F gents Haney :
et reat n ete np,
my ye
Poise iH iat oid a oes
ray
“Ny Neo pei ta a 17 hes gn a
thy tp
pent Vg — a
*% ere i 1 gaa adds tae
iherehey alts a uth oe o
bap hy 4 Tica a 7 ‘wh 8 yaa vi #e 4
oD a bythe ene nif eae
ri
jai
“a plcketna! r oe
otha at i ‘i
a i srk ait wit a i i ah i a - a
as Da ie peers rt.
iy i ‘dep ate ie J ae oh 3 a
ati oo pi rs a apie .
at hie at ;
a
‘ oF 3
re ne o 1 ee Mga a 4
yet Whi ae bes : a a
ft : ie a a oe .
ih ne fF yi que
nye bit 4)
ag teeta, earns
Aaa ie anil 7
aa u i i es
aie
er hi
i) Pieces
¥ fete
ba 0k
peor
ad fhe a
es
; ae .
“~~ GENERAL ZOOLOGY _..
Mita e, 3 acne
ea 3 Or
SYSTEMATIC NATURAL HISTO ,
commented by the late
™
GEORGE SHAW, M.D ERIS. &e.
WITH PLATES
from Hie first Authorities and most select specimens
Ved) ; (Oe ee
On eared. step foll if ‘ Ss )
TT
M*" GRIFFITHS.
.
ot
aa
Gritith seulp.
ee 3 ES
Vou.IX.Part 1. AVES .by LF. Stephens, ELS.
Printed for G Wilkie, J.Walker, J.Stockdale, J.& A.Arch, Longman,Hurst,
Rees, Orme & Brown, E. Jeffery, Sherwood,N eeley,& Jones, Law & Whittaker,
Baldwin ,Cradock & Jov, R.Scholev, J-Black, W.Lowe, J.Booth, Gale & Fenner,
S. Bagster, J.Robimson, J-Rodwell, Walker & Edwards, and Harper & C°
ae 1815.
NE y ( a
NS
Jun eed
SNS fe OP
GENERAL ZOOLOGY.
VOLUME IX.——PART I.
BY
JAMES FRANCIS STEPHENS, F.L.S.
BIRDS.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR G. WILKIE 3 J- WALKER; J. STOCKDALE 3 J. AND
A. ARCH; LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN;
E, JEFFERY; SHERWOOD, NEELEY, AND JONES; LAW AND
WHITTAKER ; BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY; R. SCHOLEY;
J. BLACK} W. LOWE; J. BOOTH; GALE AND FENNER;3
S. BAGSTER; J. ROBINSON; J. RODWELL$3; WALKER AND
EDWARDS; AND HARPER AND CO.
1815.
age
ae” aafenemalage
F oes Fay
BEA a
-
eWMOR Ef
hae ie es be
INDEX
TO
VOL. IX.—PART I.
A LCEDO GALBULA Barbet, Latham’s . p. 28
: . p. 223 — lesser pied +930
grandis 227 little ‘ a 20
paradisea 225 || ————red-crowned . 23
——— red-fronted . 31
Barbet : : mere! —— spotted-bellied 37
—— African . . 25 || ——-— wax-billed sled
beautiful a ee20) yellow-cheeked 24
black-spotted . 34 || ———— yellow-throated 21
black-throated 30
a buff-faced 28 || Bucco ; ; ‘ 19
——— Cayenne oe i africanus * 3S
— collared . . 39 || ———calcaratus seth
doubtful. . 2{|| ——— capensis. . 39
Cayanensis . 33
srand _. - 40 '
Cayanensis nevius 34
- great : - 40
——— greater pied . 35
cinereus . AD
——— green. yee dubius, Latham 2
Indian. - 27 || ——- elegans. S20
‘Cescemene Afi Yl can
INDEX.
Vill
Bucco grandis. - p- 40
Indicus . 27
Lathami . 28
——— macrorhynchos 35
——— maynanensis 20
——— melanoleucos 36
——— niger 30
——-— nigro-maculatus 34
-parvus . < 2e
——— philippensis 21
—rubricapillus -. 23
———rufifrons . 31
Tamatia 37
viridis 22
——— Zeylanicus 24
Corvus affinis : « Al
— australis,Gmel. 4)
Coucal : j . 43
— Bengal 50
o———— black ‘ oS
—— blue .. « - 66
——— Chinese , eo BL
—— Egyptian 54
——— giant. 45
— green 55
——— Lathamian AG
——- pheasant 48
—-—- rufous 44
Senegal 53
—— Tolou 52
— variegated A7
——— white-bellied . 49
Cuckow. Fu wee
115
Cuckow African, Latham
- p. 25
——— Bee 137
black Indian . 88
Blue eT. . 86
blue-headed 110
——— Brasilian crested 113
——— Cape : «BS
——— Carolina . «) OS
——— Cayenne. . g90
eae Cayenne, black 41
Chinese spotted 102
-——— collared » Le
——. common vs 16S
——— Coromandel crested
: « i
——— crested black 114
———— ¢upreous . 129
——— Eastern black 87—88
——-— Edolio 114
——— Egyptian 51.54. 55
fan-tailed . - 96
——-— gilded 127
——— great spotted 116
——— Grosbeak coe 8B
a= HOrmed 121
-——-— Indian spotted 95
——— Klaas 128
Lark-heeled . 50
109
—— long-billed rain 122
long-heeled ae
——-— laughing .
Madagascar 101
—— — Madagascar crest-
ed. : . 118
———— Mangrove 125
———— Mindanao - 163
INDEX. 1X
Cuckow, noisy . .p. 108
——— Panayan ae |
——— Panayan spotted 106
—— pheasant . i 8 9
—— Pisan ? 5 EA
punctated - 98
——— rain : 2 924
——-—red-crested . 120
— red-headed a 50)
—rufous spotted . 105
——— sacred. - 104
——— St. Domingo . 07
shining . «126
——— Society . sa G2
——— solitary . . 84
Sonnerat’s 111
— spotted . - 99
——— strait-heeled . 53
Be)
——-— white-rumped black
——-— tippet,
. : ‘ ; 89
——— white-throated 83
—w— yellow-bellied . 107
CucuLus . : ae 63.0)
AEgyptius 51. 54.55
Afer~. 115
—— Afer, Latham 25
Americanus . 93
————— Andalusiz . 116
Ater 114
auratus 127
bengalensis . 50
——s=
bengalensis n@-
V1US : A > Oa
——_———— brasiliensis
120
CucuLus brasiliensis cor-
nutus ‘ . p. 121
brasiliensis cris-
-
tatus A : «4 bho
canorus ~ 6
capensis niin NOS
Carolinensis 93
cayanensis . 90
cayanensis ne@-
vius : é - 99
cayanus - 90
—_———— clamosus 108
———— ceruleus Nearer 59)
———- cornutus 121
————- coromandus 119
— crassirostris 86
criard 108
cristatus 118
————— _ cristatus ruber 120
[<—-—. cupreus 12.)
cyanocephalus 110
—Dominicus . 97
ex nigro et albo
mixtus 117
flabelliformis 90
flavus 107
aaa glandarius 116
guineensis crise
tatus viridis , 2168
Guira . 113
gularis ie
— honoratus 104
— jamaicensis . 124
i jamaicensis lon= .
giroster . fi o. * E22
Indicus. - 8s
xX INDEX.
Cucutus Indicus nevius
| p. 105
— Indicus niger 87
Klaasus J has
ss lucidus 126
— maculatus . 102
: — Madagascari-
ensis : ; 2401
—— Madagascari-
ensis): Briss... een 5S
Madagascari-
ensis ceruleus . <7 56
Madagascari-
ensis cristatus 118
Madagascari-
ensis major |. ‘aurea 2)
Malabaricusne-
v1US , : . 104
— melanoleucos 114
— MeEXICANUS 109
Mindanensis 103
— Mindanensisne-
vVLUS : A «= OA
minor . 125
ee neevius - 99
ee orientalis . 87
— palliolatus 112
— panayus 106
——— Persa . nig hOB
—-—— phasianus . 48
— pisanus 117
—— pluvialis eae:
——— punctatus 105
punctulatus . 9&
radiatus - 91
pyrrhocephalus 59
CucuLus rubicundus p. 109
scolopaceus . 95
senegalensis . 53
125
seniculus
serratus . 14
solitarius . 84
Sonnerratii 111
— taitensis a i Q2
——— taitius . enn
— tenebrosus . 89
— Lol some 5: pw
— tranquillus . Al
—- Vetula © 122
Curucui ; : ; 4.
blue-cheeked . 7
cinereous git eO
fasciated é 6
Indian. a males
Narina . oiijennaee
—— red-bellied on 16
rufous. ‘ 9
——- spotted . : 5
— violet-headed . 8
white-bellied .-. 11
yellow-bellied . 11
GALBULA pet)
= albirostris . 226
=e grandis « QB
—— longicauda . 225
— paradisea 225
eae rubricollis . 224
— viridis . 223
Honey-guide_ _.. « 131
INDEX.
Honey- -guide greater p. 13
—— lesser . 140 |
—_—_ Sparrman’s 138
Jacamar 222
great ; 5 227,
green . A eee)
——__— Paradise .. « 2D
red-throated ,
white-billed
Jacamiciri . d « «222
new Pallas . 227
INDICATOR. eee ea
major «139
——__—. minor 140
Malkoha . : :
red-headed =.
a——=— tricoloured
a. winite-bellied. -.
OpETHUS . 4
Africanus .
PHENICOPHEUS . 58
leucogas-
ter e e e ® 60
pyrrhoce-
phalus.. . ae OG)
ee {TICQIOY 6}
Picus - : ~. 146
aurantius . OS"
wees BULAtus . 213
Picus bengalensis p.
et. bicolor
_——- borealis é é
“3 cater. fe
Canadensis .
Canadensis striatus
canus : :
—— capensis .
—— Capitis Bone Spei
—— Cardinalis .
—— Carolinus -.
cayanensis .
a ca yanensis albus
—— griseus
a hirsutus
—— hirundinaceus .
icterocephalus .
——lignarius .
lineatus ,
mahrattensis :
major
w= Malaccensis
Carolinus var. Lath.
cayanensis minor
chlorocephalus .
cinnamomeus ‘
dominicensis minor
dominicensis striatus
erythrocephalus
exalbidus
fasciatus
flavescens .
flavicans
flavipes °
flaviventris . ;
goensis : :
Goertan
X11 INDEX. |
Picus manillensis . . p. 189 || Pievs varius - .- p. 168
martius 148 varius, Briss. 163
medius ; 3) 168, varius canadensis 173
—— melanochloros 203 varius cayanensis 220
melanoleucos 155 warlus jamaicensis 182
miniatus. - 2i0 varius majore . 163
minor . ) L6G varlus mexicanus ma-
minutus : . Q1F jor ‘ ; . 195
moluccensis Hees cod varius mexicanus mi-
multicolor 205 nor ; : 2 ZS
—— niger : 148 — varius minor . 166
—— niger carolinensis. 150 varius virginianus
—— niger cayanensis cris- — minor : WOvaAz7t
tatus ; F fT villosus : 171
—— norvegicus . » 2188 virginianus pileatus 158
nubicus , 180 viridis 183
obscurus. 153 || —— viridis norvegicus 188
~——olivaceus . 216 undatus- 206
passerinus . 200 || ——— undulatus 220
pectoralis . 208
—— Philippinarum 190 || Pocontus ; : 1
pileatus : 158 levirostris . 2
—— Pitius : - 212 sulcirosiris . 2
= Portoricensis ~ 217 - Vieilloti ; 3
principalis 150 || Pogonius groove-beaked 2
pubescens . - 170 smooth-beaked 2
ruber ; - 160 Vieillot’s 3
——— rubidicollis . 156
—— rubricollis . 159 || PoLopHiLus ‘ - 43
—— rufus . ; « -QOF /Egyptius 54
—— senegalensis . 198 || —————— bengalensis 50
—— striatus ; . 199 || ——— czeruleus 50
—— striatus, Gmel, . 162 || ——— gigas. 45
—r— striatus cayanensis 204 || ——— Lathami . 46
tricolor ‘ 175 || ——— leucogaster 49
—— tridactylia . ~ 219 || ———-——— maurus . 57
variegatus . . 193 || ————--———- Phasianus 48
INDEX. Xill
Potopuitus rufus . p.44 || Woodpecker, Bengal p. 185
——_———— senegalensis 53 || ——~ black-breast-
—— sinensis . 51 ed . : : « -205
cee Tolu _ §2 || ——— brown «~ 178
oot teilcd vatiegiwas 47 || 2 — buff-crested 155
ay viridis . 8)—— Canada spot-
ted : ; 173
Touraco . . Oe Cape 215
Beicam . 263 || es ian
Cardinal 176
TRIDACTYLIA 2198 | Saeco, Carolina . 182
Ee eahirsuta’. <21iQ: |b Tes Cayenne . 204
— undulata 220 |. ea » 157
—-— crimson-
Tridactylia eS romped: oy fap. awe AO
downy. . 219 || —————— downy . 170
waved . 51920. ||| ——.—_——-Encenada.. ..193
es ferruginous 209
TROGON : : 4. Goa: .(..... 187
, asiaticus ; 7 || ———-—. gold-backed 198
brasiliensis ‘viri- ——_—_-———- gold-crested 203
dis . . : - 16) ——-—__—- gold-winged 213
cayanensis cine- ——gorget -. 208
- reus i - + 10] ——— great black 148
—— Curucui 16 || —-—--——- greater spot-
= — fasciatus . . 6 || ted. : : - 163
— Indicus “13 ——— green , 183
—_ maculatus . 5 — grey 181
Narina .. 14 —— grey-headed
——— rufus. ° ce) green ‘ : - 188
— strigillatus 10 || ————— hairy op let
— violaceus. 8 — lesser black 196
————— viridis . eee | — lesser spotted 166
viridis a ventre —lineated . 152
candido . : PY |p ee ttle. sy. 10
| —————-—— Mahratta . 177
Woodpecker : 146 | ——-—--———- Malacca 1902
————— bank 212 | ———-——— Manillagreen 189
X1V
Woodpecker, middle spot-
ted : é oD
— eee minute
— northern .
Nubian
olive
eee
Sas ee
ee orange
———_——"passerine .
—————— Philippine
—_—--——_ pileated
Portorico .
rayed
red-breasted
enn FEcheeked
red-headed
ee red-necked
ease
red-rumped
——— - red-throated
a red-winged
ae rufous.
——-——_—- spotted bel-
lied : ; ;
, spotted In-
dian : ,
striped bel-
lied . ;
INDEX.
163.
211
174
180
216
105
200
190
158
217
199
150
206
153
159
104
156
185
162
Woodpecker, three-toed p. 219
three-toed,
southern .. : . 220
— varied 175
—_—_—— white-billed 150
——_——— white-rumped 153
———— yellow . 202
——— yellow-bel-
lied . , : o 161
——— yellow-crest-
ed
: : 201
——— yellow-head-
ed : ‘ 101
— yellow-leg-
— ged : : - 196
— Yellow, with
black spots : 34
WRYNECK . . 142
common piri i: 45
Yunx ; ; . 142
minutissimus Priore
torquilla . .- 148
BIRDS.
PIC A.
POGONIUS.
Generic Character.
Restrum magnum, crassum, || Beak large, thick, ciliated at
basi ciliatum, mandibula |} the base; with the upper
superiore utrinque biden- mandible bidentate on both
tata. sides.
Nares vibrissis tectz. Nostrils covered with bristles.
Pedes simplices, digitis duo- || eet simple, with two toes
bus anticis, duobus pos- before, and two behind.
ticis.
THere are at present only three species known
of this curious genus, which may be easily distin-
guished from Bucco by the characters above given.
They are all inhabitants of Africa, but with their
manners we are utterly unacquainted. |
V. IX. P. I. 1
GROOVE-BEAKED POGONIUS.
( Pogonius sulcirostris. )
a
Pic yaneo- ater ; gula, jugulo, abdomine fasciaque obscura alarum
coccineis ; lateralibus flavidis ; dorso macula alba ; remigibus
Juscis; rostro mandibula superiore longitudinaliter unisulcato,
anfertore sulcis transversis exarata.
Blue-black Pogonius, with the throat, neck, belly, and an ob-
scure stripe on the wings scarlet; sides yellowish; back with
-a white spot; quills dark brown; upper mandible with one
longitudinal, under with many transverse grooves.
Bucco dubius. «Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 206. 16.
Le Barbican. Buff. Hist! Nat. Ois,7. 132.
_ Le Barbican, des cétes de Barbarie, Buff. Pl. Eni. 602.
Pogonius sulcirostris. Leach Zool. Misc. 2. t. 76.
Doubtful Barbet, Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 500. 16.
Tuis remarkable bird is in length nine inches:
beak one inch and a half; the under mandible
_ transversely channelled beneath: upper parts. of
the body, wings, and tail black, with a white spot
on the back: abdomen yellowish at the sides: an
obscure stripe on the wings, and the whole of the |
under parts red, except a band on the breast, and
the thighs and vent, which are black : legs reddish
brown, and rather short. Inhabits the north of
Africa, about the coast of Barbary.
SMOOTH-BEAKED POGONIUS.,
(Pogonius levirostris.)
P. ater; gula, jugulo, pectore, abdomine fasciague alarum coc- —
cineis; dorso. macula alba; vertice caccineo-variegato ; rostro
levi haud sulcato.
psi
Se
GROOVE-BEAKED POGONIAS .
NN IN
Pp &,
Te
AUS? x
iis . ry
S Soa AS, cS <
SMOOTH-BEAKED POGONIAS.
VIEILLOT’S POGONIUS. 3 3
Black Pogonius ; throat, neck, breast, abdomen and a stripe on
the wings scarlet ; back with a white spot; crown of the head
variegated with scarlet; beak smooth, not grooved,
- Bucco dubius 6. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 206. 16. :
Pogonius levirostris. Leach Zool. Misc. 2. t. 77.
Beak not grooved beneath: general colour.
blueish black: the crown of the head variegated
with crimson, which colour passes behind the eyes,
and reaches forward to the breast, which is like-
wise crimson; greater wing-coverts tipped with
crimson, forming an oblique bar of the same across
the wing: on the back is a white spot: all the
under parts are red, except the chin, which is
black: quills brown: this bird inhabits Africa:
there is a very fine specimen preserved in the
British Museum. |
=
: VIEILLOT’S POGONIUS.
(Pogonius Vieilloti.)
P. brunneus; subtus albidus ; capite collo gula maculisque pec-
toralibus coccineis ; remigibus interioribus externé pallido mare
ginatis; rostro levi, haud sulcata.
Brown Pogonius ; whitish beneath; head, neck, throat, and
spots on the breast, scarlet; interior wing-quills externally
margined with pale; beak smooth, not grooved.
Pogonius Vieilloti. Leach Zool. Misc, 2. 104. t. 97.
Tue only specimen that I have seen is preserved
in the British Museum : this appears to be a young
bird in the state of changing its plumage. In-
habits Africa. |
TROGON. CURUCUL.
Generic Character. -
Rostrum breve, validum, mar- || Beak short, strong, serrated
gine serratum. at the margin.
Nares vibrissis tecte. Nostrils covered with bris-
tles.
Pedes breves, simplices lanu- || Feet short, simple, covered
gine tecta, digitis duobus with down, with two toes
anticis, duobus posticis. ' before, and two behind.
‘Tue birds of this genus are mostly inhabitants
of South America, there being only two that are
found in other parts; they differ very much in
appearance in the various stages of growth, so
much so, that it has caused great confusion of
species : they feed on fruits, and all agree in their
general habits of life, which are similar to those de-
scribed under “I. curucui. ‘They are called Cou-
roucouis or Curucui at Guiana, from their notes
- being very much like that word.
SPOTTED CURUCUI.
(Trogon maculatus. )
TR. fusco et nigricante fasciatus; vertice viridt; tectricibus alarum
remigibusque secundarits viridibus apice albis; cauda nigricante
Sasciis albis.
Curucui striped with dusky and brown; crown green; wing-
coverts and secondary quill-feathers green, white at the
tips ; tail dusky with white bars, |
Trogon maculatus. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 404,—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1, 201. 7. bata
Spotted Curucui. Lath. Syn 2.491. 6.
ABOUT Six iia i in length: beak brown: crown
dark green: neck, breast, and belly, pale brown,
barred with dusky: margins of the wings white :
coverts and secondaries green, tipped with white :
tail dusky, banded with white. Inhabits Ceylon.
FASCIATED CURUCUI.
(Trogon fasciatus. )
Tr. dorso ferrugineo, corpore.subtus fulvo-rubro ; capite collogue
migricantibus ; fascia pectoral alba; alis albo nigroque fas-
ciatis; cauda apice nigris.
Curucui with a ferruginous back, body beneath fulvous red ;
head and neck dusky, with a white fascia on the breast;
wings fasciated with black and white; apex of the tail black.
Trogon fasciatus.. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 405.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 200. 6.
Fasciated Curucui. Lath, Syn. 2. 492. 7.
Lenetu ten inches and a half. Beak black, thick,
strong, and arched, furnished with bristles at the
base: orbits naked, of a dark blue: irides yellow:
head and neck dusky black: paler on the breast,
across which is a white band, beneath that the
whole under side is of a light, reddish, orange
colour: back tawney, tail-coverts grey : wing-co-
verts and scapulars elegantly barred with un-
dulating lines of black and white: quills dusky, —
striated with white on the exterior webs: tail
very long, unequal, the outer feathers the shortest:
tip black: legs dusky. :
This species inhabits Ceylon, where it is called
by the inhabitants Rautvan-kondea, but it is very —
rare.
BLUE-CHEEKED CURUCUI.
(Trogon asiaticus. )
TR. viridis, fronte vertice cerviceque rubris, gula cerulea macula
— rubra, remigibus rectricibusque nigris.
Green Curucui, with the forehead, crown and hind part of the
neck red ; throat blue, with a red spot ; quills and tail-feathers
black.
Trogon asiaticus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 201.8.
Blue-cheeked Curucui. Lath. Syn. Sup. 93.
Nive inches in length : forehead red, edged with
a white line; crown and hind part of the neck,
red, bounded below with a line of white, and on
the sides by black: from each eye a narrow red
line extends pointing upwards: throat blue, marked
with a spot of red at the bottom: the rest of the
body, wings and tail, a rich green, the quills ex-
cepted, which are black: legs green. Inhabits
India. al
VIOLET-HEADED CURUCUI.
‘(Trogon violaceus. )
Tr. violaceus, dorso viridi, tectricibus alarum, remigibusque se-
cundariis albo maculatis, rectricibus tribus, lateralibus albo
nigroque fasciatis, apice albis.
Violet-coloured Curucui, with a green back; wing-coverts and
secondary quills spotted with white; the three lateral tail-
feathers barred with black and white, with white tips. _
Trogon violaceus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 404.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
109Ka.. 1” 1
Le Couroucou a chaperon violet. Buff. Hist, Nat, Ois. 6.
204.
Violet-headed Curucui. Lath, Syn. 2. 491. 5.
Ratuer larger than T. rufus. Beak lead-co-
-loured at the base, and whitish at the points; on
the forehead, round the eyes and the ears, it is
blackish ; the remainder of the head, throat, neck,
and breast, very dark violet ; eye-lids yellow; back
and rump of a dark gilded green; upper tail-co-
verts blueish green, and gilded as the others;
wings brown; coverts and lesser quills spotted .
with white; the two middle tail-feathers blueish
~ green, tipped with black; the next two, on each
side, partly green, and partly black; the three
exterior ones black, barred and tipped with white.
Inhabits Cayenne.
Dee
if:
esicicers
RUFOUS CURUCUIL.
RUFOUS CURUCUI.
(Trogon rufus.)
Tr. rufus, corpore subtus flavo, alis griseo nigroque striatis, rec-
trictbus tribus utrinque lateralibus albo nigroque Leege apice
albis.
Rufous Curucui, with the body beneath yellow; wings striated
_with black and grey; the three lateral tail- feathers striated
with black and white, with white tips.
Trogon rufus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.404. Lath, Ind. abe 1.
200-6. a).
Couroucou a queue rousse de Cayenne. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ors.
6. 293.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 736.
Rufous Curucui. Lath. Syn. 2. 490-4. 21.
Tue Rufous Curucui is in length nine inches ;
general colour rufous; the belly, thighs, and vent
yellow; wing-coverts striated with black and grey ;
quills black, with dusky edges; six inner tail-
feathers of equal length, rufous with black tips ;
_ three exterior ones striated transversely with black
and white, gradually shortening in length to the
most outward one, and tipped. with wht belly
and legs dusky. Is found in Cayenne.
10
CINEREOUS CURUCUI.
(Trogon strigilatus. )
Tr. cinereus, abdomine fulvo, alis strigis albis, rectricibus nigris,
tribus lateralibus extus albo fasciatis apice albis.
Cinereous Curucui, with a fulvous abdomen; wings striated with
white; tail-feathers black, the three lateral ones outwardly
banded and tipped with white. —
Trogon strigilatus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 167. 1.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 402,.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 200. 4.
Trogon cayanensis cinereus, Bris, 4. 165.—1. 16. 1.—Geo.
Orn, 2. 53: 188.
Couroucow’ de la Guiane, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 293.—Buff
Pl. Enl, 765.
Cinereous Curucui. Lath. Syn. 2. 489. 3.
Size of a Blackbird. Length twelve inches and
a half; beak one inch long and dark ash colour;
the general colour of the body dark ash, but more
so on the legs and thighs; belly and under tail-
coverts of a fine orange yellow; scapulars, upper
wing-coverts, and. the greater ones close to the
body, blackish, striated transversely with narrow
white lines; those farthest from the body plain;
under wing-coverts dark ash, margined with white ;
greater quills blackish; the five first have white
margins two-thirds of their length; secondaries -
blackish, but white at the base, and marked with
that colour on the exterior edge; tail blackish,
the six middle feathers six inches and a quarter in
length; the three exterior ones shorten gradually,
the most outward being two inches shorter than
YELLOW-BELLIED CURUCUL. illite
YELLOW-BELLIED CURUCUI = 11
the middle ones, and striated with white on the
outer edge, as well as tipped with the same; legs
and claws dark ash-colour. Inhabits Cayenne and
Guiana. |
YELLOW-BELLIED CURUCUI.
( Trogon viridis.)
TR. viridi-aureus subtus luteus, gula nigra, rectricibus utrinque
tribus extimis oblique et dentatius albis.
Golden Green Curucui, beneath yellow; throat black ; with the
three lateral. tail-feathers on both sides, obliquely dentated
with white.
Trogon viridis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 167. 3.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1, 404. —Bris. 4, 168.2. %. 7: 1.—Ger. Orn, 2. 53. 180.—
Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 199. 2.
Couroucou 3 a ventre jaune. Buff: Hist. Nat. O1s. 6.201.—Buff.
Pi. Enl. 195. |
Yellow-bellied Curucui. Lath. Syn. 2. 488. 2.
‘B. minor, abdomine albo. 3
Less, abdomen white. |
Trogon viridis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 107. Q. B.—Lath. Ind, Orn.
1.1909: 2; 6.
Trogon viridis ventre candido, Briss. 4. 170. 3
Couroucou verd a ventre blanc, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ovs. 6. 293.
White-bellied Curucui. . Lath. Syn. 1, 489. 2. |
ELEVEN inches and a half in length; beak pale
ash-colour; nearly an inch long; the upper part
of the head violet, with a mixture of green gold ;
the sides of the head and throat black ; the upper
parts of the body green gold reaching forwards
and forming a band of the same colour on the
12 YELLOW-BELLIED CURUCUI.
breast; all beneath this orange yellow; the thighs
nearly black, under wing-coverts the same, bor-
dered with white; upper wing-coverts and scapu-
lars black; quills black brown, the outer edges
from the base to the middle white, from thence to
the end spotted with white; tail wedge-shaped ;
the two middle feathers exceed the outer ones by
near two inches, and blackish, glossed with green
gold; the second and third, on each side, the
same, but the margins only green gold; the third
has a black tip; the fourth blackish, and indented
with white on the exterior edge at the tip; and
the two outer ones, half way from the base blackish,
the rest white; and. these two colours indented
into each other, as in the former; legs feathered.
to the toes, with blackish feathers ; toes and claws
brown ash. Inhabits Cayenne. |
There is a variety of this bird which is rather
less than the former, and differs in having the belly
white, instead of yellow; the end half of the tail-
feathers white, separated obliquely, but indented
with the other colours, as in the common variety.
INDIAN CURUCUI.
(Trogon indicus.)
Tr. nigricans, supra ferugineo-maculatus ; subtus flavescens ni-
gricante fasciatus ; capite nigro alboque striato 5 cauda longis-
sima fasciata.
Dusky Curucui, with ferruginous spots above 3 beneath yel-
_lowish striped with dusky ; head black with white stripes; tail
very long and barred.
Trogon indicus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.201. 9.
Indian Curucui. Lath. Syn. Sup. 94.
Beak blueish, very much hooked; head and
neck black, striped with white; from the corners
of the mouth, just beneath the cheeks a whitish
streak; back and wings dusky, marked with
round rusty spots; Breet and belly yellowish
white, barred with dusky; tail very long, wedge-
shaped, and crossed with narrow dusky ae ; legs
ash-colour.
Dr. Latham, from whose celebrated work we
have taken the description of this bird, savs it
inhabits India, and is called by the natives wun-
gummi. | |
14
NARINA CURUCUI.
(Trogon Narina.)
Tr. Superne viridis ; abdomine coccineo. |
_ Mas. Capite, dorso, collo, gula, jugulo, pectore tectricibusque vt-
ridibus, his postice cinereis ; wail a nigris externe albo-=
limbatis.
Fem. Gula, jugulo, tectricibusque brunueis ; Dpshlint antice
cinerascente.
Curucui above green; with a red belly.
Male, with the head, neck, back, throat, jugulum, breast, and
wing-coverts green; which last are greyish behind; quills
black, bordered externally with white.
Female, with the throat, jugulum, and wing-coverts brown ;
abdomen in front cinerascent.
Le Couroucoucou Narina. Le Vaill. Ois. d’ Afr. 5. 228. male.
229. female.
‘Tue male has the head, neck, back, legs, wings,
and tail-coverts green; large wing-coverts cine-
reous, beautifully rayed and speckled with zigzag
marks of blackish; the great quills black with
broad white margins; breast, belly, and under
parts of the tail red; the four middle feathers of.
which are of a length, and of a beautiful green co-
Jour; feet yellowish; eyes reddish ; female much
less ee the male, greenish brown on the head,
back part of the neck and upper part of the tail ;
throat and under part of the neck and breast red--
dish brown; belly rose-coloured; wing quills
sooty black with white edges; great coverts less
rayed than those of the male; eyes brown. |
NARINA CURUCUI. 15
In the young state the male has the large wing-
coverts reddish, and the quills of the wings
brownish black, with white sides; and the female
has less of the reddish colour than the male, the
hinder part of the neck and the breast is red.
Le Vaillant, to whom we are indebted for the
figure and description of this bird, informs us that
it is an inhabitant of Caffraria, and the country
of Auteniquoi to the river Gamtoo, and that the
name Narina in the Hottentot language signifies
a flower. “A 7
This species builds its nest in the holes of trees,
in which the female deposits four nearly round
eggs, and during the time of her incubation the
male has a melancholic note, at all other times he
is silent..
16
RED-BELLIED CURUCUI.
(Trogon Curucui.) —
TR. viridi-aureus, subtus Sfulvo-miniaceus ; gula nigra, tectricibus -
alarum rectricibusque triius extimis albo nigroque_fasciatis.
Golden-gr een Curucui, of a fulvous red beneath; throat black ;
wing-coverts and the three exterior tail- feathers white striped
with black.
Trogon Curucui. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 167. 2.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1, 403.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 198. 1.
Trogon brasiliensis viridis, Bris. 4. 173. 4.—Ger: Orn. 2. 53.
187.
Couroucou a ventre rouge. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ors. 6. 287. Ades
Buff. Pl. Enl. 452.
Red-bellied Curucui. Lath. Syn. 2. 485. 1.
B. griseo-cinereus viridi-nitens ; abdomine postice rubro 3 cauda
longiore. ‘
Greyish cinereous, with a green gloss; abdomen red behind ;
tail long.
Couroucou a longue queue. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 88.—Buff.
Pl. Enl. 737.
- Trogon Curucui, Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 198. 1. y.
Red-bellied Curucui. Lath, Syn. 2. 486. 1. B.
Ratuer less than a Magpie; length ten inches
and a half; beak pale yellow; the under man-
dible armed with stiff black bristles, and both eye-
lids the same; irides golden; head, neck, upper
part of the breast, back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts shining green, with a blue gloss in certain
lights; throat black; wing-coverts blueish grey,
marked with many undulating black lines; quills
black, with part of the shafts white; the breast,
RED-BELLIED CURUCUI. 17:
belly, sides, and under tail-coverts of a’ beautiful
red: the thighs blackish: upper surface of the tail
green, sani? to the back, except 1 the three outer
feathers, which are blackish, and crossed with
narrow transverse lines of grey ; tail itself wedge-
shaped: legs brown. The female is said by Button
_ to differ in having those parts, which are of a fine
brilliant green in the male, black grey, and en-
tirely without gloss: the undulating lines on the
wings are also less conspicuous: and three of the
outer tail-feathers have the webs marked with black
and white: the upper mandible is not yellow, but
- brown, and the red colour does not extend so high
on the breast. : )
This bird is said to vary very much, and Marc- |
. grave mentions one which had the wing-coverts
an brown: the bill ash-coloured, irides saffron-
coloured, and without the bare spot under the eye
mentioned by Brisson in his description.
_ There is another variety described and figured
by Buffon: the beak of which is exactly eitnilak
both in shape and colour: but the whole bird is of
@ cinereous grey, with very slight traces of green
_ gold, on a close inspection, especially on the back
and middle tail-feathers: the lower part of the
belly and vent only are red: and the tail itself
very long, having the outer webs of the three la-
teral feathers and the tips plain white: the three
outer quills are also marked with black and white.
on the exterior webs.
This is a very solitary bird, being found re in
the thickest forests, and in the pairing time there
Vv. IX. PI. 2
18 RED-BELLIED CURUCUI.
are never more than two found together, at which
time the male has a very melancholy note (by
which his haunts are discovered) which is never
uttered at any other time than while the female is
sitting, for instantly on the young making their
appearance, he becomes again perfectly mute.
They begin to pair in April, and build in the hole
of a rotten tree, laying three or four white eggs,
about the size of Pigeon’s, on the decayed dust,
which if there does not happen to be any already in
the hole, they are said to procure by bruising the
sound wood into powder, by means of their bill,
which being very strong and powerful they easily
effect. During the incubation of the female, .the
male supplies her with food, and by his song helps
to pass away the time, which might otherwise
seem too long. The young when first hatched,
are quite destitute of feathers: the head is very
large and out of proportion, and the legs too long :
the old birds feed them with small worms, cater-
pillars and insects, and when able to shift for
themselves, desert them and return to their solt-
tary haunts, till August or September ; when they
are again instinctively prompted = produce an-
other brood.
These birds are called at St. Domingo, Le Ca-
legon rouge, and in other islands, Demozselle, or
Dame Angloise, in which places it has been tried
in vain to tame them, as they refuse to eat, and
die in consequence. They are likewise found at
Cayenne, Peru, Brasil, and Mexico.
19
BUCCO. BARBET.
Generic Character.
Rostrum, robustum, acutum, || Beak strong, pointed, com-
lateribus compressis, usque |} pressed laterally, covered
ad oculus hyans,adapicem |} with strong bristles or
emarginatum etincurvatum, |} bearded at the base, the
ad basin barbatum aut pen- || apex emarginate and in-
nis duriusculis obtectum. curved ;. the gape reaching
ae ee below the eyes.
Nares pennis recumbentibus || Nostri/s covered with recum-
_ obtecte. bent feathers. ‘
Pedes scansorii. Feet formed for climbing.
Tue birds of this genus are all inhabitants of
Africa, and the warmer parts of Asia and Ame-
rica; their head is very large, their bills strong
and nearly straight, almost covered with bristles,
tail-feathers generally ten. They are a solitary
stupid race, mostly living in sequestered forests ;
their principal food is insects.
20
Wings simple, or without a spur at the shoulder.
BEAUTIFUL BARBET.
(Bucco maynanensis.)
Bu. viridis, capite gulaque rubris ceruleo-marginatis ; jugulo
pectoreque flavo; abdomine antice rufescente, postice fusco
maculato ; remigibus interne. fuscescentibus.
Green Barbet, with the head and throat red margined with
blue: jugulum and breast yellow; abdomen in front rufes-
cent, behind spotted with fuscous; quill-feathers internally
brownish.
Bucco maynanensis. Briss. 4, 102.5.t.7.f. 3.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 203. 4. |
Bucco elegans. Gimel. Syst. Nat. 1. 406.
Le beau Tamatia. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 7. 98.
Barbu de Maynas. Buff. Pl. Enl. 330.
Beautiful Barbet. Lath. Syn. 2. 498. 4.
Tuis bird is the size of a Sparrow: length about
five inches and three quarters: beak near an inch
long, of an ash-colour, with the edges and tip of a
yellowish white : top of the head, sides, and throat,
red, edged with light blue: at the corners of the
mouth is a streak of light blue, which separates
the red on each side: the upper parts of the body
and tail are green: the latter wedge-shaped and
consisting of ten feathers: the quills are brown,
with the outer edges green: the fore part of the
neck and breast deep yellow: on the lower part
of the breast is a large red spot; the rest beneath
yellowish white, spotted longitudinally with green:
the legs and claws ash-colour.
YELLOW-THROATED BARBET. 91
Is found in the country of Maynas, on the bor-
ders of the river Amazon, in South America, and
is much more lively than most of its kind, as well
as more agreeable in its shape, not being so clum-
sily made, and more beautiful in its general ap-
pearance.
YELLOW-THROATED BARBET.
(Bucco philippensis.)
Bu. viridis, subtus flavicans olivaceo maculatus: gula capiteque
lateribus flavis ; vertice juguloque rubris.
Green Barbet, beneath,yellowish spotted with olive ; throat and _
sides of the head yellow; top and jugulum red.
Bucco philippensis. Bris. 4. 99.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 407.—
Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 203. 7.— Cuv. des an, 234. 1.
Barbu a gorge jaune. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 102, 5.
Barbu des Philippines. Buff--Pl. Eni. 331.
Yellow-throated Barbet. Lath, Syn. 2. 500. 7.
LeneTu five inches and ahalf: the beak brown,
rather thick, and almost an inch in length: the
top of the head, as far as the crown, red; the rest
of the head, with the upper parts of the body,
wings, and tail, dull green: on each side of the
head is a large yellow spot, in the middle of
which the eye is placed: the throat and fore part
of the neck are yellow: on the upper part of the
breast is a transverse broad band of red: the rest
of the under parts dirty yellow: longitudinally
streaked with dull green: the legs yellowish,
claws brown. The female differs from the male in
29 GREEN BARBET.
having no red on the head and breast; and the
spot in which the eyes are placed, with the breast,
and fore part of the neck, are yellowish white.
Inhabits the Philippine islands.
GREEN BARBET.
( Bucco viridis.)
Bu. wveridis; capite colloque griseo-fuscis; capite pone oculum
utringue macula alba,
Green Barbet, with the head and neck greyish-brown; head
‘with a white spot on both sides near the eyes.
Bucco viridis. Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 408.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
205. 11. ‘
Le Barbu vert. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 7, 107.
Le Barbu de Mahé. Buf. Pl. Enl. 870.
Green Barbet. Lath, Syn. 2. 504.11.
THIs species is six and a half inches in length: ©
the bill is white, and measures an inch and a half
long, and seven lines thick at the base; where the
upper mandible is furnished with black bristles:
the head and neck are greyish-brown : the feathers
of the latter edged with white: there is a white
spot both above and beneath the eye: the rest of
the bird, except the greater quills, which are
brown, is of a beautiful green, but paler on the
under side: legsdusky. Inhabits India.
RED-CROWNED BARBET.
(Bucco rubricapillus.)
Bu. viridis, vertice gulaque coccinets; humeris macula albida;
pectore flavo fascia rubra nigro marginata; abdomine albo.
‘Green. Barbet, with the crown and throat scarlet; shoulders
with a white spot; breast yellow with a red fascia margined
with black; abdomen white.
Bucco rubricapillus. Gmel. Syst. Nat.1.408.—Lath. Ind. Orn,
1, 205. 13. |
Red-crowned Barbet. Brown, Ill. t. 14.—Lath. Syn. 2. 505. 14.
Axout five inches and a half in length: beak
dusky: crown and throat scarlet: a black line on
the sides of the head above each eye; and a white
spot above each shoulder: back and wing-coverts
green: primary feathers dusky, breast yellow,
with a short transverse band of black, and an-
other of red in the middle: belly white: tail
green: the exterior feathers dusky: legs red.
Inhabits Ceylon.
24
YELLOW-CHEEKED BARBET.
(Bucco zeylanicus. )
“Bu. viridis ; capite colloque pailide fuscis; genis flavis nudius-
culis ; tectricibus alarum albo maculatis.
Green Barbet, with the head and neck pale fuscous: cheeks
"yellow and naked : wing-coverts with white spots. _
Bucco zeylanicus. Gmel. Roe Nat. 1, 408.—Lath, akae Orn.
1. 205. 15.
Yellow-cheeked Barbet. Bou Til. t. 15 oth, Syn. 2. 506.
- 15.—Lath, Sup. 95.
Near six inches in length: beak red: head and
neck pale brown, clouded: eyes situated in a
naked yellow spot: back pale green: wing-coverts
the same, each feather spotted with white in the
middle : primary feathers green : interior feathers
dusky : belly pea- ae tail sein legs pale
yellow.
This species inhabits Cevlon, Batavia, and like-
wise India: is called by the Cingalese, Kottorea.
It perches on high trees, cooing like a turtle, but
much louder; and from'this noise the natives
have given it the above name.
25
AFRICAN BARBET. |
(Bucco Africanus.)
Bu. Remigibus ceruleo aut viridescente nigris.
Mas. Corpore subtus fronteque albidis ; vertice, colloque postice
nigris; cauda superne ceruleo- -nigra; tectricibus viridibus
rubro-marginatts.
Foem. :Capite, collo, jugulo, Rcregue Serrugineis fusco-lunato
— maculatis ; dorso caudaque superne ferruginets immaculatis,
Barbet, with the quills of a blue or greenish black.
Male, with the body beneath and the forehead whitish; top of
_ the head and neck behind black; tail above of a blue-black ;
“ -wing-coverts green with red margins,
Female, with the head, neck, jugulum, and belly ferruginous
with lunulated fuscous spots; back and tail above ferruginous —
without spots.
Cuculus Afer. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. GTM Tad. Orn.
1. 217. 34. | 7
Cuculus Madagascariensis major. Briss, 4. 160, 28. ¢. 15. f. 1.
Le Vourou-driou, Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 395. mas. “a
Le “cn ae Le Vaill. Ois. a’ Afr. 5.° 226. mas. 227.
femdle, e\ 2...
Le Grand Coucou de Higa cetenr Buff. Pl. Ent. 587. mas.
588. female.—Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 396.
African Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 532. 36. A. male, ‘B. female...
Tuis bird has been considered by many authors
as a species of Cuculus, but the form of the beak
alone, (without descending to other characters, ) is
sufficient to remove it from thence. The beak of the
male is two inches in length, and blackish: head,
throat, and neck ash-colour: crown of the head
biliekish, ‘with a green and copper gloss: from the
bill to the eye on each sideis a black line: the back,
rump, scapulars, and upper wing and tail-coverts,
- Me
96 AFRICAN BARBET.
green, glossed with copper: breast, belly, sides,
thighs, under wing and tail-coverts bright grey:
greater quills blackish: lesser quills dull green,
with a greenish copper gloss: the tail composed
of twelve feathers of equal lengths, above copper
and green gold, beneath black: legs reddish:
claws black. The beak of the female is above two
inches in length, and brown: head, throat, and
hind part of the neck, transversely striped with
brown and rufous: back and rump brown: the
upper tail-coverts, fore part of the neck, breast,
belly, sides, and under ‘tail-coverts, inclining to
rufous, with a blackish spot-near the end of every
feather: thighs and under wing-coverts plain:
lesser wing-coverts brown with rufous tips: greater
ones brown on the inner, and dull green on the
outer edge, margined and tipped with rufous:
quills as in the male, but duller: tail brown above,
rather rufous at the tip: legs reddish: claws
blackish.
The female of this bird greatly exceeds the
male in length, being seventeen inches and a half
long, eed the male is but fifteen.
This species abounds in Caffraria and the ad-
joining country; the male is called by the natives
Vouroug-driou, and the female Cromb, being by
them .considered as distinct, in consequence of
their great dissimilarity: it is likewise found in
Madagascar. Its food consists principally of
fruits, but Le Vaillant found in their stomachs
the remains of half digested cicada, mantide
ang locusts. ,
27
INDIAN BARBET.
(Bucco Indicus. )
Bu. viridis, subtus albus striis viridibus, capite nigro fronte ju-
guloque rubris; genis, gula maculaque pectoris flavis.
_ Green Barbet, beneath white striated with green, head black,
forehead and front of the neck red; cheeks, throat, and
breast with yellow spots.
Bucco Indicus. Lat. Ind. Orn. 1.205. 14.
Indian Barbet. Lath. Syn. Sup. 97.
Srx inches in length: beak blue, hooked, beset
at the base with hairs that exceed the bill itself in
length: plumage in general green: forchead red:
round the eye and chin yellow: the rest of the
head black: body beneath white, streaked with
green, reaching on each side of the neck in a
crescent, and bordering the yellow chin: below
this it is red, and lower is a spot of yellow, except
which, the rest cf the under part is white: quills
dark ash-colour: legs red. Inhabits India, where
it is called Bussen-buddoo.
LATHAM’S BARBET.
(Bucco Lathami.)
Bu. olivaceus, remigibus caudaque obscuris ; facie mentoque sub-
JSusco rufescentibus.
Greenish Barbet, quill-feathers and tail obscure, ‘the face ere
chin brownish rufescent.
Bucco Lathami. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 408. Let Ind. Orn, 1.
205. 12.
Buff-faced Barbet. Lath. Syn. 1. 504, 12. ¢. 22.
LrenetH six inches: beak pale, covered with
bristles at the base, which are longer than the bill
itself: the forehead, chin, and sides of the head,
round the eyes are of a dull buff colour: the rest
of the head and body are of a dark olive green,
except the under parts that are rather lighter:
wings the same as the back: quills dusky, with
green margins; the tail likewise dusky and short :
legs and claws yellow.
There is a specimen of this bird in the British
Museum, native place unknown.
vj
—— Ne
Dn OS
elttiinate (REA 3 ; 4
=
a
—
29
LITTLE BARBET.
| (Bucco parvus. )
Bu. fulvo-fuscus, subtus albidus fusco striatus ; gula lutea ; striga
suboculari pallida.
Fulvous-brown Barbet, beneath whitish striated with brown;
throat yellow; and with a pale streak beneath the eyes.
Bucco parvus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 407.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
204. 9.
Le petit Barbu. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 105.
Barbu du Senegal. Buff. Pl. Enl. 7406, 2.
Little Barbet. Lat. Syn. 2. 503. 9. |
Turs is one of the smallest of the genus, being
only four inches in length. The beak is brown;
the upper parts of the body blackish-brown with a
fulvous tinge; and on the quills and tail a shade
of green: the quill-feathers are white on the
edges; the under parts of the body are white,
marked with brown stripes: the throat yellow:
there is a short streak at the angles of the
mouth, beneath the eye, sometimes whitish, some-
times yellow: the legs are pale red or flesh colour.
Inhabits Senegal.
30
-BLACK=THROATED BARBET.
(Bucco niger. )
Bu. niger supra flavo maculatus ; sincipite rubro ; collo striga
bifida, pectore abdomineque albis; remigibus externe flavo-
marginatts.
Barbet black above with yellow spots: forehead red: neck with
a bifid stripe, with the breast and abdomen white; flag-
feathers outwardly margined with yellow.
Bucco niger. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 407.—Lat. Ind. Orn. 1.
204. 8.
Le Barbu de lisle de Lucon. Son. Voy. 68. 34.
Barbu a gorge noire. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 103.
Black-throated Barbet. Lath, Syn. 2. 501. 8.
LenerH seven inches: the beak blackish: the
forehead of a fine red: the top, hind part of the
head, throat, and neck black: above each eye is
a curved stripe of yellow which, as it proceeds
downwards, becomes white, and descends in a
straight line to the lower part of the neck on each
side; under this stripe is a black one, and between
this and the throat is a band of white, which is
continued, and blends itself with the breast ; which
is white, as well as the belly, sides, thighs, and
under tail-coverts; the middle of the back is
black, but the side feathers between the back and
neck have a yellow spot on each: wing-coverts
black ; four of them edged with white, and one
with swell? forming a stripe across the wing:
beneath this some a the feathers are spotted with
RED-FRONTED - BARBET. 31
yellow at the ends, below these again there are
others margined with yellow: the quills are black,
bordered with yellow: the four middle feathers of
the tail are black, the rest black, ae with
yellow: the legs are black.
There is a specimen of this bird in the British
Museum, said to have been brought from the
Cape of Good Hope, agreeing with the above de-
scription in every respect, except that the rump is
of a beautiful yellow. It has been described by
Sonnerat, who says it inhabits the wales tei
Islands.
RED-FRONTED BARBET.
(Bucco rufifrons. )
Bu. Gula, jugule, pectore colloque postice nigris; fronte rubro ;
collo utrinque strigis duabus abdomineque albidis ; dorso, alis,
caudaque flavis nigro variis.
Barbet with the throat, jugulum, breast and neck behind black ;
forehead red; neck on both sides with two striz, and with
the abdomen whitish; wings and tail yellow varied with
black. ’ ,
Le Barbu 4 plastron noir. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 104.
Barbu du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff. Pl. Enl. 688. 1,
Bucco niger 8. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 204. 8.
Tuts species is six inches and a half in length:
the beak is black : forehead crimson ; from whence
there is a black stripe which passes over the head,
and down the back part of the neck to the back:
the sides of the head and neck are white, with the
ca
ie Fare ae.
32. RED-FRONTED BARBET.«
breast; from which to the vent the under parts
are white: the white on the sides of the head is
diversified, first, by a streak of yellow, which is
placed over the eyes, and secondly by an irregular
one of black that begins at the base | of the upper
mandible, and divides the white into two parts,
ending on the shoulders: the chin and fore parts
of the neck are also black; the upper parts of the
body and wings are brown and yellow mixed, the:
edges of feathers being generally fringed with
yellow: ‘the rump is almost wholly of a pale but.
bright yellow: the tail is brown with yellow mar-
gins: the legs are lead-colour.
This bird is supposed by Dr. Latham to be a
native of the Cape of Good Hope, and to be either
the young of B. niger, or the other sex, but the
form of the bill evidently proves they must be
distinct. Its manners are quite unknown.
Piss
a ts
i)
oo
CAYENNE BARBET.
(Bucco Cayenensis.) |
Bu, niger; pennis margine griseo aureis; subtus albo Hemet
Sronte gulaque Pieris: ; supercilis albis.
Black Barbet, with the feathers margined with grey gold;
beneath whitish yellow ; eoren Cae and throat red, above the
eyes white.
Bucco Cayenensis. Bris. 4.95. 2. t. 7. f- 1.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 405.—Laith. Ind. Orn, 1. 202. 2.
Le Tamatia a téte et gorge rouges. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 7.96.
Barbu de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl. 206. 1.
Cayenne Barbet. Lath. Syn. 2. 495. 2.
Lenetu seven inches: the beak about an inch
long, of a dark ash-colour: the forehead and
throat are red: top of the head black and grey,
with a golden gloss; each feather black in the
middle; there is a band of white passing over the
eye on each side of the head, almost to the back :
sides of the head black: the upper parts of the
body black: edges of the feathers grey gold: fore
part of the neck, breast and belly, yellowish
white; the side sprinkled with cinereous olive,
and some of the feathers at the tip marked With
__ black: thighs olive: the lesser wing-coverts black :
the greater ones and scapulars blackish, marked
on the outside with a yellowish white spot: quills
blackish margined with olive on the outer part,
and whitish on the inner: the tail cuneiform 3;
olive brown above, and cinereous beneath: legs
and claws cinereous. Inhabits Cayenne, Guiana,
and St. Domingo.
Wie ik. P. 1. 3
34
BLACK-SPOTTED BARBET.
(Bucco nigro-maculatus.)
Bu. nigricans; subtus albo-flavescens ; fronte gulaque rubris ; collo
“subtus, pectore et lateralibus maculis nigris.
Black Barbet ; beneath yellowish white; forehead and throat
red; lower part of the neck, breast, and sides ~ Sig with
Black spots.
Bucco Cayenensis 8. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 202. 2.
Bucco Cayenensis nevius. Bris. 4.97.3. t. 7.f- 4.
Barbu de St. Domingue. Buff. Pl. Enl. 746. 2.
Yellow Woodpecker with black spots. Edwards, 333.
Black spotted Barbet. Lath, Gen. Syn. 2. 496. 2. a.
Tuts bird, which is an inhabitant of Cayenne,
is described in the Synopsis of Dr. Latham as a
variety of B. Cayenensis, but upon an accurate
examination of two specimens in Mr. Bullock’s
Museum, it appears entirely distinct: it is about
seven inches in length; with the forehead and
throat red: top of the head black, the edges of
the feathers grey gold; sides of the head, and hind
part of the neck black; edges of the. feathers
whitish: those of the rump also black with grey
edges: under parts of the body pale yellow:
breast and sides marked with large black spots:
thighs olive: wing-coverts and quills not spotted
with white as in the last, but similar in other
respects: tail, legs, and beak as in it.
77
g io YY / \ ‘\ i
ti fe Wiley \
Viylpy ; : f
Hh) Nid
! J)
wl vy
Wy,
a gud
Y
ip Wy
Mn ‘
BLACK-SPOTTED BARBET.
Go
Wr
GREATER PIED BARBET.
(Bucco macrorhynchos.)
Bu. niger; fronte, gula, jugulo, abdomine caudaque apice albis.
Black Barbet, with the forehead, throat, front of the neck,
abdomen, and tip of the tail white.
Bucco macrorhynchos, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 406. Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 203. 5. | Sau
Tamatia noir et blanc. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 99.
Le plus grand Barbu a gros bec. Buff. Pl. Enl, 089.
Greater pied Barbet. Lath. Syn. 2. 498. 5.
Tuts species is remarkable for the size of its
beak, which considerably exceeds that of the
other species both in length and thickness; it is
much, hooked, and black: the forehead is white:
the crown of the head and nape black; on the
front, this colour reaches downward, and nearly
surrounds the eye: the forehead, throat, and fore
part of the neck with the sides beneath the eye
are white, extending in a narrow collar round the
nape behind: the lower part of the neck, back,
and wing-coverts, are black, bordered with dusky
white: across the breast is a band of black: the
quills and tail are also black; but the feathers of
the latter have white tips: the belly and vent
white:. the sides and thighs. black and white
mixed; the legs dusky. Found at Cayenne.
LESSER PIED BAKBET.
(Bucco melanoleucos. )
Bu. niger, fronte, gula, macula scapulari, striga pone oculos, ab-
domine, caudaque apice albis.
Black Barbet, with the forehead, throat, spot-on the scapulars,
streak behind the eyes, abdomen, and tip of the tail white.
Bucco melanoleucos. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 406.—Lat. Ind. Orn.
1. 203. 6, |
Barbu 4a poitrine noir de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl. 688. 2.
Lesser pied Barbet. Lath, Syn. 2. 490. 6.
Lenertu five inches. The beak rather large in
proportion, and bifid at the tip: as in the last, it
is adorned with two colours only, viz. black and
white, which are however differently disposed : the
upper parts are black; with a little mixture of
white on the forehead, and likewise a spot on the —
scapulars: behind the eye is a streak of white:
the throat and sides of the neck are white, the
front of the neck black: on the breast is a broad
band of black, which extends into the white on
the sides of the neck, like a crescent: from this to
the tail the under parts are white, except on the
sides beneath the wings, where there is a mixture
of black: the tail is black, tipped with white :, the
legs dusky. It is probably the young of B. ma-
crorhynchos. Found at Cayenne.
Dr. Latham mentions having seen a specimen,
which instead of a mixture on the forehead, had
only a small spot of white: and the white streak
SPOTTED-BELLIED BARBET. _ 37
behind the eye was extended downwards on each
side of the neck; and some of the outer tail-
feathers were white at the base; in other respects
it agreed with the above description.
SPOTTED-BELLIED BARBET. ~
_(Bucco Tamatia.)
Bu. rufo-fuscus, subtus rufo-albus nigro maculatus; gula fulva ;
collo lunula rufo nigroque varia; pone oculos macula nigra.
Reddish brown Barbet ; beneath of a reddish white spotted with
black ; throat fulvous ; neck with a lunulated collar composed
of black and rufous; behind the eyes a black spot.
Bucco Tamatia. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.405.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
202. 1. é
Barbu a ventre tacheté de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Eni. 716.1.
Spotted-bellied Barbet, Lath. Syn. 2. 494. 1.—Lath. Sup. 95.
LENGTH six inches and a half. The beak is fif-
teen lines long, the upper mandible black, in-
curved at the extremity, and, seemingly, divided
in two at the point; it is half covered with bristles,
which arise at the base, and point forwards: the
head is large in proportion to the rest of the body;
the crown and fore part of the head incline to
rufous: on the neck is a collar extending half
round, composed of a mixture of black and rufous :
behind the eyes on each side of the head, is a
black spot: the throat is orange, and the rest of
the plumage beneath rufous white, spotted with
black; that of the upper part of the body reddish
38 SPOTTED-BELLIED BARBET.
brown: the legs black: the collar on the neck
has sometimes a mixture of white in it, and an
obscure whitish line over the eyes is likewise
occasionally observed.
This bird is found at Cayenne oa Brasil, and
called by the French Agaubue de Terre. It is a
clumsy, ill-made bird, its manners corresponding
to its shape, being a solitary, pensive, silent
animal, retiring to those places that are most re-
mote from any habitations; being found chiefly
~ in woods, where it fixes upon some low branch
well covered with foliage; on this it perches for
a long time together, with its immense head lean-
ing on its shoulders, and, as it is very little dis-
posed to action, may easily be killed, as it will
suffer itself to be shot at repeatedly without at-
tempting to escape. Its principal food is insects,
especially Beetles; the flesh is not very good to
eat, although the natives occasionally use it for
food.
/
COLLARED
f
BARBET.
COLLARED BARBET.
*
(Bucco capensis. )
Bu. rufus, fascia humerali fulva, pectorali nigra; gula ventreque
albidis ; cauda trdnsversim nigro lineata.
Rufous Barbet, with a band on the shoulders fulvous, on the
breast, black; throat and belly whitish; tail transversely
striated with black. as
Bucco capensis, Lin. Syst, Nat. 1. 168.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1, 406. | .
Tamatia a collier. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7.97. 4.—Cwv. Tab.
Elem, 234. :
Barbu a collier, Buff: Pl, Enl.395. —
Collared Barbet. Lath. Syn. 2. 497.3. | r
LrenetH seven inches and a quarter: the beak
nearly an inch and a half in length, horn co-
loured: the upper part of the head, the nape,
and hind part of the neck rufous, striated with
five lines of black: the sides of the head plain
rufous: at the lower part of the neck near the
back, is a narrow fulvous band, which extends
forwards towards the neck, on each side; accom-
panied by a narrower one of black, which unites
to a broader one on the breast; beyond this, the
back, wings, and rump, are rufous, striated with
‘black: the throat and fore part of the neck are
dirty white: on the breast is a broad band of
black: from thence to the vent rufous white: the
belly sometimes yellowish: the tail rufous, two
inches and a quarter in length, crossed with nar-
40 GREAT BARBET.
row stripes of black: the six middle feathers are
equal in length: the three others on each side
gradually shorter to the outer one, which is the
shortest of all: legs and claws. ash-coloured.
Found at Guiana, but rarely. :
GREAT BARBET.
(Bucco grandis. )
Bu. viridis versicolor; remigibus nigro vuriegatis ; capite =_—
cyaneis ; crisso rufo.
Changeable green Barbet, with the é cillefeathend variegated
with black ; head and neck blue; vent red.
Bucco grandis. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 408.—Lath, Ind. Orn, 1.
204. 10. )
Grand Barbu de la Chine. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 106.
Grand Barbet. Lath, Syn. 2.503. 10. |
Lenetu eleven inches: the beak rather more
than an inch and three quarters in length, whitish,
with the tip black: the base covered with-strong
black bristles, and about one inch thick: for the
most part the plumage is of a fine green, which
differs in various parts of the body, as the head
and fore parts of the neck incline to blue, ac-
cording to the disposition of the lights, and the
hind part of the neck, with part of the back, are
of a chesnut brown: the greater quill-feathers
have a mixture of black: and the under tail-
coverts are of a fine red: the legs are dusky
yellow. : : :
WAX-BILLED BARBET. 4)
Dr. Latham has described a variety of this
species, which he suspects may be the female: it
is in length ten inches: beak reddish-brown and
stout, with six. or eight bristles at the base:
the nostrils are also hairy: round the eye bare,
and of a reddish colour: general colour of the
plumage dull green: the breast and belly pale
whitish-green: quills black: tail short, green:
legs of a pale yellow. Inhabits China and India,
in which latter place it goes by the name of
Honest face.
Wings armed with a spur at the shoulder.
WAX-BILLED BARBET.,
(Bucco calcaratus.)
Bu. niger, subtus cinereus; tectricibus alarum albo marginatis
flexura spinula alba,
Black Barbet, beneath cinereous, wing-coverts margined with
white, at the base of the wings a white spur.
Bucco cinereus. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.409.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
206. 18.
Corvus australis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 377.
Corvus affinis. Shaw. Zool. 7. 381.
Cuculus tranquillus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 417.
Coucou noir de Cayenne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois.6. 416.— Buff:
Pl. Enl. 512.
Cayenne Black Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 403. 40.
Red-billed Crow. Lath. Syn. 1. 403. 40.—Shaw. Zool. 7. 381,
Wax-billed Barbet. Lath. Syn. 2. 507. 17.—Lath. Sup. 96.
Lenety eleven inches and a half: beak one
inch and a half in length, compressed on the sides,
42 WAX-BILLED BARBET.
and curved the whole length, but most so at the
tip: the colour of the bill bright vermillion: nos-
trils covered with reflected bristles: head, neck,
and upper parts of the body dusky black: at the.
bend of the wing, just within, is a horn-coloured
spine, about one-eighth of an inch long, and blunt
at the end: lesser wing-coverts mixed with white
near the body: breast and belly cinereous: quills
and tail dark black, the latter rounded, and
composed of ten feathers: legs dusky. Inhabits
Cayenne.
This is a very solitary and sila bird, being
_ generally found perched on those trees that gTOW
near water in sequestered places. It was placed
by Dr. Latham, in his celebrated ornithological
work, under the various genera of Corvus*, Bucco,
and Cuculus, from not having seen perfect speci-
mens; but corrected in his supplement, having
ascertained its proper situation, by the examina-
tion of recent and perfect birds, before the publi-
cation of that part. Monsieur Vieillot, in his paper
to the Linnean Society, proposes it as a genus by
the name of Monadon.
* A short description of this bird occurs in vol. vil. p. 381
of this work, where it is named the Red-billed Crow, upon Dr.
Latham’s ik ek
43
POLOPHILUS. COUCAL.
Generic Character.
Rostrum robustum, subin- || Beak strong, slightly incurv-
curvatum. CO ots 3
Nares recte, elongate. Nostrils strait, elongate.
_ Pedes simplices; digitis du- || Feet simple; two toes point-
obus anticis, exteriore lon- ing forward, the exterior
giore: digitis duobus pos- of which is the longest;
ticis, interne breviore un- || twotoes turning backwards,
gue longissimo instructo. the interior toe furnished
with a very long claw.
‘Tue tail of the birds belonging to this genus
consists of ten feathers; the wings are short and
rounded; the feathers of the neck and upper
part of the body are generally stiff with shining
edges. They were first named Coucal by Le
Vaillant, who was well acquainted with the dif-
ference of character which distinguishes this
genus from the true Cuculz.
~The Coucals in general form a most beautiful
tribe of birds; they reside in woods, feed on in-
sects and fruits; they construct their nests in
trees, and (contrary to the manners of Cuckows,)
’ bring up their young, from whence their generic
name is derived.
44
RUFOUS COUCAL.
(Polophilus rufus. )
Po. corpore rufo; wngue postico interno elongato, recto.
Coucal with the body reddish ; and the interior hinder claw
long and strait.
Le Coucal rufin. Le Vail. Ois, d Afrig. 5.82. pl. 121,
Tuis very rare species of Coucal was discovered
by Le Vaillant, and is described by him in his
work on the birds of Africa.
The general colour of the plumage is rufous,
all the feathers of the superior parts of the body
having a dash or streak of light red or white: the -
wings are reddish, with the last feathers barred
with fuscous, as are those of the upper part of the |
tail, excepting that the colour is more dark on
the outer feathers: tail reddish: the two inter-
mediate feathers with transverse lines of brown:
the outer margins of the other quill-feathers line-
ated with the same colour: the beak and feet
brownish yellow: eyes light red.
The length of the male is about eleven inches 5 :
that of the female much less.
The recent bird smells strongly of putrid ae
from whence it is supposed to nidificate in dead _
trees. Inhabits Africa.
RUFOUS COUCAL.
| Male.
~
\
\ +h
i t
)
Te
2
4 ‘
¥ * teed
)
f ; 4
nt
'
,
‘
*
’ Thay
#
vy
‘
‘
iy i
,
ree
\ >
- x
e al Pee
=e
cag bs
x )
wars
4 uf
! *
‘
A ‘
a Fi
=e
/
aH
'
4 {
2 .
‘
,
\
U
iy +
.
iyo
GIGANTIC COUCAL.
(Polophilus Gigas.).
P. supra rubro-brunneus, pennis medio pallide rufescentibus, trans=
versim fusco-fasciatis ; remigibus rufo-fusco et rufo-flavo alter-
natim fasciatis; rectricibus rufo-cinerets fusco-fasciatis albido-
terminatis ; subtus rufus nigricante fasciatus.
Coucal, of a reddish-brown above, with the middle of the fea-
thers pale rufous, transversely barred with brown; quills al-
ternately barred with rufous-brown and rufous-yellow; tail-
feathers rufous-grey, barred with brown, and tipped with
white ; beneath rufous barred with blackish.
Le Coucal géant. Le Vail, Ois. d’ Afrig. 5. 86, pl. 223.°:
Tuts is the largest species of Concal known,
being no less than thirty inches in length; the
length of the interior hinder claw is two inches.
It inhabits Africa: the hinder part of the head
and neck, the wing-coverts, and the back are of
a brownish-red colour, bordering on olive: the
shaft of each feather is pale red, the feather itself
being banded with brownish-black. ‘The tail-
quills are reddish-ash colour, banded with brown-
ish-black, and terminated with whitish: the under
part of the body is reddish, banded with sooty-
black: the beak is brown: the feet and claws
blackish. Its economy is unknown.
46
LATHAMIAN COUCAL.
(Polophilus Lathami.)
Polophilus Lathami. Leach. Zool. Mis. 1. 127.56.
Lathamian Coucal. Leach. Zool. Mis. 1. 127.
F. capite, collo, gula, jugulo, pectore, abdomine femoribusque
nigris albido-sparsis ; dorso alisque rufescentibus, tectricibus
fascis” obscuris, remigibus maculis distinctis migris; cauda
nigra lineis transversis subinterruptis, albidis.
Coucal, with the head, neck, throat, breast, belly, and dhichs
black, sprinkled with whitish; back and wings reddish, wing-
coverts obscurely banded ; wing-quills distinctly spotted with
black ; tail black, with narrow, transverse, somewhat inter-
rupted, whitish bands. :
Tue only specimen of this species that has oc-
curred is preserved in the British Museum, and is
figured and described in the eongaes oe
lany. Its native place unknown. |
\
jpn ds
i
\ il i
yt
we
AWW \
wee
Ws
Ne
‘ ee
CN ‘an
te or
N aN ate
eX SOR
SY,
Pr
2th ZZ
TE eS
1 OSS ESR
SI,“ 1 :
Oe) eee
ILATHAMIAN COUCAL.
a r ‘Pe
eae Ras a
LO
YX
SS QO
Sx
NMR g
UNAS
MINS Ss
NT ETIANN
:
Ni
\ \
st
\
\
VARI
rd
VARIEGATED COUCAL.
(Polophilus variegatus. )
P. rufo, flavo. nigroque variegatus; dorso postice nigro; cauda
3 nigra supra transversim variegato fasciato.
Coucal variegated, with rufous, yellow, and black ; hinder part
‘of the back black ; tail black above, with transverse varie «
gated bands.
Polophilus variegatus, Leach, Zool. Mis. 1.116. 51.
Variegated Coucal.. Leach. Zool. Mis. 1. 117.
Or this beautiful species we have taken the
description given in the Zoological Miscellany
by Dr. Leach.° The native place is unknown,
but the specimen alluded to is preserved in the
British Museum, and is about eighteen inches
in length, ~ wile )
43
PHEASANT COUCAL.
(Polophilus Phasianus. )
P. rufo, flavo nigrogue variegatus: capite, collo, gula, jugulo,
pectore, dorso abdomineque nigris; cauda nigra ate papas
transversis albidis, interruptis, punctatis.
Coucal, variegated with yellow, black, and rufous: head, Weak,
throat, tiycact: back, and belly, black; tail black ApOYE, with
transverse interrupted punctated bands. 2
Cuculus Phasianus. Lath. Gen. Sup. II. 30. 4.
Pheasant Cuckow. Lath. Sup. IT. 137. 9.
Polophilus Phasianus. Leach. Zool. Misc. 1. Bo 46.
Tuts beautiful species is an ei itant of New
Holland, and is about seventeen inches in length:
the beak, head, neck, and all the under part of a
blackish colour: the whole of the back and wings
varied with_ rufous, yellow, brown, and black:
the tail is long, and barred with the same colour :
legs -dusky black: the toes, like the rest of the
genus, having the hind claws long. |
i is calleg in New Holland the Bhcgsss
Cuckow.
<
WSS
PHEASANT COUCAL.
——S
oO
SEES Z
Sa GEE
>
3
=
)
oS
=
=
&
=
eS
FP
=
#
es
=
49
WHITE-BELLIED COUCAL.
(Polophilus leucogaster.)
P. capite, collo, gula, jugulo pectoreque nigris, scapis albido nota-
tis, pennis nigro rufoque alternatim fasczatis ; ventre albido ;
dorso flavo, albido nigroque alternatim fasciato ; Semoribus
luteis ; cauda nigra transversim albido lineata.
Coucal, with the head, neck, throat, and breast black, the
shafts spotted with whitish, the feathers alternately banded
with black and rufous; belly “whitish; back yellow, alter-
nately banded with black and white; thighs luteous; tail
black; with transverse white lines.
~ Polophilus leucogaster. Leach. Zool, Mis. 1. 117. 52.
White-bellied Coucal. Leach. Zool. Mis. 1. 117.
Inuasits New Holland, and is of the same size
as P. variegatus, which it very much resembles.
; »
Ze :
oe SENT
aw ‘
f ‘
Ve-Uks PB. I. 4,
50
BENGAL COUCAL.
(Polophilus Bengalensis.)
P, cauda cunetformi, corpore ferrugineo albo nigroque longitud:-
naliter striato, abdomine Suscor -flavescente, remigibus rectrict-
busque lateralibus rufis nigro fasciatis.
Coucal with a wedge-shaped tail, ferruginous body longitudi-
nally striated with black and white, abdomen of a yellowish
brown, quills and lateral tail-feathers rufous fasciated with
black.
Cuculus Bengalensis Cae Se sh Nat. 1.412 —Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 214. ‘
tiie sce Cacho Lath. Syn, 2. 525. 19.
Brak duel head, neck, we and wing-co-
verts, ferruginous, marked with short white lines,
bounded by black, and pointing downwards: ab-
domen yellowish brown : first and second primary
quills plain reddish brown; the others barred with
black : tail wedge-shaped, aid very long ; exterior
feathers dusky, with brown tips; the rest marked
with black bars, mixed with narrow brown ones :
legs black. Is found in ais di
5]
CHINESE COUCAL.
(Polophilus sinensis.)
P. splendide niger ; alis rufis nigro fasciatis ; abdomine, femoribus
- rectricibusque nigricantibus albo fasciatis.
Brilliant black Coucal; wings rufous barred with black ; abdo-
men, thighs, and tail-coverts dusky barred with white.
Cuculus Aegyptius, 6. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 213. 17.
Egyptian Cuckow. Lath. Syn, 2, 523.16.6.—Lath. Sup, 100.
16. B.
Tuts species of Coucal, which is described by
Dr. Latham, is about nineteen inches and a half:
in length: beak one inch and a half long, strong,
curved and black; nostrils nearly covered with
short feathers : heed and neck dusky brown; the
fore part, as far as the breast, marked down the
shafts with indistinct pale spots and bars; hind
part plain: wing-coverts deep rufous, obscurely
barred with dusky: quills with about twenty al-
ternate bars of rufous and dusky: tail ten inches
long, wedge-shaped, the exterior feathers only half
the length of the middle ones, and black barred
with oblique dusky white lines: belly, thighs,
upper and under tail-coverts, dusky, striated with
numerous white lines: legs short; the claw on
the inner hind toe straight and about one inch in
length. Said to inhabit China.
52
TOLOU COUCAL.
(Polophilus Tolu.)
P. cauda cuneiformi, corpore virescente-atro, alis castaneis, capite
collo dorsoque antice nigricantibus rufo striatis.
Coucal with a dark green body; chesnut wings ; head, neck, and
anterior part of the back blackish with rufous striz; tail
wedge-shaped. . i
Cuculus Tolu. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 422,.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
213. 18. .
Cuculus madagascariensis. Bris, 4. 138. 16. 13. 2.
Coucou de Madagascar. Buff, Hist, Nat. Ois, 6. 369. 17.—
Buff. Pl. Enl, 295. 1.
Long-heeled Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 524. 17.
Le Coucal noiron. Le Vaill. Ois.d’ Afr. 5, 220.
Larcer than a Blackbird: length fourteen
inches and a quarter: beak brown, an inch and a
quarter in length: head, throat, hind part of the
neck, and upper part of the back, covered with
long, narrow stiff feathers, of a blackish colour,
with a reddish white stripe down the shaft; those
on the throat, fore part of the neck, and breast,
the same, but have only a longitudinal stripe on
each side: lower part of’ the breast dirty white ;
lower part of the back, belly, sides, rump, thighs,
and tail-coverts greenish black: scapulars and
wing-coverts chesnut, shafts of each purplish ;
quill-feathers chesnut, with brown tips ; tail above
eight inches long; blackish green above, and
black beneath, wedge-shaped; legs and claws
black: the claw of the inner toe above three
quarters of an inch long. Found at Madagascar,
where it is called Tolow.
ee
es)
SENEGAL COUCAL,
(Polophilus senegalensis. )
P. cauda cuneiformi, corpore griseo subtus albo, pileo rectricibusque
nigricantibus.
Coucal with a tad need tail; body beneath of a greyish
white; upper part of the head, neck, and tail- feathers
blackish.
Cuculus senegalensis, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 169. 6.—Gmel. Syst.
Nai.1,412.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 213. 19.
Coucou de Senegal. Buff. Pl. Enl. 332.
Rufalbin. Buff. 6. 370.
Strait-heeled Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 525. 18.
Tus bird is about fifteen inches in length: beak
black, fifteen lines long: upper part of the head
and neck covered with black feathers that are
darkest in the middle: prevailing colour above of
a rufous brown, beneath dirty white: cheeks,
throat, fore part and sides of the neck, dirty white,
with the shafts brightest : under parts of the breast
dirty white, with obscure transverse stria: rump
and upper tail-coverts brown, with deep brown
transverse striz: under tail-coverts dirty white,
the striz rather obscure: quills rufous, with
brownish tips: tail eight inches long, wedge-
shaped, and black: legs and claws greyish brown.
This species inhabits Senegal, and is rather
larger than Cuculus canorus.
EGYPTIAN COUCAL.
(Polophilus Aigyptius.)
P. cauda cuneiformi, corpore viridi-fusco, subtus rufo-albo, capite
cervice caudaque viridi-chalybeis, alis rufis.
Coucal with a wedge-shaped tail ; body dull green, beneath red-
dish white ; head, back of the neck and tail of a beautiful
green; wings red.
Cuculus gyptius. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.420.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 213. 17.
Houhou d’Egypt. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 6, 367.
Coucou des Philippines, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 3690.—Buff.
Pl, Enl, 824.
Egyptian Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2.5225 10s
Beax black, an inch and a quarter in length:
irides bright red: head and hind part of the neck
dull green, with a beautiful gloss, resembling po-
lished steel: upper wing-coverts rufous, inclining
to green: quills fais terminated with shining
green, except the three last, which are entirely of
the latter colour, and the two or three preceding
them, which are of a mixed colour: back brown,
with a green tinge: rump and upper tail-coverts,
brown: tail eight inches long, and wedge-shaped,
of a beautiful shining green: throat, and under
parts of the body, rufous white, palest on the belly :
legs blackish ; inner hind claw very long.
Buffon mentions a variety which differs merely
in having the wings rufous : it may possibly be the
male.
Common in the Delta in Egypt, where it is
ad
GREEN COUCAL. | ORS)
called by the Arabs, Houhou, from repeating that
word several times together ; its principal food is
locusts. The male and female are always toge-
ther, but it is very rare that more than two are
seen at one time; they mostly frequent low bushes
near running water, being seldom seen on large
trees, or on the ground.
LTTE STL
GREEN COUCAL.
(Polophilus viridis. )
P. viridi-nigricans, alis rubro fuscis, cauda nigra, ungue postice
interiore recto subulato.
Blackish green Coucal, with reddish brown wings, tail black,
hinder interior claw awl-shaped and straight.
Cuculus Aigyptius. y. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 213. 17.
Agyptian Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 523. 16. 6.
Coucou vert d’Antigue. Son. Voy. 121. 80.
Or this species, which is described by Sonnerat,
the head, neck, breast, and belly are of a very dull
green: wings of a deep red brown: the feathers
in general hard and stiff; the webs loose, and each
of the beards furnished with shorter ones: irides
black: eyelids furnished with hairs like eyelashes:
legs black; the inner hind claw more slender than
the rest, very long and straight: tail long and
black: beak likewise black: this species is very
like P. Agyptius, but it is a native of Antigua.
Qn
QD
BLUE COUCAL.
(Polophilus cceruleus.),
P. coeruleo-viridis violaceogue versicolor; rostro re atris ;
ungue interiore postico breviore.
Coucal of blue green colour changing to ets beak and legs
black: interior hinder claw shorter than is usual in this
genus, ae :
Le Coua tait-sou. Le Vail. Ois. d? Afrig. 5. 69. pl. 218.
Le tait-sou. Buff. Hist. Nat. d’Ois. 6. 391. 18.
Cuculus ceeruleus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 171. 15.—Gmel, Syst.
Nat. ¥. 418.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 217. 33.
Cuculus madagascariensis ceeruleus. Briss, 4. 156. 26. 13. 1,
Blue cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 531. 29. .
Coucou bleu de Madagascar. Buff. Pl. Enl. 295. 2
Tuts Coucal differs from all the other species in
having its hinder inner claw comparatively short.
Its length is about fourteen inches; the whole
plumage is of a beautiful blue green, changing in
certain lights to violet ; legs and claws black ; eyes
reddish.
The female is somewhat smaller than the male,
and the colours are less vivid.
This bird inhabits the forests of Caffraria and
Madagascar, perching on the tops of large trees,
and uttering the note courrrrrrr-courrrrrr often
tepeated. It feeds principally on fruit.
&
BLACK COUCAL.
ale.
oF
BLACK COUCAL.
(Polophilus Maurus. )
P. corpore toto atro-nigro (femine ventre nigro) ; ungue postico
interno longissimo Aeanin so.
Coucal with the whole body black (belly of the female sooty
black) ; interior hinder claw very long and flexuous.
Le Coucal Negre. Le Vail. Ois. Afrig. 5. 84. tab. 222.
LE VAILLANT discovered this very curious spe-
cies of Coucal in Caffraria; it frequents deep fo-
rests, and perches on the lower branches of trees,
often repeating in a plaintive tone the word cooo-
ro. ‘The sexes are generally found together.
The length of the male is about eleven inches,
‘that of the female somewhat less. The eyes are
deep chesnut.
The food of this species is supposed to consist
principally of insects, as Le Vaillant found frag-
ments of thosé animals in the stomach.
The black Coucal builds its nest in hollow trees ;
the female lays four eggs of a chalky: white, on
which the male and female sit alternately. |
This bird inhabits. Caffraria.
58
PHAENICOPH AUS. MALKOBA.
Generic Character.
Rostrum valde robustum, Beak very strong, and slightly
subincurvatum. ]| incurved. _ :
Pedes simplices: digitis duo- || Feet simple ; two toes point-
bus anticis, duobus posticis, | ing forwards, and two back-
externo longiore. wards, the outward toe
longest. :
Caput circa oculos denuda- | Head naked round the eyes,
tum, papillatum. | and warted. |
"Tus genus is readily distinguished from Cu-
culus by the naked and papillated space that sur-
rounds the eyes, and from Polophilus by the
structure of the hinder toes.
The head is somewhat square and very thick ;
the wings rather short, and the tail remarkably
long.
RED-HEADED MALKOHA.
(Phenicopheus Piaevecetalte)
P. cauda cuneiformi longissima, corpore Nigro ; pectore abdomi-
neque albis, pileo, genisque coccinets.
Malkoha with a very long wedge-shaped tail, black body, breast
and abdomen white, top of the head and cheeks crimson.
Cuculus pyrrhocephalus. Gmed. Syst. Nat. 1. 417.—Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 222. 47. |
Red-headed Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 544. 44.
Tue red-headed Malkoha is sixteen inches long :
beak of a greenish yellow, strong and arched:
crown and part of the cheeks bright crimson, sur-
rounded by a band of white: hind part of the
head and neck: black, marked with small white
spots: fore part of the neck entirely black: back
and wings black: tail very long, unequal, the
lower part black; ends white: breast and belly
white: legs pale blue.
This species lives on fruits, and is found at Cey-
lon, where it is called Malkoha.
60
WHITE-BELLIED MALKOHA.
(Phenicophzus leucogaster. )
‘P. viridi-niger; ventre rectricibusque margine albis; gula jugu-
logue opaco-viridibus ; capite circa oculos aurantio.
Malkoha of a greenish black colour; with the belly and tail-
feathers margined with white ; throat and Jognlum dull green ;
head round the eyes orange.
Le Malkoha. Le Vail. Ois. d’ Afrig. 5. 90. pl. 224.
Matrxoua leucogaster iahabnes Africa ; its length
is about nine inches; the upper parts are greenish
black, but the green becomes gradually more bril-
liant on the back, and spreads over the coverts of
the wings and tail: the wing quills are black, bor-
dered with black green, and are sometimes whitish
in their interior edges: the feathers of the neck
and throat are of an uniform dull green colour ;
the under part of the tail, with the feathanat the
tibize, are dirty white; and the naked space sur-
rounding the eyes is orange-coloured. q
Magnificent specimens of this bird are said to
be preserved in the collections in Paris and Am.
sterdam. |
Hi THO MU
>
ae
G ky
2
TRICOLOURED MALKOHA.
61
TRICOLOURED MALKOHA.
(Phzenicophzus tricolor.)
P. obscuro-viridis, nitens; capite cinerascente; jugulo, pectore,
ventre caudaque subtus castaneis.
Malkoha shining obscure green ; head cinereous ; throat, breast,
belly, and under parts of the tail chesnut.
Le Malkoha rouverdin. Le Vail. Ois. d’ Afriq. 5. 92. pl. 225.
We have introduced this species of Malkoha on
the authority of Monsieur Le Vaillant, who de-
scribed and figured it from the cabinet of M. Tem-
minck of Amsterdam. It is’a native of Africa,
and may be sufficiently distinguished by the spe-
cific character from the two other species. The
colour of the naked part surrounding the eyes is
eg red.
OPETHUS. TOURACO.
Generic Character. —
Rostrum, breve, supra con- || Beak short, convex above,
vexum,, paulo arcuatum, rather bent, compressed’
lateratim compressum, a/|| laterally, and denticulated
medio ad apicem denticu- from the middle to the
latum. fips.
Nares plumulis sericeis tec- || Nostrils covered with short
Cea silky feathers.
Pedes simplices, digitis duo- || Feet simple, with two toes
bus anticis, duobus posticis. || © before, and two behind.
Tuere is but one species of this genus known,
which is a native of Africa, and one of the most
beautiful of the birds that are found in that quar-
ter of the globe. It feeds on fruits, is easily
tamed; and is said to be capable of turning its
exterior hinder toe either backwards or for-
wards. ,
OOK ag
SF,
rs
el
ph
i
GA
=
4
SW
NG
Pcs
says
|
|
AFRICAN TOURACO. 4
63
AFRICAN TOURACO.
(Opzthus Africanus. )
Op. capite cristato, corpore viridi-cerulescente, remigibus san-
guineis.
Touraco with a crested head, a greenish-blue body, and red
_ quill-feathers.
Cuculus Perra. Lin. Syst, Nat. 1. 171. 17.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1.419.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 222. 40.
Cuculus guineensis cristatus viridis. Briss. 4, 152. 24.
Le Touraco de Guinée. Buff. Pl. Enl. 601. Buff. Hist, Nat.
Ois. 6.300. 15. ie
Touraco. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2.545. 46.
Tue Touraco is thus described: beak shortish;
the upper mandible bent; colour reddish-brown ;
nostrils covered with ‘short recumbent feathers :
irides hazel-brown: eyelids surrounded with red
caruncles: eye itself of a fiery colour: the head,
throat, neck, upper part of the back, breast, part
of the belly and the sides are covered with soft
silky feathers of a fine deep green : the upper lesser
wing-coverts the same: the feathers on the crown
lengthened into a crest, which the bird can erect
at pleasure; the tip of this crest is whitish: on
each side of the head is a black stripe, broadest
in the middle, arising at the corners of the mouth,
and passing through the eyes to the back of the.
head; above and beneath this is a narrow line ©
of white: the lower part of the back, rump,
upper tail-coverts, scapulars, and greater wing-
coverts are blueish-purple: lower part of the belly,
sides, thighs, and under tail-coverts, blackish:
64, AFRICAN TOURACO.
greater quills crimson, with the outer edge and
tip margined with black: tail blueish purple
legs and claws cinereous.
This bird is subject to very great variety, so
much so, that Buffon imagined there were three
species confounded with it, but the characters |
which he has given are not sufficient to warrant
their being considered distinct ; from whence we
are only inclined to notice them as varieties. One
of them is said by him to be a native of Abyssinia,
and to have a blackish crest, which hangs behind
like a lock ; with a brownish tinge on the lower
part of its back and tail: another has an upright
crest of bright green, with occasionally a mixture
of white in it, and margined with white; is found
at the Cape of Good Hope: the third ‘acumen 1s
merely the young bird. :
This latter variety Buffon had in his possession |
alive for some time, and he was assured that its
food was rice, but upon trial it would not touch
a grain; and in consequence of not having any
_thing else offered it, it was on the point of dying,
as it had nothing for two or three days but a little
sugar and water that was in the cage; but one
day seeing some raisins brought upon the table, it
shewed a very strong disposition to eat, and some
‘corn was given to it, which it swallowed greedily ;
it was equally eager for apples, but would scarcely
touch oranges; from the above statements it
would appear that fruits are its natural food, and —
the bird has been kept for many months upon that
food.
AFRICAN TOURACO. ; 65
The progressive motion of this bird is not by
walking but hopping; it is very lively, and is
always in motion, making continually a low and
hoarse cry similar to the words crahu, crahu: but
from time to time it sends out another sharp and
strong cry, C0, C0, Co, Co, CO, co, the first accents of
which are grave, the others repeated quick and
with a loud piercing voice: which latter cry it
makes gently to itself when hungry, but very loud
when excited, animated, or followed.
Le Vaillant observes, that there are great num-
bers of Touracos in the country of Kottniquas,
which are very difficult to shoot, perching only at
the extremities of the highest branches of trees,
out of gunshot, and rarely suffering any one to
come near enough: but are easily caught alive by
snares baited with such fruits as are in season; he
likewise says they are very fine for eating.
ry
Vv. EX. P. Ie
CUCULUS. CUCKOW.
~ Generic Character.
Aosirum teretiusculum, gra- || Beak straight, slender , slightly
cile, subincurvatum. incurved.
Nares prominulz., Nostrils prominent, margined.
Pedes simplices*, digitis du- || Feet simple, with two toes
obus anticis, duobus pos- before and two behind, the
ticis, externo longiore ; u7- external toes longest: nazés
gues equales, equal.
Cuckxow S, or Cuckoos, feed on larva or ca-
terpillars as well as perfect insects. They are re-
markable for neglecting their young, the female
always depositing her eggs singly in the nests of
smaller birds. As soon as the Cuckow is hatched,
it begins to throw the other young birds from the
nest, which it accomplishes by gently elevating
them one by one to the brink of the nest, and ~
jerking them over. ‘The foster parents continue
to feed the young Cuckow for some time after it
leaves the nest, notwithstanding which it never
* The feet have generally been considered as scansorious, or
formed for climbing ; but, as Dr. Leach observes, the term has
been misapplied to this kind of feet, which can be considered merely
as simple feet, having two toes before and two behind. The Par-
rot genus (Psittacus ) affords a good example of true scansorious
Jeet, (pedes scansorit). |
CUCKOW. 67
acquires their notes; whereas, all those birds who
possess the faculty of mimickry, or of learning
tunes, if hatched under another species. of bird,
invariably gain their peculiar song, although it is
generally combined with their natural notes, af-
fording an admirable example in proof of the ex-
istence of innate propensities.
68
COMMON CUCKOW.
(Cuculus canorus. )
C. capite, gula, collo, juguto cinereis ; pectore ventreque albidus
JSusco transversim striatis; dorso, alisque nigricantibus; rec-
tricibus nigricantibus externe, intermediisque medio albido-
maculatis. a ie
Cuckow, with the head, throat, neck, and jugulum cinereous ;
breast and belly whitish, transversely striated with fuscous;
back and wings blackish; tail-feathers blackish, externally
spotted with whitish, the intermediate quills, with their mid-
dle spotted with the same colour.
Cuculus canorus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 168. fete Suec. 96.—
Ginel. Syst. Nat. 1. 409.—Lath. Ind. Om. 1. 207. 1.—Briss.
4,105. 1.—Raii. Syn. 23.—Will. 6. 10. 27.—Ger. Orn. 1.
80. 67. 69.—Jenner in Phil. Trans. 78. 219.—Shaw’s Zool.
Lect. 1. €0. le
Le Coucou vulgaire d’Europe. Ss Vall, Ois. pit 5. 26.
202. male. 203. young.
Coucou. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. oi pg Pi. Enl. 811.
Common Cuckow. Pen. Br. Zool. 1. 82. 36.—Arct. Zool. 2.
266. A.— Ald. 1. 8.— Lewis Br. os 2, 42.—JId. ¢t. 8. fi 1.
(Ovum).—Lath. Syn. 2. 509. f—Lath. Sup. 98.—Don. Br.
2. 41.—Pult. Cat. Dorset. 5.—Lath. Syn. Sup. Hl. 133.—
Bewick, Br. Birds, 1. 108.
Beax black, two-thirds of an inch long, and a
little bent: yellowish at the base of the under
mandible: inside of the mouth red: irides yel-
low: head and whole upper part of the bird dark
ash-colour, darkest on the head: throat, under
side of the neck, and upper part of the breast, pale
ash, the latter in some inclining to rufous-brown:
lower part of the breast and belly white, marked
IG
Gi
KUROPEAN CUCKOW.
COMMON CUCKOW. — 69
with transverse undulated black lines: vent buff,
marked with a few dusky spots: wings very long,
reaching within an inch and a half of the end of
the tail: quill-feathers dusky, the inner webs bar-
red with oval white spots: tail wedge-shaped,
consisting of ten feathers of unequal length, the
two middle ones black, dashed with ash colour,
and tipped with white ; the rest are black, marked
with white spots on each side the shaft: legs
short and yellow. |
Female rather less, differing in the neck and
breast, being of a tawnyish-brown, barred with
dusky : wing-coverts marked with light ferruginous
spots; markings on the tail and quills like the
male, excepting that the edges of the spots incline
to reddish-brown.
‘The young Cuckow differs very much from the
adult ; we shall take the liberty of extracting the
description from Montagu’s Supplement to his
Ornithological Dictionary: “ Irides greyish: the
whole upper part of the plumage is a mixture of
dusky-black and ferruginous, in transverse bars,
except the forehead, and a patch on the back of
the head, which is white; and the tips of the
scapulars are pale: the feathers of the whole under
parts are sullied white, with distant sullied bars of
dusky-black; in general each feather possesses two
or three bars: the sides of the neck and breast
tinged with rufous: the lateral feathers of the
tail, and inner webs of the quills, more or less
barred with white: the coverts of the tail are un-
usually long, dashed with cinereous, and slightly
tipped with white.” ae
70 COMMON CUCKOW.
‘Tenet fourteen inches : weight about five
ounces. :
Le Coucou roux of Brisson is merely a variety
of the young bird, having the upper parts varied.
with rufous, where the other is white.
This bird appears in our country early in the
spring, and makes the shortest stay with us of any
bird of passage ; generally appearing in April,
(although it is sometimes seen the latter end of
March), and remaining till the beginning of July.
Mr. Pennant * gives two instances of its being
heard in February; one in 1769 on the fourth of
that month; the other in 1771 in the latter end
of the same; but were heard no more afterwards,
being probably killed or rendered torpid by the
cold. The Cuckow is silent for some time after
his arrival; and his pleasant, though uniform
note, is a call to love, and used only by the male,
who generally sits perched on some dead bough of
a tree, repeating his song, which he loses as soon
as the breeding season is over, which is about the
end of June.
The note of the Cuckow is in all ome
used in a reproachful sense. Shakspeare says it is:
as a note of fear,
Unpleasing to the married ear +.”
And again,
‘« The plain song Cuckoo grey,
Whose note full many a man doth mark,
And dares not answer nay {.”
* Brit, Zool. 1. p. 233. + Love’s Labour’s lost.
+ Midsummer Night’s Dream,
COMMON CUCKOW. 71
Dr. Latham mentions having twice heard the
Cuckow call in the night; the same circumstance
happened again to him on the 10th May, 1783,
between eleven and twelve at night, but he ob-
served it was bright moonlight each time.
On the natural history of this singular bird, we
have a very curious paper in the Philosophical
Transactions for 1788, part 2, article 14, by Dr.
Jenner. ‘* The first appearance of Cuckows in this
country is about the 17th of April. The song of
the male, which is well known, soon proclaims its
arrival. The song of the female (if the peculiar
notes of which it is composed may be so called) is
widely different, and has been so little attended
to, that, perhaps, few are acquainted with it: the
cry of the Dab-chick bears some resemblance to
it. Unlike the generality of birds, Cuckows do
not pair. When a female appears on the wing,
she is often attended by two or three males, who
seem to be earnestly contending for her favours.
From the time of her appearance till the middle
of summer, the nests of the birds selected to re-
ceive her eggs are to be found in great abundance;
but, like the other migrating birds, she does not
begin to lay till some weeks after her arrival.
“It is on all hands.allowed that the Cuckow
does not hatch her own eggs; for which different
reasons have been given, as will be afterwards
noticed. The Hedge-sparrow, the Water-wagtail,
the Titlark, the Redbreast, the Yellow-hammer,
the Green-linnet, or the Whinchat, is generally
72 COMMON CUCKOW.
the nurse of the young Cuckow*. It may be
supposed that the female Cuckow lays her eggs
in the absence of the bird in whose nest she in-
tends to deposit it: as it has been known that on
sight of one of these, a Redbreast and its mate
jointly attacked her on approaching the nest,
putting her to flight; and so effectually drove her
away, that she did not dare to return. Among
the birds above-mentioned, it generally selects the
three first, but shews a much greater partiality to
the Hedge-sparrow. This last commonly takes
up four or five days in laying her eggs. During
this time (generally after she has laid one or two)
the Cuckow contrives to deposit her egg among
the rest, leaving the future care of it entirely to
the Hedge-sparrow. This intrusion often occa-.
sions some discomposure, for the, old Hedge-spar-
row, whilst she is sitting, not unfrequently throws
out some of her own eggs, and sometimes injures
them in such a way that they become addle; so
that it more frequently happens that only two or
three Hedge-sparrows eggs are hatched with the
Cuckow’s than otherwise. But whether this be
the case or not, she sits the same length of time
as if no foreign egg had been introduced, the
Cuckow’s ess requiring no longer incubation
than her own.’
“¢ When the Hedge-sparrow has sat hott usual
time, and disengaged the young Cuckow, and
* Buffon enumerates at least twenty sorts of nests in which
they have been known to deposit their eggs.
COMMON CUCKOW. vo
some of her own offspring from the shell, her
own young ones, and such of her eggs that remain
unhatched, are soon turned out, the young
Cuckow remaining possessor of the nest, and sole
object of her future care. The young birds are
not previously killed, nor are the eggs demolished,
but all are left to perish together, either entan-
gled about the bush which contains the nest, or
lying on the ground under it.’
« The early fate of the young Hedge-sparrows
is a circumstance that has been noticed by others,
but attributed to wrong causes.
SS
YD,
105
RUFOUS-SPOTTED CUCKOW.
(Cuculus punctatus.)
C. cauda cuneiformi ; corpore nigricante rufo punctato ; subtus rufo
strigis nigris; rectricibus rufo fasciatis,
Cuckow, with a wedge-shaped tail, a blackish body spotted witlt
rufous, beneath rufous with black striz ; tail-feathers banded
with rufous.
Cuculus punctatus, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.170. 8.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1, 413.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 210. 8.
Cuculus indicus nevius. Briss, 4. 134. 14.¢.10.f. 2.
Coucou brun picqueté de roux. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 6.377.
Coucou tacheté des Indes or. Buff: Pl. Enl. 771.
Rufous-spotted Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 517. 8.
Tuis bird is sixteen inches and a half in length:
beak horn-coloured; from the base of it to the ear,
passing under the eyes, is a rufous band: upper
part of the body brown spotted with rufous; be-
neath rufous, marked transversely with blackish-
brown siriz ; those on the belly least numerous :
tail wedge-shaped, eight inches and a quarter long,
transversely striped with arched. rufous bands on
each side the shafts; all the ends of the feathers
rufous: legs grey-brown: claws blackish.
The female differs from the male in having the
rufous spots on the upper part less numerous, and
the under parts much paler.
Inhabits the East Indies and the Philippine
Islands.
106
PANAYAN SPOTTED CUCKOW.
(Cuculus panayus. )
C. cauda integra; corpore fusco rufo-flavo maculato; subtus cau-
daque rufo-nigro fasciata ; gula nigra maculis flavis.
Cuckow, with an entire tail; body fuscous spotted with rufous
yellow, beneath and the a banded with pleas black; throat
black with yellow spots.
Cuculus panayus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 413.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
210. 9.
Coucou tacheté de l’isle de Panay. Son. Voy. 120. 78.
Panayan spotted Cuckow, Lath, Syn. 2.517. 9.
Tuts species, which is very like C. punctatus,
may be easily distinguished by the two following
observations, which are, first, it has not the rufous
mark under the eyes, and secondly, it has not the
wedge-shaped tail of that bird ; in other respects it
is not unlike: however, we shall subjoin the fol-
lowing description. It is about two-thirds larger
than the European Cuckow: beak black: irides
yellow: upper parts of the body dark brown spot-
_ted with rufous yellow; which spots are oblong on
the head, and round on the neck, back, and wing-
‘coverts; but on the quills they are transverse and
- yellowish, intermixed with black dots: throat —
black, spotted like the back: breast and belly pale
Ae, transversely striped with black: the tail
long, rufous yellow, crossed with transverse black
bars, and even at the end: legs lead-colour.
Found at the isle of Panay.
107
YELLOW-BELLIED CUCKOW.
(Cuculus flavus.)
C. cauda cuneiform: ; corpore pallide fusco subtus rufo-flavescente;
pileo gulaque cinereis ; rectricibus nigris albo fasciatis.
Cuckow, with the body beneath pale fuscous with a reddish-
yellow tinge; upper part of the head and throat ash-colour;
_ tail wedge-shaped and black, with white fascia.
Cuculus flavus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 421,—Lath. Ind, Orn, 1.
215.20,
Le petit Coucou a téte grise et ventre jaune. Buff. Hist, Nat.
O1s. 6. 382. 15.
Le Coucou petit de Visle de Panay. Buff. Pl. Enl. 814.
Yellow-bellied Cuckow. Lath, Syn. 2. 527. 22.
Ratner longer than a Blackbird: beak pale
yellow, black at the point: irides yellow: upper
part of the head and throat light grey: hind part
of the neck, the back, and wings of a light brown
colour: belly, thighs, and under tail-coverts pale
yellow, with a rufous tinge: tail wedge-shaped,
more than half the length of the bird, black, and
barred with white: legs pale yellow.
This likewise inhabits the isle of Panay.
108
NOISY CUCKOW.
(Cuculus clamosus.)
C. ce@ruleo-niger; remigibus fuscis ; cauda apice alba.
Cuckow, entirely of a blue-black; with the quills fuscous, and
tail white at the point.
Cuculus clamosus. Lath. Gen. Sup. II. 30. 2.
Cuculus criard. Le Vaill. Voy. 2.6.
Noisy Cuckow. Lath. Sup. IT. 136. 7.
Le Coucou criard, Le Vaill. Ois. d’Ois. 5.28. 204. mas. 205.
fem,
Accorpine to Le Vaillant, the note of this bird
is extremely loud, and consists of various very dis-
tinct sounds, which it passes whole hours in re-
peating, by which the sportsman is led to the place
where it is found, which is generally in woods: it
is an inhabitant of the country of Gonaquois, in-
wards from the Cape of Good Hope, and is known
among the Europeans by the name of Criard, in
consequence of its being a very noisy species, and
heard at a very great distance: it is entirely of a
~ blueish-black colour, with a black beak; chesnut
eyes; fuscous wing-quills, and yellowish feet:. fe-
male the same, but brownish beneath.
109
LAUGHING CUCKOW.
(Cuculus rubicundus.)
C _fulous subtus niger; collo subtus pectoreque cinereéls ; rectrici=
bus fulvo-nigricantibus.
Fulvous Cuckow, black beneath; under part of the neck and
the breast cinereous ; tail-feathers blackish-brown.
Cuculus rubicundus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 414.—Lath. Ind.
— Orn, 1, 220. 41.
Cuculus Mexicanus, Bris. 4. 119. 6.
Laughing Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 539.
Beak blueish-black : head and upper parts are
fulvous: irides white: throat, fore-part of the
neck: and breast cinereous: belly, sides, thighs,
and. under tail-coverts, black: tail of a blackish
fulvous colour, and half the length of the bird,
which is sixteen inches.
Inhabits Mexico; and from its cry being some-
thing similar to that of human laughter, it is much
dreaded by the Indians, as foreboding some mis-
chief or other,
110
BLUE-HEADED CUCKOW.
(Cuculus cyanocephalus.)
C. maculatus supra fuscus subtus albus ; capite colloque supra ni-
gro-cyaneis; gula rufa,
Cuckow, above brown, beneath white spotted ; head and neck
above of a black- Blas throat rufous.
Cuculus cyanocephalus. Lath. Gen. Sup. II. 30. 3.
Blue-headed Cuckow. Lath. Sup. II. 137.8.
Turis bird, which is a native of New Holland, is
about nine inches in length: beak of a pale blue
colour, and rather: bent: upper part of the head,
with the eyes, and sides and back of the neck, dark
blue inclining to black; the rest of the upper parts
pale brown, with white dots on the back, and nar-
row bars of the same across the wings and tail:
under parts entirely white, with narrow dusky
lines running in a transverse direction: throat and
fore-part of the neck orange: tail long, and nearly
even at the end: legs blueish. :
111
SONNERAT’S CUCKOW.
(Cuculus Sonneratii.)
C. nigro fasciatus; supra rufo-fuscus subtus albus ; rectricibus
nigro maculatis.
Cuckow, above of a reddish-brown; beneath hile: with black -
.fasciz: tail-feathers with black spots.
Cuculus Sonneratii. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 215. 24.
Le petit Coucou des Indes. Son. Voy. Ind. 2. 211.
Sonnerat’s Cuckow. Lath. Syn. Sup. 102. 48.
Tuis bird is about the size of a Blackbird, and
is thus described by Sonnerat: beak and irides
yellow: head, hind-part of the neck, back, and
wings red-brown, barred with black streaks: fore-
part of the neck, breast, and belly white, with
black bars: tail brown, irregularly spotted with
black on each side: legs yellow. Is found in
India. — |
112
TIPPET CUCKOW: —
(Cuculus palliolatus. )
C. corpore virescente subtus albo; lateribus colli tenia obliqua
nigra.
Cuckow, with a greenish body; white CERES sides of the
neck with an oblique black band.
Cuculus palliolatus. Lath. Gen. Sup. II. 30. 5.
Tippet Cuckow. Lath. ake ff ,.138.;405
Turis bird, which is rare, is about twelve ae
in length: irides orange: beak brown, and bent
a little at the tip: body above dull green; beneath
white: crown, and as far as the eyes on each side
black ; which colour reaches forward on the sides
of the neck, and almost meets in the middle, hav-
ing the appearance of a tippet: sides of the wings
yellowish: thighs with a few rusty spots: quills
black: tail very short, the outer margin of the
feathers with white spots: legs blueish-white,
dotted with black. Inhabits New Holland.
113
BRASILIAN CRESTED CUCKOW.
\ (Cuculus Guira.) |
C, albo-flavescens cristatus, capite collo tectricibusque alarum fusce
Jlavescenteque variis, rectricibus fuscis- apice albis.
Crested Cuckow, of a whitish yellow colour; head, neck, and
wing-coverts varied with brown and yellowish; tail-feathers
brown, with white tips. .
Cuculus Guira. Gel. re Nat. iL. Ald. —Lath. Ind. Guin 1.
219. 40.
Cuculus brasiliensis cried Bris. 4. 144, 19.
Le Guira cantara. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 407.
Brasilian crested Cuckow. Lath. as 2. 538, 30. ;
Laxton fourteen Soha and upwards: beak
dirty yellow, an inch in length; the upper man-
dible rather hooked: irides brown: the feathers
of the head are brown in the middle and yellowish
on the sides, whereas those on the neck and throat
are yellowish down the middle and brown at the
sides; all the rest of the body pale yellowish
white: feathers on the crown long, and forming a
crest: quills and tail brown, the latter with white
tips: legs bright green.
_ This Bike. which makes a great noise in the
woods, is an inhabitant of Brasil.
Week. PT. 8
114
EDOLIO CUCKOW,
(Cuculus serratus.)
C. cauda cunetiformi, capite cristato, corpore nigro-nitido ent
subtus alba), macula alarum serratiform: alba.
Cuckow with a wedge-shaped tail, crested head, shining black
body, (female white soa cer. and a white spot on the wings
notched like a saw. |
Cuculus serratus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 412. mas. —Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 211. 12. mas. Ce eit
Cuculus ater. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 415.
Cuculus melanoleucos. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 416. foem.—Lath.
Ind, Orn. 1. 211. 13. foem.
~ Le Coucou Edolio. Le Vaill. Ois. a Afi. 5, 39. 207. mas.— -
208. foem,
Jacobin huppé de Coromandle. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 380.
foem.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 872. fem.
Crested Black Cuckow. Lath, Syn. 2, 519. 11. mas —Lath.
Sup. 100. mas.
Coromandel crested Cuckow.—Lath. Syn. 2. 520. 12. fcem.
Tue Edolio Cuckow is in length twelve inches
and a half: beak an inch and a quarter,.much
curved, and black; the feathers of the head an.
inch long, forming a crest: general colour of the
plumage glossy black, except the base of the first
four or five quills, which are white, forming a spot
on the exterior edge of the wing of the same co-
lour: tail wedge-shaped, the two middle feathers
seven inches in length, outer ones only four inches
and a half: the feathers on the thigh long, hang-
ing a great way over the legs, which are black.
The female differs in being rather less, and having
WDOLIO CUCKOW.
(we am
pig
69
N
CKOW.
sz
-
oS)
ae
_
J
‘S)
—
Px
Lemate.
ATER GN
AFRICAN CUCKOW.
AFRICAN CUCKOW. 143
the under parts entirely white, as also the tip of
‘the tail: with brown legs.
_ This species received its trivial name from the
shape of the white spot on the wing being very
like the teeth of a saw at the back part of it,
which arises from the white being placed obliquely
on each feather, and the wings most likely being
rather open in the original specimen, would give
it that appearance, as it is not the case when the
wings are quite closed, when it appears as an
irregular patch on the wing.
Is found at the Cape of Good Hope, and on the
Coromandel coast. The female has been consi-
dered distinct by some authors, but Le Vaillant,
in his work on the African birds, assures us it is
not. a
AFRICAN CUCKOW.
(Cuculus Afer.)
C. atro-virens ; capite cristato; gula, pectore, ventreque lutescen-
tibus ila nigro-maculata. |
Dark-green Cuckow, with a crested head; throat, breast, and
belly yellowish; the former mottled with black.
Cuculus Afer. Leach. Zool. Misc. 1. 72. 31.
Le Coucou Edolio var. Le Vaill. Ots. d’ Afr. 5. 42. 209.
African Cuckow. Leach. Zool. Misc. 1. 72.
Tuts bird is supposed by Le Vaillant to be only
a variety of his Edolio Coucou, but upon an ac-
116 GREAT SPOTTED CUCKOW.
curate examination it evidently appears to be a.
distinct species: it is an inhabitant of the southern
part of Africa. — .
GREAT SPOTTED CUCKOW.
-(Cuculus ca "
C. cauda cunei ‘fermi, capite subcristatoy alis albo et cinerascente
maculatis, fascia oculari nigra.
Cuckow with a wedge-shaped tail, slightly ceed head, wings
spotted with white and Ss Do and a black stripe near the
eye. |
Cuculus glandarius. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 169. 5.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 411.—Lath. End. Orn. '1. 208. 3.
Cuculus Andalusie. Bris. 4, 126. 10. —Ger. Orn. 1. 81. 70.
Le grand Coucou tacheté. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 361.
Great spotted Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 513. 3.
Beak black, an inch and a quarter in length,
and a little bent: head crested; crest composed
of blueish ash-coloured feathers: from the base of
the upper mandible arises a band of black, which
passes through the eyes almost to the hinder part
of the head, and is broadest in the middle: sca-
pulars, upper wing, and tail-coverts dark brown,
marked with small white and pale cinereous spots :
quills brown ; each of the secondaries marked with
a pale cinereous spot : tail wedge-shaped, blackish,
all tipped with white except the two middle fea-
thers: legs and claws black.
This species inhabits the south of Europe, tu
the north of Africa; size of a Magpie, about:
fourteen inches in length.
Vrs NV
oS
a yyNN
ae
NY,
~.
ws
SAND WN
ats Ws
WYO} re
y NY ’
ie Wy,
ara
yy
ad Pe 4h eae
iN ‘ onde p z . , ‘7, 4
GREAT SPOTTED CUCKOW.
117
PISAN CUCKOW.
(Cuculus pisanus.)
C. cauda cuneiformi, capite cristato, corpore nigro alboque vario
subtus albo, gula pectore crisso remigibusque rufis.
Cuckow with a wedge-shaped tail, crested head, body varied
with black and white ; beneath white; throat, breast, quills,
and vent-feathers rufous. :
Cuculus pisanus. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 416.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
eh ae a aa
Cuculus ex nigro et albo mixtus. Ger. Orn. 1. 81. 71.
Coucou huppé noir et blanc. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 362.
Pisan Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 520. 13.
Ratuer larger than the common Cuckow:
beak greenish brown: head crested, and black:
upper parts of the body black and white: throat,
breast, and under tail-coverts rufous; the rest of
the under parts white : quill-feathers rufous, tipped
with white: tail black with the tip white, much
wedge-shaped, and the feathers very long: legs
green. |
This is much allied to C. glandarius: a pair
were taken near Pisa, in Italy, where they had
formed a nest, laid four eggs, and hatched them ;
it was not known from whence they made their
appearance, as they had never been seen before,
118
MADAGASCAR CRESTED CUCKOW.
(Cuculus cristatus. )
C. cauda rotundata, capite cristato, corpore cinereo-virescente
abdomine rufo-albo, rectricibus lateralibus apice albis.
Cuckow with a rounded tail, crested head, body of a cinereous
green, abdomen of a reddish white, and the lateral tail-feathers
tipped with white. :
Cuculus cristatus. Lin. Syst. Nat. t. 171. 19.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 420.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 213. 16.
Cuculus madagascarensis cristatus. Bris. 4. 149. 22.t.12.f. 2
Coucou huppé de Madagascar. Buff. Pl. Enl. 589.
Coua. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 365. 4. 16.
Madagascar crested Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 522. 15.
Le Coua, Le Vail. Otis. d’ Afr. 5, pl. 217.
Lenetu fourteen inches: beak more than an
inch long, black: irides orange: head and upper
parts of the body of a beautiful ash-colour, in-
clining to green: feathers on the head long, form-
ing acrest: throat and fore part of the neck cine-
reous : lower part of the neck and breast greenish :
belly and sides whitish, with a rufous tinge: under
tail-coverts rufous white: thighs white, marked
with a band of light ash-colour: quills pale green,
with a blue and violet gloss; beneath cinereous :
tail cinereous; the lateral feathers tipped with.
white; the two middle tail-feathers longest: legs
black.
Mr. Commerson assures us the flesh of this bird
is very good to eat, that it is frequent in the woods
about Fort Dauphin, and that it carries its tail
COLLARED CUCKOW. 119
spread: it is likewise found in Madagascar, Se-
negal, and Caffraria, where it is called Coua, no
doubt from its uttering the words coha-coha-coha
repeatedly, which it is said to do by Le Vaillant.
COLLARED CUCKOW.
(Cuculus coromandus.)
C. cauda cuneiformi, capite cristato, corpore nigro, subtus tor-
queque collari albo.
€uckow with a wedge-shaped tail, crested head, black body,
and a white collar round the neck,
Cuculus coromandus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.171. 20.—Gmel, Syst.
Nat. 1.421. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 216, 30.
Coucou huppé a collier. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois, 6. 388.
Coucou huppé de Coromandel. Buff. Pl, Enl. 274. 2.
Collared Cuckow. . Lath. Syn. 2. 529. 26.
B. gula, jugulo remigibusque fuscis.
With the throat, jugulum, and wing-quills fuscous.
Le Coucou a collier blanc. Le Vail. Ois. d Afr. 5. 213.
Beak not quite an inch in length, rather bent,
and of an ash-colour: irides yellowish: head
crested, and blackish, as is the upper part of the
body: there is a small, round, grey spot on each
side of the head behind the eye: the upper part
of the neck is surrounded with a white collar, a
quarter of an inch broad: throat and thighs are
blackish: the fore part of the neck, breast, belly,
and under tail-coverts white: scapulars and wing-
coverts blackish in the middle, with rufous mar-
gins; but the greater wing-coverts farthest from
120 ° RED-CRESTED CUCKOW.
the body rufous; primary quills the same; se-
condaries similar to the wing-coverts : tail blackish,
and wedge-shaped: legs ash-colour. :
Found in Senegal, Caffraria, and on the coast of
Coromandel, and is about twelve inches and a half
in length,
RED-CRESTED CUCKOW.
-(Cuculus beasilientiey)
C. cauda subaequali, capite cristato, a sa rubro, remigibus
Jflavescentibus.
Cuckow with a red body, and red crest on the head, with yel-
lowish quills, and the tail nearly even at the end.
Cuculus brasiliensis, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 171. 18.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 419.—Lath, Ind, Orn. 1. 222. 48.
Cuculus cristatus ruber. Bris. 4. 154.25.
Le Couroucoucou. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 298.
Red-cheeked Cuckow. Lath, Syn. 2. 545. 45.
Tuts bird is rather less than a Thrush, being
scarcely ten inches in length: beak light red, half
an inch long, and a little bene head of.a pale red,
ornamented with a crest of a darker red, varie-
gated with black: upper parts deep red; lower
parts pale red ; witha yellowish tinge on the belly:
upper wing-coverts. pale red, mixed with yellow:
quills and tail yellow, with a black shade.
121
HORNED CUCKOW.
(Cuculus cornutus.)
C. cauda cuneiformi, capite crista bifida, corpore fuliginoso, cauda
- apice alba.
Cuckow with a wedge-shaped tail, which is white at the pe
head with a bifid crest ; body sooty.
Cuculus cornutus. Lyn. Syst. Nat. 1. 171. 127.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat.1.422. Lath. Syst. Nat. 1. 216. 31.
Cuculus brasiliensis cornutus. Bris. 4. 145. 20.
Atinga guacu mucu. Buff. Hist. Nat. 6. 409.
Horned Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 530. 27.
In length twelve inches: beak greenish yellow,
and a little bent at the end: irides crimson: head
and all the upper parts of a sooty colour; with a
double crest on the head resembling horns, which
can. be elevated at pleasure; lower parts cine-
reous : quills and tail soot-colour ; the last darkest,
tipped with white, and nine inches in length;
two middle feathers longest; the outer ones very
short : legs and claws ash-colour, covered in front
with feathers very low down: is an inhabitant of
Brasil, ,
129
LONG-BILLED RAIN CUCKOW.
(Cuculus Vetula. ) . '
C. cauda cunetformt, corpore subfusco subtus testaceo, cilits
rubris.
Cuckow with a wedge-shaped tail, and subfuscous body, beneath
testaceous, ciliz red. ‘
Cuculus Vetula. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 169. 4.—Gimel. Si yste Nat.
1.410.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 218. 36. |
Cuculus jamaicensis longiroster. Bris. 4,116.5. t. 17 A. 2.
Le Coucou a long bec, Tacco. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 402.—
Buff. Pl. Enl. 772.
Long-billed rain Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 535. 32.
Ratuer larger than a Blackbird: beak above
_ an inch and a half in length; the upper mandible
black; the lower whitish: crown of the. head
brown; the feathers of it soft and silky: upper
parts of the body and the quills cinereous olive :
throat and fore part of the neck whitish; the rest
of the under parts rufous; tail very much wedge-
shaped; the two middle feathers cinereous olive,
the others dusky black, with white tips; the outer
feathers very short: legs blue-black.
This species inhabits Jamaica, where it is fre-
quent all the year round in woods and hedges.
It feeds on seeds, small worms, and caterpillars,
and is very tame. ‘This bird has the name Tacco,
from its cry, which is like that word; the first
syllable of this is pronounced hardly, the other
following in a full octave lower than the first. It
has also another cry like qua, gua, qua, but that
LONG-BILLED RAIN cUCKOW. — |. 123
only when alarmed by an enemy. Besides insects,
it will also eat lizards, small snakes, frogs, young
rats, and sometimes even small birds. The snakes
they swallow head foremost, letting the tail hang
out of the mouth till the fore parts are digested.
This bird, probably, might be easily tamed, as
it is so gentle as to suffer the. negro children to
catch it with their hands. Its gait is that of leap-
ing like a magpie, being frequently seen on the
ground ; and its flight but short, chiefly from bush
to bush. At the time when other birds breed
they likewise retire into the woods, but their nests
have never yet been found ; from which we should
be inclined to think that they were indebted to
them for the rearing of their young, in the man-
ner of the common Cuckow. It has the name
of Rain-bird, as it is said to make the greatest noise
before rain.
The stomach of this bird, according to Sloane,
is of a very large size in proportion to the body,
which is frequently to be observed in the common
Cuckow.
Mr. Abbot says that this bird sits on its own
eggs, and that the nests are not uncommon in
Georgia, he having procured two or three of them ;
one discovered by himself was built in the fork of
a small oak, made of sticks lined with moss, and
over that dead hiccory blossoms: the eggs were
five in number, rough, and of a blue colour, but
not very dark, and found complete about the latter
end of April.
124
RAIN CUCKOW.
(Cuculus pluvialis. )
C. cauda cuneiformi, corpore cinereo-olivaceo subtus rufo, collo
nfertore albo, rectricibus lateralibus nigris, eatimis latere inte-
vzore omnibus apice albis.
Cuckow with a cinereous-olive body, rufous beneath; inferior
part of the neck white; tail wedge-shaped ; lateral feathers.
_ black with white tips, and the exterior one white at the
sides. |
Cuculus pluvialis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.411.—Lath. Ind. Orn. |.
218. 37. 3
Cuculus jamaicensis. Bris. 4.114, 4.
Le Coucou dit Vieillard. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 398.
Rain Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 536. 33.
Tus bird is rather less than a Blackbird: length
from fifteen to seventeen inches. Beak an inch
long: the upper mandible black, the under
whitish : top of the head covered with soft downy
feathers of a dark-brown colour: the rest of the
upper part of the body, the wings, and two middle
tail-feathers cinereous olive: throat and fore part
of the neck white, appearing like a downy beard:
the breast and the rest of the under parts of the
body rufous: all but the two middle tail-feathers
black, tipped with white, and the outermost one
margined with white: legs of a blueish black.
This species likewise inhabits Jamaica, and is
known by the name of Old Man, or Rain-bird, as
well as the last : the former name it most likely has
from the colour of its chin. 3
125
MANGROVE CUCKOW.
(Cuculus Seniculus.)
C. cauda cuneiformi, breviore, corpore cinereo subtus rufescente,
gula alba.
Cuckow with a short wedge- shaped tail, cinereousbody, rufescent
beneath, throat white.
Cuculus minor. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1,411.
Cuculus Seniculus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 219. 38.
Petit Vieillard. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 401.
Coucou des Paletuviers. Buff. Pl. Enl. 813.
Mangrove Cuckow. Lath. Syn, 2. 537.
Tuis bird is about twelve inches in length : beak
and upper parts of the body and tail similar to C.
pluvialis: irides yellow: chin white: rest beneath
pale rufous: legs longer than in the last.
This is so much like the female of C. pluvialis
in colour, &c. that one description would be almost
‘sufficient ; however this is much smaller, and has a
-shorter tail in proportion : it inhabits Cayenne, and
lives on insects; is particularly fond of the large
caterpillars that feed on the mangrove, on which.
account it frequents those places where there are a
great number of those trees. |
126.
SHINING CUCKOW.
(Cuculus lucidus.)
C. fulgidus, cauda subequali, corpore supra viridi-aureo, subtus
albicante viridi aureo fuscoque undulato.
Shining Cuckow, with the tail nearly equal; body above of a
greenish brass, beneath whitish, with green gold and fuscous
undulations.
Cuculus lucidus. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 491.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
215. 28.
Shining Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 528. oat 23.
_ Leneru the same as C. auratus: beak blueish:
irides hazel: upper part of the body green, with a
fine, rich, gilded gloss; the under parts white,
transversely undulated with green gold: under.
tail-coverts nearly white: quills and tail dusky
brown; the latter very short, scarcely exceeding
the wings: legs blueish. “
This species has a great affinity to C. auratus,
but it has not the white stripes on the head, or
blotches on the body peculiar to that bird: it is a
native of New Zealand, where it is called Poopo-
arowro. |
>
if thir
SS MEN
SHINING CU
C
26
GILDED CUCKOW.
(Cuculus auratus.)
C. cauda cuneiform, corpore supra viridi-aureo subtus albo, ca-
pite strits quingue albis, rectricibus duobus extimis latere exte-
riort omnibus apice albis. :
Cuckow with the body above of a green gold, beneath white ; ae
head with five white striae ; tail wedge-shaped, the two exte-
_ rior feathers with white spots on the outward edge, and all
with white tips.
Cuculus auratus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 421.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 215. 97.
Coucou vert doré et blanc. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ovs. 6. 385.
Coucou vert du Cap de Bonne Esperance Buf. Pl. Enl.
657.
Gilded Cuckow. Lath. Syn. 2. 527. 23.
Le Coucou didric. Le Vaill. Ois. d’ Afr. 5. 46. 210. mas. 211.
fem,
Tuts most beautiful bird is about seven inches
in length: beak eight lines long, and of a greenish
brown colour : the upper parts are of a rich, gilded,
glossy green; on the head are five stripes of
white ; two above the eyes, like eyebrows, passing
behind ; two more, shorter and narrower, beneath
the eyes; and one on the middle of the forehead :
nearly all the wing-coverts and the second quills
have white tips; as likewise the tail-feathers and
the two greater tail-coverts: the exterior quill and
two exterior tail-feathers with small spots of white
on the outer edge: throat and under parts white :
the sides and feathers which fall over the knees
128 KLAAS CUCKOW.
marked with a few greenish bars: legs grey, co:
vered with white feathers as far as the middle of
the shins: tail wedge-shaped, above three inches -
long, and in its natural state spread out like a
fan; it is nearly an inch and a half longer than
the wings, which in this species seem longer
in proportion than most of the birds of the
genus.
This bird was found near Kole Kraal, inwards
from the Cape of Good Hope, by Le Vaillant,
who remarks ‘that it is undoubtedly the finest
bird of the genus: it was named by him Le
Didric, from its continually uttering the sylla-
bles di-di-didric very distiiictly, in various modu-
Jations, when perched on the extremities of taree
trees.
—
a
KLAAS CUCKOW.
(Cuculus Klaas.)
C. viridis 3 remigibus fuscis ; gula, jugulo, pectore, ventre, femo-
ribus caudaque subtus albis.
Green Cuckow, with the quills fuscous ; throat, jugulum, breast,
belly, thighs, and tail beneath white.
Le Coucou.de Klaas. Le Vail. Ois. d’ Afriq. 5. 53. pl. 212.
mas.
Turs species is described by Le Vaillant, who
has with great propriety separated it from the
gilded Cuckow: the wings are: longer, and ‘the
CUPREOUS CUCKOW. 1929
colours (as may be discovered by comparing the
characters,) are different. The four middle
quills of the tail are brilliant green, the outer
ones white. Beak and legs black brown, the eyes
yellow. , 3
It is of the same size as the gilded Cuckow,
and is found in Senegal, and from Caffraria to
the Cape of Good Hope, but it is much more
rare..
CUPREOUS CUCKOW.
(Cuculus cupreus.)
€. aureo-cupreus, abdomine femoribusque flavis.
Golden copper Cuckow, with the abdomen and thighs yellow.
Cuculus eupreus, Lath, Gen. Sup. I. 29. 1.
-Cupreous Cuckow, Lath. Gen. Sup. II. 134, 2.
Tue Cupreous Cuckow is about the size of a
Lark, and is most elegant in its form: the beak
is black: the head, neck, and upper parts of the
body are of a brilliant copper colour, with a gold
gloss: the feathers have much the appearance
of scales, being greatly rounded: the belly and
thighs are of a fine yellow: the tail is rather
wedge-shaped, with one or two of the exterior
feathers marked with a triangular white spot at
the tip: legs black. |
There is a magnificent specimen of this bird in
the museum of Mr. Bullock, which differs a little
from the above description, as the abdomen and
e. ix. P. 1, 9
130 CUPREOUS CUCKOW.
thighs instead of being yellow are of a dirty white,
which may be the effect of accident, or the distin-
guishing character of the other sex. It is sup-
posed to be an inhabitant of Africa, and is very
greatly allied to C. auratus, but the tail is rather
longer in proportion.
13]
INDICATOR. HONEY-GUIDE.
Generic Character.
Rostrum robustum, conicum, || Beak strong, conic, dilated at
basi dilatatum, versus api- the base, narrow towards
- cem angustum, mandibula the tip; the upper mandi-
superiore arcuato carinata, ble bent and carinated, the .
inferiore apice recurvato. lower one recurved at the
tip.
Nares plumis subtecte. Nostrels slightly covered with
feathers.
Pedes simplices, digitisduobus || /eet simple, with two toes
anticis, duobus posticis; di- before and two behind; the
gito postico externe lon- external hinder toe longest,
giore, ungue breve in- armed with a short claw.
structo.
Tue Honey-guides form a very peculiar genus,
having a solid, conic, and arched beak, with a
ridge on the upper mandible, the point of the under
mandible being inserted into a groove in that of
the upper one: the nostrils are placed high, each
in a deep impression, and covered partially with
feathers, which incline rather to the sides of the
beak than to the middle: head small: eyes rather
open: tongue flat, triangular, and short: body
long and straight: toes strong and short: wings
long, and reaching to the middle of the tail, which
consists of twelve feathers, having the middle ones
shorter than those on each side, and the three
132 HONEY-GUIDE.
outer ones gradually shorter than each other, the
most exterior one being shortest: the feathers are
short, hard, and pressed close to the body: the
skin is thick, and the fibres so close that it is diffi-
cult to pierce it even with a pin, an admirable
provision of nature to guard these birds against
the stings of the bees, as it forms an almost im-
penetrable coat of mail.
Sparrman first described the Honey-guide, which
he placed in the genus Cuculus, to which it is only
related in ae the toes placed two and two;
but it is to him we are indebted for the following ©
history of its economy, which is to be found in the
Philosophical Transactions, vol. 67, p. 38. ‘* This
curious species of Cuckow,” says Dr. Sparrman, “ is
found at a considerable distance from the Cape of
Good Hope, in the interior parts of Africa, being
entirely unknown at that settlement. ‘The first
place I heard of it was in a wood called the Groot-
Vaader’s Bosch, the Grand-father’s Wood, situated
in a desert near the river which the Hottentots
call 7’kaut’kai. The Dutch settlers thereabouts
have given this bird the name of Honiguyzer, or
Honey-guide, from its quality of discovering wild
honey to travellers. Its colour has nothing strik-
ing or beautiful: its size is smaller than that of
our Cuckow in Europe; but in return the instinct
which prompts it to seek its food in a singular
manner is truly admirable. Not only the Dutch
and Hottentots, but likewise a species of qua-
druped named Ratel (probably a new species of
Badger), are frequently conducted to wild hee-
———oorr ess ss tr—~<“S~;
HONEY-GUIDE. 133
hives by this bird, which, as it were, pilots them
to the very spot. The honey being its favourite
food, its own interest prompts it to be instru-
mental in robbing the hive,-as some scraps are
commonly left for its support. The morning and
evening are its times of feeding, and it is then
heard calling in a shrill tone, cherr, cherr, which
the honey-hunters carefully attend to as the sum-
mons to the chase. From time to time they an-
swer with a soft whistle, which the bird hearing
always continues its note. As soon as they are
in sight of each other, the bird gradually flutters
towards the place where the hive is situated, con-
tinually repeating its former call of cherr, cherr ;
nay, if it should happen to have gained a consi-
derable way before the men (who may easily be
hindered in the pursuit by bushes, rivers, or the
like), it returns to them again, and redoubles its
note, as if to reproach them with their inactivity.
At last the bird is observed to hover for. a few
moments over a certain spot; and then silently
retiring to a neighbouring bush or resting-place,
the hunters are sure of finding the bees’ nest in
that identical spot; whether it be in a tree or in
the crevice of a rock, or (as is most commonly the °
case), in the earth. Whilst the hunters are busy
in taking the honey, the bird is seen looking on
attentively to what is going forward, and. waiting
for its share of the spoil. The bee-hunters never
fail to leave a small portion for their conductor ;
but commonly take care not to leave so much
as would satisfy his hunger. The bird’s appetite
134 HONEY-GUIDE.
being whetted by this parsimony, he is obliged
‘to commit a second treason, by discovering an-
other bees’ nest, in hopes of a better salary. It
is further observed that the nearer the bird ap-
proaches the hidden hive the more frequently it
repeats its call, and seems the more impatient.
I have had frequent opportunities of seeing this
bird, and have been witness to the destruction of
several republics of bees by means of its treachery.
I had, however, but two opportunities of shoot-
ing it, which I did to the great indigpanen of my
Hottentots.””
A nest that was shewn to Dr. Sparrman, as be-
longing to this bird, was composed of slender fila-
ments of bark woven together in the form of a
bottle; the neck and opening hung downwards,
and a string in an arched shape was suspended
across the opening fastened by the two ends, per-
haps for the birds to pereh on: it is said to be
constructed in the hollow of trees, which the bird |
climbs like a Woodpecker; it hatches its own
eges, in which it differs from the Cuckows.
Though Dr. Sparrman asserts that he was fre-
quently eyewitness of the above circumstance re-
lating to the economy of these birds, yet he is dis-
credited by Le Vaillant, who even doubts if Sparr-
man ever saw the bird; he says the account is
merely a repetition of a fable that is known and be-
lieved by the credulous people of the Cape, asin his
travels he never observed any part of Sparrman’s
statement to be correct : in another place he says it
is certain that the note of the Honey-guide when in
HONEY-GUIDE. 135
search of its prey indicates to man its object, and
thus induces him to follow it; but that it is false
that the bird seeks to draw man after it for. the
purpose of sharing the plunder of the honey with
him: the fact is, the bird calls not the man, but
the man knows that by attending to the cry and fol-
lowing the bird he will be sure to find the stores
of the bees. Bruce pretends to have seen one of
these birds in Abyssinia, and he has given to it all
the forms of a Cuckow; but Le Vaillant no more
believes that the Indicator was seen there, than
the Giraffe, to which Bruce has given the horns of
the Antelope! however, Bruce himself does not
admit the truth of Sparrman’s account, for in his
travels he says, ‘* I cannot conceive it possible
that in a country where there are so many thou-
sand hives, there was any use for giving to a bird
a peculiar instinct or faculty of discovering honey,
when, at the same time, nature hath deprived him
of the power of availing himself of any advan-
tage from the discovery; for man seems in this
case to be made for the service of the Moroc,
which is very different to the common course of
things: man certainly needs not this bird; for on
every tree, and on every hillock he may see plenty
of honey at his own deliberate disposal. I can-
not then but think, with all submission to those
natural philosophers (Dr. Sparrman and Jerome
Lobo, who have also given an account of this bird, )
that the whole of this is an improbable fiction;
nor did I ever hear a single person in Abyssinia
suggest, that either this or any other bird had such
136 HONEY-GUIDE.
a property. Sparrman says it was not known to
any inhabitant of the Cape, any more than that of
the Moroc was in Abyssinia; it was a secret of
nature hid from all but these two great men, and
I most willingly leave it anone the catalogue of
their particular discoveries.”’
However Mr. Barrow (who in ne years 1797
and 1798 travelled into the interior of the southern
extremity of Africa), fully confirms the truth of
Dr. Sparrman’s account. ‘ Every one in that
country,’ says Barrow, “ is too well acquainted
with the Moroc to have any doubts as to the cer-
tainty either respecting the bird or its information
of the repositories of the bees.”’
Lobo, whom we have mentioned above, in his
Voyage to Abyssinia speaks of a bird called Mo-
roc, which has the instinct of discovering wild-
honey: but from his account it is that collected.
by the ground bees; as he says that they keep:
their holes in the ground extremely clean; and,
that though common in the highways, they are
very seldom found except by the Moroc’s assist-
ance. |
These birds are very tame, and not much afraid
of man: their flight is heavy. They feed only on
honey and wax, but do not eat the bees, who en-
deavour to sting them in the eye (almost the only
part the insect can penetrate), and frequently
make them suffer very much for their boldness in
attacking the hive; and is often the cause of .their
death, as the Hottentotsnsay numbers of their
carcases are found near the resorts of the bees.
HONEY-GUIDE. 137
Le Vaillant, in his travels, says the Hottentots
are very partial to this bird, on account of the
service it renders them; and that once when he
was about to shoot one they implored him to spare
its life, in consideration of its utility.
The following is the description of the bird
alluded to by Le Vaillant as Bruce’s* Indicator,
which the latter says is about seven inches in
length: bill pointed and rather bent, with a num-
ber of very smali hairs at the base: irides dusky
red: head and neck plain brown: inside of the
mouth and throat yellow: tongue pointed, and ca-
pable of being drawn half out of the mouth: eye-
brows black: fore part of the neck light yellow,
which colour reaches nearly to the shoulders, and
is darkest on the sides: breast and belly dirty
white : the wing-feathers mostly tipped with white :
tail consisting of twelve feathers of equal length,
and tipped with white: legs black, covered with
feathers half way down: feet with only three toes,
placed two before and one behind. It feeds on
bees, and when catching them makes a kind of —
snapping noise, at other times it is silent: this
bird kills more than it eats, as numbers are found
scattered on the ground where it has been feeding ;
and is found in those parts of Abyssinia where
honey is produced as a revenue, as Agou and
Goutto. 3
This bird is described by Dr. Latham in the
second supplement to his work, pages xxxi. 8. and
139. 13. under the name of Cuculus Abyssinicus.
* Bee Cuckow. Moroc. Bruce’s Trav. App. 178.
ie SPARRMAN’S HONEY-GUIDE.
There is great probability of one of these birds
proving the Gnat Snapper of Kolben; of which
he says the note is not so fine as that of a Tit-
mouse, and that it is a guide to the Hottentots, by
directing them to the honey which the bees lay
up in the clefts of the rock.
SPARRMAN’S HONEY-GUIDE.
(Indicator Sparrmanii. )
I. corpore. ferrugineo-griseo subtus albido ; humeris macula vig,
rectricibus tribus exterioribus basi macula nigra.
Honey-guide with a ferruginous grey body, beneath white; a
yellow spot on the shoulders; and the three exterior tail-
feathers with a black spot at the base.
Cuculus indicator. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 418. seedy Ind. Orn.
1. 218. 35.
Le Coucou indicateur. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 6. 392.
Honey-guide. Phil, Trans. 67. 38. 1.
Honey Cuckow. Lath. Gen. Syn, 2. 533.—Lath, Sup. 10%.
Tus species, which is the one figured and de-
scribed by Sparrman, is in length seven inches:
beak half an inch; yellowish at the tip ; ; thickened,
and brown dowandle the base, which is armed with
a few bristles, and in the male encircled with
black: irides ferruginous grey: eyelids naked
black: top of the head grey; the feathers broad
and short: chin, throat, and breast dirty white,
with a green tinge on the latter: back and rump
ferruginous grey: belly and vent white: thighs
——--
GREAT HONEY-GUIDE.
GREAT HONEY-GUIDE. . Bg
white, with a longitudinal streak of black on each
feather : upper wing-coverts grey brown, some of |
them tipped with yellow, forming a spot of that
colour on the shoulders, which is generally covered
by the scapulars: quills brown above; grey brown
beneath: bastard wing grey brown: tail composed
of twelve feathers, the middle ones very narrow
and short; rusty brown both above and below;
the two next, on each side, white, with brown tips,
_and a black spot on the inner webs at the base;
the outer one shorter than the rest, and similar to
the last, except that the black spot is not quite so
conspicuous. Is said by Sparrman to inhabit the
interior of the country from the Cape of Good
Hope, where it is very common.
ERAS CRT RATES,
GREAT HONEY-GUIDE.
(Indicator major. )
I. olivaceo-wiridis, subtus flavescens, uropygio tectricibusque albis.
Olive-green Honey-guide, beneath yellow, with the rump and
tail-coverts white.
Le Grand Indicateur. Le Vaill..Ozs. d’ Afr. 5. 1. mas. 2. female.
Lenetu about ten inches: the upper part of
the head, hinder part of the neck, wing-coverts,
and back are brownish olive-green, yellowish in a
certain light: rump white; upper tail-coverts white
varied with olive: wing-quills dirty olive-brown,
externally olive-green: the three outer tail-feathers
140 LITTLE HONEY-GUIDE.
on each side are white with a brown spot at the
tip ; the remainder of the tail-feathers olive-brown,
with their outer webs white: fore-part of the neck
and the breast pale yellow; the middle of the neck
varied with black spots, which ascend to the throat;
all the rest of the under part of the body yellow:
beak, legs, nails, and eyes brown. Female rather
less than the male; the olive-green colour more
yellow than in the male: the forehead spotted
with yellowish-white : the throat, front of the neck,
breast and flanks varied with brownish-black and
yellowish-white : in other respects she is like the
male; which, when young, is similar in colour.
This species inhabits Auteniquoi and Caffraria :
the female lays four dirty-white eggs, which the
male occasionally sits on, to relieve the female,
during the tedious process of incubation.
LITTLE HONEY-GUIDE.
(Indicator minor.)
I. griseo-olivaceus; remigibus perfusets viride -flavo marginatis ;
_ventre caudaque albidis hdc pennis intermediis meee rostro,
oculis pedibusque brunneis.
Olive-grey Honey-guide ; with the quills brownish, margined
with yellow; belly and tail whitish, the latter with the middle
feathers black ; beak, eyes, and feet brown.
- Le petit Indicateur. Le Vazl. Ors. d’ Afrig. 5. 137. p. 242.
Tuis species was first observed by Le Vaillant
in the vicinity of the Cape of Good Hope, having
LITTLE HONEY-GUIDE. | 14]
been pointed out to him by the colonists, to whom
it was well known.
The female has the back and wing-coverts brown-
ish ; and lays four plain white eggs.
This bird has a very remarkable note, which Le
Vaillant has endeavoured to imitate as follows, kat-
hat-kat-kat-kat-kat-kay, hat, kay, kay, kat.
142
YUNX. WRYNECK.
Generic Character.
Rostrum teretiusculum, paulo || Beak roundish, slightly in-
incurvatum, debile. curved, and weak.
Nares concave, denudate. Nostrils naked and concave.
Lingua teres, lumbriciformis, || Tongue very long, worm-like,
longissima, apice mucro- slender, and armed at the
nata, | point.
Pedes simplices; digitis du- || Feet simple, with two toes
obus anticis, duobus posti- before, and two behind.
CIs. °
‘Tus genus, which consists of only a single spe-
cies, has, by most authors, been held distinct: it
seems to be the link between the Woodpeckers
and the Cuckows; as it has the tongue and feet of
the former, but it cannot be placed there on ac-
count of the weakness of its beak; while it is re-
moved from the latter (where it was originally
placed by Linneus,) by its long tongue, although
it has a great affinity in other respects. ‘There are
ten feathers in the tail. ,
COMMON WRYNECK.
a:
143
WRYNECK. |
(Yunx Torquilla.)
Y. grisea fusco nigricanteque varia; abdomine rufescente-albo ma-
culis nigricantibus ; rectricibus maculis striis fasciisque nigris
undulatis.
Grey Wryneck, varied with black and fuscous; abdomen of a
_ rufescent white, with blackish spots; tail-feathers spotted and
barred with undulated black striz.
Yunx Torquilla. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 172.—Faun. Suec. 97. 1.
97.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 423.—Ger. Orn. 2. 52. 186.—Bris.
4.4.4.1.f.1.—Raz. Syn. 44. 8.—Will. 95. 22.—Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1, 223. 1.
Le Torcol. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 84. 3.—Buff. Pl. Enl, 698.
Wryneck. Brit. Zool. 1. 83.—Arct. Zool. 2. 267. B.—Lewin.
Br. Birds. 2. 43.—Id. 8. 2. (ovum, )—Lath. Syn. 2. 548. 24.
—Lath. Sup. 103.—Don. Brit. Birds. 4. 83.— Montague. Brit.
Birds, 2.—Bewitck. Brit. Birds. 1. 111.
Tue length of this beautiful bird is about seven
inches ; the beak is three quarters of an inch long,
nearly straight, and sharp pointed; tongue cylin-
dric, two inches and a quarter in length: irides
light hazel, inclining to yellow: the upper part of
the head, neck, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
are ash-colour, marked with numerous fine dusky
undulated transverse lines; from the crown of the
head a black list runs half way down the back,
disposed in four indistinct lines: wing-coverts like
the back, but inclining to rufous, and spotted with
grey: greater quills dusky, marked with quadran-
gular rust-coloured spots on the exterior webs:
144 WRYNECK.
chin and fore-part of the neck yellowish white, »
crossed with dusky lines: lower part of the breast,
belly, and sides white, with small triangular dusky
spots: under tail-coverts rufous-white, crossed
with dusky lines: tail-feathers broad, rounded at
the ends, and of the same colour as the back, with
four distinct black bars: legs brown; female much
paler.
There is a variety henconed by Brisson of this
bird, differing from the former in having the head -
and upper parts ferruginous, Beantaulty varied
with longitudinal lines of yellow: wings and tail
the same as the back: legs yellow: claws black.
The name Wryneck seems to have been given
to this bird from its singular manner of turning its
head over its shoulder alternately, when the black
mark on the back of the neck gives it a twisted
appearance ; it also erects all the feathers on the
top of the head: its beak seems to be of very little
use in procuring subsistence, the tongue being the
chief instrument used for that purpose.
The Wryneck makes a noise very much like the
smaller species of Hawks, which it frequently ree
peats in the spring, soon after its arrival in this
country, which is generally about the middle of
April: it makes no nest, but lays its eggs, which
are from eight to ten in number, on the rotten
wood within ; these eggs are as white as ivory, and.
weigh about thintyesen tn grains.
If this bird be surprised in its nest, it has @ sin-
gular action of defence: stretching itself at full
length, and erecting the feathers of the head, it.
4
|
: |
WRYNECK. 145
suddenly rises, making at the same time a hissing
noise like a snake; which has often been the means
of the nest not being plundered of the young, from
the ‘supposition that they were advancing their
hands on a brood of that reptile.
It is not uncommon in the southern and eastern
parts of England, but is not known to have been
taken far towards the north, and very rarely in
Cornwall. It chiefly inhabits woods, or thickly
inclosed countries, where there are plenty of old
pollard elm trees, or orchards: it is a bird of
passage, coming eight or ten days before the
Cuckow. Its food is chiefly ants, which the male
has been observed to carry to the female while
sitting. Buffon observes that this bird grows very
fat towards the end of summer, when it becomes
excellent eating.
It is found throughout Europe and most ve
of the Old Continent: is known by the names of
Long-tongue, and Emmet-hunter.
V. IX. P. I. 10
146
PICUS. WOODPECKER.
Generic Character.
Rostrum polyedrum, rectum: || Beak many-sided, straight ;
apice cuneato. wedge-shaped at the tip.
Nares pennis setaceis recum- | Nosérils covered with seta-
bentibus obtecte. | ~ ceous recumbent feathers.
Lingua teres, lumbriciformis, | Tongue round, worm-shaped,
longissima, mucronata, a- very long and slender, bony,
pice retrorsum aculeata se- | hard, and with a sharp
tis. | barbed point at the end.
Pedes simplices, digitis duo- || Feet simple, with two toes
bus anticis, duobus posticis. || before, and two behind.
Tue birds of this genus climb trees, particularly
those that are decaying or dead, in search of the
insects and larvee which destroy the tree within,
and which are their natural food: they are un-
justly persecuted in many places on a supposition
that they are injurious to the trees, when in fact
they do good, by destroying those insects which
would otherwise increase so much as to cause the
trees’ overthrow in a short time. Their beak-is
large, strong, and well fitted for its employment,
being terminated in a sort of wedge, by which it _
-is enabled to pierce the bark of trees, and bore
into the solid wood. Its neck is short and thick,
and being furnished with very powerful muscles,
WOODPECKER. 147
it is capable of striking with such force against the
trunks of trees, as to be heard at a great distance:
its tongue is long and taper, with a hard bony sub-
stance at the tip, which terminates in two long
slender cartilages proceeding from below upwards,
and from behind forwards, over the whole skull,
under the skin, and are attached to the forehead
near the base of the beak: by means of these car-
tilages it is that the birds of this genus are able
to thrust out their long filiform tongue to obtain
the insects or their larvae, which are often deeply
seated in the solid tree: their tail consists of ten
stiff sharp-pointed feathers, bent inwards, by which
they secure themselves on the trunks of trees
when in search of food. Their feet are well
adapted for climbing, as the toes are situated two
and two, by which they can creep up or down in
any direction. They have a membranaceous sto-
mach, and want the coecum, a circumstance pecu-
liar to this tribe.
' The apparent solitary life of the Woodpecker
is thus described by Buffon. ‘* Of all the birds
which earn their subsistence by spoil, none leads
a life so laborious and painful as the Woodpecker:
Nature has condemned it to incessant toil and
slavery. While others freely employ their courage
_or address, and either shoot on rapid wing or lurk
in close ambush, the Woodpecker is constrained
to drag out an insipid existence in boring the bark
and hard fibres of trees to extract its humble prey.
Necessity never suffers any intermission of its la-
bours, never grants an interval of sound repose ;
148 GREAT BLACK WOODPECKER.
often during the night it sleeps in the same painful —
posture as in the fatigues of the day. It never
shares the sports of the other inhabitants of the
air, it joins not their vocal concerts, and its wild
cries and saddening tones, while they disturb the
silence of the farce express constraint and effort :
its movements are quick, its gestures full of in-
quietude, its looks coarse and vulgar; it shuns all
society, even that of its own kind; and when it is
prompted to seek a companion, rm appetite is not
softened by delicacy of feeling.” |
GREAT BLACK WOODPECKER.
(Picus martius.)
P. niger, pileo coccineo.
Black Woodpecker, with a scarlet crown.
Picus martius. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 173. 1.— Faun. ‘Suec. 98.—
Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 224. 1.
Picus niger. Briss, 4. 21.6.
Le Pic noir. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois, 7. 41. 2—Buff. Pl. Eni.
596.
Great Black Woodpecker, Pen. Arc. Zool. 2.276. fe
Br. Birds. 2. 46.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 552. 1.—Lath. Sup.
104.—Don. Brit. Birds. 1. 13.—Montague. Brit. Birds. 2.—
Montazue’s Supplement,
Tue Great Black Woodpecker is in length se-
ventcen inches: beak near two inches and a half
in length; of a dark ash-colour, whitish at the |
sides: the whole bird black, except the crown of
the head, which is scarlet: irides pale yellow:
rs
/
BLACK WoomD:
GREAT
GREAT BLACK WOODPECKER. 149
first quill-feathers very short: two middle tail-
feathers rather longer than the rest, giving the tail
a rounded appearance: legs lead-coloured; co-
vered with feathers on the fore part for half their
length: the female is brownish; with only the
hind part of the head scarlet : but both sexes vary
in this latter mark, and it has been quite wanting
in some specimens that have occurred.
This bird is said to build in old ash and pop-
lar trees, which it so excavates occasionally as to.
cause them to be blown down by the first strong
wind: the female lays two or three white eggs,
which colour seems to be peculiar to the whole
genus : it is said to be so great a destroyer of bees,
that the inhabitants of those places where it is
abundant, and many bees are hived in the trees,
are obliged to take every precaution to guard the
mouth of the hive, which is generally done with
sharp thorns, but that is not always sufficient to
protect them ; the birds are found most numerous
where the greatest quantity of bees are kept.
This species is found in most parts of Europe,
but not in Italy, and rarely in France and Eng-
land *: it is most abundant in Germany; it is
likewise found in Russia.
* The fact of its having been taken in England is very doubt-
ful, although it is mentioned in Dr. Pultney’s catalogue of Dor-
setshire birds, where it is noticed as having been taken more than
once in that county: it has also been said to have occurred in
Lancashire, in the neighbourhood of London, and in Devonshire ;
but these latter instances are not sufficiently authenticated.
WHITE-BILLED WOODPECKER. |
(Picus principalis.)
P. niger, linea utringue collari remigibusque secundariis albis.
Mas. crista coccinea.
Foem. crista corpore concolore.
Black Woodpecker, with a line on both sides of the neck, and
the secondary quills white.
Male, with a scarlet crest.
Female, with the crest the same colour as the body.
Picus principalis, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 173. 2.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 425.—Lath, Ind. Orn, 1. 225. 3.—Viewl. Ors. de L’ Amer.
Sept. 2. 56. :
Picus niger carolinensis. Briss. 4. 26. 0+ .
Pic noir huppé de la Caroline. Buff. Pl. Enl. 690.
Pic noir Abee blanc. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 46,— Vieil. Ors.
Amer. Sept. 2. 56, 100.
White-billed Woodpecker. Pen. Arc. Zool. 2. 156.—Lath.
Gen. Syn, 2. 553. male.-—Lath. Sup. 105. 2. female.
Tue White-billed Woodpecker 1 is in length six-
teen inches. The beak is about three inches in
length, channelled, and as white as ivory: irides
pallens: on the back of the head is a beautiful red,
erect, pointed crest, some of the feathers two
inches in length: the head itself and body black ;
but the fis i part of the back, rump, and deer
tail-coverts white: there is a white stripe begin-
ning at the eye and passing down each side of the
neck to the back: some of the primary quill-
feathers black; the rest white: tail black, and
rather wedge-shaped: legs and claws black: fe- —
FO
| WHITE-BILLED WOODPECKER,
WHITE-BILLED WOODPECKER. 151
male rather larger than the male; beak of a most
beautiful white, and very obtuse a the tip: crest
of the head black: the white lines from the eyes
unite into a point on the back: the fifth wing-
quill black with a white tip, and two spots of white
on the inner web; sixth and seventh black, with
the ends and whole of the inner webs white; all
the other quills entirely white; under wing-co-
_-verts white: tail black, very stiff: legs dusky
blue: claws black: the rest of the body similar to
the male.
This bird is called by the Spaniards the Cie
penter, which name is very applicable, as it makes
a great noise with its beak against the trees in the
woods, which is similar to that made by carpenters
when at work ; ; making in an hour or two a bushel
of chips: it is found in Carolina, Virginia, New
Spain, Brasil, and New Jersey.
152
LINEATED WOODPECKER: Sire
(Picus Lineatus. )
P. niger, crista coccinea, linea a rostro utrinque collari ad medium
dorsum alba, corpore subtus rufo-albido fasciis nigris.
Black Woodpecker, with a crimson crest, and with a white line
on both sides of the neck reaching from the beak to the
middle of the back; body beneath reddish white barred with
black.
Picus Lineatus. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 174, 4.—Gmel. By et- Nat.
1. 425.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 226. 5.
Picus niger cayanensis cristatus. Briss. 4.31. 11.t. 1 oy 2.
Pic noir huppé de Cayenne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 7. 50.—
Buff. Pl. Enl. 717.
Lineated Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 556. 4.
Lenetu near fourteen inches: beak above an
inch and a half long, and horn-coloured: head
with a red crest: nape red: cheeks ash-colour :
from the corner of the mouth on each side is a
white line, which gets broader as it advances, until
it meets on the back, which is black: there is a
red stripe along the under jaw: throat beneath
reddish white, the shaft of each feather marked
with black : fore-part of the neck and breast black ;
each feather at the tip bordered with reddish
white ; of which colour the belly, vent, and thighs
are, but striated transversely with black ; edges of
the wings white: quills black; the inner webs
about one third of their length from the base
white: tail black, and wedge-shaped: legs and
claws grey. Inhabits Cayenne. :
153
*. >
RED-HEADED WOODPECKER.
(Picus erythrocephalus.)
P. capite toto rubro, alis caudaque nigris, abdomine remigibusque
secundartis albis.
Woodpecker with the whole head red; wings and tail black ;
abdomen and secondary quill-feathers white.
- Picus erythrocephalus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.174. 7.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 429.—Briss. 4. 52. 19. ¢. 3. f. 1.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
227. 9.—Vieil, Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 60.
Pic noir A domino rouge. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois.7. 55.
Pic de Virginie. Buff. Pl. Enl. 117.
Le Pic tricolor. Viel. Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2: 60. 112. 113.
young’.
Red-headed Woodpecker. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 160.—Lath.
Gen. Syn. 2,561. 1.
Picus obscurus. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1.429.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
228. 11.
White-rumped Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 563. 10.
Tuts destructive bird is eight inches and three
quarters in length: beak an inch and a quarter,
lead-coloured at the base, and black at the tip:
head and neck of a bright crimson, the latter edged
with black below: irides dusky: back and wings
black: breast, belly, and rump white: ten first
quill-feathers black, eleventh black and white, rest
white with black shafts: tail wedge-shaped and
black: legs and claws lead-colour: young bird
has the beak horn-coloured: head, throat, chin,
and all the upper parts of the body dusky, trans-
versely waved with dirty white: great wing-co-
verts black: primary quills dusky: the outer
154 RED-HEADED WOODPECKER.
_ edges margined with cream-colour, with some of
the feathers tipped with white : secondaries white,
with two irregular black bars at the tip of each
feather; the second bar is sometimes wanting
on the outer webs: rump, belly, and tail-coverts
white; legs black.. These birds are found chiefly
in old trees, and the noise they make with their |
beaks is heard at a great distance: they are
very injurious to the maize-fields and orchards, as
they peck the ears of the maize, and destroy. the
apples, which they eat so far that nothing but the
skins remain: they are sometimes so numerous
that a premium of twopence a head has been paid
from the public fund on purpose to extirpate them,
which has of late been much neglected.
In the winter they are very tame, and are occa-
sionally seen to come in the houses, in a similar
manner to the Redbreast in England. ‘They are
inhabitants of many parts of North America; and
migrate more or less to the southward in the au- —
tumn, according to the severity of the approaching
season, from. whence the natives expect either
a moderate or severe winter» upon their return
northward they soon begin to build, and are one
of the earliest of the Woodpeckers in performing
that operation. It is supposed by Buffon that ne-
cessity alone compels these birds to feed on fruits,
as it is contrary to the nature of the birds of this
genus: they are said to be very palatable food.
J,
ZF
Hp
Jips
iD
om
Ne.
G,
OG
NN
\y W
AN
————
==
Ses
~. ——e — =.
Tae Zz aige o=< ~
>
Sle:
eve OS Sees
TERS SSRs
~
SS
ARS ms
BUFF-CRESTED WOODPECKER.
155
BUFF-CRESTED WOODPECKER.
(Picus melanoleucos. )
P. nigricans, pileo cristato flavescente ; fronte superciliis nuchaque
nigris, linea collari utringue ad dorsum alba, corpore subtus
albido fasciis nigris.
Blackish Woodpecker, with a yellowish crest on the top of the
head ; forehead, supercilia, and upper part of the neck black,
with a white line on each side of the latter reaching to the
_ back; body beneath white barred with black,
Picus melanoleucos. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.426.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 227. 7. |
Buff-crested Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 558. 625.
Twetve inches and a half in length: beak two
inches, and of a brownish horn-colour: the fore-
part of the crest black, hinder part buff-coloured :
beneath the crest above the eye is a black line:
hind part of the neck likewise black: the sides of
the head beneath the eye white, which colour runs
down on each side of the neck, and meets on the
middle of the back, the upper half of which is also
white: sides of the head and neck, lower part of
the back, wings, and tail brownish black: breast,
belly, and vent dirty white, barred transversely
with dusky, which is the colour of the chin: legs
black. Is found in Surinam.
156
RED-THROATED WOODPECKER.
(Picus rubidicollis. )
P. niger versicolor, fronte uropygioque albis, corpore subtus coc-
cinets, lateribus flavescentibus. :
Changeable black Woodpecker, with the forehead and rump
white ; body beneath crimson, and sides yellowish. _
Picus rubidicollis. Veil. Ors. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 63.
Le Pic a gorge rougeatre. Vieil. Ors. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 63.
117. ‘ |
Ficurep by Monsieur Vieillot, in his splendid.
work on the North American birds, as a native of
St. Domingo: it is eight inches and a half in
length: head, neck, and upper parts of the body
black, changing in certain positions of light to
blue and green: forehead, rump, and upper tail-
coverts white: the whole of the under parts of a
most beautiful crimson, except the sides of the
abdomen and neck, which are yellowish, the latter
with a few black spots : legs and beak lead-colour :
female grey and brown below, in other respects -
similar to the male.
CHILI WOODPECKER.
(Picus lignarius.)
P. pileo coccineo, corpore albo ceeruleoque vittato.
Woodpecker with a scarlet crown, body banded with blue and
white. ,
Picus lignarius. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 424.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
224. 2. | |
Chili Woodpecker. Lath. Sup. II. 140. 1.
Turis bird, which is an inhabitant of Chili, is not
quite as large as a Blackbird; the crown has a
red crest, and the body is banded with blue and
white: bill very strong, and it is not only enabled
by means of it to make holes in decayed trees, but
likewise in sound ones, in which it makes its nest,
158
PILEATED WOODPECKER.
(Picus pileatus )
P. niger, crista rubra, temporibus alisque maculis ea gula
lutescente.
Black Woodpecker, with a red crest, temples and wings with
white spots; throat yellowish.
Picus pileatus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 173. 5 seal Syst. Nat. }.
425,.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.225. 4.—Vieil. Ois. de gies Sept.
2. 58.
Picus virginianus pileatus. Briss. 4, 29. 10.
Pic noir a huppé rouge. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ots. 7. 48.—Vieil.
Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 58, 110. |
Pic noir huppé de la Louisiane. Buff. Pl. Enl. 718. as
Pileated Woodpecker. Pen. Arc. Zool. 2. wae —Lath. Gen.
Syn. 2. 554. 3.—Lath.. Sup. 105.
*
Tuis bird is in length fifteen inches: beak two
inches long, and of a lead-colour; irides golden:
top of the head crowned with long red feathers ;
beneath which, over the eye, there is a streak of
white, and below this is a broad black one, in
which the eyes are placed: on each side of the:
jaw there is a stripe of red reaching the whole a
length of the mandible, and part of the way down. ©
the neck: cheeks, throat, front, and sides of the E
neck pale buff; having a band of black arising at
the corners of the mouth, and passing throughthe —
middle down the sides of the neck: hind part of —
the neck, back, and rump black: belly, sides,
thighs, breast, and under tail-coverts blackish :
wings spotted with white, and a similar coloured
32
7
dy
life
SS
i
(
ME
WY ii
Up
{5
‘
¢5)
PEC
)
WOO!
PILEATED
RED-NECKED WOODPECKER. 159
spot on the back: the two middle tail-feathers
longest: legs and claws black: female differs in
having the forehead brown, and wanting the red
stripe on the lower mandible. This species is
subject to trifling variations in its markings, being
sometimes found striated with white beneath. It
is said to be very injurious to maize, not that it
eats any part of the plant, but it settles on the ripe
ears to pick off the insects that abound there: it
is very common in many parts of North America,
where it is called May May.
RED-NECKED WOODPECKER.
iin, (Picus rubricollis.)
P. fuscus, occtpite cristato, corpore subtus testaceo, capite colloque
coccineis. ’
Brown Woodpecker, with the back part of the head crested,
body beneath testaceous, head and neck crimson.
Picus rubricollis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 426.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
226. 6.
Le Pic 4 cou rouge. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 53.
Grand Pic huppé a téte rouge de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl.612.
Red-necked Woodpecker, Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 558. 5.
Brak pale coloured : head and neck as far as the
breast crimson : back, wings, and tail dark brown ;
with a mixture of dirty white on the wings: the
whole of the under part of a cream-colour: head
crested behind: legs lead-colour: length about
sixteen inches: it is sometimes found of a fulvous
colour underneath, which may be the sexual dis-
tinction. Inhabits Cayenne.
160
RED-BREASTED WOODPECKER.
(Picus ruber.)
P. niger, eaite collo, et pecture coccineis, see alarum longi-
tudinals alba, abdomine medio flavescente-albo. _
Black Woodpecker, with the head, neck, and. breast scarlet, a
longitudinal white spot on the wings, and the middle of the
abdomen yellowish white. :
Picus ruber. Gmel, Syst. ‘Nat. 1. 429.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 228.
10.
Red-breasted Woodpecker, Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 562. 9.—Lath.
Sup. 106. ar ee :
Leneru eight inches and a half: beak an inch
long, and brown: back of the neck varied with
dusky: head, neck, and breast crimson; with a |
buff-coloured line beginning at the nostril and
ending beneath the eye: wings and back black:
most of the lesser wing-coverts tipped with white,
and the greater ones with the outer webs white, -
forming a parallel streak near the edges of the
wing : scapulars with an obscure yellowish spot at
the tip: quills black; the first with round white
spots on the inner web half way from the base;
the rest spotted on both webs with that colour:
under wing-coverts varied with black and white:
middle of the belly dirty yellowish white: sides
the same, mixed with blackish : tail entirely black,
except the middle feather, which has three white
spots on one of the webs: legs black. Said to
inhabit Cayenne.
a
161
YELLOW-BELLIED. WOODPECKER.
(Picus flaviventris. )
P, supra niger; capite, collo, pectoreque rubris; als maculis
albis, ventre flavescente-olivaceo.
Woodpecker above black ; with the head, neck, and breast red ;
wings with white spots, and belly yellowish olive.
Picus flaviventris, Vie2l. Ors. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 67.
Pic a ventre jaune. Vieil. Ois, de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 67.
Tue person who first noticed this bird was the
celebrated Captain Cook, who procured it in Noot-
_ ka Sound, on the north-west coast of America: the
upper parts are black, the wings spotted with
white: the head, neck, and breast are red: abdo-
men yellowish olive, in which circumstance it
principally differs from P. ruber; and from P.
rubricollis in being much smaller, and not above
half, of the length.
Mietx, P. I. ii
162
STRIPED-BELLIED WOODPECKER.
(Picus fasciatus. )
P. fusco-nigricans, vertice loris strigaque submaxillart Ccoccineis,
abdomine albo nigroque striato, rectricibus apice albis.
Brownish-black Woodpecker, with the crown, lore, and a stripe
beneath the jaw scarlet; abdomen striated. with black and
white ; tail-feathers white at the tip.
Picus striatus. Gmel. Syst. Nat, 1. 430.
Picus fasciatus. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 228. 12.
Striped-bellied Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 563. 11.
Tus species, which is in the British Museum,
is rather larger than P. minor, being eight inches
in length: beak one inch, and yellowish: crown’
and nape crimson, as is a stripe beneath the jaw,
and another from the beak to the eye; which last
is bordered with white: back, wings, and tail
black, the tips of the latter white: belly and sides
of the head striated with black and white: legs
black. , ll
ae
Macon
XezO>
(
ii}
{]
‘¢
¢
\
Ue
f
AT
ii)
li
Me
i
B
i
;
3
ea
Poy
=
:
Z
:
"|
)
R-SPC
24)
i
KATIE
RI
G
163
GREATER SPOTTED WOODPECKER.
(Picus major.)
P, albo nigroque varius, crisso occipite rubris.
Woodpecker varied with black and white, vent and be of the.
head red.
Picus major. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.176. 17 Lin. Faun. Suec. 100.
—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 436.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 228. 13.
Picus varius majore. Briss. 4. 34. 13.
L’Epeiche, ou Pic varié, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 57.— Buf.
Pl. Enl. 196. male. 595. female. he
Greater spotted Woodpecker. Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 85.—Pen.
Arct. Zool. 2. 162.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 47.—Id. 8. 3. (ovum.)
—Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 564. 12.—Lath. Sup. 107.—Montague.
Brit. Birds. 2.— Mont. Sup.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 118.
B. albo nigroque varius, crisso pileoque rubris.
Varied with black and white, vent and top of the head red.
Picus medius. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.176. 18.—Lin. Faun. Suec.
101.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 436. —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 229. 14.
Picus varius. Briss, 4. 38. 14. t. oy ae
Pic varié 4 téte rouge. Buff. Pl. Enl. 611.
Middle spotted hi ies Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 86. 37.—Pen.
Arct. Zool. 2. 278. D.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 48.—Lath. Gen.
Syn, 2. 565. 13.—Lath. Sup. os —Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1,
119.— Montague, Brit. Birds. 2
Tue greater and middle spotted Woodpeckers
of authors were formerly considered distinct from
each other, but latterly, as we are informed in the
supplement to the Ornithological Dictionary, they
have been most satisfactorily proved the same, as
a nest was taken with five young, which were
found to be P. medius, just as they were about to
Jeave it, and which were fed and attended to by P.
164 GREATER SPOTTED: WOODPECKER.
major; and from that circumstance we shall con-
sider ourselves authorised to describe them as one
species. oe
_ This bird is in length nine inches: beak an inch
and a quarter long, and dusky: irides reddish
brown : forehead alte ty white: crown black: hind
head deep crimson: cheeks white, beneath which
is a black line from the lower mandible to the
back of the head, from the middle of which an-
other line of the same colour runs down on each
side, and almost meets at the upper part of the
breast: back of the neck with a white spot on
each side: back, rump, lesser’ wing and tail-co-
verts black; scapulars and some of the adjoining
greater coverts white: quills black, with a few
white spots on each web: throat and under parts
dirty white: vent crimson: four middle tail-fea-
thers black, the others more or less white towards
the point, and marked with a few white spots:
legs lead-colour : female wants the red on the hind
head, in all other respects is similar to the male:
young bird, (P. medius of authors, ) differs in hav-
ing the whole crown of the head red, the black
rari: about the head and neck not so long,
the white on the cheeks dusky, and that on the
breast inclining to brown: it is sometimes found
with the head spotted with black.
This bird is not uncommon in woods in England,
France, and most other parts of Europe, and is like-
wise found in Siberia and Astrakan. It is a very
cunning bird ; for when a person has seen one on a
tree, if he be not very attentive, and the tree should
GREATER SPOTTED WOODPECKER. 165
be large, he is sure to lose sight of it, as the mo-
ment it observes any one it creeps behind a branch
till the danger is over. The female seems to be
very careful of her eggs, which are five in number,
very white, and mostly deposited in a hole in a
decayed tree, without any appearance of a nest:
she will suffer herself to be touched with the hand
before she endeavours to escape. It is this spe-
cies which generally makes that jarring noise so
frequently heard in our woods.
166
LESSER SPOTTED WOODPECKER.
os
( Picus minor.)
P. albo nigroque varius, vertice rubro, crisso testaceo.
Woodpecker varied with black and white, crown of the head
red, vent testaceous. __
Picus minor. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.176. 19.—Lin. Faun. Suec. 102.
—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 437.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 229. 15.
Picus varius minor. Briss. 4.41.15. _ :
Le petit Epeiche. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 62.—Buff. Pl. Enl.
598. 1. male. 2. female. #
Lesser spotted Woodpecker. Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 87. 37.—Pen.
Arct. Zool. 2. 278. E.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 49.—Don. Brit.
Birds. 2. 36.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 120.— Montague. Brit.
Birds, 2.—Mont, Sup.—Lath. Gen, Syn. 2. 566. 14.—Lath.
Syn. Sup. 108.—Lath. Syn. Sup. IT, 140.
B. albo nigroque varius, vertice nucha cerviceque MES ES
corpore subtus flavescente nigro-maculato, ba
Varied with black and white, with the crown, top, and sides of
the neck blackish grey ; body beneath yellowish spotted with
black.
Petit pic d’Antigue. ‘Sonner. Voy. 118. 77.
Tuts small species is in length only five inches
anda half: beak lead-coloured : irides red: cheeks
and sides of the neck white, bounded by black
above and below: crown crimson, bounded on
each side with black, which, joining behind, runs
down in a peak on the back of the neck: forehead
dirty white: breast and belly the same: upper
parts of the body black barred with white: scapu-
lars and quills spotted with black and white : lesser
wing-coverts entirely black: four middle tail-fea-
‘' LESSER-SPOTTED WOODPECKER.
natural size.
LESSER SPOTTED WOODPECKER. 167
thers black; the rest more or less tipped with
white, and spotted with black: legs lead-colour :
- female with that part of the head white which in
the male is red: both sexes without the red vent
of the last species.
_ Sonnerat describes a bird taken by him in the
isle of Panay, with the beak black ; the crown of
the head and hind part of the neck greyish black :
with a stripe of white beginning above the eye,
and descending about two-thirds of the way down
the neck ;. below which from the eye to the shoulder
there is angle of black: upper part of the body
black and white: under parts pale yellow spotted
with black: tail above black, beneath barred with
dirty white, and yellowish: legs blackish.
This bird is pretty generally diffused over most
parts of the continents of Europe and Asia. Sa-
ne denies its being found in France, but Buffon
es us it is folind in most of the provinces
there; in England it is rather scarce. It builds
in rotten trees, and often disputes possession with
the Colemouse, which generally yields to the su-
perior strength of its adversary: it lays about five
white eggs, which weigh about thirty-three grains,
and are placed on the rotten wood without any
nest. In the winter it approaches orchards for the
sake of food, as it finds various insects on the
trunks of the trees. It is known by the names of
Hickwall and Crankbird. :
168
SPOTTED-BELLIED WOODPECKER.
(Picus varius.)
P. albo nigroque varius, vertice rubro, crisso albo, fusco fasciato.
_ Woodpecker varied with black and white; top of the head red;
vent white, barred with fuscous.
Picus varius. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 176. 20.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.
438.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.232. 21.—Vieil. Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept.
2. 63.
Le pic varié de la Caroline. Buff. Hist. Nat. ig 7.97.—Buf.
Pl. Enl. 785.
Le Pic macule. Vieil. Ois. de L’ Amer. Septe: 2. 63. 118.
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 166. = faih:
Gen, Syn. 2. 574. 20.—Lath, Sup. 109.
In length near eight inches: beak one inch,
and lead-coloured: crown red, bordered with,
black : saine parts of the head pale yelon ngee
over the eyes: from the base of the beak to Mie
back of the head runs a black line, which passes
through the eyes; beneath which is another one
of pale yellow, beginning at the nostrils and ending
on the sides of the neck; there is‘also a fourth
band, which commences at the base of the under
mandible, and bends towards the fore-part of the
neck, where it blends with the black on that part:
throat red: fore-part of the neck and breast black
bordered with yellow: sides, thighs, and under
tail-coverts white, barred transversely with brown :
abdomen light yellow varied with black: body
above variegated with black and white: two mid-
SPOTTED-BELLIED WOODPECKER. 169
dle tail-feathers black, spotted with white: two
next on each side black, and the outer ones black,
spotted on the inner webs with white at the tip:
legs blackish: claws the same: female without
the red on the head; and the yellow markings on
that part and the neck of the male are white in
her. The young bird has the feathers of the
head of a yellowish grey, bordered with darker
colour: the rump varied with black and white;
the wings less spotted at the tips, and the abdomen
‘yellowish. Inhabits the same places as P. pubes-
cens, and is equally destructive to orchards: it is
called at Hudson’s Bay by the name of Mekisewe
Paupastaow. | " |
170
LITTLE WOODPECKER.
(Picus pubescens.)
P. albo nigroque varius, subtus griseo albus, rectrice extima nigra
macults quatuor albis.
Woodpecker varied with black and white, beneath greyish
white ; outer tail-feather black, with four white spots.
Picus pubescens. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 175. 15.—Gmel, Syst. Nat.
1. 435.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1, 232. 20.—Vieil. Ois, de L’ Amer.
Sent..2. 65, | Lee,
Picus varius virginianus minor. Briss. 4. 50. 18. wal
Petit Pic varié de Virginie. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 76.
Le Pic minule. Veil. Ois, de L? Amer. Sept. 2. 65. 121.
Downy Woodpecker. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 163.
Little Woodpecker, Lath. Gen. Syn, 2. 573. 19.—Lath. Sup.
109.
Tuts most destructive and minute species of
Woodpecker is very similar in appearance to P.
villosus, and might be easily mistaken for that
bird were it not much less, being only five inches
and a half in length: beak three quarters of an
inch long, and horn-coloured: top of the head.
black ; above the eye on each side is a white line:
hind parts of the head red : upper parts of the body
black; with a similar line of white to that of the
last passing down the back: greater wing-coverts
and quills spotted with white: under parts of the
body pale grey: tail black; the four middie fea-
thers plain ; the rest barred with white and black :
legs and claws black: female has the back of the
head white instead of red. |
HAIRY WOODPECKER. 171
This species inhabits Virginia, Carolina, and
New Jersey, where it is reckoned extremely dan-
gerous to orchards, as when it has pecked one hole
ii a tree it makes another in a horizontal direction
Close to the first, till it has made a complete circle
round the tree, which generally kills it.
HAIRY WOODPECKER.
(Picus villosus. )
P. albo nigroque varius, subtus albus, dorso longitudinahter sub-
willoso, rectricibus extimis toto albis.
Woodpecker varied with black and white; beneath white ; back
downy ; outer tail-feathers entirely white.
Picus villosus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.175. 16.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.
435.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 232, 19.— Vieil. Ors. de L’ Amer. Sept.
2. 64.-
Picas varius virginianus. Briss, 4. 48. 17.
Pic chevelu de Virginie. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois.7. 74.
Pic au chevelu. Viel. Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 64. 120.
Pic varié male de Virginie. Buff. Pl. Enl. 754.
Hairy Woodpecker, Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 164.—Lewin. Br. Birds.
2. 50.— Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 572. 18.— Lath. Sup. 108.
Tuts species is rather less than the large spotted
Woodpecker, and is about eight inches and three
quarters in length: beak an inch and a quarter long,
and horn-coloured: head black; with two white
streaks on each side, one over the eye, the other
along the under jaw, and both arising from the
base of the bill: across the back of the head is a
red band: upper parts of the body black, divided
172 HAIRY WOODPECKER.
with a list of white hair like feathers down the
middle: wings spotted with white: under parts
of the body entirely white: four middle tail-fea-
thers black; the rest on each side marked ob-
liquely with white at the tip; the last but one
- white, with a black base ; outer one wholly white :
legs and claws grey brown: female without the
red on the head.
Inhabits Carolina, Virginia, Canada, and like-
wise the north of England, where it is not very
uncommon. Dr. Latham mentions having seen a
pair in the collection of the Duchess of Portland,
which were shot near Halifax in Yorkshire, and
which agreed in évery respect with the American
ones : is also very common at Hudson’s Bay, where
it is called Paupastaow. It is said to be very
destructive to apple-trees by pecking holes in
them.
173°.
e
CANADA SPOTTED WOODPECKER. ©
( Picus Canadensis, )
P. albo nigroque varius, corpore subtus dorsoque medio albo, nucha
Suloa, rectricibus duabus intermediis nigris immaculatis, duabus
extimis albis basi nigris. 3 )
Woodpecker varied with black and white; body beneath and
middle of the back white ; top of the neck fulvous; the two
middle tail-feathers black and immaculate; two outer ones
white, black at the base.
Picus Canadensis. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 230. 17.—Gmel, Syst.
Nat. 1. 437.
Picus varius Canadensis. Briss. 4. 45. 16. t. 2. f. 2.
L’Epeiche du Canada, Buff: Hist. Nat. O1s. 7. 69.—Buff. Pl.
Enl. 345. 1.
Canada Spotted Woodpecker, Pen, Arct. Zool. 2. 163.—Lath.
Ind. Orn, 2. 569. 16.
-Asour the size of a Blackbird: length nine
inches: beak horn-coloured, one inch and a quar-
ter in length: head black: forehead dirty white :
on each side is a broad white band passing above
the eyes, and joining another orange-coloured one
on the back of the head: there is a white mark
beneath the eyes, which gets broader as it proceeds
downwards on the sides of the neck: upper parts
of the body black, varied with white in the middle
of the back: under parts whitish: wing-coverts
and quills spotted with white: two middle tail-
feathers black: the next with a dirty white spot
near the tip; the three outer ones obliquely tipped
with white ; the two outmost ones entirely white,
except the base: legs grey-brown: female without
the orange spot on the back of the head. Inhabits
Canada.
“174
NORTHERN WOODPECKER.
(Picus borealis.)
P. supra niger, subtus albus; occipite rufo, pone oculis macula
alba.
Woodpecker above black, below white; hind head red, with a
white spot behind the eyes. _
Picus borealis. Vieil. Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 66.
Le Pic boreal. Vieil. Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 66. 122.
Turis bird is found in the north of the United’
States of America, and is about seven inches in
length: beak and feet black: irides red: the
whole of the upper parts of the body, with the
upper tail-coverts and quills black, spotted with
dusky; the wing-coverts likewise black, and
spotted with white: the four exterior tail-feathers
white varied with black; the rest entirely of the
latter colour: hind head with a narrow red band,
and a large white spot reaching from thence to
the eyes, below which is a black line which ex-
tends to the under mandible: the feathers at the
base of the beak, throat, front of the neck, breast,
and abdomen whitish, the latter spotted with
black: it has a great affinity to the Canada Spotted
Woodpecker.
175
VARIED WOODPECKER.
(Picus tricolor.)
P. niger, striis transversis albis, pectore abdomineque rubris.
Black Woodpecker, with transverse white strize; breast and
abdomen red.
Picus tricolor. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 437.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
230. 16.
Picus varius mexicanus major. Briss. 4.57. 21.
Picus varius mexicanus minor. Briss. 4. 59. 22.
L’Epeiche du mexique. Buff. Hist. Nat. Os. 7. 70.
Varied Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 568. 15.
Lenetu of this species about nine inches: beak
one inch, and white: head, upper part of the neck,
back, rump, upper tail-coverts and quills of a most
beautiful black, varied with white: body beneath
white; reddish on the breast and abdomen: a
whitish line above the eye: wings reaching nearly
to the middle of the tail, which is black, and about
four inches in length. Said to inhabit the colder
parts of Mexico.
176
CARDINAL WOODPECKER.
- (Pieus Cardinalis.)
P. albo nigroque varius, subtus albus maculis oblongis mgris,
lateribus colli vitta utringue alba, vertice nuchaque rubris.
Woodpecker varied with black and white; beneath white with
oblong black spots ; both sides of the neck with a white stripe ;
crown and top of the neck red.
Picus Cardinalis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 438.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
233. 23. 3
Pic Cardinal de Lucon, Son. Voy. 72.35.
Le grand Pic varié de Lugon. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 67.
Cardinal Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 576. 22.
Lrnetu about thirteen inches: beak blackish :
crown and hind part of the head bright red; a
white stripe reaching from the eyes to the wings:
throat, breast, and belly white, marked with longi-
tudinal black spots: sides and back of the neck
with the back and wing-coverts black, the feathers
fringed with white: quills and tail black, with
yellow shafts; primary quills spotted with yellow
on the edges, secondaries transversely barred with
white: tail spotted: legs blackish. Inhabits the
Island of Luzonia: described by Sonnerat.
177
MAHRATTA WOODPECKER.
(Picus Mahrattensis. )
P. niger albo varius, subtus fuscus maculatus, uropygiv albo, ab-
domine medio rubro.
Black Woodpecker varied with white, beneath spotted with
brown; rump white; abdomen red in the middle.
Picus Mahrattensis. Lath. Syn. Sup. II, XXXI. 3.
Mahratta Woodpecker, Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 142.7.
Tuts bird, which is preserved in the British
Museum, is rather larger than P. minor: the head
is yellow brown: white on each side the nape:
upper parts of the body black, spotted with white:
the chin and all the under parts pale brown, with
~ darker streaks down the middle of each feather :
middle of the belly red: rump white: quills and
tail black, spotted with white: the outer tail-fea-
ther with three white spots: said to have been
- brought from the Mahratta country in India.
Me |
Ay
es ae
1k. P. I. 1g
178
BROWN WOODPECKER.
(Picus moluccensis.)
P, fusco-nmigricans albo undatus, subtus albidus fusco sagittatus,
crisso albo, remigibus rectrictbusque albo maculatis.
Blackish-brown Woodpecker, waved with white; beneath whitish,
sprinkled with brown; vent white; quills and tail-feathers
spotted with white.
Picus moluccensis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 439.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 233, 25. | | ve a
Petit Epeiche brun des Moluques. Buff: Hist. Nat..Ois. 7. 68.
Petit Pic des Moluques. Buff. Pl. Enl. 748. 2.
Brown Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn..2. 577. 24.—Lath. Sup.
109.
LenetTH five inches: beak pale: sides of the
head white; crown and a spot beneath the eye
brown: upper parts of the body brownish black,
undulated with white: beneath whitish, sprinkled
with brown : quills spotted with white : vent white :
tail-feathers brown, with three white spots on both
webs: legs blueish. Inhabits the Molucca Islands
and India.
CRIMSON-RUMPED WOODPECKER.
(Picus Goertan.)
P. supra griseo fuscus, subtus griseo-flavicans, vertice wropygioque
coccinets. —
Woodpecker above of a grey brown; beneath greyish mene j
crown and rump crimson.
Picus Goertan. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 434.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
236. 32.
Pic Goertan du Senegal. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 725.—Buff. Pl.
Enl. 320.
Crimson-rumped AV dadbeckee: Lath, Gen. Syn. 2. 583. 29.
Tuts species, which is known at Senegal by the
name Goértan, is much smaller than P. viridis:
the beak is lead-coloured: the crown crimson:
upper-parts of the body grey brown with a green
tinge, spotted on the wings with dirty white:
under parts dirty yellow: rump red: legs lead-
coloured. |
180
NUBIAN WOODPECKER.
(Picus nubicus.)
P. fusco albo rufogque undato-maculatus, vertice nigro albo punc-
tato, occipite cristato rubro, collo pectoreque albidis nigro
guttatis,
Spotted Woodpecker waved with brown, white, and rufous;
crown black, spotted with white ; hind head with a red crest ;
neck and breast whitish, with black tear-shaped spots.
Picus nubicus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 439.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
233. 24.
Epeiche de Nubie ondé et tacheté. Buff. Hist. Nat. O1s. 7.
66.—Buff: Pl. Enl. 667.
Nubian Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 576. 23.
Tue Nubian Woodpecker is in length seven
inches and a half: beak black : irides pale brown:
crown black, spotted with white: back of the
head crimson, slightly crested: forehead brown-
ish: from that to the eye, with the chin, whitish:
the rest of the neck and breast the same, marked
with tear-shaped black spots: the upper parts of
the body beautifully variegated with brown, ru-
fous, and white: thighs and vent whitish: tail
barred with rufous and brown: legs blue. In-
habits the deserts of Nubia.
181
GREY WOODPECKER,
(Picus griseus. )
P. pileo rubescente, gula genisque rubro variis ; rectricibus duabus
intermedits et extimis albo nigroque variis, reliquis nigris.
Woodpecker with a reddish crown; throat and cheeks varied
with red; the two middle tail-feathers and the most out-
ward one varied with black and white, the rest black.
Picus griseus. Vieil. Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 62.
Picus Carolinus. y. Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 231. 18.
L’Epeiche raye de la Louisiane, Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 7.73.—
Buff. Pl. Enl. 692. female. Vieil. Ois. de L? Amer. Sept. 2.
62. 116.
Carolina Woodpecker.. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 571. 17. B.
Inuasits Louisiana, and.is about the size of
the Greater spotted Woodpecker: beak blackish:
upper part of the head dull red; with a slight
trace of that colour on the throat, and beneath
the eyes: prevailing colour black above, with
white stripes; and greyish white beneath: the
two middle and two outer tail-feathers black
and white mixed; the rest dull black: female
with a grey forehead, and the back of the neck
yellow.
182
CAROLINA WOODPECKER. ‘
(Picus carolinus. )
P. pileo nuchaque rubris, dorso fasciis nigris, rectricibus medits
nigro punctatis.
Woodpecker with the top of the fia and upper part of the
neck red ; back with black bands; middle tail-feathers spotted
with black.
Picus carolinus, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 174..10.—Gmel, Syst. Nat.
1, 431.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 231. 18.
Picus varius jamaicensis. Briss. 4. 59. 23.
Pic varié de la Jamaique. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 72.—Buff.
Pl. Eni. 597. female. " . |
Carolina Woodpecker. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 161.—Lath. Gen.
Syn. 2. 570. 17.
~ Larcer than P. major: beak black, an inch and
a half in length: irides hazel: the crown of the
head and upper part of the neck behind bright
red: cheeks yellowish white: throat and fore-
part of the neck dirty olive, which as it approaches
the abdomen becomes red: lower’part of the belly
and thighs marked with transverse brown lines:
upper parts of the body black, with narrow trans-
verse whitish lines: tail black; the exterior fea-
ther dotted with white on the outer edge: legs
and claws black: female has that part of the head
rufous white which in the male is red. This bird
appears to vary in a few particulars, as in some
specimens the forehead and cheeks, in both sexes,
have been pale buff; the belly, instead of being
red, had only a pale yellowish-brown tinge; and
it
4 heats
chin TES
re ant
4 Se ’
Wea 4
TAS 5.5
vy
DET |
re j 5; rt ¥ i y LZ Fy eS
GREEN WoOODPECKER.
GREEN WOODPECKER. 183
the two middle tail-feathers barred with white on
each web, the next only on the outer, and the
- outmost dotted with white the whole length of the
exterior margin. This bird is said to feed on
she capsicum when there is a deficiency of insect
food; and to be very common in the woods of
Lanslina and Jamaica.
GREEN WOODPECKER.
( Picus viridis. )
P. viridis, vertice cor cineo.
Green Woodpecker, with a scarlet crown.
Picus viridis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 175.12. —Lin. Faun. Suec. gg.
Gmel. Syst. Nab. 1. 433.—Briss. 4. 9. 1.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
234. 27.
Pic verd. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois..7. se 1.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 371.
~ male. ‘879. female.
en Woodpecker. Pen. Brit. Zool, 1. 84.—Pen. Arct. Zool.
2.277. B. Albin. 1.18.—Phil. Trans. 29. 350. 1.—Lewin.
Brit. Birds, 2. 51. 8. 54. (ovum.)—Mont. Brit. Birds. 2.—
Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 116.—Don. Brit. Birds, 2.—Lath.
Gen. Syn. 2. 577.15.—Lath, Sup. 110.
Tue Green Woodpecker is in length thirteen
inches : beak two inches, dusky, and triangular:
irides white, with two circles, the inner one red-
dish: crown of the head crimson; the feathers
tipped with ash-colour: eyes surrounded with
black; beneath which, in the male is a crimson
spot bordered with black, in the female wholly
black: neck, back, lesser wing-coverts and sca-
pulars, green: rump pale yellow: quills dusky,
184 _ GREEN WOODPECKER.
spotted with whitish; beneath greenish white;
lesser coverts deeply bordered with green: under
parts of the body pale yellow green: tail barred
with dusky and green, all but the outer feathers
tipped with black: legs ash-coloured: claws much
hooked: young bird with a slight appearance of
crimson on its head. This bird is sometimes
found entirely of a pale straw-colour, except the
crown, which is faintly marked with red.
This species is not uncommon in the woody
parts of England, and also most parts of Europe:
its food consists entirely of insects; which it pro-
cures out of rotten trees: it is very fond of ants,
and may be often seen on the ground attacking
the nests of that insect; and as the ants commonly
reside a few inches below the surface, the bird is
obliged to make a breach in the nest with its beak
and feet, to force them out, when it makes a
hearty meal, using its tongue in the manner of t
Wryneck: it also commits great ravages amongst
bees in the winter.
This bird generally fixes its residence about
twenty feet from the ground, preferring the aspin
to any other tree, which the male and female al-
ternately bore till they have made a hole of great
depth to secure their eggs, which are four or five
in number, white, and placed on the rotten wood
without any nest. The holes they make in the —
trees are as perfect circles as if they were made
with a pair of compasses. It is very curious to
observe them try all parts of a dead branch until
they find the most sonorous, when the strokes are
BENGAL WOODPECKER. a
BENGAL WOODPECKER. 185
reiterated with such velocity, that the head scarcely
seems to move, and the sound may be heard
distinctly for half a mile. It is called in different
parts of England by the various names of Wood-
spite, Rainfowl*, Highhoe, Hewhole, Awl-bird,
Peck-a-tree, Yappingale, Yaffler, Woodwall, and
Poppinjay ; and has a very harsh note.
BENGAL WOODPECKER.
(Picus bengalensis.)
P, viridis, crista rubra, nucha.nigra, fronte et jugulo albo ni-
groque vario, corpore subtus albo.
Green Woodpecker, with a red crest ; top of the neck black;
forehead and jugulum varied with black and white ; body be-
neath white.
Picus bengalensis. Lin. ‘Syst. Nat. 1. 175. 13.—Gmel. Syst.
_ Nat. 1. 433.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 235. 29.—Briss. 4. 14. 2.
Le Pic verd de Bengale. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois.7.23.—Buff. Pl.
Enl. 695.
Bengal Woodpecker. Albin. 3, 22.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 580.
26.
Spotted Indian Woodpecker. Edw. 182.
A most beautiful species, and native of Bengal
and Ceylon: is in length about eight inches and
a half: the beak one inch and a half, and black-
ish: crown black, spotted with white: back of the
head with a long crimson crest: -sides of the head
beneath the eye white, from whence a white line
* It has the name of Rain-fowl, from the notion that it makes
most noise before rain.
186 BENGAL WOODPECKER.
passes down the neck ; the hind part of which i is
black, and the She pasi and throat, black an
white mixed: breast, upper part of the belly, and
sides, white; the feathers margined with brown:
lower part of the belly, thighe and vent, white:
upper part of the back yellow; lower dull green:
under and upper lesser wing-coverts deep brown,
spotted with white; the rest of the wing green,
spotted with lighter green: quills black, striated
with white: tail greenish black: legs and claws
blackish.
This bird is subject to a slight variation, eit
sometimes found with the white spots on the head
more numerous; and having that part of the back
black, which in the former is yellowish, and the
middle, with the upper and under lesser wing-
coverts of a fine red: throat, breast, and greater
quills brown, the latter spotted with white: tail
brown: most probably the opposite sex.
GOA WOODPECKER.
187
GOA WOODPECKER.
_ (Picus goensis.)
P. viridis subcristatus, pileo coccineo, corpore subtus albido nig'ro
undato, temporibus vitta alba, lateribus colli striga nigra.
Green Woodpecker, slightly crested; top of the head crimson;
body beneath white, waved with black ; temples with a white
stripe, sides of the neck with a black one.
Picus goensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.484.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
235. 28.
Pic vert de Goa. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ow. 7. 22.—Buff. Pl, Enl.
eon. , .
Goa Woodpecker. Lath, Gen. Syn. 2. 582. 27.
Tuts bird, which is described by Buffon, is
rather less than P. viridis, to which it has a great
affinity: beak black: back of the head bradtod: and
with the crown crimson: there is a white stripe
bordering the crimson on the sides of the head,
which gets wider as it passes onwards to the neck:
from the eye there is also a band of the same
colour, which passing downwards in a zigzag
manner, reaches over the wings, the lesser coverts
- of which are black; and the other part of the
wings is a bright yellow, ending on the secondaries
in a greenish yellow: primaries varied with black
‘and white: body beneath whitish, the feathers
edged with black: tail black: legs lead-colour.
Inhabits Goa, and is very like P. bengalensis.
188
GREY-HEADED GREEN WOODPECKER.
(Picus norvegicus. )
P, ceruleo-viridis, capite collo corporeque subtus cinerets, uro-
pygio luteo, loris mystacibusque nigris.
Blue-green Woodpecker, with the head, wane and body be-
neath ash-colour ; rump yellow.
Picus norvegicus. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 236. 33.
Picus canus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 434.
Picus viridis norvegicus. Briss. 4,18. 4.
Grey-headed Green Woodpecker. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 277.
Edw. Birds. 1. 65.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 585. 30.
Tue grey-headed Green Woodpecker is said by
Edwards to be about the size of P. viridis; and to
have the beak of a dull ash-colour, with the base
yellowish: head and hind part of the neck ash-
colour: the forehead marked -with four or five
obscure red spots: from the corners of the mouth
a black, whisker-like mark: throat whitish ; from
thence to the vent cinereous, with a mixture of
green: back and scapulars blue green: wing-
coverts yellowish green: quills dark brown with
yellow spots: rump yellow: tail brown, barred
with transverse dusky lines; its coverts dull green:
legs and claws black. Inhabits Norway. }
189
MANILLA GREEN WOODPECKER.
(Picus manillensis.)
P. sordideswiridis, vertice grisea maculato, tectricibus caude su-
perioribus rubris, remigibus rectricibusque nigricantibus,
Dull-green Woodpecker, with the crown grey spotted, upper
tail-coverts red, quills and tail-feathers blackish.
Picus manillensis, Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 434.—Lath. Ind, Orn.
1, 236. 31. 7 |
Le Pic verd de l’isle de Lucon. Son. Voy. 73. 36.
Manilla Green Woodpecker. Lath, Gen, Syn, 2.583. 28.
Axout eleven inches in length: beak blackish :
top of the head spotted with grey: prevailing co-
lour of the body dirty green: quills and tail black:
the upper coverts of the latter bright red: legs
blackish: said by Sonnerat to inhabit Luzonia.
190
PHILIPPINE WOODPECKER.
(Picus Philippinarum. )
P. fusco-viridis cristatus, subtus albo nigroque maculatus, uropygio
rubro, rectricibus maculis duabus albis. )
Brown-green crested Woodpecker, beneath spotted with black
and white; rump red; tail-feathers with two white spots.
Picus.Philippinarum. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 236. 30.
Palalaca, ou Pic vert tacheté des Philippines. Buff: Hist, Nat.
O15. 7,/ 21s
Pic verd des Philippines. Buff. Pl. Enl. 691.
Bengal Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 1. 581. B.
Axsourt eleven inches.in length: beak black:
irides red: head crested: the throat, fore-part of
the neck, breast, and belly white; each feather
margined with black : upper tail-coverts of a bright
red: tail black brown, with a white spot on each
web, forming a band of that colour when the tail
is extended: rest of the body ofa shining brown:
legs black.
Called Palalaca by the natives of Laden of
which place it is an inhabitant: it is said to make
a great noise with its beak, so as to be heard above
a quarter of a mile distance.
‘
y
§
YELLOW-HEADED WOODPECKER.
191
YELLOW-HEADED WOODPECKER.
(Picus icterocephalus. )
P. subcristatus olivaceo-fuscus, subtus albo maculatus, capite col-
loque flavis, pileo rubro.
Olive-brown Woodpecker, with a slight.crest, treneuth spotted
with white ; head and neck yellow ; crown red.
Picus chlorocephalus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 432.
Picus icterocephalus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 241. 49.
Petit Pic 4 gorge ine Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7.37.—Buff, Pl.
Enl, 784.
Yellow-headed Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 595. 46.
LenetuH about seven inches: beak lead-colour :
head and neck yellow: top of the head crimson,
the feathers lengthened into a crest: on the side
of the head is a ighilpe of the same colour: pr evail-
ing colour olive brown: the under parts spotted
with white, but more thickly so near the crest:
legs lead-colour. This bird is occasionally found
with the chin and throat spotted with pale red:
the under parts ne om thence to the vent dusky
white, striated with transverse irregular brownish
streaks. This fine species is an inhabitant of
Guiana and Cayenne. |
192
MALACCA WOODPECKER. —
(Picus malaccensis. )
P. cristatus, pileo humerisque coceineis, gula juguloque rufo flavis;
corpore subtus albo nigroque fasciato, cauda nigra.
Crested Woodpecker, with the crown and shoulders crimson;
the throat and jugulum reddish yellow; body beneath barred
with black and. white, and the tail black.
Picus malaccensis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.241. 51.
Le Pic de Malacca. Son. Voy. Ind. 2. 211.
Malacca Woodpecker. Lath. Syn. Sup. 111.
Descrisep by Sonnerat in his Voyage to India,
who says it is a native of Malacca: it is less than
P. viridis: beak black: irides red: crown dull
crimson, and slightly crested: throat and fore-
parts of the neck rufous yellow: breast, belly, and
vent rufous white, striated with black bands: the
back dirty reddish grey: lesser wing-coverts crim-
son: quills dusky red on the outer, and brown
with white spots on the inner webs: rump green-
ish yellow, with black bands: tail black ; the fea-
thers very ai and the shafts prominent: legs
black.
1193
ENCENADA WOODPECKER.
(Picus variegatus.)
P. capite subcristato, lateribus rubro notato, corpore supra trans=
versim subtus longitudinaliter fusco alboque vario, genis albis.
Woodpecker with a slightly crested head, spotted on the sides
with red; body above transversely, beneath longitudinally
- varied with fuscous and white; cheeks white.
Picus variegatus, Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 233. 22.
Picus bicolor. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 438.
Pic varie de la Encenada. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7.74.—Buff:
Pl, Enl. 748. f. 1. mas,
Encenada Woodpecker. Lath, Gen. Syn. 2. 575. 21.
Turis is one of the most beautiful of the Wood-
pecker tribe, and is in length about six inches:
beak lead-coloured: irides white: prevailing co-
lours grey brown and white, irregularly blended
together, mixed transversely on the upper part,
and perpendicularly on the under: head slightly
crested, and varied with crimson on the sides,
which are white, and incline to brown beneath
the eye: quills brown, spotted with white: legs
lead-coloured: female with the whole of the head
brown, and without the crest.
V. IX. P. I. | 13
194
RED-RUMPED WOODPECKER.
(Picus capensis. )
P. griseus, collo pectore dorsoque fusco-olivaceis, cauda nigra,
tectricibus uropygioque rubris,
Grey Woodpecker, with the neck, breast, and back brown-olive ;
tail black; the coverts of the tail and the rump red.
Picus capensis. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 430.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1.
237, 37.
Pic a tcte grise du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff. Hist, Nat.
Ois. 7. 26.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 786. f. 2.
Cape Woodpecker. Lath. Gen, Syn. 2. Ay 34.
Beak lead-colour : back, neck, and eal olive-
brown ; the rest of the plumage deep grey, lightest
on the ‘heads quills dusky : rump and upper tail-
coverts red: tail black: legs lead-coloured. The
supposed opposite sex has the beak black: head,
neck, and under parts pale grey: back and wings
olive brown: crown, rump, and belly crimson:
tail dusky: legs black. Is found at the Cape of
Good Hope and Abyssinia, in which latter plac
it is called Wye-wa. aes
195
ORANGE WOODPECKER.
(Picus aurantius. )
P. supra aurantius, nucha uropygio rectricibusque nigris.
Woodpecker above orange, with the hinder part of the neck,
rump, and tail-feathers black.
P. aurantius. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 174. 8.—Gmel. 7 BUR Nat, 1.
430.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 237. 35.
Picus capitis Bone Spei. Bris. 4. 78. 3.t. 6. fi 1.
Pic du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ots. 7. 24.
Orange Woodpecker. Lath, Gen. Syn. 2. 585. 32.
Tuts beautiful bird, which is a native of the
Cape of Good Hope, is in length ten inches and a
half: beak one inch and a half, and lead-coloured :
crown and back of the head red; the feathers long
-and narrow: from the eye to the hind head on
each side is a stripe of white, and another from
the nostrils passing beneath the eye and down the
sides of the neck; the hind part and sides of
which are blackish: the cheeks, throat, and fore-
part of the neck dirty grey, with the margins of
each feather blackish: scapulars of a gilded green,
with an orange tinge: upper part of the back of
a fine golden orange; lower part with the rump
and upper tail-coverts blackish: wing-coverts
blackish brown; some of them with a dirty grey
spot on the tips; and the greater ones nearest the
body gilded olive, some of them spotted in a si-
milar way, but those farthest from the body plain
brown: quills dark brown; most of them spotted
196 ~ LESSER BLACK WOODPECKER.
with dirty white: breast, belly, sides, thighs, and
under tail-coverts dirty white, the feathers mar-
gined with brown, except those of the tail-coverts,
which are blackish ; there is also a transverse stripe
of black on the oer tail black: Jegs and claws
pale lead-colour.
LESSER BLACK WOODPECKER.
_ (Picus hirundinaceus. )
P. niger, occipite cristato rubro, humeris albido punctatis, abdomine
anferiore albo. 3
Black Woodpecker, with the hinder - of the head crested
and red; shoulders spotted with yee lower part of the
abdomen white. y
Picus hirundinaceus. Lath. Syst. Nat. 1. 174. 5.—Gmel, Syst.
Nat, 1. 426.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 227. 8
Picus flavipes. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 438.
Le petit Pic noir de Cayenné, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 54.—
Buff. Pl. Enl. 694. 2. it
Yellow-legged Woodpecker. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 167.
Lesser Black Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 559. 7.
Tuts variable species is in length about seven
inches: beak an inch and a quarter, and brown:
irides whitish: general colour black: hind head
red: edges of the wings and lower part of the
belly white: legs yellowish: claws black: one
mentioned by Buffon differs in some respects from >
the above, having a white line above the eye, and
towards the back of the head a few yellowish —
spots: down the middle of the head a dash of red:
LESSER BLACK WOODPECKER. 197
belly and sides black and grey mixed: lower part
of the back and rump as in the first variety; the
whole of the rest black, with a blueish gloss:
female wants the red and yellow on the head en-
tirely: there is a variety also that has not the red
spot on the head, but instead thereof has a circle
of yellow.
— Dr. Latham mentions a still more curious va-
riety, which is rather larger in size, having a red
spot on the crown of the head, with a white mark
on each side, in which the eye is placed: hind
head golden: middle of the breast and sides dark
crimson vent barred with black and white: wings
and tail black ; some of the secondary quills tipped
with white at the very extremity: female has the
head entirely black, except a narrow line of white
over the eyes. Inhabits North. America and
Cayenne.
198
GOLD-BACKED WOODPECKER.
(Picus senegalensis.)
P. fronte genisque fuscis, pileo rubro, dorso remigibusque Sulvo-
aureis, corpore subtus griseo fusco alboque undulato,
Woodpecker with the forehead and cheeks brown; crown red ;
back and quills fulvous gold; body beneath grey, waved eh
brown and white.
P. senegalensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.430.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
237. 30.
Le petit Pic du Senegal. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 25.—Buff.
Pl, Enl. 345. f. 2.
Gold-backed Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 586. 33.
Tut Gold-backed Woodpecker is very little
longer than a Sparrow: beak dusky: crown red:
forehead and sides brown: quills and back of a
golden fulvous yellow: the under parts of the
body transversely waved with grey brown and dull
white: coverts and rump greenish: the tail-fea-
thers black, all except the two middle ones spotted
with yellow: legs dusky. Is an inhabitant of
Senegal, :
199
RAYED WOODPECKER.
( Picus striatus.)
P. niger olivaceo striatus, subtus olivaceus, vertice occipite uropy-
gioque rubris, collo subtus pectoreque griseo-fuscis.
Black Woodpecker striated with olive, beneath olivaceous;
crown, hind head, and rump red; lower part of the neck and
breast brownish grey.
Picus striatus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 427.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
238. 39.—Viel. Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 61.
Picus dominicensis striatus. Briss. 4. 65. 25.t.4.f. 1.
Pic rayé de St. Domingue. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7.27.—Buff.
Pl, Enl. 281. 614.—Vieil. Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2.61. 114.
Rayed Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 587. 36.
In length eight inches and three quarters : beak
horn-coloured : crown and back of the head red:
forehead, cheeks, and throat grey: upper parts of
the body black, striated transversely with olive:
fore-part of the neck, breast, and under wing-
coverts grey brown: belly, sides, thighs, and under
tail-coverts olive: quills blackish, spotted on the
outer webs with yellow, and on the inner with
whitish: tail black; the two outer feathers edged
with grey ; beneath olive: legs and claws blackish :
female rather less; the top of the head black: in
other respects the plumage is similar to the male.
Inhabits St. Domingo.
200
PASSERINE WOODPECKER.
(Picus passerinus.)
P. olivaceo-flavicans, subtus fusco candicanteque fasciatus, capite
supra rubro. 7
Yellowish-olive Woodpecker, beneath barred with brown and
whitish ; upper part of the head red.
Picus passerinus, Lin. Syst. Nat.1. 174. 6.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1.427.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 238. 40. —Vieil. Ois. de L’ Amer.
Sept. 2. 61.
Picus dominicensis minor, Briss. 4. 75. 29. t. 4. f. 2. :
Petit Pic olive de St. Domingue. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 7.29.—
View. Ors. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2.61. 115.
Passerine Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 588.37. —Lath, Syn.
Sup. 110.
Tuis bird is an inhabitant of the island of St.
Domingo, and likewise of Cayenne, and is in
length six inches: beak nearly an inch, and grey:
upper part of the head in the male red; in the
female brown; sides rufous grey: upper parts of
the body yellowish olive; beneath transversely
striated with whitish and brown; upper wing-
coverts in general tipped with a yellowish white
spot; the inner edges of the greater quills brown,
dentated with Sea ; the outer edges and the |
two first feathers plain: tail brown; the two middle
feathers with two grey spots on each margin, out-
wardly edged with olive; the two outer ones brown
mixed with grey, the exterior one tipped with
whitish: legs and claws grey.
201
iy
PRs
-_.--YELLOW-CRESTED WOODPECKER.
(Picus flavescens. )
P. niger flavo-fasciatus, capite crista dependente, gula gents cer-
viceque flavis.
Black Woodpecker fasciated with yellow; head with a long de-
pendent crest, which, with the throat, cheeks, and top of the
neck is yellow.
Picus flavescens. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 427.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
239. 42. | |
Yellow-crested Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 589. 39.
Tue Yellow-crested Woodpecker is a native of
Brasil, and is about the size of a Jackdaw: head
with a very long pale yellow crest: throat, cheeks,
and upper part of the neck, yellow: wings and
back black, transversely striated with broad bars
of light yellow: belly and tail black: thighs and
lesser wing-coverts pale yellow : tail-coverts bright
yellow: legs dark green.
202
YELLOW WOODPECKER. =
(Picus flavicans.) .
P. flavicans, occipite cristato, remigibus fuscis, rectricibus nigris.
Yellowish Woodpecker, with the hind head crested, quills
brown, and the tail-feathers black.
Picus flavicans. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 240. 44.
Picus exalbidus. ‘Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 428.
Picus cayanensis albus. Briss. 4, 81. 31.
Pic jaune de Cayenne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 32.—Buff. Pl.
Enl. 509. 3 ;
Yellow Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn, 2. 591. 41.
Ten inches in length: beak above an inch, and
yellowish white: head, neck, and body. covered
with dirty white feathers: head crested: a red
stripe on each side from the lower jaw to the ears:
wing-coverts brown, with yellowish margins ; some
of the greater ones rufous on the inner webs: quills
brown: legs and claws grey: is subject to slight
variety, being sometimes found of a light yellow
colour instead of dirty white: tail black: female
wants the red mark on the side of the head.
_ This bird makes its nest in old trees that are
rotten within, but sound without; it begins by
perforating the sound part in a horizontal direc-
tion, which having performed, it declines until the
hole is about eighteen inches in depth: the male
and female work together till the nest is finished,
when the latter lays three nearly round white eggs,
which are hatched in the beginning of April: it
is very common at Cayenne, where it is called
SS
ty NG
WAN
AC
WL
\
N
YELLOW WOODPECKER.
Vy
Mh a
Vy
/, /™
yy), pe ‘4
fe!) /////fiuiia
Y iw
, ae
\
‘f fo
ne om
anata Pare
\ h ones
, tis BEEP
oe
iN oO
por
\;
fo\
My vot
GOLD -CRESTED WOODPECKER.
GOLD-CRESTED WOODPECKER. 203
Charpentier jaune. The note of this bird is a sin-
gular kind of whistle six times repeated, but the
three last are more grave than the rest.
“GOLD-CRESTED WOODPECKER.
(Picus melanochloros.)
_ P. fulvo nigroque undato-maculatus, genis rubicundis, crista fulvo-
aurea, rectricibus nigris. |
Woodpecker spotted and waved with fulvous and black ; cheeks
reddish ; crest of a brownish gold; tail-feathers black.
Picus melanochloros.. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1,427.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
4 801259. 41. oe
Picus varius americanus cristatus. Briss. 4. 34. 12.
Le Grand Pic rayé de Cayenne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 30.—
Buff, Pl. Enl. 719. fap
-Gold-crested Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 589, 38.
Asove a foot in length: beak dusky: head with
a very long golden orange-coloured crest : cheeks
reddish: between the base of the beak and the
eyes is a purple spot; space round the eye white:
prevailing colour of the body black and yellow,
mixed in wayes, striz, and spots: under parts
spotted: tail black; the outer feathers yellow barred
with black: legs dusky. Native of Cayenne.
204
CAYENNE WOODPECKER.
(Picus cayanensis.)
P. olivaceus nigro striatus, subtus flavicans, occipite rubro, vertice
gulaque nigro, genis albidis. :
Olive Woodpecker striated with black, beneath yellowish ; hind
head red; crown and throat black ; cheeks whitish.
Picus cayanensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 428.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1.
239. 43.
Picus striatus cayanensis. Briss. 4, 69. 27.
Petit Pic rayé de Cayenne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 31 SB 3
Pl, Eni. 613.
Cayenne Woodpecker. Lath. Gen, Syn. 2.590. 40.—Lath, Syn.
Sup. 111. . |
Very similar to Picus melanochloros, but not
above half the size, being only seven inches and a
half in length: the beak ten lines and a half, and
blackish: crown of the head black; hind head
red; sides whitish, with a crimson streak on each
side of the under jaw in the male: throat black,
minutely spotted with white: fore-part of the
neck and breast dull yellowish olive, with a small
black spot near the end of each feather, and some
of them with red tips: belly and sides yellowish ;
thighs and under tail-coverts the same, but spotted
with black: hind part of the neck and, back yel-
lowish olive, but each feather of the lower part of
the latter, with those of the rump and upper tail-
coverts, is spotted with black near the tip: sca- |
pulars and wing-coverts dull olive, transversely
barred with blackish: quills the same, with yellow
BLACK-BREASTED WOODPECKER. 205
shafts, spotted on the outside with yellow, and
within with white: tail black; the six middle fea-
thers barred with dull olive on the outer web,
but the two middle ones barred the same on the
inner web; the two exterior ones with yellow
shafts, and barred with black and rufous: legs
grey: claws grey brown: found at Cayenne.
BLACK-BREASTED WOODPECKER.
(Picus multicolor. )
P. cristatus rufus, capite gula cerviceque supremo fulvis, infimo
jugulo pectore alarumque maculis nigris.
Crested Woodpecker, with the head, throat, and upper part of
the back of the neck fulvous ; the lower part, ee breast,
and spots on the wings black. _
Picus multicolor, Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 429. ee Ind. Orn, 1.
240. 46.
Pic a cravate noire. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 7, 35.—Buff. Pl. Eni.
863.
Black-breasted Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 593. 43.
Beak pale: head, throat, and hind part of the
neck orange-yellow: with a black collar round the
neck, extending in front over the breast: head
crested: back and wings bright rufous, the latter
with a few black spots: quills marked with black:
belly and vent ferruginous buff: tail black at the
tip, rufous with black spots at the base: legs lead-
coloured.
This species is very destructive to trees; it is
found at Cayenne and Guiana: by the natives of |
the latter place it is called Toucoumarz.
206
RED-CHEEKED WOODPECKER.
(Picus undatus.)
P, testaceus nigro undulatus, temporibus sanguineis. -
Testaceous Woodpecker undulated with black ; sides of the head _
bright red. wih
Picus undatus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.175. 10.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1, 432,.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 241.47.
Red-cheeked Woodpecker. Edw. 332.—Lath. Gen, Syn.2. 594.
44, A
AccorpinG to Edwards, this bird is in length
about nine inches: beak brownish: from the an-
gles of the mouth, passing beneath the eyes, is a
broad plat of red feathers: the whole bird is of a
dun colour, or orange inclining to olive, marked
with dusky bars: legs dusky. Found at the same _
places as the last. | | .
207
RUFOUS WOODPECKER.
(Picus rufus. )
P. rufus nigro undulatus, alis cauda corporeque subtus satura-
tioribus. :
Rufous Woodpecker undulated with black, with the wings, tail,
and body beneath darkest.
_Picus rufus. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 432.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
AI. 48. |
Pic roux. Buff: Hist, Nat. Ois.7. 36.—Buff. Pl. Enl, 694. 1.
Rufous Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 594.
B. pectore nigro, sub oculis macula magna coccinea,
With the breast black, and a large crimson spot beneath the eyes.
Picus rufus 6. Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 241. 48.
Rufous Woodpecker. Lath. Syn. Sup. 111. B.
Tuis bird is very similar to the preceding, and
may eventually prove to be merely a variety: it
is entirely of a rufous colour; darkest on the
breast and belly, rather lighter on the wings and
tail, and lightest on the back and rump : the whole
body is waved with black streaks: beak pale: male
with a crimson streak on each side the jaw: legs
-lead-coloured.
Dr. Latham mentions a variety which appears .
to connect this and the foregoing species together,
as it is of an intermediate size between the two;
the principal difference appears to be in the bars
on the breast being so very broad as to give it the
appearance at first sight of being black; it has
likewise a very large patch of crimson beneath
the eyes: this and the preceding variety occur in
_ Cayenne and Guiana.
208
GORGET WOODPECKER.
(Picus pectoralis. )
P. rufus nigro undulatus, abdomine rufescente nigro maculato,
Jascia pectorali nigra.
Red Woodpecker waved with black; ‘ahdienee reddish with
black spots; with a black band on the breast.
Picus pectoralis. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. XXXII. 4.
Gorget Woodpecker. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. Add. 372. _
Tur Gorget Woodpecker is in length about nine
inches: beak pale horn-colour: head, neck, and
upper parts chesnut, getting paler towards the
rump, which with the vent is nearly white, with
black spots: back and wings marked with nu-
merous curved transverse black crescents; with
one very large across the breast, from whence to
the vent the colour is pale dusky rufous, spotted
with black : tail-feathers blac ; is very like Picus
rufus. a
Pee.
se
SS
—_A
| i
i; i
G
WwW ji
YY:
FERRUGINOUS WOODPECKER.
209
FERRUGINOUS WOODPECKER.
(Picus cinnamomeus. )
P. ferrugineo-cinnamomeus, maculis sparsis flavicantibus, capitis
crista dorsoque infimo flavis, cauda nigra.
Woodpecker of a ferruginous cinnamon colour, sprinkled with
yellowish spots, with the crest of the head, and the lower part
of the back, yellow ; tail black.
Picus cinnamomeus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 428.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
. 1. 240. 45.—Vieil. Ois. de L? Amer. Sept. 2. 59.
Le Pic mordoré, Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 7, 34.—Vieil, Ois. de
L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 59. 111.
Pic jaune tacheté de Cayenne. Buff, Pl..Enl. 524. male.
Ferruginous Woodpecker. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 159.—Lath. Gen.
Syn. 2. 592. 42.
Tuts most beautiful bird is about eleven inches
in length: beak black: head with a dark yellowish
_ cream-coloured crest: throat with a large crim-
“son spot on each side: upper parts of the body of
_ areddish cinnamon colour, sprinkled with a few
_ yellowish-white spots: lower part of the back yel-_
“lowish ash- colour: tail and legs black: female
without the crimson spot on the ae of the throat.
_ Found in various parts of America, particularly in
Guiana and Cayenne.
V,IX. P. ft. 14
210
RED-WINGED WOODPECKER.
(Picus miniatus. )
P. obscure ruber, capite cristato, jugulo roseo, abdomine albo, re-
migibus nigris albo maculatis, rectricibus cyaneis.
Dull red Woodpecker, with a crested head ; jugulum rose-co-
loured; abdomen white ; quills black, with white spots; tail-
feathers blue.
Picus miniatus. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 432.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1
241. 50 7 pubes
Red-winged Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 595. 27.
Turs curious bird is nine inches in length: beak
dusky blue: head crested, and of a dull red co-
lour: hind part of the neck, back, and wing-
coverts, red: quills black, marked with large
white spots: chin with a yellow spot: fore-part
of the neck rose-colour: belly white: tail dark
blue; its coverts green: legs dusky. Taken on
the heights of Java, and ca by the Malayans, if
Tockar. |
iit
P, ef
Sere
Cr
MINUTE WOODPECKER .
pp ul
MINUTE WOODPECKER.
( Picus minutus.)
P. griseo-rufus, subtus albidus fusco undulatus, vertice rubro, o€-
cipite nigro, lateribus capitis albo maculatis.
Reddish-grey Woodpecker, beneath white, with brown waves ;
crown red; hind head black; the sides of the head spotted with
white.
Picus minutus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 943. 55. «
Picus cayanensis minor. Briss. 4. 83. 32.
Yunx minutissimus. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 423.
Le trés-petit Pic de Cayenne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 7. 37.—
Buff. Pl. Enl. 786. 1.
Minute Woodpecker. Lath, Gen. Syn. 2. 596. 48.
Tuis species is the smallest of the genus, being
only three inches and a half in length: beak
black: crown of the head red: back of the head
black, spotted with white : sides of the head brown,
likewise spotted with white: the upper parts of
the body dirty greyish rufous: under parts grey-
ish white: the feathers margined with brown:
quills and tail brown, with paler edges: legs
brown: female is said to want the red crown.
Native of Cayenne.
tS)
—"
[KS)
BANK WOODPECKER.
(Picus Pitius. )
P. fuscus, albo guttatus, cauda brevt.
Brown Woodpecker with white spots and short tail,
Picus pitius. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 432.—Lath. Ind. Orn. “1.
234. 26.
Bank Woodpecker. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 141. 3.
ee
Tue plumage of the Bank Woodpecker is en-
tirely brown, spotted with white, and the bird is
about the size of a Pigeon: it is an inhabitant of
Chili; it does not make its nest in the hollows of
trees, like the rest of the genus, but in holes on
the elevated banks of rivers: it lays four eggs:
and it is much esteemed as food by the natives:
its tail is very short.
|
|
213
GOLD-WINGED WOODPECKER.
( Picus auratus.)
P. griseo nigrogue transversim striatus, lateribus gule pectoreque
medio nigris, nucha rubra, uropygio albo. |
Woodpecker transversely striated with black and grey ; the sides
of the throat and the middle of the breast black ; hind part of
the head red; rump white.
Picus auratus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.174. 9.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.
430.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 242. 52. Phil. Trans. 62.387.
Picus Canadensis striatus. Briss. 4. 72. 28. Vieil. Ois. de
TL’ Amer. Sept. 2. 66.
Le Pic aux ailes dorées. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois.7. 39.
Pic raye du Canada. Buff. Pl. Enl. 603.
Le Pic doré. Viewl. Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept, 2. 66. 123.
Gold-winged Woodpecker. Pen. Arct. Zool, 158.—Lath. Gen.
Syn. 2. 597. 49.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 111.
Tuts remarkable and beautiful bird is less than
the common green Woodpecker: the beak is very
different from that of the rest of the genus, being
rounded, and ridged only on the top; it is one
inch and a half in length, black, somewhat bent,
and sharp at the point: upper parts of the head
and neck ash-coloured : hind part of the head red:
sides of the latter, throat, and fore-part of the
neck, pale yellow: on each side of the head, from
the base of the lower jaw to the neck, is a stripe
of black: back, scapulars, and wing-coverts, grey
brown, transversely striated with black lines:
breast, belly, and sides, whitish yellow, each fea-
ther with a round black spot at the tip: on the
middle of the breast is a large crescent of black:
914 GOLD-WINGED WOODPECKER.
the thighs, upper and under tail-coverts, black
and white, mixed: quills brown, shafts yellow,
spotted with brown on the outer edge: rump
whitish: tail blackish, outwardly edged with grey;
the exterior feathers spotted with white on the
margins; the shafts of all but the two middle fea-
thers are yellow half way from the base: legs and
claws brown: the female has the crown and neck
behind grey brown: the red on the back of the
head not so brilliant: but she wants the black
mark on the throat, and the greater quills are not
spotted on the edges. ‘This species is very abun-
dant in most parts of North America, where it is
known by the names of Hittock, or Pint, from its
note, and High-hole, from the situation of its nest.
It is seldom known to climb trees in the manner.
of the rest of the genus, but is almost continually
on the ground in search of insects, on which it
principally feeds, but when there is a scarcity of
these, it is said to eat the berries of the red cedar,
both of which make it very fat, when it is esteemed
as very fine eating: it stays in the southern parts
all the year, but in the northern is said to appear —
in April, and disappear in September: it lays from
four to six eggs in hollow trees, and is called by
the natives in the neighbourhood of sisi Albany,
Outhee-quau-now.
Q15
CAPE WOODPECKER.
(Picus cafer. )
P. supra fuscus, subtus vinaceus, maculis rotundis nigris, alis sub=
tus scapisque remigum et rectricum miniacets.
Woodpecker above fuscous, beneath reddish, with black round-
ish spots; wings beneath, and the shafts of the quills and tail-
feathers, bright red.
Picus cafer. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 431.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
242. 53.
Gold-winged Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 599. 49. A.
Tus bird is extremely like P. auratus, but is
rather less: beak similar to it in make, but
brown: on each side of the jaw a crimson streak :
upper part of the plumage brown ; lower part vi-
naceous, with black spots: shafts of the quills and
_tail-red: the under parts of the wings pale red:
tail black, pointed, each feather bifid at the tip:
legs and claws brown. Native of the Cape of
Good Hope.
216
-CRIMSON-BREASTED WOODPECKER.
( Picus olivaceus.)
P. olivaceo-fuscus, wropygio saturate, pectore pallide coccineis, cor-
pore toto maculis pallidis, crisso fascia fusca.
Brown olive Woodpecker, with the rump darker; breast pale
crimson; the whole body with pale spots; vent vee a brown
band.
Picus olivaceus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 431.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 242. 54. ;
Crimson-breasted Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 599. 50.
Tus species is likewise a native of the Cape of
Good Hope, and has a similar beak to P. auratus;
it is black, and two inches in length: the upper
parts of the head, neck, and body, are dusky olive
brown, faintly dotted with paler brown: throat
and fore-part of the neck dusky brown, marked
with a few slight paler spots; lower part of the
“neck and breast pale crimson: rump the same,
but paler, and marked with still paler spots : quills
dark brown, marked on each web with oblique
cream-coloured bars: vent dusky brown, marked
with faint bars of a paler colour: shafts of the
quills and tail yellowish; the latter two inches in
length, black above, and olive yellow beneath ;
forked like the two last : legs black.
Sea.
—
—
(\
\\
Ww
RTORICO WOODPECKER.
aa |
|
4
PO
217
PORTORICO WOODPECKER.
(Picus Portoricensis. )
* Mon,
P. niger, subtus coccineus, fronte superciliis, uropygioque albis.
_Black Woodpecker, beneath scarlet ; sump, forehead, and line
over the eyes, white.
Picus Fortoricensis. Shaw. Zool. Mise. 22.
Pic de Portorico. Daud. Ann. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. 2. 286. 57.
Portorico Woodpecker. Shaw. Zool. Misc. 22.953. —
Tue upper parts of this bird are black, and
under parts bright scarlet, with the exception of
the rump, forehead: and a line above the eyes,
which are white: beak lead-coloured : legs black:
about ten inches in length: female not, so bright
in colour as the male, and with pre secondary
quills edged . with, white.
Described in the Annales de Muséum d’ Histoire
Naturelle by M. Daudin, who informs us that it
is a native of Portorico.
218
~ TRIDACTYLIA, ‘TRIDACTYLIZ
/
Generic Character. *
Rostrum polyedrum, rectum; || Beak many-sided, straight;
apice cuneato. ‘ wedge-shaped at the tip.
Nares pennis setaceis recum- || Nostrils covered with seta
bentibus obtecte. ceous recumbent feathers.
Pedes tridactyli, digitis duo- || Feet with only three toes,
bus anticis, uno postico. placed two before and one
behind.
\ \ E have separated this genus from Picus on
-account of the number of toes, this having but
three, whereas the genuine Pici are all furnished
with four, as already mentioned in our generic
character.
a
7
Hie. Za
CES
AC
A
ej
TRIDACTYILIA.
4)
DOWNY
: 219
DOWNY TRIDACTYLIA.
_(Tridactylia hirsuta.)
ms p
‘TR. albo nigrogue varia.
Tridactylia varied with black a white,
Picus hirsutus. Vieil. Ois. de L? Amer. Sept. 2. 68.
Picus tridactylis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 177. 21.—Lin. Faun.
Suec. 103.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.439.—Phil. Trans. 62. 388.—
Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 243. 56.
Three-toed Woodpecker. Edw. 114.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 168.
—Lath, Gen. Syn. 2. 600. 57.—Lath, Syn, Sup, 112.
Le Pic a piedsvetus. Vieil. Ois. de L’ Amer, Sept. 2. 68. 124.
In length eight inches and a half: beak an inch —
long, and broad at the base, the upper mandible.
dusky, the under one white; tips of each dusky
crown’ of the head bright yellow; sides of the
head, in front of, and beneath the eye, spotted
with black and white; with a white streak behind
the eye: middle of the back white: upper parts
of the body and wings black: wing-coverts and
quills slightly spotted with white : chin, throat, and
breast, white: bellystriated transversely with black
and white: tail consisting of twelve feathers, the
two middle of which are black, spotted with white
on the inner webs; all the rest, but the most exte-
rior one, which is white, and buff-coloured on the
outer web, are black, with orange-buff tips: legs _
with only three toes, placed two before and one
behind. ‘This bird varies both in size and mark-
ings, being sometimes found near ten inches in
length, with the sides of the belly transversely
9920 WAVED TRIDACTYLIA.
barred with black and white, and with the back
plain black. Female has the crown of the head
black, with a few perpendicular white lines. |
This bird is generally found in high northern
jatitudes, although it occasionally occurs in Aus-
tria, and near Woronesch, on the Don. It is
likewise abundant in the north of America, about
the river Severn, and is said to feed on worms,
which it procures from the rotten trees.
WAVED TRIDACTYLIA.
( Tridactylia undulata.)
Tr. albo nigroque varia, subtus alba.
Tridactylia varied with black and white, beneath white.
Picus undulatus. Vzeil. Ois. de L? Amer. Sept. 2. 69.
Picus tridactylis. B. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 243. 56.
Picus varius cayanensis. Briss. 4. 54. 20..
Fpeiche, ou Pic varié ondé. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 7. 78.
Pic tacheté de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl. 553.
Le Pic ondé. Vieil. Ois. de L’ Amer. Sept. 2. 60.
Southern three-toed Woodpecker. Lath. Gen. Syn, 2. ‘601.
Mes
Tuts bird was first described by Brisson: it is
in length about eight inches: beak one inch, and
ash-coloured : crown of the head red; the rest and
upper parts of the body black : unde ‘the eye a
streak of white: back and rump with a few trans-
verse white stripes: under parts white; with the
sides, thighs, and under wing-coverts striated with
: “ |
WAVED TRIDACTYLIA. 291
black: quills black, with white spots: four middle
tail-feathers black, the rest of the tail of that co-
lour, but the two outer feathers white from the
middle, and spotted with black on the tips and
inner webs: legs cinereous: claws brown : female
without the red on the head, or the white on the
back and rump.
This bird is said by Brisson to inhabit Cayenne :
the figure in Buffon’s Planches Enluminées has
four toes, placed two and two, and has two streaks
on each side the head; in other OT it is similar
to the above.
222
GALBULA.
JACAMAR.
Generic Character.
Rostrum rectum, _longissi-
mum, quadrangulare, acu-
tum.
Nares ovate ad basin rostri.
Lingua brevis, acuta.
Pedes simplices, digitis duo-
bus anticis, duobus posticis.
Beak long, straight, sharp-
pointed, and quadrangu-
lar: .
Nostrils oval, situated near
the base of the beak.
Tongue short, and acute.
Feet simple, with two toes
before, and two behind.
\ \ E. are very little acquainted with the ceco-
nomy of the birds comprised in this genus, of
which there are but a few species known; they
are very muchallied to the Kingsfishers, but their
feet are totally different, and they inhabit moist
woods, whereas the Kingsfishers are only found
near the sides of rivers: they have ten feathers in
their tail, and are called by the natives of Guiana
by the name Venetou.
Bes ~
Ze NY | Ye Sa AN i:
L ——— Z os
ans he oie ea OGG ae
\ GIR AG Ny) Hey SG AG > et aie alae }
Bes -, i
\s fs in Ee ai »
Aes wes ANY Ps aya i i
( ‘ wi eae DE bee ea £
o a = uy fi
ity el eae en Ba vp ea ey
+ Sc ' 4
* ak 4 4 :
‘ a Matias cee dininiay 0 aR
GENERAL ZOOLOGY
OF
SYSTEMATIC NATURAL HISTORY
commented by the lite
GEORGE SHAW,M.D.F. BOS. &c.
WITH PLATES
from the first Authorities and most select specimens
+ canon auras anaes
ME’ GRIFFITHS.
¥ Wid by PY
iN | |
|
Vou.IX.Part iL. AVES. by J.F Stephens] ][/F.L.S.
h,
Ne
Frinted for GWilkie, J.Walker, J. Stockdale, J. & A.Arch, Longman, Hurst,
Rees, Orme, & Brown, E. Jeffery, Sherwood, Neeley, & Jones, Law & Whittaker ,
Baldwin,Cradock & Joy, R.Scholey, J. Black, W.Lowe, J.Booth, Gale & Fenner,
S.Bagster, J.Robinson, J.Rodwell, Walker & Edwards,and Harper & C?
GENERAL ZOOLOGY.
VOLUME IX.—PART II.
BY
JAMES FRANCIS STEPHENS, F.L.S.
BIRDS.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR G. WILKIE; J. WALKER; J. STOCKDALE; J, AND
- A, ARCH; LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN;
E. JEFFERY; SHERWOOD, NEELEY, AND JONES; LAW AND
WHITTAKER; BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY; R. SCHOLEY;
J. BLACK; W. LOWE; J. BOOTH; GALE AND FENNER ;
$8. BAGSTER; J. ROBINSON; J, RODWELL; WALKER AND
EDWARDS; AND HARPER AND CO.
1816,
BERDS.
ORDER
PASSERES.
Sane
See
CRUCIROSTRA. CROSSBILL.
Generic Character.
Rostrumcrassum, forficatum; : Beak thick, and forked; man-
mandibule inversé adunce. | dibles, when at rest, in-
versely curved.
Nares parve, rotundate, ad | Nostri/s small, rounded, si-
basin rostri. tuated at the base of the
beak.
Lingua integra. Tongue intire.
Tue singular structure of the beak of the birds
belonging to this genus was considered as a mere
lusus nature by Buffon, calculated to render
them much less essential service than any other
known kind of beak: but notwithstanding the ap-
parently awkward and useless shape, it has been
© IX: P.. 11. 16
230 CROSSBILL.
found to be most admirably adapted to their
particular habits. The two mandibles do not lie
straight, but cross each other in a similar manner
to a pair of scissars: they are by this means
enabled to obtain their food with the greatest fa-
cility. ‘They live mostly on the seeds of the cones
of the fir; in procuring which, they exhibit a won-
derful specimen of instinct, as they fix themselves
across the cone, then bring the points of their
beak immediately over each other, and insinuate
them between the scales, when, forcing them la-
terally, the scales open; and then again bringing
the points in contact, pick out the seed as easily
as any other bird would take up hemp seed. ‘The
degree of lateral force which they are capable of
exerting is very surprising, and they are very fond
of exercising it for mere amusement, which, in a
tame state, renders them rather mischievous, as
we are informed by Dr. Townson, who kept se-
-veral of these birds in his study, that they used
to amuse themselves by coming to his table and
taking off pencils, boxes, and the like, tearing them
to pieces instantly, by pecking a small hole, and
inserting their beaks in the same way they would
when procuring food. ‘These birds are able to
pick up the smallest seeds, notwithstanding the
shape of the beak. |
SMsagp-
ys
Bs Hy
Fi \ SURO
(YY 54
i
. COMMON GROSBEAK.
231
COMMON CROSSBILL.
(Crucirostra vulgaris. )
C. corpore versicolore, remigibus rectricibusque fuscts, oris exte-
rioribus viridi olivaceis, cauda furcata,
Crossbill with a variable red body ; quills and tail-feathers
brown; beak externally olive-green ; tail forked.
Loxia curvirostra. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 299. 1.—Lin. Faun. Suec.
| 224.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 843.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. oH, 1
Loxia. Rai. Syn. 86, A.—Briss. 3. 329. 1.17. f. 3
"Le Bec croisé. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 3, 449. 27. 8 BF Pi.
Enl, 218.
Crossbill. Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 115. 49.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 208.
Edwards. 303.—Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 106. 1.—Bewick. Brit.
Birds. 1... 130. —Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Don. Brit. Birds. 2.
39. .
Tue male of this bird varies from a beautiful red
to orange colour on the head, neck, breast, back,
and rump: the wing-coverts rufous brown: quills
and tail dusky: vent nearly white: under. tail-
coverts dusky spotted: tail forked: legs short:
claws strong: female in general of a dull olive-
green on those parts that are red in the male:
back varied with dusky; wings and tail similar
to the male, but not so dark: the mandibles are
not always crossed on one side.
This species is a regular inhabitant of Sweden,
Germany, and many other parts of Europe, where
it breeds ; and migrates occasionally in vast flocks
into the other parts: it is never known to breed in
this country, but sometimes appears in immense
numbers, fixing on those spots that abound with
i...
932 COMMON CROSSBILL-
firs, for the sake of the seeds, which are its natural
food : it is said to do a deal of mischief to orchards
by splitting the apples to get at the seeds; and it
is so intent when feeding on the cones of the firs
(which it holds in its claws like a parrot), that a
noose may be put over its head, without its at-
tempting to fly away: it is discovered by the twit-
tering noise it makes while feeding.
In North America and Greenland this bird is
very common, and is said to build its nést in the
highest parts of the firs, making use of the resin-
ous matter that exudes from them for fixing it to
the trees; it breeds in January or February, and
the young are ready to fly by March.
Mr. Pennant mentions receiving a large variety
out of Shropshire, which had the beak remarkably
thick and short, more curvated and blunt than
usual. It is called the German Parrot by many,
from its singular mode of scrambling about its
cage, and the beauty of its colours: they are fed
by the German bird-catchers with poppy and other.
small seeds, which they eat with the greatest
avidity. |
233
WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL.
(Crucirostra leucoptera.)
C. corpore croceo-coccineo, alis nigris fusciis duabus albis, remigi-
bus secundariis apice albis, cauda nigra.
Crossbill with a dull crimson body; wings black, with two white
fascia ; secondary quills white at the tips; tail black.
. Loxia leucoptera, Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 844.
Loxia falcirostra. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 371.2.
~ White-winged Crossbill. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 108. 2.—Lath.
Syn. Sup. 148. Pen. Arct. Zool, 2. 208.
Tue White-winged Crossbill is rather less than
a Goldfinch; measuring only five inches and three
quarters in length: beak ef a dusky horn-colour :
nostrils covered with reflected bristles of a pale
buff-colour: at the base of the beak, from eye to
eye, is a brown streak: head, neck, back, and under
parts whitish, the feathers deeply margined with
crimson ; which gives the birds the appearance of
being speckled: wings black with two white bars,
one of which passes obliquely backwards, and the
other reaches only half way across the wing: se-
_ condary quills tipped with white : rump pale crim-
son: vent dirty white: legs brown: tail black.
Common at Hudson's Bay and New York; and
is called by the name of Asitchouw Achashish, at the
former place: has been said to have been shot in
England, but most likely was only an accidental
variety of the common Crossbill, or one escaped
from a cage, as North American birds rarely or
even never occur in Europe: it is said to appear
234 - WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL.
at Hudson’s Bay in March, and to build its nest
of mud and feathers in May, about half way up a
pine tree, laying five white eggs, speckled with
yellow: the young fly about the middle of June,
and remain till the end of November, when both
old and young disappear, and are supposed to
retire inward.
235
LOXIA. GROSBEAK.
Generic Character.
Rostrum validum, crassum, || Beak strong, thick, and
ad basin-rotundatum: man- || rounded at the base ;. with
dibula superiore crenata the upper mandible cre-
aut integra; inferiore recta, || _ nated or intire; and the
apice obtusa. lower one straight and ob-
) tuse.
_ Nares parve, rotundate, in Nostrils small, rounded, and
basi rostri. situated at the base of the
beak.
Lingua integra. || Tongue intire.
Tue birds of this genus have a strong and
thick beak, by means of which they are enabled
to break the hardest stones of fruit with the
greatest facility: they are generally a shy and
solitary race, chiefly residing at a distance from
the abodes of man: very few of them have much
beauty in their songs. ‘Their feet have three toes
before and one behind; and their food generally
consists of fruits and seeds: we have but five spe-
cies of the genus indigenous. _
236
HAWFINCH GROSBEAK.
(Loxia Coccothraustes.)
L. cinereo-castanea, linea alarum alba, remigibus mediis apice
rhombers, rectricibus latere baseos nigris.
Grosbeak of a cinereous chesnut-colour, with a white line on
the wings; middle quill-feathers rhomboid at the tip ; lateral.
tail-feathers at the base black. ‘
Loxia Coccothraustes. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1, 209.—. in awn.
Suec. 222.—Ameen. Acad. 4. 594. 122. .—Gimel: Syst. Nat. A.
844.—Briss. 3. 219. 1.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 372. 4. 2
Le Gros-bec, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 444. 27. f.1.—Buff. Pi.
Enl. 99. male.—100. female.
Grosbeak. Pen. Brit. Zool. 113.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 354. C.
Edwards. 188.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 67.—Lath..Gen. Syn.
3. 103. 4.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 148.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. .1.
133.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Don. Brit. Be 2.43.
WeIcuHT about two ounces: beak cae an inch
long, and one half thick at the base, very. strong,
and pinkish when alive, but fades after death to a
pale horn-colour: irides grey: crown and cheeks
bay-coloured: between the beak and eye, and
round the nostrils, black: chin and throat the
same: hind part of the neck ash-coloured: back
and scapulars chesnut-brown : Trump and upper
tail-coverts light brown, inclining to ash-colour :
breast light brown, tinged with blossom-colour :
quills dusky black; the points from the fourth to
the fifteenth or detomch truncated, and some of
them bent down, which gives the bird a curious
appearance: primary quills have each of them a
spot of white about the middle of the inner web:
fii
. “‘ HAWFINCH GROSBEAK.
HAWFINCH GROSBEAK. 937
some of the secondaries brownish: tail black; the
inner webs of all but the two middle feathers half
white from the points: coverts very long, reach-
ing nearly the whole length of the tail: legs pale
brown: female is said to want the black spot on
the chin; but that is not to be depended on, as
both sexes have been found with that mark;
however, the female is generally dullest in colour.
According to Dr. Latham, this species varies very
much: he says, that the top of the head in some
is whitish, surrounded with rufous, in others wholly
black: that the band on the wings in some is al-
most white, in others grey, and sometimes wholly
wanting, and that specimens. have been seen en-
tirely black.
This bird is common.in Italy, Germany, Swe-
den, and the southern parts of Russia: it is like-
wise found in France and England, but does not
breed in the latter place: it is said to build its
nest about twelve feet from the ground: it is
composed of small dry fibres, intermixed with
liverwort, and. lined with finer materials: the eggs
are of a blueish green, spotted with olive-brown,
with a few irregular black markings.
From the great strength of the beak of this
bird, it is enabled to crack the stones of haws,
and other fruits, with the same facility that smaller
birds do hemp seed: it usually appears in this
country in the autumn, and continues with us till
April, but is very scarce, as rarely more than four
or five are seen together: it is said to sing very
pleasantly in low plaintive notes, even in the win-
238 | PINE. GROSBEAK. .
ter, when the weather has been warm. | It is some-
times called Cherry-finch, from its feeding on that.
fruit. oe .
PINE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia Bauclesior,)
_
L. sordide roseo fusco griseoque varia, linea alarum duplici alba,
rectrictbus totis mgricantibus.
Duli rosy Grosbeak, varied with brown and grey, witha ditiile !
~ white line on the wings ; tail-feathers entirely black.
Loxia Enucleator.: Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.-209. 3. Lin. Faun. Suec.
223.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 845:—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 372. 5.
Coccothraustes canadensis,—Bris. 3. 250.15.t.12.f3.
Le Dur-bec, ou Gros-bec de Canada. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 3.
457.—Buff. Pl. Enl, 135. 1. :
Greatest Bulfinch, Edwards. 123. male. 124.female: -_
Pine Grosbeak. Pen. Brit. Zool. 114. 49. 2.—Pen. Arct. Zool.
2. 209.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 68.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 7.111.
5.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 148.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Don. Brit.
Birds. 1. 17.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1.135.
Tue Pine ‘Grosbeak is rather longer than the
Hawfinch; being almost nine inches in length:
beak very stout at the base, hooked at the tip,
and dusky: head, neck, breast, and rump, TOse-—
coloured crimson ;. back, and lesser wing-coverts,
black ; each Rahien edged with reddieh brown ;
greater wing-coverts tipped with white, Snebine
two bars of that colour on the wing: quills black,
with pale edges ; secondaries the same, but edged
‘with white : belly and vent straw-coloured: tail
similar in markings to the quills, and somewhat
QD
“nn
nalts 7] i) Se
My
saatt
GROSBEAK.
PINE
PINE GROSBEAK. — ) 239
forked :_legs brown: female brown, tinged with
green; in some yellowish: young bird plain dull
blue. : a
This bird is only found in the northern parts of
this kingdom, inhabiting the pine forests of Scot-
land, feeding on the seeds of those trees like the
common Crossbill. It is supposed to breed there,
as Mr. Pennant observed them flying about in the
beginning of August, near Invercauld, in Aber-
deenshire. Is also found in the pine forests of
Siberia, Lapland, and the northern parts of Russia;
in the autumn is very common about St. Peters-
burgh, where it is taken for the use of the table.
In Hudson’s Bay this bird is observed to feed on
the buds of the willow, and to frequent the groves
of firs and junipers, making its nest about May
with sticks, lined with feathers, at a little distance
fromthe ground, laying four white eggs; the
young are hatched the beginning of June: it is"
called Wuscunithow at the latter place.
240)
GRENADIER GROSBEAK.
(Loxia an
L. sanguinea, facie pectoreque ote is, alts i San nigrican-
tibus.
Blood-coloured Grosbeak, with the face and breast black; wings
and tail-feathers blackish.
Loxia Orix. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 863. —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
376. 17.—Lin. Mant. 527.
Emberiza Orix. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 300.7.
Cardinalis Capitis Bone Spei. Bris. 3. 114. 21. t. 6.f. 3.
Cardinal du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff? Hist. Nat. Otis.
3. 496.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 6. f.2. male. 134. f. 1. female.
Le rouge noire. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 46.
Gros-bec de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl. 300. f. 2.
Grenadier Grosbeak. Edwards. 178.—Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 120.
I —Lath. Syn. Sup.
Size of the Madacsiear Grosbedies forehead,
‘sides of the head, chin, breast and belly black :
wings brown, with pale edges: rest of the body of
a most beautiful red: lower part of the thighs
brown: legs pale. This bird varies very. much,
and is sometimes found with the tail of the same
colour as the wings, and the kneés without the
brown mark: the black mark on the chin is often
wanting, and the tail-coverts are occasionally so
long, that the tail itself is quite hid.
This species is gregarious, and buildaits nest in
large societies, among the reeds, near the rivers —
and ponds in the vicinity of the Cape of Good -
Hope and St. Helena: the appearance of these
birds among the reeds 1s said to have a most beau-
———S—SauanmLF SSS”
——<——SSS=—”
GRENADIER GROSBEAR.
44
——ss .
MEXICAN GROSBEAK. QAT
tiful effect, from the brilliancy of their colours:
they are said to devour the blossoms of the wheat,
and afterwards the corn.
MEXICAN GROSBEAK.
ae ae oT)
L. rubra, alis caudaque nigris, tinctura rufescente.
Red Grosbeak with the wings and tail black, with a red tinge.
Loxia mexicana. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 300. 7.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 848.—Briss. 3. 256. 18.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 377. 18.
Mexican Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.121. 17.
RaTHER larger than the Hawfinch : length about
seven inches: prevailing colour of the plumage
blood-red: quills and tail blackish; the coverts
of the latter with a red tinge: wings reaching to
the middle of the tail. Found at Mexico.
~T
V. IX P. If | 1
Fy)
ae
242
BLACK-CRESTED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia coronata.)
L. cristata, supra coccinea subtus a macula colli inferioris
eristaque nigris.
Crested Grosbeak, above crimson, ‘Heaea blue, with a spot on
the lower part of the neck, and crest black.
Loxia coronata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 859.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
[eSOh. 71, .
Pyrrhula Americana cristata. Briss. 3.327. 10.
La Huppe noire. Buff. Hist. Nat. Cis. 4. 397.
Black-crested Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 150. 67.
Tus bird is larger than the Bullfinch: length
almost six inches: beak half an inch long, and
white: head with a black crest: upper parts of.
the body, including the wings and fail, rich scar-
let: under parts blue: neck with a black spot on
the middle of the fore-part. Inhabits America.
HMMA)
at)
H \
f it \
NY
eS WN
AW
WAG \
ON SN <
WO
BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK.
243
\
BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia erythromelas. )
L. rubra, remigibus rectricibusque obscurioribus, capite atro.
Red Grosbeak, with the quills and tail-feathers more obscure,
and head black.
Loxiaerythromelas. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 859.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 391. 70.
Black-headed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 150. 66. t. 43.
NiveE inches in length: beak black at the tip,
and white at the base; with a notch on the edge
of the under mandible, corresponding to a process
‘on the upper one: head and throat black: pre-
vailing colour of the plumage dull crimson, in-
clining to pink on the under parts: quills dusky
red: tail the same, and rounded, with the feathers
pointed at the tips: legs brown. The female with
the head and throat black: upper parts of the
_body greenish orange, with a few patches of red:
sides of the neck deep orange-red: lower parts
orange-yellow: quills olive-green; some of them
rufous on the outer edges.
Inhabits Cayenne.
244
MADAGASCAR GROSBEAK.
(Loxia madagascariensis.)
L. rubra, dorso nigricante-maculato, rostro albo.
Red Grosbeak with the back spoued with blackish, and beak
white. ;
Loxia madagascariensis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.300. 6.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 847.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 376. 16.
Cardinalis madagascariensis. Briss. 3. 112. 20. t. 6.f. 2.
Le Foudis. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ors. 3.495.
Moineau de Madagascar. Buff. Pl. Enl. 134.f. 2.
Madagascar Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 119. 15.—Lath.
Syn. Sup. 150.
Tuts beautiful species is the size of a House
Sparrow: length above five inches: beak white:
head, neck, back, breast, and belly, bright crim-
son: quills and tail brown, margined with olive-
green: legs grey-brown: young bird olive. Is
known at Madagascar by the name of Foudi lahé
mene, and in India, by that of the Common Totty.
24.5
CAUCASIAN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia rubicilla. )
L. coccinea albo maculata, abdomine crissoque roseis, tectricibus
alarum majoribus fuscis, cauda nigra.
Crimson Grosbeak, spotted with white; abdomen and vent rosy;
greater wing-coverts brown ; tail black. ;
Loxia rubicilla, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 846.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
372. 6.
Caucasian Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. 112.6.
Tue upper mandible of the beak of this bird is
brown, the under whitish : eyes brown: upper part
of the head and body, the fore-part of the neck and
breast, deep crimson, varied with triangular white
spots: greater wing-coverts and quills brown, edged
with rose-colour: belly and vent of the latter co-
lour, undulated with whitish: thighs hoary: un-
der tail-coverts rosy brown : tail glossy black, three
inches and a half in length, the outer feathers with
whitish margins, the rest rose-coloured: legs and
claws black: female not quite so bright.
Found about the gravelly hollows, in the coldest
parts of the Caucasian mountains, flying in large
_ flocks, and living on the berries of the sea buck-
thorn: it has a note similar to the Bullfinch.
24.6
SIBERIAN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia sibirica.)
L, coccinea fusco maculata, subtus pallide coccinea, capistro pur=
pureo, alis albo nigroque fasciatis, rectricibus nigris, extima
alba.
Scarlet Grosbeak with brown spots, beneath paler; capistrum
purple; wings banded with black and white ; tail- feathers
black ; the outer ones white.
Loxia sibirica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 849.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
378. 23.—Pall. It. 2. 711. 24. :
Siberian Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 124. 21.
IFeatuers round the base of the beak deep pur-
ple: head and back in some vermillion, in others
rose-colour, marked with brown; the feathers of
the former have the tips of a fine polished white,
in certain positions of light appearing most vivid:
base of the wings and coverts white, the latter with
black tips, forming a double oblique bar on the
wings: quills margined with white: under parts
pale rose-colour: tail longer than the body; the
outer feathers white; the others black, with pale
margins: female and young birds of the colour of
the linnet, with a red tinge on the belly and rump.
Inhabits the bushy sath about the rivers and
torrents of the southern mountains of Siberia: is
fond of the seeds of the mug-wort, and in win-
ter unites in small flocks, and keeps among the
shrubs in the warmest situation, and is very rest-
less: it is a most elegant bird. —
INDIAN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia boetonensis. )
L. cristata rubra, rostri basi tectricibusque alarum obscurioribus,
rostro pedibusque flavis.
Crested red Grosbeak, with the base of the beak and wing-
' coverts more obscure; beak and feet yellow.
Loxia boetonensis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 376. 15.
Loxia Indica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 847.
Coccothraustes Indica. Briss. 3.252. 16.
Indian Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.119. 14.
Innasits India: length eight inches: beak yel-
low, one inch in length: head crested: the whole
bird fine red, except the beak and wing-coverts,
which are dull red: legs yellow: toes long: claws
sharp and bent.
CARDINAL GROSBEAK.
(Loxia Cardinalis. ) a0
A
L. cristata rubra, capistro nigro, rostro pedibusque sanguineis.
Red-crested Grosbeak with the capistrum black, beak and feet
red. ee
Loxia Cardinalis. Zin. Syst..Nat. 1. 300. 5.—Amen, Acad.
4, 242.—Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 847.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.375. 14.
Coccothraustes virginiana. Briss. 3.255. 17.
Gros-bec de Virginie. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 458. 28.— Buff. —
Pl. Enl. 37. ye
Red Grosbeak. Albin. 1. 57. male. 3. 61. female.
Cardinal Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 210.—Lath. sols Syn.
3.118. 13.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 150.
Leneru eight inches: beak pale red, and stout:
irides hazel: head crested: round the beak and
on the throat black: rest of the plumage fine red ;
but not so bright on the quills and tail: legs site
red: female almost-entirely of a reddish brown.
This species is very.tame, and has a very fine
song, much resembling that of the nightingale ;
during the spring and summer it sits on the tops
of the highest trees, singing very loud : it is often
kept in cages, and generally sings throughout the
year. It is fond of maize and buckwheat, and is
said to collect great quantities together, which it
covers with leaves and twigs, leaving only a small
hole for an entrance; it is also stated to be fond
of bees. It is met with in several parts of North
America, appearing in New York, and the Jerseys,
‘about the beginning of April, frequenting the
46
CARDINAL GROSBEAK.
PURPLE GROSBEAK. 949
Magniola swamps during summer, and departing
in the autumn towards Carolina.
PURPLE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia violacea.)
L. violacea, supercilits gula crissoque rubris.
Violet Grosbeak, with a streak above the eyes; the throat and
vent red,
Loxia violacea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 306. 43.—-Gmel. Syst, Nat.
1. 864.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 375. 13.
Pyrrhula bahamensis violacea. Briss. 3. 326. 9.
Le Bouvreuil a gorge et sourcils rouges. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois.
A. 396.
Purple Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 218.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
117. 12.
Tue Purple Grosbeak inhabits the Bahama
Islands, Jamaica, and the warmer parts of Ame-
rica, and is about the size of a Sparrow: length
five inches and three quarters: beak black: irides
red: chin, vent, and a streak over the eye, red:
rest of the plumage violet-black : legs dusky-grey :
the red of the female is not quite so bright, and
she is brown in those parts where the male is
black.
250
BLUE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia cerulea.) ek
L. cerulea, alis fuscis, fascia baseos purpurea.
Blue Grosbeak with brown-wings, having a purple fascia at the
base.
Loxia cerulea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 306. 41.—Gmel. Syst.
1. 863.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.374.11. ™ |
Pyrrhula carolinensis cerulea. Briss. 3. 323. 7.
Le Bec rond, ou Bouvreuil bleu d’ Amerique. Sule sree: Nat.
Ois. 4. 392.
Blue Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 217.—Lath. Geni Syn. 3.
116. 11.
&. remigibus rectricibusque nigris.
With the quills and tail- eaee black.
Loxia cyanea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 303. 32.—Amen. Acad. A,
244.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 853.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 374. 12.
Coccothraustes angolensis cyanea. Briss. App. 88.
Blue Grosbeak from Angola. Edwards. 125.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
8.117. 11. B.
Tuis variable bird is in length six inches: beak
stout, brown, and half an inch in length; sur-
rounded at the base with black feathers, which
reach on each side as far as the eye: quills and
tail brown, with a mixture of green: wing-coverts
with a red band: all the rest of the plumage blue:
legs dusky: is sometimes found entirely blue, ex-
cept a black spot between the beak and eye.
Edwards mentions a variety which has a lead-
- coloured beak: irides dark hazel: prevailing co-
lour of a fine deep blue, except the quills and
tail, which are black: legs black: said to have |
BLUE GROSBEAK.
yoy
aan
BLUE-SHOULDERED GROSBEAK. | 951
been brought from Angola, but was most pro-
bably procured from some of the Portuguese set-
tlements in Brazil: by the Portuguese it is called
Azulam. —
BLUE-SHOULDERED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia virens. )
L. virens, humeris ceruleis.
Green Grosbeak, with the shoulders blue.
Loxia virens. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 303. 23.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.
853.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 392. 74.
Blue-shouldered Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.151, 70.
" Winc-coverts and shoulders. blue: quills and
tail black; with greenish margins: rest of the
bird green. Inhabits Surinam.
GREY GROSBEAKe
(Loxia grisea.)
L. ceruleo-grisea, facie colloque oe albis.
Blueish-grey Grosbeak, with the face and lower part of the
neck white.
Loxia grisea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 397 at Ind. Orn. 1.
382. 38.
Le Grisalbin. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 3. 467.
Gros-bec de Virginie. Buff: Pl. Enl. 393.f. 1.
Grey Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 134. 35.—Pen. Arct.
Zool. 2. 219.
Tus bird inhabits Virginia, and is about the
size of the Blue Titmouse, with the beak dark
brown: neck, and front of the head, white: the
rest of the body blue-grey: legs reddish, and
claws brown. It is in length four inches.
253
WHITE-THROATED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia grossa.)
L. cano-cerulescens, jugulo rectricibusque atris, gula alba, rostro
rubro.
Hoary-blue Grosbeak, with the jugulum and tail-feathers dark
coloured ; throat white; beak red.
Loxia grossa. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 307. 44.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.
864.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 374. 10.
Coccothraustes americanus cerulea. Briss. App. 89. t. 5.f. 1.
. —Buff. Hist. Nat. O1s. 3. 456.
Gros-bec bleu d’Amerique. Buff. Pl. Enl. 154. female.
White-throated Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Sup. 3. 115. 10.
Lenetu seven inches and a half: beak very
stout, and red; with a process on each side of the
upper. mandible, about the middle of the edge:
prevailing colour of the plumage deep blue: from
the beak to the lower part of the neck, a broad
black stripe; in the middle of which, on the chin
and throat, is a large patch of white: legs dusky-
blue: female with less white on the chin, and not
surrounded with black, as in the male. Supposed
to inhabit Surinam.
4
+
4
t 4
r
Fe!
%
254
WAX-BILL GROSBEAK,
(Loxia astrilda.)
L. grisea fusco-undulata, rostro, orbitisque coccineis.
Grey Grosbeak with brown undulations, the beak and orbits
crimson. «
Loxiaastrilda. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 303. 21.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.
852.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 392. 75.
Senegalus striatus. Briss. 3. 210. 64. ¢t. 10.6 5.
Le Senegali rayé. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.101. 2. f. 2.—Buf.
Fal Fial, V5 7. fae 2s
Wax-bill Grosbeak. Edwards. 179. 354.—Lath. Gen, Syn. 3.
152.71. A. Lath. Syn. Sup, IT, 198. 18.
B. subtus albida, uropygio crissogue coccineis.
Beneath whitish, with the rump and vent crimson.
Le Serevan. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 103.
Moineau du Senegal. Buff, Pl. Enl. 230. f. 3.
Red-rumped Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 153.—Brown. Iil.
t. 29. ,
y. subtus uropysioque tncarnata.
Beneath and with the rump rose-coloured.
Le petit moineau du Senegal. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ots. 4. 104.—
Buf, Pl. Enl. 230, f. 2.
White-rumped Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 153. 71. B.
Tuis is one of the most variable birds of the
genus: it is four inches in length: beak gibbous at
the base, and the colour of red sealing-wax : in co-
lour this bird varies exceedingly ; it is often found
with a streak of red passing through the eye; and
with the middle of the breast and belly the same
colour: the upper parts of the body brown, the
under reddish grey, crossed with transverse black-
ish lines on every part: legs, quills, and tail, brown;
WAX-BILL GROSBEAK. 955
the latter wedge-shaped, and crossed with lines of
darker brown: some birds have the vent and under
tail-coverts black ; and tye tail plain brown.
The second variety has the head and back part
of the neck cinereous: back, and wing-coverts,
brown: greater quills and tail dusky: upper tail-
coverts, and band on the vent, crimson: breast
and belly dirty white: this is also subject to va-
riety, as it is sometimes found with the sides of
the rump and wing-coverts spotted with white,
and with a yellow tinge all over the body: others
again have the under parts pale yellow, and the
beak and rump without any red.
The last distinct variety has a crimson streak
through the eyes, in the manner of the first: with
the throat, and sides of the neck, blueish-white:
the rest of the under parts of the body and rump
rose-coloured white: the top of the head, neck,
and back, pale blue, lightest on the head: wings
brown: tail blackish : legs red.
We are informed by Mr. Barrow that this bird
is so abundant where it is found, that sixty-three
have been shot with a small fowling-piece: it in-
habits Africa from Senegal to the Cape of Good
_ Hope; it is also found in India, and, according to
Linneeus, in Surinam.
256
RED-BILLED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia sanguinirostris. )
L, grisea subtus albida, rostro pedibusque sanguineis, gula nigra.
Grey Grosbeak, beneath whitish, with the beak and feet blood
red, and throat black. 3
Loxia sanguinirostris. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 303. 20—Amen.
Acad, A, 243.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 851.—Lath. Ind. Orn. he
392. 73.
Emberiza Quelea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 310. 8.—Gmel. Syst Nat.
1. 877.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 409. 31.
Passer senegalensis erythrorynchos. Briss. 3. 110. 19.t. 6.f. 1.
Passer erythrorynchos Capitis Bone Spei. ‘ Briss. 3. 108. 18. t.
5.f. 4. female. |
Le moineau a bec rouge. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 8. 485.—Buff.
Pl. Enl. 183. f. 2.
Brasilian Sparrow. Edwards. 271. f. 2.
Black-faced Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 192.28:
‘Red-billed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 151. 69.
B. rufo-rubra, supra fusco nigricanteque shoe SJacie gulaque
nigra.
Rufous-red, above variegated with fuscous and dusky, face and
throat black.
Moineau du Senegal. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 484.—Buff. PI
nl) 223.2
Black-faced Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 193. 28. A.
, Tuts is the size of Fringilla Spinus : beak thick,
and of a deep blood red: forehead above the eye,
and round to the chin, black: rest of the head,
neck, back, and wings, grey brown: breast, belly,
and bend of the wing, yellowish white: quills and
tail brown: legs pale red: middle of the feathers
sometimes blackish.
RED-BILLED GROSBEAK. 957
This species varies very much, so much so as
to have been put into different genera, being
sometimes found with the forehead, throat, and
cheeks, black: the rest of the head and upper
parts rufous grey: the middle of the feathers on
the back and upper parts dusky: the under parts
pale rufous, inclining to white on the breast and
belly: quills and tail blackish, with ash-coloured
margins: legs as above: female said to want the
black about the head.
The Moineau du Senegal of Buffon appears to
be another variety of this species: it has the head,
neck, and under parts red; inclining to rufous:
upper parts brown and dusky mixed: the fore-
head between the beak and eye, and round the
throat, black: legs brown: beak fine red.
This species is found over great part of Asia
and Africa.
7X. P. Il. - 18
258
BENGAL GROSBEAK.
(Loxia bengalensis.)
L. grisea, pileo flavo, temporibus albidis, abdomine albido fusco
maculato.
Grey Grosbeak, with the top of the head yellow, temples white ;
abdomen whitish, with brownish spots.
Loxia bengalensis, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 305. 32. oh Cond Syst.
Nat. 1. 857.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 382. 36. Briss. 3. 95.11.
L’Orchef. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 466.
Gros-bec des Indes. Buff. Pl. Enl. 393. f. 2.
Yellow-headed Indian Sparrow. Edwards. 189.
Bengal Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 133. 33.
Lancer than the House Sparrow: length five
inches and a half: beak flesh-coloured: irides
whitish: top of the head bright yellow: sides of
the head, and under parts, rufous white: upper
parts of the body brown, with pale edges: across
the breast a brown band, uniting to the same co-
lour on the upper parts of ‘he body: legs pale
yellow: claws grey: female similar in colour, but
not so bright.
This bird is very common in Hindostan: it is
very docile, and faithful, never voluntarily. de-
serting the place where its young are hatched,
but not averse, like most birds, to the society of
mankind; it is easily taught to perch on the hand
of its master. It generally builds its nest on the
highest tree it can find, and prefers that which
happens to overhang a well or rivulet: it is made _
of grass, and wove like cloth into the shape of a
CINEREOUS GROSBEAK. 259
large bottle, and suspended firmly on the branches,
- in such a manner as to rock with the wind; the en-
trance is below, to secure it from birds of prey.
The nest usually consists of two or three cham-
bers; and it is popularly believed that the bird
lights them with fire-flies, which it is said to catch
alive at night, and confine with moist clay, or
cow-dung: that such flies are often found in its
nest, where pieces of cow-dung are also stuck, is
indubitable; but as their light could be of little
service to he bird, it seems pBronanle that it only
feeds on them.
CINEREOUS GROSBEAK.
{ Loxia cana.)
L. cana, remigibus rectricibusque fuscis, pedibus rubris.
Hoary Grosbeak, with the quills and tail-feathers brown; feet
red,
Loxia cana. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1.305. 35.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.
: 859.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 393. 77:
Fringilla cinerea indica. Briss. Sup. 83.
La Linotte gris de fer. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 82.
Grey Finch. Edwards. 179. f. 1.
Cinereous Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 154. 73.
Axout the size of a Linnet: beak pale cine-
reous ; the base of the under mandible white: eyes
blackish: temples pale: upper parts of the plumage
dark ash-colour, which, as it approaches the rump,
gets paler: greater quills white at the base, and
260 : - CRESTED GROSBEAK.
blackish at the ends: under parts pale blueish-
ash: tail blackish, edged with pale ash: legs dull
flesh-colour: inhabits Asia.
CRESTED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia cristata.)
L. albicans, fronte cristata, uropygio pedibusque rubris, rectrici=
bus duabus intermediis longissimts.
Whitish Grosbeak with the forehead crested, rump and feet
red, and-two middle tail-feathers very long.
Loxia cristata. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 301. 9.—Gmel, Syst. Nat, 1.
849.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 378. 24.
Crested Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 125. 23.
Sarp to inhabit Ethiopia; and to be very large:
prevailing colour whitish: the forehead crested,
and, with the breast and rump, red: tail cinereous ;
two middle feathers twice as long as the rest : legs
red: in the female the crest and “breast are white.
261
ASIATIC GROSBEAK.
(Loxia asiatica.)
L. cinereo-rubescens subtus cinerea, abdomine pallide rubro, ca-
pite tectricibus alarum majoribus remigibus caudaque apice
nigris.
Reddish ash-coloured Grosbeak, beneath plain ash; abdomen
-. pale red; head, greater wing-coverts, quills, and tip of the
tail, black.
Loxia asiatica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 858.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
304. 83. |
Asiatic Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 155. 96.—Lath. Syn.
Sup. 153, 70. A.
In length about seven inches: beak stout,
slightly bent, and yellowish, with the point dusky:
irides red: head black: upper part of the neck,
body, and lesser wing-coverts, blueish ash-colour ;
beneath the same, but paler ;. with an orange Habe
beneath the wings: greater wing-coverts, quills,
and tail, black: quills, and two middle tail-fea-
thers, with white tips: legs red. Is said to vary
in having the upper parts of the body reddish
ash: belly pale red; and the quills, greater co-
verts, and tail, with black tips: called Lap-tzoy
in China, of which place it is a native.
262
WHITE-TAILED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia leucoura. }
L. cinerea, dorso luteo, pectore abdomineque flavescentibus, cauda
alba, rectricibus duabus extimis nigris.
Cinereous Grosbeak with the back yellow, breast and abdomen
yellowish ; tail white, and the two outward tail-feathers black.
Loxia leucoura. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 852.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
393. 76.
White-tailed Wax-bill Finch. Brown. Jil. t, 20. |
White-tailed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 154. 72.
In length three inches: beak of a beautiful
red, similar in colour to sealing-wax: head ci-
nereous: back fine yellow: breast and belly pale
yellow : wing-coverts ash-coloured : tail white, the
two outer feathers black: legs flesh-colour. In-
‘habits Brasil.
MALABAR GROSBEAK.
(Loxia malabarica.)
L. cinerea, remigibus rectricibusque nigris, gula crissoque albis.
Cinereous Grosbeak, with the quills and tail-feathers black ;
throat and vent white.
Loxia malabarica. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 305. 53.—Gmel. ee
Nat. 1. 857.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.394. 81.
Malabar Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 154. 74.
Tuis bird is of the size and shape of a Titmouse:
the beak is black: throat white: body cinereous:
vent whitish: quills and tail black: found in the
East Indies and Malabar.
263
PARADISE GROSBEAKe
(Loxia erythrocephala. )
L. cinerascens, capite purpurascente, pectore albo maculato.
Ash-coloured Grosbeak with the head purplish, and breast
spotted with white. j
Loxia erythrocephala. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 301. 10.—Gmel. eee
Nat. 1. 849.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 377. 20.
Cardinalis angolensis. Briss. App. 70. 60.
Sparrow of Paradise. Edwards. 180.
Paradise Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn, 3. 122. 19.—Lath. Syn.
Sup. 156.
Asovut six inches in length: beak flesh-colour :
head and chin red: hind part of the neck, back,
rump, and wing-coverts, blueish-ash: under parts
white, marked with black waved spots on the
sides: wing-coverts tipped with white, forming
two bars of that colour on the wing: quills and
tail deep ash, with grey tips; the upper coverts
of the latter margined with grey : legs flesh-colour.
Found at Angola; has been bred in an aviary, but
the young ones died, as they were forsaken by the
mother, in consequence of being too much dis-
turbed: the male has a very low note, and fre-
quently sings.
2.64.
CRESTED DOMINICAN GROSBEAK. |
(Loxia cucullata.)
L. cinerea, capite cristato gulaque coccineis, pectore abdomineque
albis, cauda longiore, rectricibus lateralibus nigricantibus.
Greyish Grosbeak with the head crested, and with the throat
crimson; breast: and abdomen white; tail long, the lateral
feathers blackish. See |
Loxia cucullata. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.378. 22. chee
Le Cardinal dominiquain huppé de la Louisiane. Buff. Hist.
~~ Nat. O1s. 3. 501.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 103. j
Crested Dominical Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. oe oe 193. 20. A.
Inuasits Brasil: boat with a long pointed
crest, and with the fore-part of the neck red:
back and wings cinereous: under parts white:
tail rather long, with the two middle feathers
_ einereous, the rest dusky.
SS
35
CR Previiqus
Toray” SSS
DTT
ni] Ms 4
¥ Y
<
CRESTED
rm i {
@ Ranges
bile
regis
CE,
ON
GUO Lan
DOMINICAN GROSBEAK.
AG
265
FRONTAL GROSBEAK.
(Loxia frontalis. )
L. cinereo-grisea subtus alba, vertice et cervice rufescentibus,
_ Grey ash-coloured Grosbeak, beneath white ; crown of the head
and upper part of the neck reddish,
Loxia frontalis. Lath. Syn. Sup. I. XLVI. 4.—Daud. Orn, 2.
445,
Frontal Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 196. 12.
Descrisep by Monsieur Daudin: beak pale
grey: on the forehead and at the base of the beak
are a few black feathers with white tips: crown of
the head and upper part of the neck pale rufous:
throat and under parts of the body white: upper
parts cinereous grey: legs and claws pale grey:
inhabits Senegal.
266
YELLOW-HEADED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia mexicana, )
L. grisea, fronte gula uropygio superciliisque luteis.
Grey Grosbeak, with the forehead, throat, rump, and line over
the eyes yellow. |
Loxia mexicana. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.304. 26.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 854.— Briss. 3. 97. 12.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 385. 50.
La Linotte a téte jaune. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 83. |
Yellow-headed Grosbeak. Edwards. Birds. 44.—Lath. Gen.
Syn. 3. 140. 46.
Innasits Mexico: length near six inches : beak
pale flesh-colour: irides hazel: front of the head,
cheeks, and throat yellow; with a brown band
passing behind the eyes towards the back: upper
parts of the body dull brown, with black spots ;
lower parts pale brown, with dull brown spots:
quills and tail blackish: legs dull brown.
267
PRASINE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia prasina. )
L. subtus cano-flavicans, uropygio rubro, pedibus flavis.
Mas. supra viridi-olvvacea.
Fem. supra fusco-olivacea, uropygio obsolete rubro.
Grosbeak beneath whitish yellow, with the rump red, and feet
yellow.
Male above olive-green.
Female above brown-olive, with the rump obsoletely red.
Loxia prasina. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 306. 91.
_ Prasine Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. 195. 8.
Inuapits the corn fields in the island of Java:
male olive-green above, and yellowish grey be-
neath, with a few red spots on the belly, rump
wholly red: tail rounded, black; the two middle
feathers red above, the others red on the outer
margin alone: legs yellow: female olive-brown
above, and yellow grey beneath: rump dull red:
quills cinereous, eight of the secondaries whitish
on the anterior margins and tips: tail-feathers
black with white tips: beak in both sexes black.
268
PARROT-BILLED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia psittacea. )
L. olwvaceo-fusca, capite colloque. flavis, mandibula superiore
adunca, inferiore subtruncata, |
Olive-brown Grosbeak, with the head and neck yellow ; the
upper mandible bent downwards, and the under one slightly
truncate.
Loxia psittacea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 844.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
371,'3. |
Parrot-billed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 108. 3. t. 42.
Tue beak of this bird is very like that of a Par-
rot, the under mandible being much shorter than
the upper, pale, but dusky at the tip; head and
part of the neck in the male yellow: the rest of
the plumage greenish olive-brown, paler beneath :
edges of the quills and tail yellowish: legs pale
brown: female similar to the male, except the
head, which only differs in colour from the other
parts of the body in having the sides spotted with
yellowish grey : tail in both sexes even at the end. —
Inhabits the Sandwich Islands. f
269
CANADA GROSBEAK.
(Loxia canadensis.)
L. veridi-olvvacea, subtus flavo-olivacea, capistro nigro.
Green-olive Grosbeak, beneath yellow olive, with the capistrum
black.
Loxia canadensis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.304. 29.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 856.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 379. 20.
Coccothraustes cayanensis, Briss. 3. 229. 4.t. 11.f. 3.
Le Flavert, Gros-bec de Cayenne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 462.
—Buff. Pl. Enl, 152. f. 2.
Canada Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2, 220.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
3. 127.27.
Size of Fringilla domestica: length near seven
inches: edges of the beak slightly margined in the
middle, and ash-coloured : upper parts of the body
olive-green: under parts the same, but paler and
inclining to yellow: capistrum and chin black:
legs grey: is sometimes found of a blue-grey co-
Jour above, instead of olive-green, and pale grey
beneath: female cinereous brown: found at Cay-
enne, and supposed by Linnzus to be a native of
Canada.
270
BROWN-CHEEKED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia canora.)
L. virescens subtus cinerea, genis fuscis flavo circumdatis.
Greenish Grosbeak, beneath ash-coloured, with the cheeks
brown, surrounded with yellow. |
Loxia canora. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 858.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
304. 84.
Brown-cheeked Grosbeak. Brown. Ill. 56. t. 24.—Lath. Gen.
— Syn. 3.155. 77.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 154.
Tus bird has a very pleasant and agreeable soft
note: it is called Tomfelio in Mexico; and is the
size of a Titmouse, with the beak stout, thick, and
dusky: cheeks brown, margined with a broad yel-
low band extending from beyond the ears to the
throat: breast and abdomencinereous: legswhitish :
the rest of the plumage pale dirty green.
271
YELLOW-BELLIED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia flaviventris. )
L. viridi-olivacea, dorso fusco maculato, subtus superciliisque
~ tutets, ;
Green-olive Grosbeak, with the back spotted with fuscous, bes
neath and line over the eyes yellow.
Loxia flaviventris. Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 856.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1, 384. 40.
Coccothraustes lutea Capitis Bone Spei. Briss, 3. 227.3. t. 11.
ft.
Yellow-bellied Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn, 3.138, 42.
%.
Five inches in length: beak pale coloured: on
each side of the head passing over the eye is a
stripe of yellow: head, hind part of the neck, and
back olive-green, sprinkled with brown: quills and
tail brown, with olive-green edges: under parts
of ‘the body plain yellow: rump olive-green : tail
slightly forked: legs grey: female not quice so
brilliant in colour. This bird varies in having the
crown of the head, upper parts of the body, and
breast bright olive-green: hind part of the neck
ash-colour, which colour passes forward and ends
in a point on the chin: belly and vent yellow:
quills black, edged with yellow: rump pale olive-
green: tail forked, dusky green, shafts of the fea-
thers black, edges yellow: inhabits the Cape of
Good Hope.
272
AFRICAN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia africana.)
— L. viridi-fusco griseoque variegata, subtus alba, tectricibus eeapir
rufis, rectrice extima macula alba.
Green-brown Grosbeak, variegated with grey, beneath white,
with the wing-coverts rufous, and the outer tail-feathers with
a white spot. |
Loxia africana. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 856.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
384, 43. ,
Le Verdier sans Vert. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 186.
African Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 137. 40.
Near six inches and a half in length: upper
parts of the body olive-brown and grey, mixed ;
upper wing-coverts rufous: greater quills edged
with rufous white; secondaries with pale rufous:
under parts of the body white, varied on the breast
with brown: tail olive-brown; the outer feathers
edged with rufous white, and the most exterior
one with a white spot near the tip. This bird has
a very great affinity to the common Greenfinch,
but is very different in colour: it comes from the |
Cape of Good Hope. ~
273
ST. DOMINGO GROSBEAK,
(Loxia dominicensis.)
L. viridi-fusca, subtus rufa fusco maculata, regrone oculorum
crissoque albis.
Green-brown Grosbeak, beneath rufous spotted with brown;
space round the eyes and vent white,
Loxia dominicensis. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.855.—Lath. Ind. Orn,
1. 383. 42.
Le Verderin de St. Domingue. Buff. Hist. Nat, Ois, 4, 185.—
Buff. Pl. Eni. 341. f. 2. ;
St. Domingo Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 137. 30.
Tuis bird is a native of St. Domingo, and is
near six inches in length : beak reddish : region of
the eyes white: plumage above green-brown ; the
feathers with pale edges: beneath dull rufous
spotted with brown: hinder parts of the abdomen
and vent white: quills black: tail and legs dusky
brown.
ms. 1X. PS 11. ‘19
ee
O74
YELLOW-FRONTED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia butyracea. )
L. virescens, fronte superciliis pectore abdomineque flavis, cauda
apice alba. .
~ Greenish Grosbeak, with the forehead, a line over the eyes, and
abdomen yellow ; tail white at the tip.
Loxia butyracea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 304. 28.—Gimel. Syst. Nat.
i 855.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 383. 41.
Le Verd brunet. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 182.
Verdier du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff: Pl. Ent. 341.f, 1.
Yellow-fronted Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn.3. 130. 38.
Tue length of the Yellow-fronted Grosbeak, is
about five inches: beak palish: forehead and tem-
ples yellow ; which colour joins a streak above the
eyes: prevailing colour above green spotted with
brown: beneath entirely yellow: tail blackish,
slightly forked, and tipped with white : legs black:
female with a whitish vent; all the quills but the
outer one dusky, with yellow margins, and pale at
the tip : lesser wing-coverts black, with green mar-_
gins, and the greater ones the same colour, edged
with pale brown: native of the Cape of Good |
Hope.
279
PENSILE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia pensilis, )
L. viridis subtus grisea, crisso rufo, capite colloque inferiore flavis,
remigibus rectricibusque nigris. |
Green Grosbeak, beneath grey, vent rufous, with the head and
lower part of the neck yellow; quills and tail-feathers black.
Loxia pensilis. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 860.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
381.34.
Le Nelicourvi de Madagascar. Son. Voy. Ind. 2. 200. 22.
Pensile Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.131. 32.
Tus bird is described by Sonnerat as a native
of Madagascar: it is above five inches in length:
beak black: irides, head, throat, and fore-part of
the neck yellow: from the nostrils to the back part
of the head, passing through the eyes, is a dull
green stripe, which gets broader after reaching the
eyes: hinder part of the head and neck, back,
wing-coverts, and rump yellow: quills black with
green edges: vent red: belly grey: legs and tail
black.
The nest of this bird is composed of straw and
reeds, and is of the shape of a bag with the opening
beneath: it is not made fresh every year, but the
new one is fastened to the end of the old one, till
at last five or six are found attached together ;
there are often as many as four or five hundred of
these nests found on a single tree, these birds being
very fond of society; the true nest is on one side
within: the bird is said to produce only three young
at a time.
270
DOMINICAN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia dominicana.)
L. nigra, capite gulaque coccineis, pectore abdemmne remigibusque
margine albis.
Black Grosbeak, with the head and throat crimson; breast, ab-
domen, and quills margined with white.
Loxia dominicana, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 301. 8—Amean. Acad.
4, 242.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 848.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 377-
21. . ,
Dominican Cardinal. Edwards. 127.
Dominican Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 123. 20. —Lath. Sy
Sup. 151.
GC. capite antertore guttureque finite rectricibus nigris cinereo
marginatis ; extima margine exteriore alba.
With the anterior part of the head and the throat red, tail-fea-
thers black, margined with cinereous, the outer one with the ©
exterior margin white. -
Cardinalis dominicanus. Briss. 3. 116. 22. t.6.f0 4.
Cardinal dominiquain. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 500.—Buff. Pi.
Enl. 55. 2. .
Pope Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 211.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
124..20, 6.
Tus bird appears to vary very much: it is the
size of a Lark: beak stout: the upper mandible
brown, the under pale flesh-colour: eyes blueish: |
head, throat, and fore-part of the neck bright red:
hind part of the neck blackish, with a mixture of |
white; sides of the latter whitish: back, rump, |
wing, upper tail-coverts, and scapulars grey, spot- |
_ted with black: breast, belly, thighs, and vent |
whitish: quills black, edged with white : tail black : .
legs cinereous.
Ot sts
} :
DOMINICAN GROSBEAK. OT
The Pope Grosbeak of the Arctic Zoology is
apparently a variety of this bird; it is of the same
size, but differs in markings from the above: the
head as far as the crown, the cheeks, and throat
are of a fine red, ending in a point on the fore-part
of the neck: hind head, back of the neck, and all
the under parts white, with a black stripe running
down the back of the neck: back, scapulars, and
rump greyish; some of the feathers of the former
margined with black: quills black, ‘with white
edges; secondaries partly tipped with the latter
colour: wing-coverts black, with a white fascia on
the larger ones: tail similar to the wings: legs
and claws grey-brown: female with the forehead
orange-yellow, dotted with red, in other respects
similar to the male. »
Inhabits Brasil and many parts of North Ame-
rica. | :
278
RED-BREASTED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia ludoviciana.)
L. nigra, pectore rubro, ventre alarum ae basique remigum
albts.
Black Grosbeak, with the breast red ; : hale quills, and fascia at
the base of the wings white. |
Loxia ludoviciana. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 306. 38.—Gmel. "Syst
Nat. 1, 861.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1, 379. 25.
Coccothraustes ludoviciana. Briss. 3. 247. 14. t. 12..f. 2.
Le Rose-gorge. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 460.
Gros-bec de la Louisiane. Buff: Pl. Enl. 153. 2.
Red-breasted Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 212,—Lath. Gen. Sym.
3. 126. 24.
Tue Red-breasted Grosbeak is in length six
inches and three quarters: beak brown: head,
upper parts of the body and half of the tail black :
breast and under wing-coverts light purple: belly,
thighs, vent, and rump white, the first varied with
a few purple spots: on the wings are three white
stripes; one across the coverts, a second parallel
to the edge of the wing, and the other on the tip
of the scapulars: half of the three outer tail-fea-
thers white, and the tip of the fourth on the inner
web the same: legs brown: varies in having the
sides of the breast and thighs of a ferruginous
brown: vent pale yellow. Found at Louisiana.
279
PEARLED GROSBEAK.
( Loxia perlata. )
L, nigra subtus fusca, postice albo nigroque varia.
Black Grosbeak, beneath brown; hinder parts varied with black
and white.
Loxia perlata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 858.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
395. 86. :
Pearled Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 156. 79.
Tuts bird very much resembles L. lineata, and
may eventually prove nothing but a variety : it is
an inhabitant of Whidah in Africa, and is the size
of a Wren, with the head and upper parts of the
body black: lower parts brown, mixed in a beau-
tiful manner with black towards the thighs and
tail: said to have an agreeable note, and to feed
on grain.
280
ANGOLA GROSBEAK.
(Loxia angolensis.)
L. nigro cerulea, ventre ferrugineo, macula alarum alba.
Black cerulean Grosbeak, with the belly ferruginous, and a
white spot on the wing.
Loxia angolensis. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1,303. 24.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 854.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 389. 60.
Black Grosbeak. Edwards. 352. f. 2.
Angola Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 145. 53.
Lenetu five inches: size of the Bullfinch: beak
dusky: eyes dark-coloured: lower part of the
breast, abdomen, and vent dull red: spot on the
middle of the wing and another on the edge white:
the remainder of the plumage blueish black: legs
flesh-colour: from Angola. ,
28 1
RADIATED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia lineata.)
L. nigra subtus alba, lateribus corporis basique remigum primorum
albo nigroque transversim striatis.
Black Grosbeak, beneath white, with the sides of the body and
the base of the primary quills transversely striated with black
and white. |
Loxia lineata. Gel. Syst. Nat, 1. 858.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
305. 85.
- Radiated Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3,176. 78.
Turis beautiful little bird is about the size of the
Linnet, with a stout, thick, and white beak : head,
neck, breast, and lesser wing-coverts black: se-
condaries, sides of the body, and base of the
primaries striated with black and white; the tips
of the latter black: abdomen and vent white : tail
black, three quarters of an inch in length: legs
_ dusky.
-
282
NITID GROSBEAK.
( Loxia nitida.)
L. lineolis transversis interruptis nigris notata, corpore supra
fusco subtus albido, rostro uropygioque COCCINELS.
Grosbeak marked with transverse interrupted black lines; the
body above fuscous, beneath whitish ; beak and rump crimson.
Loxia nitida. Lath. Syn, Sup. II, XLVII. 9.
Nitid Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 198.17. t. 131.
6. grisea nigro transversim lineata, loris nigris, rostro uropygioque
coccinels. ;
Grey, transversely striped with black ; lores black; beak and
rump crimson. :
Loxia bella. Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. XLVI. 8.
Black-lined Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 198. 16,
Tur Nitid and Black-lined Grosbeaks of Dr.
Latham do not appear sufficiently distinct from
each other to warrant their being considered as
two species. They are both found at New South
Wales, and are called Weebong: the former is thus
described by Dr. Latham : “ size of the Black-lined
Grosbeak, but stouter in the body: the general
colour of the plumage pale olive-brown above, and
dusky white beneath, crossed every where with
short abrupt curved lines of black: quills and tail
brown, marked with several bands of-a darker co-
lour: the beak, irides, lower part of the back and
rump are crimson: legs yellowish.” ‘The Black-
lined Grosbeak appears to differ principally in-
having the space between the beak and the eyes |
black; and the feet brown, instead of yellowish. © |
Pay Wi ui
m mah
y ti) i!
TT
Nain
- SS
oer
=
ae wie
Mann Fn
er CO
NiITImD GROSBEAK.
; R $ aa
ee
SUN
iS
283
WHITE-WINGED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia panicivora.)
L, nigra, alula alba, rostro griseo.
Black Grosbeak, with the wing white, and beak grey.
Loxia panicivora. Lin. Syst. Nat.1.302. 15.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 851.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 388. 57.
Pyrrhula Africana nigra. Briss. 3. 317. 4.
Bouvreuil noir d’Afrique. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 385.
White-winged Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 144. 52.
Tuts bird, with the exception of a white spot
on the wing-coverts, is entirely black: it is a na-
tive of Africa, and about the size of the Hawfinch :
the beak is half an inch in length and grey: the
legs are ash-coloured: length above seven inches.
284
LONG-TAILED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia longicauda.)
L. nigra, tectricibus alarum dorsoque medio fascia transversa
rufo-lutea, cauda longiore cuneiforme.
Black Grosbeak with a transverse rufous yellow fascia on the
back and wing-coverts; tail very long and wedge-shaped.
Loxia longicauda. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 373. 9.
Loxia macroura. | Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 845.
Le Pere-noire 3 longue queue. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 487.
Moineau du royaume de Juda. Buff. Pl. Enl. 183. 1.
Long-tailed Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. 3. 114. 8.
Tuts bird is a native of Whidah and Senegal
in Africa, and is about the size of the House Spar-
row: length seven inches: prevailing colour of
the plumage black, with a rufous yellow bar across
the back and wing-coverts: tail wedge-shaped, |
and nearly half the length of the bird: beak and —
legs dusky.
285
GOLD-BACKED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia aurea.)
L. nigra, dorso uropygioque luteis, tectricibus alarum_fuscescenti-
bus nigro maculatis,
Black Grosbeak with the back and rump yellow; wing-coverts
brownish, spotted with black.
Loxia aurea. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 846.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
373. 8.
Gold-backed Grosbeak. Brown, Ill, 25.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
115. 9.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 149.
»A very beautiful species, with the beak, head,
and neck deep black: back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts, of a rich golden yellow: the ends of the
two latter fringed with dusky: wing-coverts light
brown, spotted with black : breast and belly black :
all but the two middle tail-feathers with pale edges:
legs blueish: female of a dark brown, to which
colour the male is said to change in the winter.
Found at Benguela in Africa.
286
ASH-HEADED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia indica.)
L, nigricans, subtus albida, capite colloque cinerets, cauda apice
alba. ; |
Dusky Grosbeak, beneath whitish, with the head and néck ash-
coloured ; tail white at the tip.
Loxia indica. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 394. 80.
Ash-headed Grosbeak, Lath. Syn, Sup. 155.
Tuis bird is described on the authority of Dr.
Latham, who says it is found in India, and is very
small; with the beak blue: head and neck slaty
ash-colour: back, wings, and tail, dusky; the
latter tipped with white: breast and belly dirty
white: legs blue.
CAFFRARIAN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia caffra.)
L. atra, remigibus fuscts, humeris coccineis.
Dark-coloured Grosbeak, with the quills brown, and shoulders
~ crimson.
Loxia caffra. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 858.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.393.
ence!
Caffrarian Grosbeak. Lath, Syn, Sup. II. 194. 6.
Tue Caffrarian Grosbeak is the size of the Bull-
finch: beak cinereous brown: prevailing colour of
the plumage black: shoulders crimson: wing-co-
MARYGOLD GROSBEAK. 87
verts white: quills brown, margined with white:
tail sometimes more than twice the length of the
body: legs grey: female entirely grey.
This bird inhabits the Cape of Good Hope: it |
makes rather a curious nest, which is composed of
grass, fastened between two reeds, and globular,
with the entrance through a long cylinder, and
near the water. Its flight is very slow, so that it
may be easily shot, and in bad weather it 1s rea-
dily taken with the hand: the male is said to
change to a grey colour in the winter.
MARYGOLD GROSBEAK,
(Loxia bonariensis.)
L, nigricans, subtus flavescens, capite colloque supertore cerulets,
jugulo pectoreque fulvis.
Blackish Grosbeak, beneath yellowish, with the head and upper
part of the neck blue; jugulum and breast brownish.
Loxia bonariensis. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 850.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 385. 47.
Le noir-souci. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 150.
Marygold Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 139. 43.
Frequents gardens and cultivated places at
Buenos Ayres in September, feeding on grass and
seeds: it is seven inches in length: beak black-
ish, short, strong, and convex, the under man-
dible palest ; nostrils round, placed near the base
of the beak, and perforated : head, and upper part
of the neck, blue: throat, fore-part of the neck,
288 CAPE GROSBEAK.
and breast, beautiful orange-yellow: upper parts
of the body blackish: belly and vent pale yellow:
quills and tail blackish, with blue edges: legs red-
dish : claws channelled, and sharp. The male and
female appear to be very much attached to each
other, and are only seen in pairs. |
CAPE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia capensis. )
L. atra, uropygio tectricibusque alarum luteis.
Dark-coloured Grosbeak, with the rump and wing-coverts yel-
low.
Loxia capensis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 306. 39.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 862.—Sparrow. Voy. 1.174.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 373.7.
Fringilla Capitis Bone Spei. Briss. 3.171. 45.4. 16.7. 1.
Le Pinson noire et jaune. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ors. 4, 142.
Le Gros-bec de Coromandel. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 456.—
Buff. Pl. Enl. 101. 1. !
Cape Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 113. 7.—Lath. Syn. Sup.
149.
B. fusca, pennis medio nigris, tectricibus alarum uropygiogue
luteis.
Brown, with the feathers black in the middle ; wing-coverts and
rump yellow.
Gros-bec tacheté du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff. Hist.
Nat. Ois.—3. 473.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 659. 1. :
Larcer than a Chaftinch, being above six inches
in length: beak stout, and dusky: head, neck,
upper part of the back, under parts of the body
and tail deep black: feathers on the head short
and shining: shoulders and lower part of the back
BLACK-BELLIED GROSBEAK. 289
and rump bright yellow: greater quills, second-
aries, and coverts, reddish brown; the former
edged with yellow, the two latter with grey: lower
part of the thighs pale brown: legs dusky.
Buffon describes and figures a variety, or pro-
bably the female, or young bird, which is brownish
above, with each feather spotted in the middle with
black: sides of the head, wing-coverts, and under
parts of the body dirty white, marked with black:
shoulders and rump pale yellow: quills and tail
black, the former with yellow edges, the latter with
grey: beak and legs pale. Inhabits the Cape of
Good Hope and coast of Coromandel,
BLACK-BELLIED ‘GROSBEAK.
(Loxia melanogastra. )
L. lutea fusco contaminata, gula pectore abdomineque nigris, alis
caudaque fuscis, |
Yellow Grosbeak sprinkled with brown, with the throat, breast,
and abdomen black; wings and tail brown.
Loxia afra. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 857.
Loxia melanogastra. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.394. 82.
Black-bellied Grosbeak. Brown. Ill. 58. t. 24.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
3. 155.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 153,
Tue beak of this bird is black: head, sides, and
tail-coverts, fine yellow, sprinkled in many parts
with light brown: chin, breast, and belly, black:
wings and tail brown: in the winter it changes —
entirely to.a light brown. Inhabits Africa.
UW OTK: P. IL. 20
290
GAMBIA GROSBEAK.
(Loxia Gambensis.)
L. lutea, captte atro.
Yellow Grosbeak, with a black head.
Loxia melanocephala. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.305. 34.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 859.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 391. 69.
Coccothraustes Gambensis. Briss. 3. 230. 5.
Gambia Grosbeak, Albin, 3. t. 62—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 149.
65.
Tue whole bird yellowish green, with the ex-
ception of the irides, head, throat, and fore-part
of the neck, which are black: beak cinereous:
legs blueish ash-colour: inhabits Gambia, and is
six inches anda quarter in length.
YELLOW GROSBEAK..
(Loxia flavicans.)
L. flavo, dorso flavicante, capite fulvo.
Yellow Grosbeak, with the back yellowish, and head fulvous.
Loxia flavicans. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 302. 13.—Ameen. Acad. 4.
244.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.850.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 385. 48.
Yellow Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 139. 44.
Beak short and thick, the base reaching on the
forehead further than usual: head, neck, breast,
belly, and vent, yellow; the top of the first paler:
back, wings, and tail, greenish-yellow: quills and -
SUMATRAN GROSBEAK. 291
tail margined with yellowish; the bend of the
former bright yellow: legs pale. Inhabits many
parts of Asia.
SUMATRAN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia hypoxantha. )
L. flavicans, fronte superciliisque luteis, remigibus rectricibusque
nigris margine flavescentibus.
Yellowish Grosbeak, with the forehead and a line over the eyes
yellow ; quills and tail-feathers black, with yellowish margins,
Loxia hypoxantha. Daudin, Orn. 2. 429.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
384. 44. | ,
Sumatran Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 194. 5.
Native of the rice fields of Sumatra, and is the
size of Embriza Civis: beak pale coloured: irides
rufous: forehead yellow: prevailing colour of the
plumage on the upper parts yellowish green: wings
dusky black, with yellow margins: under parts
yellow: tail black, even at the end, with the fea-
thers bordered with yellowish: legs pale coloured.
292
NUN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia collaria.)
L. flavescens, pectore collarique flavis, temporibus nigris.
Yellowish Grosbeak, with the breast and neck yellow, and tem-
ples black.
Loxia collaria. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.305. 31.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.
857.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 382. 37.
Le Gros-bec Nonette. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 446.—Buf.
Pl. Enl, 393. 3.
Le Grivelin a Cravate. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. qa
Gros-bec d’Angola. Buff: Pl. Enl. 659. 2.
Nun Grosbeak. Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 133. 34.
Tuis bird is an inhabitant of the East Indies
and Angola; it is the size of the Blue Titmouse,
and four inches and a half in length: beak black:
forehead naked: temples black: top of the head
and upper parts of the body greenish blue: under
parts, collar on the neck, and rump, rufous white :
across the breast a mottled black band: wings
rufous yellow and black, mixed: tail black: legs
pale brown: the supposed opposite sex is figured
by Buffon, and differs in having the upper parts of
a darker colour; the white collar round the neck,
and the mottled band on the breast, much broader >
than in the above: the under parts are more rufous; .
and there is a white spot near the edge of the wing,
at the base of the quills.
293
YELLOW-RUMPED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia hordeacea. )
L. fulva, temporibus albis, cauda pectoreque atris.
Fulvous Grosbeak, with the temples white; tail and breast
black.
Loxia hordeacea, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 303. 19.—Gmel. Syst, Nat.
1. 852.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 385. 49.
Yellow-rumped Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 140. 45.
Or this bird, which is a native of India, the
temples are white: the head, neck, and rump, are
fulvous: the breast, space between the temples
and beak, wings, and tail, black: the shoulders,
thighs, vent, and margins of the tail-feathers,
grey.
294:
ABYSSINIAN GROSBEAK.
( Loxia abyssinica.)
L. fla, vertice genis gula pectoreque nigris ; alis caudaque fus«
Cs.
Yellow Grosbeak, with the crown, cheeks, throat, and breast
~ black; wings and tail brown.
Loxia abyssinica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 860.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 381. 33.
Gros-bec d’Abyssinie, Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 474.
Abyssinian Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 131. 31.
Tue Abyssinian Grosbeak is about the size of
the Hawfinch: beak very stout, and black: top
and sides of the head, with the throat, cheeks, and
breast, black: irides red: upper parts of the body,
belly, and thighs, pale yellow, with a brown tinge
on those parts where the colours join each other :
scapulars blackish: quills brown: wing-coverts
and tail the same ; the former with grey, and the
latter with yellow edges: legs reddish grey.
The nest of this bird is very singular : it is of a
pyramidal shape, and suspended from the ends of
the branches of trees: the opening is on the side
facing the east; and the cavity is divided by a
partition down the middle; about the centre of
this partition is the opening to the true nest, which
is situated some distance downward from the en-
trance, by which contrivance the bird is protected
from the assaults of various wild animals that seek
to destroy it, as well as from the rain: it is a
native of Abyssinia.
295
WARBLING GROSBEAK.
(Loxia cantans.)
L. fusca nigricante transversim lineata, subtus alba.
Brown Grosbeak, transversely striped with dusky; beneath
white.
Loxia cantans. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 859.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
395. 88.
Brown Grosbeak. Brown. Ill. 66. t. 27.
Warbling Grosbeak. Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 157.81.
Tuts bird is frequently brought over to Eng-
land from its native country (Africa), on account
of its song; but it does not live long: the most
common appearance is as follows: length four
inches: beak dusky: upper parts of the plumage
brown, with narrow obscure dusky lines: belly
white: tail deep brown, and wedge-shaped : legs
blueish: many of these birds are mottled on the
chin and sides of the body with dusky and white,
and of a pale yellow beneath.
296
DUSKY GROSBEAK.
(Loxia obscura.)
L. fusco-nigricans, gula media corporeque subtus albis, lateribus
Jusco maculatis, tectricibus alarum albo bifasciatis.
Brownish-black Grosbeak, with the throat in the middle and
body beneath white, the sides spotted with fuscous, and the
wing-coverts with two white fascia.
Loxia obscura. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 862.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1,
379. 27.
Dusky Grosbeak. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 216. saa Gen, ays
8.127. 26.
Tuts bird has the head, neck, and back dusky,
edged with pale brown: wing-coverts dusky, with
two white bars: middle of the throat white : sides
of the breast and belly white, with brown spots :
quills green. Found at New York in the summer
season. nee
297
HUDSONIAN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia Hudsonica. )
L. fusca, abdomine albo, lateribus fusco maculato, tectricibus ala-
rum rufo bifasciatis,
Brown Grosbeak, with the abdomen white, the sides hte
with brown ; wing-coverts with two red bands.
- Loxia Hudsonica. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 379. 28.
Hudsonian Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 192. 2.
Known at Hudson’s Bay by the name of Alic-
koom-a-shish, where it is not uncommon: length
five inches: beak short, thick, and brown : plumage
above brown, the feathers bordered with rufous:
breast and belly white, with long brown dashes:
middle of the belly and vent white: greater and
middle wing-coverts tipped with rufous, forming
a band of that colour on the wing: tail slightly
forked: legs brown. >
298
FASCINATING GROSBEAK.
(Loxia fascinans, )
L. fusco-nigra subtus alba, rectricibus exterioribus albis,
Brown-black Grosbeak, beneath, and with the outer tail-feathers
white.
Loxia fascinans, Lath. Syn. Sup. I. XLVI. 7.
‘Fascinating Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 197. 14. ~
Tue manners of this bird are said to be very
pleasing, from whence it is called the fascinating
bird at Port Jackson in New South Wales, of
which place it is a native: it is rather larger than -
the Bullfinch: the upper parts of the body dusky
black, inclining to brown : under parts white : two
outer tail-feathers white: legs and beak dusky.
ASH-COLOURED GROSBEAK.
( Loxia cinerea. )
L. fusco-nigricans, capite cristato, abdomine albido, pedibus ru-
bris.
Brown-dusky Grosbeak, with the head crested, abdomen whitish,
and feet red. :
Loxia cinerea. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. XLV.2.—Mus. Carls. fas.
4.t. 88.
Ash-coloured Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 196. 10.
One of the largest of the genus: the beak is
stout and pale : hind head crested : plumage above
J
BLUE-WINGED GROSBEAK. 299
cinereous brown: beneath nearly white: tail-fea-
thers very long and black, with white margins on
the outward edge: legs red. Found at Malacca,
Sumatra, and Java.
BLUE-WINGED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia cyanoptera.)
L. ctnereo-fusca, capistro saturatiore, alis et cauda ceruleis, ree
migibus exterioribus basi albis.
Grey-brown Grosbeak, with the capistrum darker, wing and tail
blue, and the outer quills white at the base.
Loxia cyanoptera.’ Lath, Syn. Sup. II. XLVI. 6.
Blue-winged Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 197. 14.
In length seven inches: beak blue: prevailing
colour cinereous brown, but darker round the
base of the beak to the eyes: wings fine blue, with
a white spot on the outer edge of the middle of
the wing, formed by the base of the outer quills
being of that colour: tail likewise blue, but not so
dark as the wings ; all the feathers with white tips :
legs blue. Found at Port Jackson in New South
Wales.
$00
SUNDA _GROSBEAK.s
(Loxia Javensis. )
L. fusco-cinerea, capillitio remigibus ac rectricibus nigris, tempoe
ribus abdomineque cinereo-albicantibus. |
Greyish-brown Grosbeak, with the barbs of the quills and tail-
feathers black; temples and abdomen cinereous white.
Loxia Javensis. Mus. Carls. fas. 4. t. 88.—Lath. Syn. Sup. II.
ALV,1. 3
Sunda Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II, 195. 9.
Tuis species inhabits the islands of Sumatra and
Java: it is the size of a Bullfinch: top of the head
black: prevailing colour greyish brown : from the
chin the under parts are paler than the Sl
belly and thighs white: quills and tail black:
condaries brown, margined with sere: ee
pale yellow.
30}
WHITE-HEADED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia Maja.)
L. fusca, capite albo.
Brown Grosbeak, with the head white.
Loxia Maia. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 301. 11.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.
840.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 301. 72.
Le Maia de la Chine. Briss. 3. 212. 65. t. 9. f. 2.—Buff. Pl.
Enl. 109. f- 1.
Maian. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 107. t. 3. lower figure.
Malacca Grosbeak. Edwards. 306.f. 1.
White-headed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 151. 68.
Tuts bird comes from Malacca and China. It
is four inches. in length: beak grey brown, palest
beneath: head and neck dirty white: breast pale
brown: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail
chesnut brown: second and fourth quill-feathers
white: belly and vent blackish: legs grey. Buffon
describes the breast and belly both black.
302
TOTTY GROSBEAK.
(Loxia Totta. )
L, testaceo-fusca, subtus albida, remigibus ree omnibus
nigris, summo apice albis.
Testaceous-brown Grosbeak, beneath white, with the quills and
tail-feathers black, all of them tipped with white.
Loxia Totta. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.858.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.393.
79. 3
Totty Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. 156.
Tuts bird is found in Caffraria, in the neigh-—
bourhood of the Cape of Good Hope, and India ;
in the latter place it is called Totty: it is in length
four inches : beak nearly white: forehead greenish
brown: crown of the head, hind part of the neck,
space between the shoulders, and upper. wing-
coverts testaceous brown: body beneath brownish
white: quills and tail black, all the feathers with
white tips: feet black.
303
- SOCIABLE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia socia.)
L. rufo-fusca, subtus flavescens, capistro nigro, cauda brevi.
Reddish-brown Grosbeak, beneath yellowish ; capistrum black ;
tail short.
Loxia socia. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 381. 35.
Loxia, Paterson. Cape. t. p. 126, bird and nest.
Tisserin republicain. Daud. Orn. 2. 397.
Sociable Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. I. 192. 3.
Tur Sociable Grosbeak is about the size of a
Bullfinch, being five inches and a half in length :
beak and lore black: prevailing colour of the
plumage rufous brown; beneath yellow: yellowest
round the ear: tail short: legs brown. |
Inhabits the interior country at the Cape of
Good Hope, where it was first discovered by Mr.
Paterson, who gives the following history of it.
‘«< Few species of birds live together in such large
societies, or have such an extraordinary mode of
nidification as these: they build their nests on the
Mimosa trees, which grow to a very large size,
and appear to be well calculated for the purpose,
as the smoothness of their trunks prevents the
birds from being attacked by Monkeys, and other
noxious animals. The method in which their nests
are made is very curious. On one tree there could
not be less than from eight hundred to a thousand
under one general roof: I call it a roof, because it
resembles that of a thatched house, and projects
304 SOCIABLE GROSBEAK.
over the entrance of the nest below in a very sin-
gular manner. The industry of these birds seems
almost equal to that of the Bee. Throughout the
day they appear to be busily employed in carrying
a fine species of grass, which is the principal ma-
terial they employ for the purpose of erecting this —
extraordinary work, as well as for additions and
repairs. ‘Though my short stay in the country
was not sufficient to satisfy me by ocular proof
that they added to their nest as they annually in-
creased in numbers; still, from the many ‘trees
which I have seen borne down by the weight, and
others which I have observed with their boughs
completely covered over, it would appear that this
is really the case. When the tree which is the
support of this aérial city is obliged to give way
to the increase of weight, it is obvious that they
are no longer protected, and are under the neces-
sity of rebuilding in other trees. One of these de-
serted nests I had the curiosity to break down to —
inform myself of the internal structure of it; and
found it equally ingenious with that of the sehaingh
There are many entrances, each of which forms a
regular street, with nests on both sides, at about two
inches distance from each other. The grass with »
which they build is called the Boshmans-grass :
and I believe the seed of it to be their principal
food; though, on examining their nests, I found
the wings and legs of aifiunedtt insects. From
every appearance the nest which I dissected had
been inhabited for many years; and some parts of
it were much more complete than others. ‘This,
FAN-TAILED GROSBEAK. 305
therefore, I conceive to amount nearly to a proof
that the animals added to it at different times, as
they found necessary from the increase of the
family, or rather of the nation or community.”
This species also constructs its nests on the
Acacia trees and the Aloé Dichotornes, which
grows to a very large size. Mr. Barrow notices
one that had steps cut in its sides to enable a
person to climb up for the nests.
Supposed to be a variety of L, tatta, by Monsieur
Daudin. .
FAN-TAILED 4ROSBEAK.
(Loxia flabellifera. )
L. rubro-fusca subtus rubescens, remigibus caudaque fuscis.
Reddish-brown Grosbeak, beneath reddish; quills and _ tail
brownish,
Loxia flabellifera. Gel, Syst. Nat. 1.850.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1.
380. 30. .
La Queue en Eventail de Virginié. Buff. Hist. Nat. O1s.3. 463.
—Buff. Pl. Enl. 380.
Fan-tailed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 128. 28.
Axsout five inches in length: beak strong and
dusky: prevailing colour of the plumage above
reddish-brown, with the rump paler: below rather
inclined to red: quills, tail, and legs dusky: fe-
male with the breast and belly grey. Called Fan-
tails in Virginia, from the circumstance of their
carrying the tail expanded.
im, ik, P. Ie om
306
ORANGE-BELLIED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia bicolor.) -
L. fusca, subtus rubra, aut alba, pedibus fuscise
Brown Grosbeak, beneath red, or white, with the legs brown.
Loxia bicolor. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 307. 48.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. f.
865.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 395. 89. .
Fringilla rubra minor. Briss, 3. 164. 40:
Le Brunor. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 137.
Bouvreuil 4 ventre roux de Cayenne. Buf. Pl. Enl. S10. f,, 25
Little Brown Bullfinch. Edwards. 83. f. 1.
Orange-bellied Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 157. 82.
Leneru three inches and a quarter : beak short,
thick, and whitish : upper parts of the body pale
brown: under parts dull reddish orange: legs
brown: the female has a black beak: the under
parts of the body white, inclined to ferruginous
on the chin, and legs blueish: inhabits India and
China.
307
SPOTTED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia maculata.)
L. obscure fusca albo maculata, subtus albida maculis subfuscis,
superciliis pallidis, rectribus duabus extimis apice albo maculatis.
Dull fuscous Grosbeak spotted with white ; beneath white with
subfuscous spots; supercilia pale; the two outer tail-feathers
white at the tip and spotted.
Loxia maculata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 861.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
379. 26.
Spotted Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn, 3. 126. 25.—Pen. Arct.
Zool, 2.213. | :
SupproseD toinhabit North America: beak pale,
rather stout, with a dusky tip; plumage on the
upper parts dusky; each feather spotted with
white at the end, except those of the quills and
greater coyerts: over the eye a pale streak: un-
der parts dirty white, marked with dusky streaks :
the outer web of the most exterior tail-feather
white nearly to the tip, with a white spot close to
the tip of the inner web; the next feather nearly -
similar: quills and tail fringed with dusky white
on the outer web: legs pale brown.
308
BROWN-HEADED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia ferruginea. )
L, nigra, marginibus primarum flavis, subtus flavescens, pectore
JSerrugineo, capite gulaque. fuscis.
Black Grosbeak, with the margins of the feathers yellow; be-
neath yellowish, with the breast ferruginous ; head and throat
brown. | ;
Loxia ferruginea. Gel, Syst. Nat. 1.853.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1.
389. 62.
Brown-headed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 145. 54.
Tuis bird is very scarce: it is in length six
mches: beak stout, and horn-coloured: head and
chin dusky brown: back and wing-coverts black; .
the feathers with deep yellow margins: breast
dark ferruginous: abdomen and vent dull yellow ;
palest on the vent: quills and tail dusky, with
yellow margins: legs pale: tail even at the end.
309
MUSTACHOE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia mystacea. )
L. fusco-olivacea subtus albida, capite et cervice rufo-fuscis, su-
percilits et macula oris coccineis. |
Brown-olive Grosbeak, beneath whitish, with the head and upper
part of the neck reddish brown ; line over the eyes and spot
near the mouth crimson.
Loxia mystacea. Lath. Syn, Sup. II. XLVI. 5.—Daud. Orn.
2. 446, :
Mustachoe Grosbeak. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 197. 13.
Tuts bird, which comes from Cochin China, is
the size of a Wren: beak tipped with black, and
reddish brown at the base: head and upper parts
of the neck reddish brown; with a brilliant red
streak above the eyes, and another at the corners
of the mouth : upper parts of the body, wings, and
tail brown, with an olive tinge : lower parts whitish
grey: throat and fore-part of the neck pale grey:
legs flesh-colour: claws grey. |
310
GREEN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia Chloris.)
L. flavicante-virens, remigibus primoribus antice luteis, rectricibus
lateralibus quatuor basi luteis. :
Yellowish-green Grosbeak, with the primary quills in front, and
the four lateral tail-feathers yellow. |
Loxia Chloris. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 304. 27.—Lin. Faun. Suec.
226.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 854.—Briss. 3. sae 54.—Lath.
Ind. Orn. 1. 382. 39. .
Le Verdier... Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois, 4.172: on —Buf. Pl. Enl,
267 2
Greenfinch. Pen. Brit. Zool. 117.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 353. B.
— Albin. 1. 58.— Lewin, Brit. Birds. 2.69.—Montague. Brit.
Birds. 1 ara Gen. iia . 134, 36.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 152.
— Bewich. ‘
Tue Greenfinch is rather larger than a Sparrow:
the beak is thick and whitish: irides dark hazel :
head and back yellowish green; the. edges of the
feathers greyish inclining to athe colour alos the
sides of the head and wade : rump and breast more
yellow: greater quills yellow on the outer webs ;
those next the body greyish: tail slightly forked ;
the middle feathers dusky, and the four outer fea-
thers on each side yellow on their exterior webs:
legs flesh-colour: female not so bright, and with
a brown cast: sometimes found quite white.
This bird is common all over the continent of
Europe, but occurs very rarely in Russia: it con-
structs its nest in a low and thick bush or hedge,
composed of dry grass, and lined with hair, wool,
=
SS
Sa
GREEN GROSBEAK.
mm
30
CHINESE GROSBEAK. Shed
and feathers, laying four or five eggs that are
similar to the Linnet’s, of a greenish cast, with a
rusty red mark at the larger end; and the female
is so careful of them during the time of incubation
that she may be easily taken out of her nest: the
male is said to assist her in guarding the eggs. Its
food is principally seed and grain; and it is easily
tamed, as it will become familiar almost as soon
as taken: its native song is very trifling, but in
' confinement it will soon learn the notes of other
birds: is very liable to become. blind if exposed
to the sun. In the winter this bird flocks with
the Chaffinches and Yellow-hammers; and mi-
grates into other districts if the weather be severe:
eften called the Green Linnet.
CHINESE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia sinensis.)
L. fusca subtus rufescens, capite collogue griseo virescentibus, re
migibus rectricibusque nigris apice albidis.
Brown Grosbeak, beneath reddish, with the head and neck
greenish grey; quills and tail-feathers black, with white tips.
Loxia sinensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 855.—Lath, Ind. Orn, 1.
383.40. 01
Le Verdier de la Chine. Sonner. Voy. Ind. 2. 202.
Chinese Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 135. 37.
Very similar to the common Greenfinch: the
beak is greenish yellow: head and neck greenish
grey: back and wing-coverts light brown; those
312 GREY-NECKED GROSBEAK.
near the edge of the wing black: secondaries grey
on the outer and black on the inner edge ; greater
quills black at the part farthest from the body, with
grey tips, the other part nearest the body yellow:
vent the same: abdomen dirty red: tail black,
tipped with white: legs greenish yellow: common
in China.
GREY-NECKED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia melanura.) _
L. cervice fusca, jugulo uropygioque griseis, abdomine rufescente,
alis caudaque nigris, macula alarum remigibus apice crissoque
albis.
Grosbeak with the hind part of the neck brown; jugulum and
rump grey; abdomen reddish; wings and tail black; a spot
on the wings, tip of the quills, and vent white.
Loxia melanura. Ginel. Syst. Nat. 1. 853.—Lath.-Ind. Orn. 1.
389. 63. ! ;
Le Gros-bec de la Chine. Sonner. Voy. Ind. 2. 199.
Grey-necked Grosbeak. Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 145. 55,
Tuis bird inhabits China, and is the size of the
Hawfinch: beak and irides yellow: head black:
hind part of the neck dirty brown, fore-part grey :
wing-coverts blueish-black, with a white spot near
the middle: secondaries black, edged on the inner
web with white: primaries black with white tips:
belly pale rufous: vent white: rump grey: legs
yellow: female with the head grey, and quills
black, bordered with white.
313
BRIMSTONE GROSBEAK.,
(Loxia sulphurata. )
L. fusco olivacea, gutture ventreque luteis, superciliis flavis.
Brown-olive Grosbeak, with the throat and belly yellowish ;
supercilia yellow.
Loxia sulphurata. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.305. 30.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 856.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.385. 45.
Coccothraustes Capitis Bonz Spei. Briss. 3.225.2.t.11.f01.
Brimstone Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 157.41.
From the Cape of Good Hope: size of Fringilla
Montifringilla: length near six inches: beak stout,
above half an inch in length, and horn-coloured :
head, neck, breast; and upper parts of the body
olive-green: on the eye a yellow line: throat,
belly, and vent yellow: quills and tail brown, all
but the two middle feathers of the latter, which
are entirely olive-green, margined with brown:
legs brownish grey.
314
PHILIPPINE GROSBEAKe
(Loxia philippina. )
L, fusca subtus albido flavicans, vertice pectoreque luteis, gula ~
Susca.
Brown Grosbeak, beneath whitish’ yellow ; crown of the head
and breast yellow; throat brown.
Loxia philippina. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.305. 36.—Gmel. a6 Nat.
1. 860.—Griss. 3. 232. 6. t. 12. f. 1. mas. ¢. 18. f. 1.2. nidus.
—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 380. 32. -
Toucnam-courvi des Philippines, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 465.
—3. 409. var. B.— Buff. Pl. Enl. 135. 2. mas.
Philippine Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. ee 3. 129. 30.—Lath. Sz iia
Sup. II, 193. 4.
Tuts bird is said to be one of the most docile of
ail known birds: it is in length five inches and a
quarter: beak, capistrum, sides of the head be-
neath the eyes, and chin brown: irides, crown of
the head, hind part of the neck, back, and scapu-
lars yellow, with a brown spot in the middle of
each feather: rump brown, margined with white:
fore-part of the neck and breast Selhow abdomen
and vent yellowish white : wing-coverts and quills
brown, the former edged with white, the latter
with pale rufous: tail the same: legs yellowish:
female with the upper parts brown, edged with
rufous: under parts pale rufous: this bird is oc-
casionally found with the sides of the head above
the eyes black; the black and brown mixture
on the back less distinct; and the greater wing-
PHILIPPINE GROSBEAK. 315
coverts, quills, and tail greenish brown, edged with
yellow.
This bird may be rendered so very tame as to
come.and perch on its master’s hand, or to fetch
and carry like a dog at command: it is called
Baya in India, where it is extremely common; it
is also found in Abyssinia and the Philippine
Islands; is said to feed on fire flies: it builds a
very curious nest in the shape of a long cylinder -
swelling out into a globose form in the middle: it
is composed of the fine fibres of leaves and grass,
and fastened by the end to the branch of a high
tree, generally on the Palmyra, or Indian Figtree :
the nest is said to have two or three divisions in
it, of which the true nest is in the globose part ;
the entrance is at the bottom of the long cylinder;
it is generally suspended over water: the eggs,
which resemble pearls, have the white part trans-
parent when boiled, and are very delicious eating.
316
JAVA GROSBEAK.,
(Loxia oryzivora.) e
L. fusca, temporibus albis, rostro rubro, capite caudaque nigris.
Brown Grosbeak, with the temples white, beak red, head and
tail black.
Loxia oryzivora. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.302. 14.—Ameen. Acad. 4
243.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 850.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.380. 31.
Coccothraustes sinerius cinerea. Briss. 3. 244. 12. t. 11. fi 2.
Le Padda, ou I’Oiseau de Riz. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 463.
—Edwards, 41, 42.
Gros-bec de la Chine. Buff. Pl. Enl. 152.7. 1.
Java Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.129. 29.—Lath. Syn. Sup.
151.
Turis bird does great mischief to the rice-grounds
in Java, and at the Cape of Good Hope, where it
is very common; it is likewise supposed to be
abundant in China, as it is often seen among Chi-
nese paintings, and is called Hung-izoy. It is in
length five inches: beak stout, and red: head and
. throat black: sides of the head beneath the eyes
white: eyelids red: upper parts of the body, neck,
and breast, pale ash-colour : belly and thighs rose-
colour: vent and under tail-coverts dirty white:
tail black: legs flesh-colour: female with the edge
of the wing, and under tail-coverts, white. Is
well known by the name of Java Sparrow.’
a * JAVA GROSBEAK.
yell
IL
317
BRASILIAN GROSBEAK.
_(Loxia brasiliana. )
L. fusca, subtus rufescens maculis albis nigro onguleis lunula
nuche caudaque apice albis.
Brown Grosbeak, beneath reddish with white spots adeadaned
with black, with a collar round the neck, andy the apex of whe
tail white.
Loxia brasiliana. . Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 377. 19.
Le Grivelin. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 461. 30.
Gros-bec du Bresil. Buff. Pl, Enl. 319. f. 1.
Brasilian Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 122. 18.
Tuts bird is an inhabitant of Brasil; and is in
length six inches: beak flesh-colour, thick, and
short : head and chin red ; neck with a white ring,
not meeting in front: breast, belly, and sides,
reddish white, with a few white spots, more or less
bordered with black: middle of the belly red:
back and wing-coverts brown: quills and _ tail
black; the coverts and secondaries tipped with
pale reddish: end of the tail white: rump dusky.
318
BULLFINCH GROSBEAK.
(Loxia Pyrrhula. )
L. cinerea, capite nigro, tectricibus caude remigiumgue — or
albis.
Cinereous Grosbeak, with the head black ; wing- shag and
hinder part of the quills, white.
Loxia Pyrrhula. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 300. 4.—Lin. Faun. Suec.
225.—Gimel. Syst. Nat. 1. 846.—Raii. Syn. 80. A.— Briss. 3.
308. 1.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 387.56.
Bouvreuil. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 4.372. 17.—Buff: P# Ent. 145.
Bullfinch. Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 116.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2.353. A.
Albin. 1. 59. 60.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2.70.—Bewick. Brit.
Birds. 1. 138.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 145. 51.—Lath, Syn. Sup.
152.— Montagu. Brit. Birds. 1.
Tuts well known bird has.a black, short, and
thick beak: irides dusky: the crown of the head
black: upper part of the neck and back fine cine-
reous grey: cheeks, breast, and belly, crimson:
vent white: wing-coverts with a white line run-
ning across just above the quills, which are dusky:
rump white: tail black: female of a dirty brown ;
except the crown of the head and rump, the former
black, the latter white: young bird when just
hatched very much resembles the female, except
that they have no black on the head ; which, with
the crimson on the breast of the male, appears
about two months after leaving the nest. In con-
finement this bird, if fed on hemp-seed, will often
become entirely black: it is found quite white,
with a tinge of blossom- colour on the top and sides
of the head.
BL
©
NIN \\ ae \
g
\
\\
\
\\
YY \ \
BULLFINCH GRO SBEAK.
aa
\
g,
BULLFINCH GROSBEAK. 319
This bird is a native of England, and constructs
its nest in the thickest parts of a white or black-
thorn hedge; it is composed of small dry twigs,
lined with moss: the female lays five or six dirty
blueish white eggs, marked with dark spots at the
larger end: it breeds about the latter end of May.
It is not gregarious, as seldom more than a
brood is seen together : it is found in this country
all the year, in the summer frequenting woods and
retired places, and in the winter attacking the
buds of trees in gardens and orchards. The wild
notes of this bird are few, but extremely soft, and
generally uttered so low as to escape a common
observer: both male and female may be taught to
whistle a variety of tunes, and also to articulate
words; this is gener ally practised in Germany,
from whence they are brought to London. It ap-
pears to be found over most parts of the continent
of Europe, throughout Russia and Siberia. They
are called in some places Nopes, in others Thick-
bills, Red-hoops, Tony-hoops, and Alps. It has
been tried to breed this bird, but without success,
_ as the male generally falls a victim to the fury of
the female.
320
ORANGE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia aurantia. )
L. fulva, pileo alis caudaque nigris.
Fulvous Grosbeak, with the upper part of the head, wings, and
tail, black.
Loxia aurantia. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 853.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
390. 66.
Le Bouvert. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4, 387.
Bouvreuil de Bourbon et du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff.
Pl. Enl. 204. f- 1. 2.
Orange Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 146. 56.
Tur Orange Grosbeak inhabits the Cape of | |
Good Hope and the Isle of Bourbon: it is in
length four inches and a half: beak dusky: crown
of the head black: general colour of the plumage
fine orange, with the wings and tail dusky black,
bordered with orange, but with some of the inner
quills white: legs pale red: female with the whole
of the head and fore-part of the neck black: the
under parts of the body white: the rest of the
plumage dull orange, except the quills, which are
orey.
32]
WHITE-BILLED GROSBEAK.
( Loxia torrida. )
L. nigra, pectore abdomineque castaneis.
Black Grosbeak, with the breast and abdomen chesnut.
Loxia torrida. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 854.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
380. 61.
Le Bouvreuil 4 bec blanc. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 388.
White-billed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3, 146. 57.
Tuts bird has nearly the whole body black ; the
breast and belly only being chesnut: the two
middle tail-feathers longest: the beak is some-
times white: native of South America.
BLACK GROSBEAK.
(Loxia nigra. )
L. nigra, macula alba humeri basique remigium duarum exte-
_ rlorum.
Black Grosbeak, with a spot on the shoulder, and the base of the
two outward quills white.
Loxia nigra. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 306. 40.—Gmel. Syst. Nat, 1.
862.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 388. 59.
Pyrrhula mexicana nigra. Briss. 3. 316. 3.
Le Bouvreuil noir du Mexique. Buff. Hist. Nat, Ois. 4. 394.
Black Grosbeak. Lath, Gen.-Syn. 3. 147. 60.
Size of L. fusca: length five inches and a quar-
ter: beak stout, deeply notched in the middle of
“V. IX. P. Ile 22
392, NORTHERN GROSBEAK.
the margin of the upper mandible, and black; as
is the plumage in general, with the exception of a
little white on the fore-part of the wing and base
of the two first quills: legs black. From Mexico.
NORTHERN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia septentrionalis.)
L. atra, macula alarum alba.
Dark-coloured Grosbeak, with a white spot on the wing.
Loxia septentrionalis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 865.—Lath. Ind.
Orn, 1. 388. 58. .
Northern Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 8. 147. 59.
Tue whole bird black, with the exception of a
white spot on the wing: said to inhabit the north
of Europe. . :
393
BROWN GROSBEAK.
(Loxia fusca. )
L. fusca, subtus albida, remigibus a tertia ad nonam bast omnino
albis. |
Brown Grosbeak, beneath whitish, with the quills from the third
to the ninth black at the base.
Loxia fusca. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 307. 46.—Aman. Acad. 4, 245.
19.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 865.—Lath. Ind. 1. 389. 64.
Brown Grosbeak, Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 147. 58.
Inuapits. Africa and Bengal. Size of the Ca-
nary bird: beak short, thick, and fead-coloured :
head and upper parts of the body brown: under
parts pale ash-colour: quills dusky black; the
eight middle ones white at the base: vent pure
white: tail dusky black, tipped with palish: legs
pale.
324.
THICK-BILLED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia crassirostris.) |
L. nigra, remigibus primoribus rectricibusque duabus intermedits
bast albis, rostro gibboso.
Black Grosbeak, with the primary quills and two middle tail-
feathers white at the base; beak gibbous.
Loxia crassirostris. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 862.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 390. 65.
Thick-billed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3, 148. 0.—Lath, Syn.
Sup. 152.
Locarry unknown: described by Dr. Latham,
from Mr. Tunstal’s Museum, as follows: ‘Size of
a Bullfinch : length five inches and three quarters :
the beak is of a large size, and deeper than it is
long, being three quarters of an inch from the
base on the forehead to that of the under jaw: the
base of the upper mandible passes backward some
way on the forehead; about one third from the
tip is a deep notch; the colour of the beak a pale
yellow: the plumage is wholly black, except the
bottoms of the quills, which are white, forming a
spot on the wing: tail two inches long; base of
the middle feathers white: legs whitish.”
325
BLACK-BREASTED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia pectoralis.)
L. corpore supra fasciaque pectoralis nigris, subtus fasciaque ala-
rum gemina alba.
Grosbeak with the body above, and band on the breast, black ;
beneath, and double band on the wings, white.
Loxia pectoralis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 390. 67.
Loxia americana. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 863.
Black-breasted Grosbeak. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 148. 62.
Tuts bird is said to inhabit America: it is the
size of the least Titmouse: length not quite four
inches: beak: black: prevailing colour of the
plumage on the upper parts black: under parts
_white, with the exception of a black band on the
breast: wings with two white bands: above the
black band on the breast is a narrow white cres-
cent, extending nearly round the neck : tail black,
and rounded: legs brown.
320
LINEATED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia Lineola. )
L. ceruleo-nigra, linea frontali temporibus macula alarum cor-
poreque subtus albis.
Blue-black Grosbeak, with a line on the forehead; temples, spots _
on the wings, and body beneath white.
Lexia Lineola. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 304. 25. —Gmel, Syst. Nat.
1. 854.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 390. 68.
Pyrrhula africana nigra minor. Briss. 3. 388. 5.t.17.f. 1.
Le Bouveron. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 388.
Bouvreuil a plumes frisées. Buff. Pl. Enl. 319. 1. p.
Lineated Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 149. 63.
Or this bird the beak is gibbous and black, with
a white spot on the base of the upper mandible,
and a line of the same colour from the forehead to ©
the crown: upper parts of the body glossy blue-
black: under parts white: base of the primary
quills white, forming a spot of that colour on the
wing, the rest of which is black: tail slightly
forked and black: inhabits Asia. : :
Buffon figures a very singular variety of this
bird in the Planches Enluminées, with all the
feathers on the under parts long and frizzled,
which may probably be a distinct species. |
307,
FERRUGINOUS GROSBEAK.
( Loxia ferruginosa.)
L. Serrugined, rostrt bast jugulo macula abdominis pedibusque
NIZTIS.
Ferruginous Grosbeak, with the base of the beak, jugulum, spot
on the abdomen, and feet, black.
Loxia ferruginea. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. XLV. 3.
Ferruginous Grosbeak, Lath. Syn, Sup. II. 196. 11.
Is of the same size, and very much resembles
L. Maja: base of the beak, chin, and throat,
black : crown, nape, and sides of the head, white:
upper parts of the body ferruginous; under parts
paler; with a black spot on the abdomen, near
the thighs: legs black: female above brown;
below paler : alle black, with ferruginous edges:
beak and legs black ; the former very stout in both
sexes. Inhabits the East Indies.
328
FASCIATED GROSREAK.
(Loxia fasciata.)
L. testaceo-fusca nigro undulata, sub gula fascia sanguinea. |
‘Testaceous-brown Grosbeak, waved with black; beneath the
throat a blood-coloured fascia.
Loxia fasciata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. ee ae Ind. Orn. 1.
305. 87.
Fasciated Grosbeak. Brown. I. 64, t. 27.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
3. 156. 80,—Lath. Syn. Sup. 154.
Tuts rare bird isin length above four inches
and a half: beak blueish grey : crown of the head,
hind part of the neck, back, and lesser wing-co-
verts, pale brown, waved with black: cheeks
brown, with a rich crimson band beneath, and a
black line below that: breast and belly brown,
with black undulations: quills black, secondaries
tipped with pale cinnamon colour: tail black,
with the whole of the inner web of the most ex-
terior feather white ; and the rest of the feathers,
except the two middle ones, with a white spot on
the tip of the inner webs: legs flesh-colour : sup-
posed to inhabit Africa: female much paler, and
without the crimson band on the throat; the under
parts pale cinnamon colour, and the white at the
tip of the tail-feathers not so conspicuous as in the
male.
329:
STRIATED GROSBEAK.
(Loxia striata.)
L. fusca ferrugineo striata, subtus alba, jugulo nigro.
Brown Grosbeak striated with ferruginous ; beneath white; ju-
gulum black.
Loxia striata. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.306. 37.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.
861.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 386. 53.
Coccothraustes borbonica. Briss. 3.243.11.¢. 13. fi 4.
Gros-bec de l’Isle de Bourbon. Buff. Pl. Enl. 153. 1.
Striated Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 142, 49.
Tuts bird is scarcely larger than a Wren; not
being four inches in length: head and upper parts
of the body brown, with the shafts of the feathers
rufous brown: throat, and fore-part of the neck,
blackish: lower part of the neck, breast, abdomen,
and vent, white: quills and tail blackish brown:
beak dusky: legs blackish. Inhabits the Isle of
Bourbon. .
330
_ COWRY GROSBEAK.
(Loxia punctularia.)
L. ferruginea, abdomine nigro albo maculato. Ru
Ferruginous Grosbeak, with the abdomen white, spotted with
black. ) ,
Loxia punctularia. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 302. 8.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 851.—-Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 386. 54.
Coccothraustes javensis nevia. Briss. 3. 239. 9.¢. 13. fi 2.
Gros-bec tacheté de Java. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 468.—Buff.
Pl. Enl. 139. 1. | |
Cowry Grosbeak. Edwards. 40.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 142. 50.
Four inches and a quarter in length: beak and
legs dusky: front and sides of the head, throat,
and fore-part of the neck, chesnut: back of the
head, and neck, back, upper tail-coverts, and rump,
rufous brown; the feathers of the latter edged with
grey: breast and sides marked with tear-shaped
white spots, and dusky: belly in the middle, and
vent, white; the former with a few black spots:
native of Java. ;
331
MOLUCCA GROSBEAK.
(Loxia molucca.)
L. Fuscescens, capite, jugulo, rectricibusque nigris, subtus Hep y-
gioque albo nigroque undulata.
Brownish Grosbeak, with the head, jugulum, and tail-feathers
black beneath, and with the rump waved with black and
white.
Loxia molucca. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 302. 17.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 851.—Lath, Ind, Orn. 1, 386. 52.
Coccothraustes moluccensis. Briss. 3. 241. 10. t. 13./. 3.
Gros-bec des Moluques. Buff. Pl. Enl. 139. 2. |
Molucca Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 141. 48.
From the Molucca Isles: in length four inches:
beak dusky: hind part of the head, and upper
parts of the body, brown: fore-part of the former,
with the sides and front of the neck, black: under |
parts of the body, from the breast to the vent, un-
dulated with black and white in a transverse di-
rection: rump the same: quills dark brown: upper
tail-coverts and tail black : faut deep brown: legs
brown.
332
MALACCA GROSBEAK.
(Loxia malacca.)
L. ferruginea, capite abdomineque nigris, rostro ceruleo.
Ferruginous Grosbeak, with the head and abdomen black ; beak
blueish.
Loxia malacca. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 302. 16.—Gmel, Syst. Nat.
1. 851.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 385. 57.
Coccothraustes javensis. Briss. 3. 237.8. t. 13.f- 1.
Le Jacobin. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 3. 468.—Buff. Pl. Enl.
139. 8. 3. ? |
White-breasted Indian Sparrow. Edwards. 3. 55.
Malacca Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 140. 47.
B. capite colloque inferiore nigris. |
With the head and lower part of the neck black.
Loxia malacea B. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 302. 16.
Coccothraustes sinensis. Briss, 3. 257. 7.
Chinese Sparrow. Edwards. 43. ;
Malacca Grosbeak. var. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 141. A.—Lath,
Sup. 152.
Tue Malacca Grosbeak is in length six inches
and a quarter: beak blueish ash: irides, head,
neck, middle of the belly, thighs, and under tail-
coverts, black: breast, and sides of the abdomen,
white : back, wings, and tail, chesnut: legs brown:
female not so bright, and with the thighs chesnut.
_ The Chinese Sparrows of Edwards appear to be-
long to this species, but if so, they are very di-
stinct varieties : the male is of the same size; with
the head, throat, and fore-part of the neck, black ;
the rest of the plumage chesnut: beak and legs
cinereous: the female has the top of the head, and
DWARF GROSBEAK. 333
upper parts of the body, cinereous brown: the
sides of the head, and under parts, reddish white :
quills and tail blackish : legs flesh-colour : inhabits
Java, China, and India; in the latter place it is
called Mungul.
DWARF GROSBEAK.
(Loxia minima.)
L. fusca, subtus testacea, remigibus primoribus basi, secundarits
posterius albis.
Brown Grosbeak, beneath testaceous, with the primary quills at
the base, and the secondaries behind, white.
Loxia minima. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 307. 45.—Gmel, Syst. Nat.
1. 865.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 396. 92.
Dwarf Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn, 3. 158. 84.—Lath. Syn. Sup.
154,
Tuts bird is common in India, China, Surinam,
and Cayenne: it varies very much, and is the size
of a Wren: the beak is short and thick: plumage
above brown; beneath and with the rump testa-
ceous: primaries white at the base; secondaries
the same on the inside, towards the base: tail-fea-
thers sharp and pale-coloured at the tip: some-
times found with the legs and beak brown, the
under parts rufous, and without any white on the
wings ; and again with the under parts cinereous
white ; with a yellowish mark between the beak
and eye, the edge of the wing the same, with the
beak and legs black.
334:
MINUTE GROSBEAK.
(Loxia minuta.)
_ L. grisea, uropygio eb Serruginea, remigibus 4, 5, 6, bast
atringue albis.
Grey Grosbeak, beneath and with the rump ferruginous, with
the fourth, fifth, and sixth quill-feathers on both sides white
at the base.
Loxia minuta, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.307. 47.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. }.
865.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 396. 90.
Le Bec-rond a ventre roux. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 390.
Minute Grosbeak, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 158. 83..
Tuis bird is one of the smallest of the genus ;
and is hardly the size of a Wren: the beak is
stout, thick, short, and brown: plumage above
grey-brown; beneath and rump ferruginous; the
fourth, fifth, and sixth quills white at the base ; 3
and the legs brown.
This is an active little bird: it lives on fruits
and seeds, and makes a round nest, composed of
a reddish plant, and placed on the trees it fre-
quents: the female lays three or four eggs, and
is Said to be i insepar able from its mate: has a sharp
cry like the Sparrow, and frequents uncultivated
places.
335
PHYTOTOMA. PLANT-CUTTER.
Generic Character.
Rostrum conicum, rectum,
*serratum. ;
Nares ovate.
Lingua brevis, obtusa.
Pedes tetradactyli, digitis tri-
bus anticis, uno postico.
>
Beak conic, straight, and ser-
rated. :
Nostrils ovate.
Tongue short and obtuse.
Feet with four toes, placed
three before and one be-
hind,
‘Tuere is but one species of this genus known :
it is very destructive to plants, as it cuts them off
close to the ground to get at the roots, upon which
it feeds; and from this circumstance it has re-
ceived the name of Plant-cutter.
336
CHILI PLANT-CUTTER.
(Phytotoma Ra-ra.) _
Pu. griseo-obscura, remigibus rectricibusque albo maculatis. .
Obscure-grey Plant-cutter, with the quills and tail-feathers
spotted with white. 3
Phytotoma Rara. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 928.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1, 406. 1.—Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. XLIX. 1.
Phytotome du Chili, ou Rara, Daudin, Orn, 2. 366.
Chili Plant-cutter. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 212. 1.
Tue Chili Plant-cutter is the size of a Quail:
beak serrated on the edges, very strong, and
pointed at the tip, in length half an inch: tongue
very short, and obtuse : irides brown: upper parts
of the body obscure dusky grey; under parts
paler: quills and tail-feathers spotted with black :
tail of moderate length, and rounded: feet with
four toes, placed three before and one behind; the
latter one much shorter than the rest.
This bird is very common in Chili: it builds its
nest in high trees, in sequestered places: its eggs
are white, with red spots: it feeds on vegetables,
preferring those parts that are near the root, and
it digs about and cuts off the plants close to the
ground with its beak, as if it had been done with
a saw; for which it is much detested by the inha-
bitants, as it does great mischief to their gardens :
it has a rough voice, and is almost continually ut-_
tering the word Ra-ra very distinctly, from whence
the specific name has arisen.
HYREUS: HYREUS.
Generic Character..
Rostrum conicum, rectum,
serratum.
Nares ovate.
Lingua brevis, obtusa.
Pedes tridactyli, digitis duo- |
bus anticis, uno postico.
Beak conic, straight, and ser-
rated.
Nostrils ovate.
Tongue short and obtuse.
Feet with three toes, placed
two before and one bebind.
\ ; I, have separated this bird from the genus
_ Phytotoma, from its having but three toes, placed
-two before and one behind, in the manner of the
genus Tridactylia: it also differs from Phytotoma
in living on the kernels of fruits, whereas the birds
belonging to that genus feed on the roots of plants.
vV. TX. PR, Th;
23
338
ABYSSINIAN HYREUS.
(Hyreus Abyssinicus. )
Hy, niger, capite gula juguloque rubris ; tectricibus alarum fuscis,
alba marginatis.
Black Plant-cutter, with the head, throat, and jugulum red;
wing-coverts brown, with white margins.
Phytotoma Abyssinica. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. XLIX. 2.
Phytotoma tridactyla. Daud. Orn. 2. 366. 2.
Loxia tridactyla. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 397. 93.
Le Guifso Balito. Buff. Hist. Nat, Ois. 3. 471.
Three-toed Grosbeak. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 159.
Abyssinian Plant-cutter. Lath. ae ae II. 213. 2. t. 133.
Tuts bird appears to vary in Some’ respects, as
the descriptions given by Buffon and Daudin do —
not exactly coincide. Mons. Buffon describes it.
to have the head, throat, and fore-part of the neck, ~
of a beautiful red ; which colour reaches in a band
down to. the pent the upper part of the neck,
body, and tail, black: wing-coverts brown, with ®
white edges : quills the same, with greenish edges:
legs dull red: the wings-reach half way on the
tail: the toes only three in number, placed two
before, and one behind. Mons. Daudin says it is
the size of the common Grosbeak: beak brown:
the head and front of the neck red: the rest of
the plumage black: shoulders brownish, with a
green tinge: greater wing-coverts appearing like
black scales, with the margins white, and tinged
with olive: tail forked: legs brown: it is found —
in Abyssinia, and, according to Mr. Bruce, it is a
ee 7
Cz eo
izes
/,
\
ae
SS
2D
of
i)
Lai
Hye
Myre
ABYS SINIAN HYREUS.
2?
cP?
ABYSSINIAN HYREUS. 339
solitary species, and lives on the kernels of al-
monds and other seeds, which it breaks with ease
with its strong serrated beak : it frequents woods,
and is called Guzfso batito dimmo-won jerck.
340
EMBERIZA. BUNTING. '
Generic Character.
Rostrum conicum ; mandibu- || Bedk conic; the mandibles
le basi deorsum a se invi- at the base stand a little
cem discidentes; inferiore distant from each other ;
lateribus inflexo-coarctata ; the under oné at the sides
superiore angustiore, inter- bent in and straightened ;
medio gibbo. the upper one narrowest,
with a hard knob in the
middle.
Tue Buntings form a very interesting series of
birds, living generally on seeds, for which their
beak appears to be well*calculated, as it is strong,
and has a hard knob in the roof of the upper
mandible: some of them have a very fine song:
there are seven species found in this country.
SNOW BUNTING.
a
341
SNOW BUNTING.
(Emberiza nivalis. )
E. remigibus albis, primortbus extrorsum nigris, rectricibus nigris,
leher ibis tribus albis.
Bunting with the quills white, the primaries otttwardly black 5
tail-feathers cee the three outer ones white,
Emberiza nivalis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 308. 1.—Lin. Faun. Suec.
227. 1.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 866.—Phil, Trans. 62. 403. 11.
—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 397. 1.
Hortulanus nivalis. Briss. 3. 285. Q.
L’Ortolan de neige. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 329.— Buff. Pl.
Enl. 497. 1.
Pied Mountain Finch, Albin. Birds. 3. 71.
Snow Bunting. Pen. Brit. Zool. 2. 122. 50.—Pen. Arct. Zool.
2, 222. —Edwards. 126.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 71.—Lath.
Gen. Syn. 3. 161.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 157.—Bewickh. Brit. Birds.
1.148.— Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Mont. Sup,
As this and the two following birds have been
frequently confounded together, we shall give the
descriptions of them from the Supplement to the
Ornithological Dictionary by Mr. Montagu.
The Snow Bunting is thus described: “ Beak
yellowish, with the tip black: the whole head,
neck, upper part of the back, and all the under
parts white, except. a tinge of rust-colour on the
forehead and back of the head; the rest of the’
back, scapulars, and tertials black, margined with
rufous white: the upper tail-coverts white: the
bastard wing black; the prime quills black half
way from their points, except on the inner webs
of some, their base and the whole of the seconda-
342, SNOW ’ BUNTING.
ries pure white ; greater and smaller coverts, quite
up to the ridge of the wing, white: the three
outer feathers of the tail white, except a small-
spot of black on the exterior web of the first, and
the points of the shafts of the two others ; the rest
are more or less black, margined, and tipped with
white: legs, toes, and claws, black; the hinder
claw slightly hooked.” }
Dr. Latham mentions several varieties of this
bird: one has the whole of the white parts tinged
with yellow, and the throat and fore-part of the
neck sprinkled with small brown spots: another
has the whole of the under parts black:. and the
last has a reddish beak: irides, head, throat, and
neck, white; the latter with three circles, the
upper one lead-coloured,; the next white, and the
lowest blue: rest of the body reddish brown, mixed
with greenish yellow: on the breast a blueish den-_
ticulated mark, inclining towards the belly : wing-
coverts and ‘nile white, varied with Eihonit
yellow and black: the outermost tail- fatlies but
one black; the rest of the tail white : legs and
claws deat colour.
This hardy bird is an iababilan of the moun-
tains of Spitzbergen, Greenland,. Lapland, Hud-
son’s Bay, and other cold northern countries: in
the Highlands of Scotland it is said to be extremely
abundant, and is called Snowflake, as it appears in
immense flocks in the snowy season, and is sup-
posed to be the harbinger of severe weather, which
drives it from its usual haunts. In America it ad-
vances no farther to the south than Nova Scotia,
SNOW BUNTING. 343
never having been found at New York: it is like-
wise excessively rare in the south of England, but
in Yorkshire and Northumberland it is frequently
met with. Phipps, in his Voyage to the North, men-
tions having seen immense numbers on the ice
near the shores of Spitzbergen.
The nest of this bird is said to be placed in the
fissures of the mountain rocks, and to be composed
of grass, with a layer of feathers inside, and another
of the down of the Arctic Fox within that: the
female lays five reddish-white eggs, spotted with
brown: on its first arrival in this country it is very
lean, but quickly grows very fat, when it becomes
excellent eating: it sings very sweetly, sitting on
the ground; and does not perch, but runs about
like the Lark, which it very much resembles at
first sight. The farther north it is found the whiter
the plumage is supposed to be, as some specimens
from Hudson’s Bay, where it is called Wapathecu-
sish, have a great deal more white about them
than the generality of those taken in Scotland.
344,
TAWNY BUNTING.
(Emberiza glacialis.)
EB. nigra, pennis flavo-fusco marginatis, gula uropygiogue flaves-
centibus, subtus alba flavo obscura maculata.
Black Bunting, with the feathers yellow, margined with brown-
ish ; throat and rump yell ores beneath white, with obscure
yellow spots.
Emberiza glacialis, Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 398. 2.
Emberiza nivalis 8. Lin. Faun. Suec, 227.
Emberiza mustelina. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 867.
Tawny Bunting. Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 121.—Lewin. Brit. ag |
2. 72.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 164, 2.— Mont, Brit. Birds.
Mont Sup.—Bewick. Brit, Birds. 1. 150.—Don. Brit. ae
2. 27.
Tue Tawny Bunting, according to Mr. Mon-
tagu, has the “ beak yellow, with a black point:
the top of the head tawny, with a few dark ches-_
nut spots: neck pale dull yellow, the lower part
before becoming of a bright tawny: chin and
throat white: back and scapulars black, the fea-
thers deeply margined with tawny, giving them
a spotted appearance: rump tawny: two or three
of the upper tail-coverts white: breast, and all
beneath, white: the eight first. quills are white
at their base; the black part (which is more or less
slightly tipped and margined with white), occupies
nearly the whole of the two or three first, and
running oblique across the others, forms only a
black tip to the eighth feather ; from which to the
fourteenth are pure white, except a small dusky
TAWNY BUNTING. 345
spot on the tips of the ninth and tenth ; those close
to the body and their coverts black, deeply mar-
gined with tawny: the greater and smaller coverts
_of those quills which are white are of that colour,
extending quite to the edge of the wing: the
greater coverts of the primaries are like them,
white, tipped with black : bastard wing black : the
first and second quill-feathers are the longest, and
the latter rather exceed the other: the three outer
feathers of the tail on each side are white, except
the tips of the outer webs of the two first, and the
whole tip of the third, which are black, edged with
yellowish white ; the fourth has only a little white
at the base; the others are black, margined at the
tip with pale tawny: legs and claws black; the hind
claw not much hooked, nor much longer than
the middle one: length seven inches: weight six
drachms and a quarter.”? ‘The female appears to
differ in having all the greater wing-coverts black,
tipped with white; the lesser coverts black and
grey mixed; and the quills with less white: spe-
cimens taken in the depth of winter agreed with
the above in every respect.
This bird has generally been considered as a
variety of the preceding, but the observations of
Mr. Montagu appear to decide in favour of its being
perfectly distinct: it is not very uncommon in De-
vonshire, and some other counties of England: a
female Mr. Montagu obtained alive was kept for
some time in a cage; she preferred the seeds of
Canary to any other, which made her grow so ex-
cessively fat as to cause her death: she was shy to
346 MOUNTAIN BUNTING.
the last, never removing by day from her perch
but to feed, but by candle-light was continually
running about the bottom of the cage, in the man-
ner of a Lark: when alarmed, she uttered a mono-
tonous chirp.
In the last edition of Benaaitie British Zoology,
this and the preceding species are brought toge-
ther, the former as the winter, and the latter as —
the summer plumage: but the circumstance of the
Tawny Bunting being always taken in Devonshire
during the winter seems to contradict the asser-
tion, however well founded in fact it may. appear.
MOUNTAIN BUNTING.-
(Emberiza montana. )
E. cinerea, subtus flavescente-undulata, capite castaneo fronte sa-
turatiore, gula alba, rectricibus trzbus extimis albis.
Cinereous Bunting, beneath waved with yellowish; head ches-
nut, darkest in front; throat white; the three outer tail-fea-
thers white. :
Emberiza montana. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 867.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 398. 3 '
Mountain Bunting. Pen. Brit. Zool. 1. 123.—Lath, Gen. Syn.
3.165. 3.— Mont. Brit. Birds, 1.— Mont. Sup.
Tue male of this bird Mr. Montagu describes
as follows: “* Beak yellow, with the point dusky:
the forehead, and part of the crown, chesnut, gra-
dually decreasing backwards, becoming only a>
tinge of that colour on the hind head: on the
- MOUNTAIN BUNTING. 347
- cheeks a paler patch of the same: the back part
of the neck, scapulars, back, and rump, cinereous
grey, mixed with dusky, particularly on the back, ©
where the middle of the feathers possess more of
the last colour: the upper tail-coverts are whitish,
the largest immediately impending the tail dusky,
broadly margined with grey: the whole under
parts white, except a ferruginous bar on the upper
part of the breast, very obscure in the middle:
the six first quill-feathers dusky, slightly edged
with grey on the outer webs, and on the points of
the three last; the seventh has part of the inner
web white half way from the base, anda slight
streak of the same down the outer web close to
the shaft; the eighth like the last, but the outer
web is white, with dusky spots; from the ninth to
the twelfth all white on the inner web, and down
the outer web close to the shaft, with a dusky
‘margin; the two succeeding all white; those next
the body dusky black, bordered with ferruginous :
the smaller coverts are mottled dusky black and
cinereous, the feathers being deeply margined with
the latter; the last row of these next to the greater
coverts -is tipped with white, forming a narrow
band across the wing: the coverts immediately
impending the quills much the same, tinged with
ferruginous: the tail somewhat forked; the six
middle feathers dusky black, margined with pale
ferruginous brown; the fourth on each side the
same, with a white stripe down the inner web near
the shaft; the two outer all white, except half the
outer web towards the tip, which is dusky: legs
348 ‘ MOUNTAIN BUNTING.
and claws black; the hind claw slightly hooked,
and »early double the length of any other.”’
The supposed -female of this bird, which was
shot at the same time with the above, is said by
Mr. Montagu to have ‘‘ the forehead and crown
deep chesnut-brown: cheeks the same, but paler :
the rest of the head above, back of the neck, sca-
pulars, back, rump, and tail-coverts, ferruginous
brown, more or less mottled with dusky, as the
middle feathers are more or less of that colour,
and of which the upper part of the back is most
predominant, and least on the upper tail-coverts: |
chin and throat dirty white: upper part of the
breast crossed by a band of dull chesnut, above
which the feathers are pale, tipped with dusky,
giving a speckled appearance to that part; the
rest of the under parts sullied white: the wings
are nearly similar in marking to those of the male,
especially the smaller coverts; but the white in the
quill-feathers is less, not one of which is without
some dusky towards their tip, and the brown parts
incline to ferruginous ; the spurious wing like that
of the male, but not so full a black: the tail is
dusky, with a ferruginous tinge on the lighter
borders: the two outer feathers like those of the
other sex, but the fourth from the centre wants the
white on the inner web close to the shaft.”
This bird is much rarer than either -of the fore-
going: it has occasionally been taken in severe
snowy weather, on the Mendip Hills, Somerset-
shire, and likewise in Yorkshire and Northamp-
tonshire. There can be no doubt that this and E.
ORTOLAN BUNTING. “349
glacialis are distinct from the Snow Bunting, as
they have been taken at various places at the same
seasons of the year, very nearly corresponding with
the above description, and never running into each
other sufficiently to mistake them.
ORTOLAN BUNTING.
(Emberiza Hortulana.)
E. remigibus nigris, pennis tribus margine albidis, rectricibus
nigris, lateralibus duabus extrorsum albis.
Bunting with the quills black, the three outer feathers with
whitish margins; tail-feathers black, the two lateral ones ex-~
ternally white.
Emberiza Hortulana. Lin, Syst, Nat. 1. 309. 4.—Lin. Faun.
Suec. 229.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 869.—Lath. Ind. Orn. i.
S390. 8.
Hortulanus. Briss. 3. 260. 4.
L’Ortolan. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 305. t. 14.—Buff. Pl. Enl.
7 ae
Ortolan Bunting. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 367. p.—Aibin. 3. 50.—
Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 166. 5.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 157.
Tuts bird, which is rather less than the Yellow-
hammer, is very variable : it is in length six inches
and a quarter: beak yellowish: head and neck ci-
nereous olive, yellowish round the eyes: throat
yellowish, with a cinereous border on each side
beneath the jaw: under parts pale rufous, palest
towards the vent: back and scapulars brownish
chesnut, with the middle of the feathers blackish ;
towards the rump the chesnut predominates: wing-
350 ORTOLAN BUNTING.
feathers brown, darkest in the middle; some of
them with grey, and others with rufous edges:
outer tail-feathers edged and tipped with white ;
the next tipped with white on the inner edge; the
rest of the tail deep brown with rufous margins:
legs yellowish: female has the head and neck of
an ash-colour, with each feather marked with
small blackish lines down the shaft. This bird
often occurs entirely white, but sometimes with
only the tail white: it is also found all tinged with
straw-colour, except the edges of the wings and
quill-feathers, which are white; and again with
the head and neck greenish, and the rest of the
body blackish. |
This bird builds its nest in a low hedge, or on
the ground; it is composed of dry bents, mixed
with leaves, and is very carelessly constructed:
the female lays four or five greyish eggs, and ge-
nerally has two broods a year: it sings very pret-
tily, and is often confined for that purpose: These
birds are found over great part of Europe, but have
not been taken in this country: ‘in their passage
from one part to the other, they are taken in great
quantities for the use of the table, after being fat-
tened for the purpose ; which is very easily date
by putting them in a dark room with plenty of
oats and millet, which will make them so very fat,
as to kill them if the feeders did not: they are said
to be one of the most exquisite morsels known:
they then weigh about three ounces; and will
often get fat by frequenting oat fields, but they
are not so fine as when fattened artificially.
3 ae
grrcey
Res UG?
/
eA renal
Spe vs AC ny)
{ Cd P Wire
3A 4 4 eyes
Hee SCZ, 4; UGA
S
SS
NS
tty
\y
YELLOW BUNTING.
(‘BZ Z
GIP
4
Y
Y,
AN
\\
\
A
\
S
SSS SESS SS
SSS SSS
—Sos
ASS <>
POSS SSS
Ye LILOw IBUNTING.
Var. | co
cs
Cr
=
YELLOW BUNTING,
(Emberiza Citrinella.)
E. rectricibus nigricantibus, extimis duabus latere interiore macula
alba acuta.
Bunting with the tail-feathers blackish, and with the two outer
ones on the inner webs with an acute white spot.
Emberiza Citrinella. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 309. 5.—Lin. Faun.
Suec. 230.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 870.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1
4.00. 7.
Emberiza flava. Briss. 3. 258. 1.
Le Bruant. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4, 342. 8.—Buff. Pl. Enl, 30.
cpa ks
Yellow Bunting. Pen. Brit. Zool. 119. 50.—Pen. yer Zool,
2. 367. c.—Albin. Birds. 1. 66.—Lewin. Brit. Birds, 2.73.—
Lath. Gen. Syn. 3, 170.—Lath. Sup. 157.—Mont. Brit. Birds.
1.—Don: Brit. Birds. 5. 119.—Bewick: Brit. Birds. 1. 143.
Tue Yellow-hammer, or Yellow Yowley, is ra-
ther more than six inches in length: beak dusky :
irides hazel : prevailing colour yellow, mixed with
various shades of brown: the crown of the head
bright yellow, more or less variegated with brown:
atecks! throat, and lower part of the belly, pure
yellow: breast reddish, and the sides dashed with
streaks of the same colour: hind part of the neck,
and back, greenish olive: lesser quills and scapu-
lars dark brown, with grey edges; greater quills
dusky, with pale yellow edges: tail dusky, slightly
forked, the feathers edged with light brown; the
outermost with white: legs yellowish brown: fe-
male with less yellow about the head, and the co-
lours in general less vivid: young bird without
352 YELLOW BUNTING.
- any yellow about it when it first leaves the nest.
This is subject to very great variety, as seldom
two are found perfectly similar; but the descrip-
tion above given will enable any one to ascertain
the species. :
This bird is one of the most common indigenous
species, and is to be seen in every lane and on every
bush, uttering its simple song, which consists of
five or six notes, of which the ee: is more length-
ened and shrill than the others. It makes an art-
less nest of hay, dried roots, and moss, lined with
hair and wool. - Its eggs vary very much in colour
and size, some being nearly white, others purplish
blue, but all marked with ‘hair-like streaks termi-
nating in aroundish speck;-they are generally four
in number. In winter it assembles with other gra-
nivorous birds, and picks up the grain dispersed by
the flail: it is a tame, silly species; but is never.
caged on account of its song, which is far from
pleasing. It appears to be abundant over most
parts of Europe, and in Italy i is Peed as eX-
cellent food.
The Green-headed Bunting of Dr. Latham ap-
pears to be.merely a variety - the female of this
species, as that sex has often been taken with the
whole head and neck greenish yellow; and from
the circumstance of its being found in this country,
and only one specimen having occurred, there can
be little or no doubt of its identity. |
G5s
YELLOW-WINGED BUNTING.
(Emberiza chrysoptera.)
E., rufo-fusca, subtus alba, pectore tectricibusque alarum minori-
bus flavis, jugulo fascia fusca,
Reddish-brown Bunting, beneath white, with the breast and
lesser wing-coverts yellow. jugulum with a brown band.
Emberiza chrysoptera. Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 401. 9.
Yellow-winged Bunting. ee Voy. 35. —Lath. Syn. Sup.
IT. 199. 1.
eo ctars Ghayialllne: Wess abouts six’ inches
and a half in length: beak brown: sides of the
head, chin, and fore-part of the neck, white; at
the lower part of the latter there is a reddish
brown collar-like bar: upper parts of the body
reddish brown: breast yellowish : belly and vent
dusky white: lesser wing-coverts yellowish; the
rest of the wing reddish brown, the feathers with
yellowish margins: tail the same, but the two ex-
terior feathers on each side yellow: legs yellow:
female with the lesser wing-coverts pale ash: sides
of the head, chin, and throat, dusky white.
x. P. Il. 24.
354:
YELLOW-FACED BUNTING.
(Emberiza flaveola. )
E. grisea, fronte gulaque flavis.
Grey Bunting, with the forehead and throat yellow.
Emberiza flaveola. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 311. 14.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 879.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 410. 36. ,
La Flaveole. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 363.
Yellow-faced Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 195. 32.
Tuts is the size of a Siskin; and is wholly grey,
with the exception of the forehead and throat,
which are yellow: said by Linnzus to inhabit
warm countries, but the precise place is unknown.
359
FOOLISH BUNTING.
(Emberiza Cia.)
E. rufescens, capite lineis nigricantibus sparsis, superciliis albis.
Reddish Bunting, with the head sprinkled with Mace lines,
supercilia white.
Emberiza Cia, Lin. Syst. Nat.1. 310. 11.—Gmel. nee Nat. 1.
878.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 402. 11.
Emberiza fratensis. Briss. 3.266. 3.
Cirlus stultus. Rai. Syn. 94. 5.
Le Bruant fou, ou de prés. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 351.—
Buff. Pl. Enl. 30. f. 2.
Foolish aca Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 191. 27.
‘Tuts has the oak dusky: head ash-coloured,
sprinkled with black, with its sides grey: over
the eyes a white streak: from the beak passing
through the eyes a black one; from the base of
the under jaw is another passing in the direction
of the jaw, and bending upwards: upper parts of
the body rufous grey, with a blackish spot down
the middle of each feather: under parts more or
less of a rufous colour: throat almost white: breast
inclining to cinereous: quills dusky with whitish
edges: tail black; the two outer feathers beyond
the middle white, with black shafts: middle ones
brown, with rufous margins. ‘Female with a ci-
nereous line on the crown, varied on the edges
with black and ferruginous: a white line on the
_ temples, and a black one from the eyes to the
base of the jaws: neck in front ash-coloured:
356 CIRL BUNTING.
breast. and belly ferruginous : : back reddish, varie-
gated with black: wings cinereous at the base:
tail blackish; the two middle feathers brown;
the two outer ones half white.
This species frequents the mountainous parts
of the south of Europe ; but is not found in Russia
or the west of Siberia: is. very solitary, and has
obtained the appellation of Foolish Sparrow, as it
will go into any snare laid to entrap it: it is very
common, and has a trifling note not unlike the
words oe ZU.
CIRL BUNTING. —
(Emberiza Cine)
E. supra varia, eis lutea, pectore maculato, aeagiie: luteris,
rectricibus duabus extimis macula alba cuneata.
Bunting varied above, yellow beneath, with a spot on the breast,
and line above the eyes yellow, and the two outer tail- feathers
with a white wedge-shaped spot.
Emberiza Cirlus.—Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 311. 12. —Gmel piSuet Nat:
1. 879.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 401. 10. :
Emberiza sepiaria. Briss. 3. 263. 2.
Le Bruant de haye. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 347.—Buff. Pl.
Fl l655, fui aed 123! : :
Cirl Bunting.— Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 190. 26.—Mont. Brit. Birds.
1.—Mont. Sup.—Lin. Trans. 7. 276.
Tue Cirl Bunting is six inches anda half in
length: beak of a blueish lead-colour above, pale
beneath : irides hazel: crown of the head, nape of —
\
“DNIWLN AYE IRMOL SD
STs = -
S SSW
SSS SS Sw S
SSS
CIRL BUNTING. S37
the neck, and upper part of the breast, fine olive
green, the first streaked with dusky: from the
upper mandible through the eye a dusky line;
above and beneath which is a bright yellow one:
throat black, tinged with brown, running into a
bar under the yellow on the cheek; beneath this
is a beautiful bright yellow gorget: back and
scapular fine chesnut brown, the former marked
with dusky streaks, and the feathers margined with
olive : lesser wing-coverts olive green: greater co-
verts dusky, with their outer webs chesnut brown :
primaries dusky, edged with green on the outer
webs: secondaries chesnut, dusky down the mid-
dle: rump olive brown: upper tail-coverts inclining
to chesnut: across the breast a band composed of
chesnut and yellow: belly and under tail-coverts
yellow, the latter with dusky shafts: sides inclin-
ing to brown: under wing-coverts bright yellow :
‘two middle tail-feathers chesnut-brown, the rest
black; except the two outer ones, which have
_an oblique white bar half way from the tip, and
the outermost one being white throughout the
whole of its exterior web: legs brown: claws
dusky. Female similar to the male on the upper
parts, but the colours less vivid: the under yellow,
‘streaked with dusky, and inclining to white at the
chin and vent. .
This species was first discovered to be an inha-
bitant of this country by Mr. Montagu ; who has
often taken them in the neighbourhood of Knights-
bridge, and who likewise says they are to be found
over most parts of Devon and Cornwall : their nests
$58 CIRL BUNTING.
are generally built in some low bush or furze, and
composed of dry stalks, roots, and’a little moss,
and lined with long hair and fibrous roots: their
egos are four or five in number, of a cinereous white,
with irregular curved dusky lines, terminating 1 ina
spot at one end: these birds pair in April, and
begin to layin May: the food of the young birds
appears to be insects, but they show the greatest
partiality to grasshoppers: they will likewise eat
various seeds, of which canary is the favourite : the
male has a shrill and piercing monotonous song,
which it is continually repeating; the female has
only a gentle plaintive chirup.
They are said to be abundant in France, Italy,
and other warm parts of Europe, frequenting newly
plowed lands, feeding on grain, worms and insects,
which they pick out of the ground: they are easily
tamed, and will live above six years: the female
of this bird is extremely like that of the Yellow-
hammer, which may have been the cause of its
not having been observed till lately, as it is very
abundant in the west of England: its note is also
similar,
359
PASSERINE BUNTING.
(Emberiza passerina. )
E. grisco-fusca, subtus cinerascens, vertice medio jugulo tectrici-
busque nigris rectricibus, duabus extimis albo nigroque dimidiatis.
Grey-brown Bunting, beneath ash-coloured; crown of the head,
middle of the jugulum, and tail-coverts black; two outer tail-
feathers half black and white.
Emberiza passerina. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. poet Laan Ind, Orn.
1. 403,14. 3
Passerine Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 196. 35.
Tuis bird inhabits Russia, frequenting the Jaick
in autumn, and in the winter migt ating in pairs to
the south: it is very tame; and is the size of the
Reed Sparrow: head dull Ree tate ash-colour ;
with some of the feathers on the crown black : on
each side of the chin a white line, and behind the
eye a pale streak: middle of each feather on the
back black, with the edges grey brown: wings
ferruginous with yellowish margins: fore-part of
the neck black, the feathers edged with paler co-
lour ; the rest of the under parts cinereous white,
lotehied on the sides with pale ferruginous: tail
slightly forked, black; the two middle feathers
edged with ferruginous; the two outer ones mark-
ed. obliquely with black and white, the most outer
nearly to the base, and the other about half way :
shafts black in both: legs pale brown.
360
COMMON BUNTING.
(Emberiza miliaria. )
E. grisea, subtus nigro-maculata, orbitis rufis.
Grey Bunting, beneath spotted with black, orbits red.
Emberiza miliaria. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 308. 3.—Lin. Faun, Suec.
228.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 868.—Lath.. Ind. Orn. 1. 402. 12.
Emberiza alba. Razz. Syn. 93. A. 1.
Cynchramus. Briss. 3. 292. 10.
Le Proyer. Buff. Hist. Nat. Orn. 4. 355.t. 16-— Buf Pl. Enl.
233.
Bunting. Pen. Brit. ee) 118.—Pen, Arct. Zool. 3. 366. B.—
Albin. Birds. 2. 50.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 74.—Lath. Gen.
Syn. B. 171.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Mont. Sup.—Don. Brit.
Birds. 3. 50.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 141.
- Iv length about seven inches and a half: beak
brown: irides hazel: prevailing colour similar to a
Lark : head and upper parts light brown, inclining
to olive: under parts yellowish white, with a dusky
line down each feather, the belly excepted, which
is quite plain: quills dusky with lighter edges:
upper coverts tipped with white: tail slightly
forked and dusky : legs pale brown: female rather
paler in colour.
These birds are common in England, Selita
in those parts that abound with corn, and are rarely
found in uncultivated places: in the winter they
assemble in vast flocks; and are often taken in
nests, and brought to market, where they are sold
for Larks, but may easily be distinguished by the
knob in the roof of the mouth: they are very fine
COMMON BUNTING. 361
eating. The female builds her nest on a tuft of
dead plants, about four or five inches from the
ground ; it is composed externally of straw, and in-
ternally of dry grass, and a few long hairs: she
lays five or six dirty white eggs, spotted with red-
dish brown and ash-colour; and during her incu-
bation the male brings her food, and entertains her —
with his frequently repeated scream, sitting on the
highest branch of a bush, or even on the top of a
« dock. .
These birds remain the whole year in England,
but on the continent they migrate, as they depart
from France with the swallow: are found in abun-
dance near Rome, and over great part of Europe:
their food consists principally of grain, but they
eat a great variety of insects.
362
REED BUNTING.
(imberiza Scheeniclus. )
E. capite nigro, corpore griseo nigroque, rectrivibus extimis: mMa~
cula alba cunetformi.
Bunting with a black head, black and grey body, the outer tail- _
feathers with a wedge-shaped white spot.
_ Emberiza Scheeniclus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.311. 17. iS ai, Faun.
Suec. 231.—Gmel. at Nat. 1. 881.—Lath. Ind. Orn.1. 403.
13.
Passer torquatus, seu arundinaceus. Briss. 3. 274. 5.
Ortolan de roseaux. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. sre Pl.
Enl. 247. 2. male. 477. 2. female.
Reed Bunting. Pen. Brit. Zool. 120.—Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 368.
E.— Albin. Birds. 2. 51.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 75.—Lath.
Gen. Syn. 3,173. 9.— nth. Syn. Sup. 157. —Mont. Brit.
Birds. 1.—Bewich. Brit. Birds. 1. 145.
7 HE ackcleadew or Reed, Bunting is about
the size of the Yellow-hammer: its irides are hazel :
the head, throat, fore-part of the neck, and breast
black ; divided by a white line from each corner.
of the beak, passing downwards and meeting on 3
the back part of the neck, which it nearly encircles:
upper parts of the body and wings reddish brown,
each feather with a black streak down the middle:
under parts white, with brownish streaks on the
sides: quills dusky, margined with brown: rump
and upper tail-coverts blueish ash-colour, mixed
with brown: two middle tail-feathers black, with
pale brown edges; two outer ones almost white,.
the ends tipped with brown, and the bases black;
COMMON BUNTING.
IO
IREED BUNTING.
REED BUNTING. 363
the rest wholly black: legs and feet dusky brown.
Female rather less: head rufous brown, streaked
with dusky: from each side of the under mandible
a dusky line passes under the neck, where it joins,
and forms a bed of that colour: behind the eye a
light-coloured mark: breast streaked with reddish
brown: rump olive brown: head without the white
ring of the male: young birds do not receive the
black on the head till the ensuing spring.
This bird does not, as was formerly supposed,
suspend its nest between four reeds within a few
feet of the water; but generally places it on the
ground at a little distance from water, and occa-
sionally in a bush, in high grass, or in a furze, at
a great distance from any water: it is composed.
of stalks of grass, moss, and fibres, lined with fine
grass. The eggs are four or five in number, of a
dirty blueish white, or purplish brown, with many
dark-coloured spots and veins. Dr. Latham, as
well as other ornithologists, have mistaken the
song of the Sedge Warbler for that of this bird,
which is only a sort of chirp, and will not bear the
name of a song: with this chirp the male will en-
tertain the female for several hours during the time
of incubation, whilst sitting upon some tall tree.
They remain in England the whole year, but on
the continent they appear to migrate between
Sweden and Italy ; passing in the spring and au-
tumn over the province of Lorrain.
364
BLACK-CROWNED BUNTING.
_(Emberiza atricapilla. )
E. rufo -fusca, subtus cinerea, gula alba, vertice luteo, paar
strigaque per oculos ad nee NUBTES, >) ae
- Rufous-brown Bunting, beneath ash-coloured, with the ee
white; crown yellow; sinciput, and a through oe eyes
’ towards the nape, black.
Emberiza atricapilla. Gre Syst. Nat. 1. $75.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 415. 57.
Black-crowned Bunting. Pen. Wok Hoel: 2. 230. —Lath. Gen.
Syn. 3.202. 49. t. 45.
LreyecTH abouts seven inches: beak short, dusky:
crown of the head yellow: forehead black ; with a
stripe of that colour passing from thence ae
the eye to the hind head, which is cinereous : body.
above reddish brown, the shafts of each feather
darkest ; wing-coverts and quills with paler edges:
chin dirty white : throat and breast cinereous ; the
upper part of the latter black : belly the same, with
yellowish buff stripe down the middle: tail plain
brown, even at the end: legs brown: claws dusky.
Female without the yellow spot on the crown. In-
habits the Sandwich Islands and Nootka Sound.
Aig
(Emberiza cyanopsis.)
E. viridis, subtus dorso infimo uropygioque rufa, fronte genis gu-
laque ceruleis, tectricibus caude abdomineque medio rubros.
Green Bunting, beneath and with the lower part of the back
and rump rufous; forebead, cheeks, and throat, blue; tail-
coverts and middle of the abdomen red.
Emberiza cyanopsis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 886. —Tiath. Ind. Orn.
LoAly, 6454.4 :
Chloris javensis. Briss, 3. 198. 57. t. 7. f. 4.
Le Toupet bleu. Buff. Hist. Nat. O1s. 4. 179.
Blue-faced Bunting, Lath. Gen. ME 3. 209. 56.
Tuts species has a very great affinity to E. qua-
dricolor, and inhabits the same place ; but is much
less, being only four inches in length: beak lead-
coloured : forehead, cheeks, and throat, fine blue,
gradually changing into rufous towards the breast,
which is of the latter colour: plumage on the upper —
parts green; with the lower part of the back and
rump rufous: belly, sides, and thighs, the same :
upper tail-coverts, and middle of the belly, red:
quills brown, with green margins: the two middle
tail-feathers green, the rest brown, all of them
edged with red: legs grey.
407
INDIGO BUNTING.
(Emberiza cyanea.)
E. cyanea, vertice saturatiore, remigibus rectricibusque fuscis ce=
ruleo marginatis.
Blue Bunting, with the top of the head darkest ; quills and tail-
feathers fuscous, margined with blue.
Emberiza cyanea, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.876.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 416. 60.
Tanagra cyanea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.315.
Tangara carolinensis cerulea. Briss. 3. 13. 6.
Le Ministre. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 86.
Blue Linnet, Edwards. 273. lower figure.
Indigo Bunting. Pen. Arct, Zool, 2, 235.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
205. 53.
Leneru five inches: beak deep lead-colour : the
whole of the plumage bright blue; darkest on the
top of the head: greater quills brown, with blue
edges: tail brown, with a slight tinge of blue:
legs brown. Female similar to a Linnet in colour:
and during the moulting time the male resembles
her, and is only to be distinguished by the edge of
the wing being deep brownish blue; whereas that
part in the female is greenish brown.
This bird is said to sing very sweetly, like the
Linnet: it is generally found in the inner parts of
Carolina, frequenting the mountains: it appears
in New York in the beginning of April, and affects
orchards during the time of flowering : it feeds on
millet : it is called in Carolina the Parson, and the
Bishop; and in Mexico, Azul lexos, or far- fetched
Blue bird.
408
BLUE BUNTING.
(Emberiza czerulea.)
E. ce@rulea rufo varia, subtus dilutior, vertice rufo, tectricibus
alarum majoribus remigibus caudaque fuscis.
Blue Bunting varied with rufous; beneath paler; crown of the
head rufous; greater wing-coverts, quills, and tail, brown.
Emberiza cerulea, Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 876.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 415, 59. ne
Emberiza canadensis cerulea, Briss. 3. 298, 12. t..14.f. 2.
L’Azuroux. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 369.
Blue Bunting. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 234.—-Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
205. 52.
Tuis bird has the beak pale: the crown dull
rufous: the upper parts of: the neck and body
rufous and blue mixed; under parts the same,
but the rufous colour very pale: greater coverts,
quills, and tail, brown, with the outer edges ru-
fous: legs pale brown. Native of Canada.
4.09
GREEN BUNTING.
(Emberiza viridis. )
E, viridis, subtus alba, remigibus caudaque ceruleis.
Green Bunting, beneath white, with the quills and tail cerulean.
Emberiza viridis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 886.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 417. 65. ,
Chloris indica minor. Briss. 3. 197. 56.
Le Pavement bleu. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 181.
Green Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 209. 57.
Tuis is the size of the Greenfinch : beak green-
ish brown: upper parts of the plumage green;
under parts white: quills and tail blue, with the
shafts white: legs black. Inhabits the East Indies;
and very likely China, as it has occurred among
Chinese drawings, with very little variation from
the above.
410
VARIED BUNTING.
(Emberiza mixta.)
E. grisea, pectore gulaque ceruleis, abdomine albo.
Grey Bunting, with the breast and throat blue, and abdomen
white,
Emberiza mixta. Amen. Acad. 4. 245. 20.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 416. 62. ;
Varied Bunting. Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. 202. 9.
Size of Fringilla Spinus: beak pale and stout:
prevailing colour of the plumage grey ; but mixed
so much with blue, that in some lights that colour-
appears to predominate: the sides of the head,
throat, breast, and shoulders, blue-green: belly
white, the feathers brown at the base: thighs grey,
mixed with blueish: legs pale: inhabits China.
411
PLATA BUNTING.
(Emberiza platensis. )
E. fusco-virescens, subtus cinereo-alba, dorso nigro maculato, oris
— alarum extus remigibus rectricibusque flavo marginatis.
Brownish-green. Bunting, beneath ash-coloured white; back
spotted with black; outer part of the wing, quills, and tail-
feathers edged with yellow.
Emberiza platensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 886.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 417. 66. . '
L’Emberise 4 cing couleurs. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ovs. 4. 364.
Plata Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 210. 58.
Tue Plata Bunting is one of the largest of the
genus, being eight inches in length : the beak ash-
coloured, convex, and pointed: irides chesnut:
upper parts of the body greenish brown, approach-
ing to yellow, but dullest on the head and rump ;
back with a few black marks: under parts of the
body greyish white-: edge of the wing bright yel-
low: quills and outer tail-feathers margined with
the same: legs lead-coloured. Found at Buenos
Ayres, on the river Plata.
4192
CRIMSON BUNTING.
(Emberiza rubra.)
E, coccinea, cervice dorsoque olivaceo nigroque variegatis, strigis
coccineis sparsis ; abdomine cinereo, remigibus rectricibusque
nigris.
Crimson Bunting, with the upper part of the neck and back va-
riegated with olive and black, sprinkled with crimson ; abdo-
men ash-coloured; quills and tail-feathers black.
-Emberiza rubra. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 877.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
A0Q. 33.
Moineau de l’isle de France. Buff. Pl. Enl. 665. f. 1. 2.
Crimson Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 194. 30.
Size of the House Sparrow: beak dusky: hind
part of the neck and breast variegated with black
and olive, with a few dashes of crimson; of which
latter colour the head, breast, upper tail-coverts,
thighs, and rump are: lower part of the breast,
belly, and vent, cinereouss wings dusky, the mar-
gins of the feathers pale: quills and tail black,
with greyish green edges: legs pale flesh-colour.
Inhabits the Isle of France.
413
CRIMSON-BELLIED BUNTING.
(Emberiza coccinea. )
E. corpore supra argenteo subtus coccineo, crisso albo, rostro
capite remigtbusque nigris, postremis occipite et cauda ex atro
cerulets. |
Bunting with the body above silvery, beneath crimson; vent
white; beak, head, and quills, black; hinder part of the oc-
ciput and tail of a dark blue.
Emberiza coccinea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1, 873.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
lL. 410. 34.
Crimson-bellied Bunting. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 200. 3.
Founp in the woods at Baden in Germany:
about the size of the Yellow Bunting: beak, head,
eyes, and a streak beneath the beak, black: occi-
put black, with a blue gloss: body above silvery
grey ; beneath bright crimson : wings with a white
spot: vent white: tail similar to the occiput.
414
TOWHE. BUNTING.
(Emberiza erythropthalma.)
E. nigra rubro relucens, abdomine rufescente, macula alarum alba.
Black Bunting, shining with red, abdomen rufescent, and spot
on the wings white.
Emberiza erythropthalma. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 874. —Lath. Ind.
Orn, 1. ,
Fringilla erythropthalma. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 318.6.
Fringilla carolinensis, Briss. 3. 169. 44.
Le Pingon noir aux yeux rouges. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois, 4.141.
Towhe Bunting. Pen. Arct. Zool. 2. 224.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
199. 43.
Tuts species frequents the most shady woods of
Carolina: itis known by the name of the American
Bullfinch, and is inlength eight inches: beak brown:
irides red: head, throat, neck, back, wing-coverts,
quills, rump, and tail, black ; the quills with whitish
edges: breast white in the Hid alte: the other parts
of it, with the belly, sides, chistes and under tail-
coverts, dull red: tail slightly forked: legs brown:
female entirely brown, except a slight red tinge on
the breast. |
This is a very restless bird, and has only a twit-
tering note : it generally appears in pairs.
415
RED-EYED BUNTING.
| ienene Calfat.)
E. cinerascens, capite gulaque nigris, pectore abdomineque vina-
ceis, regione oculorum nuda rosea, lateribus capitis fascia alba,
Cinerascent Bunting, with the head and throat black; breast and
abdomen vinaceous; region of the eyes naked and rose-co-
loured; sides of the head with a white band,
Emberiza Calfat. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 887.—Lath. Ind, Orn.
1, 418. 68.
Le Calfat. Buff. Hist. Nat. Oss: 4. 371.
Red-eyed Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 210. 60.
Tuts bird inhabits. the Mauritius, and is there
called Calfat: it is rather larger than a Linnet:
beak and irides rose- elorccdr head and throat
black: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail,
blueish-ash ; the tail with black margins: breast
and belly vinaceous: from the gape of the mouth
to the back of the head a white stripe : space round
the eyes bare of feathers, and rose-coloured, as are
the legs: under tail-coverts white.
416
BOURBON BUNTING.
( Emberiza borbonica. )
E. rufo-rubra, alis caudaque fusco-rubris. .
Rufous-red Bunting, with the wings and tail fuscous-red.
Emberiza borbonica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.886.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1, 418. 67. seh
Le Mordore. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 4.366.
Bruant de l’isle de Bourbon. Buff: Pl. Enl. 321. f. 2.
Bourbon Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.210.59.
Asout the size of the Yellow Bunting : in length
five inches and a half: beak brown: the whole bird, |
except the wings and tail, bright rufous-red : wings
and tail dusky red; legs the same, with a yellow
tinge. Native of Bourbon. - |
4.17
GREY BUNTING.
(Emberiza grisea.)
E. grisea, tectricibus alarum pectoreque rubro variegatis.
Grey Bunting, with the wing-coverts and breast variegated with
red.
Emberiza grisea. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 887.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
418.70. :
Emberiza surinamensis. Briss. 3. 302. 15.
Le Gonambouch. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ors. 4.366. °
Grey Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 211. 62.
_ Very common at Surinam: size of a Lark:
length five inches: head grey: the whole of the
body the same, but paler; except the wing-coverts
and breast, which are inclined to reddish: quills
white within; externally grey, variegated -with
red: tail similar to the quills.
This bird is very fond of maize, and sings nearly
as fine as a nightingale; called by the natives of
Surinam Gonambucho.
wo Ih Ps It , O8
~s
418
WHIDAH BUNTING.
_ (Emberiza paradisea.)
E, fusca, pectore rubro, rectricibus intermediis quatuor elongatis
acuminatis, duabus longissimis, rostro nigro.
Brown Bunting, with the breast red; the four middle tail-fea-
thers elongated and acuminated, the two outer of which are
very long; beak black. !
-Emberiza paradisea, Lin. Syst. Nat, 1. 312. 19.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 882.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 405. 20.
Vidua. Briss. 3. 120;25<4.,8. f- I. v5
La Veuve a collier d’or, Buff.. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 155. 6.
Grande Veuve d’Angola. Buff. Pl. Enl.-194.
Red-breasted long-tailed Finch. Edwards. 86.
Whidah Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 178. 15.
Tuis singular bird is less than the Hedge Spar-
row : beak lead-coloured : irides hazel: head, chin,
and fore-part of the neck, back, wings, and tail,
black: hind-part of the neck pale orange: breast
and upper part of the belly the same, but brighter:.
lower belly and thighs white: vent black: two
middle tail-feathers four inches long, placed ver-
tically, undulated across, and more glossy than the
others, broad, and ending in a long thread; thenext
two above thirteen inches in length, very broad in
the middie, but narrow and rather pointed at the
tips, with a long thread arising about. the middle
of the shaft ; the rest only two inches and a quarter
in length: legs flesh-colour: female wholly of a
deep brown ; but does not obtain the full plumage
Mi ; J)
4 q a
VARIEGATED BUNTING.
LONG-TAILED BUNTING. 419
for three years: in the winter the male resembles
the young female. :
_ This is common at Angola, Whidah, and other
parts of Africa: it is often brought over to Europe,
where it will live many years, and is a lively active
little bird: it moults twice a year; and the male
is without the long tail-feathers at least six months
out of the twelve, as it first loses them about No-
vember, and in the spring they begin to re-appear,
but are not perfectly formed till June.
LONG-TAILED BUNTING.
(Emberiza Vidua., }
Ki, nigricans, subtus albida, rectricibus intermediis quatuor elonga-
tis acuminatis, duabus longissimis, rostro rubro.
Dusky Bunting, beneath whitish; the four middle tail-feathers
elongated and acuminated, of which the two interior are
longest ; beak red.
Emberiza vidua. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.312. 21.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 883.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 405. 22.
Vidua major. Briss. 3. 127. 27.—Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 4. 162.
Long-tailed Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 181. 17.
Founp in India and Angola. Leak red: head
and all the upper parts of the body greenish black:
sides of the head and under parts dirty white; the
black colour reaching on each side the neck like a
half collar: wing-coverts with a white band: quills
edyed with brown: two middle tail-feathers ten
inches and a half in length; the next two nine
420 VARIEGATED BUNTING. ©
inches; all four of them black: the remaining
feathers short and of the same length; black on
the outer webs, and white within; the outermost
feather the most white: legs black, claws pale.
May not this be a variety of the following? -
* .
SEY PERS 3
VARIEGATED BUNTING.
(Emberiza principalis. )
E, variegata, pectore rufo, rectricibus mediis quatuor longissinis
rostro pedibusque rubris.
Variegated Bunting, with the breast red, the four middle tail-
feathers very long; beak and feet red.
Emberiza principalis. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1, 313. 22. Gna cs
Nat.1. 884.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 406. 23,
Vidua angolensis. Briss. App. 80. .
La Veuve mouchettée. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 165.
Long-tailed Sparrow. Edwards. 270.
Variegated Bunting. Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 181. i7is
Tuts neat little bird is about the size of the
Whidah Bird: beak as in the last : the upper parts -
of the head and body rufous, the middle of each ©
feather black: sides of the head and under parts ©
(except the breast, which is pale rufous) are white:
lesser wing-coverts the same: greater ones black,
edged with rufous: quills as the last: tail with
twelve feathers, of which the two middle ones ex- |
ceed the others by five inches and a half; the next
on each side one inch shorter, all four black; the
remaining feathers are short and of equal length,
So
S
WHIDAIH BUNTING.
PANAYAN BUNTING. | 491
of a dull brown colour, margined with paler brown,
and each marked with a ote spot on the inner
web : legs flesh-colour.
There is very great probability that this and the
preceding bird will eventually be found to be the
same, as they inhabit the same places, and are very
like in their general appearance, and it is well
known that oe long-tailed Buntings all vary very
much, according to the season of the year or the
age of the bird. It is found in India and Angola.
PANAYAN BUNTING.
(Emberiza panayensis. )
E. nigra, macula pectoris coccinea, rectricibus quatuor interme-
diis longisstmis equalibus acuminatis,
Black Bunting, with a crimson spot on the breast ; the four
middle tail-feathers even, very long, and acuminated.
Emberiza payanensis. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1, 885.—Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 407. 26.
La Veuve en feu. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 167.
La Veuve a poitrine rouge. Buff. Pl. Enl. 647.
La Veuve de l’isle de Panay. Sonner. Voy. Ind. 117. t. 76.
Panayan Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 184. 21.
Tue whole bird black, with the exception of a
large bright red spot on the breast: four middle
tail-feathers very long, pointed, all of one length,
and hanging down like the Whidah Bird: legs
black. Native of the Isle of Panay.
ORANGE-SHOULDERED BUNTING. .
(Emberiza longicauda. )
E. nigra, humeris fulvis albo marginatis, rectricibus elongatis 6
intermedits longissimis.
Black Bunting, with the shoulders fulvous margined with white;
the six middle tail-feathers very long.
Emberiza longicauda. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 884.—Lath. Ind.
_ Orn, 1, 406. 25.
X
La Veuve a épaulettes. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 164.—Buff.
Pl. Ent. 635.
Yellow-shouldered Oriole. Brown, Ill. 11. :
Orange-shouldered Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 184. 20.
Tue Orange-shouldered Bunting is the size of
a Song Thrush: beak strong and dusky ; the nos-
trils almost hid in the feathers: plumage above
and below glossy black: lesser wing-coverts crim-
son, below which is a white spot: some of its
quills white at the base, but that is hid when the
wings are closed: secondaries nearly as long as
the primaries: tail, consisting of twelve feathers,
hanging sideways; the two middle ones fifteen
inches in length, the next an inch shorter; the
next two inches and a half less; and the rest of —
the tail very short: legs large and brown: claws
long and hooked. Inhabits the Cape of Good
Hope. | |
423
DOMINICAN BUNTING.
(Emberiza serena.)
E. pileo nigro, vertice rubro, cauda cuneiformi, rectricibus duabus
intermedts longissimis, pedibus grisets.
Bunting with the top of the head black, the crown red, tail
wedge- shaped, with the two middle feathers very long; feet
pit
Emberiza serena. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 312. 20.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 883.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 405. 21.
Vidua minor. Briss. 3, 124, 26.t. & f. 2.
La Veuve dominicaine. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. ‘eoseniegf
Pl, Enl. 8. f. 2.
Dominican Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 180. 16.
Ratuer less than the Whidah Bunting: beak
red: crown of the head rufous white; upper part
black: back of the neck, beneath the head rufous
white, which colour joins the white on the under
parts of the body; hind-part of the neck and back
black, edged with dirty white : wing-coverts white;
the rest of the wing black; the quills with white
edges : tail black, the two middle feathers pointed
at the end, and above two inches longer than the
others, which get shorter to the most outward,
which is shortest of all; the three next the long
feathers tipped with white; and the two outer
ones white on the inside, and pale rufous without:
legs grey: female of a plain brown; and the tail-
feathers of equal length. Moults twice a year,
and the male loses his long feathers.
4A
PSITTACEOUS BUNTING.
(Emberiza psittacea, )
E. cinereo-fusca, alis fulvis, rectricibus duabus intermedits longiss
simis.
Cinereous-brown Bunting, with the wings rufous, and the two
middle tail-feathers very long.
Emberiza psittacea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.312. 18.—Gmel. —
Nat. 1. 882.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 404. 19.
Linaria brasiliensis longicauda. Briss. 3. 147. 35.
La Veuve éteinte. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 168.
Psittaceous Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 178.14.
Tuer Psittaceous Bunting is the size of the
House Sparrow: length about six inches: base
of the beak surrounded with pale red: prevailing
colour of the plumage dull greyish ash : wings pale
red and yellow mixed: tail similar in colour to
the body: two middle feathers nearly three times
the length of the body, and tipped with chesnut.
Native of Brasil,
ANGOLA BUNTING.
( Emberiza ‘angolensis. )
E. nigra, capite superiore colloque flavis, cauda elongata.
Black Bunting, with the upper part of the head and neck yel-
low; tail elongated. ,
Emberiza angolensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 885.—Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 407. 27.
Angola Bunting. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 185. 22.
Tuts bird appears to have a great affinity to E.
panayensis, from which it only differs in having
the top of the head and neck yellow, and being a
native of Angola: its beak is short; tail long; the
breast fine red, and the rest of the plumage bright
black.
426
SHAFT-TAILED BUNTING.
(Emberiza regia.)
E, rectricibus intermediis quatuor longissimis equalibus’ apice tan-
tum pennatis, rostro rubro.
Bunting with the four middle tail-feathers very. long, even, and
only webbed at the tip; beak red.
Emberiza regia, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.313. 23.—Gmel, Syst. Nat.
1, 884.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 406. 24.
Vidua riparia africana, Briss. 3, 129. 28. t. 9. f. 1.
La Veuve a quatre brins. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 4, 158. 5.
La Veuve de la céte d'Afrique. Buff. Pl. Enl. 8.f. 1.
Shaft-tailed Bunting, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 183.19.
Tuts bird is the size of a Linnet: beak red:
sides of the head, the under parts of the body,
and round the neck, rufous: hind-part of the neck
spotted with black: plumage above, lower part of
the thighs, and vent, black: the four middle tail-
feathers near ten inches in length, and webbed
only for about two inches at the ends; the rest of
them simple shafts, without the least appearance
of a web; the other feathers even, short, and black:
legs red: female brown, and without the long tail-
feathers.
Like the rest of the long- tailed Buntings, hes
birds moult twice in the year; and in the winter
the male becomes very similar to a Linnet in
colour.
Dr. Latham mentions having a specimen of this
bird in his collection with only two kinds of brown,
and no black on the plumage ; the margins of the
a
ee
SHAFT-TAILED BUNTING. 427
feathers being light brown, and the middle dark,
not very unlike the back of the female House
Sparrow: the tail dusky, with pale rufous margins,
Inhabits Africa, but is much scarcer than the
Whidah Bird.
V. x. P. Vie 29
oT
428 | ‘
FRINGILLA. FINCH.
Generic Character.
Rostrum conicum, rectum, || Beak conic, straight, and
acuminatum. acuminated.
Pedes simplices, digitis tribus || /ee¢ simple, with three toes
anticis, uno postico. before and one behind.
‘Tue Finches, or Sparrows, may be readily dis-
tinguished from the Grosbeaks and Buntings, to
which they have a great affinity, by the form of
their beak, which is perfectly conic, slender to-
wards the end, and very sharp-pointed ; whereas
the Grosbeaks have theirs rounded from the base
to the point of each mandible; and the Buntings
are armed with a hard knob in the middle of their
upper mandible, which the Finches do not possess.
The birds of this genus are very numerous, and
oftentimes assemble in immense flocks, feeding on
seeds and grain, and also on insects and their larvee:
many of them are,much esteemed for the liveli-
ness of their songs, and the beauty and variety of
their plumage.
4.29
HOUSE FINCH.
( Fringilla domestica. )
Fr, remigibus rectricibusque fuscis, corpore griseo nigroque; Jascia
alarum alba solitaria.
Finch with the quill and tail-feathers fuscous, the body black
and grey, and a single white band on the wings.
Fringilla domestica. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.323. 36.—Lin. Faun.
Suec. 242.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. ee —Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
432.1.
Passer domesticus. Briss. 3. 72. 1.
Le Moineau. Buf: Hist. Nat. Ois.3. 474. 1. te 29. fed Buff
Pl. Enl. 6. f. 1.—55.f. 1. young bird, aa
House Sparrow, Penn. Brit. Zool. 1. 197. 51.—Penn. Arct.
Zool. 2. 382. G.—Albin. Birds. 1. 62.—Lewin. Brit, Birds, 2.
77-—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 248. 1.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 163.—
Mont, Brit. Birds. 2.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 154.
Tus well known bird is about six inches in
length: the beak is dusky: crown of the head
ash-coloured : irides hazel: space round the eye
and from that to the beak black: behind the eyes
and back of the head bay: cheeks white: chin
and under part of the neck black and grey,
“mixed: belly dirty white: wing-coverts chesnut
and black mixed, with a bar of a whitish colour
across them: quills dusky, with rufous edges:
back rufous and black, mixed: tail dusky, edged
with grey: legs brown. The female has the beak
lighter than that of the male; behind the eye a
white line; the head and whole of the upper parts
brown; under parts dirty white, sprinkled with
430 HOUSE FINCH.
_ash-colour; and is without any black on the chin
or neck.
Dr. Latham mentions many varieties of this
bird, of which the following are the most remark-
able: the first is entirely of a dirty white, with
yellow beak and irides: the next yellowish, with
a chesnut tinge on the upper parts; and the last
is of a dull black, with a yellow beak: the white
variety is the most common, and is likewise sub-
ject to still farther variety, as some are brown
above, and white beneath; others spotted with
black on the throat; and many have a spot on the
crown of the head; the nape of the neck, and
the back, being brown. - )
This bird occurs in most parts of, Europe, but
is most numerous among towns and inhabited
places, where it builds in any spot that will afford
it admittance, as a hole in the wall, or under the
roofs of houses: it makes a very slovenly nest,
composed of hay, and lined with a few feathers :
it lays five or six reddish-white eggs, slightly
speckled with brown: it will sometimes drive
the Martins from their nests, and will occa-
sionally build in trees; but when that is the
case, it takes more pains with its nest, making it
much larger than usual *, of hay and straw, cover-
ing it at the top, and lining it warmly with feathers,
bits of cloth, thread, worsted, or any thing of that
kind found about houses: its food consists princi-
pally of grain, but it will partake of all kinds of
* Dr. Leach informed me that he observed several of these,
nests in the avenues round the Jardin des Plantes.
HOUSE FINCH. 431
nutriment that are thrown out for poultry, pigeons,
&c. in spite of every precaution: it is a very
crafty bird, and usually avoids traps and snares
that are set to take it; but is easily caught in the
autumn and winter, by a bat-fowling net, when
they collect in numbers on trees: it has no song,
but only a disagreeable chirp: its flesh is ac-
counted very g good eating by many: the appearance
of this bird, in large and smoky towns, is not very
agreeable, as it is generally very dirty and plain in
its colours; but among farm-yards the male ex-
hibits a great variety in his plumage, and is far
from being the least beautiful of the British birds.
Buffon, with his usual warmth of imagination, has
summed up the character of this species in the
following words: ‘ It is extremely destructive, its
plumage is entirely useless, its flesh indifferent
food, its notes grating to the ear, and its fami-
liarity and petulance disgusting.”” But although
it may partially deserve the above character, we
must not condemn the species, when its great use
in the ceconomy of nature is considered ; for it has
been observed that a single pair of Spaciiaes dur-
ing the time of rearing (lee young, will destroy
about four thousand caterpillars weekly: they like-
wise feed them with butterflies and other winged
insects, each of which, if not destroyed in this
manner, would be productive of several hundreds
of caterpillars.
TREE FINCH.
coke we montana.)
Fr. remigibus rectr ictbusque fuscis, corpore griseo meres
alarum fascia alba gemina, -
Finch with the quill and _tail-feathers fuscous, the body. black
and grey, with a double white band on the wings.
Fringilla montana, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.234. 37.—Lin. Faun. Suec.
243.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 925.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 433. 2.
Loxia hamburgia. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 854. toys
Pyrrhula hamburgensis. Bris. 3. 314. 2.
Le Hambourroux. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 398.
Passer montanus. Bris. 3.79.2. 3
Friquet. Buff. Hist. Nat, oe 3, 489. 29. 2.— Buff. Pi. Enl.
NOT fi, ; BAG rage
Hamburgh Tree Creeper. Albin. Birds. 3. 24.
Hamburgh Grosbeak. Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 149. 64.
Tree Finch.. Penn. Brit. Zool. 128.—Pen, Arct. Zool. 2. 246.—
Albin, 3. 66.—Lewin. Brit. Birds, 2.'78.—£dwards. 2690.—
Montagu. Brit. Birds. 2—Mont. Sup.—Lath, Gen. Syn. 3.
252. 2.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 163.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1.458.
Ratuer less than the House Finch: beak black:
irides hazel: crown of* the head and hinder
part of the neck chesnut colour: sides of the
head white: throat black: behind the eyes a large
black spot: upper part of the body rusty brown,
spotted with black: breast and under parts dirty
white: quills black, with reddish margins ; greater
coverts the same; lesser coverts bay, edged with
black, and barred with two white stripes: tail
reddish brown: legs pale yellow: female similar
i, BS
eal A
Tha
wh
i
vod
H
Aa
pal
UGeCom,
1 SPARROW /JFINCH.
s TREE FINCH.
O
4
TREE FINCH. 4.33
to the male: young bird without the black marks
on the throat, or behind the eyes. |
The sexes of this bird have generally been con-
sidered by authors to differ from each other as
much as the House Finch ; but Colonel Montagu
has most satisfactorily proved, that they are quite
similar in external appearance, and that the de-
scriptions formerly given were not correct. It is
very abundant in some parts of this country,
in Lincolnshire, Lancashire, and Yorkshire: it is
found in Italy, France, Germany, Russia, and
part of Siberia, also in many parts of North
America. It makes its nest in trees, and not in
buildings, principally composed of hay and fea-
thers: it lays five eggs of a pale brown colour, with
Spots of a darker shade, weighing from 34 to 41
-grains. Buffon observes, that this species feeds
-on fruits, seeds, and insects: it is a very lively
animal, and often moves its tail in the manner of
the Wagtail: it is one of the most local of the
British birds. a
4.34
RING FINCH«
(Fringilla Petronia.)
Fr, grisea, superciliis. albis, gula lutea, Be acl ig apice
intus macula alba,
Grey Finch, with white supercilia, luteous throat, and a white
spot towards the tip of the exterior tail-feathers,
Fringilla Petronia. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 322. 30.—Gmel. Syst
Nat. 1.919.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 435. 6. :
Passer sylvestris.. Bris. 3.88. 6.4.5. f. 1.
La Soulice. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 498. 30. f. 1.—Buff. Pl.
Enl. 225.
Ring Sparrow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.254. 4.—Lath. Syn. Sup.
164. |
Leneru near six inches: the upper mandible
of the beak brown ; the under grey, with a brown
tip: head and upper parts of the neck and back
dirty grey, spotted with brown: under parts dirty
grey and white mixed: round the head, above the
eyes, a dirty. white ring: fore-part of the neck
yellow: wings similar to the back: coverts and
secondary quills tipped with white: quills, and
tail, dusky with grey edges, with all the feathers
of the latter, except the two middle ones, with a
white spot near the tip of the inner web: rump
dirty grey.
This species is very abundant in Germany, and
is likewise found over the greatest part of Europe,
but is nowhere so common as in the former place,
and is not found in this country: it is migratory
in the northern parts, but stationary in the
SHORT-TAILED FINCH. 435
southern: it affects woods, and builds in the holes
of trees, laying four or five eggs, and feeds on
seeds and insects: it has not any note. These
birds are very delicate, as numbers are often found
dead in trees, in the winter, during which time
they assemble in flocks. :
SHORT-TAILED FINCH.
(Fringilla brachyura.)
Fr. flavescens, pectore abdomineque magis albicantibus, remigibus
rectricibusque flavescentibus.
Yellowish Finch, with the breast and abdomen whitish, quills
and tail-feathers flavescent.
Fringilla brachyura, Gmel, Syst. Nat.1. 920.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 436. 10.
Passerculus bononiensis. Bris. 3.93.
Short-tailed Sparrow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 256.8.
Tuts species has the tail remarkably short: it
is about the size of the House Finch, and has
the whole of the body yellowish; but the breast,
and abdomen, are palest ; and the beak very dark
yellow. Native of Bologna.
436
WHITE-TAILED FINCH.
(Fringilla leucura.)
Fr. flavicans castaneo maculata, lineolis candidis variegata, subtus
capiteque albo-lutescens, rectricibus cinereo candicantibus.
Yellowish Finch spotted with chesnut, and variegated with
white stripes ; beneath and head whitish yellow ; tail-feathers
whitish ash.
Fringilla leucura,” Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 919.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 436. 9.
White-tailed Sparrow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 256. 7.
Size of F. domestica: head and under parts
whitish yellow: upper parts yellowish, . spotted
with chesnut and streaked with white: tail ash-
coloured white. Found at Bologna.
FOOLISH FINCH,
(Fringilla stulta.)
Fr. griseo-rufescens, ferrugineo maculata, subtus flavescens, fascia
alarum duplici alba.
Grey-rufescent Finch spotted with ferruginous, beneath yel-
lowish, with a double white band on the wings.
Fringilla stulta. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.919—Lath. Ind. Orn. }.
436. 7. :
Passer stultus. Bris. 3. 87.5.
Foolish Sparrow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 255. 5.
Axsout the size of the House Finch : above
rufous grey, spotted with ferruginous: over the
DALMATIC FINCH. 437
eye a streak of white, and on the throat a yellow
spot: beneath yellowish: wings with two white
bands: tail blackish, margined with rufous. In- |
habits Bologna.
DALMATIC. FINCH.
(Fringilla dalmatica. )
Fr. rufescens subtus albida, remigibus rectricibusque rufescentibus,
Rufescent Finch, beneath whitish, with the quills ene tail-
_ feathers rufescent.
Fringilla dalmatica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.920.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
tt as oe :
Passer Sclavonicus. Bris. 3.94. 10.
Dalmatic Sparrow. - Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 256. 9.
Near seven inches in length: beak whitish :
upper parts of the body reddish, under parts
whitish: legs pale yellow: tail slightly forked.
Inhabits Dalmatia.
438
SPECKLED FINCH. ©
( Fringilla bononiensis. )
Fr. albo nigro subflavoque maculata, subtus albo-flavescens, capite
albo maculis subluteis vario, rectricibus subflavis.
Finch spotted with white, black and yellowish; beneath yellowish
white; head white, varied with yellowish spots; tail-feathers
_ yellowish. :
Fringilla bononiensis. Gel, Syst. Nat. 1. 919.—Lath. Ind.
_ Orn. 1. 436. 8. Sat :
Speckled Sparrow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 255. 6.
Size of Fringilla stulta: beak, head, and neck
white, dashed with yellowish: irides white: back
and rump variegated with black, white, and yel-
lowish : under parts yellowish white: quills dusky ;
legs and tail yellowish. Found in the neighbour-
hood of Bologna. —
. | ene
CAROLINA FINCH.
(Fringilla carolinensis. )
Fr. rubro-fusca, abdomine albo, facie fasciaque ba migra,
Jjugulo uropygtoque coccineis.
Reddish-brown Finch, with the abdomen white, face and band
on the breast black, jugulum and rump scarlet.
Fringilla carolinensis. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 435. 5.
Fringilla cristata. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 926. 2.
Le Moineau de la Caroline. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 3, 496.—
Buf. Pl. Enl. 181. f. 2.
Black-faced Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2.255.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
3. 253.3. female.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 164.
Axsour six and a half inches in length: top of
the head and chin black: neck crimson: upper
parts of the body, wings, and tail, pale reddish
brown: breast with a black band: rest of the
under parts white, mixed with black at the thighs;
quills black: legs brown. Found in Carolina,
440
BLACK-FACED FINCH.
(Fringilla cristata.)
Fr. cristata rubro- fusca, SaCn Ores subtus urupysio cristaque coc-
cineis.
Reddish-brown crested Finch, with the body bencath, rump,
and crest scarlet.
Fringilla cristata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 926. 2.—Lath.- Ind. Orn.
1. 434. 4. | ‘ :
Le Friquet huppé. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 496.
Moineau de Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Enl, 181. f. 1.
Black-faced Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 253. 3 —Lath. Sy.
Sup. 104.
Size of a House Finch: length six and a half
inches: beak red: upper parts of the plumage,
wings, and tail, reddish-brown: under parts, and
rump, crimson: top of the head crested and crim- —
son: sides of the head black: legs brown. Inha-
bits Cayenne, and other parts of South America.
4.4]
MOUNTAIN FINCH.
( Fringilla canadensis. )
Fr. castaneo et griseo-fusco varia, subtus cinerascens, macula ag
basin rostri rufescente, fascia alarum duplici alba. )
Finch varied with grey-fuscous and chesnut, beneath cineras-
cent, with a rufescent spot at the base of the —. and a
double white stripe on the wings.
Fringilla canadensis, Lath, Ind. Orn, 1. 434.'8. °
Fringilla monticola. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.912.
Passer canadensis. Bris, 3. 102: 15.
Le Soulicet. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 500.
Moineau de Canada. Buff. Pl. Enl.223. f. 2.
Mountain Finch, Lath. Gen, Syn. 3.265. 16.
* Size of F. domestica: length above six inches :
beak reddish: crown of the head chesnut, varie-
gated with grey, brown in the middle: sides’ of
the head, and neck, white: upper parts brown,
mixed with darker brown: quills and tail much
darker, margined with paler: wings with two
white bars: under parts of the body white: legs
brown. - Found i in Canada. .
4.49 ees NE Dea
; Dears Meh ey ea
: weit ae Ae
CHAF-FINCH.
(Fringilla Celebs.)
Fr. remigibus utrinque albis, tribus primis immaculatis, rectrici-
bus duabus oblique albis.
Finch with quills on each side white, the three first of which
are immaculate, the two outer tail-feathers obliquely white.
Fringilla Celebs. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 318, 3. mas. @. fem.—
Tan. Faun. Suec. 232.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 901.—Bris. 3. 148.
36.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1. 436. 12:
Le Pingon. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 109. 4.—Buff. Pl. Enl.
54. f. 1.
Chaf-finch. Penn. Brit. Zool. 1.125. ia aal Arct. Soa 2. 381.
F.—Albin. 1. 63.—Lewin. Brit. Birds. 2. 79.—Mont, Brit.
Birds. 1.—Bewick. Brit, Birds, 160. es Gen. Syn. 3. 257.
10.— Lath. Syn, Sup, 165.
Tue Chaf:finch has the beak blueish, with black
tips; irides hazel: forehead black: crown of the
head, back, and sides of the neck, blueish ash-.
colour: cheeks, under side of the neck, and breast
vinaceous: back chesnut brown: belly white,
tinged with vinaceous: bastard wing and coverts
of the primaries black; secondaries tipped with
white: lesser coverts black and greyish, with a
white spot in the middle: quills dusky, slightly
margined with greenish yellow on the outer webs,
and marked oan white-on both webs at the base :
rump greenish: tail dusky, the exterior feathers
obliquely marked with white, the next tipped with
the same: legs dusky. Female dull green above,
CHAF-FINCH. 443
breast and belly brown; wings similar in markings
to the male, but not so bright.
Dr. Latham mentions a variety with the head
and neck ash-colour: cheeks brownish: back
and scapulars the same, inclining to ash: rump
greenish: the under parts brown flesh-colour : the
lesser and greater wing-coverts white ; the middle
ones, quills, and tail, black; the two outer ones
half way white on their outer margins. It is also
subject to other variations, as it is sometimes found
entirely white, and also with the crown of the head
and collar round the neck of the same colour.
This beautiful bird is one of the commonest in
England, and the male is sometimes taken for its _
song, which is rather pleasing to some, but ceases
in the winter. Its nest is generally composed of
plants and moss, lined inside with hair, feathers,
wool, or such like substances: it is mostly fixed
in some thick, low bush; particularly in ivy or
_apple-trees overgrown with moss and lichen, ge-
nerally assimilating it to the colour of the sur-
rounding substances. ‘The eggs of this bird are
four or five in number, of a dirty white colour,
tinged with purple, and marked with streaks and
spots of a darker colour. In the summer it
lives chiefly on insects, with which it feeds its
young; but in the winter becomes gregarious,
‘and feeds on seeds and grain. In this country.
both sexes remain the whole year; but in Sweden
_ the males only stay, the females migrating to the
south, from whence they return in the spring.
Mr. White mentions, in his Natural History of
V. IX. P. Il. 30
444, BRAMBLE FINCH.
Selbourn, that flocks of females are occasionally
seen near Christchurch in Hampshire, which most
probably came from some northern country. This
species is found throughout Europe, and many
parts of Africa. It is called by various names
in this country, such as White-linnet, Flax-finch,
Beech-finch, Horse-finch, Pink, Twink, Spink, &e.
S dtaudauinimeenee aeal
BRAMBLE FINCH.
(Fringila montifringilla.)
Fr. nigra pennis rufo marginatis, subtus uropygioque alba, jugulo
pectoreque rufescentibus, rectricibus lateralibus nigricantibus,
extus albo marginatis. 3
Black Finch, with the feathers margined with rufous; beneath
and vent white ; jugulum and breast rufescent; the lateral tail-
feathers blackish, externally margined with white. |
_Fringilla montifringilla. Ln. Syst. Nat. 1. 318. 4.—Lin. Faun.
Suec. 233.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 902.—Bris. 3. 155.—Lath.
Ind, Orn. 1. 439. 17. )
Le Pincon d’Ardennes. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 124.—Buff. Pl.
inl. 54. fi 2. in
Brambling, Mountain Finch. Penn. Brit. Zool. 126.—Penn. Arct.
Zool, 2. 381. E.— Albin. 3. 64.—Lewin. Brit. Birds, 2. 80.—
Mont. Brit. Birds. 1.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 163.—Lath. Gen.
Syn. 3. 261. 13.
Leneru rather more than six inches: beak yel-
low, tipped with black: irides hazel: the feathers
of the head, neck, and back, black, edged with
rusty brown: sides of the neck, above the wings,
blueish ash: throat, fore-part of the neck, and
breast, pale orange: belly and rump white:
hy
y
i
:
y fs
1. CHAF-FINCE.
2 BRAMBLE FINCH.
BRAMBLE FINCH. 445
lesser wittg-coverts pale reddish brown, edged
with white; greater coverts black, tipped with
pale yellow: quills dusky, edged with pale yel-
lowish: tail forked; the outermost feathers edged
with white, the rest black, with whitish edges:
legs pale brewn: female less brilliant in colour
than the male: in her the sides of the head and
back of the neck are grey; on the latter are two
dusky lines passing from the head downwards:
the top of the head and back are dusky, each
feather deeply margined with grey, giving.those
parts a beautiful mottled appearance: the rufous
colour on the breast and wings is very faint, but
the markings are similar to those of the male.
This species is subject to the following varia-
tion, having been found with a black streak over
each oe bade towards the hind head, and join-
ing each other: with two bars on the wing-coverts,
the upper one reddish white, and the lower ferru-
ginous: throat and breast taw ny: belly and rump
ite
It is common in many parts of Europe, but
most probably breeds only in the northern parts :
it is said to build a nest in lofty fir trees, composed
of long moss, and lined with hair, wool, and fea-
thers: the female lays four or five white eggs,
speckled with yellow: it is frequently found —
among Chaf-finches, in immense flocks: Buffon
says it has been found in France in such numbers
that, the ground has been quite covered with
their dung, and that upwards of six hundred dozen
446 RED-CROWNED FINCH.
have been killed each night, during the greatest
part of the winter. ‘They generally fly so close
together; that a great many may be killed with
one shot: Dr. Latham mentions having received
eighteen that were killed in that way. ‘The flesh
of these birds is said to be very bitter, but in-
finitely superior to that of the Chaf-finch; but their
song is much inferior, being only a disagreeable
chirp: they are said to be particularly fond of
beech mast, but will feed on most kinds of food
that are usually given to caged birds.
‘ RED-CROWNED FINCH.
(Fringilla ruticapilla.)
‘Fr. corpore supra fusco subtus cinereo, gula ferrugined, edaistiro
albo, capillitio insuper rufescente, cauda nigra,
Finch with the body above fuscous, beneath cinereous, throat
ferruginous, capistrum white, the hairs inclining to red, tail
black.
Fringilla ruticapilla. Lath, Ind. Orn, }. 436. 14.
Emberiza ruticapilla, Mus. Carls. 2. AA. Gm: a Nat. 1
Sey
Red-crowned Finch. Lath. Syn, Sup, II. 206. 1.
Beak brown: crown and back of the head
reddish, bordered with black on the sides and in
front : face and cheeks white, spotted with black:
chin rust-colour: upper parts of the plumage
brown: breast reddish ash: belly and vent ash-
colour: tail black. :
Ae
Bs
se
PARROT FINCH.
4.4°7
- PARROT FINCH.
4 (Fringilla psittacea, )
Fr. viridis, facie uropygio rectricibusque coccineis, lateribus intus
Suscis.
Green Finch, with the face, rump, and tail scarlet, the inner
side brown.
_ Fringilla psittacea. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1, 903.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 417. 61. :
‘Parrot Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 287. 54. t. 48.
Tuts beautiful species is.a native of New Cale-
donia: in length about four inches: beak black:
face, throat, rump, and tail, bright scarlet: rest of
the body of a beautiful green, lightest beneath :
outer edge of the quills green; the inner grey-
brown: wings reach to the base of the tail, which
is wedge-shaped, and has the two middle feathers
bright scarlet, with brown shafts; the other five
on each side have only the outer web scarlet, the
inner being brown.
443
RED-FACED FINCH.
(Fringilla afra. )
Tr. fusco viridis, genis pallide coccinets, cauda coccinea, remigibus
nigr icantibus eatus uurantiis.
-Brown-green Finch; cheeks pale scarlet, tail deep scarlet, quill
blackish, externally orange.
‘Fringilla afra. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. ¢05.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1.
451. 60.
‘Red-faced Finch. Brown's Illust. 25.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 286.
53.
Descrisep in Brown’s Illustrations of Zoology :
in length near six inches: prevailing colour of the
plumage deep dull green: cheeks crimson: pri-
mary quills dusky, margined with dull orange:
tail dull crimson: legs yellowish. Native of
Angola. Piet
AAQ
CRIMSON-HEADED FINCH.
(Fringilla rosea.)
Fr. cinereo-rubescens, subtus alba, capitis uropygii gutturisque
ennis apice ruberrimis, remigibus rectricibusque fuscis margine
lutescentibus.
Ash-coloured red Finch; beneath white, with the feathers of the
head, rump, and throat, tipped with red; the quills and tail-
feathers fuscous, with yellowish margins, |
Fringilla rosea, 8. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 444. 33.
Loxia erythrina. Gmel. Syst. Nat, 1, 864.
Crimson-headed Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 271, 29.—Penn.
Avet. Zool. 2. 257, ?
6. rosea, capistro argenteo, dorso lituris ex griseo fuscescentibus
vario, alis caudaque Mpricentilyss, recticum margine exteriore —
TOSEO.
Rose-coloured, with the capistrum silvery, back varied with grey-
brown marks, wings and tail blackish, the exterior tail-fea.
thers bordered with rose-colour. i
Fringilla rosea. Lath. Ind, Orn. 1, 444. 33.—Gmel. Syst, Nat.
1. 923. |
Rosy Finch, Lath. Syn, Sup. II, 207. 3.
Tuts bird is the size of Loxia Chloris: length
about five inches: beak brownish horn-colour ;.
between which and the eyes the colour is ashe
coloured-grey : head, neck, and throat, red : lower
part of the neck whitish: nape and back cinereous,
tinged with red: wing-coverts brown, margined
with reddish: quills brown, with luteous borders:
under parts white, tinged with red on the breast
and sides: tail slightly forked; shafts of the
feathers brown, margins yellowish: legs horn.
, a
‘450 CRIMSON-HEADED FINCH.
coloured. Female entirely of a yellowish ash-
colour on the upper parts: crown spotted with
yellow : sides of the head dirty white: chin white :
neck with a few obscure brown marks: tail dusky
brown, bordered with grey.
This species varies in having the face white:
the back varied with grey and brown, with a
general tinge of rose-colour : wings and tail dusky,
externally bordered with rose-colour.
The Crimson-headed Finch, of the Arctic Zoo-
logy, appears to be referable to this species. It
has the head and breast crimson, the former
spotted with a few obscure dusky marks; and the
space round the eye entirely dusky: back, wing-
coverts, primaries, and tail, black, with crimson
edges: belly white, tinged with rose-colour.
. Found in the thick woods about the rivers —
Wolga and Samara, where it is known by the
name of Red Sparrow; likewise in the vicinity of
the ‘Tomsk in Siberia, residing in the willows, but
is not very abundant: it is a very tame and foolish
bird, and feeds on the seeds of plants: the female
makes her nest of hay between the branches of
trees, laying about five eggs: in the winter it
unites with the snow-flakes. The second variety _
is a native of North America, about New York,
where it arrives in the spring : it is very abundant
among the red cedars, and isa very active bird,
shifting with inconceivable velocity round the
trunks.
iii
aN
Dy;
ID
My) ‘
CRIMSON-CROWNED 'FINCH.
451
CRIMSON-CROWNED FINCH.
(Fringilla flammea. )
Fr. fusca, crista flammea, corpore subtus roseo.
Brown Finch, with a crimson crest, and the body beneath rose-
coloured.
Fringilla flammea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 322. 26.—Lin. Faun.
Suec, 238.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 915.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 438.
13. . a . |
Fringilla cristata. Briss. 3. 155. 5.
Flaming Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 380. F.
‘Crimson-crowned Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. (259.11. t. 47.
‘Tue Crimson-crowned Finch is the size of F.
cannabina, being above four inches in length : beak
pale brown: top of the head of a bright crimson ;
the feathers rather inclining to a crest ; upper parts
‘of the body brown; under parts pale rose-colour :
legs pale brown. Said by -Linnzus to inhabit
Nordland. EO ee ae
452
RUFOUS-CHINNED FINCH.
(Fringilla noctis,)
Fr. nigra, gula lorisque rufis, rostro mgro.
Black Finch, with the threat and lores rufous, and beak black.
Fringilla noctis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 19.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 909.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1,441.24.
Passer niger. he 8.118. 23: fey. ted.
Pere noir, Buff Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 485.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 201.
1.
mite chinned Finch, — Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 267. 20.
B. Plumbeo-cerulea, gula macula rufa, remigibus Tene
nigricantibus.
Of a lead-coloured blue; the throat: with a rufous spot, quills
and tail-feathers dusky.
Fringilla martinicensis. Gmel. Syst, Nat. 1. 900.
Tanagra ruficollis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 894.
a diustthineted Tanager. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 241 wens Syn.
Sup. 161.
Size of the Sparrow: length about five itichiée’ :
beak black: irides red: the whole plumage black,
except the chin, and a spot between the beak and
eye, which are rufous orange-colour : legs blackish.
The rufous-throated Tanager, of Dr. Latham, is.
only a slight variety of this species, differing in
being of a very dark indigo blue, and wanting the
orange-coloured spot between the beak and eye:
in other respects it is similar to the above.
Both varieties are said to be very common at
Martinico, Jamaica, and other of the West India
Islands: they feed.on seeds, grass, fruits, and
insects,
“GLOSSY FINCH.
:(Fringilla nitens,)
Fr. chalybeo-nigra, rostro pedibusque carneis.
Glossy-black Finch, with the beak and feet flesh-coloured.
Fringilla nitens. Gimel. Syst. Nat. 1. 969,.—Lath, Ind, Orn. 1.
442, 25.
Passer niger erythrorynchos. “Briss. 3. 120. 24.
Moineau de Brésil. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 486.— Buf. Pt.
Enl, 201. fo-A.2.
Glossy Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 267. 21.—Lath, Syn. Sup.
105.
B. tota nigra, rostro ee concoloribus,
Entirely black, beak and feet the same.
Fringilla Ethiops. Gmel. Sy:t. Nat.1. 908.
Moineau de-Cayenne. Buff. Pl. Eni. 224. f. 3.
Lenotu four inches and a half: beak flesh-
colour :.irides white: plumage entirely of a blue-
black, shining like steel: legs the same as the
beak : eale. with the feathers on the upper parts
blackish, margined with yellowish brown: under
parts dusky yellowish brown: behind and above
the eye a blackish streak: rump grey. ‘The male
is sometimes found entirely of a black colour, and
with the irides rufous.
This species is a native of North America: it
feeds on fruits and seeds, is easily tamed, and in
that state feeds on bread: it has a very slight note,
which requires great exertion to produce it.
SCARLET FINCH.
(Fringilla coccinea.)
Fr. fulvo coccinea, alis caudaque nigricantibus, remigibus _
marginatis, rectricibus apice nigris.
Fulvous-scarlet Finch, with the wings and tail blackich, the
quills margined with fulvous, and the tips of the tail- feathers
black.
Fringilla coccinea. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 921.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 444, 32. :
‘Scarlet Finch. Lath. Gen. Sy 3. 270. 28.
Tue general colour of the plumage of this bird
is of a beautiful deep orange, inclining to scarlet:
the wings and tail are dusky; the latter even at
the end: quills edged with orange; primaries
with black tips: legs black: beak brown. Native
of the Sandwich Islands, and is about four inches
-and a half in length.
FERRUGINOUS FINCH.
(Fringilla ferruginea.)
Fr. fusca ferrugineo marginata, subtus pallida, pectore maculis
obscuris, regione oculorum alba.
Fuscous Finch margined with ferruginous, beneath pale, breast
with obscure spots, region of the eyes white.
° Fringilla ferruginea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 921.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1,445. 35.
Littl Sparrow. Edwards. 354. f. 2.
Ferruginous Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2.251.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
3.272. 31.
Tuis bird is the size of Motacilla modularis :
the length is about five and a half inches: the
beak is dusky: space round the eyes white: upper
parts of the body, quills, and tail, dark brown,
bordered with reddish: under parts light-colour-
ed; the breast sprinkled with long dark spots : legs
flesh-colour. Inhabits various parts of North
America.
456
RED-BREASTED FINCH.
' (Fringilla punicea.)
Fr. nigra, genis cor ‘poreque toto sublus coccineis, t eckricibus aiaruin
Sasciolis duabus albis. ,
Black Finch, with the cheeks and whole body beneath scarlet ;
the wing-coverts with two white fascia.
Fringilla punicea. Gmiel. Syst. Nut. 1. 921.—Lath. edhe
V. 444. 34. | |
Red-breasted Finch. Penn: Arct. Zocl. 2. 275.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
3. 272: 30:
Founp in North America in the spring: the.
beak is white: the cheeks, throat, fore-part of the
neck and breast, are of arich crimson: the crown,
upper part of the neck, back, wings, and tail, are
black: legs black: wing-coverts barred with two
white lines. —
457
LULEAN FINCH.
(Fringilla lulensis.)
Fr. fusca, pectore humerisque rufis, alis nigris macula rufa, cotlo
corporeque subtus albis.
Brown Finch, with the breast and shoulders rufous, wings
black with a rufous spot, neck and body beneath white.
Fringilla Julensis.. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 318. 5.—Lin. Faun. Suec.
134.—Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 902.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 452. 63.
Carduelis Suecica. Bris. 3. 63.2.
Le Chardonnerct 4 quatre raies. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.210.
Lulean Finch, Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 380. B.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
278. 56..
Turis bird is a native of Sweden, and is the size
of the Goldfinch: the beak is brown: head and
upper parts blackish ash-colour: lesser wing-
coverts rufous; next the same, forming a band,
below which is one of black, and another of rufous,
which is farther bordered with black, and lastly
with white: quills dusky: throat and fore-part of
the neck white: breast rufous; from thence to
the vent whitish: tail dusky.
RED-HEADED FINCH.
(Fringilla erythrocephala. )
Fr. olivacea, capite colloque coccineis, orbitis nigris, fascia tectrt-
cum duplici alba.
Olivaceous Finch, with the head and neck scarlet, orbits black,
wing-coverts with a double white band.
Fringilla erythrocephala. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 905.—Lath, Ind.
Orn. 1. 452. 62.
Red-headed Finch. Brown’s Illust, 28.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
287. 55.
Tur Red-headed Finch is near five inches in
length: the beak is black: head and neck beau-
tiful scarlet: lores black : wing-coverts with two
white bars; the wings black: back, breast, and
belly olive: tail black: legs reddish grey. In-
habits the Isle of France.
459
LONG-BILLED FINCH.
_ (Fringilla longirostris.)
Fr. fusco flavoque varia, subtus subfulva, capite nigro, collo torque
castaneo, rectricibus olivacets intus flavo marginatis.
Finch varied with fuscous and yellow; beneath subfulvous ; head
black; neck with a chesnut ruff; tail-feathers olive, margined
internally with yellow. |
Fringilla longirostris. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 900.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 447, 48. | ;
Fringilla senegalensis. Bris, 3. 173. 46. t. 15. f. 2.
Le Pingon along bec. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 143.
‘Long-billed Finch. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 277. 42.
_ Lareer than the Chaffinch: above six inches
an length: beak long, and grey brown: head and
throat black: neck with a chesnut collar: back,
wing-coverts, scapulars and rump, variegated with
brown and yellow: quills brown, margined with
olive without, and yellow within; on the edges
of the secondaries the same: under parts of the
body orange yellow: tail olive, all but the two
middle feathers, fringed with yellow on the inner
edges: legs grey brown. Inhabits Senegal.
Vv. IX. P. Ik B51
4.60
GOLD-FINCH.
(Fringilla Carduelis,)
Fr. remigibus antrorsum luteis, extima immaculata, restricibus
duabus extimis medio reliquisque apice albis.
Finch with the quills in front yellow, the outer one immaculate ;
the two outer tail-feathers white in the middle, the rest so at
the tip.
Fringilla Carduelis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 318. 7: Soh Faun.
Suec. 236.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 903. — Bris. 3. 58+ 13 -—Lath. .
Ind, Orn. 1. 449. 58.
Le Chardonneret. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 187. J 10.— Buff. Pl.
Enl. 4. f. 1.
Gold, or Thistle-Finch. Penn. Brit. Zool. 2.124.—Penn. Arct.
Zool, 2. 283, H.— Hayes. Brit. Birds. 34.—Albin. Birds. 1
64.—Lewin. Brit, Birds. 3. 81.—Montagu. Brit. Birds. 1.—
Bewick. Brit. Birds, 1. 165.—Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 281. 51.
B. nigricans, remigibus flavescentibus, corpore subtus einerascente,
pectore virescente, capistro croceo.
Blackish, with the quills yellowish; body beneath ash=coloured
breast greenish; capistrum saffron- coloured.
Fringilla nigra icterocephalos. Bris. 3.61.6.
Le Chardonneret noir 4 téte jaune. Bug. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.
207. 8.» .
Gold-finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 8. 285. G.
4 -
Tuts elegant little bird is rather less than the
Chaffinch: its beak is white, and tipped with -
black: the forehead and chin are of a rich scar-
let; which is divided by a line of black, passing
from each corner of the beak to the eyes, which
are likewise black: cheeks white: top of the
head black, which colour extends downwards on
each side, and divides the white on the cheeks
‘gre
NS
bara x
Ss
~
SS
ROS
GOLD -FINCH.
GOLD-FINCH. 461
from the white spot on the hind head : back, rump,
and breast, pale brown: wing-coverts black, in the
male; quills the same, marked in the middle
of each feather with yellow, forming a large
patch of that colour, on the wing, when closed;
tips white: tail-feathers black, with most of them
‘spotted with white at their tips, and the two
outer ones in the middle : legs white :. female has
- the feathers at the base of the beak, and the wing-
coverts, brown, and tlie black and yellow on the
wings less brilliant.
This species is subject to very great variety, of
which we shall notice the following, as being the
most remarkable. It has the beak surrounded with
a saffron-coloured ring: the rest of the head and
upper parts blackish: breast greenish black:
belly and under parts brownish ash-colour: edge
of the wing greenish black: quills black, with
more white than common in them, the usual
yellow parts being only yellowish : tail black.
Dr. Latham has given a great many variations of
this bird in his work, which we will endeavour to
describe as ‘concise as is agreeable to the limits of
this work. ‘The first differs from the common one
in having the fore-part of the head red, and the
region of the eyes white: the next has the head
striped alternately with red and white: another
has the head, throat, and neck, black, with a red
. Spot near the beak: one has the forehead, cheeks,
and throat, red; the other parts of the body,
except the wings and tail, which are brownish-ash,
whitish; and that part of the wings which is
462 GOLD-FINCH:
generally yellow dingy: another variety is wholly
white, except the outer edges of the quills, which
are yellow, and none of them tipped with black:
it is also found entirely white, and not unfre-
quently quite black ; and variations between these
two states are also often taken. )
There is a variety with white spots under the
throat often taken by the bird-catchers, who call
it a Cheverel. | :
The young birds have the head grey, and are
called Grey Yy-pates.
This species 1s very much esteemed for the
beauty of its song, and is frequently kept in cages :
it begins to sing early in the spring, and continues
the greatest part of the year ; some birds will even
continue to sing throughout the whole year: in
confinement it is generally fed on hempseed ; but
in a state of nature it feeds on seeds of various
kinds, particularly thistle and teasel: it feeds its '
young on caterpillars and insects; its nest is very
elegantly formed externally of bents, moss, and
liverwort, wove together with wool, and lined with
wool, or hair covered with thistle down, or willow
- cotton, and generally built in evergreen trees, or
hedges: its eggs are four or five in number, of
a blueish white, with a few small spots, chiefly
at the larger end: it has often two broods in the
year.
It is a very docile bird, and may often be
_ taught a great variety of tricks, such as to draw
up its food and water, by means of a bucket: it
breeds with the Canary, and the produce is known
GREEN GOLD-FINCH. A6S
by the name of Mule, or Canary Goldfinch: is
said to live upwards of twenty years: and is very
abundant throughout Europe, but not so common
in Africa, or Asia.
GREEN GOLD-FINCH.
(Fringilla Melba.)
Fr. viridis, facie cauddque rubris, abdomine albo nigroque undu-
lato. |
Green Finch, with the face and tail red, abdomen undulated
with black and white.
Fringilla Melba. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 319. 8—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 904.— Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 451. 59.
Carduelis viridis. Bris. App. 70.
Maracaxao. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.211.
Green Gold-finch. Edwards. 272. male.—128. female.— Lath.
Gen. Syn. 3. 286. 52.
Size of the common Goldfinch: beak flesh-
coloured: forehead and throat bright red: line
between the beak and eye blueish ash-colour:
upper parts of the body yellowish green: wing-
coverts and secondaries greenish, with red mar-
gins: quills dusky: breast olive green: belly and
under the tail white; all the under parts varie-
gated with dusky transverse lines: rump and tail
bright red: legs pale brown: female has the beak
pale yellow: top of the head and neck ash-colour :
base of the wings and rump yellowish green, in-
stead of red: and a brown tail, edged with dull
red. Said by Edwards to inhabit Brazil, and by
Linneus, China. |
AMERICAN GOLD-FINCH.
(Fringilla tristis. )
Fr, flava, fronte nigra, alis fuscis.
Yellow Finch, with a black forehead, and brown wings.
Fringilla tristis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.320. 12.—Gmel. Syst. Nat,
1. 907.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 452. G4.
Carduelis Americana. Bris, 3. 64. 3.
Le Chardonneret jaune. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 212.—Buf,
Pl, Enl..202f. 2- |
American Gold-finch. Penn, Arct. Zool. 2. Sigs Bigteea.
274.—Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 288. 67.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 166.
Leneru about four and a half inches: beak
white: irides hazel: forehead black : wing-coverts
and quills the same; the former with a white
band, and the latter with the edges and tips of the
lesser ones white: rest of the body yellow: thighs
and tail-coverts yellowish white: tail black: legs
white: female without the black on the head: the
upper parts of the body are olive green: throat,
breast, and rump, pale yellow: belly and vent
white: in other respects similar to the male, but
paler: found about New York, in the summer:
feeds on thistles: are called York Yellows: like-
wise found at Surinam and Jamaica. |
465
BEAUTIFUL FINCH.
(Fringilla elegans. )
Fr. supra ‘viridis, collo cinereo, pectore flavo, capistro gula.uro-
pygio caudague rubris, abdomine maculis lunatis albis. |
Finch above green, with a grey neck; yellow breast ; red throat,
rump, and tail; and the abdomen with Sescooniecl eee white
Spots.
Fringilla elegans, Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 912.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 441, 22.
Le beau Marquet. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 3. 497. 30. f. 2.—
Buff. Pl. Enl. 203. 1. 7
Beautiful Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 266. 19.
Axsove five inches in length: beak, forehead,
capistrum, and throat, red: hind part of the head
and neck dirty ash-colour: back green: wings
_the same; the quills tipped with dusky: breast
yellow; with the belly, and sides, undulated with
irregular white lines: lower part of the belly,
thighs, and vent, white: rump and tail red, in-
_ clining to chesnut: legs flesh-colour. Inhabits
_ Africa. |
ah
466
LOVELY FINCHs
(Fringilla Formosa.)
Fr. viridis, gula juguloque flavescentibus, abdomine albo nigroque
Sasciato, rostro pedibusque rubris.
Green Finch, with the throat and jugulum yellowile abdomen
banded with black and white; beak and feet red.
Fringilla Formosa. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 441, 23.
Lovely Finch. Lath, Syn. Sup. 1. 168.
Dee ceaes by Dr. Latham, who appears to
consider it as a variety of I’. elegans, as it does
not differ very much from that bird; but from its
inhabiting India, it is most probably distinct, as
the Beautiful Finch is a native of Africa: in fact,
this species is much smaller, and has not the rump
and tail similar to that of the preceding. - Dr. .
Latham’s description is as follows: ‘* Size of a
Siskin: beak red: general colour of the plumage
green: chin and fore-part of the neck inclining
to yellow: belly and vent elegantly barred with
black and white: tail dusky black : legs pale red.”
| fe
SISKIN FINCH.
467
SISKIN FINCH.
(Fringilla Spinus.)
Fr, rest medio lutets, primis quatuor ammaculatis, rectricibus
bast flavis apice nigris.
Finch with the quills yeHow in the middle, the first four without
spots ; tail-feathers yellow at the base and black at the tip.
Fringilla Spinus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1, 322.25.—Lin. Faun. Suec-
237.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.1. 914.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 452. 65.
Ligurinus. Bris. 3.65. 4. :
Le Tarin. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 221 sg ie Pi, Enl. A85.
J 3.
Siskin, or Aberdevine. Penn. Brit. Took 120. Sige et
Arct. Zool. 2. 243.—Albin. Birds. 3. 76.— Mont. Sup.— Lewin.
Brit. Birds. 2. 82. —Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 289. 58.—Lath, Syn.
Sup. 166.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 167. -
Tue Aberdevine, or Siskin, is about four inches
and a half in length: beak whitish, tipped with
black: irides dusky: top of the head black: hind
head and all the upper parts of the body yellowish
green, mostly yellow on the rump, the feathers
streaked with dusky down the middle: sides of
the head, chin, throat, and breast, greenish yel-
low, not spotted: middle of the belly whitish:
sides tinged with yellow, and marked with large
dusky streaks: under tail-coverts the same: lesser
wing-coverts similar to the back: the series im-
mediately impending the greater coverts chiefly
yellow: the greater coverts black tipped with
yellow; forming two yellow bands across the
wing, divided by one of black: quills dusky, the
468 _ SISKIN FINCH.
primaries slightly edged with greenish yellow on —
the outer web, and at the base of the inner; the
rest of the quills edged-with the same on their
outer webs only, near the ends; the base of each
feather, for nearly one half, pale yellow: tail very
much forked; the two middle feathers dusky, the
rest yellow half way from the base; the ends dusky,
slightly edged with yellow on the outer webs:
legs pale: female differs in having the crown of
the head dusky and grey mixed, and the general
aspect much duller: young males have-the black
feathers of the head margined with brown; in other
respects they resemble the old bird, but are not
quite so bright in colour. ‘There are two or three
varieties of this bird mentioned by Buffon and
thers ; but as they are found in other parts of the
globe, it will be most prudent (to avoid confusion)
not to attach them to this, as some of them -ap-
pear to be very distinct species.
The Siskin is common in most parts of Europe,
but is scarce in this country, which it only appears
to migrate to occasionally, not having been known
to breed here, unless the assertion of Mr. Bolton,
in his Harmonia Ruralis, be correct, where it is
said to breed in Westmoreland: the nest is deli-
neated by Sepp, placed in a fork of a tree, built
with dry bents, and leaves, and thickly lined with
feathers: the eggs are three in number, and of a
dull white: its food consists principally of seeds :
it drinks often, and seems to be partial to throwing
the water over its feathers. It is often paired with
the Canary, with which it breeds freely ; and when
SISKIN FINCH. 469
a male Siskin is matched to a female Canary, he
is very assiduous in his attention to her, carrying
materials for the nest, and assisting in its con-
struction, and, during the time of incubation, re-
gularly supplying her with food: the produce of
the above is reckoned by many to sing very
pr ettily.
This species is known in Sussex by Be name of
Barley bird, from making its appearance about the
time of sowing that grain: it is said to do great
injury in Germany to the hop grounds, by picking
out the seeds: it will frequently collect. im small
“flocks with Redpoles, and extract the seeds of the
alder. Buffon mentions the appearance of this
bird in immense flights, once in the course of three
or four years, on the continent. It is a docile and.
familiar bird, and may be taught to draw up its
bucket of seeds and water like the Goldfinch.
470
CHINESE SISKIN FINCH.
(Fringilla Sinensis.)
Fr. olivacea subtus flava, capite nigro, tectricibus alarum minori-
bus fasciis duabus nigris, remigibus rectricibusque nigris bast
flavts. | .
Olive Finch, beneath yellow ; head black; lesser wing-coverts
with two black fasciz ; quills and tail-feathers black, yellow
at the base.
Fringilla Sinensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 915.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 447. 50.
Le Tarrain de la Chine. Sonner. Voy. Ind. 2. 202.
Chinese Siskin. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 293. 61.
Beak and head of this species black : hind part
of the neck, and back, olive-green: wing-coverts.
yellow; the lesser ones with two black fascia,
_and the larger with a black spot at the tip: quills’
black; the greater ones, at the base, yellow: fore-
part of the neck, belly, and vent, yellow: tail
yellow at the base, and black at the tip: legs
black. Native of China. :
47]
MEXICAN SISKIN FINCH.
(Fringilla Mexicana. )
Fr. fusco-virescens, subtus albida,
Brown-green Finch, beneath whitish.
Fringilla Mexicana. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1.914.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 453. 66.
Ligurinus Mexicanus. Bris, 3. 70. 5.
Mexican Siskin. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 292. 59.
- Tuts species has the same habits and food as
the common Siskin, of which it is the size; and
has the upper part of a brownish green; the
under parts yellowish white; quills and tail simi-
lar to the back. Is found at Mexico.
BLACK MEXICAN SISKIN FINCH.
(Fringilla Cacatototl.)
Fr, nigricante fulvoque varia, subtus candida.
Finch varied with blackish and fulvous, beneath whitish.
Fringilla Catotol. Gmel.’ Syst. Nat. 1. 914.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1, 453. 67.
Ligurinus Mexicanus nigro. Bris. 3.71. 6.
Cacatototl. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ovs. 4. 234.
Black Mexican Siskin, Lath. Gen, Syn. 3, 292. 60.
Tuts likewise is found at Mexico, with the pre-
ceding, and has a very fine song: it is the size of
_ the common Siskin, and has the upper parts of
AT 2, CITRIL FINCH.
the body variegated with fulvous and dusky; the
under parts being white; and legs cinereous:
feeds on the seeds of the hoauhtli.
CITRIL FINCH.
( Fringula citrinella.)
Fr. subvirescens, dorso.fusco-maculato, pedibus hpi & omnore
subtus flavescente.
Greenish Finch, with the beak spotted with fuscous; feet flesh-
coloured; body beneath yellowish.
Fringilla citrinella. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 16.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 908.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 454. 70.
Serinus Italicus. Briss. 3. 182. 51.
Le Venturon de Provence. Buff. Pl. Enl. 658. f. 2.
Citril Finch. Willoug. Birds. 205. 46. Pee Gen. Syn. 3.
207. 64.
Tue Citril Finch is rather less than the Serin : its
beak is brown: the upper parts of the plumage
yellowish green, sprinkled with brown : the lesser
wing-coverts, and quills, greenish; the greater
dusky, edged with green: the under parts of the
body, and rump, greenish yellow: the breast of
the male brightest: tail-feathers similar to the
wing-coverts, and slightly forked: legs flesh-
colour.
This species has a very fine song, and is very
common in Greece, Italy, France, ‘Turkey, and
other a places.
473
SERIN FINCH.
(Fringilla Serinus.)
Fr. subvirescens, mandibula inferiore albida, dorso lateribus fusco
maculatis, fascia alarum flava,
Greenish Finch, with the lower mandible whitish; the sides of
the back spotted with fuscous; and a yellow band on the
wings,
Fringilla Serinus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 17.—Gmel, Syst.
Nat. 1. 908.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 454. 69.
Serinus. Briss. 3. 179. 50.
Serin. Buff. Pl. Enl. 658. f. 1.
Serin Finch. . Lath. Gen. Syst. 3, 2960. 63.
Lenetu above four inches and a half: the
upper mandible of the beak grey brown, the un-
der whitish : the prevailing colour of the plumage
on the upper parts of the body brown, variegated
with yellowish green: under parts of a greenish
yellow, striped with longitudinal brown spots:
wings with a greenish band: quills brown, with
greenish grey borders: tail the same, and slightly
forked: legs brown.
Is said by Scopoli to become gregarious in the
spring, frequenting orchards, frequently taking
‘sudden flights upwards, and, after fluttering and
‘warbling in the air for some time, alights with
expanded wings nearly on the same spot from
~whence it arose: is fond of cabbage and hemp-
seed. Isa native of Italy, Austria, Turkey, and
the southern provinces of France.
4,74:
CANARY FINCH.
(Fringilla canaria.)
Fr. rostro corporeque albo-flavicante, remigibus rectricibusque vi-
rescentibus. | Be
Finch with the beak and body whitish yellow ; quills and tail-
feathers greenish.
Fringilla canaria. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 321. 23.—Gmel, Syst.
Nat. 1. 913.—Lath, Ind. Orn, 1. 454. 68.
Serinus canarius. Briss, 3. 184, 52.
Le Serin des Canaries. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ous. 4. 1. — Buff. Pl.
Enl. 202. f. 1.
Serins de Mozambique. Buff: Pl. Enl. 364. f. le -eaphe
Canary Finch. Albin. Birds. 1. 65.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 203.
62:.")* | '
Tue beak and legs of this well known bird
are pale flesh-colour: the prevailing colour of the
plumage yellow, more or less mixed with grey;
and in some with brown on the upper parts: tail
slightly forked: in a state of nature these birds
are chiefly grey; but in confinement they vary ex-
ceedingly, scarce any being found exactly similar.
Buffon describes a bird, which came from the
Mosambique Coast, and appears to be referable
to this species: it is rather less, and has a pale.
beak : the upper parts of the body are brown ;
the under parts and rump yellow: the feathers
of the wings, and tail, with pale edges; and the
head with two or three yellow streaks: the female
is nearly the same.
»
CANARY FINCH. ye
In a wild state, these birds are found principally
in the Canary Islands, frequenting damp places:
they are likewise found at Palma, Vayal, Cape
Verd, and Madeira: it is exceedingly subject to
variety, Buffon enumerating twenty-nine, and no
doubt many more might be added, if sufficient
care was taken in making observations on them:
they will breed freely with the Siskin and Gold-
finch, particularly the former ; and the pairs suc-
ceed best when the female is a Canary and the
male of the opposite species; but with the follow-
ing birds the reverse is best—the Linnet, Yellow-
hammer, Chaffinch, and Sparrow. Im the latter
instance it is difficult to succeed, although a fe-
male Canary, that has escaped from a cage, has
been known to bring up a brood of young, in
a bird pot, placed against a house, after pairing
with a Sparrow. Buffon observes, that the Siskin
is the only bird of which both sexes propagate
equally with the Canaries: he has also given an
account of the various methods of rearing these
birds; which is very instructive and pleasing:
which we must refer our readers to, as it is too
long for insertion in this work, occupying above
fifty pages.
They will also breed well with F. serinus,
and F, citrinella, which are very remarkable for
their song: they are said to live upwards of
fifteen years : it is almost needless to mention that
their song is very fine, and is very much admired
by most persons.
VOL, -IX. P. KL So
476
EUSTACHIAN FINCH.
(Fringilla Eustachii.)
Fr. flava subtus aurantia, macula infra oculos cerulea, alis cau-
daque rubris. :
Yellow Finch, beneath orange, with a cerulean spot beneath the
eyes; wings and tail red.
Fringilla Eustachii. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 911.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 448. 54. .
Fringilla insule 8S, Eustachii. Bris. 3.177. 48.
Le Pingon jaune et rouge. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 145.
Eustachian Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 279. 47.
Lenetu five inches and a half: beak red: side
of the head, beneath the eye, with a blue spot:
head, neck, and upper parts, brilliant yellow:
wings, tail, and legs, red: breast and under parts
orange. Inhabits the Isle of St. Eustatia.
477
YELLOW FINCH.
_ (Fringilla butyracea.)
Fr. virens, superciliis pectore abdomineque flavis, remigibus primc-
ribus margine exteriore albis.
Green Finch, with the supercilia, breast, and abdomen yellow,
and the exterior margin of the primaries white.
Fringilla butyracea. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.321. 22.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1, 913.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 455. 74.
Chloris Indica. Bris. 3. 195. 55.
Indian Greenfinch, Edwards. 84.
Yellow Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 299. 63.
‘Size of F. canaria: beak blackish brown above,
paler brown below: irides hazel: over the eyes a
yellow streak, and one or two of the same be-
neath, with a green one passing through: plumage
of the upper parts olive green: quills the same,
with whitish edges: under parts of the body, and
rump, yellow: tail yellowish green, and forked :
legs brown. ‘This species is said to sing most re-
markably well, and is a native of the East Indies
and the Cape of Good Hope, at which latter place
it is extremely abundant.
YELLOW-THROATED FINCH.
(Fringilla flavicollis.)
Fr. cinerea subtus albicans, gula alba macula flavescente, remigi-
bus obscurts. |
Cinereous Finch, beneath whitish; throat white, with a yellowish
spot; quills obscure.
Fringilla flavicollis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 926.— Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 465. 107. wit:
Yellow-throated Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 249.—Lath. ‘Syn.
Sup. 168. 97.
Tus species has the beak blueish grey: the
head and upper parts of the body ash-coloured: .
chin white: throat with a dull yellow spot: un-
der parts of the body dirty white: primary quills —
dusky, margined with pale brown: legs blueish
grey. Native of New York.
479
CEYLON FINCH.
(Fringilla zeylonica.)
Fr. flava, dorso virescente, capite nigro, corpore subtus abbo
nigricante vario, remigibus rectricibusque nigricantibus.
Yellow Finch, with the back greenish ; head black; body beneath
white varied with dusky; quills and tail-feathers dusky.
Fringilla zeylonica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 906.—Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 463. 98.
Ceylon Finch. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 317. 88.
Turis small species has the beak and head —
black: the whole body yellow, with a green tinge
on the back: quills and tail dusky, their outer
edges yellow: under parts of the body dirty white:
the supposed female has the beak the same as
above; the head tawny; back green ; breast
and belly yellowish white; and the wings and tail
dusky. Inhabits China.
480 ;
FRIZZLED FINCH.
4
( Fringilla crispa.)
Fr. olivacea subtus lutea, capite nigro, pennts plurimis recurvatis.
Olive Finch, beneath luteous, head black, with many of the
feathers recurved.
Fringilla crispa. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 324. 39.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1.927.—Bris. App. 80.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. 449. 56.
Le Pingon frizé. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 148.t. 7. f. 2.
Black and yellow Frizzled Sparrow. Edwards, 271. f 1.
Frizzled Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 280. 49. ;
Tuis most singular bird is the size of F.
Coeelebs; and has all the feathers of the body
frizzled, like some of the varieties of poultry:
the beak is white: head and neck black; with
sumetimes a white streak reaching from the fore-
head to the crown, and a white patch beneath the
eye: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail,
bright olive; under parts yellow: legs brown.
Supposed to inhabit Africa.
481
AUTUMNAL FINCH.
(Fringilla Autumnalis. )
Fr. virens, pileo ferrugineo, crisso testaceo.
Green Finch, with the top of the head ferruginous, and vent
testaceous,
Fringilla Autumnalis. zn. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 15.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 908.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 455. 72.
Autumnal Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 206. 66.
Tue Autumnal Finch is an inhabitant of Suri-
nam, and is entirely of a greenish colour, with
the top of the head ferruginous, the vent testa-
ceous; and the tail is not forked.
BAHAMA FINCH. .
(Fringilla bicolor.)
Fr. capite pectoreque nigris, dorso alts caudaque obscure vires-
centibus,
Finch with the head and breast black; back, wings, and tail,
obscure greenish.
Fringilla bicolor. Lin. Syst, Nat. 1. 324. 38.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 927.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 456, 75.
Chloris Bahamensis. Bris, 3. 202. 59.
Le Verdinere. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 184.
Bahama Finch. Penn. Arct, Zool. 2. 247.—Lath. Gen, Syn, 3.
300. 69.
THis species is the size of a Canary, and is in
length four inches: the beak, head, throat, breast,
4.82 IMPERIAL FINCH.
and legs, are black; the rest of the bird dirty
ereen: it varies in having a cinereous abdomen,
and a red tinged vent ; likewise without the back
of the neck and the head being black, and the
back tinged with ash-colour. It is a native of the
Bahama Islands and Jamaica. It has a very pleas-
ing note, which it sings when perched on the tops
of trees. |
IMPERIAL FINCH.
(Fringilla imperialis.)
Fr. ferrugineo-rosea, vertice subtusque flava, remigibus caudaque
breviore obscuris.
Rusty rose-coloured Finch, with the crown and under parts
yellow, quills and tail short and obscure.
Fringilla imperialis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 466. 111.
Imperial Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup. 169. 100.
Descrisep by Dr. Latham, from a drawing in
the possession of Sir Joseph Banks: ‘‘ Size of the
Amaduvade Finch: length three inches and a
half: beak dusky red: crown, and all the under
parts of the body, yellow: the upper parts pale
ferruginous rose-colour: quills and tail dusky ;
the last short: legs pale dusky red. Inhabits
China.”
483
N
GREEN-RUMPED FINCH.
(Fringilla multicolor. )
‘Fr. nigra subtus flavescens, dorso infimo femoribusque viridibus,
tectricibus alarum macula remigiumque secundarium fascia
alba. —
Black Finch, beneath yellowish, with the lower part of the back
and the thighs green, wing-coverts with a spot, and secondary
quills with a fascia, white.
Fringilla Multicolor. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 924.—Lath. Ind. Orn,
1. 405. 106.
Green-rumped Finch. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 320, 96.
Saip by Mr. Pennant to inhabit Ceylon: it has
the beak blueish: head, hind part of the neck,
upper part of the back, and tail, black: cheeks,
chin, and rest of the under parts, light yellow:
wings black; coverts with a white spot: seconda-
ries tipped with white: lower part of the back
and thighs green: vent yellow: legs grey.
484 -
TESTACEOUS FINCH.
(Fringilla testacea.)
Fr, testaceo-ferrugineo nigro nebulosa, remigibus rectricibusque
fuscis, rostro pedisque carneis.
Finch of a testaceous rust-colour, clouded with black, with
the quills and tail-feathers fuscous, beak and feet flesh-
coloured. de
Fringilla testacea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 928.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 465. 110.
Testaceous Finch. . Lath. Syn. Sup. 169. 102.
In length five and a half inches: beak pale red:
irides black : head, neck, back, breast, and belly,
rust-colour, variegated with black ; the two latter
palest: wings and tail brown: legs flesh-colour.
Supposed to inhabit Portugal.
BEARDED FINCH. |
(Fringilla barbata.)
Fr. lutea, alis viridibus nigro rubroque maculatis, gula barbata.
_ Luteous Finch, with the wings green spotted with black and
red, throat bearded.
Fringilla barbata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 915.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 456. 76.
Bearded Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup, IT, 208. 7.
Tue beak of this is white at the base, and black
at the tip: the head black and shining: from the
NORTON FINCH. | 485
chin hangs a tuft of black feathers, similar in
appearance to a beard; and which, in old birds,
extends to the middle of the breast: the body is
yellow, with a green tinge: the wings are green,
yellow, red, and black, mixed: tail brown: female
entirely grey; the chin without the beard-like
appendage, and the wings with yellow spots.
Found in the mountainous districts of Chili,
building in trees a nest composed of straw and
feathers, and laying two eggs: the male has a
very fine song, and is often kept in cages, but
the female is silent: it is called by the Spaniards
Jilguero, and its flesh is in high estimation, being
reckoned very delicious.
NORTON FINCH.
(Fringilla nortoniensis. )
Fr, nigra, subtus alba, jugulo ferrugineo maculato, remigibus cau-
daque nigricantibus, rectrice extima linea longitudinali alba.
Black Finch, beneath white; jugulum spotted with ferruginous ;
quills and tail blackish; the outer tail-feather with a longitu-
dinal white line.
Fringilla nortoniensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 922.—Lath. Ind.
Orn, 1. 446. 42. °
Norton Finch. Penn, Arct. Zool. 2. 256.—Lath. Gen. Syn, 3.
374. 36.
Tus bird has the head and upper part of the
neck black, edged with bright bay colour: the
belly and sides white: primary quills. dusky;
secondaries black, edged with bright brown: the
486 BLACK-COLLARED FINCH.
shafts of the sides and front of the neck ferru-
ginous: tail dusky, with dirty white edges; the
outer feather with a clear white line running its
whole length. Native of Norton Sound.
BLACK-COLLARED FINCH.
( Fringilla Abyssinica. )
Fr, flava, subtus collarique cervicis nigra, alis caudaque nigris
marginibus flavescentibus.
Yellow Finch, beneath and collar round the neck black; wings
and tail black, with yellowish margins.
Fringilla Abyssinica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 927.—Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 457. 79. '
Le Worabée. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 54.
_ Black-collared Finch. ~ Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 300. 76.
Kwown at Abyssinia, of which place it is an in-
habitant, by the name of Worabee: it is the size
of a Canary: the beak is black: the cheeks,
throat, fore-part of the neck, breast, and upper
part of the belly, black: at the back of the neck
arises a collar of black, which unites on the fore-
part: wing-coverts and quills black, with pale
margins : crown of the head, rest of the body, and
lower part of the belly, yellow: tail black, with
greenish yellow edges: legs pale brown: is met
with in flocks, and feeds on the seed of a plant
called nuk.
487
SURINAM FINCH.
(Fringilla Surinama. )
Fr. grisea, remigibus utrinque albis, rectricibus lateralibus intus
albis. |
Grey Finch, with the quills on both sides white, the lateral
tail-feathers white within.
Fringilla Surinama. Lin, Syst. Nat. 1. 317. 2.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 900.—Lath, Ind, Orn. 1. 447. 47.
Surinam Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 276. 41.
Beak yellow: general colour of the plumage
grey; belly lightest: quills black; the primaries
white near the base, the secondaries white at the
base and tips: tail blackish, the first and second
feathers with a white spot on the inside, and the
third, fourth, and sixth, tipped with that colour:
inhabits Surinam : has but a trifling note.
A838
SWAMP FINCH.
( Fringilla iliaca.)
Fr. cinereo-olivacea, pennis apice fuscis, subtus alba, pectore
maculis griseo-fuscis, remigibus fuscis margine rufis, wropygio
caudaque rufis.
Grey-olive Finch, with the tips of the feathers fuscous ; beneath
white; breast spotted with grey brown; quills fuscous with
rufous margins ; rump and tail rufous.
Fringilla iliaca. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 923.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1. —
438. 16.
Swamp Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup. 1I. 206. 2.
Tuis bird, which is known at Hudson’s Bay by
the name of Swamp or Wilderness Sparrow, is a
large species, measuring above seven inches in
length: the beak is yellow: cheeks white: body
greyish olive above; all the feathers with black
tips: beneath white: breast spotted with grey
brown: rump and tail rufous: legs yellow. In-
habits Georgia and Hudson’s Bay.
489.
LAPLAND FINCH.
_ (Fringilla lapponica. )
Fr. capite-nigro, corpore: griseo nigroque, superciltis albis, rectri-
cibus extimis macula alba cunetformi,
Finch with a black head, body black and grey, supercilia white,
and outer tail-feathers with a white wedge-shaped spot.
Fringilla lapponica. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 317. 1.—Lin. Faun.
Suec. 235.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 900.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
440. 18.
Fringilla montana. Bris. 3. 160. 38.
Le grand Montain. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 5.134.
Greater Brambling. Albin. 3. 63.
Lapland Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 259.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
3. 263. 14.
Tue Lapland Finch is larger than the Chaf-
finch, being six inches and a half in length: beak
horn-colour, tipped with black: head blackish,
spotted with reddish white: upper part of the
neck, back, and body, rufous, with brown spots :
behind each eye a white lunulated spot: lesser
wing-coverts pale rufous; middle ones black, with
yellow margins, and white tips, forming a bar of
that colour on the wing: quills black, edged.with
pale yellowish green: throat, fore-part of the
neck, and breast, pale rufous: belly, thighs, and
vent, white: tail black, edged with pale greenish
yellow, and slightly forked: legs black: female
paler than the male. | |
This species is a native of Lapland, and part of
Siberia, and occasionally the fields of the inner
490 WINTER FINCH.
bays of Greenland: it generally breeds in the
northern parts, uniting into flocks: it has very
much the habit of a Lark, running on the ground,
and vibrating in the air like that bird: its nest is
composed of moss and grass, lined with feathers :
the female lays five or six eggs of a brownish slate,
variegated with a duller colour. In the autumn it
is supposed to migrate to America, being found
at Hudson’s Bay, where it is called Tecumashish,
about November, among juniper trees.
WINTER FINCH. ©
(Fringilla hyemalis.)
Fr. fusca nigro nebulosa, subtus alba, collo inferiore pectore
- lateribusque fusco maculatis.
Fuscous Finch, clouded with black; beneath white; the lower
part of the neck, breast, and sides, spotted with fuscous.
Fringilla hyemalis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 922.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 4406. 43.
Winter Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool, 2. 254.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
274. 37.
Turis has the head, neck, and breast, light brown,
variegated with black: front of the neck, breast, ©
and sides, white, sprinkled with a few small
brown spots: wing-coverts and primaries brown,
margined with white: belly plain white. Inha-
bits New York in the winter.
491
CARTHAGENA FINCH.
(Fringilla carthaginiensis. )
Fr. tota cinerea fusco flavoque maculata, rostro pedibusque pallide
fuscis.
Finch entirely cinereous, spotted with brown and yellow; beak
and feet pale fuscous. |
Fringilla carthaginiensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 907.—Lath, Ind.
Orn. 1. 465. 108. .
Carthagena Finch. Lath. Syn, Sup. 169. 99.
Larcer than the Canary Finch: its beak pale
brown: prevailing colour of the plumage ash-
colour, with brown and yellow spots: legs brown-
ish. Found in the woods of Carthagena: said
to live on seeds, and to sing similar to the Chaf-
finch, .
Vv. 1x, Pe Il. 33
492
SNOW FINCH.
(Fringilla nivalis. )
Fr. nigra subtus nivea, remigibus secundarius rectricibusque albis.
Black Finch, beneath snowy white, secondary quills and tail-
feathers white, '
Fringilla nivalis. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 321. 21.—Gmel, Syst. Nat.
1. 911.—Bris. 3. 162. 39. t. 15. f. 1.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 440.
19.
Pingon de neige, ou Niverolle. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ows. 4. 136.
Snow Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 264. 15.
In length seven inches: beak black: head and
hind part of the neck ash-colour : back, scapulars,
and rump, grey brown, with pale margins: under
parts of the body snowy white; wing-coverts the
same; bastard wing, and greater quills, black;
the two secondary quills nearest the body brown,
the rest of them white: thighs pale ash-colour :
upper tail-coverts black; the two middle tail-
feathers the same, the rest white with black tips.
This bird is very abundant in some parts of
France, and is pretty generally diffused over
Europe, but is not an inhabitant of this country:
is likewise found among the Caucassian and Per-
sian mountains, retiring to the plains in the au-
tumn, to avoid the inclemency of the approach-
ing season.
493
WHITE-HEADED FINCH.
( Fringilla leucocephala.)
Fr. fusco-rufa, capite albo, uropygio rubro, fascia pectoris lunu-
laque ante oculos nigris.
Brown-red Finch, with a white head, red rump, band on the
breast, and lunule before the eyes, black.
Fringilla leucocephala. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. xlviti. 1.
White-headed Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup. IT. 210, 12. t. 132.
Tue White-headed Finch has the beak crimson :
the head, neck, and under parts from the breast,
white: the breast and sides being black, the latter
spotted with white: between the beak and eye is
a small lunulated black spot: upper parts of the
back, wings, and tail, reddish brown: lower part
of the back, and rump, crimson: legs pale brown:
the female has the head ash-coloured, and the red-
dish brown colour on the upper parts of the body
paler than the male. Inhabits New Hoiland.
44
GREY-HEADED FINCH.
( Fringilla cana.)
Fr. luteo-fusca subtus lutea, capite gulaque griseis, rectricibus fuscis
lineolis albis.
Luteous-brown Finch, beneath luteous, with the head and
throat grey, the tail-feathers fuscous, with white stripes.
Fringilla cana. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 920.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
443. 30. | 1a
Serinus jamaicensis. Bris. 3.189. 53.
Grey-headed Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 270. 26.
Native of Jamaica: length eight inches : upper
mandible of the beak blueish brown; under man-
dible paler: head grey: upper parts of the neck
and body yellowish brown: under parts yellow,
except the throat, which is grey: wings and tail
dull brown, striped with lines of white: vent white:
legs blueish: claws brown. |
495
CAPSA FINCH.
(Fringilla- capsa.)
Fr. rufo-grisea, facie gulaque alba, alis caudaque nigris, cauda
Sorjicata.
Reddish-grey Finch, with the face and throat white, wings and
tail biack, the latter forked.
Fringilla capsa. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 912.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1,
A440. 20.
Le dattier. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3.487.
Capsa Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 205. 17.
Size of the House Sparrow: beak short and
thick ; the upper mandible black, the under yel-
lowish: fore-part of the head and throat white:
rest of the head and upper parts of the body grey,
inclining to red, especially on the breast: wings
black, reaching two-thirds the length of the tail,
which is also black, and forked: legs yellowish.
Inhabits Abyssinia and Barbary : is common about
_granaries, assembling in flocks: it is said to have a
very fine and agreeable note, much superior to that
of the Canary, or Nightingale, but dies on being
_ transported from its native place: it is also com-
mon about the Date villages.
496
WHITE-CHEEKED FINCH.
(Fringilla neevia. )
Fr. cinerea maculis obscuris, subtus cinerea, genis albis, loris
rupis, striga maxillart nigra.
Cinereous Finch, with obscure spots, beneath cinereous, cheeks
white, lores rufous, with a black stripe near the jaw. :
Fringilla nevia. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.911.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
448, 51. ,
White-cheeked Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 278. 44,
Tue White-cheeked Finch is a native of the
Cape of Good Hope, and is the size of the Com-
mon Sparrow; measuring near six inches in
length: beak, head, and neck, pale cinereous ;
the upper parts of the latter marked with dusky
streaks: sides of the head white, with a reddish
streak passing through the eye, which is bounded
on the under part with black, and joins another
black streak, arising at the base of the under man-
dible: back and wing pale rufous, with dusky
streaks : under parts of the body plain cinereous :
tail dusky : legs black. |
497
ORANGE FINCH.
(Fringilla zena. )
Fr. nigra subtus alba, linea supra infraque oculos candida, pectore
fulvo, gula macula flava.
Black Finch, beneath white, with a white line above and be-
‘neath the eyes, breast fulvous, throat with a yellow spot.
Fringilla zena. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 13,.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 907.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 446. 46.
Fringilla bahamensis.. Briss. 3. 108. 43.
Le Pingon 4 téte noire et blanche. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 140.
Orange Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 144.—Lath, Gen. Syn. 3.
276. 40.
Tue Orange Finch is above six inches in length:
the beak is lead-coloured: the head, front of the
neck, back, and scapulars, are black ; the former
with two streaks of white, one of which is above,
the other beneath the eye: irides pale: throat
with a large yellow spot: hind part of the neck
dull red: breast orange-colour ed: wings brown ;
their coverts with a salhite band: rump and unper
tail-coverts dull red: tail brown: legs the same
as the beak: female with the colours less brilliant :
and with the head and neck cinereous, which co-
lour is very predominant over the whole plumage:
the under parts of the body are palest. Found
in various parts of the West Indies, and South
America.
ee
STRIPED-HEADED FINCH.
(Fringilla striata.)
Fr. fusca nebulosa, subtus genis gulague alba, capite vittis tribus
nigris, fronte lorisque flavis. i
Brown clouded Finch, beneath with the cheeks and throat
white, head with three black vitta, forehead and lores yellow.
Fringilla striata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 923.—Lath. Ind. Orn,
1. 446. 44. a
Striped-headed Finch, Penn, Arct. Zool. 2. 250.—Lath. Gen.
-- Syn. 3. 275. 38.
Beak lead-coloured: lores and forehead yel-
low: head with three black stripes, and one’ be-
hind the eye: sides of the head and chin white,
the latter the clearest: breast blue grey: upper
parts clouded with brown, the shafts of the fea-
thers darkest: wing-coverts plain brown: quills
dusky : belly pale-coloured : tail brown, and slight-
Jy wedge-shaped: legs pale brown: length five
inches and half. Found at New York.
499
WHITE-THROATED FINCH.
(Fringilla pensylvanica. )
Fr. nigricans rufo varia, subtus genisque cinereo-alba, fascia ocu-
lari nigricante, superciliis fulvis, gula alba,
Blackish Finch, varied with rufous ; beneath and cheeks greyish-
‘white, with a blackish stripe near the eyes ; supercilia fulyous ;
throat white. ,
Fringilla pensylvanica. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 445. 36.
Passer pensylvaticus. Bris. App. 77.
Fringilla albicollis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 921.
White-throated Sparrow. Edwards. 304.
White-throated Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2, 248.—Lath. Gen.
Syn. 3, 272. 32.— Lath. Syn. Sup, 160.
In length six inches and a half: beak dusky:
supercilia yellow ; stripe from the jaw to the eyes
dusky : prevailing colour of the plumage above
reddish brown: edge of the wing pale yellow:
throat white: cheeks and under parts of the body
dirty white: irides hazel: legs flesh-colour: the
supposed female wants the white spot on the chin,
and has the yellow stripe on the sides of the head
very obscure. Native of Pensylvania, New York,
and Newfoundland.
500
SAVANNA FINCH.
(Fringilla Savannarum.)
Fr. nebulosa, abdomine albo, jugulo pectoreque fuscescentibus, re-
migibus apice superciliisque luters.
Clouded Finch, with the abdomen white, jugulum and breast
fuscescent, tip of the quills and supercilia luteous.
Fringilla Savannarum. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 921.—Lath. Ind, Orn.
1, 443. 3].
Passer jamaicensis, Bris. 3. 99. 13.
Savanna Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. t. 3. 170.27.
Tue Savanna Finch has the beak brown: super-
cilia yellow: crown of the head and upper parts
of the body dull brown, mixed with white : belly
white: the rest of the under parts pale yellowish
brown: quills the same, with white tips: tail
brown: legs whitish. Inhabits Jamaica.
COWPEN. FINCH.
_ (Fringilla Pecoris.)
Fr. fusca subtus dilutior, cauda subforcipata.
Fuscous Finch, palest beneath, with the tail slightly forked.
Fringilla Pecoris. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.910.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 443. 28.
Fringilla virginiana. Bris. 3. 165. 41.
Le Brunet. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 138.
Cowpen Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 241.—Lath. Gen, Syn. 3.
269. 29.—Lath. Syn, Sup. 165.
Lancer than IF. montifringilla, being near seven
inches in length: beak dusky: prevailing colour
of the plumage brown; with the back, wings, and
tail darkest, and glossed with green and blue:
under parts lightest: legs brown: female deep
brown: breast and belly ash-coloured: chin whitish:
wings and tail dusky, bordered with brown.
This species is a native of Virginia, Carolina,
and New York: it delights to feed in the pens
with cattle, and lays five eggs about June.
202
COLLARED FINCH.
(Fringilla Indica, )
Fr. cinereo-fusca, subtus rufo-alba, capistro jugulo torqueque coll
albis, fascia pectorali alis caudaque nigris.
Cinereous-brown Finch ; beneath rufous white; capistrum, jugu-
lum, and ruff of the neck white, with a band on the breast; the
wings and tail black. :
Fringilla Indica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 928.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
449, 57.
Fringilla torquata indica. Bris. App. 85.
Le Pingon a double collier. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ors. 4. 149.
Collared Finch. Edwards. 272.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 280. 50.
Tus inhabits India: the beak and head are
black: the throat, capistrum, and line round the
eyes white ; forming a collar on the neck; on the
lower part of which, in front, is a Bleek band:
upper parts of the body grey brown, the rump
palest : wing-coverts and secondaries black, edged
with shining rufous: greater quills black: under
parts of the body rufous white : tail and legs grey-
brown.
503
PINE FINCH.
( Fringilla Pinetorum. )
Fr. supra ex rufescente testacea, subtus flaca, fascia pectorala
transversa ferrugined. .
Finch above of a reddish testaceous, beneath yellow, with a
transverse ferruginous band on the breast.
-Fringilla Pinetorum. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 926.—Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 445. 40.
Pine Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup. I]. 207. 5.
Tue Pine Finch is entirely testaceous, with a
rufescent tinge above, and yellow beneath, with a
transverse band of ferruginous on the breast. It is
a native of the pine forests of Siberia.
RUSTY-COLLARED FINCH.
(Fringilla australis.)
Fr, fusca collart ferrugineo.
Brown Finch, with a rust-coloured collar.
Fringilla australis. Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 406. 112.
Rusty-collared Finch. Lath, Syn. Sup. 170. 103.
Tuts species inhabits the island of Terra del
Fuego, and has a rust-coloured collar round the
neck, and the rest of the plumage brown.
504
GRASS FINCH.
(Fringilla graminea.)
Fr. cinereo ferrugineo nigroque varia, subtus alba, pectore lateribus-
que maculatis, genis remigibus rectricibusque fuscis. «
Grey Finch varied with ferruginous and black; beneath white ;
breast and sides spotted; cheeks, quills, and tail-feathers
fuscous. ; ;
Fringilla graminea, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 922.—Lath. Ind, Orn.
1. 445. 38.
Grass Finch. Penn, Arct. Zool. 2. 253.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
273, 34.
Tue Grass Finch has the head, upper part of
the neck, and back, grey ferruginous and black |
mixed: lesser wing-coverts bay-coloured; the
others black, margined with white: lower part
of the neck, and sides, white, streaked: cheeks
brown: belly pure white: primary quills dusky,
edged with white: tail dusky. Inhabits New
York.
FASCIATED FINCH.
(Fringilla fasciata.)
Fr. maculata, supra ferruginea, subtus alba, cauda fusca fasciis
numerosis nigricantibus.
Spotted Finch, above ferruginous, beneath white, tail brown,
with many blackish fasciz.
Fringilla fasciata. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 922.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 445. 37, .
Fasciated Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 252.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
3. 273.33.
Accorpine to Mr. Pennant, this species is a
native of New York, and has the crown, and hind
part of the head, rust-coloured, and spotted with
black: wings ferruginous: primary quills dusky,
margined with dirty white: back similar to the
hind part of the head, but with larger spots:
under parts of the body white, streaked with
black: tail brown, undulated with dusky lines.
506
BONANA FINCH.
(Fringilla Jamaica.)
Fr. grisea, pectore viridi-ceerulescente, remigibus rectricibusque
Nigris.
Grey Finch with the breast green ccerulean, the quills and tail-
feathers black.
Fringilla Jamaica, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 323. 33.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 920.—Bris. 366. 1. 42.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 443. 29.
Le Bonana. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 139.
Bonana Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 269. 25.
Lenetu five inches: beak black: plumage above
dull blue: beneath pale blue, the belly tinged
with yellow: wing-coverts, quills, and tail greenish
blue: legs black: female similar to the male.
Inhabits Jamaica. ;
ULTRAMARINE FINCH.
(Fringilla ultramarina.)
Fr. tota intense cerulea, rostro albo, pedibus rubris.
Finch entirely of a beautiful blue, rostrum white, feet red.
Fringilla ultramarina. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 927.—Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 457. 78.
L’Outre-mer. Buff. Hist, Nat. Ois. 4. 56.
Ultramarine Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 301. 71.
Tuis brilliant little species is a native of Abys-
sinia, and is the size of the Canary: its beak is
white, and legs red: the whole of the plumage is
PURPLE FINCH. 507
of a beautiful ultramarine blue: young bird, and
female, grey: the male obtains his blue colour in
_ the spring of the second year; he has a very fine
song.
PURPLE FINCH.
(Fringilla purpurea, )
Fr. subviolacea, ventre candido, remit entus caudaque a medio
ad apicem fuscis.
_ Subviolet Finch; belly white; the inner part of the quills and
the tail, from the middle to the tip, fuscous.
Fringilla purpurea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 923.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1. 446. 45. |
Pyrrhula Carolinensis violacea. Briss, 3. 324. 8.
Bouvreuil violet de la Caroline. sis Hist. Nat. Ots. 4.395.
Purple Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 3.258.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
275. 39.
Near six inches in length: prevailing colour of
the plumage violet: belly white: inside of the
quills brown: tail slightly forked : female brown,
_ except the breast, which is slightly spotted with
dark brown.
This bird feeds on the berries of the juniper,
and the buds of fruit trees. It is a native of Caro-
lina, but disappears on the approach of winter.
ele, oP. ite 34
&y
)
oa)
BLUE-HEADED FINCH.
(Fringilla cyanea)
Fr. cerulea, linea frontali gula lunulaque dente nigris, remi-
gibus fuscis, cauda migricante, —
Blue Finch, with a line on the forehead, throat and lunule on
the back black; quills-brown ; tail-dusky.
Fringilla cyanomelas. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 924.—Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 464. 102. : :
Demi-fin noir et bleu. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 5. 327.
Blue-headed Finch, Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 319. 92.
Beak brown: head and neck blue: between
the eyes a narrow black line: chin and throat.
black, with a lunulated spot of that colour on
the upper part of the back: wing-coverts, lower
part of the back and rump, breast, belly, and vent,
blue: quills blackish brown, with blueish-green
edges: tail dusky black: legs brown. |
509
BLUE-CROWNED FINCH.
( Fringilla cyanocephala.)
Fr. rubro- -fusca, veriice uropygioque cee subtus flava, nucha
rubra, orbitis albis.
Red-brown Finch, with the crown and rump blue, under ee
yellow, nucha red, orbits white.
‘Fringilla cyanocephala. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. gu. —Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1.464. 104.
Blue-crowned Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 319. 94.
Tuts bird inhabits Senegal : it is seven inches in
length: the beak is dusky: the crown of the head
blue, bounded with red behind: cheeks white:
hind part of the head and back reddish brown:
quills black ; middle and greater coverts margined
with white ; lower part of the back and rump pale
blue: under parts of the body yellow: thighs and
vent white: tail black: legs pale brown.
J10
BLUE-FACED FINCH.
(Fringilla tricolor.)
Fr. nigra, capite uropygioque cyaneis, humeris viridibus, abdomine
fiavescente.
Black Finch, with the head and rump blue, shoulders green, and
abdomen flavescent. ,
Fringilla tricolor. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 323. 34.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat. 1.923.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 464. 101.
Blue-faced Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 318.91.
Tue Blue-faced Finch has the forehead, tem- |
ples, and throat, blue: base of the beak, and back
black: shoulders green: quills black, the pri- —
maries green on the outer edge: under parts of
the body yellowish white: tail black. Inhabits
Surinam.
$14
CUBA FINCH.
(Fringilla Maia.)
Fr. purpurascens, fascia pectoralis saturatiore.
Purplish Finch, with a darker fascia on the breast,
Fringilla Maia. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.323. 35.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
(2. 994.—Briss. 3. 214. 66. t. 7. f. 3.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1.
462.96. ;
Le Maia de la Cuba. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 105. 3.—Buff. Pl.
Enl. 109. f. 2.
Cuba Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 315. 86.
Tuis destructive bird is a native of Cuba: it is
in length near four inches: its beak is grey: the
head, neck, and under parts of the body, are
dusky : the breast with a band of purplish chesnut ;
of which colour are also the back, upper parts of
the body, and tail: quills grey-brown, with ches- -
nut margins: legs lead-coloured: female with the
head, neck, upper parts of the body, quills, and
tail, fulvous: throat purplish chesnut, with a spot
of that colour on each side of the breast; the rest
of the under parts dirty yellowish white: legs and
beak greyish. ;
This species is very destructive to the rice-fields:
it 1s gregarious, and its flesh is considered to be
very good eating.
512
LUNAR FINCH.
(Fringiila torquata.)
Fr, subrubra, uropygio caruleo lunula gulari nigra, remigibus
nigris, ceruleo terminatis, ad apicem macula alba.
Reddish Finch, with the rump cerulean; a lunule on the throat
black; quills black terminated with. weioaih with a tea
spot towards the tip.
Fringilla torquata. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1. 924.—Lath. Ind, Orn:
1. 465. 105. 4
Lunar Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn, 3. 320. 95.
Ss
Tue Lunar Finch has a dusky black beak: the
head, neck, and back, are reddish; the latter
with a brown tinge: throat with a narrow black
crescent, bounded below with yellow: quills black,
with blue ends, and each of them tipped with
white: rump pale blue: tail and legs black. Native
of the East Indies. ©
513
LEPID FINCH.
(Fringilla lepida.)
Fr. fusco-virens , fascia supra-oculart infra-oculart gulaque fulvis
pectore nigro.
Brown-green Finch, with a band above, and another beneath
_ the eyes, and the throat fulvous, breast black. i
Fringilla lepida. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 14.—Gmel. "Us. Nat.
1, 907.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 455. 73.
Lepid Finch. Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 29. 67.—Lath, Syn. Sup, 167.
Tuis bird is about four inches in length: the
beak and eyes are black, with a fulvous stripe
above, and another smaller one beneath the eye:
chin fulvous: breast black: general colour of the
plumage greenish brown: Tegs grey. This bird
has a very weak voice, and is frequently singing :
it is easily tamed, and inhabits the woods about
Havannah, in the island of Cuba.
FIRE FINCH.
(Fringilla ignita.)
Fr, fusco-rubra nitens, rostro remigibus caudaque obscuris.
Brown-red shining Finch, with the beak, quills, and tail dull,
Fringilla ignita. Gmel. Syst. Nat, 1. a6. —Laih. Ind. Orn 1.
464. 100.
Fire Finch. Brown's Illust. Sit Gen, Syn. 3. 318. 90.
Tue Fire Finch is the size of the Lesser Red-
pole: beak dusky yellowish at the base: the prevail-
ing colour of the plumage glossy brownish red ;.
the vent darkest: quills and tail dusky : legs flesh-
colour: female pale reddish brown: forehead, and
between the eyes, crimson: tail reddish, dusky at
the tip. Inhabits Gambia.
plo
SHARP-TAILED FINCH.
(Fringilla caudacuta.)
Fr, fusco rufoque varia, superciliis gula cerviceque rufis, cauda ine
tegra, rectricibus omnibus apice acutis.
Finch varied with fuscous and red, with the supercilia, throat, -
and neck rufous; tail intire, with all the feathers acute at the
tip.
Fringilla caudacuta. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 459. 85.
Sharp-tailed Finch, Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 208. 9.
Axsove four and a half inches in length: beak
pale: irides dark brown: prevailing colour of the
plumage mottled brown and pale rufous; the
margins of the feathers being the latter: throat,
and streak over the eyes, pale rufous: lower part of
the neck dark rufous: feathers of the tail with
acute tips. Found in the inner parts of Georgia,
in North America. |
GREATER REDPOLE FINCH.
(Fringilla cannabina.)
Fr. fusco-castanea, subtus albo-r ufescens, fascia lilly longituali
nali alba, macula verticis pectoreque rubris.
Fuscous-chesnut Finch, beneath white red, with a longitudinal
white fascia on the wings, and a red spot on the crown and
breast.
Fringilla cannabina, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 322. 28.—Lin. Few,
Suec. 240.—Gmel.- Syst. Nat. 1. 916.—Lath. Ind. Orn 1.
458. 82.
Linaria rubro major. Briss. 3. 135. 30.
La grande Linotte des vignes. Buff. Hist. Nat. Gis. 4. (58.—
Buff. Pl. Enl. 485. f 1.
Greater red-headed Linnet, or Redpole. Penn. Brit. Zool. 4,
131. t. 54.—Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 261.—Albin. Birds. 3. t. 72.
73,—Lewin, Brit. Birds. 2. f: 84.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 2.
—Lath. Gen, Syn. 3. 304.—Lath. Syn. Sup. 167.—Bewick.
Brit. Birds. 1. 173.
Fringilla Linota. Gmel. Bi. Nat, 1. 916. —Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 457. 81.
Linaria. Briss, 3. 131. 29.
La Linotte. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 58. t. 1.—Buff. Pl. Eni.
Eole 7, 1.
Common Linnet. Penn. Brit. Zool. 130.—Lewin. Brit. Birds.
2. 83.— Montagu. Brit. Birds. 1.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1.171.
—Lath, Gen, Syn. 3. 302, 73.
Tere appears to be no doubt that the Linnet
and Greater Redpole of Anthors are the same
species, and that the former is the young bird: as
such we shall consider them. The Redpole is sub-
ject to considerable variety with respect to the
ted markings which are found on the head and
GREATER REDPOLE FINCH. 517
breast, at certain seasons, and have been the occa-
sion of its being described as two species: in full
plumage, the male has the beak blueish: irides
hazel: head light brown, the feathers on the
crown darkest in the middle: sides of the neck
inclining to cinereous: the forehead rosy red :
back, scapulars, and wing-coverts deep rufous
brown, lightest on the rump, and palest on the
margin of each feather: breast brown, more or
less spotted like the crown of the head: belly
light rufous brown: vent nearly white: quills
dusky black, with more or less white on their
webs, forming a conspicuous bar of that colour on
the wings: tail forked; the feathers similar to the
quills, black, margined with white, which latter
colour predominates on the inner webs: tail-co-
verts black, with grey edges: legs brown: female
more dusky brown: wing-coverts rufous brown:
sides of the throat dirty white, the middle part
streaked; breast and sides pale brown, with
dusky streaks: quills and tail like the male, but
not so deeply fringed with white. The Linnet of
Anthors differs principally in having the breast of
a deep crimson; which colour disappears after
some time, and never returns; and in wanting the
red spot on the forehead: but in respect to the
latter distinction, Dr. Latham gives it as his opi-
nion, that the red feathers do not appear till the
end of the second year; having observed a male
in which the forehead appeared similar in colour
to the rest of the body, but on lifting up the fea-
thers with a pin,a tinge of red was very perceptible;
518 GREATER REDPOLE FINCH.
and in some specimens that he procured they
were bright crimson beneath. Colonel Montagu
likewise mentions having caught many of both
sexes on their nests, the males of which he found
with a little tinge of red on the breast only, and
from that every intermediate stage to the full red
on the breast and head.
The nest of this species is composed of moss
and bents, mixed with wool, and lined with hair
and wool: its eggs are four or five in number, of
a blueish white colour, sprinkled with purplish
specks and lines: the first brood is hatched in
May, but if the nest is destroyed, is said to make
a fresh one as late as August. These birds fre-
quently fly in flocks during the winter, and feed
on many kinds of seeds, particularly flax: they
seem to be most partial to furzy commons, where
they generally build their nests : their song is very ~
beautiful, and finely varied ; .they easily adopt that —
of other birds, when confined with them, and will
often learn to pronounce words with great clear-
ness: their manners are very gentle. Are common
throughout Europe, and are sometimes found in
North America: they chiefly breed in the north-
ern parts of England, upon the mountains.
)
wy)
7
aA ,
d; “/) i
yy)
: Jiggs
LESSER REDPOLE FINCH.
\
h
5TF
LESSER REDPOLE FINCH.
(Fringilla Linaria.)
Fr. fusco griseogue varia, subtus albo rufescens, fascia alarum
duplici albida, vertice pectoreque rubris.
Finch varied with fuscous and grey; beneath Meagich white,
with a double white band on the wings; crown and breast
red, ‘
Fringilla Linaria. Lin, Syst. 1. 322. 29.—Lin. Faun. Suec, 241.
—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 917.—Lath. Ind. Orn, 1. 458. 83.
Linaria rubra minor. Briss. 3. 138. 31.
Le Sizerin, petite linotte des vignes. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.
16: Buff. Pk: Enl. 151 By. 2.
Lesser red-headed Linnet, or Redpole. Penn. Brit. Zool. 132.
54.—Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 262.— Albin. Birds. 3, 75.— Lewin.
Brit. Birds. 2. 85.—Mont. Brit. Birds. 2.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3,
305. 75.—Lath, Syn. Sup. 167.—Bewick. Brit. Birds. 1. 174.
—Don. Brit. Birds. 5.114. ©
e
In length five inches: beak inclining to dull
yellow : irides hazel: forehead purplish red; the
feathers of all the other parts above are analy,
edged with rufous brown: chin black: throat
and breast pink: sides streaked with dusky: belly
white: quills and tail dusky, margined with pale
brown: in some the rump is tinged with blossom-
colour: legs dusky: female lighter in colour;
with the head yellowish, and the throat and breast. —
without the pink hue: the young bird very much
resembles the female: the males are subject to
very great variety.
This species is very common in the winter, in
the southern parts of England, when it becomes
620 LESSER REDPOLE FINCH.
gregarious, and numbers are taken near London,
where it is often called the Stone Redpole. It is
said to breed in the northern parts of this country,
and to construct its nest of bents and moss, put
together, and lined with willow down: it lays four
or five eggs, which are of a blueish green colour,
sprinkled with reddish spots, but most so at the
larger end: according to Mr. Pennant, the female
is so tenacious of her nest, as to suffer him to take
her off with his hand, and even after she was
released she would not forsake it. It is said by
Linneeus and others to be very partial to the seeds
of the alder, and that it associates with the Siskin,
and frequents alder woods, for the sake of picking
the catkins; during which time it hangs like tk
Titmouse with its back downwards, and is so in-
tent on its work, that dozens may be taken, by
means of a twig ficroned at the end of a long pole,
and smeared with birdlime.
It appears to be very abundant over the whole
of the northern parts of the globe, being found in
Kurope, Asia, and North America.
521
TWITE FINCH.
(Fringilla montium.)
Fr. supra varia, subtus rufescens, abdomine albido, superciliis
fasciaque alarum rufescentibus, vertice uropygioque rubrise
Finch above varied; beneath rufescent, with the abdomen
~ white; supercilia and band on the wings PURESCERE, top of
the head and rump red.
Fringilla Linaria. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1, 459. 83. 8.
Linaria minima, Briss. 3. 142. 32.
Le Cabaret. Buff: Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 76.—Buf-Pl. Enl. 485,
J: 2.
Twite. Albin. 3. 74.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 307. B.
Mountain Linnet. Penn. Brit. Zool. 133. 53.—Penn. Arct. Zool.
2. 380. u.—Lewin. Brit. Birds, 2. 86.
B. nigro nufescentegue varia, subtus albida, pennis tn collo infer
riore medio nigris, fascia alarum alba, uropygio rubro.
Varied with black and reddish ; beneath whitish ; the feathers of
the lower part of the neck black in the middle ; "OES with
white fascia; rump red.
Fringilla montium. Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 917.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1,459. 84.
Linaria montana, _ Briss. 3. 145. 33.
La Linotte de Montagne. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 74.
Mountain Linnet, Will. Angl, 261.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 307.
76. A.
Tue Twite is rather larger than the Greater
Redpole, being about six inches in length: the
beak is yellowish, with a brown tip: irides hazel:
top of the head and rump red: between the beak
and eye, and on the chin, 2 brown spot: streak
above the eyes rufous: upper parts of the body
dusky black, with rufous edges; under parts ru-
5Q2 TWITE FINCH.
fous white, with the throat marked with blackish
spots: belly white: legs brown or black. Like the
Redpole, this bird is subject to great variety in
respect to the red markings; the breast being
found of that colour as well as the head and rump.
The Mountain Linnet is a variety of this species,
‘differing in being rather larger, and in having the
beak pale: the head dusky, edged with cinereous,
and no traces of crimson on it: the throat and
breast blackish, with pale edges: wings and tail
dusky: tips of the greater coverts and secondaries
whitish: legs pale brown: females of both varie-
ties without the red on the rump.
Twites are observed in the flight season near
London, with other Linnets, and are taken together
by the bird-catchers: they breed in the northern
parts of England, and their nest is composed of
moss and roots of plants mixed with heath, and
lined with finer heath and fibrous roots: their eggs
are the size of the Linnet’s, of a blueish white,
faintly spotted with purplish red at the larger-end.
It is very probable that this species received its
name from its twittering unmusical note, which
the bird-catchers are so well acquainted with that
they can tell whether there be any Twites among
a flock of Linnets, merely from this circumstance.
It is a native of many parts of Europe.
523
ARCTIC FINCH.
(Fringilla flavirostris.)
Fr. fusca: rostro-fluvicante, pennis pectoris apice roseis, cauda
subforcipata.
Fuscous Finch, with a yellowish beak; feathers of the breast
tipped with rose-colour ; tail slightly forked.
Fringilla flavirostris. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 322. 27.—Lin. Faun.
Suec. 239.—Gmel. Soe Nat. 1. 915.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1.
438. 16.
Fringilla fusca. Bris. 3. 154. B.
Le Pincon brun. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 121.
Arctic Finch. Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 379. A.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
os 260, 12.
Or this species the male is entirely of an ob-
scure sooty colour; paler beneath: the feathers
on the breast frequently having the tips varied
with a garnet colour: quills and tail dusky, edged
with grey; the latter forked: legs black: female
brown, in other respects similar to the male: beak
in both sexes yellow, with a browntip. This bird
inhabits Norway and the north-east of Siberia,
and is generally seen about barns.
Wi-TX. Ps ti. r 86
524
CHINESE FINCH.
(Fringilla sinica.) —
Fr. rufo olwacea, subtus testacea, remigibus rectricibusque nigris
basi luteis. |
Rufous-olive Finch, beneath testaceous ; quills and tail-feathers
black; luteous at the base.
Fringilla sinica. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 321. 20.—Gimel, Syst. Nat.
- 1..910.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 447. 49. 7
L’Olivette. Buff. Hist. Nat. O1s. 4. 144. yy ite
Pingon dela Chine. Buff. Pl. Enl, 157. f- 3.
Chinese Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 277. 43.
Lencru five inches: beak yellowish; the base
of it, throat, and fore-part of the neck olive-green:
upper parts of the body olive-brown, with the
lesser wing-coverts, back, and rump, tinged with
rufous: the greater wing-coverts black: quills
half yellow, half black, with whitish tips: under
parts of the body rufous, with a yellow tinge on
the belly: tail black, yellowish at the base, the
most outward feather with the greatest proportion
of yellow: legs yellowish: female not so brilliant
—incolour. Inhabits China. tg E
WHITE-BREASTED FINCH.
(Fringilla melanoleuca. )
Fr. nigra, fascia pectoris alba. .
Black Finch, with a white band on the breast.
Fringilla melanoleuca. . Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 910.—Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 442, 27. | AL
Moineau de Java. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. 486.—Buff. Pl. Enl.
224, f: 2. al
White-breasted Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 268. 23.
Tue whole of the white-breasted Finch.is of a .
black colour, except the breast, which has an irre-
gular white bar running across it: beak and legs
pale brown: length about four and a half inches.
Native of Java. dni an
~ 526
BLACK AND ORANGE FINCH.
(Fringilla melanictera.)
Fr. nigra, abdomine albo maculato, alis cauingeg Serrugineo
marginatis.
Black Finch, with the abdomen spotted with white wings and
tail margined with ferruginous.
Fringilla melanictera. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 910. —Lath. Ind.
Orn. 1. 442. 26.
Moineau de Macao. © Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 3. ieee PL
Ent. 224. f. 1:
Black and Orange Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 268. 22.
Tue black arid orange- -coloured Finch is four
inches and a half in length: the beak is "pale
brown: prevailing colour of the plumage deep
black, with the margins of the wings and tail
orange-coloured : belly spotted with white: legs
pale brown. Native of Macao.
527
VARIEGATED FINCH.
(Fringilla variegata.)
Fr, rubro flavo ceruleo alboque variegata, pectore lutescente
nebuloso, rectricibus apice margine albo.
Finch variegated with red, yellow, czrulean, and white ; breast
clouded with lutescent; quill-feathers margined with white.
Fringilla variegata. _Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1.911.—Lath. Ind. Orn,
1. 448. 55. |
Fringilla varie nove Hispaniz. Bris. 3. i78. 49.
Le Touite. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4, 146.
Variegated Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 279. 48.
Size of the Chaffinch: length near six inches:
beak yellowish: head pale red and purple mixed:
body most beautifully variegated with red, yellow,
blue, and white: quills and tail the same, the
latter margined with white at the tip: the breast
pale yellow, shaded with darker: legs red. Na-
tive of New Spain.
528
FOREST FINCH.
(F ringilla sylvatica. )
Fr. capite fasciato, corpore supra grisea rcarcibi varto, Beene
atgue sino abdomine canis.
Finch with a striped head; body above varied seule grey and
black; breast and lower part of the abdomen hoary.
Fringilla sylvatica. | -Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 926.—Lath. Ind. Orn
1. 440. 41.
Forest Finch. Lath, oe Sup. I. 207. 6.
Tais bind 4 Aan at the same places as the
Pine Finch, and is about the same size as it: its
head is fasciated, and the breast and lower part
of the abdomen are hoary: the body is variegated
with grey and black.
529
CINEREOUS FINCH.
(Fringilla cinerea.)
Fr. fusca ferrugineo marginata, capite lateribus lineis duabus
gulaque griseis, jugulo grisescente, abdomine medio albo.
Brown Finch. margined with ferruginous; throat and two lines
on the sides of the head grey; jugulum greyish; middle of
the abdomen white.
Fringilla cinerea. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 922.—Lath. Ind. Orn.
1. 445. 30.
Cinereous Finch. Penn, Arct. Zool, 2. 260.—Lath. Gen. Syn.
. 3.994, 35.
Native of Aoonalashka: beak dusky; upper
mandible with a light grey line, and another on
the cheeks beneath, which latter is bordered with
dusky: rest of the head dark cinereous brown,
margined with dull ferruginous: throat light
grey: under side of the neck pale cinereous:
upper parts of the body grey brown, edged with
lighter brown: legs dusky.
CRESCENT FINCH.
(Fringilla arcuata.)
Fr. castanea, subtus alba, capite colloque inferiore nigris, torque
taniaque pone oculos albis.
Chesnut Finch, beneath white; head and lower part ssi the neck
black; with a white mark behind the eyes.
Fringilla arcuata. Gmel. Syst. Nat, 1. “ae —Lath. Ind. Orn.
J. 441, ihe,”
Passer Capitis Bonz Spei. Bris. 3. 104. 16.¢.5.f£ 3. °
Le Croissant. Buff. Hist. Nat. Otis. 3. 501.
Moineau du Cap de Bonne Esperance. Buff. Pl. Enl.230.f. 8.
Crescent Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 266. 18.
Tue Crescent Finch is about six inches in
length: beak black: head black, with a crescent-
shaped streak of white beginning at the eye, and
passing down on each side of the neck, increasing
in breadth till it meets in front, where it is broadest:
upper part of the neck black; hinder part pale
brown: back, scapulars, and lesser wing-coverts,
chesnut: middle coverts black, with white tips:
greater ones and quills brown, bordered with
grey: tail dark brown; legs the same. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope.
531
BLACK-HEADED FINCH.
(Fringilla melanocephala.)
Fr. ferrugineo-fusca, capite jugulo etme fosegiue nigris, cerrice ab-
domineque albis, rostro rubro.
Ferruginous-brown Finch, with the head, jugulum, and quills
black ; neck and abdomen white; beak red.
Fringilla melanocephala. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 911.—Lath. Ind.
Orit Wij448:52.
Black-headed Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 278. 45.
Descrisep on the authority of Dr. Latham,
who informs us it is a native of China, and that
it is in length four inches: the-beak red: back,
wings, and tail, ferruginous brown: head and
fore-parts of the neck black: sides of the neck,
and sides under the wings, a little streaked with
black: hind part of the neck and belly white:
quills black : legs lead-coloured.
532
BROWN FINCH.
(Fringilla fusca.)
Fr. fusca marginibus pennarum nigricantibus, subtus fusco-alba.
Brown Finch, with the borders of the feathers blackish, beneath
- brownish white. | ee
Fringilla fusca, Gel. Syst. Nat. 1. 911.—Lath. Ind, Orn. 1.
448. 53. : 3 :
Brown Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.278. 46.
Sap by Dr. Latham to inhabit China, with the
preceding : it is rather larger than a Wren: beak
dusky: upper parts of the plumage brown; the
feathers with dark-brown edges: under parts
brownish white: legs dusky. shed
533
ai TEMPORAL FINCH.
(Fringilla temporalis. )
Fr. fusca subtus alba, vertice cerulescente, genis uropygioque coce
- eels.
Fuscous Finch, beneath wliite: with the crown blueish, cheeks
- and rump scarlet.
Fringilla temporalis. Lath. Syn. Sup. I, xlvii, 4.
rom Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup, II, 211. 15.
Tux erporal Finch is a native of New Hol-
land; andhas the beak reddish brown: crown of
the head blue grey: from the beak arises a dull
streak of a crimson colour, which getting broader
at the back, forms a patch on the cheeks: upper
parts of the body, wings, and tail, pale brown:
under parts white: rump crimson: legs reddish
brown. |
534
BROWN-THROATED FINCH. -
( Fringilla fuscicollis.)
Fr. ferruginea, vertice uropygio crissoque viridibus, gula fusca
macula subrubra, macula remigium rectricibusque dimidiato-
fiavis.
Ferruginous Finch, with the crown, rump, and vent green; throat
brown, with a subrufous spot; and with a “ge on the _—
and half the tail yellow.
Fringilla fuscicollis,. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 906. a Ind. Orn.
1, 463. 99.
Brown-throated Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 318. 89.
Descrisep as having the beak red: crown of
the head green; from the eyes to the hind head
a white line: inode pale brown, with a cinereous
patch on the lower part, beneath which is an-
other of pale red: back rust-coloured: wings
dusky, with a yellow spot on the lower part of the
quills: rump and vent green: tail half yellow,
half black: legs yellow. Inhabits China.
TRIPOLINE FINCH,
(Fringilla syriaca.)
Fr. fusco nigricante flavoque varia, subtus albida maculis obscuris,
vertice rubro. ,
Finch varied with fuscous, blackish, and yellow ; beneath whitish
with obscure spots ; crown red.
Fringilla syriaca. Gel, Syst. Nat. 1.927.—Lath, Ind. Orn. 1.
457. 80.
L’Habesch de Syrie. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 57.
Tripoline Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn, 3.301. 72. 8
#
Larcer than the Linnet: beak lead-coloured :
crown of the head bright red: cheeks, throat, and
fore-part of the neck blackish, variegated with —
brown: remaining part of the neck, breast, upper
parts of the body, and smaller wing-coverts brown,
dusky, and yellow mixed: greater wing-coverts
deep cinereous, bordered with paler: belly and
vent dirty white, variegated with obscure dusky
and yellowish spots: quills and tail cinereous,
with orange margins: legs the same as the beak.
Native of ‘Tripoli: sings very prettily.
536
NITID FINCH: -
(Fringilla nitida. )
Fr. cinerascens subtus albida, remigibus ferrugineo faccregenes,
superciliis nigris. Hi
Cinerascent Finch, beneath white; quills silanes yellow ;
supercilia black. :
Fringilla nitida. . Lath. Syn. Sup. II. alviiz. 3.
Nitid Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup, I1. 211. 14.
Size of the Common Sparrow: beak dull red:
on the eyes a band of black passing down on. the
ears as abroad patch: upper part of the plumage
pale cinereous: quills dull ferrugineous yellow:
sides of the body inclining to yellow: under parts
white: legs yellow. Native of New Holland.
537
GEORGIAN FINCH.
' (Fringilla Georgiana.)
Fr. fusca subtus albida,. tectricibus alarum minoribus toto, remigi-
bus rectricibusque extus rufis, gula juguloque murinis, striga sub-
maxillart divaricata nigra. , 7
Fuscous Finch, beneath whitish; with the whole of the lesser
wing-coverts, quills, and tail-feathers externally rufous ; throat
and jugulum mouse-coloured, and with a divaricating black
stria beneath the jaw. .
Fringilla Georgiana, Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 460. 86,
Georgian Finch. Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 209. 10.
- Innasrts Georgia: beak dusky: irides and »
head brown: chin and throat grey: beneath the
jaw a blueish divaricating streak: middle of the
back dusky brown: lesser wing-coverts rufous ;
quills and tail-feathers rufous on the outer edges :
under parts of the body white: legs brown: length
about six inches.
538
STRASBURGH FINCH.
(Fringilla argentoratensis.) —
Fr. fusca, subtus rufa fusco maculata, abdomine.tnfimo albido..
Fuscous Finch, beneath rufous, spotted with fuscous; ohare
beneath whitish.
Fringilla argentoratensis. Gmel, Syst. Nat. 1.918.— Lath. Sai
Orn. 1. 460. 87. pe
Linaria argentoratensis. Briss. 3. 146.34.
Le Gyntel de Strasbourg. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.73.
Strasburgh Finch, Lath, Gen. Syn. 3. 308. 77.
Tue Strasburgh Finch is the size of the common
Redpole : the head and upper parts of the body
are brown: the chin, neck; breast, and sides
rufous, spotted with brown: the belly and vent
are whitish: quills and tail brown: legs reddish.
Found in the neighbourhood of Strasburgh, where
it goes by the name of the Grateleg
539
ANGOLA FINCH.
(Fringilla angolensis.)
Fr. fussco-cinerea, fusco maculata, subtus spadicea, capistro gulaque
nigris, genis guttureque albo maculatis, uropygto luteo.
Brown-ash Finch, spotted with fuscous ; beneath chesnut; capis- -
trum and throat black, the latter and cheeks spotted with
white; rump yellow.
Fringilla angolensis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 918.—Lath, Ind. Orn.
1, 460. 88. A
Linaria angolensis. Briss. Sup. 81.
Vengoline. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 80.
Linnet from Angola. Edwards. 129.
Angola Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 309. 78.
Size of a Linnet: beak brown; the feathers at
the base black: the upper parts of the head, neck,
and breast, dusky-ash, with the shafts of the fea-
thers darker: cheeks, and sides of the throat,
white: greater wing-coverts and quills brown,
with yellow margins: under parts of the body
dull orange: rump and upper tail-coverts bright
yellow : tail brown, with grey edges: legs flesh-
colour. Edwards describes the female as having
the upper parts of the body rufous brown; the
shafts of the feathers darkest: sides of the head
pale rufous: near the base of the beak a brown
streak, which passes towards the hinder part of the
head: from the breast to the belly pale rufous,
with brown spots: the rest of the plumage similar
to the male: it is probably only a variety of
the male, as he says it sings remarkably well,
V. IX. P. Il. 36
540 DUSKY FINCH.
which is not often the case with female birds:
the male, according to Mr. Edwards, is called Ne-
gral, or Tobaque, and the female, Benguelinba, in ~
Angola, where they are natives.
DUSKY FINCH. pi cing
~ (Fringilla obscura.)
Fr. fusco-nigricans, pectore uropygiogue cinerascentibus, pennts apice
dilutioribus.
Fuscous-black Finch, with the breast and rump cinerascent, the
tips of the feathers palest.
‘Fringilla atra. Gmel. ee Nat. 1. 918. —Lath. Ind, Orn. 1.
- 460. 89.
La Linotte brune. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois: 4, 84.
Dusky Finch. © Edwards. 270.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 310. 79.
~Sarp by Edwards to inhabit Angola: it is in
length four inches: the beak is cinereous: the
prevailing colour of the plumage dusky brown ;
inclining to cinereous on the breast and: rump:
tips of all the feathers lightest: legs dusky.
541
BLUE-BELLIED FINCH.
(Fringilla benghalus.)
Fr. dilute cerulea, capite dorsoque griseis, luteribus capitis purpureis.
Pale cerulean Finch; head and back grey; the sides of the
head purple. | mite é
Fringilla benghalus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 323. 32. male.—Gmel.
Syst. Nat. 1.920.—Lath, Ind. Orn, 1.461. 91.
Fringilla angolensis, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 323.31. female.
Bengalus. Briss. 3, 203. 60. ¢. 10. f. 1.
Le Bengali. Buff: Hist. Nat, Ois. 4. 92.—Buff. Pl. Enl. 115.
FN .
Blue-bellied Finch. Edwards, 131. female.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.
310. 81.
LeneruH near five inches: beak whitish : irides
hazel: head, and upper parts of the body, grey ;
on each side of the former, behind the eyes, a
lunulated purplish red spot: quills brown, with
grey edges: lower part of the back and rump,
and all the under parts of the body, blue; tail the
same, but paler: legs whitish: female without the
reddish spot on the sides of the head. ‘This species
is liable to a few slight variations, which are scarcely
worth description, as the above will ape os to all.
_ Native of Africa.
D4Z
AMADUVADE FINCH:
( Fringilla amandava. )
Fr. fusca rufescenteque albo-punctata, rectricibus nigris apice puncte
albo.
Brown Finch spotted with rufescent and white, with the tail-
feathers black, spotted with white at the tip,
Fringilla amandava. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 319. 10.—G mel. Syst.
Nat. 1. 905.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 461. 92.
Bengalus punctulatus. Briss.3. 206. 62. ¢. 10. f. 4.
Le Bengali piqueté.. Buff? Hist. Nat. Ors. 4. 96. t. 2. f2 1.—
Buf, PU En. 115. f.30. i
Amaduvade Finch. Albin. Birds.-3.77.—Edwards. 355. f. %.-
—J.ath. Gen. Syn. 3. 311. 82.— Lath. Syn. Sup. 168.
Tus little species is the size of a Wren: beak
dull red: upper parts of the body brown, with a
red tinge: the feathers of the upper wing-coverts,
breast, and sides, tipped with white; quills grey
brown: under parts of the body, the belly ex-
cepted, which is dark, pale brown: tail black: legs
yellowish white: female resembles the male, in
every respect, but in having the throat, and fore-
part of the neck, variegated with white, and the
belly of a pale yellow. Inhabits various parts of
Asia. , |
SENEGAL FINCH.
(Fringilla senegala.)
Fr. fusco-ferruginea, ‘vertice subtusque rufa, rostro rubro nigro
striata.
Brown ferruginous Finch, with the crown and under parts ru-
fous; beak red, striated with black.
Fringilla senegali. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 320. 18.—Gmel. Syst.
Nat.1. 909.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 461. 93.
Senegalis ruber. Briss. 3. 208. 63. ¢. 10..f. 2.
Le senegali rouge. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4. 99.— Buff. Pl. Enl.
157s, 1
Senegal Finch. Lath, Gen. se . 312. 83.
THERE is great probability that this species may
be only a variety of the preceding, as some of the
varieties, described by Buffon and other writers,
approach so close to it as to make the line of dis-
tinction almost imperceptible: its general appear-
ance is as under: the beak reddish, margined with
brown, with a streak of the latter colour beneath
the under mandible, and a slight one on the ridge
of the upper: the top of the head, throat, fore-
part and sides of the neck, breast, upper part of
the belly, sides, rump, and upper tail-coverts,
reddish: lower parts of the belly, thighs, and -
under tail-coverts, brownish green: the rest of the
body brown: tail black.
This species is a native of Suteeal it feeds on
millet; which has suggested to the natives a mode
of catching it very successfully, without injury
to the bird: when they wish to catch any, they
54 SULTRY FINCH.
fasten a large hollowed gourd on a stick, with the
bottom upwards, and a string is attached which
leads to some sheltered spot where the operator
may observe the motions of the bird, and to which |
he retires after having strewed some millet be-
neath the gourd; when the birds arrive in num-
bers to feed on it, and the stick being pulled,
entraps them: they are very familiar, and both
sexes are said to sing tolerably well.
SULTRY FINCH. |
(Fringilla calida.)
Fr. fusca-rufa, corpore supra strits longitudinalibus nigris, pedt-
bus pallidis. '
Fuscous-red Finch, with the body above longitudinally striated
with black, feet pale. |
Fringilla calida. Lath. Syn. Sup. I. xlvii. 2.
Sultry Finch, Lath. Syn. Sup. II. 210. 13.
Native of the Mahrattas: length five inches
and a half: beak dusky: upper parts of the body
pale rufous brown: the middle of each feather
dusky black, especially on the top of the head:
under parts plain brown: legs pale yellow. |
O45
CAPE FINCH.
( Fringilla Alario. )
Fr. capite collo pectoreque atris, corpore castaneo subtus albo,
rectricibus quatuor lateralibus lineola nigra.
Finch with the head, neck, and breast dark-coloured; body
chesnut, beneath white; the four lateral tail-feathers with a
black mark,
Fringilla Alario. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1.319. 9.—Gmel. Syst. Nat.
1. 905.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 462. 95.
Passerculis Capitis Bonz Spei. Bris. 3. 106.17. t. 5. fi 2.
Cape of Good Hope Sparrow. Albin. Birds. 3. 67.
Cape Finch. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3, 315. 85.
Tus inhabits the Cape of Good Hope, and is
rather larger than the House Finch: beak pale
cinereous: head and neck black, the colour end-
ing in a point towards the breast, which, with
the under parts of the body, is white: upper parts
chesnut: quills blackish; inner part of the lesser
ones, under the wings, and the tail, chesnut; the
four outer feathers of the latter with a longitu-
dinal dusky spot at the tip: thighs rufous: legs
brown.
BRASILIAN FINCH.
(Fringilla granatina.)
Fr. corpore rufescente, rostro rubro, temporibus uropygio abdo-
mineque violaceis, cauda cunetformt.
Finch with a rufescent body; red beak ; chinplens rump, and
abdomen, violet; tail wedge-shaped. at)
Fringilla granatina. Lin. Syst. Nat. 1. 319.11.—Gmel, Syst.
Nat. 1. 906.—Briss, 3. 216. 67. t. 9. fZ geen Ind. Orn.
1. 463. 97.
Le Granadin. Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 4.169.¢. 7. ft 1— Buf, Pu.
Enl. 109. f. 3.
Brasilian Finch. Edwards, 191.—Lath. ia) Syn. 3.316. 97.
Tuts beautiful Finch is in length near five
inches: its beak is of a fine red, with the base
above blue: sides of the head blossom-coloured
violet: irides dark-coloured: eyelids scarlet: back,
guills, and scapulars- brownish: the rest of the head
and body, (the throat, lower part of the belly and
thighs, which are black, excepted, ) chesnut : rump
blue: tail black: legs grey: varies in having a spot
of brown between the beak and eye, and the hinder
parts of the body, above and below, violet; there
are other slight varieties described: female with
the top of the head, throat, and under parts fulvous,
the latter palest : beneath the eyes a slight purplish
tinge: the lower part of the belly and vent whitish:
back grey brown: the rest similar to the male,
but duller. Native of Brazil, and is often kept in
confinement for its song.
SAT
LONG-TAILED FINCH.
(Fringilla macroura.) -
Fr, cauda elongata cuneiformi, corpore fusco nigricante maculato,
subtus cinerascente, rectricibus duabus intermediis marginibus-
que lateralium virescentibus.
Finch with an elongated cuneiform tail; body fuscous, spotted ‘
with dusky, beneath cinerascent; the two intermediate tail-
feathers, and the margins of the lateral ones, greenish.
Fringilla macroura. Gmel. Syst. Nat .1.918.—Lath. Ind. Orn,
1. 460. 90.
Long-tailed Finch. fissiy Gen. Syn. 3. 310. 80.
Tus bird is the size of the Redpole, but its long
tail makes it appear much larger, the whole bird
measuring above seven and a half inches in length:
the upper parts of its plumage are fuscous, with »
dusky spots; the feathers being darkest in the
middle: quills brown, with Geen margins :
under parts of the body pale ash-colour: tail
wedge-shaped, and very long, with the two middle
feathers narrow, and sharp at their tips: legs and
beak brown. Inhabits Cayenne.
END OF THE NINTH VOLUME.
T. Davison, Lombard-street,
Whitefriars, London.
ELIE RES EE ROT OE EE I a ES
IND EX
TO
*VOL:.1X PART I.
ABERDEVINE , p.A6y || Bunting, barred-tail_p. 371
black, Lath? ~~ 367
Bengalus. Briss. ‘Se5Ad black-crowned 364
punctulatus. 542 black-faced . 256
——— black-headed . 365
Brambling, greater. black-throated 379
blue 3 - 408
blue-faced - 400
Albin... d - 489
Bullfinch, China . . 401 || ——— Bourbon - 416
greatest. Brasilian . 386
Edwards . : - 238 brumal . « - 387
little brown . 306 - Cape : 372
Chinese . . 368
Bunting ‘ ; » 840 cinereous .~ 402
Amazonian . 883 — Cirl : . 356
Angola , ~ A225
Aoonalaschka . 396
coloured . gers) 3/5)
common . - 360
_ Baden . - 378 || ———— crimson . sn AD
Vik. P. OT, b
V1
INDEX.
Bunting, crimson-belli-
ed
Dauurian
Dominican
dwarf.
——-—— familiar
foolish .
green
grey
Guar
—-—- Indigo
Lesbian
long-tailed
Lorraine
——e LOUISIANE
Maelby .
Mexican
military .
mountain
—a——— mustachoe
olive
ed . F £
Ortolan
painted
Panayan
passerine
Pine ;
Plata
Psittaceous
reed :
red-eyed
red-rumped
—— rice
——— ruddy
——— rustic
rusty
. 364
orange-shoulder-
p-. 413
382
423
384
355
409
A17
383
A407
370
419
369
366
399
305
49302
346
376
377
422
349
403
A421
359
398
411
A24
302
» AlS
A05
388
381
390
381
mem INGICE if <
Bunting, Sandwich _p. 397
— shaft-tailed . 426
Snow : . d4l
Surinam - 400
————. tawny 344
Towhe . 414
varied - 410
variegated 420
Unalashka . 396
Weaver . 373
——. Whidal, ;. A418
white-crowned 392
—_—— witite - 3067
= wreathed 303
——— yellow . 351
——— yellow-bellied 374
ees. yellew-breasted 402
——— yellow-browed 391
——-— yellow-faced 354
|— yellow-winged 353
Cardinal, Dominican 279
Cardinalis angolensts 263
Capitis Bone
Sper : . - 240
a LOMINIEAIS 276
: Madagascarien-
SIs - : 244
Carduelis americana. —
Briss. 464
, Sueciea . 457
viridis A463
Chloris bahamensis . 481
477
INDEX. Vil
Chloris indica minor pp. 409 || Crucrrostra leucop-
javensis . - 406 tera ‘ p. 233
vulgaris 231
—— ludoviciana, Papa 401
Cirlus stultus . - 355 || Cynchramus, Brisson . 360
Coccothraustes americana EMBERIZA : . 340
cerulea . “ - 253 || ———— alba, Ray . 360
angolensis ———— amazona . 383
cyanea. : - 250 || —————~ americana . | 379
borbonica 329 || —————angolensis- . 425
——— $$ canadensis 238 Aoonalaschken-
Capitis Bo- sis. ; ; . 306
ne Spei . : «e848 arctica . 307
cayanensis 269 || —— asiatica «2-083
a Gambensis 290 || ————— atricapilla . 364
—_—_—_—-——- javensis 332 || ————— aureola - 402
——_—_————_ arvensis ne- badensis . 378
via E : . 330 || —————borbonica . 416
— Indica . 247 || ———— brasiliensis . 386
————_$_$§_-- ludoviciana ———— brumalis ~, 287
PAR Tg << 898 Calter: 22405
lutea Capi- ———— canadensis . A401
tis Bone Sper ay A canadensis ceru-
moluccen- lea , s : - 408
Sus . ; . 331 || ————— capensis . 372
me SENSIS «= 333: || —— capensis, Lath. 374
sinensis Cie ——=——— chrysophrys 391
nerea ~ * »« 316 |} — chrysoptera 353
Virginia- ed Cidin « «B55
na seule » 248 |} —— cinerea - 402
3 wee Ciris . 403
Crossbill : 2 229 |] mere Cirlus . , 856
common , » 231 |} —— citrinella . 351
white-winged . 233 || —-——~ coccinea . 413
| — cerulea - 408—
CRUCIROSTRA 2 229 th —mme cyanea ein
Vill
INDEX.
EMBERIZA cyanopsis p. 406 || EmBeriza platensis — p, 4
dominicensis, pratensis
Briss, j 377 principalis
——--— erythropthalma414 provincialis .
——-—— familiaris 384 | psittacea
— fasciata 371 pusilla
— ferruginea 381 quadricolor .
— flava . 351 || ———— Quelea i
— flaveola 354 || ————— regia .
— flaviventris 374 — rubra ..
— fucata . 385 rustica ,
— glacialis 344 ruticapilla. ~
— grisea . 417 Gmel.
Hortulana 349 rutila . 5
— hyemalis 367 sandvichensts.
— leucophrys 392 Gmel. . ° :
———— lesbia . 370 | —— Scheeniclus .
— longicauda 422 sepiaria
———— lotharingica 369 | —— serena :
— luctuosa 393 sinensis ‘
———— ludovicia 366 spodocephala
= maelbiensis . 399 surinamensis
melanocephala 365 surinamensis,
mexicana 305 BY1SSe* :
miliaria 360 Textrix :
militaris 393 vidua . :
mixta . 410 || —— viridis
montana 346 wnalashcensis.
mustelina 344. Gmel,
nivalis 341
olivacea 377 || Finch ; :
Oriz. Linne. 240 Amaduvade :
oryzivora 388 | ——- American, gold .
paradisea 418 Angola. °
passerina 359 || ——arctic :
panayensis . 421 autumnal ..
———— pithyornus . 398 || —— Bahama
Finch, bearded
beautiful
—— black-collared
— black-faced
—— black-faced. Penn,
—- black-~headed
—— black mexican
—— blue-bellied
blue-crowned
—— blue-faced
-—— blue-headed
Bonana
bramble
Brazilian
=——— brown
brown--throated
Canary
—— Cape :
Capsa
~——-Carolina .
Carthagena
—-— Ceylon
—— Chaff
——. Chinese
—— Chinese Siskin
cinereous
—- Citril
collared
Cowpen .
—— crescent
+
Cuba
Dalmatic :
dusky . :
—— Eustachian
black and orange
crimson-crowned
crimson-headed .
INDEX.
p. 484 || Finch, fasciated
465° || -—— ferruginous
526 || —— fire
480 flaming. Penn.
440 || —-— foolish
A39 forrest
531 || --—— frizzled
471 Georgian
541 glossy
509 gold. :
510 grass,
508 greater redpole
506 green-gold
444 green-rumped
540 grey :
532 grey-headed
« 534 house
474 imperial
545 Lapland
« 495 lepid . .
A39 | lesser redpole
4O1 long-billed
A479 long-tailed .
a2 lovely a
524 Lulean
470 lunar
520 Mexican Siskin
472 || ——— mountain
- 5C2 |} —-~—nitid .
« 501 norton
- 530 || ———- orange
451 painted
AAQ parrot
§11 pred-mountain
437 Pine .
540 purple
476
—— red-breasted
2
xX
INDEX.
Finch, red-breasted, long-
tailed d :
—— red-crowned
red-faced
——. red-headed
—— ring
Latham.
rufous-chinned
YOSY.
=—— rusty-collared
—— Savanna .
——- scarlet :
—— Senegal ,
—— Serin
=— sharp-tailed
short-tailed
a—— Siskin
Snow ,
e Sparrow
speckled .
o=—— Strasburg
—— striped-headed
sultry
—- Surinam
—— swamp :
—— temporal .
mee testaceous
a Thistle 3
wwe tree . 500
» 454
. » $49
» 473
. 545
435
467
492
429
538
498
430
——= white-tailed wax-bill 262
Finch, white-throated p. 499
Winter
yellow
‘
FRINGILLA :.
— Athiops.
Gmel.
Afra
——___——- Alario
eT
Gmel. ;
Amandava
el
Linné.
arcuata
cree ee
tensis
— australis
ore
ns GORAIMCRSIS-
Briss.
eee
barbata
bicolor
ee
aed
ad
ee
fee
nl
calida
cana
Ce
—____- -—— canadensis
canaria
ome
—_——_——— Capsa
yeliow-throated :
Abyssinica
.albicollis.
Angolensis
Angolensis,
argentora-
autumnalis
benghalus
bononiensis
brachyura
butyracea
Cacatototl
cannabina
490
477
478
428
486
453
448
545
499
542
530°
5AI
5 30
538
503
481
AQ7
A484
5AL
AgL
438
435
477
AT}
54A
404
AAL
INDEX.
FRINGILLA Capitis Bone
Spew : : p. 288
Carduelis 460
—— carolinensis 439
ee carolinensis.
MSHUSS 6 83 . 414
carthagini-
ensis x ; . 491
owes —caudacuta 515
econ cinerea 529
cinerea In- :
dica : g . 259
—— citrinella . 472
mee coccinea . 454
tn Celebs AdQ
——+——— crispa 480
else cristata A440
cristata. -
WBntsss 4“, : 451
cyanoce-
phala: ;... : 509
— cyanomelas 508
—— Dalmatica 437
—- domestica 429
—_— elegans . 465
—— erythroce-
phala ‘ P . 458
erythropthal-
ma ‘ 2 414
Eustachii 476
—— fasciata 505
———— ferruginea 455
——_- flammea 451
—— flavicollis 478
——— flavirostris 523
— formosa 466
ee fusca 532 !
FRINGILLA fusca.
WINS. 2 ‘ p:
——— fuscicollis
——_—_——- Georgiana
Ce
graminea
—_——— granatina
——a
hyemalis
— Hudsonias,
Gmel. . : .
Jamaica .
——
ignita
iliaca
~—eD
a ee imperialis
nea
Indica .
Insula S.
Eustachiu ;
lapponica
oe
lepida
leucocepha-
la
leucura
linaria .
ed
Linota.
Gmel. é : ss
longirostris
ee
lulensis
ee
=e
macroura
maia 3
a
a
martinicen-
Gmel, fi
melanictera
SiS.
oe
melanoce-
phala. :
eo
—- melanoleuca
melba ;
ame
mexicana
Gar
montana .
471
432
X11 INDEX.
FRINGILLA montana. | FrincILua Spinus___p.
Briss. 4 : p- 489 || ——— striata.
monticola, —_—— stulta .
Gmel. : 441 || ——__—. surinama .
—— montifrin-. —_———— sylvatica .
gilla ‘ 5 - 444 || —_-——— syriaca_ .
Coma montium . 521 || —-—-——. temporalis
montium. ———— testacea —
Gielen eo. . 521 || —— torquata .
2 mmufticold: Aga) eee torquata,
a NEVA 406 Indica.. Briss. ;
nigra wctero- tricolor.
cephalus... Briss...» 460 | = eiane ;
HENS, ASS! || eee variegata .
—_——_——— nitida 536 |} ——— varie Nove -
2 aes - nivalis 402 Hispanie : <
— noctis A452 |) ——— virginiana
———— nortoniensis 485 || ——--—-——— ultramarina
——————— obscura 540 |} ——-— Zena
a oryzivora 388 || —_-—-——— Zeylonica
——— pecoris,..... 501%
pensylvanica 499 || Greenfinch, Indian. Edw.
———-—— petronia , 434
a pinetorum 503 || Grosbeak : -
a psittacea 447 Abyssinian .
—— punicea® . 456 _ Aiea
wee purpurea 507 Angola
——— rosea - 449 || —— ash-coloured
—— rubra, minor 306 ash-headed .
——_———— ruticapilla 440 || —— asiatic
eee Savannarum 500 || —— Bengal
——— Senegala 543 | black . -
——— ——. senegalensis. black. Edwards
BBTUS Se 66 os.3 ; . 450 black-bellied
ane ee serinus . 473 black-breasted
ee sinensis . 470 black-crested
———— Sinica . 524 || ———- black-headed
467
498
436
A87
528
535
533
ASA
512
502
510 .
464
527
527
501
506
497
479
477
235
294
272
280
298
286
261
258
324
280
289
325
242
243
INDEX.
Grosbeak, black-lined p. 282
blue. ee)
blue, from An-
gola . F250
blue-shouldered251
—_—— blue-winged 299
Brasilian 317
brimstone 313
— brown 323
— brown. Brown 295
brown-cheeked 270
brown-headed 308
————- Bullfinch 318
— Caffrarian 286
—- Canada 269
———— Cape 288
Cardinal 248
— Caucasian 245
Chinese 311
ene cinereous 259
Cowry 330
crested 260
————-=—- crested Domi-
nican 204
Dominican 276
dusky 2.96
——_———. dwarf 333
fantailed 305
——~—— fasciated . 328
fascinating 298
ferruginous . 327.
frontal 205
one Gambia 2900
gold-backed 285
——-———— screen 310
— grenadier 240
——--—— grey 252
Xi
Grosbeak, grey-necked p. 312
Hamburgh.
Lath. . 432
— Hawfinch —-.-236
—————--— Hudsonian- ..-297
— Java - ~316
———— Indian 247
—_—_—— lineated 326
a long-tailed . 284
Madagascar. 244
Malabar 262
—_—— Malacca 332
Malacca 301
— marygold 287
— Mexican . 241
——--—— minute 334
———— Molucca 331
mustachoe . 309
— nitid 282
-—— northern 322
——— nun 292,
orange 320
—— orange-bellied 306
————. Paradise 267
——~-—— parrot-billed 268
———-— pearled 279
—_— pensile 275
———— Philippine 314
Pine 238
— Pope . 276
prasine 207
——_———- purple 249
radiated 281
red, Albin 248
red-billed 256
red-breasted 278
red-rumped . 254
X1V
Grosbeak, St. Domingo p. 273
weeeieeme Siberian « 246
we SOCIablE « 303
a= Spotted - $807
striated » $329
— Sumatran . 201
wes Sunda ., 300
thick-billed . 324
sbi three-toed 338
a Totty . - 302
————- warbling ~ 295
———_— wax-bill 254
———— white-billed . 321
————— white-headed 301
white-rumped.
Lath. ‘ é of DOA
white-tailed 262
white-throated 253
———————. white-winged 283
—— yellow 299
— yellow-bellied 271
yellow-fronted 274
yellow-headed 2656
—— yellow-rumped 293
Hortulanus. Briss. - 344
—— Capitis Bone
Sper ry ie O72,
~——— Curolinensis 388
aoe nivalis 341
—— nivalis niger 307
Hyrevus ., : BOT |
Abyssinicus 338
Hyreus : ‘ 337
- Abyssinian 338°
INDEX.
p. 467
‘471
mexicanus, niger 471
Ligurinus, Briss. .
mexicanus
516
Linaria, Briss.
angolensis 539
— argentoratensis 538
brasiliana longi- -
cauda A424
—— minima. 521
montana 521
rubra major 516
- rubra minor 519
Linnet, Angola, Edw. . 539
common 516
an)
greater red-headed 516
vam—= lesser red-headed 519
mountain 521
Loxia 235
Briss... rane
Paterson . 83
Abyssinica . 394
Africana 273
Americana - 328
angolensis 280
asiatica .. .» 261
astrilda ., a 254.
aurantia . 320
aurea ‘ «- 285
bengalensis 258
bicolor 305
boetonensis . 247
é bonariensis . %87
. brasiliana 317
butyracea 274
4
Loxia caffra, p-
cana : ‘
canadensis
canora
cantans .
capensis
. Cardinalis ;
Chloris. :
cinerea . :
Coccothraustes
——- cerulea . F
—— collaria . ee
—— coronata °
crassirostris
—— cristata
—_ cucullata
cyanea.
cyanoptera .
dominicana ;
dominicensis .
eneucleator
eryihrina, Gmel,
erythrocephala
. erythromelas
falcirostra :
fasciata . ‘
fascinans
ferruginea :
ferruginosa.
flabellifera :
flavicans
flaviventris ,
—— frontalis . :
fusca
grisea
grossa .
——— Hamburgia, Gime),
INDEX.
286
250
269
270
205
288
248
310
208
236
250
202
242
324
260
264
250
299
276
273
238
449
263
243
233
328
208
308
327
305 “
290
IAL
205
323
252
253
432
Loxia hordeacea __—p..
-——— hudsonica :
——hypoxantha .
Javensis i
indica. :
indica, Gmel. .
leucura
lineata. :
lingola 4 tr.
— longicauda
ludoviciana :
——— macroura, Gmel.
maculata :
maia
malabarica
malacca .
—— — melanocephala
melanogastra
melanura
: mexicana
minima
minuta .
o—__.-—' Maglucea
_—_——— mystacea cC
nigra 3
se NHitida. >. f
a1 ODscura. *?
Oryx
oryzivora
panicivora :
———— pectoralis :
pensilis
perlata « :
——— philippensis .
a—— prasina . °
psittacea :
madagascariensis
Xv
INDEX.
Lox punctularia p. 330
Pyrrhula . 318
rubricilla « 245
“——~-— Sanguinirostris 256
septentrionalis 322
; sibirica . 246
sinensis 311
——. s0cia ‘ 303
Striata , 320
——— sulphurata -. 313
——— torrida . penis) |
Totta : «- 302
tridactylia - 388
Sram or Miolaceantyng. vs. 249
— virens - 251
xanthocephala 266
Oriole, yellow-shouldered 422
Passer, canadensis A4]
aw Capitis Bone Spei 530
———~— domesticus 429
~———— erythrorynchos
Capitis Bone Spei 256
— Jamaicensis 500
——— montanus 432
— niger 452
——— niger erythroryn-
chos A453
——-— pensylvanicus 499
Sclavonicus 437
senegalensis ery-
throrynchos 256
stultus , - 436
——— sylvestris 434
dinaceus
—— lorquatus, seu arun-
362
| Passerculus bononiensis p. 435
———- Capitis Bone
Spei : : « 545
PHYTOTOMA — . - 335
————— Abyssinica__338
—— Rara ‘end 6
tridactylia 338
Plant-cutter j 335_
—— Abyssinian 338
————— Chili 336
Pyrrhula Africana nigra 283
Africana nigra
minor, ; ~ 326
—— Americana cris-
tata 3 ; - 242
bahamensis vioe
lacea ; , - 249
——m—= COLOLINENSIS C@-
« 250
—— carolinensis vio-~
rulea
lacea ; ‘ e507
hamburgensis 432
mexicana nigra 321
Senegalis ruber 543
striatus 254
Serinus, Briss. 473
—canarius . 474
——— jamaicensis- . AOA
—— Ltalicus 472
Sparrow. . 429
INDEX.
Sparrow, black and yellow
Srizzled p- 480
— brasilian. Edw. 250
— Cape of Good
Hope. Alo. 545
—— Chinese . 332
——— litile. Edw. . 455
—— long-tailed 420
—— of Paradise 263
——— white-breasted In- —
dian : Uooe
—— white-throated.
Edw. As : ,
— yellow-headed In-
dian
499
258
XVil
Tanager, rufous-throated.
Lath, p. 452
Tanagra carolinensis ceru-
lea. . A ‘ . A407
—cyanea . ~ 407
——— ruficollis, Gmel. 452
Tree creeper, Hamburgh.
Albin. 432
Vidua, Briss. ; - 418
— angolensis 420
——— major 419
——— minor 423
——— riparia africana 426
Directions for placing the Plates in Vol. IX.
Part f.
The Vignette represents a diminished figure of Pogonius Vieil-
loti, described in page 3.
Plate 24 toface page 115
Plate 1 to face page 2
Q ——«s- 8 25 ——— 116
3 — 9 26 ————— __ 126
BE rae 9 20 S189
4 mi 28 ———-——._ 143
4* ———-— 16 29 ——-———-_ «+148
5 ————— 28 30, ———————._ 15
6 ———- 34 31 ———— 155
7e_—_—~——-— 39 32 ———-———._ 158
8 ———— 44 33 ———--———_ 163
9 ———— 46 34° ———-———._ 166
10 ————_ 47 35 ————-_ 183
1l ————— 48 B5* m—m——-- 185
12 ———_-——_ 49 35** —-—_——._ 187
13 ———_———__ 57 35*** --————_ 101
14 ———— 60 B5*X Fe -—_ 202
1 -_————— 63 Z5RRREX _- 203
16 ————— 68 Z5*EEXE 909
17 —————-_ 83 EASE ERE 210%,
18 —————.__ 84 ©5 211
ae |, 8 86" —-———— 213
2. 162 " 37 ————_—> 217
21° | 104 38 —————-._ 219
22 —————— 114 39 ——————._ 223
230 —-——— 114 40 ———————._ 227
aya a
ik
Lemon dpi tin
Directions for placing the Plates in Vol. LX.
Part I.
The Vignette represents the Shaft-tailed Bunting consi-
, derably smaller than nature: it is described in page 426.
Plate 41
42
43
44
A5
46
47
48
AQ
50
to face page
Plate 56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
to face page
351
356
362
362
364.
405
418
420
432
444
447
451
460
467
519
Page
266,
305,
310,
ict
313,
316,
338,
355,
356,
357,
364,
7 and 8,
2,
9,
10,
ERRATA.
PART I.
Geo. read Ger.
dentatius, read dentatim.
“Egyptian, read Egyptian.
Perra, read Persa.
Kottniquas, read Hottntquas.
it feeds, read they feed.
MADAGASCARENSIS, read MADAGASCARIENSIS.
Ditto Ditto,
Ditto Ditto.
27, having been taken in, read inhabiting.
Line
2,
7)
il,
13,
15,
14,
3
?
co HS 00
3
15,
31,
19,
PART II.
MEXICANA, read XANTHOCEPHALA,
Dichotornes, read Dichotoma.
tatta, read totta.
Montague, read Montagu.
Bewick i,, read Bewick i. 136.
on, read over.
sinereus, read sinensis.
alba, read albo,
fratensis, read pratensis.
luteris, read luteis.
Knightsbridge, read Kingsbridge.
with, read with a.
2
i)
aCe Hebets H
tie ile eet
owt Vd
Ny thane
' ap onehiens
‘ ti a ‘ded t phate
Hi
j tain Nan
ee id fie aviee
ig! er fet bot Fy 4
anes at pete Bie Coa tea pop! te etc ;
ah Ht at Ur on aie BOL ObT Mees etre? ) at
apy inn we aie 4 rene
wi
th Opes H8) WEN
a batyeete Spit “t Whe Ws
at hwy de
we cag R, ry Wf by ne
+ ' ¥ NP pa We
siya tae ey is) ans by Nanay
; ‘
re 685 ha 7
pen i Y :
pat en a ctnaat bye Co
belts ‘ i
oo h * a : angst
el! 7 ron Wyte fF
UR ALA ae asa ens? et TL oe
hep m ae FHF ha ¥ cM Mae a
WORRY tte heh | ait Wow ey,
UPR NE 7 Cabhis g
pont tiai
incor echo
sikh ;
abo gs
iene fein if
sgibehry 4 ' M ”
fe snk vey hae Cup
ee Heed
woe ah i
Fetter de ea
shah 1G? ou
SN Hie tt ghia
Foren: ~ BG
AV ytd Pst
WE tote
A Sbernes
tan Soa Lkbet
BY deagiae uh Bet beet
& Wee fags Papi the tig fd
a PH hoT ewes
a nee
ick EERg 7
Fa oe Cores ted
NP Net ee.
et at ana be
d f ’ '
aah 3 af if Sess tf BE TEBC A phoee t . . i
AEE Lele hu “4 ne ave Goh dino
eivwitt lye be hoe ti
one
St abtal
. ste nike sl
sai
. a
1 Pid rie hs
as acy? ate rs aah
Pubetema er aya ta
: Le ie i | Lidia pk ett
henited of yu ; ‘ nae y
Paid ae coe i
anti)
“Pte i Mas
BE wae reiy ae
ME eR
ROLL eens
rus
“once 4
ls Ps
ate Murty on WYP Et pelea
Ay : is . Gay useE Fag
TSPU IMT t, ny ans :
ees
steht it
years oI
Pye ¥ ae AIEUT Bune a
he y ni 6 ‘ ;
Ror
wee ee
up us i xe
biar ict
stdin ;
wry Seagal ‘ jj ; Waly
weg rie, Me othe hes A By fe Neue
§ y t ngs recom
me on i ore Wresbeas i PomeG oe air tueh, ay hy dy har ot
are TREC en oa ete 5 Vues ee itPaee hat
zy murny “A te oe og GEG, f Spubnueie
she ie
Wee dena WU EM EN A tig ty of
Woe nage ee gnaed pe hae Hwee ar,
Oe Ls tie j
" | Teeae 4 Wig.
“ies
bse as rey if aah t Thea bs, fag & ip Le Reeds
fibre atahita ual ye ehh alee Mey is
oa) Mena a, ce t vo Dene Wreteyy i
a Hae Gop ey geile THe ae ’ Ary peer
nee ee on . F f ts
‘ pa be
“aay et ¢ ' gcc dne ae
hina 1 y " /
we Pt at, ‘
We UN ED ge 4 iy 4
oa ata rity in he ep de 1 : , j oh Oye eR he
i ee eet bsg | Seana tar i vigagutut fee ee . fii ty
Hn ' saute, Mate fou Ie Bet ha r
coe eu Pacts H j
Ais furl eat
a ce a
fun
rete tu
M Rates : aS,
ae yee be Dal ay p wut ra
wieut Cpe: ete Wy \, q ,
ye acing : Ahaha rk sant Rh Oe ratte lat eos i bin re
We ie Wat bahia Ay Ao Cent r i ‘ * , =F
NT wha md wea ates eee monet ” f,| i 5 : \, } f ot rs > ee | i He fee f
t 3b We ohit ! 4 bien) , A oo ty ‘ ‘
vate Wet ti cn iyi {Miss lia Hine bs i i \ ry 4 tote? hoa
ou = ¢ ; A é rae . Sy
4 mae st me +f Ls ,. Tait ‘ vy