F gents Haney : et reat n ete np, my ye Poise iH iat oid a oes ray “Ny Neo pei ta a 17 hes gn a thy tp pent Vg — a *% ere i 1 gaa adds tae iherehey alts a uth oe o bap hy 4 Tica a 7 ‘wh 8 yaa vi #e 4 oD a bythe ene nif eae ri jai “a plcketna! r oe otha at i ‘i a i srk ait wit a i i ah i a - a as Da ie peers rt. iy i ‘dep ate ie J ae oh 3 a ati oo pi rs a apie . at hie at ; a ‘ oF 3 re ne o 1 ee Mga a 4 yet Whi ae bes : a a ft : ie a a oe . ih ne fF yi que nye bit 4) ag teeta, earns Aaa ie anil 7 aa u i i es aie er hi i) Pieces ¥ fete ba 0k peor ad fhe a es ; ae . “~~ GENERAL ZOOLOGY _.. Mita e, 3 acne ea 3 Or SYSTEMATIC NATURAL HISTO , commented by the late ™ GEORGE SHAW, M.D ERIS. &e. WITH PLATES from Hie first Authorities and most select specimens Ved) ; (Oe ee On eared. step foll if ‘ Ss ) TT M*" GRIFFITHS. . ot aa Gritith seulp. ee 3 ES Vou.IX.Part 1. AVES .by LF. Stephens, ELS. Printed for G Wilkie, J.Walker, J.Stockdale, J.& A.Arch, Longman,Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, E. Jeffery, Sherwood,N eeley,& Jones, Law & Whittaker, Baldwin ,Cradock & Jov, R.Scholev, J-Black, W.Lowe, J.Booth, Gale & Fenner, S. Bagster, J.Robimson, J-Rodwell, Walker & Edwards, and Harper & C° ae 1815. NE y ( a NS Jun eed SNS fe OP GENERAL ZOOLOGY. VOLUME IX.——PART I. BY JAMES FRANCIS STEPHENS, F.L.S. BIRDS. LONDON: PRINTED FOR G. WILKIE 3 J- WALKER; J. STOCKDALE 3 J. AND A. ARCH; LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN; E, JEFFERY; SHERWOOD, NEELEY, AND JONES; LAW AND WHITTAKER ; BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY; R. SCHOLEY; J. BLACK} W. LOWE; J. BOOTH; GALE AND FENNER;3 S. BAGSTER; J. ROBINSON; J. RODWELL$3; WALKER AND EDWARDS; AND HARPER AND CO. 1815. age ae” aafenemalage F oes Fay BEA a - eWMOR Ef hae ie es be INDEX TO VOL. IX.—PART I. A LCEDO GALBULA Barbet, Latham’s . p. 28 : . p. 223 — lesser pied +930 grandis 227 little ‘ a 20 paradisea 225 || ————red-crowned . 23 ——— red-fronted . 31 Barbet : : mere! —— spotted-bellied 37 —— African . . 25 || ——-— wax-billed sled beautiful a ee20) yellow-cheeked 24 black-spotted . 34 || ———— yellow-throated 21 black-throated 30 a buff-faced 28 || Bucco ; ; ‘ 19 ——— Cayenne oe i africanus * 3S — collared . . 39 || ———calcaratus seth doubtful. . 2{|| ——— capensis. . 39 Cayanensis . 33 srand _. - 40 ' Cayanensis nevius 34 - great : - 40 ——— greater pied . 35 cinereus . AD ——— green. yee dubius, Latham 2 Indian. - 27 || ——- elegans. S20 ‘Cescemene Afi Yl can INDEX. Vill Bucco grandis. - p- 40 Indicus . 27 Lathami . 28 ——— macrorhynchos 35 ——— maynanensis 20 ——— melanoleucos 36 ——— niger 30 ——-— nigro-maculatus 34 -parvus . < 2e ——— philippensis 21 —rubricapillus -. 23 ———rufifrons . 31 Tamatia 37 viridis 22 ——— Zeylanicus 24 Corvus affinis : « Al — australis,Gmel. 4) Coucal : j . 43 — Bengal 50 o———— black ‘ oS —— blue .. « - 66 ——— Chinese , eo BL —— Egyptian 54 ——— giant. 45 — green 55 ——— Lathamian AG ——- pheasant 48 —-—- rufous 44 Senegal 53 —— Tolou 52 — variegated A7 ——— white-bellied . 49 Cuckow. Fu wee 115 Cuckow African, Latham - p. 25 ——— Bee 137 black Indian . 88 Blue eT. . 86 blue-headed 110 ——— Brasilian crested 113 ——— Cape : «BS ——— Carolina . «) OS ——— Cayenne. . g90 eae Cayenne, black 41 Chinese spotted 102 -——— collared » Le ——. common vs 16S ——— Coromandel crested : « i ——— crested black 114 ———— ¢upreous . 129 ——— Eastern black 87—88 ——-— Edolio 114 ——— Egyptian 51.54. 55 fan-tailed . - 96 ——-— gilded 127 ——— great spotted 116 ——— Grosbeak coe 8B a= HOrmed 121 -——-— Indian spotted 95 ——— Klaas 128 Lark-heeled . 50 109 —— long-billed rain 122 long-heeled ae ——-— laughing . Madagascar 101 —— — Madagascar crest- ed. : . 118 ———— Mangrove 125 ———— Mindanao - 163 INDEX. 1X Cuckow, noisy . .p. 108 ——— Panayan ae | ——— Panayan spotted 106 —— pheasant . i 8 9 —— Pisan ? 5 EA punctated - 98 ——— rain : 2 924 ——-—red-crested . 120 — red-headed a 50) —rufous spotted . 105 ——— sacred. - 104 ——— St. Domingo . 07 shining . «126 ——— Society . sa G2 ——— solitary . . 84 Sonnerat’s 111 — spotted . - 99 ——— strait-heeled . 53 Be) ——-— white-rumped black ——-— tippet, . : ‘ ; 89 ——— white-throated 83 —w— yellow-bellied . 107 CucuLus . : ae 63.0) AEgyptius 51. 54.55 Afer~. 115 —— Afer, Latham 25 Americanus . 93 ————— Andalusiz . 116 Ater 114 auratus 127 bengalensis . 50 ——s= bengalensis n@- V1US : A > Oa ——_———— brasiliensis 120 CucuLus brasiliensis cor- nutus ‘ . p. 121 brasiliensis cris- - tatus A : «4 bho canorus ~ 6 capensis niin NOS Carolinensis 93 cayanensis . 90 cayanensis ne@- vius : é - 99 cayanus - 90 —_———— clamosus 108 ———— ceruleus Nearer 59) ———- cornutus 121 ————- coromandus 119 — crassirostris 86 criard 108 cristatus 118 ————— _ cristatus ruber 120 [<—-—. cupreus 12.) cyanocephalus 110 —Dominicus . 97 ex nigro et albo mixtus 117 flabelliformis 90 flavus 107 aaa glandarius 116 guineensis crise tatus viridis , 2168 Guira . 113 gularis ie — honoratus 104 — jamaicensis . 124 i jamaicensis lon= . giroster . fi o. * E22 Indicus. - 8s xX INDEX. Cucutus Indicus nevius | p. 105 — Indicus niger 87 Klaasus J has ss lucidus 126 — maculatus . 102 : — Madagascari- ensis : ; 2401 —— Madagascari- ensis): Briss... een 5S Madagascari- ensis ceruleus . <7 56 Madagascari- ensis cristatus 118 Madagascari- ensis major |. ‘aurea 2) Malabaricusne- v1US , : . 104 — melanoleucos 114 — MeEXICANUS 109 Mindanensis 103 — Mindanensisne- vVLUS : A «= OA minor . 125 ee neevius - 99 ee orientalis . 87 — palliolatus 112 — panayus 106 ——— Persa . nig hOB —-—— phasianus . 48 — pisanus 117 —— pluvialis eae: ——— punctatus 105 punctulatus . 9& radiatus - 91 pyrrhocephalus 59 CucuLus rubicundus p. 109 scolopaceus . 95 senegalensis . 53 125 seniculus serratus . 14 solitarius . 84 Sonnerratii 111 — taitensis a i Q2 ——— taitius . enn — tenebrosus . 89 — Lol some 5: pw — tranquillus . Al —- Vetula © 122 Curucui ; : ; 4. blue-cheeked . 7 cinereous git eO fasciated é 6 Indian. a males Narina . oiijennaee —— red-bellied on 16 rufous. ‘ 9 ——- spotted . : 5 — violet-headed . 8 white-bellied .-. 11 yellow-bellied . 11 GALBULA pet) = albirostris . 226 =e grandis « QB —— longicauda . 225 — paradisea 225 eae rubricollis . 224 — viridis . 223 Honey-guide_ _.. « 131 INDEX. Honey- -guide greater p. 13 —— lesser . 140 | —_—_ Sparrman’s 138 Jacamar 222 great ; 5 227, green . A eee) ——__— Paradise .. « 2D red-throated , white-billed Jacamiciri . d « «222 new Pallas . 227 INDICATOR. eee ea major «139 ——__—. minor 140 Malkoha . : : red-headed =. a——=— tricoloured a. winite-bellied. -. OpETHUS . 4 Africanus . PHENICOPHEUS . 58 leucogas- ter e e e ® 60 pyrrhoce- phalus.. . ae OG) ee {TICQIOY 6} Picus - : ~. 146 aurantius . OS" wees BULAtus . 213 Picus bengalensis p. et. bicolor _——- borealis é é “3 cater. fe Canadensis . Canadensis striatus canus : : —— capensis . —— Capitis Bone Spei —— Cardinalis . —— Carolinus -. cayanensis . a ca yanensis albus —— griseus a hirsutus —— hirundinaceus . icterocephalus . ——lignarius . lineatus , mahrattensis : major w= Malaccensis Carolinus var. Lath. cayanensis minor chlorocephalus . cinnamomeus ‘ dominicensis minor dominicensis striatus erythrocephalus exalbidus fasciatus flavescens . flavicans flavipes ° flaviventris . ; goensis : : Goertan X11 INDEX. | Picus manillensis . . p. 189 || Pievs varius - .- p. 168 martius 148 varius, Briss. 163 medius ; 3) 168, varius canadensis 173 —— melanochloros 203 varius cayanensis 220 melanoleucos 155 warlus jamaicensis 182 miniatus. - 2i0 varius majore . 163 minor . ) L6G varlus mexicanus ma- minutus : . Q1F jor ‘ ; . 195 moluccensis Hees cod varius mexicanus mi- multicolor 205 nor ; : 2 ZS —— niger : 148 — varius minor . 166 —— niger carolinensis. 150 varius virginianus —— niger cayanensis cris- — minor : WOvaAz7t tatus ; F fT villosus : 171 —— norvegicus . » 2188 virginianus pileatus 158 nubicus , 180 viridis 183 obscurus. 153 || —— viridis norvegicus 188 ~——olivaceus . 216 undatus- 206 passerinus . 200 || ——— undulatus 220 pectoralis . 208 —— Philippinarum 190 || Pocontus ; : 1 pileatus : 158 levirostris . 2 —— Pitius : - 212 sulcirosiris . 2 = Portoricensis ~ 217 - Vieilloti ; 3 principalis 150 || Pogonius groove-beaked 2 pubescens . - 170 smooth-beaked 2 ruber ; - 160 Vieillot’s 3 ——— rubidicollis . 156 —— rubricollis . 159 || PoLopHiLus ‘ - 43 —— rufus . ; « -QOF /Egyptius 54 —— senegalensis . 198 || —————— bengalensis 50 —— striatus ; . 199 || ——— czeruleus 50 —— striatus, Gmel, . 162 || ——— gigas. 45 —r— striatus cayanensis 204 || ——— Lathami . 46 tricolor ‘ 175 || ——— leucogaster 49 —— tridactylia . ~ 219 || ———-——— maurus . 57 variegatus . . 193 || ————--———- Phasianus 48 INDEX. Xill Potopuitus rufus . p.44 || Woodpecker, Bengal p. 185 ——_———— senegalensis 53 || ——~ black-breast- —— sinensis . 51 ed . : : « -205 cee Tolu _ §2 || ——— brown «~ 178 oot teilcd vatiegiwas 47 || 2 — buff-crested 155 ay viridis . 8)—— Canada spot- ted : ; 173 Touraco . . Oe Cape 215 Beicam . 263 || es ian Cardinal 176 TRIDACTYLIA 2198 | Saeco, Carolina . 182 Ee eahirsuta’. <21iQ: |b Tes Cayenne . 204 — undulata 220 |. ea » 157 —-— crimson- Tridactylia eS romped: oy fap. awe AO downy. . 219 || —————— downy . 170 waved . 51920. ||| ——.—_——-Encenada.. ..193 es ferruginous 209 TROGON : : 4. Goa: .(..... 187 , asiaticus ; 7 || ———-—. gold-backed 198 brasiliensis ‘viri- ——_—_-———- gold-crested 203 dis . . : - 16) ——-—__—- gold-winged 213 cayanensis cine- ——gorget -. 208 - reus i - + 10] ——— great black 148 —— Curucui 16 || —-—--——- greater spot- = — fasciatus . . 6 || ted. : : - 163 — Indicus “13 ——— green , 183 —_ maculatus . 5 — grey 181 Narina .. 14 —— grey-headed ——— rufus. ° ce) green ‘ : - 188 — strigillatus 10 || ————— hairy op let — violaceus. 8 — lesser black 196 ————— viridis . eee | — lesser spotted 166 viridis a ventre —lineated . 152 candido . : PY |p ee ttle. sy. 10 | —————-—— Mahratta . 177 Woodpecker : 146 | ——-—--———- Malacca 1902 ————— bank 212 | ———-——— Manillagreen 189 X1V Woodpecker, middle spot- ted : é oD — eee minute — northern . Nubian olive eee Sas ee ee orange ———_——"passerine . —————— Philippine —_—--——_ pileated Portorico . rayed red-breasted enn FEcheeked red-headed ee red-necked ease red-rumped ——— - red-throated a red-winged ae rufous. ——-——_—- spotted bel- lied : ; ; , spotted In- dian : , striped bel- lied . ; INDEX. 163. 211 174 180 216 105 200 190 158 217 199 150 206 153 159 104 156 185 162 Woodpecker, three-toed p. 219 three-toed, southern .. : . 220 — varied 175 —_—_—— white-billed 150 ——_——— white-rumped 153 ———— yellow . 202 ——— yellow-bel- lied . , : o 161 ——— yellow-crest- ed : : 201 ——— yellow-head- ed : ‘ 101 — yellow-leg- — ged : : - 196 — Yellow, with black spots : 34 WRYNECK . . 142 common piri i: 45 Yunx ; ; . 142 minutissimus Priore torquilla . .- 148 BIRDS. PIC A. POGONIUS. Generic Character. Restrum magnum, crassum, || Beak large, thick, ciliated at basi ciliatum, mandibula |} the base; with the upper superiore utrinque biden- mandible bidentate on both tata. sides. Nares vibrissis tectz. Nostrils covered with bristles. Pedes simplices, digitis duo- || eet simple, with two toes bus anticis, duobus pos- before, and two behind. ticis. THere are at present only three species known of this curious genus, which may be easily distin- guished from Bucco by the characters above given. They are all inhabitants of Africa, but with their manners we are utterly unacquainted. | V. IX. P. I. 1 GROOVE-BEAKED POGONIUS. ( Pogonius sulcirostris. ) a Pic yaneo- ater ; gula, jugulo, abdomine fasciaque obscura alarum coccineis ; lateralibus flavidis ; dorso macula alba ; remigibus Juscis; rostro mandibula superiore longitudinaliter unisulcato, anfertore sulcis transversis exarata. Blue-black Pogonius, with the throat, neck, belly, and an ob- scure stripe on the wings scarlet; sides yellowish; back with -a white spot; quills dark brown; upper mandible with one longitudinal, under with many transverse grooves. Bucco dubius. «Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 206. 16. Le Barbican. Buff. Hist! Nat. Ois,7. 132. _ Le Barbican, des cétes de Barbarie, Buff. Pl. Eni. 602. Pogonius sulcirostris. Leach Zool. Misc. 2. t. 76. Doubtful Barbet, Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 500. 16. Tuis remarkable bird is in length nine inches: beak one inch and a half; the under mandible _ transversely channelled beneath: upper parts. of the body, wings, and tail black, with a white spot on the back: abdomen yellowish at the sides: an obscure stripe on the wings, and the whole of the | under parts red, except a band on the breast, and the thighs and vent, which are black : legs reddish brown, and rather short. Inhabits the north of Africa, about the coast of Barbary. SMOOTH-BEAKED POGONIUS., (Pogonius levirostris.) P. ater; gula, jugulo, pectore, abdomine fasciague alarum coc- — cineis; dorso. macula alba; vertice caccineo-variegato ; rostro levi haud sulcato. psi Se GROOVE-BEAKED POGONIAS . NN IN Pp &, Te AUS? x iis . ry S Soa AS, cS < SMOOTH-BEAKED POGONIAS. VIEILLOT’S POGONIUS. 3 3 Black Pogonius ; throat, neck, breast, abdomen and a stripe on the wings scarlet ; back with a white spot; crown of the head variegated with scarlet; beak smooth, not grooved, - Bucco dubius 6. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 206. 16. : Pogonius levirostris. Leach Zool. Misc. 2. t. 77. Beak not grooved beneath: general colour. blueish black: the crown of the head variegated with crimson, which colour passes behind the eyes, and reaches forward to the breast, which is like- wise crimson; greater wing-coverts tipped with crimson, forming an oblique bar of the same across the wing: on the back is a white spot: all the under parts are red, except the chin, which is black: quills brown: this bird inhabits Africa: there is a very fine specimen preserved in the British Museum. | = : VIEILLOT’S POGONIUS. (Pogonius Vieilloti.) P. brunneus; subtus albidus ; capite collo gula maculisque pec- toralibus coccineis ; remigibus interioribus externé pallido mare ginatis; rostro levi, haud sulcata. Brown Pogonius ; whitish beneath; head, neck, throat, and spots on the breast, scarlet; interior wing-quills externally margined with pale; beak smooth, not grooved. Pogonius Vieilloti. Leach Zool. Misc, 2. 104. t. 97. Tue only specimen that I have seen is preserved in the British Museum : this appears to be a young bird in the state of changing its plumage. In- habits Africa. | TROGON. CURUCUL. Generic Character. - Rostrum breve, validum, mar- || Beak short, strong, serrated gine serratum. at the margin. Nares vibrissis tecte. Nostrils covered with bris- tles. Pedes breves, simplices lanu- || Feet short, simple, covered gine tecta, digitis duobus with down, with two toes anticis, duobus posticis. ' before, and two behind. ‘Tue birds of this genus are mostly inhabitants of South America, there being only two that are found in other parts; they differ very much in appearance in the various stages of growth, so much so, that it has caused great confusion of species : they feed on fruits, and all agree in their general habits of life, which are similar to those de- scribed under “I. curucui. ‘They are called Cou- roucouis or Curucui at Guiana, from their notes - being very much like that word. SPOTTED CURUCUI. (Trogon maculatus. ) TR. fusco et nigricante fasciatus; vertice viridt; tectricibus alarum remigibusque secundarits viridibus apice albis; cauda nigricante Sasciis albis. Curucui striped with dusky and brown; crown green; wing- coverts and secondary quill-feathers green, white at the tips ; tail dusky with white bars, | Trogon maculatus. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 404,—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 201. 7. bata Spotted Curucui. Lath. Syn 2.491. 6. ABOUT Six iia i in length: beak brown: crown dark green: neck, breast, and belly, pale brown, barred with dusky: margins of the wings white : coverts and secondaries green, tipped with white : tail dusky, banded with white. Inhabits Ceylon. FASCIATED CURUCUI. (Trogon fasciatus. ) Tr. dorso ferrugineo, corpore.subtus fulvo-rubro ; capite collogue migricantibus ; fascia pectoral alba; alis albo nigroque fas- ciatis; cauda apice nigris. Curucui with a ferruginous back, body beneath fulvous red ; head and neck dusky, with a white fascia on the breast; wings fasciated with black and white; apex of the tail black. Trogon fasciatus.. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 405.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 200. 6. Fasciated Curucui. Lath, Syn. 2. 492. 7. Lenetu ten inches and a half. Beak black, thick, strong, and arched, furnished with bristles at the base: orbits naked, of a dark blue: irides yellow: head and neck dusky black: paler on the breast, across which is a white band, beneath that the whole under side is of a light, reddish, orange colour: back tawney, tail-coverts grey : wing-co- verts and scapulars elegantly barred with un- dulating lines of black and white: quills dusky, — striated with white on the exterior webs: tail very long, unequal, the outer feathers the shortest: tip black: legs dusky. : This species inhabits Ceylon, where it is called by the inhabitants Rautvan-kondea, but it is very — rare. BLUE-CHEEKED CURUCUI. (Trogon asiaticus. ) TR. viridis, fronte vertice cerviceque rubris, gula cerulea macula — rubra, remigibus rectricibusque nigris. Green Curucui, with the forehead, crown and hind part of the neck red ; throat blue, with a red spot ; quills and tail-feathers black. Trogon asiaticus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 201.8. Blue-cheeked Curucui. Lath. Syn. Sup. 93. Nive inches in length : forehead red, edged with a white line; crown and hind part of the neck, red, bounded below with a line of white, and on the sides by black: from each eye a narrow red line extends pointing upwards: throat blue, marked with a spot of red at the bottom: the rest of the body, wings and tail, a rich green, the quills ex- cepted, which are black: legs green. Inhabits India. al VIOLET-HEADED CURUCUI. ‘(Trogon violaceus. ) Tr. violaceus, dorso viridi, tectricibus alarum, remigibusque se- cundariis albo maculatis, rectricibus tribus, lateralibus albo nigroque fasciatis, apice albis. Violet-coloured Curucui, with a green back; wing-coverts and secondary quills spotted with white; the three lateral tail- feathers barred with black and white, with white tips. _ Trogon violaceus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 404.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 109Ka.. 1” 1 Le Couroucou a chaperon violet. Buff. Hist, Nat, Ois. 6. 204. Violet-headed Curucui. Lath, Syn. 2. 491. 5. Ratuer larger than T. rufus. Beak lead-co- -loured at the base, and whitish at the points; on the forehead, round the eyes and the ears, it is blackish ; the remainder of the head, throat, neck, and breast, very dark violet ; eye-lids yellow; back and rump of a dark gilded green; upper tail-co- verts blueish green, and gilded as the others; wings brown; coverts and lesser quills spotted . with white; the two middle tail-feathers blueish ~ green, tipped with black; the next two, on each side, partly green, and partly black; the three exterior ones black, barred and tipped with white. Inhabits Cayenne. Dee if: esicicers RUFOUS CURUCUIL. RUFOUS CURUCUI. (Trogon rufus.) Tr. rufus, corpore subtus flavo, alis griseo nigroque striatis, rec- trictbus tribus utrinque lateralibus albo nigroque Leege apice albis. Rufous Curucui, with the body beneath yellow; wings striated _with black and grey; the three lateral tail- feathers striated with black and white, with white tips. Trogon rufus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.404. Lath, Ind. abe 1. 200-6. a). Couroucou a queue rousse de Cayenne. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ors. 6. 293.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 736. Rufous Curucui. Lath. Syn. 2. 490-4. 21. Tue Rufous Curucui is in length nine inches ; general colour rufous; the belly, thighs, and vent yellow; wing-coverts striated with black and grey ; quills black, with dusky edges; six inner tail- feathers of equal length, rufous with black tips ; _ three exterior ones striated transversely with black and white, gradually shortening in length to the most outward one, and tipped. with wht belly and legs dusky. Is found in Cayenne. 10 CINEREOUS CURUCUI. (Trogon strigilatus. ) Tr. cinereus, abdomine fulvo, alis strigis albis, rectricibus nigris, tribus lateralibus extus albo fasciatis apice albis. Cinereous Curucui, with a fulvous abdomen; wings striated with white; tail-feathers black, the three lateral ones outwardly banded and tipped with white. — Trogon strigilatus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 167. 1.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 402,.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 200. 4. Trogon cayanensis cinereus, Bris, 4. 165.—1. 16. 1.—Geo. Orn, 2. 53: 188. Couroucow’ de la Guiane, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 293.—Buff Pl. Enl, 765. Cinereous Curucui. Lath. Syn. 2. 489. 3. Size of a Blackbird. Length twelve inches and a half; beak one inch long and dark ash colour; the general colour of the body dark ash, but more so on the legs and thighs; belly and under tail- coverts of a fine orange yellow; scapulars, upper wing-coverts, and. the greater ones close to the body, blackish, striated transversely with narrow white lines; those farthest from the body plain; under wing-coverts dark ash, margined with white ; greater quills blackish; the five first have white margins two-thirds of their length; secondaries - blackish, but white at the base, and marked with that colour on the exterior edge; tail blackish, the six middle feathers six inches and a quarter in length; the three exterior ones shorten gradually, the most outward being two inches shorter than YELLOW-BELLIED CURUCUL. illite YELLOW-BELLIED CURUCUI = 11 the middle ones, and striated with white on the outer edge, as well as tipped with the same; legs and claws dark ash-colour. Inhabits Cayenne and Guiana. | YELLOW-BELLIED CURUCUI. ( Trogon viridis.) TR. viridi-aureus subtus luteus, gula nigra, rectricibus utrinque tribus extimis oblique et dentatius albis. Golden Green Curucui, beneath yellow; throat black ; with the three lateral. tail-feathers on both sides, obliquely dentated with white. Trogon viridis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 167. 3.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 404. —Bris. 4, 168.2. %. 7: 1.—Ger. Orn, 2. 53. 180.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 199. 2. Couroucou 3 a ventre jaune. Buff: Hist. Nat. O1s. 6.201.—Buff. Pi. Enl. 195. | Yellow-bellied Curucui. Lath. Syn. 2. 488. 2. ‘B. minor, abdomine albo. 3 Less, abdomen white. | Trogon viridis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 107. Q. B.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1.1909: 2; 6. Trogon viridis ventre candido, Briss. 4. 170. 3 Couroucou verd a ventre blanc, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ovs. 6. 293. White-bellied Curucui. . Lath. Syn. 1, 489. 2. | ELEVEN inches and a half in length; beak pale ash-colour; nearly an inch long; the upper part of the head violet, with a mixture of green gold ; the sides of the head and throat black ; the upper parts of the body green gold reaching forwards and forming a band of the same colour on the 12 YELLOW-BELLIED CURUCUI. breast; all beneath this orange yellow; the thighs nearly black, under wing-coverts the same, bor- dered with white; upper wing-coverts and scapu- lars black; quills black brown, the outer edges from the base to the middle white, from thence to the end spotted with white; tail wedge-shaped ; the two middle feathers exceed the outer ones by near two inches, and blackish, glossed with green gold; the second and third, on each side, the same, but the margins only green gold; the third has a black tip; the fourth blackish, and indented with white on the exterior edge at the tip; and the two outer ones, half way from the base blackish, the rest white; and. these two colours indented into each other, as in the former; legs feathered. to the toes, with blackish feathers ; toes and claws brown ash. Inhabits Cayenne. | There is a variety of this bird which is rather less than the former, and differs in having the belly white, instead of yellow; the end half of the tail- feathers white, separated obliquely, but indented with the other colours, as in the common variety. INDIAN CURUCUI. (Trogon indicus.) Tr. nigricans, supra ferugineo-maculatus ; subtus flavescens ni- gricante fasciatus ; capite nigro alboque striato 5 cauda longis- sima fasciata. Dusky Curucui, with ferruginous spots above 3 beneath yel- _lowish striped with dusky ; head black with white stripes; tail very long and barred. Trogon indicus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.201. 9. Indian Curucui. Lath. Syn. Sup. 94. Beak blueish, very much hooked; head and neck black, striped with white; from the corners of the mouth, just beneath the cheeks a whitish streak; back and wings dusky, marked with round rusty spots; Breet and belly yellowish white, barred with dusky; tail very long, wedge- shaped, and crossed with narrow dusky ae ; legs ash-colour. Dr. Latham, from whose celebrated work we have taken the description of this bird, savs it inhabits India, and is called by the natives wun- gummi. | | 14 NARINA CURUCUI. (Trogon Narina.) Tr. Superne viridis ; abdomine coccineo. | _ Mas. Capite, dorso, collo, gula, jugulo, pectore tectricibusque vt- ridibus, his postice cinereis ; wail a nigris externe albo-= limbatis. Fem. Gula, jugulo, tectricibusque brunueis ; Dpshlint antice cinerascente. Curucui above green; with a red belly. Male, with the head, neck, back, throat, jugulum, breast, and wing-coverts green; which last are greyish behind; quills black, bordered externally with white. Female, with the throat, jugulum, and wing-coverts brown ; abdomen in front cinerascent. Le Couroucoucou Narina. Le Vaill. Ois. d’ Afr. 5. 228. male. 229. female. ‘Tue male has the head, neck, back, legs, wings, and tail-coverts green; large wing-coverts cine- reous, beautifully rayed and speckled with zigzag marks of blackish; the great quills black with broad white margins; breast, belly, and under parts of the tail red; the four middle feathers of. which are of a length, and of a beautiful green co- Jour; feet yellowish; eyes reddish ; female much less ee the male, greenish brown on the head, back part of the neck and upper part of the tail ; throat and under part of the neck and breast red-- dish brown; belly rose-coloured; wing quills sooty black with white edges; great coverts less rayed than those of the male; eyes brown. | NARINA CURUCUI. 15 In the young state the male has the large wing- coverts reddish, and the quills of the wings brownish black, with white sides; and the female has less of the reddish colour than the male, the hinder part of the neck and the breast is red. Le Vaillant, to whom we are indebted for the figure and description of this bird, informs us that it is an inhabitant of Caffraria, and the country of Auteniquoi to the river Gamtoo, and that the name Narina in the Hottentot language signifies a flower. “A 7 This species builds its nest in the holes of trees, in which the female deposits four nearly round eggs, and during the time of her incubation the male has a melancholic note, at all other times he is silent.. 16 RED-BELLIED CURUCUI. (Trogon Curucui.) — TR. viridi-aureus, subtus Sfulvo-miniaceus ; gula nigra, tectricibus - alarum rectricibusque triius extimis albo nigroque_fasciatis. Golden-gr een Curucui, of a fulvous red beneath; throat black ; wing-coverts and the three exterior tail- feathers white striped with black. Trogon Curucui. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 167. 2.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 403.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 198. 1. Trogon brasiliensis viridis, Bris. 4. 173. 4.—Ger: Orn. 2. 53. 187. Couroucou a ventre rouge. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ors. 6. 287. Ades Buff. Pl. Enl. 452. Red-bellied Curucui. Lath. Syn. 2. 485. 1. B. griseo-cinereus viridi-nitens ; abdomine postice rubro 3 cauda longiore. ‘ Greyish cinereous, with a green gloss; abdomen red behind ; tail long. Couroucou a longue queue. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 88.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 737. - Trogon Curucui, Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 198. 1. y. Red-bellied Curucui. Lath, Syn. 2. 486. 1. B. Ratuer less than a Magpie; length ten inches and a half; beak pale yellow; the under man- dible armed with stiff black bristles, and both eye- lids the same; irides golden; head, neck, upper part of the breast, back, rump, and upper tail- coverts shining green, with a blue gloss in certain lights; throat black; wing-coverts blueish grey, marked with many undulating black lines; quills black, with part of the shafts white; the breast, RED-BELLIED CURUCUI. 17: belly, sides, and under tail-coverts of a’ beautiful red: the thighs blackish: upper surface of the tail green, sani? to the back, except 1 the three outer feathers, which are blackish, and crossed with narrow transverse lines of grey ; tail itself wedge- shaped: legs brown. The female is said by Button _ to differ in having those parts, which are of a fine brilliant green in the male, black grey, and en- tirely without gloss: the undulating lines on the wings are also less conspicuous: and three of the outer tail-feathers have the webs marked with black and white: the upper mandible is not yellow, but - brown, and the red colour does not extend so high on the breast. : ) This bird is said to vary very much, and Marc- | . grave mentions one which had the wing-coverts an brown: the bill ash-coloured, irides saffron- coloured, and without the bare spot under the eye mentioned by Brisson in his description. _ There is another variety described and figured by Buffon: the beak of which is exactly eitnilak both in shape and colour: but the whole bird is of @ cinereous grey, with very slight traces of green _ gold, on a close inspection, especially on the back and middle tail-feathers: the lower part of the belly and vent only are red: and the tail itself very long, having the outer webs of the three la- teral feathers and the tips plain white: the three outer quills are also marked with black and white. on the exterior webs. This is a very solitary bird, being found re in the thickest forests, and in the pairing time there Vv. IX. PI. 2 18 RED-BELLIED CURUCUI. are never more than two found together, at which time the male has a very melancholy note (by which his haunts are discovered) which is never uttered at any other time than while the female is sitting, for instantly on the young making their appearance, he becomes again perfectly mute. They begin to pair in April, and build in the hole of a rotten tree, laying three or four white eggs, about the size of Pigeon’s, on the decayed dust, which if there does not happen to be any already in the hole, they are said to procure by bruising the sound wood into powder, by means of their bill, which being very strong and powerful they easily effect. During the incubation of the female, .the male supplies her with food, and by his song helps to pass away the time, which might otherwise seem too long. The young when first hatched, are quite destitute of feathers: the head is very large and out of proportion, and the legs too long : the old birds feed them with small worms, cater- pillars and insects, and when able to shift for themselves, desert them and return to their solt- tary haunts, till August or September ; when they are again instinctively prompted = produce an- other brood. These birds are called at St. Domingo, Le Ca- legon rouge, and in other islands, Demozselle, or Dame Angloise, in which places it has been tried in vain to tame them, as they refuse to eat, and die in consequence. They are likewise found at Cayenne, Peru, Brasil, and Mexico. 19 BUCCO. BARBET. Generic Character. Rostrum, robustum, acutum, || Beak strong, pointed, com- lateribus compressis, usque |} pressed laterally, covered ad oculus hyans,adapicem |} with strong bristles or emarginatum etincurvatum, |} bearded at the base, the ad basin barbatum aut pen- || apex emarginate and in- nis duriusculis obtectum. curved ;. the gape reaching ae ee below the eyes. Nares pennis recumbentibus || Nostri/s covered with recum- _ obtecte. bent feathers. ‘ Pedes scansorii. Feet formed for climbing. Tue birds of this genus are all inhabitants of Africa, and the warmer parts of Asia and Ame- rica; their head is very large, their bills strong and nearly straight, almost covered with bristles, tail-feathers generally ten. They are a solitary stupid race, mostly living in sequestered forests ; their principal food is insects. 20 Wings simple, or without a spur at the shoulder. BEAUTIFUL BARBET. (Bucco maynanensis.) Bu. viridis, capite gulaque rubris ceruleo-marginatis ; jugulo pectoreque flavo; abdomine antice rufescente, postice fusco maculato ; remigibus interne. fuscescentibus. Green Barbet, with the head and throat red margined with blue: jugulum and breast yellow; abdomen in front rufes- cent, behind spotted with fuscous; quill-feathers internally brownish. Bucco maynanensis. Briss. 4, 102.5.t.7.f. 3.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 203. 4. | Bucco elegans. Gimel. Syst. Nat. 1. 406. Le beau Tamatia. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 7. 98. Barbu de Maynas. Buff. Pl. Enl. 330. Beautiful Barbet. Lath. Syn. 2. 498. 4. Tuis bird is the size of a Sparrow: length about five inches and three quarters: beak near an inch long, of an ash-colour, with the edges and tip of a yellowish white : top of the head, sides, and throat, red, edged with light blue: at the corners of the mouth is a streak of light blue, which separates the red on each side: the upper parts of the body and tail are green: the latter wedge-shaped and consisting of ten feathers: the quills are brown, with the outer edges green: the fore part of the neck and breast deep yellow: on the lower part of the breast is a large red spot; the rest beneath yellowish white, spotted longitudinally with green: the legs and claws ash-colour. YELLOW-THROATED BARBET. 91 Is found in the country of Maynas, on the bor- ders of the river Amazon, in South America, and is much more lively than most of its kind, as well as more agreeable in its shape, not being so clum- sily made, and more beautiful in its general ap- pearance. YELLOW-THROATED BARBET. (Bucco philippensis.) Bu. viridis, subtus flavicans olivaceo maculatus: gula capiteque lateribus flavis ; vertice juguloque rubris. Green Barbet, beneath,yellowish spotted with olive ; throat and _ sides of the head yellow; top and jugulum red. Bucco philippensis. Bris. 4. 99.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 407.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 203. 7.— Cuv. des an, 234. 1. Barbu a gorge jaune. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 102, 5. Barbu des Philippines. Buff--Pl. Eni. 331. Yellow-throated Barbet. Lath, Syn. 2. 500. 7. LeneTu five inches and ahalf: the beak brown, rather thick, and almost an inch in length: the top of the head, as far as the crown, red; the rest of the head, with the upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, dull green: on each side of the head is a large yellow spot, in the middle of which the eye is placed: the throat and fore part of the neck are yellow: on the upper part of the breast is a transverse broad band of red: the rest of the under parts dirty yellow: longitudinally streaked with dull green: the legs yellowish, claws brown. The female differs from the male in 29 GREEN BARBET. having no red on the head and breast; and the spot in which the eyes are placed, with the breast, and fore part of the neck, are yellowish white. Inhabits the Philippine islands. GREEN BARBET. ( Bucco viridis.) Bu. wveridis; capite colloque griseo-fuscis; capite pone oculum utringue macula alba, Green Barbet, with the head and neck greyish-brown; head ‘with a white spot on both sides near the eyes. Bucco viridis. Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 408.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 205. 11. ‘ Le Barbu vert. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 7, 107. Le Barbu de Mahé. Buf. Pl. Enl. 870. Green Barbet. Lath, Syn. 2. 504.11. THIs species is six and a half inches in length: © the bill is white, and measures an inch and a half long, and seven lines thick at the base; where the upper mandible is furnished with black bristles: the head and neck are greyish-brown : the feathers of the latter edged with white: there is a white spot both above and beneath the eye: the rest of the bird, except the greater quills, which are brown, is of a beautiful green, but paler on the under side: legsdusky. Inhabits India. RED-CROWNED BARBET. (Bucco rubricapillus.) Bu. viridis, vertice gulaque coccinets; humeris macula albida; pectore flavo fascia rubra nigro marginata; abdomine albo. ‘Green. Barbet, with the crown and throat scarlet; shoulders with a white spot; breast yellow with a red fascia margined with black; abdomen white. Bucco rubricapillus. Gmel. Syst. Nat.1.408.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1, 205. 13. | Red-crowned Barbet. Brown, Ill. t. 14.—Lath. Syn. 2. 505. 14. Axout five inches and a half in length: beak dusky: crown and throat scarlet: a black line on the sides of the head above each eye; and a white spot above each shoulder: back and wing-coverts green: primary feathers dusky, breast yellow, with a short transverse band of black, and an- other of red in the middle: belly white: tail green: the exterior feathers dusky: legs red. Inhabits Ceylon. 24 YELLOW-CHEEKED BARBET. (Bucco zeylanicus. ) “Bu. viridis ; capite colloque pailide fuscis; genis flavis nudius- culis ; tectricibus alarum albo maculatis. Green Barbet, with the head and neck pale fuscous: cheeks "yellow and naked : wing-coverts with white spots. _ Bucco zeylanicus. Gmel. Roe Nat. 1, 408.—Lath, akae Orn. 1. 205. 15. Yellow-cheeked Barbet. Bou Til. t. 15 oth, Syn. 2. 506. - 15.—Lath, Sup. 95. Near six inches in length: beak red: head and neck pale brown, clouded: eyes situated in a naked yellow spot: back pale green: wing-coverts the same, each feather spotted with white in the middle : primary feathers green : interior feathers dusky : belly pea- ae tail sein legs pale yellow. This species inhabits Cevlon, Batavia, and like- wise India: is called by the Cingalese, Kottorea. It perches on high trees, cooing like a turtle, but much louder; and from'this noise the natives have given it the above name. 25 AFRICAN BARBET. | (Bucco Africanus.) Bu. Remigibus ceruleo aut viridescente nigris. Mas. Corpore subtus fronteque albidis ; vertice, colloque postice nigris; cauda superne ceruleo- -nigra; tectricibus viridibus rubro-marginatts. Foem. :Capite, collo, jugulo, Rcregue Serrugineis fusco-lunato — maculatis ; dorso caudaque superne ferruginets immaculatis, Barbet, with the quills of a blue or greenish black. Male, with the body beneath and the forehead whitish; top of _ the head and neck behind black; tail above of a blue-black ; “ -wing-coverts green with red margins, Female, with the head, neck, jugulum, and belly ferruginous with lunulated fuscous spots; back and tail above ferruginous — without spots. Cuculus Afer. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. GTM Tad. Orn. 1. 217. 34. | 7 Cuculus Madagascariensis major. Briss, 4. 160, 28. ¢. 15. f. 1. Le Vourou-driou, Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 395. mas. “a Le “cn ae Le Vaill. Ois. a’ Afr. 5.° 226. mas. 227. femdle, e\ 2... Le Grand Coucou de Higa cetenr Buff. Pl. Ent. 587. mas. 588. female.—Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 396. African Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 532. 36. A. male, ‘B. female... Tuis bird has been considered by many authors as a species of Cuculus, but the form of the beak alone, (without descending to other characters, ) is sufficient to remove it from thence. The beak of the male is two inches in length, and blackish: head, throat, and neck ash-colour: crown of the head biliekish, ‘with a green and copper gloss: from the bill to the eye on each sideis a black line: the back, rump, scapulars, and upper wing and tail-coverts, - Me 96 AFRICAN BARBET. green, glossed with copper: breast, belly, sides, thighs, under wing and tail-coverts bright grey: greater quills blackish: lesser quills dull green, with a greenish copper gloss: the tail composed of twelve feathers of equal lengths, above copper and green gold, beneath black: legs reddish: claws black. The beak of the female is above two inches in length, and brown: head, throat, and hind part of the neck, transversely striped with brown and rufous: back and rump brown: the upper tail-coverts, fore part of the neck, breast, belly, sides, and under ‘tail-coverts, inclining to rufous, with a blackish spot-near the end of every feather: thighs and under wing-coverts plain: lesser wing-coverts brown with rufous tips: greater ones brown on the inner, and dull green on the outer edge, margined and tipped with rufous: quills as in the male, but duller: tail brown above, rather rufous at the tip: legs reddish: claws blackish. The female of this bird greatly exceeds the male in length, being seventeen inches and a half long, eed the male is but fifteen. This species abounds in Caffraria and the ad- joining country; the male is called by the natives Vouroug-driou, and the female Cromb, being by them .considered as distinct, in consequence of their great dissimilarity: it is likewise found in Madagascar. Its food consists principally of fruits, but Le Vaillant found in their stomachs the remains of half digested cicada, mantide ang locusts. , 27 INDIAN BARBET. (Bucco Indicus. ) Bu. viridis, subtus albus striis viridibus, capite nigro fronte ju- guloque rubris; genis, gula maculaque pectoris flavis. _ Green Barbet, beneath white striated with green, head black, forehead and front of the neck red; cheeks, throat, and breast with yellow spots. Bucco Indicus. Lat. Ind. Orn. 1.205. 14. Indian Barbet. Lath. Syn. Sup. 97. Srx inches in length: beak blue, hooked, beset at the base with hairs that exceed the bill itself in length: plumage in general green: forchead red: round the eye and chin yellow: the rest of the head black: body beneath white, streaked with green, reaching on each side of the neck in a crescent, and bordering the yellow chin: below this it is red, and lower is a spot of yellow, except which, the rest cf the under part is white: quills dark ash-colour: legs red. Inhabits India, where it is called Bussen-buddoo. LATHAM’S BARBET. (Bucco Lathami.) Bu. olivaceus, remigibus caudaque obscuris ; facie mentoque sub- JSusco rufescentibus. Greenish Barbet, quill-feathers and tail obscure, ‘the face ere chin brownish rufescent. Bucco Lathami. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 408. Let Ind. Orn, 1. 205. 12. Buff-faced Barbet. Lath. Syn. 1. 504, 12. ¢. 22. LrenetH six inches: beak pale, covered with bristles at the base, which are longer than the bill itself: the forehead, chin, and sides of the head, round the eyes are of a dull buff colour: the rest of the head and body are of a dark olive green, except the under parts that are rather lighter: wings the same as the back: quills dusky, with green margins; the tail likewise dusky and short : legs and claws yellow. There is a specimen of this bird in the British Museum, native place unknown. vj —— Ne Dn OS elttiinate (REA 3 ; 4 = a — 29 LITTLE BARBET. | (Bucco parvus. ) Bu. fulvo-fuscus, subtus albidus fusco striatus ; gula lutea ; striga suboculari pallida. Fulvous-brown Barbet, beneath whitish striated with brown; throat yellow; and with a pale streak beneath the eyes. Bucco parvus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 407.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 204. 9. Le petit Barbu. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 105. Barbu du Senegal. Buff. Pl. Enl. 7406, 2. Little Barbet. Lat. Syn. 2. 503. 9. | Turs is one of the smallest of the genus, being only four inches in length. The beak is brown; the upper parts of the body blackish-brown with a fulvous tinge; and on the quills and tail a shade of green: the quill-feathers are white on the edges; the under parts of the body are white, marked with brown stripes: the throat yellow: there is a short streak at the angles of the mouth, beneath the eye, sometimes whitish, some- times yellow: the legs are pale red or flesh colour. Inhabits Senegal. 30 -BLACK=THROATED BARBET. (Bucco niger. ) Bu. niger supra flavo maculatus ; sincipite rubro ; collo striga bifida, pectore abdomineque albis; remigibus externe flavo- marginatts. Barbet black above with yellow spots: forehead red: neck with a bifid stripe, with the breast and abdomen white; flag- feathers outwardly margined with yellow. Bucco niger. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 407.—Lat. Ind. Orn. 1. 204. 8. Le Barbu de lisle de Lucon. Son. Voy. 68. 34. Barbu a gorge noire. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 103. Black-throated Barbet. Lath, Syn. 2. 501. 8. LenerH seven inches: the beak blackish: the forehead of a fine red: the top, hind part of the head, throat, and neck black: above each eye is a curved stripe of yellow which, as it proceeds downwards, becomes white, and descends in a straight line to the lower part of the neck on each side; under this stripe is a black one, and between this and the throat is a band of white, which is continued, and blends itself with the breast ; which is white, as well as the belly, sides, thighs, and under tail-coverts; the middle of the back is black, but the side feathers between the back and neck have a yellow spot on each: wing-coverts black ; four of them edged with white, and one with swell? forming a stripe across the wing: beneath this some a the feathers are spotted with RED-FRONTED - BARBET. 31 yellow at the ends, below these again there are others margined with yellow: the quills are black, bordered with yellow: the four middle feathers of the tail are black, the rest black, ae with yellow: the legs are black. There is a specimen of this bird in the British Museum, said to have been brought from the Cape of Good Hope, agreeing with the above de- scription in every respect, except that the rump is of a beautiful yellow. It has been described by Sonnerat, who says it inhabits the wales tei Islands. RED-FRONTED BARBET. (Bucco rufifrons. ) Bu. Gula, jugule, pectore colloque postice nigris; fronte rubro ; collo utrinque strigis duabus abdomineque albidis ; dorso, alis, caudaque flavis nigro variis. Barbet with the throat, jugulum, breast and neck behind black ; forehead red; neck on both sides with two striz, and with the abdomen whitish; wings and tail yellow varied with black. ’ , Le Barbu 4 plastron noir. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 104. Barbu du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff. Pl. Enl. 688. 1, Bucco niger 8. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 204. 8. Tuts species is six inches and a half in length: the beak is black : forehead crimson ; from whence there is a black stripe which passes over the head, and down the back part of the neck to the back: the sides of the head and neck are white, with the ca ie Fare ae. 32. RED-FRONTED BARBET.« breast; from which to the vent the under parts are white: the white on the sides of the head is diversified, first, by a streak of yellow, which is placed over the eyes, and secondly by an irregular one of black that begins at the base | of the upper mandible, and divides the white into two parts, ending on the shoulders: the chin and fore parts of the neck are also black; the upper parts of the body and wings are brown and yellow mixed, the: edges of feathers being generally fringed with yellow: ‘the rump is almost wholly of a pale but. bright yellow: the tail is brown with yellow mar- gins: the legs are lead-colour. This bird is supposed by Dr. Latham to be a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and to be either the young of B. niger, or the other sex, but the form of the bill evidently proves they must be distinct. Its manners are quite unknown. Piss a ts i) oo CAYENNE BARBET. (Bucco Cayenensis.) | Bu, niger; pennis margine griseo aureis; subtus albo Hemet Sronte gulaque Pieris: ; supercilis albis. Black Barbet, with the feathers margined with grey gold; beneath whitish yellow ; eoren Cae and throat red, above the eyes white. Bucco Cayenensis. Bris. 4.95. 2. t. 7. f- 1.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 405.—Laith. Ind. Orn, 1. 202. 2. Le Tamatia a téte et gorge rouges. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 7.96. Barbu de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl. 206. 1. Cayenne Barbet. Lath. Syn. 2. 495. 2. Lenetu seven inches: the beak about an inch long, of a dark ash-colour: the forehead and throat are red: top of the head black and grey, with a golden gloss; each feather black in the middle; there is a band of white passing over the eye on each side of the head, almost to the back : sides of the head black: the upper parts of the body black: edges of the feathers grey gold: fore part of the neck, breast and belly, yellowish white; the side sprinkled with cinereous olive, and some of the feathers at the tip marked With __ black: thighs olive: the lesser wing-coverts black : the greater ones and scapulars blackish, marked on the outside with a yellowish white spot: quills blackish margined with olive on the outer part, and whitish on the inner: the tail cuneiform 3; olive brown above, and cinereous beneath: legs and claws cinereous. Inhabits Cayenne, Guiana, and St. Domingo. Wie ik. P. 1. 3 34 BLACK-SPOTTED BARBET. (Bucco nigro-maculatus.) Bu. nigricans; subtus albo-flavescens ; fronte gulaque rubris ; collo “subtus, pectore et lateralibus maculis nigris. Black Barbet ; beneath yellowish white; forehead and throat red; lower part of the neck, breast, and sides ~ Sig with Black spots. Bucco Cayenensis 8. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 202. 2. Bucco Cayenensis nevius. Bris. 4.97.3. t. 7.f- 4. Barbu de St. Domingue. Buff. Pl. Enl. 746. 2. Yellow Woodpecker with black spots. Edwards, 333. Black spotted Barbet. Lath, Gen. Syn. 2. 496. 2. a. Tuts bird, which is an inhabitant of Cayenne, is described in the Synopsis of Dr. Latham as a variety of B. Cayenensis, but upon an accurate examination of two specimens in Mr. Bullock’s Museum, it appears entirely distinct: it is about seven inches in length; with the forehead and throat red: top of the head black, the edges of the feathers grey gold; sides of the head, and hind part of the neck black; edges of the. feathers whitish: those of the rump also black with grey edges: under parts of the body pale yellow: breast and sides marked with large black spots: thighs olive: wing-coverts and quills not spotted with white as in the last, but similar in other respects: tail, legs, and beak as in it. 77 g io YY / \ ‘\ i ti fe Wiley \ Viylpy ; : f Hh) Nid ! J) wl vy Wy, a gud Y ip Wy Mn ‘ BLACK-SPOTTED BARBET. Go Wr GREATER PIED BARBET. (Bucco macrorhynchos.) Bu. niger; fronte, gula, jugulo, abdomine caudaque apice albis. Black Barbet, with the forehead, throat, front of the neck, abdomen, and tip of the tail white. Bucco macrorhynchos, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 406. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 203. 5. | Sau Tamatia noir et blanc. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 99. Le plus grand Barbu a gros bec. Buff. Pl. Enl, 089. Greater pied Barbet. Lath. Syn. 2. 498. 5. Tuts species is remarkable for the size of its beak, which considerably exceeds that of the other species both in length and thickness; it is much, hooked, and black: the forehead is white: the crown of the head and nape black; on the front, this colour reaches downward, and nearly surrounds the eye: the forehead, throat, and fore part of the neck with the sides beneath the eye are white, extending in a narrow collar round the nape behind: the lower part of the neck, back, and wing-coverts, are black, bordered with dusky white: across the breast is a band of black: the quills and tail are also black; but the feathers of the latter have white tips: the belly and vent white:. the sides and thighs. black and white mixed; the legs dusky. Found at Cayenne. LESSER PIED BAKBET. (Bucco melanoleucos. ) Bu. niger, fronte, gula, macula scapulari, striga pone oculos, ab- domine, caudaque apice albis. Black Barbet, with the forehead, throat, spot-on the scapulars, streak behind the eyes, abdomen, and tip of the tail white. Bucco melanoleucos. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 406.—Lat. Ind. Orn. 1. 203. 6, | Barbu 4a poitrine noir de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl. 688. 2. Lesser pied Barbet. Lath, Syn. 2. 490. 6. Lenertu five inches. The beak rather large in proportion, and bifid at the tip: as in the last, it is adorned with two colours only, viz. black and white, which are however differently disposed : the upper parts are black; with a little mixture of white on the forehead, and likewise a spot on the — scapulars: behind the eye is a streak of white: the throat and sides of the neck are white, the front of the neck black: on the breast is a broad band of black, which extends into the white on the sides of the neck, like a crescent: from this to the tail the under parts are white, except on the sides beneath the wings, where there is a mixture of black: the tail is black, tipped with white :, the legs dusky. It is probably the young of B. ma- crorhynchos. Found at Cayenne. Dr. Latham mentions having seen a specimen, which instead of a mixture on the forehead, had only a small spot of white: and the white streak SPOTTED-BELLIED BARBET. _ 37 behind the eye was extended downwards on each side of the neck; and some of the outer tail- feathers were white at the base; in other respects it agreed with the above description. SPOTTED-BELLIED BARBET. ~ _(Bucco Tamatia.) Bu. rufo-fuscus, subtus rufo-albus nigro maculatus; gula fulva ; collo lunula rufo nigroque varia; pone oculos macula nigra. Reddish brown Barbet ; beneath of a reddish white spotted with black ; throat fulvous ; neck with a lunulated collar composed of black and rufous; behind the eyes a black spot. Bucco Tamatia. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.405.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 202. 1. é Barbu a ventre tacheté de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Eni. 716.1. Spotted-bellied Barbet, Lath. Syn. 2. 494. 1.—Lath. Sup. 95. LENGTH six inches and a half. The beak is fif- teen lines long, the upper mandible black, in- curved at the extremity, and, seemingly, divided in two at the point; it is half covered with bristles, which arise at the base, and point forwards: the head is large in proportion to the rest of the body; the crown and fore part of the head incline to rufous: on the neck is a collar extending half round, composed of a mixture of black and rufous : behind the eyes on each side of the head, is a black spot: the throat is orange, and the rest of the plumage beneath rufous white, spotted with black; that of the upper part of the body reddish 38 SPOTTED-BELLIED BARBET. brown: the legs black: the collar on the neck has sometimes a mixture of white in it, and an obscure whitish line over the eyes is likewise occasionally observed. This bird is found at Cayenne oa Brasil, and called by the French Agaubue de Terre. It is a clumsy, ill-made bird, its manners corresponding to its shape, being a solitary, pensive, silent animal, retiring to those places that are most re- mote from any habitations; being found chiefly ~ in woods, where it fixes upon some low branch well covered with foliage; on this it perches for a long time together, with its immense head lean- ing on its shoulders, and, as it is very little dis- posed to action, may easily be killed, as it will suffer itself to be shot at repeatedly without at- tempting to escape. Its principal food is insects, especially Beetles; the flesh is not very good to eat, although the natives occasionally use it for food. / COLLARED f BARBET. COLLARED BARBET. * (Bucco capensis. ) Bu. rufus, fascia humerali fulva, pectorali nigra; gula ventreque albidis ; cauda trdnsversim nigro lineata. Rufous Barbet, with a band on the shoulders fulvous, on the breast, black; throat and belly whitish; tail transversely striated with black. as Bucco capensis, Lin. Syst, Nat. 1. 168.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 406. | . Tamatia a collier. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7.97. 4.—Cwv. Tab. Elem, 234. : Barbu a collier, Buff: Pl, Enl.395. — Collared Barbet. Lath. Syn. 2. 497.3. | r LrenetH seven inches and a quarter: the beak nearly an inch and a half in length, horn co- loured: the upper part of the head, the nape, and hind part of the neck rufous, striated with five lines of black: the sides of the head plain rufous: at the lower part of the neck near the back, is a narrow fulvous band, which extends forwards towards the neck, on each side; accom- panied by a narrower one of black, which unites to a broader one on the breast; beyond this, the back, wings, and rump, are rufous, striated with ‘black: the throat and fore part of the neck are dirty white: on the breast is a broad band of black: from thence to the vent rufous white: the belly sometimes yellowish: the tail rufous, two inches and a quarter in length, crossed with nar- 40 GREAT BARBET. row stripes of black: the six middle feathers are equal in length: the three others on each side gradually shorter to the outer one, which is the shortest of all: legs and claws. ash-coloured. Found at Guiana, but rarely. : GREAT BARBET. (Bucco grandis. ) Bu. viridis versicolor; remigibus nigro vuriegatis ; capite =_— cyaneis ; crisso rufo. Changeable green Barbet, with the é cillefeathend variegated with black ; head and neck blue; vent red. Bucco grandis. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 408.—Lath, Ind. Orn, 1. 204. 10. ) Grand Barbu de la Chine. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 106. Grand Barbet. Lath, Syn. 2.503. 10. | Lenetu eleven inches: the beak rather more than an inch and three quarters in length, whitish, with the tip black: the base covered with-strong black bristles, and about one inch thick: for the most part the plumage is of a fine green, which differs in various parts of the body, as the head and fore parts of the neck incline to blue, ac- cording to the disposition of the lights, and the hind part of the neck, with part of the back, are of a chesnut brown: the greater quill-feathers have a mixture of black: and the under tail- coverts are of a fine red: the legs are dusky yellow. : : : WAX-BILLED BARBET. 4) Dr. Latham has described a variety of this species, which he suspects may be the female: it is in length ten inches: beak reddish-brown and stout, with six. or eight bristles at the base: the nostrils are also hairy: round the eye bare, and of a reddish colour: general colour of the plumage dull green: the breast and belly pale whitish-green: quills black: tail short, green: legs of a pale yellow. Inhabits China and India, in which latter place it goes by the name of Honest face. Wings armed with a spur at the shoulder. WAX-BILLED BARBET., (Bucco calcaratus.) Bu. niger, subtus cinereus; tectricibus alarum albo marginatis flexura spinula alba, Black Barbet, beneath cinereous, wing-coverts margined with white, at the base of the wings a white spur. Bucco cinereus. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.409.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 206. 18. Corvus australis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 377. Corvus affinis. Shaw. Zool. 7. 381. Cuculus tranquillus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 417. Coucou noir de Cayenne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois.6. 416.— Buff: Pl. Enl. 512. Cayenne Black Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 403. 40. Red-billed Crow. Lath. Syn. 1. 403. 40.—Shaw. Zool. 7. 381, Wax-billed Barbet. Lath. Syn. 2. 507. 17.—Lath. Sup. 96. Lenety eleven inches and a half: beak one inch and a half in length, compressed on the sides, 42 WAX-BILLED BARBET. and curved the whole length, but most so at the tip: the colour of the bill bright vermillion: nos- trils covered with reflected bristles: head, neck, and upper parts of the body dusky black: at the. bend of the wing, just within, is a horn-coloured spine, about one-eighth of an inch long, and blunt at the end: lesser wing-coverts mixed with white near the body: breast and belly cinereous: quills and tail dark black, the latter rounded, and composed of ten feathers: legs dusky. Inhabits Cayenne. This is a very solitary and sila bird, being _ generally found perched on those trees that gTOW near water in sequestered places. It was placed by Dr. Latham, in his celebrated ornithological work, under the various genera of Corvus*, Bucco, and Cuculus, from not having seen perfect speci- mens; but corrected in his supplement, having ascertained its proper situation, by the examina- tion of recent and perfect birds, before the publi- cation of that part. Monsieur Vieillot, in his paper to the Linnean Society, proposes it as a genus by the name of Monadon. * A short description of this bird occurs in vol. vil. p. 381 of this work, where it is named the Red-billed Crow, upon Dr. Latham’s ik ek 43 POLOPHILUS. COUCAL. Generic Character. Rostrum robustum, subin- || Beak strong, slightly incurv- curvatum. CO ots 3 Nares recte, elongate. Nostrils strait, elongate. _ Pedes simplices; digitis du- || Feet simple; two toes point- obus anticis, exteriore lon- ing forward, the exterior giore: digitis duobus pos- of which is the longest; ticis, interne breviore un- || twotoes turning backwards, gue longissimo instructo. the interior toe furnished with a very long claw. ‘Tue tail of the birds belonging to this genus consists of ten feathers; the wings are short and rounded; the feathers of the neck and upper part of the body are generally stiff with shining edges. They were first named Coucal by Le Vaillant, who was well acquainted with the dif- ference of character which distinguishes this genus from the true Cuculz. ~The Coucals in general form a most beautiful tribe of birds; they reside in woods, feed on in- sects and fruits; they construct their nests in trees, and (contrary to the manners of Cuckows,) ’ bring up their young, from whence their generic name is derived. 44 RUFOUS COUCAL. (Polophilus rufus. ) Po. corpore rufo; wngue postico interno elongato, recto. Coucal with the body reddish ; and the interior hinder claw long and strait. Le Coucal rufin. Le Vail. Ois, d Afrig. 5.82. pl. 121, Tuis very rare species of Coucal was discovered by Le Vaillant, and is described by him in his work on the birds of Africa. The general colour of the plumage is rufous, all the feathers of the superior parts of the body having a dash or streak of light red or white: the - wings are reddish, with the last feathers barred with fuscous, as are those of the upper part of the | tail, excepting that the colour is more dark on the outer feathers: tail reddish: the two inter- mediate feathers with transverse lines of brown: the outer margins of the other quill-feathers line- ated with the same colour: the beak and feet brownish yellow: eyes light red. The length of the male is about eleven inches 5 : that of the female much less. The recent bird smells strongly of putrid ae from whence it is supposed to nidificate in dead _ trees. Inhabits Africa. RUFOUS COUCAL. | Male. ~ \ \ +h i t ) Te 2 4 ‘ ¥ * teed ) f ; 4 nt ' , ‘ * ’ Thay # vy ‘ ‘ iy i , ree \ > - x e al Pee =e cag bs x ) wars 4 uf ! * ‘ A ‘ a Fi =e / aH ' 4 { 2 . ‘ , \ U iy + . iyo GIGANTIC COUCAL. (Polophilus Gigas.). P. supra rubro-brunneus, pennis medio pallide rufescentibus, trans= versim fusco-fasciatis ; remigibus rufo-fusco et rufo-flavo alter- natim fasciatis; rectricibus rufo-cinerets fusco-fasciatis albido- terminatis ; subtus rufus nigricante fasciatus. Coucal, of a reddish-brown above, with the middle of the fea- thers pale rufous, transversely barred with brown; quills al- ternately barred with rufous-brown and rufous-yellow; tail- feathers rufous-grey, barred with brown, and tipped with white ; beneath rufous barred with blackish. Le Coucal géant. Le Vail, Ois. d’ Afrig. 5. 86, pl. 223.°: Tuts is the largest species of Concal known, being no less than thirty inches in length; the length of the interior hinder claw is two inches. It inhabits Africa: the hinder part of the head and neck, the wing-coverts, and the back are of a brownish-red colour, bordering on olive: the shaft of each feather is pale red, the feather itself being banded with brownish-black. ‘The tail- quills are reddish-ash colour, banded with brown- ish-black, and terminated with whitish: the under part of the body is reddish, banded with sooty- black: the beak is brown: the feet and claws blackish. Its economy is unknown. 46 LATHAMIAN COUCAL. (Polophilus Lathami.) Polophilus Lathami. Leach. Zool. Mis. 1. 127.56. Lathamian Coucal. Leach. Zool. Mis. 1. 127. F. capite, collo, gula, jugulo, pectore, abdomine femoribusque nigris albido-sparsis ; dorso alisque rufescentibus, tectricibus fascis” obscuris, remigibus maculis distinctis migris; cauda nigra lineis transversis subinterruptis, albidis. Coucal, with the head, neck, throat, breast, belly, and dhichs black, sprinkled with whitish; back and wings reddish, wing- coverts obscurely banded ; wing-quills distinctly spotted with black ; tail black, with narrow, transverse, somewhat inter- rupted, whitish bands. : Tue only specimen of this species that has oc- curred is preserved in the British Museum, and is figured and described in the eongaes oe lany. Its native place unknown. | \ jpn ds i \ il i yt we AWW \ wee Ws Ne ‘ ee CN ‘an te or N aN ate eX SOR SY, Pr 2th ZZ TE eS 1 OSS ESR SI,“ 1 : Oe) eee ILATHAMIAN COUCAL. a r ‘Pe eae Ras a LO YX SS QO Sx NMR g UNAS MINS Ss NT ETIANN : Ni \ \ st \ \ VARI rd VARIEGATED COUCAL. (Polophilus variegatus. ) P. rufo, flavo. nigroque variegatus; dorso postice nigro; cauda 3 nigra supra transversim variegato fasciato. Coucal variegated, with rufous, yellow, and black ; hinder part ‘of the back black ; tail black above, with transverse varie « gated bands. Polophilus variegatus, Leach, Zool. Mis. 1.116. 51. Variegated Coucal.. Leach. Zool. Mis. 1. 117. Or this beautiful species we have taken the description given in the Zoological Miscellany by Dr. Leach.° The native place is unknown, but the specimen alluded to is preserved in the British Museum, and is about eighteen inches in length, ~ wile ) 43 PHEASANT COUCAL. (Polophilus Phasianus. ) P. rufo, flavo nigrogue variegatus: capite, collo, gula, jugulo, pectore, dorso abdomineque nigris; cauda nigra ate papas transversis albidis, interruptis, punctatis. Coucal, variegated with yellow, black, and rufous: head, Weak, throat, tiycact: back, and belly, black; tail black ApOYE, with transverse interrupted punctated bands. 2 Cuculus Phasianus. Lath. Gen. Sup. II. 30. 4. Pheasant Cuckow. Lath. Sup. IT. 137. 9. Polophilus Phasianus. Leach. Zool. Misc. 1. Bo 46. Tuts beautiful species is an ei itant of New Holland, and is about seventeen inches in length: the beak, head, neck, and all the under part of a blackish colour: the whole of the back and wings varied with_ rufous, yellow, brown, and black: the tail is long, and barred with the same colour : legs -dusky black: the toes, like the rest of the genus, having the hind claws long. | i is calleg in New Holland the Bhcgsss Cuckow. < WSS PHEASANT COUCAL. ——S oO SEES Z Sa GEE > 3 = ) oS = = & = eS FP = # es = 49 WHITE-BELLIED COUCAL. (Polophilus leucogaster.) P. capite, collo, gula, jugulo pectoreque nigris, scapis albido nota- tis, pennis nigro rufoque alternatim fasczatis ; ventre albido ; dorso flavo, albido nigroque alternatim fasciato ; Semoribus luteis ; cauda nigra transversim albido lineata. Coucal, with the head, neck, throat, and breast black, the shafts spotted with whitish, the feathers alternately banded with black and rufous; belly “whitish; back yellow, alter- nately banded with black and white; thighs luteous; tail black; with transverse white lines. ~ Polophilus leucogaster. Leach. Zool, Mis. 1. 117. 52. White-bellied Coucal. Leach. Zool. Mis. 1. 117. Inuasits New Holland, and is of the same size as P. variegatus, which it very much resembles. ; » Ze : oe SENT aw ‘ f ‘ Ve-Uks PB. I. 4, 50 BENGAL COUCAL. (Polophilus Bengalensis.) P, cauda cunetformi, corpore ferrugineo albo nigroque longitud:- naliter striato, abdomine Suscor -flavescente, remigibus rectrict- busque lateralibus rufis nigro fasciatis. Coucal with a wedge-shaped tail, ferruginous body longitudi- nally striated with black and white, abdomen of a yellowish brown, quills and lateral tail-feathers rufous fasciated with black. Cuculus Bengalensis Cae Se sh Nat. 1.412 —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 214. ‘ tiie sce Cacho Lath. Syn, 2. 525. 19. Brak duel head, neck, we and wing-co- verts, ferruginous, marked with short white lines, bounded by black, and pointing downwards: ab- domen yellowish brown : first and second primary quills plain reddish brown; the others barred with black : tail wedge-shaped, aid very long ; exterior feathers dusky, with brown tips; the rest marked with black bars, mixed with narrow brown ones : legs black. Is found in ais di 5] CHINESE COUCAL. (Polophilus sinensis.) P. splendide niger ; alis rufis nigro fasciatis ; abdomine, femoribus - rectricibusque nigricantibus albo fasciatis. Brilliant black Coucal; wings rufous barred with black ; abdo- men, thighs, and tail-coverts dusky barred with white. Cuculus Aegyptius, 6. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 213. 17. Egyptian Cuckow. Lath. Syn, 2, 523.16.6.—Lath. Sup, 100. 16. B. Tuts species of Coucal, which is described by Dr. Latham, is about nineteen inches and a half: in length: beak one inch and a half long, strong, curved and black; nostrils nearly covered with short feathers : heed and neck dusky brown; the fore part, as far as the breast, marked down the shafts with indistinct pale spots and bars; hind part plain: wing-coverts deep rufous, obscurely barred with dusky: quills with about twenty al- ternate bars of rufous and dusky: tail ten inches long, wedge-shaped, the exterior feathers only half the length of the middle ones, and black barred with oblique dusky white lines: belly, thighs, upper and under tail-coverts, dusky, striated with numerous white lines: legs short; the claw on the inner hind toe straight and about one inch in length. Said to inhabit China. 52 TOLOU COUCAL. (Polophilus Tolu.) P. cauda cuneiformi, corpore virescente-atro, alis castaneis, capite collo dorsoque antice nigricantibus rufo striatis. Coucal with a dark green body; chesnut wings ; head, neck, and anterior part of the back blackish with rufous striz; tail wedge-shaped. . i Cuculus Tolu. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 422,.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 213. 18. . Cuculus madagascariensis. Bris, 4. 138. 16. 13. 2. Coucou de Madagascar. Buff, Hist, Nat. Ois, 6. 369. 17.— Buff. Pl. Enl, 295. 1. Long-heeled Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 524. 17. Le Coucal noiron. Le Vaill. Ois.d’ Afr. 5, 220. Larcer than a Blackbird: length fourteen inches and a quarter: beak brown, an inch and a quarter in length: head, throat, hind part of the neck, and upper part of the back, covered with long, narrow stiff feathers, of a blackish colour, with a reddish white stripe down the shaft; those on the throat, fore part of the neck, and breast, the same, but have only a longitudinal stripe on each side: lower part of’ the breast dirty white ; lower part of the back, belly, sides, rump, thighs, and tail-coverts greenish black: scapulars and wing-coverts chesnut, shafts of each purplish ; quill-feathers chesnut, with brown tips ; tail above eight inches long; blackish green above, and black beneath, wedge-shaped; legs and claws black: the claw of the inner toe above three quarters of an inch long. Found at Madagascar, where it is called Tolow. ee es) SENEGAL COUCAL, (Polophilus senegalensis. ) P. cauda cuneiformi, corpore griseo subtus albo, pileo rectricibusque nigricantibus. Coucal with a tad need tail; body beneath of a greyish white; upper part of the head, neck, and tail- feathers blackish. Cuculus senegalensis, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 169. 6.—Gmel. Syst. Nai.1,412.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 213. 19. Coucou de Senegal. Buff. Pl. Enl. 332. Rufalbin. Buff. 6. 370. Strait-heeled Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 525. 18. Tus bird is about fifteen inches in length: beak black, fifteen lines long: upper part of the head and neck covered with black feathers that are darkest in the middle: prevailing colour above of a rufous brown, beneath dirty white: cheeks, throat, fore part and sides of the neck, dirty white, with the shafts brightest : under parts of the breast dirty white, with obscure transverse stria: rump and upper tail-coverts brown, with deep brown transverse striz: under tail-coverts dirty white, the striz rather obscure: quills rufous, with brownish tips: tail eight inches long, wedge- shaped, and black: legs and claws greyish brown. This species inhabits Senegal, and is rather larger than Cuculus canorus. EGYPTIAN COUCAL. (Polophilus Aigyptius.) P. cauda cuneiformi, corpore viridi-fusco, subtus rufo-albo, capite cervice caudaque viridi-chalybeis, alis rufis. Coucal with a wedge-shaped tail ; body dull green, beneath red- dish white ; head, back of the neck and tail of a beautiful green; wings red. Cuculus gyptius. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.420.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 213. 17. Houhou d’Egypt. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 6, 367. Coucou des Philippines, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 3690.—Buff. Pl, Enl, 824. Egyptian Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2.5225 10s Beax black, an inch and a quarter in length: irides bright red: head and hind part of the neck dull green, with a beautiful gloss, resembling po- lished steel: upper wing-coverts rufous, inclining to green: quills fais terminated with shining green, except the three last, which are entirely of the latter colour, and the two or three preceding them, which are of a mixed colour: back brown, with a green tinge: rump and upper tail-coverts, brown: tail eight inches long, and wedge-shaped, of a beautiful shining green: throat, and under parts of the body, rufous white, palest on the belly : legs blackish ; inner hind claw very long. Buffon mentions a variety which differs merely in having the wings rufous : it may possibly be the male. Common in the Delta in Egypt, where it is ad GREEN COUCAL. | ORS) called by the Arabs, Houhou, from repeating that word several times together ; its principal food is locusts. The male and female are always toge- ther, but it is very rare that more than two are seen at one time; they mostly frequent low bushes near running water, being seldom seen on large trees, or on the ground. LTTE STL GREEN COUCAL. (Polophilus viridis. ) P. viridi-nigricans, alis rubro fuscis, cauda nigra, ungue postice interiore recto subulato. Blackish green Coucal, with reddish brown wings, tail black, hinder interior claw awl-shaped and straight. Cuculus Aigyptius. y. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 213. 17. Agyptian Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 523. 16. 6. Coucou vert d’Antigue. Son. Voy. 121. 80. Or this species, which is described by Sonnerat, the head, neck, breast, and belly are of a very dull green: wings of a deep red brown: the feathers in general hard and stiff; the webs loose, and each of the beards furnished with shorter ones: irides black: eyelids furnished with hairs like eyelashes: legs black; the inner hind claw more slender than the rest, very long and straight: tail long and black: beak likewise black: this species is very like P. Agyptius, but it is a native of Antigua. Qn QD BLUE COUCAL. (Polophilus cceruleus.), P. coeruleo-viridis violaceogue versicolor; rostro re atris ; ungue interiore postico breviore. Coucal of blue green colour changing to ets beak and legs black: interior hinder claw shorter than is usual in this genus, ae : Le Coua tait-sou. Le Vail. Ois. d? Afrig. 5. 69. pl. 218. Le tait-sou. Buff. Hist. Nat. d’Ois. 6. 391. 18. Cuculus ceeruleus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 171. 15.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. ¥. 418.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 217. 33. Cuculus madagascariensis ceeruleus. Briss, 4. 156. 26. 13. 1, Blue cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 531. 29. . Coucou bleu de Madagascar. Buff. Pl. Enl. 295. 2 Tuts Coucal differs from all the other species in having its hinder inner claw comparatively short. Its length is about fourteen inches; the whole plumage is of a beautiful blue green, changing in certain lights to violet ; legs and claws black ; eyes reddish. The female is somewhat smaller than the male, and the colours are less vivid. This bird inhabits the forests of Caffraria and Madagascar, perching on the tops of large trees, and uttering the note courrrrrrr-courrrrrr often tepeated. It feeds principally on fruit. & BLACK COUCAL. ale. oF BLACK COUCAL. (Polophilus Maurus. ) P. corpore toto atro-nigro (femine ventre nigro) ; ungue postico interno longissimo Aeanin so. Coucal with the whole body black (belly of the female sooty black) ; interior hinder claw very long and flexuous. Le Coucal Negre. Le Vail. Ois. Afrig. 5. 84. tab. 222. LE VAILLANT discovered this very curious spe- cies of Coucal in Caffraria; it frequents deep fo- rests, and perches on the lower branches of trees, often repeating in a plaintive tone the word cooo- ro. ‘The sexes are generally found together. The length of the male is about eleven inches, ‘that of the female somewhat less. The eyes are deep chesnut. The food of this species is supposed to consist principally of insects, as Le Vaillant found frag- ments of thosé animals in the stomach. The black Coucal builds its nest in hollow trees ; the female lays four eggs of a chalky: white, on which the male and female sit alternately. | This bird inhabits. Caffraria. 58 PHAENICOPH AUS. MALKOBA. Generic Character. Rostrum valde robustum, Beak very strong, and slightly subincurvatum. ]| incurved. _ : Pedes simplices: digitis duo- || Feet simple ; two toes point- bus anticis, duobus posticis, | ing forwards, and two back- externo longiore. wards, the outward toe longest. : Caput circa oculos denuda- | Head naked round the eyes, tum, papillatum. | and warted. | "Tus genus is readily distinguished from Cu- culus by the naked and papillated space that sur- rounds the eyes, and from Polophilus by the structure of the hinder toes. The head is somewhat square and very thick ; the wings rather short, and the tail remarkably long. RED-HEADED MALKOHA. (Phenicopheus Piaevecetalte) P. cauda cuneiformi longissima, corpore Nigro ; pectore abdomi- neque albis, pileo, genisque coccinets. Malkoha with a very long wedge-shaped tail, black body, breast and abdomen white, top of the head and cheeks crimson. Cuculus pyrrhocephalus. Gmed. Syst. Nat. 1. 417.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 222. 47. | Red-headed Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 544. 44. Tue red-headed Malkoha is sixteen inches long : beak of a greenish yellow, strong and arched: crown and part of the cheeks bright crimson, sur- rounded by a band of white: hind part of the head and neck: black, marked with small white spots: fore part of the neck entirely black: back and wings black: tail very long, unequal, the lower part black; ends white: breast and belly white: legs pale blue. This species lives on fruits, and is found at Cey- lon, where it is called Malkoha. 60 WHITE-BELLIED MALKOHA. (Phenicophzus leucogaster. ) ‘P. viridi-niger; ventre rectricibusque margine albis; gula jugu- logue opaco-viridibus ; capite circa oculos aurantio. Malkoha of a greenish black colour; with the belly and tail- feathers margined with white ; throat and Jognlum dull green ; head round the eyes orange. Le Malkoha. Le Vail. Ois. d’ Afrig. 5. 90. pl. 224. Matrxoua leucogaster iahabnes Africa ; its length is about nine inches; the upper parts are greenish black, but the green becomes gradually more bril- liant on the back, and spreads over the coverts of the wings and tail: the wing quills are black, bor- dered with black green, and are sometimes whitish in their interior edges: the feathers of the neck and throat are of an uniform dull green colour ; the under part of the tail, with the feathanat the tibize, are dirty white; and the naked space sur- rounding the eyes is orange-coloured. q Magnificent specimens of this bird are said to be preserved in the collections in Paris and Am. sterdam. | Hi THO MU > ae G ky 2 TRICOLOURED MALKOHA. 61 TRICOLOURED MALKOHA. (Phzenicophzus tricolor.) P. obscuro-viridis, nitens; capite cinerascente; jugulo, pectore, ventre caudaque subtus castaneis. Malkoha shining obscure green ; head cinereous ; throat, breast, belly, and under parts of the tail chesnut. Le Malkoha rouverdin. Le Vail. Ois. d’ Afriq. 5. 92. pl. 225. We have introduced this species of Malkoha on the authority of Monsieur Le Vaillant, who de- scribed and figured it from the cabinet of M. Tem- minck of Amsterdam. It is’a native of Africa, and may be sufficiently distinguished by the spe- cific character from the two other species. The colour of the naked part surrounding the eyes is eg red. OPETHUS. TOURACO. Generic Character. — Rostrum, breve, supra con- || Beak short, convex above, vexum,, paulo arcuatum, rather bent, compressed’ lateratim compressum, a/|| laterally, and denticulated medio ad apicem denticu- from the middle to the latum. fips. Nares plumulis sericeis tec- || Nostrils covered with short Cea silky feathers. Pedes simplices, digitis duo- || Feet simple, with two toes bus anticis, duobus posticis. || © before, and two behind. Tuere is but one species of this genus known, which is a native of Africa, and one of the most beautiful of the birds that are found in that quar- ter of the globe. It feeds on fruits, is easily tamed; and is said to be capable of turning its exterior hinder toe either backwards or for- wards. , OOK ag SF, rs el ph i GA = 4 SW NG Pcs says | | AFRICAN TOURACO. 4 63 AFRICAN TOURACO. (Opzthus Africanus. ) Op. capite cristato, corpore viridi-cerulescente, remigibus san- guineis. Touraco with a crested head, a greenish-blue body, and red _ quill-feathers. Cuculus Perra. Lin. Syst, Nat. 1. 171. 17.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.419.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 222. 40. Cuculus guineensis cristatus viridis. Briss. 4, 152. 24. Le Touraco de Guinée. Buff. Pl. Enl. 601. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 6.300. 15. ie Touraco. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2.545. 46. Tue Touraco is thus described: beak shortish; the upper mandible bent; colour reddish-brown ; nostrils covered with ‘short recumbent feathers : irides hazel-brown: eyelids surrounded with red caruncles: eye itself of a fiery colour: the head, throat, neck, upper part of the back, breast, part of the belly and the sides are covered with soft silky feathers of a fine deep green : the upper lesser wing-coverts the same: the feathers on the crown lengthened into a crest, which the bird can erect at pleasure; the tip of this crest is whitish: on each side of the head is a black stripe, broadest in the middle, arising at the corners of the mouth, and passing through the eyes to the back of the. head; above and beneath this is a narrow line © of white: the lower part of the back, rump, upper tail-coverts, scapulars, and greater wing- coverts are blueish-purple: lower part of the belly, sides, thighs, and under tail-coverts, blackish: 64, AFRICAN TOURACO. greater quills crimson, with the outer edge and tip margined with black: tail blueish purple legs and claws cinereous. This bird is subject to very great variety, so much so, that Buffon imagined there were three species confounded with it, but the characters | which he has given are not sufficient to warrant their being considered distinct ; from whence we are only inclined to notice them as varieties. One of them is said by him to be a native of Abyssinia, and to have a blackish crest, which hangs behind like a lock ; with a brownish tinge on the lower part of its back and tail: another has an upright crest of bright green, with occasionally a mixture of white in it, and margined with white; is found at the Cape of Good Hope: the third ‘acumen 1s merely the young bird. : This latter variety Buffon had in his possession | alive for some time, and he was assured that its food was rice, but upon trial it would not touch a grain; and in consequence of not having any _thing else offered it, it was on the point of dying, as it had nothing for two or three days but a little sugar and water that was in the cage; but one day seeing some raisins brought upon the table, it shewed a very strong disposition to eat, and some ‘corn was given to it, which it swallowed greedily ; it was equally eager for apples, but would scarcely touch oranges; from the above statements it would appear that fruits are its natural food, and — the bird has been kept for many months upon that food. AFRICAN TOURACO. ; 65 The progressive motion of this bird is not by walking but hopping; it is very lively, and is always in motion, making continually a low and hoarse cry similar to the words crahu, crahu: but from time to time it sends out another sharp and strong cry, C0, C0, Co, Co, CO, co, the first accents of which are grave, the others repeated quick and with a loud piercing voice: which latter cry it makes gently to itself when hungry, but very loud when excited, animated, or followed. Le Vaillant observes, that there are great num- bers of Touracos in the country of Kottniquas, which are very difficult to shoot, perching only at the extremities of the highest branches of trees, out of gunshot, and rarely suffering any one to come near enough: but are easily caught alive by snares baited with such fruits as are in season; he likewise says they are very fine for eating. ry Vv. EX. P. Ie CUCULUS. CUCKOW. ~ Generic Character. Aosirum teretiusculum, gra- || Beak straight, slender , slightly cile, subincurvatum. incurved. Nares prominulz., Nostrils prominent, margined. Pedes simplices*, digitis du- || Feet simple, with two toes obus anticis, duobus pos- before and two behind, the ticis, externo longiore ; u7- external toes longest: nazés gues equales, equal. Cuckxow S, or Cuckoos, feed on larva or ca- terpillars as well as perfect insects. They are re- markable for neglecting their young, the female always depositing her eggs singly in the nests of smaller birds. As soon as the Cuckow is hatched, it begins to throw the other young birds from the nest, which it accomplishes by gently elevating them one by one to the brink of the nest, and ~ jerking them over. ‘The foster parents continue to feed the young Cuckow for some time after it leaves the nest, notwithstanding which it never * The feet have generally been considered as scansorious, or formed for climbing ; but, as Dr. Leach observes, the term has been misapplied to this kind of feet, which can be considered merely as simple feet, having two toes before and two behind. The Par- rot genus (Psittacus ) affords a good example of true scansorious Jeet, (pedes scansorit). | CUCKOW. 67 acquires their notes; whereas, all those birds who possess the faculty of mimickry, or of learning tunes, if hatched under another species. of bird, invariably gain their peculiar song, although it is generally combined with their natural notes, af- fording an admirable example in proof of the ex- istence of innate propensities. 68 COMMON CUCKOW. (Cuculus canorus. ) C. capite, gula, collo, juguto cinereis ; pectore ventreque albidus JSusco transversim striatis; dorso, alisque nigricantibus; rec- tricibus nigricantibus externe, intermediisque medio albido- maculatis. a ie Cuckow, with the head, throat, neck, and jugulum cinereous ; breast and belly whitish, transversely striated with fuscous; back and wings blackish; tail-feathers blackish, externally spotted with whitish, the intermediate quills, with their mid- dle spotted with the same colour. Cuculus canorus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 168. fete Suec. 96.— Ginel. Syst. Nat. 1. 409.—Lath. Ind. Om. 1. 207. 1.—Briss. 4,105. 1.—Raii. Syn. 23.—Will. 6. 10. 27.—Ger. Orn. 1. 80. 67. 69.—Jenner in Phil. Trans. 78. 219.—Shaw’s Zool. Lect. 1. €0. le Le Coucou vulgaire d’Europe. Ss Vall, Ois. pit 5. 26. 202. male. 203. young. Coucou. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. oi pg Pi. Enl. 811. Common Cuckow. Pen. Br. Zool. 1. 82. 36.—Arct. Zool. 2. 266. A.— Ald. 1. 8.— Lewis Br. os 2, 42.—JId. ¢t. 8. fi 1. (Ovum).—Lath. Syn. 2. 509. f—Lath. Sup. 98.—Don. Br. 2. 41.—Pult. Cat. Dorset. 5.—Lath. Syn. Sup. Hl. 133.— Bewick, Br. Birds, 1. 108. Beax black, two-thirds of an inch long, and a little bent: yellowish at the base of the under mandible: inside of the mouth red: irides yel- low: head and whole upper part of the bird dark ash-colour, darkest on the head: throat, under side of the neck, and upper part of the breast, pale ash, the latter in some inclining to rufous-brown: lower part of the breast and belly white, marked IG Gi KUROPEAN CUCKOW. COMMON CUCKOW. — 69 with transverse undulated black lines: vent buff, marked with a few dusky spots: wings very long, reaching within an inch and a half of the end of the tail: quill-feathers dusky, the inner webs bar- red with oval white spots: tail wedge-shaped, consisting of ten feathers of unequal length, the two middle ones black, dashed with ash colour, and tipped with white ; the rest are black, marked with white spots on each side the shaft: legs short and yellow. | Female rather less, differing in the neck and breast, being of a tawnyish-brown, barred with dusky : wing-coverts marked with light ferruginous spots; markings on the tail and quills like the male, excepting that the edges of the spots incline to reddish-brown. ‘The young Cuckow differs very much from the adult ; we shall take the liberty of extracting the description from Montagu’s Supplement to his Ornithological Dictionary: “ Irides greyish: the whole upper part of the plumage is a mixture of dusky-black and ferruginous, in transverse bars, except the forehead, and a patch on the back of the head, which is white; and the tips of the scapulars are pale: the feathers of the whole under parts are sullied white, with distant sullied bars of dusky-black; in general each feather possesses two or three bars: the sides of the neck and breast tinged with rufous: the lateral feathers of the tail, and inner webs of the quills, more or less barred with white: the coverts of the tail are un- usually long, dashed with cinereous, and slightly tipped with white.” ae 70 COMMON CUCKOW. ‘Tenet fourteen inches : weight about five ounces. : Le Coucou roux of Brisson is merely a variety of the young bird, having the upper parts varied. with rufous, where the other is white. This bird appears in our country early in the spring, and makes the shortest stay with us of any bird of passage ; generally appearing in April, (although it is sometimes seen the latter end of March), and remaining till the beginning of July. Mr. Pennant * gives two instances of its being heard in February; one in 1769 on the fourth of that month; the other in 1771 in the latter end of the same; but were heard no more afterwards, being probably killed or rendered torpid by the cold. The Cuckow is silent for some time after his arrival; and his pleasant, though uniform note, is a call to love, and used only by the male, who generally sits perched on some dead bough of a tree, repeating his song, which he loses as soon as the breeding season is over, which is about the end of June. The note of the Cuckow is in all ome used in a reproachful sense. Shakspeare says it is: as a note of fear, Unpleasing to the married ear +.” And again, ‘« The plain song Cuckoo grey, Whose note full many a man doth mark, And dares not answer nay {.” * Brit, Zool. 1. p. 233. + Love’s Labour’s lost. + Midsummer Night’s Dream, COMMON CUCKOW. 71 Dr. Latham mentions having twice heard the Cuckow call in the night; the same circumstance happened again to him on the 10th May, 1783, between eleven and twelve at night, but he ob- served it was bright moonlight each time. On the natural history of this singular bird, we have a very curious paper in the Philosophical Transactions for 1788, part 2, article 14, by Dr. Jenner. ‘* The first appearance of Cuckows in this country is about the 17th of April. The song of the male, which is well known, soon proclaims its arrival. The song of the female (if the peculiar notes of which it is composed may be so called) is widely different, and has been so little attended to, that, perhaps, few are acquainted with it: the cry of the Dab-chick bears some resemblance to it. Unlike the generality of birds, Cuckows do not pair. When a female appears on the wing, she is often attended by two or three males, who seem to be earnestly contending for her favours. From the time of her appearance till the middle of summer, the nests of the birds selected to re- ceive her eggs are to be found in great abundance; but, like the other migrating birds, she does not begin to lay till some weeks after her arrival. “It is on all hands.allowed that the Cuckow does not hatch her own eggs; for which different reasons have been given, as will be afterwards noticed. The Hedge-sparrow, the Water-wagtail, the Titlark, the Redbreast, the Yellow-hammer, the Green-linnet, or the Whinchat, is generally 72 COMMON CUCKOW. the nurse of the young Cuckow*. It may be supposed that the female Cuckow lays her eggs in the absence of the bird in whose nest she in- tends to deposit it: as it has been known that on sight of one of these, a Redbreast and its mate jointly attacked her on approaching the nest, putting her to flight; and so effectually drove her away, that she did not dare to return. Among the birds above-mentioned, it generally selects the three first, but shews a much greater partiality to the Hedge-sparrow. This last commonly takes up four or five days in laying her eggs. During this time (generally after she has laid one or two) the Cuckow contrives to deposit her egg among the rest, leaving the future care of it entirely to the Hedge-sparrow. This intrusion often occa-. sions some discomposure, for the, old Hedge-spar- row, whilst she is sitting, not unfrequently throws out some of her own eggs, and sometimes injures them in such a way that they become addle; so that it more frequently happens that only two or three Hedge-sparrows eggs are hatched with the Cuckow’s than otherwise. But whether this be the case or not, she sits the same length of time as if no foreign egg had been introduced, the Cuckow’s ess requiring no longer incubation than her own.’ “¢ When the Hedge-sparrow has sat hott usual time, and disengaged the young Cuckow, and * Buffon enumerates at least twenty sorts of nests in which they have been known to deposit their eggs. COMMON CUCKOW. vo some of her own offspring from the shell, her own young ones, and such of her eggs that remain unhatched, are soon turned out, the young Cuckow remaining possessor of the nest, and sole object of her future care. The young birds are not previously killed, nor are the eggs demolished, but all are left to perish together, either entan- gled about the bush which contains the nest, or lying on the ground under it.’ « The early fate of the young Hedge-sparrows is a circumstance that has been noticed by others, but attributed to wrong causes. } Bes -, i \s fs in Ee ai » Aes wes ANY Ps aya i i ( ‘ wi eae DE bee ea £ o a = uy fi ity el eae en Ba vp ea ey + Sc ' 4 * ak 4 4 : ‘ a Matias cee dininiay 0 aR GENERAL ZOOLOGY OF SYSTEMATIC NATURAL HISTORY commented by the lite GEORGE SHAW,M.D.F. BOS. &c. WITH PLATES from the first Authorities and most select specimens + canon auras anaes ME’ GRIFFITHS. ¥ Wid by PY iN | | | Vou.IX.Part iL. AVES. by J.F Stephens] ][/F.L.S. h, Ne Frinted for GWilkie, J.Walker, J. Stockdale, J. & A.Arch, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, E. Jeffery, Sherwood, Neeley, & Jones, Law & Whittaker , Baldwin,Cradock & Joy, R.Scholey, J. Black, W.Lowe, J.Booth, Gale & Fenner, S.Bagster, J.Robinson, J.Rodwell, Walker & Edwards,and Harper & C? GENERAL ZOOLOGY. VOLUME IX.—PART II. BY JAMES FRANCIS STEPHENS, F.L.S. BIRDS. LONDON: PRINTED FOR G. WILKIE; J. WALKER; J. STOCKDALE; J, AND - A, ARCH; LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN; E. JEFFERY; SHERWOOD, NEELEY, AND JONES; LAW AND WHITTAKER; BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY; R. SCHOLEY; J. BLACK; W. LOWE; J. BOOTH; GALE AND FENNER ; $8. BAGSTER; J. ROBINSON; J, RODWELL; WALKER AND EDWARDS; AND HARPER AND CO. 1816, BERDS. ORDER PASSERES. Sane See CRUCIROSTRA. CROSSBILL. Generic Character. Rostrumcrassum, forficatum; : Beak thick, and forked; man- mandibule inversé adunce. | dibles, when at rest, in- versely curved. Nares parve, rotundate, ad | Nostri/s small, rounded, si- basin rostri. tuated at the base of the beak. Lingua integra. Tongue intire. Tue singular structure of the beak of the birds belonging to this genus was considered as a mere lusus nature by Buffon, calculated to render them much less essential service than any other known kind of beak: but notwithstanding the ap- parently awkward and useless shape, it has been © IX: P.. 11. 16 230 CROSSBILL. found to be most admirably adapted to their particular habits. The two mandibles do not lie straight, but cross each other in a similar manner to a pair of scissars: they are by this means enabled to obtain their food with the greatest fa- cility. ‘They live mostly on the seeds of the cones of the fir; in procuring which, they exhibit a won- derful specimen of instinct, as they fix themselves across the cone, then bring the points of their beak immediately over each other, and insinuate them between the scales, when, forcing them la- terally, the scales open; and then again bringing the points in contact, pick out the seed as easily as any other bird would take up hemp seed. ‘The degree of lateral force which they are capable of exerting is very surprising, and they are very fond of exercising it for mere amusement, which, in a tame state, renders them rather mischievous, as we are informed by Dr. Townson, who kept se- -veral of these birds in his study, that they used to amuse themselves by coming to his table and taking off pencils, boxes, and the like, tearing them to pieces instantly, by pecking a small hole, and inserting their beaks in the same way they would when procuring food. ‘These birds are able to pick up the smallest seeds, notwithstanding the shape of the beak. | SMsagp- ys Bs Hy Fi \ SURO (YY 54 i . COMMON GROSBEAK. 231 COMMON CROSSBILL. (Crucirostra vulgaris. ) C. corpore versicolore, remigibus rectricibusque fuscts, oris exte- rioribus viridi olivaceis, cauda furcata, Crossbill with a variable red body ; quills and tail-feathers brown; beak externally olive-green ; tail forked. Loxia curvirostra. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 299. 1.—Lin. Faun. Suec. | 224.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 843.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. oH, 1 Loxia. Rai. Syn. 86, A.—Briss. 3. 329. 1.17. f. 3 "Le Bec croisé. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 3, 449. 27. 8 BF Pi. Enl, 218. Crossbill. Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 115. 49.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 208. Edwards. 303.—Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 106. 1.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1... 130. —Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Don. Brit. Birds. 2. 39. . Tue male of this bird varies from a beautiful red to orange colour on the head, neck, breast, back, and rump: the wing-coverts rufous brown: quills and tail dusky: vent nearly white: under. tail- coverts dusky spotted: tail forked: legs short: claws strong: female in general of a dull olive- green on those parts that are red in the male: back varied with dusky; wings and tail similar to the male, but not so dark: the mandibles are not always crossed on one side. This species is a regular inhabitant of Sweden, Germany, and many other parts of Europe, where it breeds ; and migrates occasionally in vast flocks into the other parts: it is never known to breed in this country, but sometimes appears in immense numbers, fixing on those spots that abound with i... 932 COMMON CROSSBILL- firs, for the sake of the seeds, which are its natural food : it is said to do a deal of mischief to orchards by splitting the apples to get at the seeds; and it is so intent when feeding on the cones of the firs (which it holds in its claws like a parrot), that a noose may be put over its head, without its at- tempting to fly away: it is discovered by the twit- tering noise it makes while feeding. In North America and Greenland this bird is very common, and is said to build its nést in the highest parts of the firs, making use of the resin- ous matter that exudes from them for fixing it to the trees; it breeds in January or February, and the young are ready to fly by March. Mr. Pennant mentions receiving a large variety out of Shropshire, which had the beak remarkably thick and short, more curvated and blunt than usual. It is called the German Parrot by many, from its singular mode of scrambling about its cage, and the beauty of its colours: they are fed by the German bird-catchers with poppy and other. small seeds, which they eat with the greatest avidity. | 233 WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. (Crucirostra leucoptera.) C. corpore croceo-coccineo, alis nigris fusciis duabus albis, remigi- bus secundariis apice albis, cauda nigra. Crossbill with a dull crimson body; wings black, with two white fascia ; secondary quills white at the tips; tail black. . Loxia leucoptera, Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 844. Loxia falcirostra. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 371.2. ~ White-winged Crossbill. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 108. 2.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 148. Pen. Arct. Zool, 2. 208. Tue White-winged Crossbill is rather less than a Goldfinch; measuring only five inches and three quarters in length: beak ef a dusky horn-colour : nostrils covered with reflected bristles of a pale buff-colour: at the base of the beak, from eye to eye, is a brown streak: head, neck, back, and under parts whitish, the feathers deeply margined with crimson ; which gives the birds the appearance of being speckled: wings black with two white bars, one of which passes obliquely backwards, and the other reaches only half way across the wing: se- _ condary quills tipped with white : rump pale crim- son: vent dirty white: legs brown: tail black. Common at Hudson's Bay and New York; and is called by the name of Asitchouw Achashish, at the former place: has been said to have been shot in England, but most likely was only an accidental variety of the common Crossbill, or one escaped from a cage, as North American birds rarely or even never occur in Europe: it is said to appear 234 - WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. at Hudson’s Bay in March, and to build its nest of mud and feathers in May, about half way up a pine tree, laying five white eggs, speckled with yellow: the young fly about the middle of June, and remain till the end of November, when both old and young disappear, and are supposed to retire inward. 235 LOXIA. GROSBEAK. Generic Character. Rostrum validum, crassum, || Beak strong, thick, and ad basin-rotundatum: man- || rounded at the base ;. with dibula superiore crenata the upper mandible cre- aut integra; inferiore recta, || _ nated or intire; and the apice obtusa. lower one straight and ob- ) tuse. _ Nares parve, rotundate, in Nostrils small, rounded, and basi rostri. situated at the base of the beak. Lingua integra. || Tongue intire. Tue birds of this genus have a strong and thick beak, by means of which they are enabled to break the hardest stones of fruit with the greatest facility: they are generally a shy and solitary race, chiefly residing at a distance from the abodes of man: very few of them have much beauty in their songs. ‘Their feet have three toes before and one behind; and their food generally consists of fruits and seeds: we have but five spe- cies of the genus indigenous. _ 236 HAWFINCH GROSBEAK. (Loxia Coccothraustes.) L. cinereo-castanea, linea alarum alba, remigibus mediis apice rhombers, rectricibus latere baseos nigris. Grosbeak of a cinereous chesnut-colour, with a white line on the wings; middle quill-feathers rhomboid at the tip ; lateral. tail-feathers at the base black. ‘ Loxia Coccothraustes. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1, 209.—. in awn. Suec. 222.—Ameen. Acad. 4. 594. 122. .—Gimel: Syst. Nat. A. 844.—Briss. 3. 219. 1.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 372. 4. 2 Le Gros-bec, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 444. 27. f.1.—Buff. Pi. Enl. 99. male.—100. female. Grosbeak. Pen. Brit. Zool. 113.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 354. C. Edwards. 188.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 67.—Lath..Gen. Syn. 3. 103. 4.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 148.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. .1. 133.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Don. Brit. Be 2.43. WeIcuHT about two ounces: beak cae an inch long, and one half thick at the base, very. strong, and pinkish when alive, but fades after death to a pale horn-colour: irides grey: crown and cheeks bay-coloured: between the beak and eye, and round the nostrils, black: chin and throat the same: hind part of the neck ash-coloured: back and scapulars chesnut-brown : Trump and upper tail-coverts light brown, inclining to ash-colour : breast light brown, tinged with blossom-colour : quills dusky black; the points from the fourth to the fifteenth or detomch truncated, and some of them bent down, which gives the bird a curious appearance: primary quills have each of them a spot of white about the middle of the inner web: fii . “‘ HAWFINCH GROSBEAK. HAWFINCH GROSBEAK. 937 some of the secondaries brownish: tail black; the inner webs of all but the two middle feathers half white from the points: coverts very long, reach- ing nearly the whole length of the tail: legs pale brown: female is said to want the black spot on the chin; but that is not to be depended on, as both sexes have been found with that mark; however, the female is generally dullest in colour. According to Dr. Latham, this species varies very much: he says, that the top of the head in some is whitish, surrounded with rufous, in others wholly black: that the band on the wings in some is al- most white, in others grey, and sometimes wholly wanting, and that specimens. have been seen en- tirely black. This bird is common.in Italy, Germany, Swe- den, and the southern parts of Russia: it is like- wise found in France and England, but does not breed in the latter place: it is said to build its nest about twelve feet from the ground: it is composed of small dry fibres, intermixed with liverwort, and. lined with finer materials: the eggs are of a blueish green, spotted with olive-brown, with a few irregular black markings. From the great strength of the beak of this bird, it is enabled to crack the stones of haws, and other fruits, with the same facility that smaller birds do hemp seed: it usually appears in this country in the autumn, and continues with us till April, but is very scarce, as rarely more than four or five are seen together: it is said to sing very pleasantly in low plaintive notes, even in the win- 238 | PINE. GROSBEAK. . ter, when the weather has been warm. | It is some- times called Cherry-finch, from its feeding on that. fruit. oe . PINE GROSBEAK. (Loxia Bauclesior,) _ L. sordide roseo fusco griseoque varia, linea alarum duplici alba, rectrictbus totis mgricantibus. Duli rosy Grosbeak, varied with brown and grey, witha ditiile ! ~ white line on the wings ; tail-feathers entirely black. Loxia Enucleator.: Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.-209. 3. Lin. Faun. Suec. 223.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 845:—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 372. 5. Coccothraustes canadensis,—Bris. 3. 250.15.t.12.f3. Le Dur-bec, ou Gros-bec de Canada. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 3. 457.—Buff. Pl. Enl, 135. 1. : Greatest Bulfinch, Edwards. 123. male. 124.female: -_ Pine Grosbeak. Pen. Brit. Zool. 114. 49. 2.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 209.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 68.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 7.111. 5.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 148.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Don. Brit. Birds. 1. 17.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1.135. Tue Pine ‘Grosbeak is rather longer than the Hawfinch; being almost nine inches in length: beak very stout at the base, hooked at the tip, and dusky: head, neck, breast, and rump, TOse-— coloured crimson ;. back, and lesser wing-coverts, black ; each Rahien edged with reddieh brown ; greater wing-coverts tipped with white, Snebine two bars of that colour on the wing: quills black, with pale edges ; secondaries the same, but edged ‘with white : belly and vent straw-coloured: tail similar in markings to the quills, and somewhat QD “nn nalts 7] i) Se My saatt GROSBEAK. PINE PINE GROSBEAK. — ) 239 forked :_legs brown: female brown, tinged with green; in some yellowish: young bird plain dull blue. : a This bird is only found in the northern parts of this kingdom, inhabiting the pine forests of Scot- land, feeding on the seeds of those trees like the common Crossbill. It is supposed to breed there, as Mr. Pennant observed them flying about in the beginning of August, near Invercauld, in Aber- deenshire. Is also found in the pine forests of Siberia, Lapland, and the northern parts of Russia; in the autumn is very common about St. Peters- burgh, where it is taken for the use of the table. In Hudson’s Bay this bird is observed to feed on the buds of the willow, and to frequent the groves of firs and junipers, making its nest about May with sticks, lined with feathers, at a little distance fromthe ground, laying four white eggs; the young are hatched the beginning of June: it is" called Wuscunithow at the latter place. 240) GRENADIER GROSBEAK. (Loxia an L. sanguinea, facie pectoreque ote is, alts i San nigrican- tibus. Blood-coloured Grosbeak, with the face and breast black; wings and tail-feathers blackish. Loxia Orix. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 863. —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 376. 17.—Lin. Mant. 527. Emberiza Orix. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 300.7. Cardinalis Capitis Bone Spei. Bris. 3. 114. 21. t. 6.f. 3. Cardinal du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff? Hist. Nat. Otis. 3. 496.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 6. f.2. male. 134. f. 1. female. Le rouge noire. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 46. Gros-bec de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl. 300. f. 2. Grenadier Grosbeak. Edwards. 178.—Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 120. I —Lath. Syn. Sup. Size of the Madacsiear Grosbedies forehead, ‘sides of the head, chin, breast and belly black : wings brown, with pale edges: rest of the body of a most beautiful red: lower part of the thighs brown: legs pale. This bird varies very. much, and is sometimes found with the tail of the same colour as the wings, and the kneés without the brown mark: the black mark on the chin is often wanting, and the tail-coverts are occasionally so long, that the tail itself is quite hid. This species is gregarious, and buildaits nest in large societies, among the reeds, near the rivers — and ponds in the vicinity of the Cape of Good - Hope and St. Helena: the appearance of these birds among the reeds 1s said to have a most beau- ———S—SauanmLF SSS” ——<——SSS=—” GRENADIER GROSBEAR. 44 ——ss . MEXICAN GROSBEAK. QAT tiful effect, from the brilliancy of their colours: they are said to devour the blossoms of the wheat, and afterwards the corn. MEXICAN GROSBEAK. ae ae oT) L. rubra, alis caudaque nigris, tinctura rufescente. Red Grosbeak with the wings and tail black, with a red tinge. Loxia mexicana. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 300. 7.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 848.—Briss. 3. 256. 18.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 377. 18. Mexican Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.121. 17. RaTHER larger than the Hawfinch : length about seven inches: prevailing colour of the plumage blood-red: quills and tail blackish; the coverts of the latter with a red tinge: wings reaching to the middle of the tail. Found at Mexico. ~T V. IX P. If | 1 Fy) ae 242 BLACK-CRESTED GROSBEAK. (Loxia coronata.) L. cristata, supra coccinea subtus a macula colli inferioris eristaque nigris. Crested Grosbeak, above crimson, ‘Heaea blue, with a spot on the lower part of the neck, and crest black. Loxia coronata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 859.—Lath. Ind. Orn. [eSOh. 71, . Pyrrhula Americana cristata. Briss. 3.327. 10. La Huppe noire. Buff. Hist. Nat. Cis. 4. 397. Black-crested Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 150. 67. Tus bird is larger than the Bullfinch: length almost six inches: beak half an inch long, and white: head with a black crest: upper parts of. the body, including the wings and fail, rich scar- let: under parts blue: neck with a black spot on the middle of the fore-part. Inhabits America. HMMA) at) H \ f it \ NY eS WN AW WAG \ ON SN < WO BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK. 243 \ BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK. (Loxia erythromelas. ) L. rubra, remigibus rectricibusque obscurioribus, capite atro. Red Grosbeak, with the quills and tail-feathers more obscure, and head black. Loxiaerythromelas. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 859.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 391. 70. Black-headed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 150. 66. t. 43. NiveE inches in length: beak black at the tip, and white at the base; with a notch on the edge of the under mandible, corresponding to a process ‘on the upper one: head and throat black: pre- vailing colour of the plumage dull crimson, in- clining to pink on the under parts: quills dusky red: tail the same, and rounded, with the feathers pointed at the tips: legs brown. The female with the head and throat black: upper parts of the _body greenish orange, with a few patches of red: sides of the neck deep orange-red: lower parts orange-yellow: quills olive-green; some of them rufous on the outer edges. Inhabits Cayenne. 244 MADAGASCAR GROSBEAK. (Loxia madagascariensis.) L. rubra, dorso nigricante-maculato, rostro albo. Red Grosbeak with the back spoued with blackish, and beak white. ; Loxia madagascariensis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.300. 6.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 847.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 376. 16. Cardinalis madagascariensis. Briss. 3. 112. 20. t. 6.f. 2. Le Foudis. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ors. 3.495. Moineau de Madagascar. Buff. Pl. Enl. 134.f. 2. Madagascar Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 119. 15.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 150. Tuts beautiful species is the size of a House Sparrow: length above five inches: beak white: head, neck, back, breast, and belly, bright crim- son: quills and tail brown, margined with olive- green: legs grey-brown: young bird olive. Is known at Madagascar by the name of Foudi lahé mene, and in India, by that of the Common Totty. 24.5 CAUCASIAN GROSBEAK. (Loxia rubicilla. ) L. coccinea albo maculata, abdomine crissoque roseis, tectricibus alarum majoribus fuscis, cauda nigra. Crimson Grosbeak, spotted with white; abdomen and vent rosy; greater wing-coverts brown ; tail black. ; Loxia rubicilla, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 846.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 372. 6. Caucasian Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 112.6. Tue upper mandible of the beak of this bird is brown, the under whitish : eyes brown: upper part of the head and body, the fore-part of the neck and breast, deep crimson, varied with triangular white spots: greater wing-coverts and quills brown, edged with rose-colour: belly and vent of the latter co- lour, undulated with whitish: thighs hoary: un- der tail-coverts rosy brown : tail glossy black, three inches and a half in length, the outer feathers with whitish margins, the rest rose-coloured: legs and claws black: female not quite so bright. Found about the gravelly hollows, in the coldest parts of the Caucasian mountains, flying in large _ flocks, and living on the berries of the sea buck- thorn: it has a note similar to the Bullfinch. 24.6 SIBERIAN GROSBEAK. (Loxia sibirica.) L, coccinea fusco maculata, subtus pallide coccinea, capistro pur= pureo, alis albo nigroque fasciatis, rectricibus nigris, extima alba. Scarlet Grosbeak with brown spots, beneath paler; capistrum purple; wings banded with black and white ; tail- feathers black ; the outer ones white. Loxia sibirica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 849.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 378. 23.—Pall. It. 2. 711. 24. : Siberian Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 124. 21. IFeatuers round the base of the beak deep pur- ple: head and back in some vermillion, in others rose-colour, marked with brown; the feathers of the former have the tips of a fine polished white, in certain positions of light appearing most vivid: base of the wings and coverts white, the latter with black tips, forming a double oblique bar on the wings: quills margined with white: under parts pale rose-colour: tail longer than the body; the outer feathers white; the others black, with pale margins: female and young birds of the colour of the linnet, with a red tinge on the belly and rump. Inhabits the bushy sath about the rivers and torrents of the southern mountains of Siberia: is fond of the seeds of the mug-wort, and in win- ter unites in small flocks, and keeps among the shrubs in the warmest situation, and is very rest- less: it is a most elegant bird. — INDIAN GROSBEAK. (Loxia boetonensis. ) L. cristata rubra, rostri basi tectricibusque alarum obscurioribus, rostro pedibusque flavis. Crested red Grosbeak, with the base of the beak and wing- ' coverts more obscure; beak and feet yellow. Loxia boetonensis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 376. 15. Loxia Indica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 847. Coccothraustes Indica. Briss. 3.252. 16. Indian Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.119. 14. Innasits India: length eight inches: beak yel- low, one inch in length: head crested: the whole bird fine red, except the beak and wing-coverts, which are dull red: legs yellow: toes long: claws sharp and bent. CARDINAL GROSBEAK. (Loxia Cardinalis. ) a0 A L. cristata rubra, capistro nigro, rostro pedibusque sanguineis. Red-crested Grosbeak with the capistrum black, beak and feet red. ee Loxia Cardinalis. Zin. Syst..Nat. 1. 300. 5.—Amen, Acad. 4, 242.—Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 847.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.375. 14. Coccothraustes virginiana. Briss. 3.255. 17. Gros-bec de Virginie. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 458. 28.— Buff. — Pl. Enl. 37. ye Red Grosbeak. Albin. 1. 57. male. 3. 61. female. Cardinal Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 210.—Lath. sols Syn. 3.118. 13.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 150. Leneru eight inches: beak pale red, and stout: irides hazel: head crested: round the beak and on the throat black: rest of the plumage fine red ; but not so bright on the quills and tail: legs site red: female almost-entirely of a reddish brown. This species is very.tame, and has a very fine song, much resembling that of the nightingale ; during the spring and summer it sits on the tops of the highest trees, singing very loud : it is often kept in cages, and generally sings throughout the year. It is fond of maize and buckwheat, and is said to collect great quantities together, which it covers with leaves and twigs, leaving only a small hole for an entrance; it is also stated to be fond of bees. It is met with in several parts of North America, appearing in New York, and the Jerseys, ‘about the beginning of April, frequenting the 46 CARDINAL GROSBEAK. PURPLE GROSBEAK. 949 Magniola swamps during summer, and departing in the autumn towards Carolina. PURPLE GROSBEAK. (Loxia violacea.) L. violacea, supercilits gula crissoque rubris. Violet Grosbeak, with a streak above the eyes; the throat and vent red, Loxia violacea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 306. 43.—-Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 864.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 375. 13. Pyrrhula bahamensis violacea. Briss. 3. 326. 9. Le Bouvreuil a gorge et sourcils rouges. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. A. 396. Purple Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 218.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 117. 12. Tue Purple Grosbeak inhabits the Bahama Islands, Jamaica, and the warmer parts of Ame- rica, and is about the size of a Sparrow: length five inches and three quarters: beak black: irides red: chin, vent, and a streak over the eye, red: rest of the plumage violet-black : legs dusky-grey : the red of the female is not quite so bright, and she is brown in those parts where the male is black. 250 BLUE GROSBEAK. (Loxia cerulea.) ek L. cerulea, alis fuscis, fascia baseos purpurea. Blue Grosbeak with brown-wings, having a purple fascia at the base. Loxia cerulea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 306. 41.—Gmel. Syst. 1. 863.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.374.11. ™ | Pyrrhula carolinensis cerulea. Briss. 3. 323. 7. Le Bec rond, ou Bouvreuil bleu d’ Amerique. Sule sree: Nat. Ois. 4. 392. Blue Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 217.—Lath. Geni Syn. 3. 116. 11. &. remigibus rectricibusque nigris. With the quills and tail- eaee black. Loxia cyanea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 303. 32.—Amen. Acad. A, 244.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 853.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 374. 12. Coccothraustes angolensis cyanea. Briss. App. 88. Blue Grosbeak from Angola. Edwards. 125.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 8.117. 11. B. Tuis variable bird is in length six inches: beak stout, brown, and half an inch in length; sur- rounded at the base with black feathers, which reach on each side as far as the eye: quills and tail brown, with a mixture of green: wing-coverts with a red band: all the rest of the plumage blue: legs dusky: is sometimes found entirely blue, ex- cept a black spot between the beak and eye. Edwards mentions a variety which has a lead- - coloured beak: irides dark hazel: prevailing co- lour of a fine deep blue, except the quills and tail, which are black: legs black: said to have | BLUE GROSBEAK. yoy aan BLUE-SHOULDERED GROSBEAK. | 951 been brought from Angola, but was most pro- bably procured from some of the Portuguese set- tlements in Brazil: by the Portuguese it is called Azulam. — BLUE-SHOULDERED GROSBEAK. (Loxia virens. ) L. virens, humeris ceruleis. Green Grosbeak, with the shoulders blue. Loxia virens. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 303. 23.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 853.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 392. 74. Blue-shouldered Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.151, 70. " Winc-coverts and shoulders. blue: quills and tail black; with greenish margins: rest of the bird green. Inhabits Surinam. GREY GROSBEAKe (Loxia grisea.) L. ceruleo-grisea, facie colloque oe albis. Blueish-grey Grosbeak, with the face and lower part of the neck white. Loxia grisea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 397 at Ind. Orn. 1. 382. 38. Le Grisalbin. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 3. 467. Gros-bec de Virginie. Buff: Pl. Enl. 393.f. 1. Grey Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 134. 35.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 219. Tus bird inhabits Virginia, and is about the size of the Blue Titmouse, with the beak dark brown: neck, and front of the head, white: the rest of the body blue-grey: legs reddish, and claws brown. It is in length four inches. 253 WHITE-THROATED GROSBEAK. (Loxia grossa.) L. cano-cerulescens, jugulo rectricibusque atris, gula alba, rostro rubro. Hoary-blue Grosbeak, with the jugulum and tail-feathers dark coloured ; throat white; beak red. Loxia grossa. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 307. 44.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 864.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 374. 10. Coccothraustes americanus cerulea. Briss. App. 89. t. 5.f. 1. . —Buff. Hist. Nat. O1s. 3. 456. Gros-bec bleu d’Amerique. Buff. Pl. Enl. 154. female. White-throated Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Sup. 3. 115. 10. Lenetu seven inches and a half: beak very stout, and red; with a process on each side of the upper. mandible, about the middle of the edge: prevailing colour of the plumage deep blue: from the beak to the lower part of the neck, a broad black stripe; in the middle of which, on the chin and throat, is a large patch of white: legs dusky- blue: female with less white on the chin, and not surrounded with black, as in the male. Supposed to inhabit Surinam. 4 + 4 t 4 r Fe! % 254 WAX-BILL GROSBEAK, (Loxia astrilda.) L. grisea fusco-undulata, rostro, orbitisque coccineis. Grey Grosbeak with brown undulations, the beak and orbits crimson. « Loxiaastrilda. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 303. 21.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 852.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 392. 75. Senegalus striatus. Briss. 3. 210. 64. ¢t. 10.6 5. Le Senegali rayé. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.101. 2. f. 2.—Buf. Fal Fial, V5 7. fae 2s Wax-bill Grosbeak. Edwards. 179. 354.—Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 152.71. A. Lath. Syn. Sup, IT, 198. 18. B. subtus albida, uropygio crissogue coccineis. Beneath whitish, with the rump and vent crimson. Le Serevan. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 103. Moineau du Senegal. Buff, Pl. Enl. 230. f. 3. Red-rumped Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 153.—Brown. Iil. t. 29. , y. subtus uropysioque tncarnata. Beneath and with the rump rose-coloured. Le petit moineau du Senegal. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ots. 4. 104.— Buf, Pl. Enl. 230, f. 2. White-rumped Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 153. 71. B. Tuis is one of the most variable birds of the genus: it is four inches in length: beak gibbous at the base, and the colour of red sealing-wax : in co- lour this bird varies exceedingly ; it is often found with a streak of red passing through the eye; and with the middle of the breast and belly the same colour: the upper parts of the body brown, the under reddish grey, crossed with transverse black- ish lines on every part: legs, quills, and tail, brown; WAX-BILL GROSBEAK. 955 the latter wedge-shaped, and crossed with lines of darker brown: some birds have the vent and under tail-coverts black ; and tye tail plain brown. The second variety has the head and back part of the neck cinereous: back, and wing-coverts, brown: greater quills and tail dusky: upper tail- coverts, and band on the vent, crimson: breast and belly dirty white: this is also subject to va- riety, as it is sometimes found with the sides of the rump and wing-coverts spotted with white, and with a yellow tinge all over the body: others again have the under parts pale yellow, and the beak and rump without any red. The last distinct variety has a crimson streak through the eyes, in the manner of the first: with the throat, and sides of the neck, blueish-white: the rest of the under parts of the body and rump rose-coloured white: the top of the head, neck, and back, pale blue, lightest on the head: wings brown: tail blackish : legs red. We are informed by Mr. Barrow that this bird is so abundant where it is found, that sixty-three have been shot with a small fowling-piece: it in- habits Africa from Senegal to the Cape of Good _ Hope; it is also found in India, and, according to Linneeus, in Surinam. 256 RED-BILLED GROSBEAK. (Loxia sanguinirostris. ) L, grisea subtus albida, rostro pedibusque sanguineis, gula nigra. Grey Grosbeak, beneath whitish, with the beak and feet blood red, and throat black. 3 Loxia sanguinirostris. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 303. 20—Amen. Acad, A, 243.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 851.—Lath. Ind. Orn. he 392. 73. Emberiza Quelea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 310. 8.—Gmel. Syst Nat. 1. 877.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 409. 31. Passer senegalensis erythrorynchos. Briss. 3. 110. 19.t. 6.f. 1. Passer erythrorynchos Capitis Bone Spei. ‘ Briss. 3. 108. 18. t. 5.f. 4. female. | Le moineau a bec rouge. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 8. 485.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 183. f. 2. Brasilian Sparrow. Edwards. 271. f. 2. Black-faced Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 192.28: ‘Red-billed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 151. 69. B. rufo-rubra, supra fusco nigricanteque shoe SJacie gulaque nigra. Rufous-red, above variegated with fuscous and dusky, face and throat black. Moineau du Senegal. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 484.—Buff. PI nl) 223.2 Black-faced Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 193. 28. A. , Tuts is the size of Fringilla Spinus : beak thick, and of a deep blood red: forehead above the eye, and round to the chin, black: rest of the head, neck, back, and wings, grey brown: breast, belly, and bend of the wing, yellowish white: quills and tail brown: legs pale red: middle of the feathers sometimes blackish. RED-BILLED GROSBEAK. 957 This species varies very much, so much so as to have been put into different genera, being sometimes found with the forehead, throat, and cheeks, black: the rest of the head and upper parts rufous grey: the middle of the feathers on the back and upper parts dusky: the under parts pale rufous, inclining to white on the breast and belly: quills and tail blackish, with ash-coloured margins: legs as above: female said to want the black about the head. The Moineau du Senegal of Buffon appears to be another variety of this species: it has the head, neck, and under parts red; inclining to rufous: upper parts brown and dusky mixed: the fore- head between the beak and eye, and round the throat, black: legs brown: beak fine red. This species is found over great part of Asia and Africa. 7X. P. Il. - 18 258 BENGAL GROSBEAK. (Loxia bengalensis.) L. grisea, pileo flavo, temporibus albidis, abdomine albido fusco maculato. Grey Grosbeak, with the top of the head yellow, temples white ; abdomen whitish, with brownish spots. Loxia bengalensis, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 305. 32. oh Cond Syst. Nat. 1. 857.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 382. 36. Briss. 3. 95.11. L’Orchef. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 466. Gros-bec des Indes. Buff. Pl. Enl. 393. f. 2. Yellow-headed Indian Sparrow. Edwards. 189. Bengal Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 133. 33. Lancer than the House Sparrow: length five inches and a half: beak flesh-coloured: irides whitish: top of the head bright yellow: sides of the head, and under parts, rufous white: upper parts of the body brown, with pale edges: across the breast a brown band, uniting to the same co- lour on the upper parts of ‘he body: legs pale yellow: claws grey: female similar in colour, but not so bright. This bird is very common in Hindostan: it is very docile, and faithful, never voluntarily. de- serting the place where its young are hatched, but not averse, like most birds, to the society of mankind; it is easily taught to perch on the hand of its master. It generally builds its nest on the highest tree it can find, and prefers that which happens to overhang a well or rivulet: it is made _ of grass, and wove like cloth into the shape of a CINEREOUS GROSBEAK. 259 large bottle, and suspended firmly on the branches, - in such a manner as to rock with the wind; the en- trance is below, to secure it from birds of prey. The nest usually consists of two or three cham- bers; and it is popularly believed that the bird lights them with fire-flies, which it is said to catch alive at night, and confine with moist clay, or cow-dung: that such flies are often found in its nest, where pieces of cow-dung are also stuck, is indubitable; but as their light could be of little service to he bird, it seems pBronanle that it only feeds on them. CINEREOUS GROSBEAK. { Loxia cana.) L. cana, remigibus rectricibusque fuscis, pedibus rubris. Hoary Grosbeak, with the quills and tail-feathers brown; feet red, Loxia cana. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1.305. 35.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. : 859.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 393. 77: Fringilla cinerea indica. Briss. Sup. 83. La Linotte gris de fer. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 82. Grey Finch. Edwards. 179. f. 1. Cinereous Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 154. 73. Axout the size of a Linnet: beak pale cine- reous ; the base of the under mandible white: eyes blackish: temples pale: upper parts of the plumage dark ash-colour, which, as it approaches the rump, gets paler: greater quills white at the base, and 260 : - CRESTED GROSBEAK. blackish at the ends: under parts pale blueish- ash: tail blackish, edged with pale ash: legs dull flesh-colour: inhabits Asia. CRESTED GROSBEAK. (Loxia cristata.) L. albicans, fronte cristata, uropygio pedibusque rubris, rectrici= bus duabus intermediis longissimts. Whitish Grosbeak with the forehead crested, rump and feet red, and-two middle tail-feathers very long. Loxia cristata. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 301. 9.—Gmel, Syst. Nat, 1. 849.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 378. 24. Crested Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 125. 23. Sarp to inhabit Ethiopia; and to be very large: prevailing colour whitish: the forehead crested, and, with the breast and rump, red: tail cinereous ; two middle feathers twice as long as the rest : legs red: in the female the crest and “breast are white. 261 ASIATIC GROSBEAK. (Loxia asiatica.) L. cinereo-rubescens subtus cinerea, abdomine pallide rubro, ca- pite tectricibus alarum majoribus remigibus caudaque apice nigris. Reddish ash-coloured Grosbeak, beneath plain ash; abdomen -. pale red; head, greater wing-coverts, quills, and tip of the tail, black. Loxia asiatica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 858.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 304. 83. | Asiatic Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 155. 96.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 153, 70. A. In length about seven inches: beak stout, slightly bent, and yellowish, with the point dusky: irides red: head black: upper part of the neck, body, and lesser wing-coverts, blueish ash-colour ; beneath the same, but paler ;. with an orange Habe beneath the wings: greater wing-coverts, quills, and tail, black: quills, and two middle tail-fea- thers, with white tips: legs red. Is said to vary in having the upper parts of the body reddish ash: belly pale red; and the quills, greater co- verts, and tail, with black tips: called Lap-tzoy in China, of which place it is a native. 262 WHITE-TAILED GROSBEAK. (Loxia leucoura. } L. cinerea, dorso luteo, pectore abdomineque flavescentibus, cauda alba, rectricibus duabus extimis nigris. Cinereous Grosbeak with the back yellow, breast and abdomen yellowish ; tail white, and the two outward tail-feathers black. Loxia leucoura. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 852.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 393. 76. White-tailed Wax-bill Finch. Brown. Jil. t, 20. | White-tailed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 154. 72. In length three inches: beak of a beautiful red, similar in colour to sealing-wax: head ci- nereous: back fine yellow: breast and belly pale yellow : wing-coverts ash-coloured : tail white, the two outer feathers black: legs flesh-colour. In- ‘habits Brasil. MALABAR GROSBEAK. (Loxia malabarica.) L. cinerea, remigibus rectricibusque nigris, gula crissoque albis. Cinereous Grosbeak, with the quills and tail-feathers black ; throat and vent white. Loxia malabarica. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 305. 53.—Gmel. ee Nat. 1. 857.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.394. 81. Malabar Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 154. 74. Tuis bird is of the size and shape of a Titmouse: the beak is black: throat white: body cinereous: vent whitish: quills and tail black: found in the East Indies and Malabar. 263 PARADISE GROSBEAKe (Loxia erythrocephala. ) L. cinerascens, capite purpurascente, pectore albo maculato. Ash-coloured Grosbeak with the head purplish, and breast spotted with white. j Loxia erythrocephala. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 301. 10.—Gmel. eee Nat. 1. 849.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 377. 20. Cardinalis angolensis. Briss. App. 70. 60. Sparrow of Paradise. Edwards. 180. Paradise Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn, 3. 122. 19.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 156. Asovut six inches in length: beak flesh-colour : head and chin red: hind part of the neck, back, rump, and wing-coverts, blueish-ash: under parts white, marked with black waved spots on the sides: wing-coverts tipped with white, forming two bars of that colour on the wing: quills and tail deep ash, with grey tips; the upper coverts of the latter margined with grey : legs flesh-colour. Found at Angola; has been bred in an aviary, but the young ones died, as they were forsaken by the mother, in consequence of being too much dis- turbed: the male has a very low note, and fre- quently sings. 2.64. CRESTED DOMINICAN GROSBEAK. | (Loxia cucullata.) L. cinerea, capite cristato gulaque coccineis, pectore abdomineque albis, cauda longiore, rectricibus lateralibus nigricantibus. Greyish Grosbeak with the head crested, and with the throat crimson; breast: and abdomen white; tail long, the lateral feathers blackish. See | Loxia cucullata. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.378. 22. chee Le Cardinal dominiquain huppé de la Louisiane. Buff. Hist. ~~ Nat. O1s. 3. 501.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 103. j Crested Dominical Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. oe oe 193. 20. A. Inuasits Brasil: boat with a long pointed crest, and with the fore-part of the neck red: back and wings cinereous: under parts white: tail rather long, with the two middle feathers _ einereous, the rest dusky. SS 35 CR Previiqus Toray” SSS DTT ni] Ms 4 ¥ Y < CRESTED rm i { @ Ranges bile regis CE, ON GUO Lan DOMINICAN GROSBEAK. AG 265 FRONTAL GROSBEAK. (Loxia frontalis. ) L. cinereo-grisea subtus alba, vertice et cervice rufescentibus, _ Grey ash-coloured Grosbeak, beneath white ; crown of the head and upper part of the neck reddish, Loxia frontalis. Lath. Syn. Sup. I. XLVI. 4.—Daud. Orn, 2. 445, Frontal Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 196. 12. Descrisep by Monsieur Daudin: beak pale grey: on the forehead and at the base of the beak are a few black feathers with white tips: crown of the head and upper part of the neck pale rufous: throat and under parts of the body white: upper parts cinereous grey: legs and claws pale grey: inhabits Senegal. 266 YELLOW-HEADED GROSBEAK. (Loxia mexicana, ) L. grisea, fronte gula uropygio superciliisque luteis. Grey Grosbeak, with the forehead, throat, rump, and line over the eyes yellow. | Loxia mexicana. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.304. 26.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 854.— Briss. 3. 97. 12.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 385. 50. La Linotte a téte jaune. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 83. | Yellow-headed Grosbeak. Edwards. Birds. 44.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 140. 46. Innasits Mexico: length near six inches : beak pale flesh-colour: irides hazel: front of the head, cheeks, and throat yellow; with a brown band passing behind the eyes towards the back: upper parts of the body dull brown, with black spots ; lower parts pale brown, with dull brown spots: quills and tail blackish: legs dull brown. 267 PRASINE GROSBEAK. (Loxia prasina. ) L. subtus cano-flavicans, uropygio rubro, pedibus flavis. Mas. supra viridi-olvvacea. Fem. supra fusco-olivacea, uropygio obsolete rubro. Grosbeak beneath whitish yellow, with the rump red, and feet yellow. Male above olive-green. Female above brown-olive, with the rump obsoletely red. Loxia prasina. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 306. 91. _ Prasine Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. 195. 8. Inuapits the corn fields in the island of Java: male olive-green above, and yellowish grey be- neath, with a few red spots on the belly, rump wholly red: tail rounded, black; the two middle feathers red above, the others red on the outer margin alone: legs yellow: female olive-brown above, and yellow grey beneath: rump dull red: quills cinereous, eight of the secondaries whitish on the anterior margins and tips: tail-feathers black with white tips: beak in both sexes black. 268 PARROT-BILLED GROSBEAK. (Loxia psittacea. ) L. olwvaceo-fusca, capite colloque. flavis, mandibula superiore adunca, inferiore subtruncata, | Olive-brown Grosbeak, with the head and neck yellow ; the upper mandible bent downwards, and the under one slightly truncate. Loxia psittacea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 844.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 371,'3. | Parrot-billed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 108. 3. t. 42. Tue beak of this bird is very like that of a Par- rot, the under mandible being much shorter than the upper, pale, but dusky at the tip; head and part of the neck in the male yellow: the rest of the plumage greenish olive-brown, paler beneath : edges of the quills and tail yellowish: legs pale brown: female similar to the male, except the head, which only differs in colour from the other parts of the body in having the sides spotted with yellowish grey : tail in both sexes even at the end. — Inhabits the Sandwich Islands. f 269 CANADA GROSBEAK. (Loxia canadensis.) L. veridi-olvvacea, subtus flavo-olivacea, capistro nigro. Green-olive Grosbeak, beneath yellow olive, with the capistrum black. Loxia canadensis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.304. 29.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 856.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 379. 20. Coccothraustes cayanensis, Briss. 3. 229. 4.t. 11.f. 3. Le Flavert, Gros-bec de Cayenne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 462. —Buff. Pl. Enl, 152. f. 2. Canada Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2, 220.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 127.27. Size of Fringilla domestica: length near seven inches: edges of the beak slightly margined in the middle, and ash-coloured : upper parts of the body olive-green: under parts the same, but paler and inclining to yellow: capistrum and chin black: legs grey: is sometimes found of a blue-grey co- Jour above, instead of olive-green, and pale grey beneath: female cinereous brown: found at Cay- enne, and supposed by Linnzus to be a native of Canada. 270 BROWN-CHEEKED GROSBEAK. (Loxia canora.) L. virescens subtus cinerea, genis fuscis flavo circumdatis. Greenish Grosbeak, beneath ash-coloured, with the cheeks brown, surrounded with yellow. | Loxia canora. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 858.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 304. 84. Brown-cheeked Grosbeak. Brown. Ill. 56. t. 24.—Lath. Gen. — Syn. 3.155. 77.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 154. Tus bird has a very pleasant and agreeable soft note: it is called Tomfelio in Mexico; and is the size of a Titmouse, with the beak stout, thick, and dusky: cheeks brown, margined with a broad yel- low band extending from beyond the ears to the throat: breast and abdomencinereous: legswhitish : the rest of the plumage pale dirty green. 271 YELLOW-BELLIED GROSBEAK. (Loxia flaviventris. ) L. viridi-olivacea, dorso fusco maculato, subtus superciliisque ~ tutets, ; Green-olive Grosbeak, with the back spotted with fuscous, bes neath and line over the eyes yellow. Loxia flaviventris. Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 856.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 384. 40. Coccothraustes lutea Capitis Bone Spei. Briss, 3. 227.3. t. 11. ft. Yellow-bellied Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn, 3.138, 42. %. Five inches in length: beak pale coloured: on each side of the head passing over the eye is a stripe of yellow: head, hind part of the neck, and back olive-green, sprinkled with brown: quills and tail brown, with olive-green edges: under parts of ‘the body plain yellow: rump olive-green : tail slightly forked: legs grey: female not quice so brilliant in colour. This bird varies in having the crown of the head, upper parts of the body, and breast bright olive-green: hind part of the neck ash-colour, which colour passes forward and ends in a point on the chin: belly and vent yellow: quills black, edged with yellow: rump pale olive- green: tail forked, dusky green, shafts of the fea- thers black, edges yellow: inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. 272 AFRICAN GROSBEAK. (Loxia africana.) — L. viridi-fusco griseoque variegata, subtus alba, tectricibus eeapir rufis, rectrice extima macula alba. Green-brown Grosbeak, variegated with grey, beneath white, with the wing-coverts rufous, and the outer tail-feathers with a white spot. | Loxia africana. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 856.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 384, 43. , Le Verdier sans Vert. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 186. African Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 137. 40. Near six inches and a half in length: upper parts of the body olive-brown and grey, mixed ; upper wing-coverts rufous: greater quills edged with rufous white; secondaries with pale rufous: under parts of the body white, varied on the breast with brown: tail olive-brown; the outer feathers edged with rufous white, and the most exterior one with a white spot near the tip. This bird has a very great affinity to the common Greenfinch, but is very different in colour: it comes from the | Cape of Good Hope. ~ 273 ST. DOMINGO GROSBEAK, (Loxia dominicensis.) L. viridi-fusca, subtus rufa fusco maculata, regrone oculorum crissoque albis. Green-brown Grosbeak, beneath rufous spotted with brown; space round the eyes and vent white, Loxia dominicensis. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.855.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 383. 42. Le Verderin de St. Domingue. Buff. Hist. Nat, Ois, 4, 185.— Buff. Pl. Eni. 341. f. 2. ; St. Domingo Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 137. 30. Tuis bird is a native of St. Domingo, and is near six inches in length : beak reddish : region of the eyes white: plumage above green-brown ; the feathers with pale edges: beneath dull rufous spotted with brown: hinder parts of the abdomen and vent white: quills black: tail and legs dusky brown. ms. 1X. PS 11. ‘19 ee O74 YELLOW-FRONTED GROSBEAK. (Loxia butyracea. ) L. virescens, fronte superciliis pectore abdomineque flavis, cauda apice alba. . ~ Greenish Grosbeak, with the forehead, a line over the eyes, and abdomen yellow ; tail white at the tip. Loxia butyracea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 304. 28.—Gimel. Syst. Nat. i 855.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 383. 41. Le Verd brunet. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 182. Verdier du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff: Pl. Ent. 341.f, 1. Yellow-fronted Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn.3. 130. 38. Tue length of the Yellow-fronted Grosbeak, is about five inches: beak palish: forehead and tem- ples yellow ; which colour joins a streak above the eyes: prevailing colour above green spotted with brown: beneath entirely yellow: tail blackish, slightly forked, and tipped with white : legs black: female with a whitish vent; all the quills but the outer one dusky, with yellow margins, and pale at the tip : lesser wing-coverts black, with green mar-_ gins, and the greater ones the same colour, edged with pale brown: native of the Cape of Good | Hope. 279 PENSILE GROSBEAK. (Loxia pensilis, ) L. viridis subtus grisea, crisso rufo, capite colloque inferiore flavis, remigibus rectricibusque nigris. | Green Grosbeak, beneath grey, vent rufous, with the head and lower part of the neck yellow; quills and tail-feathers black. Loxia pensilis. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 860.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 381.34. Le Nelicourvi de Madagascar. Son. Voy. Ind. 2. 200. 22. Pensile Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.131. 32. Tus bird is described by Sonnerat as a native of Madagascar: it is above five inches in length: beak black: irides, head, throat, and fore-part of the neck yellow: from the nostrils to the back part of the head, passing through the eyes, is a dull green stripe, which gets broader after reaching the eyes: hinder part of the head and neck, back, wing-coverts, and rump yellow: quills black with green edges: vent red: belly grey: legs and tail black. The nest of this bird is composed of straw and reeds, and is of the shape of a bag with the opening beneath: it is not made fresh every year, but the new one is fastened to the end of the old one, till at last five or six are found attached together ; there are often as many as four or five hundred of these nests found on a single tree, these birds being very fond of society; the true nest is on one side within: the bird is said to produce only three young at a time. 270 DOMINICAN GROSBEAK. (Loxia dominicana.) L. nigra, capite gulaque coccineis, pectore abdemmne remigibusque margine albis. Black Grosbeak, with the head and throat crimson; breast, ab- domen, and quills margined with white. Loxia dominicana, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 301. 8—Amean. Acad. 4, 242.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 848.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 377- 21. . , Dominican Cardinal. Edwards. 127. Dominican Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 123. 20. —Lath. Sy Sup. 151. GC. capite antertore guttureque finite rectricibus nigris cinereo marginatis ; extima margine exteriore alba. With the anterior part of the head and the throat red, tail-fea- thers black, margined with cinereous, the outer one with the © exterior margin white. - Cardinalis dominicanus. Briss. 3. 116. 22. t.6.f0 4. Cardinal dominiquain. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 500.—Buff. Pi. Enl. 55. 2. . Pope Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 211.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 124..20, 6. Tus bird appears to vary very much: it is the size of a Lark: beak stout: the upper mandible brown, the under pale flesh-colour: eyes blueish: | head, throat, and fore-part of the neck bright red: hind part of the neck blackish, with a mixture of | white; sides of the latter whitish: back, rump, | wing, upper tail-coverts, and scapulars grey, spot- | _ted with black: breast, belly, thighs, and vent | whitish: quills black, edged with white : tail black : . legs cinereous. Ot sts } : DOMINICAN GROSBEAK. OT The Pope Grosbeak of the Arctic Zoology is apparently a variety of this bird; it is of the same size, but differs in markings from the above: the head as far as the crown, the cheeks, and throat are of a fine red, ending in a point on the fore-part of the neck: hind head, back of the neck, and all the under parts white, with a black stripe running down the back of the neck: back, scapulars, and rump greyish; some of the feathers of the former margined with black: quills black, ‘with white edges; secondaries partly tipped with the latter colour: wing-coverts black, with a white fascia on the larger ones: tail similar to the wings: legs and claws grey-brown: female with the forehead orange-yellow, dotted with red, in other respects similar to the male. » Inhabits Brasil and many parts of North Ame- rica. | : 278 RED-BREASTED GROSBEAK. (Loxia ludoviciana.) L. nigra, pectore rubro, ventre alarum ae basique remigum albts. Black Grosbeak, with the breast red ; : hale quills, and fascia at the base of the wings white. | Loxia ludoviciana. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 306. 38.—Gmel. "Syst Nat. 1, 861.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1, 379. 25. Coccothraustes ludoviciana. Briss. 3. 247. 14. t. 12..f. 2. Le Rose-gorge. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 460. Gros-bec de la Louisiane. Buff: Pl. Enl. 153. 2. Red-breasted Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 212,—Lath. Gen. Sym. 3. 126. 24. Tue Red-breasted Grosbeak is in length six inches and three quarters: beak brown: head, upper parts of the body and half of the tail black : breast and under wing-coverts light purple: belly, thighs, vent, and rump white, the first varied with a few purple spots: on the wings are three white stripes; one across the coverts, a second parallel to the edge of the wing, and the other on the tip of the scapulars: half of the three outer tail-fea- thers white, and the tip of the fourth on the inner web the same: legs brown: varies in having the sides of the breast and thighs of a ferruginous brown: vent pale yellow. Found at Louisiana. 279 PEARLED GROSBEAK. ( Loxia perlata. ) L, nigra subtus fusca, postice albo nigroque varia. Black Grosbeak, beneath brown; hinder parts varied with black and white. Loxia perlata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 858.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 395. 86. : Pearled Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 156. 79. Tuts bird very much resembles L. lineata, and may eventually prove nothing but a variety : it is an inhabitant of Whidah in Africa, and is the size of a Wren, with the head and upper parts of the body black: lower parts brown, mixed in a beau- tiful manner with black towards the thighs and tail: said to have an agreeable note, and to feed on grain. 280 ANGOLA GROSBEAK. (Loxia angolensis.) L. nigro cerulea, ventre ferrugineo, macula alarum alba. Black cerulean Grosbeak, with the belly ferruginous, and a white spot on the wing. Loxia angolensis. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1,303. 24.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 854.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 389. 60. Black Grosbeak. Edwards. 352. f. 2. Angola Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 145. 53. Lenetu five inches: size of the Bullfinch: beak dusky: eyes dark-coloured: lower part of the breast, abdomen, and vent dull red: spot on the middle of the wing and another on the edge white: the remainder of the plumage blueish black: legs flesh-colour: from Angola. , 28 1 RADIATED GROSBEAK. (Loxia lineata.) L. nigra subtus alba, lateribus corporis basique remigum primorum albo nigroque transversim striatis. Black Grosbeak, beneath white, with the sides of the body and the base of the primary quills transversely striated with black and white. | Loxia lineata. Gel. Syst. Nat, 1. 858.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 305. 85. - Radiated Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3,176. 78. Turis beautiful little bird is about the size of the Linnet, with a stout, thick, and white beak : head, neck, breast, and lesser wing-coverts black: se- condaries, sides of the body, and base of the primaries striated with black and white; the tips of the latter black: abdomen and vent white : tail black, three quarters of an inch in length: legs _ dusky. - 282 NITID GROSBEAK. ( Loxia nitida.) L. lineolis transversis interruptis nigris notata, corpore supra fusco subtus albido, rostro uropygioque COCCINELS. Grosbeak marked with transverse interrupted black lines; the body above fuscous, beneath whitish ; beak and rump crimson. Loxia nitida. Lath. Syn, Sup. II, XLVII. 9. Nitid Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 198.17. t. 131. 6. grisea nigro transversim lineata, loris nigris, rostro uropygioque coccinels. ; Grey, transversely striped with black ; lores black; beak and rump crimson. : Loxia bella. Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. XLVI. 8. Black-lined Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 198. 16, Tur Nitid and Black-lined Grosbeaks of Dr. Latham do not appear sufficiently distinct from each other to warrant their being considered as two species. They are both found at New South Wales, and are called Weebong: the former is thus described by Dr. Latham : “ size of the Black-lined Grosbeak, but stouter in the body: the general colour of the plumage pale olive-brown above, and dusky white beneath, crossed every where with short abrupt curved lines of black: quills and tail brown, marked with several bands of-a darker co- lour: the beak, irides, lower part of the back and rump are crimson: legs yellowish.” ‘The Black- lined Grosbeak appears to differ principally in- having the space between the beak and the eyes | black; and the feet brown, instead of yellowish. © | Pay Wi ui m mah y ti) i! TT Nain - SS oer = ae wie Mann Fn er CO NiITImD GROSBEAK. ; R $ aa ee SUN iS 283 WHITE-WINGED GROSBEAK. (Loxia panicivora.) L, nigra, alula alba, rostro griseo. Black Grosbeak, with the wing white, and beak grey. Loxia panicivora. Lin. Syst. Nat.1.302. 15.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 851.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 388. 57. Pyrrhula Africana nigra. Briss. 3. 317. 4. Bouvreuil noir d’Afrique. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 385. White-winged Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 144. 52. Tuts bird, with the exception of a white spot on the wing-coverts, is entirely black: it is a na- tive of Africa, and about the size of the Hawfinch : the beak is half an inch in length and grey: the legs are ash-coloured: length above seven inches. 284 LONG-TAILED GROSBEAK. (Loxia longicauda.) L. nigra, tectricibus alarum dorsoque medio fascia transversa rufo-lutea, cauda longiore cuneiforme. Black Grosbeak with a transverse rufous yellow fascia on the back and wing-coverts; tail very long and wedge-shaped. Loxia longicauda. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 373. 9. Loxia macroura. | Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 845. Le Pere-noire 3 longue queue. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 487. Moineau du royaume de Juda. Buff. Pl. Enl. 183. 1. Long-tailed Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. 3. 114. 8. Tuts bird is a native of Whidah and Senegal in Africa, and is about the size of the House Spar- row: length seven inches: prevailing colour of the plumage black, with a rufous yellow bar across the back and wing-coverts: tail wedge-shaped, | and nearly half the length of the bird: beak and — legs dusky. 285 GOLD-BACKED GROSBEAK. (Loxia aurea.) L. nigra, dorso uropygioque luteis, tectricibus alarum_fuscescenti- bus nigro maculatis, Black Grosbeak with the back and rump yellow; wing-coverts brownish, spotted with black. Loxia aurea. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 846.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 373. 8. Gold-backed Grosbeak. Brown, Ill, 25.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 115. 9.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 149. »A very beautiful species, with the beak, head, and neck deep black: back, rump, and upper tail- coverts, of a rich golden yellow: the ends of the two latter fringed with dusky: wing-coverts light brown, spotted with black : breast and belly black : all but the two middle tail-feathers with pale edges: legs blueish: female of a dark brown, to which colour the male is said to change in the winter. Found at Benguela in Africa. 286 ASH-HEADED GROSBEAK. (Loxia indica.) L, nigricans, subtus albida, capite colloque cinerets, cauda apice alba. ; | Dusky Grosbeak, beneath whitish, with the head and néck ash- coloured ; tail white at the tip. Loxia indica. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 394. 80. Ash-headed Grosbeak, Lath. Syn, Sup. 155. Tuis bird is described on the authority of Dr. Latham, who says it is found in India, and is very small; with the beak blue: head and neck slaty ash-colour: back, wings, and tail, dusky; the latter tipped with white: breast and belly dirty white: legs blue. CAFFRARIAN GROSBEAK. (Loxia caffra.) L. atra, remigibus fuscts, humeris coccineis. Dark-coloured Grosbeak, with the quills brown, and shoulders ~ crimson. Loxia caffra. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 858.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.393. ence! Caffrarian Grosbeak. Lath, Syn, Sup. II. 194. 6. Tue Caffrarian Grosbeak is the size of the Bull- finch: beak cinereous brown: prevailing colour of the plumage black: shoulders crimson: wing-co- MARYGOLD GROSBEAK. 87 verts white: quills brown, margined with white: tail sometimes more than twice the length of the body: legs grey: female entirely grey. This bird inhabits the Cape of Good Hope: it | makes rather a curious nest, which is composed of grass, fastened between two reeds, and globular, with the entrance through a long cylinder, and near the water. Its flight is very slow, so that it may be easily shot, and in bad weather it 1s rea- dily taken with the hand: the male is said to change to a grey colour in the winter. MARYGOLD GROSBEAK, (Loxia bonariensis.) L, nigricans, subtus flavescens, capite colloque supertore cerulets, jugulo pectoreque fulvis. Blackish Grosbeak, beneath yellowish, with the head and upper part of the neck blue; jugulum and breast brownish. Loxia bonariensis. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 850.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 385. 47. Le noir-souci. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 150. Marygold Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 139. 43. Frequents gardens and cultivated places at Buenos Ayres in September, feeding on grass and seeds: it is seven inches in length: beak black- ish, short, strong, and convex, the under man- dible palest ; nostrils round, placed near the base of the beak, and perforated : head, and upper part of the neck, blue: throat, fore-part of the neck, 288 CAPE GROSBEAK. and breast, beautiful orange-yellow: upper parts of the body blackish: belly and vent pale yellow: quills and tail blackish, with blue edges: legs red- dish : claws channelled, and sharp. The male and female appear to be very much attached to each other, and are only seen in pairs. | CAPE GROSBEAK. (Loxia capensis. ) L. atra, uropygio tectricibusque alarum luteis. Dark-coloured Grosbeak, with the rump and wing-coverts yel- low. Loxia capensis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 306. 39.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 862.—Sparrow. Voy. 1.174.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 373.7. Fringilla Capitis Bone Spei. Briss. 3.171. 45.4. 16.7. 1. Le Pinson noire et jaune. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ors. 4, 142. Le Gros-bec de Coromandel. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 456.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 101. 1. ! Cape Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 113. 7.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 149. B. fusca, pennis medio nigris, tectricibus alarum uropygiogue luteis. Brown, with the feathers black in the middle ; wing-coverts and rump yellow. Gros-bec tacheté du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois.—3. 473.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 659. 1. : Larcer than a Chaftinch, being above six inches in length: beak stout, and dusky: head, neck, upper part of the back, under parts of the body and tail deep black: feathers on the head short and shining: shoulders and lower part of the back BLACK-BELLIED GROSBEAK. 289 and rump bright yellow: greater quills, second- aries, and coverts, reddish brown; the former edged with yellow, the two latter with grey: lower part of the thighs pale brown: legs dusky. Buffon describes and figures a variety, or pro- bably the female, or young bird, which is brownish above, with each feather spotted in the middle with black: sides of the head, wing-coverts, and under parts of the body dirty white, marked with black: shoulders and rump pale yellow: quills and tail black, the former with yellow edges, the latter with grey: beak and legs pale. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope and coast of Coromandel, BLACK-BELLIED ‘GROSBEAK. (Loxia melanogastra. ) L. lutea fusco contaminata, gula pectore abdomineque nigris, alis caudaque fuscis, | Yellow Grosbeak sprinkled with brown, with the throat, breast, and abdomen black; wings and tail brown. Loxia afra. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 857. Loxia melanogastra. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.394. 82. Black-bellied Grosbeak. Brown. Ill. 58. t. 24.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 155.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 153, Tue beak of this bird is black: head, sides, and tail-coverts, fine yellow, sprinkled in many parts with light brown: chin, breast, and belly, black: wings and tail brown: in the winter it changes — entirely to.a light brown. Inhabits Africa. UW OTK: P. IL. 20 290 GAMBIA GROSBEAK. (Loxia Gambensis.) L. lutea, captte atro. Yellow Grosbeak, with a black head. Loxia melanocephala. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.305. 34.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 859.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 391. 69. Coccothraustes Gambensis. Briss. 3. 230. 5. Gambia Grosbeak, Albin, 3. t. 62—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 149. 65. Tue whole bird yellowish green, with the ex- ception of the irides, head, throat, and fore-part of the neck, which are black: beak cinereous: legs blueish ash-colour: inhabits Gambia, and is six inches anda quarter in length. YELLOW GROSBEAK.. (Loxia flavicans.) L. flavo, dorso flavicante, capite fulvo. Yellow Grosbeak, with the back yellowish, and head fulvous. Loxia flavicans. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 302. 13.—Ameen. Acad. 4. 244.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.850.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 385. 48. Yellow Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 139. 44. Beak short and thick, the base reaching on the forehead further than usual: head, neck, breast, belly, and vent, yellow; the top of the first paler: back, wings, and tail, greenish-yellow: quills and - SUMATRAN GROSBEAK. 291 tail margined with yellowish; the bend of the former bright yellow: legs pale. Inhabits many parts of Asia. SUMATRAN GROSBEAK. (Loxia hypoxantha. ) L. flavicans, fronte superciliisque luteis, remigibus rectricibusque nigris margine flavescentibus. Yellowish Grosbeak, with the forehead and a line over the eyes yellow ; quills and tail-feathers black, with yellowish margins, Loxia hypoxantha. Daudin, Orn. 2. 429.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 384. 44. | , Sumatran Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 194. 5. Native of the rice fields of Sumatra, and is the size of Embriza Civis: beak pale coloured: irides rufous: forehead yellow: prevailing colour of the plumage on the upper parts yellowish green: wings dusky black, with yellow margins: under parts yellow: tail black, even at the end, with the fea- thers bordered with yellowish: legs pale coloured. 292 NUN GROSBEAK. (Loxia collaria.) L. flavescens, pectore collarique flavis, temporibus nigris. Yellowish Grosbeak, with the breast and neck yellow, and tem- ples black. Loxia collaria. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.305. 31.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 857.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 382. 37. Le Gros-bec Nonette. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 446.—Buf. Pl. Enl, 393. 3. Le Grivelin a Cravate. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. qa Gros-bec d’Angola. Buff: Pl. Enl. 659. 2. Nun Grosbeak. Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 133. 34. Tuis bird is an inhabitant of the East Indies and Angola; it is the size of the Blue Titmouse, and four inches and a half in length: beak black: forehead naked: temples black: top of the head and upper parts of the body greenish blue: under parts, collar on the neck, and rump, rufous white : across the breast a mottled black band: wings rufous yellow and black, mixed: tail black: legs pale brown: the supposed opposite sex is figured by Buffon, and differs in having the upper parts of a darker colour; the white collar round the neck, and the mottled band on the breast, much broader > than in the above: the under parts are more rufous; . and there is a white spot near the edge of the wing, at the base of the quills. 293 YELLOW-RUMPED GROSBEAK. (Loxia hordeacea. ) L. fulva, temporibus albis, cauda pectoreque atris. Fulvous Grosbeak, with the temples white; tail and breast black. Loxia hordeacea, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 303. 19.—Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 852.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 385. 49. Yellow-rumped Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 140. 45. Or this bird, which is a native of India, the temples are white: the head, neck, and rump, are fulvous: the breast, space between the temples and beak, wings, and tail, black: the shoulders, thighs, vent, and margins of the tail-feathers, grey. 294: ABYSSINIAN GROSBEAK. ( Loxia abyssinica.) L. fla, vertice genis gula pectoreque nigris ; alis caudaque fus« Cs. Yellow Grosbeak, with the crown, cheeks, throat, and breast ~ black; wings and tail brown. Loxia abyssinica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 860.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 381. 33. Gros-bec d’Abyssinie, Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 474. Abyssinian Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 131. 31. Tue Abyssinian Grosbeak is about the size of the Hawfinch: beak very stout, and black: top and sides of the head, with the throat, cheeks, and breast, black: irides red: upper parts of the body, belly, and thighs, pale yellow, with a brown tinge on those parts where the colours join each other : scapulars blackish: quills brown: wing-coverts and tail the same ; the former with grey, and the latter with yellow edges: legs reddish grey. The nest of this bird is very singular : it is of a pyramidal shape, and suspended from the ends of the branches of trees: the opening is on the side facing the east; and the cavity is divided by a partition down the middle; about the centre of this partition is the opening to the true nest, which is situated some distance downward from the en- trance, by which contrivance the bird is protected from the assaults of various wild animals that seek to destroy it, as well as from the rain: it is a native of Abyssinia. 295 WARBLING GROSBEAK. (Loxia cantans.) L. fusca nigricante transversim lineata, subtus alba. Brown Grosbeak, transversely striped with dusky; beneath white. Loxia cantans. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 859.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 395. 88. Brown Grosbeak. Brown. Ill. 66. t. 27. Warbling Grosbeak. Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 157.81. Tuts bird is frequently brought over to Eng- land from its native country (Africa), on account of its song; but it does not live long: the most common appearance is as follows: length four inches: beak dusky: upper parts of the plumage brown, with narrow obscure dusky lines: belly white: tail deep brown, and wedge-shaped : legs blueish: many of these birds are mottled on the chin and sides of the body with dusky and white, and of a pale yellow beneath. 296 DUSKY GROSBEAK. (Loxia obscura.) L. fusco-nigricans, gula media corporeque subtus albis, lateribus Jusco maculatis, tectricibus alarum albo bifasciatis. Brownish-black Grosbeak, with the throat in the middle and body beneath white, the sides spotted with fuscous, and the wing-coverts with two white fascia. Loxia obscura. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 862.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 379. 27. Dusky Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 216. saa Gen, ays 8.127. 26. Tuts bird has the head, neck, and back dusky, edged with pale brown: wing-coverts dusky, with two white bars: middle of the throat white : sides of the breast and belly white, with brown spots : quills green. Found at New York in the summer season. nee 297 HUDSONIAN GROSBEAK. (Loxia Hudsonica. ) L. fusca, abdomine albo, lateribus fusco maculato, tectricibus ala- rum rufo bifasciatis, Brown Grosbeak, with the abdomen white, the sides hte with brown ; wing-coverts with two red bands. - Loxia Hudsonica. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 379. 28. Hudsonian Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 192. 2. Known at Hudson’s Bay by the name of Alic- koom-a-shish, where it is not uncommon: length five inches: beak short, thick, and brown : plumage above brown, the feathers bordered with rufous: breast and belly white, with long brown dashes: middle of the belly and vent white: greater and middle wing-coverts tipped with rufous, forming a band of that colour on the wing: tail slightly forked: legs brown. > 298 FASCINATING GROSBEAK. (Loxia fascinans, ) L. fusco-nigra subtus alba, rectricibus exterioribus albis, Brown-black Grosbeak, beneath, and with the outer tail-feathers white. Loxia fascinans, Lath. Syn. Sup. I. XLVI. 7. ‘Fascinating Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 197. 14. ~ Tue manners of this bird are said to be very pleasing, from whence it is called the fascinating bird at Port Jackson in New South Wales, of which place it is a native: it is rather larger than - the Bullfinch: the upper parts of the body dusky black, inclining to brown : under parts white : two outer tail-feathers white: legs and beak dusky. ASH-COLOURED GROSBEAK. ( Loxia cinerea. ) L. fusco-nigricans, capite cristato, abdomine albido, pedibus ru- bris. Brown-dusky Grosbeak, with the head crested, abdomen whitish, and feet red. : Loxia cinerea. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. XLV.2.—Mus. Carls. fas. 4.t. 88. Ash-coloured Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 196. 10. One of the largest of the genus: the beak is stout and pale : hind head crested : plumage above J BLUE-WINGED GROSBEAK. 299 cinereous brown: beneath nearly white: tail-fea- thers very long and black, with white margins on the outward edge: legs red. Found at Malacca, Sumatra, and Java. BLUE-WINGED GROSBEAK. (Loxia cyanoptera.) L. ctnereo-fusca, capistro saturatiore, alis et cauda ceruleis, ree migibus exterioribus basi albis. Grey-brown Grosbeak, with the capistrum darker, wing and tail blue, and the outer quills white at the base. Loxia cyanoptera.’ Lath, Syn. Sup. II. XLVI. 6. Blue-winged Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 197. 14. In length seven inches: beak blue: prevailing colour cinereous brown, but darker round the base of the beak to the eyes: wings fine blue, with a white spot on the outer edge of the middle of the wing, formed by the base of the outer quills being of that colour: tail likewise blue, but not so dark as the wings ; all the feathers with white tips : legs blue. Found at Port Jackson in New South Wales. $00 SUNDA _GROSBEAK.s (Loxia Javensis. ) L. fusco-cinerea, capillitio remigibus ac rectricibus nigris, tempoe ribus abdomineque cinereo-albicantibus. | Greyish-brown Grosbeak, with the barbs of the quills and tail- feathers black; temples and abdomen cinereous white. Loxia Javensis. Mus. Carls. fas. 4. t. 88.—Lath. Syn. Sup. II. ALV,1. 3 Sunda Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II, 195. 9. Tuis species inhabits the islands of Sumatra and Java: it is the size of a Bullfinch: top of the head black: prevailing colour greyish brown : from the chin the under parts are paler than the Sl belly and thighs white: quills and tail black: condaries brown, margined with sere: ee pale yellow. 30} WHITE-HEADED GROSBEAK. (Loxia Maja.) L. fusca, capite albo. Brown Grosbeak, with the head white. Loxia Maia. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 301. 11.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 840.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 301. 72. Le Maia de la Chine. Briss. 3. 212. 65. t. 9. f. 2.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 109. f- 1. Maian. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 107. t. 3. lower figure. Malacca Grosbeak. Edwards. 306.f. 1. White-headed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 151. 68. Tuts bird comes from Malacca and China. It is four inches. in length: beak grey brown, palest beneath: head and neck dirty white: breast pale brown: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail chesnut brown: second and fourth quill-feathers white: belly and vent blackish: legs grey. Buffon describes the breast and belly both black. 302 TOTTY GROSBEAK. (Loxia Totta. ) L, testaceo-fusca, subtus albida, remigibus ree omnibus nigris, summo apice albis. Testaceous-brown Grosbeak, beneath white, with the quills and tail-feathers black, all of them tipped with white. Loxia Totta. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.858.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.393. 79. 3 Totty Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. 156. Tuts bird is found in Caffraria, in the neigh-— bourhood of the Cape of Good Hope, and India ; in the latter place it is called Totty: it is in length four inches : beak nearly white: forehead greenish brown: crown of the head, hind part of the neck, space between the shoulders, and upper. wing- coverts testaceous brown: body beneath brownish white: quills and tail black, all the feathers with white tips: feet black. 303 - SOCIABLE GROSBEAK. (Loxia socia.) L. rufo-fusca, subtus flavescens, capistro nigro, cauda brevi. Reddish-brown Grosbeak, beneath yellowish ; capistrum black ; tail short. Loxia socia. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 381. 35. Loxia, Paterson. Cape. t. p. 126, bird and nest. Tisserin republicain. Daud. Orn. 2. 397. Sociable Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. I. 192. 3. Tur Sociable Grosbeak is about the size of a Bullfinch, being five inches and a half in length : beak and lore black: prevailing colour of the plumage rufous brown; beneath yellow: yellowest round the ear: tail short: legs brown. | Inhabits the interior country at the Cape of Good Hope, where it was first discovered by Mr. Paterson, who gives the following history of it. ‘«< Few species of birds live together in such large societies, or have such an extraordinary mode of nidification as these: they build their nests on the Mimosa trees, which grow to a very large size, and appear to be well calculated for the purpose, as the smoothness of their trunks prevents the birds from being attacked by Monkeys, and other noxious animals. The method in which their nests are made is very curious. On one tree there could not be less than from eight hundred to a thousand under one general roof: I call it a roof, because it resembles that of a thatched house, and projects 304 SOCIABLE GROSBEAK. over the entrance of the nest below in a very sin- gular manner. The industry of these birds seems almost equal to that of the Bee. Throughout the day they appear to be busily employed in carrying a fine species of grass, which is the principal ma- terial they employ for the purpose of erecting this — extraordinary work, as well as for additions and repairs. ‘Though my short stay in the country was not sufficient to satisfy me by ocular proof that they added to their nest as they annually in- creased in numbers; still, from the many ‘trees which I have seen borne down by the weight, and others which I have observed with their boughs completely covered over, it would appear that this is really the case. When the tree which is the support of this aérial city is obliged to give way to the increase of weight, it is obvious that they are no longer protected, and are under the neces- sity of rebuilding in other trees. One of these de- serted nests I had the curiosity to break down to — inform myself of the internal structure of it; and found it equally ingenious with that of the sehaingh There are many entrances, each of which forms a regular street, with nests on both sides, at about two inches distance from each other. The grass with » which they build is called the Boshmans-grass : and I believe the seed of it to be their principal food; though, on examining their nests, I found the wings and legs of aifiunedtt insects. From every appearance the nest which I dissected had been inhabited for many years; and some parts of it were much more complete than others. ‘This, FAN-TAILED GROSBEAK. 305 therefore, I conceive to amount nearly to a proof that the animals added to it at different times, as they found necessary from the increase of the family, or rather of the nation or community.” This species also constructs its nests on the Acacia trees and the Aloé Dichotornes, which grows to a very large size. Mr. Barrow notices one that had steps cut in its sides to enable a person to climb up for the nests. Supposed to be a variety of L, tatta, by Monsieur Daudin. . FAN-TAILED 4ROSBEAK. (Loxia flabellifera. ) L. rubro-fusca subtus rubescens, remigibus caudaque fuscis. Reddish-brown Grosbeak, beneath reddish; quills and _ tail brownish, Loxia flabellifera. Gel, Syst. Nat. 1.850.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 380. 30. . La Queue en Eventail de Virginié. Buff. Hist. Nat. O1s.3. 463. —Buff. Pl. Enl. 380. Fan-tailed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 128. 28. Axsout five inches in length: beak strong and dusky: prevailing colour of the plumage above reddish-brown, with the rump paler: below rather inclined to red: quills, tail, and legs dusky: fe- male with the breast and belly grey. Called Fan- tails in Virginia, from the circumstance of their carrying the tail expanded. im, ik, P. Ie om 306 ORANGE-BELLIED GROSBEAK. (Loxia bicolor.) - L. fusca, subtus rubra, aut alba, pedibus fuscise Brown Grosbeak, beneath red, or white, with the legs brown. Loxia bicolor. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 307. 48.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. f. 865.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 395. 89. . Fringilla rubra minor. Briss, 3. 164. 40: Le Brunor. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 137. Bouvreuil 4 ventre roux de Cayenne. Buf. Pl. Enl. S10. f,, 25 Little Brown Bullfinch. Edwards. 83. f. 1. Orange-bellied Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 157. 82. Leneru three inches and a quarter : beak short, thick, and whitish : upper parts of the body pale brown: under parts dull reddish orange: legs brown: the female has a black beak: the under parts of the body white, inclined to ferruginous on the chin, and legs blueish: inhabits India and China. 307 SPOTTED GROSBEAK. (Loxia maculata.) L. obscure fusca albo maculata, subtus albida maculis subfuscis, superciliis pallidis, rectribus duabus extimis apice albo maculatis. Dull fuscous Grosbeak spotted with white ; beneath white with subfuscous spots; supercilia pale; the two outer tail-feathers white at the tip and spotted. Loxia maculata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 861.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 379. 26. Spotted Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn, 3. 126. 25.—Pen. Arct. Zool, 2.213. | : SupproseD toinhabit North America: beak pale, rather stout, with a dusky tip; plumage on the upper parts dusky; each feather spotted with white at the end, except those of the quills and greater coyerts: over the eye a pale streak: un- der parts dirty white, marked with dusky streaks : the outer web of the most exterior tail-feather white nearly to the tip, with a white spot close to the tip of the inner web; the next feather nearly - similar: quills and tail fringed with dusky white on the outer web: legs pale brown. 308 BROWN-HEADED GROSBEAK. (Loxia ferruginea. ) L, nigra, marginibus primarum flavis, subtus flavescens, pectore JSerrugineo, capite gulaque. fuscis. Black Grosbeak, with the margins of the feathers yellow; be- neath yellowish, with the breast ferruginous ; head and throat brown. | ; Loxia ferruginea. Gel, Syst. Nat. 1.853.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 389. 62. Brown-headed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 145. 54. Tuis bird is very scarce: it is in length six mches: beak stout, and horn-coloured: head and chin dusky brown: back and wing-coverts black; . the feathers with deep yellow margins: breast dark ferruginous: abdomen and vent dull yellow ; palest on the vent: quills and tail dusky, with yellow margins: legs pale: tail even at the end. 309 MUSTACHOE GROSBEAK. (Loxia mystacea. ) L. fusco-olivacea subtus albida, capite et cervice rufo-fuscis, su- percilits et macula oris coccineis. | Brown-olive Grosbeak, beneath whitish, with the head and upper part of the neck reddish brown ; line over the eyes and spot near the mouth crimson. Loxia mystacea. Lath. Syn, Sup. II. XLVI. 5.—Daud. Orn. 2. 446, : Mustachoe Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 197. 13. Tuts bird, which comes from Cochin China, is the size of a Wren: beak tipped with black, and reddish brown at the base: head and upper parts of the neck reddish brown; with a brilliant red streak above the eyes, and another at the corners of the mouth : upper parts of the body, wings, and tail brown, with an olive tinge : lower parts whitish grey: throat and fore-part of the neck pale grey: legs flesh-colour: claws grey. | 310 GREEN GROSBEAK. (Loxia Chloris.) L. flavicante-virens, remigibus primoribus antice luteis, rectricibus lateralibus quatuor basi luteis. : Yellowish-green Grosbeak, with the primary quills in front, and the four lateral tail-feathers yellow. | Loxia Chloris. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 304. 27.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 226.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 854.—Briss. 3. sae 54.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 382. 39. . Le Verdier... Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois, 4.172: on —Buf. Pl. Enl, 267 2 Greenfinch. Pen. Brit. Zool. 117.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 353. B. — Albin. 1. 58.— Lewin, Brit. Birds. 2.69.—Montague. Brit. Birds. 1 ara Gen. iia . 134, 36.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 152. — Bewich. ‘ Tue Greenfinch is rather larger than a Sparrow: the beak is thick and whitish: irides dark hazel : head and back yellowish green; the. edges of the feathers greyish inclining to athe colour alos the sides of the head and wade : rump and breast more yellow: greater quills yellow on the outer webs ; those next the body greyish: tail slightly forked ; the middle feathers dusky, and the four outer fea- thers on each side yellow on their exterior webs: legs flesh-colour: female not so bright, and with a brown cast: sometimes found quite white. This bird is common all over the continent of Europe, but occurs very rarely in Russia: it con- structs its nest in a low and thick bush or hedge, composed of dry grass, and lined with hair, wool, = SS Sa GREEN GROSBEAK. mm 30 CHINESE GROSBEAK. Shed and feathers, laying four or five eggs that are similar to the Linnet’s, of a greenish cast, with a rusty red mark at the larger end; and the female is so careful of them during the time of incubation that she may be easily taken out of her nest: the male is said to assist her in guarding the eggs. Its food is principally seed and grain; and it is easily tamed, as it will become familiar almost as soon as taken: its native song is very trifling, but in ' confinement it will soon learn the notes of other birds: is very liable to become. blind if exposed to the sun. In the winter this bird flocks with the Chaffinches and Yellow-hammers; and mi- grates into other districts if the weather be severe: eften called the Green Linnet. CHINESE GROSBEAK. (Loxia sinensis.) L. fusca subtus rufescens, capite collogue griseo virescentibus, re migibus rectricibusque nigris apice albidis. Brown Grosbeak, beneath reddish, with the head and neck greenish grey; quills and tail-feathers black, with white tips. Loxia sinensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 855.—Lath, Ind. Orn, 1. 383.40. 01 Le Verdier de la Chine. Sonner. Voy. Ind. 2. 202. Chinese Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 135. 37. Very similar to the common Greenfinch: the beak is greenish yellow: head and neck greenish grey: back and wing-coverts light brown; those 312 GREY-NECKED GROSBEAK. near the edge of the wing black: secondaries grey on the outer and black on the inner edge ; greater quills black at the part farthest from the body, with grey tips, the other part nearest the body yellow: vent the same: abdomen dirty red: tail black, tipped with white: legs greenish yellow: common in China. GREY-NECKED GROSBEAK. (Loxia melanura.) _ L. cervice fusca, jugulo uropygioque griseis, abdomine rufescente, alis caudaque nigris, macula alarum remigibus apice crissoque albis. Grosbeak with the hind part of the neck brown; jugulum and rump grey; abdomen reddish; wings and tail black; a spot on the wings, tip of the quills, and vent white. Loxia melanura. Ginel. Syst. Nat. 1. 853.—Lath.-Ind. Orn. 1. 389. 63. ! ; Le Gros-bec de la Chine. Sonner. Voy. Ind. 2. 199. Grey-necked Grosbeak. Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 145. 55, Tuis bird inhabits China, and is the size of the Hawfinch: beak and irides yellow: head black: hind part of the neck dirty brown, fore-part grey : wing-coverts blueish-black, with a white spot near the middle: secondaries black, edged on the inner web with white: primaries black with white tips: belly pale rufous: vent white: rump grey: legs yellow: female with the head grey, and quills black, bordered with white. 313 BRIMSTONE GROSBEAK., (Loxia sulphurata. ) L. fusco olivacea, gutture ventreque luteis, superciliis flavis. Brown-olive Grosbeak, with the throat and belly yellowish ; supercilia yellow. Loxia sulphurata. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.305. 30.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 856.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.385. 45. Coccothraustes Capitis Bonz Spei. Briss. 3.225.2.t.11.f01. Brimstone Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 157.41. From the Cape of Good Hope: size of Fringilla Montifringilla: length near six inches: beak stout, above half an inch in length, and horn-coloured : head, neck, breast; and upper parts of the body olive-green: on the eye a yellow line: throat, belly, and vent yellow: quills and tail brown, all but the two middle feathers of the latter, which are entirely olive-green, margined with brown: legs brownish grey. 314 PHILIPPINE GROSBEAKe (Loxia philippina. ) L, fusca subtus albido flavicans, vertice pectoreque luteis, gula ~ Susca. Brown Grosbeak, beneath whitish’ yellow ; crown of the head and breast yellow; throat brown. Loxia philippina. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.305. 36.—Gmel. a6 Nat. 1. 860.—Griss. 3. 232. 6. t. 12. f. 1. mas. ¢. 18. f. 1.2. nidus. —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 380. 32. - Toucnam-courvi des Philippines, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 465. —3. 409. var. B.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 135. 2. mas. Philippine Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. ee 3. 129. 30.—Lath. Sz iia Sup. II, 193. 4. Tuts bird is said to be one of the most docile of ail known birds: it is in length five inches and a quarter: beak, capistrum, sides of the head be- neath the eyes, and chin brown: irides, crown of the head, hind part of the neck, back, and scapu- lars yellow, with a brown spot in the middle of each feather: rump brown, margined with white: fore-part of the neck and breast Selhow abdomen and vent yellowish white : wing-coverts and quills brown, the former edged with white, the latter with pale rufous: tail the same: legs yellowish: female with the upper parts brown, edged with rufous: under parts pale rufous: this bird is oc- casionally found with the sides of the head above the eyes black; the black and brown mixture on the back less distinct; and the greater wing- PHILIPPINE GROSBEAK. 315 coverts, quills, and tail greenish brown, edged with yellow. This bird may be rendered so very tame as to come.and perch on its master’s hand, or to fetch and carry like a dog at command: it is called Baya in India, where it is extremely common; it is also found in Abyssinia and the Philippine Islands; is said to feed on fire flies: it builds a very curious nest in the shape of a long cylinder - swelling out into a globose form in the middle: it is composed of the fine fibres of leaves and grass, and fastened by the end to the branch of a high tree, generally on the Palmyra, or Indian Figtree : the nest is said to have two or three divisions in it, of which the true nest is in the globose part ; the entrance is at the bottom of the long cylinder; it is generally suspended over water: the eggs, which resemble pearls, have the white part trans- parent when boiled, and are very delicious eating. 316 JAVA GROSBEAK., (Loxia oryzivora.) e L. fusca, temporibus albis, rostro rubro, capite caudaque nigris. Brown Grosbeak, with the temples white, beak red, head and tail black. Loxia oryzivora. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.302. 14.—Ameen. Acad. 4 243.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 850.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.380. 31. Coccothraustes sinerius cinerea. Briss. 3. 244. 12. t. 11. fi 2. Le Padda, ou I’Oiseau de Riz. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 463. —Edwards, 41, 42. Gros-bec de la Chine. Buff. Pl. Enl. 152.7. 1. Java Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.129. 29.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 151. Turis bird does great mischief to the rice-grounds in Java, and at the Cape of Good Hope, where it is very common; it is likewise supposed to be abundant in China, as it is often seen among Chi- nese paintings, and is called Hung-izoy. It is in length five inches: beak stout, and red: head and . throat black: sides of the head beneath the eyes white: eyelids red: upper parts of the body, neck, and breast, pale ash-colour : belly and thighs rose- colour: vent and under tail-coverts dirty white: tail black: legs flesh-colour: female with the edge of the wing, and under tail-coverts, white. Is well known by the name of Java Sparrow.’ a * JAVA GROSBEAK. yell IL 317 BRASILIAN GROSBEAK. _(Loxia brasiliana. ) L. fusca, subtus rufescens maculis albis nigro onguleis lunula nuche caudaque apice albis. Brown Grosbeak, beneath reddish with white spots adeadaned with black, with a collar round the neck, andy the apex of whe tail white. Loxia brasiliana. . Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 377. 19. Le Grivelin. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 461. 30. Gros-bec du Bresil. Buff. Pl, Enl. 319. f. 1. Brasilian Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 122. 18. Tuts bird is an inhabitant of Brasil; and is in length six inches: beak flesh-colour, thick, and short : head and chin red ; neck with a white ring, not meeting in front: breast, belly, and sides, reddish white, with a few white spots, more or less bordered with black: middle of the belly red: back and wing-coverts brown: quills and _ tail black; the coverts and secondaries tipped with pale reddish: end of the tail white: rump dusky. 318 BULLFINCH GROSBEAK. (Loxia Pyrrhula. ) L. cinerea, capite nigro, tectricibus caude remigiumgue — or albis. Cinereous Grosbeak, with the head black ; wing- shag and hinder part of the quills, white. Loxia Pyrrhula. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 300. 4.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 225.—Gimel. Syst. Nat. 1. 846.—Raii. Syn. 80. A.— Briss. 3. 308. 1.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 387.56. Bouvreuil. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 4.372. 17.—Buff: P# Ent. 145. Bullfinch. Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 116.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2.353. A. Albin. 1. 59. 60.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2.70.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 138.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 145. 51.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 152.— Montagu. Brit. Birds. 1. Tuts well known bird has.a black, short, and thick beak: irides dusky: the crown of the head black: upper part of the neck and back fine cine- reous grey: cheeks, breast, and belly, crimson: vent white: wing-coverts with a white line run- ning across just above the quills, which are dusky: rump white: tail black: female of a dirty brown ; except the crown of the head and rump, the former black, the latter white: young bird when just hatched very much resembles the female, except that they have no black on the head ; which, with the crimson on the breast of the male, appears about two months after leaving the nest. In con- finement this bird, if fed on hemp-seed, will often become entirely black: it is found quite white, with a tinge of blossom- colour on the top and sides of the head. BL © NIN \\ ae \ g \ \\ \ \\ YY \ \ BULLFINCH GRO SBEAK. aa \ g, BULLFINCH GROSBEAK. 319 This bird is a native of England, and constructs its nest in the thickest parts of a white or black- thorn hedge; it is composed of small dry twigs, lined with moss: the female lays five or six dirty blueish white eggs, marked with dark spots at the larger end: it breeds about the latter end of May. It is not gregarious, as seldom more than a brood is seen together : it is found in this country all the year, in the summer frequenting woods and retired places, and in the winter attacking the buds of trees in gardens and orchards. The wild notes of this bird are few, but extremely soft, and generally uttered so low as to escape a common observer: both male and female may be taught to whistle a variety of tunes, and also to articulate words; this is gener ally practised in Germany, from whence they are brought to London. It ap- pears to be found over most parts of the continent of Europe, throughout Russia and Siberia. They are called in some places Nopes, in others Thick- bills, Red-hoops, Tony-hoops, and Alps. It has been tried to breed this bird, but without success, _ as the male generally falls a victim to the fury of the female. 320 ORANGE GROSBEAK. (Loxia aurantia. ) L. fulva, pileo alis caudaque nigris. Fulvous Grosbeak, with the upper part of the head, wings, and tail, black. Loxia aurantia. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 853.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 390. 66. Le Bouvert. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4, 387. Bouvreuil de Bourbon et du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff. Pl. Enl. 204. f- 1. 2. Orange Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 146. 56. Tur Orange Grosbeak inhabits the Cape of | | Good Hope and the Isle of Bourbon: it is in length four inches and a half: beak dusky: crown of the head black: general colour of the plumage fine orange, with the wings and tail dusky black, bordered with orange, but with some of the inner quills white: legs pale red: female with the whole of the head and fore-part of the neck black: the under parts of the body white: the rest of the plumage dull orange, except the quills, which are orey. 32] WHITE-BILLED GROSBEAK. ( Loxia torrida. ) L. nigra, pectore abdomineque castaneis. Black Grosbeak, with the breast and abdomen chesnut. Loxia torrida. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 854.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 380. 61. Le Bouvreuil 4 bec blanc. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 388. White-billed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3, 146. 57. Tuts bird has nearly the whole body black ; the breast and belly only being chesnut: the two middle tail-feathers longest: the beak is some- times white: native of South America. BLACK GROSBEAK. (Loxia nigra. ) L. nigra, macula alba humeri basique remigium duarum exte- _ rlorum. Black Grosbeak, with a spot on the shoulder, and the base of the two outward quills white. Loxia nigra. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 306. 40.—Gmel. Syst. Nat, 1. 862.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 388. 59. Pyrrhula mexicana nigra. Briss. 3. 316. 3. Le Bouvreuil noir du Mexique. Buff. Hist. Nat, Ois. 4. 394. Black Grosbeak. Lath, Gen.-Syn. 3. 147. 60. Size of L. fusca: length five inches and a quar- ter: beak stout, deeply notched in the middle of “V. IX. P. Ile 22 392, NORTHERN GROSBEAK. the margin of the upper mandible, and black; as is the plumage in general, with the exception of a little white on the fore-part of the wing and base of the two first quills: legs black. From Mexico. NORTHERN GROSBEAK. (Loxia septentrionalis.) L. atra, macula alarum alba. Dark-coloured Grosbeak, with a white spot on the wing. Loxia septentrionalis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 865.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 388. 58. . Northern Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 8. 147. 59. Tue whole bird black, with the exception of a white spot on the wing: said to inhabit the north of Europe. . : 393 BROWN GROSBEAK. (Loxia fusca. ) L. fusca, subtus albida, remigibus a tertia ad nonam bast omnino albis. | Brown Grosbeak, beneath whitish, with the quills from the third to the ninth black at the base. Loxia fusca. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 307. 46.—Aman. Acad. 4, 245. 19.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 865.—Lath. Ind. 1. 389. 64. Brown Grosbeak, Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 147. 58. Inuapits. Africa and Bengal. Size of the Ca- nary bird: beak short, thick, and fead-coloured : head and upper parts of the body brown: under parts pale ash-colour: quills dusky black; the eight middle ones white at the base: vent pure white: tail dusky black, tipped with palish: legs pale. 324. THICK-BILLED GROSBEAK. (Loxia crassirostris.) | L. nigra, remigibus primoribus rectricibusque duabus intermedits bast albis, rostro gibboso. Black Grosbeak, with the primary quills and two middle tail- feathers white at the base; beak gibbous. Loxia crassirostris. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 862.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 390. 65. Thick-billed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3, 148. 0.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 152. Locarry unknown: described by Dr. Latham, from Mr. Tunstal’s Museum, as follows: ‘Size of a Bullfinch : length five inches and three quarters : the beak is of a large size, and deeper than it is long, being three quarters of an inch from the base on the forehead to that of the under jaw: the base of the upper mandible passes backward some way on the forehead; about one third from the tip is a deep notch; the colour of the beak a pale yellow: the plumage is wholly black, except the bottoms of the quills, which are white, forming a spot on the wing: tail two inches long; base of the middle feathers white: legs whitish.” 325 BLACK-BREASTED GROSBEAK. (Loxia pectoralis.) L. corpore supra fasciaque pectoralis nigris, subtus fasciaque ala- rum gemina alba. Grosbeak with the body above, and band on the breast, black ; beneath, and double band on the wings, white. Loxia pectoralis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 390. 67. Loxia americana. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 863. Black-breasted Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 148. 62. Tuts bird is said to inhabit America: it is the size of the least Titmouse: length not quite four inches: beak: black: prevailing colour of the plumage on the upper parts black: under parts _white, with the exception of a black band on the breast: wings with two white bands: above the black band on the breast is a narrow white cres- cent, extending nearly round the neck : tail black, and rounded: legs brown. 320 LINEATED GROSBEAK. (Loxia Lineola. ) L. ceruleo-nigra, linea frontali temporibus macula alarum cor- poreque subtus albis. Blue-black Grosbeak, with a line on the forehead; temples, spots _ on the wings, and body beneath white. Lexia Lineola. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 304. 25. —Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 854.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 390. 68. Pyrrhula africana nigra minor. Briss. 3. 388. 5.t.17.f. 1. Le Bouveron. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 388. Bouvreuil a plumes frisées. Buff. Pl. Enl. 319. 1. p. Lineated Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 149. 63. Or this bird the beak is gibbous and black, with a white spot on the base of the upper mandible, and a line of the same colour from the forehead to © the crown: upper parts of the body glossy blue- black: under parts white: base of the primary quills white, forming a spot of that colour on the wing, the rest of which is black: tail slightly forked and black: inhabits Asia. : : Buffon figures a very singular variety of this bird in the Planches Enluminées, with all the feathers on the under parts long and frizzled, which may probably be a distinct species. | 307, FERRUGINOUS GROSBEAK. ( Loxia ferruginosa.) L. Serrugined, rostrt bast jugulo macula abdominis pedibusque NIZTIS. Ferruginous Grosbeak, with the base of the beak, jugulum, spot on the abdomen, and feet, black. Loxia ferruginea. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. XLV. 3. Ferruginous Grosbeak, Lath. Syn, Sup. II. 196. 11. Is of the same size, and very much resembles L. Maja: base of the beak, chin, and throat, black : crown, nape, and sides of the head, white: upper parts of the body ferruginous; under parts paler; with a black spot on the abdomen, near the thighs: legs black: female above brown; below paler : alle black, with ferruginous edges: beak and legs black ; the former very stout in both sexes. Inhabits the East Indies. 328 FASCIATED GROSREAK. (Loxia fasciata.) L. testaceo-fusca nigro undulata, sub gula fascia sanguinea. | ‘Testaceous-brown Grosbeak, waved with black; beneath the throat a blood-coloured fascia. Loxia fasciata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. ee ae Ind. Orn. 1. 305. 87. Fasciated Grosbeak. Brown. I. 64, t. 27.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 156. 80,—Lath. Syn. Sup. 154. Tuts rare bird isin length above four inches and a half: beak blueish grey : crown of the head, hind part of the neck, back, and lesser wing-co- verts, pale brown, waved with black: cheeks brown, with a rich crimson band beneath, and a black line below that: breast and belly brown, with black undulations: quills black, secondaries tipped with pale cinnamon colour: tail black, with the whole of the inner web of the most ex- terior feather white ; and the rest of the feathers, except the two middle ones, with a white spot on the tip of the inner webs: legs flesh-colour : sup- posed to inhabit Africa: female much paler, and without the crimson band on the throat; the under parts pale cinnamon colour, and the white at the tip of the tail-feathers not so conspicuous as in the male. 329: STRIATED GROSBEAK. (Loxia striata.) L. fusca ferrugineo striata, subtus alba, jugulo nigro. Brown Grosbeak striated with ferruginous ; beneath white; ju- gulum black. Loxia striata. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.306. 37.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 861.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 386. 53. Coccothraustes borbonica. Briss. 3.243.11.¢. 13. fi 4. Gros-bec de l’Isle de Bourbon. Buff. Pl. Enl. 153. 1. Striated Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 142, 49. Tuts bird is scarcely larger than a Wren; not being four inches in length: head and upper parts of the body brown, with the shafts of the feathers rufous brown: throat, and fore-part of the neck, blackish: lower part of the neck, breast, abdomen, and vent, white: quills and tail blackish brown: beak dusky: legs blackish. Inhabits the Isle of Bourbon. . 330 _ COWRY GROSBEAK. (Loxia punctularia.) L. ferruginea, abdomine nigro albo maculato. Ru Ferruginous Grosbeak, with the abdomen white, spotted with black. ) , Loxia punctularia. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 302. 8.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 851.—-Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 386. 54. Coccothraustes javensis nevia. Briss. 3. 239. 9.¢. 13. fi 2. Gros-bec tacheté de Java. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 468.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 139. 1. | | Cowry Grosbeak. Edwards. 40.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 142. 50. Four inches and a quarter in length: beak and legs dusky: front and sides of the head, throat, and fore-part of the neck, chesnut: back of the head, and neck, back, upper tail-coverts, and rump, rufous brown; the feathers of the latter edged with grey: breast and sides marked with tear-shaped white spots, and dusky: belly in the middle, and vent, white; the former with a few black spots: native of Java. ; 331 MOLUCCA GROSBEAK. (Loxia molucca.) L. Fuscescens, capite, jugulo, rectricibusque nigris, subtus Hep y- gioque albo nigroque undulata. Brownish Grosbeak, with the head, jugulum, and tail-feathers black beneath, and with the rump waved with black and white. Loxia molucca. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 302. 17.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 851.—Lath, Ind, Orn. 1, 386. 52. Coccothraustes moluccensis. Briss. 3. 241. 10. t. 13./. 3. Gros-bec des Moluques. Buff. Pl. Enl. 139. 2. | Molucca Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 141. 48. From the Molucca Isles: in length four inches: beak dusky: hind part of the head, and upper parts of the body, brown: fore-part of the former, with the sides and front of the neck, black: under | parts of the body, from the breast to the vent, un- dulated with black and white in a transverse di- rection: rump the same: quills dark brown: upper tail-coverts and tail black : faut deep brown: legs brown. 332 MALACCA GROSBEAK. (Loxia malacca.) L. ferruginea, capite abdomineque nigris, rostro ceruleo. Ferruginous Grosbeak, with the head and abdomen black ; beak blueish. Loxia malacca. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 302. 16.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 851.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 385. 57. Coccothraustes javensis. Briss. 3. 237.8. t. 13.f- 1. Le Jacobin. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 3. 468.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 139. 8. 3. ? | White-breasted Indian Sparrow. Edwards. 3. 55. Malacca Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 140. 47. B. capite colloque inferiore nigris. | With the head and lower part of the neck black. Loxia malacea B. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 302. 16. Coccothraustes sinensis. Briss, 3. 257. 7. Chinese Sparrow. Edwards. 43. ; Malacca Grosbeak. var. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 141. A.—Lath, Sup. 152. Tue Malacca Grosbeak is in length six inches and a quarter: beak blueish ash: irides, head, neck, middle of the belly, thighs, and under tail- coverts, black: breast, and sides of the abdomen, white : back, wings, and tail, chesnut: legs brown: female not so bright, and with the thighs chesnut. _ The Chinese Sparrows of Edwards appear to be- long to this species, but if so, they are very di- stinct varieties : the male is of the same size; with the head, throat, and fore-part of the neck, black ; the rest of the plumage chesnut: beak and legs cinereous: the female has the top of the head, and DWARF GROSBEAK. 333 upper parts of the body, cinereous brown: the sides of the head, and under parts, reddish white : quills and tail blackish : legs flesh-colour : inhabits Java, China, and India; in the latter place it is called Mungul. DWARF GROSBEAK. (Loxia minima.) L. fusca, subtus testacea, remigibus primoribus basi, secundarits posterius albis. Brown Grosbeak, beneath testaceous, with the primary quills at the base, and the secondaries behind, white. Loxia minima. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 307. 45.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 865.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 396. 92. Dwarf Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn, 3. 158. 84.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 154, Tuts bird is common in India, China, Surinam, and Cayenne: it varies very much, and is the size of a Wren: the beak is short and thick: plumage above brown; beneath and with the rump testa- ceous: primaries white at the base; secondaries the same on the inside, towards the base: tail-fea- thers sharp and pale-coloured at the tip: some- times found with the legs and beak brown, the under parts rufous, and without any white on the wings ; and again with the under parts cinereous white ; with a yellowish mark between the beak and eye, the edge of the wing the same, with the beak and legs black. 334: MINUTE GROSBEAK. (Loxia minuta.) _ L. grisea, uropygio eb Serruginea, remigibus 4, 5, 6, bast atringue albis. Grey Grosbeak, beneath and with the rump ferruginous, with the fourth, fifth, and sixth quill-feathers on both sides white at the base. Loxia minuta, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.307. 47.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. }. 865.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 396. 90. Le Bec-rond a ventre roux. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 390. Minute Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 158. 83.. Tuis bird is one of the smallest of the genus ; and is hardly the size of a Wren: the beak is stout, thick, short, and brown: plumage above grey-brown; beneath and rump ferruginous; the fourth, fifth, and sixth quills white at the base ; 3 and the legs brown. This is an active little bird: it lives on fruits and seeds, and makes a round nest, composed of a reddish plant, and placed on the trees it fre- quents: the female lays three or four eggs, and is Said to be i insepar able from its mate: has a sharp cry like the Sparrow, and frequents uncultivated places. 335 PHYTOTOMA. PLANT-CUTTER. Generic Character. Rostrum conicum, rectum, *serratum. ; Nares ovate. Lingua brevis, obtusa. Pedes tetradactyli, digitis tri- bus anticis, uno postico. > Beak conic, straight, and ser- rated. : Nostrils ovate. Tongue short and obtuse. Feet with four toes, placed three before and one be- hind, ‘Tuere is but one species of this genus known : it is very destructive to plants, as it cuts them off close to the ground to get at the roots, upon which it feeds; and from this circumstance it has re- ceived the name of Plant-cutter. 336 CHILI PLANT-CUTTER. (Phytotoma Ra-ra.) _ Pu. griseo-obscura, remigibus rectricibusque albo maculatis. . Obscure-grey Plant-cutter, with the quills and tail-feathers spotted with white. 3 Phytotoma Rara. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 928.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 406. 1.—Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. XLIX. 1. Phytotome du Chili, ou Rara, Daudin, Orn, 2. 366. Chili Plant-cutter. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 212. 1. Tue Chili Plant-cutter is the size of a Quail: beak serrated on the edges, very strong, and pointed at the tip, in length half an inch: tongue very short, and obtuse : irides brown: upper parts of the body obscure dusky grey; under parts paler: quills and tail-feathers spotted with black : tail of moderate length, and rounded: feet with four toes, placed three before and one behind; the latter one much shorter than the rest. This bird is very common in Chili: it builds its nest in high trees, in sequestered places: its eggs are white, with red spots: it feeds on vegetables, preferring those parts that are near the root, and it digs about and cuts off the plants close to the ground with its beak, as if it had been done with a saw; for which it is much detested by the inha- bitants, as it does great mischief to their gardens : it has a rough voice, and is almost continually ut-_ tering the word Ra-ra very distinctly, from whence the specific name has arisen. HYREUS: HYREUS. Generic Character.. Rostrum conicum, rectum, serratum. Nares ovate. Lingua brevis, obtusa. Pedes tridactyli, digitis duo- | bus anticis, uno postico. Beak conic, straight, and ser- rated. Nostrils ovate. Tongue short and obtuse. Feet with three toes, placed two before and one bebind. \ ; I, have separated this bird from the genus _ Phytotoma, from its having but three toes, placed -two before and one behind, in the manner of the genus Tridactylia: it also differs from Phytotoma in living on the kernels of fruits, whereas the birds belonging to that genus feed on the roots of plants. vV. TX. PR, Th; 23 338 ABYSSINIAN HYREUS. (Hyreus Abyssinicus. ) Hy, niger, capite gula juguloque rubris ; tectricibus alarum fuscis, alba marginatis. Black Plant-cutter, with the head, throat, and jugulum red; wing-coverts brown, with white margins. Phytotoma Abyssinica. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. XLIX. 2. Phytotoma tridactyla. Daud. Orn. 2. 366. 2. Loxia tridactyla. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 397. 93. Le Guifso Balito. Buff. Hist. Nat, Ois. 3. 471. Three-toed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 159. Abyssinian Plant-cutter. Lath. ae ae II. 213. 2. t. 133. Tuts bird appears to vary in Some’ respects, as the descriptions given by Buffon and Daudin do — not exactly coincide. Mons. Buffon describes it. to have the head, throat, and fore-part of the neck, ~ of a beautiful red ; which colour reaches in a band down to. the pent the upper part of the neck, body, and tail, black: wing-coverts brown, with ® white edges : quills the same, with greenish edges: legs dull red: the wings-reach half way on the tail: the toes only three in number, placed two before, and one behind. Mons. Daudin says it is the size of the common Grosbeak: beak brown: the head and front of the neck red: the rest of the plumage black: shoulders brownish, with a green tinge: greater wing-coverts appearing like black scales, with the margins white, and tinged with olive: tail forked: legs brown: it is found — in Abyssinia, and, according to Mr. Bruce, it is a ee 7 Cz eo izes /, \ ae SS 2D of i) Lai Hye Myre ABYS SINIAN HYREUS. 2? cP? ABYSSINIAN HYREUS. 339 solitary species, and lives on the kernels of al- monds and other seeds, which it breaks with ease with its strong serrated beak : it frequents woods, and is called Guzfso batito dimmo-won jerck. 340 EMBERIZA. BUNTING. ' Generic Character. Rostrum conicum ; mandibu- || Bedk conic; the mandibles le basi deorsum a se invi- at the base stand a little cem discidentes; inferiore distant from each other ; lateribus inflexo-coarctata ; the under oné at the sides superiore angustiore, inter- bent in and straightened ; medio gibbo. the upper one narrowest, with a hard knob in the middle. Tue Buntings form a very interesting series of birds, living generally on seeds, for which their beak appears to be well*calculated, as it is strong, and has a hard knob in the roof of the upper mandible: some of them have a very fine song: there are seven species found in this country. SNOW BUNTING. a 341 SNOW BUNTING. (Emberiza nivalis. ) E. remigibus albis, primortbus extrorsum nigris, rectricibus nigris, leher ibis tribus albis. Bunting with the quills white, the primaries otttwardly black 5 tail-feathers cee the three outer ones white, Emberiza nivalis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 308. 1.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 227. 1.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 866.—Phil, Trans. 62. 403. 11. —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 397. 1. Hortulanus nivalis. Briss. 3. 285. Q. L’Ortolan de neige. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 329.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 497. 1. Pied Mountain Finch, Albin. Birds. 3. 71. Snow Bunting. Pen. Brit. Zool. 2. 122. 50.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2, 222. —Edwards. 126.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 71.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 161.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 157.—Bewickh. Brit. Birds. 1.148.— Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Mont. Sup, As this and the two following birds have been frequently confounded together, we shall give the descriptions of them from the Supplement to the Ornithological Dictionary by Mr. Montagu. The Snow Bunting is thus described: “ Beak yellowish, with the tip black: the whole head, neck, upper part of the back, and all the under parts white, except. a tinge of rust-colour on the forehead and back of the head; the rest of the’ back, scapulars, and tertials black, margined with rufous white: the upper tail-coverts white: the bastard wing black; the prime quills black half way from their points, except on the inner webs of some, their base and the whole of the seconda- 342, SNOW ’ BUNTING. ries pure white ; greater and smaller coverts, quite up to the ridge of the wing, white: the three outer feathers of the tail white, except a small- spot of black on the exterior web of the first, and the points of the shafts of the two others ; the rest are more or less black, margined, and tipped with white: legs, toes, and claws, black; the hinder claw slightly hooked.” } Dr. Latham mentions several varieties of this bird: one has the whole of the white parts tinged with yellow, and the throat and fore-part of the neck sprinkled with small brown spots: another has the whole of the under parts black:. and the last has a reddish beak: irides, head, throat, and neck, white; the latter with three circles, the upper one lead-coloured,; the next white, and the lowest blue: rest of the body reddish brown, mixed with greenish yellow: on the breast a blueish den-_ ticulated mark, inclining towards the belly : wing- coverts and ‘nile white, varied with Eihonit yellow and black: the outermost tail- fatlies but one black; the rest of the tail white : legs and claws deat colour. This hardy bird is an iababilan of the moun- tains of Spitzbergen, Greenland,. Lapland, Hud- son’s Bay, and other cold northern countries: in the Highlands of Scotland it is said to be extremely abundant, and is called Snowflake, as it appears in immense flocks in the snowy season, and is sup- posed to be the harbinger of severe weather, which drives it from its usual haunts. In America it ad- vances no farther to the south than Nova Scotia, SNOW BUNTING. 343 never having been found at New York: it is like- wise excessively rare in the south of England, but in Yorkshire and Northumberland it is frequently met with. Phipps, in his Voyage to the North, men- tions having seen immense numbers on the ice near the shores of Spitzbergen. The nest of this bird is said to be placed in the fissures of the mountain rocks, and to be composed of grass, with a layer of feathers inside, and another of the down of the Arctic Fox within that: the female lays five reddish-white eggs, spotted with brown: on its first arrival in this country it is very lean, but quickly grows very fat, when it becomes excellent eating: it sings very sweetly, sitting on the ground; and does not perch, but runs about like the Lark, which it very much resembles at first sight. The farther north it is found the whiter the plumage is supposed to be, as some specimens from Hudson’s Bay, where it is called Wapathecu- sish, have a great deal more white about them than the generality of those taken in Scotland. 344, TAWNY BUNTING. (Emberiza glacialis.) EB. nigra, pennis flavo-fusco marginatis, gula uropygiogue flaves- centibus, subtus alba flavo obscura maculata. Black Bunting, with the feathers yellow, margined with brown- ish ; throat and rump yell ores beneath white, with obscure yellow spots. Emberiza glacialis, Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 398. 2. Emberiza nivalis 8. Lin. Faun. Suec, 227. Emberiza mustelina. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 867. Tawny Bunting. Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 121.—Lewin. Brit. ag | 2. 72.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 164, 2.— Mont, Brit. Birds. Mont Sup.—Bewick. Brit, Birds. 1. 150.—Don. Brit. ae 2. 27. Tue Tawny Bunting, according to Mr. Mon- tagu, has the “ beak yellow, with a black point: the top of the head tawny, with a few dark ches-_ nut spots: neck pale dull yellow, the lower part before becoming of a bright tawny: chin and throat white: back and scapulars black, the fea- thers deeply margined with tawny, giving them a spotted appearance: rump tawny: two or three of the upper tail-coverts white: breast, and all beneath, white: the eight first. quills are white at their base; the black part (which is more or less slightly tipped and margined with white), occupies nearly the whole of the two or three first, and running oblique across the others, forms only a black tip to the eighth feather ; from which to the fourteenth are pure white, except a small dusky TAWNY BUNTING. 345 spot on the tips of the ninth and tenth ; those close to the body and their coverts black, deeply mar- gined with tawny: the greater and smaller coverts _of those quills which are white are of that colour, extending quite to the edge of the wing: the greater coverts of the primaries are like them, white, tipped with black : bastard wing black : the first and second quill-feathers are the longest, and the latter rather exceed the other: the three outer feathers of the tail on each side are white, except the tips of the outer webs of the two first, and the whole tip of the third, which are black, edged with yellowish white ; the fourth has only a little white at the base; the others are black, margined at the tip with pale tawny: legs and claws black; the hind claw not much hooked, nor much longer than the middle one: length seven inches: weight six drachms and a quarter.”? ‘The female appears to differ in having all the greater wing-coverts black, tipped with white; the lesser coverts black and grey mixed; and the quills with less white: spe- cimens taken in the depth of winter agreed with the above in every respect. This bird has generally been considered as a variety of the preceding, but the observations of Mr. Montagu appear to decide in favour of its being perfectly distinct: it is not very uncommon in De- vonshire, and some other counties of England: a female Mr. Montagu obtained alive was kept for some time in a cage; she preferred the seeds of Canary to any other, which made her grow so ex- cessively fat as to cause her death: she was shy to 346 MOUNTAIN BUNTING. the last, never removing by day from her perch but to feed, but by candle-light was continually running about the bottom of the cage, in the man- ner of a Lark: when alarmed, she uttered a mono- tonous chirp. In the last edition of Benaaitie British Zoology, this and the preceding species are brought toge- ther, the former as the winter, and the latter as — the summer plumage: but the circumstance of the Tawny Bunting being always taken in Devonshire during the winter seems to contradict the asser- tion, however well founded in fact it may. appear. MOUNTAIN BUNTING.- (Emberiza montana. ) E. cinerea, subtus flavescente-undulata, capite castaneo fronte sa- turatiore, gula alba, rectricibus trzbus extimis albis. Cinereous Bunting, beneath waved with yellowish; head ches- nut, darkest in front; throat white; the three outer tail-fea- thers white. : Emberiza montana. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 867.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 398. 3 ' Mountain Bunting. Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 123.—Lath, Gen. Syn. 3.165. 3.— Mont. Brit. Birds, 1.— Mont. Sup. Tue male of this bird Mr. Montagu describes as follows: “* Beak yellow, with the point dusky: the forehead, and part of the crown, chesnut, gra- dually decreasing backwards, becoming only a> tinge of that colour on the hind head: on the - MOUNTAIN BUNTING. 347 - cheeks a paler patch of the same: the back part of the neck, scapulars, back, and rump, cinereous grey, mixed with dusky, particularly on the back, © where the middle of the feathers possess more of the last colour: the upper tail-coverts are whitish, the largest immediately impending the tail dusky, broadly margined with grey: the whole under parts white, except a ferruginous bar on the upper part of the breast, very obscure in the middle: the six first quill-feathers dusky, slightly edged with grey on the outer webs, and on the points of the three last; the seventh has part of the inner web white half way from the base, anda slight streak of the same down the outer web close to the shaft; the eighth like the last, but the outer web is white, with dusky spots; from the ninth to the twelfth all white on the inner web, and down the outer web close to the shaft, with a dusky ‘margin; the two succeeding all white; those next the body dusky black, bordered with ferruginous : the smaller coverts are mottled dusky black and cinereous, the feathers being deeply margined with the latter; the last row of these next to the greater coverts -is tipped with white, forming a narrow band across the wing: the coverts immediately impending the quills much the same, tinged with ferruginous: the tail somewhat forked; the six middle feathers dusky black, margined with pale ferruginous brown; the fourth on each side the same, with a white stripe down the inner web near the shaft; the two outer all white, except half the outer web towards the tip, which is dusky: legs 348 ‘ MOUNTAIN BUNTING. and claws black; the hind claw slightly hooked, and »early double the length of any other.”’ The supposed -female of this bird, which was shot at the same time with the above, is said by Mr. Montagu to have ‘‘ the forehead and crown deep chesnut-brown: cheeks the same, but paler : the rest of the head above, back of the neck, sca- pulars, back, rump, and tail-coverts, ferruginous brown, more or less mottled with dusky, as the middle feathers are more or less of that colour, and of which the upper part of the back is most predominant, and least on the upper tail-coverts: | chin and throat dirty white: upper part of the breast crossed by a band of dull chesnut, above which the feathers are pale, tipped with dusky, giving a speckled appearance to that part; the rest of the under parts sullied white: the wings are nearly similar in marking to those of the male, especially the smaller coverts; but the white in the quill-feathers is less, not one of which is without some dusky towards their tip, and the brown parts incline to ferruginous ; the spurious wing like that of the male, but not so full a black: the tail is dusky, with a ferruginous tinge on the lighter borders: the two outer feathers like those of the other sex, but the fourth from the centre wants the white on the inner web close to the shaft.” This bird is much rarer than either -of the fore- going: it has occasionally been taken in severe snowy weather, on the Mendip Hills, Somerset- shire, and likewise in Yorkshire and Northamp- tonshire. There can be no doubt that this and E. ORTOLAN BUNTING. “349 glacialis are distinct from the Snow Bunting, as they have been taken at various places at the same seasons of the year, very nearly corresponding with the above description, and never running into each other sufficiently to mistake them. ORTOLAN BUNTING. (Emberiza Hortulana.) E. remigibus nigris, pennis tribus margine albidis, rectricibus nigris, lateralibus duabus extrorsum albis. Bunting with the quills black, the three outer feathers with whitish margins; tail-feathers black, the two lateral ones ex-~ ternally white. Emberiza Hortulana. Lin, Syst, Nat. 1. 309. 4.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 229.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 869.—Lath. Ind. Orn. i. S390. 8. Hortulanus. Briss. 3. 260. 4. L’Ortolan. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 305. t. 14.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 7 ae Ortolan Bunting. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 367. p.—Aibin. 3. 50.— Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 166. 5.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 157. Tuts bird, which is rather less than the Yellow- hammer, is very variable : it is in length six inches and a quarter: beak yellowish: head and neck ci- nereous olive, yellowish round the eyes: throat yellowish, with a cinereous border on each side beneath the jaw: under parts pale rufous, palest towards the vent: back and scapulars brownish chesnut, with the middle of the feathers blackish ; towards the rump the chesnut predominates: wing- 350 ORTOLAN BUNTING. feathers brown, darkest in the middle; some of them with grey, and others with rufous edges: outer tail-feathers edged and tipped with white ; the next tipped with white on the inner edge; the rest of the tail deep brown with rufous margins: legs yellowish: female has the head and neck of an ash-colour, with each feather marked with small blackish lines down the shaft. This bird often occurs entirely white, but sometimes with only the tail white: it is also found all tinged with straw-colour, except the edges of the wings and quill-feathers, which are white; and again with the head and neck greenish, and the rest of the body blackish. | This bird builds its nest in a low hedge, or on the ground; it is composed of dry bents, mixed with leaves, and is very carelessly constructed: the female lays four or five greyish eggs, and ge- nerally has two broods a year: it sings very pret- tily, and is often confined for that purpose: These birds are found over great part of Europe, but have not been taken in this country: ‘in their passage from one part to the other, they are taken in great quantities for the use of the table, after being fat- tened for the purpose ; which is very easily date by putting them in a dark room with plenty of oats and millet, which will make them so very fat, as to kill them if the feeders did not: they are said to be one of the most exquisite morsels known: they then weigh about three ounces; and will often get fat by frequenting oat fields, but they are not so fine as when fattened artificially. 3 ae grrcey Res UG? / eA renal Spe vs AC ny) { Cd P Wire 3A 4 4 eyes Hee SCZ, 4; UGA S SS NS tty \y YELLOW BUNTING. (‘BZ Z GIP 4 Y Y, AN \\ \ A \ S SSS SESS SS SSS SSS —Sos ASS <> POSS SSS Ye LILOw IBUNTING. Var. | co cs Cr = YELLOW BUNTING, (Emberiza Citrinella.) E. rectricibus nigricantibus, extimis duabus latere interiore macula alba acuta. Bunting with the tail-feathers blackish, and with the two outer ones on the inner webs with an acute white spot. Emberiza Citrinella. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 309. 5.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 230.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 870.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1 4.00. 7. Emberiza flava. Briss. 3. 258. 1. Le Bruant. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4, 342. 8.—Buff. Pl. Enl, 30. cpa ks Yellow Bunting. Pen. Brit. Zool. 119. 50.—Pen. yer Zool, 2. 367. c.—Albin. Birds. 1. 66.—Lewin. Brit. Birds, 2.73.— Lath. Gen. Syn. 3, 170.—Lath. Sup. 157.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Don: Brit. Birds. 5. 119.—Bewick: Brit. Birds. 1. 143. Tue Yellow-hammer, or Yellow Yowley, is ra- ther more than six inches in length: beak dusky : irides hazel : prevailing colour yellow, mixed with various shades of brown: the crown of the head bright yellow, more or less variegated with brown: atecks! throat, and lower part of the belly, pure yellow: breast reddish, and the sides dashed with streaks of the same colour: hind part of the neck, and back, greenish olive: lesser quills and scapu- lars dark brown, with grey edges; greater quills dusky, with pale yellow edges: tail dusky, slightly forked, the feathers edged with light brown; the outermost with white: legs yellowish brown: fe- male with less yellow about the head, and the co- lours in general less vivid: young bird without 352 YELLOW BUNTING. - any yellow about it when it first leaves the nest. This is subject to very great variety, as seldom two are found perfectly similar; but the descrip- tion above given will enable any one to ascertain the species. : This bird is one of the most common indigenous species, and is to be seen in every lane and on every bush, uttering its simple song, which consists of five or six notes, of which the ee: is more length- ened and shrill than the others. It makes an art- less nest of hay, dried roots, and moss, lined with hair and wool. - Its eggs vary very much in colour and size, some being nearly white, others purplish blue, but all marked with ‘hair-like streaks termi- nating in aroundish speck;-they are generally four in number. In winter it assembles with other gra- nivorous birds, and picks up the grain dispersed by the flail: it is a tame, silly species; but is never. caged on account of its song, which is far from pleasing. It appears to be abundant over most parts of Europe, and in Italy i is Peed as eX- cellent food. The Green-headed Bunting of Dr. Latham ap- pears to be.merely a variety - the female of this species, as that sex has often been taken with the whole head and neck greenish yellow; and from the circumstance of its being found in this country, and only one specimen having occurred, there can be little or no doubt of its identity. | G5s YELLOW-WINGED BUNTING. (Emberiza chrysoptera.) E., rufo-fusca, subtus alba, pectore tectricibusque alarum minori- bus flavis, jugulo fascia fusca, Reddish-brown Bunting, beneath white, with the breast and lesser wing-coverts yellow. jugulum with a brown band. Emberiza chrysoptera. Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 401. 9. Yellow-winged Bunting. ee Voy. 35. —Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. 199. 1. eo ctars Ghayialllne: Wess abouts six’ inches and a half in length: beak brown: sides of the head, chin, and fore-part of the neck, white; at the lower part of the latter there is a reddish brown collar-like bar: upper parts of the body reddish brown: breast yellowish : belly and vent dusky white: lesser wing-coverts yellowish; the rest of the wing reddish brown, the feathers with yellowish margins: tail the same, but the two ex- terior feathers on each side yellow: legs yellow: female with the lesser wing-coverts pale ash: sides of the head, chin, and throat, dusky white. x. P. Il. 24. 354: YELLOW-FACED BUNTING. (Emberiza flaveola. ) E. grisea, fronte gulaque flavis. Grey Bunting, with the forehead and throat yellow. Emberiza flaveola. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 311. 14.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 879.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 410. 36. , La Flaveole. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 363. Yellow-faced Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 195. 32. Tuts is the size of a Siskin; and is wholly grey, with the exception of the forehead and throat, which are yellow: said by Linnzus to inhabit warm countries, but the precise place is unknown. 359 FOOLISH BUNTING. (Emberiza Cia.) E. rufescens, capite lineis nigricantibus sparsis, superciliis albis. Reddish Bunting, with the head sprinkled with Mace lines, supercilia white. Emberiza Cia, Lin. Syst. Nat.1. 310. 11.—Gmel. nee Nat. 1. 878.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 402. 11. Emberiza fratensis. Briss. 3.266. 3. Cirlus stultus. Rai. Syn. 94. 5. Le Bruant fou, ou de prés. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 351.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 30. f. 2. Foolish aca Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 191. 27. ‘Tuts has the oak dusky: head ash-coloured, sprinkled with black, with its sides grey: over the eyes a white streak: from the beak passing through the eyes a black one; from the base of the under jaw is another passing in the direction of the jaw, and bending upwards: upper parts of the body rufous grey, with a blackish spot down the middle of each feather: under parts more or less of a rufous colour: throat almost white: breast inclining to cinereous: quills dusky with whitish edges: tail black; the two outer feathers beyond the middle white, with black shafts: middle ones brown, with rufous margins. ‘Female with a ci- nereous line on the crown, varied on the edges with black and ferruginous: a white line on the _ temples, and a black one from the eyes to the base of the jaws: neck in front ash-coloured: 356 CIRL BUNTING. breast. and belly ferruginous : : back reddish, varie- gated with black: wings cinereous at the base: tail blackish; the two middle feathers brown; the two outer ones half white. This species frequents the mountainous parts of the south of Europe ; but is not found in Russia or the west of Siberia: is. very solitary, and has obtained the appellation of Foolish Sparrow, as it will go into any snare laid to entrap it: it is very common, and has a trifling note not unlike the words oe ZU. CIRL BUNTING. — (Emberiza Cine) E. supra varia, eis lutea, pectore maculato, aeagiie: luteris, rectricibus duabus extimis macula alba cuneata. Bunting varied above, yellow beneath, with a spot on the breast, and line above the eyes yellow, and the two outer tail- feathers with a white wedge-shaped spot. Emberiza Cirlus.—Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 311. 12. —Gmel piSuet Nat: 1. 879.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 401. 10. : Emberiza sepiaria. Briss. 3. 263. 2. Le Bruant de haye. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 347.—Buff. Pl. Fl l655, fui aed 123! : : Cirl Bunting.— Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 190. 26.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Mont. Sup.—Lin. Trans. 7. 276. Tue Cirl Bunting is six inches anda half in length: beak of a blueish lead-colour above, pale beneath : irides hazel: crown of the head, nape of — \ “DNIWLN AYE IRMOL SD STs = - S SSW SSS SS Sw S SSS CIRL BUNTING. S37 the neck, and upper part of the breast, fine olive green, the first streaked with dusky: from the upper mandible through the eye a dusky line; above and beneath which is a bright yellow one: throat black, tinged with brown, running into a bar under the yellow on the cheek; beneath this is a beautiful bright yellow gorget: back and scapular fine chesnut brown, the former marked with dusky streaks, and the feathers margined with olive : lesser wing-coverts olive green: greater co- verts dusky, with their outer webs chesnut brown : primaries dusky, edged with green on the outer webs: secondaries chesnut, dusky down the mid- dle: rump olive brown: upper tail-coverts inclining to chesnut: across the breast a band composed of chesnut and yellow: belly and under tail-coverts yellow, the latter with dusky shafts: sides inclin- ing to brown: under wing-coverts bright yellow : ‘two middle tail-feathers chesnut-brown, the rest black; except the two outer ones, which have _an oblique white bar half way from the tip, and the outermost one being white throughout the whole of its exterior web: legs brown: claws dusky. Female similar to the male on the upper parts, but the colours less vivid: the under yellow, ‘streaked with dusky, and inclining to white at the chin and vent. . This species was first discovered to be an inha- bitant of this country by Mr. Montagu ; who has often taken them in the neighbourhood of Knights- bridge, and who likewise says they are to be found over most parts of Devon and Cornwall : their nests $58 CIRL BUNTING. are generally built in some low bush or furze, and composed of dry stalks, roots, and’a little moss, and lined with long hair and fibrous roots: their egos are four or five in number, of a cinereous white, with irregular curved dusky lines, terminating 1 ina spot at one end: these birds pair in April, and begin to layin May: the food of the young birds appears to be insects, but they show the greatest partiality to grasshoppers: they will likewise eat various seeds, of which canary is the favourite : the male has a shrill and piercing monotonous song, which it is continually repeating; the female has only a gentle plaintive chirup. They are said to be abundant in France, Italy, and other warm parts of Europe, frequenting newly plowed lands, feeding on grain, worms and insects, which they pick out of the ground: they are easily tamed, and will live above six years: the female of this bird is extremely like that of the Yellow- hammer, which may have been the cause of its not having been observed till lately, as it is very abundant in the west of England: its note is also similar, 359 PASSERINE BUNTING. (Emberiza passerina. ) E. grisco-fusca, subtus cinerascens, vertice medio jugulo tectrici- busque nigris rectricibus, duabus extimis albo nigroque dimidiatis. Grey-brown Bunting, beneath ash-coloured; crown of the head, middle of the jugulum, and tail-coverts black; two outer tail- feathers half black and white. Emberiza passerina. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. poet Laan Ind, Orn. 1. 403,14. 3 Passerine Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 196. 35. Tuis bird inhabits Russia, frequenting the Jaick in autumn, and in the winter migt ating in pairs to the south: it is very tame; and is the size of the Reed Sparrow: head dull Ree tate ash-colour ; with some of the feathers on the crown black : on each side of the chin a white line, and behind the eye a pale streak: middle of each feather on the back black, with the edges grey brown: wings ferruginous with yellowish margins: fore-part of the neck black, the feathers edged with paler co- lour ; the rest of the under parts cinereous white, lotehied on the sides with pale ferruginous: tail slightly forked, black; the two middle feathers edged with ferruginous; the two outer ones mark- ed. obliquely with black and white, the most outer nearly to the base, and the other about half way : shafts black in both: legs pale brown. 360 COMMON BUNTING. (Emberiza miliaria. ) E. grisea, subtus nigro-maculata, orbitis rufis. Grey Bunting, beneath spotted with black, orbits red. Emberiza miliaria. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 308. 3.—Lin. Faun, Suec. 228.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 868.—Lath.. Ind. Orn. 1. 402. 12. Emberiza alba. Razz. Syn. 93. A. 1. Cynchramus. Briss. 3. 292. 10. Le Proyer. Buff. Hist. Nat. Orn. 4. 355.t. 16-— Buf Pl. Enl. 233. Bunting. Pen. Brit. ee) 118.—Pen, Arct. Zool. 3. 366. B.— Albin. Birds. 2. 50.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 74.—Lath. Gen. Syn. B. 171.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Mont. Sup.—Don. Brit. Birds. 3. 50.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 141. - Iv length about seven inches and a half: beak brown: irides hazel: prevailing colour similar to a Lark : head and upper parts light brown, inclining to olive: under parts yellowish white, with a dusky line down each feather, the belly excepted, which is quite plain: quills dusky with lighter edges: upper coverts tipped with white: tail slightly forked and dusky : legs pale brown: female rather paler in colour. These birds are common in England, Selita in those parts that abound with corn, and are rarely found in uncultivated places: in the winter they assemble in vast flocks; and are often taken in nests, and brought to market, where they are sold for Larks, but may easily be distinguished by the knob in the roof of the mouth: they are very fine COMMON BUNTING. 361 eating. The female builds her nest on a tuft of dead plants, about four or five inches from the ground ; it is composed externally of straw, and in- ternally of dry grass, and a few long hairs: she lays five or six dirty white eggs, spotted with red- dish brown and ash-colour; and during her incu- bation the male brings her food, and entertains her — with his frequently repeated scream, sitting on the highest branch of a bush, or even on the top of a « dock. . These birds remain the whole year in England, but on the continent they migrate, as they depart from France with the swallow: are found in abun- dance near Rome, and over great part of Europe: their food consists principally of grain, but they eat a great variety of insects. 362 REED BUNTING. (imberiza Scheeniclus. ) E. capite nigro, corpore griseo nigroque, rectrivibus extimis: mMa~ cula alba cunetformi. Bunting with a black head, black and grey body, the outer tail- _ feathers with a wedge-shaped white spot. _ Emberiza Scheeniclus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.311. 17. iS ai, Faun. Suec. 231.—Gmel. at Nat. 1. 881.—Lath. Ind. Orn.1. 403. 13. Passer torquatus, seu arundinaceus. Briss. 3. 274. 5. Ortolan de roseaux. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. sre Pl. Enl. 247. 2. male. 477. 2. female. Reed Bunting. Pen. Brit. Zool. 120.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 368. E.— Albin. Birds. 2. 51.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 75.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3,173. 9.— nth. Syn. Sup. 157. —Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Bewich. Brit. Birds. 1. 145. 7 HE ackcleadew or Reed, Bunting is about the size of the Yellow-hammer: its irides are hazel : the head, throat, fore-part of the neck, and breast black ; divided by a white line from each corner. of the beak, passing downwards and meeting on 3 the back part of the neck, which it nearly encircles: upper parts of the body and wings reddish brown, each feather with a black streak down the middle: under parts white, with brownish streaks on the sides: quills dusky, margined with brown: rump and upper tail-coverts blueish ash-colour, mixed with brown: two middle tail-feathers black, with pale brown edges; two outer ones almost white,. the ends tipped with brown, and the bases black; COMMON BUNTING. IO IREED BUNTING. REED BUNTING. 363 the rest wholly black: legs and feet dusky brown. Female rather less: head rufous brown, streaked with dusky: from each side of the under mandible a dusky line passes under the neck, where it joins, and forms a bed of that colour: behind the eye a light-coloured mark: breast streaked with reddish brown: rump olive brown: head without the white ring of the male: young birds do not receive the black on the head till the ensuing spring. This bird does not, as was formerly supposed, suspend its nest between four reeds within a few feet of the water; but generally places it on the ground at a little distance from water, and occa- sionally in a bush, in high grass, or in a furze, at a great distance from any water: it is composed. of stalks of grass, moss, and fibres, lined with fine grass. The eggs are four or five in number, of a dirty blueish white, or purplish brown, with many dark-coloured spots and veins. Dr. Latham, as well as other ornithologists, have mistaken the song of the Sedge Warbler for that of this bird, which is only a sort of chirp, and will not bear the name of a song: with this chirp the male will en- tertain the female for several hours during the time of incubation, whilst sitting upon some tall tree. They remain in England the whole year, but on the continent they appear to migrate between Sweden and Italy ; passing in the spring and au- tumn over the province of Lorrain. 364 BLACK-CROWNED BUNTING. _(Emberiza atricapilla. ) E. rufo -fusca, subtus cinerea, gula alba, vertice luteo, paar strigaque per oculos ad nee NUBTES, >) ae - Rufous-brown Bunting, beneath ash-coloured, with the ee white; crown yellow; sinciput, and a through oe eyes ’ towards the nape, black. Emberiza atricapilla. Gre Syst. Nat. 1. $75.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 415. 57. Black-crowned Bunting. Pen. Wok Hoel: 2. 230. —Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.202. 49. t. 45. LreyecTH abouts seven inches: beak short, dusky: crown of the head yellow: forehead black ; with a stripe of that colour passing from thence ae the eye to the hind head, which is cinereous : body. above reddish brown, the shafts of each feather darkest ; wing-coverts and quills with paler edges: chin dirty white : throat and breast cinereous ; the upper part of the latter black : belly the same, with yellowish buff stripe down the middle: tail plain brown, even at the end: legs brown: claws dusky. Female without the yellow spot on the crown. In- habits the Sandwich Islands and Nootka Sound. Aig (Emberiza cyanopsis.) E. viridis, subtus dorso infimo uropygioque rufa, fronte genis gu- laque ceruleis, tectricibus caude abdomineque medio rubros. Green Bunting, beneath and with the lower part of the back and rump rufous; forebead, cheeks, and throat, blue; tail- coverts and middle of the abdomen red. Emberiza cyanopsis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 886. —Tiath. Ind. Orn. LoAly, 6454.4 : Chloris javensis. Briss, 3. 198. 57. t. 7. f. 4. Le Toupet bleu. Buff. Hist. Nat. O1s. 4. 179. Blue-faced Bunting, Lath. Gen. ME 3. 209. 56. Tuts species has a very great affinity to E. qua- dricolor, and inhabits the same place ; but is much less, being only four inches in length: beak lead- coloured : forehead, cheeks, and throat, fine blue, gradually changing into rufous towards the breast, which is of the latter colour: plumage on the upper — parts green; with the lower part of the back and rump rufous: belly, sides, and thighs, the same : upper tail-coverts, and middle of the belly, red: quills brown, with green margins: the two middle tail-feathers green, the rest brown, all of them edged with red: legs grey. 407 INDIGO BUNTING. (Emberiza cyanea.) E. cyanea, vertice saturatiore, remigibus rectricibusque fuscis ce= ruleo marginatis. Blue Bunting, with the top of the head darkest ; quills and tail- feathers fuscous, margined with blue. Emberiza cyanea, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.876.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 416. 60. Tanagra cyanea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.315. Tangara carolinensis cerulea. Briss. 3. 13. 6. Le Ministre. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 86. Blue Linnet, Edwards. 273. lower figure. Indigo Bunting. Pen. Arct, Zool, 2, 235.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 205. 53. Leneru five inches: beak deep lead-colour : the whole of the plumage bright blue; darkest on the top of the head: greater quills brown, with blue edges: tail brown, with a slight tinge of blue: legs brown. Female similar to a Linnet in colour: and during the moulting time the male resembles her, and is only to be distinguished by the edge of the wing being deep brownish blue; whereas that part in the female is greenish brown. This bird is said to sing very sweetly, like the Linnet: it is generally found in the inner parts of Carolina, frequenting the mountains: it appears in New York in the beginning of April, and affects orchards during the time of flowering : it feeds on millet : it is called in Carolina the Parson, and the Bishop; and in Mexico, Azul lexos, or far- fetched Blue bird. 408 BLUE BUNTING. (Emberiza czerulea.) E. ce@rulea rufo varia, subtus dilutior, vertice rufo, tectricibus alarum majoribus remigibus caudaque fuscis. Blue Bunting varied with rufous; beneath paler; crown of the head rufous; greater wing-coverts, quills, and tail, brown. Emberiza cerulea, Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 876.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 415, 59. ne Emberiza canadensis cerulea, Briss. 3. 298, 12. t..14.f. 2. L’Azuroux. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 369. Blue Bunting. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 234.—-Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 205. 52. Tuis bird has the beak pale: the crown dull rufous: the upper parts of: the neck and body rufous and blue mixed; under parts the same, but the rufous colour very pale: greater coverts, quills, and tail, brown, with the outer edges ru- fous: legs pale brown. Native of Canada. 4.09 GREEN BUNTING. (Emberiza viridis. ) E, viridis, subtus alba, remigibus caudaque ceruleis. Green Bunting, beneath white, with the quills and tail cerulean. Emberiza viridis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 886.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 417. 65. , Chloris indica minor. Briss. 3. 197. 56. Le Pavement bleu. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 181. Green Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 209. 57. Tuis is the size of the Greenfinch : beak green- ish brown: upper parts of the plumage green; under parts white: quills and tail blue, with the shafts white: legs black. Inhabits the East Indies; and very likely China, as it has occurred among Chinese drawings, with very little variation from the above. 410 VARIED BUNTING. (Emberiza mixta.) E. grisea, pectore gulaque ceruleis, abdomine albo. Grey Bunting, with the breast and throat blue, and abdomen white, Emberiza mixta. Amen. Acad. 4. 245. 20.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 416. 62. ; Varied Bunting. Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. 202. 9. Size of Fringilla Spinus: beak pale and stout: prevailing colour of the plumage grey ; but mixed so much with blue, that in some lights that colour- appears to predominate: the sides of the head, throat, breast, and shoulders, blue-green: belly white, the feathers brown at the base: thighs grey, mixed with blueish: legs pale: inhabits China. 411 PLATA BUNTING. (Emberiza platensis. ) E. fusco-virescens, subtus cinereo-alba, dorso nigro maculato, oris — alarum extus remigibus rectricibusque flavo marginatis. Brownish-green. Bunting, beneath ash-coloured white; back spotted with black; outer part of the wing, quills, and tail- feathers edged with yellow. Emberiza platensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 886.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 417. 66. . ' L’Emberise 4 cing couleurs. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ovs. 4. 364. Plata Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 210. 58. Tue Plata Bunting is one of the largest of the genus, being eight inches in length : the beak ash- coloured, convex, and pointed: irides chesnut: upper parts of the body greenish brown, approach- ing to yellow, but dullest on the head and rump ; back with a few black marks: under parts of the body greyish white-: edge of the wing bright yel- low: quills and outer tail-feathers margined with the same: legs lead-coloured. Found at Buenos Ayres, on the river Plata. 4192 CRIMSON BUNTING. (Emberiza rubra.) E, coccinea, cervice dorsoque olivaceo nigroque variegatis, strigis coccineis sparsis ; abdomine cinereo, remigibus rectricibusque nigris. Crimson Bunting, with the upper part of the neck and back va- riegated with olive and black, sprinkled with crimson ; abdo- men ash-coloured; quills and tail-feathers black. -Emberiza rubra. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 877.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. A0Q. 33. Moineau de l’isle de France. Buff. Pl. Enl. 665. f. 1. 2. Crimson Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 194. 30. Size of the House Sparrow: beak dusky: hind part of the neck and breast variegated with black and olive, with a few dashes of crimson; of which latter colour the head, breast, upper tail-coverts, thighs, and rump are: lower part of the breast, belly, and vent, cinereouss wings dusky, the mar- gins of the feathers pale: quills and tail black, with greyish green edges: legs pale flesh-colour. Inhabits the Isle of France. 413 CRIMSON-BELLIED BUNTING. (Emberiza coccinea. ) E. corpore supra argenteo subtus coccineo, crisso albo, rostro capite remigtbusque nigris, postremis occipite et cauda ex atro cerulets. | Bunting with the body above silvery, beneath crimson; vent white; beak, head, and quills, black; hinder part of the oc- ciput and tail of a dark blue. Emberiza coccinea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 873.—Lath. Ind. Orn. lL. 410. 34. Crimson-bellied Bunting. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 200. 3. Founp in the woods at Baden in Germany: about the size of the Yellow Bunting: beak, head, eyes, and a streak beneath the beak, black: occi- put black, with a blue gloss: body above silvery grey ; beneath bright crimson : wings with a white spot: vent white: tail similar to the occiput. 414 TOWHE. BUNTING. (Emberiza erythropthalma.) E. nigra rubro relucens, abdomine rufescente, macula alarum alba. Black Bunting, shining with red, abdomen rufescent, and spot on the wings white. Emberiza erythropthalma. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 874. —Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. , Fringilla erythropthalma. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 318.6. Fringilla carolinensis, Briss. 3. 169. 44. Le Pingon noir aux yeux rouges. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois, 4.141. Towhe Bunting. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 224.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 199. 43. Tuts species frequents the most shady woods of Carolina: itis known by the name of the American Bullfinch, and is inlength eight inches: beak brown: irides red: head, throat, neck, back, wing-coverts, quills, rump, and tail, black ; the quills with whitish edges: breast white in the Hid alte: the other parts of it, with the belly, sides, chistes and under tail- coverts, dull red: tail slightly forked: legs brown: female entirely brown, except a slight red tinge on the breast. | This is a very restless bird, and has only a twit- tering note : it generally appears in pairs. 415 RED-EYED BUNTING. | ienene Calfat.) E. cinerascens, capite gulaque nigris, pectore abdomineque vina- ceis, regione oculorum nuda rosea, lateribus capitis fascia alba, Cinerascent Bunting, with the head and throat black; breast and abdomen vinaceous; region of the eyes naked and rose-co- loured; sides of the head with a white band, Emberiza Calfat. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 887.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1, 418. 68. Le Calfat. Buff. Hist. Nat. Oss: 4. 371. Red-eyed Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 210. 60. Tuts bird inhabits. the Mauritius, and is there called Calfat: it is rather larger than a Linnet: beak and irides rose- elorccdr head and throat black: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, blueish-ash ; the tail with black margins: breast and belly vinaceous: from the gape of the mouth to the back of the head a white stripe : space round the eyes bare of feathers, and rose-coloured, as are the legs: under tail-coverts white. 416 BOURBON BUNTING. ( Emberiza borbonica. ) E. rufo-rubra, alis caudaque fusco-rubris. . Rufous-red Bunting, with the wings and tail fuscous-red. Emberiza borbonica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.886.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 418. 67. seh Le Mordore. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 4.366. Bruant de l’isle de Bourbon. Buff: Pl. Enl. 321. f. 2. Bourbon Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.210.59. Asout the size of the Yellow Bunting : in length five inches and a half: beak brown: the whole bird, | except the wings and tail, bright rufous-red : wings and tail dusky red; legs the same, with a yellow tinge. Native of Bourbon. - | 4.17 GREY BUNTING. (Emberiza grisea.) E. grisea, tectricibus alarum pectoreque rubro variegatis. Grey Bunting, with the wing-coverts and breast variegated with red. Emberiza grisea. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 887.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 418.70. : Emberiza surinamensis. Briss. 3. 302. 15. Le Gonambouch. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ors. 4.366. ° Grey Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 211. 62. _ Very common at Surinam: size of a Lark: length five inches: head grey: the whole of the body the same, but paler; except the wing-coverts and breast, which are inclined to reddish: quills white within; externally grey, variegated -with red: tail similar to the quills. This bird is very fond of maize, and sings nearly as fine as a nightingale; called by the natives of Surinam Gonambucho. wo Ih Ps It , O8 ~s 418 WHIDAH BUNTING. _ (Emberiza paradisea.) E, fusca, pectore rubro, rectricibus intermediis quatuor elongatis acuminatis, duabus longissimis, rostro nigro. Brown Bunting, with the breast red; the four middle tail-fea- thers elongated and acuminated, the two outer of which are very long; beak black. ! -Emberiza paradisea, Lin. Syst. Nat, 1. 312. 19.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 882.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 405. 20. Vidua. Briss. 3. 120;25<4.,8. f- I. v5 La Veuve a collier d’or, Buff.. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 155. 6. Grande Veuve d’Angola. Buff. Pl. Enl.-194. Red-breasted long-tailed Finch. Edwards. 86. Whidah Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 178. 15. Tuis singular bird is less than the Hedge Spar- row : beak lead-coloured : irides hazel: head, chin, and fore-part of the neck, back, wings, and tail, black: hind-part of the neck pale orange: breast and upper part of the belly the same, but brighter:. lower belly and thighs white: vent black: two middle tail-feathers four inches long, placed ver- tically, undulated across, and more glossy than the others, broad, and ending in a long thread; thenext two above thirteen inches in length, very broad in the middie, but narrow and rather pointed at the tips, with a long thread arising about. the middle of the shaft ; the rest only two inches and a quarter in length: legs flesh-colour: female wholly of a deep brown ; but does not obtain the full plumage Mi ; J) 4 q a VARIEGATED BUNTING. LONG-TAILED BUNTING. 419 for three years: in the winter the male resembles the young female. : _ This is common at Angola, Whidah, and other parts of Africa: it is often brought over to Europe, where it will live many years, and is a lively active little bird: it moults twice a year; and the male is without the long tail-feathers at least six months out of the twelve, as it first loses them about No- vember, and in the spring they begin to re-appear, but are not perfectly formed till June. LONG-TAILED BUNTING. (Emberiza Vidua., } Ki, nigricans, subtus albida, rectricibus intermediis quatuor elonga- tis acuminatis, duabus longissimis, rostro rubro. Dusky Bunting, beneath whitish; the four middle tail-feathers elongated and acuminated, of which the two interior are longest ; beak red. Emberiza vidua. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.312. 21.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 883.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 405. 22. Vidua major. Briss. 3. 127. 27.—Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 4. 162. Long-tailed Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 181. 17. Founp in India and Angola. Leak red: head and all the upper parts of the body greenish black: sides of the head and under parts dirty white; the black colour reaching on each side the neck like a half collar: wing-coverts with a white band: quills edyed with brown: two middle tail-feathers ten inches and a half in length; the next two nine 420 VARIEGATED BUNTING. © inches; all four of them black: the remaining feathers short and of the same length; black on the outer webs, and white within; the outermost feather the most white: legs black, claws pale. May not this be a variety of the following? - * . SEY PERS 3 VARIEGATED BUNTING. (Emberiza principalis. ) E, variegata, pectore rufo, rectricibus mediis quatuor longissinis rostro pedibusque rubris. Variegated Bunting, with the breast red, the four middle tail- feathers very long; beak and feet red. Emberiza principalis. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1, 313. 22. Gna cs Nat.1. 884.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 406. 23, Vidua angolensis. Briss. App. 80. . La Veuve mouchettée. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 165. Long-tailed Sparrow. Edwards. 270. Variegated Bunting. Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 181. i7is Tuts neat little bird is about the size of the Whidah Bird: beak as in the last : the upper parts - of the head and body rufous, the middle of each © feather black: sides of the head and under parts © (except the breast, which is pale rufous) are white: lesser wing-coverts the same: greater ones black, edged with rufous: quills as the last: tail with twelve feathers, of which the two middle ones ex- | ceed the others by five inches and a half; the next on each side one inch shorter, all four black; the remaining feathers are short and of equal length, So S WHIDAIH BUNTING. PANAYAN BUNTING. | 491 of a dull brown colour, margined with paler brown, and each marked with a ote spot on the inner web : legs flesh-colour. There is very great probability that this and the preceding bird will eventually be found to be the same, as they inhabit the same places, and are very like in their general appearance, and it is well known that oe long-tailed Buntings all vary very much, according to the season of the year or the age of the bird. It is found in India and Angola. PANAYAN BUNTING. (Emberiza panayensis. ) E. nigra, macula pectoris coccinea, rectricibus quatuor interme- diis longisstmis equalibus acuminatis, Black Bunting, with a crimson spot on the breast ; the four middle tail-feathers even, very long, and acuminated. Emberiza payanensis. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1, 885.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 407. 26. La Veuve en feu. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 167. La Veuve a poitrine rouge. Buff. Pl. Enl. 647. La Veuve de l’isle de Panay. Sonner. Voy. Ind. 117. t. 76. Panayan Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 184. 21. Tue whole bird black, with the exception of a large bright red spot on the breast: four middle tail-feathers very long, pointed, all of one length, and hanging down like the Whidah Bird: legs black. Native of the Isle of Panay. ORANGE-SHOULDERED BUNTING. . (Emberiza longicauda. ) E. nigra, humeris fulvis albo marginatis, rectricibus elongatis 6 intermedits longissimis. Black Bunting, with the shoulders fulvous margined with white; the six middle tail-feathers very long. Emberiza longicauda. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 884.—Lath. Ind. _ Orn, 1, 406. 25. X La Veuve a épaulettes. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 164.—Buff. Pl. Ent. 635. Yellow-shouldered Oriole. Brown, Ill. 11. : Orange-shouldered Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 184. 20. Tue Orange-shouldered Bunting is the size of a Song Thrush: beak strong and dusky ; the nos- trils almost hid in the feathers: plumage above and below glossy black: lesser wing-coverts crim- son, below which is a white spot: some of its quills white at the base, but that is hid when the wings are closed: secondaries nearly as long as the primaries: tail, consisting of twelve feathers, hanging sideways; the two middle ones fifteen inches in length, the next an inch shorter; the next two inches and a half less; and the rest of — the tail very short: legs large and brown: claws long and hooked. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. | | 423 DOMINICAN BUNTING. (Emberiza serena.) E. pileo nigro, vertice rubro, cauda cuneiformi, rectricibus duabus intermedts longissimis, pedibus grisets. Bunting with the top of the head black, the crown red, tail wedge- shaped, with the two middle feathers very long; feet pit Emberiza serena. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 312. 20.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 883.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 405. 21. Vidua minor. Briss. 3, 124, 26.t. & f. 2. La Veuve dominicaine. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. ‘eoseniegf Pl, Enl. 8. f. 2. Dominican Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 180. 16. Ratuer less than the Whidah Bunting: beak red: crown of the head rufous white; upper part black: back of the neck, beneath the head rufous white, which colour joins the white on the under parts of the body; hind-part of the neck and back black, edged with dirty white : wing-coverts white; the rest of the wing black; the quills with white edges : tail black, the two middle feathers pointed at the end, and above two inches longer than the others, which get shorter to the most outward, which is shortest of all; the three next the long feathers tipped with white; and the two outer ones white on the inside, and pale rufous without: legs grey: female of a plain brown; and the tail- feathers of equal length. Moults twice a year, and the male loses his long feathers. 4A PSITTACEOUS BUNTING. (Emberiza psittacea, ) E. cinereo-fusca, alis fulvis, rectricibus duabus intermedits longiss simis. Cinereous-brown Bunting, with the wings rufous, and the two middle tail-feathers very long. Emberiza psittacea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.312. 18.—Gmel. — Nat. 1. 882.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 404. 19. Linaria brasiliensis longicauda. Briss. 3. 147. 35. La Veuve éteinte. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 168. Psittaceous Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 178.14. Tuer Psittaceous Bunting is the size of the House Sparrow: length about six inches: base of the beak surrounded with pale red: prevailing colour of the plumage dull greyish ash : wings pale red and yellow mixed: tail similar in colour to the body: two middle feathers nearly three times the length of the body, and tipped with chesnut. Native of Brasil, ANGOLA BUNTING. ( Emberiza ‘angolensis. ) E. nigra, capite superiore colloque flavis, cauda elongata. Black Bunting, with the upper part of the head and neck yel- low; tail elongated. , Emberiza angolensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 885.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 407. 27. Angola Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 185. 22. Tuts bird appears to have a great affinity to E. panayensis, from which it only differs in having the top of the head and neck yellow, and being a native of Angola: its beak is short; tail long; the breast fine red, and the rest of the plumage bright black. 426 SHAFT-TAILED BUNTING. (Emberiza regia.) E, rectricibus intermediis quatuor longissimis equalibus’ apice tan- tum pennatis, rostro rubro. Bunting with the four middle tail-feathers very. long, even, and only webbed at the tip; beak red. Emberiza regia, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.313. 23.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1, 884.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 406. 24. Vidua riparia africana, Briss. 3, 129. 28. t. 9. f. 1. La Veuve a quatre brins. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 4, 158. 5. La Veuve de la céte d'Afrique. Buff. Pl. Enl. 8.f. 1. Shaft-tailed Bunting, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 183.19. Tuts bird is the size of a Linnet: beak red: sides of the head, the under parts of the body, and round the neck, rufous: hind-part of the neck spotted with black: plumage above, lower part of the thighs, and vent, black: the four middle tail- feathers near ten inches in length, and webbed only for about two inches at the ends; the rest of them simple shafts, without the least appearance of a web; the other feathers even, short, and black: legs red: female brown, and without the long tail- feathers. Like the rest of the long- tailed Buntings, hes birds moult twice in the year; and in the winter the male becomes very similar to a Linnet in colour. Dr. Latham mentions having a specimen of this bird in his collection with only two kinds of brown, and no black on the plumage ; the margins of the a ee SHAFT-TAILED BUNTING. 427 feathers being light brown, and the middle dark, not very unlike the back of the female House Sparrow: the tail dusky, with pale rufous margins, Inhabits Africa, but is much scarcer than the Whidah Bird. V. x. P. Vie 29 oT 428 | ‘ FRINGILLA. FINCH. Generic Character. Rostrum conicum, rectum, || Beak conic, straight, and acuminatum. acuminated. Pedes simplices, digitis tribus || /ee¢ simple, with three toes anticis, uno postico. before and one behind. ‘Tue Finches, or Sparrows, may be readily dis- tinguished from the Grosbeaks and Buntings, to which they have a great affinity, by the form of their beak, which is perfectly conic, slender to- wards the end, and very sharp-pointed ; whereas the Grosbeaks have theirs rounded from the base to the point of each mandible; and the Buntings are armed with a hard knob in the middle of their upper mandible, which the Finches do not possess. The birds of this genus are very numerous, and oftentimes assemble in immense flocks, feeding on seeds and grain, and also on insects and their larvee: many of them are,much esteemed for the liveli- ness of their songs, and the beauty and variety of their plumage. 4.29 HOUSE FINCH. ( Fringilla domestica. ) Fr, remigibus rectricibusque fuscis, corpore griseo nigroque; Jascia alarum alba solitaria. Finch with the quill and tail-feathers fuscous, the body black and grey, and a single white band on the wings. Fringilla domestica. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.323. 36.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 242.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. ee —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 432.1. Passer domesticus. Briss. 3. 72. 1. Le Moineau. Buf: Hist. Nat. Ois.3. 474. 1. te 29. fed Buff Pl. Enl. 6. f. 1.—55.f. 1. young bird, aa House Sparrow, Penn. Brit. Zool. 1. 197. 51.—Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 382. G.—Albin. Birds. 1. 62.—Lewin. Brit, Birds, 2. 77-—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 248. 1.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 163.— Mont, Brit. Birds. 2.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 154. Tus well known bird is about six inches in length: the beak is dusky: crown of the head ash-coloured : irides hazel: space round the eye and from that to the beak black: behind the eyes and back of the head bay: cheeks white: chin and under part of the neck black and grey, “mixed: belly dirty white: wing-coverts chesnut and black mixed, with a bar of a whitish colour across them: quills dusky, with rufous edges: back rufous and black, mixed: tail dusky, edged with grey: legs brown. The female has the beak lighter than that of the male; behind the eye a white line; the head and whole of the upper parts brown; under parts dirty white, sprinkled with 430 HOUSE FINCH. _ash-colour; and is without any black on the chin or neck. Dr. Latham mentions many varieties of this bird, of which the following are the most remark- able: the first is entirely of a dirty white, with yellow beak and irides: the next yellowish, with a chesnut tinge on the upper parts; and the last is of a dull black, with a yellow beak: the white variety is the most common, and is likewise sub- ject to still farther variety, as some are brown above, and white beneath; others spotted with black on the throat; and many have a spot on the crown of the head; the nape of the neck, and the back, being brown. - ) This bird occurs in most parts of, Europe, but is most numerous among towns and inhabited places, where it builds in any spot that will afford it admittance, as a hole in the wall, or under the roofs of houses: it makes a very slovenly nest, composed of hay, and lined with a few feathers : it lays five or six reddish-white eggs, slightly speckled with brown: it will sometimes drive the Martins from their nests, and will occa- sionally build in trees; but when that is the case, it takes more pains with its nest, making it much larger than usual *, of hay and straw, cover- ing it at the top, and lining it warmly with feathers, bits of cloth, thread, worsted, or any thing of that kind found about houses: its food consists princi- pally of grain, but it will partake of all kinds of * Dr. Leach informed me that he observed several of these, nests in the avenues round the Jardin des Plantes. HOUSE FINCH. 431 nutriment that are thrown out for poultry, pigeons, &c. in spite of every precaution: it is a very crafty bird, and usually avoids traps and snares that are set to take it; but is easily caught in the autumn and winter, by a bat-fowling net, when they collect in numbers on trees: it has no song, but only a disagreeable chirp: its flesh is ac- counted very g good eating by many: the appearance of this bird, in large and smoky towns, is not very agreeable, as it is generally very dirty and plain in its colours; but among farm-yards the male ex- hibits a great variety in his plumage, and is far from being the least beautiful of the British birds. Buffon, with his usual warmth of imagination, has summed up the character of this species in the following words: ‘ It is extremely destructive, its plumage is entirely useless, its flesh indifferent food, its notes grating to the ear, and its fami- liarity and petulance disgusting.”” But although it may partially deserve the above character, we must not condemn the species, when its great use in the ceconomy of nature is considered ; for it has been observed that a single pair of Spaciiaes dur- ing the time of rearing (lee young, will destroy about four thousand caterpillars weekly: they like- wise feed them with butterflies and other winged insects, each of which, if not destroyed in this manner, would be productive of several hundreds of caterpillars. TREE FINCH. coke we montana.) Fr. remigibus rectr ictbusque fuscis, corpore griseo meres alarum fascia alba gemina, - Finch with the quill and _tail-feathers fuscous, the body. black and grey, with a double white band on the wings. Fringilla montana, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.234. 37.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 243.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 925.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 433. 2. Loxia hamburgia. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 854. toys Pyrrhula hamburgensis. Bris. 3. 314. 2. Le Hambourroux. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 398. Passer montanus. Bris. 3.79.2. 3 Friquet. Buff. Hist. Nat, oe 3, 489. 29. 2.— Buff. Pi. Enl. NOT fi, ; BAG rage Hamburgh Tree Creeper. Albin. Birds. 3. 24. Hamburgh Grosbeak. Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 149. 64. Tree Finch.. Penn. Brit. Zool. 128.—Pen, Arct. Zool. 2. 246.— Albin, 3. 66.—Lewin. Brit. Birds, 2.'78.—£dwards. 2690.— Montagu. Brit. Birds. 2—Mont. Sup.—Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 252. 2.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 163.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1.458. Ratuer less than the House Finch: beak black: irides hazel: crown of* the head and hinder part of the neck chesnut colour: sides of the head white: throat black: behind the eyes a large black spot: upper part of the body rusty brown, spotted with black: breast and under parts dirty white: quills black, with reddish margins ; greater coverts the same; lesser coverts bay, edged with black, and barred with two white stripes: tail reddish brown: legs pale yellow: female similar i, BS eal A Tha wh i vod H Aa pal UGeCom, 1 SPARROW /JFINCH. s TREE FINCH. O 4 TREE FINCH. 4.33 to the male: young bird without the black marks on the throat, or behind the eyes. | The sexes of this bird have generally been con- sidered by authors to differ from each other as much as the House Finch ; but Colonel Montagu has most satisfactorily proved, that they are quite similar in external appearance, and that the de- scriptions formerly given were not correct. It is very abundant in some parts of this country, in Lincolnshire, Lancashire, and Yorkshire: it is found in Italy, France, Germany, Russia, and part of Siberia, also in many parts of North America. It makes its nest in trees, and not in buildings, principally composed of hay and fea- thers: it lays five eggs of a pale brown colour, with Spots of a darker shade, weighing from 34 to 41 -grains. Buffon observes, that this species feeds -on fruits, seeds, and insects: it is a very lively animal, and often moves its tail in the manner of the Wagtail: it is one of the most local of the British birds. a 4.34 RING FINCH« (Fringilla Petronia.) Fr, grisea, superciliis. albis, gula lutea, Be acl ig apice intus macula alba, Grey Finch, with white supercilia, luteous throat, and a white spot towards the tip of the exterior tail-feathers, Fringilla Petronia. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 322. 30.—Gmel. Syst Nat. 1.919.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 435. 6. : Passer sylvestris.. Bris. 3.88. 6.4.5. f. 1. La Soulice. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 498. 30. f. 1.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 225. Ring Sparrow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.254. 4.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 164. | Leneru near six inches: the upper mandible of the beak brown ; the under grey, with a brown tip: head and upper parts of the neck and back dirty grey, spotted with brown: under parts dirty grey and white mixed: round the head, above the eyes, a dirty. white ring: fore-part of the neck yellow: wings similar to the back: coverts and secondary quills tipped with white: quills, and tail, dusky with grey edges, with all the feathers of the latter, except the two middle ones, with a white spot near the tip of the inner web: rump dirty grey. This species is very abundant in Germany, and is likewise found over the greatest part of Europe, but is nowhere so common as in the former place, and is not found in this country: it is migratory in the northern parts, but stationary in the SHORT-TAILED FINCH. 435 southern: it affects woods, and builds in the holes of trees, laying four or five eggs, and feeds on seeds and insects: it has not any note. These birds are very delicate, as numbers are often found dead in trees, in the winter, during which time they assemble in flocks. : SHORT-TAILED FINCH. (Fringilla brachyura.) Fr. flavescens, pectore abdomineque magis albicantibus, remigibus rectricibusque flavescentibus. Yellowish Finch, with the breast and abdomen whitish, quills and tail-feathers flavescent. Fringilla brachyura, Gmel, Syst. Nat.1. 920.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 436. 10. Passerculus bononiensis. Bris. 3.93. Short-tailed Sparrow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 256.8. Tuts species has the tail remarkably short: it is about the size of the House Finch, and has the whole of the body yellowish; but the breast, and abdomen, are palest ; and the beak very dark yellow. Native of Bologna. 436 WHITE-TAILED FINCH. (Fringilla leucura.) Fr. flavicans castaneo maculata, lineolis candidis variegata, subtus capiteque albo-lutescens, rectricibus cinereo candicantibus. Yellowish Finch spotted with chesnut, and variegated with white stripes ; beneath and head whitish yellow ; tail-feathers whitish ash. Fringilla leucura,” Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 919.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 436. 9. White-tailed Sparrow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 256. 7. Size of F. domestica: head and under parts whitish yellow: upper parts yellowish, . spotted with chesnut and streaked with white: tail ash- coloured white. Found at Bologna. FOOLISH FINCH, (Fringilla stulta.) Fr. griseo-rufescens, ferrugineo maculata, subtus flavescens, fascia alarum duplici alba. Grey-rufescent Finch spotted with ferruginous, beneath yel- lowish, with a double white band on the wings. Fringilla stulta. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.919—Lath. Ind. Orn. }. 436. 7. : Passer stultus. Bris. 3. 87.5. Foolish Sparrow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 255. 5. Axsout the size of the House Finch : above rufous grey, spotted with ferruginous: over the DALMATIC FINCH. 437 eye a streak of white, and on the throat a yellow spot: beneath yellowish: wings with two white bands: tail blackish, margined with rufous. In- | habits Bologna. DALMATIC. FINCH. (Fringilla dalmatica. ) Fr. rufescens subtus albida, remigibus rectricibusque rufescentibus, Rufescent Finch, beneath whitish, with the quills ene tail- _ feathers rufescent. Fringilla dalmatica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.920.—Lath. Ind. Orn. tt as oe : Passer Sclavonicus. Bris. 3.94. 10. Dalmatic Sparrow. - Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 256. 9. Near seven inches in length: beak whitish : upper parts of the body reddish, under parts whitish: legs pale yellow: tail slightly forked. Inhabits Dalmatia. 438 SPECKLED FINCH. © ( Fringilla bononiensis. ) Fr. albo nigro subflavoque maculata, subtus albo-flavescens, capite albo maculis subluteis vario, rectricibus subflavis. Finch spotted with white, black and yellowish; beneath yellowish white; head white, varied with yellowish spots; tail-feathers _ yellowish. : Fringilla bononiensis. Gel, Syst. Nat. 1. 919.—Lath. Ind. _ Orn. 1. 436. 8. Sat : Speckled Sparrow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 255. 6. Size of Fringilla stulta: beak, head, and neck white, dashed with yellowish: irides white: back and rump variegated with black, white, and yel- lowish : under parts yellowish white: quills dusky ; legs and tail yellowish. Found in the neighbour- hood of Bologna. — . | ene CAROLINA FINCH. (Fringilla carolinensis. ) Fr. rubro-fusca, abdomine albo, facie fasciaque ba migra, Jjugulo uropygtoque coccineis. Reddish-brown Finch, with the abdomen white, face and band on the breast black, jugulum and rump scarlet. Fringilla carolinensis. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 435. 5. Fringilla cristata. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 926. 2. Le Moineau de la Caroline. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 3, 496.— Buf. Pl. Enl. 181. f. 2. Black-faced Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2.255.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 253.3. female.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 164. Axsour six and a half inches in length: top of the head and chin black: neck crimson: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, pale reddish brown: breast with a black band: rest of the under parts white, mixed with black at the thighs; quills black: legs brown. Found in Carolina, 440 BLACK-FACED FINCH. (Fringilla cristata.) Fr. cristata rubro- fusca, SaCn Ores subtus urupysio cristaque coc- cineis. Reddish-brown crested Finch, with the body bencath, rump, and crest scarlet. Fringilla cristata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 926. 2.—Lath.- Ind. Orn. 1. 434. 4. | ‘ : Le Friquet huppé. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 496. Moineau de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl, 181. f. 1. Black-faced Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 253. 3 —Lath. Sy. Sup. 104. Size of a House Finch: length six and a half inches: beak red: upper parts of the plumage, wings, and tail, reddish-brown: under parts, and rump, crimson: top of the head crested and crim- — son: sides of the head black: legs brown. Inha- bits Cayenne, and other parts of South America. 4.4] MOUNTAIN FINCH. ( Fringilla canadensis. ) Fr. castaneo et griseo-fusco varia, subtus cinerascens, macula ag basin rostri rufescente, fascia alarum duplici alba. ) Finch varied with grey-fuscous and chesnut, beneath cineras- cent, with a rufescent spot at the base of the —. and a double white stripe on the wings. Fringilla canadensis, Lath, Ind. Orn, 1. 434.'8. ° Fringilla monticola. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.912. Passer canadensis. Bris, 3. 102: 15. Le Soulicet. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 500. Moineau de Canada. Buff. Pl. Enl.223. f. 2. Mountain Finch, Lath. Gen, Syn. 3.265. 16. * Size of F. domestica: length above six inches : beak reddish: crown of the head chesnut, varie- gated with grey, brown in the middle: sides’ of the head, and neck, white: upper parts brown, mixed with darker brown: quills and tail much darker, margined with paler: wings with two white bars: under parts of the body white: legs brown. - Found i in Canada. . 4.49 ees NE Dea ; Dears Meh ey ea : weit ae Ae CHAF-FINCH. (Fringilla Celebs.) Fr. remigibus utrinque albis, tribus primis immaculatis, rectrici- bus duabus oblique albis. Finch with quills on each side white, the three first of which are immaculate, the two outer tail-feathers obliquely white. Fringilla Celebs. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 318, 3. mas. @. fem.— Tan. Faun. Suec. 232.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 901.—Bris. 3. 148. 36.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 436. 12: Le Pingon. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 109. 4.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 54. f. 1. Chaf-finch. Penn. Brit. Zool. 1.125. ia aal Arct. Soa 2. 381. F.—Albin. 1. 63.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 79.—Mont, Brit. Birds. 1.—Bewick. Brit, Birds, 160. es Gen. Syn. 3. 257. 10.— Lath. Syn, Sup, 165. Tue Chaf:finch has the beak blueish, with black tips; irides hazel: forehead black: crown of the head, back, and sides of the neck, blueish ash-. colour: cheeks, under side of the neck, and breast vinaceous: back chesnut brown: belly white, tinged with vinaceous: bastard wing and coverts of the primaries black; secondaries tipped with white: lesser coverts black and greyish, with a white spot in the middle: quills dusky, slightly margined with greenish yellow on the outer webs, and marked oan white-on both webs at the base : rump greenish: tail dusky, the exterior feathers obliquely marked with white, the next tipped with the same: legs dusky. Female dull green above, CHAF-FINCH. 443 breast and belly brown; wings similar in markings to the male, but not so bright. Dr. Latham mentions a variety with the head and neck ash-colour: cheeks brownish: back and scapulars the same, inclining to ash: rump greenish: the under parts brown flesh-colour : the lesser and greater wing-coverts white ; the middle ones, quills, and tail, black; the two outer ones half way white on their outer margins. It is also subject to other variations, as it is sometimes found entirely white, and also with the crown of the head and collar round the neck of the same colour. This beautiful bird is one of the commonest in England, and the male is sometimes taken for its _ song, which is rather pleasing to some, but ceases in the winter. Its nest is generally composed of plants and moss, lined inside with hair, feathers, wool, or such like substances: it is mostly fixed in some thick, low bush; particularly in ivy or _apple-trees overgrown with moss and lichen, ge- nerally assimilating it to the colour of the sur- rounding substances. ‘The eggs of this bird are four or five in number, of a dirty white colour, tinged with purple, and marked with streaks and spots of a darker colour. In the summer it lives chiefly on insects, with which it feeds its young; but in the winter becomes gregarious, ‘and feeds on seeds and grain. In this country. both sexes remain the whole year; but in Sweden _ the males only stay, the females migrating to the south, from whence they return in the spring. Mr. White mentions, in his Natural History of V. IX. P. Il. 30 444, BRAMBLE FINCH. Selbourn, that flocks of females are occasionally seen near Christchurch in Hampshire, which most probably came from some northern country. This species is found throughout Europe, and many parts of Africa. It is called by various names in this country, such as White-linnet, Flax-finch, Beech-finch, Horse-finch, Pink, Twink, Spink, &e. S dtaudauinimeenee aeal BRAMBLE FINCH. (Fringila montifringilla.) Fr. nigra pennis rufo marginatis, subtus uropygioque alba, jugulo pectoreque rufescentibus, rectricibus lateralibus nigricantibus, extus albo marginatis. 3 Black Finch, with the feathers margined with rufous; beneath and vent white ; jugulum and breast rufescent; the lateral tail- feathers blackish, externally margined with white. | _Fringilla montifringilla. Ln. Syst. Nat. 1. 318. 4.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 233.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 902.—Bris. 3. 155.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 439. 17. ) Le Pincon d’Ardennes. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 124.—Buff. Pl. inl. 54. fi 2. in Brambling, Mountain Finch. Penn. Brit. Zool. 126.—Penn. Arct. Zool, 2. 381. E.— Albin. 3. 64.—Lewin. Brit. Birds, 2. 80.— Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 163.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 261. 13. Leneru rather more than six inches: beak yel- low, tipped with black: irides hazel: the feathers of the head, neck, and back, black, edged with rusty brown: sides of the neck, above the wings, blueish ash: throat, fore-part of the neck, and breast, pale orange: belly and rump white: hy y i : y fs 1. CHAF-FINCE. 2 BRAMBLE FINCH. BRAMBLE FINCH. 445 lesser wittg-coverts pale reddish brown, edged with white; greater coverts black, tipped with pale yellow: quills dusky, edged with pale yel- lowish: tail forked; the outermost feathers edged with white, the rest black, with whitish edges: legs pale brewn: female less brilliant in colour than the male: in her the sides of the head and back of the neck are grey; on the latter are two dusky lines passing from the head downwards: the top of the head and back are dusky, each feather deeply margined with grey, giving.those parts a beautiful mottled appearance: the rufous colour on the breast and wings is very faint, but the markings are similar to those of the male. This species is subject to the following varia- tion, having been found with a black streak over each oe bade towards the hind head, and join- ing each other: with two bars on the wing-coverts, the upper one reddish white, and the lower ferru- ginous: throat and breast taw ny: belly and rump ite It is common in many parts of Europe, but most probably breeds only in the northern parts : it is said to build a nest in lofty fir trees, composed of long moss, and lined with hair, wool, and fea- thers: the female lays four or five white eggs, speckled with yellow: it is frequently found — among Chaf-finches, in immense flocks: Buffon says it has been found in France in such numbers that, the ground has been quite covered with their dung, and that upwards of six hundred dozen 446 RED-CROWNED FINCH. have been killed each night, during the greatest part of the winter. ‘They generally fly so close together; that a great many may be killed with one shot: Dr. Latham mentions having received eighteen that were killed in that way. ‘The flesh of these birds is said to be very bitter, but in- finitely superior to that of the Chaf-finch; but their song is much inferior, being only a disagreeable chirp: they are said to be particularly fond of beech mast, but will feed on most kinds of food that are usually given to caged birds. ‘ RED-CROWNED FINCH. (Fringilla ruticapilla.) ‘Fr. corpore supra fusco subtus cinereo, gula ferrugined, edaistiro albo, capillitio insuper rufescente, cauda nigra, Finch with the body above fuscous, beneath cinereous, throat ferruginous, capistrum white, the hairs inclining to red, tail black. Fringilla ruticapilla. Lath, Ind. Orn, }. 436. 14. Emberiza ruticapilla, Mus. Carls. 2. AA. Gm: a Nat. 1 Sey Red-crowned Finch. Lath. Syn, Sup, II. 206. 1. Beak brown: crown and back of the head reddish, bordered with black on the sides and in front : face and cheeks white, spotted with black: chin rust-colour: upper parts of the plumage brown: breast reddish ash: belly and vent ash- colour: tail black. : Ae Bs se PARROT FINCH. 4.4°7 - PARROT FINCH. 4 (Fringilla psittacea, ) Fr. viridis, facie uropygio rectricibusque coccineis, lateribus intus Suscis. Green Finch, with the face, rump, and tail scarlet, the inner side brown. _ Fringilla psittacea. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1, 903.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 417. 61. : ‘Parrot Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 287. 54. t. 48. Tuts beautiful species is.a native of New Cale- donia: in length about four inches: beak black: face, throat, rump, and tail, bright scarlet: rest of the body of a beautiful green, lightest beneath : outer edge of the quills green; the inner grey- brown: wings reach to the base of the tail, which is wedge-shaped, and has the two middle feathers bright scarlet, with brown shafts; the other five on each side have only the outer web scarlet, the inner being brown. 443 RED-FACED FINCH. (Fringilla afra. ) Tr. fusco viridis, genis pallide coccinets, cauda coccinea, remigibus nigr icantibus eatus uurantiis. -Brown-green Finch; cheeks pale scarlet, tail deep scarlet, quill blackish, externally orange. ‘Fringilla afra. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. ¢05.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 451. 60. ‘Red-faced Finch. Brown's Illust. 25.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 286. 53. Descrisep in Brown’s Illustrations of Zoology : in length near six inches: prevailing colour of the plumage deep dull green: cheeks crimson: pri- mary quills dusky, margined with dull orange: tail dull crimson: legs yellowish. Native of Angola. Piet AAQ CRIMSON-HEADED FINCH. (Fringilla rosea.) Fr. cinereo-rubescens, subtus alba, capitis uropygii gutturisque ennis apice ruberrimis, remigibus rectricibusque fuscis margine lutescentibus. Ash-coloured red Finch; beneath white, with the feathers of the head, rump, and throat, tipped with red; the quills and tail- feathers fuscous, with yellowish margins, | Fringilla rosea, 8. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 444. 33. Loxia erythrina. Gmel. Syst. Nat, 1, 864. Crimson-headed Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 271, 29.—Penn. Avet. Zool. 2. 257, ? 6. rosea, capistro argenteo, dorso lituris ex griseo fuscescentibus vario, alis caudaque Mpricentilyss, recticum margine exteriore — TOSEO. Rose-coloured, with the capistrum silvery, back varied with grey- brown marks, wings and tail blackish, the exterior tail-fea. thers bordered with rose-colour. i Fringilla rosea. Lath. Ind, Orn. 1, 444. 33.—Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 923. | Rosy Finch, Lath. Syn, Sup. II, 207. 3. Tuts bird is the size of Loxia Chloris: length about five inches: beak brownish horn-colour ;. between which and the eyes the colour is ashe coloured-grey : head, neck, and throat, red : lower part of the neck whitish: nape and back cinereous, tinged with red: wing-coverts brown, margined with reddish: quills brown, with luteous borders: under parts white, tinged with red on the breast and sides: tail slightly forked; shafts of the feathers brown, margins yellowish: legs horn. , a ‘450 CRIMSON-HEADED FINCH. coloured. Female entirely of a yellowish ash- colour on the upper parts: crown spotted with yellow : sides of the head dirty white: chin white : neck with a few obscure brown marks: tail dusky brown, bordered with grey. This species varies in having the face white: the back varied with grey and brown, with a general tinge of rose-colour : wings and tail dusky, externally bordered with rose-colour. The Crimson-headed Finch, of the Arctic Zoo- logy, appears to be referable to this species. It has the head and breast crimson, the former spotted with a few obscure dusky marks; and the space round the eye entirely dusky: back, wing- coverts, primaries, and tail, black, with crimson edges: belly white, tinged with rose-colour. . Found in the thick woods about the rivers — Wolga and Samara, where it is known by the name of Red Sparrow; likewise in the vicinity of the ‘Tomsk in Siberia, residing in the willows, but is not very abundant: it is a very tame and foolish bird, and feeds on the seeds of plants: the female makes her nest of hay between the branches of trees, laying about five eggs: in the winter it unites with the snow-flakes. The second variety _ is a native of North America, about New York, where it arrives in the spring : it is very abundant among the red cedars, and isa very active bird, shifting with inconceivable velocity round the trunks. iii aN Dy; ID My) ‘ CRIMSON-CROWNED 'FINCH. 451 CRIMSON-CROWNED FINCH. (Fringilla flammea. ) Fr. fusca, crista flammea, corpore subtus roseo. Brown Finch, with a crimson crest, and the body beneath rose- coloured. Fringilla flammea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 322. 26.—Lin. Faun. Suec, 238.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 915.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 438. 13. . a . | Fringilla cristata. Briss. 3. 155. 5. Flaming Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 380. F. ‘Crimson-crowned Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. (259.11. t. 47. ‘Tue Crimson-crowned Finch is the size of F. cannabina, being above four inches in length : beak pale brown: top of the head of a bright crimson ; the feathers rather inclining to a crest ; upper parts ‘of the body brown; under parts pale rose-colour : legs pale brown. Said by -Linnzus to inhabit Nordland. EO ee ae 452 RUFOUS-CHINNED FINCH. (Fringilla noctis,) Fr. nigra, gula lorisque rufis, rostro mgro. Black Finch, with the threat and lores rufous, and beak black. Fringilla noctis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 19.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 909.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1,441.24. Passer niger. he 8.118. 23: fey. ted. Pere noir, Buff Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 485.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 201. 1. mite chinned Finch, — Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 267. 20. B. Plumbeo-cerulea, gula macula rufa, remigibus Tene nigricantibus. Of a lead-coloured blue; the throat: with a rufous spot, quills and tail-feathers dusky. Fringilla martinicensis. Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 900. Tanagra ruficollis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 894. a diustthineted Tanager. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 241 wens Syn. Sup. 161. Size of the Sparrow: length about five itichiée’ : beak black: irides red: the whole plumage black, except the chin, and a spot between the beak and eye, which are rufous orange-colour : legs blackish. The rufous-throated Tanager, of Dr. Latham, is. only a slight variety of this species, differing in being of a very dark indigo blue, and wanting the orange-coloured spot between the beak and eye: in other respects it is similar to the above. Both varieties are said to be very common at Martinico, Jamaica, and other of the West India Islands: they feed.on seeds, grass, fruits, and insects, “GLOSSY FINCH. :(Fringilla nitens,) Fr. chalybeo-nigra, rostro pedibusque carneis. Glossy-black Finch, with the beak and feet flesh-coloured. Fringilla nitens. Gimel. Syst. Nat. 1. 969,.—Lath, Ind, Orn. 1. 442, 25. Passer niger erythrorynchos. “Briss. 3. 120. 24. Moineau de Brésil. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 486.— Buf. Pt. Enl, 201. fo-A.2. Glossy Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 267. 21.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 105. B. tota nigra, rostro ee concoloribus, Entirely black, beak and feet the same. Fringilla Ethiops. Gmel. Sy:t. Nat.1. 908. Moineau de-Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Eni. 224. f. 3. Lenotu four inches and a half: beak flesh- colour :.irides white: plumage entirely of a blue- black, shining like steel: legs the same as the beak : eale. with the feathers on the upper parts blackish, margined with yellowish brown: under parts dusky yellowish brown: behind and above the eye a blackish streak: rump grey. ‘The male is sometimes found entirely of a black colour, and with the irides rufous. This species is a native of North America: it feeds on fruits and seeds, is easily tamed, and in that state feeds on bread: it has a very slight note, which requires great exertion to produce it. SCARLET FINCH. (Fringilla coccinea.) Fr. fulvo coccinea, alis caudaque nigricantibus, remigibus _ marginatis, rectricibus apice nigris. Fulvous-scarlet Finch, with the wings and tail blackich, the quills margined with fulvous, and the tips of the tail- feathers black. Fringilla coccinea. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 921.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 444, 32. : ‘Scarlet Finch. Lath. Gen. Sy 3. 270. 28. Tue general colour of the plumage of this bird is of a beautiful deep orange, inclining to scarlet: the wings and tail are dusky; the latter even at the end: quills edged with orange; primaries with black tips: legs black: beak brown. Native of the Sandwich Islands, and is about four inches -and a half in length. FERRUGINOUS FINCH. (Fringilla ferruginea.) Fr. fusca ferrugineo marginata, subtus pallida, pectore maculis obscuris, regione oculorum alba. Fuscous Finch margined with ferruginous, beneath pale, breast with obscure spots, region of the eyes white. ° Fringilla ferruginea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 921.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1,445. 35. Littl Sparrow. Edwards. 354. f. 2. Ferruginous Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2.251.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.272. 31. Tuis bird is the size of Motacilla modularis : the length is about five and a half inches: the beak is dusky: space round the eyes white: upper parts of the body, quills, and tail, dark brown, bordered with reddish: under parts light-colour- ed; the breast sprinkled with long dark spots : legs flesh-colour. Inhabits various parts of North America. 456 RED-BREASTED FINCH. ' (Fringilla punicea.) Fr. nigra, genis cor ‘poreque toto sublus coccineis, t eckricibus aiaruin Sasciolis duabus albis. , Black Finch, with the cheeks and whole body beneath scarlet ; the wing-coverts with two white fascia. Fringilla punicea. Gmiel. Syst. Nut. 1. 921.—Lath. edhe V. 444. 34. | | Red-breasted Finch. Penn: Arct. Zocl. 2. 275.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 272: 30: Founp in North America in the spring: the. beak is white: the cheeks, throat, fore-part of the neck and breast, are of arich crimson: the crown, upper part of the neck, back, wings, and tail, are black: legs black: wing-coverts barred with two white lines. — 457 LULEAN FINCH. (Fringilla lulensis.) Fr. fusca, pectore humerisque rufis, alis nigris macula rufa, cotlo corporeque subtus albis. Brown Finch, with the breast and shoulders rufous, wings black with a rufous spot, neck and body beneath white. Fringilla Julensis.. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 318. 5.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 134.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 902.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 452. 63. Carduelis Suecica. Bris. 3. 63.2. Le Chardonnerct 4 quatre raies. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.210. Lulean Finch, Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 380. B.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 278. 56.. Turis bird is a native of Sweden, and is the size of the Goldfinch: the beak is brown: head and upper parts blackish ash-colour: lesser wing- coverts rufous; next the same, forming a band, below which is one of black, and another of rufous, which is farther bordered with black, and lastly with white: quills dusky: throat and fore-part of the neck white: breast rufous; from thence to the vent whitish: tail dusky. RED-HEADED FINCH. (Fringilla erythrocephala. ) Fr. olivacea, capite colloque coccineis, orbitis nigris, fascia tectrt- cum duplici alba. Olivaceous Finch, with the head and neck scarlet, orbits black, wing-coverts with a double white band. Fringilla erythrocephala. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 905.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 452. 62. Red-headed Finch. Brown’s Illust, 28.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 287. 55. Tur Red-headed Finch is near five inches in length: the beak is black: head and neck beau- tiful scarlet: lores black : wing-coverts with two white bars; the wings black: back, breast, and belly olive: tail black: legs reddish grey. In- habits the Isle of France. 459 LONG-BILLED FINCH. _ (Fringilla longirostris.) Fr. fusco flavoque varia, subtus subfulva, capite nigro, collo torque castaneo, rectricibus olivacets intus flavo marginatis. Finch varied with fuscous and yellow; beneath subfulvous ; head black; neck with a chesnut ruff; tail-feathers olive, margined internally with yellow. | Fringilla longirostris. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 900.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 447, 48. | ; Fringilla senegalensis. Bris, 3. 173. 46. t. 15. f. 2. Le Pingon along bec. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 143. ‘Long-billed Finch. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 277. 42. _ Lareer than the Chaffinch: above six inches an length: beak long, and grey brown: head and throat black: neck with a chesnut collar: back, wing-coverts, scapulars and rump, variegated with brown and yellow: quills brown, margined with olive without, and yellow within; on the edges of the secondaries the same: under parts of the body orange yellow: tail olive, all but the two middle feathers, fringed with yellow on the inner edges: legs grey brown. Inhabits Senegal. Vv. IX. P. Ik B51 4.60 GOLD-FINCH. (Fringilla Carduelis,) Fr. remigibus antrorsum luteis, extima immaculata, restricibus duabus extimis medio reliquisque apice albis. Finch with the quills in front yellow, the outer one immaculate ; the two outer tail-feathers white in the middle, the rest so at the tip. Fringilla Carduelis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 318. 7: Soh Faun. Suec. 236.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 903. — Bris. 3. 58+ 13 -—Lath. . Ind, Orn. 1. 449. 58. Le Chardonneret. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 187. J 10.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 4. f. 1. Gold, or Thistle-Finch. Penn. Brit. Zool. 2.124.—Penn. Arct. Zool, 2. 283, H.— Hayes. Brit. Birds. 34.—Albin. Birds. 1 64.—Lewin. Brit, Birds. 3. 81.—Montagu. Brit. Birds. 1.— Bewick. Brit. Birds, 1. 165.—Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 281. 51. B. nigricans, remigibus flavescentibus, corpore subtus einerascente, pectore virescente, capistro croceo. Blackish, with the quills yellowish; body beneath ash=coloured breast greenish; capistrum saffron- coloured. Fringilla nigra icterocephalos. Bris. 3.61.6. Le Chardonneret noir 4 téte jaune. Bug. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 207. 8.» . Gold-finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 8. 285. G. 4 - Tuts elegant little bird is rather less than the Chaffinch: its beak is white, and tipped with - black: the forehead and chin are of a rich scar- let; which is divided by a line of black, passing from each corner of the beak to the eyes, which are likewise black: cheeks white: top of the head black, which colour extends downwards on each side, and divides the white on the cheeks ‘gre NS bara x Ss ~ SS ROS GOLD -FINCH. GOLD-FINCH. 461 from the white spot on the hind head : back, rump, and breast, pale brown: wing-coverts black, in the male; quills the same, marked in the middle of each feather with yellow, forming a large patch of that colour, on the wing, when closed; tips white: tail-feathers black, with most of them ‘spotted with white at their tips, and the two outer ones in the middle : legs white :. female has - the feathers at the base of the beak, and the wing- coverts, brown, and tlie black and yellow on the wings less brilliant. This species is subject to very great variety, of which we shall notice the following, as being the most remarkable. It has the beak surrounded with a saffron-coloured ring: the rest of the head and upper parts blackish: breast greenish black: belly and under parts brownish ash-colour: edge of the wing greenish black: quills black, with more white than common in them, the usual yellow parts being only yellowish : tail black. Dr. Latham has given a great many variations of this bird in his work, which we will endeavour to describe as ‘concise as is agreeable to the limits of this work. ‘The first differs from the common one in having the fore-part of the head red, and the region of the eyes white: the next has the head striped alternately with red and white: another has the head, throat, and neck, black, with a red . Spot near the beak: one has the forehead, cheeks, and throat, red; the other parts of the body, except the wings and tail, which are brownish-ash, whitish; and that part of the wings which is 462 GOLD-FINCH: generally yellow dingy: another variety is wholly white, except the outer edges of the quills, which are yellow, and none of them tipped with black: it is also found entirely white, and not unfre- quently quite black ; and variations between these two states are also often taken. ) There is a variety with white spots under the throat often taken by the bird-catchers, who call it a Cheverel. | : The young birds have the head grey, and are called Grey Yy-pates. This species 1s very much esteemed for the beauty of its song, and is frequently kept in cages : it begins to sing early in the spring, and continues the greatest part of the year ; some birds will even continue to sing throughout the whole year: in confinement it is generally fed on hempseed ; but in a state of nature it feeds on seeds of various kinds, particularly thistle and teasel: it feeds its ' young on caterpillars and insects; its nest is very elegantly formed externally of bents, moss, and liverwort, wove together with wool, and lined with wool, or hair covered with thistle down, or willow - cotton, and generally built in evergreen trees, or hedges: its eggs are four or five in number, of a blueish white, with a few small spots, chiefly at the larger end: it has often two broods in the year. It is a very docile bird, and may often be _ taught a great variety of tricks, such as to draw up its food and water, by means of a bucket: it breeds with the Canary, and the produce is known GREEN GOLD-FINCH. A6S by the name of Mule, or Canary Goldfinch: is said to live upwards of twenty years: and is very abundant throughout Europe, but not so common in Africa, or Asia. GREEN GOLD-FINCH. (Fringilla Melba.) Fr. viridis, facie cauddque rubris, abdomine albo nigroque undu- lato. | Green Finch, with the face and tail red, abdomen undulated with black and white. Fringilla Melba. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 319. 8—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 904.— Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 451. 59. Carduelis viridis. Bris. App. 70. Maracaxao. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.211. Green Gold-finch. Edwards. 272. male.—128. female.— Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 286. 52. Size of the common Goldfinch: beak flesh- coloured: forehead and throat bright red: line between the beak and eye blueish ash-colour: upper parts of the body yellowish green: wing- coverts and secondaries greenish, with red mar- gins: quills dusky: breast olive green: belly and under the tail white; all the under parts varie- gated with dusky transverse lines: rump and tail bright red: legs pale brown: female has the beak pale yellow: top of the head and neck ash-colour : base of the wings and rump yellowish green, in- stead of red: and a brown tail, edged with dull red. Said by Edwards to inhabit Brazil, and by Linneus, China. | AMERICAN GOLD-FINCH. (Fringilla tristis. ) Fr, flava, fronte nigra, alis fuscis. Yellow Finch, with a black forehead, and brown wings. Fringilla tristis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.320. 12.—Gmel. Syst. Nat, 1. 907.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 452. G4. Carduelis Americana. Bris, 3. 64. 3. Le Chardonneret jaune. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 212.—Buf, Pl, Enl..202f. 2- | American Gold-finch. Penn, Arct. Zool. 2. Sigs Bigteea. 274.—Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 288. 67.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 166. Leneru about four and a half inches: beak white: irides hazel: forehead black : wing-coverts and quills the same; the former with a white band, and the latter with the edges and tips of the lesser ones white: rest of the body yellow: thighs and tail-coverts yellowish white: tail black: legs white: female without the black on the head: the upper parts of the body are olive green: throat, breast, and rump, pale yellow: belly and vent white: in other respects similar to the male, but paler: found about New York, in the summer: feeds on thistles: are called York Yellows: like- wise found at Surinam and Jamaica. | 465 BEAUTIFUL FINCH. (Fringilla elegans. ) Fr. supra ‘viridis, collo cinereo, pectore flavo, capistro gula.uro- pygio caudague rubris, abdomine maculis lunatis albis. | Finch above green, with a grey neck; yellow breast ; red throat, rump, and tail; and the abdomen with Sescooniecl eee white Spots. Fringilla elegans, Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 912.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 441, 22. Le beau Marquet. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 3. 497. 30. f. 2.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 203. 1. 7 Beautiful Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 266. 19. Axsove five inches in length: beak, forehead, capistrum, and throat, red: hind part of the head and neck dirty ash-colour: back green: wings _the same; the quills tipped with dusky: breast yellow; with the belly, and sides, undulated with irregular white lines: lower part of the belly, thighs, and vent, white: rump and tail red, in- _ clining to chesnut: legs flesh-colour. Inhabits _ Africa. | ah 466 LOVELY FINCHs (Fringilla Formosa.) Fr. viridis, gula juguloque flavescentibus, abdomine albo nigroque Sasciato, rostro pedibusque rubris. Green Finch, with the throat and jugulum yellowile abdomen banded with black and white; beak and feet red. Fringilla Formosa. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 441, 23. Lovely Finch. Lath, Syn. Sup. 1. 168. Dee ceaes by Dr. Latham, who appears to consider it as a variety of I’. elegans, as it does not differ very much from that bird; but from its inhabiting India, it is most probably distinct, as the Beautiful Finch is a native of Africa: in fact, this species is much smaller, and has not the rump and tail similar to that of the preceding. - Dr. . Latham’s description is as follows: ‘* Size of a Siskin: beak red: general colour of the plumage green: chin and fore-part of the neck inclining to yellow: belly and vent elegantly barred with black and white: tail dusky black : legs pale red.” | fe SISKIN FINCH. 467 SISKIN FINCH. (Fringilla Spinus.) Fr, rest medio lutets, primis quatuor ammaculatis, rectricibus bast flavis apice nigris. Finch with the quills yeHow in the middle, the first four without spots ; tail-feathers yellow at the base and black at the tip. Fringilla Spinus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1, 322.25.—Lin. Faun. Suec- 237.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.1. 914.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 452. 65. Ligurinus. Bris. 3.65. 4. : Le Tarin. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 221 sg ie Pi, Enl. A85. J 3. Siskin, or Aberdevine. Penn. Brit. Took 120. Sige et Arct. Zool. 2. 243.—Albin. Birds. 3. 76.— Mont. Sup.— Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 82. —Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 289. 58.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 166.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 167. - Tue Aberdevine, or Siskin, is about four inches and a half in length: beak whitish, tipped with black: irides dusky: top of the head black: hind head and all the upper parts of the body yellowish green, mostly yellow on the rump, the feathers streaked with dusky down the middle: sides of the head, chin, throat, and breast, greenish yel- low, not spotted: middle of the belly whitish: sides tinged with yellow, and marked with large dusky streaks: under tail-coverts the same: lesser wing-coverts similar to the back: the series im- mediately impending the greater coverts chiefly yellow: the greater coverts black tipped with yellow; forming two yellow bands across the wing, divided by one of black: quills dusky, the 468 _ SISKIN FINCH. primaries slightly edged with greenish yellow on — the outer web, and at the base of the inner; the rest of the quills edged-with the same on their outer webs only, near the ends; the base of each feather, for nearly one half, pale yellow: tail very much forked; the two middle feathers dusky, the rest yellow half way from the base; the ends dusky, slightly edged with yellow on the outer webs: legs pale: female differs in having the crown of the head dusky and grey mixed, and the general aspect much duller: young males have-the black feathers of the head margined with brown; in other respects they resemble the old bird, but are not quite so bright in colour. ‘There are two or three varieties of this bird mentioned by Buffon and thers ; but as they are found in other parts of the globe, it will be most prudent (to avoid confusion) not to attach them to this, as some of them -ap- pear to be very distinct species. The Siskin is common in most parts of Europe, but is scarce in this country, which it only appears to migrate to occasionally, not having been known to breed here, unless the assertion of Mr. Bolton, in his Harmonia Ruralis, be correct, where it is said to breed in Westmoreland: the nest is deli- neated by Sepp, placed in a fork of a tree, built with dry bents, and leaves, and thickly lined with feathers: the eggs are three in number, and of a dull white: its food consists principally of seeds : it drinks often, and seems to be partial to throwing the water over its feathers. It is often paired with the Canary, with which it breeds freely ; and when SISKIN FINCH. 469 a male Siskin is matched to a female Canary, he is very assiduous in his attention to her, carrying materials for the nest, and assisting in its con- struction, and, during the time of incubation, re- gularly supplying her with food: the produce of the above is reckoned by many to sing very pr ettily. This species is known in Sussex by Be name of Barley bird, from making its appearance about the time of sowing that grain: it is said to do great injury in Germany to the hop grounds, by picking out the seeds: it will frequently collect. im small “flocks with Redpoles, and extract the seeds of the alder. Buffon mentions the appearance of this bird in immense flights, once in the course of three or four years, on the continent. It is a docile and. familiar bird, and may be taught to draw up its bucket of seeds and water like the Goldfinch. 470 CHINESE SISKIN FINCH. (Fringilla Sinensis.) Fr. olivacea subtus flava, capite nigro, tectricibus alarum minori- bus fasciis duabus nigris, remigibus rectricibusque nigris bast flavts. | . Olive Finch, beneath yellow ; head black; lesser wing-coverts with two black fasciz ; quills and tail-feathers black, yellow at the base. Fringilla Sinensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 915.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 447. 50. Le Tarrain de la Chine. Sonner. Voy. Ind. 2. 202. Chinese Siskin. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 293. 61. Beak and head of this species black : hind part of the neck, and back, olive-green: wing-coverts. yellow; the lesser ones with two black fascia, _and the larger with a black spot at the tip: quills’ black; the greater ones, at the base, yellow: fore- part of the neck, belly, and vent, yellow: tail yellow at the base, and black at the tip: legs black. Native of China. : 47] MEXICAN SISKIN FINCH. (Fringilla Mexicana. ) Fr. fusco-virescens, subtus albida, Brown-green Finch, beneath whitish. Fringilla Mexicana. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1.914.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 453. 66. Ligurinus Mexicanus. Bris, 3. 70. 5. Mexican Siskin. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 292. 59. - Tuts species has the same habits and food as the common Siskin, of which it is the size; and has the upper part of a brownish green; the under parts yellowish white; quills and tail simi- lar to the back. Is found at Mexico. BLACK MEXICAN SISKIN FINCH. (Fringilla Cacatototl.) Fr, nigricante fulvoque varia, subtus candida. Finch varied with blackish and fulvous, beneath whitish. Fringilla Catotol. Gmel.’ Syst. Nat. 1. 914.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 453. 67. Ligurinus Mexicanus nigro. Bris. 3.71. 6. Cacatototl. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ovs. 4. 234. Black Mexican Siskin, Lath. Gen, Syn. 3, 292. 60. Tuts likewise is found at Mexico, with the pre- ceding, and has a very fine song: it is the size of _ the common Siskin, and has the upper parts of AT 2, CITRIL FINCH. the body variegated with fulvous and dusky; the under parts being white; and legs cinereous: feeds on the seeds of the hoauhtli. CITRIL FINCH. ( Fringula citrinella.) Fr. subvirescens, dorso.fusco-maculato, pedibus hpi & omnore subtus flavescente. Greenish Finch, with the beak spotted with fuscous; feet flesh- coloured; body beneath yellowish. Fringilla citrinella. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 16.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 908.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 454. 70. Serinus Italicus. Briss. 3. 182. 51. Le Venturon de Provence. Buff. Pl. Enl. 658. f. 2. Citril Finch. Willoug. Birds. 205. 46. Pee Gen. Syn. 3. 207. 64. Tue Citril Finch is rather less than the Serin : its beak is brown: the upper parts of the plumage yellowish green, sprinkled with brown : the lesser wing-coverts, and quills, greenish; the greater dusky, edged with green: the under parts of the body, and rump, greenish yellow: the breast of the male brightest: tail-feathers similar to the wing-coverts, and slightly forked: legs flesh- colour. This species has a very fine song, and is very common in Greece, Italy, France, ‘Turkey, and other a places. 473 SERIN FINCH. (Fringilla Serinus.) Fr. subvirescens, mandibula inferiore albida, dorso lateribus fusco maculatis, fascia alarum flava, Greenish Finch, with the lower mandible whitish; the sides of the back spotted with fuscous; and a yellow band on the wings, Fringilla Serinus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 17.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 908.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 454. 69. Serinus. Briss. 3. 179. 50. Serin. Buff. Pl. Enl. 658. f. 1. Serin Finch. . Lath. Gen. Syst. 3, 2960. 63. Lenetu above four inches and a half: the upper mandible of the beak grey brown, the un- der whitish : the prevailing colour of the plumage on the upper parts of the body brown, variegated with yellowish green: under parts of a greenish yellow, striped with longitudinal brown spots: wings with a greenish band: quills brown, with greenish grey borders: tail the same, and slightly forked: legs brown. Is said by Scopoli to become gregarious in the spring, frequenting orchards, frequently taking ‘sudden flights upwards, and, after fluttering and ‘warbling in the air for some time, alights with expanded wings nearly on the same spot from ~whence it arose: is fond of cabbage and hemp- seed. Isa native of Italy, Austria, Turkey, and the southern provinces of France. 4,74: CANARY FINCH. (Fringilla canaria.) Fr. rostro corporeque albo-flavicante, remigibus rectricibusque vi- rescentibus. | Be Finch with the beak and body whitish yellow ; quills and tail- feathers greenish. Fringilla canaria. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 321. 23.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 913.—Lath, Ind. Orn, 1. 454. 68. Serinus canarius. Briss, 3. 184, 52. Le Serin des Canaries. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ous. 4. 1. — Buff. Pl. Enl. 202. f. 1. Serins de Mozambique. Buff: Pl. Enl. 364. f. le -eaphe Canary Finch. Albin. Birds. 1. 65.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 203. 62:.")* | ' Tue beak and legs of this well known bird are pale flesh-colour: the prevailing colour of the plumage yellow, more or less mixed with grey; and in some with brown on the upper parts: tail slightly forked: in a state of nature these birds are chiefly grey; but in confinement they vary ex- ceedingly, scarce any being found exactly similar. Buffon describes a bird, which came from the Mosambique Coast, and appears to be referable to this species: it is rather less, and has a pale. beak : the upper parts of the body are brown ; the under parts and rump yellow: the feathers of the wings, and tail, with pale edges; and the head with two or three yellow streaks: the female is nearly the same. » CANARY FINCH. ye In a wild state, these birds are found principally in the Canary Islands, frequenting damp places: they are likewise found at Palma, Vayal, Cape Verd, and Madeira: it is exceedingly subject to variety, Buffon enumerating twenty-nine, and no doubt many more might be added, if sufficient care was taken in making observations on them: they will breed freely with the Siskin and Gold- finch, particularly the former ; and the pairs suc- ceed best when the female is a Canary and the male of the opposite species; but with the follow- ing birds the reverse is best—the Linnet, Yellow- hammer, Chaffinch, and Sparrow. Im the latter instance it is difficult to succeed, although a fe- male Canary, that has escaped from a cage, has been known to bring up a brood of young, in a bird pot, placed against a house, after pairing with a Sparrow. Buffon observes, that the Siskin is the only bird of which both sexes propagate equally with the Canaries: he has also given an account of the various methods of rearing these birds; which is very instructive and pleasing: which we must refer our readers to, as it is too long for insertion in this work, occupying above fifty pages. They will also breed well with F. serinus, and F, citrinella, which are very remarkable for their song: they are said to live upwards of fifteen years : it is almost needless to mention that their song is very fine, and is very much admired by most persons. VOL, -IX. P. KL So 476 EUSTACHIAN FINCH. (Fringilla Eustachii.) Fr. flava subtus aurantia, macula infra oculos cerulea, alis cau- daque rubris. : Yellow Finch, beneath orange, with a cerulean spot beneath the eyes; wings and tail red. Fringilla Eustachii. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 911.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 448. 54. . Fringilla insule 8S, Eustachii. Bris. 3.177. 48. Le Pingon jaune et rouge. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 145. Eustachian Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 279. 47. Lenetu five inches and a half: beak red: side of the head, beneath the eye, with a blue spot: head, neck, and upper parts, brilliant yellow: wings, tail, and legs, red: breast and under parts orange. Inhabits the Isle of St. Eustatia. 477 YELLOW FINCH. _ (Fringilla butyracea.) Fr. virens, superciliis pectore abdomineque flavis, remigibus primc- ribus margine exteriore albis. Green Finch, with the supercilia, breast, and abdomen yellow, and the exterior margin of the primaries white. Fringilla butyracea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.321. 22.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 913.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 455. 74. Chloris Indica. Bris. 3. 195. 55. Indian Greenfinch, Edwards. 84. Yellow Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 299. 63. ‘Size of F. canaria: beak blackish brown above, paler brown below: irides hazel: over the eyes a yellow streak, and one or two of the same be- neath, with a green one passing through: plumage of the upper parts olive green: quills the same, with whitish edges: under parts of the body, and rump, yellow: tail yellowish green, and forked : legs brown. ‘This species is said to sing most re- markably well, and is a native of the East Indies and the Cape of Good Hope, at which latter place it is extremely abundant. YELLOW-THROATED FINCH. (Fringilla flavicollis.) Fr. cinerea subtus albicans, gula alba macula flavescente, remigi- bus obscurts. | Cinereous Finch, beneath whitish; throat white, with a yellowish spot; quills obscure. Fringilla flavicollis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 926.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 465. 107. wit: Yellow-throated Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 249.—Lath. ‘Syn. Sup. 168. 97. Tus species has the beak blueish grey: the head and upper parts of the body ash-coloured: . chin white: throat with a dull yellow spot: un- der parts of the body dirty white: primary quills — dusky, margined with pale brown: legs blueish grey. Native of New York. 479 CEYLON FINCH. (Fringilla zeylonica.) Fr. flava, dorso virescente, capite nigro, corpore subtus abbo nigricante vario, remigibus rectricibusque nigricantibus. Yellow Finch, with the back greenish ; head black; body beneath white varied with dusky; quills and tail-feathers dusky. Fringilla zeylonica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 906.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 463. 98. Ceylon Finch. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 317. 88. Turis small species has the beak and head — black: the whole body yellow, with a green tinge on the back: quills and tail dusky, their outer edges yellow: under parts of the body dirty white: the supposed female has the beak the same as above; the head tawny; back green ; breast and belly yellowish white; and the wings and tail dusky. Inhabits China. 480 ; FRIZZLED FINCH. 4 ( Fringilla crispa.) Fr. olivacea subtus lutea, capite nigro, pennts plurimis recurvatis. Olive Finch, beneath luteous, head black, with many of the feathers recurved. Fringilla crispa. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 324. 39.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.927.—Bris. App. 80.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 449. 56. Le Pingon frizé. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 148.t. 7. f. 2. Black and yellow Frizzled Sparrow. Edwards, 271. f 1. Frizzled Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 280. 49. ; Tuis most singular bird is the size of F. Coeelebs; and has all the feathers of the body frizzled, like some of the varieties of poultry: the beak is white: head and neck black; with sumetimes a white streak reaching from the fore- head to the crown, and a white patch beneath the eye: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, bright olive; under parts yellow: legs brown. Supposed to inhabit Africa. 481 AUTUMNAL FINCH. (Fringilla Autumnalis. ) Fr. virens, pileo ferrugineo, crisso testaceo. Green Finch, with the top of the head ferruginous, and vent testaceous, Fringilla Autumnalis. zn. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 15.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 908.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 455. 72. Autumnal Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 206. 66. Tue Autumnal Finch is an inhabitant of Suri- nam, and is entirely of a greenish colour, with the top of the head ferruginous, the vent testa- ceous; and the tail is not forked. BAHAMA FINCH. . (Fringilla bicolor.) Fr. capite pectoreque nigris, dorso alts caudaque obscure vires- centibus, Finch with the head and breast black; back, wings, and tail, obscure greenish. Fringilla bicolor. Lin. Syst, Nat. 1. 324. 38.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 927.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 456, 75. Chloris Bahamensis. Bris, 3. 202. 59. Le Verdinere. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 184. Bahama Finch. Penn. Arct, Zool. 2. 247.—Lath. Gen, Syn, 3. 300. 69. THis species is the size of a Canary, and is in length four inches: the beak, head, throat, breast, 4.82 IMPERIAL FINCH. and legs, are black; the rest of the bird dirty ereen: it varies in having a cinereous abdomen, and a red tinged vent ; likewise without the back of the neck and the head being black, and the back tinged with ash-colour. It is a native of the Bahama Islands and Jamaica. It has a very pleas- ing note, which it sings when perched on the tops of trees. | IMPERIAL FINCH. (Fringilla imperialis.) Fr. ferrugineo-rosea, vertice subtusque flava, remigibus caudaque breviore obscuris. Rusty rose-coloured Finch, with the crown and under parts yellow, quills and tail short and obscure. Fringilla imperialis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 466. 111. Imperial Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup. 169. 100. Descrisep by Dr. Latham, from a drawing in the possession of Sir Joseph Banks: ‘‘ Size of the Amaduvade Finch: length three inches and a half: beak dusky red: crown, and all the under parts of the body, yellow: the upper parts pale ferruginous rose-colour: quills and tail dusky ; the last short: legs pale dusky red. Inhabits China.” 483 N GREEN-RUMPED FINCH. (Fringilla multicolor. ) ‘Fr. nigra subtus flavescens, dorso infimo femoribusque viridibus, tectricibus alarum macula remigiumque secundarium fascia alba. — Black Finch, beneath yellowish, with the lower part of the back and the thighs green, wing-coverts with a spot, and secondary quills with a fascia, white. Fringilla Multicolor. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 924.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 405. 106. Green-rumped Finch. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 320, 96. Saip by Mr. Pennant to inhabit Ceylon: it has the beak blueish: head, hind part of the neck, upper part of the back, and tail, black: cheeks, chin, and rest of the under parts, light yellow: wings black; coverts with a white spot: seconda- ries tipped with white: lower part of the back and thighs green: vent yellow: legs grey. 484 - TESTACEOUS FINCH. (Fringilla testacea.) Fr, testaceo-ferrugineo nigro nebulosa, remigibus rectricibusque fuscis, rostro pedisque carneis. Finch of a testaceous rust-colour, clouded with black, with the quills and tail-feathers fuscous, beak and feet flesh- coloured. de Fringilla testacea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 928.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 465. 110. Testaceous Finch. . Lath. Syn. Sup. 169. 102. In length five and a half inches: beak pale red: irides black : head, neck, back, breast, and belly, rust-colour, variegated with black ; the two latter palest: wings and tail brown: legs flesh-colour. Supposed to inhabit Portugal. BEARDED FINCH. | (Fringilla barbata.) Fr. lutea, alis viridibus nigro rubroque maculatis, gula barbata. _ Luteous Finch, with the wings green spotted with black and red, throat bearded. Fringilla barbata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 915.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 456. 76. Bearded Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup, IT, 208. 7. Tue beak of this is white at the base, and black at the tip: the head black and shining: from the NORTON FINCH. | 485 chin hangs a tuft of black feathers, similar in appearance to a beard; and which, in old birds, extends to the middle of the breast: the body is yellow, with a green tinge: the wings are green, yellow, red, and black, mixed: tail brown: female entirely grey; the chin without the beard-like appendage, and the wings with yellow spots. Found in the mountainous districts of Chili, building in trees a nest composed of straw and feathers, and laying two eggs: the male has a very fine song, and is often kept in cages, but the female is silent: it is called by the Spaniards Jilguero, and its flesh is in high estimation, being reckoned very delicious. NORTON FINCH. (Fringilla nortoniensis. ) Fr, nigra, subtus alba, jugulo ferrugineo maculato, remigibus cau- daque nigricantibus, rectrice extima linea longitudinali alba. Black Finch, beneath white; jugulum spotted with ferruginous ; quills and tail blackish; the outer tail-feather with a longitu- dinal white line. Fringilla nortoniensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 922.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 446. 42. ° Norton Finch. Penn, Arct. Zool. 2. 256.—Lath. Gen. Syn, 3. 374. 36. Tus bird has the head and upper part of the neck black, edged with bright bay colour: the belly and sides white: primary quills. dusky; secondaries black, edged with bright brown: the 486 BLACK-COLLARED FINCH. shafts of the sides and front of the neck ferru- ginous: tail dusky, with dirty white edges; the outer feather with a clear white line running its whole length. Native of Norton Sound. BLACK-COLLARED FINCH. ( Fringilla Abyssinica. ) Fr, flava, subtus collarique cervicis nigra, alis caudaque nigris marginibus flavescentibus. Yellow Finch, beneath and collar round the neck black; wings and tail black, with yellowish margins. Fringilla Abyssinica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 927.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 457. 79. ' Le Worabée. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 54. _ Black-collared Finch. ~ Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 300. 76. Kwown at Abyssinia, of which place it is an in- habitant, by the name of Worabee: it is the size of a Canary: the beak is black: the cheeks, throat, fore-part of the neck, breast, and upper part of the belly, black: at the back of the neck arises a collar of black, which unites on the fore- part: wing-coverts and quills black, with pale margins : crown of the head, rest of the body, and lower part of the belly, yellow: tail black, with greenish yellow edges: legs pale brown: is met with in flocks, and feeds on the seed of a plant called nuk. 487 SURINAM FINCH. (Fringilla Surinama. ) Fr. grisea, remigibus utrinque albis, rectricibus lateralibus intus albis. | Grey Finch, with the quills on both sides white, the lateral tail-feathers white within. Fringilla Surinama. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 317. 2.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 900.—Lath, Ind, Orn. 1. 447. 47. Surinam Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 276. 41. Beak yellow: general colour of the plumage grey; belly lightest: quills black; the primaries white near the base, the secondaries white at the base and tips: tail blackish, the first and second feathers with a white spot on the inside, and the third, fourth, and sixth, tipped with that colour: inhabits Surinam : has but a trifling note. A838 SWAMP FINCH. ( Fringilla iliaca.) Fr. cinereo-olivacea, pennis apice fuscis, subtus alba, pectore maculis griseo-fuscis, remigibus fuscis margine rufis, wropygio caudaque rufis. Grey-olive Finch, with the tips of the feathers fuscous ; beneath white; breast spotted with grey brown; quills fuscous with rufous margins ; rump and tail rufous. Fringilla iliaca. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 923.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. — 438. 16. Swamp Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup. 1I. 206. 2. Tuis bird, which is known at Hudson’s Bay by the name of Swamp or Wilderness Sparrow, is a large species, measuring above seven inches in length: the beak is yellow: cheeks white: body greyish olive above; all the feathers with black tips: beneath white: breast spotted with grey brown: rump and tail rufous: legs yellow. In- habits Georgia and Hudson’s Bay. 489. LAPLAND FINCH. _ (Fringilla lapponica. ) Fr. capite-nigro, corpore: griseo nigroque, superciltis albis, rectri- cibus extimis macula alba cunetformi, Finch with a black head, body black and grey, supercilia white, and outer tail-feathers with a white wedge-shaped spot. Fringilla lapponica. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 317. 1.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 235.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 900.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 440. 18. Fringilla montana. Bris. 3. 160. 38. Le grand Montain. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 5.134. Greater Brambling. Albin. 3. 63. Lapland Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 259.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 263. 14. Tue Lapland Finch is larger than the Chaf- finch, being six inches and a half in length: beak horn-colour, tipped with black: head blackish, spotted with reddish white: upper part of the neck, back, and body, rufous, with brown spots : behind each eye a white lunulated spot: lesser wing-coverts pale rufous; middle ones black, with yellow margins, and white tips, forming a bar of that colour on the wing: quills black, edged.with pale yellowish green: throat, fore-part of the neck, and breast, pale rufous: belly, thighs, and vent, white: tail black, edged with pale greenish yellow, and slightly forked: legs black: female paler than the male. | | This species is a native of Lapland, and part of Siberia, and occasionally the fields of the inner 490 WINTER FINCH. bays of Greenland: it generally breeds in the northern parts, uniting into flocks: it has very much the habit of a Lark, running on the ground, and vibrating in the air like that bird: its nest is composed of moss and grass, lined with feathers : the female lays five or six eggs of a brownish slate, variegated with a duller colour. In the autumn it is supposed to migrate to America, being found at Hudson’s Bay, where it is called Tecumashish, about November, among juniper trees. WINTER FINCH. © (Fringilla hyemalis.) Fr. fusca nigro nebulosa, subtus alba, collo inferiore pectore - lateribusque fusco maculatis. Fuscous Finch, clouded with black; beneath white; the lower part of the neck, breast, and sides, spotted with fuscous. Fringilla hyemalis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 922.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 4406. 43. Winter Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool, 2. 254.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 274. 37. Turis has the head, neck, and breast, light brown, variegated with black: front of the neck, breast, © and sides, white, sprinkled with a few small brown spots: wing-coverts and primaries brown, margined with white: belly plain white. Inha- bits New York in the winter. 491 CARTHAGENA FINCH. (Fringilla carthaginiensis. ) Fr. tota cinerea fusco flavoque maculata, rostro pedibusque pallide fuscis. Finch entirely cinereous, spotted with brown and yellow; beak and feet pale fuscous. | Fringilla carthaginiensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 907.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 465. 108. . Carthagena Finch. Lath. Syn, Sup. 169. 99. Larcer than the Canary Finch: its beak pale brown: prevailing colour of the plumage ash- colour, with brown and yellow spots: legs brown- ish. Found in the woods of Carthagena: said to live on seeds, and to sing similar to the Chaf- finch, . Vv. 1x, Pe Il. 33 492 SNOW FINCH. (Fringilla nivalis. ) Fr. nigra subtus nivea, remigibus secundarius rectricibusque albis. Black Finch, beneath snowy white, secondary quills and tail- feathers white, ' Fringilla nivalis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 321. 21.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 911.—Bris. 3. 162. 39. t. 15. f. 1.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 440. 19. Pingon de neige, ou Niverolle. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ows. 4. 136. Snow Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 264. 15. In length seven inches: beak black: head and hind part of the neck ash-colour : back, scapulars, and rump, grey brown, with pale margins: under parts of the body snowy white; wing-coverts the same; bastard wing, and greater quills, black; the two secondary quills nearest the body brown, the rest of them white: thighs pale ash-colour : upper tail-coverts black; the two middle tail- feathers the same, the rest white with black tips. This bird is very abundant in some parts of France, and is pretty generally diffused over Europe, but is not an inhabitant of this country: is likewise found among the Caucassian and Per- sian mountains, retiring to the plains in the au- tumn, to avoid the inclemency of the approach- ing season. 493 WHITE-HEADED FINCH. ( Fringilla leucocephala.) Fr. fusco-rufa, capite albo, uropygio rubro, fascia pectoris lunu- laque ante oculos nigris. Brown-red Finch, with a white head, red rump, band on the breast, and lunule before the eyes, black. Fringilla leucocephala. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. xlviti. 1. White-headed Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. 210, 12. t. 132. Tue White-headed Finch has the beak crimson : the head, neck, and under parts from the breast, white: the breast and sides being black, the latter spotted with white: between the beak and eye is a small lunulated black spot: upper parts of the back, wings, and tail, reddish brown: lower part of the back, and rump, crimson: legs pale brown: the female has the head ash-coloured, and the red- dish brown colour on the upper parts of the body paler than the male. Inhabits New Hoiland. 44 GREY-HEADED FINCH. ( Fringilla cana.) Fr. luteo-fusca subtus lutea, capite gulaque griseis, rectricibus fuscis lineolis albis. Luteous-brown Finch, beneath luteous, with the head and throat grey, the tail-feathers fuscous, with white stripes. Fringilla cana. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 920.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 443. 30. | 1a Serinus jamaicensis. Bris. 3.189. 53. Grey-headed Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 270. 26. Native of Jamaica: length eight inches : upper mandible of the beak blueish brown; under man- dible paler: head grey: upper parts of the neck and body yellowish brown: under parts yellow, except the throat, which is grey: wings and tail dull brown, striped with lines of white: vent white: legs blueish: claws brown. | 495 CAPSA FINCH. (Fringilla- capsa.) Fr. rufo-grisea, facie gulaque alba, alis caudaque nigris, cauda Sorjicata. Reddish-grey Finch, with the face and throat white, wings and tail biack, the latter forked. Fringilla capsa. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 912.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1, A440. 20. Le dattier. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3.487. Capsa Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 205. 17. Size of the House Sparrow: beak short and thick ; the upper mandible black, the under yel- lowish: fore-part of the head and throat white: rest of the head and upper parts of the body grey, inclining to red, especially on the breast: wings black, reaching two-thirds the length of the tail, which is also black, and forked: legs yellowish. Inhabits Abyssinia and Barbary : is common about _granaries, assembling in flocks: it is said to have a very fine and agreeable note, much superior to that of the Canary, or Nightingale, but dies on being _ transported from its native place: it is also com- mon about the Date villages. 496 WHITE-CHEEKED FINCH. (Fringilla neevia. ) Fr. cinerea maculis obscuris, subtus cinerea, genis albis, loris rupis, striga maxillart nigra. Cinereous Finch, with obscure spots, beneath cinereous, cheeks white, lores rufous, with a black stripe near the jaw. : Fringilla nevia. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.911.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 448, 51. , White-cheeked Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 278. 44, Tue White-cheeked Finch is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and is the size of the Com- mon Sparrow; measuring near six inches in length: beak, head, and neck, pale cinereous ; the upper parts of the latter marked with dusky streaks: sides of the head white, with a reddish streak passing through the eye, which is bounded on the under part with black, and joins another black streak, arising at the base of the under man- dible: back and wing pale rufous, with dusky streaks : under parts of the body plain cinereous : tail dusky : legs black. | 497 ORANGE FINCH. (Fringilla zena. ) Fr. nigra subtus alba, linea supra infraque oculos candida, pectore fulvo, gula macula flava. Black Finch, beneath white, with a white line above and be- ‘neath the eyes, breast fulvous, throat with a yellow spot. Fringilla zena. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 13,.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 907.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 446. 46. Fringilla bahamensis.. Briss. 3. 108. 43. Le Pingon 4 téte noire et blanche. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 140. Orange Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 144.—Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 276. 40. Tue Orange Finch is above six inches in length: the beak is lead-coloured: the head, front of the neck, back, and scapulars, are black ; the former with two streaks of white, one of which is above, the other beneath the eye: irides pale: throat with a large yellow spot: hind part of the neck dull red: breast orange-colour ed: wings brown ; their coverts with a salhite band: rump and unper tail-coverts dull red: tail brown: legs the same as the beak: female with the colours less brilliant : and with the head and neck cinereous, which co- lour is very predominant over the whole plumage: the under parts of the body are palest. Found in various parts of the West Indies, and South America. ee STRIPED-HEADED FINCH. (Fringilla striata.) Fr. fusca nebulosa, subtus genis gulague alba, capite vittis tribus nigris, fronte lorisque flavis. i Brown clouded Finch, beneath with the cheeks and throat white, head with three black vitta, forehead and lores yellow. Fringilla striata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 923.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 446. 44. a Striped-headed Finch, Penn, Arct. Zool. 2. 250.—Lath. Gen. -- Syn. 3. 275. 38. Beak lead-coloured: lores and forehead yel- low: head with three black stripes, and one’ be- hind the eye: sides of the head and chin white, the latter the clearest: breast blue grey: upper parts clouded with brown, the shafts of the fea- thers darkest: wing-coverts plain brown: quills dusky : belly pale-coloured : tail brown, and slight- Jy wedge-shaped: legs pale brown: length five inches and half. Found at New York. 499 WHITE-THROATED FINCH. (Fringilla pensylvanica. ) Fr. nigricans rufo varia, subtus genisque cinereo-alba, fascia ocu- lari nigricante, superciliis fulvis, gula alba, Blackish Finch, varied with rufous ; beneath and cheeks greyish- ‘white, with a blackish stripe near the eyes ; supercilia fulyous ; throat white. , Fringilla pensylvanica. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 445. 36. Passer pensylvaticus. Bris. App. 77. Fringilla albicollis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 921. White-throated Sparrow. Edwards. 304. White-throated Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2, 248.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3, 272. 32.— Lath. Syn. Sup, 160. In length six inches and a half: beak dusky: supercilia yellow ; stripe from the jaw to the eyes dusky : prevailing colour of the plumage above reddish brown: edge of the wing pale yellow: throat white: cheeks and under parts of the body dirty white: irides hazel: legs flesh-colour: the supposed female wants the white spot on the chin, and has the yellow stripe on the sides of the head very obscure. Native of Pensylvania, New York, and Newfoundland. 500 SAVANNA FINCH. (Fringilla Savannarum.) Fr. nebulosa, abdomine albo, jugulo pectoreque fuscescentibus, re- migibus apice superciliisque luters. Clouded Finch, with the abdomen white, jugulum and breast fuscescent, tip of the quills and supercilia luteous. Fringilla Savannarum. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 921.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1, 443. 3]. Passer jamaicensis, Bris. 3. 99. 13. Savanna Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. t. 3. 170.27. Tue Savanna Finch has the beak brown: super- cilia yellow: crown of the head and upper parts of the body dull brown, mixed with white : belly white: the rest of the under parts pale yellowish brown: quills the same, with white tips: tail brown: legs whitish. Inhabits Jamaica. COWPEN. FINCH. _ (Fringilla Pecoris.) Fr. fusca subtus dilutior, cauda subforcipata. Fuscous Finch, palest beneath, with the tail slightly forked. Fringilla Pecoris. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.910.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 443. 28. Fringilla virginiana. Bris. 3. 165. 41. Le Brunet. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 138. Cowpen Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 241.—Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 269. 29.—Lath. Syn, Sup. 165. Lancer than IF. montifringilla, being near seven inches in length: beak dusky: prevailing colour of the plumage brown; with the back, wings, and tail darkest, and glossed with green and blue: under parts lightest: legs brown: female deep brown: breast and belly ash-coloured: chin whitish: wings and tail dusky, bordered with brown. This species is a native of Virginia, Carolina, and New York: it delights to feed in the pens with cattle, and lays five eggs about June. 202 COLLARED FINCH. (Fringilla Indica, ) Fr. cinereo-fusca, subtus rufo-alba, capistro jugulo torqueque coll albis, fascia pectorali alis caudaque nigris. Cinereous-brown Finch ; beneath rufous white; capistrum, jugu- lum, and ruff of the neck white, with a band on the breast; the wings and tail black. : Fringilla Indica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 928.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 449, 57. Fringilla torquata indica. Bris. App. 85. Le Pingon a double collier. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ors. 4. 149. Collared Finch. Edwards. 272.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 280. 50. Tus inhabits India: the beak and head are black: the throat, capistrum, and line round the eyes white ; forming a collar on the neck; on the lower part of which, in front, is a Bleek band: upper parts of the body grey brown, the rump palest : wing-coverts and secondaries black, edged with shining rufous: greater quills black: under parts of the body rufous white : tail and legs grey- brown. 503 PINE FINCH. ( Fringilla Pinetorum. ) Fr. supra ex rufescente testacea, subtus flaca, fascia pectorala transversa ferrugined. . Finch above of a reddish testaceous, beneath yellow, with a transverse ferruginous band on the breast. -Fringilla Pinetorum. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 926.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 445. 40. Pine Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup. I]. 207. 5. Tue Pine Finch is entirely testaceous, with a rufescent tinge above, and yellow beneath, with a transverse band of ferruginous on the breast. It is a native of the pine forests of Siberia. RUSTY-COLLARED FINCH. (Fringilla australis.) Fr, fusca collart ferrugineo. Brown Finch, with a rust-coloured collar. Fringilla australis. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 406. 112. Rusty-collared Finch. Lath, Syn. Sup. 170. 103. Tuts species inhabits the island of Terra del Fuego, and has a rust-coloured collar round the neck, and the rest of the plumage brown. 504 GRASS FINCH. (Fringilla graminea.) Fr. cinereo ferrugineo nigroque varia, subtus alba, pectore lateribus- que maculatis, genis remigibus rectricibusque fuscis. « Grey Finch varied with ferruginous and black; beneath white ; breast and sides spotted; cheeks, quills, and tail-feathers fuscous. ; ; Fringilla graminea, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 922.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 445. 38. Grass Finch. Penn, Arct. Zool. 2. 253.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 273, 34. Tue Grass Finch has the head, upper part of the neck, and back, grey ferruginous and black | mixed: lesser wing-coverts bay-coloured; the others black, margined with white: lower part of the neck, and sides, white, streaked: cheeks brown: belly pure white: primary quills dusky, edged with white: tail dusky. Inhabits New York. FASCIATED FINCH. (Fringilla fasciata.) Fr. maculata, supra ferruginea, subtus alba, cauda fusca fasciis numerosis nigricantibus. Spotted Finch, above ferruginous, beneath white, tail brown, with many blackish fasciz. Fringilla fasciata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 922.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 445. 37, . Fasciated Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 252.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 273.33. Accorpine to Mr. Pennant, this species is a native of New York, and has the crown, and hind part of the head, rust-coloured, and spotted with black: wings ferruginous: primary quills dusky, margined with dirty white: back similar to the hind part of the head, but with larger spots: under parts of the body white, streaked with black: tail brown, undulated with dusky lines. 506 BONANA FINCH. (Fringilla Jamaica.) Fr. grisea, pectore viridi-ceerulescente, remigibus rectricibusque Nigris. Grey Finch with the breast green ccerulean, the quills and tail- feathers black. Fringilla Jamaica, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 323. 33.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 920.—Bris. 366. 1. 42.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 443. 29. Le Bonana. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 139. Bonana Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 269. 25. Lenetu five inches: beak black: plumage above dull blue: beneath pale blue, the belly tinged with yellow: wing-coverts, quills, and tail greenish blue: legs black: female similar to the male. Inhabits Jamaica. ; ULTRAMARINE FINCH. (Fringilla ultramarina.) Fr. tota intense cerulea, rostro albo, pedibus rubris. Finch entirely of a beautiful blue, rostrum white, feet red. Fringilla ultramarina. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 927.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 457. 78. L’Outre-mer. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 4. 56. Ultramarine Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 301. 71. Tuis brilliant little species is a native of Abys- sinia, and is the size of the Canary: its beak is white, and legs red: the whole of the plumage is PURPLE FINCH. 507 of a beautiful ultramarine blue: young bird, and female, grey: the male obtains his blue colour in _ the spring of the second year; he has a very fine song. PURPLE FINCH. (Fringilla purpurea, ) Fr. subviolacea, ventre candido, remit entus caudaque a medio ad apicem fuscis. _ Subviolet Finch; belly white; the inner part of the quills and the tail, from the middle to the tip, fuscous. Fringilla purpurea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 923.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 446. 45. | Pyrrhula Carolinensis violacea. Briss, 3. 324. 8. Bouvreuil violet de la Caroline. sis Hist. Nat. Ots. 4.395. Purple Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 3.258.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 275. 39. Near six inches in length: prevailing colour of the plumage violet: belly white: inside of the quills brown: tail slightly forked : female brown, _ except the breast, which is slightly spotted with dark brown. This bird feeds on the berries of the juniper, and the buds of fruit trees. It is a native of Caro- lina, but disappears on the approach of winter. ele, oP. ite 34 &y ) oa) BLUE-HEADED FINCH. (Fringilla cyanea) Fr. cerulea, linea frontali gula lunulaque dente nigris, remi- gibus fuscis, cauda migricante, — Blue Finch, with a line on the forehead, throat and lunule on the back black; quills-brown ; tail-dusky. Fringilla cyanomelas. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 924.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 464. 102. : : Demi-fin noir et bleu. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 5. 327. Blue-headed Finch, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 319. 92. Beak brown: head and neck blue: between the eyes a narrow black line: chin and throat. black, with a lunulated spot of that colour on the upper part of the back: wing-coverts, lower part of the back and rump, breast, belly, and vent, blue: quills blackish brown, with blueish-green edges: tail dusky black: legs brown. | 509 BLUE-CROWNED FINCH. ( Fringilla cyanocephala.) Fr. rubro- -fusca, veriice uropygioque cee subtus flava, nucha rubra, orbitis albis. Red-brown Finch, with the crown and rump blue, under ee yellow, nucha red, orbits white. ‘Fringilla cyanocephala. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. gu. —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.464. 104. Blue-crowned Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 319. 94. Tuts bird inhabits Senegal : it is seven inches in length: the beak is dusky: the crown of the head blue, bounded with red behind: cheeks white: hind part of the head and back reddish brown: quills black ; middle and greater coverts margined with white ; lower part of the back and rump pale blue: under parts of the body yellow: thighs and vent white: tail black: legs pale brown. J10 BLUE-FACED FINCH. (Fringilla tricolor.) Fr. nigra, capite uropygioque cyaneis, humeris viridibus, abdomine fiavescente. Black Finch, with the head and rump blue, shoulders green, and abdomen flavescent. , Fringilla tricolor. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 323. 34.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.923.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 464. 101. Blue-faced Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 318.91. Tue Blue-faced Finch has the forehead, tem- | ples, and throat, blue: base of the beak, and back black: shoulders green: quills black, the pri- — maries green on the outer edge: under parts of the body yellowish white: tail black. Inhabits Surinam. $14 CUBA FINCH. (Fringilla Maia.) Fr. purpurascens, fascia pectoralis saturatiore. Purplish Finch, with a darker fascia on the breast, Fringilla Maia. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.323. 35.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. (2. 994.—Briss. 3. 214. 66. t. 7. f. 3.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 462.96. ; Le Maia de la Cuba. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 105. 3.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 109. f. 2. Cuba Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 315. 86. Tuis destructive bird is a native of Cuba: it is in length near four inches: its beak is grey: the head, neck, and under parts of the body, are dusky : the breast with a band of purplish chesnut ; of which colour are also the back, upper parts of the body, and tail: quills grey-brown, with ches- - nut margins: legs lead-coloured: female with the head, neck, upper parts of the body, quills, and tail, fulvous: throat purplish chesnut, with a spot of that colour on each side of the breast; the rest of the under parts dirty yellowish white: legs and beak greyish. ; This species is very destructive to the rice-fields: it 1s gregarious, and its flesh is considered to be very good eating. 512 LUNAR FINCH. (Fringiila torquata.) Fr, subrubra, uropygio caruleo lunula gulari nigra, remigibus nigris, ceruleo terminatis, ad apicem macula alba. Reddish Finch, with the rump cerulean; a lunule on the throat black; quills black terminated with. weioaih with a tea spot towards the tip. Fringilla torquata. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 924.—Lath. Ind, Orn: 1. 465. 105. 4 Lunar Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn, 3. 320. 95. Ss Tue Lunar Finch has a dusky black beak: the head, neck, and back, are reddish; the latter with a brown tinge: throat with a narrow black crescent, bounded below with yellow: quills black, with blue ends, and each of them tipped with white: rump pale blue: tail and legs black. Native of the East Indies. © 513 LEPID FINCH. (Fringilla lepida.) Fr. fusco-virens , fascia supra-oculart infra-oculart gulaque fulvis pectore nigro. Brown-green Finch, with a band above, and another beneath _ the eyes, and the throat fulvous, breast black. i Fringilla lepida. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 14.—Gmel. "Us. Nat. 1, 907.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 455. 73. Lepid Finch. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 29. 67.—Lath, Syn. Sup, 167. Tuis bird is about four inches in length: the beak and eyes are black, with a fulvous stripe above, and another smaller one beneath the eye: chin fulvous: breast black: general colour of the plumage greenish brown: Tegs grey. This bird has a very weak voice, and is frequently singing : it is easily tamed, and inhabits the woods about Havannah, in the island of Cuba. FIRE FINCH. (Fringilla ignita.) Fr, fusco-rubra nitens, rostro remigibus caudaque obscuris. Brown-red shining Finch, with the beak, quills, and tail dull, Fringilla ignita. Gmel. Syst. Nat, 1. a6. —Laih. Ind. Orn 1. 464. 100. Fire Finch. Brown's Illust. Sit Gen, Syn. 3. 318. 90. Tue Fire Finch is the size of the Lesser Red- pole: beak dusky yellowish at the base: the prevail- ing colour of the plumage glossy brownish red ;. the vent darkest: quills and tail dusky : legs flesh- colour: female pale reddish brown: forehead, and between the eyes, crimson: tail reddish, dusky at the tip. Inhabits Gambia. plo SHARP-TAILED FINCH. (Fringilla caudacuta.) Fr, fusco rufoque varia, superciliis gula cerviceque rufis, cauda ine tegra, rectricibus omnibus apice acutis. Finch varied with fuscous and red, with the supercilia, throat, - and neck rufous; tail intire, with all the feathers acute at the tip. Fringilla caudacuta. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 459. 85. Sharp-tailed Finch, Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 208. 9. Axsove four and a half inches in length: beak pale: irides dark brown: prevailing colour of the plumage mottled brown and pale rufous; the margins of the feathers being the latter: throat, and streak over the eyes, pale rufous: lower part of the neck dark rufous: feathers of the tail with acute tips. Found in the inner parts of Georgia, in North America. | GREATER REDPOLE FINCH. (Fringilla cannabina.) Fr. fusco-castanea, subtus albo-r ufescens, fascia lilly longituali nali alba, macula verticis pectoreque rubris. Fuscous-chesnut Finch, beneath white red, with a longitudinal white fascia on the wings, and a red spot on the crown and breast. Fringilla cannabina, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 322. 28.—Lin. Few, Suec. 240.—Gmel.- Syst. Nat. 1. 916.—Lath. Ind. Orn 1. 458. 82. Linaria rubro major. Briss. 3. 135. 30. La grande Linotte des vignes. Buff. Hist. Nat. Gis. 4. (58.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 485. f 1. Greater red-headed Linnet, or Redpole. Penn. Brit. Zool. 4, 131. t. 54.—Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 261.—Albin. Birds. 3. t. 72. 73,—Lewin, Brit. Birds. 2. f: 84.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 2. —Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 304.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 167.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 173. Fringilla Linota. Gmel. Bi. Nat, 1. 916. —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 457. 81. Linaria. Briss, 3. 131. 29. La Linotte. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 58. t. 1.—Buff. Pl. Eni. Eole 7, 1. Common Linnet. Penn. Brit. Zool. 130.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 83.— Montagu. Brit. Birds. 1.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1.171. —Lath, Gen, Syn. 3. 302, 73. Tere appears to be no doubt that the Linnet and Greater Redpole of Anthors are the same species, and that the former is the young bird: as such we shall consider them. The Redpole is sub- ject to considerable variety with respect to the ted markings which are found on the head and GREATER REDPOLE FINCH. 517 breast, at certain seasons, and have been the occa- sion of its being described as two species: in full plumage, the male has the beak blueish: irides hazel: head light brown, the feathers on the crown darkest in the middle: sides of the neck inclining to cinereous: the forehead rosy red : back, scapulars, and wing-coverts deep rufous brown, lightest on the rump, and palest on the margin of each feather: breast brown, more or less spotted like the crown of the head: belly light rufous brown: vent nearly white: quills dusky black, with more or less white on their webs, forming a conspicuous bar of that colour on the wings: tail forked; the feathers similar to the quills, black, margined with white, which latter colour predominates on the inner webs: tail-co- verts black, with grey edges: legs brown: female more dusky brown: wing-coverts rufous brown: sides of the throat dirty white, the middle part streaked; breast and sides pale brown, with dusky streaks: quills and tail like the male, but not so deeply fringed with white. The Linnet of Anthors differs principally in having the breast of a deep crimson; which colour disappears after some time, and never returns; and in wanting the red spot on the forehead: but in respect to the latter distinction, Dr. Latham gives it as his opi- nion, that the red feathers do not appear till the end of the second year; having observed a male in which the forehead appeared similar in colour to the rest of the body, but on lifting up the fea- thers with a pin,a tinge of red was very perceptible; 518 GREATER REDPOLE FINCH. and in some specimens that he procured they were bright crimson beneath. Colonel Montagu likewise mentions having caught many of both sexes on their nests, the males of which he found with a little tinge of red on the breast only, and from that every intermediate stage to the full red on the breast and head. The nest of this species is composed of moss and bents, mixed with wool, and lined with hair and wool: its eggs are four or five in number, of a blueish white colour, sprinkled with purplish specks and lines: the first brood is hatched in May, but if the nest is destroyed, is said to make a fresh one as late as August. These birds fre- quently fly in flocks during the winter, and feed on many kinds of seeds, particularly flax: they seem to be most partial to furzy commons, where they generally build their nests : their song is very ~ beautiful, and finely varied ; .they easily adopt that — of other birds, when confined with them, and will often learn to pronounce words with great clear- ness: their manners are very gentle. Are common throughout Europe, and are sometimes found in North America: they chiefly breed in the north- ern parts of England, upon the mountains. ) wy) 7 aA , d; “/) i yy) : Jiggs LESSER REDPOLE FINCH. \ h 5TF LESSER REDPOLE FINCH. (Fringilla Linaria.) Fr. fusco griseogue varia, subtus albo rufescens, fascia alarum duplici albida, vertice pectoreque rubris. Finch varied with fuscous and grey; beneath Meagich white, with a double white band on the wings; crown and breast red, ‘ Fringilla Linaria. Lin, Syst. 1. 322. 29.—Lin. Faun. Suec, 241. —Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 917.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 458. 83. Linaria rubra minor. Briss. 3. 138. 31. Le Sizerin, petite linotte des vignes. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 16: Buff. Pk: Enl. 151 By. 2. Lesser red-headed Linnet, or Redpole. Penn. Brit. Zool. 132. 54.—Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 262.— Albin. Birds. 3, 75.— Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 85.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 2.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3, 305. 75.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 167.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 174. —Don. Brit. Birds. 5.114. © e In length five inches: beak inclining to dull yellow : irides hazel: forehead purplish red; the feathers of all the other parts above are analy, edged with rufous brown: chin black: throat and breast pink: sides streaked with dusky: belly white: quills and tail dusky, margined with pale brown: in some the rump is tinged with blossom- colour: legs dusky: female lighter in colour; with the head yellowish, and the throat and breast. — without the pink hue: the young bird very much resembles the female: the males are subject to very great variety. This species is very common in the winter, in the southern parts of England, when it becomes 620 LESSER REDPOLE FINCH. gregarious, and numbers are taken near London, where it is often called the Stone Redpole. It is said to breed in the northern parts of this country, and to construct its nest of bents and moss, put together, and lined with willow down: it lays four or five eggs, which are of a blueish green colour, sprinkled with reddish spots, but most so at the larger end: according to Mr. Pennant, the female is so tenacious of her nest, as to suffer him to take her off with his hand, and even after she was released she would not forsake it. It is said by Linneeus and others to be very partial to the seeds of the alder, and that it associates with the Siskin, and frequents alder woods, for the sake of picking the catkins; during which time it hangs like tk Titmouse with its back downwards, and is so in- tent on its work, that dozens may be taken, by means of a twig ficroned at the end of a long pole, and smeared with birdlime. It appears to be very abundant over the whole of the northern parts of the globe, being found in Kurope, Asia, and North America. 521 TWITE FINCH. (Fringilla montium.) Fr. supra varia, subtus rufescens, abdomine albido, superciliis fasciaque alarum rufescentibus, vertice uropygioque rubrise Finch above varied; beneath rufescent, with the abdomen ~ white; supercilia and band on the wings PURESCERE, top of the head and rump red. Fringilla Linaria. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 459. 83. 8. Linaria minima, Briss. 3. 142. 32. Le Cabaret. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 76.—Buf-Pl. Enl. 485, J: 2. Twite. Albin. 3. 74.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 307. B. Mountain Linnet. Penn. Brit. Zool. 133. 53.—Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 380. u.—Lewin. Brit. Birds, 2. 86. B. nigro nufescentegue varia, subtus albida, pennis tn collo infer riore medio nigris, fascia alarum alba, uropygio rubro. Varied with black and reddish ; beneath whitish ; the feathers of the lower part of the neck black in the middle ; "OES with white fascia; rump red. Fringilla montium. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 917.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1,459. 84. Linaria montana, _ Briss. 3. 145. 33. La Linotte de Montagne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 74. Mountain Linnet, Will. Angl, 261.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 307. 76. A. Tue Twite is rather larger than the Greater Redpole, being about six inches in length: the beak is yellowish, with a brown tip: irides hazel: top of the head and rump red: between the beak and eye, and on the chin, 2 brown spot: streak above the eyes rufous: upper parts of the body dusky black, with rufous edges; under parts ru- 5Q2 TWITE FINCH. fous white, with the throat marked with blackish spots: belly white: legs brown or black. Like the Redpole, this bird is subject to great variety in respect to the red markings; the breast being found of that colour as well as the head and rump. The Mountain Linnet is a variety of this species, ‘differing in being rather larger, and in having the beak pale: the head dusky, edged with cinereous, and no traces of crimson on it: the throat and breast blackish, with pale edges: wings and tail dusky: tips of the greater coverts and secondaries whitish: legs pale brown: females of both varie- ties without the red on the rump. Twites are observed in the flight season near London, with other Linnets, and are taken together by the bird-catchers: they breed in the northern parts of England, and their nest is composed of moss and roots of plants mixed with heath, and lined with finer heath and fibrous roots: their eggs are the size of the Linnet’s, of a blueish white, faintly spotted with purplish red at the larger-end. It is very probable that this species received its name from its twittering unmusical note, which the bird-catchers are so well acquainted with that they can tell whether there be any Twites among a flock of Linnets, merely from this circumstance. It is a native of many parts of Europe. 523 ARCTIC FINCH. (Fringilla flavirostris.) Fr. fusca: rostro-fluvicante, pennis pectoris apice roseis, cauda subforcipata. Fuscous Finch, with a yellowish beak; feathers of the breast tipped with rose-colour ; tail slightly forked. Fringilla flavirostris. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 322. 27.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 239.—Gmel. Soe Nat. 1. 915.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 438. 16. Fringilla fusca. Bris. 3. 154. B. Le Pincon brun. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 121. Arctic Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 379. A.—Lath. Gen. Syn. os 260, 12. Or this species the male is entirely of an ob- scure sooty colour; paler beneath: the feathers on the breast frequently having the tips varied with a garnet colour: quills and tail dusky, edged with grey; the latter forked: legs black: female brown, in other respects similar to the male: beak in both sexes yellow, with a browntip. This bird inhabits Norway and the north-east of Siberia, and is generally seen about barns. Wi-TX. Ps ti. r 86 524 CHINESE FINCH. (Fringilla sinica.) — Fr. rufo olwacea, subtus testacea, remigibus rectricibusque nigris basi luteis. | Rufous-olive Finch, beneath testaceous ; quills and tail-feathers black; luteous at the base. Fringilla sinica. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 321. 20.—Gimel, Syst. Nat. - 1..910.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 447. 49. 7 L’Olivette. Buff. Hist. Nat. O1s. 4. 144. yy ite Pingon dela Chine. Buff. Pl. Enl, 157. f- 3. Chinese Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 277. 43. Lencru five inches: beak yellowish; the base of it, throat, and fore-part of the neck olive-green: upper parts of the body olive-brown, with the lesser wing-coverts, back, and rump, tinged with rufous: the greater wing-coverts black: quills half yellow, half black, with whitish tips: under parts of the body rufous, with a yellow tinge on the belly: tail black, yellowish at the base, the most outward feather with the greatest proportion of yellow: legs yellowish: female not so brilliant —incolour. Inhabits China. tg E WHITE-BREASTED FINCH. (Fringilla melanoleuca. ) Fr. nigra, fascia pectoris alba. . Black Finch, with a white band on the breast. Fringilla melanoleuca. . Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 910.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 442, 27. | AL Moineau de Java. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 486.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 224, f: 2. al White-breasted Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 268. 23. Tue whole of the white-breasted Finch.is of a . black colour, except the breast, which has an irre- gular white bar running across it: beak and legs pale brown: length about four and a half inches. Native of Java. dni an ~ 526 BLACK AND ORANGE FINCH. (Fringilla melanictera.) Fr. nigra, abdomine albo maculato, alis cauingeg Serrugineo marginatis. Black Finch, with the abdomen spotted with white wings and tail margined with ferruginous. Fringilla melanictera. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 910. —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 442. 26. Moineau de Macao. © Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. ieee PL Ent. 224. f. 1: Black and Orange Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 268. 22. Tue black arid orange- -coloured Finch is four inches and a half in length: the beak is "pale brown: prevailing colour of the plumage deep black, with the margins of the wings and tail orange-coloured : belly spotted with white: legs pale brown. Native of Macao. 527 VARIEGATED FINCH. (Fringilla variegata.) Fr, rubro flavo ceruleo alboque variegata, pectore lutescente nebuloso, rectricibus apice margine albo. Finch variegated with red, yellow, czrulean, and white ; breast clouded with lutescent; quill-feathers margined with white. Fringilla variegata. _Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.911.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 448. 55. | Fringilla varie nove Hispaniz. Bris. 3. i78. 49. Le Touite. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4, 146. Variegated Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 279. 48. Size of the Chaffinch: length near six inches: beak yellowish: head pale red and purple mixed: body most beautifully variegated with red, yellow, blue, and white: quills and tail the same, the latter margined with white at the tip: the breast pale yellow, shaded with darker: legs red. Na- tive of New Spain. 528 FOREST FINCH. (F ringilla sylvatica. ) Fr. capite fasciato, corpore supra grisea rcarcibi varto, Beene atgue sino abdomine canis. Finch with a striped head; body above varied seule grey and black; breast and lower part of the abdomen hoary. Fringilla sylvatica. | -Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 926.—Lath. Ind. Orn 1. 440. 41. Forest Finch. Lath, oe Sup. I. 207. 6. Tais bind 4 Aan at the same places as the Pine Finch, and is about the same size as it: its head is fasciated, and the breast and lower part of the abdomen are hoary: the body is variegated with grey and black. 529 CINEREOUS FINCH. (Fringilla cinerea.) Fr. fusca ferrugineo marginata, capite lateribus lineis duabus gulaque griseis, jugulo grisescente, abdomine medio albo. Brown Finch. margined with ferruginous; throat and two lines on the sides of the head grey; jugulum greyish; middle of the abdomen white. Fringilla cinerea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 922.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 445. 30. Cinereous Finch. Penn, Arct. Zool, 2. 260.—Lath. Gen. Syn. . 3.994, 35. Native of Aoonalashka: beak dusky; upper mandible with a light grey line, and another on the cheeks beneath, which latter is bordered with dusky: rest of the head dark cinereous brown, margined with dull ferruginous: throat light grey: under side of the neck pale cinereous: upper parts of the body grey brown, edged with lighter brown: legs dusky. CRESCENT FINCH. (Fringilla arcuata.) Fr. castanea, subtus alba, capite colloque inferiore nigris, torque taniaque pone oculos albis. Chesnut Finch, beneath white; head and lower part ssi the neck black; with a white mark behind the eyes. Fringilla arcuata. Gmel. Syst. Nat, 1. “ae —Lath. Ind. Orn. J. 441, ihe,” Passer Capitis Bonz Spei. Bris. 3. 104. 16.¢.5.f£ 3. ° Le Croissant. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 3. 501. Moineau du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff. Pl. Enl.230.f. 8. Crescent Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 266. 18. Tue Crescent Finch is about six inches in length: beak black: head black, with a crescent- shaped streak of white beginning at the eye, and passing down on each side of the neck, increasing in breadth till it meets in front, where it is broadest: upper part of the neck black; hinder part pale brown: back, scapulars, and lesser wing-coverts, chesnut: middle coverts black, with white tips: greater ones and quills brown, bordered with grey: tail dark brown; legs the same. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 531 BLACK-HEADED FINCH. (Fringilla melanocephala.) Fr. ferrugineo-fusca, capite jugulo etme fosegiue nigris, cerrice ab- domineque albis, rostro rubro. Ferruginous-brown Finch, with the head, jugulum, and quills black ; neck and abdomen white; beak red. Fringilla melanocephala. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 911.—Lath. Ind. Orit Wij448:52. Black-headed Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 278. 45. Descrisep on the authority of Dr. Latham, who informs us it is a native of China, and that it is in length four inches: the-beak red: back, wings, and tail, ferruginous brown: head and fore-parts of the neck black: sides of the neck, and sides under the wings, a little streaked with black: hind part of the neck and belly white: quills black : legs lead-coloured. 532 BROWN FINCH. (Fringilla fusca.) Fr. fusca marginibus pennarum nigricantibus, subtus fusco-alba. Brown Finch, with the borders of the feathers blackish, beneath - brownish white. | ee Fringilla fusca, Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 911.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 448. 53. : 3 : Brown Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.278. 46. Sap by Dr. Latham to inhabit China, with the preceding : it is rather larger than a Wren: beak dusky: upper parts of the plumage brown; the feathers with dark-brown edges: under parts brownish white: legs dusky. shed 533 ai TEMPORAL FINCH. (Fringilla temporalis. ) Fr. fusca subtus alba, vertice cerulescente, genis uropygioque coce - eels. Fuscous Finch, beneath wliite: with the crown blueish, cheeks - and rump scarlet. Fringilla temporalis. Lath. Syn. Sup. I, xlvii, 4. rom Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup, II, 211. 15. Tux erporal Finch is a native of New Hol- land; andhas the beak reddish brown: crown of the head blue grey: from the beak arises a dull streak of a crimson colour, which getting broader at the back, forms a patch on the cheeks: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, pale brown: under parts white: rump crimson: legs reddish brown. | 534 BROWN-THROATED FINCH. - ( Fringilla fuscicollis.) Fr. ferruginea, vertice uropygio crissoque viridibus, gula fusca macula subrubra, macula remigium rectricibusque dimidiato- fiavis. Ferruginous Finch, with the crown, rump, and vent green; throat brown, with a subrufous spot; and with a “ge on the _— and half the tail yellow. Fringilla fuscicollis,. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 906. a Ind. Orn. 1, 463. 99. Brown-throated Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 318. 89. Descrisep as having the beak red: crown of the head green; from the eyes to the hind head a white line: inode pale brown, with a cinereous patch on the lower part, beneath which is an- other of pale red: back rust-coloured: wings dusky, with a yellow spot on the lower part of the quills: rump and vent green: tail half yellow, half black: legs yellow. Inhabits China. TRIPOLINE FINCH, (Fringilla syriaca.) Fr. fusco nigricante flavoque varia, subtus albida maculis obscuris, vertice rubro. , Finch varied with fuscous, blackish, and yellow ; beneath whitish with obscure spots ; crown red. Fringilla syriaca. Gel, Syst. Nat. 1.927.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 457. 80. L’Habesch de Syrie. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 57. Tripoline Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn, 3.301. 72. 8 # Larcer than the Linnet: beak lead-coloured : crown of the head bright red: cheeks, throat, and fore-part of the neck blackish, variegated with — brown: remaining part of the neck, breast, upper parts of the body, and smaller wing-coverts brown, dusky, and yellow mixed: greater wing-coverts deep cinereous, bordered with paler: belly and vent dirty white, variegated with obscure dusky and yellowish spots: quills and tail cinereous, with orange margins: legs the same as the beak. Native of ‘Tripoli: sings very prettily. 536 NITID FINCH: - (Fringilla nitida. ) Fr. cinerascens subtus albida, remigibus ferrugineo faccregenes, superciliis nigris. Hi Cinerascent Finch, beneath white; quills silanes yellow ; supercilia black. : Fringilla nitida. . Lath. Syn. Sup. II. alviiz. 3. Nitid Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup, I1. 211. 14. Size of the Common Sparrow: beak dull red: on the eyes a band of black passing down on. the ears as abroad patch: upper part of the plumage pale cinereous: quills dull ferrugineous yellow: sides of the body inclining to yellow: under parts white: legs yellow. Native of New Holland. 537 GEORGIAN FINCH. ' (Fringilla Georgiana.) Fr. fusca subtus albida,. tectricibus alarum minoribus toto, remigi- bus rectricibusque extus rufis, gula juguloque murinis, striga sub- maxillart divaricata nigra. , 7 Fuscous Finch, beneath whitish; with the whole of the lesser wing-coverts, quills, and tail-feathers externally rufous ; throat and jugulum mouse-coloured, and with a divaricating black stria beneath the jaw. . Fringilla Georgiana, Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 460. 86, Georgian Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 209. 10. - Innasrts Georgia: beak dusky: irides and » head brown: chin and throat grey: beneath the jaw a blueish divaricating streak: middle of the back dusky brown: lesser wing-coverts rufous ; quills and tail-feathers rufous on the outer edges : under parts of the body white: legs brown: length about six inches. 538 STRASBURGH FINCH. (Fringilla argentoratensis.) — Fr. fusca, subtus rufa fusco maculata, abdomine.tnfimo albido.. Fuscous Finch, beneath rufous, spotted with fuscous; ohare beneath whitish. Fringilla argentoratensis. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.918.— Lath. Sai Orn. 1. 460. 87. pe Linaria argentoratensis. Briss. 3. 146.34. Le Gyntel de Strasbourg. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.73. Strasburgh Finch, Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 308. 77. Tue Strasburgh Finch is the size of the common Redpole : the head and upper parts of the body are brown: the chin, neck; breast, and sides rufous, spotted with brown: the belly and vent are whitish: quills and tail brown: legs reddish. Found in the neighbourhood of Strasburgh, where it goes by the name of the Grateleg 539 ANGOLA FINCH. (Fringilla angolensis.) Fr. fussco-cinerea, fusco maculata, subtus spadicea, capistro gulaque nigris, genis guttureque albo maculatis, uropygto luteo. Brown-ash Finch, spotted with fuscous ; beneath chesnut; capis- - trum and throat black, the latter and cheeks spotted with white; rump yellow. Fringilla angolensis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 918.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1, 460. 88. A Linaria angolensis. Briss. Sup. 81. Vengoline. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 80. Linnet from Angola. Edwards. 129. Angola Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 309. 78. Size of a Linnet: beak brown; the feathers at the base black: the upper parts of the head, neck, and breast, dusky-ash, with the shafts of the fea- thers darker: cheeks, and sides of the throat, white: greater wing-coverts and quills brown, with yellow margins: under parts of the body dull orange: rump and upper tail-coverts bright yellow : tail brown, with grey edges: legs flesh- colour. Edwards describes the female as having the upper parts of the body rufous brown; the shafts of the feathers darkest: sides of the head pale rufous: near the base of the beak a brown streak, which passes towards the hinder part of the head: from the breast to the belly pale rufous, with brown spots: the rest of the plumage similar to the male: it is probably only a variety of the male, as he says it sings remarkably well, V. IX. P. Il. 36 540 DUSKY FINCH. which is not often the case with female birds: the male, according to Mr. Edwards, is called Ne- gral, or Tobaque, and the female, Benguelinba, in ~ Angola, where they are natives. DUSKY FINCH. pi cing ~ (Fringilla obscura.) Fr. fusco-nigricans, pectore uropygiogue cinerascentibus, pennts apice dilutioribus. Fuscous-black Finch, with the breast and rump cinerascent, the tips of the feathers palest. ‘Fringilla atra. Gmel. ee Nat. 1. 918. —Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. - 460. 89. La Linotte brune. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois: 4, 84. Dusky Finch. © Edwards. 270.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 310. 79. ~Sarp by Edwards to inhabit Angola: it is in length four inches: the beak is cinereous: the prevailing colour of the plumage dusky brown ; inclining to cinereous on the breast and: rump: tips of all the feathers lightest: legs dusky. 541 BLUE-BELLIED FINCH. (Fringilla benghalus.) Fr. dilute cerulea, capite dorsoque griseis, luteribus capitis purpureis. Pale cerulean Finch; head and back grey; the sides of the head purple. | mite é Fringilla benghalus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 323. 32. male.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.920.—Lath, Ind. Orn, 1.461. 91. Fringilla angolensis, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 323.31. female. Bengalus. Briss. 3, 203. 60. ¢. 10. f. 1. Le Bengali. Buff: Hist. Nat, Ois. 4. 92.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 115. FN . Blue-bellied Finch. Edwards, 131. female.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 310. 81. LeneruH near five inches: beak whitish : irides hazel: head, and upper parts of the body, grey ; on each side of the former, behind the eyes, a lunulated purplish red spot: quills brown, with grey edges: lower part of the back and rump, and all the under parts of the body, blue; tail the same, but paler: legs whitish: female without the reddish spot on the sides of the head. ‘This species is liable to a few slight variations, which are scarcely worth description, as the above will ape os to all. _ Native of Africa. D4Z AMADUVADE FINCH: ( Fringilla amandava. ) Fr. fusca rufescenteque albo-punctata, rectricibus nigris apice puncte albo. Brown Finch spotted with rufescent and white, with the tail- feathers black, spotted with white at the tip, Fringilla amandava. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 319. 10.—G mel. Syst. Nat. 1. 905.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 461. 92. Bengalus punctulatus. Briss.3. 206. 62. ¢. 10. f. 4. Le Bengali piqueté.. Buff? Hist. Nat. Ors. 4. 96. t. 2. f2 1.— Buf, PU En. 115. f.30. i Amaduvade Finch. Albin. Birds.-3.77.—Edwards. 355. f. %.- —J.ath. Gen. Syn. 3. 311. 82.— Lath. Syn. Sup. 168. Tus little species is the size of a Wren: beak dull red: upper parts of the body brown, with a red tinge: the feathers of the upper wing-coverts, breast, and sides, tipped with white; quills grey brown: under parts of the body, the belly ex- cepted, which is dark, pale brown: tail black: legs yellowish white: female resembles the male, in every respect, but in having the throat, and fore- part of the neck, variegated with white, and the belly of a pale yellow. Inhabits various parts of Asia. , | SENEGAL FINCH. (Fringilla senegala.) Fr. fusco-ferruginea, ‘vertice subtusque rufa, rostro rubro nigro striata. Brown ferruginous Finch, with the crown and under parts ru- fous; beak red, striated with black. Fringilla senegali. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 18.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.1. 909.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 461. 93. Senegalis ruber. Briss. 3. 208. 63. ¢. 10..f. 2. Le senegali rouge. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 99.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 157s, 1 Senegal Finch. Lath, Gen. se . 312. 83. THERE is great probability that this species may be only a variety of the preceding, as some of the varieties, described by Buffon and other writers, approach so close to it as to make the line of dis- tinction almost imperceptible: its general appear- ance is as under: the beak reddish, margined with brown, with a streak of the latter colour beneath the under mandible, and a slight one on the ridge of the upper: the top of the head, throat, fore- part and sides of the neck, breast, upper part of the belly, sides, rump, and upper tail-coverts, reddish: lower parts of the belly, thighs, and - under tail-coverts, brownish green: the rest of the body brown: tail black. This species is a native of Suteeal it feeds on millet; which has suggested to the natives a mode of catching it very successfully, without injury to the bird: when they wish to catch any, they 54 SULTRY FINCH. fasten a large hollowed gourd on a stick, with the bottom upwards, and a string is attached which leads to some sheltered spot where the operator may observe the motions of the bird, and to which | he retires after having strewed some millet be- neath the gourd; when the birds arrive in num- bers to feed on it, and the stick being pulled, entraps them: they are very familiar, and both sexes are said to sing tolerably well. SULTRY FINCH. | (Fringilla calida.) Fr. fusca-rufa, corpore supra strits longitudinalibus nigris, pedt- bus pallidis. ' Fuscous-red Finch, with the body above longitudinally striated with black, feet pale. | Fringilla calida. Lath. Syn. Sup. I. xlvii. 2. Sultry Finch, Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 210. 13. Native of the Mahrattas: length five inches and a half: beak dusky: upper parts of the body pale rufous brown: the middle of each feather dusky black, especially on the top of the head: under parts plain brown: legs pale yellow. | O45 CAPE FINCH. ( Fringilla Alario. ) Fr. capite collo pectoreque atris, corpore castaneo subtus albo, rectricibus quatuor lateralibus lineola nigra. Finch with the head, neck, and breast dark-coloured; body chesnut, beneath white; the four lateral tail-feathers with a black mark, Fringilla Alario. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.319. 9.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 905.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 462. 95. Passerculis Capitis Bonz Spei. Bris. 3. 106.17. t. 5. fi 2. Cape of Good Hope Sparrow. Albin. Birds. 3. 67. Cape Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3, 315. 85. Tus inhabits the Cape of Good Hope, and is rather larger than the House Finch: beak pale cinereous: head and neck black, the colour end- ing in a point towards the breast, which, with the under parts of the body, is white: upper parts chesnut: quills blackish; inner part of the lesser ones, under the wings, and the tail, chesnut; the four outer feathers of the latter with a longitu- dinal dusky spot at the tip: thighs rufous: legs brown. BRASILIAN FINCH. (Fringilla granatina.) Fr. corpore rufescente, rostro rubro, temporibus uropygio abdo- mineque violaceis, cauda cunetformt. Finch with a rufescent body; red beak ; chinplens rump, and abdomen, violet; tail wedge-shaped. at) Fringilla granatina. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 319.11.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 906.—Briss, 3. 216. 67. t. 9. fZ geen Ind. Orn. 1. 463. 97. Le Granadin. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.169.¢. 7. ft 1— Buf, Pu. Enl. 109. f. 3. Brasilian Finch. Edwards, 191.—Lath. ia) Syn. 3.316. 97. Tuts beautiful Finch is in length near five inches: its beak is of a fine red, with the base above blue: sides of the head blossom-coloured violet: irides dark-coloured: eyelids scarlet: back, guills, and scapulars- brownish: the rest of the head and body, (the throat, lower part of the belly and thighs, which are black, excepted, ) chesnut : rump blue: tail black: legs grey: varies in having a spot of brown between the beak and eye, and the hinder parts of the body, above and below, violet; there are other slight varieties described: female with the top of the head, throat, and under parts fulvous, the latter palest : beneath the eyes a slight purplish tinge: the lower part of the belly and vent whitish: back grey brown: the rest similar to the male, but duller. Native of Brazil, and is often kept in confinement for its song. SAT LONG-TAILED FINCH. (Fringilla macroura.) - Fr, cauda elongata cuneiformi, corpore fusco nigricante maculato, subtus cinerascente, rectricibus duabus intermediis marginibus- que lateralium virescentibus. Finch with an elongated cuneiform tail; body fuscous, spotted ‘ with dusky, beneath cinerascent; the two intermediate tail- feathers, and the margins of the lateral ones, greenish. Fringilla macroura. Gmel. Syst. Nat .1.918.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 460. 90. Long-tailed Finch. fissiy Gen. Syn. 3. 310. 80. Tus bird is the size of the Redpole, but its long tail makes it appear much larger, the whole bird measuring above seven and a half inches in length: the upper parts of its plumage are fuscous, with » dusky spots; the feathers being darkest in the middle: quills brown, with Geen margins : under parts of the body pale ash-colour: tail wedge-shaped, and very long, with the two middle feathers narrow, and sharp at their tips: legs and beak brown. Inhabits Cayenne. END OF THE NINTH VOLUME. T. Davison, Lombard-street, Whitefriars, London. ELIE RES EE ROT OE EE I a ES IND EX TO *VOL:.1X PART I. ABERDEVINE , p.A6y || Bunting, barred-tail_p. 371 black, Lath? ~~ 367 Bengalus. Briss. ‘Se5Ad black-crowned 364 punctulatus. 542 black-faced . 256 ——— black-headed . 365 Brambling, greater. black-throated 379 blue 3 - 408 blue-faced - 400 Albin... d - 489 Bullfinch, China . . 401 || ——— Bourbon - 416 greatest. Brasilian . 386 Edwards . : - 238 brumal . « - 387 little brown . 306 - Cape : 372 Chinese . . 368 Bunting ‘ ; » 840 cinereous .~ 402 Amazonian . 883 — Cirl : . 356 Angola , ~ A225 Aoonalaschka . 396 coloured . gers) 3/5) common . - 360 _ Baden . - 378 || ———— crimson . sn AD Vik. P. OT, b V1 INDEX. Bunting, crimson-belli- ed Dauurian Dominican dwarf. ——-—— familiar foolish . green grey Guar —-—- Indigo Lesbian long-tailed Lorraine ——e LOUISIANE Maelby . Mexican military . mountain —a——— mustachoe olive ed . F £ Ortolan painted Panayan passerine Pine ; Plata Psittaceous reed : red-eyed red-rumped —— rice ——— ruddy ——— rustic rusty . 364 orange-shoulder- p-. 413 382 423 384 355 409 A17 383 A407 370 419 369 366 399 305 49302 346 376 377 422 349 403 A421 359 398 411 A24 302 » AlS A05 388 381 390 381 mem INGICE if < Bunting, Sandwich _p. 397 — shaft-tailed . 426 Snow : . d4l Surinam - 400 ————. tawny 344 Towhe . 414 varied - 410 variegated 420 Unalashka . 396 Weaver . 373 ——. Whidal, ;. A418 white-crowned 392 —_—— witite - 3067 = wreathed 303 ——— yellow . 351 ——— yellow-bellied 374 ees. yellew-breasted 402 ——— yellow-browed 391 ——-— yellow-faced 354 |— yellow-winged 353 Cardinal, Dominican 279 Cardinalis angolensts 263 Capitis Bone Sper : . - 240 a LOMINIEAIS 276 : Madagascarien- SIs - : 244 Carduelis americana. — Briss. 464 , Sueciea . 457 viridis A463 Chloris bahamensis . 481 477 INDEX. Vil Chloris indica minor pp. 409 || Crucrrostra leucop- javensis . - 406 tera ‘ p. 233 vulgaris 231 —— ludoviciana, Papa 401 Cirlus stultus . - 355 || Cynchramus, Brisson . 360 Coccothraustes americana EMBERIZA : . 340 cerulea . “ - 253 || ———— alba, Ray . 360 angolensis ———— amazona . 383 cyanea. : - 250 || —————~ americana . | 379 borbonica 329 || —————angolensis- . 425 ——— $$ canadensis 238 Aoonalaschken- Capitis Bo- sis. ; ; . 306 ne Spei . : «e848 arctica . 307 cayanensis 269 || —— asiatica «2-083 a Gambensis 290 || ————— atricapilla . 364 —_—_—_—-——- javensis 332 || ————— aureola - 402 ——_—_————_ arvensis ne- badensis . 378 via E : . 330 || —————borbonica . 416 — Indica . 247 || ———— brasiliensis . 386 ————_$_$§_-- ludoviciana ———— brumalis ~, 287 PAR Tg << 898 Calter: 22405 lutea Capi- ———— canadensis . A401 tis Bone Sper ay A canadensis ceru- moluccen- lea , s : - 408 Sus . ; . 331 || ————— capensis . 372 me SENSIS «= 333: || —— capensis, Lath. 374 sinensis Cie ——=——— chrysophrys 391 nerea ~ * »« 316 |} — chrysoptera 353 Virginia- ed Cidin « «B55 na seule » 248 |} —— cinerea - 402 3 wee Ciris . 403 Crossbill : 2 229 |] mere Cirlus . , 856 common , » 231 |} —— citrinella . 351 white-winged . 233 || —-——~ coccinea . 413 | — cerulea - 408— CRUCIROSTRA 2 229 th —mme cyanea ein Vill INDEX. EMBERIZA cyanopsis p. 406 || EmBeriza platensis — p, 4 dominicensis, pratensis Briss, j 377 principalis ——--— erythropthalma414 provincialis . ——-—— familiaris 384 | psittacea — fasciata 371 pusilla — ferruginea 381 quadricolor . — flava . 351 || ———— Quelea i — flaveola 354 || ————— regia . — flaviventris 374 — rubra .. — fucata . 385 rustica , — glacialis 344 ruticapilla. ~ — grisea . 417 Gmel. Hortulana 349 rutila . 5 — hyemalis 367 sandvichensts. — leucophrys 392 Gmel. . ° : ———— lesbia . 370 | —— Scheeniclus . — longicauda 422 sepiaria ———— lotharingica 369 | —— serena : — luctuosa 393 sinensis ‘ ———— ludovicia 366 spodocephala = maelbiensis . 399 surinamensis melanocephala 365 surinamensis, mexicana 305 BY1SSe* : miliaria 360 Textrix : militaris 393 vidua . : mixta . 410 || —— viridis montana 346 wnalashcensis. mustelina 344. Gmel, nivalis 341 olivacea 377 || Finch ; : Oriz. Linne. 240 Amaduvade : oryzivora 388 | ——- American, gold . paradisea 418 Angola. ° passerina 359 || ——arctic : panayensis . 421 autumnal .. ———— pithyornus . 398 || —— Bahama Finch, bearded beautiful —— black-collared — black-faced —— black-faced. Penn, —- black-~headed —— black mexican —— blue-bellied blue-crowned —— blue-faced -—— blue-headed Bonana bramble Brazilian =——— brown brown--throated Canary —— Cape : Capsa ~——-Carolina . Carthagena —-— Ceylon —— Chaff ——. Chinese —— Chinese Siskin cinereous —- Citril collared Cowpen . —— crescent + Cuba Dalmatic : dusky . : —— Eustachian black and orange crimson-crowned crimson-headed . INDEX. p. 484 || Finch, fasciated 465° || -—— ferruginous 526 || —— fire 480 flaming. Penn. 440 || —-— foolish A39 forrest 531 || --—— frizzled 471 Georgian 541 glossy 509 gold. : 510 grass, 508 greater redpole 506 green-gold 444 green-rumped 540 grey : 532 grey-headed « 534 house 474 imperial 545 Lapland « 495 lepid . . A39 | lesser redpole 4O1 long-billed A479 long-tailed . a2 lovely a 524 Lulean 470 lunar 520 Mexican Siskin 472 || ——— mountain - 5C2 |} —-~—nitid . « 501 norton - 530 || ———- orange 451 painted AAQ parrot §11 pred-mountain 437 Pine . 540 purple 476 —— red-breasted 2 xX INDEX. Finch, red-breasted, long- tailed d : —— red-crowned red-faced ——. red-headed —— ring Latham. rufous-chinned YOSY. =—— rusty-collared —— Savanna . ——- scarlet : —— Senegal , —— Serin =— sharp-tailed short-tailed a—— Siskin Snow , e Sparrow speckled . o=—— Strasburg —— striped-headed sultry —- Surinam —— swamp : —— temporal . mee testaceous a Thistle 3 wwe tree . 500 » 454 . » $49 » 473 . 545 435 467 492 429 538 498 430 ——= white-tailed wax-bill 262 Finch, white-throated p. 499 Winter yellow ‘ FRINGILLA :. — Athiops. Gmel. Afra ——___——- Alario eT Gmel. ; Amandava el Linné. arcuata cree ee tensis — australis ore ns GORAIMCRSIS- Briss. eee barbata bicolor ee aed ad ee fee nl calida cana Ce —____- -—— canadensis canaria ome —_——_——— Capsa yeliow-throated : Abyssinica .albicollis. Angolensis Angolensis, argentora- autumnalis benghalus bononiensis brachyura butyracea Cacatototl cannabina 490 477 478 428 486 453 448 545 499 542 530° 5AI 5 30 538 503 481 AQ7 A484 5AL AgL 438 435 477 AT} 54A 404 AAL INDEX. FRINGILLA Capitis Bone Spew : : p. 288 Carduelis 460 —— carolinensis 439 ee carolinensis. MSHUSS 6 83 . 414 carthagini- ensis x ; . 491 owes —caudacuta 515 econ cinerea 529 cinerea In- : dica : g . 259 —— citrinella . 472 mee coccinea . 454 tn Celebs AdQ ——+——— crispa 480 else cristata A440 cristata. - WBntsss 4“, : 451 cyanoce- phala: ;... : 509 — cyanomelas 508 —— Dalmatica 437 —- domestica 429 —_— elegans . 465 —— erythroce- phala ‘ P . 458 erythropthal- ma ‘ 2 414 Eustachii 476 —— fasciata 505 ———— ferruginea 455 ——_- flammea 451 —— flavicollis 478 ——— flavirostris 523 — formosa 466 ee fusca 532 ! FRINGILLA fusca. WINS. 2 ‘ p: ——— fuscicollis ——_—_——- Georgiana Ce graminea —_——— granatina ——a hyemalis — Hudsonias, Gmel. . : . Jamaica . —— ignita iliaca ~—eD a ee imperialis nea Indica . Insula S. Eustachiu ; lapponica oe lepida leucocepha- la leucura linaria . ed Linota. Gmel. é : ss longirostris ee lulensis ee =e macroura maia 3 a a martinicen- Gmel, fi melanictera SiS. oe melanoce- phala. : eo —- melanoleuca melba ; ame mexicana Gar montana . 471 432 X11 INDEX. FRINGILLA montana. | FrincILua Spinus___p. Briss. 4 : p- 489 || ——— striata. monticola, —_—— stulta . Gmel. : 441 || ——__—. surinama . —— montifrin-. —_———— sylvatica . gilla ‘ 5 - 444 || —_-——— syriaca_ . Coma montium . 521 || —-—-——. temporalis montium. ———— testacea — Gielen eo. . 521 || —— torquata . 2 mmufticold: Aga) eee torquata, a NEVA 406 Indica.. Briss. ; nigra wctero- tricolor. cephalus... Briss...» 460 | = eiane ; HENS, ASS! || eee variegata . —_——_——— nitida 536 |} ——— varie Nove - 2 aes - nivalis 402 Hispanie : < — noctis A452 |) ——— virginiana ———— nortoniensis 485 || ——--—-——— ultramarina ——————— obscura 540 |} ——-— Zena a oryzivora 388 || —_-—-——— Zeylonica ——— pecoris,..... 501% pensylvanica 499 || Greenfinch, Indian. Edw. ———-—— petronia , 434 a pinetorum 503 || Grosbeak : - a psittacea 447 Abyssinian . —— punicea® . 456 _ Aiea wee purpurea 507 Angola ——— rosea - 449 || —— ash-coloured —— rubra, minor 306 ash-headed . ——_———— ruticapilla 440 || —— asiatic eee Savannarum 500 || —— Bengal ——— Senegala 543 | black . - ——— ——. senegalensis. black. Edwards BBTUS Se 66 os.3 ; . 450 black-bellied ane ee serinus . 473 black-breasted ee sinensis . 470 black-crested ———— Sinica . 524 || ———- black-headed 467 498 436 A87 528 535 533 ASA 512 502 510 . 464 527 527 501 506 497 479 477 235 294 272 280 298 286 261 258 324 280 289 325 242 243 INDEX. Grosbeak, black-lined p. 282 blue. ee) blue, from An- gola . F250 blue-shouldered251 —_—— blue-winged 299 Brasilian 317 brimstone 313 — brown 323 — brown. Brown 295 brown-cheeked 270 brown-headed 308 ————- Bullfinch 318 — Caffrarian 286 —- Canada 269 ———— Cape 288 Cardinal 248 — Caucasian 245 Chinese 311 ene cinereous 259 Cowry 330 crested 260 ————-=—- crested Domi- nican 204 Dominican 276 dusky 2.96 ——_———. dwarf 333 fantailed 305 ——~—— fasciated . 328 fascinating 298 ferruginous . 327. frontal 205 one Gambia 2900 gold-backed 285 ——-———— screen 310 — grenadier 240 ——--—— grey 252 Xi Grosbeak, grey-necked p. 312 Hamburgh. Lath. . 432 — Hawfinch —-.-236 —————--— Hudsonian- ..-297 — Java - ~316 ———— Indian 247 —_—_—— lineated 326 a long-tailed . 284 Madagascar. 244 Malabar 262 —_—— Malacca 332 Malacca 301 — marygold 287 — Mexican . 241 ——--—— minute 334 ———— Molucca 331 mustachoe . 309 — nitid 282 -—— northern 322 ——— nun 292, orange 320 —— orange-bellied 306 ————. Paradise 267 ——~-—— parrot-billed 268 ———-— pearled 279 —_— pensile 275 ———— Philippine 314 Pine 238 — Pope . 276 prasine 207 ——_———- purple 249 radiated 281 red, Albin 248 red-billed 256 red-breasted 278 red-rumped . 254 X1V Grosbeak, St. Domingo p. 273 weeeieeme Siberian « 246 we SOCIablE « 303 a= Spotted - $807 striated » $329 — Sumatran . 201 wes Sunda ., 300 thick-billed . 324 sbi three-toed 338 a Totty . - 302 ————- warbling ~ 295 ———_— wax-bill 254 ———— white-billed . 321 ————— white-headed 301 white-rumped. Lath. ‘ é of DOA white-tailed 262 white-throated 253 ———————. white-winged 283 —— yellow 299 — yellow-bellied 271 yellow-fronted 274 yellow-headed 2656 —— yellow-rumped 293 Hortulanus. Briss. - 344 —— Capitis Bone Sper ry ie O72, ~——— Curolinensis 388 aoe nivalis 341 —— nivalis niger 307 Hyrevus ., : BOT | Abyssinicus 338 Hyreus : ‘ 337 - Abyssinian 338° INDEX. p. 467 ‘471 mexicanus, niger 471 Ligurinus, Briss. . mexicanus 516 Linaria, Briss. angolensis 539 — argentoratensis 538 brasiliana longi- - cauda A424 —— minima. 521 montana 521 rubra major 516 - rubra minor 519 Linnet, Angola, Edw. . 539 common 516 an) greater red-headed 516 vam—= lesser red-headed 519 mountain 521 Loxia 235 Briss... rane Paterson . 83 Abyssinica . 394 Africana 273 Americana - 328 angolensis 280 asiatica .. .» 261 astrilda ., a 254. aurantia . 320 aurea ‘ «- 285 bengalensis 258 bicolor 305 boetonensis . 247 é bonariensis . %87 . brasiliana 317 butyracea 274 4 Loxia caffra, p- cana : ‘ canadensis canora cantans . capensis . Cardinalis ; Chloris. : cinerea . : Coccothraustes ——- cerulea . F —— collaria . ee —— coronata ° crassirostris —— cristata —_ cucullata cyanea. cyanoptera . dominicana ; dominicensis . eneucleator eryihrina, Gmel, erythrocephala . erythromelas falcirostra : fasciata . ‘ fascinans ferruginea : ferruginosa. flabellifera : flavicans flaviventris , —— frontalis . : fusca grisea grossa . ——— Hamburgia, Gime), INDEX. 286 250 269 270 205 288 248 310 208 236 250 202 242 324 260 264 250 299 276 273 238 449 263 243 233 328 208 308 327 305 “ 290 IAL 205 323 252 253 432 Loxia hordeacea __—p.. -——— hudsonica : ——hypoxantha . Javensis i indica. : indica, Gmel. . leucura lineata. : lingola 4 tr. — longicauda ludoviciana : ——— macroura, Gmel. maculata : maia malabarica malacca . —— — melanocephala melanogastra melanura : mexicana minima minuta . o—__.-—' Maglucea _—_——— mystacea cC nigra 3 se NHitida. >. f a1 ODscura. *? Oryx oryzivora panicivora : ———— pectoralis : pensilis perlata « : ——— philippensis . a—— prasina . ° psittacea : madagascariensis Xv INDEX. Lox punctularia p. 330 Pyrrhula . 318 rubricilla « 245 “——~-— Sanguinirostris 256 septentrionalis 322 ; sibirica . 246 sinensis 311 ——. s0cia ‘ 303 Striata , 320 ——— sulphurata -. 313 ——— torrida . penis) | Totta : «- 302 tridactylia - 388 Sram or Miolaceantyng. vs. 249 — virens - 251 xanthocephala 266 Oriole, yellow-shouldered 422 Passer, canadensis A4] aw Capitis Bone Spei 530 ———~— domesticus 429 ~———— erythrorynchos Capitis Bone Spei 256 — Jamaicensis 500 ——— montanus 432 — niger 452 ——— niger erythroryn- chos A453 ——-— pensylvanicus 499 Sclavonicus 437 senegalensis ery- throrynchos 256 stultus , - 436 ——— sylvestris 434 dinaceus —— lorquatus, seu arun- 362 | Passerculus bononiensis p. 435 ———- Capitis Bone Spei : : « 545 PHYTOTOMA — . - 335 ————— Abyssinica__338 —— Rara ‘end 6 tridactylia 338 Plant-cutter j 335_ —— Abyssinian 338 ————— Chili 336 Pyrrhula Africana nigra 283 Africana nigra minor, ; ~ 326 —— Americana cris- tata 3 ; - 242 bahamensis vioe lacea ; , - 249 ——m—= COLOLINENSIS C@- « 250 —— carolinensis vio-~ rulea lacea ; ‘ e507 hamburgensis 432 mexicana nigra 321 Senegalis ruber 543 striatus 254 Serinus, Briss. 473 —canarius . 474 ——— jamaicensis- . AOA —— Ltalicus 472 Sparrow. . 429 INDEX. Sparrow, black and yellow Srizzled p- 480 — brasilian. Edw. 250 — Cape of Good Hope. Alo. 545 —— Chinese . 332 ——— litile. Edw. . 455 —— long-tailed 420 —— of Paradise 263 ——— white-breasted In- — dian : Uooe —— white-throated. Edw. As : , — yellow-headed In- dian 499 258 XVil Tanager, rufous-throated. Lath, p. 452 Tanagra carolinensis ceru- lea. . A ‘ . A407 —cyanea . ~ 407 ——— ruficollis, Gmel. 452 Tree creeper, Hamburgh. Albin. 432 Vidua, Briss. ; - 418 — angolensis 420 ——— major 419 ——— minor 423 ——— riparia africana 426 Directions for placing the Plates in Vol. IX. Part f. The Vignette represents a diminished figure of Pogonius Vieil- loti, described in page 3. Plate 24 toface page 115 Plate 1 to face page 2 Q ——«s- 8 25 ——— 116 3 — 9 26 ————— __ 126 BE rae 9 20 S189 4 mi 28 ———-——._ 143 4* ———-— 16 29 ——-———-_ «+148 5 ————— 28 30, ———————._ 15 6 ———- 34 31 ———— 155 7e_—_—~——-— 39 32 ———-———._ 158 8 ———— 44 33 ———--———_ 163 9 ———— 46 34° ———-———._ 166 10 ————_ 47 35 ————-_ 183 1l ————— 48 B5* m—m——-- 185 12 ———_-——_ 49 35** —-—_——._ 187 13 ———_———__ 57 35*** --————_ 101 14 ———— 60 B5*X Fe -—_ 202 1 -_————— 63 Z5RRREX _- 203 16 ————— 68 Z5*EEXE 909 17 —————-_ 83 EASE ERE 210%, 18 —————.__ 84 ©5 211 ae |, 8 86" —-———— 213 2. 162 " 37 ————_—> 217 21° | 104 38 —————-._ 219 22 —————— 114 39 ——————._ 223 230 —-——— 114 40 ———————._ 227 aya a ik Lemon dpi tin Directions for placing the Plates in Vol. LX. Part I. The Vignette represents the Shaft-tailed Bunting consi- , derably smaller than nature: it is described in page 426. Plate 41 42 43 44 A5 46 47 48 AQ 50 to face page Plate 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 to face page 351 356 362 362 364. 405 418 420 432 444 447 451 460 467 519 Page 266, 305, 310, ict 313, 316, 338, 355, 356, 357, 364, 7 and 8, 2, 9, 10, ERRATA. PART I. Geo. read Ger. dentatius, read dentatim. “Egyptian, read Egyptian. Perra, read Persa. Kottniquas, read Hottntquas. it feeds, read they feed. MADAGASCARENSIS, read MADAGASCARIENSIS. Ditto Ditto, Ditto Ditto. 27, having been taken in, read inhabiting. Line 2, 7) il, 13, 15, 14, 3 ? co HS 00 3 15, 31, 19, PART II. MEXICANA, read XANTHOCEPHALA, Dichotornes, read Dichotoma. tatta, read totta. Montague, read Montagu. Bewick i,, read Bewick i. 136. on, read over. sinereus, read sinensis. alba, read albo, fratensis, read pratensis. luteris, read luteis. Knightsbridge, read Kingsbridge. with, read with a. 2 i) aCe Hebets H tie ile eet owt Vd Ny thane ' ap onehiens ‘ ti a ‘ded t phate Hi j tain Nan ee id fie aviee ig! er fet bot Fy 4 anes at pete Bie Coa tea pop! te etc ; ah Ht at Ur on aie BOL ObT Mees etre? ) at apy inn we aie 4 rene wi th Opes H8) WEN a batyeete Spit “t Whe Ws at hwy de we cag R, ry Wf by ne + ' ¥ NP pa We siya tae ey is) ans by Nanay ; ‘ re 685 ha 7 pen i Y : pat en a ctnaat bye Co belts ‘ i oo h * a : angst el! 7 ron Wyte fF UR ALA ae asa ens? et TL oe hep m ae FHF ha ¥ cM Mae a WORRY tte heh | ait Wow ey, UPR NE 7 Cabhis g pont tiai incor echo sikh ; abo gs iene fein if sgibehry 4 ' M ” fe snk vey hae Cup ee Heed woe ah i Fetter de ea shah 1G? ou SN Hie tt ghia Foren: ~ BG AV ytd Pst WE tote A Sbernes tan Soa Lkbet BY deagiae uh Bet beet & Wee fags Papi the tig fd a PH hoT ewes a nee ick EERg 7 Fa oe Cores ted NP Net ee. et at ana be d f ’ ' aah 3 af if Sess tf BE TEBC A phoee t . . i AEE Lele hu “4 ne ave Goh dino eivwitt lye be hoe ti one St abtal . ste nike sl sai . a 1 Pid rie hs as acy? ate rs aah Pubetema er aya ta : Le ie i | Lidia pk ett henited of yu ; ‘ nae y Paid ae coe i anti) “Pte i Mas BE wae reiy ae ME eR ROLL eens rus “once 4 ls Ps ate Murty on WYP Et pelea Ay : is . Gay useE Fag TSPU IMT t, ny ans : ees steht it years oI Pye ¥ ae AIEUT Bune a he y ni 6 ‘ ; Ror wee ee up us i xe biar ict stdin ; wry Seagal ‘ jj ; Waly weg rie, Me othe hes A By fe Neue § y t ngs recom me on i ore Wresbeas i PomeG oe air tueh, ay hy dy har ot are TREC en oa ete 5 Vues ee itPaee hat zy murny “A te oe og GEG, f Spubnueie she ie Wee dena WU EM EN A tig ty of Woe nage ee gnaed pe hae Hwee ar, Oe Ls tie j " | Teeae 4 Wig. “ies bse as rey if aah t Thea bs, fag & ip Le Reeds fibre atahita ual ye ehh alee Mey is oa) Mena a, ce t vo Dene Wreteyy i a Hae Gop ey geile THe ae ’ Ary peer nee ee on . F f ts ‘ pa be “aay et ¢ ' gcc dne ae hina 1 y " / we Pt at, ‘ We UN ED ge 4 iy 4 oa ata rity in he ep de 1 : , j oh Oye eR he i ee eet bsg | Seana tar i vigagutut fee ee . fii ty Hn ' saute, Mate fou Ie Bet ha r coe eu Pacts H j Ais furl eat a ce a fun rete tu M Rates : aS, ae yee be Dal ay p wut ra wieut Cpe: ete Wy \, q , ye acing : Ahaha rk sant Rh Oe ratte lat eos i bin re We ie Wat bahia Ay Ao Cent r i ‘ * , =F NT wha md wea ates eee monet ” f,| i 5 : \, } f ot rs > ee | i He fee f t 3b We ohit ! 4 bien) , A oo ty ‘ ‘ vate Wet ti cn iyi {Miss lia Hine bs i i \ ry 4 tote? hoa ou = ¢ ; A é rae . Sy 4 mae st me +f Ls ,. Tait ‘ vy