa/e-leaved Ceropegia. Pi. tw. 31 C. stapeli«:f6rmis (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1827. p. • 121.) branchesj prostrate, fleshy, thong-formed, lurid, terete, nearly leafless, simple, clouded with brown. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species has the habit of O'rbea. Branches rough from tubercles. Leaves very minute, ternate, almost invisible, and as if they were adnate to the stem, cordate, cuspidate. Flowers sessile, rising from the axils of the leaves. Sfapelia-formed Ceropegia. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. PI. proc. Cidt. A mixture of peat, sand, and vegetable mould is the best soil for these plants ; cuttings of them root readily in sand, if placed in heat, without any hand-glass over them. They should have little or no water, when in a dormant state, parti- cularly the bulbous-rooted kinds. II. HUE'RNIA (named after Justus Huernius, one of the earliest collectors of Cape Plants, and from whose drawing the first account of Stajielia was taken,) R. Br. in. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 22. — Stapelia species, Lin. Juss. Mass. Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla campanulate; limb 10-cleft, the accessory segments small and tooth-formed. Column of fructification inclosed. Stamineous corona double ; outer one 5-cleft, with bifid segments ; inner one of 5 leaves, which are subulate from the gibbous base, alternating with the segments of the outer corona. Anthers simple at top. Pollen masses erect, fixed by the base, having one of the margins cartilaginous and pellucid. Stigma mutic. Follicles sub-cylin- drical, smooth. Seeds comose. — Succulent plants with the habit of Stapelia, natives of South Africa. 1 H. reticula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) branches pentagonal, denti- culated ; teeth spreading; corolla 10-angled ; tube bearded inside, widened into an elevated orb. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the fissures of rocks, toward Olifant's river. Stapelia reticultlta, Mass. stap. p. 9. t. 2. Sims, bot. mag. 1662. Jacq. stap. t. 20. H. reticulata difformis, Jacq. stap. 19. Corolla with a purplish bottom ; yellow limb dotted with purple. Flowers twin or tern. Branches deep green, with purple spots. Rcticulated-Roviered Huernia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub \ foot. 2 H. campanula'ta (R.Br. I.e.) branches 4 ■5-angled ; co- rolla sub-campanulate, having the bottom closed by clavate, horizontal pili ; ligulse repandly truncate, dark. ^ . S. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia campanulata, Mass. stap. p. 11. t. 6. Jacq. stap. t. 32. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1227. Branches glaucous, clouded with purplish marks. Limb of corolla sulphur-coloured, with numerous rose-coloured dots outside, and with numerous dark brown elevated dots inside, and striated with dark veins towards the base. Hairs in the throat blackish. Bottom of corolla black. This differs from the last species, in the bottom of the corolla being campanulate, and in the peduncles being 2-3-flowered. CV;?»;)(«!«/a/e-flowered Huernia. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1795. Shrub Y foot. 3 H. VENu'sTA (R. Br. 1. c.) branches 4-5 angled ; branchlets spreading, divaricate ; teeth of branches spreading, acute ; co- rolla with a glabrous tube, widened into an elevated orb. 1; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia venusta, Mass. stap. p. 10. t. 3, Jacq. stap. t. 23. Corolla large, with a sulphur-coloured limb, dotted with red ; having the bottom and elevated orbicle also dotted with red. Flowers solitary or twin. Peduncles deflexed. Graceful Huernia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub -i foot. ASCLEPIADE^. II. Huernia. III. Piaranthus. 113 4 H. LENTIGINOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) branclics pentaj^onal, spread- ing, furnished with liooked teeth or tubercles ; bottom of corolla girded by a concave, elevated orbicle ; alternate segments of the corolla obsolete. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia lentiglnosa. Curt. bot. mag. t. 505. Ait. hort, kew. ed. 2d. vol. 2. p. 97. Stems branched at top. This species agrees with H. guttdta, in the colour and form of the flowers ; but in H. guttata the peduncles are longer, rising from the base of a simple stem, and having the tubercles or teeth of the branches not hooked ; and the spots on the limb of the corolla are larger. FrecA-/ed-flowered Huernia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub ^ foot. 5 H. gutta'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) branches tetragonal and penta- gonal ; teeth or tubercles horizontal ; bottom of corolla girded by a concave, elevated orbicle ; stems simple at top, glaucous. I; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia gutt<\ta, Mass. stap. p. 10. t. 4. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 96. Allg. teutsch. gart. mag. 7. t. 41. Corolla sulphur-coloured, dotted with red, with a scabrous bottom, purplish outside. Pe- duncles length of flowers, by threes. Inner corona spotted with purple ; base wholly purple. .S';jo»erf-flowered Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub i foot. C H. hu'milis (R. Br. 1. c.) branches 4-5-angled, spreading ; teeth of branches acute, horizontal ; corolla orbicular ; flowers solitary. \^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia hijmilis, Mass. stap. p. 10. t. 5. Corolla with a campanulate tube, and a prominent ring. Orbicle dark purple, undulated, spotted with white ; limb sulphur-coloured, dotted with purple. This differs from the rest of the species, in the shortness of the stems, sniallness of the flowers, and solitary peduncles. Dwarf Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub \ foot. 7 H. tuba'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) branches simple, very thick, tetragonal : with large teeth ; flowers solitary ; corolla glabrous, dotted inside ; corona 10-lobed ; lobes roundish, ex Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10. Orbicle short. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia tubata, Jacq. stap. t. 23. Lodd. bot. cab. 225. Corolla glabrous, pp.le yellow inside, spotted with small red dots ; the throat also dotted. In Willd. enum. p. 287. the throat of the corolla is described as being pilose, and the limb flat. Var. /3 -, corolla 12-cleft. ^. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stap. duodecimfida, Jacq. t. 33 and 34. rwte-flowered Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1805. Shrub A foot. 8 H. CKispA (Haw. syn. p. 31.) branches 4-5-angled, simple, or usually confluent, curled : with svnall teeth. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia crispa, Hort. This is very distinct from botli H. barbata and //. lubala, but is perhaps only a monstrous variety of one of them. The teeth of the branches are smaller than in any other species. Cur/erf- branched Huernia. CI.? Shrub i foot. 9 H. barba'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) branches 4-5-angled, with spreading, acute teeth ; peduncles 2-3-flowered ; corolla almost closed with clavate, rufous bristles ; ligulse oblong-rhomboid, retuse. Pj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia barbata, Mass. stap. p. 11. t. 7. Jacq. stap. t. 4G. Corolla cream-coloured, variegated, witli elevated purple spots. Corona dark. Style white. Flowers in fascicles, at the base of the branches, ex Haw. syn. p. 31. Bearded-HoviereA Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub \ foot. 10 H. cLAViGERA (Haw. syu. p. 26. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10.) branches tetragonal, with spreading, stiff" teeth ; flowers solitary ; corolla campanulate, dotted inside ; ligulte 2-lobed, fj . S. VOL. IV. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia clavigera, Jacq. stap. t. 4. diar. lips. p. 269. Stapelia campanulita, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1661, but not t. 1293, which is the true S. campanulala. Corolla pale green, livid outside, obscure yellow inside, and furnished with blood-coloured dots, and clavate hairs ; exterior corona brown. Cluh-bearing Y{\\exxi\a.. Fl, July, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub i foot. 11 H. ocella'ta (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 9.) branches 4-5 angled ; corolla sub-campanulate ; the rest as in the other species. Pj . S, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia ocellata, Jacq. diar. lips. 1811. p. 270. stap. t. 40. Corolla greenish yellow, with purple marks. Occ//a; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pulla, Mass. stap. 21. t. 31. Sims, bot. mag. 1648. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1288, exclusive of the syn. Stapelia fasciculata, Thunb. Allg. teutsch. gart. Angles of branches a little sinuated, having strong teeth. Corolla dark purple. Flowers 3-4-together. Z)«rA:-flowered Piaranthus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 foot. 3 P. ? fascicula'tus (Ra?m. et Schultes, 6. p. 10.) branches usually hexagonal, with acute, spreading teeth ; flowers pedun- culate, fascicled. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, near Roggeveldsberg, on the Hanton hills. Branches decum- bent. Peduncles length of the joints of the branches. Fascicled-hranched Piaranthus. Shrub decumbent. 4 P. parviflorus (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 841.) branches tetra- gonal ; teeth thick, recurved ; corolla small, with narrow, flat, spreading segments, which are ciliated on the edges ; peduncles 2-3 together, longer than the flowers. h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Namaqua Land. Stapelia jiarvitlora, Mass. stap. p. 22. t. 35. Corollas yellow, size of those of Cyndnchum erectum. 6';Ha//-/owercrf Piaranthus. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub j foot. , 5 P. Gussonea'nus ; branches glaucous, tetragonal ; ang es toothed ; flowers in fascicles beyond the angles, small ; corollas glabrous. f; . S. Native of Sicily, on rocks. Stapelia Q lU ASCLEPIADE^. III. Piaranthus. IV. Stapelia. Gussoneana, Jacq. ex bot. reg. t. 1731. Corollas yellow, striped with brown, and tipped with purple. GuMone's Piaranthus. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1832. Slirub ^ foot. 6 P. a'ridus ; br;niches numerous, erect, tetragonal, Horife- rous at top : with spreading, acute teeth ; pedicels soHtary ; segments of corolla flat, ovate -lanceolate, setaceously ciliated at top ; bottom of corolla circular. Pj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the dry desert called Karro. Stapelia arida, Mass. stap. p. 21. t. 33. Corollas size of those of Cyndnchmn vincetoxicum, pale yellow, with a yellow, circular bottom, white corona: having the segments dotted at the base, and pilose at the apex, ex Willd. Teeth of branches curved, similar to spines. ^rirf Piaranthus. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub i foot. 7 P. incarna'tus ; branches erect, tetragonal : with spreading, acute teeth ; flowers aggregate, almost sessile ; segments of corolla narrow, flat, acute, ex Mass., obtuse, ex Thunb. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Saldanha Bay. Stapelia incani'^ta, Lin. suppl. p. 171. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 167. Mass. stap. p. 22. t. 44.— Burm. afr. p. 15. t. 7. f. 1 . Pedicels rising, as in other species, from the angles beyond the teeth. The herb is eaten by the Hottentots, ex Lin. Flowers small, flesh-coloured, size of those of Stapelia pilifera. Corona covering the gynostegium, viith a greenish margin, of 5 yellow, erect, bifid segments, and other 5 linear, inflexed ones, in the centre, ex Thunb. Var. (3, albus (Mass. stap. 1. c.) flowers white. Flesh-coloiired-Rowered Piaranthus. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub 1 foot. 8 P. mammila'ris ; branches hexagonal, bearing the flowers in the middle : furnished with spine-like, recurved tubercles ; pedicels shorter than the flowers ; corolla glabrous; segments lanceolate, with revolute edges, h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on rocks, about Olifant's river ; and towards the north, near Hex river, in the Karro. Stapelia mammilaris, Lin. mant. p. 216. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 166. — Burm. afr. p. 27. t. 11. Pedicels usually by fours. Mammilarij Viaranlhus. Fl. June, July. ■ Clt. 1774. Shrub. Cult. See Stapelia, p. 117, for culture and propagation. § 2. Column of fructificalion, or gynostegium, exserted, or semi- exserted, appendiculate outside. Pollen masses pellucid on one of the margins. IV. STAPE'LIA (named by Linnajus, after Boderus a Stapel, a physician of Amsterdam, Commentator on Theophrastus, in 1644.) H. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 23. — Stapelia species, Lin. and others. LiN. SYST. Pcntdndria, Digy'nia. Corolla rotate, 5 -cleft, fleshy. Column of fructification exserted. Stamineous corona double ; exterior one of 5 undivided leaflets ; interior one of 5 subulate leaflets. Anthers simple at top. Pollen masses fixed by the base, having one of the edges cartilaginous and pellucid. Stigma mutic. Follicles somewhat cylindrical, smooth. Seeds comose. — Fleshy, leafless, angular, usually tubercular plants, na- tives of south Africa, in the desert plains called Karro. Flowers for the most part showy, but with a nauseous, fetid odour. § 1. Branches or stems alately tetragonal, downy. 1 S. GRANmFL6RA(Mass. stap. p. 3. t. 11.) branches quadran- gular, clavate, downy ; tubercles or teeth remote ; corolla large, flattish : with ovate-lanceolate, acute segments, which are ci- liated on the edges. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. syn. p. 16. no. 1. Plant grey, from down. Peduncles 3-flowered. Corolla large, dark purple in the bot- tom ; but the segments are lighter purple, ciliated with grey hairs, and striped with white. Great-flowered ^ia^eWa.. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot. 2 S. specta'bilis (Haworth, syn. p. 16. no. 2.) branches tetr.agonal, downy ; tubercles or teeth remote ; segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate, furnished from the base behind the middle with dense red hairs, and having pale stripes on the upper surface, with black tips. H . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia grandiflora, Curt. bot. mag. 585, exclu- sive of the synonyms. Sheny Stapelia. Fl. Nov. Jan. Clt. 1802. Slirub 1 foot. 3 S. AMBiGUA (Mass. stap. p. 13. t. 12. Haw. syn. p. 17.) branches erect, quadrangular, clavate ; teeth remote, incurved ; corolla flat : with oblong-lanceolate, acute, hispid segments, which are ciliated on the edges ; leaflets of the inner corona cultriform, serrated on the back, and toothed at top ; peduncles 3-4- flowered. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. stap. 35. Corolla size of those of S. hirsuta, of a rufous, purple colour, variegated with transverse, dark, violaceous stripes, having the edges of the segments of an obscure violet colour. Ambiguous Stapelia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 S. SORORIA (Mass. stap. p. 23. t. 39. Jacq. stap. t. 22. 36, 37.) branches divaricate, quadrangular ; teeth remote, acute, incurved ; segments of corolla lanceolate, villous in the centre, and ciliated on the edges. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 94. Corolla dark purple, with yellow, trans- verse rugae. According to Masson, this species differs from iS'. hirstUa, in habit ; in the divaricate, 5-angled branches, which are said to be tetragonal at tiie top ; in the drooping flowers ; and in the self-coloured corolla. Stem purplish. Peduncles simple, solitary, purple. Sister Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1797. Shrub 1 foot. 5 S. pa'tula (Willd. enum. p. 281.) corolla flat, with vil- lously ciliated margins, and hairy disk, the rest wrinkled and glabrous ; appendages of inner crown, oblong, lanceolate, one- toothed inside. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps a variety of S. sorbria. Spreading-Hov/ered Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1797. Shrub 1 foot. 6 S. refle'xa (Haw. syn. p. 18.) leaflets of inner corona sub-deltoid, having the interior process incurvedly claw-formed ; seat of style impressed with a cross. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. S. deflexa, Hort. Jacq. stap. t. 5. bot. mag. 1810. Very like the preceding, but one half smaller. Corolla of a greenish-wine colour, with revolutely reflexed seg- ments ; having transverse, waved, contiguous, whitish stripes at the middle ; and furnished with long purple hairs inside, towards the base. Ligulaa dusky, rufous, recurved, cuneated at apex. Reflexed Stii])e\ia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? Shrub i foot. 7 S. Lu'ciDA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1816. p. 149.) branches erect, floriferous in the middle ; teeth erect ; segments of coi-olla with pilose edges, ovate-acuminated, revolutely in- flexed, having the disks shining, and rather pilose ; leaflets of outer corona oblong. Ij . S. Natise of the Cape of Good Hope. This species is nearly allied to S. sororia, amhigua, and deflexa : from the first it differs, in the branches not being divaricate, but erect; in the peduncles being shorter than the corolla ; in the wrinkles of the corolla not being yellowish ; and in the bottom not being villous : and from the second, to which it is more nearly allied, in the branches not bearing the flowers at their base, but in the middle ; in the segments of the corolla not being flat ; in the flowers being smaller, and of a deeper colour : and from the third, in the leaflets of outer corona, and in many other points. S/H«i«o-flowered Stapelia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub i foot. ASCLEPIADEyE. IV. Stapelia. 115 8 S. juve'ncula (Jacq. stap. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 2,'il.) bottom of corolla canipanulate ; segments of corolla wrinkled trans- versely ; segments of exterior corona lanceolate, acuminated ; those of the inner corona diverging ; appendages short, obtuse ; branches Horiferous in the middle. h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This is very nearly allied to S. veliiln ; but differs, in the branches being more numerous, and not being floriferous at the base ; in the segments of the corolla being more acute. Peduncles aggregate. Corollas brownish purple, 3-nerved. Girl SiapeVia. Fl. July, Aug. CIt. ? Shrub 1 foot. §. 2. JEqidlateriilcs. Angles of stems 4, Jlal, equal, downy. 9 S. Massoni (Hort. Haw. syn. p. 18.) branches large, of 4 equal angles, h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This plant has never been rightly examined. Massons Stapelia. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot. 10 S. aste'rias (Mass. stap. 14. t. 14.) teeth of branches short, erect ; corolla large : with ovate-lanceolate, long-acumi- nated segments, which are revolute, and ciliated on the edges ; stamens unequally bifid. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. 536. Jacq. stap. t. 58. Branches floriferous at the base, erect ; outer branch of the leaflets of the inner corona bi-tridentate. Corolla of an obscure violet colour ; the segments variegated with transverse, yellowish stripes ; the bottom dark purple. Star-fish Stapelia. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1705. Sh. 4 foot. 11 .S. stella'ris (Jacq. stap. t. 62. Haw. syn. p. 19.) corolla wrinkled at the base ; segments shining above, glabrous, of a port wine colour, but with pale, transverse, anastomosing veins, ciliated with rufous hairs ; leaflets of the outer corona linear, obtuse, a little recurved, and rather erose at top ; inner corona as in S. asterias, but the lower branch is paler. I7 . S. Native of tlie Ca])e of Good Hope. Starry Stapelia. Fl. ? Clt. ?. Shrub I to \ foot. 12 S. hiusu'ta (Lin. spec. p. 316. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 168.) corolla having the segments villously ciliated with white hairs, and the bottom villous from rufous hairs ; the rest wrinkled transversely, and glabrous ; segments of outer corona acute, lanceolate ; leaflets of inner corona spreading ; ap- pendages adnate, ovate-oblong, about equal in length to the horns, h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mill, icon. t. 250. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 2S. t. 3. stap. t. 13 and 38. Lam. ill. t. 178. f. 2.— Bradl. succ. pi. 3. p. 5. t. 23.— Roes, insect, t. 9. Branches floriferous at the base, hairy ; with subulate, erect teeth. Corolla yellowish, with deep violet, trans- verse stripes, a pale red bottom, and red nectaries, size of a French rose. Var. ft, atra (Jacq. diarr. lips. 1814. p. 296.) flowers deep purple. Ker. bot. reg. t. 156. i/«;V// Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. Shrub ^ foot. 13 S. hama'ta (Jacq. stap. t. 12. diarr. lips. 1814. p. 269.) corollas flat, ciliated, wrinkled above, with a hairy centre; seg- ments of exterior corona emarginate ; inner leaflets of inner corona lanceolate-subulate, hooked : outer ones parallel, with the beaks erect, a little toothed at the apex. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 242. Branches tufted, with mucronate straight teeth, floriferous at the base. Corolla 3 inches broad, blood-coloured ; segments acuminated, with transverse white stripes, ciliated with red hairs. Seg- ments of corona subulate, bifid, or hooked, rufescent. //ooAerf-crowned Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub i foot. 14S. coma'ta (Jacq. stap. t. 4. diarr. lips. 1814. p. 269.) corollas ciliated, with a flat, hairy disk ; the rest glabrous, and wrinkled transversely ; leaflets of inner corona acute, recurved ; se^menLs of corolla lanceolate, rather concave, at first deflexed, then spread- ing ; appendages oblong, truncate, crcnated. (; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Branches sulcate ; with erect teeth ; floriferous at the base. Peduncles usually solitary. Corolla pale yellow ; having the segments ciliated with red hairs, and striped with yellow or blood-colour. S/iaggy Stapelia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1819. Shrub ^ to 1 foot. 15 S. MULTiFLORA (D. C. Cat. liort. monsp. 1813. p. 149.) corolla rotate, with a hairy bottom ; segments flat, rellexed, ciliated ; horns subulate ; wings joined to the middle, nearly entire ; branches floriferous in the middle, with erect teeth ; pedicels aggregate. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nearly alhed to S. comata, of which it is probably only a variety ; from which it is distinguished, in the pedicels being aggregate, not solitary; in the flowers being wholly of a violaceous red colour, not yellowish in the middle of the segments. Wings few-toothed, not tridentate ; and the ligulae are sometimes tridentate, not acute ; marginal hairs purple or white ; central ones silky and purple. yl/any-/07i'ererf Stapelia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1817. Shrub J to 1 foot. 16 S. ru'fa (Mass. stap. p. 16. t. 20.) segments of corolla triangular, acute (ex Mass.), lanceolate, acuminated, ex Haw., ci- liated, and transversely wrinkled ; ligulse linear-lanceolate, waved ; stamens ddated unequally, and emarginately bifid ; branches floriferous at the base : with erect teeth ; pedicels twin or tern. I7 . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, beyond Platte Kloof Lodd. bot. cab. 239. Corollas size of those of Periploca Grceca, or a little larger, of an obscure violet colour, variegated with deep purple, ex Willd., pale red, ex Haw., transverse stripes ; having the bottom stellate, rufous, and variegated. Corona or nectarium variegated, ex Willd. Li-ula- deep brown, e.x Haw. Hairs on the edges of the corolline segments, and those in the bottom of the corolla port-wine-coloured, ex Haw. Rufous Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub 5 to i foot. 17 S. pulvina'ta (Mass. stap. p. 13. t. 13.) segments of corolla roundish, wrinkled transversely, abruptly acuminated, ciliated ; bottom of corolla elevated, villous ; branches floriferous at the base; pedicels solitary. tj . S. N.itive of the Cape of Good Hope, near Cannes. Sims, bot. mag. 1240. Allg. teutsch. gart. mag. 1815. p. 110. t. 11. Branches reclinate or procum- bent, floriferous ones ascending. Corolla large, with deep vio- laceous segments, variegated with whitish, transverse wrinkles, fuscous and concave at the apex, and with a rufous bottom. Of all the species this is the most elegant. Cwi/uon-flowered Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub proc. 18 S. LANiGERA (Haw. suppl. pi. SUCC. p. 8.) steins quadran- gular ; angles equal, nearly flat, downy ; corolla very woolly, dark brown, striped with yellow. h. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pulvinata, Donn. hort. cant, but not others. Nearly allied to S. pulvinata and S. hirsuta. Wool-bearing Stapelia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub i foot. 19 S. FissiRosTRis (Jacq. stap. t. 7. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268.) segments of corolla lanceolate, cuspidate, or acuminated, with re- volute, ciliated edges, wrinkled transversely ; segments of inner corona subulate, bifid; of the outer, ovate, bluutish; branches ascending ; pedicels aggregate. »j . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla 2 inches ; segments green outside, and yellowish green inside, variegated with fuscous, scabrous, trans- verse stripes. C/f/<-6ea/terf Stapelia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2i feet. Q 2 116 ASCLEPIADEiE. IV. Stapelia. ^ 3. Ligulce, or segments of the outer corona, rhomb-oblong or cunealed. Leaflets of inner corona simple, subulate, undulated. Stems glabrous, rvilh 4 equal sides, but much more slender than those of the former section. This is probably the best marked section of the genus ; nevertheless the species agree in habit, and teeth of branches, rvith the last. 20 S. coNciNNA (Mass. stap. p. 15. t. 18.) branches glabrous, floriferous at the base, with erect teeth ; segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate, acute, ciliated ; bottom of corolla villous, ex Haw. \i . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro. Heyne, term. bot. t. 16. f. 8. Flowers about the size of those of Anemone nemorosa, flat, grey, with transverse, undulated, fuscous stripes, and white bristles ; and a brown bottom. Pe- dicels purplish, usually twin. Segments of outer corona emar- ginate. 7Vea< Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Ck. 1798. Shrub 1 foot. 21 S. GLANDULiFEBA (Jacq. Stap. t. 46.) branches glabrous, floriferous in the middle ; corolla very villous ; segments ovate, acuminated ; villi sub-spatulate, white ; ligulae rhomb-oblong, quite entire, horny, obtuse. 1; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pedicels twin or tern, hairy, filiform. Corolla small, yellowish, having the bottom and numerous concentric, transverse, broken stripes, rufous. Ligulae yellowish brown. Stamens bay-coloured. Gland-bearing Stapelia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. ? Shrub 5 to \ foot. 22 S. flavicoma'ta (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 8.) stems nume- rous, quadrangular, slender ; angles equal, downy, teeth leaf- formed, tumid, and contiguous. I7 . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very nearly allied to S. glandulifera ; but the branches are thicker, more numerous, shorter, with the teeth larger, more leaf-formed, and more close together. Yellow-haired Stapelia. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. Shrub i foot. 23 S. HispiDULA (Hornem. hort. hafn. p. 251.) segments of corolla acuminated, wrinkled transversely, hispid from clavate hairs, replicate and naked at apex ; segments of outer corona or ligul» entire, acute : of the inner subulate, connivent ; pedicels aggregate, almost radical, much longer than the corollas. h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species differs from H. concinna, Mass. in the pedicels being very long, and almost radical, in the segments of the corolla not being ciliated, and in the segments of the exterior corona being undivided. Hisjnd Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub i foot. 24 S. glanduliflora (Mass. stap. p. 16. t. 19.) branches glabrous, with erect, acute teeth, floriferous at the base ; pedun- cles twin or tern ; corolla clothed with white, clavate, seta- ceous glands : segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, spreading. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, among bushes, about North Olifant's river. Smith, exot. bot. t. 19. Jacq. stap. t. 40. Branches spreading. Corolla size of those S. con- cinna, sulphur-coloured. Corona orange and black, ex Willd. Pedicels purplish. Corolla about the size of those of Anemone nemorosa, shorter than the calyx, spotted with deep red dots ; and the bottom deep brown, ex Mass. Gland-Jlonered Stapelia. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. ? Shrub ^ foot. 25 S. acumina'ta (Mass. stap. p. 15. t. 17.) branches gla- brous, floriferous in the middle ; pedicels glabrous, twin or tern, shorter than the corolla ; segments of corolla ovate, cuspidately acuminated, ciliated on the edges ; the rest of the corolla gla- brous. ^2 • S- Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Namaqua Land. Corollas a little larger than those of//, riifa; segments green, variegated with dark purple stripes, transversely undu- lated, tipped with dark purple. Segments of calyx oval, acute. Aciiminaied-flowered Stapelia. Fl. Jidy, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub rr foot. § 4. Anomalce. Anomalous species, rvilhout the characters of the preceding sections, and nihich mill probably constitute new genera, but the characters are not sufficiently known as to establish these genera. * Obtuse - dentatce. Angles of branches obtuse, having the teeth almost obliterated, or very blunt. 26 S. ape'rta (Mass. stap. p. 23. t. 37.) branches numerous, tetragonal, sub-tridentate at the apex, glaucescent ; corolla flat, segments ovate, obtuse, 5-nerved, wrinkled, with glabrous edges. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Namaqua Land, near Kok Fountain. Pedicels twice longer than the branches, usually solitary. Corolla obscure, purple, with dashes of a more obscure colour ; bottom circular, greyish, dotted with black. Perhaps a species of Caruncularia. O^jew-flowered Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot. 27 S. RAMOS A (Mass. stap. p. 21. t. $2.) branches numerous, erect, tetragonal, glaucescent ; flowers aggregate, almost sessile ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acute, with revolute edges. Tj • S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro, beyond Platte Kloof. Pedicels very short, rising from the upper part of the branches, without the teeth. Angles of branches sinuated. Corollas size of those of //. pruinbsa, dark purple, with a cir- cular white bottom. Perhaps a species o{ Piartinthus. Branched StsipeVia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot. * * Branches terete, tubercular ; having a hair or spine rising from each tubercle. 28 S. piLiFEBA (Lin. suppl. 171. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 165.) branches numerous, terete, furrowed ; tubercles furnished each with a bristle ; flowers sessile, solitary ; corolla campanulate, with ovate, acuminated segments ; segments of corona bifid. I7 . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on very arid hills, under bushes, in Karro, beneath Roggeweld, Masson ; beyond Hartequas Kloof, Thunb. Flowers small, purple, at the tops of the branches, Lin. Corolla size of that of S. drida, dark purple, with a red circle in the middle, ex Mass. Corolla smooth outside, but muricated by elevated callosities inside, ex Thunb. Perhaps this will form a new genus. Piliferous Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub. 29 S. GoRDONi (Mass. stap. p. 24. t. 40.) branches terete ; tubercles terminating each in a spine ; pedicels solitary, at the tops of the branches ; corolla large, 5-toothed ; teeth or seg- ments broad, roundish, short-acuminated ; exterior corona 5- toothed. 17 . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Groot- Namaqua Land, towards the orange river. Corollas among the largest of the genus, almost 3 inches in diameter, repandly 5- toothed, of a brownish yellow colour, with a whitish centre ; segments of the corona short, black in the middle, and white on the margins. Follicles solitary, erect, long, acute. This differs from all other species, in the singular form of the corolla, and in the solitary follicles ; it therefore will hereafter constitute a new genus, which we would propose calling Monothylaccum, from its solitary follicles. Gorrfort'i Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub i foot. t The following species being hardly krwtvn, they have not been arranged in any of the sections above. 30 S. coRDA^TA (Hort. ex Haw. syn. p. 26. no. 27.) T? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. There is nothing known of this plant but the name. ASCLEPIADE^E. IV. Stapelia. V. Gonostemon. VI. Podantiies. 117 Corrfrt^e Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1805. Shrub i to i foot. 31 S. cane'scens (Hon. ex Haw. syii. p. 2C. no. 29.) F; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nothing is known further of tiie species. Canescent StapeVia.. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub. 32 S. ophiu'ncula (Hort. ex Haw. syn. p. 27. no. 31.) Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nothing but the name is known of this species. Small-serpoU Sta\ie\la. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1805. Shrub proc. 33 S. caud.\'ta (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 171.) stem hairy, leafy ; leaves oblong-linear, falcate ; flowers axillary, pedicellate, solitary, drooping : segments of the limb linear. h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves sessile. Pedicels much shorter than the corolla. Corolla flat, purple, scaly inside. Perhaps a species of Ccropeg'ia or Brachyslelma. Tailed Stapelia. Shrub | foot. 34 S. quadra'ngula (Forsk. descr. p. 52. t. 6.) stem tetra- gonal ; branches divaricate, floriferous at the apex : furnished with truncate teeth ; flowers small, crowded, sessile ; corolla 5-cleft. 1^ . S. Native of Arabia Felix. Flowers greenish yellow. Calyx 5-toothed, permanent. Juice not milky, but aqueous. Forsk. cat. p. 108. no. 194. has also S. quridrdngula ramosa, no. 194, besides S. quadrdngula, no. 190. Sides of stem half an inch wide. Quadrangular-stemmed Stapelia. Shrub It' foot. 35 S. multa'ngula (Forsk. cat. no. 192.) stem branched, creeping, with 6-9 angles, and as many furrows ; angles toothed; follicles subulate. h . S. Native of Arabia Felix. Sak el Ghorob. Forsk. descr. p. 52. Anonymos, Poir. ency. 7. p. 391. The Arabians affirm, that this plant, after being apparently quite dead, by drying for a long time, if it is allowed to come in con- tact with moist earth, it will again revive. Forsk. desc. p. 52. Many-angled Stapelia. Shrub. 36 S. CLAVA ta (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1295.) stem simple, thick, clavate, reticulately and obsoletely warted, bearing the fruit at the apex. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy fields, beyond Kopperberg. Stapelia, Patters, trav. p. 57. t. 8. only the fruit. C7atia?e-stemmed Stapelia. Shrub. N.B. — There is a species of Stapelia, which was collected at the Cape of Good Hope, on the banks of the Kaigaviel, near Roode Gebroken Klip, by Lichtenstein, which Willd. has called, in his enum. suppl. p. 14, hrevirustris, but without giving any character of the plant. In the Neweste best, des Gart zu Belvidere, the following names occur, but without any diag- nosis of either — 1. S. Buffoniana, 2. S. hifolia, 3. S. cymosa, 4. S. trideniala, 5. S. virgnta, and 6. S. verticillala ; but these names are very likely synonymous with some of those described above. There are several undescribcd sjjecies preserved in spirits of wine in the Banksian museum. What is S. dentdia, Forsk. cat. 192? and what is S. papulosa of Tabl. de I'ecole, ann. 1S15. p. 92? Cult. Singular succulent, grotesque plants ; bearing remarkable and singularly beautiful, star-like flowers, usually with a very dis- agreeable smell. The soil best suited for them is a mixture of loam, sand, and lime or brick rubbish ; for, if grown in a richer soil, they become more luxuriant, and bear larger flowers ; but in such a soil they are more apt to rot, if they chance to get a little too much water supplied them. They require very little water, except when in blossom ; and in the winter, the less given to them the better. They are readily increased by cut- tings, which should be allowed to dry for at least a week or fortnight after they are taken off from the mother plant, before they are set ; after which they may be planted in separate pots, when they will almost immediately strike root ; for if planted when first taken oft', and full of juice, they have every chance to rot. V. GONOSTE'MON (from ywcia, gonia, an angle ; and e of Good Hope. Stapelia irrorata, Mass. stap. p. 12. t. 9. Lodd. bot. cab. 127. Corolla sulphur-coloured, and spotted with blood colour ; having the bottom blood-coloured, and the segments tipped with purple. This species differs from P. verrucosa, in the flowers not being warted, and in the want of the pentagonal circle, and colour, ex Willd. spec. 1. p. 1452. Bedewed Vodaathes. Fl. July. Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub dec. 3 P. VERRUCOSA (Haw. syn. p. 33.) branches numerous, as- cending, tetragonal ; pedicels solitary or twin ; corolla quinquefid, warted ; segments ovate, acuminated ; orbicle in the bottom of the corolla scabrous, pentagonal. I^ • S- Native of the Cape of Guod Hope. Stapelia verrucosa, Mass. stap. 2. no. 8. t. 8. but not of Sims, Jacq. stap. t. 26. Corolla yellowish, spotted with blood-colour ; but with the tops of the segments, and about the bottom brownish. Segments of the outer corona lunutely 2 lobed; leaflets of the inner uncinate, obtuse, and retuse. JVartcd-tiowered Podanthes. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1795. Shrub i foot. 4 P. RORiFLUA ; corolla 5-cleft, dotted, with an equal bottom; segments of the outer corona emarginate ; leaflets of the inner corona incurved, 2-lobed. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia roriflua, Jacq. stap. t. 30. Willd. enum. p. 285. Orbicle none. Beaks gibbous, lying upon the stigma, ex Jacq. Corolla yellow, dotted with red. Z)ej!)-_^on)ing-flowered Podanthes. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1802. Shrub proc. 5 P. pulche'lia (Haw. syn. 33.) branches numerous, tetra- gonal, recliuate ; pedicels fasciculate; corolla 5-cleft, wrinkled: with ovate, acute segments ; orbicle circular. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pulchella, Mass. stap. p. 22. t. 26. Corolla yellow, dottetl with blood-colour. Tips of segments and bottom fuscescent. A'm/ Podanthes. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub dec. 6 P. cilia'ta (Haw. syn. p. 34.) branches numerous, tetra- gonal, procumbent, radicant ; pedicels solitary ; corolla 5-cleft, papillose above, and ciliated on the margins : with ovate, acute, flat segments. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro. Stapelia ciliata, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 168. Mass. stap. p. 9. t. 1. Corolla yellowish, ex Willd., purplish green, greyish inside, with rufescent papilla, ex Thunb. Cilia clavate, white, ex Thunb. Orbicle beset with papillce, which are tipped with purple. Ci/(ntoZ Podanthus. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1795. Shrub cr. Cull. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. VII. TRIDE'NTEA (from tridens, a trident; in reference to the segments of the outer corona being tridentate.) Haw. syn. p. S4. — Stapelia species of authors. Lin. syst. Pentandr'm, Mnnogipua. All as in Stapelia, except the ligulae or segments of the outer corona, which are tridentiform ; and those of the inner corona are unequally bipar- tite— The species have almost the habit of those of Podanthes ; but the branches are naked, and more erect ; and the teeth are smaller, and terminated by a very manifest green leaf. 1 T. GEMMiFLORA (Haw. syn. p. 34.) branches numerous, erect, tetragonal ; pedicels solitary or twin ; corolla corrugated ; segments ovate, acute, ciliated with white hairs, 5-nervcd above. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in arid places, among bushes, beyond Platte Kloof. Stapelia gemmiflora, Mass. stap. p. 14. t. 15. Jacq. stap. t. 9. Corolla almost black, ciliated with dark hairs. Orbicle none, ex Haw. Ligulae deep purple, with paler tips. Outer branches of inner corona dark purple ; inner ones tipped with white. Var. fi; corolla marked with golden yellow dots, Mass. Var. y ; corolla wholly black. Haw. Geni-Jlowered Tridentia. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub i foot. 2 T. Sty'gia (Haw. syn. p. 34.) corollas wrinkled, black, ciliated with red hairs ; branches thick, short, yellowish green. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia Stygia, Iioern. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 561. The branches of this spe- cies are very diflPerent from the preceding, being shorter, thicker, and paler. Sti/gian Tiidentea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. ISIO. Shrub J foot. 3 T. moscha'ta (Haw. syn. p. 25. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10.) corolla ciliated, wrinkled from tubercles above, and dotted beneath ; leaflets of inner corona subulate, diverging ; appen- dages lanceolate. Ij • S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia hircosa, Jacq. stap. t. 43. Willd. enum. p. 281. Co- rolla brownish purple, spotted with yellow. Le.iflrts of outer corona tripartite ; the middle segments much the longest. Musliy Tridentea. Shrub. 4 T. ? ve'tula (Haw. syn. p. 34.) branches numerous, erect, tetragonal : pedicels twin or tern ; corolla glabrous, with lanceo- late, bluntly acuminated segments, which are 3-nerved above, and wrinkled, f^ • S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the moun- tains, at Hex river. Stapelia vetula, Mass. stap. p. 15. t, 16. Jacq. stap. t. 27. Allg. gart. mag. 1818. p. 17. t. 2. Corolla dark, violaceous, with a dark jmrple bottom. Segments of corolla ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved above, ex Willd. Ligulae oblong, acute : inner branches of inner corona subulate, diverging ; outer ones ovate, somewhat tridentate, ex Willd. Perhaps a true species ol' Stapelia. Stale Trideinca. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1793. Shiub i to i foot. 5 T. SiMsii ; branches tetragonal, erect : with thick teeth ; segments of corolla 5-nerved, ovate, acuminated ; ligulae retusely tricuspidate ; branches of inner corona subidate. 1; , S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia vetula, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1234, exclusive of the synonyms. Stapelia Simsii, Koem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 33. Trid. vetula. Haw. syn. p. 30. Co- rolla dark. Ligulffi yellow. Sims's Tridentea. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1800. Shrub A to i foot. 6 T. depre'ssa ; segments of corolla ciliated, wrinkled ; ligulae tridentate ; branches of inner corona a little toothed, subu- late, spreading. V) . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia depressa, Jacq. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268. Depressed Tridentea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub + to A foot. 7 T. RUGOSA ; branches tetragonal, procumbent, but afterwards erect; pedicels solitary ; corolla wrinkled, glabrous; inner branch of inner corona clavate, outer one terete, obtuse. f; . S. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapt'lia ruuosa, Jacq. stap. t. 21. Willd. enum. p. 284. Corolla 3 inches broad, pale green beneath, but marked above with dark purple and blood-coloured dots. Bottom of corolla orbicular, tumid, ex Willd. Orbicle spu- rious, depressed, surrounded by 5 crenatures, ex Jacq. 1. c. Wrinkled-Rowered Tridentea. Shrub dec. 8 T. PANicuLATA (Haw.) corollas flat, transversely papillose, 12 ASCLEPIADEJ^. VIII. Tromotriche. IX. Orbea. 119 hairy ; segments of exterior corona, or ligulcB, obtuse, obso- letely tridentate ; horns subulate, connivent : outer branches of inner corona ovate, obtuse. I; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia paniculilta, Jacq. stap. t. CI. Corolla of a livid green colour outside, glabrous, brownish purple, and beset with violaceous papilla; inside ; hairs white. Panicled Tridentea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub. Cull. For culture and propagation see Slapciia, p. 117. VIII. TROMOTRICHE (rpofjoe, tromos, tremor; fipii TpixoQ, Ihrix, Irichos, a hair ; in reference to the cilia of the corolla being tremulous.) Haw. syn. p. 36. — Stapelia species of authors. Lin. syst. Pcntditdiia, D'igynia. Corolla smooth, revolute, ciliated with tremulous spatulate hairs. Segments of exterior corona, or ligulse, connate at the base, horizontal, cuneate-rhom- boid and serrated ; those of the inner corona unequally bifid ; inner branch recurved, longer and slenderer than tlie other, gra- dually thickened to the apex, whence it appears like a stigma. — Habit almost of the first section of Stapelia; but the branches are naked, and very glaucous, or rather pruinose, erectly decum- bent ; the teeth distant, thick, horizontal, or a little recurved. 1 T. kevolu'ta (Haw. syn. p. 3G.) branches tetragonal, glaucous, erect ; corolla glabrous ; but the segments are ciliated with spatulate glands, acute, and revolute ; ligulae quadrate, ob- cuneatcd and retuse at top ; outer branch of iimer corona tooth- formed, acute. h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro, under bushes. Stapelia revolijta, Mass. stap. p. 12. t. 10. Sims, bot. mag. 724. Branches floriferous at top. Pedi- cels solitary. Corolla pale, violaceous, ex Wdld., greenish yellow outside, and purplish inside, ex Mass ; dirty dark red, with a pale circle at tiie base of the lobes, ex Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 1 1 . i?ei'o/u?e-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 foot. 2 T. GLAu'cA (Haw. syn. p. 37.) branches tetragonal, very ghucous ; corolla glabrous; segments ovate, acute, revolute, fringed with clavate glands ; ligulse bi-tridentate at apex. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia glafica, Jacq. stap. t. 10. Willd. enum. p. 279. Very like T. revolilla, in the mode of growth, colour, form, and corolla ; but differs from it in the segments of the exterior corona being tridentate, ex Willd Branches sometimes hexagonal, ex Jacq. Pedicels aggregate at the tops of the branches. Corolla livid green outside, and striated : blood -coloured inside ; with a white bottom ; ex Jacq. Lobes of outer corona obtuse, and a little emarginate at the apex: therefoie the plants of Jacquin and Haworth are probably distinct. G/a«coi« Tromotriche. Fl.Ju.Nov. Clt. 1799. Sh. lto2feet. 3 T. PRUiNOSA (Haw. syn. p. 37.) branches bluntly tetrago- nal, erect, with recurved teeth ; corolla with flat, ovate, pilose, or downy segments, the down appearing like powder; ligulae ser- rated at top. ? Tt . ,S. Native oF the Cape of Good Hope, in the dry regions of Namaqua Land, among bushes. Stapelia pruinosa, Mass. stap. p. 2-i. t. U. Corolla blackish, beset with white adpressed hairs, ex Willd. Stems purplish. Flowers small, solitary, twin, or tern, towards the tops of tlie branches, pur- plish, ex Mass. Perhaps a species of Piardnthiis. /*r!«'KO«e-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1795. Shrub li foot. 4 T. oBLiauA ; branches tetragonal, glaucous? corolla gla- brous ; segments ovate-acuminated, bent, obliquely ciliated with clavate white or purple glands ; ligulae bidentate, acute. Tq . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia obliqua, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 13. Corolla dirty yellow, marked with confluent, violaceous spots. Exterior corona greenish yellow, dotted at top, and furnished with a mark at the base. 06/((/»f-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub li foot. 5 T. vusca'ta (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10.) branches tetra- gonal, erectish, glaucous-green ; corolla glabrous ; leaflets of outer corona 2-3-toothed ; shorter branches of inner corona ob- tuse, ^i . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. T. glaiica, /3, Haw. syn. p. 37. Stapelia fuscata, Jacq. stap. t. .55. Flowers brownish purple. Corolla pale at bottom, striated transversely with red ; ciliated at top, with clavate, wine-coloured glands. Ligulae dark brown. /;ron'?i(.s/i-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1814. Shrub I to 1 foot. Cull. For culture and propagation see Slajiclia, p. 1 1 7. IX. O'RBEA (from orbis, an orb; the orb in the centre of the flower is very large and elevated.) Haw. syn. p. 38. — Stapelia species of authors. LiN. SYST, Ptnlditdrla, Digynia. Corolla 5-cleft, starry, the whole of the inside corrugated, furnished with a large, elevated orb in the centre. Segments of outer corona, or ligulae, long, spreading, bi or tridendate at the apex ; those of the inner corona unequally bifid ; the inner branch recurved, longer than the outer one, style-formed, clavate, and stigma-formed at the apex. — Habit of the species of Foddnlhes ; but the branches are more robust, and less effuse ; and, wlien old, become de- cumbent and creeping : the teeth are smaller, and horizontal, not ascending. 1 O. maculosa (Haw. syn. 37.) corolla smooth, ciliated ; ligulse tridentate ; orb convex, downy, ex Haw. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia maculosa, Jacq. stap. t. 31. Willd. enum. p. 283. Sims, bot. mag. 1833. Stap. mixta, Donn. hort. cant. Segments of corolla ovate, acute, dirty yellow, red at the apex and edges, almost covered by confluent, rufous, large spots. Orb waved, elevated, but small for the size of the flower. Ligulaj 2-3-toothed at top, brownish grey, pale at top, and marked by a large, distinct, brown spot, ex Haw. .S'/jo^ecZ-flowered Orbea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1804. Shrub 1 foot. 2 O. MIXTA (Haw. syn. p. 38.) corolla glabrous, with ovate, acuminated, wrinkled segments, an elevated, pa])illose orb, and bifid ligulse. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia mixta, Mass. stap. p. 23. t. 38. Flowers drooping, of an obscure violaceous colour, wrinkled with transverse yellow stripes, and a yellow orb, beset with brown papilla. Very nearly allied to O. var'icgata ; but differs in the form of the teeth of the branches, and in tlie flowers being twice the size, in the acu- minated segments, in the elevated, papillose orb, &c. Miaerf Orbea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 foot. .S O. quinquene'rvis (Haw. ."^yn. p. 38.) corolla glabrous, .' 5-nerved on both sides ; segments roundish elliptic ; liguliE tridentate, middle tooth small ; branches spotted with brown. \2 ■ S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia quinque- nervis, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 0. p. 37. Larger than O. variegata. CoroUine segments sulphur-coloured, less spotted than in O. hisulca ; but having brown spots on both surfaces in certain places ; and the corolla, and exterior corona, are more deeply cleft than in O. hisulca. Ligulse yellow, having a blood- coloured spot at the base, but with distinct brownish dots at the apex sept. Clt. 1800. Five-nerved-AoviereA Orbea. Fl. Ji Shrub 1 foot. 4 O. bisu'lca (Haw. syn. p. 39.) corolla glabrous ; orb large ; ligulae emarginate ; branches thick, green. J? , S. Native of 120 ASCLEPIADEiE. IX. Orbea. the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia trisiilca, Jacq. stap. t. 64. Corolla dirty yellow, covered with dark rufous dots ; orb sul- phur-coloiued ; ligulse yellow ; with a large deep brown mark at the base, and dotted at the apex. Two-furrowed Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub 1 foot. 5 O. variega'ta (Haw. syn. 40.) corolla glabrous, convex outside of the tube ; segments ovate, acute; ligulse bifid, acute ; orb tumid, large. I; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the sides of mountains, at Leuweberg, and elsewhere. Sta- pelia varieg-ita, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 170. Jacq. stap. t. 24. misc. 1. p. 27. t. 4. D. C. pi. gr. t. 149. Tratt. thes. t. 18. but not of Forsk. desc. p. 51. which does not belong to the genus, but is probably an Apocyneous plant. Herm. lugd. t. 53.— Burm. afr. dec. 3. p. 30. t. 12. f. 2. Flowers solitary, large, drooping. Corolla sulphur-coloured, variegated with transverse wrinkles, and irregular brownish-purple spots : having the orb in the bottom paler, Willd. Branches floriferous at the base. ran'ega^erf- flowered Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1727. Sinub 1 foot. 6 O. CuRTisii (Haw. syn. p. 40.) corolla sidphur-coloured ; ligulae entire. Tj . S. Stapelia variegata, Curt. bot. mag. t. 26. exclusive of the synonymes. Curtis' s Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1690. Shrub 1 ft. 7 O. PLANiFLORA ; corolla glabrous, flat ; orb tumid ; leaflets of outer corona obtuse, bidentate. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia planiflora, Jacq. stap. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 'Zo'Z. Lodd. bot. cab. 191. Branches procumbent, gla- brous. Pedicels solitary or twin at the insertion of the branches. Corolla pale sulphur-coloured, spotted with blackish purple. This species is very like 0. variegata, but differs in the corolla bring very flat. P'ar. jS, marginala (Poir. 1. c.) edges of corolla dark purple. (;. S. Flat-Jlomered Ovhea. Fl. Jidy, Nov. Clt. 1805. Sh. proc. 8 O. Wendlandia'na ; corolla glabrous : with acuminated, reflexed segments ; orb elevated, tumid ; ligulae emarginate ; branches decumbent, floriferous at the base ; pedicels solitary. ^. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia rugosa, Wendl. coll. 2. p. 41. t. 52. Stap. Wendlandiana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 39. Teeth of branches long, subspinose. Pedicels pale red. Corolla pale yellow outside, and yellow and spotted with brown inside ; and the orb brownish, as well as the ligulae ; inner corona pale yellow. IVendlanil's Orhea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Sh. dec. 9 O. margina'ta; corolla flat, glabrous; ligulae bidentate, obtuse ; orb tumid, bluntly 5-angled. h^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia niarginata, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 13. Corolla pale yellow, margined with red, and painted with the same colour ; orb pale yellow ; ligulae yellow, dotted at top, and furnished with 3 red spots at the base, the middle yellow. Marginate-Ro^KereA Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub dec. 10 O. consporca'ta ; corolla glabrous, but ciliated with minute clavate hairs ; orb tumid ; ligulK bifid. Jj . S. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia conspurcata, Jacq. stap. t. 47. Corolla dirty yellow, ornamented with viola- ceous spots, as well as the orb ; ligulae yellow, painted with a broad, dotted, violaceous line. Nearly allied to O. normalis, hut differs in the edges of the corolla being ciliated with minute, clavate, white hairs. Defiled Orhea. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1795. Shrub dec. 11 O. norma^lis ; corolla flat, glabrous; ligulae bifid, fur- nished with a blunt tooth between each ; orb rather tumid. I7 . S, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia normalis, Jacq. stap. t. 42. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268. Ker. bot. reg. 755. Very like O. variegata, but differs in the dots on the corolla, and ligulae disposed in regular parallel rows. liegidar-qwtled Orbea. Fl. Jidy, Aug. Clt. 1821. Sh. 12 O. clypea'ta (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 13.) corolla flat, glabrous ; ligulae semibifid, acute, with a tooth between each ; orb tumid. H . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sta- pelia clypeata, Jacq. diar. lips. 814. p. 269. stap. t. 48. Both branches of the leaflets of inner corona capitate. Corolla yellow, sjjotted with purple. ^7HV/(/a/-flovvered Orbea. Clt. 1812. Shrub J foot. 13 O. orbicula'ris (Haw. syn. p. 40.) corolla glabrous ; with roundish, acuminated segments ; orb tumid ; ligulae short, obcor- dately emarginate. !; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia orbicularis, Andr. bot. rep. t. 439. Branches tufted, erect, curved at the base. Pedicels solitary. Corolla pale yellow : having approximate, brownish lines on the segments ; orb yellow, dotted with brown ; bottom deep brown. Oj-6icMW-ringed Orbea. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1799. Shrub + foot. 14 O. BUFONIA (Haw. syn. p. 40.) corolla flat, glabrous; ligulae bifid, obtuse ; orb tumid. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia bufonia, Jacq. t. 1. and 49. diar. lips. p. 269. Willd. enum. p. 283. Sims, bot. mag. 1076. Branches glaucescent. Pedicels solitary. Corolla pale and livid green outside, with red nerves, and dirty brown inside, spotted with purple, and striped with yellow. ► Toad Ovhea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1806. Shrub | foot. 15 O. marmora'ta ; corolla flat, glabrous; ligulae bifid, obtuse ; orb subtumid. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia marmorata, Jacq. diar. lips. 1814. p. 269. stap. t. 28. Very nearly allied to 0. bufonia. Corolla purple, striped with yellow and white. Marbled-Rowered Orhea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. I foot. 16 O. RETu'sA (Haw. syn. p. 41,) corolla glabrous; with deltoid segments, which are 5-nerved outside as in all the rest ; ligulae long, lorate, retuse ; orb large. h . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapfelia retusa. Room, et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 41. Branches similar to those of O. ayiguhia, but thicker. Pedicels long, from the base of the branches. Corolla yellow- ish inside, spotted, and striped with dark brown, but more par- ticularly towards the base ; but the orb is paler and less spotted. Ligvda green, with very minute rufous spots. Inner corona beset with small, scattered, black tubercles, as in 0. angmnea. Retuse Orbea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub i ft. 17 O. ANGUiNEA (Haw. syn. p. 41.) corolla glabrous ; ligulse semibipartite ; orb large. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia anguina, Jacq. stap. t. 54. Lodd. bot. cab. 828. Pedicels long, rising from the base of the branches. Corolla yellow, marked with numerous rufous spots ; the orb is marked with large spots of two forms, dark brown yellow on the sides near the base. Gynostegium dotted with dark brown. ;S'«aA:e-speckled Orbea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. Sh. i ft. 18 O. picTA (Haw. syn. p. 42.) corolla semiquinquefid, gla- brous, with ovate, acuminated segments ; ligulse bifid ; orb ele- vated, depressed in the centre. f; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapt;lia picta, Donn. hort. cant. p. 53. Sims, bot. mag. 1169. Allg. teutsch. gart. mag. 7. p. 413. t. 42. S. variegata, Jacq. misc. 1. p. 27. t. 4. ? Branches simple, 4- furrovved, torulose. Corolla yellow, variegated with dark pur- ple. It differs from O. variegata in the corolla being rather smaller, in the ring or orb being narrower, not dotted, but varie- ASCLEPIADE;E. IX. Orbea. X. Obesia. XI. Duvalia. 121 gated with black and white, and from all the rest in the bottom part of the corolla being very dark brown. Pflin, longifolia (Blum. 1. c.) leaves long-acuminated, with recurved edges ; corolla glabrous. Tj . '^. S. Native of Java, near Tuju, on the mountains of Megamendung. Rumphius's Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw. 30 H. pu BERA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1065.) leaves small, veinless, oval-oblong, acute, fleshy, downy ; corolla hairy inside. H . '^. S. Native of the Island of Nusse-Kambanga, on trees by the sea-side. Downy Hoya. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub tw. "I" The flowers of the following three species are unknown ; but, nevertheless, it is pirobable they belong to the section Hoyce verce. 31 H. Finlaysonia'na (Wight, 1. c.) twining, glabrous ; branches terete : leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, reticulated above in the dried state, veinless beneath, on short petioles. Ij . '"'. S. Native, probably, of Penang. Hoya, Wall. ascl. no 42. Leaves 5-7 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Finlayson's Hoya. Shrub twining. 32 H. OBTUsiFOLiA (Wight. 1. c.) twining, glabrous ; leaves fleshy, oval-oblong, obtuse at both ends, cuspidate, shining above, transversely and obscurely veined beneath, in the dried state ; peduncles almost one-half shorter than the leaves, many-flowered. fj . '^. S. Native of the East Indies. H6\a, Wall. ascl. no. 38. From the variation of the leaves, this species would appear to rank near H. fusca. Obtuse-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw. 33 H. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Trail, in hort. trans. 7. p. 29.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, [7 . '^. S. Native of China. Narrow-leaved Hoya. Shrub twining. § 2. Leaves membranous. Leaflets of corona without any furrow beneath, 34 H. VIRIDIFLORA (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 26.) twining; leaves ovate, or cordate, acuminated, membranous, glabrous; corolla glabrous : with ovate, acutish segments ; leaflets of corona flat above, oboval, very blunt, with the inner angles short and obtuse; follicles thick, divaricate, obtuse, clothed with rusty mealiness. H . '^. S. Native on the coast of Coro- mandel, frequent ; and at Morang and Gongachora, and .Silhet. Wall. ascl. no. 24, exclusive of f. 26. and 60 c. Wight, in Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 98. suppl. t. 1. Asclepias voliibilis, Lin. suppl. 170. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 36. Asclepias viridiflora, Roxb. in. mus. or. t. 611. Apocynum tilicefolium. Lam. diet. 1. p. 214. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 15. Flowers green. J'ar. a, alphia (Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 39.) flowers larger ; seginents of corolla obtuse. ^ . '^. S. Wight, cat. no. 1523. b. Wall. ascl. no. 25. Native of the Neel- gherries. Green-flowered Hoya. FL? Clt. ? Shrub tw. 35 H. Lacu NA (Ham. herb, ex Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. J9.) twining ; leaves between coriaceous and mem- branous, cordate or ovate, acuminated, downy above, and velvety beneath ; segments of corolla obtuse ; leaflets of corona with 128 ASCLEPIADE/E. XXIII. Hoya. XXIV. Pterostelma. XXV. Physostelma. XXVI. Tylophora. short, subulate, erect, inner angles. V; . '^. S. Native of the East Indies, at Korma, Hamilton, and at Segaen, Wall. Ham. herb. no. 770. Wall. ascl. no. 24, f. 146, and 156, without a name. Lakun of the Hindoos. Lakun Hoya. Shrub tw. •j- f Species described by Fall I, under the generic name of Sperlingia ,nhich name ought to take precedence of Hoya, being the oldest, which nhora. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 18.'22. Sh. tw. 2 T. barba'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels usually twin ; common peduncles shorter than the leaves ; corolla bearded ; leaves ovate, acute, quite glabrous. I; . '^. S. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson. Hoya barbata, Spreng. syst. I. p. 843. Bearded Ty\oY>hora. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1822. Shrub tw. 3 T. FLEXuosA (R. Br, 1. c.) umbels alternate, sessile; com- mon peduncles flexuous ; leaves cordate-oblong, veiny ; corolla beardless. f? • ^- F- Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Hoya flexuosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 843. Flexuous Tylophora. Shrub tw. 4 T. VELUTiNA ; stem twining ; leaves cordate-ovate, acu- minated, tomentose ; flowers cymose ; throat of corolla naked. >j . '^. S. Native of New Holland. Pergularia velutina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. I'elvety Tylophora. Shrub tw. 5 T. panicula'ta (R. Br. 1. c.) panicles dichotomous ; seg- ments of corolla ligulate above : leaves ovate, acuminated, smoothish : lower ones subcordate. h . ^. S. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson. Hoya panicul^ta, Spreng. syst. 843. Pa«(cW-flowered Tylophora. Shrub tw. § 2. Leaflets of stamineous corona very blunt, or bluntly ASCLEPIADE^. XXVI. Tylophora. 129 acuminated, destitute of cusps or points inside, shorter than the gynostegium. 6 'I'. CAUNOSA tWall. ascl. no. 49. Wight, cat. no. 1537. contrib. ind. bot. p. 49.) twining, glabrous ; stems and branches slender ; lenves fleshy, ovate, or subcordate, nmcronate, shining, pale beneath ; peduncles flexuous, bearing at the flexures many filiform pedicels ; flowers small ; leaflets of corona fleshy, nearly orbicular ; pollen masses ascending ; stigma convex ; follicles glabrous, usually solitary by abortion. Tj . '^. S. Native of the Burmese empire, at Amherst; an of New Holland, at Endeavour River, creeping upon trees. Col- ISi ASCLEPIADE7E. XXXII. Dischidia. XXXIII. Leptostemma. XXXIV. Triplosperma. XXXV. Harrisonia. lyris minor, Vahl. act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 6. p. 111.?— Rumph. amb. 5. t. 176. f. 1. Moneyn