3' 1 C ~s~? THE GENERA OF FUNGI FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS Carnegie Institution of Washington AND CORNELIUS L. SHEAR United States Department of A griculture Illustrated by EDITH S. CLEMENTS Carnegie Institution of Washington B D HAFNER PUBLISHING CO. NEW YORK 1954 Copyright, 1931 BY FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS, CORNELIUS L. SHEAR AND EDITH S. CLEMENTS 2nd Printing, 1954 PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. NOBLE OFFSET & PRINTING CO. NEW YORK 3, NEW YORK Preface IN the "Genera of Fungi" published in 1909, 2,909 generic names were included; the present volume contains more than 5,000 names. The great number of genera published since the first edition and their inaccessibility to many students have made it desirable to bring the treat- ment up to date. The last issue of Saccardo's "Sylloge Fungorum," volume 24, includes only genera published previous to 1919 and 1920, while we have attempted in addition to account for all genera proposed since that time. This has been rendered possible largely by the use of the card index of new genera of fungi maintained by the Bureau of Plant Industry, and also by the list of new genera compiled by Plunkett, Young and Ryan. Illustrations are given of the type or other representative species of approximately 700 genera, and these comprise some 1800 figures. Many are original, having been made from typical specimens of the species illustrated. The others have been copied or adapted from standard works, largely from the parts of Engler & Prantl's "Pflanzenfamilien" that treat of the fungi. The bibliography of the most important literature on system- atic mycology is appended, and the glossary has been enlarged and improved. In contrast with the first edition, the Myxomyccfcs, Bacteria and Myxobactcria have been omitted. The Myxomycctcs, although regarded as belonging to the animal kingdom, are studied by mycologists and pre- served in collections of fungi. The genera of this group are, however, very fully and satisfactorily treated by Miss G. Lister in her monograph, while the works of Macbride and Massee are also available to students. The bacteria are largely studied by specialists other than mycologists and the so-called genera are founded in many cases upon physiological, patho- logical or cultural characters, which it is not convenient, even when possible, to handle in a satisfactory manner in a Key. The determination of the name of a plant is the first thing necessary in its study or in the investigation of any problem connected with it. In the case of fungi, the great number of genera, the scattered descriptions and their inaccessibility, especially those published since 1920 and which have not appeared in the "Sylloge Fungorum," make it desirable to bring together all the known genera in a form in which tentative identifications at least can be made, and the place of publication cited so that detailed descriptions may be found. Only those who have spent their lives in the study of fungi and have become familiar with the life-histories and mor- phology of members of the various groups, can have any adequate con- iii IV PREFACE ception of the difficulties involved in an attempt to prepare a Key for the multitude of genera that have been proposed, many of which are imperfectly known and described. Whether its usefulness will justify the labor involved in the preparation of the work or not remains to be determined. Of errors there are undoubtedly many, especially in the citations, as it has been impossible to verify them all, and we shall be grateful to have them called to our attention as found. No one can realize better than the writers the imperfections of the work. In the present state of knowledge of the genera of fungi, no generally satisfactory Key or system of arrangement is possible. It is hoped that the treatment given and the illustrations in particular may help to promote the study of mycology by students and amateurs, as well as its progress at the hands of professional mycologists and patholo- gists. If our efforts result in leading more students to become acquainted with this interesting group of plants and to pursue this fertile field of investigation, we shall feel amply repaid for our labors. The authors wish to express their obligation to Dr. J. C. Arthur for his kind assistance in the key to the rusts. They are further indebted to Miss Edith Cash for her aid in the bibliographic work, and to Mrs. B. F. Jordan for help in connection with manuscript and proof. Frederic E. Clements Cornelius L. Shear Santa Barbara and Washington December 1930 Cljarles C. Besgep 3n jnemotiam Contents PAGE Preface "^ Introduction 1 System of Classification 20 List of Key Initials 22 General Key to Families 23 Key to the Genera 30 List of Types and Synonyms 233 Bibliography ^^4 Glossary 433 Index 463 List of Plates follozmng 496 9 f^ij Introduction *» THE development of systematic mycology during the past quarter of a century has been characterized by three features of much significance. The first of these has been the relative exhaustion of fields long-tilled at home and the consequent tendency to shift the basis of criteria, with the result that sections have been changed into genera and genera into families. A second feature has been due to the increasing exploitation of the Tropics, which has disclosed a large amount of novel material, in certain orders especially. Of even greater interest and significance has been the work of the "revisionists" in testing the foundations of the subject and in removing or refashioning faulty units. The chief worker in the arduous task of revalu- ating type specimens and other authentic material has been Hoehnel, but a large part in this has also been taken by Bresadola, Theissen, Sydow, Petrak and Weese, to mention only the most active. Essential as this has been to the development of mycology, it was inevitable that it should reveal great differences as to the facts and even greater ones of interpretation. In spite of the industry of this group, as well as of others, it is evident that the application of scientific methods to the revision of the fungi is only begun. This is clearly demonstrated by the frequent wide divergence in the treatment of both genera and families, which may be illustrated by several striking examples. Probably the most illuminating instance is afforded by the so-called Pseudosphaeriaceae. The concept of a new family based upon a sclerotioid perithecium with paraphysoids in place of paraphyses was first advanced by Hoehnel (1907), who during the course of the next ten years added several genera to the original two, chiefly by transfer from other families. By 1918, Theissen and Sydow had expanded the group to more than a score of genera and had reached the conclusion that "It has already been shown with sufficient clearness that the Pseudosphaeriales are to be regarded as an order containing several families, even though a conclusive treatment is not yet possible" (Ann. Myc. 16:34 1918). In the same year, Hoehnel spoke as follows of this expansion of the group: "To what lengths the PseudospIuieriaceae-st3irch may be carried is shown by the following. Parodiella caespitosa Winter is treated by Theissen and Sydow as a genuine species of the genus, therefore as one of the Pseudosphaeriaceae. The examination of the original specimen of this fungus in Rabenh. Wint., F. europ. No. 3249 convinces me that this is a wholly typical member of the Sphaeriaceae" (Ann. Myc. 16:35, 199 1918). The final blow to the Pseudosphaeriaceae was delivered by Petrak five years later. "The comparative study of a large number of forms, regarded either by Hoehnel or Theissen or by both as Pseudosphaeriaceae, has shown that, while these are actually of the greatest importance for the taxonomy 1 2 GENERA OF FUNGI of the Pyrenomycetcs, their true significance has not been placed in the proper Hght by either Hoehnel or Theissen. We really have here a family (Pseudosphacriaccae) the members of which are much more closely related to the genera of another family (Sphacriaccac) than they are to each other" (Ann. Myc. 21:1 1923). A similar though less tragic fate has overtaken the Englcrulaccac as a result of the recension by Petrak (Ann. Myc. 26:386 1928). This family was established by Theissen and Sydow in 1917 and to it were referred some sixteen genera characterized by the slimy histolysis of the perithecium (Ann. Myc. 15:468). Petrak emphasizes the fact that this criterion occurs in different orders and thus is led to reduce the number of genera to six, five of the original family becoming synonyms and five of doubtful character. Equally significant is the detailed critique by Petrak of the new system of Fungi Imperfecti proposed by Hoehnel (Falck Myk. Unters. Ber. 1 :301- 369 1923). 'T shall here endeavor to answer the question whether the new system is a natural one, whether it does justice to the mutual relationships of the genera in so far as possible, and whether, as Hoehnel assumes, 'it actually provides a firm basis for further elaboration, and by others like- wise.' Whoever judges Saccardo's system of the fungi without prejudice and with complete objectivity must admit that, however unnatural it may seem otherwise, it would serve very well for practical purposes and for the provisional disposition of the immense host of fungi were its usefulness not greatly reduced by the large number of genera known to him only by the original descriptions. To me it is an established fact that Hoehnel's system exhibits the natural relationships of the genera no better, and in part less well than the old system of Saccardo. Compared with the latter, it has the further great disadvantage of being for practical purposes as good as worth- less. For while the beginner can always find his way with a certain security in Saccardo's system, with Hoehnel's he must go astray in the great majority of cases and fall into one error after another" (Ann. Myc. 23 :1 1925). It is superfluous to refer to the many other instances of disagreement or discrepancy in the work of the revisionists. Regardless of the credit due them for devotion to a difficult task, it is obvious that the individual method rarely yields comprehensive and objective results. Still more unfortunate is its lack of permanence, it being a truism that the work of one monographer is usually upset by the next, rendering it all but impossible to build the foundations of mycology broadly, deeply and securely. It has become a mat- ter of critical importance to substitute for the personal equation of the individual worker the cumulative confirmation made possible by cooperation, as well as to suggest a method by which this may be brought about. In science, as in society, it is desirable to limit the independence of the indi- vidual only to the extent that the best interests of the group demand, but no mycologist with a broad view of the field can doubt that this point has for some time been passed. INTRODUCTION 3 Four principles are considered to be essential for the conversion of mycology into an inclusive and objective science reared upon a secure foundation. In a word, these are usage, uniformity, statistics and experi- ment. It is evident that the first already constitutes an approach to coopera- tion, but it lacks conscious direction and to some degree both definiteness and momentum. Furthermore, it sometimes rests upon average rather than optimum values, and then requires to be transmuted into the best usage. The greatest service of the latter is to bring about the highest degree of uni- formity in treatment and result compatible with the facts, in short, to insure those objective values that alone can be permanent. For securing these, statistical and experimental methods are indispensable, though it is perhaps an adequate commentary upon the present status of systematic mycology to say that such methods are all but unknown to it. As indicated later, practices in the use of criteria have grown up with little or no scrutiny or question and with but slight endeavor to render them consistent or dependable. No one possesses any real knowledge of the relative merits of criteria and yet every working mycologist continues to act as though he did. However, it must be recognized that experiment in vitro provides but one approach to the problem, and that statistics and experiment in nature are fully as impor- tant in revealing development and phylogeny. Probably every working mycologist recognizes and deplores the handi- caps under which he must struggle, but too often he fails to recognize his own contribution to them. The outstanding example of this attitude is to be found in Lloyd's "Myths of Mycology," in which the author belabors many a mycologist for faults much less serious than his own. Hoehnel justly criticizes the inadequacy of mycological studies in the following statement in the introduction to his new system: "Since the description of a genus varies with the personal knowledge and the point of view of each author, even when it is drawn up precisely and conscientiously, and since further the great majority of descriptions are inexact, incomplete and often entirely false, it is clear that a very large number of the genera considered by me have been incorrectly interpreted and classified." Yet in spite of his prodi- gious industry — or perhaps because of it — he has repeatedly committed every one of the sins that he decries. Two of his major series of studies are well-named "fragments" because of the incidental way in which new genera are christened, the lack of diagnoses and indications of relationship, and the frequency with which the promise of later diagnoses is forgotten. Obviously, it is not sufficient to agree with Lloyd, Hoehnel, Petrak and others that mycology suffers seriously from hasty and superficial methods ; some procedure must be established and generally adopted that will protect the mycologist from himself as well as his colleagues. In essence, the remedy is simple, though its application to individualists will be difficult. The first step concerns the individual mycologist whose duty it is to insure that his own work contains none of the defects that he laments in the work of others. This demands not only meticulous thorough- 4 GENERA OF FUNGI ness and accuracy in the study of a sufficient quantity of good material, but also the exercise of the same qualities in preparing the results for publica- tion. Diagnoses should be concise but complete, and should specifically take into account all of the generic criteria in the family concerned. Even more imperative is the definite indication of relationship to one or more contiguous genera, together with a clear-cut statement of the differences involved. An admirable way to secure such results is actually to place the proposed genus in the family or sectional key, which will serve also to reveal any weakness in the proposal. To offset personal differences in terminology and interpre- tation, no genus should be regarded as adequately published unless accom- panied by proper illustrations. Finally, the position in family and section should be clearly stated, together with a pertinent account of deviations or discrepancies. With the task of the individual well performed, the second and even more important step is to speedily insure its confirmation and currency. For this, cooperation is indispensable. Many a genus has passed from cr>e hand to another over a long period without meeting a real test of its validity, and there are still too many that rest upon a single unconfirmed discovery. This condition can be remedied and mycology converted into a body of tested objective knowledge only through some method for the review of genera and species before they are published. Sooner or later all such proposals will be critically examined by other mycologists, and it is obviously to the advantage of all that this be done before publication rather than after. Much uncertainty and not infrequent error will be avoided if the material concerned is submitted to other specialists in the particular field. In the case of genera a cogent argument is afforded by the excessive number of present synonyms, while the over-production of species is attested by Hoehnel's reduction of 17 species of Diaporthe on Salix to 5, 9 on Aesculus to 2, and 7 on Caprifoliaceae to 1 ! A third essential of the plan proposed is to render much more accessible the original papers and the type material concerned with the publication of new genera. Unfortunately some of the proponents of new genera and species seem to forget that the primary aim and purpose of systematic mycology is the advancement of science and the benefit of mankind rather than the aggrandizement of the individual. No one who has not attempted such a task as the present one can fully appreciate the almost insurmountable difficulties of the existing situation, but every mycologist has made acquaint- ance with some of them in the course of his own work. This is exemplified in the interval of twelve years between the appearance of volumes 22 and 23 of the "Sylloge Fungorum," but it is even more evident in the numerous omissions in the last two volumes, omissions that are all but unavoidable under the circumstances. This tax upon time and energy, to say nothing of the character of the results, can only be obviated by the clear recognition of his scientific obligations by each mycologist. The first of these is to see that descriptions are drawn in either Latin, English, French or German, and that INTRODUCTION 5 publication is made in well-known and widely distributed journals, prefer- ably such as are devoted to fungi. The second duty is to insure that copies of all such papers are sent to the chief mycological centers, such as Berlin, London, Paris, Vienna, and Washington, for example. This should also involve the deposition of co-types of all new genera and species in the herbaria at such centers, to facilitate the labors of future students of the group. In the hope of furthering the work of mycologists and pathologists the world over, it is definitely planned to issue a new edition of the present book at intervals of three to five years, depending somewhat upon the amount of material that requires attention. In addition to incorporating new and valid genera and determining synonyms, this will also take account of the general progress in the field of systematic mycology. Constructive criticism, both in general and in particular, will be welcomed and utilized, as w^ell as other suggestions designed to render the book more serviceable. Criteria Since the validity of genera rests upon the value of the criteria employed, it is desirable to pass these in review at the outset. As the criteria necessarily differ in the various groups, their consideration will be restricted chiefly to the Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes, in which evolution has been most active and the number of genera by far the largest. Moreover, most of the new genera proposed during the past two decades belong in these two groups. As a consequence, the application of criteria here has been fairly consistent and uniform, and thus furnishes a proper basis for e.xamination. At present no objective basis exists for the evaluation of criteria and no adequate one is possible until statistical and experimental methods have come more into vogue. Though it is usually assumed that cultural studies yield conclusive evidence as to development and structure, this is not neces- sarily true. On theoretical grounds, the life-history of a fungus should be the same in culture and in nature only when the essential factors are alike, a condition often absent and in most cases extremely difficult to attain. Evidence already available indicates that the results obtained in culture may depart widely from the behavior exhibited in nature, the recent study of Cristidariella by Bowen furnishing a striking example of this (1930). The cultural and natural form differ so much as to warrant placing them in separate genera, and in other cases the difference may be as much as that between families or orders. In consequence, while experiment must be regarded as the corner-stone of a scientific mycology, the experimental pro- cedure must rest squarely upon a proper combination of nature and culture, reinforced bv thorough-going statistical studies over a wide natural range. In the general absence of such studies, it must be recognized that our present utilization of criteria rests upon two subjective processes, namely, observation and usage. However, these constitute a much better basis than 6 GENERA OF FUNGI might at first be supposed, since the immediate need is for the systematic cataloguing and identifying of the immense number of forms concerned. The observations and practices of the leading mycologists during more than a hundred years provide the present available foundation for this and have led to more or less definite usage. Through the attrition of divergent view^s and by virtue of increasing information, the latter becomes in a degree objec- tive and affords a correspondingly safer basis. It is imperative, however, to discriminate between use and usage, and furthermore to recognize that scientific usage must be continuously checked by observation and experiment in order to become uniform and objective in the highest degree possible. No mere lapse of time should be permitted to render current either dis- crepancy or error, or to validate departures from tested and proven practice. The following discussion of criteria deals with their application in the present treatment, and this is based in the fullest possible degree upon the practice of leading mycologists as exemplified in Saccardo's "Sylloge Fungo- rum," Engler and Prantl's "NatiirHchen Pflanzenfamilien," and Raben- horst's "Kryptogamen-Flora" in particular. The rule of uniformity has been carried into effect in occasional instances where exceptions to an other- wise universal usage have persisted to render "keying out" awkward or impossible. The consideration given this matter here is not intended to be exhaustive, but to be informatory and to provide a basis for future elaboration. Habit The actual significance of habit as a generic criterion is of course unknown, but its practical value in many cases is recognized. This is espe- cially true of strict parasitism and saprophytism, as it is likewise of the lichen habit, involving parasitism on algae. The practice of assigning generic rank to the fungicole forms is apparently valid in case of true parasites, while the fimicole habit is likewise generally accepted among Pyrenomycetes in particular, though not always dependable. More recently, Hoehnel has insisted that the latter parasitic in other perithecia bear a distinct stamp and deserve to be segregated, and his genera of this type have been tentatively accepted here. Parasites on lichens have in general been accorded generic value, and Saccardo, Zopf , Rehm, and Theissen and Sydow have been espe- cially consistent in thus treating them. Keissler has recently objected to this procedure, in spite of the current practice (1930:179), but the lichenicole genera are fully as valid as the others based upon habit, and probably more so than those lichen genera founded upon a difference in the genus of the algal host. Much more study and information are necessary to determine the exact status of the lichen-inhabiting forms. The general tendency has been to recognize the uredicole habit as war- ranting generic segregation, and this has been extended to other distinctive groups of hosts, the ferns in particular being so treated. With respect to parasitism on different organs, a number of long-accepted genera are based primarily if not wholly on the folicole, caulicole or floricole habit. This has INTRODUCTION 7 led to the duplication of genera in many cases and has little or no dependable value except in special instances. At present, the use of habit as a generic criterion is firmly entrenched in mycological practice, but it should be clearly understood that such charac- ters while utilized in the Key are not necessarily considered of generic value by themselves. Sufficient evidence is already available to show that such criteria are in certain groups of little real worth and should be used with great caution. Habit as a criterion appears to fail almost completely in the Hypocrcaccac, where twenty of the larger genera occur on from three to ten different types of host or matrix. CoNiDiAL Stages With increasing knowledge of the life-histories of the Ascomyceies, conidial or "nebenfrucht" characters are being adopted in defining and limiting old as well as new genera. Where sufficiently exact knowledge of the development of the various species is available, this may ultimately prove desirable, but too little information of this kind has been published to permit any general application of such criteria in a key. Moreover, our present scanty knowledge of the subject furnishes various examples of the difficul- ties that arise in attempting to utilize conidial stages for generic segregation. It has been found that ascogenous forms generally regarded as congeneric have very different secondary stages, while widely separated genera may possess similar or nearly identical ones. Further discussion of this theme may be found in "The Problem of a Natural Classification of the Asconiycctes" (Shear, 1929). Furthermore, some workers have gone so far as to segregate genera on the basis of the mere association of certain conidial forms with the ascocarp. Such practice is to be deplored, as it can only lead to greater uncertainty and confusion. The names of the so-called form genera of Fungi Imperfecti, which in most cases represent stages in the life-histories of Ascomycetes, should be recognized as tentative, until their genetic relation to the perfect form is definitely shown, when they can be reduced to synonomy and discarded, as has already been done in the Pucciniales. For present purposes therefore, the most convenient and usable artificial system constitutes the most desir- able arrangement of this group. Such attempts as those of Hoehnel to establish a new system of Fungi Imperfecti hence serve no useful purpose, except in so far as they increase the readiness with which specimens in hand may be identified. Whoever tries to use Hoehnel's key in this connection is practically certain to concur in the judgment of Petrak, already quoted, that it is much less satisfactory than the Saccardian. Spore The opinion is frequently expressed that the carpologic system of Saccardo is much less natural than one based upon stroma and perithecium as primary criteria. With our present knowledge, no objective determination 8 GENERA OF FUNGI of relative merits is possible, but for definiteness and convenience the Sac- cardian arrangement appears much more preferable. Moreover, since all three criteria must be employed in any system, it is a distinct advantage to first utilize the one most clear-cut and easily determined, and last that which presents the most difficulty. This is the sequence followed in Saccardo's spore sections, in which the spore plays the primary role, the perithecium comes next, and the stroma last. Even Winter, who used the stroma for his subdivisions of the Sphaerialcs, emphasized the undesirability of placing too much stress upon this structure. In general, the usage with respect to the spore is so definite and uni- versal as to require little comment. In spite of some intergrades, as well as occasional variation within a species, the color and septation of the spore are generally dependable criteria in the Ascomycetcs and Deuteromycetes. The presence, position, number and form of spore appendages are also regu- larly utilized, but with some exceptions. With respect to other spore charac- ters, the practice has been far from uniform. Thus with regard to the epispore, genera have been separated on the nature of the markings in some groups and not in others. It may prove best not to assign this criterion generic value, though there is no question of its convenience, especially in Moniliales, where criteria are often at a premium. In the present treatment, several spore characters recently employed by some mycologists are not considered to be of generic value. These are unequal cells in didymospores and the form of the cells in phragmospores. A third feature, that of the breaking apart of the cells in scolecospores, is likewise regarded as too variable and unimportant to be utilized. Theissen and Sydow have made regular use of unequal spore-cells, but an examina- tion of the genera erected upon this discloses its weakness. This is the wide range of variation within a genus and often in the same species, while in more than one instance genera based upon equal spore-cells contain species with as much inequality as some in those genera stamped with this character. An examination of all the species concerned in the eight examples of generic subdivision on this basis in "Die Dothideales" demonstrates that this is entirely unwarranted, a fact not entirely unrealized by the authors in the statement made under Placostronia (p. 407) : "The inequality of the spore- cells is not so sharply marked, as in Coccoides, Coccochorella, etc., that this species must be generically segregated." The same authors have also based new genera upon both 3- and 4-celled spores, but the unlimited possibilities in this direction render comment unnecessary. The scolecospore presents some problems peculiar to itself with respect to form, septation and color. Dark scolecospores are rare, but a tinge of color is less infrequent ; septation is highly variable, sometimes in the same species, and is seldom if ever to be depended upon. While the extremes of the two characteristic forms, acicular and filiform, are distinctive, they vary and intergrade too much to render them serviceable as a rule. The major difficulty lies in a definite distinction between the phragmospore and INTRODUCTION 9 scolecospore, and the most satisfactory solution has been found to lie in the ratio between length and width. A compilation of all the long-spored species of the one and short-spored of the other in Sphaeriales discloses the fact that a ratio of 20:1 represents much the most natural dividing line and one that requires the transfer of very few species to make it consistent. A simi- lar study of the Phomales demonstrates that a ratio of 10:1 is preferable, the difference being probably explained by the normally smaller size of the pycnidium. It is obvious that the determination of spore characters must rest upon mature spores; this is especially important in Ascomycetes where maturity is sometimes long delayed, winter conditions apparently being often neces- sary to insure this in nature. Spore color andseptation, as given in descrip- tions, are frequently misleading or erroneous, as color and septation usually depend upon age and condition of development of the spores. Spores in some cases, e.g., Macrophoma, may be discharged and appear mature and germinate freely, while later the spores remaining in the pycnidium become brown as in Sphaeropsis and sometimes septate as in Diplodia. This is also true of spore septation, which in some cases is delayed until after the spores seem to be fully formed and mature and are expelled. Only careful observa- tion of abundant material in different stages of development can determine these points in any particular genus. An examination of the older type specimens by Hoehnel and others has shown that the original descriptions were sometimes based upon immature material that failed to indicate the true nature of the spores as to color and septation, but this in no wise detracts from the value or usefulness of these characters under the proper safeguards. As with all fungus criteria, much more careful observation, statistical study and experiment are necessary to determine just how stable and dependable these characters are in representative genera, as well as in spore sections and higher groups. Stroma Among the Sphaeriales and Phomales in particular, no other structure is so variable and so difficult of interpretation as the stroma, probably because this is a part of the vegetative body and hence more directly affected by the environment. Perhaps the major part of the disagreement between Hoehnel, Theissen and Sydow, and Petrak centers about the facts as to the various types of stromata and their interpretation. The rise and fall of the Pscudosphaeriaceae is the outstanding illustration of this, but it is likewise exemplified throughout the stromate and stromoid forms. Probably more new genera have been proposed on the basis of differing interpretations of the stroma than on any other. Petrak in particular has recognized the unde^ sirability of this, but has not always heeded his own conclusions (Ann. Myc. 21 : 272 1923; 23 :83 1925). It is obviously true, as Winter pointed out in discussing Sordaria and Hypocopra, that many mistakes have been made by basing genera on stromatic characters alone (1887:169). 10 GENERA OF FUNGI With regard to the dependabihty of such criteria, this may vary greatly in different families and even in genera. In some the stroma is fairly con- stant, in others very variable; effuse, valsoid and pulvinate forms often intergrade, as do sessile and stipitate ones also. However, the most confus- ing cases are those connecting Sphacrialcs and Dotliidcalcs, in which the question arises as to whether a stroma contains perithecia or locules. Here again all possible intermediates occur between stromata in which the peri- thecia are so distinct that they are easily removable, to those in which the asci are borne in a chamber of the stroma which shows no definite wall. Hoehnel and others have gone so far as to recognize a separate family, Pseudosphaeriaceae, to include genera such as Plcospora and Pyrenophora, in which the perithecia have a somewhat thickened wall that they regard as a stroma with a single locule ! In this connection, it is to be noted, that Blain has found that stromata "possessing interascicular pseudoparenchyma, the distinguishing feature of the Psciidosphaeriales, are found in the Dotliidcalcs and Sphacrialcs" (1927:18). Recently, Miller has attempted to distinguish between a perithecium and a stroma with a single locule. He concludes that the perithecial wall in the Sphacrialcs "is histologically and ontogenetically different from the tissue of the stroma," and defines it "as the specialized tissue which arises from the archicarp, and from the beginning encloses the ascigerous cen- trum." It is also stated that the ostiole in a true perithecium is schizogenous in origin, while in the locule it is lysigenous (1928:194). Whatever the actual facts are in the case, in order to determine them conclusively and make them available for practical taxonomic purposes, further investigation embracing many more genera and species is imperative. Insertion The position of the ascocarp, stroma or pycnidium with reference to the tissues of the host, i.e., whether innate or supei-ficial, has long been regarded as a criterion of generic significance, and the distinction has been applied with almost complete consistency to the orders concerned. There has been some further tendency to distinguish erumpent forms, but these present the double difficulty of discriminating between both normal insertions, quite apart from the wide variation in the degree of erumpence itself. Innate insertion is likewise modified by concretion with the epiderm to furnish an additional generic criterion. However, Theissen and Sydow in the Dotliidcalcs (1915) and Hoehnel in the Phacidialcs and the stromoid Fungi Iinpcrfccti have carried this dis- tinction to extremes and have segregated a host of new genera with respect to origin between cuticle and epiderm, between epiderm and mesophyll, or within the latter. The difficulty of determining the facts in many cases and their known invalidity in others prohibit for the present at least the use of such criteria. Still more serious is the fact that the proponents disagree as to the facts in a number of critical cases; for example, Hoehnel states that INTRODUCTION 11 he considers Theissen's Siigniatcaccae, founded upon insertion, to he a blun- der (Ann. Myc. 16:35 1918). In the present key, all the genera that rest upon such a character alone have been restored to their original position. ASCOMA AND PyCNIDIUM The usage with respect to criteria drawn from perithecium and apothe- cium is long-established and fairly satisfactory, a statement that applies almost equally to the pycnidium. This is especially true of texture, structure of the wall, and the presence of ostiole, beak, stalk, and appendages or hairs. Texture may afford a family character, as with the fleshy perithecium of Hypocrcaccae or the gelatinous apothecium of the Bulgariaceae, but as a rule it is generic in value as in the distinction between membranous and car- bonous perithecia or pycnidia. In the case of structure, the radiate scutellum marks the order Microthyrialcs, but within this generic distinctions are often drawn on the kind or degree of such a structure. With regard to the ostiole, presence or absence is usually generic ; however, in the Pcrisporiales absence is characteristic of the order as a whole, while the form of the ostiole sets apart the Lophiostomaceae and Hysteriaceae. In this connection, it should be noted that Petrak has objected to Hoehnel's practice of utilizing the presence or absence of ostiole in Phomalcs for generic segregation on the grounds of great variability in this respect (Ann. Myc. 21 -.272 1923). The presence of a beak, stalk, hairs or appendages has been regularly regarded as a warrant for generic segregation, and this has usually been extended to marked differences in these structures, as for example in the case of an oblique or lateral beak. Furthermore, with respect to hairs, usage has also based distinctions upon the position, and even their color in the case of the apothecium, but their arrangement is highly variable and hence less valid for the perithecium. An exception to this occurs, how- ever in the modified appendages of primitive ascocarps, such as those of the Erysiphaccae. The grouping of perithecia has occasionally been employed for the erec- tion of genera on the cespitose habit, and this though a doubtful character has been utilized for the present. This character is often associated with the presence of a subicle, with respect to which the practice of assigning generic value has been generally accepted. In the Perisporiales and Microthyrialcs, Theissen and Sydow have made much use of the presence or absence of a free mycelium, as well as .its modification by means of hyphopodia and spines, in which they have been followed for the present. In the Discomycetes, the absence of an exciple has been regularly employed as a generic criterion, and this practice has here been followed in essence, though such genera have been combined into a new family, Agyria- ceae. The nature of the exciple has long been recognized as of basic value among the lichens, the proper exciple without algal hosts being like that of the other fungi and hence more primitive, while the thalline exciple with algae is derived. The proper exciple is further distinguished as lecideine 12 GENERA OF FUNGI when black and carbonous, and biatorine when bright-colored. The cellular structure of the exciple, whether parenchymic or prosenchymic, marks the distinction between Mollisiaceae and Helotiaceae, as well as between certain genera elsewhere. Both Hoehnel and Petrak have made use of minor differences in the structure of the wall of perithecium and pycnidium, particularly the number of layers and the character of the cellular pattern, but in the main these must' wait much more extensive and systematic study before they can be adopted. Ascus The criteria derived from the asci are primarily origin, number, oper- culum, number of spores, and reaction to iodin. The method of origin is essentially a family character, as exemplified in the fastigiate or corymbose arrangement in Eurotiaccae as compared with the umbelloid in other Pyrenomycetes, or in the inverted position typical of Trichothyriaceac. The presence of a single ascus in the perithecium is of generic value, but it occurs very rarely, except in the lower families, especially the Erysiphaceac. The so-called monascous hymenium of M icro thy rial es is a wholly different matter and like the arrangement in Myriangiaceae a consequence of other changes. The presence of an operculum or lid is characteristic of the Pczicaccac, Ascoholaceac and Helvcllaccae by contrast with the other fami- lies of the Discomycctcs, but it is not here employed as a basis for ordinal separation, since it is considered to make an unnatural division of the phylum. The number of spores is a criterion long established by usage, though it must be employed with some discretion in the case of lichens particularly, where the variation in general is somewhat greater. It rests primarily upon the overwhelming preponderance of the number 8; 4's and 16's are some- times associated with 8 and in consequence are less dependable than larger or smaller numbers. As a result, the numbers here regarded as warranting segregation are 1-2, 8, 16-32, and the very high numbers designated as myriosporous. Among the lichens, the low numbers sometimes vary within a species or between closely related ones and hence lack validity. The question of the value of the color-test with iodin is still an open one, but it has been employed with so much consistency and convenience by Rehm, that it is continued here, pending more exact information as to its validity. Paraphysis In the present instance, an endeavor has been made to definitize the use of the term paraphysis by restricting it to the Ascomycetes and Pucciniales, and employing pseudoparaphysis for more or less similar structures among the Phomales and elsewhere. By contrast with these, other incidental fili- form features, such as apophysis, periphysis and dendrophysis, etc., are considered to have no particular diagnostic importance for genera at present. INTRODUCTION 13 Further investigation is necessary to establish their value. Within the Pyrenomycetes, it has proved desirable to take account of the tissue-like bands upon which the Pseudosphaeriaceae were based, and to employ this character under the term paraphysoid as a generic criterion in Sphaeriales especially. However, as Theissen and Sydow have pointed out, there is every possible gradation between these and true paraphyses. While the presence or absence of paraphyses had been employed for a considerable number of genera by Saccardo and others, it remained for Theissen and Sydow to apply it consistently in their several monographs (1915, 1917). This widespread application has been criticized by one or two mycologists, but it seems to be justified by the earlier practice and has been adopted here. The objection that its real significance is unknown may be raised against most criteria. The branching of the paraphysis has usually been regarded as a character of generic significance, as well as special modifications of note, and the formation of a definite epithecium by the tips has likewise been employed. Genera There is a difference of opinion among taxonomists as to whether a genus is an objective entity consisting of a group of species of living organ- isms differing from other groups of species by distinctive and more or less fixed morphological characters, or whether it is primarily a mental concept of the taxonomist which has no real objective existence as a separate group. In the present state of our knowledge, most fungus genera are to be regarded as tentative concepts, still to be verified or modified by further study and comparison of the species involved, in conformity with accepted practice. It has been fairly well demonstrated in some cases, however, that there are groups of species which differ from other related groups by distinct morpho- logical characters. Such groups may vary greatly in the number of their constituent species and in the number and importance of the different char- acters involved. In many cases from lack of adequate material and our imperfect knowledge of the species known, and of those perhaps not yet dis- covered, our generic concepts can not be verified at present. The segrega- tion of genera should therefore in the present state of our knowledge be done with conservatism and caution and serious consideration should be given to the practical as well as the scientific aspects of the subject. The publication of new genera based upon inadequate study, on scanty or imper- fect specimens or cultures or characters of unknown value or stability can only add to the present confusion and result in impeding the progress of systematic mycology. It is manifestly impossible for any individual to become critically familiar with the thousands of genera that have been proposed, even if authentic material of all were available. It should be clearly recognized therefore that the present book is largely a compilation based upon a careful 14 GENERA OF FUNGI study of the principal literature of the subject and the critical work of recent mycologists, and the revisionists in particular, as well as upon some forty years of mycological experience on the part of the authors. An attempt is made here to account for all the genera of fungi, with the excep- tion of a very large number of older and generally accepted synonyms. All new genera published since the first edition are included so far as known either as valid names, synonyms or dubia, but for the reasons given earlier, some omissions are unavoidable. In some instances, names have been pro- posed with the promise of future diagnosis, and in others, names adequately published have completely dropped from sight in later treatments without the slightest mention. In this connection the statement made by Fries in 1849 that "A single long-known and well-developed species correctly observed through all its stages is of more value than a new genus" is in even greater need of being emphasized now than it was in his day. A thorough study of the older genera and species, most of which are still imperfectly known, would contribute more to the advancement of mycology than the continued increase of doubtful new ones. The adoption of well-established criteria for genera has necessarily led to the rejection of a large number of genera proposed during the past two decades. On the other hand a small number of genera are proposed on the basis of criteria generally recognized, in order to render the Key more uni- form and usable. Generic Types Mycological literature is cluttered with numerous genera and species inaccurately or incompletely described, and in many cases not represented by type or authentic specimens. Too often genera have been based upon scanty, immature or worthless material that gave scope to the widest range of inter- pretation. One of the greatest obstacles to the progress of mycology is this mass of names variously applied and interpreted at different times by mycologists. These must be either attached to definitely known species and to particular specimens available for complete description and positive identi- fication, or permanently discarded. Many of these old generic names have already become more or less definitely applied and established by general usage, and they may be fixed in their current application by the selection of well-known species as types. The present use of names has been evolved by gradual changes at the hands of subsequent mycologists, instead of being definitely fixed on the basis of an exact determination of the type of the original author of the name. Hence, the citation of the original author of an old name may have little to do with its present application. In fact, authors themselves have sometimes changed their descriptions, as well as the types of their genera. In order that generic names may be as exact as possible in their appli- cation, it is now generally admitted by taxonomists that they should be fixed by assigning to each a type species, and the recent International Botanical INTRODUCTION 15 Congress held at Cambridge, England, has adopted this plan. To attempt to stabilize many of the early names on the basis of species originally included in them would be impossible, as the type species in some instances are not determinable, and in others the adoption of the original species would lead to such a different application of the names from the present that it would cause much change and confusion. Further discussion of this matter with examples may be found in the paper by Shear on "Mycological Nomencla- ture" (1929). In view of what has just been said, the selection of the type of a genus is of the first importance. In order to avoid change and ensuing confusion as far as practicable, the type species should be chosen from the best known or more important species generally included in the genus at present. In selecting the generic names adopted in the present treatment, general usage has been followed in the case of all important genera, instead of priority of publication. An attempt to follow the method of fixing generic names in all cases by using the first or in fact any one of the species originally included by the first user of the name would result in many changes from the present application of familiar and well-established names and combinations. As a matter of fact, the application of the principle of priority has failed to secure uniformity and stability in botanical nomenclature and if applied strictly to the fungi, this principle would produce a condition approaching chaos (cf. Shear, Science 60:254 1924). Since the application of the generic name depends upon the type species and many genera contain species that are not congeneric, it is desirable to select a type that will cause the least change. This in many cases necessitates the choice of a species not included by the original author of the genus. Otherwise, many names would need to be discarded, as the original species is indetermi- nable or unknown, or applied to a totally different group from the present one. The recently revised International Code recommends this method of fixing generic types, and an international committee of mycologists has been appointed for the purpose of carrying out this plan. It is hoped that most of the types selected here will be found acceptable and generally adopted. The necessary changes can be made in the next edition. Synonyms The synonyms given in the list of types (p. 233) have been obtained in four different ways. The first and most important of these has naturally been by the labors of mycologists as recorded in the more recent literature, in which the revisions of Hoehnel, Theissen, Sydow and Petrak occupy the most conspicuous place. No attempt has been made to duplicate the synonomy already given in the "Sylloge Fungorum" or in Zahlbruckner's monograph of the lichens, but in some of the smaller groups such as the phycomycetes and the rusts and smuts, the synonomy is fairly complete. The assignment of type species has been a second source of synonyms. 16 GENERA OF FUNGI As has been indicated earlier, a considerable number of recently pro- posed genera has been reduced to synonomy on the basis of criteria not regarded as of generic value, such as unequal spore-cells, 3- and 4-celled spores, subcuticular and subepidermal insertion, etc. Finally, a smaller group of what might be called tentative synonyms has been obtained by testing them in the key and finding no essential difference betw^een them and genera already in existence. Further study is required to determine their validity. The genera included in the lists of those of uncertain position or other- wise doubtful have chiefly been so designated by various monographers and especially by the revisionists, while no inconsiderable number have been frankly classed as such by the proposers themselves. Where differences of opinion obtain, certain genera have been listed both as dubia and synonyms ; for the same reason a genus will occasionally be found both in the key and as a synonym. Names and Terms In one of the aphorisms of his "Philosophia Botanica," Linne stated that "Ignorant persons impose absurd names," and with the addition of careless and indifferent as epithets, this remark holds good today. A century later, Lindley embodied much the same conclusion in the following : '/No one who has had experience in the progress of botany as a science can doubt that it has been more impeded in this country by the repulsive appearance of the names it employs than by any other cause whatever" (1853). Clements has discussed various aspects of this problem in considerable detail (1902), and more recently Hall and Clements have suggested a number of guiding principles to improve the situation (1923). In palliation of shortcomings in the matter of names, some botanists have contended that "a name is a name," implying that its character is a matter of complete indifference. When it is fully realized- that the name of a plant may be employed a hundred times to one contact with the plant itself, it is clear that the quality of names is not a matter of little or no conse- quence. While it is not necessarily true that "nomenclatorial and taxonomic incompetence go hand in hand," they are too often associated. Slipshod naming is incompatible with mycological work of the first quality, and no one who places the interests of mycology first can be indifferent to this fact. Moreover, general usage lends further warrant to this contention; the great majority of names maintain a fair standard of excellence and are consistent in their form. In view of the paramount rights of the thou- sands of users of names, it is not too much to ask that each name pro- posed be short, significant, euphonious, and both properly formed and transliterated. In harmony with the above, the regular usage has been followed in the matter of transliteration to render this uniform throughout. Names of more than six syllables have been shortened in such a manner as to preserve their INTRODUCTION 17 identity. Here again the actual number of sesquipedalian names is not large, but such examples as Chaetohasidiella vennicularioidcs, Pseiidopcrisporium erigeronicola, and V erticilliodochiiim tubercidarioides permit no question of the desirability of such abbreviation. Such improvements can properly be made without change of citation, but this has seemed to be impossible in the case of personal hybrids, such as Raciborskiomyces. Both brevity and uniformity have also been promoted by rendering consistent in the shorter form the divergent practices with respect to imparasyllabic neuters in -at, as in Lophiostomaceae, Phomalcs, etc., the doublet, rr, before h, the double ii in personal genitives, etc. The time and energy demanded by the present treatment have been so far in excess of what was anticipated that the original plan of revising the terminology of mycology to render it more consistent and definite has been relinquished for the present. However, a few steps in this direction have been taken by employing Arthur's terms for the rusts, definitizing the use of paraphysis, paraphysoid and pseudoparaphysis, and bringing the terms among lichens into closer harmony with those used in the other fungi. The Dichotomous Key Saccardo long ago emphasized the point that many a fungus must be diligently sought by the tyro in more than one place (Sylloge Fungorum 1 :VI 1882). This is still true today, but an endeavor has been made to mini- mize this difficulty by inserting certain genera in two or even three places in the key. The latter has been made as definite and consistent as possible, and its use facilitated by employing the dichotomous method throughout. It is a much simpler and easier task to construct keys after the pattern of Hoehnel (1923), in which there are regularly several and frequently ten or more choices under one heading, few of them worded in the same terms and almost none of them strictly comparable. In such a key, the user is obliged to do most of the work that the author should have done for him, but under much more difficult conditions. The sequence of criteria in the various families and sections has been as strict as possible. In the Ascomycetes and Phomales in particular, the great majority of genera differ from their immediate neighbors in but one essen- tial, and in consequence both sequence and definition are as a rule exact. On the other hand, as in Phycomycetes and Gasteromycetes, the contrast is usually much less definite and the key necessarily partakes of the same character. However, in both cases the sequence in the key serves as a diagnosis for each genus, and one in which the salient criteria stand out much more clearly than in the usual description with its attention to trivial features. Furthermore, the dichotomous key provides a very useful test of proposed genera, since it renders it impossible to take refuge in vague state- ments as to validity and the differences from related ones. It can be safely said that the number of new genera would be greatly reduced if every author would subject his proposals to the test of such a key. 18 GENERA OF FUNGI Orders and Families The definition and limitation of the orders and famiHes of fungi is necessarily more uncertain than in the case of genera. In consequence, it is inevitable that mycologists should differ widely in their treatment of these groups. This is especially marked in the case of the Ascomycetes, where for example Hoehnel would place the MicrotJiyriaccae and Trichothyriaceac in the Perisporialcs, while Theissen and Sydow include them in their Heiui- sphacrialcs. Such differences usually arise from divergent views as to the importance of criteria and from lack of knowledge of life-histories and comparative morphology. They also spring from the fact that the complex interrelations of many groups permit placing certain genera with about equal propriety in either of two families or orders, as well as from the lack of uniformity in many genera. Thus, Physalospora and Botryosphaeria are by some referred to Sphacriaceae and by others to Dothideaceae, while Mclanospora, in which the type possesses gray membranous perithecia though this is black and subcarbonous in others, may be placed with almost equal warrant in either Hypocrcaccac or Sphacriaceae. In many groups no definite and fixed boundaries exist, and unusual or atypical genera must be sought in more than one place. It is inevitable that the multiplication of genera on insufficient knowl- edge and unreliable characters or on vague and trivial ones, should be reflected in the splitting of long-established orders and families. This rarely represents any new knowledge, nor does it advance the understanding of such groups. It constantly shifts the foundations of mycology to the disad- vantage of practically every one, and constitutes one of the subjective processes unfavorable to the realization of a sound and scientific basis for mycology. To follow a conservative course in the recognition and limita- tion of orders and families seems to us to best serve the purpose of the present book and the interests of its users. The Natural System The system employed in the present book constitutes an endeavor to approximate the natural system in several respects. It appears obvious that there is but one natural system and equally evident that any approach to it is the result of the work of many minds. Hence, in spite of its convenience for reference, it is more or less inexact to give the name of an individual to any particular arrangement. Phylogeny still labors under the handicap of being regarded by many as a labyrinth of personal opinions, and until it is generally recognized that it affords an inviting field for experiment and investigation quite as much as any other, no great progress in it can be expected. At present, considerations of space permit reference to but two or three basic principles that have been observed in the arrangement of orders and families. The first of these is that the fungus is a physiological adjustment to INTRODUCTION 19 the environment and that in consequence fungi are to be found in every major division of the plant kingdom ; though rare among mosses and ferns, they are far from uncommon in the flowering plants. From this is derived the second principle that the fungi do not constitute a natural group, and that all the phyletic lines lead sooner or later to holophytic origins. Mycologists, like lichenologists, are specialists and have been fond of thinking of the auton- omy of the fungi as something inherent, and they have not infrequently resorted to the most ingenious and specious arguments to support such opinions. From the objective point of view, the autonomy of the fungi rests on grounds no better than that of the lichens, and they were distributed phyletically in the first edition (1909), a treatment long accorded the hysterophytic flowering plants and more recently the lichens (Clements 1896, 1903). The third principle is that the ecological approach to the morphology and development of the fungi constitutes the best attack upon their evolution and phylogeny. This is primarily because of its inclusive character, nothing that can affect the organism being left out of account, but largely also because it focuses attention upon the three essential processes of spore pro- duction, spore protection, and spore distribution. The claimsof cytology to be the final arbiter of questions of origin and relationship among the fungi have been much advanced of late, but this can only play a part rather than assume the paramount role in this field. Quite apart from the fact that its viewpoint is necessarily restricted is the further consideration that no other approach is so beset with the bypaths of interpretation. The task of tracing the phyletic development of the fungi is one to demand all the resources of investigation, chief among which must be experiment on the largest and broadest scale possible, in both field and laboratory. System of Classification PHYCOMYCETES Order 1. Protococcales Plasmodiophoraceae Family 1. Olpidiaceae 2. Synchytriaceae Protomycetaceae 3. Chytridiaceae Order 2. Spirogyrales (Zygomycetes) Family 4. Mucoraceae 5. Endogonaceae 6. Empusaceae 7. Ascoideaceae Order 3. Vaucheriales (Oomycetes) Family 8. Saprolegniaceae 9. Ancylistaceae 10. Peronosporaceae Order 4. Confervales Family Ha. Blastocladiaceae lib. Monoblepharidaceae ASCOMYCETES Order 5. Laboulbeniales Family 12. Peyritschiellaceae 13. Laboulbeniaceae 14. Ceratomyretaceae Order 6. Gymnascales Family IS. Endomycetaceae 16. Saccharomycetaceae 17. Monascaceae 18. Gymnascaceae Order 7. Perisporiales Family 19. Eurotiaceae 20. Erysiphaceae 21. Perisporiaceae 22. Englerulaceae 23. Capnodiaceae 24. Trichothyriaceae 25. Coryneliaceae Order 8. Sphaeriales Family 26. Sphaeriaceae 27. Hypocreaceae 28. Lophiostoniaceae 29. Cyttariaceae 30. Verrucariaceae Order 9. Dothideales Family 31. Dothideaccae 32. Myriangiaceae 33. Mycoporaceae Order 10. Microthyriales Family 34. Polystomellaceae 35. Microthyriaceae 36. Micropeltaceae Order 11. Phacidiales Family 37. Hysteriaceae 38. Graphidaceae 39. Phacidiaceae 40. Stictidaceae 41. Tryblidiaceae Order 12. Pezizales Family 42. Dermateaceae 43. Bulgariaceae 44. Patellariaceae 45. Caliciaceae 46. Chrysotrichaceae 47. Collemaceae 48. Peltigeraceae 49. Lecideaceae 50. Cladoniaceae 51. Parmeliaceae 52. Physciaceae 53. Mollisiaceae 54. Helotiaceae 55. Pezizaceae 56. Helvellaceae 57. Ascobolaceae Order 13. Agyriales Family 58. Agyriaceae 59. Exascaceae 20 SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION 21 Order 14. Tuberales Family 60. Onygenaceae 61. Elaphomycetaceac 62. Tuberaceae PROMYCETES Order 15. Pucciniales Family 63. Pucciniaceae 64. Melampsoraceae Order 16. Ustilaginales Family 65. Ustilaginaceac 66. Tilletiaceae Graphiolaceae BASIDIOMYCETES Order 17. Tremellales Family 67. Auriculariaceae 68. Tremellaceae 69. Dacryomycetaceae Order 18. Agaricales Family 70. Hypochnaceac 71. Thelephoraceae 12. Clavariaceae 11. Hydnaceae 74. Polyporaccae 75. Agaricaceae Order 19. Lycoperdales Family 76. Phallaceae n. Lycoperdaceac 78. Hymenogastraceae 79. Nidulariaceae DEUTEROMYCETES (Fungi Imperfecti) Order 20. Phomales Family 80. Phomaceae 81. Zythiaceae 82. Leptostromaceae 83. Discellaceae Order 21. Melanconiales Family 84. Melanconiaceae Order 22. Moniliales Family 85. Moniliaceae 86. Dematiaceae 87. Tuberculariaceae 88. Stilbaceae Dermophyta Sterile Mycelia Pseudosaccharomycetes List of Key Initials To facilitate reference to books in which specific keys or descriptions are found, references are given after nearly all the genera in the Key. The exceptions are furnished by genera published too recently as a rule to find their way into the various compendia; these may be located by means of the references given in the List of Types and Synonyms (p. 233). The first number after the genus regularly refers to the volume and page of Saccardo's "Sylloge Fungorum" (24 volumes and Addenda). The other references are preceded by an initial, except in families where the initial is given under the name of the family. The following list will serve to identify the authors concerned, while the bibliography will supply the titles. c Clements D Dietel F Fitzpatrick ( rhyconiycclcs) F Fischer (Tubcrales, Gasteroniycctcs) H Hoehnel K Killermann L Lindau R Rehm S Schroeter T Thaxter TS Theissen & Sydow Z Zahlbruckner General Key to Families A. Hyphal filaments 1-cclIed, very rarely septate, largely aquatic; propagation by zoospores, co- nidia or both; sex-cells often present, producing resting-spores B. Hyphal filaments septate, rarely aquatic; propa- gation by conidia; sex-cells usually absent 1. Spores borne in asci or on tru(:; basidia a. Spores borne in asci b. Spores borne on true basidia 2. Asci or basidia lacking a. Spores stalked, sessile or internal but not borne on conidiophores, producing a pro- mycelium on germination; conidia often present in the form of aecia or uredia b. Conidia alone present, borne on conidiophores of various form, often contained in pycnidia Phycomycetes p. 23, 30 Ascomycetes p. 24, 42 Basidiomycetes p. 28, 157 Promycetes p. 28, 147 Deuteromycetes p. 29, 175 PHYCOMYCETES A. Mycelium lacking or scanty and consisting of a few delicate hyphae; propagation by amoeboid cells and spores or by sporangia and zoospores; sex-cells rare 1. Mycelium lacking a. Cells typically amoeboid b. Cells not amoeboid (1) Sporangia separate or grouped, but with- out a soral membrane (2) Sporangia typically enclosed in a soral membrane 2. Mycelium scanty, hyphae typically few and delicate B. Mycelium present, typically well-developed and ramose; propagation by zoospores or conidia; sex-cells usually present 1. Typically aquatic fungi propagating by zoo- spores a. Mycelium mostly well-developed (1) Antheridial tube touching or penetrating the oogone (2) Antherids producing ciliate antherozoids (a) Hyphae much branched; reproduction by isogametes (b) Hyphae mostly simple; reproduction by heterogametes 23 Plasmodiophoraceae p. 30 Olpidiaceae p. 30 Synchytriaceae p. 31 Chytridiaceae p. 32 Saprolegniaceae p. 38 Blastocladiaceae p. 40 Monoblepharidaceae p. 41 24 GENERA OF FUNGI b. Mycelium short, tubular, mostly or entirely developing into sex-cells Typically aerial fungi propagating by conidia a. Conidia typically in globose to cylindric spo- rangia or sporocarps (1) Conidia endogenous, or rarely exogenous (a) Conidia typically in stalked sporangia, rarely on conidiophores (b) Conidia in sessile sporocarps, often with chlamydospores or the latter alone present (2) Conidia exogenous on conidiophores and endogenous in sporangia b. Conidia single, rarely in chains, on the tips of simple or branched conidiophores (1) Conidiophores simple; zygosporous; large- ly entomogenous (2) Conidiophores typically ramose, or co- nidia in chains; oosporous; typically parasites on leaves and stems Ancylistaceae p. 39 Mucoraceae p. 34 Endogonaceae p. 36 Ascoideaceae p. 37 Empusaceae p. 37 Peronosporaceae p. 40 ASCOMYCETES A. Asci completely or partly enclosed in a definite pericarp which opens variously at maturity 1. Pericarp with a distinct wall, mostly with a regular opening at maturity a. Asci borne in perithecia, which are often re- duced to locules in a stroma (1) Perithecia one to many on a receptacle; sex-organs present; typically on insects (2) Perithecia not on a receptacle; sex-organs regularly lacking; rarely on insects (a) Ostiole and paraphyses usually lacking X. Asci borne on branched hyphae, hence irregularly disposed or in corymboid clusters y. Asci in a basal umbel or parietal layer, or sometimes solitary (x) Aerial mycelium typically present; no crumpent stroma m. Aerial mycelium white; appendages present and usually modified n. Aerial mycelium dark, sometimes lacking; appendages usually absent (m) Perithecia not radiate; asci basal r. Hyphae not slimy, straight- walled; perithecia parenchymic, the cells polygonal, not slimy s. Hyphae straight-walled; perithe- cia dissolving in slime as they mature Laboulbeniales p. 42 Perisporiales p. 49 Eurotiaceae p. 50 Erysiphaceae p. 52 Perisporiaceae p. 53 Englerulaceae p. 55 GENERAL KEY TO FAMILIES 25 t. Hyphae constricted or dcmatioid, or in slimy skeins wlien straight-walled; perithecia of rounded cells or agglutinate straight-walled meridian hyphae (n) Perithecia radiate; asci hanging from the apparent tip (y) Aerial mycelium lacking; perithecia borne on an innate-erumpent stroma, elongate (b) Ostiole regularly present X. Perithecial wall distinct; perithecia sepa- rate or in a stroma (x) Perithecia net parasitic on algae, without a thallus m. Perithecia dark, membranous to car- bonous (m) Ostiole papillate or conical, round, not compressed (n) Ostiole broad and compressed, the opening linear n. Perithecia bright-colored, rarely whitish, fleshy (y) Perithecia parasitic on algae, typi- cally with a thallus (z) Asco! .ata at first perithecioid, then cupaloid, in a ramose or alveolate stroma y. Perithecial wall indefinite or lacking; perithecia reduced to locules in a stroma (x) Perithecia not parasitic on algae, without a thallus m. Locules distinct, perithecium-like, typically ostiolate, with many asci and usually with paraphyses n. Locules mere hollows filled by single asci and separated by stromal tis- sue or rarely by paraphysoids (y) Perithecia parasitic on algae, typi- cally with a thallus b. Asci borne in hysterothecia or dimidiate as- comata (1) Asci borne in hysterothecia, the ostiole cleftlike or sometimes stellate (a) Not parasitic on algae, thallus lacking (b) Parasitic on algae, thallus present (2) Asci borne in dimidiate ascomata with a scutellum radiate in whole or in part as a rule (a) Scutellum radiate x. Apothecia or hypostroma innate or erumpent y. Apothecia superficial, hypostroma none Capnodiaceae p. 56 Trichothyriaceae p. 58 Coryneliaceae p. 58 Sphaeriales p. 58 Sphaeriaceae p. 59 Lophiostomaceae p. 82 Hypocreaceae p. 76 Verrucariaceae 84 Cyttariaceae p. 83 Dothideales p. 88 Dothideaceae p. 89 Myriangiaceae p. 92 Mycoporaceae p. 94 Hysteriaceae p. 102 Graphidaceae p. 104 Polystomellaceae p. 95 Microthyriaceae p. 98 26 GENERA OF FUNGI (b) Scutellum radiate only at margin or not at all c. Asci borne in apothecia (1) Apothecia not parasitic on algae, thallus lacking (a) Apothecia sunken, then erumpent, usu- ally opening by lobes, sometimes by a cleft X. Apothecia dark to black (x) Hypothecium thin (y) Hypothecium thick y. Apothecia light-colored, mostly white (b) Apothecia typically superficial, opening circularly, sometimes erumpent, as in the first family X. Apothecia typically innate-erumpent, leathery or horny, brown or black y. Apothecia typically superficial (x) Asci disappearing early; spores and paraphyses forming a mazaedium (y) Asci persistent; mazaedium lacking m. Apothecia gelatinous n. Apothecia not gelatinous (m) Apothecia usually dark, carbonous to leathery, rarely waxy (n) Apothecia usually bright-colored, waxy to fleshy r. Apothecia typically waxy, on plants (r) Exciple dark, parenchymic all over or at the base; mostly sessile (s) Exciple concolorous, rarely dark, prosenchymic; mostly stalked s. Apothecia typically fleshy, usu- ally terricole, sometimes fimi- cole (r) Apothecia closed at first, then open, cupulate to discoid, rarely ear-shaped h. Apothecia usually terricole, medium to large; asci mostly cylindric, not ex- serted i. Apothecia usually fimicole, small; asci broad, exserted from disk at maturity (s) Apothecia open from the first, stalked, saddle-shaped to pileate or clavate, terricole as a rule (2) Apothecia parasitic on algae, thallus typi- cally well-developed Micropeltaceae p. 100 Phacidiales p. 102 Phacidiaceae p. 107 Tryblidiaceae p. Ill Stictidaceae p. 109 Pezizales p. 112 Dermateaceae p. 114 Caliciaceae p. 119 Bulgariaceae p. 115 Patellariaceae p. 117 Mollisiaceae p. 133 Helotiaceae p. 134 Pezizaceae p. 137 Ascobolaceae p. 140 Helvellaceae p. 139 GENERAL KEY TO FAMILIES 27 (a) Asci disappearing early; disk with a mazaedium (b) Asci persistent; mazaedium lacking X. Thallus cottony, cobwebby or spongy; algae yellow-green y. Thallus more or less distinctly gelati- nous; algae blue-green z. Thallus firm, layered, neither cottony nor gelatinous (x) Thallus of two kinds, one horizontal, the other erect, i. e., a podetium (y) Thallus of one kind only, horizon- tal or erect m. Spores typically 2-celled and bigut- tulate, with a thickened septum, usually traversed by a narrow canal n. Spores without thickened septum and intersecting canal* (m) Apothecia sunken or grown to the thallus on the whole under- side (n) Apothecia typically superficial when mature, not attached broadly r. Apothecia with proper exciple s. Apothecia with thalline exciple 2. Pericarp without definite opening, merely breaking irregularly or decaying at maturity; mostly hypogean a. Ascoma not hypogean, opening more or less regularly; gleba typically with capillitium b. Ascoma hypogean, not opening spontaneously (1) Gleba powdery, usually with capillitium (2) Gleba firm, loculate, lacunose or veined, without capillitium B. Asci exposed or with a loose hyphal pericarp 1. Asci solitary or in irregular masses a. Asci solitary, on or in mycelial threads, naked or with an individual hyphal wall (1) Asci naked (a) Asci terminal or lateral on a branched septate mycelium (b) Asci intercalary or continuous in a short budding mycelium (2) Asci with an individual hyphal wall, ter- minal on the branches of a septate mycelium b. Asci in masses, enclosed by a loose hyphal peridium, the latter sometimes sclerotioid 2. Asci forming a hymenium-like layer a. Paraphyses and hypothecium present, or one or the other occasional!)' lacking b. Paraphyses and hypothecium both lacking Caliciaceae p. 119 Chrysotrichaceae p. 120 Collemaceae p. 121 Cladoniaceae p. 126 Physciaceae p. 132 Peltigeraceae p. 123 Lecideaceae p. 124 Parmeliaceae p. 127 Tuberales p. 144 Onygenaceae p. 144 Elaphomycetaceae p. 145 Tuberaceae p. 145 Gymnascales p. 45 Endomycetaceae p. 46 Saccharomycetaceae p. 47 Monascaceae p. 48 Gymnascaceae p. 48 Agyriales p. 141 Agyriaceae p. 142 Exascaceae p. 143 28 GENERA OF FUNGI PROMYCETES A. Spores produced externally as teliospores; aecia and uredia usually present 1. Teliospores typically single and stipitate, some- times united in a gelatinous mass or a definite body, or more or less fused in series 2. Teliospores sessile, combined in flat crusts, pulvinate masses, or columnar forms, occa- sionally arising within the epidermal cells or in the mesophyll B. Spores produced internally in hyphae that dis- appear to form a more or less powdery spore- mass 1. Promycelium septate transversely, bearing spo- ridioles 2. Promycelium simple, bearing a crown of whorled conidia Pucciniales p. 147 Pucciniaceae p. 147 Melampsoraceae p. 153 Ustilaginales p. 154 Ustilaginaceae p. 154 Tilletiaceae p. 155 BASIDIOMYCETES A. Hymenium exposed at maturity, variously modi- fied 1. Basidia septate or cylindric-clavate and 2-spored a. Basidia septate (1) Basidia transversely septate, elongate- cylindric; sterigmata lateral (2) Basidia vertically or cruciately 2-4-divided; sterigmata terminal, usually subulate b. Basidia cylindric-clavate, not septate, with 2 blunt terminal stecigmata 2. Basidia not septate, typically 4-spored a. Pileus byssoid or lacking b. Pileus present, firm, crustose to cap-like (1) Hymenium smootii, or merely warted or wrinkled (a) Pileus resupinate, dimidiate, cupulate or funnel-form, typically leathery or membranous (b) Pileus typically clavate, filiform or coral- loid, and fleshy (2) Hymenium modified into teeth, tubes or gills (a) Hymenium of teeth or tooth-like gran- ules (b) Hymenium of tubes or pores (c) Hymenium of gills or rarely of gill-like veins Definite hymenium lacking; spore-mass or gleba gelatinous, powdery or saccate, typically en- closed in a peridium, sometimes elevated at maturity 1. Gleba more or less gelatinous, enclosed at first in a volva, then raised on a receptacle, the latter usually stalked B Tremellales p. 157 Auriculariaceae p. 157 Tremellaceae p. 158 Dacryomycetaceae p. 159 Agaricales p. 159 Hypochnaceae p. 160 Thelephoraceae p. 160 Clavariaceae p. 162 Hydnaceae p. 162 Polyporaceae p. 163 Agaricaceae p. 164 Lycoperdales p. 168 Phallaceae p. 169 GENERAL KEY TO FAMILIES 29 , Gleba firm or powdery, rarely gelatinous, with- out volva or receptacle but enclosed in a peridium a. Peridium epigean (1) Gleba typically powdery or cellular, en- closed in a peridium opening by a defi- nite mouth or irregularly (2) Gleba enclosed in seed-like peridioles borne in a globoid to funnelform peridium b. Peridium hypogean, regularly closed Lycoperdaceae p. 170 Nidulariaceae p. 173 Hymenogastraceae p. 172 DEUTEROMYCETES (Fungi Imperfecti) A. Conidia present 1. Conidia in globoid, cupuloid or hysterioid pycnidia a. Pycnidia perithecium-like, typically globoid, ostiolate or astomous (1) Pycnidia brown to black, membranous to carbonous (2) Pycnidia bright-colored or hyaline, fleshy, sometimes gelatinous or waxy b. Pycnidia dimidiate and usually more or less distinctly radiate, rarely hysterioid c. Pycnidia apothecium-like or hysterioid, cupu- late to discoid, opening circularly or less often by a cleft or lobes, dark and subcar- bonous to bright-colored and fleshy 2. Conidia not in pycnidia a. Hyphae short or obsolete, borne on a more or less parenchymoid stroma b. Hyphae not on a stroma, typically well-de- veloped, but sometimes short or even lack- ing (1) Hyphae in more or less loose cottony masses (a) Hyphae and conidia hyaline or bright- colored (b) Hyphae and conidia both typically dark, or one or the other dark (2) Hyphae compacted to form a globose to cylindric spore-body which is often stalked (a) Spore-body typically sessile, globose to pulvinate or applanate, i. e., a sporo- dochium (b) Spore-body stalked, capitate to cyl- indric, i. e., a synnema B. Conidia lacking C. Conidia present but criteria indefinite; parasites on human skin Phomales p. 175 Phomaceae p. 176 Zythiaceae p. 186 Leptostromaceae p. 189 Discellaceae p. 192 Melanconiales p. 196 Moniliales p. 200 Moniliaceae p. 201 Dematiaceae p. 209 Tuberculariaceae p. 219 Stilbaceae p. 227 Sterile Mycelia p. 231 Pseudosaccharomycetes p. 411 Dermophyta p. 231 Key to the Genera PHYCOMYCETES Order 1. PROTOCOCCALES Typically 1-celled yellow-green algae, propagating by fission and frequently also by the formation of zoospores; sexual reproduction usually lacking; three fungous families. Key to Families A. Mycelium lacking 1. Cells typically amoeboid Plasmodiophoraceae p. 30 2. Cells not amoeboid a. Sporangia separate or grouped, but without a soral membrane Olpidiaceae p. 30 b. Sporangia typically enclosed in a soral mem- brane Synchytriaceae p. 31 B. Mycelium present, hyphae typically few and deli- cate Chytridiaceae p. 32 PLASMODIOPHORACEAE Fitzpatrick 48 Mycelium none; cells consisting of naked more or less amoeboid protoplasts forming single sporangia which produce 1-8 amoeboid or rarely 1-ciliate spores; parasites in plant tissues, frequently causing hypertrophy of the host; closely related to the Mycetozoa and perhaps best regarded as parasitic slime-molds; included here only for convenience. A. Spores separate in the host-cells at maturity B. Spores remaining united at maturity 1. Spores united in twos or fours 2. Spores united in larger numbers a. Spores forming a more or less globose hollow body b. Spore-masses forming 2-layered plates, some- times with a small cavity c. Spore-mass sponge-like in structure Plasmodiophora 7:464, F 55 Tetramyxa 7:464, F 59 Sorosphaera 7:446, F 60 Sorodiscus F 63 Spongospora F 64 Family 1. OLPIDIACEAE Fitzpatrick 71; Minden 227 Mycelium lacking; cells endobiotic, globose, elliptic or rarely clavoid, typically forming a simple zoosporangium, or a resting sporangium that produces zoospores after a period of rest, or sometimes fragmenting to yield a number of sporangia; zoospores 1- or 2-ciliate 30 SYNCHYTRIACEAE 31 Subfamily Olpidiae Zoospores posteriorly 1-ciliate A. Sporangia free in the host-cell 1. Sporangia globoid a. Sporangia opening by 1-x tubes or by a pore (1) Resting spore with 1-x companion-cells; in Spirogyraceae (2) Resting spore without companion-cells b. Sporangia opening by many more or less radiate tubes 2. Sporangia ellipsoid to fusoid or tubular a. Sporangia ellipsoid to fusoid, opening at one or both ends by a pore or papilla; in Protozoa b. Sporangia tubular; tubes many, short, in 1-2 rows; in Bacillariaceae B. Sporangia fixed in host-cell, the walls appressed or fused 1. Sporangial wall appressed to that of host-cell; in algae (Oedogonium) 2. Sporangial wall completely fused with that of host-cell; in Phycomycetes Pseudolpidiopsis 76 Olpidium 73; plate 1 Pleotrachelus 78 Sphaerita 72 Ectrogella 77 Plasmophagus 79 Pleolpidium 78 Subfamily Woroninae Zoospores laterally biciliate; regularly in Saprolegniaceae A. Sporangia short-cylindric, seriate, filling the host hypha B. Sporangia globose to saccoid, not seriate 1. Sporangia 1-x, separate a. Resting spore with 1-x companion-cells b. Resting spore without companion-cells 2. Sporangia many, forming a more or less defi- nite sorus Rozella 68 Diplophysa 67; 1 Olpidiopsis 67 Woronina 69 Family 2. SYNCHYTRIACEAE Fitzpatrick 80; Minden 278 Mycelium lacking; cells endobiotic in higher plants, producing galls, early de- veloping a membrane, finally becoming a resting sporangium or dividing to form a sorus of sporangia enclosed in a membrane; zoospores posteriorly 1-ciliate. (^ne genus Synchytrium 80; 1 Addendum. Protomycetaceae Mycelium scanty, of delicate septate branching intercellular hyphae bearing terminal or intercalary unicellular chlamydospores which finally germinate, pro- ducing numerous small simple non-motile spores in the endospore, which is expelled in the form of a globose or cylindric sack, the latter bursting at maturity to free the spores; parasites on higher plants. A. Chlamydospores formed irregularly in the sub- epidermal tissues 1. Chlamydospores smooth Protomyces 7:319, F 305 32 PROTOCOCCALES 2. Chlamydospores verrucose B. Chlamydospores forming a beneath the epidermis continuous layer Protomycopsis F 306 Taphridium 18:203, F 306 Family 3. CHYTRIDIACEAE Fitzpatrick 88, 100; Minden 209 Mycelium present, consisting typically of short delicate more or less branched hyphae, endoph\tic or epiphytic; sporangia single and terminal or several and inter- calary, often with a sterile swollen cell at base; resting spores similar; zoospores 1-ciliate. The limits of genera are even more indefinite in this family than in the order as a whole. This arises partly from the great difficulty of investigating adequately forms of such transitory nature and relatively infrequent occurrence. It seems probable that it is caused even more by an exceptional degree of plasticity, in nature but also especially in culture, arising from the hypertrophy due to an intense para- sitism. These difficulties have been appreciated by Fitzpatrick in particular and his treatment has been adopted in the following key, except for a few minor details. Subfamily Chytridiae Mycelium usually confined to one or two cell single sporangium A. Mycelium wholly intramatrical 1. Sporangia epibiotic a. Mycelium consisting of delicate more or less branching threads (1) Resting spores intramatrical; on Pan- dorina (2) Resting spores epibiotic or lacking (a) Mycelium usually monophagous; resting spore producing zoospores X. Sporangia with a basal vesicle (x) Sporangia with extramatrical stalk m. Sporangia with a solid apical spine, in open connection with stalk; saprophytes n. Sporangia without apical spine, a septum between it and the stalk; in Pinnularia (y) Sporangia without extramatrical stalk m. Orifice apical (m) Sporangia opening by a lid; in Cylindrocystis (n) Sporangia without a lid r. Sporangia emitting a vesicle in which the zoospores are formed s. Sporangia with internal forma- tion of zoospores (r) Zoospores escaping normally; typically algicole s of the host, bearing a Dangeardia 96 Obelidium 92 Podochytrium 92 Zygorhizidium 93 Rhizidiomyces 93 Phlyctochytrium 94; 1 CHYTRIDIACEAE 33 (s) Zoospores encysting at ori- fice; in pollen-grains of Typha n. Orifice basal or subbasal (m) Sporangia spiny (n) Sporangia smooth r. Hyphae drawn out to extremely slender tips s. Hyphae more or less tubular y. Sporangia without a basal vesicle (b) Mycelium often polyphagous; resting spore serving as a prosporangium, the zoospores forming in the extruded endospore b. Mycelium not consisting of delicate threads (1) Mycelium a delicate stalk with disk-like tip applied to or formed in the wall of host; sporangia long, fusiform, pro- liferating; algicole (2) Mycelium without such a disk (a) Resting spores endobiotic, germinating to form an epibiotic sporangium; mycelium a short broad tube; algicole (b) Resting spores epibiotic, germinating by zoospores X. Sporangia extruding a vesicle in which the zoospores develop; mycelium a lobed haustorium; in Euglena y. Sporangia not extruding a vesicle; mycelium a filiform or inflated haus- torium 2. Sporangia and resting spores intramatrical, formed from a swelling at the tip of the germ- tube of the zoospore a. Sporangia with a basal vesicle; resting spore spiny; in Characeae b. Sporangia without basal vesicle; resting spore smooth; algicole B. Mycelium intramatrical only at the tips, polyph- agous, parasitic 1. Individual functioning as a sporangium or rest- ing spore a. Sporangia with a definite orifice; algicole b. Sporangia without orifice, the wall breaking to emit the zoospores in a rotating sphere; in Hormotheca 2. Individual functioning as a prosporangium, ex- truding a vesicle in which the zoospores are formed; resting spores produced by copula- tion a. Zoospores ciliate, escaping before germina- tion; in Euglena and Chlamydomonas b. Zoospores not ciliate, germinating in the sporangia; on Draparnaldia Achlyella 94 Asterophlyctis 94 Rhizoclosmatium 94 Siphonaria 95 Rhizophidium 91; 1 Rhizidium 96; 1 Harpochytrium 96 Chytridium 96; 1 Saccomyces p. 98 Phlyctidium 98 Diplophlyctis 98 Entophlyctis 98 Rhizophlyctis 99 Nowakowskia 99 Polyphagus 100; 1 Sporophlyctis 100 34 SPIROGYRALES Subfamily Cladochytriae Mycelium wide-spreading, developing terminal and intercalary enlargements, transformed wholly or partly into sporangia or resting spores; genera for the most part poorly defined. A. Zoospores amoeboid, not ciliate; on Chaetophora Amoebochytrium 101 B. Zoospores ciliate, not amoeboid 1. Sporangia present, terminal or intercalary, formed from enlargements of the mycelium; resting spores rare or absent a. Sporangia with a lid, proliferating b. Sporangia without a lid, not proliferating (1) Mycelium of rather broad cylindric threads; sporangia developed from fusi- form swellings and separated by short cylindric cells (2) Mycelium of extremely delicate ramose threads; swellings globose or irregular Cladochytrium 102 2. Sporangia rare, when present epibiotic and de- veloping directly from the zoospore; resting spores present and abundant Physoderma 103; 1 Nowakowskiella 101 Catenaria 101 Order 2. SPIROGYRALES Typically 1-celled or filamentous yellow-green algae without zoospores; sexual reproduction by the conjugation of non-motile usually equal gametes; four fungous families. Key to Families A. Fructification by means of sporangia and zygo- spores or one of the two 1. Conidia endogenous in globoid to cylindric sporangia, rarely exogenous 2. Conidia exogenous, single on clavate conidio- phores; largely entomophilous 3. Conidia exogenous on cylindric conidiophores and endogenous in elongate sporangia B. Fructification by means of a definite sporo- carp containing zygospores, azygospores or sporangia Mucoraceae p. 34 Empusaceae p. 37 Ascoideaceae p. 37 Endogonaceae p. 36 Family 4. MUCORACEAE Schroeter 119; Fitzpatrick 234 Saprophytes, rarely parasites, with a well-developed branching mycelium in which septa are lacking; propagation by spores (conidia) arising within sporangia, the latter apparently reduced to chains of conidia in one subfamily; reproduction by the fusion of the end-cells or gametes of conjugating tubes; zygospores naked or surrounded by filaments or a weft of hyphae. Key to Subfamilies A. Sporangia present 1. Columella present a. Wall of sporangium uniform, not cutinizcd, diffluent (1) Sporangioles or conidia present Choanophorae p. (2) Sporangioles and conidia lacking as a rule Mucorae p. MUCORACEAE 35 b. Wall of sporangium cutinized and persistent above, thin and diffluent below Pilobolae p. 2. Columella lacking; zygospore in a dense weft of hyphae Mortierellae p. B. Conidia present in chains or clusters; represent- ing sporangia 1. Conidia in chains; zygospores arising usually from an outgrowth of the fused gametes Syncephalidae p. 2. Conidia in clusters on spinose conidiophores; zygospores arising directly from the fused gametes Chaetocladiae p. Subfamily Mucorae A. Sporangia of one kind 1. Sporangiophore repeatedly dichotomous Sporodinia 7:206; S 127, F 247 2. Sporangiophore simple or branched but not repeatedly dichotomous a. Suspensors of the zygospore with spinose appendages at maturity (1) Appendages spreading Phycomyces 7:204; S 126, F 248; 2 (2) Appendages loosely enclosing the zygo- spore Absidia 7:214; S 126, F 244 b. Suspensors without appendages at maturity (1) Aerial mycelium present (a) Aerial mycelium stoloniferous Rhizopus 7:212; S 125, F 245 (b) Aerial mycelium with many short spinose branches Spinellus 7:205; S 125, F 246 (2) Aerial mycelium lacking (a) Sporangia single, terminal Mucor 7:190; S 124, F 250; 2 (b) Sporangia clustered, lateral X. Sporangia globoid; columella cylindric to conic Circinella 7:il5, S 125, F 244 y. Sporangia piriform; columella hour- glass-like Pirella 7:216; S 125, F 243 B. Sporangia of two kinds, primary and secondary 1. Both kinds of sporangia with columella Dicranophora 11:240; S 128, F 254 2, Primary sporangia with, secondary without columella Thamnidium 7:211; S 127, F 256; 2 Subfamily Pilobolae A. Sporangia seated on a large vesicle, thrown off at maturity Pilobolus 7:184; S 129, F 251; 2 B. Sporangia not on a vesicle and not thrown off at maturity Pilaira 7:184; S 129, F 253 Subfamily Mortierellae A. Sporangia present 1. Sporangia arising directly from normal hyphae la. Sporangiophores erect, branches long-atten- uate Mortierella 7:220; S 130, F 265; 2 36 SPIROGYRALES b. Sporangiophores creeping, branches terete Herpocladium 7:225; S 130, F 268 2. Sporangia arising from a stout creeping hypha as buds behind the tip Dissophora F 268 B. Sporangia represented by 1-2-spored sporangioles borne terminally and sometimes laterally also on short branches from fertile intercalary seg- ments of the mycelium Haplosporangium F 268 Subfamily Choanophorae A. Sporangia present, together with sporangioles or conidia 1. Sporangioles present, conidia lacking; spores striate lengthwise Blakeslea F 259 2. Conidia present, sporangioles lacking; conidia striate lengthwise Choanophora F 261; 2 B. Sporangia and sporangioles lacking; conidia pres- ent, echinulate Cunninghamella F 263 Subfamily Syncephalidae A. Sporangiophores ramose 1. Branching more or less dichotomous a. Some branches sterile, prong-like; sporangif- erous heads not deciduous Dispira F 270 b. All branches fertile; sporangiferous heads deciduous Piptocephalis 7:225; S 132, F 272; 2 2. Branching not dichotomous, but cymose or in- definite; sporangiferous heads not deciduous Syncephalastrum 7:232, S 134; F 273; 2 B. Sporangiophores not ramose below the apical vesicle, provided with spur-like rhizoids Syncephalis 7:227; S 132, F 273; 2 Subfamily Chaetocladiae One genus Chaetocladium 7:220; S 131, F 257; 2 Family 5. ENDOGONACEAE Sporocarps more or less globose or irregular in shape, with a hyphal tomen- tum or pseudoperidium, sometimes reduced to a nearly naked sorus; producing zygospores or azygospores (chlamydospores) and sometimes in Endogone, sporangia; hypogean or epigean saprophytes. This is a small group of somewhat doubtful relationship, but regarded by recent workers as exhibiting affinity to the Mortierellae. A. Pseudoperidium composed of bundles of hyphae radiating from the surface Sohaerocreas 4:679; F 267 B. Pseudoperidium not composed of radiating hyphal bundles 1. Sporocarps hollow; spores arranged irregularly in the wall Glaziella 2:581; F 267 EMPUSACEAE— ASCOIDEACEAE 37 2. Sporocarps not hollow a. Sporocarps sclerotioid; spores parallel in a peripheral layer b. Sporocarps not sclerotioid; spores more or less irregularly arranged Sclerocystis 7:218; F 267 Endogone 8:905, 14:829; F 265 Family 6. EMPUSACEAE Schroeter 134; Fitzpatrick 281 Mycelium usually well-developed, tubular or filamentous, mostly parasitic, usually endozoic, rarely saprophytic, at first 1-celled, then septate; propagation by simple conidia terminal on 1-celled clavate conidiophores; zygospores tj'pically globose and naked. A. Mycelium entomogenous 1. Conidia superficial, smooth, discharged forcibly from the conidiophore 2. Conidia internal, verrucose B. Mycelium not entomogenous 1, Mycelium abundant, not intracellular a. Conidium borne on a conical cell, forming spores endogenously Empusa 7:291; S 138, F 292; 2 Massospora F 289 b. Conidium not on a conical cell, producing a germinating tube and secondary conidium Mycelium scanty, intracellular; in fern pro- thalia Basidiobolus F 283; 2 Conidiobolus F 286; 2 7:285; S 141, 7:285; S 141, Completoria 7:286; S 140, F 288 Family 7. ASCOIDEACEAE Schroeter 145; Fitzpatrick 307 Mycelium abundant, in sap of spermaphytes; conidia clustered or catenate on simple conidiophores; sporangia elongate, arising by copulation or apparently asexually and producing many non-motile spores. A. Conidia catenate; sporangia produced by copula- tion Dipodascus 11 :439; S 146, F 307 B. Conidia clustered; sporangia asexual Ascoidea 10:71; S 145, F 309 Order 3. VAUCHERIALES Unicellular multinucleate filamentous or saccoid algae and fungi; propagation by zoospores or aplanospores, or in aerial forms by conidia (sporangia) and zoo- spores; reproduction in the tTiree fungous families by means of unlike gametes, pro- duced in antherids and oogones. Key to Families A. Aquatic fungi, propagating by zoospores or aplanospores 1, Mycelium mostly well-developed; typically ex- ternal parasites or saprophytes 2. Mycelium scanty, developing mostly or wholly into sporangia and sex-organs; endobiotic, usually in a single host-cell B. Aerial fungi propagating by conidia; typically parasites in higher plants Saprolegniaceae p. 38 Ancylistaceae p. 39 Peronosporaceae p. 40 38 VAUCHERIALES Family 8. SAPROLEGNIACEAE Schroeter 93; Fitzpatrick 146; Minden 506 Mycelium strongly developed, broadly filamentous, more or less ramose, often constricted; propagation by sporangia producing zoospores or aplanospores; repro- duction by means of antherids and oogones, their contents fusing by means of a connecting tube. Key to Subfamilies A. Hyphal filaments uniform, not constricted Saprolegniae B. Hyphal filaments or their branches constricted more or less regularly Leptomitae Subfamily Saprolegniae A. Zoospores escaping before germination 1. Sporangia cylindric-clavate to ovoid, zoospores in several rows a. Zoospores escaping through a terminal pore (1) Zoospores scattering upon escape (a) Sporangia ovoid; oogones usually 1- spored (b) Sporangia clavoid; oogones mostly x- spored (2) Zoospores remaining massed about the pore b. Zoospores not escaping through a common pore (1) Each zoospore escaping singly through its own lateral pore (2) Zoospores freed by the disintegration of the whole sporangium 2. Sporangia linear and zoospores l-rowed, at least above a. Zoospores escaping through a terminal pore (1) Sporangia irregular and complex with in- flated ramose base with zoospores in several series and filamentous apical portion with a single series (2) Sporangia not ramose and inflated (a) Zoospores scattering upon escape (b) Zoospores remaining massed about the pore b. Zoospores non-motile, escaping by disinte- gration of the sporangium B. Zoospores non-motile, germinating in the spo- rangium Subfamily Leptomitae A. Hyphae uniformly cylindric, without trunk and branches, regularly constricted 1. Sporangia cylindric, resembling the segments; Pythiopsis S 97, F 165; 3 Saprolegnia 7:268; S 97, F 167; 3 Achlya 7:274; S 99, F 167 Dictyuchus 7:273; S 99, F 162; 3 Thraustotheca S 100; F 160 Plectospira F 167 Leptolegnia S 100, F 170; 3 Aphanomyces 7:276; S 100, F 167; 3 Geolegnia F 164 Aplanes S 101, F 158; 3 zoospores escaping singly Leptomitus 7:265; S 101, F 173; 3 ANCYLISTACEAE— PERONOSPORACEAE 39 2. Sporangia ellipsoid to piriform, broader than the segments; zoospores encysting at the pore B. Hyphae differentiated into stout trunk and slen- der branches, the latter usually somewhat con- stricted, rarely lacking 1. Trunk more or less cylindric, the branches similar but narrow a. Trunk about twice as wide as branches; sporangia all alike, smooth; oogones piri- form b. Trunk several times wider than branches; sporangia of two kinds, smooth and spinose; oogones globose 2. Trunk not cylindric a. Trunk more or less lobed, branches filamen- tous, numerous, bearing the reproductive cells b. Trunk broadly clavate, hardly branched; re- productive cells on short pedicels Apodachlya S 102, F 173; 3 Sapromyces S 163, F 175 Araeospora 14:454; F 177 Rhipidium 7:268; S 103, F 180; 3 Mindeniella F 180 Family 9. ANCYLISTACEAE Schroeter 134; Fitzpatrick 117; Minden 426 Mycelium mostly poorly developed and scarcely distinct from the fruit-body, the latter tubular, when mature divided into vegetative cells, sporangia or oogones and antherids; entire contents of antherid passing into oogone, oospore lying free; sporangia always producing zoospores. A. Hyphae ramose 1. Vegetative cells present, growing by germ- tubes; sporangia lacking 2. Vegetative cells lacking; sporangia present Ancylistes 7:280; S 92, F 124; 3 Lagenidium 7:278; S 90, F 122; 3 B. Hyphae simple 1. Zoospores escaping normally and encysting at the pore 2. Sporangia extruding a vesicle bearing zoospores Myzocytium 7:279; S 90, F 120; 3 Achlyogeton 7:277; S 89, F 119 Family 10. PERONOSPORACEAE Schroeter 110; Fitzpatrick 185 Mycelium abundant, filamentous, 1-celled, much branched, typically endophytic; propagation by means of conidia (sporangia) borne on the ends of conidiophores, producing zoospores or a germinating tube, occasionally by means of normal sporangia; reproduction regularly by means of internal oogones and antherids, borne on the ends of lateral branches; oospores solitary, producing zoospores or a germinating tube. Key to Subfamilies A. Conidia catenate; conidiophores clavate, simple, forming a sorus Albuginae B. Conidia or sporangia not catenate; conidiophores regularly branched, not forming a sorus vV oGiCiHi: ^Xi^^^Xii <- \^^^\A& 'Liit-t'r^mY' ra ,^^i 40 CONFERVALES 1. Conidia borne successively on conidiophores little different from the hyphae Pythiae 2. Conidia borne on highly differentiated conidio- phores Peronosporae Subfamily Pythiae A. Sporangia asymmetric, the insertion eccentric Pythiogeton F 194 B. Sporangia symmetric, the insertion centric 1. Wall of sporangium smooth; zoospores present Pythium 7:270; S 104, F 195; 3 2. Wall of sporangium echinulate; zoospores lack- ing Trachysphaera F 209 Subfamily Peronosporae A. Conidiophores slender, with long slender branches 1. Conidiophore growing after the formation of the first conidia, producing new joints Phytophthora 7:237; S 113, F 199; 4 2. Conidiophore not proliferating a. Conidia papillate at tip (1) Conidia on sterigmata arising from irregu- lar disks (2) Conidia on sterigmata without disks b. Conidia not papillate at tip B. Conidiophores stout, with short thick branches or swollen and sterigmate at tip 1. Conidiophores with short thick branches Sclerospora 7:238; S 114, F212; 4 2. Conidiophores with a sterigmate vesicle at tip Basidiophora S 114, F 214; 4 Bremia 7:243; S 116, F 219; 4 Plasmopara 7:239; S 115, F215; 4 Peronospora 7:244; S 117. F221; 4 Subfamily Albuginae One genus Albugo 7:233; S 110, F 188; 4 Order 4. CONFERVALES Typically multicellular filamentous algae, propagating by zoospores and repro- ducing by the union of isogametes, or by heterogametcs borne in antherids and oogones; two small fungous families. Key to Families A. Filaments fastigiately or corymbosely ramose; reproduction by isogametes Blastocladiaceae p. 40 B. Filaments usually simple; reproduction by heterogametes in antherids and oogones Monoblepharidaceae p. 41 Family 11a. BLASTOCLADIACEAE Fitzpatrick 130; Minden 601 Mycelium either fastigiately ramose and constricted, without rhizoids, or with a thick trunk, corymbose branches and rhizoids; propagation by sporangia and zoospores; reproduction by isogametes producing a biciliate zygote. MONOBLEPHARIDACEAE 41 A. Mycelium fastigiately ramose and constricted, without rhizoids; sporangia present; gametes unknown B. Mycelium with a thick trunk, more slender corymbose branches, and rhizoids; sporangia and gametes present Gonapodya 14:452; S F 134; 4 Blastocladia F 136 107, Family lib. MONOBLEPHARIDACEAE Schrocter 106; Fitzpatrick 138; Minden 462 Filaments mostly simple, arising from a ramose mycelium fixed to the sub- stratum by rhizoids; propagation by zoospores; reproduction by hcterogametes produced in anthcrids and oogones, antherozoids ciliatc; oospores solitary. One genus Monoblepharis 7:277; S 107; F 138; 4 ASCOMYCETES Order 5. LABOULBENIALES Thaxter 197, 2:220; Lindau 491 Receptacle consisting of two to many cells in a row, or parenchyma-like, regu- larly producing from the cells one or more appendages bearing antherids as a rule; antherozoids normally endogenous, borne within flask-like, simple or compound antherids, rarely produced like conidia, i. e., naked or exogenous; perithecia one to many, stalked or sessile, terminal or lateral on the receptacle, resulting from fer- tilization by means of a trichogyne; asci seriate, mostly 4-spored; spores usually 2-celled. This key is merely compiled from those constructed by Thaxter in his first two monographs (1895, 1908) and is fully subject to the statement made in the second (p. 236); "It is not expected that this key will prove useful as a means of determining genera to anyone who has not made himself familiar with the general conditions existing in the group and summarized in the preliminary matter of this and the preceding Monograph." Since this order rests almost wholly upon the monumental researches of Thaxter, those who wish to become in any degree familiar with it must turn to the several monographs (cf. bibliography). These render it unnecessary to attempt to include here the genera published since 1908, a complete key to the order as at present constituted being impossible for anyone but the master of the group himself. Key to Families A. Antherids specially diflferentiated cells or groups of cells 1. Antherids compound, the antheridial cells en- dogenous, arising from one or more inter- calary cells and discharging into and from a common chamber (eventually free in a com- pact group in Distichomyces) Peyritschiellaceae p. 42 2. Antherids single cells with free efferent tubes Laboulbeniaceae p. 44 B. Antherids more or less undifferentiated cells of the appendages or their branches Ceratomycetaceae p. 45 Family 12. PEYRITSCHIELLACEAE A, Dioecious 1. Perithecia and appendages in pairs to the right and left 2. Perithecia and appendages in a row B. Monoecious 1, Antherids arising on an appendage a. Antherids lateral (1) On a subbasal cell of the appendage Dimorphomyces T 264, 2:240; L 497 Dimeromyces T 267, 2:241; L 497 Cantharomyces T 271, 2:281; L 497 42 PEYRITSCHIELLACEAE 43 (2) On short opposite branchlets of the appendage Stichomyces T 2:301 b. Antherids terminal (1) Antherid with a short spine at the tip Haplomyces T 269, 2:275; L 497 (2) Antherid without a spine but with a neck- like canal cell (a) Ascogenic cells at least 36 Polyascomyces T 2:299 (b) Ascogenic cells few X. Stalk of antherid a single cell (x) Antheridial cells obliquely in vertical rows m. Subbasal cell of receptacle with a sterile appendage Eumonoecomyces T 2:273 n. Subbasal cell of receptacle without sterile appendage (m) Antherids opening by a terminal pore Eucantharomyces T 273, 2:275; L 497 (n) Antherids opening by a lateral pore Clidiomyces T 2:280 (y) Antherid parenchyma-like, many- celled m. Antheridial cells with three marginal cells Euhaplomyces T 2:281 n. Antheridial cells without marginal cells Camptomyces T 274, L 498 (z) Antherid of several superposed cell5^ bearing single simple antherids directly m. Simple antherids two Acallomyces T 2:300 n. Simple antherids several Acompsomyces T 2:297 y. Stalk of two cells placed side by side Monoecomyces T 2:268 2. Antherids arising on the receptacle a. Perithecia free (1) Receptacle of a single row of several to many superposed cells Enarthromyces T 276, 2:267; L 498 (2) Receptacle of one or two superposed cells followed by two or three oblique or transverse rows (a) Receptacle with one basal cell X. Basal cell followed by two tiers of cells Limnaeomyces T 2:261 y. Basal cell followed by three symmetri- cal series Dichomyces T 282, 2:249, L 499 (b) Receptacle with two superposed basal cells Peyritschiella T 278, 2:260; L 499 b. Perithecia grown together with distal portion of receptacle (1) Base of receptacle of two superposed cells Chitonomyces T 285, 2:263; L 499 (2) Base of three superposed cells Hydraeomyces T 293, L 500 44 LABOULBENIALES Family 13. LABOULBENIACEAE A. Dioecious 1. Perithecium borne by the basal or subbasal cell of receptacle a. Perithecium on the single basal cell, spores continuous Amorphomyces T 295, 2:293; L 501 b. Perithecium lateral on the subbasal cell (1) Receptacle terminated by a 2-celled promi- nence; spores 1-septate Dioecomyces T 2:293 (2) Receptacle x-celled, setose Smeringomyces T 2:296 2. Two-celled normal receptacle producing sec- ondary receptacles on which the perithecia are borne Herpomyces T 2:282 B. Monoecious 1. Antherids in definite scries on the appendages a. Arising directly from cells of the appendages (1) Appendage one (a) Antherids in a single or double vertical series Stigmatomyces T 298, 2:301 (b) Antherids more or less distinctly whorled Arthrorhynchus T 2:312 (2) Appendages numerous, antherids in 3 ver- tical series Idiomyces T 302, L 501 b. Borne on branches of the appendages (1) Appendage one (a) Appendage with sterile terminal branch- lets, antherids in short series near its base Rhadinomyces T 305, 2:317; L 501 (b) Appendage with fertile terminal branch- lets bearing antherids laterally Eucorethromyces T 2:320 (2) Appendages forming a tuft, antherids on lateral branchlets Corethromyces T 303, 2:318; L 501 2. Antherids not in definite series on the ap- pendages a. Receptacle 2-celled (1) Basal cell with rhizoids (a) A single receptacle from each rhizoid base Rhizomyces T 307, 2 :322 ; L 502 (b) Several receptacles from a coinnion rhizoid base Moschomyces T 368, 2:429; L 504 (2) Basal cell not from a rhizoid (a) Appendage single X. Receptacle of 2 superposed cells (x) Basal cell spheric, penetrating by a long filament Ceraeomyces T 2:327 (y) Basal cell elongate Sphaleromyces T 365, 2:323; L 504 y. Receptacle of a series of superposed cells Ectinomyces T 2:429 CERATOMYCETACEAE 45 I (b) Appendages several to many X. Appendages and perithecium in a whorl y. Appendages in a row Receptacle more than 2-celled (1) Receptacle of seriate regularly superposed cells (a) Plant bilaterally symmetrical (b) Plant asymmetrical X. Receptacle of two contiguous and united rows (x) A single basal cell (y) Basal and subbasal cell present y. Receptacle of a single row (2) Receptacle more or less parenchyma-like, at most only part of the cells super- posed in series (a) Appendages all on one side (b) Appendages on two sides (c) Appendages completely surrounding the perithecium x. Sterile branches few, antheridal cells intercalary in continuous series y. Sterile branches ramose, copious anther- idial cells free, externally superposed on lower segments of the appendages, associated with rostrate sterile cells Compsomyces T 366, 2:428; L 504 Clematomyces T 2:427 Diplomyces T 357, L 503 Rhachomyces T 358, 2:421; L 504 Distichomyces T 2:249 Chaetomyces T 364, L 504 Laboulbenia T 308, 2:328; L 502 Rickia T 2:247 Symplectromyces T 2:314 Teratomyces T 354, 2:315 Family 14. CERATOMYCETACEAE A, Receptacle large, very many-celled, parenchyma- like 1. Perithecium with six wall-cells in each row a. Base of trichogyne persistent as a one-celled appendage b. Base of trichogyne not persistent as an ap- pendage 2. Perithecium with 9-10 wall-cells in each row B. Receptacle of a series of superposed cells 1, Receptacle bearing appendages from specially differentiated cells below the perithecium 2. Receptacle bearing no appendages below the perithecium a. Receptacle determinate, of few cells (1) Wall-rows of perithecia few-celled (2) Wall-rows of perithecia many-celled b. Receptacle indeterminate, of many cells (1) Wall-rows of perithecia few-celled (2) Wall-rows of perithecia many-celled Caenomyces T 372, L 505 Zodiomyces T 371, 2:444; L 504 Euzodiomyces T 2:444 Coreomyces T 2:411 Autoecomyces T 2:434 Ceratomyces T 372, 2:435 Hydrophilomyces T 2:431 Rhynchophoromyces T 2:432 46 GYMNASCALES Order 6. GYMNASCALES Asci free or in simple prothecia, rarely in a sclerotioid ascoma, solitary or grouped, globoid to saccate, occasionally elongate, 1-many-spored, paraphyses lacking; mycelium well-developed and branched, with cross-walls, or reduced to a few cells multiplying by budding or fission, occasionally developing sex-organs, sometimes massed to form a prothecium, often with appendage-like branches, or a solid sclerotium-like ascoma. The chief bond in this order is the free ascus or ascus-group, without protective hyphae or these limited to a loose or dense mass termed a prothecium. It serves as the connecting link between the Phycomycetes and the Ascomycetes proper. In several genera it is practically impossible to determine whether the spore-body is an ascus or a sporangium. The latter seems to be the case in Ascoidea and its relatives, and these are in consequence referred to the first group. The Endomy- cetaceae may be placed in either with almost equal warrant. The Gymnascaceae lead directly into the Eurotiaceae on the one hand and the Myriangiaceae on the other, no real dividing line being discernible in the latter case especially. While the Saccharomycetaceae are regarded as reduced, it appears certain that this reduc- tion has applied to primitive forms, and that this family has no connection with the Agyriales, where reduction has operated upon the highly specialized apothecium. Key to Families A. Asci solitary, on or in mycelial threads, naked or without an individual hyphal wall 1. Asci naked a. Asci terminal or lateral on a branched septate mycelium b. Asci intercalary or continuous in a short bud- ding mycelium 2. Asci with an individual hyphal wall, terminal on the branches of a septate mycelium B. Asci in masses, enclosed by a loose hyphal peridium, the latter sometimes sclerotioid Endomycetaceae p. 46 Saccharomycetaceae p. 47 Monascaceae p. 48 Gymnascaceae p. 48 Family 15. ENDOMYCETACEAE 22:767, 24:1304; Schroeter 154 Mycelium typically well developed, branched and septate, rarely scanty, fre- quently with terminal 1-celled conidia; asci single, without hyphal envelop, terminal or lateral, rarely intercalary, 1-8-spored, occasionally many-spored; spores 1-celled and hyaline or nearly so. A. Mycelium saprogenous 1. Asci 1-2-spored 2. Asci 8-spored a. Asci formed from the spirally wound tips of two branches; spores globose b. Asci formed directly from a single hypha (1) Asci 4-spored, terminal (2) Asci 8-spored (a) Asci terminal or lateral, not intercalary X, Asci conglomerate; spores ovoid, not conglobate y. Asci not conglomerate; spores globose, conglobate Bargellinia 8:823 Eremascus 8:822 Endyllium Byssochlamys 22:596 Oleinis 8:822 SACCHAROMYCETACEAE 47 (b) Asci intercalary; spores ovoid, conglo- bate Oleina 8:822 B. Mycelium biogenous 1. Asci 4-8-spored a. Asci 4-spored, mostly lateral on long liyphae Endomyces 8:821; 6 b. Asci 8-spored, on short hyphae from lobed haustoria; fungicole Podocapsa 8:820 2. Asci niany-spored a. Asci on short hyphae from lobed haustoria; fungicole Podocapsium 24:1146 b. Asci on long branched hyphae; fructicole Eremothecium 8:821 Family 16. SACCHAROMYCETACEAE 8:916, 11:457, 14:828, 16:818, 18:198, 22:771, 24:1304 True mycelium lacking, the hyphae reduced to short toruloid chains or to single cells propagating by budding, rarely by fission; asci derived directly from vegetative cells, or by isogamic or heterogamic copulation, 1-16-spored; spores 1-celled, globose to acicular, hyaline, smooth or asperate, germinating by simple budding or by conjugation. The yeasts are so greatly reduced that their position is far from certain, but they appear to be derived from the primitive Ascomycetes rather than from highly specialized forms. They seem to be most closely connected with the Endomy- cetaceae, certain genera having been referred to both by different authors. A con- siderable number of yeast-like forms do not produce asci, or these have not yet been found, and all such genera have been referred to the Pseudosaccharomycetes, at the end of the key. It is probable that many of these are actually Hyphomycetes, in which growth has been emphasized at the expense of conidia formation. A. Asci regularly 1-spored, very rarely 2-spored 1. Spores globoid, asperate a. Asci produced directly from the cells b. Asci derived from copulation (1) Asci derived directly from isogamic copu- lation (2) Asci derived indirectly from heterogamic copulation 2. Spores ellipsoid, asperate, with median band 3. Spores acicular, smooth; haemophile B. Asci not regularly 1-spored, mostly 2-8-spored 1. Spores elongate, fusiform to acicular a. Spores flagellate; asci 8- or 16-spored b. Spores not flagellate; asci 4- or 8-spored 2. Spores not elongate a. Cells arising by fission; asci 4- or 8-spored, derived from isogamic copulation b. Cells arising by budding (1) Spores with 2 walls, the outer breaking at germination; asci 2- or 4-spored (2) Spores with single wall (a) Spores with median band, hence appear- ing biapiculate (b) Spores not banded, globose to ellipsoid X. Cells apiculate; asci 1-2-spored Micranthomyces Isomyces 22:786 Nadsonia 22:786 Zonosporis 22:785 Monosporella 24:1315 Nematospora 18:201 Coccidiascus Schizosaccharis 14:828 Saccharomycopsis 18:198 Williopsis Thelis 24:1306 48 GYMNASCALES Torulospora Zygosaccharis 18:198 y. Cells not apiculate (x) Cells toruloid; ascogenous cells with tubes but no true copulation; asci 1-4-spored; spores asperate (y) Cells not toruloid m. Asci derived from copulation, 1-4- spored; spores hemispheric or hat- shaped n. Asci not derived from copulation (m) Spores hat-shaped; asci 2-4-spored Hansenula 18:198 (n) Spores not hat-shaped r. Cells usually cylindric, catenate; asci 2-4-spored s. Cells globose to oblong, rarely catenate (r) Asci regularly 4-spored; spores producing a promycelium (s) Asci 2-8-spored; spores not producing a promycelium Pichia 18:198 Saccharomycodes 18:198 Saccharomyces 8:916; 6 Family 17. MONASCACEAE Schroeter 148 Mycelium typically well developed, branched and septate, saprophytic, forming conidia; asci sporangium-like, terminal, with an individual hyphal wall; spores many, hyaline to brown. Spores many; asci enclosed by interwoven hyphae Monascus S 148 Family 18. GYMNASCACEAE 8:820, 10:70, 11:437, 14:824, 16:805, 18:195, 24:1145 Mycelium more or less well developed, branched and septate, usually sapro- phytic, frequently forming conidia; asci grouped, more rarely scattered, in a more or less regular globoid mycelial weft, sometimes dense and differentiated externally into a rudimentary peridium; asci globose to saccate, typically 8-spored, rarely 2-many-spored; spores typically 1-celled and hyaline. The weft-like ascoma is typical of this family, but it passes gradually into the denser type with rudimentary peridium, distinguishable with difficulty, if at all, from the fruit-body of such genera of the Myriangiaceae as Elsinoe and Plectodiscella. Penicillium and Penicilliopsis have been included in the Eurotiaceae (Aspergillaceae) by Fischer, but the latter are here regarded as comprising perithecial forms only. A. Ascoma composed of a globoid weft of hyphae 1. Ascoma saprogenous a. Asci 3-8-spored (1) Asci 3-5-spored; spores hyaline, minute, globoid Conidiascus 16:807 (2) Asci 8-spored (a) Ascoma composed of thin-walled uni- form hyphae X. Ascoma stipitate; spores lentiform, fur- rowed Rollandina 22:766 GYMNASCACEAE 49 y. Ascoma sessile; spores globose to glo- boid (x) Spores bright-colored, hyaline to yel- low or red (y) Spores dark, brown or brown-violet (b) Ascoma of thick-walled, much branched hyphae, united to form a lattice-like peridium X. Hyphal branches similar, with spines or prongs y, Hyphal branches of two sorts, some be- coming especially differentiated ap- pendages (x) Appendages circinate at tip (y) Appendages comb-like b. Asci many-spored; spores ellipsoid 2. Ascoma biogenous a. Spores 1-celled, hyaline; zoogenous b. Spores x-celled, dark; phytogenous B. Ascoma more or less solid and parenchymic, with a rudimentary peridium 1. Ascomata clustered on a stalk 2. Ascomata not stalked a. Spores purple, smooth, ovoid b. Spores hyaline to yellowish (1) Spores globose, large, verruculose (2) Spores typically ellipsoid and ridged, small Arachniotus 11:438 Amaurascus 11:438 Gymnascus 8:823; 6 Myxotrichum F 295; 6 Ctenomyces 8:824 Myrillium 11:438 Eidamella 16:805 Hexagonella Penicilliopsis F 306 Diplostephanus Lilliputia 16:816 Carpenteles Order 7. PERISPORIALES Mycelium typically superficial, light-colored or dark, sometimes lacking, rarely forming a membrane or stroma; perithecia closed, breaking into plates or opening irregularly at the top, rarely at the base, sometimes deliquescing, apparently never with a true ostiole, usually globoid and sessile but sometimes elongate or flask- shaped, regularly membranous, occasionally coriaceous but rarely carbonous, often provided with appendages, bristles or hairs; asci one to many, clustered on branched hyphae, disposed irregularly, or most frequently in a basal umbel-like group, globoid to elliptic or clavate, rarely cylindric or long-stalked; typically without paraphyses; spores various. This order is distinguished from Gymnascales by the presence of a definite perithecium with a distinct wall. The family Eurotiaceae may be placed almost equally well in either group, the branched ascogenous hyphae relating it to Gym- nascales, the true perithecium to Perisporiales. The chief distinction from the Sphaeriales lies in the absence of a true ostiole. The Trichothyriaceae approach Microthyriales by virtue of the radiate perithecium. but this is not dimidiate, with the asci in hymenia. The order passes so gradually into Microthyriaceae and Sphaeriaceae that it is impossible to draw sharp lines, the Capnodiaceae in par- ticular sometimes possessing a distinct if not typical ostiole, while in some of the Sphaeriaceae and Hypocreaceae, the ostiole is indistinct or lacking. The Perisporiales seem to have sprung directly from the Gymnascaceae, and to have given rise to the two somewhat parallel phyla, the Sphaeriales and Micro- thyriales. 50 PERISPORIALES Key to Families A. Asci borne on branched hyphae, hence irregularly disposed or in corymboid clusters B. Asci in a basal umbel or sometimes solitary 1. Aerial mycelium typically present; no erumpent stroma a. Aerial mycelium white; appendages present and usually modified b. Aerial mycelium dark, sometimes lacking; ap- pendages usually absent (1) Perithecia not radiate; asci basal (a) Hyphae not slimy, straight-walled; peri- thecia parenchymic, the cells polyg- onal, not slimy (b) Hyphae straight-walled; perithecia dis- solving in slime as they mature (c) Hyphae constricted or dematioid,, or in slimy skeins when straight-walled; perithecia of rounded cells or agglu- tinate straight-walled meridian hyphae (2) Perithecia radiate; asci hanging from the apparent tip 2. Aerial mycelium lacking; perithecia borne on an innate-erumpent stroma, elongate Eurotiaceae p. 50 Erysiphaceae p. 52 Perisporiaceae p. 53 Englerulaceae p. 55 Capnodiaceae p. 56 Trichothyriaceae p. 58 Coryneliaceae p. 58 As a rule, the Eurotiaceae can not be distinguished externally from Perispo- riaceae, and it is necessary to appeal to the origin or arrangement of the asci. In young or fresh material this can usually be determined positively; in mature or dry specimens it is best decided by the presence or absence of the umbellate arrange- ment typical of the other families. The first four of these are most intimately related and might well be treated as subfamilies of Perisporiaceae. Probably the greatest dif^culty is met in separating the latter from the Capnodiaceae, the polyg- onal parenchyma-like cells of the perithecia of the one offering the best criterion, in contrast to the rounded cells or meridian hyphae of the other. The Tricho- thyriaceae are more sharply set of? by the radiate wall of the perithecium, and the Coryneliaceae by the innate-erumpent stroma and the coriaceous or carbonous elongate perithecia. The Perisporiaceae have probably been derived from the Eurotiaceae, and have constituted the central group from which all the others have arisen. The highly developed appendages of the Erysiphaceae and the reduced number of asci suggest that they are more specialized rather than the primitive forms of the order, though their development favors the latter view. The other families also represent divergent phyla, two of them, Englerulaceae and Coryneliaceae, ending blindly, while the other two connect with higher groups, the Trichothyriaceae with Microthyriales, and the Capnodiaceae with Sphaeriaceae, as do the Perisporiaceae likewise. Family 19. EUROTIACEAE 1:24, 9:371, 11:253, 14:462; 16:398, 17:524, 22:25, 24:226; Lind. 1:1:297; TS 15:447 Mycelium abundant, superficial or innate, usually saprophytic, mostly straight- walled and without hyphopodia or spines; perithecia typically on the mycelium, the wall usually parenchymic and membranous, consisting of polygonal plates as a rule, breaking up generally or at the tip when mature, ostiole present only in Micrascus, appendages present or lacking; asci typically in corymboid clusters on EUROTIACEAE 51 branched hyphae, these rarely short and approaching the umbelloid grouping, several to many, globose to clavate, few-, rarely many-spored; paraphyses regu- larly lacking; spores various. Hyalosporae Spores 1-celled, globoid to oblong, hyaline or subhyaline. A. Perithecia bright-colored, yellow to red, rarely white 1. Perithecia setose or hairy a. Perithecia with long stiff setae; spores lenti- form b. Perithecia with soft hairs; spores spiny, glo- boid, reddish 2. Perithecia glabrous a. Spores verrucose b. Spores smooth or ridged, but not verrucose (1) Perithecia circumscissile at base (2) Perithecia breaking up generally B. Perithecia brown, deep-purple or finally black 1. Spores with an irregular wing-like appendage 2. Spores not appendaged a. Perithecia brown, finally black; paraphyses present; spores globoid b. Perithecia deep-purple, the plates with sutures; paraphyses lacking; spores bean-shaped Chaetotheca 11:254 Aphanascus 10:35 Anixiopsis 14:464 Dichlaena 24:228 Eurotium 1:25; 8 Samarospora 11:254 Mycogala 1:34; 8 Fragosphaeria Phaeosporae Spores 1-ceiled, globoid to oblong, dark, typically olivaceous to brown. A. Perithecia with ostiolate beak, carbonous, usually hairy; spores lunulate; fimicole B. Perithecia not beaked or ostiolate 1. Perithecia with appendages or hairs a. Spores globose, conglobate (1) Appendages closely spiral, convolute (2) Appendages flexuous-tortuose b. Spores ovoid to elliptic (1) Appendages circinate at apex (2) Appendages not circinate, mere hairs or bristles 2. Perithecia glabrous a. Spores globose, with a median wing-like ring cut into teeth b. Spores ovoid to oblong (1) Spores conglobate at first (a) Paraphyses present; spores elliptic, ver- rucose (b) Paraphyses lacking; spores cuboid, smooth (2) Spores not conglobate (a) Saprophytic on grass culms (b) Parasitic on roots of herbs, chiefly legumes Micrascus A:37, 9:495, L 297; 6 Pleurascus 16:1123 Arachnomyces 17:532 Magnusia 1 :38 ; 6 Cephalotheca 1:36; 6 Emericella L 297 Guillermondia Phaeidium 16:405 Carothecis 9:377 Thielavia 1:39; 8 52 PERISPORIALES Phaeodidymae Spores 2-celled, dark A. Perithecia hairy 1. Perithecia breaking into plates; paraphyses present; spores appendaged at first Zopfiella L 334 2. Perithecia breaking irregularly at tip; paraph- yses lacking; spores not appendaged Zopfia 1:54 B. Perithecia glabrous 1. Paraphyses present, branched, clinging to asci and spores; spores smooth, becoming greatly enlarged Richonia 9:379 2. Paraphyses lacking; spores rough or spiny, not enlarged Testudina 9:378 Hyalophragmiae Spores x-celled, hyaline or subhyaline Perithecia becoming gelatinous when mature, expos- ing the asci Dexteria 24:703 Phaeophragmiae Spores x-celled, dark A. Paraphyses present; spores clavate, cells not sep- arating Eosphaeria B. Paraphyses lacking; spores cylindric, cells sepa- rating Preussia Phaeodictyae Spores muriform, dark A. Ascus single; spores muticate Phanerascus 24-:1146 B. Asci many; spores with a beak-like hyaline ap- pendage at either end Ceratocarpia 14:474 Family 20. ERYSIPHACEAE 1:1, 9:364, 11:253, 14:404, 17:526, 22:19, 24:223 Mycelium or subiculum superficial, white, cobwebby, septate, penetrating the epiderm by means of haustoria and regularly bearing chains of conidia (form genus Oidium) on simple upright branches; perithecia without ostiole, always with simple or modified appendages, wall more or less membranous and brittle; asci one to sev- eral, globose to ovoid, 2-8-spored, without paraphyses; spores hyaline or light- colored, typically 1-celled. Hyalosporae Spores 1-celled, hyaline or light-colored A. Perithecia with one ascus 1. Asci 4-8-spored a. Appendages simple, hypha-like Sphaerotheca 1:3; 7 b. Appendages dichotomous at tip Podosphaera 1:2; 7 2. Asci many-spored Lanomyces 24:365 B. Perithecia with 2-several asci 1. Appendages simple, hypha-like Erysiphe 1:15; 7 2. Appendages branched or otherwise modified PERISPORIACEAE 53 a. Appendages dichotomous at tip Microsphaera 1:10; 7 b. Appendages modified but not branched (1) Appendages lance-like, swollen at base Phyllactinia 1:5; 7 (2) Appendages coiled at tip Uncinula 1:6; 7 Hyalodidymae Spores 2-celled, hyaline or light-colored A. Appendages simple or branched, thread-like Chilomyces 22:33 B. Appendages dichotomous at tip Schistodes TS 456 Hyalophragmiae Spores x-celled, hyaline or light-colored Appendages simple, thread-like; asci several, x-spored Leucoconis TS 456 Family 21. PERISPORIACEAE 1:24, 9:371, 11:253, 14:462, 16:398, 17:524. 22:19, 24:222; L 333; TS 447 Mycelium or subiculum superficial, rarely beneath cuticle or epiderm or tilling the stomata, septate, not constricted or dematioid, with or without hyphopodia or spines; perithecia regularly on the mycelium, without ostiole, wall parenchymic and membranous of one or two layers of polygonal cells, or sometimes firmer and x-layered, rarely carbonous, appendages present or lacking; asci regularly several to many, globoid to clavate, rarely cylindric, few-, rarely many-spored, borne in an umbellate basal cluster; paraphyses regularly lacking; spores various. Hyalosporae Spores 1-celled, hyaline or subhyaline A. Spores globose; mycelium without hyphopodia Meliolidium B. Spores ellipsoid; mycelium with hyphopodia Clistosphaera 24:236, TS 461 Phaeosporae Spores 1-celled, dark A. Mycelium superficial, copious; asci clavate 1. Paraphysoids present; ostiole more or less dis- tinct Episoma 24:241 2. Paraphysoids absent; ostiole lacking; hyphae with star-like setae Teratonema 24:241, TS 463 B. Mycelium merely hyphae in hymenium of host; asci globose to ovoid; fungicole Guttularia 24:240 Hyalodidymae Spores 2-celIed, hyaline A. Perithecia or mycelium innate 1. Perithecia hairy, on a subcuticular or erumpent stroma; asci few-spored Chevalieropsis 22:391 2. Perithecia glabrous, subepidermal; asci many- Pampolysporium 16:411, TS spored ^^60 B. Perithecia and mycelium superficial 1. Mycelium and perithecia with setae; perithecia opening irregularly at tip Rhizalia 24:364, TS 463 2. Mycelium without setae; perithecia astomous 54 PERISPORIALES a. Perithecia with appendages, setae or hairs (1) Perithecia with appendages of two kinds, long and simple, short and dichotomous (2) Perithecia with setae or hairs merely (a) Paraphyses present (b) Paraphysoids present (c) Paraphyses lacking b. Perithecia glabrous (1) Asci globose-ellipsoid; hyphae and peri- thecia yellow, the latter stipitate (2) Asci clavate-cylindric; not yellow (a) Paraphyses present (b) Paraphyses lacking Phaeodidymae Spores 2-celled, dark A. Perithecia with a subcuticular hypostroma 1. Perithecia separate, single, finally with basal setae 2. Perithecia in a ring about a sclerotial stroma B. Perithecia or mycelium rooted only in the sto- mata 1. Mycelium with hyphopodia but not setae; peri- thecia rooted in the stomata 2. Mycelium with setae but no hyphopodia, rooted in the stomata C. Perithecia and mycelium superficial 1. Mycelium with hyphopodia 2. Mycelium without hyphopodia a. Mycelium with setae; perithecia usually hairy (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphysoids present (3) Paraphyses lacking b. Mycelium without setae; perithecia glabrous (1) Asci globose-ellipsoid (2) Asci clavate to cylindric (a) Paraphyses present X. Perithecia on a subiculum; fungicole y. Perithecia without subiculum; not fun- gicole (b) Paraphyses lacking Hyalophragmiae Spores x-celled, hyaline A. Perithecia separate, not in a disk Dichaetis 22:33 Chaetostigme TS 199; 8 Lasiostemma 24:248 Dimeriella 22:37, TS 462 Chrysomyces 24:237, TS 464 Stigme TS 199 Dimerina 24:245, TS 464 Alina 22:40, TS 460 Lasiobotrys 1:29, TS 460; 8 Stomatogene 24:236, TS 461 Piline 24:236, TS 461 Wageria 24:259 Chaetostigmella 24:257, TS 199 Apiosporina Phaeodimeris TS 463, 257 Parodiopsis 24:391, TS 464 Phaeostigme Parodiella 1:717, 9:409; 8 Dimerium 1:51, 16:410, TS 464 1. Perithecia setose or hairy 2. Perithecia glabrous B. Perithecia ostiolate, glabrous, in a disk Dimeriellopsis Mycophaga Paropsis 24:223 Phaeophragmiae Spores x-celled, dark A. Mycelium with hyphopodia 1. Mycelium with setae; perithecia setose ENGLERULACEAE 55 a. Paraphyses present b. Paraphyses absent 2. Mycelium without setae a. Perithecia appendaged or setose b. Perithecia glabrous B. Mycelium without hyphopodia 1. Mycelium with setae a. Paraphysoids present b. Paraphysoids lacking 2. Mycelium without setae a. Perithecia setose or hairy b. Perithecia glabrous (1) Spores with hyaline appendage at end (2) Spores not appendaged ci thcr Leptomeliola Meliola 1:60. TS 461; 8 Irene 24:358, TS 461 Irenina Meliolina 24:360, TS 463 Perisporiopsis 17:544 Haraea 24:350, TS 463 Ceratosperma 24:223 Perisporium 1:55; 8 Phaeodictyae Spores muriform, dark Mycelium without hyphopodia; perithecia hairy Pleomerium 24:223 Scolecosporae Spores acicular to filiform, septate or not, hyaline or dark A. Mycelium with hyphopodia Ophiomeliola 16:416 B. Mycelium without hyphopodia 1. Perithecia hairy 2. Perithecia glabrous Leptascospora 24:223 Tonduzia Family 22. ENGLERULACEAE 22:26, 24:229; TS 467 Mycelium superficial, bright-colored or dark, septate, straight-walled, with or without hyphopodia, sometimes lacking; perithecia superficial, globoid, astomous, sessile or stalked, parenchymic or with meridian hyphae, wholly or partly breaking up by a slimy histolysis; asci single or in basal clusters, mostly without paraphyses. In a critical account of this family, Petrak (Ann. Myc. 26:385-413, 1928) has eliminated nearly two-thirds of the genera referred to it by Theissen and Sydow in their monograph. Five become synonyms and five are treated as doubtful. Phaeodidymae Spores 2-celled, dark A. Perithecia parenchymic, the soft globose cells falling apart 1. Perithecia with persistent 1-celled stalk and single ascus 2. Perithecia sessile a. Mycelium with hyphopodia; asci one to many b. Mycelium without hyphopodia B. Perithecia of meridian hyphae, radiate at tip 1. Ascus single; setae present 2. Asci many; setae lacking; mycelium copious, with hyphopodia Thrauste 24:234, TS 469 Schiffnerula 22:27, TS 469 Englerula 17:529, TS 468 Linotexis 24:235, TS 470 Parenglerula 24:235, TS 470 56 PERISPORIALES Phaeophragmiae Spores x-celled, dark in mass Mycelium without hyphopodia; paraphyses present Hyalotexis Family 23. CAPNODIACEAE 1:73, 9:438, 11:270, 14:476, 17:555, 22:59, 24:366; TS 471 Mycelium superficial, rarely subcuticular, dematioid, sometimes straight-walled but the hyphae then agglutinate in skeins, often with setae but hyphopodia only rarely present; perithecia superficial, rarely with innate foot, composed of dematioid cells or of agglutinate, meridian hyphae, never of straight-walled polygonal cells as in Perisporiaceae, soft-fleshy or slimy-cartilaginous to tough-leathery, never car- bonous, globose to elongate-conical, sessile or stalked, hairy or glabrous; ostiole lacking or indefinite, rarely distinct; asci basal-umbellate or parallel, usually 8-sporcd and always without true paraphyses; pycnidia often subulate flask-shaped. This family approaches Perisporiaceae so closely on the one hand and Sphaeriaceae on the other that genera on the border-line must be traced in both keys concerned. Hyalosporae Spores 1-celled, hyaline Perithecia setose; asci 8-16 spored; spores globoid, very minute Oplothecium Hyalodidymae Spores 2-celled, hyaline A. Perithecia innate with central foot B. Perithecia superficial, without central foot 1. Perithecia stalked, globoid to oval 2. Perithecia sessile, globose a. Mycelium with setae (1) Perithecia setose, dark (2) Perithecia glabrous, bright-colored b. Mycelium without setae (1) Perithecia setose (2) Perithecia glabrous; ostiole more or less distinct Phaeodidymae Spores 2-celled, dark A. Mycelium subcuticular, with free setae; perithecia glabrous B. Mycelium superficial 1. Mycelium with setae a. Mycelium with hyphopodia; perithecia gla- brous (1) Ascus single (2) Asci many b. Mycelium without hyphopodia; perithecia setose 2. Mycelium without setae a. Perithecia setose b. Perithecia glabrous (1) Ascus single (2) Asci many Adelopus 24:371, TS 482 Antenellina Chaetothyrina 24:370, TS 474 Dimerosporina 24:369, TS 474 Ceratochaetopsis Calyptra 24:371, TS 478 Chaetobotrys 17:881, TS 482 Balladyna 16:411, TS 475 Balladynopsis 24:374, TS 475 Neohoehnelia 24:375, TS 476 Chaetyllis Balladynella 24:374, TS 478 Dysrhynchis 17:689, TS 478 CAPNODIACEAE 57 Hyalophragmiae Spores x-celled, hyaline A. Perithecia staHced or at least vertically elongate 1. Perithecia hairy Hypocapnodium 24:376 2. Perithecia glabrous a. Mycelium arachnoid, hyphae straight-walled Scorias 1:83, TS 473 b. Mycelium leathery, dematioid, walls con- stricted Antenella 24:367, TS 473 B. Perithecia sessile, globose 1. Mycelium with setae; perithecia more or less setose Chaetothyrium 9:1061, TS 477 2. Mycelium without setae a. Perithecia setose Trichomerium 24:223 b. Perithecia glabrous Limacinia 14:382, TS 478 Phaeophragmiae Spores x-celled, dark A. Perithecia stalked or at least vertically elongate Capnodaria 1:74, TS 474 B. Perithecia sessile, globose 1. Mycelium with setae; perithecia more or less setose Setella 24:384, TS 477 2. Mycelium without setae a. Perithecia setose (1) Ostiole present Capnophaeum 24:384 (2) Ostiole absent Aethalomyces b. Perithecia glabrous; ostiole usually present Phragmocapnias 24:385, TS 480 Hyalodictyae Spores muriform, hyaline A. Perithecia stalked or at least vertically elongate, glabrous Paracapnodium 24:367, TS 473 B. Perithecia sessile, globose 1. Mycelium with setae; perithecia setose Chaetomeris 22:495, TS 478 2. Mycelium without setae; perithecia glabrous Phaeopeltis 17:873, TS 480 Phaeodictyae Spores muriform, dark A. Perithecia stalked and elongate Capnodium 1:73, 80, TS 473; 8 B. Perithecia sessile, globose 1. Spores typically muriform Naetrocymbe 22:67, 24:388, TS 481 2. Spores cruciform-septate Schizocapnodium Scolecosporae Spores acicular to filiform, hyaline or dark A. Spores hyaline; mycelium with setae Actinocymbe 24:389, TS 478 B. Spores dark; mycelium without setae 1. Perithecia elongate, with ostiole Ophiocapnis 24:388 2. Perithecia globose, without ostiole Nematothecium 24:392 58 SPHAERIALES Family 24. TRICHOTHYRIACEAE 24:506; TS 15:484 Mycelium superficial, usually well-developed, rarely evanescent, dark, cottony or forming a membrane, mostly fungicole; perithecia round, radiate, somewhat flattened, the upper and lower walls somewhat unlike, inverted, the morphological base forming the apex with papilla and pore; asci several to many, small, clavate, hanging from the apex; paraphyses typically lacking; spores various. Hyalodidymae Spores 2-celled, hyaline or subhyaline A. Mycelium abundant, persistent Trichothyrium 9:1062, TS 487 B. Mycelium lacking Loranthomyces 24:507, TS 487; 8 Phaeodidymae Spores 2-celled, dark One genus Trichothyriella 24:507, TS 487; 8 Hyalophragmiae Spores 2-celled, hyaline or subhyaline A. Mycelium abundant, persistent Trichothyriopsis 24:507, TS 487 B. Mycelium lacking; perithecia hairy Actinopeltis TS 487; 8 Family 25. CORYNELIACEAE 9:1073, 11:385, 16:650, 22:513, 24:1104 Aerial mycelium none; stroma innate, then erumpent, flat to pulvinate, black, coriaceous to carbonous; perithecia on the stroma, usually cespitose, elongate, turbinate to flask-shaped, sessile or stipitate, when mature opening widely by means of a cleft or fimbriate-lacerate lobes; asci ovoid, with long slender stalks, 1-8-spored; paraphyses lacking; spores brown to nearly black when mature. Phaeosporae Spores 1-celled, brown to black A. Perithecia with definite stalk 1. Perithecia proliferating to form a second at the tip Sorica 17:621 2. Perithecia not proliferating Caliciopsis 8:833; 23 B. Perithecia without definite stalk Corynelia 9:1073; 17 Staurosporae Spores stellate with 4-5 conical rays One genus Tripospora 9:1073 Order 8. SPHAERIALES Mycelium typically immersed and scanty, sometimes formirg a subiculum and frequently compacted into a stroma of various types; perithecia innate to superficial, typically globoid, occasionally depressed, cupulate, conical or cylindric, regularly ostiolate, rarely astomous, sometimes with a beak or crest, wall fleshy, membranous, coriaceous or carbonous, bright-colored to dark, frequently hairy or setose, separate. SPHAERIACEAE 59 cespitose or composite in a stroma; asci typically clavate to cylindric and persistent, sometimes stalked, usually 8-spored but the spores varying from one to many, with paraphyses or paraphysoids, or these lacking; spores from minute botuliform to long filiform, hyaline to dark, continuous to septate. This is the typical order of the Pyrenomycetes and the one in which evolution has been the most active. In contrast to the ancestral Perisporiales, saprophytism has been developed in a high degree, accompanied by the sinking of the mycelium and the specialization of the perithecium for spore protection and distribution. In one direction this has produced the carbonous wall, in the other a fleshy one, both of sufficient thickness to necessitate the regular development of an ostiole for freeing the spores. This order is distinguished from the Perisporiales primarily by the presence of an ostiole, typically in the form of a perforate papilla or beak. As a rule, the mycelium is immersed instead of superficial, and is often developed into a stromal mass about the perithecia. The persistence of the perithecial wall in the stroma separates it from the Dothideales, in which the perithecia have become locules enclosed merely by stromal hjphae. This evolution has apparently taken place in two directions, the massive stroma giving rise to the Dothideae and the clypeus to the Phyllachoreae. The modification has been so gradual and continuous that the number of intermediate forms is large and these must be sought in both orders. The sphaerials with paraphysoids approach the Myriangiaceae to a certain degree, but it does not seem probable that they are phyletically connected. The Microthy- riales are set apart by the dimidiate and typically radiate ascoma, and usually also by the superficial mycelium and fruit-body. Key to Families A. Perithecia not parasitic on algae, without a thallus 1. Perithecia dark, membranous to carbonous a. Ostiole papillate or conical, round, not com- pressed Sphaeriaceae p. 59 b. Ostiole broad and compressed, the opening linear Lophiostomaceae p. 82 2. Perithecia bright-colored, rarely whitish, fleshy Hypocreaceae p. 76 B. Perithecia parasitic on algae, typically with a thallus Verrucariaceae p. 84 C. Ascomata at first perithecioid, then cupuloid, in a ramose or alveolate stroma Cyttariaceae p. 83 Family 26. SPHAERIACEAE Perithecia innate, erumpent or superficial from the first, typically globoid, sometimes lentiform, or cupulate-collapsing, rarely conical or cylindric, regularly ostiolate, rarely astomous, sometimes beaked, wall typically dark, brown to black, membranous, coriaceous or carbonous, never fleshy and bright-colored, frequently hairy, separate, cespitose or composite in a stroma; stroma scanty and immersed, or producing a subicle or stroma of various forms; asci typically clavate to cylindric and persistent, mostly 8-spored, paraphyses or paraphysoids present or sometimes, lacking; spores various. The first four families are intimately related, the line of descent being con- tinuous from the central sphaerials to Hypocreaceae and Lophiostomaceae. In the case of the former, whitish or hyaline forms are scarcely to be distinguished from innate membranous sphaerials, and a similar difficulty recurs in those genera with fleshy-leathery stromata. The thick compressed ostiole with a rimose opening 60 SPHAERIALES sets the Lophiostomaceae off distinctly from the other two families. This family may constitute an intermediate stage in the evolution of the Hysteriaceae from Sphaeriaceae, but the emphasis on the ostiole indicates that the carbonous genera of hysterials have sprung directly from the sphaerials, as a response to the structure of the matrix. The Verrucariacesc are lichens derived directly from Sphaeriaceae as a consequence of becoming parasitic on blue-green or yellow-green algae and developing a more or less conspicuous thallus. The fifth family is of problematic constitution and position, as indicated later. Allantosporae 1:88, 9:442, 11:271, 14:478, 16:417, 17:360, 22:67, 24:708, 775 Hyalallantiae Spores 1-celled, botuliform, hyaline or subhyaline A. Perithecia separate or cespitose, without distinct subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia innate, or finally erumpent a. Perithecia typically single or scattered (1) Perithecia beaked (2) Perithecia not beaked (a) Perithecia hairy (b) Perithecia glabrous X. Perithecia discoid or cupulate y. Perithecia globoid b. Perithecia cespitose or seriate (1) Perithecia in concentric groups between bark and wood (a) Perithecia hairy (b) Perithecia glabrous X, Asci 8-spored (x) Perithecia beaked (y) Perithecia not beaked y. Asci many-spored (2) Perithecia merely cespitose, imbedded in bark or wood; stroma sometimes indi- cated, as below (a) Perithecia imbedded in wood; asci 8-spored (b) Perithecia imbedded in the bark x. Asci 8-spored y. Asci many-spored 2. Perithecia superficial from the first a. Perithecia setose, ostiole central; asci 8-spored b. Perithecia glabrous, ostiole lateral; asci many- spored B. Perithecia on a subicle or in a stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle or mycelial pseudo- stroma a. Perithecia setose (1) Asci 8-spored (2) Asci many-spored b. Perithecia glabrous, typically cupulate-col- lapsing Wegelina 16:421 Enchnoa 1:89 Romellia 16:419 Massalongiella 1 :89 Coronophorella Calosphaeria 1:95. 16:419; 9 Togninia 1:101, 16:480 Coronophora 1:103 Endoxyla 1:181 Cryptosphaeria 1:182 Cryptosphaerella 1:185 Euacanthe Pleurostoma 1 :95 Acanthonitschkea 22:68 Neotrotteria 24:777 SPHAERIACEAE 61 (1) Ostiole present; mycelial spines lacking (a) Asci 8-spored X. Perithecia beaked, not cupulatc y. Perithecia not beaked (b) Asci manj'-spored (2) Ostiole lacking; mycelial spines present 2. Perithecia in a stroma, the latter sometimes obsolete a. Stroma formed by the changed matrix (1) Stroma valsoid, i. e., perithecia in a circle or row (a) Asci 4-8-spored X. Perithecia 4, rarely 6, in a stroma y. Perithecia many, 8-30, in a stroma (x) Stroma in the bark; perithecia with ostiole entire; asci sessile or sub- sessile (y) Stroma in or on the wood; perithecia with sulcate ostiole; asci stalked (b) Asci many-spored (2) Stroma eutypoid, i.e., more or less broadly effuse (a) Stroma evident X. .'Ksci 8-spored y, Asci many-spored (b) Stroma more or less indistinct or obso- lete X. Asci 8-spored (x) Stroma in the bark (y) Stroma in the wood y. Asci many-spored b. Stroma different from the matrix, diatrypoid (1) Asci 8-spored (2) Asci many-spored Phaeallantiae Spores 1-celled, botuliform, Stroma pulvinate, different from matrix, erumpent Rostronitschkea 24:776 Nitschkea 1:91, 11:272; 9 Fracchiaea 1 :93 ; 9 Sydowinula Quaternaria 1:106 Valsa 1:108; 9 Eutypella 1:145, 17:569; 9 Valsella 1:158 Eutypa 1:162, 17:569; 9 Cryptovalsa 1:187 Cryptosphaeria 1:182 Endoxyla 1:181 Cryptosphaerella 1:186 Diatrype 1:91, 9:480; 9 Diatrypella 1:200 dark Phaeotrype 24:849 Hyalosporae 1:407. A:58, 9:577, 11:289, 14:515, 16:452, 17:573, 22:71, 24:778 Spores 1-celled, not botuliform, hyaline to subhyaline A. Perithecia separate to cespitose 1, Perithecia innate, or finally erumpent a. Perithecia beaked or with stellate ostiole (1) Perithecia carbonous (a) Perithecia hairy; beak bent (b) Perithecia glabrous; beak straight (2) Perithecia membranous, usually folicole (a) Ostiole stellate or lobed X. Ostiole densely hairy-coronate, brown, 3-5-lobed Paidania 22:80 y. Ostiole not coronate, white, stellate with black, wart-like lobes Rinia 17:591 Camptosphaeria 1:143 Rostrosphaeria 62 SPHAERIALES (b) Ostiole not stellate or lobed, black, beaked X. Spores with mucous sheath, long-striate Amylis y. Spores without mucous sheath (1) Perithecia in a pseudostroma (2) Perithecia not in a pseudostroma , Perithecia not beaked or stellate (1) Perithecia with clypeus or epistroma (a) Perithecia with a clypeus, i.e. black ad hering epiderm X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (x) Asci 8-spored (y) Asci 16-spored (b) Perithecia with epistroma splitting radi ally Mamiana 24:705 Gnomoniella 1:413; 9 Causalis 24: 1262 Sphaerognomonia 22:78; 10 Stevensiella 24:808 (2) Perithecia without clypeus or epistroma (a) Paraphyses present X. Perithecia setulose y. Perithecia glabrous (x) Asci 2-spored (y) Asci 8-spored m. Spores with a mucous sheath n. Spores without mucous sheath (m) Perithecia lichenicole (n) Perithecia perithecicole (o) Perithecia not in lichens or other perithecia (b) Paraphysoids present; i nt ramat rical hyphae more or less well developed (c) Paraphyses or paraphysoids lacking X. Asci 1-2-spored (x) Perithecia ostiolate, not lichenicole (y) Perithecia astomous, then splitting irregularly at apex, lichenicole y. Asci 4-8-spored (x) Asci globose; spores with an irregu- lar wing (y) Asci not globose or spores winged m. Spores long-caudate at one or both ends n. Spores not caudate (m) Perithecia lichenicole (n.) Perithecia not lichenicole z. Asci many-spored (x) Perithecia hairy (y) Perithecia glabrous 2. Perithecia superficial from the first a. Perithecia beaked (1) Spores wi'h a ring-like appendage (2) Spores not appendaged X. Perithecia hairy y. Perithecia glabrous Schizoparme Physalosporella 22:290 Dicarpella 24:743 Myelosperma 24:815 Sporophysa 17:586 Cryptonectriopsis 24:742 Physalospora 1:433; 9 Montagnellina 24:636 Geminispora 11:292 Spolverinia 17:577 Samarospora 11:254 Urospora 1:488, 14:523 Paralaestadia 17:576 Phomatospora 1:420, 432 Polytrichia 1:451 Ditopella 1:450 Rostrella 17:609 Cerastomis 2:409 Ceratostomella 2:408; 9 SPHAERIACEAE 63 » b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia hairy (a) Asci 8-spored (b) Asci 16-spored (2) Perithecia glabrous (a) Spores stellate (b) Spores not stellate X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphysoids present B. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle a. Perithecia sunken in a subicle with spines or conidia (1) Subicle with spines; spores not reniform (2) Subicle with conidia; spores reniform b. Subicle without spines or conidia (1) Perithecia hairy; paraphyses present (2) Perithecia glabrous (a) Subicle crustose; asci very long stalked; paraphysoids present (b) Subicle cottony; asci not long stalked; paraphyses lacking 2. Perithecia with a stroma a. Perithecia beaked (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphyses lacking b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Stroma bright red or yellow; paraphyses lacking (2) Stroma brown or black (a) Stroma valsiform; perithecia circinate with long necks converging into a common canal (b) Stroma not valsiform; perithecia with- out long necks X. Stroma lineate y. Stroma pulvinate (x) Stroma sclerotium-like, with black carbonous crust and hyaline center (y) Stroma not sclerotium-like, botryose Trichosphaeria 1:452; 10 Trichosphaerella 9:604 Inzengaea 9:610 Wallrothiella 1 :455 Epithyma 24:239 Scortechinia A:68, 9:604 Nephrospora Miyoshiella 22:92 Pilgeriella 16:464 Vestergrenia 16:465 Glomerella 16:452, 17:573; 10 Hyperus Endothia 1:601 Crytosporella 1 :466 Scirrhiella 9:1030 Mazzantia 2:591 Botryosphaeria 1:456; 10 Phaeosporae 1:214, 9:481, 11:278, 14:489, 16:427, 17:593, 22:94, 24:816 Spores 1-celled, not botuliform, dark, yellow, olive or brown A. Perithecia separate to cespitose but without sub- icle or stroma 1. Perithecia innate, or finally erumpent a. Perithecia persistently innate (1) Perithecia with a clypeus or epistroma (a) Perithecia with a clypeus X. Spores appendaged at one or both ends Entosordaria 1:286 y. Spores not appendaged (x) Perithecia lichenicole Anthostomaria 17:595 (y) Perithecia not lichenicole Anthostomella 1:278; 10 64 SPHAERIALES (b) Perithecia with a 5-6-radiate episiroma (2) Perithecia without clypeus or epistroma (a) Perithecia beaked (b) Perithecia not beaked X. Spores with a mucous sheath y. Spores without mucous sheath b. Perithecia finally erumpent (1) Asci 8-spored; epiderm rupturing stel- lately; not lichenicole (2) Asci many-spored (a) Perithecia lichenicole (b) Perithecia not lichenicole 2. Perithecia superficial from the first a. Perithecia beaked (1) Spores lunulate; fimicole (2) Spores globoid to elliptic; not fimicole (a) Perithecia setose (b) Perithecia glabrous X. Asci 1-spored y. Asci 8-spored b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia membranous (a) Spores with mucous sheath or tail; usually fimicole X. Spores with mucous sheath y. Spores caudate at one or both ends (x) Asci 4-8-spored (y) Asci many-spored (b) Spores without mucous sheath or tail; perithecia typically with long branched or spiral hairs X. Spores globoid to elliptic y. Spores triangular (2) Perithecia typically carbonous; spores not caudate (a) Perithecia setose (b) Perithecia glabrous X. Perithecia lichenicole y. Perithecia not lichenicole (3) Perithecia coriaceous to corneous; spores caudate at one or both ends B. Perithecia with subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle a. Perithecia collapsing into cups; paraphyses absent b. Perithecia not collapsing; paraphyses present (1) Perithecia hairy; fungicole (2) Perithecia glabrous; not fungicole 2. Perithecia with a stroma a. Stroma immersed (1) Stroma in wood or bark, valsoid or dia- trypoid (2) Stroma in leaves, with a hypostroma Erikssonia 14:710, 24:848 Acanthorhynchus 22:300 Leptomassaria 24:826 Paranthostomella 22:101 Astrocystis 1:293 Muellerella A:49, 9:483 Mesniera 16:440 Micrascus A:37, 9:483 Chaetoceris 24:1070 Cryptascus 22:298 Ceratostoma 1:215; 10 Sordaria 1:230; 10 Podospora Philocopra 1:249 Chaetomium 1:220; 10 Bommerella A:38, 9:486 Coniochaeta 1:269 Adelococcus Rosellinia 1:252; 10 Bombardia 1:277; 10 Tympanopsis 11:283 Helminthosphaeria 1 :230 Rosellinia 1:252; 10 Anthostoma 1:293; 10 Pseudotthiella SPHAERIACEAE 65 b. Stroma superficial, carbonous to soft-leathery or sometimes almost fleshy (1) Stroma effuse, pulvinate, globoid or cupu- late, without sterile base or stalk (a) Stroma effuse X. Perithecia with long necks; spores with- out mucous sheath; lignicole y. Perithecia without necks; spores with mucous sheatli; fimicole (b) Stroma globoid, pulvinate or cupulate, sometimes confluent and crustose X. Stroma concentrically zoned y. Stroma not concentrically zoned (x) Stroma solid m. Perithecia in several series covered by a fragmenting peridium n. Perithecia typically in one series, without fragmenting peridium (m) Stroma discoid or cupulate; co- nidia below upper layer (n) Stroma pulvinate to hemispheric, often confluent and then crus- tose; conidia superficial (y) Stroma more or less hollow m. Stroma woody-fleshy, hemispheric, hollow, pale, the surface crested- alveolate n. Stroma carbonous, black, somewhat hollow, the surface not crested- alveolate (2) Stroma stipitate, terete, cylindric, clavate, or fruticose, sometimes capitate, discoid or cupulate above (a) Stroma broadened into a disk above; spores with mucous sheath (b) Stroma not discoid above; spores with- out sheath X. Perithecia immersed laterally (x) Stroma clavate or filiform, often branched (y) Stromata capitate, forming a crust y. Perithecia immersed vertically (x) Perithecia in a circle below the trun- cate disk (y) Perithecia crowded below an oper- culate disk Bolinia 1:352 Hypocopra 1:240; 10 Daldinia 1:393; 11 Peridoxylum Nummularia 1:395; 11 Hypoxylum 1:352; 11 Cerillum 24:650 Ustulina 1:350; 11 Poronia 1:348; 11 Xylaria 1:309; 11 Kretschmaria 9:965 Camillea 1:346 Henningsina 16:450 Hyalodidymae 1:475, 9:611, 11:295, 14:525, 16:468, 17:635, 22:120, 24:849 Spores 2-celled, hyaline or subhyaline, ovoid to oblong or fusoid A. Perithecia separate or cespitose, rarely subiculoid 1. Perithecia innate, or finally erumpent a. Perithecia beaked 66 SPHAERIALES (1) Perithecia concentric in groups between bark and wood (2) Perithecia not in concentric groups (a) Asci 8-spored X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Asci many-spored b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia with clypeus or epistroma (a) Perithecia with clypeus X. Spores appendaged both ways; ostiole oblique y. Spores not appendaged; ostiole straight (x) Paraphyses present (y) Paraphyses lacking (b) Perithecia with 5-6-radiate epistroma (2) Perithecia without clypeus or epistroma (a) Perithecia setose, often about apex only (b) Perithecia not setose X. Spores with mucous sheath or appen- dages (x) Spores with mucous sheath (y) Spores caudate at each end y. Spores without sheath or appendages (x) Paraphyses present m. Perithecia cespitose, carbonous n. Perithecia sparse to gregarious, typi- cally membranous (m) Perithecia with long branched hairs; typically lichenicole (n) Perithecia glabrous r. Perithecia lichenicole s. Perithecia not lichenicole (y) Paraphysoids present m. Perithecia lichenicole n. Perithecia not lichenicole (m) Asci few, ovoid (n) Asci many, clavate-cylindric (z) Paraphyses and paraphysoids lacking 2. Perithecia superficial a. Perithecia beaked (1) Spores expelled in a mucous mass (2) Spores not expelled in a mucous mass (a) Perithecia setose; paraphyses lacking (b) Perithecia glabrous; paraphyses present b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia setose or hairy (a) Paraphyses present (b) Paraphyses lacking X. Perithecia lichenicole y. Perithecia insecticole z. Perithecia foli-caulicole, sometimes col- lapsing Cacosphaeria 9:699 Pseudodiaporthe 22:388 Gnomonia 1:561; 11 Rehmiella 9:675 Plagiostigme Stegophora Hypospilina 2:190 Periaster Venturia 1:586; 11 Massarinula 14:536 Ceriosporella Otthiella 1:739, 17:662 Arcangelia 9:696 Didymellopsis 17:657 Didymella 1:545; 11 Polycarpella Wettsteinina 22:406 Pseudosphaerella 24:631 Mycosphaerella 1:476; 9:659; 11 Spumatoria 16:1134 Chaetolentomita 24:1072 Lentomita 1 :584 Gibbera 1:599 Echinothecium 16:484 Cantharosphaeria 24:923 Coleroa SPHAERIACEAE 67 (2) Perithecia glabrous (a) Paraphyses present X. Spores short, elliptic to fusoid (x) Perithecia coarsely warted or ridged m. Perithecia lichenicole n. Perithecia not lichenicole (y) Perithecia not warted or ridged m. Perithecia lichenicole n, Perithecia not lichenicole y. Spores long, botuliform, fusiform or cylindric, sometimes continuous (b) Paraphyses lacking X. Asci 8-spored (x) Perithecia with innate basal stroma or foot (y) Perithecia without basal stroma y. Asci many-spored B. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle a. Perithecia cupulate-collapsing (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphyses lacking b. Perithecia not cupulate-collapsing (1) Perithecia hairy (a) Ostiole present (b) Ostiole lacking (2) Perithecia glabrous (a) Paraphyses present X. Spores with long hyaline setae at each end y. Spores without setae (b) Paraphyses lacking 2. Perithecia with a stroma a. Stroma bright-colored (1) Stroma white and soft (2) Stroma yellow or red, leathery b. Stroma black, carbonous or woody (1) Stroma superficial; perithecial wall radiate; paraphyses lacking (2) Stroma immersed, then more oi less erumpent; perithecial wall not radiate (a) Paraphyses present X. Perithecia setose y. Perithecia not setose (x) Spores with appendages m. Spores with an appendage at one or both ends n. Spores also with two or more ap- pendages at the septum (y) Spores without appendages m. Stroma immersed; conidia on a stroma n. Stroma erumpent-superficial; conidia in a pycnidium Rhagadostoma Bertia 1:581 Pharcidia 9:676, 17:635 Melanopsamma 1:575; 11 Thaxteria 9:687 Monopus 24:634 Montemartinia Kirschsteinia 22:164 Dimerinopsis Winterina Apiosporina Lasiostemma 24:248 Neokeissleria 24:747 Plactogene Ascospora Melchiora 14:538 Endothia 1:601; 12 Loranthomyces 24:539; 8 Cyphospilea Melanidium 1 :604 Caudospora Melanconis 1:602 Myrmaeciella 1:600, L 478 68 SPHAERIALES (b) Paraphyses lacking X. Perithecia setose; stroma thin, subcutic- ular Montagnina y. Perithecia glabrous; stroma vaisoid or diatrypoid (x) Spores appendaged at one or both ends Chorostella 1 :623 (y) Spores not appendaged m. Stroma vaisoid Chorostate 1:606; 12 n. Stroma diatrypoid Diaporthe 1:631 Phaeodidymae 1:701, 9:723, 11:312, 14:551, 16:498, 17:675, 22:169, 303, 390, 24:762, 924, 1074 Spores 2-celled, dark, yellow to olive or brown, ovoid to oblong or fusoid A. Perithecia separate 1. Perithecia innate, or finally erumpent a. Perithecia beaked b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia with clypeus or epistroma (a) Perithecia with clypeus X. Perithecia setose y. Perithecia glabrous (x) Paraphyses present m. Perithecia membranous; spores not mucose Rhynchostoma 1:730 Metacoleroa Stegastroma 24:936 n. Perithecia carbonous; spores mucose Seynesia 2:668 (y) Paraphyses lacking (b) Perithecia with disk-like epistroma (2) Perithecia without clypeus or epistroma (a) Perithecia hairy (b) Perithecia glabrous X. Paraphyses present (x) Spores with mucous sheath or ap- pendages m. Spores with mucous sheath only n. Spores with appendages, rarely a sheath also (y) Spores without mucous sheath or appendages m. Asci 8-spored (m) Perithecia lichenicole (n) Perithecia not lichenicole r. Asci on a central sterile column s. Asci basal-peripheral n. Asci many-spored; lichenicole y. Paraphyses lacking (x) Perithecia lichenicole (y) Perithecia not lichenicole 2. Perithecia superficial from the first a. Perithecia hairy (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphysoids present Teratosphaeria 24:538, 635 Haplovalsaria Pyrenobotrys 24:538, 635 Phorcys Ceriospora 2:184, 14:19 Endococcus 22:176 Hypocelis Didymosphaeria 1 :701 ; 12 Tichothecium 17:676 Sphaerellothecium 17:676 Phaeosphaerella 9:723 Protoventuria A:113, 9:74 Epipolaeum 24:1132 SPHAERIACEAE 69 (3) Paraphyses and paraphysoids lacking; fungicole b. Perithecia glabrous (1) Perithecia carbonous; paraphyses present (2) Perithecia membranous (a) Asci 8-spored X. Paraphyses present; spores with mucous sheath; fimicole y. Paraphyses lacking (x) Perithecia cupulate (y) Perithecia not cupulate m. Perithecia fungicole n. Perithecia muscicole (b) Asci many-spored B. Perithecia cespitose or forming a crust, no true subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia cespitose, with distinct ostiole a. Perithecia innate-erumpent, ramicole b. Perithecia superficial, lichenicole 2. Perithecia forming a crust, ostiole indistinct or lacking C. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a superficial mycelium or subicle a. Perithecia beaked (1) Paraphyses present (a) Spores with a mucous sheath (b) Spores without a mucous sheath (2) Paraphyses lacking b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Paraphyses present (a) Perithecia hairy X. Asci 2-spored y. Asci 8-sporcd (b) Perithecia glabrous X. Perithecia carbonous y. Perithecia membranous (x) Perithecia fungicole (y) Perithecia not fungicole (2) Paraphysoids present (a) Subiculum with spines (b) Subiculum without spines X. Perithecia hairy y. Perithecia glabrous (3) Paraphyses and paraphysoids lacking 2. Perithecia with a stroma a. Stroma discoid to pulvinatc (1) Stroma phyllogcnous (a) Perithecia superficial (b) Perithecia immersed (2) Stroma not phyllogenous (a) Paraphyses present X. Spores with mucous sheath y. Spores without mucous sheath Acanthostoma 24:366 Amphisphaeria 1:718; 12 Delitschia 1:732 Gaillardiclla 14:559 Bolosphaera 24 :926 Lizonia 1:574 Delitschiella 17:688 Otthia 1:735; 12 Sorothelia A:122, 9:728 Parodiella 1:717; 8 Sydowina Gibellina A:413, 9:740 Rhynchomeliola A:127, 9:751 Pachyspora 22:185 Neopeckia A:26, 9:749 Aloysiella 22:188 Pseudodimerium Lojkania 22:486 Acantharia 24:1132 Apiosporina Hypoplegma 24:252 Porostigme 24:948 Licopolia 16:508 Pseudothis 24:766 Massariovalsa 9:755 70 SPHAERIALES (x) Stroma valsoid Valsaria 1:741; 12 (y) Stroma eutypoid Endoxylina 11:318 (b) Paraphyses lacking Melanconiella 1:740 b. Stroma erect, subteretc, simple or branched Xylobotryum 11:319, 14:20 Hyalophragmiae 2:152, 9:824, 11:332, 14:381, 16:528, 17:692, 22:189, 300, 24:767, 948, 1075 Spores x-cclled, hyaline to subhyaline, oblong, cylindric, or fusiform. The ratio between length and width is less than 20:1; in a few genera of this section the spores are typical in form, but merely 1-scptate or even continuous. A. Perithecia separate, sometimes gregarious but rarely cespitose 1. Perithecia innate, or finally crumpent a. Perithecia beaked (1) Perithecia carbonous, lignicole; paraph- yses present (2) Perithecia membranous, folicole; paraph- yses lacking b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia with a clypcus (a) Paraphyses present (b) Paraphyses lacking (2) Perithecia without clypeus (a) Perithecia hairy (b) Perithecia glabrous X. Paraphyses present (x) Spores with a mucous sheath (y) Spores without a mucous sheath m. Perithecia membranous (m) Perithecia on spermaphytes r. Spores with a seta at each end s. Spores without setae (n) Perithecia on thallophytes r. Perithecia lichenicole s. Perithecia uredicole t. Perithecia fucicole n. Perithecia carbonous (m) Spores with a seta at each end, very long, 20-30-septate (n) Spores without setae, few-septate r. Perithecia warted or ridged s. Perithecia not warted or ridged y. Paraphysoids present (x) Spores with a mucous sheath (y) Spores without mucous sheath 2. Paraphyses and paraphysoids lacking 2. Perithecia superficial from the first a. Perithecia hairy or setose (1) Perithecia membranous (a) Paraphyses present (b) Paraphyses lacking Ceratosphaeria 2:227; 12 Cryptoderis 2:229, 17:716 Clypeothecium Hypospila 2:189 Chaetopyrenis 24:961 Massarina 2:153 Keissleria 2:184, 14:19 Metasphaeria 2:156; 12 Pharcidiopsis 17:646 Eudarluca 22:201 Lulworthia 24:1059 Saccardoella 2:190 Bertiella Melomastia 2:213 Pseudosphaeria 22:407 Phragmosperma 24:1131 Sphaerulina 2:186 Aphanostigme Acanthostigma 2:207 SPHAERIACEAE 71 (2) Perithecia carbonous (a) Perithecia lichenicole (b) Perithecia not lichenicole; spores some- times faintly septate or continuous b. Perithecia glabrous (1) Perithecia stalked, covered with a bright powder (2) Perithecia not stalked or powdery (a) Paraphyses present X. Perithecia soft, membranous y. Perithecia hard, carbonous (b) Paraphysoids present B. Perithecia cespitose, glabrous, finally collabent C. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle a. Perithecia hairy or setose (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphyses lacking b. Perithecia glabrous (1) Paraphyses present; asci 8-spored (2) Paraphyses lacking; asci many-spored 2. Perithecia in a stroma a. Stroma white, lanose; lichenicole b. Stroma black; not lichenicole (1) Stroma immersed, small, valsoid (2) Stroma superficial (a) Stroma large, short-stalked, asperate; spores muticate (b) Stroma small; spores ciliatc both ways Enchnosphaeria 2:207 Lasiosphaeria 2:191, 198; 12 Bombardiastrum 11:338 Sporoctomorpha Zignoella 2:214; 12 Phanerococcus 24:1132 Baumiella 17:708 Nematostigma 24:973 Pseudoperis Thaxteriella Sydowia 11:341, 24:964 Dichosporium 16:542 Calospora 2:231; 12 Petrakiella Broomella 2:557; 16 Phaeophragmiae 2:1, 9:759, 11:319, 14:561, 16:510, 17:718, 22:214, 305, 396, 24:768, 979, 1077 Spores x-celled, dark, yellow to olive or brown, oblong, cylindric or fusiform. The ratio between length and width is less than 20:1, and usually less than 10:1. A. Perithecia separate, sometimes gregarious, but not cespitose 1. Perithecia innate, or finally erumpcnt a. Perithecia beaked b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia with a clypeus (2) Perithecia without clypeus (a) Perithecia setose X. Perithecia fungicole y. Perithecia not fungicole (b) Perithecia glabrous X. Perithecia fimicole; spores with mucous sheath y. Perithecia not fimicole (x) Spores with mucous sheath or ap- pendages m. Spores with mucous sheath Rhynchosphaeria 16:524 Clypeosphaeria 2:90; 13 Litschaueria Pocosphaeria 11:325 Sporormia 2:123; 13 Massaria 2:2; 13 72 SPHAERIALES n. Spores with appendages (m) Spores with stout conical appen- dage at base (n) Spores with a long seta at each end (y) Spores without sheath or appendages m. Paraphyses present (m) Perithecia membranous r. Perithecia lichenicole s. Perithecia not lichenicole (n) Perithecia carbonous n. Paraphysoids present o. Paraphyses and paraphysoids lacking (m) Perithecia lichenicole (n) Perithecia not lichenicole 2. Perithecia superficial from the first a. Perithecia hairy or setose (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphyses lacking b. Perithecia glabrous (1) Spores biconic, a 2-3-septate hyaline ap- pendage at each end (2) Spores not biconic and appendaged (a) Perithecia fimicole; spores usually with mucous sheath (b) Perithecia not fimicole; spores without sheath X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking B. Perithecia cespitose 1. Perithecia fungicole 2. Perithecia lignicole C. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle or thin superficial stroma a. Perithecia parasitic on insects b. Perithecia lignicole (1) Perithecia on a subicle, submembranous, typically collapsing (2) Perithecia on a thin superficial stroma, not collapsing; spore-cells finally sepa- rating 2. Perithecia in a stroma, the latter typically immersed a. Stroma lichenicole b. Stroma fimicole c. Stroma phytogenous (1) Paraphyses present (a) Asci with a single large spore; perithe- cia valsoid (b) Asci 4-8 spored X. Spores appendaged both ways y. Spores not appendaged (x) Stroma valsoid Rebentischia 2:12 Keissleria 2:184, 14:19 Xenosphaeria 17:730 Leptosphaeria 2:13, 88; 13 Trematosphaeria 2:115; 13 Scleroplella 24:1131 Phaeospora 16:519 Phaeosphaeria 22:214 Lasiosphaeris 2:194 Herpotrichiella 24:973 Caryospora 2:122 Sporormia 2:123; 13 Melanomma 2:98; 13 Gillotia 22:253 Philonectria 24:1016 Gibberidea 2:132 Coccidophthora 24:1018 Chaetosphaeria 2:92; 13 Ohleria 2:96 Trematosphaeris 17:735 Sporormiella Titania 9:823 Broomella 2:557; 16 SPHAERIACEAE 11 m. Stroma innate; conidia on a stroma n. Stroma erumpent-superficial; conidia in a pycnidium (y) Stroma diatrypoid (2) Paraphyses lacking Aglaospora 2:133, 135, 140; 13 Melogramma 2:144; 13 Kalmusia 2:142 Cryptosphaerina 16:521 Hyalodictyae 2:238, 9:872, 11:349, 14:611, 16:554, 17:743, 22:253, 400, 24:1019, 1077 Spores transversely and longitudinally septate, typically muriform, hyaline to subhyaline, oblong to fusiform. A, Perithecia separate 1. Perithecia innate, or finally erumpcnt a. Perithecia beaked b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia with a clypeus (2) Perithecia without a clypeus (a) Perithecia setose; asci 16-spored (b) Perithecia glabrous; asci typically spored, sometimes 1-4-spored X, Paraphyses present y. Paraphysoids present z. Paraphyses and paraphysoids lacking (x) Perithecia lichenicole (y) Perithecia not lichenicole 2. Perithecia superficial from the first a. Perithecia hairy b. Perithecia glabrous B. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle a. Perithecia setose, globoid b. Perithecia glabrous, collapsing 2. Perithecia in a stroma a. Perithecia projecting, setose b. Perithecia immersed, glabrous (1) Stroma immersed; paraphyses present (a) Stroma valsoid (b) Stroma diatrypoid (2) Stroma superficial; paraphyses lacking 8- Rhamphoria 2:307 Peltosphaeria 9:898; 14 Capronia 2:288 Julella 2:289 Pseudoplea 24:1131 Norrlinia Pringsheimia 11:350; 14 Ophiodictyum 16:555 Tichosporella 11:351; 14 Boerlagella 14:612 Phaeopeltis 17:873 Berlesiella 9:914; 14 Clathridium 11:350, 2:332 Thyridella 11:351 Pleomelogramma 22:401 Phaeodictyae 2:238, 9:872, 11:341, 14:594, 16:554, 17:746, 22:258, 401, 24:711, 1024 Spores transversely and longitudinally septate, typically muriform, dark, yellow, olive or brown, oblong to fusiform. A. Perithecia separate 1. Perithecia innate, or finally erumpent a. Perithecia with a clypeus b. Perithecia Xvithout a clypeus (1) Perithecia setose (a) Spores Compressed, flattened (b) Spores not flattened X. Perithecia sclerotioid; paraphysoids present Phaeopeltium 11:344 Comoclathris 24:1039 Pyrenophora 2:277; 14 74 SPHAERIALES y. Perithecia not sclerotioid, often colla- bent; paraphyses lacking (2) Perithecia glabrous (a) Spores with mucous sheath or appen- dages X. Spores with mucous sheath y. Spores with hyaline beak at each end (b) Spores without mucous sheath or ap- pendages X. Paraphyses present (x) Perithecia membranous, often colla- bent m. Spores compressed, flattened n. Spores not flattened; asci 2-8-spored (y) Perithecia coriaceous, not collabent y. Paraphysoids present; perithecia sclero- tioid z. Paraphyses and paraphysoids lacking (x) Perithecia lichenicole (y) Perithecia not lichenicole 2. Perithecia superficial from the first a. Perithecia hairy b. Perithecia glabrous (1) Perithecia corrugate-warted (2) Perithecia not corrugate-warted B. Perithecia cespitose, usually on a crustose or felted stroma C. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia on a subicle, glabrous 2. Perithecia in a stroma a. Spores with a mucous sheath b. Spores without a mucous sheath (1) Paraphyses present (a) Stroma valsoid (b) Stroma diatrypoid (2) Paraphysoids present Chaetoplea 2:279 Pleomassaria 2:239 Delacourea 2:288 Clathrospora 9:894 Pleospora 2:241; 14 Karstenula 2:240 Scleroplea 2:277 Merismatium 16:553 Leptosphaerulina 17:746 Pleosphaeria 2:304 Crotonocarpia 2:305 Tichospora 2:290; 14 Cucurbitaria 2:307; 14 Naetrocymbe 22:66 Montagnula 14:603 Fenestella 2:325; 14 Thyridium 2:323 Curreya 2:651 Scolecosporae 2:237, 9:923, 11:351, 14:613, 16:557, 17:767, 22:289, 306, 404, 24:774, 1058, 1077 Spores acicular to filiform, the ratio of length to width 20:1 or more, continuous or septate, hyaline or subhyaline, rarely dark. Hyaloscoleciae Spores hyaline to subhyaline A. Perithecia separate, rarely cespitose 1. Perithecia innate, or finally erumpent a. Perithecia beaked (1) Perithecia with a clypeus; beak often lateral; paraphyses lacking (2) Perithecia without a clypeus; paraphyses present (a) Perithecia erect; beak straight, not dis- coid at tip Linospora 2:354; 15 Ophioceras 2:358, 11:353 SPHAERIACEAE 75 (b) Perithecia horizontal; beak right-angled, discoid at tip b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia with a clypeus (2) Perithecia without a clypeus (a) Perithecia hairy or setose (b) Perithecia glabrous X. Spores with mucous sheath or appen- dages (x) Spores with mucous sheath (y) Spores with a seta at each end y. Spores without sheath or appendages (x) Perithecia with several ostioles; paraphyses lacking (y) Perithecia with a single ostiole m. Perithecia lichenicole (m) Asci 8-spored (n) Asci many-spored n. Perithecia not lichenicole (m) Paraphyses present r. Perithecia globose to conoid s. Perithecia cylindric, truncate (n) Paraphysoids present (o) Paraphyses lacking r. Perithecia algicole, astomous; spores just below 20:1 s. Perithecia graminicole, ostiolate; spores typically filform 2. Perithecia superficial a. Perithecia hairy; paraphyses lacking b. Perithecia glabrous (1) Perithecia fimicole; spores long-awned at each end (2) Perithecia not fimicole; spores muticate (a) Perithecia globoid to conoid; ostiole normal (b) Perithecia clongatc-cylindric, ostiole sul- cate B. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle a. Paraphyses present b. Paraphyses lacking 2. Perithecia with a stroma a. Stroma superficial; perithecia setose b. Stroma immersed or erumpent (1) Stroma erumpent (a) Paraphyses present (b) Paraphyses lacking ^2) Stroma immersed, disk alone emerging (a) Necks of perithecia short, scarcely con- verging; conidia in a pycnidium (b) Necks of perithecia long, converging into a disk; conidia on a stroma Robergea 2:806 Ceuthocarpum 14:618 Ophiochaeta 11:352 Ophiomassaria 11:353 Dilophia 2:357; 15 Crigerosphaeria 24:1060 Rhaphidophora 2:351 Neolamya 2:351 Ophiobolus 2:337; 15 Cylindrina A:421, 9:937 Ophiocarpella 24:638, 1131 Lulworthia 24:1059 Ophiosphaerella 22:290 Acerbiella 17:768 Bovilla 2:360 Leptosporella 14:619 Bactrosphaeria 14:617 Bombardiella 22:292 Trichospermella 24:364 Acanthotheca SUlia 1:361; 15 Naumovia Vialaea 14:619 Cryptospora 2:361; 15 7e SPHAERIALES Phaeoscoleciae Spores dark A. Perithecia separate, innate, beaked Exilispora B. Perithecia immersed in an effuse superficial strorna, not beaked Maurya 14:620 Family 27. HYPOCREACEAE 2:447, 9:941, 11:354, 14:621, 16:559, M -.111 , 22:443, 24:447 Perithecia innate or superficial, typically globoid, occasionally flask-shaped or cylindric, regularly ostiolate, rarely astomous, sometimes beaked, wall typically fleshy and bright-colored, usually reddish, more rarely yellow, whitish or blue, single, cespitose or composite in a stroma; mycelium scanty and immersed, or producing a subicle or stroma; asci, paraphyses and spores various, as in Sphaeriaceae. As a rule, the Hypocreaceae are readily distinguished from the Sphaeriaceae by the fleshy bright-colored perithecia. These criteria, together with the presence of a distinct perithecial wall, serve also to separate them from Dothideaceae. The Perisporiales differ in being typically astomous and in the wall being at most soft- membranous or slimy, never truly fleshy, though occasionally bright-colored. Per- haps the greatest difificulty comes in distinguishing Hypocreaceae from the per- sistently innate Sphaeriaceae of folicole habit, in which the wall is often soft- membranous, but never truly fleshy and bright-colored, and from such stromate forms as Xylaria and Hypoxylum of more or less fleshy texture when fresh, but usually dark-colored. The Hypocreaceae are regarded as derived directly from the Sphaeriaceae, under conditions permitting a larger or more assured water-supply, though a few may have sprung from Perisporiales. This line of evolution comes to an end in the group without giving rise to other families. Allantosporae 17:778, 24:640 Spores 1-celled, botuliform, hyaline or subhyaline One genus Allantonectria 17:778; 15 Hyalosporae 2:477, 9:941, 11:354, 14:621, 16:559, 17:778, 22:443, 24:448 Spores 1-celled, globose to oblong, hyaline or subhyaline, not yellow, olive or brown. A. Perithecia separate 1. Perithecia innate, or finally more or less erum- pent a. Asci 8-spored (1) Spores globose; paraphyses present Mycaureola (2) Spores not globose; paraphyses lacking Hyponectria 2:4-55 b. Asci many-spored; algal hosts often present Thelocarpum 9:946, Z 213 2. Perithecia superficial or nearly so a. Spores hemispheric, spiny Clistosoma A:195, 9:943 b. Spores not hemispheric and spiny (1) Perithecia hairy Notarisiella 2; 452; 15 (2) Perithecia glabrous Nectriella 2:448 HYPOCREACEAE 77 B. Perithecia cespitose 1. Asci 8-spored 2. Asci many-spored C. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia in a subicle a. Paraphyses present; not fungicole b. Paraphyses lacking; fungicole 2. Perithecia in a stroma a. Stroma elongate, erect (1) Asci 8-spored; stroma capitate (2) Asci 16-spored; stroma clavate; on insects b. Stroma effuse, globose, verruciform or linear (1) Asci 8-spored (a) Perithecia circinate, valsoid (b) Perithecia not circinate, mostly irregular X. Spores globose y. Spores not globose (x) Stroma effuse, phyllogenous m. Spores rostrate above n. Spores not rostrate (y) Stroma globoid to verruciform m. Stroma hairy, red; perithecia distinct n. Stroma glabrous, amber-like; perithe- cia loculiform (2) Asci many-spored; phyllogenous Lisiella 9:945 Chilonectria 2:453; 15 Byssonectria 2:456 Peckiella 9:944 Sphaerostilbella 17:778 Podostroma 11:355 Balzania 16:561 Battarina 2:533 Uropolystigma 24:644 Polystigma 2:458; 15 Selinia 2:457 Succinaria Moelleriella 14:626 Phaeosporae 2:459, 9:949, 11:355, 14:626, 16:562, 17:781, 22:449, 24:647 Spores 1-celled, dark, typically olivaceous to brown A. Perithecia separate 1. Perithecia innate, or finally more or less erum- pent a. Perithecia more or less hairy; spores with mucous sheath b. Perithecia glabrous; spores not mucose 2. Perithecia superficial a. Perithecia beaked (1) Asci 8-spored (2) Asci many-spored b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia hairy (2) Perithecia glabrous (a) Spores globose, warted (b) Spores ovoid to oblong, smooth B. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia in a subicle a. Perithecia beaked b. Perithecia not beaked 2, Perithecia in a stroma a. Stroma with sterile crests; surface alveolate b. Stroma not crested or alveolate Sphaerodermella 22:451 Baculospora 9:952 Melanospora 2:461; 15 Scopinella 9:953 Erythrocarpum 9:950 Neocosmospora 16:562 Sphaerodes 2:460, C 172 Rhynchomelas 2:461, C 172 Sphaeroderma 2:459 Cerillum 22:454 78 SPHAERIALES (1) Stroma more or less globoid; perithecia in one or more layers (2) Stroma clavate to cylindric-conic (a) Perithecia superficial on stroma (b) Perithecia immersed X. Stroma pendulous, without peridium y. Stroma erect; perithecia in several series covered by a fragmenting peridium Sarcoxylum 16:450 Wav/elia 22:453 Xylocrea 16:451 Peridoxylum Hyalodidymae 2:465, 9:953, 11:356, 14:628, 16:565, 17: 782, 22:455, 24:651 Spores 2-celled, hyaline or subhyaline A. Perithecia separate or cespitose 1, Perithecia innate a. Perithecia with a long beak b. Perithecia not beaked 2. Perithecia superficial a. Perithecia red, yellow or white (1) Asci 8-spored, alike (a) Perithecia beaked; spores ciliate at each end (b) Perithecia not beaked; spores not ciliate X. Perithecia hairy y. Perithecia glabrous (x) Perithecia on or with a stilboid base (y) Perithecia without base or the latter tubercularoid m. Perithecia lichenicole n. Perithecia not lichenicole (2) Asci of two kinds, 8- and many-spored (3) Asci many-spored, alike b. Perithecia blue or violet (1) Asci 8-spored (a) Perithecia lichenicole (b) Perithecia not lichenicole (2) Asci many-spored B. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle a. Paraphyses present; spores in a broad mucous capsule, ending in a long lash; on sub- merged stems b. Paraphyses lacking; spores not mucose or flagellate; typically on basidiomyeetes 2. Perithecia immersed in an effuse, globoid or elongate stroma a. Perithecia with a long beak b. Perithecia not beaked (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphyses lacking (a) Stroma elongate, clavate or capitate (b) Stroma eflfuse to globoid x. Stroma with Stilbum y. Stroma without Stilbum Apiosphaeria Charonectria 2:456 Rhynchonectria 17:798 Lasionectria 2:505 Sphaerostilbe 2:511; 16 Pronectria 2:498 Nectria 2:479; 16 Aponectria 2:516 Metanectria 2:517 Prolisea 17:807 Lisea 2:517 Cyanocephalum 11:360 Loramyces Hypomyces 2:466; 16 Treleasia 14:640 Lambro 16:589 Podocrea 17:799 Stilbocrea 16:588 Hypocrea 2:250; 16 HYPOCREACEAE 79 Phaeodidymae 2:537, 9:981, 14:646, 16:591, 17:808, 22:484, 24:677 Spores 2-celled, dark, typically olivaceous to brown A. Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia innate or erumpent a. Asci 8-spored (1) Perithecia beaked; on pyrenomycetes (2) Perithecia with broad umbilicate ostiole; on bark b. Asci many-spored 2. Perithecia superficial a. Spores with hyaline appendages b. Spores without appendages (1) Perithecia on or with a stilbum-like base (2) Perithecia without a stilbum-like base B. Perithecia with a stroma 1. Perithecia with a long beak, in 2-Z layers 2. Perithecia not beaked a. Perithecia superficial on the stroma b. Perithecia immersed in the stroma Passerinula 2:537 Spegazzinula 2:537 Erispora Xenonectria Calostilbe 16:391 Letendraea 2:538; 16 Metadothella 18:162 Macbridella 22:485 Phaeocreopsis 16:591 Hyalophragmiae 2:539, 9:982, 11:363, 14:647, 16:592, 17:808, 22:487, 24:678 Spores x-celled, hyaline or subhyaline A. Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia innate, or more or less erumpent a. Perithecia with a long beak; in sea-weeds (1) Paraphyses present; spores normal (2) Paraphyses lacking; spores flagellate, bent double b. Perithecia not beaked; not in sea-weeds (1) Perithecia perithecicole; spores oblong (2) Perithecia not perithecicole X. Spores falcate y. Spores not falcate 2. Perithecia superficial a. Perithecia red, yellow or white (1) Perithecia on or with a stilbum-like base (2) Perithecia without a stilbum-like base (a) Spores ciliate at each end (b) Spores not ciliate X. Perithecia discoid to turbinate, margined by fasciculate setae y. Perithecia globoid, setae if present not fasciculate (x) Perithecia hairy or setose (y) Perithecia glabrous b. Perithecia blue, violet or greenish (1) Spores appendaged at each end (2) Spores not appendaged Orcadia 24:678 Trailia 24:690 Debaryella 17:809 Cesatiella 2:557 Micronectriella Stilbonectria 9:986 Paranectria 2:552 Actiniopsis 17:871 Trichonectria 22 :498 Calonectria 2:540 Lecithium 11:364 Gibberella 2:552; 16 80 SPHAERIALES B. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle a. Perithecia hairy (1) Setae of perithecium simple (a) Paraphyses present (b) Paraphyses lacking (2) Setae of perithecium coralloid branched at tip b. Perithecia glabrous (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphyses lacking 2. Perithecia in stroma a. Stromata seated in a common botryose one.; paraphyses lacking; perithecia immersed b. Stromata not compound (1) Ostiole broad-conic, erumpent; folicole (2) Ostiole minute or obsolescent (a) Perithecia lichenicole; stroma not hairy (b) Perithecia not lichenicole; stroma hairy; spores 1-2-caudate Byssocallis Hyalocrea Chaetocrea Subulicola Berkelella 9:989 Stereocrea 24:684 Phyllocelis Pericoccis 9:989 Puttemannsia 18:98 Phaeophragmiae 2:539, 9:982, 11:363, 16:599, 22:493 Spores x-celled, dark, typically olivaceous to brown A. Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia perithecicole 2. Perithecia lignicole B. Perithecia in a stroma 1. Stroma erect, cylindric; perithecia sparse, im- mersed 2. Stroma globoid, tuberiform; perithecia dense, superficial Weesea Chiajea 14:548 Loculistroma 22:493 Peloronectria 15:599 Hyalodictyae 2:558, 9:990, 11:364, 14:650, 16:599, 17:814, 22:493, 24:688 Spores muriform, hyaline or subhyaline A. Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia red or yellow to whitish a. Perithecia with a stilbum-like base b. Perithecia without a stilbum-like base (1) Perithecia setose; paraphyses present (2) Perithecia glabrous (a) Paraphyses present (b) Paraphyses lacking 2. Perithecia blue or violet B, Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia in a subicle a. Perithecia setose; paraphyses lacking; spores muticate b. Perithecia hairy; paraphyses present, dissolv- ing; spores ciliate each way Megalonectria 2:560 Opbiodictyum 15:555 Calyptronectria 22:494 Pleonectria 2:559; 16 Pleogibberella 9:992 Chaetomeris 22:495 Ciliomyces 22:494 HYPOCREACEAE 81 2. Perithecla in a stroma a. Stroma cupulate with single central peri- thecium b. Stroma valsoid with several perithecia Patellonectria 24:1340 Thyronectria 2:561 Phaeodictyae 2:558, 9:990, 11:364, 16:600, 17:815 Spores muriform, dark, typically olivaceous to brown A. Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia beaked; asci 8-spored 2. Perithecia not beaked a. Asci 8-spored b. Asci many-spored B. Perithecia in a stroma 1. Paraphyses present a. Stroma conoid, snow-white b. Stroma tuberiform, rimose 2. Paraphyses absent; stroma pulvinate, more or less valsoid Scolecosporae 2:562, 9:993, 11:365, 14:651, 16:601, 17:815, 22:497, 24:689 Spores acicular to filiform, 20x1 or more, continuous or septate. Bivonella 9:989 Trotterula Feiacia 17:815 Leucocrea 16:601 Shiraia 16:600 Mattirolia 9:993 hvaline to dark. Hyaloscoleciae Spores hyaline or subhyal me A. Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia innate, or finally more or less erum- pent a. Perithecia with a single ostiole (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphyses lacking b. Perithecia with man)' ostioles or openings 2. Perithecia superficial a. Perithecia enclosed in a stroma-like sack b. Perithecia not in a sack (1) Perithecia beaked, conic-cylindric; fimicole (2) Perithecia not beaked (a) Perithecia cylindric, erect, with a rimose ostiole (b) Perithecia globoid; ostiole round X. Perithecia red to white (x) Paraphyses present (y) Paraphyses lacking y. Perithecia blue; paraphyses present B. Perithecia with a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia with a subicle a. Paraphyses present (1) Perithecia stipitate; wall composed of in- flated hyphal apices (2) Perithecia not stipitate; wall not of in- flated hyphal apices b. Paraphyses lacking Micronectriopsis Micronectria 9:996 Coscinaria 9:1003 Oomyces 2:564 Copranophilus 22:499 Acrospermum 2:807; 22 Tubeufia 14:652 Ophionectria 2:563; 16 Cyanoderma Microstelium 16:672 Torrubiella 9:994 Barya 2:563, 22:500 82 SPHAERIALES 2. Perithecia with a stroma a. Stroma stipitate, or arising from a sclerotium or pseudosclerotium (1) Stroma from a sclerotium or sclerotium- like body (a) True sclerotium, consisting solely of hyphae (b) Pseudosclerotium, consisting of host- cells and hyphae (2) Stroma without sclerotium, typically stipi- tate; on insects or fungi b. Stroma not stipitate, without sclerotium, pul- vinate to effuse, or lanceolate (1) Stroma lanceolate, in inflorescences of bamboo (2) Stroma globose to pulvinate (a) Perithecia superficial, the stroma ap- pearing to be spiny (b) Perithecia imbedded in the stroma m. Perithecia over entire surface of stroma n. Perithecia limited to a portion of the stroma (m) Perithecia scattered around periph- ery; paraphyses present (n) Perithecia in a band or zone; paraph- yses lacking r. Perithecia in a median band, stroma sterile above and below s. Perithecia in a superior zone, stroma sterile below (3) Stroma eflfuse (a) Stroma bright-colored, encircling stems (b) Stroma black, not encircling stems Claviceps 2:564; 16 Balansia 9:997 Cordyceps 2:566; 16 Mitosporium 24:701 Echinodothis 17:819 Hypocrella 2:579 Dussiella 9:1004 Mycomalus 16:604 Ascopolyporus 16:605 Epichloe 2:578; 16 Dothichloe Phaeoscoleciae Spores dark, usually brown A. Perithecia hairy, superficial, on a buff mycelium Borenquenia 24:702 B. Perithecia immersed in a black stroma; spores dilabent Konradia 16:605 Family 28. LOPHIOSTOMACEAE 2:672, 9:1074, 11:382, 14:702, 16:650, 17:886, 22:546, 24:1106 Perithecia innate, then becoming more or less erumpent, rarely superficial, simple and separate, very rarely stromate, though the matrix is often blackened and sometimes gives the appearance of a stroma, wall typically carbonous, black, with a massive compressed ostiole, opening by a very narrow cleft; asci clavate- cylindric, usually 8-spored, typically paraphysate; spores various. The genera of this family are derived directly from Sphaeriaceae by hyper- trophy of the ostiole, the compression of the latter producing a slit-like opening. In spite of this, they appear to have no close relation to the Hysteriaceae. Hyalosporae (Not represented) CYTTARIACEAE 83 Phaeosporae 2:673, 17:886 Spores 1-celled, dark; perithecia insculptate Lophiella 2:673 Hyalodidymae 2:675, 9:1075, 11:383, 14:702, 17:886, 22:546 Spores 2-celled, hyaline, oblong to fusoid A. Perithecia hairy, subiculate at base Lophiotricha 9:1082 B. Perithecia glabrous 1. Spores appendaged at each end Lambottiella 2:677, 22:547 2. Spores not appendaged a. Perithecia in a subicle, fungicole Khekia b. Perithecia without subicle, not fungicole Lophiosphaera 2:675; 17 Phaeodidymae 2:673, 9:1074, 11:382, 14:702, 16:650, 17:887, 22:548, 24:1106 Spores 2-celled, dark, oblong to fusoid A. Perithecia with a subicle Byssolophis 24:1106 B. Perithecia without a subicle Schizostoma 2:673; 17 Hyalophragmiae 2:678, 9:1076, 14:703, 16:631, 17:887, 22:548, 24:1106 Spores x-celled, hyaline, oblong to fusiform A. Spores appendaged at each end Vivianella 2:687, 22:550 B. Spores not appendaged Lophiotrema 2:678; 17 Phaeophragmiae 2:689, 9:1083. 11:383, 14:704, 16:651, 17:887, 22:550, 24:1108 Spores x-celled, dark, oblong to fusiform A. Spores appendaged at one or both ends Brigantiella 2:703, 707, 17:889 B. Spores not appendaged Lophiostoma 2:689; 17 Hyalodictyae 9:1093, 22:552 Spores hyaline, muriform A, Spores long-caudate at base Sampaioa B. Spores not appendaged Lophidiopsis 9:1093 Phaeodictyae 2:710, 9:1091, 11:384, 14:706, 16:653, 17:889, 22:553, 24:1110 Perithecia typically immersed; spores dark, muriform Platystomum 2:710, 17:889; 17 Scolecosporae 2:717, 9:1094, 22:553, 24:1111 Perithecia immersed; spores acicular to filiform Lophionema 2:717; 17 Family 29. CYTTARIACEAE 8:4, 810; 16:695, 803 Ascomata m a stroma, at first closed and more or less loculiform, then widely open and becoming cupuloid, the stroma either branched or globose to turbinate 84 SPHAERIALES and alveolate, carbonous, suberose or fleshy and horny when dry; asci clavate to cylindric, 6-8-spored, paraphyses present or lacking; spores hyaline, 1-2-celled. This is not regarded as a natural family, but one based largely upon convenience. The Cordieritaceae and Cyttariaceae have been treated as separate families, though apparently considered to be related by Lindau (Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:241, 1897). Saccardo pointed out the relationship of the first family to the Pyrenomycetes (Syll. Fung. 8:810, 1889), and it seems probable that both are to be regarded as intermediate between this group and the Discomycetes, in which they have been included. They possess in common a stroma with closed ascomata that finally become more or less cupuloid. The texture of the stroma in the one reflects the Sphaeriaceae, in the other the Hypocreaceae. A. Stroma branched, carbonous or suberose; as- comata terminal, suoerficial; paraphyses lack- ing 1. Spores 1-celled; stroma much branched above, horny-carbonous 2. Spores 2-celled; stroma fascicled-ramose, su- berose B. Stroma globose to turbinate, not branched, fleshy to corneous; ascomata immersed, opening to form an alveolate surface; paraphyses present; spores 1-celled Cordierites 8:810 Acroscyphus 8:811 Cyttaria 8:4; 38 Family 30. VERRUCARIACEAE Zahlbruckner 63-92 Mycelium parasitic on blue-green or yellow-green algae, and forming a more or less distinct crustose, foliose or fruticose thallus, the latter usually superficial but sometimes below the surface; perithecia distinct, single, cespitose or united in a stroma, usually globoid and ostiolate, membranous, coriaceous or carbonous; asci 1-many-spored; spores various. The members of this family differ from the Sphaeriaceae only in the presence of algae in the mycelium; in short, they are pyrenomycetes parasitic on algae. At present it is most convenient to draw this distinction as sharply as possible, but it is practically certain that this places the species of more than one natural genus in two separate families. In some cases, the same species may be parasitic on algae or saprophytic on bark, a fact that furnishes one of the chief reasons for including lichens with the other fungi. In the past, considerable confusion has resulted from those fungi that grow as parasites on lichens, but most of these have now been recognized and set apart as distinct genera of Sphaeriaceae on the basis of the lichenicole habit. A. Perithecia separate, at least not in a stroma 1. Thallus with blue-green algae, Nostoc, Scyto- nema, Rivularia, etc. a. Asci 4-8-spored (1) Spores 1-celled (a) Algae Nostoc X. Spores ciliate at one end; asci 4-spored; paraphyses lacking y. Spores not ciliate; asci 8-spored; pa- raphyses present, ramose (b) Algae Scytonema; paraphyses ramose (c) Algae Rivulariaceae Subfamily Pyrenidiae Cocciscia 90 Rhabdopsora 90 Rhrdothrix 91 VERRUCARIACEAE 85 X. Spores globose; thallus scaly or crustose y. Spores ellipsoid; thallus fruticulose (x) Algal filaments parallel with long axis of branches (y) Algal filaments perpendicular to long axis m. Paraphyses present n. Paraphyses lacking (2) Spores 2-celled (a) Paraphyses present X. Algae Xanthocapsa y. Algae Nostoc (b) Paraphyses lacking; algae Scytonema or Sirosiphon (3) Spores x-cellcd; asci 4-spored; paraphyses dissolving (4) Spores muriform, dark; algae Scytonema (5) Spores filiform; periphyses present b. Asci many-spored; spores 1-celled (1) Algae Dactylococcus; thallus fine-scaly (2) Algae Calothrix; thallus fruticulose . Thallus with yellow-green algae, Pleurococcus, Palmella, Trentepohlia, etc. a. Thallus gelatinous or crustose (1) Thallus gelatinous, hyphae loose; spores 2-celled, hyaline (2) Thallus crustose, hyphae compact (a) Algae Cystococcus, in sheathed colonics X. Thallus without pseudoparenchyma y. Thallus with pseudoparenchyma (x) Asci 8-spored m. Spores 2-celled, dark n. Spores x-celled (m) Spores hyaline (n) Spores dark (y) Asci many-spored; spores 1-celled, hyaline (b) Algae Pleurococcus or Palmella X. Paraphyses persistent (x) Algae present in the perithecium (y) Algae not present in perithecium m. Perithecia with normal ostiole (m) Spores 1-celled r. Spores hyaline s. Spores dark (n) Spores 2-celled, dark (o) Spores x-celled, hyaline (p) Spores muriform, hyaline or sub- hyaline (q) Spores acicular, septate, hyaline n. Ostiole margined by a broad disk; spores hyaline (m) Spores x-celled (n) Spores muriform Calotrichopsis 161 Lichina 163 Lichenyllium 153 Homopsella 163 Xanthopyrenia 91 Pyrenocollema 165; 18 Eolichen 90 Pyrenidium 91 ; 18 Pyrenothrix 91 Hassea 90 Placothelium 90 Lichinella 162 Epigloea 65; 18 Subfamily Moriolae Moriola 64 Dimerisma 64 Spheconisca 64 Phaeomeris 64 Pleophalis 64 Subfamily Verrucariae 65 Thelenidia 68 Thrombium 68 Phaeothrombis 69 Thelidiopsis 69 Geisleria 69 Microglaena 69 Gongylia 69 Aspidopyrenis 69 Aspidothelium 70; 18 86 SPHAERIALES y. Paraphyses lacking, or soon disappear- ing (x) Asci 1-8-spored m. Algae present in the perithecium; spores muriform (m) Spores hyaline (n) Spores dark n. Algae not present in perithecium (m) Spores 1-celled r. Spores globoid to elLpsoid (r) Perithecia immersed (s) Perithecia more or less super- ficial h. Spores hyaline i. Spores dark s. Spores vermiform, clavate at each end (n) Spores 2-cellcd, hyaline (o) Spores x-celled, hyaline (p) Spores muriform r. Spores hyaline s. Spores dark (y) Asci many-spored; spores 1-celled, hyaline (c) Algae Trentepohlia X. Perithecia upright, with vertical ostiole (x) Paraphyses simple, free m. Perithecia with stiff fascicled hairs n. Perithecia glabrous (m) Asci 4-8-spored r. Spores 1-celled, hyaline s. Spores 2-celled (r) Spores hyaline; cells separat- ing or not (s) Spores dark t. Spores x-celled (r) Spores hyaline (s) Spores dark U. Spores muriform (r) Spores hyaline (s) Spores dark V. Spores acicular to filiform (r) Asci evanescent (s) Asci persistent h. Perithecia immersed i. Perithecia more or less super- ficial (n) Asci many-spored; spores hyaline r. Spores 1-celled s. Spores 2-celled t. Spores x-celled (y) Paraphyses branched and united, rarely lacking m. Ostiole round or dot-like Willeya 68 Staurothele 68 Lithoecea 67 Verrucaria 66; 18 Phaeosporis 67 Sarcopyrenia 66 Thelidium 67 Phragmothele 68 Polyblastia 68 Sporodictyum Trimmatothele 67 Subfamily Pyrenulae 74 Stereochlamys 81 Coccotrema 78 Diporina 79 Dipyrenis 80 Porina 78 Pyrenula 80; 18 Clathroporina 80 Anthracothecium 81 Belonia 79 Rhaphidyllis 79 Rhaphidopyris 79 Holothelis 79 Dithelopsis 80 Thelopsis 79 VERRUCARIACEAE 87 (m) Spores 1-celIed, hyaline; asci 2-4-spored (n) Spores 2-celIed r. Spores hyaline s. Spores dark (o) Spores x-celled r. Spores hyaline s. Spores dark (p) Spores muriform; asci 1-8-spored (q) Spores acicular to filiform n. Ostiole radiate, torn or lob'd; spores 2-celled y. Perithecia oblique or horizontal with oblique or lateral ostiole (w) Spores 2-celled, hyaline (x) Spores x-celled m. Spores hyaline n. Spores dark (y) Spores muriform m. Spores hyaline n. Spores dark (z) Spores filiform (d) Algae Phyllactidium or Cephaleurus X. Perithecia with fascicled nearly horizon- tal hairs at apex; spores x-celled, hya- line y. Perithecia glabrous (x) Paraphyses present, persistent m. Paraphyses simple, free (m) Spores 2-celled, hyaline (n) Spores x-celled, hyaline r. Thallus crustose, uniform s. Thallus orbicular, lobed at edge (o) Spores muriform, hyaline n. Paraphyses branched and united (m) Spores 1-celled, dark (n) Spores x-celled r. Spores hyaline s. Spores dark (y) Paraphyses dissolving or lacking; spores hyaline or nearly so m. Paraphyses dissolving in mucus; spores acicular, spirally twisted n, Paraphyses lacking; spores acicular, not twisted b. Thallus foliose or scaly-foliose (1) Algae Pleurococcus (a) Perithecia with hymenial algae (b) Perithecia without hymenial algae X. Paraphyses persistent (x) Spores 1-celled, dark; paraphyses simple Monoblastia 75 Pyrenyllium 77 Microthelia 75 Arthropyrenia 75 Polythelis 75 Polyblastiopsis 78 Leptorhaphis 77 Asteroporum 92 Subfamily Paratheliae 84 Ditremis 84 Pleurotrema 84 Parathelium 84 Campylothelium 85; 18 Pleurotheliopsis 85 Trichotrema 84 Subfamily Strigulae 87 Trichothelium 88 Phylloporis 88 Phylloporina 87 Strigula 89; 18 Phyllobathelium 88 Haplopyrenula 88 Raciborskiella 88 Microtheliopsis Phylloblastia 87 Micropyrenula 87 Subfamily Dermatocarpae Endocarpum 73; 18 Anapyrenium 71 88 DOTHIDEALES (y) Spores muriform, hyaline; paraphyses branched and united y. Paraphyses dissolving or lacking (x) Paraphyses dissolving in mucus; thallus corticate m. Spores 1-celled, hyaline n. Spores mostly 2-celled (m) Spores hyaline (n) Spores dark o. Spores muriform, hyaline to brown- ish; asci 1-2-spored (y) Paraphyses lacking; thallus not cor- ticate (2) Algae Trentepohlia; spores 1-celled, hya- line (3) Algae Prasiola; spores 1-celled, hyaline c. Thallus fruticulose, branched; algae Pleuro- coccus (1) Spores 2-celled, hyaline (2) Spores muriform, dark B. Perithecia in a stroma (Cfr. Pertusariae, p. 128) 1. Perithecia erect, with separate ostioles a. Spores x-celled (1) Spores hyaline (2) Spores dark b. Spores muriform (1) Spores hyaline; asci 2-8-spored (2) Spores dark c. Spores acicular to filiform, hyaline 2. Perithecia oblique or horizontal, the necks long and with a common pore; valsoid a. Spores x-celled (1) Spores hyaline (2) Spores dark b. Spores muriform (1) Spores hyaline (2) Spores dark C. Perithecia sunken in stroma-like warts; horizontal thallus lacking; asci many-spored; spores 1-celled, hyaline Psoroglaena 71 Dermatocarpum 71; 18 Placidiopsis 72 Heterocarpum 72 Agonimia 73 Normandina 71 Lepolichen 81 Mastodia 92 Nylanderiella 73 Pyrenothamnia 74 Subfamily Trypetheliae 81 Trypethelium 83 ; 18 Melanotheca 82 Laurera 83 Bottaria 83 Tomasiella 82 Subfamily Astrotheliae 85 Astrothelium 86 Pyrenastrum 86 Cryptothelium 86 Parmentaria 87 Thelocarpum 213 Order 9. DOTHIDEALES Perithecia composite in a stroma, without a wall distinct from the stromal tissue and hence reduced to polyascous locules, or irregularly stromoid or discoid with monascous loculiform hollows; the stroma immersed and often forming a clypeus, erumpent, or superficial and usually with a hypostrorna; asci many, more or less cylindric and often with true paraphyses in Dothideaceae, or single in the hollows, globose to ovoid, rarely cylindric, separated by stromal tissue or paraphysoids in Myriangiaceae. This order is not regarded as a natural one, nor are the two families considered to be phylogentically related. While the presence of a locule affords the warrant DOTHIDEACEAE 89 of convenience for associating them, its nature indicates that they are the terminal groups of two distinct phyla. The Dothideaceae owe their distinguishing character to the reduction or loss of the perithecial wall as a consequence of the protection afforded by the stroma, and are to be directly related to the Sphaeriaceae, the difficulty of separation sometimes being extreme. A similar problem exists with respect to the Myriangiaceae and Gymnascaceae, the simplest members of the former pertaining equally well to either family, and it appears probable that the two represent a continuous phylum, which may find its terminus in some members of the Tuberales, as apparently the Dothioreae do in Discomycetes. Key to Families A. Perithccia not parasitic on algae, without a thal- lus 1. Locules distinct, perithecium-like, typically osti- olate, with many asci and usually with paraph- yses Dothideaceae p. 89 2. Locules mere hollows filled by single asci and separated by stromal tissue or rarely by paraphysoids Myriangiaceae p. 92 B. Perithecia parasitic on algae, typically with a thallus Mycoporaceae p. 94 Family 31. DOTHIDEACEAE Perithecia sunken in a stroma and reduced to polyascous locules with ostioles, the stroma with erect hyphae and then prosenchymic or even parenchymic, or the structure sometimes more irregularly hyphal, frequently involving the epidermis to form a clypeus-like area, typically dark, round to oblong or linear, innate, erumpent or superficial; asci mostly cylindric, 8-spored, usually with paraphyses; spores various. Subfamily Dothideae Stroma innate-erumpent or superficial, not clypeate A. Stroma innate, becoming more or less erumpent 1. Spores 1-celled a. Spores hyaline (1) Spores allantoid (2)- Spores not allantoid (a) Paraphyses present X. Asci mostly 3-spored (1-4); wall of lo- cule not distinct and perithecioid y. Asci 8-spored; wall more or less dis- tinctly perithecioid (b) Paraphyses lacking X. Stroma regularly pulvinoid y. Locules single in stromatic columns united above Spores dark (1) Paraphyses present (a) Stroma lichenicole (b) Stroma not lichenicole (2) Paraphyses lacking Dothideovalsa 22:407, TS 289 Zimmermanniella 17:827, TS 290 Botryosphaeria 1:456, TS 661 Amerodothis 24:539, TS 295 Catabotrys 24:539, TS 297; 20 Botryochora 24:542 Bagnisiopsis 24:390, TS 291; 19 Auerswaldia 2:626, TS 298 90 DOTHIDEALES 2. Spores 2-celled a. Spores hyaline (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphyses lacking (a) Stroma of parallel prosenchymic cells (b) Stroma of interwoven brown hyphae, parenchymic below the locales b. Spores dark (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphyses lacking (a) Locules imbedded singly in column tips of a botryose stroma (b) Locules not in a botryose stroma X. Stroma peripheral in a minute hemi- spheric gall y. Stroma pulvinoid, not forming a gall 3. Spores x-celled a. Spores hyaline (1) Paraphyses present (2) Paraphyses lacking (a) Stroma lirelliform (b) Stroma pulvinoid, not lirelliform b. Spores dark (1) Paraphyses present (a) Locules imbedded singly in tip of sepa- rate stroma columns (b) Locules not in columns (2) Paraphyses lacking 4. Spores muriform, dark a. Paraphyses present b. Paraphyses lacking B. Stroma superficial 1. Stroma with innate central foot not more than half its width a. Stroma sterile in center, locules in a circle (1) Spores 1-celled, hyaline; paraphyses pres- ent; stroma glabrous (2) Spores 2-celled, dark; paraphyses present; stroma with marginal hyphae (a) Locules globose, separate (b) Locules confluent in a circle b. Stroma uniformly fertile (1) Spores 1-celled (a) Spores hyaline X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Spores dark; paraphyses present (2) Spores 2-celled (a) Spores hyaline X. Paraphyses present Didothis 24:544, TS 305 Plowrightia 2:635, TS 307; 19 Diplochorella TS 620; 19 Achorella 24:548, TS 340 Stalagmites 24: 636, TS 650; 20 Crotone 24:635, TS 629; 19 Dothidea 2:639, TS 330; 19 Metameris 24:551, TS 342 Dangeardiella 14:683, TS 665; 19 Phragmodothella 24:551, TS 343 Rosenscheldia 9:1036, TS 648; 19 Dothideopsella 24:552 Phragmodothis 24:551, TS 344 Amylirosa 24:1338 Dictyodothis 24:552, TS 346 Yoshinagella 24:550, TS 265 Trichodothis 24:548, TS 268 Perischizum 24:548, TS 269 Coccostromopsis Coccostroma 24:539, TS 271; 20 Auerswaldiella 24:541, TS 272 nOTHIDEACEAE 91 (x) Stroma fungicole (y) Stroma not fungicole m. Subicle present n. Subicle none y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Spores dark X. Paraphyses present; spore-cells equal or unequal y. Paraphyses lacking (3) Spores x-celled (a) Spores hyaline; paraphyses present (b) Spores dark; paraphyses lacking (4) Spores acicular to filiform, hyaline; pa- raphyses present 2. Stroma without central foot, attached at several points a. Spores 1-celled, hyaline b. Spores 2-celled (1) Spores hyaline; paraphyses lacking (2) Spores dark (a) Paraphyses present X. Stroma fungicole; spores long-fal(jate y. Stroma not fungicole (x) Subicle present (y) Subicle none (b) Paraphyses lacking X. Stroma with conidial hairs y. Stroma without conidial hairs C. Spores filiform, hyaline Parabotryum Nowellia Microcyclus 17:844, TS 276; 20 Coccoidella TS 277 Coccodiscus 17:860, TS 274, 279 Coccodothella 24:549, TS 280 Coccodiella TS 281 Pauahia Schweinitziella 9:1005, TS 270 Leveillinopsis Microcyclella 24:544, TS 283 Castagnella 24:553 Leveillella 24:549, TS 284 Dothophaeis 24:549, TS 285 Discodothis 22:436, TS 287 Leveillina 24:549, TS 285 Trichochora 24:553, TS 289 Subfamily Phyllachorae Stroma persistently innate, forming a clypeus with the epidermis A. Spores 1-celled 1. Spores hyaline a. Paraphyses present (1) Spores with appendages (2) Spores without appendages b. Paraphyses lacking (1) Asci 2-spored (2) Asci 8-spored 2. Spores dark a. Paraphyses present b. Paraphyses lacking B. Spores 2-celled 1. Spores hyaline a. Paraphyses present b. Paraphyses lacking (1) Stroma round to oblong (2) Stroma linear 2. Spores dark; paraphyses present Schizachora 24:565, TS 401 Phyllachora 2:594, TS 431; 19 Geminispora 11:292 Phyllachorella 24:607, TS 576 Sphaerodothis 16:625, TS 577 Phaeochora 24:609, TS 401; 20 Placostroma 24:610, TS 407; 20 Euryachora 2:625, TS 364, 361; 20 Scirrhia 2:634, TS 413, 419; 19 Phaeodothis 17:854, TS 594 92 DOTHIDEALES C. Spores x-celled 1. Spores hyaline a. Paraphyses present (1) Stroma lichenicole (2) Stroma not lichenicole (a) Stroma round to oblong (b) Stroma linear b. Paraphyses lacking 2. Spores dark a. Paraphyses present (1) Stroma lichenicole (2) Stroma not lichenicole (a) Stroma round to oblong (b) Stroma linear b. Paraphyses lacking (a) Stroma round to oblong (b) Stroma linear D. Spores muriform, dark; paraphyses present E. Spores filiform 1. Paraphyses present 2. Paraphyses lacking a. Asci 8-spored b. Asci many-spored Epiphora TS 599 Telimena 16:631, TS 599 Exarmidium 24:621, TS 424, 423 Phragmocarpella 24:624, TS 601 Homostegia 2:649; 19 Dermatodothis 24:625, TS 369 Rhopographus 2:647, TS 425; 20 Clypeostroma 24: 628, TS 609 Rhopographina 24:625, TS 429 Dictyochorella 24:629, TS 610 Scolecodothis 24:630, TS 412 Ophiodothella 24:629, TS 611; 19 Myriogenis 14:685 Family 32. MYRIANGIACEAE (Phymatosphaeriaceae) 8;843, 11:440, 16:799, 18:191, 22:579, 24:1133; TS 433 Stroma or ascoma mostly verruciform or pulvinate, sometimes discoid, typically innate, then erumpent, rarely permanently covered or superficial from the first, with an outer more or less differentiated layer or peridium and a central stromatoid mass in which the asci are imbedded singly, and irregularly for the most part; asci in one to several layers and separated from each other by purely stromatic tissue or paraphysis-like filaments; hypothecium merely a part of the ascoma, or parenchy- moid and then more or less diflFerentiated from it; hymenial area occupying all the interior, or definitely localized; asci freed, by the weathering away of the peridium. This is one of the most puzzling of groups, and many of the genera can be assigned with equal warrant to families belonging to other orders. The simplest forms, such as Elsinoe and Plectodiscella, are perhaps best referred to the Gym- nascales, while the most specialized are distinguished with difficulty from the Discomycetes. The Saccardiae approach the Agyriaceae closely, and certain genera of the Dothiorae have been assigned to the Patellariaceae. Theissen and Sydow regard this family as directly related to the Dothideaceae, and in spite of a difference of interpretation as to this poinf, it is convenient to include them in the same order on the basis of the stroma. The perithecioid locule of the latter appears to be a very different structure, however, and the order in consequence is best regarded as diphyletic. A. Ascoma more or less permanently innate, little if at all differentiated Subfamily Elsinoae AIYRIANGIACEAE 93 1. Ascoma with an epithecial shield composed of one layer of brown polygonal cells 2. Ascoma without epithecial shield B. Ascoma erumpent to superficial, with differenti- ated periderm as a rule 1. Asci separated by stromatic tissue a. Asci in several irregular layers (1) Ascoma homogeneous, covered with a hard black slime; spores x-celled, hyaline (2) Ascoma differentiated externally, not slimy (a) Spores 2-celled, brown (b) Spores x-celled X. Spores hyaline y. Spores dark (c) Spores muriform X. Spores hyaline or subhyaline (x) Ascoma uniformly fertile within, no definite hymenial tissue (y) Hymenial tissue locally developed, distinct from the sterile base m, Ascoma with central innate foot, margined by a radiate subicle n. Ascoma without innate foot and subi- cle y. Spores dark (x) Ascoma fleshy and colored, globoid (y) Ascoma membranous, dark, discoid b. Asci in a single hymenium-like layer (1) Spores 2-celled (a) Spores hyaline (b) Spores dark (2) Spores x-celled, hyaline (3) Spores muriform (a) Spores hyaline; subicle more or less evi- dent X. Ascoma hairy y. Ascoma glabrous (b) Spores dark X. Ascoma hairy, with subicle y. Ascoma glabrous (x) Subicle present (y) Subicle lacking 2. Asci separated by paraphysoids or paraphysis- like threads a. Asci one to few, ovoid (1) Ascus single; ascoma arising in a stoma (2) Asci several; ascoma not arising in a stoma (a) Spores 2-celled, hyaline, without mucosa sheath (b) Spores x-celled, hyaline, with mucose sheath Plectodiscella 24:1140; 20 Elsinoe 16:804 Subfamily Myriangiae Myxomyriangis 24:1138, TS 438; 20 Butleria 24:1134, TS 440 Ascostratum 22:1135, TS 441 Kusanoa 16:800, TS 440; 20 Ascomycetella 8:846, TS 440 Angatia 24:1137, TS 439 Myriangium 16:800, TS 439; 20 Myriangina 11:364, 22:579; 20 Cookella 1:71, 22:585 Subfamily Saccardiae Leptophyma 8:844, 22:585 AUosoma Eurytheca 8:846,22:579 Saccardia 1:24, 22:583 Calolepis Calopeziza 24:1216, TS 442 Dictyonella 22:583, TS 442; 20 Anhellia 22:579, TS 442 Subfamily Dothiorae Monascostroma 22:1131 Wettsteinina 22:406; 20 Pseudosphaeria 22:407 94 MICROTHYRIALES b. Asci many, clavate to cylindric; paraphysoids often very like paraphyses (1) Asci 8-spored; spores hyaline (a) Spores 1-celled Bagnisiella 2:589, 22:407; 20 X. Ascoma attached broadly y. Ascoma with central innate foot Yoshinagaia 17:860; 20 (b) Spores x-celled Leptodothiora 24:1265 (c) Spores muriform Dothiora 8:764; 20 (2) Asci many-spored; spores hyaline (a) Spores 2-celled Hariotia 9:672 (b) Spores x-celled X. Ascoma fungicole Endodothiora y. Ascoma not fungicole Sydowia 11:341, 24:964 (c) Spores muriform Keisslerina 24:1265 Family 33. MYCOPORACEAE Zahlbruckner 92(77) Mycelium parasitic on Trentepohlia or Palmella, forming a uniform thallus without a cortex; perithecia reduced to locules in a stroma as in Dothideaceae, to which family the genera might well be referred. A. Spores transeptate; algae Trentepohlia 1. Spores 2-celled a. Spores hyaline Chlorodothis 93 b. Spores dark Sciodothis 93 2. Spores x-celled a. Spores hyaline Nothostroma 93 b. Spores dark Mycoporis 93 3. Spores needle-shaped Mycoporellum 93 B. Spores muriform; algae Palmella Mycoporum 93 Order 10. MICROTHYRIALES Mycelium typically superficial, light-colored or dark, sometimes lacking, often forming an innate hypostroma, more rarely membranous; ascomata or apothecia halved or dimidiate, flat to convex, typically radiate, but only at the margin or not at all in Micropeltaceae, opening by a pore or cleft, or astomous and then splitting irregularly, mostly superficial, occasionally innate or erumpent; hymenium single (polyascous) or several, in this case the asci separated singly or in groups by densely branched threads or tissue masses arising from the hypothecium; asci typically parallel and basal, clavate to cylindric; paraphyses lacking or poorly developed, except in a few genera where they form a typical epithecium, as in the true Dis- comycetes. Theissen and Sydow regard this order as belonging to the Discomycetes, though in large part divergent in form, manner of opening and usual absence of epithecium (Ann. Myc. 15:397, 1917). However, it is interesting to know that two years earlier they had included the Polystomellaceae in the Dothideales (Ann. Myc. 13:158, 1915). On the other hand, Hoehnel referred a number of the genera to his order Phacidiales (Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 35:416, 1917), and placed the Microthyriaceae, together with the Trichothyriaceae, in the Perisporiales (loc. cit.). With the leading students of the group disagreeing so seriously as to its limits and relationships, it is evident that it offers many difficulties to the general worker. However, the scutellum or cover of the apothecium, which is always halved or dimidiate, and POLYSTOMELLACEAE 95 radiate in the two largest families and marginally so in most genera of the third, serves as a definite mark of recognition. The opposing views are probably to be reconciled by the assumption that the order has arisen from Perisporiales through the Trichothyriaceae and has under- gone fairly rapid and direct evolution into the discomycetc type, as indicated by Hoehnel's reference of several genera to the Phacidiaceae. This development v^ras more or less parallel to the much more extensive evolution of the sphaerial type, which in the main line of descent is supposed to have led through the Hysteriaceae to the Phacidiaceae also. As a consequence, the latter are regarded as diphyletic at least, and the Discomycetes necessarily so likewise. The order is overwhelmingly tropical in distribution, and its peculiar morphology and evolution are probably to be ascribed to this fact. Key to Families A. Scutellum radiate 1. Apothecia or hypostroma innate or erumpent 2. Apothecia superficial, hypostroma none B. Scutellum radiate only at margin or not at all Polystomellaceae p. 95 Microthyriaceae p. 98 Micropeltaceae p. 100 Though differences in insertion are not regarded as family criteria, the separation of the first two families is more or less warranted by the fact that the majority of the Polystomellaceae possess a hypostroma. The original l>"nits of this family, as drawn by Theissen and Sydow in their monograph on the Dothideales (Ann. Myc. 13: 158, 1915), appear much more natural, and the Stigmateaceae and appended genera of their latter treatment have been included in it (Ann. Myc. 15: 399, 403, 1917). Moreover, their family Trichopeltaceae, characterized by a membranous mycelium or subiculum, has been merged in the Microthyriaceae. They have fol- lowed Theissen in terming the order, Hemisphaeriales, and the third family, Hemi- sphaeriaceae, but these names have been replaced in accordance with the sound principle that the designations of families and orders should be based upon a repre- sentative genus. Family 34. POLYSTOMELLACEAE 22:514, 24:393; TS 13:158, 15:399 Ascoma covered, erumpent, or typically superficial with an innate hypostroma, dimidiate with radiate scutellum, round to more or less elongate; hymenium round or linear, single or several and then concave and more or less locule-like, arranged radially, circularly or irregularly; asci usually many in each hymenium, mostly basal, parallel and clavate; paraphyses present or lacking. A. Ascoma subcuticular, persistently covered or finally erumpent; paraphyses present 1. Ascoma persistently covered a. Scutellum with a single hymenium beneath (1) Spores 1-celled (a) Spores hyaline (b) Spores dark (2) Spores 2-celled (a) Spores hyaline X. Ascoma round y. Ascoma elongate (x) Ascoma lichenicole (y) Ascoma not lichenicole Subfamily. Stigmateae Parastigmatea Entopeltis 24:394, TS 401 Diplocarpum 24:911 Lichenopeltella Leptopeltis 24:394, TS 401 96 MICROTHYRIALES (b) Spores dark X. Hymenium discoid y. Hymenium ring-like, loculoid (3) Spores x-celled, hyaline (4) Spores muriform, hyaline b. Scutellum with several concave hymenia be- neath (1) Spores 1-celled, hyaline (2) Spores 2-celled, hyaline X. Hymenia rounded; spore-cells equal or unequal y. Hymenia linear (3) Spores x-celled, dark 2. Ascoma finally erumpent a. Spores 1-celled, dark; hymenium usually single, ring-like b. Spores 2-celled, dark; hymenia several, linear, irregular B. Ascoma superficial, with innate hypostroma 1. Hymenia linear a. Hymenia arranged radially (1) Ascoma attached at the center (a) Ascoma setose; hymenia often irregu- larly radiate; spores 2-celled, brown; paraphyses present (b) Ascoma glabrous; spores 2-cel!ed, brown X. Hymenia stellately arrangea y. Hymenia flabellately arranged (2) Ascoma attached at several points (a) Ascoma with conidial hairs; spores 2- celled, hyaline; paraphyses lacking (b) Ascoma without conidial hairs; spores 2-celled, dark; paraphyses present b. Hymenia arranged in a more or less complete ring (1) Ascoma attached at the center (a) Spores 1-celled, dark; asci 16-spored (b) Spores 2-celled; asci 8-spored X. Spores hyaline; paraphyses present y. Spores dark (x) Hymenia with radial rifts; paraph- yses lacking (y) Hymenia without radial rifts m. Paraphyses present n. Paraphyses lacking (2) Ascoma attached at several points (a) Spores 2-celled X. Spores hyaline; paraphyses lacking y. Spores dark; paraphyses present (b) Spores muriform, hyaline; paraphyses present Stigmatea 1:541, TS 401; 21 Cycloschizella Stigmatodothis 24:400, TS 401 Vizella 2:662, TS 401; 21 Coscinopeltis 24:394. TS 402; 21 Munkiella 24:395, TS 402 Pseudolembosia 24:403, TS 401 Melanochlamys 24:401, TS 402; 21 Blasdalea 16:634, TS 403; 21 Aulacostroma 24:402, TS 403; 21 Subfamily Parmulineae Chaetaspis 24:419, TS 406 Parmulina 24:415, TS 406 Rhipidocarpum 24:415, TS 406 Parmulariella 24:404, TS 407 Schneepia 24:404, TS 407; 21 Cyclostomella 24:404, TS 407 Cycloschizum 24:404, TS 407 Inocyclus 24:416, TS 408; 21 Dielsiella 24:404, TS 407; 21 Polycyclus 24:416, TS 408 Polycyclina 24:408, TS 408 Cocconia 8:738, TS 408; 21 Mendogia 16:669, TS 408 POLYSTOMELLACEAE 97 c. Hymenia arranged irregularly (1) Ascoma attached at the center; spores 2-celled, dark (a) Paraphyses present (b) Paraphyses lacking (2) Ascoma attached at several points, spores 2-celled (a) Spores hyaline X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Spores dark X. Paraphyses present (x) Free mycelium present m. Hypostroma forming subcuticular bands n. Hypostroma not' forming subcuticu- lar bands (y) Free mycelium lacking y. Paraphyses lacking. 2. Hymenia rounded or discoid a. Ascoma attached at the center; spores 2-celled, dark (1) Hypostroma forming subcuticular bands (a) Free mycelium present X. Paraphyses present; mycelium with straight setae y. Paraphyses lacking; setae twisted (b) Free mycelium lacking; paraphyses present (2) Hypostroma not forming bands (a) Ascoma setose, single (b) Ascoma glabrous, in a composite group b. Ascoma attached at several points (1) Free mycelium present; spores 2-celled (a) Spores hyaline; paraphyses present (b) Spores dark X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (2) Free mycelium lacking (a) Hymenia beneath a common scutellum, separated only by hyaline plecten- chym; spores 2-celled, hyaline X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Hymenia with separate scutella X. Spores 1-celled, hyaline; present y. Spores 2-celled (x) Spores hyaline m. Paraphyses present n. Paraphyses lacking Monorhiza 24:415, TS 408 Monorhizina 24:415, TS 409 Cyclotheca 24:408, TS 409; 21 Lauterbachiella 24:405, TS 409 Lembosiodothis 24:411, TS 409 Macowaniella Hysterostomina 24:410, TS 409 Hysterostomella 24:409, TS 409 Subfamily Polystomelleae or divided paraphyses Dothidasteris 24:411, TS 409; 21 Scolionema 24:411, TS 410 Dothidasteroma 24:411, TS 410 Asterodothis 24:411, TS 410 Polyrhizum 24:412, TS 410 Armatella 24:409, TS 410 Hysterostoma 24:412, TS 411 Placasterella 24:412, TS 411 Polystomella 9:1063, TS 411 Rhagadolobium 24:1264, TS 411 Microdothella 24:406, TS 412 Synpeltis 24:409, TS 412 Leptodothis 24:409, TS 412 98 MICROTHYRIALES (y) Spores dark m. Hypothecium hyaline; hj'menia irreg- ularly disposed (m) Paraphyses present (n) Paraphyses lacking n. Hypothecium carbonous, black; hy- menia in a crown around a sterile center; paraphyses present z. Spores x-celled (x) Spores hyaline; paraphyses present (y) Spores dark; paraphyses lacking (c) Hymenia with separate scutella, in con- centric rows; spores muriform, hya- line; paraphyses present Palawania 24:414, TS ^12 Melanoplaca 24:414, TS 412 Marchalia 24:406, TS 412 Gilletiella 14:691, TS 413 Actinodothis 24:417, TS 413 Pleostomella 24:418, TS 413 Family 35. MICROTHYRIACEAE 2:658, 9:1053, 11:379, 14:686, 16:633, 17:861, 22:514, 24:393; TS 413 Ascomata or apothecia superficial, without hypostroma, dimidiate with radiate scutellum, round or linear, on a filamentous or membranous mycelium or subiculum, or this lacking, ostiolate, laciniate, cleft or astomous; hymenium single, rarely sev- eral and then somewhat loculoid; asci typically many, basal, parallel or convergent, saccate to clavate, rarely cylindric; paraphyses lacking, or present and then some- times forming an epithecium. A. Free mycelium none 1. Scutellum with a single hymenium beneath a. Ascoma rounded (1) Spores 1-celled, hyaline (a) Asci 8-spored X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Asci many-spored (2) Spores 2-celled (a) Spores hyaline X. Ascoma setose; paraphyses lacking y. Ascoma glabrous (x) Lichenicole; paraphyses lacking Subfamily Microthyrieae Myiocoprum 2:659, TS 416 Peltella 24:423, TS 416 Myiocoprella 24:532 Chaetothyriopsis Microthyris (y) Not lichenicole; paraphyses present Microthyrium 2:662, TS 416; 17 (b) Spores dark; paraphyses present Seynesia 2:668, TS 416; 17 (3) Spores x-celled (a) Spores hyaline X. Ascoma more or less hairy; paraphyses lacking y. Ascoma glabrous (x) Paraphyses present m. Scutellum dissolving at tip, then wholly n. Scutellum persistent, usually ostiolate Phragmothryium 24:430, TS 416 (y) Paraphyses lacking; lichenicole Micropeltopsis (b) Spores dark; paraphyses lacking Halbania 24:420, TS 417 Ascoma linear (1) Spores 2-celled Caenothyrium 24:430, TS 417 Actinomyxa 24:533 MICROTHYRIACEAE 99 (a) Spores hyaline X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Spores dark X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (2) Spores filiform; paraphyses present 2. Scutellum with several hymenia beneath a. Spores 2-celled, hyaline b. Spores x-celled, dark c. Spores muriform, hyaline (1) Asci imbedded singly in the peripheral zone (2) Asci imbedded singly but not peripheral B. Free mycelium present, not membranous 1. Scutellum with a single hymenium beneath a. Ascoma rounded (1) Spores 1-ceIled (a) Spores hyaline X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Spores dark; paraphyses lacking (2) Spores 2-celled (a) Spores hyaline X. Spores caudate; hyphopodia present y. Spores not caudate; hyphopodia lacking (x) Paraphyses present (y) Paraphyses lacking (b) Spores dark X. Hyphopodia present (x) Paraphyses present (y) Paraphyses lacking m. Ascoma mucose-diffluent, encrusted n. Ascoma not mucose and encrusted y. Hyphopodia lacking (x) Ascoma setose, mucose-encrusted; paraphyses lacking (y) Ascoma glabrous, not encrusted m. Mycelium with setae n. Mycelium without setae (m) Paraphyses present (n) Paraphyses lacking (3) Spores x-celled (a) Spores hyaline X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Spores dark X. Asci 2-spored; paraphyses lacking y. Asci 8-spored; paraphyses lacking (x) Hyphopodia present (y) Hyphopodia lacking (4) Spores muriform (reddish) b. Ascoma linear (1) Spores 1-celled, dark; paraphyses lacking Campoa Aulographclla 24:427, TS 417 Lembosina 24:429, TS 417 Morenina 24:430, 502, TS 417 Hadotia 22:574 Thyrosoma Pycnopeltis 24:431, TS 418 Stephanotheca 24:432, TS 417 Pycnoderma 24:433, TS 418 Subfamily Asterineae Calothyriella 24:436, TS 418 Stegothyrium Calothryis Caudella 24:438, TS 418 Calothyrium 24:439, TS 418 Calothyriolum 24:441 Parasterina 24:478, TS 420 Englerulaster 24:490, TS 420 Asterina 1:39, TS 421; 21 Asteromyxa 24:488, TS 419 Thallochaete 24:488, TS 419 Asterinella 24:479, TS 418 Oypeolina 24:488, TS 419 Halbaniella 24:502, TS 421 Beelia Amazonia 22:504, TS 421; 21 Meliolaster Kriegeriella 24:432 Yatesula 24:505, TS 421 Lembosiella 9:1101, TS 422 100 MICROTHYRIALES (2) Spores 2-celled (a) Spores hyaline; hyphopodia lacking X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Spores dark X. Hyphopodia present (x) Paraphyses present (y) Paraphyses lacking y. Hyphopodia lacking (x) Paraphyses present (y) Paraphyses lacking 2. Scutellum with several hymenia beneath; spores 2-celled, dark; paraphyses lacking . Free mycelium present as a thalloid membrane, radiately prosenchymic, rarely parasitic on algae; hymenia several under each scutellum; paraphyses lacking 1. Mycelium a thallus with algae (Trentepohlia) ; spores filiform; paraphyses present 2. Mycelium thalloid, without algae a. Mycelial membrane linear, branched (1) Spores 2-celled (a) Spores hyaline (b) Spores dark (2) Spores x-cellcd, hyaline b. Membranes rounded, mostly confluent (1) Spores 2-celled (a) Spores hyaline (b) Spores dark (2) Spores x-cel!ed, hyaline (3) Spores muriform, Iiyaline Lembosiopsis 24:440, TS 422 Aulographis 2:727, TS 422 Lembosia 2:741, TS 422 Morenella 24:498, TS 423 Echidnodes 24:498, TS 422 Echidnodella 24:498, TS 422 Symphaster 24:490, TS 418; 21 Subfamily Trichopelteae Rhaphidocyrtis Trichopeltina 24:508, TS 426 Trichopeltella 24:508, TS 426 Trichopeltis 9:1068, TS 427; 21 Brefeldiella 9:1063, TS 427 Pycnocarpum 24:509, TS 427; 21 Phragmoscutella Pycnoderma 24:433, TS 418 Family 36. MICROPELTACEAE (Hemisphaeriaceae) Theissen Ann. Myc. 11:469; TS 15:427 Ascomata or apothecia typically superficial, without hypostroma, rarely sub- cuticular, dimidiate, but the scutellum not radiate or sometimes at the margin only, parenchymic or plectenchymic, regularly round, with an apical pore or astomous, free mycelium usually lacking, occasionally superficial and reticulate, without hypho- podia; hymenia single or several beneath the scutellum, hypothecium poorly de- veloped, epithecium indistinct or lacking; asci one to many in a hymenium, mostly clavate, paraphyses present or absent. A. Scutellum open reticulate, blue-green, radiate at margin, typically without evident mycelium; hymenium single Subfamily Dictyopeltineae 1. Spores 1-celled, hyaline; paraphyses present Dictyothyrina 24:512, TS 429 2. Spores 2-celled a. Spores hyaline (1) Paraphyses present; scutellum with pore Dictyothyrium 24:512, TS 429 (2) Paraphyses lacking; scutellum astomous Dictyopeltis 24:513, TS 430 b. Spores dark; paraphyses present Phaeaspis MICROPELTACEAE 101 3. Spores x-celled, hyaline a. Paraphyses present b. Paraphyses lacking (1) Ascoma on a subiculum (2) Ascoma without subiculum 4. Spores filiform, hyaline a. Paraphyses present b. Paraphyses lacking B. Scutellum parenchymic, brown, radiate at mar- gin, typically without evident mycelium; hy- menia single or several 1. Ascoma subcuticular a. Spores 2-celled, brownish; paraphyses lacking b. Spores x-celled, hyaline; paraphyses present (1) Ascoma cespitose or stromoid; ostiole elongate (2) Ascoma solitary; ostiole round 2. Ascoma superficial a. Scutellum with a single hymenium beneath (1) Spores 1-celled, hyaline (a) Paraphyses present, ascoma stromoid (b) Paraphyses lacking; ascoma separate (2) Spores 2-celled, hyaline (a) Ascoma round, astomous X. Paraphyses present y. Paraphyses lacking (b) Ascoma linear, with a cleft; paraphyses lacking (3) Spoi-es x-celled, hyaline; paraphyses lack- ing (4) Spores muriform, hyaline b. Scutellum with several hymenia beneath (1) Spores 2-celled, hyaline; paraphyses lack- ing (a) Each hymenium of several asci (b) Each hymenium of a single ascus X. Ascoma setose y. Ascoma glabrous (2) Spores x-celled, hyaline; each hymepium of a single ascus C. Scutellum wavy plectenchymic; mycelium pres- ent, reticulate 1. Spores 2-celled, hyaline a. Scutellum with ostiole; hymenium single (1) Ascoma setose; paraphyses lacking (2) Ascoma glabrous (a) Paraphyses present (b) Paraphyses lacking b. Scutellum astomous (1) Hymenium single; paraphyses present (2) Hymenia several; paraphyses lacking 2. Spores x-celled, hyaline; ascoma astomous, paraphyses present Micropeltis 2:669, TS 430; 17 Mitopeltis Micropeltella 24:519, TS 430 Scolecopeltium Scolecopeltis 24:524, TS 430; 21 Subfamily Haplopeltineae Aphysa 24:400, TS 402 Moesziella Stigmatophragmia Griggsia 24:639 Haplopeltis 24:525, TS 430 Clypeolum 2:667, TS 430 Microthyriella 24:526, TS 431 Schizothyrium 2:723, TS 431 Phragmothyriella 24:528, TS 431 Saccardinula 9:1071 Polyclypeolum 24:527, TS 431 Chaetoplaca 24:531 Eremotheca 24:528, TS 431 Eremothecella 24:529, TS 432 Subfamily Plochmopeltineae Chaetopeltopsis 24:530, TS 432 Stomiopeltis 24:529, TS 432 Stomiopeltella 24:529, TS 432 Metathyriella Plochmopeltis 24:529, TS 432 Protopeltis 102 PHACIDIALES Order 11. PHACIDIALES Apothecia superficial, erumpent, or innate and then sometimes concrete with the epiderm, elongate, elliptic or round, typically opening by a cleft or splitting into lobes, usually dark, but light-colored in one family, varying in texture from car- bonous to membranous, corious, corneous or waxy, but never fleshy or gelatinous, separate or gregarious, occasionally cespitose or stromate; asci typically cylindric and 8-spored, paraphyses regularly present, often forming an epithecium, filiform, clavate or branched; hypothecium usually thin, well-developed only in one family; spores various. The limits of this order have been somewhat extended in the present treat- ment, owing to the practical difficulties in the way of defining the families sharply. There has been general agreement as to the Stictidaceae owing to the light color of the apothecium, but the genera with dark apothecia have been treated very differently by Saccardo, Rehm, and Hoehnel. This is best exemplified by the Hypodermieae, which are distributed among the families of his Phacidiales by Hoehnel, placed in a separate family next Hysteriaceae by Rehm, and distributed in this family by Saccardo. By virtue of their thick hypothecium, the Tryblidiaceae may be placed almost equally well in the Pezizales, but they are retained here because of the cleft or lobed opening. This order is considered to be diphyletic, the Hysteriaceae being derived from the Sphaeriaceae and in turn passing directly into the cleft forms of Phacidiaceae and perhaps Tryblidiaceae as well. The round apothecium as a rule appears to have arisen from the ascoma of the Microthyriales, a number of genera placed by Theissen and Sydow in the Stigmateae having been transferred to Phacidiales by Hoehnel. Key to Families A, Algal host-cells lacking 1. Apothecia dark a. Apothecia opening by a narrow cleft Hysteriaceae p. 102 b. Apothecia opening by lobes or a wide cleft (1) Hypothecium thin Phacidiaceae p. 107 (2) Hypothecium thick Tryblidiaceae p. Ill 2. Apothecia light-colored, mostly white Stictidaceae p. 109 B, Algal host-cells present, forming a more or less evident thallus Graphidaceae p. 104 Family 37. HYSTERIACEAE 2:721, 9:1100, 11:385, 14:710, 16:657, 17:893, 22:557, 24:1112; Rehm 1 Apothecia erumpent or superficial as a rule, sometimes innate and concrete with the epidermis, elongate-elliptic, oblong or linear, occasionally extended verti- cally, typically black, carbonous or membranous, opening by a narrow cleft, or this wider and exposing the disk, typically separate, very rarely cespitose or stromate; asci mostly cylindric and 8-spored, paraphyses regularly present, usually much branched at the tip and concrete into an epithecium; spores various. The elongate cleft ascoma distinguishes this family readily from the Sphaeriaceae. The rimose opening resembles that of the Lophiostomaceae, but the form of the ascoma and the absence of the thickened ostiole render their separation a simple matter. The fruit-body has usually been called a perithecium or hysterothecium, but the presence of an epithecium justifies the application of the term apothecium, first used by Rehm. This is further warranted by the difficulty experienced in drawing a clear line between this and the three succeeding families, by general consent assigned to the Discomycetes. Genera with hysterioid apothecia appear HYSTERIACEAE 103 in all of these, and have in consequence received widely varying treatment at the hands of different workers. The Hysteriaceae have apparently been derived directly from the Sphaeriaceae and hence represent a second line of evolution connecting Pyrenomycetes with Discomycetes. The carbonous forms with narrow cleft are essentially elongate perithecia, while the membranous ones with wider opening pass imperceptibly into Phacidiaceae and Tryblidiaceae. Hyalosporae 2:721, 9:1100, 11:385, 14:710, 16:657, 22:557, 24:1112 Spores 1-celled, hyaline or subhyaline, ovoid to oblong A. Paraphyses present Hypodermella 11:385 B. Paraphyses lacking Bifusella 24:1257 Phaeosporae 2:727 Spores 1-celled, dark, ovoid to oblong Apothecia superficial on a subiclc; paraphyses present Farlowiella 2:727, 9:1100 Hyalodidymae 2:727, 9:1101, 11:388, 14:711, 16:659, 17:895, 22:558, 24:1112 Spores 2-celled, hyaline or subhyaline, ovoid to fusoid A. Apothecia membranous 1. Apothecia innate, more or less concrete with the epiderm Hypoderma 2:784, R 29, 31; 22 2. Apothecia erumpent to superficial a. Apothecia typically oblong, opening by a cleft Aulographum 2:727, R 4, 8; 22 b. Apothecia typically rounded, opening by lobes Schizothyrium 2:722, R 63, 75 B. Apothecia carbonous, erumpent or superficial; subiculum more or less developed Glonium 2:731, R 4, 10; 22 Phaeodidymae 2:740, 9:1103, 11:387, 14:711, 16:659, 17:897, 22:561 Spores 2-celled, dark, ovoid to fusoid A. Apothecia carbonous, conchiform; cleft narrow and straight Bulliardella 17:902 Hyalophragmiae 2:765, 9:1112. 11:388, 14:715, 16:664, 17:903, 22:565, 24:1113 Spores x-celled, hyaline to subhyaline, oblong to cylindric A. Apothecia parasitic, densely gregarious or cespi- tose 1. Apothecia densely gregarious, corticole; spores long 1- or 2-celled Dichaena 2:771, R 49; 22 2. Apothecia radiately disposed, folicole Aldona 16:667 B. Apothecia saprophytic 1. Apothecia membranous or corious, innate a. Apothecia membranous; cleft narrow Gloniella 2:765, R 29, 35; 22 b. Apothecia corious; cleft gaping Pseudographis 2:769, R 90, 94; 22 2. Apothecia carbonous, superficial; cleft narrow Hysteroglonium 104 PHACIDIALES Phaeophragmiae 2:743, 9:1108. 11:387, 14:715, 16:664, 17:907, 22:567, 24:1116 Spores x-celled, dark, oblong to cylindric ,\. Apothecia innate, submembranous Hypodermopsis 17:908 B. Apothecia erumpent to superficial 1. Apothecia carbonoiis or subcarbonous a. Apothecia upright, conchiform, fragile Mytilidium 2:760, 765, R 7, 23; 22 b. Apothecia liorizontal, not concliiform, firm Hysterium 2:743, R 5, 13; 22 2. Apothecia corious or subcorncous Tryblidiella 2:757 Hyalodictyae 2:772, 9:1116, 11:389, 14:717, 16:668, 17:909, 22:570, 24:1119 Spores muriform, hyaline or subhyaline, ovoid to oblong A. Apothecia innate, concrete with epiderm, mem- branous; spores with mucous sheath Hysteropsis 9:1118, R 30, 36 B. Apothecia erumpcnt-superficial, carbonous; spores without mucous sheath Gloniopsis 2:772, R 17 i'haeodictyae 2:776, 9:1119, 11:389, 14:717, 16:668, 17:912, 22:573, 24:1120 Spores muriform, dark, ovoid to oblong A. Apothecia innate, membranous, thin Graphyllium 16:1145, 17:913; 22 B. Apothecia crumpent-superficial, carbonous or corio-carbonous, firm Hysterographium 2:776, R 6, 16; 22 Scolecosporae 2:784, 9:1123, 11:389, 14:719, 16:669, 17:713, 22:574, 24:1123 Spores acicular to filiform, hyaline or dark, continuous or septate A. Apothecia innate or erumpent 1. Apothecia membranous, elongate, applanate; paraphyses typically simple, hooked at tip Lophodermium 2:791, R 31, 37; 22 2. Apothecia corious, conic-discoid; paraphyses much branched above Ostropa 2:804, R 186, 187 B. Apothecia superficial 1. Apothecia horizontal, elongate Hadotia 22:574 2. Apothecia vertical, conchiform or dolabriform Lophium 2:799, R 7, 26; 22 Family 38. GRAPHIDACEAE Zahlbruckner 102(87) Mycelium parasitic on yellow-green algae, forming a crustose, foliose or fruti- cose thallus, the latter sometimes immersed or lacking, and the mycelium then para- sitic on lichens or bark; apothecia single, cespitose or united in a stroma, typically oblong to elongate with a cleft, more rarely disk-shaped and with an irregular often stellate opening, more or less carbonous. The sole distinction between this family and the Hysteriaceae, as well as cer- tain hysterioid Discomycetes, lies in the presence of algal hosts and thus typically of a thallus. Species with rudimentary or obsolete thallus must be sought in both places, and it is necessary to place several genera in two different families. The above pages refer respectively to the second and first editions of Zahl- bruckner's monograph, and those in the key to the second. GRAPHIDACEAE 105 A. Apothecia separate, single or cespitose 1. Thallus lacking, parasitic on lichens or on bark a. Parasitic5>27 1905. A. Acanthostigmina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:1499 1909. A. Aphanostigme Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:368 1926. A. Baumiella Henn. Syll. Fung. 17:708 1905. B. Bertiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1:584 1882, as subg.; 17:708 1905. Bombardiastrum Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 9:153 1893. B. Broomella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:557 1883. B. Calospora Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:231 1883. C. Calosporella Schroet. Krypt. Fl. Schles. 3:2:442 1894. Darwiniella Spcg. Fung. Fueg. 105 1887; Syll. Fung. 9:1048 1891; cf. Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:181 1915. D. Oxydothis Penz. & Sacc. IMalpighia 11:505 1897; Syll. Fung. 14:674 1899. O. Phragmocalosphaeria Petr. Ann. Myc. 21 :109 1923. P- Phyllocelis Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:353 1925. P. Rhopographella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 22:440 1913. R- Ceratosphaeria Nicssl Not. Pyr. 43 1876. C. Chaetopyrenis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 24:961 1928; for Chaetopyrena Sacc. 1882; not Pass. 1881. C. Clypeothecium Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:182; 21:281 1923. C. Monographella Petr. .A.nn. Alyc. 22:144 1924. M. hurae Henn. insitivum (Fr.) Fkl. keissleri Petr. anserinum (Sacc.) Trav. insitiva Petr. andinum Pat. tasmanicus Rodway phaeodidyma Moell. elliotti Smith perpusillum DeN. genuflexa Hoehn. minuta (Fkl.) Hoehn. solani Syd. caespitosa Henn. B. macrospora Sacc. andinum Pat. vitalbae (B. & Br.) Sacc. platanoides (Pers.) Niessl C. platanoides (Pers.) Schroet. antarctica Speg. grisea P. & S. piskorzi Petr. oyedaeae Syd. gaduae (Henn.) S. & T. lampadophora (B. & Br.) Niessl poae (Niessl) Sacc. weiri Petr. divergens (Rehm) Petr. SPHAERIACEAE 271 Cryptoderis Auers. Gonnerni. & Rabli. Myc. Eur. Pyr. 5-6:29 1870? C. lamprotheca (Desm.) Auers. Gnomoniopsis Berl. Ic. Fupk. 1:93 1892; not Stoneman 1898. G. chamaemori (Fr.) Berl. Pleuroceras Riess Hedvvigia 1 :25, ill. 1854. P. cryptoderis (Lev.) Hoehn. Dichosporium Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 14:207 1899. D. glomeratum Pat. Enchnosphaeria Fkl. cm. Clem.; Syll. Fung. 2:207 1883. E. peltigerae (Fkl.) Sacc. Eudarluca Speg. Rev. Mus. La Plata 15:22, ill. 1908. E. australis Speg. Hypospila Fr. Sum. Vcg. Scan. 421 1849 H. pustula (Pers.) Karst. Actinidothiopsis Stcv. Bishop Mus. Bull. 19:19, ill. 1925. A. coprosmae Stev. Chalcosphaeria Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:97 1918. C. pustula (Pers.) Hoehn. Lasiosphaeria C. & DeN. Sfer. Ital. 55 1863. L. hirsuta (Fr.) C. & DeN. Bizzozeria Berl. & Sacc. Misc. Myc. 2:26 1885; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:74 1918. B. veneta S. & B. Enchnosphaeria Fkl. Symb. Myc. 147 1869; not lichenicole. E. pinetorum Fkl. Herpotrichia Fkl. Symb. Myc. 146 1869. H. rubi Fkl. Heteronectria Penz. & Sacc. Malpighia 11:509 1897. H. spirillospora P. & S. Hormosperma Penz. &: Sacc. Malpighia 11:402 1897. H. pusillum P. & S. Lasiella Quelet Mem. Soc. Montbel. 2:5:516 1875. L. ovina (Pers.) Quel. Leptospora Fkl. Symb. Myc. 143 1869. L. spermoides (Hoffm.) Fkl. Stuartella H. Fab. Spher. Vaucl. 95, ill.; Syll. Fung. 2:123 1883; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 802. S. formosa H. Fab. Lulworthia Sutherland Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 5:259, ill. 1915. L. fucicola Suther. Massarina Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:153 1883. M. eburnea (Tul.) Sacc. Holstiella Henn. Pilz. Ostafr. 33 1895; Syll. Fung. 14:593 1899; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 616. H. usambarensis Henn. Melomastia Nke. & Fkl. Symb. Myc. 1:306 1869. M. friesi Nke. Oraniella Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 19:378 1909. O. coffeicola Speg. Metasphaeria Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:156 1883. M. sepincola (Fr.) Sacc. Charrinia Viala & Rav. Comp. Rend. 119:443 1894. C. diplodiella (Speg.) V. & R. Griphosphaerella Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:209 1927. G. stevensoni Petr. Merrilliopeltis Henn. Hedwigia 47:261 1908; Syll. Fung. 22:565 1913; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 694 1911. M. calami Henn. Parasphaeria Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:297 1924. P. contraria Syd. Sclerodothis Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:69 1918. S. aggregata (Lasch) Hoehn. Nematostigma Syd. Ann. Myc. 11:262 1913. N. obducens Syd. Petrakiella Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:230, ill. 1924. P. inslgnis Syd. 272 SPHAERIALES Phanerococcus Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 16:9 1918. Pharcidiopsis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17:646 1905. Epicymatia Fkl. Symb. Myc. 118 1869; Syll. Fung. 1:570 1882. Pharcidiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17:695 1905, as subg. Sagediopsis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17:705 1905, as subg. Phragmosperma Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:450 1916. Pseudoperis Toro. Sci. Surv. P. R. 8:41 1926 (for Pseudoperisporium erigeronicola). Pseudosphaeria Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 116:129, 365 1907; Syll. Fung. 22:407 1913. Saccardoella Speg. Michelia 1:461 1879. Sphaerulina Sacc. Michelia 1:399 1878. Pseudoplea Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:29 1921; not Hoehn. 1918. Sporoctomorpha Aim. & Cam. Rev. Agron. 1:90, ill. 1903. Sydowia Bros. Hedwigia 34:66 1895; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:166 1918. Thaxteriella Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:63 1924. Zignoella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:214 1883. Aposphaeriella Died. Ann. Myc. 10:140 1912; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 358. Koordersiella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:833 1909. Trichocollonema Hoehn. Frag. Myk. no. 23 1902; cf. ib. 1029 1917. P. feijoae (Rehm) T. & S. P. endococcea (Nyl.) Sacc. E. vulgaris Fkl. P. endococcea (Nyl.) Sacc. S. koerberi (Stein) Sacc. P. rickianum (Rehm) Theiss. P. erigerontis (Stev.) Toro P. callista (Rehm) Hoehn. S. montellica Speg. S. intermixta (B. & Br.) Sacc. P. trifolii (Rostr.) Petr. S. magnoliae A. & C. S. gregaria Bres. T. corticola Petr. Z. pulviuscula (Curr.) Sacc. A. gregaria Died. K. javanica Hoehn. T. acrothecum Hoehn. Phaeophragmiae Aglaospora DeNot. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 1:43 1844. A. Apiorhynchostoma Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:185 1923. A. Konenia Hara Bot. Mag. T o k y o 27:250 1913. K. Lepteutypa Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:276 1923. L. Plagiostromella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 126:372 1917. P- Prosthecium Fresenius Beitr. Myk. 2:62, ill. 1852. P- Pseudovalsa C. & DeN. Sfer. Ital. 32 1863; Syll. Fung. 2:135 1883. P. Thyridaria Sacc. Grevillea 4:21 1875; Syll. Fung. 2:140 1883. T. Trematovalsa Jacobesco Comp. Rend. 142:289 1906; Syll. Fung. 22:397 1913. T. Caryospora DeNot. Micr. Ital. Dec. 9:7 1856. C. profusa (Fr.) DeN. apiculatum (Curr.) Petr. bambusae Hara fuckeli (Nke.) Petr. pleurostoma Hoehn. ellipsosporum Fres. lanciformis (Fr.) C. & DeN. incrustans Sacc. matruchoti Jacob, putaminum (Schw.) DeN. SPHAERIACEAE 273 Chaetosphaeria Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp. 2:252 1863. C. Clypeosphaeria Fkl. Symb. Myc. 117 1869. C. Starbaeckiella Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:37 1919; Syll. Fung. 16:519 1902; 24:1018 1928. S. Coccidophthora Syd. Ann. Myc. 11 :263 1913. C. Gibberidea Fkl. Symb. Myc. 168 1869. G. Gillotia Sacc. & Trotter Syll. Fung. 22:253 1913. G. Hapalocystis Fkl. Synib. Myc. 188, ill. 1869. H. Herpotrichiella Petr. Ann. Myc. 12:472 1914. H. Kalmusia Niessl Beitr. Kennt. Pilz. 54 1872. K. Cryptosphaerina Lamb. & Fautr. Rev. Myc. 20:58 1898. C. Keissleria Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:93 1918. K. Lasiosphaeris Clem. Gen. Fung. 35, 173 1909. L. Chaetomastia Sacc. as subg. Syll. Fung. 2:113 1883. C. Herpothrix Clem. Gen. Fung. 35, 173 1909. H. Nematostoma Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:161, ill. 1914; Syll. Fung. 24:972 1928. N. Neoventuria Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:44 1919; for N. Venturiella Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 19:379 1909; not Venturiella C. Muell. 1875; Syll. Fung. 22:236, 24:1005 1928. Trichohleria Sacc. Ann. Myc. 6:559, ill. 1908; Syll. Fung. 22:248 1913. T. Leptosphaeria C. & DeN. Sfer. Ital. 60 1863. L. Chitonospora B. R. S. Syll. Fung. 9:797 1891. Cladosphaeria Nke. Mitt. Nat. Ges. Berl. 1871:110; Jacz. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:685 1894; Syll. Fung. 11:320 1895. C. Heptameria Rehm & Thuem. Myc. Lusit. 292 1878; Syll. Fung. 2:88 1883. H. Leptosphaeropsis Berl. Icon. Fung. 1 :88 1902; Syll. Fung. 11:321 1895. L. Macrobasis Starb. Stud. 97 1894; Petr. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 21:349 1923. M. Mycopyrenula Wain. Act. Soc. Fenn. 49:139 1921. M. Nodulisphaeria Rabh. Herb. Myc. Exs. n. 725 1858. N. Passeriniella Berl. Icon. Fung. 1:51 1902; Syll. Fung. 11:326 1895. Syncarpella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:631 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:639 1926. S. Litschaueria Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:275 1923. L. Massaria DeNot. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 1:333 1846. M. Asteromassaria Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 126:368 1917. A. Saccothecium Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 398 1849. S. phaeostroma (D. & M.) Fkl. notarisi Fkl. massariospora (Starb.) Syd. variabilis Syd. visci Fkl. orbicularis (Syd.) S. & T. berkeleyi (Tul.) Fkl. moravica Petr. ebula Niessl fraxini Lamb. & Fautr. xantha (Sacc.) Hoehn. hispida (Tode) Clem. hirtula (Karst.) Sacc. calospora (Wint.) Clem. artemisiae Syd. argentinensis (Speg.) Syd. V. argentinensis Speg. quadrigellensis Flag. & S. doliolum (Pers.) C. & DeN. C. ammophila B. R. S. C. eunomioides (Otth) Nke. elegans Rehm & Thuem. ophioboloides (Sacc.) Berl. platypus (Schw.) Starb. coryli (Mass.) Wain. hirta Rabh. P. dichroa (Pass.) Berl. tumefaciens (E. & H.) T. & S. corticiorum (Hoehn.) Petr. inquinans (Tode) Fr. macrospora (Desm.) Sacc. corni (Mont.) Fr. 274 SPHAERIALES Melanomma Nke. & Fkl. Symb. Myc. 159 1869. Melogramma Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp. 2:81 1863. Ohieria Fkl. Symb. Myc. 163 1869. Ohleriella Earle Jour. N. Y. Bot. Card. 3:349 1902. Phaeosphaeria Miyake Jour. Agr. Tokyo 2:245 1910. Leptosphaerella Sacc. as subg., Syll. Fung. 2:47 1883; 24:994 1928. Trematosphaerella Kirschst. Verb. Bot. Brandenb. 48:54 1906; Syll. Fung. 22:248 1913. Phaeospora Hepp em. Zopf Nov. Act. Leop. 70:280 1898. Philonectria Hara ill. 1914. Pocosphaeria Sacc 11:325 1895. Byssotheciella Petr. 1923. Rebentischia Karst. Myc 1873. Rhynchosphaeria Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:112 1883; 16:524 1902. R. Sderoplella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:158 1918. S. Sporormia DeNot. Micr. Ital. Dec. 5:6 1849. S. Sporormiella Ell. & Ev. N. A. Pyr. 136 1892. S. Titania Berl. Icon. Fung. 1:49 1901. Trematosphaeria Fkl. Symb. Myc. 161 1869. Trematosphaeris Elenkin Bull. Jard. St. Peters. 146 1901, for Trematosphaeriopsis. Xenosphaeria Trev. Consp. Verruc. 18 1860; Syll. Fung. 17:730 1905. Ann. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28:350, Syll. Fung. 2:32 1883; Myc. 21:281 Fenn. 2:14, 97 J:112 1918. M. pulvis-pyrius (Pers.) Fkl. M. vagans DeN. O. modesta Fkl. O. mexicana Earle P. oryzae Miyake L. uliginosa (Ph. & PI.) Sacc. T. fuscispora Kirschst. P. catolechiae Zopf P. variabilis Hara P. eriophora (Cke.) Sacc. B. tiliae Petr. R. pomiformis Karst. duseni Henn. personata (Niessl) Hoehn. minima Auers. nigropurpurea E. & E. berkeleyi Berl. pertusa (Pers.) Fkl. parmeliana Jacz. & Ell. hookeri (Schaer.) Trev. T. T. X. Hyalodictyae Berlesiella Sacc. Rev. Myc. 10:7, ill. 1888. Boerlagella Penz. & Sacc. Malpighia 11:404 1897. Capronia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:288 1883. Clathridium Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11:350 1895; 2:332 1883. Julella H. Fab. Sphaer. Vaucl. 113 1880; Syll. Fung. 2:289 1883. Catharinia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:275 1883, as subg.; 11:350 1895. Norrlinia Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 16:29 1918. Pleosphaeropsis W a i n i o Act. Soc. Fenn. 49:110 1921. Ophiodictyum Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 16:555 1902. B. nigerrima (Blox.) Sacc. B. velutina P. & S. C. sexdecemspora (Cke.) Sacc. C. burchelli (Cke.) Sacc. J. buxi H. Fab. C. hyalospora (Speg.) Sacc. N. peltigericola (Nyl.) T. P. peltigericola (Nyl.) Wain. O. plumbeum (Starb.) Sacc. SPHAERIACEAE 275 Dasysphaeria Spep. An. Mus. Nac. 23:60 1912; Syll. Fung. 24:1022 1928. Peltosphaeria Berl. Rev. Myc. 10:17, ill. 1888. Placodothis Syd. Ann. Myc. 26:133 1928. Phaeopeltis Clements Gen. Fung. 52 1909. Capnites Theiss. Verb. z-b. Ges. Wien 66:365 1916; Syll. Fung. 22:385 1913. Limacinia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17:566 1905. Phaeosaccardinula Henn. Hedwigia 44:67 1905; Syll. Fung. 17:873 1905. Tephrosticta Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 17:745 1905; 24:1023 1928. Pleomelogramma Speg. An. AIus. Nac. 19:389 1909. Pringsheimia Schulzer Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien 16:57 1866. Pleosphaerulina Pass. Rend. Accad. Line. 2:7:46 1891; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 18:97 1920. Schizostege Theiss. Ann. Myc. 14:415, ill. 1916. Pseudoplea Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:162 1918; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:216 1927. Hyalocurreya Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:640 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:637 1926. Rhamphoria Niessl Not. Pyr. 44 1876. Thyridella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9:321 1891; 11:351 1895. Curreyella (Sacc.) Lindau Lind. Nat. Pflanzf. 1:1:379 1897; Syll. Fung. 24:1024 1928; cf. Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:181 1915. Discostroma Clements Gen. Fung. 50 1909. Griphosphaeria Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:87 1918; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:32 1921; Syll. Fung. 24:1024 1928. Griphosphaerioma Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 36:312 1918; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:193 1921; Syll. Fung. 24:924 1928. Leucothyridium Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 19:388 1909; Syll. Fung. 22:460 1913. Tichosporella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:303 1883; 11:351 1895. D. andicola Speg. P. vitriospora (C. & H.) Berl. P. petraki Syd. P. diospyricola (Henn.) Clem. C. costaricensis (Speg.) Theiss. L. javanica (Zimm.) S. & D. S. P. diospyricola Henn. T. negeriana S. & S. P. argentinense Speg. P. rosarum Schulz. P. sepincola (Fr.) Pass. S. rosaecola (Fkl.) Theiss. P. briosiana (Poll.) Hoehn. H. sandicensis (E. & E.) T. & S. R. delicatula Niessl T. colliculus (Cke.) Sacc. C. rehmi (Schnabl) Sacc. D. rehmi (Schnabl) Clem. G. corticola (Fkl.) Hoehn. G. symphoricarpi (Rehm) Hoehn. L. crustosum Speg. T. dura (Fkl.) Sacc. Phaeodictyae Chaetoplea (Sacc.) Clem.; as subg. Syll. Fung. 2:279 1883; Pyrenophora mem- branacea, aparaphysata. Clathrospora Rabh. Hedwigia 1:116, ill. 1857. Macrospora Fkl. Symb. Myc. 139 1869; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 18:77 1920. Comoclathris Clem. Gen. Fung, il 1909; Minn. Bot. Studies 4:186 1911. C. calvescens (Fr.) Sacc. C. elynae Rabh. M. scirpicola (DC.) Fkl. C. lanata Clem. 276 SPHAERIALES Crotonocarpia Fkl. Symb. Myc. 163 1869. Cucurbitaria Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 1:519 1821. Cucurbidothis Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:201 1921. Megalospora Naumov Mat. Myk. Fitop. 610, ill. 1927. Curreya Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:651 1883; Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:642 1915. Epibotrys Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:644 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:637 1926. Delacourea H. Fab. Spher. Vaucl. 1:114 1878. Fenestella Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp. 2:208 1863. Karstenula Speg. Fung. Arg. 1: in. tab. 1880. Leptosphaerulina McAlpine Fung. Dis. 103 1902. Merismatium Zopf Nov. Act. Leop. 70:259, ill. 1898; of. Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 16:29 1918. Heterophracta Nyl. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17:746 1905, as subg. Montagnula Berl. Icon. Fung. 2:68, ill. 1896. Naetrocymbe Koerber Lich. Germ. 58 1858; Parerg. Lich. 441 1865. Coccodinium Mass. Att. 1st. Ven. 3:5:336 1860. Phaeopeltium Berl. Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 24:139 1892; for Phaeopeltosphaeria. Pleomassaria Speg. An. Soc. Arg. 9:192 1880. Pleosphaeria Speg. An. Soc. Arg. 12:181 1881. Pleospora Rabh. Herb. Myc. ed. 2:347 1857; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:204, 216 1927. Clistotheca Zukal Myk. Mitt. 4, ill. 1893; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:466 1917; Syll. Fung. 11:270 1895. Clistothecopsis Stev. & True III. Exp. Sta. Bull. 220:530, ill. 1919; Syll. Fung. 24:1333 1928. Pleophragmia Fkl. Symb. Myc. 243 1869. Titanella Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:36 1919; Syll. Fung. 24:1046 1928. Pyrenophora Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 397 1849. Scleroplea (Sacc.) Oud. Kon. Akad. Amster. 9:152 1900. Thyridium (Nke.) Sacc. Michelia 1:50 1879. Tichospora Fkl. Symb. Myc. 100 1869. Strickeria Koerber Parerg. Lich. 400 1865; Syll. Fung. 2:300 1883. C. moriformis Fkl. C. C. M. E. D. F. K. berberidis (Pers.) Gray pithyophila (Fr.) Petr. gemmicida Naumov conorum (Fkl.) Sacc. bambusicola (Speg.) T. & S. insignis H. Fab. princeps Tul. rhodostoma (A. & S.) Speg. L. australis McAlp. M. lopadii (Am.) Zopf H. M. N. P. P. pezizoides Nyl. infernalis (Niessl) Berl. fuliginosa Koerb. bartschi Mass. caudatum Berl. siparia (B. & Br.) Tul. australis Speg. herbarum (Pers.) Rabh. C. papyrophila Zukal C. circinans S. & T. P. leporum Fkl. T. luzonensis (Henn.) Syd. P. phaeocomes (Reb.) Sacc. S. cliviae Oud. T. lividum (Pers.) Sacc. T. obducens (Fr.) Fkl. S. kochi Koerb. Scolecosporae Acanthotheca Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 120:451 1911; Frag. Myk. 706 1911; for Acanthotheciella Hoehn. A. barbata (Pat.) Hoehn. SPHAERIACEAE 277 Acerbiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17:768 1905. Meringosphaeria Peyron. Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 25:415, ill. 1918; Syll. Fung. 24:1068 1928. Bactrosphaeria Pcnz. & Sacc. Malpighia 1 1 :407 1897. Bombardiella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:1192 1909. Bovilla Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:360 1883. Ceuthocarpum Karst. Bid. Kann. Fin. 22 1873. Criserosphaeria Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 23:72, ill. 1912. Cryptospora Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp. 2:144 1863. Winterella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:364 1883; 14:620 1899. Cylindrina Pat. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 33:155 1886. Dilophia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:357 1883. Exilispora Tchdn & Daniels Mycologia 19:112, ill. 1927. Leptosporella Penz. & Sacc. Malpighia 11:406 1897. Linospora Fkl. Symb. Myc. 123 1869. Linocarpum Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:210 1917; Syll. Fung. 24:1078 1928. Ophiognomonia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1:419 1882; 14:613 1899. Lulworthia Sutherland Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 5:259, ill. 191,5. Maurya Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 13:56, ill. 1898. Naumovia Lobrozrakova Bolcz. Rast. 197, ill. 1927. Neolamya Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 16:29 1918. Lamyella Berl. Icon. Fung. 2:139 1900, not Fries 1849. Ophiobolus Riess Hedwigia 1:27, ill. 1854. Acerbia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11:353 1895; 14:619 1899. Entodesmium Riess Hedwigia 1:58 1854. E. rude Riess Leptosporopsis Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 1211. 1920. Leptospora Rabli. Hedwigia 1 :1 16, ill. 1857 Ophiocarpella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:644 1915. Ophioceras Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:358 1883. Schizacrospermuni Henn. & Nym. Mon- sunia 1:72 1899; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myc. 693; Syll. Fung. 16:672 1902. Ophiochaeta Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:352 1883; 11:352 1895. A. macrospora (Rick) Sacc. M. patellula Peyron. B. asterostoma P. & S. B. caespitosa Hoehn. B. caproni Sacc. C. populinum (Pers.) Karst. C. phyllostictis Speg. C. suffusa (Fr.) Tul. W. anthostomoides (Rehm) Sacc. C. delavayi Pat. D. graminis (Fkl.) Sacc. E. plurisepta T. & D. L. gregaria P. & S. L. capreae (DC.) Fkl. L. pandani Syd. O. melanostyla (DC.) Sacc. L. fucicola Suther. M. hypoxyloides Pat. N. abundans Lobr. N. peltigerae (Mont.) T. & S. L. peltigerae (Mont.) Berl. O. porphyrogenus (Tode) Sacc. A. culmigena P. & S. L. L. O. O. rostrupi (F. & W.) Hoehn. porphyrogena (Tode) Rabh. tarda (Harkn.) T. & S. macrocarpum Sacc. S. filiforme H. & N. O. herpotricha (Fr.) Sacc. 278 SPHAERIALES Acanthophiobolus Berl. Att. Cong. Geneva 571, ill. 1893. Ophiosphaeria Kirschst. Abh. Bot. Brandenb. 48:47, ill. 1906; Syll. Fung. 22:289 1913; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 168 1906. Ophiomassaria Jacz. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:685 1894. Ophiosphaerella Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 19:401 1909. Rhaphidophora C. &. DeN. Sfer. Ital. 59 1863. Rhaphidospora Fr. 1849. not Nees 1832. Robergea Desm. Not. PI. Crypt. 177 1847. Cyanospora Heald & Wolf Mycologia 2:209 1910. Sillia Karst. Alyc. Fenn. 1:20 1873. Trichospermella Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 23:38, ill. 1912. Vialaea Sacc. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 12:66 1896. Diatractium Syd. Ann. Myc. 18:183 1920; 24:364 1926; for Trabutiella Stev. 1920, not Theiss. & Svd. 1914. A. helminthospora (Rehm) Berl. O. tenella Kirschst. O. selenospora (Otth) Jacz. O. graminicola Speg. R. thallicola C. & DeN. R. unica Desm. C. albicedrae H. & W. S. ferruginea (Pers.) Karst. T. pulchella Speg. V. insculpta (Fr.) Sacc. D. cordiae (Stev.) Syd. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Biotyle Syd. Ann. Myc. 27:16 1929. Brenesiella Syd. Ann. Myc. 27:16 1929. Carlia Rabh. Flora 40:382 1857. Creosphaeria Theis.s. Bcih. Bot. Cent. 27:2:396 1910; Syll. Fung. 22:451 1913. Cryptoleptosphaeria Pctr. Ann. Myc. 21:196 1923. Delpinoella Sacc. Bull. Soc. F.ot. P.elg. 38:162 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:658 1902; Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:151 1918. Endoconidiophora ^Miincli Nat. Zeits. Land. Forstw. 5:531 1907; Syll. Fung. 21:2^1 1913. Eumela Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:335 1925. Haplosporium Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:20:372 1843; Syll. Fung. 9:495 1891. Haplostroma Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:80 1916; Syll. Fung. 24:745 1928. Isothea Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 421 1849; Syll. Fung. 2:290 1883; cf. Lind. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:454 1897. Leptosacca Syd. Ann. Myc. 26:109 1928. Leptosillia Hoehn. l^er. Dcut. Bot. Gcs. 35:355 1817; cf. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 24:815 1928. Limaciniella ^lendoza 19:58, ill. 1925. Linobolus Syd. Ann. Syll. Fung. 24:1060 Bishop Mus. Bull. B. ditissima Syd. B. erythroxyli Syd. C. oxalidis Rabh. C. riograndensis Theiss. C. moravica Petr. D. insignis S. & Trott. E. caerulescens Miinch E. chiococcae Syd. H. bulborum Dur. & Mont. H. depressum Syd. I. nyssae B. & C. L. lumae Syd. Myc. 1928. 15:204 1917; L. notha Hoehn. L. psidii Mend. L. ramosii Syd. HYPOCREACEAE 279 Paracesatiella Petr. Ann. Myc. 27:344 1929. Parodiellina Henn. Hedvvigia 43:358 1904; em. Arnaud Les Asterin. 2:45 1921; Syll. Fung. 24:389 1926. Penzigia Sacc. Myc. Malac. 20 1888; cf. Lind. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:491 1897. Phthora DHerelle Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 25:184 1909; Syll. Fung. 22:71 1913. Pseudomassaria Jacz. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:663 1896; cf. Sacc. Syll. Fung. \1 -.111 1905; Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:59 1909. Pseudomeliola Speg. Fung. Puigg. 282 1890; Syll. Fung. 9:938 1891. Pseudophyllachora Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:194 1919. Pseudopleospora Petr. Ann. Myc. 17:84 1919; Syll. Fung. 24:1132 1928. Puiggarina Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:485, ill. 1919. Puttemannsiella Henn. Hedwigia 48:10 1908; Syll. Fung. 24:838 1928; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 697. Pyrenodiscus Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:202 1927. Pyrenomyxa Morgan Jour. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist. 18:42. ill. 1895; cf. Lind. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:491 1897. Rhabdostroma Syd. Ann. Alyc. 14:362 1916. Saccardomyces Henn. Hedwigia 43:353 1904; Syll. Fung. 17:530 1905; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 603. Septomazzantia Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:193 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:665 1926. Stilbohypoxylon Henn. Hedwigia 41 :16 1902; Syll. Fung. 17:633 Myk. 626. Thalassoascus Ollivier 1926. Xenothecium Hoehn. 128:589 1919. 1905; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Comp. Rend. 182:1348 Sitzb. Akad. Wien P. pulchella Petr. P. manaosensis (Henn.) Am. P. cranioides Sacc. & Paol. P. vastatrix D'Her. P. chondrospora (Ces.) Jacz. P. brasiliensis Speg. P, tonduzi Speg. P. ruthenica Petr. P. microtheles Speg. P. desmodii Henn. P. caricis Petr. P. invocans Morgan R. rottboelliae (Rehm) Syd. S. bactridicola Henn. S. epitypha (Cke.) T. & S. S. moelleri Henn. T. tregoubovi OUiv. X. iodophilum Hoehn. HYPOCREACEAE Allantosporae Allantonectria Earle Plant. Baker. 2:12 1901. A. miltina (Mont.) Weese B. platensis Speg. Hyalosporae Balzania Speg. Fung. Arg. Nov. 286 1899. Battarina Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:533 1883, as subg. Byssonectria Karst. Sytnb. ^lyc. 7:6 1879. Chilonectria Sacc. Michelia 1:279 1878. Clistosoma Harkn. Jour. Myc. 1 :30 1885. C. purpureum Harkn. Hyponectria Sacc. Michelia 1 250, 281 1878. H. buxi (DC.) Sacc. B. B. C. inclusa (B. & Br.) Sacc. obducens Karst. cucurbitula (Curr.) Sacc. 280 SPHAERIALES L. M. M. N. N. P. P. P. P. C. Lisiella Cooke Grevillea 16:5, 1887, as subg. Moelleriella Bres. Hedwigia 35:298 1896. Mycaureola Maire & Chemin Comp. Rend. 175:321 ill. 1922. Nectriella Sacc. Michelia 1:51 1877; not Nke. 1869. Notarisiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:452 1883, as subg. Pseudonectria Seaver Mycologia 1 :48 1909. Peckiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:472 1883, as subg.; 9:944 1891. Podostroma Karst. Hedwigia 31:294 1892. Polystigma DC. Fl. France 5:164 1815. Clypeostigma Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 128:565 1919. Leptocrea Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:87, ill. 1916; Syll. Fung. 24:645 1926. Physalosporina Woronich. Ann. Myc. 9:220 1911; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Alyc. 15:374 1917. Selinia Karst. Symb. Myc. 3:57 1876. Hypocreopsis Winter Hedwigia 14:26 1875, not Karst. 1873. Sphaerostilbella Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 30:40 1902. Succinaria Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:363, ill. 1925. Thelocarpum Nyl. Class. Lich. 1:15 1854. Uropolystigma Maubl. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 36:36, ill. 1920. Phaeosporae Baculospora Zukal Neue Ascom. 3 1890. Cerillum Clem.; for Colletomanginia Hariot & Pat. Comp. Rend. 142:224 1906. Erythrocarpum Zukal Ueb. Pilz. Bakt. 7 1885. Melanospora Corda. Icon. Fung. 1:24 1837. Gibsonia Massee Ann. Bot. 23:336 1909; Syll. Fung. 22:452 1913. Melanosporopsis Naumov Mat. Mic. Fit. 6:6, ill. 1927. Neocosmospora E. F. Smith Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. 17:45 1899. Peridoxylum Shear Mycologia 15:126 1923. Rhynchomelas Clem. Gen. Fung. 44:173 1909. Sarcoxylum Cooke Grevillea 12:50 1883. Chromocreopsis Steven. Jour. Dep. Agr. P. R. 1:213 1917; Syll. Fung. 24:1339 1928. Engleromyces Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 28:327 1900. Entonaema Moell. Phyc. Ascom. Bras. 309 1901; Syll. Fung. 16:450 1902. Hypoxylina Starb. Ark. Bot. 5:29 1905; SvU. Fung. 22:453 1913. P. S. passiflorae Cke. & Massee sulphurea Bres. dilseae M. & C. aurea Sacc. & Speg. rousseliana (Mont.) Sacc. rousseliana (Mont.) Seaver xylophila (Pk.) Sacc. leucopus Karst. rubrum (Pers.) DC. canarii (Henn.) Hoehn. orbiculata Syd. megastoma (Pk.) Woron. pulchra (Wint.) Karst. H. pulchra Wint. S. lutea Henn. S. minuta Syd. T. laureri (Fw.) Nyl. U. atrotestaceum Maubl. B. pellucida Zukal C. paradoxa (Har. & Pat.) C. C. paradoxa Har. & Pat. E. M. M. N. P. R. S. E. E. H. microstomum Zukal chionea (Fr.) Corda phaeospora Massee subulata Naumov vasinfecta Smith petersi (B. & C.) Shear arenariae (Mont.) Clem, compunctum (Jungh.) Cke. striispora Steven. goetzi Henn. lignescens Moell. umbilicata Starb. HYPOCREACEAE 281 Stromne Clem. Gen. Fung. 44,173 1909. Thuemenella I'cnz. & Sacc. Malpighia 11:518 1897; Syll. Fung. 14:628 1899. Scopinella Lev. Diet. Univ. 8:493 1849. Sphaeroderma Fkl. Symb. Myc. App. 3:23 1869. Guttularia Obermayer Myc. Cent. 3:9 1913; Syll. Fung. 24:240 1926. Sphaerodermella Hochn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 116:105 1907. Vittadinula Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:460 1883, as subg.; 24:650 1926. Erostrotheca Martin & Charles Phytopath. 18:843, ill. 1928. Nigrosphaeria Gardner Univ. Cal. Pub. Bot. 2:179, ill. 1905; Syll. Fung. 22:452 1913. Sphaerodes Clem. Gen. Fung. 44:173 1909. Wawelia Namyslowski Bull. Acad. Cracov. 602, ill. 1908. Xylocrea IMoell. Phyc. Ascom. Bras. 307 1901. S. goetzi (Henn.) Clem. T. javanica P. & S. S. pleiospora (Schroet.) Sacc. S. theleboloides Fkl. G. geoporae Oberm. S. niessli (Auers.) Hoehn. V. episphaeria (P. & P.) Sacc. E. multiformis M. & C. N. setchelli (Harkn.) Card. S. episphaerium (P. & P.) Clem. W. regia Nam- X. piriformis Moell. Hyalodidymae Apiosphaeria Hochn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:1218 1909. A. Aponectria Sacc. Michelia 1:286 1877. A. Charonectria Sacc. Michelia 2:72 1880. C. Hydronectria Kirschst. Verb. Bot. Bran- denb. 67:87, ill. 1925. Nectriella Nke. Fkl. Symb. Myc. 175 1869; not Sacc. 1877. N. Cyanocephalum Zukal Myc. Mitt. 14 1893. C. Hypocrea Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 383 1849. H. Clintoniella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:532 1883, as subg. Dialhypocrea Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:47-:<, ill. 1919; Syll. Fung. 24:673 1926. D. Hypocreopsis Karst. Symb. Myc. 251 1873. H. Mycocitrus Moell. Phyc. Ascom. Bras. 397 1901; Syll. Fung. 16:589 1902. Oswaldia Rangel Arch. Esc. Sup. Mexico 5:37, ill. 1921. Phyllocrea Hochn. Ann. Myc. 16:38 1918. Porphyrosoma Pat. Mem. Acad. Malgache 6:40 1928. Hypomyces Tul. Scl. Fung. Carp. 3:38 1865. Apiocrea Syd. Ann. Myc. 18:186 1920; Syll. Fung. 24:675 1926. Bresadolella Hoehn. Ann. Afvc. 1 :522 1903; Syll. Fung. 17:797 1905. Nectriopsis Maire Ann. Myc. 9:323, ill. 1911; Syll. Fung. 24:676 1926. N. Lambro Rac. Par. Alg. Pilz. Java 2:13 1900. L. guaranitica (Speg.) Hoehn. inaurata (B. & Br.) Sacc. consolationis Sacc. H. kriegeriana Kirschst. fuckeli Nke. murorum Zukal rufa (Pers.) Fr. C. apiculata (C. & P.) Sacc. puiggariana Speg. riccioides (Bolt.) Karst. M. aurantium Moell. O. P. P. H. icarahyensis Rangel quitensis (Pat.) Hoehn, episphaerium Pat. lactifluorum (Schw.) Fr. A. chrysosperma (Tul.) Syd. B. aurea Hoehn. violacea (Fr.) Maire insignis Rac. 282 SPHAERIALES Lasionectria Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:505 1883, as subg. L. Dasyphthora Clcin. Gen. Fung. 44,173 1909. D. Epinectria Syd. Ann. ^lyc. 15:215 1917; Syll. Fung. 24:637 1926. E. Neohenningsia Koordcrs Vcrh. Akad. Am- sterdam 2:13:164, ill. 1907. N. Lisea Sacc. Michelia 1:43,300 1877. L. Loramyces Weston Mycologia 21 :72, ill. 1929. L. Metanectria Sacc. Michelia 1:300 1878. M. Nectria Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 387 1849. N. Bionectria Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:563, ill. 1919. B. Corallomycetella Henn. Hedwigia 43:245 1904; cf. Hochn. Frag. ]\Iyk. 1195. C. Creonectria Scavcr IMycologia 1:183 1909. C. Cryptopeltosphaeria Pctr. Ann. Myc. 21:196 1923. C. Dialonectria Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:490 1883, as subg. D- Neonectria Wr. Ann. Alyc. 15:52 1917; Syll. Fung. 24:665 1926. N. Pyxidiophora Prcf. & Tav. Untcrs. Myk. 10:2:189 1891. P. Podocrea Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:530 1883, as subg. P. Podostroma Karst. Hedwigia 31 :294 1892; Syll. Fung. 11:255 1895. P. Prolisea Clem.; Lisea lichcnicola. P. Pronectria Clem.; Nectria lichcnicola. P. Rhynchonectria Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wicn 111:1023 1902. R. Eleutherosphaera Grov. Jour. Bot. 45:171, ill. 1907. E. Sphaerostilbe Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp. 3:103 1865. S. Stilbocrea Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 16:186 1900. S. Treleasia Speg. Rev. Agr. La Plata 235 1896. T. Phaeodidymae Calostilbe Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 16:591 1902. C. Erispora Pat. Bull. Soc, Myc. Fr. 38:84 1022. E. Letendraea Sacc. ^lichclia 2:73 1880. L. Corallomyces B. & C. E.xot. Fung. Schwcin. 289 1854; Syll. Fung. 2:519 1883. Neoskofitzia Schulzer Oest. Bot. Zeits. 30:250 1880; Syll. Fung. 9:981 1891. Macbridella Seavcr Mycologia 1 :195 1909. Metadothella Henn. Hedwigia 43:384, ill. 1904. mantuana Sacc. lasioderma (Ell.) Clem. meliolae Syd. stellulata Koord. buxi (Fkl.) Sacc. juncicola Weston citrum (Wallr.) Sacc. cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. tonduzi Speg. heinsensi Henn. cinnabarina (Tode) Seav. moravica Petr. , episphaeria (Fr.) Sacc. ramulariae Wr. asterophora (Tul.) Lind. alutacea (Pers.) Lind. leucopus Karst. exiguella (Nyl.) Clem, lichenicola (Ces.) Clem. longispora (P. & P.) Hoehn. longispora (P. & P.) Grove flammea Tul. dussi Pat. sacchari Speg. longiasca (Moell.) S. & S. parasitica Pat. eurotioides Sacc. C. elegans B. & C. N. M. pallida Schulz. chaetostroma (E. & M.) Seav. M. stellata Henn. Passerinula Sacc. Grevillea 4:21 1875. Phaeocreopsis Sacc. & Syd. Nat. Pflatizcnf. 1:1:541 1897. Chromocrea Scavcr Mycologia 2:58, ill. 1910. Chromocreopsis Scavcr Mycologia 2:63, ill. 1910. Spegazzinula Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:537 1883. Xenonectria Hoelin. Sitzb. Akad, W'irn 129:149 1920. HYPOCRE.-XCE.AE P. Candida Sacc. 283 P. hypoxyloides (Speg.) ? & b. C. gelatinosa (Tode) Seav. C. cubispora (E. & H.) Seav. S. dubitationum (Speg.) Sacc. X. calidariorum (Henn.) Hoehn. Hyalophragmiae I5ili. Svcn. Akad. Handl. Actiniopsis Starb 25:54, ill. 1899. Berkelella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:475 1883, as subg.; 9:989 1891. Amphinectria Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 24:346 1923. Podonectria Pctcii Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 7:146, ill. 1921. Byssocallis Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:14 1927. Calonectria DeNot. Comm. Critt. 2:477 1867. Cryptothecium Pcnz. & Sacc. Malpighia 11:388 1897; Syll. Fung. 14:466 1899. Malmeomyces Starb. Bih. Sven. Akad. Handl. 25:32, ill. 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:592 1902. Melioliphila Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 26:344, ill. 1923. Miyakeamyces Hara Bot. Mag. Tokyo 27:248 1913; Syll. Fung. 24:681 1926. Cesatiella Sacc. Michelia 2:250 1881. Chaetocrea Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:18 1927. Debaryella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 2:274 1904. Gibberella Sacc. Michelia 1:43,317 1877. Hyalocrea Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:214 1917. Lecithium Zukal Myk. Mitt. 9 1893. Micronectriella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 115:1194 1906. Orcadia Sutherland Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 5:151, ill. 1915. Paranectria Sacc. Michelia 1:317 1878. Pericoccis Clem.; Broomella lichenicola. Phyllocelis Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:353, ill. 1925. Puttemannsia Henn. Hedwigia 41:112, ill. 1902. Stereocrea Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:216 1917. Stilbonectria Karst. Hedw. 28:194 1889. Subulicola Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 25:347 1923. Trailia Sutherland Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 5:149, ill. 1915. Trichonectria Kirschst. Verb. Bot. Brandenb. 38:60 1905. A. bambusae Starb. B. caledonica (Pat.) Sacc. A. portoricensis Speg. P. coccophila (E. & E.) Petch B. phoebes Syd. C. daldiniana DeN. C. javanipum P. & S. M. pulchella Starb. M. graminicola (Stev.) Speg. M. bambusae Kara C. australis S. & Speg. C. parasitica Syd. D. hyalina Hoehn. G. pulicaris (Fr.) Sacc. H. epimyces Syd. L. aeruginosum Zukal M. pterocarpi (Rac.) Hoehn. O. ascophylli Suther. P. affinis (Grev.) Sacc. P. leptogicola (C. & M.) Clem. P. oyedaeae Syd. P. lanosa Henn. S. schizostachyi Syd. S. lateritia (Berk.) Karst. S. ambigua Speg. T. ascophylli Suther. T. aculeata Kirschst. 284 SPHAERIALES Phaeophragmiae Chiajaea (Sacc.) Hoehn. Hedwigia Rep. 35:33 1896; Sitzb. Akad. Wien 129:151 1920. C. rhodomela (Fr.) Hoehn. Hyalosphaera Stevens Trans. 111. Acad. Sci. 10:172 1917; Syll. Fung. 24:702 1926. H. miconiae Stev. Loculistroma Patterson, Charles & Veihmeyer Bur. PI. Ind. Bull. 171:11 1910. L. bambusae P. C. & V. Peloronectria Moell. Phyc. Ascom. Bras. 297 1901. P. vinosa Moell. Weesea Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 129:150 1920. W. balansiae (Moell.) Hoehn. Hyalodictyae Calyptronectria Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 19:412 1909. C. platensis Speg. Chaetomeris Clem.; for C. pulcherrima (Hoehn.) Clem. Treubiomyces Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:180 1909; Syll. Fung. 22:495 1913. T. pulcherrimus Hoehn. Ciliomyces Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 115:674, ill. 1906. C. oropensis (Ces.) Hoehn. Megalonectria Speg. Fung. Arg. 4:211 1882. M. pseudotrichia (Schw.) Speg. Ophiodictyum Sacc. & Syd. Syll. 16:555 1902. O. plumbeum (Starb.) S. & S. Patellonectria Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:115, ill. 1919. P. puiggarii Speg. Pleogibberella Sacc. Syll. Fung. Add. 2:217 1886. P. calamia (Cke.) Berl & Vogl. Pleonectria Sacc. Fung. Venet. 5:178 1876. P. lameyi Sacc. Thyronectria Sacc. Grevillea 4:21 1875; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:132 1925. T. patavina Sacc. Phaeodictyae Bivonella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:464 1883, as subg.; 9:989 1891. B. lycopersici (Pass.) Sacc. Feracia Rolland Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 21:28 1905. F. balearica Rolland Leucocrea Sacc. & Syd. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:540 1897. L. nivea (Speg.) S. & S. Mattirolia Berl. & Bres. Micr. Trid. 55 1889. M. roseovirens B. & B. Thyronectroidea Seaver Mycologia 1 :206 1909. T. chrysogramma (E. &. E.) Seav. Shiraia Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 28:274 1900. S. bambusicola Henn. Trotterula Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 25:45, ill. 1921. T. chilensis Speg. Scolecosporae Acrospermum Tode Fung. Meek. 1 :8, ill. 1790. A. compressum Tode Ascopolyporus Moell. Phyc. & Ascom. Bras. 300 1901. A. polychrous Moell. HYPOCREACEAE 285 B. G. B. C. B. Balansia Speg. Fung. Guar. l:n.253 1883. B. Balansiopsis Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 119:936 1910. B. Hyalodothis Pat. & Har. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 210 1893; Syll. Fung. 11:374 1895. H. Ophiodothis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:652 1883; cf. Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:187, 180 1915. O. Barya Fkl. Symb. Myc. 93 1869; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 1162. Globulina Speg. Fung. Puigg. 300; Syll. Fung. 9:993 1891. Borenquenia Stev. Trans. 111. Acad. Sci. 10:173, ilU 1917. Claviceps Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:20:43 1853. Balansiella Henn. Hedwigia 43:85 1904. Poroniopsis Speg. Rev. Mus. La. Plata 26:171, ill. 1922. Copranophilus Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 12:410 1909. Cordyceps Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:324 1822. Coscinaria Ell. & Ev. Jour. Myc. 2:88 1886. Cyanoderma Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 129:561 1920. Dothichloe Atkinson Bull. Torn Club. 21:223 1894. Linearistroma Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 119:938 1910. Dussiella Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 4:106 1890. Echinodothis Atkinson Bull. Torr. Club 21 :224 1894. Epichloe Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 381 1849. Hypocrella Sacc. Michelia 1 :322 1878. Fleischeria Penz. & Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17:819 1905; Malpighia 15:230 1901; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 369. Hypocreophis Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:480, ill. 1919; Syll. Fung. 24:695 1926. H. Konradia Rac. Par. Alg. Pilz. Java 2:15 1900. K. Micronectria Speg. Fung. Guar. 1 :252 1883. M. Micronectriopsis Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:59 1918. Microstelium Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 15:208, ill. 1899. Mitosporium Miyake Bot. Mag. Tokyo 259 1908; for Aciculosporium. Mycomalus Moell. Phyc. Ascom. Bras. 300 1891. M. Oomyces B. & Br. Brit. Fung. 590 1851. O. Ophionectria Sacc. Michelia 1 :323 1878. O. Scoleconectria Scaver Mycologia 1 :197 1909. S. Torrubiella Boudier Rev. Myc. 7:227, ill. 1885. T. Tubeufia Penz. & Sacc. Malpighia 1 1 :517 1897. T. C. c. c. c. D. L. D. E. E. H. claviceps Speg. gaduae (Rehm) Hoehn. clavus P. & H. vorax (B. & C.) Sacc. parasitica Fkl. erysiphoides Speg. miconiae Stev. purpurea (Fr.) Tul. orthocladae Henn. P. bruchi Speg. spinuliformis Speg, militaris (L.) Link langloisi E. & E. viridulum (B. & C.) Hoehn. atramentosa (B. & C.) Atkin. lineare (Rehm) Hoehn. tuberiformis Pat. tuberiformis (B. & Br.) Atkin. typhina (Pers.) Tul. discoidea (B. & Br.) Sacc. F. sclerotioides (Henn.) P. & S. guaranitica Speg. bambusina Rac. guaranitica Speg. M. freycinetiae (Rehm) Hoehn. M. hyalinum Pat. M. take Miyake bambusinus Moell. carneo-albus (Lib.) B. & Br. trichospora (B. & Br.) Sacc. scolecospora (Bref.) Seav. aranicola Boud. javanica P. & S. 286 SPHAERIALES Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Creomelanops Hoehr.. Sitzb. Akad. \\'icn 129:145 1920. Hypocreodendrum Hcnn. Hcdwigia 36:223, ill. 1897; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 605. Ijuhya Starb. Bih. Sven. Akad. Handl. 25:30, ill. 1899. Mastigocladium ]\I a t r u c h o t Comp. Rend. 152:326 1911. Microthecium Corda Icon. Fung. 5:30, 74, ill. 1842; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 841. Puiggariella Speg. Fung. Arg. 4:113, ill. 1882; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 244. C. xanthocephala (But!. & Syd.) Hoehn. H. sanguineum Henn. I. vitrea Starb. M. blochi Mat. M. zobeli Corda P. apiahyna Speg. LOPHIOSTOMACEAE Brigantiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:707 1883, as subg.; 17:889 1905. Byssolophis Clem. cf. Syll. Fung. 24:1106; Schizostoina byssisedum. Khekia Petr. Hedwigia 52:284 1921. Lambottiella Sacc. as subg., Syll. Fung. 2:677 1883; 22:547 1913. Lophidiopsis Berl. Icon. Fung. 1:19 1902. Lophiella Sacc. Michelia 1 :337 1878. Lophionema Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:717 1883. Lophiosphaera Trevisan Bull. Soc. Belg. 16:19 1877. Lophiostoma C. & DeN. Sfer. Ital. 45 1863. Lophiotrema Sacc. Michelia 1 :338 1878. Lophiotricha Richon Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 32:11 1885. Platystomum Trev. Bull. Soc. Belg. 16:16 1877 Lophidium Sacc. Michelia 1:340 1878, not Karst. 1879; Syll. Fung. 2:710 1883; 17:889 1905. Sampaioa G. Frag. Bol. Soc. Broter. 2:2:32, ill. 1924. Schizostoma (C. & DeN.) Sacc. Sfer. Ital. 46 1863, as subg.; Syll. Fung. 2:673 1883, Xenolophium Syd. Bishop Mus. Bull. 19:96, ill. 1925. Vivianella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:687 1883, as subg.; 22:550 1913. B. caudata (H. Fab.) Sacc. B. byssiseda (Flag. & Chen.) Clem. K. ambigua (Pass.) Petr. L. anaxaea Sacc. L. nuculoides (Sacc.) Berl. L. cristata (Pers.) Sacc. L. vermisporum (Ell.) Sacc. L. subcorticalis (Fkl.) Trev. L. caulium (Fr.) DeN. L. nucula (Fr.) Sacc. L. P. viburni Rich, compressum (Pers.) Trev. compressum (Pers.) Sacc. pinastri Frag. S. montellicum Sacc. X. leve Syd. V. sedi (Fkl.) Sacc. CYTTARIACEAE Acroscyphus Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:5:262 1846. A. sphaerophoroides Lev. Cordierites Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:14:330 1840. C. guyanensis Mont. Cyttaria Berk. Trans. Linn. Soc. 19:37 1841. C. darwini Berk. Genus Incertae Sedis Rickiella Syd. Ann. Myc. 2:244 1904; appar- ently to be referred to Fezizaceae. R. transiens Syd. VERRUCARIACEAE 287 VERRUCARIACEAE Pyrenidiae Calothricopsis Wain. Etud. Lich. Bres. 1:243 1890. C. insignis Wain. Cocciscia Norm. Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzcnf. 8:90 1926. C. hammeri Norm. Eolichen Zukal. Denks. Akad. Wien 48:278 1884. E. heppi Zuk. Hassea Zahlbr. Bcih. Dot. Cent. 13:150 1902. H. bacillosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Homopsella Nyl. Flora 70:129 1887. H. aggregatula Nyl. Lichina Agardh Sp. Algar. 1:104 1824. L. pygmaea (Lightf.) Ag. Lichinella Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. 2:6:301 1872. L. stipatula Nyl. Lichenyllium Clem. Lichenella octospora. L. lojkanum (Hue) Clem. Placothelium Muell. Arg. Verb. z-b. Gcs. Wien 43:299 1893. P. staurothelis M. A. Pyrenidium Nyl. Flora 48:210 186.S. P. actinellum Nyl. PyrenocoUema Reinke Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 28:463. 1895. P. tremelloides Reinke Rhabdopsora (Mucll. Arg.) Zablbr. Hcdwigia 59:301. ill. 1917. R. polymorpha M. A. Epigloeae Epigloea Zukal. Verb. z-b. Ges. Wien 39:78 1889. E. bactrospora Zuk. Moriolae Dimerisma Clem. Gen. Fung. 39, 173 1909. D. tenebrosum (Norm.) Clem. Moriola Norm. Bot. Notis. 1872:113. M. descensa Norm. Phaeomeris Clem. Gen. Fung. 39, 173 1909. P. confusa (Norm.) Clem. Pleophalis Clem. Gen. Fung. 39, 173 1909. P. nova (Norm.) Clem. Spheconisca Norm. Bot. Notis. 1876:170. S. hypocrita Norm. Verrucariae Aspidopyrenis Wain. Etud. Lich. Bres. 2:190 1890; for Aspidopyrenium. A. insignis Wain. Aspidothelium Wain. Etud. Lich. Bres. 2:188 1890. A. cinerascens Wain. Geisleria Nke. Rabh. Flecht. Eur. 21:n.574 1861. G. sychnogonoides Nke. Gongylia (Koerb.) Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:57 1903. G. sabuletorum (Fr.) Stein Lithoecea (Ach.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 340 1855. L. nigrescens (Pers.) Microglaena Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 388 1855. M. muscicola (Ach.) Lonnr. Phaeosporis Clem. Gen. Fung. 39, 173 1909. P. melasperma (Nyl.) Clem. Phaeothrombis Clem. Gen. Fung. 40, 173 1909. P. melaspermica (Stnr.) Clem. Polyblastia Lonnr. Flora 41 :630 1858. P. intercedens (Nyl.) Lonnr. Phragmothele Clem. Gen. Fung. 39, 173 1909. P. papularis (Fr.) Clem. Sarcopyrenia Nyl. Exp. Syn. Pyren. 69 1858. S. gibba Nyl. 2&S SPHAERIALES S. Sporodictyum Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 181 1852 Staurothele (Xorm.) Th. Fr. Gen. Hetcrolicli. 107 1861. S. Thelenidia Nyl. Flora 69:463 1886. T. Thelidiopsis Wain. Ann. Acad. Fenn. A .15:347 1921. T. Thelidium Alass. Franim. Lich. 15 1855. T. Thrombium (Wallr.) Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 156 1852. T. Trimmatothele Norm. Blomb. & Forss. Enum. PI. Scan. 160 1880. T. Verrucaria (Wigg.) Th. Fr. Gen. Hetcrolich. 109 1861. V. Willeya Miill.Arg. Flora 66:345 1883. W. Phalostauris Clem. Gen. Fung. 39, 173. 1909. P. henschelianum (Koerb.) Lonnr. clopima (Wahlb.) Th. Fr. monosporella Nyl. robinsoni Wain, amylaceum Mass. epigaeum (Pers.) Schaer. perquisita (Norm.) B. & F. sphinctrina (Duf.) Nyl. diffractella (Tuck.) M. A. diffractella (Tuck.) Clem. Pyrenulae Anthracothecium Hanipc Mass. Atfc. 1st. Venet. 3:5:330 1860. Arthropyrenia (Mass.) Miill. Arg. Mem. Soc. Nat. Geneve 16:428 1862. Arthropyreniella Stur. Ann. Nat. Hofm. 24:284 1911; Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:77 1926. Pseudopyrenula Mull. Arg. Flora 66:247 1883; Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:78 1926. Asteroporum Miill. Arg. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3:324 1895. Belonia Koerb. Th. Fr. Gen. Heterolich. 105 1861. Clathroporina Mull. Arg. Flora 65:517 1882. Coccotrema Midi. Arg. Miss. Cap. Horn 5:171 1889. Diporina Clem. Gen. Fung. 40,173 1909. Dichoporis Clem. Gen. Fung. 40,173 1909. Dipyrenis Clem. Gen. Fung. 40, 173 1909. Dithelopsis Clem. Gen. Fung. 40, 173 1909. Holothelis Clem. Gen. Fung. 40, 173 1909. Leptorhaphis Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 371 1855. Microthelia Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 372 1855 Monoblastia Riddle Mycologia 15:70 1923. Polyblastiopsis Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:67 1903. Polythelis Clem. Gen. Fung. 41, 173 1909. Porina (Ach.) Mull. Arg. Flora 66:320 1883. Porinopsis Malme. Ark. Bot. 22:3 1928. Pyrenothrix Riddle. Bot. Gaz. 64:513 1917. Pyrenula (Ach.) Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 162 1852. Blastodesmia Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 180 1852. Pyrenyllium Clem. Gen. Fung. 41, 173 1909. A. variolosum (Pars.) M. A. A. pyrenuloides (Fee) M. A. A. cinerascens (Mass.) Stur. P. diluta (Fee) M. A. A. punctuliforme M. A. B. russula Koerb. C. endochrysea (Bab.) M. A. C. cucurbitula (Mont.) M. A. D. subsimplicans (Nyl.) Clem. D. schizospora (Wain.) Clem. D. trachysperma (Miill. Arg.) Clem. D. subporinella (Nyl.) Clem. H. flaveola (Arn.) Clem. L. epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr. M. micula (Fw.) Koerb. M. palmicola Riddle P. naegeli (Hepp) Zahlbr. P. sexlocularis (Miill. Arg.) Clem. P. tetracerae (Ach.) M. A. P. gemmipara Malme P. nigra Riddle P. nitida (Schrad.) Ach. B. nitida Mass. P. analeptum (Ach.) Clem. VERRUCARIACEAE 289 Rhaphidopyris Mull. Arg. Hcdvvigia 31:288 1892, as subg. R. rhaphidophora (Nyl.) M. A. Rhaphidyllis Wain. Ann. Acad. Fenn. A:15:355 1921, as subg. ; for Rhaphidiscgcstria. R. aciculosa Wain. Rhodothrix Wain. Ann. Acad. Fenn. A:15:30 1921. R. phyllogena Wain. Stereochlamys iVIull. Arg. Flora 68:334 \8SS. S. horridula Mull. Arg. Thelopsis Nyl. Mem. Soc. Cherbourg 3:194 1855. T. rubella Nyl. Xanthopyrenia Baclmi. Nov. Act. Leop. Akad. 55:65 1919. X. tichothecis (Arn.) Bachm. Paratheliae Campylothelium Miill. Arg. Flora 66:245 1883. C. superbum (Fr.) M. A. Ditremis Clem. Gen. Fung. 41, 173 1909. D. inspersa (Mijll. Arg.) Clem. Parathelium (Nyl.) Miill. Arg. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 6:388 1885. P. superans Mull. Arg. Pleurotheliopsis Zahlbr. Cat. Lich. Univ. 1 :512 1922. p. salvatum (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. Pleurotrema Miill. Arg. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 6:388 1885. P. polysemum (Nyl.) M. A. Plagiotrema Miill. Arg. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 6:387 1885. P. lageniferum (Ach.) M. A. Trichotrema Clem. Gen. Fung. 41, 173 1909. T. trichosporum (Mull. Arg.) Clem. Strigulae Haplopyrenula Miill. Arg. Flora 73:195 1890. H. minor Mull. Arg. Micropyrenula Wain. Ann. Acad. Fenn. A:15:324 1921. M. olivacea Wain. Microtheliopsis Mull. Arg. Flora 73:195 1890. M. uleana Mull. Arg. Phyllobathelium Miill. Arg. Flora 73:195 1890. P. epiphyllum Mull. Arg. Phylloblastia Wain. Ann. Acad. Fenn. A: 15:323 1921. p. dolichospora Wain. Phylloporina Mull. Arg. Lich. Epi. Nov. 20 1890. p. begoniae Miill. Arg. Phylloporis Clem. Gen. Fung. 41, 173 1909. P. phyllogena (Mull. Arg.) Clem. Heterodothis Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 9:270, ill. 1894; Ann. Myc. 13:190 1915. H. leptotheca Syd. Raciborskiella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:1485 1909. R. orbicularis Hoehn. Strigula Fr. Vet. Akad. Handl. 323 1821. S. elegans (Fee) M. A. Trichothelium Miill. Arg. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 6:418 1885. T. epiphyllum Miill. Arg. Asteropeltis Henn. Hedwigia 43:380 1904. A. ulei Henn. Dermatocarpae Agonimia Zahlbr. Oest. Bot. Zeits. 59:351 1909. A. tristicula Zahlbr. Anapyrenium Mull. Arg. Rev. Myc. 2:81 1880. A. aegyptiacum Mull. Arg. Dermatocarpum (Eschw.) Th. Fr. Gen. Hete- rolich. 105 1861. D. miniatum (L.) Mann 290 DOTHIDEALES Endocarpum (Hcdw.) Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:61 1903. E. pusillum Hedw. Heterocarpum Miill. Arg. Flora 68:515 1885. H. ochroleucum (Tuck.) M. A. Lepolichen Trcv. Spip. Pagl. 5 1855. L. granulatus (Hook.) M. A. Mastodia Hook & Harv. Ant. Voy. Ercbu? & Terror 2:449 1847. M. tessellata H. & H. Normandina (Nyl.) Wain. Etud. Lich. Brcs. 2:188 1890. N. pulchella (Borr.) Leight. Nylanderiella Hne Ann. Myc. 12:509 1914. N. medioxima (Nyl.) Hue Placidiopsis Beltr. Lich. Bassan. 212 1858. P. custnani (Mass.) Zahlbr. Psoroglaena Mull. Arg. Flora 74:381 1891. P. cubensis Mull. Arg. Pyrenothamnia Tuck. Bull. Torr. Club 10:22 1883. P- spraguei Tuck. Trypetheliae Bottaria Mass. Misc. Lich. 42 1856. B. cruentata Mull. Arg. Laurera Reichb. Deut. Bot. 15 1841. L. varia (Fee) Zahlbr. Melanotheca (Fee) Miill. Arg. Englcr Bot. Jahrb. 6:395 1885. M. aggregata (Fee) M. A. Tomasiella Mass. Flora 39:283 1856. T. arthonioides Mass. Trypethelium Spreng. Anleit. Kcnnt. 3:309 18Q5 T. eluteriae Spreng. Astrotheliae Astrothelium (Eschw.) Trev. Flora 44:23 1861. Lithothelium Miill. Arg. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 6:386 1885. L- cubanum Mull. Arg. Cryptothelium Mass. Att. 1st. Venet. 3:5:335 I860. C. sepultum (Montg.) Zahll Parmentaria Fee Essai Crypt. 39, 70 1824 P. astroidea Fee Pyrenastrum Eschw. Syst. Lich. 16 1824. P. lageniferum (Fee) M. A. A. conicum Eschw. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Cf. Zahlbruckner Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:84, 91 1926. DOTHIDEALES DOTHIDEACEAE Dothideae Achorella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:340 1915 A. ametableta (Rehm) T. & S. Amerodothis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc, 13:295 1915 A. ilicis (Cke.) T. & S. Amylirosa Speg. An. Soc. Cien. Arg. 90:178, ill 1920. A. aurantiorum Speg. Auerswaldia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:626 1883. A. examinans (M. & B.) Sacc. Auerswaldiella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:278 1914. A. puccinoides (Speg.) T. & S. Bagnisiopsis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:291, jU 1915 B. tijucensis T. & S. DOTHIDEACEAE 291 Dothidina Theiss. & Syd. 13:302 1915; cf. Petr. Hedwigia 68:251 1928; Ann. Myc. 25:328 1927; Syll. Fung. 24:541 1926. Botryochora Torrcnd Broteria 12:65 1914. Botryosphaeria C. & DeN. Sfer. Ital. 211 1863 Castagnella Arnaud Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. ?,2:y?7, ill. 1914. Catabotrys Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:297, ill. 1915. Coccoidella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:847 1909. Coccodiella Hara Bot. Mag. Tokvo 25:224, ill. 1910. Elmerococcum Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:281 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:550 1926. Coccodiscus Henn. Hedwiqia 43:144 1904. Coccodothis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:279 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:549 1926. Coccodothella Theiss. & Svd. Ann. Mvc. 13:280 1915. Coccostroma Theiss. & Svd. Ann. Mvc. 12:269 1914. Coccostromopsis Plunkett 111. Biol. Mon. 8:176, ill. 1923. Pyrenostigme Syd. Ann. Alyc. 24:370 1926. P. siparunae Syd Crotone Theiss. & Svd. Ann. Mvc. 13:629 1915. Dangeardiella Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 14:683 1899; cf. Theiss. & Svd. Ann. Myc. 13:665 1915. Dictyodothis Theiss. & Svd. Ann. Mvc. 13:346 1915. Didothis Clem.; for Uleodothis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:305 1915: Syll. Fung. 24:.544 1926. Uleodothella Syd. Ann. Alyc. 18:184 1920; Syll. Fung. 24:545 1926. Diplochorella Syd. Ann. Myc. 11:408, ill. 1913. Diplochora Syd. Ann. Myc. 11:60 1913; not Hoehn. 1906. Cyclodothis Syd. Ann. Alyc. 11:266 1913; Syll. Fung. 24:633 1926. Scirrhiachora Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:626 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:634 1926. Discodothis Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 1 18:853 1909. Dothidea Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:558 1822. Systremma Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:330 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:548 1926. Dothideopsella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. W i t- n 124:22 1915. Dothidiovalsa Speg. Myc. Arg. 4:14 1909. Dothophaeis Clem.; for D. leandrae (Syd.) T. & S. B. nigra Torrend B. ribis Gross. & Dug. C. coccifera Am. C. palmarum (Pat.) T. & S. C. scutula (B. & C.) Hoehn. C. arundinariae Hara E. orbicula Syd. C. quercicola Henn. C. sphaeroidea (Cke.) T. & S. C. placida Syd. C. machaerii (Henn.) T. & S. C. palmigena Plunkett C. drymidis (Lev.) T. & S. D. macrospora (Schrot.) S. & S. D. berberidis (Rehm) T. & S. D. balanseana (S. R. B.) Clem. U. balanseana (S. R. B.) T. & S. U. aphanes (Rehm) Syd. D. fertilissima Syd. D. fertilissima Syd. C. pulchella Syd. S. groveana (Sacc.) T. & S. D. filicum Hoehn. D. sambuci (Pers.) Fr. S. natans (Tode) T. & S. D. agminalis (S. & M.) Hoehn. D. tucumanensis Speg. D. kilimandscharica (Henn.) Clem. 292 DOTHIDEALES Englerodothis Tliciss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:285 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:549 1926. E. Leveillella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:284 1915. Leveillina Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:286 1915. Symphaeophyma Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 23:97 1912; Syll. Fung. 24:616 1926. Leveillinopsis Stev. 111. Biol. Mon. 8:179, ill. 1923. Metameris Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:342. ill. 1915. Phragmodothidea Dearn. & Barth. Myco- logia 18:250 1926. Sclerodothis Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:69 1918; cf. Petr. lb. 19:41 1921. Microcyclella Theiss. Ann. Myc. 12:69 1914. M Microcyclus Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17:844; Ann. Myc. 2:165 1904. Nowellia Stev. 111. Biol. Mon. 8:177, ill. 1923. N Parabotryum Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:374 1926. P Pauahia Stev. Bishop Mus. Bull. 19:17, ill. 1925. Perischizum Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:265 1914. Phragmodothella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:343 1915. Phragmodothis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Alyc. 12:179 1914. Plowrightia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:635 1883; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 17:162 1919. Anisogramma Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:451 1917. Dothidella Speg. Fung. Arg. 1 1880; Syll. Fung. 2:627 1883. Melanopsammopsis Stahel Bull. Dept. Landb. Suriname 34:34, ill. 1917; Syll. Fung. 24:919 1928. Rosenscheldia Speg. Fung. Guar. 1 :288 1883. Schweinitziella Speg. Fung. Guar. 2:119 1888. S. Scolecoccoidea Stev. 111. Biol. Mon. 11:26, ill. 1927. Stalagmites Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:650 1915. Trichochora Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:289 1915. Trichodothis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:176 1914. Yoshinagella Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 804 1913. Zimmermanniella Henn. Hedwigia 41 :142 1902 L. L. S. L. M. P. S. \/[. M. N. P. P. P. P. P. P. A. D. M. R. S. S. T. T. Y. Z. kilimandscharica (Henn.) T. & S. drymidis (Lev.) T. & S. arduinae (K. & C.) T. & S. subtropicale Speg. palmicola Stev. japonica Syd. eucalypti D. & B. aggregata (Hoehn.) Petr. nervisequia (Hoehn.) T. & S. angolensis S. & S. guianensis Stev. connatum Syd. sideroxyli Stev. oleifolium (K. & C.) Syd. kelseyi (E. & E.) T. & S. conspicua (Griff.) T. & S. ribesia (Pers.) Sacc. virgultorum (Fr.) T. & S. achalensis Speg. ulei (Henn.) Stahel paraguaya Speg. styracum Speg. costaricensis Stev. tumefaciens (Syd.) T. & S. marginata Theiss. comata (B. & R.) T. & S. japonica Hoehn. trispora Henn. Phyllachoreae Clypeostroma Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:272 1914. C. hemisphaericum (Berk.) T. & S. DOTHIDEACEAE 293 Dermatodothis Rac. Ann. Myc. 12:280 1914. Dictyochorella Theiss. & Sycl. Ann. Myc. 13:610 191.S. Epiphora Nyl. Flora 59:238 1876. Euryachora Fkl. Symb. Myc. 220 1869. Discomycopsis J. Aluell. Dan. Bot. Ark. 5:5 1928. Oligostroma Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:265 1914; Syll. Funs. 24:615 1926. Omphalospora Tliciss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:361 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:609 1926. Exarmidium Karst. Myc. Fcnn. 2:222 1873. Scirrhophragma Thcis.s. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:423 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:621 1926. Geminispora Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 9:151 1893. Diplosporis Clem. Gen. Fung. 27 1909. Homostegia Fkl. Symb. Myc. 223 1869. Myriogenis Atkinson Bull. Torr. Club 21:225 1894; for Myriogenospora. Ophiodothella Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 630 1910; Henn. as subg. Hedwigia 43:258 1904. Scolecodothopsis Stev. 111. Biol. ]\Ion. 8:183, ill. 1923. Phaeochora Hochn. Frag. I\Iyk. 444 1909 Phaeotrabutiella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:360 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:609 1926. Phaeodothis Syd. Ann. Myc. 2:166 1904. Atopospora Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:100 1925. Coccochora Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 444, 500 1909; Syll. Fung. 24:616 1926. Coccochorella Hoehn. Frag. Mvk. 500 1910; Syll. Fung. 24:613 1926. Phaeodothiopsis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:192 1914; Syll. Fung. 24:536 1926. Robledia Chardon Jour. Dcp. Agr. P. R. 13:10 1929. Phragmocarpella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Mvc. 13:601 1915. Phyllachora Nke. Fkl. Symbr Myc. 216 1869; of. Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:1 1924; 25:328 1927. Catacauma Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:280 1914; Syll. Fung. 24:559 1926. Diachora J. Muell. Bot. Cent. 57:346 1894; Syll. Fung. 11:374; cf. Petr. Ann. Alyc. 22:130 1924. Diplochora Hoehn. Sitzb. .\kad. Wien 115:1201 1906; Syll. Fung. 22:432 1913. Discochora Hoehn. Ber. Dent. Bot. Ges. 36:315 1918; Syll. Fung. 24:638 1926. Discomycopsella Henn. Hedwigia 41:146 1902; cf. Hochn. Frag. Myk. 681. D. javanica Rac. D. abscondita T. & S. E. encaustica Nyl. E. thoracella Fkl. D. rhytismatoides J. Muell. O. proteae (Syd.) T. & S. O. stellariae (Lib.) T. & S. E. hysteriforme Karst. S. regalis T. & S. G. mimosae Pat. D. mimosae (Pat.) Clem. H. piggotti (B. & Br.) Karst. M. paspali Atkin. O. atromaculans (Henn.) Hoehn. S. ingae Stev. P. chamaerops (Cke.) Hoehn. P. . perisporioides (Sacc.) T. & S. P. tricuspidis Syd. A. betulina (Fr.) Petr. C. kusanoi (Henn.) Hoehn. C. quercicola (Henn.) Hoehn. P. zollingeri (Mont. & Berk.) T. & S. R. tetraspora Chardon P. ichnanthi (Henn.) T. & S. P. graminis (Pers.) Nke. C. exanthematicum (Lev.) T. & S. D. onobrychidis (DC.) J. Muell. D. dissospora (Feltg.) Hoehn. D. ilicis (Schl.) Hoehn. D. bambusae Henn. 294 DOTH IDE ALES 1929. Myc. 1926. Mvc. Endophyllachora Rehin Phil. Jour. Sci. 7:397 1913. Metachora Syd. & Butler Ann. Myc. 9:400 1911. Plectosphaera Theiss. Ann. Myc. 14:413, ill. 1916; cf. Hochn. Ann. Myc. 15:377 1917. Pseudomelasmia Hcnn. Hedwigia 41:115 1902; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 627. Schizochorella Hochn. Mitt. Dot. Inst. Wien 3:112 1926. Phyllachorella Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:489 1914. Catacaumella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:400 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:564 1926. Trabutiella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:180 1914; Syll. Fung. 24:559 1926. Placostroma Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:269 1914. Achorodothis Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:380 1926. Anisochora Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:406 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:610 1926. Apiotrabutia Petr. Ann. Myc. 27:334 Endodothella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. 13:582, ill. 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:613 Munkiodothis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. 13:360 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:609 1926. Platychora Pctr. Ann. Myc. 23:103 1925. Rehmiodothis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:192 1914; Syll. Fung. 24:610 1926. Scirrhodothis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:415 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:611 1926. Stigmochora Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:272 1914; Syll. Fung. 24:612 1926. Rhopographina Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:429 1915. Rhopographus Nke. Fkl. Symb. Myc. 219 1869. Schizachora Syd. Ann. Myc. 11:265, ill. 1913. Scirrhia Nke. Fkl. Symb. Myc. 220 1869. Apiospora Sacc. Consp. Gen. Pyr. 9 1875; Syll. Fung. 1:539 1882; Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:419 1915, Rhabdostroma Theiss. & Syd. Ann. IMyc. 14:362 1916. Scolecodothis Theiss. & Syd. Ann, ]\Iyc. 12:277 1914. Sphaerodothis Shear Mycologia 1 ;162 1909. Phaeochorella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:405 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:609 1926. TelimenaRac. Par. Alg. Pilz. Java 1 :18 1900. Camarotella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:370, ill. 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:620 1926, Phragmocauma Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:411 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:620 1926. E. M. P. P. S. P. c. T. P. A. A. A. pseudes Rehm bambusae S. & B. bersamae (Ling.) Theiss. lauracearum Henn. aceris (H. & L.) Hoehn. micheliae Syd. miconiae (Henn.) T. & S. microthyriodes (Henn.) T. & S. pterocarpi (Mass.) T. & S. poasensis Syd. topographica (Speg.) T. & S. arrabidaeae (Henn.) Petr. E. helvetica (Fkl.) T. & S. M. P. R. S. R. R. S. S. R. S. S. P. T. P. melastomata (Hoehn.) T. & S. ulmi (Schleich.) Petr. ostbeckiae (B. & Br.) T. & S. confluens (Starb.) T. & S. controversa (Starb.) T. & S. chamaemori (Rostr.) T. & S. filicinus (Fr.) Nke. elmeri Syd. rimosa (A. & S.) Fkl. montagnei Sacc. rottboelliae (Rehm) T. & S. hypophylla (Theiss.) T. & S. arengae (Rac.) Shear parinarii (Henn.) T. & S. erythrinae Rac. astrocaryae (Rehm) T. & S. viventis (Cke.) T. & S. DOTHIDEACEAE 295 Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Agostaea Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:359 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:1321 1928. Coccoidea Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 28:275 1900; Syll. Fung. 16:624 1902. Coleophoma Hoclin. Sitzi). Akad. Wicn 116:637 1907. Cyphospilea Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:377 1926. Dictyochora Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:275 1914; 13:610 1915; cf. Petr. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 21 :383 1923 ; a mixture of two genera. Griggsia Stev. & Dalbey. Bot. Gaz. 68:224 1919; Syll. Fung. 24:639 1926. Halstedia Stev. Bot. Gaz. 69:253, ill. 1920; Syll. Fung. 24:554 1926. Hyalodothis Pat. & Har. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 9:210 1893; cf. Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:180 1915; Syll. Fung. 11:374 1895; un- ripe Ophiodothis with parasitic Hyponec- tria. Kullhemia Karst. Symb. Myc. 4:182 1878; Syll. Fung. 2:591 1883; Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:183, 330 1915. Lizoniella Sacc. & D. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17:661 1905; Henn. Hedwigia 40:96 1901, as subg. ; cf. Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:340 1915. Microphiodothis Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:495 1919. Monographus Fkl. Symb. Myc. Append. 3:24 1875; Syll. Fung. 2:457 1883. Peltistroma Henn. Hedwigia 43:391, ill. 1904; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 636; immature. Phoenicostroma Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:345, ill. 1925. Placodothis Syd. Ann. Myc. 26:133 1928. Roumegueria (Sacc.) Henn. Hedwigia 47:256 1908; Syll. Fung. 2:650 1883; Ann. Myc. 10:316 1912. Scirrhiopsis Henn. Verb. Bot. Brandenb. 47:12 1905; Syll. Fung. 22:1074 1913; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 680; mixed material. Septochora Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 35:254 1917; Syll. Fung. 24:1638 1926. Sirentyloma Henn. Hedwigia 34:319 1895; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 628; Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:575 1915. Thyriopsis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:369 1915; Syll. Fung. 24:617 1926; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:66 1925. Dothiclypeolum Hoehn. Oest. Bot. Zeits. 67:55 1916; Ann. Myc. 14:36 1916. A. lantanae (Henn.) T. & S. C. quercicola Henn. C. crateriformis (Dur. & Mont.) Hoehn. C. polylopha Syd. D. rumicis (Karst.) T. & S. G. cyathea S. & D. H. portoricensis Stev. H. clavus P. & H. K. moriformis (Ach.) Karst. L. gastrolobii (Henn.) S. & D. S, M. paraguayensis Speg. M. aspidiorum (Lib.) Fkl. P. juruanum Henn. P. chamaedorae Syd. P. petraki Syd. R. goudoti (Lev.) Sacc. S. hendersonioides Henn. S. samaricola (Died.) Hoehn. S. salaciae Henn. T. halepensis (Cke.) T. & S. D. pinastri Hoehn. 296 DOTHIDEALES Uleopeltis Henn. Hedwigia 43:267 1904; Syll. Fung. 17:872 1905; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 638; Theiss. & Syd. 13:217 1915. Xenomeris Syd. Ann. ]\Iyc. 22:185 1924 U. manaosensis Henn. X. pruni Syd. MYCOPORACEAE Chlorodothis Clem. Gen. Fung. 50, 173 1909. Mycoporellum Mull. Arg. Rev. Myc. 6:14 1884. Mycoporis Clem. Gen. Fung. 50, 173 1909. Mycoporum Fw. Kocrb. Grundr. Kriiuterk. 199 1848. Dermatina Almq. Sven. Akad. Hand!. 17:8 1880. Nothostroma Clem. Gen. Fung. 50, 173 1909. Sciodothis Clem. Gen. Fung. 50, 173 1909. C. lahmi (Mull. Arg.) Clem. M. trichosporellum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. M. perexigua (Miill. Arg.) Clem. M. elabens Fw. D. elabens (Fw.) Almq. N. roseolum (Miill. Arg.) Clem. S. leucoplaca (Miill. Arg.) Clem. MYRIANGIACEAE Allosoma Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:353 1926. Angatia Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:566 1914. Kusanoopsis Stev. & Weedon Mycologia 15:199, ill. 1923. Anhellia Rac. Par. Alg. Fung. Java 2:10 1900. Ascomycetella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:846 1889; not Pk. 1881. Myriangiopsis Henn. Hedwigia 41 :23 1902. Ascostratum Syd. Ann. Myc. 10:41 1912. Bagnisiella Speg. Fung. Arg. 3:22 1880; em. Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:651 1915. Robertomyces Starb. Arkiv Bot. 5:7 1905; Syll. Fung. 22:754 1913. Butleria Sacc. Ann. Myc. 12:302 1914. Ann. Myc. 23:399, ill. 1925. Phil. Jour. Sci. 8:499 1913. Michelia 1:407 1878. Bull. Torr. Club 8:49, ill. Frag. Myk. n. 244, ill. Calolepis Syd. Calopeziza Syd. Cookella Sacc. Ascomycetella Pk. 1881. Dictyonella Hoehn. 1909. Dothiora Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 418 1849. Protoscypha Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:403 1925. Elsinoe Rac. Par. Alg. Fung. Java 1:14 1900. Endodothiora Petr. Ann. Myc. 27:345 1929. Eurytheca deSeynes Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 25:87 1878. Micromyriangium Petr. Ann. Myc. 27:43 1929. Hariotia Karst. Jour. Bot. 206 1889; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:151, 165 1918. Delphinella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9:1103 1891. Pleodothis Clem. Gen. Fung. 49, 173 1909. Pleoglonis Clem. Gen. Fung. 56, 173 1909. A. cestri Syd. A. eugeniae Syd. K. guianensis S. & W. A. tristis Rac. A. sulphurea (Wint.) Sacc. M. sulphurea (Wint.) Henn. A. insigne Syd. B. australis Speg. R. mirabilis Starb. B. inaghatahani Sacc. C. congesta Syd. C. mirabilis Syd. C. microscopica Sacc. A. quercina Pk. D. erysiphoides (Rehm) Hoehn D. sorbi (Wahl.) Fr. P. pulla Syd. E. canavaliae Rac. E. sydowiana Petr. M. H. D. P. P. monspeliensis de S. brenesi Petr. strobiligena (Desm.) Karst. strobiligena (Desm.) Sacc. polyspora (Bref.) Clem, strobiligena (Desm.) Clem. MYRIANGIACEAE 297 Plowi-ightiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11 :376 1895; 24:543 1926. Keisslerina Pctr. Ann. I\Iyc. 17:74 1919 Kusanoa Henn. Englcr Bot. Jahrb. 28:275 1900. Leptodothiora Hoelm. Ann. Myc. 18:78 1920. Leptophyma Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:844 1889. Monascostroma Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:160 1918. Myriangina (Hcnn.) Hoclm. Hcdwigia 41 :5.-i 1902; Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:372 1909. Myrianginella Stev. & Wccdon Mycologia 15:197 1923; cf. Pctr. Ann. Myc. 25:302 1927. Uleomyces Hcnn. Hedwipia 34:107 1895; Syll. Fung. 11:364 1895. Myriangium Alont. & Berk. Lond. Jonr. Bot. 4:72 1845. Diplotheca Starb. Bot. Not. 30 1893; Syll. Ining. 16:555 1902. Phymatodiscus Spcg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:484, ill. 1919; Syll. Fung. 24:1139 1928. Phymatosphaeria Pas.s. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 7:138 1886; Syll. Fung. 8:847 1889. Pyrenotheca Pat. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 33:155 1886; Syll. Fung. 8:847 1889. Myxomyriangis Theiss. Ann. Myc. 11:507 1913. Zukaliopsis Hcnn. Hedwigia 43:351 1904; Syll. Fung. 17:554 1905. Plectodiscella Woronich. Myc. Cent. 4:232 1914. Pseudosphaeria Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wicn 116:129 1907. Saccardia Cooke Grevillca 7:49 1878. Byssogene Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 21 :144 1922. Sydowia Brcs. Hedwigia 34:66 1895; Ann. Myc. 18:64 1920; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:166 1918. Wettsteinina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 116:126 1907. Yoshinagaia Hcnn. Hedwigia 43:143 1904; Syll. Fung. 17:860 1905; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 33'\ 677; Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:265,653 1915. P. K. K. L. L. M. M. M. U. M. D. P. M. polyspora (Bref.) Sacc. moravica Petr. japonica Henn. elliptica (Fkl.) Hoehn. durantiacum (E. & M.) Sacc. innumerosum (Desm.) Hoehn. mirabilis (Henn.) Hoehn. tapirae S. & W. parasiticus Henn. duriaei M. & B. tunae (Spreng.) Starb. guaraniticus Speg. abyssinica Pass, yunnanensis Pat. ricki (Rehm) Theiss. amazonica Henn. P. piri Woronich. P. callista (Rehm) Hoehn. S. quercina Cke. B. amboinensis Syd. S. gregaria Bres. W. gigaspora Hoehn. Y. quercus Henn. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Capnodiopsis Henn. Hedwigia 41 :298 1902; Syll. Fung. 17:555 1905. Myriangella Zimm. Cent. Bakt. 8:183 1902; Syll. Fung. 22:580 1913. Myxotheca Fcrd. & W^ing. Bot. Tids. 30:212 1910; Syll. Fung. 22:582 1913. M. C. mirabilis Henn. M. orbicularis Zimm. hypocreoides F. & W. 298 MICROTHYRIALES MICROTHYRIALES POLYSTOMELLACEAE 1914; Actinodothis Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 9:174 cf. Stev. Ann. Myc. 25:411 1927. Armatella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:235 1915. Asterodothis Theiss. Ann. Myc. 10:179 1912. Aulacostroma Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 9:175 1914. Blasdalea Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 16:634 1902. Stichodothis Pctr. Ann. Myc. 25:198 1927. Chaetaspis Syd. Ann. Alyc. 15:219 1917. Cocconia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:738 1889. Coscinopeltis Speg. Myc. Arg. 19:425 1909. Cycloschizella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wicn 128:63 1919. Cycloschizum Henn. Englcr Rot. Jahrb. 33:39 1902. Cyclostomella Pat. Bull. Herb. Eois?. 4:655 1896; cf. Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:26 1927. Cyclotheca Theiss. Ann. Myc. 12:70 1914. Aspidothea Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:23 1927. Dielsiella Henn. Hedwigia 42:84 1903. Maurodothis Sacc. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 2:166 1904. Diplocarpum Wolf Bot. Gaz. 54:231 1912. Dothidasteris Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 491; T. & S. Ann. Alyc. 13:229 1915; for Dothidastcro- mella. Pluriporus Stev. & Ryan Bishop Mus. Bull. 19:65, ill. 1925. Dothidasteroma Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 443; T. & S. Ann. Alyc. 13:231 1915. Entopeltis Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 489 1910; Ann. Myc. 15:296 1917. Stigmatopeltis Doidgc Bothalia 2:232 1927. Gilletiella Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 14:691 1899. Dothithyriella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:171 1918. Heterochlamys Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 11:231 1895; not Turcz. 1843. Hysterostoma Theiss. Ann. Myc. 12:509 1914; T. & S. lb. 13:237 1915. Isipinga Doidge Bothalia 1:15, ill. 1921. Hysterostomella Speg. Fung. Guar. 1:133 1883; T. & S. Ann. Myc. 13:222 1915. Hysterostomina Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:228 1915. Inocyclus Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Alyc. 13:211, ill. 1915. A. piperis Syd. A. A. A. B. S. c. c. c. c. c. A. D. M. D. D. P. D. E. S. G. D. H. H. I. H. H. litseae (Henn.) T. & S. Solaris (K. & C.) Theiss. palawanense Syd. disciformis (Rehm) S. & S. disciformis (Wint.) Petr. stenochlaenae Syd. placenta (B. & Br.) Sacc. argentinensis Speg. araucariae (Rehm) Hoehn. brachylaenae Henn. disciformis Pat. miconiae (Syd.) Theiss. blechni Syd. pritzeli Henn. alyxiae S. & S. rosae Wolf sepulta (B. & C.) Hoehn. gouldiae Stev. & Ryan maculosum (B. & Br.) Hoehn. interrupta (Wint.) Hoehn. royenae Doidge chusqueae (Pat.) S. & S. litigiosa (Desm.) Hoehn. chusqueae Pat. evanescens (Rehm) T. & S. areolata Doidge guaranitica Speg. tenella (Syd.) T. & S. psychotriae (Syd.) T. & S. POLYSTOMELLACEAE 299 Lauterbachiella Henn. Eiigler Bot. Jahrb. 25:508 1898; T. & S. Ann. Alyc. 13:220 1915. L. Lembosiodothis Hoehn. Ann. Alyc. 15:369 1917. L. Leptodothis Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:268 1914; 13:248 1915. L. Leptopeltis Hoehn. Bcr. Dcut. I^ot. Gcs. 35:358 1917. L. Leptopeltella Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Gcs. 35:418 1917; Syll. Fung. 24:1115 1928. L. Lichenopeltella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wicn 128:553 1919. L. Macowaniella Doidgc Bothalia 1:9, ill. 1921. M. Marchalia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:737 1889; T. & S. Ann. Myc. 13:251 1915. Melanochlamys Syd. Alem. Soc. Ncuch. 5:438 1912; Ann. Alyc. 13:264 1915. M. Melanoplaca Syd. Ann. Alyc. 15:222 1917. M. Mendogia Rac. Par. Alg. Pilz. Java 3:31 1900. M. Uleopeltis Henn. Hedwigia 43:267 1904; Hoehn. Frag. Alyk. 638; T. & S. Ann. Alyc. 13:217 1915. U. Microdothella Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 9:169 1914. M. EUisiodothis Theiss. Ann. Alyc. 12:73 1914; T. & S. 13:246 1915. E. Monorhiza Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Alyc. 13:218 1915. M. Monorhizina Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Alyc. 13:220 1915. M. Munkiella Speg. Fung. Guar. 1:283 1883; T. & S. Ann. Alyc. 13:262 1915. M. Isomunkia Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Alyc. 13:261 1915. I- Placosoma Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:303, ill. 1924. P. Synostomella Syd. Ann. Alyc. 25:43 1927. S. Palawania Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 9:171, ill. 1914. P. Palawaniella Doidge Bothalia 1 :16, ill. 1921. P. Parastigmatea Doidge lb. 1 :22 1921. P. Parmulariella Henn. Hedwigia 43:266 1904; Hoehn. Frag. Alyk. 639; T. & S. Ann. Alyc. 13:205 1915. Parmulina Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:194 1914; 13:195 1915. Placasterella Sacc. Ann. Myc. 8:338 1910; T. & S. 13:236 1915. P. Pleostomella Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:221 1917. P. Polycyclina Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:212 1915. P. Polycyclus Hoehn. Frag. Myc. 465; T. & S. Ann. Alyc. 13:210 1915. P. Cocconiopsis Arnaud Ann. Agr. Alontp. 16:113, ill. 1918. C. pteridis Henn. dickiae Hoehn. atramentaria (B. & C.) T. & S. filicina (Lib.) Hoehn. perexigua (Speg.) Hoehn. maculans (Zopf) Hoehn. congesta (Wint.) Doidge M. constellata (B. & Br.) Sacc. leucoptera Syd. dipteridis Syd. bambusina Rac. manaosensis Henn. culmicola Syd. inquinans (E. & E.) Theiss. longissima Rac. fihcina (B. & Br.) T. & S. caaguazu Speg. pulvinula (Pat.) T. & S. nothopanacis Syd. costaricensis Syd. grandis (Niessl.) Syd. eucleae Doidge nervisita Doidge P. vernoniae Henn. P. exculpta (Berk.) T. & S. schweinfurthi (Henn.) T. & S. philippinensis Syd. rhytismoides (Speg.) T. & S. andinus (Pat.) theisseni (Rick.) Am. 300 MICROTHYRIALES Polyrhizum Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:281 1914. P. terminaliae (Syd.) T. & S. Polystomella Speg. Fung. Guar. 2:137 1886; T. & S. Ann. Myc. 12:63 1914; 13:242 1915; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 316, 533, 664; 1913. P. pulcherrima Speg. Protothyrium Arnaud Comp. Rend. 164:574 1917. Pseudolembosia Theiss. Ann. Alyc. 11:257 1913; T. & S. lb. 13:257 1915. Rhagadolobium Henn. & Lind. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 23:287, ill. 1897; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 633, 1061. Myriostigma Arnaud Ann. Sci. Nat. 10:7:721, ill. 1925. Rhipidocarpum Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:197, ill. 1915. Schneepia Speg. Fung. Guar. 1:133 1883; T. & S. Ann. Myc. 13:199 1915. Parmularia Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:5:236 1846. Scolionema Theiss & Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:410 1917. Stigmatea Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 421 1849; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:172 1918. Stigmatodothis Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 9:173, ill. 1914; Ann. Myc. 13:263 1915. Synpeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:221 1917. Vizella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:662 1883; Theiss. Broteria 12:13 1914. P. salvadorae (Cke.) Am. P. geographica (Mass.) Theiss. R. hermiteliae Henn. & Lind. M. guatteriae Arn. R, javanicum (Pat.) T. & S. S. guaranitica Speg. P. styracis Lev. S. palmarum (Kze.) T. & S. S. robertiani Fr. S. palawanensis Syd. S. loranthi Syd. V. conferta (Cke.) Sacc. MICROTHYRIACEAE Actinomyxa Syd. Ann, Myc. 15:146 1917. Amazonia Theiss. Ann. Myc. 11 :499. ill. 1913. Asterina Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:3:59 1845. Anariste Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:76 1927. Asterella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9:393 1891; Theiss. Myc. Cent. 3:274 1913. Asterolibertia Arnaud Ann. Agr. Montp. 16:165, ill. 1918. Clypeolella Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 478 1910; Theiss. Cent. Bakt. 2:229 1912. Dimerosporium Fkl. Symb. Myc. 89 1869; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 477. Halbanina Arnaud Ann. Agr. Montp. 16:63 1918. Myxasterina Hoehn. 118:870 1909. Opeasterina Speg. 23:498 1919. Prillieuxina Arnaud 16:161, ill. 1918. Trichasterina .'\rnaud Sitzb. Akad. Wien Bol. Acad. Cordoba Ann. Agr. Montp. lb. 16:172, ill. 1918. Wardina Arnaud lb. 16:165 1918. A. A. A. A. A. C. D. H. M. O. P. T. W. australiensis Syd. psychotriae (Henn.) Theiss. azarae Lev. poliothea Syd. megalospora (B. & C.) Theiss. couepiae (Henn.) Arn. inversa Hoehn. veronicae (Lib.) Fkl. irregularis (Syd.) Arn. strychni Hoehn. aspidii (Henn.) Theiss. winteriana (Pass.) Arn. styracis (Theiss.) Arn. myocoproides (S. & B.) Arn. MICROTHYRIACEAE 30] Asterinella Theiss. Ann. Myc. 10:160 1912. A. Hariotula Arnaud Les Astcrin. 201 1918. H. Maublancia Arnaud Ann. Agr. Montp. 16:158 1918. M. Asteromyxa Theiss. Ann. Mjx. 15:419 1917. A. Aulographella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:367 1917. A. Aulographis Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:364 1917; 16:150 1918. A. Beelia Stev. & Ryan Bishop Mus. Bull. 19:71, ill. 1925. B. Brefeldiella Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 11:558 1888. B. Caenothyrium Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:417 1917. C. Calothyriella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:371 1917; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:326 1927. C. Calothyriolum Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:498 1919. C. Calothyris Stev. & Ryan Bishop Mus. Bull. 19:71, ill. 1925; for Calothyriopeltis. C. Calothyrium Theiss. Ann. Myc. 10:160 1912; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:326 1927. C. Leptopeltina Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 27:397 1923. L. Ptychopeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:78, ill. 1927. P- Campoa Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 25:90 ill. 1921. C. Caudella Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:90, ill. 1916; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 1085. C. Chaetothyriopsis Stev. & Dorman M}cologia 19:237, ill. 1927. C. Clypeolina Theiss. Ann. Myc. 15:419 1917. C. Opeasterinella Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:498 1919. O. Polythyrium Syd. Ann. Myc. 27:64 1929. P. Coscinopeltis Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 19:425, ill. 1909; Theiss. Myc. Cent. 3:276, ill. 1913. Echinodella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:422 1917. Echinodes Theiss. & Syd. lb. Englerulaster Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 520 1910; Theiss. Broteria, 78 1914. Hadotia Maire Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy 1906:11. Halbania Rac. Crypt. Par. Java 89 1889; Theiss. Myc. Cent. 3:277 1913; Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:1168 1909. Scutellum Speg. Fung. Arg. 4:161 1881. Halbaniella Theiss. Ann. Myc. 14:430 1916. Asteridium Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 26:349 1923. Asteridiellina Seavcr & Toro Sci. Surv. P.R. 8:25 1926. A. Platypeltella I^etr. Ann. ^lyc. 27:62 1929. P. puiggari (Speg.) Theiss. loranthi (K. & H.) Arn. myrtacearum Arn. hirtula (Speg.) Theiss. epilobii (Lib.) Hoehn. hederae (Lib.) Hoehn. suttoniae S. & R. brasiliensis Speg. alang-alang (Rac.) T. & S. pinophylla Hoehn. caaguazuense Speg. scaevola S. & R. nebulosum (Speg.) Theiss. antarctica Speg. roupalae Syd. pulcherrima Speg. oligotricha Syd. panamensis S. & D. apus Theiss. brasiliensis Speg. costaricense Syd. C. argentinensis Speg. E. E. E. H. H. S. H. linearis Syd. liturae (Cke.) T. & S. orbicularis (B. & C.) Hoehn. nivalis Maire cyathearum Rac. paradoxum Speg. javanica (Rac.) Theiss. A. portoricense Speg. portoricensis (Speg.) S. & T. smilacis Petr. 302 MICROTHYRIALES Kriegeriella Hoehn. Ann, M.vc. 16:39 1918. Lembosia Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:3:58 1845. Balansina Arnaud Ann. Agr. Montp. 16:123, ill. 1918. Cirsosia Arnaud lb. 127. Maurodothella Arnaud lb. 124. Lembosiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9:1101 1891; Theiss. Myc. Cent. 3:278 1913. Lembosina Theiss. Ann. Myc. 11:437 1913. Lembosiopsis Theiss. Ann. Myc. 11:435 1913. Uleothyrium Petr. Ann. Myc. 27:388 1929. Meliolaster Doidge Trans Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 8:123 1920. Micropeltopsis Wain. Act. Soc. Fenn. 49.218 1921. Microthyris Clem.; Microthyrium lichenicolum. Microthyrium Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:15:138 1841. Aphanopeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:82 1927. Calopeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:392, ill. 1925. Microthyriolum Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:136 1919. Niesslella Hoehn. Bcr. Deut. Bot. Ges. 36:468 1918. Morenella Speg. Fung. Guar. 1:258 1883. Cirsosiella Arnaud Ann. Agr. Montp. 16:127, ill. 1918. Morenina Theiss. Ann. Myc. 11 :432 1913. Myiocoprella Sacc. Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 23:199 1916. Myiocoprum Speg. Fung. Arg. 2:142 1880; Theiss. Alyc. Cent. 3:279 1913. Parasterina Theiss. & Syd. Ann. ^lyc. 15:246 1917. Peltella Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:237 1917. Phragmoscutella Woron. & Abram. Ann. Myc. 24:231 1926. Phragmothyrium Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 121:347 1912. Pycnocarpum Theiss. Abh. z-b. Ges. Wien 7:31, ill. 1913. Eupelte Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:426. ill. 1924. Pycnoderma Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:563 1914. Pycnopeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:365 1916. Rhaphidocyrtis Wain. Act. Soc. Fenn. 49:217 1921. Seynesia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:668 1883. Arnaudiella Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:339 1927. Ferrarisia Sacc. Att. Acad. Ven. 3:10:61 1919. Seynesiola Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:498 1919. K. mirabilis Hoehn. L. tenella Lev. B. stellata Arn. C. manaosensis Arn. M. psychotriae Arn. L. polyspora (Pat.) Sacc. L. aulographoides (B. R. S.) Theiss. L. andromedae (Tracy & Earle) Theiss. U. amazonicum Petr. M. mackenzi Doidge M. cetraricola Wain. M. maculans (Zopf) Clem. M. microscopicum Desm. A. phoebes Syd. C. acnisti Syd. M. apiahynum Speg. N. scirpicola (Fkl.) Hoehn. M. ampulluligera Speg. C. transversalis (Syd.) Arn. M. antarctica (Speg.) Theiss. M. bakeri Sacc. M. corrientinum Speg. P. melastomatis (Lev.) Theiss. P. conjuncta Syd. P. abchasica W. & A. P. hymenophylli (Pat.) Hoehn. P. magnificum (Syd. & Butl.) Theiss. E. amicta Syd. P. bambusinum Syd. P. bakeri Syd. R. trichosporella (Nyl.) Wain. S. nobilis (W. & C.) Sacc. A. caronae (Pass.) Petr. F. philippina Sacc. S. chilensis Speg. MICROPELTACEAE 303 Stegothyrium Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 127:382 1918. Stephanotheca Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 9:178, ill. 1914. Symphaster Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:217, 668 1915. Thallochaete Theiss. Ann. Myc. 11:501, ill. 1913. Anariste Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:76 1927. Thyrosoma Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:307 1921. Trichopeltella Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 521 1910. T. montana (Rac.) Hoehn. Trichopeltina Theiss. Cent. Bakt. 39:630, ill. 1914. Trichopeltopsis Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:861 1909. Trichopeltis Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 11:571 1889. Trichopeltula Theiss. Cent. Bakt. 39:636, ill. 1914. Yatesula Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:237 1917. S. denudans (Rehm) Hoehn. S. micromera Syd. S. gesneraceae (Henn.) T. & S. T. ingae Theiss. A. poliothea Syd. T. pulchellum Syd. T. labecula (Mont.) Theiss, T. reptans (B. & C.) Hoehn. T. pulchella Speg. T. hedycaryae Theiss. Y. calami Syd. MICROPELTACEAE Aphysa Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:134 1917. Chaetopeltopsis Theiss. Ann. Myc. 11:496 A. rhynchosiae (K. & C.) T. & S. C. tenuissima (Petch) Theiss. 1913. Plochmopeltidella Mendoza Bot. Gaz. 79:291, ill. 1925. P. smilacina Mendoza Chaetoplaca Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:232,432 1917. C. memecyli Syd. Clypeolum Speg. Fung. Arg. 4:143 1882. C. atrareolatum Speg. Calothyriopsis Hoehn. Sitz. Akad. Wien 128:552 1919. C. conferta (Theiss.) Hoehn. Clypeolina Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 26:393, ill. 1924. C. cubensis Speg. Clypeolopsis Stev. & Manter Bot. Gaz. 79:287 1925. C. cubensis (Speg.) S. & M. Dictyopeltis Theiss. Ann. Myc. 11 :468 1913. D. vulgaris (Rac.) Theiss. Dictyothyrina Theiss. lb. D. fecunda (Sacc.) Theiss. Dictyothyrium Theiss. Oest. Bot. Zeits. 62:277 1912. Eremotheca Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:235,431 1917. Endocycla Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:90 1927. Gymnopeltis Stev. 111. Biol. Mon. 8:191, ill. 1923. Eremothecella Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:236 1917; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 1145. Griggsia Stev. & Dalbey Bot. Gaz. 68:224, ill. 1919. Haplopeltis Theiss. Broteria 12:88 1914. Metathyriella Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:96 1927. Micropeltella Syd. Ann. Myc. 11 :404 1913. Parapeltella Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:143 1919. D. chalybeum (Rehm) Theiss. E. rufula (B. & C.) T. & S. E. phoebes Syd. G. trinidadensis Stev. E. calamicola Syd. G. cyathea S. & D. H. bakeriana (Rehm) Theiss. M. roupalae Syd. M. clavispora Syd. P. macrosperma Speg. 304 MICROTHYRIALES Bol. Acad. Cordoba 25:93, Ann. Myc. 25:323 1927. Ann. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya for Phaeopeltis Fetch, not Frag. Myk. 725 I^hragmothyriella Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:506 1919; Syd. Ann. Myc. 18:186 1920. Micropeltis Mont. Flant. Cell. Cuba 325 1842; Theiss. Myc. Cent. 3:278 1913. Dictyothyriella Rehm Broteria 12:92 1914. Hormopeltis Speg. Myc. Arg. 6:84 1912. Scolecopeltidella Mendoza Bot. Gaz. 79:293, ill. 1925. Theciopeltis Stev. & Manter Bot. Gaz. 79:285 1925. Microthyriella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:370, ill. 1909. Mitopeltis Speg. ill. 1923. Moesziella Petr. Phaeaspis Fetch 7:33 1919; Clements 1909. Phragmothyriella Hoehn. 1912. Plochmopeltis Theiss. Broteria 12:87 1914. Polyclypeolum Theiss. Ann. Myc. 12:67 1914. Protopeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:87 1927. Saccardinula Speg. Fung. Guar. 1:257 1883; Syll. Fung. 9:1071 1891. Schizothyrium Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:11:360 1849. Epipeltis Theiss. Abh. z-b. Ges. Wien 7:26 1913. Scolecopeltis Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 574 1889; Theiss. Myc. Cent. 3:280 1913. Ophiopeltis Aim. & Cam. Rev. Agron. 1:175, ill. 1903; Syll. Fung. 17:873 1905. Scolecopeltopsis Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 218 1909. Scolecopeltium Stev. & Manter Bot. Gaz. 79:282, ill. 1925; for Scolecopeltidium. Stigmatophragmia Tehon & Stout Mycologia 21:180, ill. 1929. Stomiopeltella Theiss. Broteria 12:86 1914. Stomiopeltis Theiss. lb. 85 P. albomarginata Speg. M. D. H. S. M. M. M. P. P. P. P. S. S. E. S. S. S. S. s. applanata Mont, bauhiniae Rehm bonplandi Speg. palmarum Mendoza guianensis S. & M. ricki (Rehm) Hoehn. chilensis Speg. pulchella Petr. P. gomphispora (B. & Br.) Petch molleriana (Sacc.) Hoehn. intricata (E. & M.) Theiss. abietis (Hoehn.) Theiss. roupalae Syd. guaranitica Speg. ptarmicae Desm. gaultheriae (Curt.) Theiss. tropicalis Speg. oleae A. & C. aeruginea (Zimm.) Hoehn. salacense (Rac.) S. & M. sassafrasicola T. & S. nubecula (B. & C.) Theiss. aspersa (Berk.) Theiss. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Anomothallus Stev. Bishop Mus. Bull. 19:91, ill. 1925. Asci and spores uncertain, sec. author. A. Cryptopeltis Rehm. Ann. Myc. 4:409 1906; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 324 1909. C. Hyalasterina Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:498 1919. Microthyrites Pampaloni Att. Acad. Line. 5:11:251 1902; Jour. Myc. 12:64 1906. M. Murashkinskija Petr. Hedwigia 68:203 1928. M. erraticus Stev. obtecta Rehm (no species given) disodilis Pamp. juniperina Petr. I HYSTERIACEAE 305 Neostomella Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:38 1927. Opethyrium Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:498 1919. Patouillardina Arnaud Conip. Rend. 159:890 1917. Phaeoscutella Henn. Hedwigia 43:382, ill. 1904. Not a fungus, sec. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 685. Piptostoma B. & Br. Fung. Ceylon 1135 1870; Syll. Fung. 9:1054 1891. Rheumatopeltis Stev. 111. Biol. Mon. 11:24, ill. 1927. Synesiella Arnaud Ann. Agr. Montp. 16:202, ill. 1918. Synesiopeltis Stev. & Ryan Bishop Mus. Bull. 16:69, ill. 1925. Thyriascus Schulzer Flora 60:51 1877; Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:433 1917. Trichothallus Stev. Bishop Mus. Bull. 19:85, ill. 1925. Sterile thallus without peri- thecia or pycnidia, sec. author. N. tabernaemontanae Syd. (no species given) P. clavispora (Pat.) Arn. P. gynerii Henn. P. spilota B. & Br. R. querci Stev. S. juniperi (Desm.) Arn. S. tetraplasandrae S. & R. T. quercinus Schulz. T. hawaiensis Stev. PHACIDIALES HYSTERIACEAE Alg. Pilz. Java 1:19 1900. Crypt. Ard. n. 272 1834. Ann. Myc. 15:318 1917. Syll. Fung. 2:764, as subg. ; Sci. Surv. P. R. 8:77 Aldona Rac. Par. Aulographum Lib. Bifusella Hoehn. Bulliardella Sacc. 17:902 1905. Ostreionella Seaver 1926. Dichaena Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 403 1849. Farlowiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9:1100 1891; for Farlowia Sacc. lb. 2:727 1883, not Agardh 1876. Gloniella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:765 1883. Gloniopsis DeNot. Pir. Ister. 23 1847. Glonium Miihlenberg Cat. Am. 101 1813; cf. Fr. Syst. Alyc. 2:594 1821. Psiloglonium Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:147 1918 as subg.; Petrak Ann. Myc. 21:227 1923. Graphyllium Clem. Rep. Bot. Surv. Nebr. 5:6 1901; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:212 1918. Hadotia Maire Bull. Soc. Nancy 3:7:174 1906. Hypoderma DC. Flor. Fr. 2:304 1805. Hysteropeltella Petrak Ann. Myc. 21 :9 1923. Hypodermella Tubeuf Bot. Cent. 1:48 1895. Hypodermellina Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:303 1917. A. stella-nigra Rac. A. vagum Desm. B. linearis (Pk.) Hoehn. B. beccarini Paoli O. fusispora Seav. D. quercina (Pers.) Fr. F. repanda (Blox.) Sacc. G. lapponica (Karst.) Sacc. G. decipiens DeN. G. stellatum Miihl. P. lineare (Fr.) Petrak G. chloes Clem. H. nivalis Maire H. virgultorum DC. H. moravica Petrak H. laricis Tubeuf H. ruborum Hoehn. 306 PHACIDIALES Lophodermella Hoehn. Sitz. Akad. Wien 126:294 1917. L. sulcigena (Link) Hoehn. Hypodermopsis Earle Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3:345 1902. H. sequoiae Earle Hysterium Tode Fung. Meckl. 2:4 1790. H. pulicare Pers. Hysteroglonium Rehm Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:35 1896; Lindau Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:274 1897. H. ovatum (Cke.) Lind. Xyloschizum Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:192 1922. X. weirianum Syd. Hysterographium Corda Icon. 5:34 1842.. H. fraxini (Pers.) DeN. Fragosoa Cif. Bol. Espan. Hist. Nat. 26:194, ill. 1926. F. aterrima Cif. Hysteropsis Speg. Rev. Fac. La Plata 2:308, ill. 1906. H. brasiliensis Speg. Polhysterium Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 2Z:Z1 1912; Syll. Fung. 24:1122 1928. P. cuyanum Speg. Hysteropsis Rehm Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:36 1896. H. culmigena Rehm Lophium Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:533 1821. L. mytilinum (Pers.) Fr. Lophodermium Chevallier Fl. Gen. Paris 1:436 1826. L. arundinaceum (Schrad.) Chev. Lophodermellina Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:311 1917. L. hysterioides (Pers.) Hoehn. Lophodermina Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:312 1917. L. melaleucum (Fr.) Hoehn. Mytilidium Duby Mem. Hyster. 62 1881. M; aggregatum Duby Ostreium Duby Mem. Hyster. 21, ill. 1881; Syll. Fung. 2:765 1883. O. americanum Duby GRAPHIDACEAE Arthoniae AUarthonia Nyl. Flora 61:246 1878. A. patellulata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Allarthothelium (Wain.) Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:91 1903. A. albovirescens (Wain.) Zahlbr. Arthonia (Ach.) Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:89 1903. A. radiata (Pers.) Th. Fr. Arthoniopsis Miill. Arg. Lich. Epi. Nov. 17 1890. A. obesa Mull. Arg. Arthothelium Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 54 1852. A. spectabile (Fw.) Mass. Celidium Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:17:120 1852. C. stictarum (DeN.) Tul. Conida Mass. Flora 40:488 1856 C. clemens Tul. Coniocarpum DC. Flor. Fr. ed. 3 2:323 1805. C. gregarium (Weig.) Koerb. Diarthonis Clem. Gen. Fung. 58,174 1909. D. lurida (Ach.) Clem. Gymnographa Miill. Arg. Flora 70:62 1887. G. medusulina Miill. Arg. Lecidiopsis Rehm. Rabh. Krypt. FI. 3:432 1896. L. galactites (DC.) Rehm Merarthonis Clem. Gen. Fung. 40,174 1909. M. leptosperma (Miill. Arg.) Clem. Phacopsis Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:17:124 1852. P. vulpina Tul. Plearthonis Clem. Gen. Fung. 40,174 1909. P. caesia (Fw.) Clem. Synarthonia Miill. Arg. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30:85 1891. S. bicolor Mull. Arg. Trichophyma Rehm Hedwigia 44:7 1905. T. buchosiae Rehm GRAPHIDACEAE 307 Wain. CIcin. Graphidae Gen. Fung. 59 Acanthothecis 1909, for Acanthothecium Wain. Etud. Lich. Bres. 2:93 1890; not Speg. 1889. Acanthotheciopsis Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:117 1926. Anomorpha Nyl. Lich. Ins. Guin. 50 1889. Digraphis Clem. Gen. Fung. 59,174 1909. Aulaxina Fee Essai Crypt. 60 1824. Diplogramma Miill. Arg. Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 23:399 1891. Encephalographa Mass. Gen. Lich. 13 1854. Fouragea Trev. Ren. 1st. Lomb. 13:67 1880. Graphina Miill. Arg. Flora 63:22 1880. Graphinella Zahlbr. Cat. Lich. Univ. 285 1923. Graphis (Adans.) Miill. Arg. Mem. Soc. Geneve 29:28 1887. Helminthocarpum Fee Essai Crypt. 156 1824. Dictyographa Miill. Arg. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 1:131 1893. Soc. Linn. Bord. Linn. Bord. 21:416 Lithographa Nyl. Act. 21:393 1856. Melaspilea Nyl. Act. Soc 1856. Micrographa AIull. Arg. Flora 73:194 1890. Opegrapha Humb. Fl. Frib. Spec. 57 1793. Phaeographina Miill. Arg. Flora 65:398 1882. Phaeographis Miill. Arg. Flora 65:336 1882. Psorographis Clem. Gen. Fung. 59,174 1909. Ptychographa Nyl. Jour. Bot. 12:257 1874. Sclerographis Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:111 1926. Spirographa Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:96 1903. Xylographa Fr. FI. Scan. 334 1835. Xyloschistes Wain. Medd. Soc. Fenn. 10:149 1883. Ann. Acad. Dirinae Fenn. Cyclographa Wain. A:15:295 1921. Dirina Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1:244 1825. Dirinastrum Miill. Arg. Bull. Herb. Boiss 1:55 1893. A. pachygraphoides Wain. A. pachygraphoides (Wain.) Zahlbr. A. turbulenta Nyl. D. turbulenta (Nyl.) Clem. A. opegraphina Fee D. australiense Miill. Arg. E. cerebrina (Ram.) Mass. F. filicina (Mont.) Trev. G. globosa (Fee) M. A. G. fusisporella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. G. scripta (L.) Ach. H. leprevosti Fee D. arabica Miill. Arg. L. tesserata (DC.) Nyl. M. arthonioides (Fee) Nyl. M. anisomera Miill. Arg. O. varia Pers. P. prosiliens (M. & B.) M. A. P. sordida (Fee) M. A. P. clavuliger (Wain.) Clem. P. xylographoides Nyl. S. quinqueseptata (Wain.) Zahlbr. S. fusisporella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. X. parallela (Ach.) Fr. X. platytropa (Nyl.) Wain. C. interposita Wain. D. repanda (Fr.) Nyl. D. australiense Miill. Arg. Combea DeN. Giorn Darbishirella Zahlbr. 16:13 1898. Dendrographa Darbishire Ges. 13:313 1895. Roccellae Bot. Ital. 1:1:225 1846. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. Ber. Deut. Bot. C. mollusca (Ach.) DeN. D. gracillima (Darb.) Zahlbr. D. leucophaea (Tuck.) Darb. 308 PHACIDIALES Ingaderia Darbishire Ber. Deut. Bot. Gcs. 16:14 1898. I. pulcherrima Darb. Pentagenella Darbishire Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 15:5 1897. P. fragillima Darb. Reinkella Darbishire Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:764 1897. R. lirellina Darb. Roccella DC. Flor. Fr. ed. 3 2:334 1805. R. fuciformis DC. Roccellaria Darbishire Ber. Deut. Bot. Gcs. 15:6 1897. R. intricata (Mont.) Darb. Roccellina Darbishire Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 16:11 1898. R. condensata Darb. Roccellographa Stnr. Denks. Akad. Wicn 71:98 1902. R. cretacea Stnr. Schizopelte Th. Fr. Flora 58:143 1875. S. californica Th. Fr. Simonyella Stnr. Denks. Akad. Wien 71:96. 1902. S. variegata Stnr. Chiodectae Chiodectum (Ach.) Miill. Arg. Mem. Soc. Geneve 29:65 1887. C. sphaerale Ach. Enterodictyum Miill. Arg. Jour. Linn. Soc. 29:230 1892. E. indicum MUll. Arg. Medusulina Mull. Arg. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:93 1894. M. nitida (Eschw.) M. A. Enterostigma Miill. Arg. Flora 68:254 1885. E. compunctum (Ach.) M. A. Glyphis (Ach.) Fee Essai Crypt. 38,61 1824. G. cicatrosa (Ach.) Zahlbr. Mazosia Mass. Neag. Lich. 9 1854. M. rotula (Mont.) M. A, Minksia Miill. Arg. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. 11:469 1882. M. caesiella Miill. Arg. Pycnographa Mail. Arg. Flora 73:194 1890. P. radians Mull. Arg. Rotularia Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:122 1926. R. bambusae (Wain.) Zahlbr, Sarcographa Fee Essai Crypt. 35,58 1824. S. labyrinthica (Ach.) M. A. Sarcographina Mull. Arg. Flora 70:425 1887. S. cyclospora Mull. Arg. Sclerophytum Eschw. Syst. Lich. 14 1824. S. elegans Eschw. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Cf. Zahlbruckner Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:107,127 1926. PHACIDIACEAE Bifusella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:318 1917. B. linearis (Pk.) Hoehn. Bonanseia Sacc. Jour. Myc. 12:50 1906; Ann. Myc. 4:362 1906. B. mexicana Sacc. Clithris Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:189 1822. C. quercina (Pars.) Fr. Colpoma Wallr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. 2:422 1833. C. quercinum (Pers.) Wallr. Sporomega Corda Icon. Fung. 5:34 1840. S. degenerans (Fr.) Corda Coccomyces DeNot. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2:38 1847. C. coronatus (Schum.) DeN. Coccomycella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:323 1917. C. quercina (Desm.) Hoehn. Coccomycetella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:309 1917. C. belonospora (Nyl.) Hoehn. PHACIDIACEAE 309 Coccophacidium Rehm. Rabh. Krypt. Fl. 3:97 1896. Therrya Sacc. Michelia 2:604 1882; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 778. Criella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:756 1889; 16:786 1902. Nymanomyces Henn. Monsunia 1 :28 1900; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:154 1918. Phaeorhytisma Henn. Monsunia 1:29 1900. Synglonium Penz. & Sacc. Malpighia 11:526 1897; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:154 1918. Cryptomyces Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. 4:206 1826. Cryptomycina Hoehn. Ann. l^Iyc. 15:321 1917. Dothiora Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 419 1849. Keisslerina Petr. Ann. Myc. 17:75 1919. Keithia Sacc, Syll. Fung. 10:49 1892. Didymascella Maire & Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:162 1906; 22:748 1913. Phacidium Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:371 1822. Phacidiella Poteb. Zeits. Pflanzenk. 22:147, ill. 1912; Syll. Fung. 24:1261 1928. Phacidina Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:324 1917. Phacidiostroma Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:324 1917. Rhabdocline Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:194 1922. Phaeophacidium Henn. & Lind. Hedwigia 36:234 1897. Hymenobolus Dur. & Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:4:359 1845; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 647,1139. Pseudotrochila Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 35:416 1917. Pseudographis Nyl. Herb. Fenn. 96. 1855. Pseudophacidium Karst. Act. Soc. Fenn. 2:157. Leptophacidium Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 127:331 1918. Myxophacidiella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 126:301 1917. Myxophacidium Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 126:301 1917. Rhytisma Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:569 1822. Duplicaria Fkl. Symb. Myc. 265, ill. 1869. Pachyrhytisma Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:317 1917. Placuntium Ehrenb. Sylv. Myc. Berol. 17 1818. Xyloma Pers. Tent. Disp. Fung. 5, ill. 1797. Schizothyrium Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:11:360 1852. Epipeltis Theiss. Abh. z-b. Ges. Wien 7:3:30 1913; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:296 1917. C. pini (A. & S.) Rehm T. gallica Sacc. & Penz, C. austrocaledona (Crie) Sacc. N. aceris-laurini (Pat.) Rac. P. lonicerae Henn. S. insigne P. & S. C. maximus (Fr.) Rehm. C. pteridis (Rebent.) Hoehn. D. sphaeroides (Pers.) Fr. K. moravica Petr. K. tetraspora (Phill.) Sacc. D. oxycedri Maire & Sacc. P. lacerum Fr. P. discolor (M. & S.) Poteb. P. gracile (Niessl) Hoehn. P. multivalve (DC.) Hoehn. R. pseudotsugae Syd. P. escalloniae H. & L. H. agaves D. & M. P. rhododendri (Rac.) Hoehn. P. pinicola (Nyl.) Rehm P. ledi (A. & S.) Karst. L. umbelliferarum (Rabh.) Hoehn. M. microsperma (Fkl.) Hoehn. M. degenerans (Karst.) Hoehn. R. acerinum (Pers. Fr. D. empetri (Fr.) Fkl. P. symmetricum (J. Mull.) Hoehn. P. andromedae (Pers.) Ehrenb. X. salicinum Pers. S. ptarmicae Desm. E. gaultheriae (Curt.) Theiss. 310 PHACIDIALES Schizothyrioma Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:297 1917; Syll. Fung. 24:1112 1928. S. ptarmicae (Desm.) Hoehn. Sphaeropezia Sacc. Consp. Gen. Disc. 14 1884 S. vaccinii (Rehm.) Sacc. Tridens Massee Jour. Myc. 10:221 1904. T. elegantissimum (B. & C.) Massee Haplophyse Theiss. Ann. Myc. 14:267, ill. 1916. H. oahuensis Theiss. Aporhytisma Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:318 1917. Macroderma Hoehn. Bcr. Deut. Bot. Ges. 35:419 1917. Microsticta Desm. PI. Crypt. Fr. 1000 1839. Nothodiscus Sacc. Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 24:38 1917; Syll. Fung. 24:1264 1928. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia urticae (Wallr.) Hoehn. A. M. M. curtisi (B. & R.) Hoehn. pomi Desm. Briardia Sacc. Rev. Myc. 7:159 1885. Carestiella Bres. Malpighia 11:274 1897. Coccopeziza Har. & Karst. Rev. Myc. 12:128 1890. Cryptodiscus Corda Icon. Fung. 2:37 1838. Propoliopsis Rehm. Leaf. Phil. Bot. 6:2279 1914. Diplocryptis Clem. Gen. Fung. 63,174 1909. Diplonaevia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:666 1889. Ploettnera Henn. Verh. Bot. Brandenb. 41 :94 1899. Eupropolella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:311 1917. Eupropolis DcN. Comm. Critt. 1:364 1864. Janseella Henn. Monsunia 1:30,171 1889; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 646. Flaminia Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 16:777 1902. Habrostictis Fkl. Symb. Myc. 249 1869. Iridionia Rac. Par. Alg. Pilz. Java 3:20 1900. Laquearia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 366 1849. Lasiostictis Sacc. Misc. Myc. 2:24, ill. 1884. Lindauella Rehm. Hedwigia 82 1900. Melittosporium Corda Icon. Fung. 2:38 1838. Delpontia Penz. & Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:151 1906. Platysticta Cooke & Massee Grevillea 17:95 1889. Merostictis Clem. Gen. Fung. 64,174 1909. Melittosporiella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:211 1918; Syll. Fung. 24:1251 1928. Moutoniella Penz. & Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:163 1906; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 111. Naemacyclus Fkl. Symb. Myc. App. 2:49 1869. Naevia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. Z17> 1849. Asteronaevia Petr. Ann. Myc. 27:408 1929. \ N. antoniae Sacc. STICTIDACEAE B. compta Sacc. C. socia Bres. C. ootheca Har. & Karst. C. pallidus (Pers.) Cda. P. arengae Rehm D. foveolaris (Rehm) Clem. D. caricum (Auers.) Sacc. P. coeruleoviridis (Rehm.) Henn. E. vaccinii (Rehm) Hoehn. E. guthnickiana DeN. J. asteriscus Henn. & Nym. F. amylospora (Rehm) S. & S. H. pallida (Fkl.) Clem. I. filicis Rac. L. sphaeralis Fr. L. conigena Sacc. & Berl. L. pyrenocarpis Rehm M. aeruginosum (Pers.) Rehm. D. pulchella Penz. P. simulans C. & M. M. emergens (Karst.) Clem. M. pulchella Hoehn. M. polita P. & S. N. niveus (Pers.) Sacc. N. minutula (S. & M.) Rehm A. trichophori Petr. TRYBLIDIACEAE 311 Stictostroma Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:322 1917. Naeviella Clem. Gen. Fung. 63,174 1909. Ocellaria Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp. 3:129 1865. Ostropa Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 401 1849. Phragmonaevia Rehm Rabh. Krypt. Fl. 3:160 1896. Pleostictis Rehm Ascom. Lojk. 70 1882. Propolidium Sacc. Consp. Gen. Disc. 11 1884. Propolina Sacc. Consp. Gen. Disc. 11 1884. Propolis Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 372 1849. Schizoxylum Fers. Ann. Wett. 1:11 1810. Stegia Fr. Obs. Myc. 2:352 1818. Hysterostegiella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 126:313, ill. 1929. Stegopeziza Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 1010 1917. Stegopezizella Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:392 1924. Stictophacidium Rehm Ascom. 916 1888. Stictis Pers. Observ. 2:1Z 1796. Cerion Massee Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 159 1901; Syll. Fung. 18:154 1906. Karstenia Fr. Karst. Rev. 166. 1885. Trochila Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 387 1849. Pyrenotrochila Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:332 1917. Sarcotrochila Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 126:309, ill. 1917. Xyloglyphis Clem. Gen. Fung. 64,174 1909. Xylogramma Wallr. Fl. Crypt. Germ. 509 1833. Xylographa Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:197 1822. S. leopoldinum (Rehm.) Hoehn. N. fuckeli (Rehm) Clem. O. aurea Tul. O. cinerea (Pers.) Fr. P. libertiana (S. & R.) Rehm P. propolidis Rehm. P. glaucum (Ell.) Sacc. P. cervina Sacc. P. faginea (Schrad.) Karst. S. berkeleyanum (D. & L.) Fkl. S. lauri (Cald.) Sacc. H. fenestrata (Rob.) Hoehn. S. lauri (Cald.) Hoehn. S. balsameae (Davis) Syd. S. carniolicum Rehm S. radiata (L.) Pers. C. coccineum M. & Rodway K. sorbina (Karst.) Fr. T. craterium (DC.) Fr. P. laurocerasi (Desm.) Hoehn. S. alpina (Fkl.) Hoehn. X. striola (Fr.) Clem. X. sticticum (Fr.) Wallr. X. parallela (Ach.) Fr, Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Didymascina Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 3:331 1905. D. salicicola (All.) Hoehn. Leptocrea Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:87 1916; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 1164. L. orbiculata Syd. Phaneromyces Speg. & Har. Rev. Myc. 11:93 1889; Syll. Fung. 8:677 1889; cf. Lind. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:349 1897. P. macrosporus (Boud.) Speg. TRYBLIDIACEAE Asterocalyx Hoehn. Sitzb. .-Xkad. Wien 121 :402 1912. Caldesia (Trev.) Rehm cm. Lich. Ven. n. 152 1869. Henriquesia Pass. & Thucm. Cont. Myc. Lus. 228 1879. Heterosphaeria Grev. Scot. Crypt. Flor. 2:103 1824. Hysteropeziza Rabh. Hedwigia 13:174 1874. H. petiolaris (A. & S.) Rabh Odontotrema Nyl. Lich. Scan. 249 1861. O. minus Nyl. Odontura Clem. Gen. Fung. 65,174 1909. Odontotremella Rehm. Ber. Bot. Ges Munchen 13:166 1912. A. mirabilis Hoehn. C. sabina (DeN.) Rehm H. lusitanica P. & T, H. patella (Tode) Grev. O. rhaphidospora (Rehm) Clem. O. rhaphidospora Rehm 312 PEZIZALES Phaeoderris Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 120:462 1911; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:599 1889, as sub- genus. Scleroderris Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:178 1822. Tryblidiopsis Karst. Myc. Fenn. 24 1871. Tryblidis Clem. Gen. Fung. 65,174 1909. Tryblidium Rebent. Prod. Flo. Neomarch. 388 1804. BIytridium DeNot. Prop. Disc. 20 1863. Tryblis Clem.; Tryblidiopsis phragmospora. P. caespitosa (Niessl) Hoehn. S. ribesia (Pers.) Karst. T. pinastri (Pers.) Karst. T. pinastri (Pers.) Clem. T. calyciforme (Fr.) Rebent. B. calyciforme (Fr.) DeN. T. arnoldi (Rehm) Clem. Genera Incertae Sedis Actinomyxa Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:146 1917. A. australiensis Syd. Hysteropezizella Hoehn. 126:310, ill. 1917. Sitzb. Akad. Wien H. subvelata (Rehm) Hoehn. Cenangella Sacc. Consp. Gen. Disc. 9 1884. Dermatella Karst. Myc. Fenn. 1:209 1871 Cenangiopsis Rehm Ber. Ges. Mimchen 13:189 1912. Cenangium Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:177 1822. Ameghiniella Speg. Fung. Fueg. n. 347 1888. Cenangina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:882 1909. Encoelia (Fr.) Karst. ^Mvc. Fenn. 1:218 1871. Ephelina Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:585 1889. Pezomela Syd. Ann. Myc. 26:121 1928. Choriactis Kupfer Bull. Torrey Club 29:142 1902; cf. Seaver N. A. Cup-fungi 198 1928. Crumenula DeNot. Prop. Disc. 9 1864. Dermatea Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 362 1849. Durandia Rehm Ascom. no. 2027; Ann. Myc. 11:166 1913; cf. Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 36:310 1918. Encoeliella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 119:619 1910. Godronia Moug. Consid. Gen. Veg. 355 1845. Godroniopsis Diehl & Cash Mycologia 21 :243, ill. 1929. Midotiopsis Henn. Hedwigia 41 :17 1902. Midotis Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 363 1825. Wynnea Berk. & Curt. Jour. Linn. Soc. Lond. 9:424 1867. Wynnella Boudier Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:102 1885. Pezolepis Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:408, ill. 1925. Phaeangella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:128 1906. Phaeangium Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16:764 1902. Perizomatium Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:98 1927. Scytopezis Clem. Bull. Torr. Club. 30:87 1903 PEZIZALES DERMATEACEAE C. pinastri (Tul.) Sacc. D. frangulae (Fr.) Karst. C. quercicola (Romell) Rehm C. furfuraceum (Roth) DeN. A. australis Speg. C. inocarpi (Henn.) Hoehn. E. furfuracea (Fr.) Karst. E. rhinanthi (Phill.) Sacc. P. saxegothaeae Syd. C. geaster (Pk.) Kupfer C. pinicola (Rebent.) Karst. D. cerasi (Pers.) DeN. D. fraxini (Schw.) Rehm E. raveneli Hoehn. G. urceolus (A. & S.) Karst. G. quernea (Schw.) D. & C. M. bambusicola Henn. M. gigantea (B. & C.) Sacc. W. gigantea B. & C. W. leporina (Batsch) Boud. P. denigrata Syd. P. aceris (Hazsl.) Sacc. P. rubi (Bauml.) Sacc. & Syd. P. lachnoides (Rehm) Syd. S. stellata Clem. BULGARIACEAE 313 Stilbopeziza Speg. An. Mtis. Nac. 3:10:131 1909. Tryblidiella Sacc. Syll. Funp. 2:757 1883. Hysteropatella Rchm. Rabh. Krypt. Fl. 3:367 1896. Rhytidhysterium Spcp. Funp. Arg. 4:191 1892; Syll. Fung. 2:759 1883. Rhytidopeziza Speg. Fung. Guar. 1:138 1886; Syll. Fung. 10:65 1891. Tympanis Tode Fung. Meek. 1:23 1790. Biatorellina Henn. Hedwigia Beibl. 42: (307), ill. 1903. Urnula Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 364 1849. Podophacidium Niessl Vcrh. Nat. Ver. Briinn 10:63, ill. 1872; Rehm. Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:999 1896; Syll. Fung. 8:550 1889. S. T. H. R. R. T. B. U. yerbae Speg. rufula (Spreng.) Sacc. prosti (Duby) Rehm brasiliense Speg. balansae Speg. conspersa Fr. buchsi Henn. craterium (Schw.) Fr. P. terrestre Niessl BULGARIACEAE Agyrina Kcissl. Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien 39:199 1925; Rabh. Krypt. Fl. 8:57 1930. Agyrina Clem. Gen. Fung. 67, 173 1909; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:636 1889, as subg. Agyriopsis Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 14:805 1899. Agyrium Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:231 1822. Ahlesia Fkl. Symb. Myc. 281 1869; Syll. Fung. 9:946 1891. Bulgaria Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:166 1822. Bulgariella Karst. Rev. Mon. 139 1885; Syll. Fung. 8:638 1889. Voeltzknowiella Henn. Voeltz. Rcise Ostafr. 3:31, ill. 1908. Bulgariastrum Syd. Pliil. Jour. Sci. 8:497, ill. 1913. Calloria Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 3.^9 1849. Calloriella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 127:345 1918. Didymocoryne Sacc. & Trotter Syll. Fung. 22:730 1913. Coryne Tul Sel. Fung. Carp. 3:190 1865. Calloriopsis Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:254 1917. Harknessiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:845 1889. Dictyonia Syd. Ann. Myc. 2:549 1904. Rehmiomyces Henn. Hedwigia 43:270, ill. 1904; not Sacc. & Syd. 1902. Gloeopeziza Zukal Flora 74:100, ill. 1891. Haematomyces B. & Br. Fung. Ceylon 963 1870. Haematomyxa Sacc. Cons p. Gen. Disc. 11 1884. Holwaya Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:646 1889. Claussenomyces Kirschst. Vcrh. Bot. Bran- denb. 65:122 1923. Crinula (Fr.) Sacc. Syll. Fung, 8:606 1889. A. crozalsi Keissl. A. sexdecimspora (Fkl.) Clem. A. A. A. B. B. B. C. betheli (E. & E.) S. & S. rufum (Pers.) Fr. lichenicola Fkl. inquinans (Pers.) Fr. pulla (Fr.) Karst. madagascarensis Henn. caespitosum Syd. fusarioides (Berk.) Fr. C. umbrinella (Desm.) Hoehn. D. striata (E. & E.) S. & S. C. sarcoides (Jacq.) Tul. C. gelatinosa (E. & M.) Syd. H. purpurea (P. & H.) Sacc. D. pouroumae (Henn.) Syd. R. pouroumae Henn. G. rehmi Zukal H. spadiceus B. & Br. H. vinosa (C. & E.) Sacc. H. ophiobolus (Ell.) Sacc. C. jahnianus Kirschst. C. mucida (Schulz.) Sacc. 314 PEZIZALES Myridium Clem. Gen. Fung. 67, 174 1909. Ombrophila Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 357 1849. Bulgariopsis Henn. Syll. Fung. 18:135 1906. Neobulgaria Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:44 1921. Stamnaria Fkl. Symb. Myc. 309 1869; Syll. Fung. 8:620. Ophiogloea Clem. Bull. Torr. Club 30:86 1903. Orbilia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 357 1849. Hyalinia Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:114 1885. Orbiliopsis Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:308, ill. 1924; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:139 as subgenus. Pteromyces B. R. S. Ann. Myc. 3:507 1905; Syll. Fung. 22:725 1913. Orthoscypha Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:100 1927. Paryphedria Zukal Flora 74:92, ill. 1891. Physmatomyces Rehm. Hedwigia 39:216 1900; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 455 1909. Pulparia Karst. Myc. Fenn. 1:9 1871. Sarcomyces Massee Jour. Myc. 6:178, ill. 1891. Sarcosoma Caspary in litt. Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 1:3:497, ill. 1891. Burkardia Schmidel Anal. Plant. 3:261, ill. 1797. Gloeocalyx Massee Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 1901:155. Sorokinia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:42 1892. M. myriosporum (P. & H.) Clem. O. violacea (Hedw.) Fr. B. moellerianus Henn. N. pura Petr. S. equiseti (Hoffm.) Sacc. O. O. H. P. O. P. P. P. S. B. G. S. linospora Clem, leucostigma Fr. crystallina (Quel.) Boud. coleosporodes (Sacc.) Syd. ambiguus B. R. S. concinna Syd. heimerli Zukal melioloides Rehm arctica Karst. vinosus Massee globosum (Schmid.) Casp. globosa Schmid. bakeri Massee microspora (Berk.) Sacc. PATELLARIACEAE Abrothallus DeNot. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2:192 1846. Actinoscypha Karst. Symb. Myc. 23:5 1887. Bactrospora Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 133, ill. 1852. Baggea Auersw. Hedwigia 5:1 1866. Biatorella DeNot. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 1 :192 1846. Tromera Mass. Flora 41:507 1858. Durella Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp. 3:177 1865. Leptopeziza Rostrup Medd. Groenl. 5:542 1888; Syll. Fung. 22:758 1913; 8:794. Epilichen Clem. Gen. Fung. 69, 174 1909. Johansonia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:785 1889. Karschia Koerb. Parerg. Lich. 459 1865. Catinella Boud. Hist. Disc. Eur. 150 1907. Lagerheimia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:55 1892. Lahmia Koerb. Parerg. Lich. 281 1865. Leciographa Mass. Genera 14 1854. Lecioglyphis Clem. Gen. Fung. 70, 174 1909. Melaspilea Nyl. Prod. Lich. 170 1857. Mycobacidia Rehm. Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:337 1896. A. parmeliarum (Somm.) Nyl. A. graminis Karst. B. dryina (Ach.) Mass. B. pachyasca Auersw. B. pinicola (Mass.) Th. Fr. T. xanthostigma Mass. D. compressa (Pers.) Tul. L. groenlandica Rostr. E. scabrosus (Ach.) Clem. J. setosa (Wint.) Sacc. K. lignyota (Fr.) Sacc. C. olivacea (Batsch) Boud. L. sphaerospora (B. & C.) Sacc. L. kunzei (Fw.) Koerb. L. zwackhi Mass. L. centrifuga (Mass.) Clem. M. arthonioides (Fee) Nyl. M. flavovirescens (Dicks.) Rehm Mycobilimbia Rehm. Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:327 1896. Mycolecidea Karst. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 24:1290 1928. Mycolecis Clem. Gen. Fung. 70, 174 1909. Nesolechia Mass. Misc. Lich. 13 1856. Discocera Smith & Rams. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 6:48 1917. Pachypatella Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:228 1915. Parathalle Clem. Gen. Fung. 70, 174 1909. Patellaria Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 366 1849 CALICIACEAE 315 M. obscurata (Somm.) Rehm M. lecideina Rehm M. lecideina (Rehm) Clem. N. oxyspora (Tul.) Mass. D. lichenicola S. & R. P. alsophilae (Rac.) T. & S. P. fuistingi (Koerb.) Clem. P. atrata (Hedw.) Fr. Lecanidion Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:342 1896. L. atratum (Hedw.) Rabh. P. sanguinea (Pers.) Rehm P. sanguineo-atra (Rehm) Sacc. O. parvulum Syd. P. P. P. P. P. S. flexella (Ach.) Th. Fr. harperi Rehm arsenii Vouaux vermifera (Leight.) Clem. bacillifera (Karst.) Rehm reducta Karst. Patellea Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:149 1823. Patinella Sacc. Grevillea 4:22 1875. Odontoschizum Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:568 1914. Placographa Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. 339 1861; Rehm Ascom. 313, 1896, as subg. Pleopatella Rehm. Ann. Myc. 6:314 1908. Pleoscutula Vouaux Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 29:434 1913. Pleospilis Clem. Gen. Fung. 69, 174 1909. Pragmopara (Mass.) Rehm Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3 :340 1896. Scutularia Karst. Rev. 153 1885. Pseudotryblidium Rehm. Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:370 1896. Psilothecium Clem. Bull. Torn Club 30:85 1903. Ravenelula Speg. Fung. Arg. 4:229 1882. Rhymbocarpus Zopf. Nov. Act. 70:128, ill. 1897. ScutulaTul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:17:118, ill. 1852. S. wallrothi Tul. Starbaeckia Rehm Bih. Sven. Vet. Handl. 16:11, ill. 1890. Tryblidaria Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:805 1889, as subg.; 14:33 1899; Rehm Ann. Myc. 2:525 1904. Woodiella Sacc. & Syd. Hedwigia Beibl. 38: (133) 1899. P. neesi (Fw.) Rehm P. incurvum Clem. R. gainesvillensis Speg. R. punctiformis Zopf S. wallrothi Tul. S. pseudotryblis Rehm T. fenestrata (C. & E.) Rehm W. natalensis S. & S. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Benguetia Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:152, ill. 1917. B. omphalodes Syd. Robertomyces Starb. Ark. Bot. 5:5, ill. 1905. R. mirabilis Starb. CALICIACEAE Acolium Ach. Lich. Univ. 232 1810; cf. DeN. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2:10 1846. Acroscyphus Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:5:262 1846. Calicium (Pcrs.) DeN. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2:309 1846. A. sessile (Pers.) Ach. A. sphaerophoroides Lev. C. hyperellum (Ach.) Pers. 316 PEZIZALES Protocalicium Woronich. 21:103 1927. r roc. rhi Trudy Bot. Akad. Soc. Glasgow Calycidium Stirt. 10:292 1877. Carlosia Samp. Not. (onp;. Salani. 1 1923. Chaenotheca lli. Fr. Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. 3:3:3.S0 l«6l. Coniocybe Ach. Vet. Akad. Handl. 286 1816. Cyphelium (Ach.) Th. Fr. Oefv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 263 1815. Ditylis Clem. Gen. F\inp. 71, 174 1909. Eucyphelis Clem. Gen. Fung. 71, 174 1909. Farriola Norm. Oefv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 41 :34 1884. Holocyphis Clem. Gen. Fung. 71, 174 1909. Mycocalicium Wain. Act. Soc. Fenn. 7:181 1890. Pleurocybe Miill. Arg. Flora 67:613 1884. Pseudacolium Stzbgr. Ber. St. Gall. Ges. 1861:177 1862. Pyrgidium Nyl. Flora 50:3 1867. Pyrgillus Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1:68 1860. Roesleria Thuem. & Pass. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:826 1889. Schistophorum Stirt. Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. 4:165 1876. Sphaerophorus Pers. Neue Ann. Bot. 23 1794. Sphinctrina Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 120 1825. Sphinctrinopsis Woronich. Trudy Bot. Akad. 21:103 1927. Stenocybe Nyl. Bot. Notis. 84 1854. Tholurna Norm. Flora 44:409 1861. Tylophorella Wain. Etud. Lich. Brcs. 2:174 1890. Tylophorum Nyl. Bot. Zeit. 20:279 1862. P. jaczevski Woron. C. cuneatum Stirt. C. lusitanica Samp. C. trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr. C. furfuracea Ach. C. tigillare (Pers.) Fr. D. moderata (Nyl.) Clem. E. acicularis (Smith) Clem. F. distans Norm. H. bolanderi (Tuck.) Clem. M. parietinum (Ach.) Wain. P. madagascarea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. P. notarisi (Tul.) Stzbgr. P. bengalense (Krph.) Nyl. P. americanus Nyl. R. hyalinella (Nyl.) Sacc. S. tenue Stirt. S. coralloides Pers. S. turbinata (Pers.) Fr. S. pertusariae Woron. S. major Nyl. T, dissimilis Norm. T. polyspora Wain. T. protrudens Nyl. Mont. Ann. CHRYSOTRICHACEAE Sci. Nat. 3:18:312 Nees Fl. Phys. Berol. 120 Chrysothrix 1852. Coenogonium Ehrb. 1820. Crocynia Mass. Att. 1st. Venet. 3:5:251 1860 Holocoenis Clem. Gen. Fung. 72, 174. 1909. Racodium Pers. Tent. Disp. 76 1797. C. nolitangere Mont. C. linki Ehrb. C. gossypina (Sw.) Nyl. H. leprieuri (Mont.) Clem. R. rupestre Pers. COLLEMACEAE Anema Nyl. Flora 62:353 1879. Arctomia Th. Fr. Nov. Act. Sci. Upsal. 3:3:387 1861. Collema (Wigg.) Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:171 1906. CoUemis Clem.; Collema phragmosporum. Collemodes Fink Mycologia 10:236 1918. CoUemopsidium Nyl. Flora 66:6 1881. A. decipiens (Mass.) Forss. A. delicatula Th. Fr. C. pulposum (Bernh.) Ach. C. rupestris (L.) Clem. C. bachmannianum Fink C. iocarpum Nyl. COLLEMACEAE 317 Cryptothele Th. Fr. Bot. Notis. 59 1866. Dicollema Clem. Gen. Fung. 74, 174 1909. Ephebe Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1 :256 1825. Ephebeia Nyl. Flora 58:6 1875. Forssellia Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:161 1906. Gonohymenia Stnr. Verb. z-b. Ges Wien 52:484 1902. Gyrocollema Wain. Mycologia 21 :36 1929. Homopsella Nyl. Flora 70:129 1887. Hormothecium Mass. Ale. Gen. Lich. 7 1855. Jenmania Wacht. Flora 74:349 1897. Koerberia Mass. Gen. Lich. 51 1854. Leciophysma Th. Fr. Bot. Notis. 102 1865. Lecopyrenopsis Wain. Hedwigia 46:172 1907; for Lecidopyrenopsis. Lemmopsis Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:171 1906. Lempholemma (Koerb.) Zahlbr. Cat. Lich. Univ. 3:12 1924. Leprocollema Wain. Etud. Lich. Bres. 1 :232 1890. Leptogidium Nyl. Flora 56:195 1873. Leptogiopsis Mi.ill. Arg. Flora 65:291 1882. Leptogium Gray Nat. Arrang. Brit. PI. 1:400 1821. Lichinodium Nyl. Flora 58:297 1875. Paulia Fee Linnaea 10:471 1846. Peccania (Mass.) Forss. Nov. Act. Sci. Upsal. 3:13:40 1885. Petractis Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 1:120 1846. Phloeopeccania Stnr. Denks. Akad. Wien 71:93 1902. Phylliscidium Forss. Nov. Act. Sci. Upsal. 3:13:38 1885. Phylliscum Nyl. Mass. Gen. Lich. 7 1854. Physma Mass. Gen. Lich. 6 1854. Pleoconis Clem. Gen. Fung, li, 174 1909. Pleopyrenis Clem. Gen. Fung. 72, 174 1909. Polychidium (Mass.) Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:150 1906, Porocyphus Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 425 1855. Psorotichia (Mass.) Forss. Nov. Act. Sci. Upsal. 3:13:39 1885. Pterygiopsis Wain. Etud. Lich. Bres. 1:288 1890. Pterygium Nyl. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 1:328 1854. Pyrenopsidium Forss. Nov. Act. Sci. Upsal. 3:13:39 1885. Pyrenopsis Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1:67 1858. Ramalodium Nyl. Jour. Linn. Soc. 17:392 1880. C. promiscens (Nyl.) Th. Fr. D. pycnocarpum (Nyl.) Clem. E. lanata (L.) Wain. E. hispidula (Ach.) Nyl. F. afifinis (Mass.) Zahlbr. G. algerica Stnr. G. scyphuliferum Wain. H. aggregatula Nyl. H. opulentum Mont. J. goebeli Wacht. K. biformis Mass. L. finmarkicum Th. Fr. L. corticola Wain. L. arnoldiana (Hepp) Zahlbr. L. chalazanum (Ach.) Arn. L. americanum Wain. L. byssoides (Carr.) Zahlbr. L. reticulata (Mont.) M. A. L. lacerum (Sw.) Gray L. sirosiphodes Nyl. P. pullata Fee P. corallinoides Mass. P. clausa (Hoffm.) Arn. P. pulvinula Stnr. P. monophyllum (Krph.) Forss. P. demangeoni (M. & M.) Nyl. P. byrsinum (Ach.) M. A. P. kansana (Tuck.) Clem. P. picina (Nyl.) Clem. P. muscicolum (Sm.) Gray P. coccodes (Fr.) Koerb. P. montini (Mass.) Forss. P. atra Wain. P. subradiatum (Nyl.) Forss. P. granuliforme (Nyl.) Forss. P. foederata Nyl. R. succulentum (R. Br.) Nyl. 318 PEZIZALES Spilonema Born. Mem. Soc. Cherbourg 4:226 1856. Steinera Zahlbr. Deut. Siidpol-Exped. 7:41 1906. Synalissa Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1:297 1825. Thermutis Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1 :392 1825. Thyrea Mass. Flora 39:210 1856. Trichobacidia Wain. Ann. Akad. Fenn. A:15:32 1921. Zahlbrucknerella Herre. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2:384 1912. S. paradoxum Born. S. molybdoplaca (Nyl.) Zahlbr. S. ramulosa (Hoffm.) Fr, T. velutina (Ach.) Th. Fr. T. plectospora Mass. T. robinsoni Wain. Z. calcarea Herre PELTIGERACEAE Actinoplaca Mull. Arg. Bull. Soc. Belg. 30:56 1891. A. Arthotheliopsis Wain. Jour. Bot. 34:206 1896. A. Asterothyrium Miill. Arg. Lich. Epi. Nov. 12 1890. Byssolecania Wain. Ann. Akad. Fenn. A:15:167 1921. Calenia Mull. Arg. Lich. Epi. Nov. 3 1890. Gonolecania Zahlbr. Cat. Lich. Univ. 2:681 1923. Gonothecis Clem. Gen. Fung. 75,174 1909. Heppia Naeg. Hepp. Flecht. Eur. n. 49 1853. Neoheppia Zahlbr. Denks. Akad. Wien 83:144 1909. Latzelia Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:175 1926. Lopadiopsis Wain. Jour. Bot. 34:205 1896. Nephroma Ach. Lich. Univ. 101 1810. Nephromium Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1:318 1860. Peltidea Nyl. Act. Soc. Fenn. 7:594 1863. Chloropeltis Clem. Gen. Fung. 75,174 1909. Peltigera Pers. Neue Ann. Bot. 1:21 1794. Phlegmophiale Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:142 1926. Pseudoheppia Zahlbr. Ann. Myc. 1 :356 1903. Solorina Ach. Vet. Akad. Handl. 228 1808. Solorinella Anzi Cat. Lich. Sondr. Zl 1860. Sporopodium Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:16:54 1851. Tapellaria Miill. Arg. Lich. Epi. Nov. 11 1890. Tricharia (Fee) Wain. Ann. Acad. Fenn. A:15:159 1921. strigulacea Mull. Arg. hymenocarpis Wain. A. monosporum Miill. Arg. B. C. G. G. H. N. L. L. N. N. P. C. P. P. P. S. s. s. fuscolivida Wain, pulchella Miill. Arg. hymenocarpa (Wain.) Zahlbr. phyllocharis (Mont.) Clem, virescens (Despr.) Nyl. brasiliensis Zahlbr. terrenea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. coffeae (Miill. Arg.) Wain, arcticum (L.) Fr. resupinatum (L.) Fw. aphthosa (L.) Nyl. aphthosa (L.) Clem, canina (L.) Hoffm. epidendri (Rehm) Zahlbr. schuleri Zahlbr. saccata (L.) Ach. asteriscus Anzi filicinum (Miill. Arg.) Zahlbr. heterospora Miill. Arg. melanothrix Fee LECIDEACEAE Agyrophora Nyl. Flora 61 :247 1878. A. haplocarpa Nyl. Merophora Clem. Gen. Fung. 11, 174 1909. M. haplocarpa (Nyl.) Clem. Amphischizonia Mont. Syll. Gen. Crypt. 331 1856. A. holleana (M. & B.) Zahlbr. LECIDEACEAE 319 Arthoniactis Wain. Cat. Welw. Afr. Tl. 2:430 1901. A. Asteristium Leight. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27:163 1869. A. Bacidia Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1 :1 :135 1905. B. Biatora (Fr.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 192 1855. B. Biatorella Th. Fr. Nov. Act. Sci. Upsal. 3:3:299 1861. B. Biatorina Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 134 1852. B. Byssoloma Trev. Spig. Pagl. 6 1853. B. Catillaria (Mass.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scan. 1:563 1874. C. Catinaria Wain. Act. Soc. Fenn. 53:143 1922. C. Catocarpus Arn. Flora 55:147 1871. C. Diphaeis Clem. Gen. Fung. 11, 174 1909. D. Charcotia Hue Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 62:16 1915. C. Dermatiscum Nyl. Bot. Zeit. 25:133 1867. D. Diphanis Clem. Gen. Fung. 11, 174 1909. D. Gyrophora Ach. Meth. Lich. 100 1803. G. Lecanactis Eschw. Syst. Lich. 14 1824. L. Lecidea (Ach.) Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:130 1905. L. Lopadium Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 210 1855. L. Megalospora Mey. & Fw. Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. 19:228 1840. M. Melampydium Stirt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 14:471 1875. M. Mycoblastus Norm. Nyt. Mag. Nat. 7:24 1853. M. Orphniospora Koerb. Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:195 1926. O. Phalodictyum Clem. Gen. Fung. 77,174 1909. P. Phyllopsora Miill. Arg. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:11 1894. P. Pleolecis Clem. Gen. Fung. 76,174 1909. P. Pseudolecanactis Zahlbr. Denks. Akad. Wien 81 :242 1907. P. Psora Hall. Hist. Stirp. Helv. 93 1798. P. Psorella Mull. Arg. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:11 1894. P. Psoromaria Nyi. Lich. Nov. Zcl. 54 1888. P. Rhizocarpum (Ram.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scan. 1:611 1874. R. Schismatomma Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 55 1852. S. Scolecactis Clem. Gen. Fung. 76,174 1909. S. Scoliciosporum Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 104 1852. S. Sphaerophoropsis Wain. Etud. Lich. Bres. 2:7 1890. S. Thalloedema Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 95 1852. T. Diphloeis Clem. Gen. Fung. 76,174 1909. D. ostrearum Wain. erumpens Leight. rosella (Pers.) DeN. vernalis (L.) Ach. fossarum (Duf.) Th. Fr. ehrhartiana (Ach.) Th. Fr. tricholomum (Mont.) Zahlbr. grossa (Pers.) Blomb. leucophaea (DC.) Zahlbr. badiater (Flk.) Th. Fr. badiatra (Flk.) Clem. rufidula Hue thunbergi (Ach.) Nyl. polycarpa (Hepp) Clem, vellea (L.) Ach. abietina (Ach.) Koerb. enteroleuca Ach. pezizoideum (Ach.) Koerb. sulphurata M. & F. metabolum (Nyl.) Miill. Arg. sanguinarius (L.) Th. Fr. groenlandica Koerb. obscuratum (Ach.) Clem. breviuscula (Nyl.) M. A. geophana (Nyl.) Clem, filicicola Zahlbr. decipiens (Ehrh.) Ach. pannarioides (Kn.) M. A. subdescendens Nyl. geographicum (L.) DC. abietinum (Ehrh.) Koerb. myriadea (Fee) Clem. umbrinum (Ach.) Mass. stereocaulis Wain, candidum (Web.) Th. Fr. Candida (Web.) Clem. 320 PEZIZALES Toninia (Mass.) Th. Fr. I.ich. Scan. 1:320 1874. T. squarrosa (Ach.) Th. Fr. Umbilicaria Ach. Vet. Akad. Handl. 15:255 1794. U. pustulata (L.) Hoffm. CLADONIACEAE Argopsis Th. Fr. Nov. Act. Sci. Upsal. 3:2:325 1858. A. megalospora Th. Fr. Baeomyces Pers. Neue Ann. Bot. 19 1794. B. byssoides (L.) Schwer. Chlorocaulum Clem. Gen. Fung. 78,175 1909. C. salazinum (Bory) Clem. Cladonia (Hill) Wain. Mon. Cladon. 5 1887. C. rangiferina (L.) Web. Cyanobaeis Clem. Gen. Fung. 78,175 1909. C. paeminosa (Krph.) Clem. Dibaeis Clem. Gen. Fung. 78,175 1909. D. rosea (Pers.) Clem. Glossodium Nyl. Mem. See. Cherbourg 3:169 1855. G. aversum Nyl. Gomphillus Nyl. Mem. Soc. Cherbourg 3:186 1855. G. calicioides (Del.) Nyl. Gymnoderma Nyl. Syn. Lich. 2:27 1863. G. coccocarpum Nyl. Heteromyces Mull. Arg. Flora 72:505 1889. H. rubescens Mull. Arg. Lachnocaulum Wain. Etud. Lich. Bres. 1 :67 1890. L. colensoi (Bab.) Wain. Pilophorum Th. Fr. Ster. Philoph. Comm. 40 1857. P. robustum Th. Fr, Stereocaulum Schreb. Gen. PI. 2:768 1796. S. paschale (L.) Ach. Thysanothecium Berk. Sc Mont. Lond. Jour. Bot. 5:257 1846. T. hookeri B. & M. PARMELIACEAE Lecanorae Adermatis Clem. Gen. Fung. 79,175 1909. A. nylanderiana (Mass.) Clem. Calenia Miill. Arg. Lich. Epi. Nov. 3 1890. C. pulchella Miill. Arg. Candelariella Miill. Arg. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:11 1894. C. cerinella (Flk.) Zahlbr. Conotrema Tuck. Proc. Am. Acad. Art. Sci. 1:199 1848. C. urceolatum (Ach.) Tuck. Diploschistes Norm. Nyt. Mag. Nat. 7:232 1853. D. scruposus (L.) Norm. Dyslecanis Clem. Gen. Fung. 79,175 1909. D. syringea (Ach.) Clem. Haematomma Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 32 1852. H. ventosum (L.) Mass. Harpidium Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 157 1855. H. rutilans (Fw.) Koerb. Icmadophila Trev. Riv. Accad. Padova 267 1851. I. ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. Lecania (Mass.) Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:204 1907. L. cyrtella (Ach.) Oliv. Lecanora (Ach.) Th. Fr. Nov. Act. Sci. Upsal. 3:3:199 1861. L. subfusca (L.) Ach. Myriolecis Clem. Gen. Fung. 79,175 1909. M. sambuci (Pers.) Clem. Myxodictyum Mass. Att. 1st. Venet. 3:5:254 1860. M. chrysostictum (Tayl.) Mass. Ochrolechia Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 30 1852. O. tartarea (L.) Mass. Phlyctella Krph. Verh. z-b. Gcs. Wicn 26:462 1876. P. brasiliana (Nyl.) Zahlbr. PARMELIACEAE 321 Phlyctidia Miill. Arg. Hedwigia 34:141 1895. P. ludoviciensis Miill. Arg. Phlyctis Fw. Bot. Zeit. 8:571 1850. P. agelaea (Ach.) Koerb. Psoroma Nyl. Mem. Soc. Cherbourg. 3:175 1855. P. hypnorum (Dicks.) Hoffm. Solenopsora Mass. Framm. Lich. 20 1855. S. candicans (Fr.) Zahlbr. Pertusariae Perforaria Miill Arg. Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 23:126 1891. P. cucurbitula (Mont.) M. A. Pertusaria DC. Flor. Fr. ed. 3 2:319 1805. P. bryontha (Ach.) Nyl. Varicellaria Nyl. Lich. Scan. 162 1861. V. rhodocarpa (Koerb.) Th. Fr. Acarosporae Acarospora Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 27 1852. A. glaucocarpa (Wahlb.) Koerb. Glypholecia Nyl. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:20:317 1863. G. scabra (Pers.) Th. Fr. Maronea Mass. Flora 39:291 1856. M. constans (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Pleochroma Clem. Gen. Fung. 80,175 1909. P. vitellinum (Ehrh.) Clem. Gyalectae Bryophagus Nke. Flora 45:58 1862. B. leucaspis (Krph.) Nke. Diplopeltopsis Hoehn. Bub. & Kab. Fung. Imp. Exs. n. 76 1904; for Diplopeltis Henn. 41:146 1902. D. zimmermanniana Henn. Gyalecta (Ach.) Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:125 1905. G. cupularis (Ehrh.) Fr. Gyrostomum Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1:268 1825. G. scyphuliferum (Ach.) Fr. Jonaspis Th. Fr. Lich. Scan. 1:273 1871. J. chrysophana (Kbr.) Stein Lecaniopsis Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:147 1926. L. perminuta (Wain.) Zahlbr. Leptotrema Mont. & Bosch. Plant. Jungh. 4:483 1855. L. leiospodium (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Microphiale Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:25 1905. M. lutea (Dicks.) Stnr. Ocellularia (Mey.) Miill. Arg. Mem. Soc. Geneve 29:5 1887. O. berkleyana (Mont.) Zahlbr. Pachyphiale Lonnr. Flora 41:611 1858. P. fagicola (Hepp.) Zwackh Phaeotrema Miill. Arg. Mem. Soc. Geneve 29:10 1887. P. subfarinosum (Fee) M. A. Phanotylium Clem. Gen. Fung. 81.175 1909. P. australiense (Mull. Arg.) Clem. Phyllobrassia Wain. Ann. Acad. Fenn. A:15:173 1921. P. mirifica (Krph.) Wain. Phyllophthalmaria Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:120 1905. P. zamiae (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr. Polystroma Clemente. Ensay. 299 1807. P. ferdinandezi Clemente Ramonia Stzbgr. Ber. St. Gall. Ges. 168 1862. R. valenzuelana (Mont.) Stzbgr. Sagiolechia Mass. Gen. Lich. 11 18.54. S. protuberans (Ach.) Mass. Semigyalecta Wain. Ann. Acad. Fenn. A:15:153 1921. S. paradoxa Wain. Thelotrema (Ach.) Miill. Arg. Mem. Soc. Geneve 29:10 1887. T. lepadinum Ach. Tremotylium Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. 2:2:513 1868. T. occultum Stirt. 322 PEZIZALES Stictae Cystolobis Clem. Gen. Fung. 81,175 1909. Diphaeosticta Clem. Gen. Fung. 81,175 1909. Diphanosticta Clem. Gen. Fung. 81,175 1909. Dysticta Clem. Gen. Fung. 81,175 1909. Lobaria (Schreb.) Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:185 1906. Phanosticta Clem. Gen. Fung. 81,175 1909. Sticta Schreb. Gen. PI. 768 1791. C. leucocarpa (Mull. Arg.) Clem. D. physciospora (Nyl.) Clem. D. cellulifera (H. & T.) Clem. D. sinuosa (Pers.) Clem. L. pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. P. freycineti (Del.) Clem. S. aurata Ach. Parmeliae Anzia Stzbgr. Flora 44:390 1861. Candelaria Mass. Flora 35:567 1852. Cetraria Ach. Meth. Lich. 292 1803. Heterodea Nyl. Bull. See. Linn. Norm. 2:2:47 1868. Megalopsora Wain. Ann. Acad. Fenn. A:15:27 1921. Nephromopsis Mull. Arg. Flora 74:374 1891. Parmelia (Ach.) DeN. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2:189 1847. Parmeliopsis Nyl. Syn. Lich. 2:53 1863. Pseudoparmelia Lynge Ark. Bot. 13:15 1913. Physcidia Tuck. Proc. Am. Acad. Art. Sci. 5:399 1862. Usneae Alectoria Ach. Lich. Univ. 120 1810. Bryopogon Link Grund. Kriiuterk. 3:164 1833. Dactylina Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1:286 1860. Dufourea Ach. Lich. Univ. 103 1810. Endocena Cromb. Jour. Linn. Soc. 15:226 1876. Evernia Ach. Lich. Univ. 84 1810. Everniopsis Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1:374 1860. Letharia Zahlbr. Hedwigia 31:34 1892. Oropogon Th. Fr. Gen. Heterolich. 49 1861. Ramalina Ach. Lich. Univ. 122 1810. Siphula Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1:238 1825. Thamnolia Ach. Schaer. Enum. Crit. Lich. Eur. 243 1850. Usnea Wigg. Prim. Flor. Holsat. 90 1780. A. colpodes (Michx.) C. concolor (Dicks.) Wain. C. islandica (L.) Ach. H. muelleri (Hpe.) Nyl. M. cylindrophora (Tayl.) Wain. N. ciliaris (Ach.) Hue P. conspersa (Ehrh.) Ach. P. ambigua (Ach.) Nyl. P. cyphellata Lynge P. wrighti (Tuck.) Nyl. A. sarmentosa Ach. B. jubata (L.) Nyl. D. arctica (Hook.) Nyl. D. madreporiformis (Wulf.) Ach. E. informis Cromb. E. prunastri (L.) Ach. E. truUa (Ach.) Nyl. L. vulpina (L.) Wain. O. loxensis (Fee) Th. Fr. R. calicaris (L.) Fr. S. ceratites (Wahlb.) Fr. T. vermicularis (Sw.) Ach. U. florida (L.) Hoffm. Dystictina Clem. Gen. Fung. 81,175 Lobarina Nyl. Flora 60:233 1877. Merostictina Clem. Gen. Fung. 81,175 Phycodiscis Clem. Podostictina Clem. Stictinae 1909. Gen. Fung. 83,175 Gen. Fung. 82,175 Stictina Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1 :333 1860. 1909. 1909. 1909. D. tomentosa (Sw.) Clem. L. scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. M. mougeotiana (Del.) Clem. P. retigera (Bory) Clem. P. endochrysoides (Miill. Arg.) Clem. S. crocata (Ach.) Nyl. PHYSCIACEAE 323 Pannariae Coccocarpia Pens. Goudich. Voy. Uran. Bot. 206 1824. C. pellita (Ach.) M, A, Erioderma Fee Essai Crypt. 146 1824. E. polycarpum Fee Hueella Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:180 1926. H. fauri (Hue) Zahlbr. Hydrothyria Russ. Proc. Essex Inst. 1:188 1853. H. venosa Russ. Lepidocollema Wain. Etud. Lich. Bres. 1:231 1890. L. carassense Wain. Lepidogium A. L. Smith Jour. Linn. Soc. 46:79 1922; for Lepidoleptogium. L. montagnei Smith Massalongia Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 109 1855. M. carnosa (Dicks.) Koerb. Pannaria Del. Bory Diet. Hist. Nat. 13:20 1828. P- pezizoides (Web.) Lightf. Parmeliella Miill. Arg. Mem. Soc. Geneve 16:376 1862. P. triptophylla (Ach.) M. A. Placynthium Gray Nat. Arrang. Brit. PI. 1:395 1821. P. nigrum (Huds.) Gray PHYSCIACEAE Anaptychia Koerb. Mass. Mem. Lich. 33 1853. A. ciliaris (L.) Mass. Blastenia Mass. Att. 1st. Venet. 2:3:101 1852. B. ferruginea (Huds.) Am. Bombyhospora DeN. Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 114 1852. B. domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr. Buellia DeN. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 1:195 1846. B. parasema (Ach.) Th. Fr. Caloplaca Th. Fr. Lich. Scan. 1:167 1871. C. 'aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. Dictyorinis Clem. Gen. Fung. 84,175 1909. D. diplinthia (Nyl.) Clem. Diplotomma Th. Fr. Lich. Scan. 1:607 1874. D. atralba (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. Dirinaria Tuck. Proc. Am. Acad. Art. Sci. 12:166 1877. D. picta (Sw.) Hyperphyscia Miill. Arg. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:10 1894. H. synthalea (Kn.) Lethariopsis Zahlbr. Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:253 1926. L. wandelensis (Hue) Zahlbr. Meroplacis Clem. Gen. Fung. 84,175 1909. M. brebissoni (Fee) Clem. Merorinis Clem. Gen. Fung. 84.175 1909. M. conradi (Koerb.) Clem. Niorma Mass. Mem. 1st. Yen. 10:83 1861. N. hypoglauca (Nyl.) Phragmopyxine Clem. Gen. Fung. 84,175 1909. P. eschweileri (Tuck.) Clem. Physcia (Ach.) Wain. Etud. Lich. Bres. 1:138 1890. P. stellaris (L.) Nyl. Pleorinis Clem. Gen. Fung. 84, 175 1909. P. polyspora (Th. Fr.) Clem. Protoblastenia Stnr. Verb. z-b. Ges. Wien 61:47 1911. P. rupestris (Scop.) Zahlbr. Pyxine Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1:267 1825. P. cocoes (Sw.) Nyl. Rinodina (Gray) Mass. Ric. Aut. Lich. 14 1852. R. sophodes (Ach.) Th. Fr. Theloschistes Norm. Nyt. Mag. Nat. 7:228 1853. T. chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. Xanthocarpia Mass. & DeN. Ale. Gen. Lich. 11 1853. X. ochracea (Schaer.) M. & DeN. Xanthoria Th. Fr. Nov. Act. Sei. Upsal. 3:3:166 1861. X. parietina (L.) Th. Fr. 324 PEZIZALES Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Cf. Zahlbruckner Nat. Pflanzenf. 8:136, 153, 160, 163, 172, 182, 201, 209, 220, 229, 238, 246, 261. 1926. MOLLISIACEAE Rabh. Krypt. Flor. Ann. Myc. 15:310, Beloniella (Sacc.) Rehm 3:638 1896. Belonopeziza Hoehn. 343 1917. Belonioscyphella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 127:589 1918. Belonidium Mont. & Dur. Flor. Alg., ill. 1846; Rehm Ascom. 561 1880. Manilaea Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:569 1914. Belonopsis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:351 1889; 16:752 1902. Bioscypha Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:102 1927. Ciliella Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 16:748 1902. Dibelonis Clem. Gen. Fung. 86, 175 1909. DictyomoUis Rehm. Ann. Myc. 7:540 1909; for DictyomolHsia. Calopeziza Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 8:499, ill. 1913; Syll. Fung. 24:1216 1928. Fabraea Sacc. Michelia 2:331 1881. Gonothecium Wainio Act. Soc. Fenn. 7:29 1890 as subgenus of Lecidea. Hyphodiscus Kirschst. Abh. Bot. Brandenb. 43:44, ill. 1906. Linhartia Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 16:744 1902; Jour. Myc. 10:213 1904. MoUisia Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:137 1822. Lemalis Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 360 1849; Syll. Fung. 3:672 1884; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 360 1923. MoUisiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:64 1906; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 528. Unguiculariopsis Rehm Ann. Myc. 7:400 1909. MoUisiopsis Rehm Ann. Myc. 6:315 1908. Neofabraea Jackson Rep. Oreg. Exp. Sta. 1911-12:187 1913. Niptera Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 359 1849. Angelinia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 358 1849; cf. Durand Jour. Myc. 8:108 1902; Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:150 1918. Calycellina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 127:601 1918. Perrotiella Naumov Trav. Bur. Myc. 26, ill. 1915. Pazschkea Rehm Rabh.-Pazsch. Fung. Eur. 4172. 1898. B. B. B. B. M. B. B. C. D. graminis (Desm.) Rehm graminis (Desm.) Hoehn, hypnorum (Syd.) Hoehn. lacustre (Fr.) Phill. bambusina Syd. excelsior (Karst.) Rehm cyatheae Syd. epidendri (Rehm) S. & S. vossi (Rehm) Clem. D. albigranulata Rehm C. F. H. L. M. L. M. U. M. N. N. mirabilis Syd. ranunculi (Fr.) Karst. glaucovirescens Wainio gregarius Kirschst. tropicalis (Rehm) S. & S. cinerea (Batsch) Karst. alismatis (Pers.) Fr. ilicincola (B. & Br.) Sacc. ilicincola (B. & Br.) Rehm subcinerea Rehm malicorticis (Cordley) Jack, ramealis Karst. rufescens (Schw.) Duby punctiformis (Grev.) Hoehn. uralensis Naumov lichenoides Rehm HELOTIACEAE 325 P. P. P. P. P. biseptata (Rehm) S. & S. miconiae Rehm veneta Sacc. & Speg. pulla Syd. trifolii (Biv.) Fkl. Psorotheciella Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 16:746 1902. Phaeofabraea Rehm Ann. Myc. 7:541 1909. Pirottaea Sacc. Michelia 1:424 1878. Protoscypha Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:402, ill. 192.T Pseudopeziza Fkl. Synib. Myc. 290 1869. Drepanopeziza (Klebahn) Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:323 1917. Phaeorhytisma Henn. & Nyni. Monsunia 1:29 1899; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:315 1917. Pseudorhytisma Juel Vet. Akad. Forh. 498, ill. 1894; cf. Rehm Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:1264 1896. Psorotheciopsis Rehm Hedvvigia 39:217 1900. P. decipiens Rehm Pyrenopezis Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 35:251 1917; for Pyrenopezizopsis. Pyrenopeziza Fkl. Symb. Myc. 293 1869. Excipula Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:190 1822; Syll. Fung. 3:664 1884; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 913 1915; not Sacc. et al. 1. c. Placopeziza Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 961 1916; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:334 1917. Spilopodia Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:120 1885. Spilopezis Clem. Gen. Fung. 85, 175 1909. Stictoclypeolum Rehm Hedwigia 44:9 1904. Strossmayera Schulz. Oest. Bot. Zeits. 31:314 1881. Tapesia Pers. Myc. Eur. 1 :220 1822. Trichobelonium Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:495 1889, as subg.; 16:747 1902. Velutaria Fkl. Symb. Myc. 400 1869. D. populorum (Desm.) Hoehn. P. lonicerae H. & N. P. bistortae (Lib.) Juel P. noppeneyana (Feltg.) Hoehn. P. rubi (Fr.) Rehm E. rubi Fr. P. phyteumatis (Fkl.) Hoehn. S. S. S. nervisequia (Pers.) Boud. radians (Rob.) Clem, decipiens Rehm S. racki Schulz. T. fusca (Pers.) Fkl, T. retincolum (Rabh.) Sacc. V. rufolivacea (A. & S.) Fkl. Genus Incertae Sedis Melittosporiopsis Rehm Hedwigia 39:90 1900; Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:359 1917. M. violacea Rehm HELOTIACEAE Symb. Myc. 303 1869. A. aurelia (Pers.) Fkl. Syll. Fung. 18:75 Arachnopeziza Fkl Arenaea Penz. & Sacc 1906. Belonioscypha Rehm Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:743 1896. Belonioscyphella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wicn 127:589 1918. Belonium Sacc. Consp. Gen. Disc. 7 1884. Leptobelonium Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 132:112 1924. Manilaea Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:569, ill. 1914; Syll. Fung. 24:1213 1928. Pseudohelotium Fkl. Symb. Myc. 298 1869. A. javanica P. & S. B. vexata (DeN.) Rehm B. hypnorum (Syd.) Hoehn. B. pineti (Batsch) Rehm L. basitrichum (Sacc.) Hoehn. M. bambusina Syd. P. pineti (Batsch) Fkl. 326 PEZIZALEb Belospora Clem. Gen. Fung. 87, 175 1909. Chlorosplenium Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 356 1849. C. Comesia Sacc. Consp. Gen. Disc. 6 1884. C. Cryptopezia Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 128:571 1919. C. Cyathicula DeNot. Conim. Critt. 1:381 1864. C. Dasyscypha Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:89 1822; Fkl. Symb. Myc. 304 1869. D. Microscypha Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:38 1919. M. Torrendiella Boud. & Torr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 27:133 1911. Dasyscyphella Transch. Hedwigia Beibl. 38:11 1899. D. Dasypezis Clem. Gen. Fung. 88, 175 1909. D. Chaetoscypha Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:305, ill. 1924. C. Davincia Penz. & Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:101 1906. D. Diplocarpa Massee Brit. Fung. Fl. 4:307 1895. D- Dyslachnum Clem. Gen. Fung. 87, 175 1909. D. Endoscypha Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:306, ill. 1924. E. Erinella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:507 1889. E. Eriopeziza Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:381 1889, as subg.; Rehm Ascom. 695 1896. E. Eubelonis Clem. Gen. Fung. 87, 175 1909. E. Gorgoniceps Karst. Myc. Fenn. 1:15 1871. G. Apostemidium Karst. Myc. Fenn. 1:15, 186 1871; cf. Rehm Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:1232 1896. A. Helolachnum Torrend Broteria Bot. 9:53 1910. H. Helotiopsis Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 119:623 1910. H. Tanglella Hoehn. Sitzb. Acad. Wien 127:606 1918. T. Helotium Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 354 1849. H. Bisporella Sacc. Consp. Gen. Disc. 6 1884. B. Calycella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:248 1889, as subg.; 14:31 1899. C. Calycellina Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 1129 1918. C. Chlorospleniella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:645 1889, as subg.; 16:774 1902. C. Ciboria Fkl. Symb. Myc. 311 1869. C. Micropodia Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:118 1885; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 1127. M. Moellerodiscus Henn. Hedwigia 41 :33 1902; Syll, Fung. 18:8 1906. M. Rhizocalyx Petr. Hedwigia 68:233 1928. R. Hymenoscypha (Fr.) Phill. Man. Brit. Disc. Ill 1887. H. Hyphoscypha Bres. Jour. Myc. 10:212 1904. H. B. ciliatospora (Fkl.) Clem. aeruginosum (Oeder) Fr. felicitatis (Crouan) Sacc. mirabilis Hoehn. coronata (Bull.) DeN. cerina (Pers.) Fkl. grisella (Rehm) Syd. T. ciliata B. & T. albolutea (Pers.) Clem, cassandrae Transch. nidulans Syd. helios P. & S. curreyana Massee moUissimum (Lasch) Clem, perforans Syd. juncicola (Fkl.) Sacc. caesia (Pers.) Rehm. drosodes (Rehm) Clem, aridula Karst. fiscella Karst. aurantiacum Torr. apicalis (B. & Br.) Hoehn. austriaca Hoehn. citrinum (Hedw.) Fr. monilifera (Fkl.) Sacc. alutacea (B. & Br.) Sacc. punctiformis (Grev.) Hoehn fennica (Karst.) Sacc. amentacea (Balb.) Fkl. pteridina (Nyl.) Boud. brockesiae Henn. abietis Petr. virgultorum (Wahl.) Phill. virginea Bres. PEZIZACEAE 327 Lachnaster Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 35:250 1917. Lachnella Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 365 1849. Perrotia Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 17:23 1901. Lachnellula Karst. Medd. Soc. Fenn. 11:138 1884. Lachnum Retz. Prod. 329 1779. Hyalopeziza Fkl. Symb. Myc. 297 1869. Lambertella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 127:375 1918. Lanzia Sacc. Consp. Gen. Disc. 6 1884. Lasiobelonis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:502 1889, as subg.; 14:789 1899; for Lasiobelonium. Masseea Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:99 1906. Merodontis Clem. Gen. Fung. 87, 175 1909. Davinciella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:101 1906, as subg.; 24:1214 1928. Pezizella Fkl. Symb. Myc. 299 1869; Rehm Rabh. Krypt. Flor. 3:653 1896. Hyaloscypha Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:118 1885. Pezizellaster Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:349 1917. Pezoloma Clem. Gen. Fung. 86, 175 1909. Phaeociboria Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 127:593 1918. Phalothrix Clem. Gen Unguicularia Hoehn. 1905; Syll. Fung. 24:1202 Phialea Fr. Obs. Myc. 2:305 Fung. 88, 175 1909. Ann. Myc. 3:404, ill. 1928. 1818. Pocillum DeNot. Prof. Disc. 361 1864. Rutstroemia Karst. Myc. Fenn. 1:12 1871. Kriegeria Winter Hedwigia 17:32 1878. Scelobelonium (Sacc.) Hoehn. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 20:3 1905; Sitzb. Akad. Wien 127:40 1918. Sclerotinia Fkl. Symb. Myc. 330 1869. Stromatinia Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:115 1885. L. gracilis Hoehn. L. flammea (A. & S.) Fr. P. flammea (A. & S.) Boud. L. chrysophthalma (Pars.) Karst. L. bicolor (Bull.) Karst. H. patula (Pers.) Fkl. L. corni-maris Hoehn. L. flavorufa Sacc. L. amoenum (Speg.) Sacc. M. quisquiliarum (B. & C.) Sacc, M. tenella (P. & S.) Clem. D. tenella (P. & S.) Trott. P. granulosella (Karst.) Rehm H. dentata (Pers.) Boud. P. radiostriatus (Feltg.) Hoehn. P. griseum Clem. P. sejournei (Boud.) Hoehn. P. hyalotricha (Rehm) Clem. U. unguiculata Hoehn. P. vulgaris (Fr.) Rehm P. cesati (Mont.) DeN. R. firma (Pers.) Karst. K. elatina (A. & S.) Hoehn. S. melanosporum (Rehm) Hoehn. S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) Mass. S. pseudotuberosa (Rehm) Boud. PEZIZACEAE Acetabula Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:43 1822. Paxina Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. 2:864 1891. Phleboscyphus Clem. Bull. Torr. Club 30:93 1903. Aleuria Fkl. Symb. Myc. 325 1869. Aleurina Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:472 1889, as subg.; 18:88 1906; cf. Seaver Mycologia 6:277, ill. 1914. Catinella Boud. Hist. Class. Disc. 190 1907; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myc. 457. Desmazierella Lib. Ann. Sci. Nat. 17:82 1829. Discina Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 348 1849. A. vulgaris Fkl. P. acetabulum (L.) Kuntze P. vulgaris (Fkl.) Clem. A. aurantia (Muell.) Fkl. A. retiderma (Cke.) S. & S. A. olivacea (Batsch) Boud. D. acicola Lib. D. venosa (Pers.) Sacc. 328 PEZIZALES Galactinia Cooke Mycographia 253 1879. Heteroplegma Clem. Bull. Torr. Club 30:92 1903. Geopyxis Pers. Myc. Eur. 1 :42 1822. Humaria Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:42 1822. Humarina Seaver Mycologia 19:87 1927. Pseudombrophila Boud. Hist. Disc. Eur. 65 1907. lotidea Clem. Gen. Fung. 89, 175 1909. Lamprospora DeNot. Comm. Critt. Ilal. 1:388 1864. Barlaea Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:111 1889; not Reich. 1877. Barlaeina Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 14:30 1899. Detonia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:105 1889. Otidella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:99 1889. Leucopezis Clem. Gen. Fung. 90 1909; Minn. Bot. Studies 4:187 1911. Macropodia Fkl. Symb. Myc. 331 1869. Melachroia Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:112 1885. Neottiella Cooke Mycographia 261 1879. Neottiopezis Clem. Gen. Fung. 90 1909. Otidea Pers. Myc. Eur. 1:220 1822; cf. Seaver N.A. Cup-fungi 184 1928. Scodellina S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 1:668 1821. Pelodiscus Clem. Rep. Bot. Surv. Nebr. 5:8 1901. Peziza (Dill.) L. Sp. PI. 2:1180 1753. Plicaria Fkl. Symb. Myc. 325 1869. Pustularia Fkl. Symb. Myc. 328 1869. Phaeomacropus Henn. Monsunia 1 :172 1899. Phaeopezia Sacc. Michelia 1:71 1877. Pitya Fkl. Symb. Myc. 317 1869. Pityella Boud. Hist. Disc. Eur. 125 1907. Plectania Fkl. Symb. Myc. 324 1869. Plicariella Sacc. Consp. Gen. Disc. 6 1884. Podaleuris Clem. Gen. Fung. 89, 175 1909. Pseudoplectania Fkl. Symb. Myc. 324 1869. Pyronema Carus Nov. Act. Leop. 17:370 1835. Phycascus Moell. Phyc. Ascom. Bras. 309 1901. Pyrenomella Sacc. Michelia 1:564 1879. Sarcoscypha Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:78 1822. Cookeina Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. 2:849 1891. Pilocratera Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 14:363 1892. Pseudopityella Seaver Mycologia 19:87 1927. Trichoscypha Cooke Mycographia 252 1879. Sarcosphaera Auers. Hedwigia 8:82 1869. G. saniosa (Schrad.) Cke. H. caeruleum Clem. G. cupularis (L.) Sacc. H. leucoloma (Hedw.) Boud. H. leucoloma (Hedw.) Seaver P. deerrata (Karst.) Seaver I. pleurota (Phill.) Clem. L. miniata (Crouan) DeN. B. miniata (Crouan) Sacc. B. miniata (Crouan) S. & S. D. leiocarpa (Curr.) Sacc. O. fulgens (Pers.) Sacc. L. excipulata Clem. M. macropus (Pers.) Fkl. M. xanthomela (Pers.) Boud. N. callichroa (Boud.) Sacc. N. callichroa (Boud.) Clem. O. cochleata (L.) Fkl. S. leporina (Batsch) Gray P. piliseta Clem. P. vesiculosa Bull. P. badia (Pers.) Fkl. P. vesiculosa (Bull.) Fkl. P. fleischerianus Henn. P. murina (Fkl.) Sacc. P. vulgaris Fkl. P. hypnina (Quel.) Boud. P. melastoma (Sow.) Fkl. P. leiocarpa (Curr.) Rehm P. reperta (Boud.) Clem. P. nigrella (Pers.) Fkl. P. omphalodes (Bull.) Fkl. P. tremellosus Moell. P. araneosa Sacc. S. coccinea (Jacq.) Cke. C. tricholoma (Mont.) Kuntze P. tricholoma (Mont.) Henn. P. minuscula (B. & T.) Seaver T. tricholoma (Mont.) Cke. S. coronaria (Jacq.) Schroet. HELVELLACEAE 329 Scutellinia Cooke Mycographia 260 1879. Cheilymenia Bond. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:105 1885. Ciliaria Quelet Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:105 1885; not Stackh. 1809, or Haworth 1821. Humariella Schroet. Schles. Krypt. 3:2:87. Lachnea Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:77 1822; not ■ Lachnaea L. 1753. Melastiza Boud. Bull. 1885. Stereolachnea Hoehn. 1917. Tricharia Boud. Bull. 1885. Sepultaria Cooke Mycographia 259 1879. Sphaerospora Sacc. Michelia 1:594 1879. Tarzetta Cooke Mycographia 252 1879. Trichaleuris Clem. Gen. Fung. 89, 175 1909. Trichaleurina Rehm Leaf. Phil. Bot. 6:2234 1914; Syll. Fung. 24:1207 1928. Urnula Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 364 1849. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:106 Ann. Myc. 15:353 Soc. Alyc. Fr. 1:104 S. c. H. L. M. T. S. S. T. T. T. U. scutellata (L.) Lamb. stercorea (Pars.) Boud. scutellata (L.) Boud. scutellata (L.) Schroet. scutellata (L.) Gill. charter! (Smith) Boud. echinus Hoehn. gilva (Boud. & Cke.) Boud. sepulta (Fr.) Cke. trechispora (B. & Br.) Sacc. rapulum (Bull.) Cke. crinita (Bull.) Clem. polytricha Rehm. craterium (Schw.) Fr. Genera Incertae Sedis Phillipsia Berk. Austral. Fung. 2:388 1881; cf. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:151 1889; Lind. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1 :1 :178 1897; Seaver N. A. Cup-Fungi 182 1928. P. Peltigeromyces Moell. Phyc. Ascom. Bras. 276, 310 1901. P. domingensis Berk, microsporus Moell. HELVELLACEAE Cudonia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 348 1849. Leotiella Ploettner Hedwigia 39:197 1900. Cudoniella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:41 1889. Geoglossum Pers. Obs. Myc. 1:11 1795. Gloeoglossum Durand Ann. Myc. 6:418 1908. Gyromitra Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 346 1849. Helvetia L. Sp. PI. 1648 1763. Hemiglossum Pat. Rev. Myc. 12:135 1890. Leotia Hill Hist. Plant. 43 175.1. Microglossum Gill. Disc. Fr. 25 1879. Corynetes Hazsl. Akad. Term. Kor. 11:8 1881. Leptoglossum Cooke. Mycographia 250 1879. Mitrula Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 :491 1822. Spragueola Massee Jour. Bot. 34:149, ill. 1896. Morchella Dill. Nov. Gen. 74 1719. Neolecta Speg. Fung. Arg. 4:83 1882. Phaeoglossum Fetch Ann. Bot. Gard. Ceylon 7:309 1922. C. circinans (Pers.) Fr. L. caricicola Ploett. C. acicularis (Bull.) Schroet. G. glabrum Pers. G. glutinosum (Pers.) Dur. G. esculenta (Pers.) Fr. H. lacunosa Afz. H. yunnanense Pat. L. gelatinosa Hill. M. viride (Pers.) Gill. C. purpurascens (Pers.) Dur. L. tremellosum (Cke.) Sacc. M. phalloides (Bull.) Chev. S. american«i Massee M. esculenta (L.) Pers. N. flavovirescens Speg. P. zeylanicum Petch 330 AGYRIALES Psilopezia Berk. Dec. Fung. 138 1847. Fleischhakia Rabh. Just Bot. Jahresb. 2:305 1878. Peltidium Kalchbr. Rabh. Fung. Europ. 521 1857; not Zoll. 1820. Rhizina Fr. Obs. Myc. 1:161 1815. Spathularia Pers. Tent. Disp. 36 1797. Mitruliopsis Peck Bull. Torr. Club 30:100 1903. Sphaerosoma Klotzsch Dietr. Fl. Boruss. 467 1840. Ruhlandiella Henn. Hedwigia 42:24 1903; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 655. Trichoglossum Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1:110 1885. Underwoodia Peck Rep. N. Y. Mus. 43:32 1890. Verpa Swartz Vet. Akad. Handl. 129 1815. Vibrissea Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:31 1822. P. nummularia Berk. F. rhizinoides Rabh. P. oocardii Kalchbr. R. inflata (Schaeff.) Quel. S. clavata (Schaeff.) Sacc. M. flavida Pk. S. fuscescens Klotzsch R. berolinensis Henn. T. hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. U. columnaris Pk. V. conica (Muell.) Swartz V. truncorum (A. & S.) Fr. Genera Incertae Sedis Cidaris Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 347 1849. C caroUniana (Schw.) Fr. Durandiomyces Seaver N. A. Cup-Fungi 242, ill 1928. D. phillipsi (Mass.) Seav. Paracudonia Petrak Ann. Myc. 25:246 1927. P. sphaerospora Petrak ASCOBOLACEAE Ascobolus Pers. Tent. Disp. 35 1791. A. Ascophanus Boud. Mem. Ascob. 51 1869. A. Boudiera Cooke Grevillea 6:76 1877. B. Boudierella Sacc. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 34:130 1895. B. Cubonia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:527 1889. C. Dasybolus Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11 :421 1895. D. Lasiobolus Sacc. Consp. Gen. Disc. 8 1884. L. Ramsbottomia Buckley Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 9:44 1923. R- Rhyparobius Boud. Mem. Ascob. 47 1869. R. Thecotheus Boud. Mem. Ascob. 45, ill. 1869. T. Saccobolus Boud. Mem. Ascob. 38 1869. S. Streptotheca Vuill. Jour, de Bot. 33, ill. 1887. S. Thelebolus Tode Fung. Meckl. 1:41, ill. 1790. T. stercorarius (Bull.) Schroet. carneus (Pers.) Boud. areolata Cke. & Phill. cana (March.) Sacc. brachyasca (March.) Sacc. immersus (Pers.) Sacc. equinus (Muell.) Karst. lamprosporoides Buck, crustaceus (Fkl.) Rehm pelletieri (Crouan) Boud. kerverni (Crouan) Boud. boudieri Vuill. stercorarius Tode AGYRIALES AGYRIACEAE Agyrina Keissl. Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien 39:199 1925; Rabh. Krypt. Fl. 8:57 1930. Agyrina Clem. Gen. Fung. 67, 174 1909; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8:636 1889, as subg. Agyriopsis Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 14:805 1899. A. crozalsi Keissl. A. sexdecimspora (Fkl.) Clem. A. betheli (E. & E.) S. & S. AGYRIACEAE 331 Agyriella Ell. & Ev. Bull. Torr. Club 24:470 1897; not Sacc. 1884. Agyrium Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:231 1822. Exogone Henn. Verb. Bot. Brandenb. 50:130 1908. Agyronella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:1229 1909. Ascocalathium Eidam Cohn Krypt. Schles. 3:32 1893. Ascodesmis van Tiegh. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 23:271 1876. Atichia Flotow Linnaea 23:149 1850. Actinomma Sacc. Misc. Myc. 1:28 1884; Syll. Fung. 4:753 1886. Euthryptum Theiss. Verb. z-b. Ges. Wien 66:325 1916; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 26:392 1928. Heterobotrys Sacc. Micbelia 2:21 1880. Phycopsis Mangin & Pat. Comp. Rend. 154:1480, ill. 1912. Seuratia Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 20:136 1904. Didymascella Maire & Sacc. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 17:205 1901. Didymascus Sacc. Malpighia 10:278, ill. 1896. Discomycella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 121:400 1912. Gloeopeziza Zukal Flora 74:100. ill. 1891. Haematomyces B. & Br. Fung. Ceylon 963 1870. Haematomyxa Sacc. 1884. Henningsiella Rehm. Lecideopsella Hoehn. 118:1229 1909. Medeolaria Thaxter 57:432 1922. Microdiscus Sacc. Nuov. Giorn. 1916; Syll. Fung. 24:1143 1928. Brachyascus Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:285 1917. Molleriella Wint. Bol. Soc. Brot. 4:199 1886. Nostotheca Starb. Bib. Sven. Handl. 25:20 1899; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 26:401 1928. Nesolechia Mass. Misc. Lich. 13 1856. Phillipsiella Cooke Grevillea 7:48 1878; Syll. Fung. 22:584 1913; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 244 1909. Pyronema Carus Nov. Act. Leop. 17:370 1835. Pyronemella Sacc. Micbelia 1:564 1879. Ramosiella Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:254 1917. Solanella Vanha Monatsch. Landw. 3:268, ill. 1910. Zukalina O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. 2:875 1891. Zukaliopsis Henn. Fung. Amaz. 3:367. 1904. Consp. Gen. Disc. 11 Hedwigia 34:160 1895. Sitzb. Akad. Wien Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Aci. Ital. 23:190 A. betheli Ell. & Ev. A. rufum (Pers.) Fr. E. kaiseriana Henn. A. lagunculariae (Wint.) Hoehn. A. stipitatum Eidam A. nigricans van Tiegh. A. glomerulosa (Ach.) Fw. A. gastonis Sacc. E. globiferum (E. & E.) Theiss. H. paradoxa Sacc. P. vanillae (Pat.) M. & P. S. coffeicola Pat. D. oxycedri M. & S. D. kitmanoffi Sacc. D. tjibodensis Hoehn. G. rehmi Zukal. H. spadiceus B. & Br. H. vinosa (C. & E.) Sacc. H. quitensis (Pat.) Rehm L. gelatinosa Hoehn. M. farlowi Thaxter M. americanus Sacc. B. americanus (Sacc.) Syd. M. mirabilis Wint. N. ambigua Starb. N. oxyspora (Tul.) Mass. P. graminicola Hoehn. P. omphalodes (Bull.) Fkl. P. araneosa Sacc. R. calami (Rac.) Syd. S. rosea Vanha Z. neglecta (Zukal) O. K. Z. amazonica Henn. ZZ2 TUBERALES Genera Incertae Sedis 1902; Capnodiopsis Henn. Hedwigia 41 :298 Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 651 1911. Schenckiella Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 17:523 1893; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 598; Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:457 1917. Protasia Rac. Par Alg. Pilz. Java 3:42 1900; Syll. Fung. 22:584 1913; nomen nudum. C. mirabilis Henn. S. marcgraviae Henn. (no species given) EXASCACEAE Ascocorticium Brefeld Unters. Myk. 9:145, ill. 1891. Ascosorus Henn. & Ruhl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 28:276 1900. Exascus Fkl. Enum. Fung. Nass. 29 1860. Taphridium Lag. & Juel Bih. Sven. Vet. Handl. 27:16 1902. Volkartia Maire Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 54:145 1907. Taphrina Fr. Obs. Myc. 1:217 1815. Magnusiella Sadebeck Par. Exoasc. 2:86 1893. A. albidum Brefeld A. floridianus (Ell.) H. & R. E. deformans (Berk.) Fkl. T. umbelliferarum (Rostr.) L. & J. V. rhaetica (Volk.) Maire T. aurea (Pers.) Fr. M. potentillae (Farlow) Sade. TUBERALES ONYGENACEAE Dendrosphaera Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 23:69 1907. D. eberhardti Pat. Onygena Pers. Syn. Fung. 203 1801. O. equina Pers. Trichocoma Junghuhn Praem. Jav. 9, ill. 1839. T. paradoxa Jungh. ELAPHOMYCETACEAE Elaphomyces Nees Syn. Myc. 68 1820. E. granulatus Fr. Mesophellia Berk. Trans. Linn. Soc. 22:131 1857. M. arenaria Berk. Genus Dubium Cenococcum Fr. Syst. Orb. Vcg. 364 1825. C. geophilum Fr. TUBERACEAE Balsamia Vittad. Mon. Tuber. 30, ill. 1831. Barssia Gilkey Mycologia 17:253, ill. 1925. Choeromyces Vittad. Mon. Tuber. 50 1831. Delastria Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:19:379 1843. Delastriopsis Mattirolo Bol. Soc. Brot. 21:10 1905; Syll. Fung. 22:594 1913. Eoterfezia Atkin. Bot. Gaz. 34:40 1902. Genabea Tul. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2:60 1844. Genea Vittad. Mon. Tuber. 27 1831. Myrmecocystis Harkness Proc. Gal. Acad. Sci. 3:1 :269, ill. 1899; cf. Gilkey Univ. Cal. Pub. Bot. 6:296 1916. B. B. C. D. D. E. G. G. vulgaris Vitt. oregonensis Gilkey meandriformis Vitt. rosea Tul. oligosperma (Tul.) Matt, parasitica Atkin, fragilis Tul. verrucosa Vitt. M. cerebriformis Hark. TUBERACEAE 333 Geopora Harkness Pac. Coast Fung. 168 1885. G. Hydnobolites Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:19:278 1843. H. Hydnocystis Tul. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2:59 1844; cf. Rehm Rabh. Krypt. Fl. 1:3:1076 1896. H. Hydnotrya Berk. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 18:28 1846. H. Gyrocratera Henn. Verb. Bot. Brandenb. 41:8 1899. G. Hydnotryopsis Gilkey Univ. Cal. Pub. Bot. 6:336, ill. 1916. H. Napomyces Setchell Mycologia 16:240, ill. 1924; for Daleomyces. N. Pachyphloeus Tul. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2:69 1844. P. Cryptica Hesse Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 13:198, ill. 1885. C. Phaeangium Pat. Jour, de Bot. 155 1894. P. Picoa Vittad. Mon. Tuber. 54 1831. P. Leucangium Quelet Assoc. Fr. 18, ill. 1882. L. Piersonia Harkness Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3:1:275 1899. P. Pseudobalsamea Fisch. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 25:374 1907. P. Pseudogenea Bucholtz Mattirolo Malpighia 14:250 1900. P. Pscudohydnotrya Fiscb. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:282 1897. P. Stephensia Tul. Comp. Rend. 21 :1433 1845. P. Terfczia Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:3:350 1845, T. Terfeziopsis Harkness Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3:1:278 1899. T. Tirmania Cbat. La Truffe 80, ill. 1892. T. Tuber Mich. Nov. PI. Gen. 221, ill. 1729. T. Fischerula Mattirolo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 34:1348 1928. cooperi Hark. cerebriformis Tul. piligera Tul. tulasnei B. & Br. ploettneriana Henn. setchelli Gilkey gardneri Setch. melanoxanthus Tul. lutea Hesse lefeburei Pat. juniperi Vitt. ophthalmosporum Quel. alveolata Hark. setchelli Fisch. vallumbrosae Buch. harkness! Fisch. bombycina (Vitt.) Tul. leonis Tul. lignaria Hark, ovalispora Pat. aestivum Vitt. F. macrospora Fisch. PUCCINIALES PUCCINIACEAE Amerosporae Gmelin Syst. Nat. 2:1472 Jour. Soc. Bengal Aecidium Pers. 1791. Monosporidium Barclay 56:367 1887. Alveolaria Lagerh. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 9:346 1891. Ameris Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 342 1905. Aplopsora Mains Am. Jour. Bot. 8:442, ill. 1921. Argomycetella Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:124 1922. Poliotelium Syd. lb. Baeodromus Arth. Ann. Myc. 3:19 1905. Blastospora Diet. Ann. Myc. 6:222, ill. 1908. Botryorhiza Whetzel & Olive Am. Jour. Bot. 4:47, ill. 1917. Caeoma Link. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Berlin 3:5 1800. Calidion Syd. Ann. Myc. 16:242 1918. Cerotelium Arth. Bull. Torr. Club 33:30 1906. Phragmidiella Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 38:104 1907; Dietel 57. Physopella Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 338 1906. Chaconia Juel Bih. Sven. Akad. Handl. 23:12 1897. Chrysella Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:292 1926. Chrysocelis Lagerh. & Diet. Mem. Soc. Neu- chat. 5:542 1913. Cionothrix Arth. N. A. Fl. 7:124 1907. Ctenoderma Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:102 1919. Cystopsora Butler Ann. Myc. 8:448, ill. 1910. Diabole Arth. Bull. Torr. Club 49:194 1922, Dichirinia Arth. N. A. Fl. 7:147 1907. Dichlamys Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:105 1919. Dietelia Henn. Hedwigia 30:215 1897. Endophylloides Whetzel & Olive Am. Jour. Bot. 4:50, ill. 1917. Endophyllum Lev. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 4:208 1825. Gerwasia Rac. Bull. Acad. Cracovie 1909:270. Goplana Rac. Par. Alg. Pilz. Java 2:24 1900. Haplopyxis Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:105 1919. Hemileia B. & Br. Card. Chron. 1869:1157. Hemileiopsis Rac. Par. Alg. Pilz. Java 1 :25 1900. 334 A. berberidis Pers. M. euphorbiae Barclay A. cordiae Lagerh. A. rosicola (E. & E.) Arth. A, nyssae (E. & T.) Mains A. pressa (Arth. & Holw.) Syd. P. iresines (Lagerh.) Syd. B. holwayi Arth. B. smilacis Diet. B. hippocrateae W. & O. C. saxifragarum (DC.) Lk. C. lindsaeae (Henn.) Syd. C. canavaliae Arth. P. markhamiae Henn. P. vitis (Thuem.) Arth. C. alutacea Juel C. mikaniae Syd. C. lupini L. & D. C. praelonga (Wint.) Arth. C. cristatum (Speg.) Syd. C. oleae Butler D. cubensis Arth. D. binata (Berk.) Arth. D. troUipi (K. & MacO.) Syd. D. verruciformis Henn. E. portoricensis W. & O. E. sempervivi (A. & S.) De B. G. rubi Rac. G. mirabilis Rac. H. crotalariae (Arth.) Syd. H. vastatrix B. & Br. H. wrightii Rac. PUCCINIACEAE 335 Kuehneola Magn. Bot. Cent. 74:169 1898. Kunkelia Arth. Bot. Gaz. 63:504 1917. Maravalia Arth. Bot. Gaz. 73:60 1922. Masseella Diet. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 13:332 1895. Ochropsora Diet. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 13:401 1895. Olivea Arth. Mycologia 9:60 1917. Peridermium Link Obs. Myc. 2:29 1816. Pileolaria Cast. Obs. Ured. 1 .22 1842. Skierkia Rac. Par. Alg. Pilz. Java 2:30 1900. Spirechina Arth. Jour. Myc. 13:30 1907. Trachyspora Fkl. Bot. Zeit. 19:250 1861. Trachysporella Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:168 1921. Trichopsora Lagerh. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 9:346 1891. Trochodium Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:106 1919. Uredo Pers. N. Mag. Bot 1:93 1794. Uromyces Link Mag. Ges. Naturf. Berlin 7:28 1816. Groveola Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:173 1921. Haplotelium Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:124 1922 Klebahnia Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 345 1906. Nielsenia Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:171 1921. Ontotelium Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:174 1921. Teleutospora Arth. & Bisby Bull. Torr. Club 48:38 1921. Telospora Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 346 1906. Uromycopsis Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 345 1906. Uromycladium McAlp. Ann. Myc. 3:321 1905. Macalpinia Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 340 1906. Zaghouania Pat. Bull Soc. Myc. Fr. 17:185 1901. K. albida (Kuehn) Magn. K. nitens (Schw.) Arth. M. pallida Arth. & Thaxt. M. capparidis (Hobson) Diet. O. sorbi (Oud.) Diet. O. capituliformis (Henn.) Arth. P. pini (Willd.) Kleb. P. terebinthi (DC.) Cast. S. agallocha Rac. S. rubi (D. & H.) Arth. T. alchimillae (Pers.) Fkl. T. melospora (Therry) Syd. T. T. U. U. G. H. K. N. O. U. u. M. Z. tournefortiae Lagerh. ipomoeae (Thuem.) Syd. helioscopiae Pers. appendiculatus (Pers.) Lev. indurata (S. & H.) Syd. amoenum Syd. glycyrhizae (Rabh.) Arth. dactylidis (Otth) Syd. digitatum (Halst.) Syd. rudbeckiae (A. & H.) A. & B. hyalina (Pk.) Arth. excavata (DC.) Arth. simplex McAlp. tepperiana (Sacc.) Arth. phillyreae Pat. Didymosporae Chrysocyclus Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:322, ill. 1925. C. Holwayella Jackson Mycologia 18:48 1926; cf. Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:322 1925. H. Chrysopsora Lagerh. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 9:345 1891. C. Cleptomyces Arth. Bot. Gaz. 65:464 1918. C. Coleopuccinia Pat. Rev. Myc. 11:35 1889. C. Desmella Syd. Ann. Myc. 16:241 1918. D. Didymopsora Diet. Hedwigia 38:254 1899. D. Diorchidium Kalchbr. Grevillea 9:26 1882. D. Gambleola Massee Bull. Mis. Kew 115 1898. G. cestri (D. & H.) Syd. mikaniae (Arth.) Jack. gynoxidis Lagerh. lagerheimianus (Diet.) Arth. sinensis Pat. aneimiae (Henn.) Syd. solani (Henn.) Diet. woodi K. & C. cornuta Massee 336 PUCCINIALES Gymnoconia Lagerh. Trom. Mus. Aarsh. 16:140 1894. Gymnosporangium Hedvvig f. DC. Fl. Fr. 2:216 1805. Gymnotelium Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:170 1921. Hamaspora Koern. Hedwigia 16:22 1877. Hamasporella Hoehn. Zeits. Gar. 1:226 1912. Roestelia Reb. Prod. Fl. Neom. 350 1804. Miyagia Miyabe Ann. Myc. 11:107 1913. Prospodium Arth. Jour. Myc. 13:31 1907. Nephlyctis Arth. Jour. Myc. 13:31 1907. Puccinia Pers. Tent. Disp. 38 1797. Allodus Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 345 1906. Bullaria DC. Fl. Fr. 2:226 1805. Coronotelium Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:174 1921. Cutomyces Thuem. Jor. Sci. Lisboa 6:239 1878. Dasyspora B. & C. Jour. .A.cad. Phil. 2:2:281 1853. Dicaeoma Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 1:541 1821. Eriosporangium Bertero Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:5:269 1846. Jackya Bub. Oest. Bot. Zeit. 52:42 1902. Leptinia Juel Bih. Sven. Akad. Handl. 23:15 1897. Leptopuccinia Rostrup Plant. Haandb. 268 1902. Lindrothia Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:119 1922. Linkiella Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:173 1921. Lysospora Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 340 1906. Micropuccinia Rostr. Plant. Haandb. 266 1902. Peristemma Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:175 1921. Persooniella Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:118 1922. Pleomeris Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:171 1921. Polioma Arth. Jour. Myc. 13:29 1907. Poliomella Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:122 1^22. Pseudopuccinia Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Hochs. Wien 2:41 1925. Rostrupia Lagerh. Jour, de Bot. 3:188 1889. Schroeterella Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:119 1922. Sclerotelium Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:172 192: Solenodonta Cast. Cat. PI. Mars. 202 1845. Trailia Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:121 1922. Pucciniosira Lagerh. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 9:344 1891. Aecidiella Ell. & Kels. Bull. Torn Club 24:208 1897. Schizospora Diet. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 13:334, ill. 1895. G. interstitialis (Schl.) Lagerh. G. clavariaeforme (Jacq.) DC. G. nootkatense (Trel.) Syd. H. longissima (Thuem.) Koern. H. longissima (Thuem.) Hoehn. R. cancellata Reb. M. anaphalidis Miy. P. appendiculatum (Wint.) Arth. N. elegans (Schroet.) Arth. P. graminis Pers. A. podophylli (Schw.) Arth. B. umbelliferarum DC. C. mesnierianum (Thuem.) Syd. C. asphodel! Thuem. D. foveolata B. & C. D. persicariae Gray E. baccharidis (Lev.) Bert. J. cirsii lanceolati (Schr.) Bub. L. brasiliensis Juel L. malvacearum (Mont.) Rostr. L. ambigua (A. & S.) Syd. L. tenuis (Burr.) Svd. L. singularis (Magn.) Arth. M. ribis (DC.) Rostr. P. sonchi (Rob.) Syd. P. punctata (Lk.) Syd. P. dispersa CEriks.) Syd. P. nivea (Holw.) Arth. P. ancizari (Mayor) Syd. P. thermopsidis (Harkn.) Hoehn. R. elymi (West.) Lagerh. S. stachydis (DC.) Syd. S. compactum (De B.) Syd. S. graminis Cast. T. buxi (DC.) Syd. P. pallidula (Speg.) Lagerh. A. triumfettae E. & K. S. mitragynes Diet. PUCCINIACEAE 337 Pucciniostele Tranz. & Komar. Arb. Petersb. Nat. Ges. 30:138 1899. P. Klastospora Diet. Ann. Myc. 2:24 1904. K. Sphenospora Diet. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:70 1897. S. Stereostratum Magn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 17:181 1899. S. Tranzschelia Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 340 1906. T. Lipospora Arth. Bull. Torr. Club 48:36 1921. L. Polythelis Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 341 1906. P. Uropyxis Schroet. Hedwigia 14:165 1875. U. Calliospora Arth. Bot. Gaz. 39:390 1905. C. Xenostele Syd. Ann. Myc. 18:178 1920. X. Phragmosporae Frommea Arth. Bull. Torr. Club. 44:503 1917. F. Phragmidium Link Sp. PI. 2:84 1824. Earlea Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 341 1906. Phragmotelium Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:167 1921. Teloconia Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:168 1921. Phragmopyxis Diet. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:70 1897. Tricella Long Mycologia 4:282 1912. Xenodochus Schl. Linnaea 1 :237 1826. P. E, P. T. P. T. X. clarkiana (Barcl.) T. & K, komarovi Diet. pallida (Wint.) Diet. corticioides (B. & Br.) Magn. punctata (Pers.) Arth. tucsonensis Arth. fusca (Pers.) Arth. amorphae (Curt.) Schroet. holwayi Arth. echinacea (Berk.) Syd. obtusa (Str.) Arth. mucronatum (Pers.) Schl. speciosa (Fr.) Arth. barnardi (P. & W.) Syd. rosae (Barcl.) Syd. deglubens (B. & C.) Diet, acuminata Long carbonarius Schl. Dictyosporae Anthomyces Diet. Hedwigia 38:253 1899. A. Anthomycetella Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:353 1916. A. Reyesiella Sacc. Att. Accad. Ven. 3:10:58 1919. R. Cystomyces Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:290, ill. 1926. C. Nothoravenelia Diet. Ann. Myc. 8:310 1910. N. Nyssopsora Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 342 1906. N. Ravenelia Berk. Card. Chron. 10:132 1853. R. Cephalotelium Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:165 1921. C. Cystingophora Arth. N. A. Fl. 7:131 1907. C. Cystotelium Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:165 1921. C. Dendroecia Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 340 1906. Haploravenelia Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:165 1921. H. Longia Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:165 1921. L. Neoraveneliix Long. Bot. Gaz. 35:131, ill. 1903. N. Pleoravenelia Long. Bot. Gaz. 35:127, ill. 1902. P. Sphaerophragmium Magn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 9:121 1891. S. brasiliensis Diet, canarii Syd. anthomycoides Sacc. costaricensis Syd. japonica Diet. echinata (Lev.) Arth. epiphylla (Schw.) Diet, macowanianum (Pazschke) Syd. hieronymi (Speg.) Arth. inornatum (Diet.) Syd. D. farlowiana (Diet.) Arth. indica (Berk.) Syd. naralensis (Syd. & Ev.) Syd. holwayi (Diet.) Long levis (Diet. & Holw.) Long acaciae (Cke.) Magn. 338 PUCCINIALES Triphragmiopsis Naumov Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 30:15 1914. T. jeffersoniae Naum. Nyssopsorella Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:169 1921. N. isopyri (M. & N.) Syd. Triphragmium Link Sp. PI. 2:84 1824. T, ulmariae (Schum.) Lk. Hapalophragmium Syd. Hedwigia 40:64, ill. 1901. H. derridis Syd. Triactella Syd. Ann. Myc. 19:169 1921. T. pulchra (Rac.) Syd. Genera Incertae Sedis vcl Dubia Achrotelium Syd. Ann. Myc. 26:425 1928. A. ichnocarpi Syd. Aecidiolum Unger Exanth. Pfl. 300 1833; Syll. Fung, l-.lli 1888. A. exanthematum Ung. Pericladium Pass. Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 7:185, ill. 1875; Syll. Fung. 7:838 1888. P. greviae Pass. MELAMPSORACEAE Amerosporae Chnoopsora Diet. Ann. Myc. 4:423 1906. C. butleri Diet. & Syd. Chrysomyxa Unger Beitr. Vergl. Path. 24 1840. C. abietis (Wallr.) Unger Barclayella Diet. Hedwigia 29:266 1890. B. deformans Diet. Melampsoropsis Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 338 1906. M. ledi (A. & S.) Arth. Coleosporium Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Z.^-.ili 1847. C. senecionis (Pers.) Lev. Stichopsora Diet. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 27:565, ill. 1899. S. asterum Diet. Synomyces Arth. N. A. Fl. 7:661. 1924. S. reichei (Diet.) Arth. Cronartium Fr. Obs. Myc. 1:220 1815. C. flaccidum (A. & S.) Wint. Crossopsora Syd. Ann. Myc. 16:243 1918. C. zizyphi (Syd. & Butl.) Syd. Gallowaya Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 336 1906. G. pinicola Arth. Melampsora Cast. Obs. Myc. 2:18 1848. M. euphorbiae (Schub.) Cast. Necium Arth. N. A. Fl. 7:114 1907. N. farlowi Arth. Melampsorella Schroet. Hedwigia 13:85 1874. M. cerastii (Pers.) Schroet. Melampsoridium Kleb. Zeits. Pflanzenkr. 9:21 1899. M. betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. Mesopsora Diet. Ann. Myc. 20:30 1922. M. hypericorum (DC.) Diet. Micronegeria Diet. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 27:16 1899. M. fagi Diet. Phacopsora Diet. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. XTt-.T)})}) 1895. P. punctiformis (Bare. & D.) Diet. Bubakia Arth. Res. Cong. Vienne 338 1906. B. crotonis (Cke.) Arth. Schroeteriaster Magn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 14:130 1896. S. alpinus (Schroet.) Magn. Phragmosporae Calyptospora Kuehn Hedwigia 8:81 1869. C. goeppertiana Kuehn Hyalopsora Magn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 19:582 1901. H. aspidiotus (Pk.) Magn. Milesia White Scot. Nat. 4:162 1877. M. polypodii White Milesina Magn. Ber. Deut. Ges. 27:325 1909. M. kriegeriana Magn. USTILAGINACEAE— TILLETIACEAE 339 Pucciniastrum Otth Mitt. Nat. Ges. Bern 1861:71. Thecopsora Magn. Hedwigia 14:123 1875. Uredinopsis Magn. Att. Cong. Geneva 167 1893. P. pustulatum (Pers.) Diet. T. areolata (Fr.) Magn. U. filicina (Niessl) Magn. USTILAGINALES USTILAGINACEAE Cintractia Cornu Ann. Sci. Nat. 6:15:279 1883. Anthracoidea Bref. Unter. Ges. Myk. 12:144 1895; Syll. Fung. 14:420 1899. Farysia Rac. Bull Acad. Cracovie 1909:354, ill. Elateromyces Bub. Houb. Cesk. Dil 2:32 1912. Melanopsichium Beck Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 9:122 1894. Mycosyrinx Beck Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 9:123 1894. Schizonella Schroet. Beitr. Biol. 2:362 1877. Sorosporium Rud. Linnaea 4:116 1829. Sphacelotheca De Bary Vergl. Morph. Pilze 187 1884. Testicularia Klotzsch Linnaea 7:202 1832. Thecaphora Fingerh. Linnaea 10:230 1835. Poecilosporium Diet. Flora 83:87, ill. 1897; Syll. Fung. 16:380 1902. Tolyposporella Atkin. Bull. Cornell Univ. 3:16 1897. Tolyposporium Woron. Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges. 12:577 1882. Ustilago (Pers.) Roussel Fl. Calvados ed. 2:47 1806. C. axicola (Berk.) Cornu A. caricis (Pers.) Bref. F. merrilli (Henn.) Syd. E. olivaceus (DC.) Bub. M. austramericanum (Speg.) Beck M. cissi (DC.) Beck S. melanogramma (DC.) Schroet. S. saponariae Rud. S. hydropiperis (Thuem.) De B. T. cyperi Klotzsch T. hyalina Fingerh. P. davidsohni (D. & H.) Diet. T. chrysopogonis Atkin. T. junci (Schroet.) Woron. U. segetum Pers. TILLETIACEAE Burrillia Setch. Proc. Am. Acad. 26:18 1891. Doassansia Cornu Ann. Sci. Nat. 6:15:285 1883. SetcheUia Magn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 13:468, ill. 1895. Doassansiopsis (Setch.) Diet. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:21 1897. Entorhiza Web. Bot. Zeit. 42:369 1884. Schinzia Naeg. Linnaea 16:281 1842; not Dennst. 1818. Entyloma De Bary Bot. Zeit. 32:101 1874. Rhamphospora Cunningham Sci. Mem. India 3:32 1888; Syll. Fung. 9:287 1891. Melanotaenium De Bary Bot. Zeit. 32:105 1874. B. D. S. D. E. S. E. M. pustulata Setch. alismatis (Nees) Cornu punctiformis (Niessl) Magn. deformans (Setch.) Diet, cypericola Web. cellulicola Naeg. microsporum (Ung.) Schroet. nymphaeae Cunningham endogenum (Ung.) De B. 340 USTILAGINALES Neovossia Koern. Oest. Bot. Zeit. 29:217 1879. N. moliniae (Thuem.) Koern. Perichlamys Henn. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14:430 1899; for P. ustilaginodes Henn. Didymochlamys Henn. Hedwigia 36:246 1897. D. ustilaginoidea Henn. Kuntzeomyces Henn. Syll. Fung. 14:430 1899. K. ustilaginoideus Henn. Polysaccopsis Henn. Hedwigia 37:206 1898. P. hieronymi (Schroet.) Henn. Tilletia Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:7:112 1847. T. tritici (Bjerk.) Wint. Tracya Syd. Hedwigia Beibl. 40:3 1901. T. lemnae (Setch.) Syd. Cornuella Setch. Proc. Am. Acad. 26:19 1891; Syll. Fung. 11:236 1895. C. lemnae Setch. Tuburcinia (Fr.) Woron. Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges. 12:561 1882. T. trientalis (B. & Br.) Woron. Urocystis Rabh. Klotzsch Herb. Myc. ed. 2:393 1856. U. occulta (Wallr.) Rabh. Genera Incertae Sedis vel Dubia Schroeteria Wint. Rabh. Krypt. Fl. 1:1:117 1884; Syll. Fung. 7:500 1888. S. delastrina (Tul.) Wint. Ustilagopsis Speg. Fung. Arg. 2:11 1880; Syll. Fung. 7:498 1888. U. deliquescens Speg. GRAPHIOLACEAE Graphiola Poit. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1824:473, ill. G. phoenicis (Moug.) Poit. Stylina Syd. Ann. Myc. 18:192 1920. S. disticha (Ehrenb.) Syd. TREMELLALES AURICULARIACEAE Auricularia Bull. Champ. 277 1795. Helicobasis Pat. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 32:171 1885; for Helicobasidium. Herpobasidium Lind Ark. Bot. 7:5 1908 Stypinella Schroet. Pilz. Schles. 1 :383 1887; Syll. Fung. 14:244 1899. Hirneola Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 256 1825. Auriculariella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:407 1888. Jola Moell. Protobas. 162 1895. Patouillardina Bres. Ann. Myc. 18:52 1920. Pilacre Fr. Syst. Myc. 3:204 1829; cf. Shear & Dodge Jour. Agr. Res. 30:407 1925; Killermann 109. Ecchyna Fr. Nov. Fl. Suec. 5:80 1819. Phleogena Link Handb. Erk. Gew. 3:396 1833; Killermann 109. Pilacrella Schroet. Pilz. Schles. 1 :384 1889. Platygloea Schroet. Pilz. Schles. 1:384 1889. Achroomyces Bon. Handb. Myk. 135, ill. 1851; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 2:271 1904. Helicogloea Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 8:121 1892. Kriegeria Bres. Rev. Myc. 13:14, ill. 1891; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 354. Saccoblastia Moell. Protobas. 162 1895. Septobasidium Pat. Jour, de Bot. 6:61 1892. Hoehnelomyces Weese Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 37:514 1919. A. mesenterica (Dicks.) Fr. H. purpureus (Tul).) Pat. H. filicinum (Rostr.) Lind S. purpurea (Tul.) Schroet. H. auricula-judae (L.) Berk. A. tremellosa (Fr.) Sacc. J. hookeriana Moell. P. cinerea Bres. P. faginea Fr. E. faginea Fr. P. faginea (Fr.) Lk. P. solani Cohn & Schroet. P. nigricans Schroet. A. tumidus Bon. H. lagerheimi Pat. K. eriophori Bres. S. ovispora Moell. S. pedicellatum Pat. H. delectans (Moell.) Weese Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Delortia Pat. & Gaill. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 4:43 1888; Syll. Fung. 6:795 1888; Killermann 108. Eocronartium Atkin. Jour. Myc. 8:107 1902; Syll. Fung. 17:211 1906; cf.' Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 36:176 1920. Mohortia Rac. Bull. Acad. Crac. 1909:361; Syll. Fung. 21:447 1912; Killermann 108. Mylittopsis Pat. Jour, de Bot. 9:245 1895. Tjibodasia Holterm. Myk. Unters. 44 1898; Syll. Fung. 16:216 1902. D. palmicola Pat. E. typhuloides (Pk.) Atkin. M. tropica Rac. M. langloisi Pat. T. pezizoides Holterm. TREMELLACEAE Craterocolla Bref. Unters. 7:98 1888. Exidia Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:220 1822. 341 C. cerasi (Schum.) Bref. E. glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. 342 TREMELLALES UlocoUa Bref. Unters. 7:95 1888; Syll. Fung. 6:777 1888; Killermann 115. Exidiopsis Olsen Bref. Unters. 7:94 1888. Gloeosoma Bres. Ann. Myc. 18:51 1920. Gyrocephalus Pers. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris Z:ll 1824. Heterochaete Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 8:120 1892. Heterochaetella Bourd. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 7:53 1920. Hirneolina Pat. Ess. Tax. 25 1900, as subg. ; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17:208 1906. Eichleriella Bres. Ann. Myc. 1:115 1903; Syll. Fung. 17:208 1906. Hyaloria Moell. Protobas. 173 1895. Clavariopsis Holterm. Myc. Unters. Trop. 85, ill. 1898. Phaeotremella Rea Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. Z:in, ill. 1912. Protohydnum Moell. Protobas. 173 1895. Protodontia Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 116:83 1907. Protomerulius Moell. Bras. Pilzbl. 60 1895. Sebacina Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 5:15:223 1872. Bourdotia Bres. Ann. Myc. 6:46 1908; Syll. Fung. 23:450 1915. Tremellodendrum Atkin. Jour. Myc. 7:106 1902; Syll. Fung. 17:208 1906. Seismosarca Cke. Grevillea 18:25 1889. Sirobasidium Lagerh. & Pat. Jour, de Bot. 6:465 1892. Stypella Moell. Protobas. 166 1895. Tremella (Dill.) Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:210 1823. Naematelia Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:227 1823. Tremellodon Pers. Myc. Eur. 2:172 1825. Tulasnella Schroet. Pilz. Schles. 1 :397 1889. U. E. G. G. H. H. H. E. H. saccharina Fr. effusa Olsen vitellinum (Lev.) Bres. rufus (Jacq.) Bref. andina Pat. crystallina Bourd. incarnata (Bres.) Sacc. incarnata Bres. pilacre Moell. C. pinguis Holterm. P. pseudofolia Rea p. cartilagineum Moell. p. uda Hoehn. p. brasiliensis Moell. s. laciniata (Bull.) Bres. B. galzini Bres. T. candidum (Schw.) Atkin. S. hydrophora Cke. S. sanguineum Lagerh. & Pat S. papillata Moell. T. frondosa Fr. N. encephala (Willd.) Fr. T. gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers. T. anceps Bres. & Syd. DACRYOMYCETACEAE Arrhytidia Berk. Jour. Bot. & Kew Misc. 1:235 1849. Ceracea Cragin Jour. Myc. 1 :58 1885; Syll. Fung. 6:805 1888. Calocera Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:485 1822. Dacryomitra Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 5:15:217 1872. Dacryopsis Massee Grevillea 20:23 1891; Syll. Fung. 11:149 1895. Dacryopsella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:50 1915; Syll. Fung. 23:583 1925. Dacryomyces Nees Syst. Pilz. 89 1817. Ditiola Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:160 1822. Femsjonia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 341 1849. Guepinia Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 92 1825. A. flava B. & C. C. vernicosa Cragin C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr. D. pusilla Tul. D. gyrocephala (B. & C.) Mass. D. typhae Hoehn. D. stillatus Nees D. radicata (A. & S.) Fr. F. luteo-alba Fr. G. spathularia (Schw.) Fr. HYPOCHNACEAE 343 Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia 1849; Apyrenium Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 470 Syll. Fung. 6:814 1888. Cladosterigma Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 8:138 1892; Syll. Fung. 11:640 1891. CoUyria Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 340 1849; Syll. Fung. 6:811 1888. Ductifera Lloyd. Myc. Notes 50:711, ill. 1917; Syll. Fung. 23:581 1915. Heterotextus Lloyd Myc. Notes 67:1151, ill. 1922. Hormomyces Bon. Handb. Myk. 150 1851; Syll. Fung. 6:812 1888. Myxomycidium Massee Kew Bull. 179 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:220 1902. Phyllotremella Lloyd Myc. Notes 64:1007, ill. 1920. Tremellopsis Pat. Duss Enum. Champ. Guad. 1903:13; Syll. Fung. 17:193 1906. A. lignatile Fr. C. fusisporum Pat. C. helvelloides (Schw.) Fr. D. millei Lloyd H. flavus Lloyd H. aurantiacus Bon. M. pendulum Mass. P. africanus Lloyd T. antillarum Pat. AGARICALES HYPOCHNACEAE Aureobasis Viala & Boyer Rev. Gen. Bot. 3:369, ill. 1891; for Aureobasidium. A. vitis V. & B, Botryoconis Syd. Ann. Myc. 4:344 1906. B. saccardoi Syd. Cryptobasidium Lendner Bull. Soc. Geneve 2:12, ill. 1920. C. ocoteae Lend. Exobasidium Woronin Verb. Nat. Ges. Frei- burg 4:397 1867. E. vaccinii (Fkl.) Wor. Clinoconidium Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 14:156 1898; Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:283 1926. C. farinosum (Henn.) Pat. Hypochnus Fr. Obs. Myc. 2:278 1818; em. Bres. Ann. Myc. 1:105 1903. H. ferrugineus (Pers.) Fr. Kordyana Rac. Par. Alg. Pilz. Java 2:35 1900. K. pinangae Rac. Microstroma Niessl Oest. Bot. Zeits. 11:252 1861. M. album (Desm.) Sacc. Tomentellina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 115:1604 1906. T. ferruginosa H. & L. Urobasidium Giesenh. Flora 76:139 1892. U. rostratum Giesenh. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Aldridgea Massee Fungus Flora 1:103 1892; Syll. Fung. 11:129 1895; Killermann 135. Endobasidium Speschnew Fung. Transcasp. Turk. 12 1901; Syll. Fung. 17:190 1906; Killermann 133. Lelum Rac. Par. Alg. Pilz. Java 3:16 1900; Syll. Fung. 16:199 1902; Killermann 133. Ordonia Rac. Bull. Acad Crac. 1909:360; Sacc. 21:447 1912; Killermann 135. A. gelatinosa Massee E. clandestinum Spesch. L. ustilaginodes Rac. O. orthobasidium Rac. 344 AGARICALES Protocoronis Atkin. & Edgert. Jour. Myc. 13:186 1907; Syll. Fung. 21:421 1912; Killermann 133; for Protocoronospora. P. nigricans A. & E. THELEPHORACEAE Aleurodiscus Rabh. Hedwigia 13:184 1874. Asterostroma Massee Jour. Linn. Soc. 25:154 1889. Asterostromella Hoehn. & Litsch. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 116:773 1907. Dichostereum Pilat Ann. Myc. 24:223, ill. 1926. Bonia Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 8:48 1892. Dendrothele Hoehn. & Litsch. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 116:819 1907; Syll. Fung. 21:404 1912, as subg. ; Killermann 143. Cladoderris (Pers.) Fr. Fung. Natal. 20 1848. Beccariella Ces. Myc. Born. 9 1879; Syll. Fung. 6:550 1888. Coniophora DC. Fl. Gall. 6:34 1815. Jaapia Bres. Ann. Myc. 9:428 1911; Syll. Fung. 23:541 1925; Killermann 142. Prillieuxia Sacc. & Syd. Syll. Fung. 14:225 1899; Killermann 140. Coniophorella Karst. Finl. Basidsv, 438 1889. Cora Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1:100 1825. Corella Wain. Etud. Lich. Brcs. 2:242 1890. Corticium Pers. Myc. Eur. 1:128 1822. Cerocorticium Hcnn. Monsunia 1:138 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:196 1902; Killermann 137. Galzinia Bourd. Assoc. Fr. Av. Sci. 45:577 1921; Killermann 138. Craterellus Pers. Myc. Eur. 2:4 1825. Cyphella Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:201 1822. Catilla Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 31:32, ill. 1915. Dendrocyphella Fetch Ann. Bot. Gard. Cey- lon 7:289 1922. Phaeocyphella Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:12:278 1909; Killermann 150. Cytidia Quel. Fl. Myc. 25 1888. Dictyonema (Ag.) Zahlbr. Nat. I'flan/.cnf. 1:1:237 1907. Epithele Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 15:202 189Q. Hymenochaete Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:5:150 1846. Duportella Pat. Phil. Jour. Sci. 10:87 1915. Lloydiella Bres. Lloyd Myc. Notes 6:51 1901; Syll. Fung. 16:116 1902. Hypolyssus Berk. Lond. Jour. Bot. 1 :139 1842. A. amorphus (Pers.) Rabh. A. corticolum Mass. A. investiens H. & L. D. induratum (Berk.) Pilat B. papyrina Pat. D. griseo-cana (Bres.) B. & G. C. dendritica (Pers.) Fr. B. insignis Ces. C. cerebella (Pers.) Schroet. J. argillacea Bres. P. favinea (Britz.) S. & S. C. olivacea (Fr.) Karst. C. pavonia Fr. C. brasiliensis Wain. C. roseum Pers. C. bogoriense Henn. G. pedicellata Bourd. C. cornucopiodes (L.) Pers. C. digitalis (A. & S.) Fr. C. pandani Pat. D. setosa Petch P. sphaerospora Speg. C. flocculenta (Fr.) H. & L. D. membranaceum Ag. E. typhae (Pers.) Pat. H. tabacina (Sow.) Lev. D. velutina Pat. L. cinerascens (Schw.) Bres. H. montagnei Berk, CLAVARIACEAE 345 Peniophora Cke. Grevillea 7:20 1879. Gloeocystidium Karst. Bot. Cent. 43:385 1890; Syll. Fung. 16:193 1902, as subg.; Killermann 140. Gloeopeniophora Hoehn. & Litsch. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 111:815 1907; Killermann 139. Kneiffia Fr. Epicr. 529 1838. Peniophorina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien. 126:283 1917; Killermann 138. Wiesnerina Hoehn. Denks. Akad. Wien 83:7 1907; Syll. Fung. 21:385 1912; Kil- lermann 139. Skepperia Berk. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lend. 22:130 1859. Friesula Speg. Fung. Arg. 2:9 1881. Skepperiella Pilat Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 43:56 1927. Solenia Hoffm. Deut. Fl. t. 8 1795. Stereum Pers. Obs. Myc. 1:35 1797; em. Fr. Epicr. 545 1838. Thelephora Ehrhart Crypt. Exs. n. 178 1785; em. Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:428 1821. Bresadolina Brinkm. Ann. Myc. 7:289 1909; Killermann 146. P. quercina (Fr.) Cke. G. lactescens (Berk.) H. & L. G. incarnata (Fr.) H. & L. K. setigera Fr. P. pedicellata (Pr.) Hoehn. W. horrida Hoehn. S. F. S. S. S. B. convoluta Berk, platensis Speg. spathularia (B. & C.) Pilat Candida Pers. hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. terrestris Ehrh. pallida (Pers.) Br. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Dendrocladium Pat. Jour, de Bot. 3:33 1889; Killermann 150. D. peckolti (Lloyd) Pat. CLAVARIACEAE Clavaria (Vaill.) L. Sp. PI. 2:1132 1753. Phaeoclavulina Brinkm. Jahresb. Westf. Ver. Bot. 25:197 1897. Lachnocladium Lev. Orbigny Diet. 8:487 1849. Phaeopterula Henn. Hedwigia 43:175 1904; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 687 1911; Syll. Fung. 17:201 1906. Physalacria Pk. Bull. Torr. Club 9:2 1882. Baumanniella Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 23:543 1897; Syll. Fung. 14:244 1899; cf. Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 9:174 1911. Pistillaria Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:496 1821 Pterula Fr. Syst. Orb. PI. Horn. 90 1825. Sparassis Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 :464 1821. Typhula Pers. Syn. Fung. 28 1801; Fr. Obs. Myc. 2:296 1818. C. botrytis Pers. P. macrospora Brinkm. L. furcellatum (Fr.) Lev. P. hirsuta Henn. P. inflata Pk. B. togoensis Henn. P. micrans Fr. P. multifida Fr. S. crispa (Wulf.) Fr. T. sclerotioides Fr. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Acurtis Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 337 1849; Syll. Fung. 6:691 1888; Killermann ISO. A. gigantea (Schw.) Fr. 346 AGARICALES Hirsutella Pat. Rev. Myc. 14:67 1892; Syll. Fung. 11:140 1895; cf. Speare Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 9:93 1923; Killermann 156. Matruchotia Boul. Rev. Gen. Hot 5:401 1893; Syll. Fung. 11:118 1895. H. entomophila Pat. M. varians Boul. HYDNACEAE Rep. N Y. Mus. 50:113 1896. & Ev Bull Torr . Club Asterodon Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 10:130 1894. Hydnochaete Pk. 1897; not Bres. Echinodontium Ell. 37:49 1900. Hydnofomes Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 28:267 1900; Syll. Fung. 16:177 1902. Gloeothele Bres. Ann. Myc. 18:44 1920. Grammothele B. & C. Cub. Fung. 327 1867. Grandinia Fr. Epicr. 527 1838. Hydnochaete Bres. Hedwigia 35:287 1896. Hydnum L. Sp. PI. 2:1178 1753. Hericium Pers. Comm. Clav. 28 1797. Hydnodon Banker Mycologia 5:297 1913. Irpex Fr. Elench. Fung. 1:142 1828. Lopharia Kalchb. & MacOw. Grevillea 10:58 1882. Thwaitesiella Massee Grevillea 21:2 Syll. Fung. 11:112 1895. Mucronella Fr. Hym. Eur. 629 1874. Odontia Pers. Obs. Myc. 1:88 1796. Caldesiella Sacc. Michelia 1:97 1877; Fung. 6:477 1888. Dacryobolus Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 404 Grandiniella Karst. Hedwigia 34:8 1895. Phlebia Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 :426 1821. Radulum Fr. Elench. Fung. 1:148 1828. Phaeoradulum Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 16:178 1900; Syll. Fung. 16:179 1902. Sistotrema Pers. Tent. Disp. 28 1797. 1892; Syll. 1849. A. ferruginosus Pat. H. setigera Pk. E. tinctorum E. & E. H. tsugicola Henn. G. lamellosa (Henn.) Bres. G. lineata B. & C. G. granulosa Fr. H. badia Bres. H. imbricatum L. H. echinus (Scop.) Pers. H. thelephorum (Lev.) Bank. I. lacteus Fr. L. lirellosa K. & M. T. mirabilis (B. & Br.) Mass. M. calva (A. & S.) Fr. O. fimbriata Pers. C. italica Sacc. D. uda Fr. G. livescens Karst. P. radiata Fr. R. orbiculare Fr. P. guadalupense Pat. S. confluens Pers. Genus Incertae Sedis Kordyanella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 2:273 1904. K. austriaca Hoehn. POLYPORACEAE Boletinus Kalchbr. Bot. Zeit. 25:181 1867. Boletus (Dill.) L. Sp. PI. 2:1176 1753. Boletopsis Henn. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:194 1900; Syll. Fung. 14:164 1899. Fistulinella Henn. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 30:43 1901; Syll. Fung. 17:101 1906; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 583. Leucobolites Beck Zeits. Pilzk. 2:142 1923. Leucoconius (Reichenb.) Beck Zeits. Pilzk. 2:146 1923. B. cavipes Opat. B. subtomentosus L. B. rufus (Schaeff.) Henn. F. staudti Henn. L. castaneus (Poir.) Beck L. cyanescens (Bull.) Beck POLYPORACEAE 347 Rhodobolites Beck Zeits. Pilzk. 2:147 1923. Rostkovites Karst. Rev. Myc. 3:9:16 1881. Suillus (Michel.) Karst. Bidr. Finl. Nat. Folk. 37:5 1882; Syll. Fung. 16:142 1899. Tylophilus Karst. Hattsv. 2:2 1882; Syll. Fung. 16:142 1899. Cryptoporus Shear Bull. Torr. Club. 29:450 1902; Killermann 177. Cyclomyces Kze. Linnaea 5:512, ill. 1830. Daedalea Pars. Syn. Meth. 499 1801. Elmerina Bres. Ann. Myc. 10:507 1912; for Elmeria Bres. Hedwigia 51:318 1912. Favolus Fr. Elench. Fung. 44 1828. Filoboletus Henn. Monsunia 1:146 1900; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 173, 582 1908, 1910. Fistulina Bull. Champ. 1:314 1791. Femes Fr. Nov. Symb. 59 1851. Ganoderma Karst. Rev. Myc. 3:17 1881; Syll. Fung. 9:176 1891; Killermann 192. Heterobasidium Bref. Unters. 8:154 1889. Gloeoporus Mont. Ramon Hist. Phys. Cuba 385 1842. Gyrodon Opat. Wiegm. Arch. Naturg. 1:5 1856.' Hexagonia Fr. Epicr. 496 1838. Hymenogramme Berk. & Mont. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3:329 1844; cf. Henn. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:197 1900. Laschia Mont. Fl. Chil. 7:395 1845; not Fr. 1830. Lenzites Fr. Gen. Hymen. 10 1836. Merulius (Haller) Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:326 1821. Phylloporus Quel. Fl. Myc. Fr. 49 1888. Polyporus (Michel.) Fr. Epicr. 427 1838. Laccocephalum MacAlp. & Tepper Proc. Soc. Victoria 7:166 1894; Syll. Fung. 11:87 1895. Polystictus Fr. Nov. Symb. 70 1851. Mucronoporus Ell. & Ev. Jour. Myc. 5:28 1889; Syll. Fung. 9:188 1891; Killermann 184. Poria Pers. Syn. Meth. 542 1801. Porothelium Fr. Obs. Myc. 2:272 1818. Strobilomyces Berk. Outl. 236 1860. Trametes Fr. Gen. Hymen. 11 1836. Sclerodepsis Cke. Grevillea 19:49 1890. R. roseus (Wint.) Beck R. granulatus (L.) Karst. S. castaneus (Bull.) Karst. T. felleus (Bull.) Karst. C. volvatus (Pk.) Shear C. fuscus Kze. D. unicolor (Bull.) Fr. E. cladophora (Berk.) Bres. F. europaeus Fr, F. mycenoides Henn. F. hepatica (Schaeff.) Fr. F. ofificinalis (VUl.) Fr. G. lucidum (Leys.) Karst. H. annosum Bref. G. amorphus Fr. G. lividus (Bull.) Opat. H. crinigera Fr. H. javensis B. & M. L. papulata Mont. L. betulina (L.) Fr. M. tremellosus (Schrad.) Fr. P. rhodoxanthus (Schw.) Bres. P. brumalis (Pers.) Fr. L. basilapidodes M. & T. P. versicolor (L.) Fr. M. circinatus (Fr.) E. & E. P. vaporaria Pers. P. fimbriatum (Pers.) Fr. S. strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. T. pini (Brot.) Fr. S. berkeleyi Cke. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Bresadolia Speg. ^ung. Guar. 1:15 1887; Syll. Fung. 6:388 1888; Killermann 210. Campbellia Cke. & Mass. Grevillea 18:87 1890; Syll. Fung. 9:205 1891; Killermann 210. B. paradoxa Speg. C. africana C. & M, 348 AGARICALES Rodwaya Syd. Hedwigia 40:bl.2 1901; Syll. Fung. 16:172 1902; Killermann 210. Ceriomyces Corda Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. 3:3:133, ill. 1837; Syll. Fung. 6:385 1888; Killermann 203. Henningsia Moell. Protobas. 44 1895; Syll. Fung. 14:188 1899; Killermann 210. Muciporus Juel Bih. Sven. Akad. Handl. 23:3:23, ill. 1897; Killermann 210. Mycodendrum Massee Jour. Bot. 29:1, ill. 1891; Syll. Fung. 9:206 1891; Killermann 210. Myriadoporus Pk. Bull. Torr. Club 11:27 1884; Syll. Fung. 6:384 1888; Killermann 203. Poroptyche Beck Verb. z-b. 38:657 1888 lermann 210 Theloporus Fr. Fung. 6:421 Syll. Fung. 9:206 Ges. Wien 1891; Kil- SvU. Fung. Natal. 18 1848; 1888; Killermann 204. Volvoboletus Henn. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:196 1900; Syll. Fung. 14:164 1899; Killermann 210. R. africana (C. & M.) Syd. C. albus (Corda) Sacc. H. geminella Moell. M, corticola (Fr.) Juel M. paradoxum Mass. M. adustus Pk. P. Candida Beck T. cretaceus Fr. V. volvatus Henn. AGARICACEAE Leucosporae Amanita Pers. Syn. Meth. 246 1801. Amanitopsis Roze Karsten Hattsv. 1 :6 1879. Armillaria Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:26 1821. Arrhenia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 312 1849 Campanella Henn. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:199 1900; Syll. Fung. 14:100 1899; Killermann 248. Dictyolus Quel. Enchir. 139 1886; Syll. Fung. 5:482 1887; Killermann 248. Rimbachia Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 8:159 1891; Syll. Fung. 11:32 1895; Killermann 248. Cantharellus Adanson Juss. Gen. PI. 6 1789. Clitocybe Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:78 1821. Aeruginospora Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 117:1012 1908; Syll. Killermann 246. Leucopaxillus Boursier 41:393 1925. CoUybia Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:129 1821. Heliomyces Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:2:177 Hiatula Fr. Nov. Symb. 27 1851. Hygrophorus Fr. Epicr. 320 1838. Godfrinia Maire Rev. Myc. 28:66, ill. 1906. Lactarius Fr. Epicr. 333 1838. Lactaria Pers. Tent. Disp. 63 1797. Fung. 21:46 1912; Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1844. A. A. A. A. muscaria (L.) Pers. vaginata (Bull.) Roze mellea (Vahl) Fr. cupularis (Wahl.) Fr. C. biittneri Henn. D. lobatus (Pers.) Quel. R. paradoxa Pat. C. cibarius Fr. C. infundibulis (Schaeff.) A. singularis Hoehn. Fr. L. paradoxus (C. & D.) Bour. C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. H. elegans Lev. H. benzoni Fr. H. miniatus Fr. H. conicus (Scop.) Maire L. piperatus (L.; Fr. L. piperata (L.) Pers. AGARICACEAE 349 Lactariopsis Henn. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 30:51 1901; Syll. Fung. 17:30 1906; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 587 1910. Lentinus Fr. Elench. Fung. 45 1828. Lentodiopsis Bub. Hedwigia 43:106 1904. Lentodium Morg. Jour. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist. 18:36 1895; Killermann 283. Lepiota Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 :19 1821. Chlorophyllum Massee Kew Bull. 1898:135; Syll. Fung. 21:46 1912; Killermann 247. Amanitella Maire Ann. Myc. 11:337 1913; Killermann 276. Lepidella Gilbert Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 41 :303 1925. Marasmius Fr. Epicr. yil 1838. Mycena Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 :140 1821. Eomycenella Atkin. Bot. Gaz. 34:36 1902; Syll. Fung. 17:21 1906. Gloeocephala Massee Grevillea 21 :33 1892; Syll. Fung. 11:142 1895; Killermann 151. Nyctalis Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 203 1825. Omphalia Pers. Syn. Meth. 448 1801. Panus Fr. Epicr. 396 1838. Pleurotus Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:178 1821. Russula Pers. Obs. Myc. 1:100 1796. Schizophyllum Fr. Obs. Myc. 1:103 1815. Schulzeria Bres. Schulzeria Nov. Gen. 7, ill. 1886. Chlorospora Massee Kew Bull. 1898:136; Syll. Fung. 21:46 1912; Killermann 247. Tilotus Kalchbr. Grevillea 9:137 1881. Tricholoma Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:36 1821. Trogia Fr. Epicr. 402 1838. Xerotus Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1:78 1825. L. zenkeri Henn. L. tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. L. albida Bub. L. squamulosum Morg. L. procera (Scop.) Fr. C. esculentum Mass. A. lenticularis Maire L. vittadini Gilbert M. rotula (Scop.) Fr. M. galericulata (Scop.) Fr. E. echinocephala Atkin. G. epiphylla Mass. N. asterophora Fr. O. campanella (Batsch) Pers. P. stipticus (Bull.) Fr. P. ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. R. alutacea Pers. S. commune Fr. S. rimulosa S. & B. C. eyrei Mass. T. lenzitiformis K. T. personatum Fr. T. crispa (Pers.) Fr. X. romanus Fr. Rhodosporae Annularia Schulz. Verb. z-b. Ges. Wien 16:809 186^6. Claudopus W. G. Smith Seemann's Jour. 8:215 1870. Clitopilus Fr. Epicr. 148 1836. Eccilia Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 :207 1821. Entoloma Fr. Epicr. 143 1836. Leptonia Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:201 1821. Metraria Cke. & Mass. Sacc. Syll. 9:82 1891. Nolanea Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 :204 1821. Pluteus Fr. Epicr. 140 1836. Schinzinia Fayod Verb. Bot. Brandenb. 31:227 1890. Volvaria Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:277 1821. Volvariella Speg. Fung. Arg. Nov. 118 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:70 1902; Henn. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:555 1900. A. fenzli Schulz. C. variabilis (Pers.) Smith C. primulus (Scop.) Fr. E. parkensis Fr. E. sinuatum Fr. L. euchroa (Pers.) Fr. M. insignis C. & M. N. pascua (Pers.) Fr. P. cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. S. pustulosa Fayod V. speciosa Fr. V. argentina Speg. 350 AGARICALES Ochrosporae Bolbitius Fr. Epicr. 253 1838. Cortinarius Fr. Epicr. 255 1838. Crepidotus Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:272 1821. Flammula Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:250 1821. Galera Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:264 1821. Epicorticium Velenovsky Mykologia 3:72 1926. Hebeloma Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 :249 1821. Inocybe Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 :254 1821. Locellina Gill. Champ. Fr. 428 1874. Naucoria Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:260 1821. Phaeomarasmius Scherf. Hedwigia 36:287 1897; cf. Henn. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:241 1900; Ann. Myc. 13:58 1915. Paxillus Fr. Gen. Hymen. 8 1836. Pholiota Fr. Syst. Myc. 1 :240 1821. Pholiotella Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 11:412 1889; Killermann 227. Rozites (Karst.) Singer Ann. Myc. 20:299, ill. 1922; Killermann 229. Pluteolus Fr. Hymen. Eur. 966 1874. Tubaria W. G. Smith Seemann's Jour. 8:219 1870. B. titubans (Bull.) Fr. C. violaceus (L.) Fr. C. mollis (Schaeff.) Fr. F. flavida (Schaeff.) Fr. G. tenera (Schaeff.) Fr. E. sulcatum Velen. H. fastibile (Pers.) Fr. I. hystrix Fr. L. acetabulosa (Sow.) Sacc. N. semorbicularis (Bull.) Fr. P. rimulicola (Lasch) Scherf. P. involutus (Batsch) Fr. P. praecox (Pers.) Fr. P. blattariopsis Speg. R. caperata (Pers.) Karst. P. reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. T. furfuracea (Pers.) Smith Melanosporae Agaricus L. Sp. PI. 2:1171 1753. Micropsalliota Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 123:79 1914; Killermann 240. Psalliota Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:280 1821. Anellaria Karst. Hattsv. 1:518 1879. Anthracopyhyllum Ces. Grevillea 1880; cf. Killermann 256. Chitonia Fr. Hymen. Eur. 277 1874. Clarkeinda O.K. Rev. Gen. PI. 1:848 Syll. Fung. 16:112 1902. Chitoniella Henn. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:240 1900. Tent. Disp. 62 1797. Seemann's Jour. 8:221 9:137 1891; Coprinus Pers Deconica W. G Smith 1870. Gomphidius Fr. Hypholoma Fr. Montagnites Fr Panaeolus ]"r. Epicr. 319 1838. Syst. Myc.l:287 1821. Epicr. 240 1838. Epicr. 234 1836. Copelandia Bres. Hedwigia 53:51 1912; Killermann 235. Pilosace Fr. Nov. Symb. Myc. 9 1851. Psathyra Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:295 1821. Psathyrella Fr. Epicr. 237 1836. Psilocybe Fr. Syst. Myc. 1:289 1821. Stropharia Fr. Mon. Hymen. 1:408 1863. A. campestris L. M. minima (Rick.) Hoehn. P. campestris (L.) Fr. A. separata (L.) Karst. A. nigrita (Lev.) Kalchbr. C. rubriceps C. & M. C. rubriceps (C. & M.) Rea C. poderes (B. & Br.) Henn. C. comatus Fr. D. buUacea (Bull.) Smith G. viscidus (L.) Fr. H. appendiculatum (Bull.) Fr. M. candoUei Fr. P. campanulatus (L.) Fr. C. papilionacea (Bull.) Bres. P. tricholepis Fr. P. corrugis (Pers.) Fr. P. disseminata (Pers.) Fr. P. merdaria Fr. S. aeruginosa (Curt.) Fr. PHALLACEAE 351 Catathelasma Lovejoy Bot. Gaz. 50:383 1910. Clavulinopsis Overeem Bull. Jard. Buitenz. 3:5:278, ill. 1923. Coprinopsis Beeli Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 61 :98, ill. 1928. Cymatella Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 15:193 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:49 1902; cf. Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 119:887 1910; Killer- mann 259, 283. Discocyphella Henn. Monsunia 1:141 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:202 1902; cf. Pat. Essai Tax. 147 1900; Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 119:887 1910; Killermann 283. Hemigaster Juel Sver. Vet. Akad. Handl. 21:111 1895; Syll. Fung. 11:173 1895; Killermann 283. Marasmiopsis Henn. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:230 1900. Oudemansiella Speg. Fung. Arg. 4:11 1882; Syll. Fung. 5:653 1887; 21:127 1912; cf. Hoehn. Frag Myk. 170. 585 1910; Killer- mann 283. Phaeolimacium Henn. Monsunia 1:14 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:110 1902; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 584 1910; Killermann 283. Phaeohygrocybe Henn. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 30:50 1901; Syll. Fung. 17:81 1906. Phlebophora Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:16:238 1841; Syll. Fung. 16:215 1902; Killermann 283. Pterophyllus Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:2:178 1844; Syll. Fung. 5:654 1887; Killermann 283. Rhacophyllus Berk. Jour. Linn. Soc. 11:559 1871; Syll. Fung. 5:654 1887; Killermann 283. Rhodocybe Maire Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 40:299, ill. 1926. Rhodopaxillus Maire Ann. Myc. 11:338 1913. Rhodotus Maire Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 40:308 1926. Stylobates Fr. Afz. Fung. Guin. 5 1837; Syll. Fung 5:502 1887; Killermann 252. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia C. evanescens Lovejoy C. sulcata Overeem C. ealaensis Beeli C. minima Pat. D. marasmoides Henn. H. candidus Juel M. subannulatus (Trog) Henn. O. platensis Speg. P. bulbosum Henn. P. zenkeri Henn. P. rugilosa Lev. P. bovei Lev. R. lilacinus B. & Br. R. caelata (Fr.) Maire R. panaeolus Maire R. palmatus (Fr. & Bull.) Maire S. paradoxus Fr. LYCOPERDALES PHALLACEAE Anthurus Kalchbr. Grevillea 9:2 1880. Aporophallus Moell. Bras. Pilzblum. 68, 147 1895. Aseroe LaBill. Rel. Voy. Rech. 1799:145. Blumenavia Moell. Bras. Pilzblum. 57, 146 1895. A. muellerianus Kalchbr. A. subtilis Moell. A. rubra LaBill. B. rhacodes Moell. 352 LYCOPERDALES Calathiscus Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:16:278 1841. Clathrella Fisch. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1 :284 1900. Clathrus Alichel. L. Sp. PI. 2:1179 1753. Colus Cav. & Sech. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:3:251 1835. Cryptophallus Pk. Bull. Torn Club 34:147 1897. Dictyobole Atkin. Bot. Gaz. 34:43, ill. 1902. Dictyophora Desv. Jour, de Bot. 2:92 1809. Echinophallus Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 25:505 1898. Ileodictyum Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:2:114 1844. Kalchbrennera Berk. Gard. Chron. 5:785, ill. 1876; Hedwigia 15:115 1876. Lysurus Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:285 1823. Mycopharus Fetch Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 10:281 1925. Mutinus Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 2:434 1849. Floccomutinus Henn. Engler Jahrb. 22:109 1895; Syll. Fung. 14:254 1899; Fischer 555. Jansia Penz. Ann. Jard. Buitenz. 16:139 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:226 1902. Staheliomyces Fisch. Mitt. Ges. Bern 1920:142,111. 1921. Phallus Michel. L. Sp. PI. 2:1178 1753. Ithyphallus Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:283 1823. , Albofiella Speg. Fung. Arg. Nov. 183 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:227 1902. Itajahya Moell. Bras. Pilzblum. 79, 148 1895. Simblum Klotzsch Hooker Bot. Misc. 2:164, ill. 1831. C. sepia Mont. C. pusilla (Berk.) Fisch. C, cancellatus Tourn. C. hirudinosus C. & S. C. albipes Pk. D. texensis Atkin. & Long D. phalloidea Desv. E. lauterbachi Henn. I. cibarium Tul. K. corallocephala (W. & C.) Fisch. L. mokusin (Cib.) Fr. M. gardneri (Berk.) Fetch M. caninus (Huds.) Fr. F. zenkeri Henn. J. elegans Penz. S. cinctus Fisch. P. impudicus L. I. impudicus (L.) Fr. A. argentina Speg. I. galericulata Moell. S. periphragmoides Klotzsch Genus Incertae Sedis Claustula Curtis Ann. Bot. 40:476, ill. 1926. C. fischeri Curtis LYCOPERDACEAE Astraeus Morg. Jour. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist. 12:19, ill. 1889. Battarrea Pers. Syn. Fung. 129 1801. Battarreopsis Henn. Hedwigia 41:212, ill. 1902. Bovista Pers. Tent. Disp. 6 1797. Arachniopsis Long Mycologia 9:272 1917. Bovistella Morg. Jour. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist. 14:141, ill. 1892. Broomeia Berk. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3:193 1844; Syll. Fung. 7:92 1888; cf. Fischer 324. Calvatia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 442 1849. Catastoma Morg. Jour. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist. 14:142, ill. 1892. A. stellatus (Scop.) Morg. B. phalloides (Dicks.) Pers. B. artini Henn. B. plumbea Pers. A. albicans Long. B. ohiensis Ell. & Morg. B. congregata Berk. C. craniiformis (Schw.) Fr. C. circumscissum (B. & C.) Morg. LYCOPERDACEAE 353 Cauloglossum Grev. Fr. Syst. AIyc.3f60 1829. Chaenoderma Massee Grevillea 19:46 1890. Corditubera Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 23:557, ill. 1897. Hoehnelogaster Lohvvag Beih. Bot. Cent. 42:2:325 1926. Dictyocephalus Underwood Bull. Torr. Club 28:441, ill. 1901. Geaster (Michel.) Fr. Syst. Myc. 3.8 1829. Geasteroides Long Mycologia 9:271 19)7. Geasteropsis Hollos Kul. Nov. Kozl. 2:2 1903; Syll. Fung. 17:229 1906. Globaria Quel. Champ. Jura & Vosges 2:370 1873. Gyrophragmium Alont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:20:77 1843. Lycogalopsis Fiscli. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 4:193, ill. 1886; Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:312 1900; cf. Syll. Fung. 7:153 1888. Lycoperdum (Tourn.) L. Sp. PI. 2:1183 1753. Macowanites Kalchbr. Gard. Chron. 5:785 1876; Hedwigia 15:115, ill. 1876. Mitromyces Nees Syst. Pilz. 136 1817. Calostoma Desv. Jour, de Bot. 2:94 1809. Husseya Berk. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6:508 1847; Syll. Fung. 7:67 1888. Mycenastrum Desv. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:17:143 1842. Pila Speg. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 25:77 1923. Phellorina Berk. Lond. Jour. Bot. 2:521, ill. 1843. Xylopodium Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:4:364 1843; Syll. Fung. 7:143 1888; cf. Fischer 334. Pisolithus A. & S. Consp. Fung. 82, ill. 1805. Polysaccum DC. Fl. Fr. 5:103 1815; Syll. Fung. 7:146 1888. Podaxon Fr. Syst. Myc. 3:62 1829. Polyplocium Berk. Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 2:202 1843. Queletia Fr. Ofver. Sv. Akad. Forh. 1871:171, ill. 1872. Sclerangium Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:P:130 1848. Stella Massee Jour. Myc. 5:185, ill. 1889; Syll. Fung. 9:272 1891. Scleroderma Pers. Syn. Fung. 150, ill. 1801. Areolaria Forq. Champ. Super. 155, ill. 1886; Syll. Fung. 7:144 1888. Caloderma Petri Malpighia 14:136 1900. Pompholyx Corda Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. 3:3:47, ill. 1841; Syll. Fung. 7:180 1888. Secotium Kze. Flora 23:321 1840. Elasmomyces Cav. Alalpighia 11:426, ill. 1897; Syll. Fung. 14:258 1899. C. transversarium (Bosc) Fr. C. drummondi Mass. C. staudti Henn. H. microspora (Hoehn.) Lohwag D. curvatus Underw. G. pectinatus Pers. G. texensis Long G. conrathi Hollos G. furfuracea (Schaeff.) Quel. G. delilei Mont. L. solmsi Fisch. L. gemmatum Batsch M. agaricinus Kalchbr. M. lutescens Schw. C. cinnabarinum Desv. H. insignis Berk. M. corium Desv. P. fragilis (Lev.) Speg. P. inquinans Berk. X. delestrei D. & M. P. arenarius A. & S. P. crassipes DC. P. carcinomalis (L.) Fr. P. inquinans Berk. Q. mirabilis Fr. S. polyrhizum (Gmel.) Lev. S. americana Mass. S. verrucosum (Bull.) Pers. A. tabellata (Kalch.) Forq. C. echinatum Petri P. sapida Corda S. erythrocephalum Tul. E. mattiroleanus Cav. 354 LYCOPERDALES Sphaericeps Welw. & Curr 26:290 1867. Tylostoma Pers. Syn. Fung. 139 Chlamydopus Speg. An. Mus 1898; Syll. Fung. 16:234 1902 Trans. Linn. Soc. 1801. Nac. 6:189 S. lignipcs W. & C. T. mammosum (Mich.) Pers. C. clavatus Speg. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. Syll. Fung. 7:152 1888; Abstoma Cunningham Trans. Proc. N. Z. Inst. 57^ 206, ill. 1927. Anixia Fr. Nov. Fl. Suec. 80 1819. Arachnium Schw. Syn. Fung. Carol, n. 14, ill. 1822; Syll. Fung. 7:150 1888; cf. Fischer 339. Boletogaster Lohwag Beih. Bot. Cent. 42:2:274 1926. Bovistoides Lloyd Myc. Notes 61 :883 1919. Castoreum Cke. & Mass. Grevillea 15:100 1887; Syll. Fung. 7:142 1888; cf. Fischer 338. Ciliciocarpus Corda 3:3:5, ill. 1831; cf. Fischer 339. Clavogaster Henn. Hedwigia 35:303 1896; Syll. Fung. 14:266 1899; cf, Fischer 299; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 594 1910. Coelomyces B. & C. Jour. Acad. Nat. Hist. Phil. 2:2:279 1853; Syll. Fung. 7:94 1888; cf. Fischer 321. Cycloderma Klotzsch Linnaea 7:203 1832; Syll. Fung. 7:56 1888; cf. Fischer 341. Cyphellomyces Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:9:25, ill. 1908. Diplocystis B. & C. Jour. Linn. Soc. 10:344 1869; Syll. Fung. 7:92 1888; cf. Fischer 324. Diploderma Link Diss. 2:44 1816; Syll. Fung. 7:92 1888; cf. Fischer 342. Disciseda Czern. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 18:2:153 1845; Syll. Fung. 7:92 1888; cf. Fischer 323. Favillea Fr. Fung. Natal. 32 1848; Syll. Fung. 7:146 1888; cf. Fischer 339. Gastroboletus Lohwag Beih. Bot. Cent. 42:2:273 1926. Hippoperdum Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:17:121 1842. Lanopila Fr. Fung. Fung. 7:95 1888: Lasiosphaera Reich. 1:135 1870. Eriosphaera Reich, not DC. 1828. Natal. 31 1848; Syll. cf. Fischer 323. Reise Freg. Novara Bot. Sacc. Syll. 7:96 1888; A. purpureum (Lloyd) Cunn. A. difformis Fr. A. album Schw. (no species given) B. simplex Lloyd C. radicatum C. & M. C. hypogaeus Corda C. novozelandicus Henn. C. schweinitzi B. & C. C. indicum Klotzsch C. argentinensis Speg. D. wrighti B. & C. D. tuberosum Lk. D. coUabescens Czern. F. argillacea Fr. (no species given) H. crucibulum Mont. L. wahlbergi Fr. L. fenzli Reich. E. fenzli Reich. HYMENOGASTRACEAE 355 Lycoperdellon Torrend Broteria 11:92 1913. Lycoperdopsis Henn. Monsunia 1:158 1899; Syll. Fung. 16:242 1902; cf. Fischer 557. Nepotatus Lloyd Myc. Notes 75:1355, ill. 1925. Paurocotylis Berk. Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. 2:188, ill. 1855; Syll. Fung. 7:152 1888; cf. Fischer 313. Pirogaster Henn. Hedwigia 40:b27, ill. 1901; Syll. Fung. 16:256 1902; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 593 1910. Polygaster Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:295 1823; Syll. Fung. 7:146 1888; cf. Fischer 339. Scoleciocarpus Berk. Lond. Jour. Bot. 2:520 1843; Syll. Fung. 7:151 1888; cf. Fischer 338. Tremellogaster Fisch. Mitt. Nat. Ges. Bern 1923:55, ill. 1924. Trichaster Czern. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 18:2:149 1845; Syll. Fung. 7:93 1888; cf. Fischer 322. L. torrendi (Bres.) Torr, L. arcyrioides Henn. & Nym. N. stellatus Lloyd P. pila Berk. P. fleischerianus Henn. P. sampadarius (Rumph.) Fr. S. tener Berk. T. surinamensis Fisch. T. melanocephalus Czern. HYMENOGASTRACEAE Arcangeliella Cav. Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 7:126 1900. Chamonixia Roll. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 15:76 1899. Clathrogaster Petri Malpighia 14:125 1900. Dendrogaster Bucholtz Beitr. Hypog. 148, ill. 1902. Gautieria Vittad. Mon. Tuber. 25 1831. Gymnoglossum Massee Grevillea 19:97 1891. Hydnangium Wallr. Dietr. Fl. Boruss. 7:465, ill. 1839. Hymenogaster Vittad. Mon. Tuber. 20 1831. Hysterangium Vittad. Mon. Tuber. 13 1831. Leucogaster Hesse Pringsh. Jahrb. 13:191, ill. 1882. Martellia Mattir. Malpighia 14:78 1900. Melanogaster Corda Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. 3:3:1, ill. 1831. Octaviana Vittad. Mon. Tuber. 15 1831. Phallogaster Morg. Jour. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist. 15:171, ill. 1893. Protoglossum Massee Grevillea 19:97 1891. Protubera Moell. Bras. Pilzblum. 10, J45, ill. 1895. Rhizopogon Fr. Symb. Gaster. 5 1818. Sclerogaster Hesse Hypog. Deut. 1:84 1891. Torrendia Bres. Att. Accad. Rover. 3:8:132, ill. 1902. A. borziana Cav. C. caespitosa Roll. C. vulvarius Petri D. connectens Buch. G. morchelliformis Vittad. G. stipitatum Mass. H. carneum Wallr. H. citrinus Vittad. H. clathroides Vittad. L. floccosus Hesse M. mistiformis Mattir. M. variegatus (Vittad.) Tul. O. asterosperma Vittad. P. saccatus Morg. P. luteum Mass. P. maracuja Moell. R. luteolus Fr. S. lanatus Hesse T. pulchella Bres. 356 LYCOPERDALES NIDULARIACEAE Crucibulum Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:1 :89 1844. C. vulgare Tul. Cyathus Hall. Hist. Stirp. Helv. 3:127 1768. Nidula White Bull. Torr. Club 29:271, ill. 1902. Nidularia Bull. Herb. Fr. PI. 488 1780. Sphaerobolus Tode Fung. Meckl. 1:43 1790. C. striatus (Huds.) Hoffm. N. Candida (Pk.) White N. farcta (Roth) Fr. S. stellatus Tode Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Chondrogaster Maire Bull. See. Myc. Fr. 40:312, ill. 1926. Glischroderma Fkl. Symb. Myc. 34 1869; Syll. Fung. 7:153 1888; cf. Fischer 313. Gymnomyces Mass. & Rodw. Kew Bull. 1898:125; Syll. Fung. 16:249 1902. Jaczewskia Mattir. Mem. Accad. Torino 2:63:214, ill. 1913. Kupsura Lloyd Myc. Notes 7:1303 1924. Leucophleps Harkn. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1889:257; Syll. Fung. 16:251 1902. Neosaccardia Mattir. Att. Accad. Torino 56:32, ill. 1921. Nigropogon Coker & Couch Gasteromycetes 2,7 1928. Phallobata Cunningham Trans. Proc. N. Z. Inst. 56:73, ill. 1926. Stephanospora Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 30:349 1914. C. pachysporus Maire G. cinctum Fkl. G. pallidas M. & R. J. phalloides Mattir. K. sphaerocephala Lloyd L. magnata Harkn. N. echinata (Sacc. & Paol.) Mattir. N. asterosporus C. & C. P. alba Cunn, S. carotaecolor (B. & Br.) Pat. PHOMALES PHOMACEAE Hyalosporae Anthracoderma Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 11:286 1887. Aposphaeria Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. 315 A. hookeri Speg. Outl. Brit 1860; Sacc. Michelia 2:4 1880. A. Asbolisia Speg. Physis 4:293 1918. A. Exophoma Weedon Mycologia 18:221, ill. 1926. Ascochytopsis Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 38:117 1905. A. Asteroma DC. Flor. Fr. 6:162 1815. A. Haplosporidium Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 23:106 1912. H. Asteromella Pass. & Thuem. Myc. Univ. n. 1689 1880. A. Stictochorella Hoehn. Verb. z-b. Ges. Wien 68:117 1918. S. Bothrodiscus Shear Bull. Torn Club 34:312 1907. B. Botryophoma Karst. Hedwigia 23:62 1884. B. Sclerodothiorella Died. Kryptfl. Mark Brand. 9:299 1912; Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 969. Ceratophoma Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:276 1917. C. Ceuthospora Fr., em. Greville Scot. Crypt. Flor. 5:253, ill. 1827. C. Siroplaconema Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:331 1922; lb. 22:108 1924. S. Chaetasbolisia Speg. Physis 4:293 1918. C. Chaetocytostroma Petr. Ann. Myc. 17:91 1919. C. Chaetophoma Cke. Grevillea 3:25 1874. C. Chaetophomella Speg. Physis 4:291 1918. C. Chaetosphaeronema Moesz Bot. Koezlem. 14:152 1915. Chondropodiella Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:281 1917. C. Cicinnobolus Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 11:16 1853. C. Byssocystis Riess Hedwigia 1 :23, ill. 1853. B. Ciliochora Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 37:159 1919. C. Ciliophora Petr. Ann. Myc. 27:71 1929. C. Clypeochorella Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:236 1923. C. Coleophoma Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Techn. Hochsch. Wien 2:76 1925. C. Conostroma Moesz. Bot. Koezlem. 19:44, ill. 1920-21. C. 357 complanata (Fr.) Berk, ampullula (Speg.; Sacc. E. magnoliae Weedon vignae Henn. phyteumae DC. heliettae Speg. ovata Thuem. heraclei Hoehn. pinicola Shear populicola Karst. rostrata (Fkl.) Hoehn. phacidioides Grev. moravica Petr. erysiphoides (G. & M.) Speg. arundinacea Petr. quercifolia Cke. asterinarum (Speg.) Sacc. C. hispidulum (Corda) Moesz. clethrincola (Ell.) Hoehn, cesati De Bary textilis Riess longiseta (Rac.) Hoehn. cryptica Petr. orientalis Petr. crateriformis (D. & M.) Hoehn. didymium (F. & R.) Moesz. 358 PHOMALES Cornucopiella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:118 1915. Cyclodomus Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:1527 1909. Cytospora Ehrenb. Syl. Berol. 28 1818. Lamyella Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 410 1849. Leucocytospora Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:130 1918; of. Petr. lb. 19:128 1921. Cytosporella Sacc. Michelia 2:100 1880. Dasysticta Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 23:108 1912. Dasystictella Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 37:114 1919. Dendrodomus Bubak Bot. Koezlem. 14:63, ill. 1915. Dendrophoma Sacc. Michelia 2:4 1880. Diachorella Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Impf. n. 247 1923. Dothichiza Lib. em. Sacc. & Roum. Rel. Lib. 1 :627 1880. Parasclerophoma Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:53 1924. Sclerophoma Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien. 118:1234 1909; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:99 1924. Dothiorella Sacc. Micheh'a 2:5 1880. Dothiorellina Bubak Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 29:72 1911. Endothiella Sacc. Ann. Myc. 4:273 1906. Epheliopsis Henn. Hedwigia 47:270 1908. Calopactis Syd. Ann. Myc. 10:82, ill. 1912. Fusicoccum Corda Sturm Crypt. Flor. f. 52 1829; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:99 1880. Gamosporella Speg. Fung. Guar. 2 n. 165. 1888. Glutinium Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 46 1849; em. Starb. Stud. 58 1894. Malacodermis Bub. & Kab. Hedwigia 62:344 1912; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 360 1923. Hapalosphaeria Syd. Ann. Myc. 6:305, ill. 1908. Hypodermina Hoehn. Frag. Myc. 962 1916. Mazzantiella Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Techn. Hochsch. Wien 2:61 1925; Syst. Fung. Imp. n. 275 1923. Lasiophoma Speg. Physis 4:290 1918. Lasiostroma Griff. & Maubl. Ann. Inst. Agron. 2:10:99 1911. Leptoxyphium Speg. Physis 4:294 1918. Lichenophoma Keissler Hedwigia 50:296 1911. Lichenosticta Zopf. Nov. Act. Leop. 70:263, ill. 1898. C. mirabilis Hoehn. C. umbellulariae Hoehn. C. leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc. L. sphaerocephala (Schw.) Fr. (no species given) C. sycina Sacc. D. sapindophila Speg. D. sphaerospora (S. & T.) Hoehn. D. D. D. P. S. D. D. E. E. C. annulatus Bubak pleurospora Sacc. (no species given) popul^a Sacc. & Br. quercus (Lamb.) Petr. endogenospora (Sacc.) Hoehn. gregaria Sacc. tankoffi Bubak gyrosa Sacc. turnerae Henn. sing^laris Syd. F. aesculi Corda G. hysterioides Speg. G. levatum (Fr.) Starb. M. aspera (Lev.) B. & K. H. deformans Syd. H. nervisequia (Lk.) Hoehn. M. sepium (Brunaud) Hoehn. L. allicola (Tassi) Sacc. L. pirorum G. & M. L. graminum (Pat.) Sacc. L. haematommatis Keissler L. podeticola Zopf PHOMACEAE 359 Ligniella Nauniov Mat. Mik. Fitop. 5:5, ill. 1926. L- atrata Naumov Mycosticta Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:36 1918. M. ovalis (Pass.) Hoehn. Myrioconium Syd. Ann. Myc. 10:449 1912. M. scirpi Syd. Neophoma Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fedde 42:265 1927. N. graminella (Sacc.) P. & S. Pilidiella Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fedde 42:462 1927. P. quercicola (Oud.) Petr. Neottiospora Dcsm. Not. Crypt. 10:12 1843. N. caricum Desm. Peckia Clinton Rep. N. Y. Mus. 29:47, ill. 1878. P- sarraceniae Pk. & C. Phellostroma Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 9:185, ill. 1914. P. hypoxyloides Syd. Phoma Fr., em Desm. Not. Crypt. 13:6 1846; Sacc. Michelia 2:4 1880. P. herbarum West. Allantophomopsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:103 1925. A. cytisporea (Fr.) Petr. Bakerophoma Died. Ann. Myc. 14:62 1916. B. sacchari Died. Leptophoma Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:73 1915. L. acuta Hoehn. Macrophomella Died. Ann. Myc. 14:63 1916. M. pandani Died. Macrophomina Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:314 1923. M. philippinensis Petr, Macroplodiella Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 10:134 1909. , M. maticola Speg. Phomopsina Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:142 1922* P. lamii Petr. Trematophoma Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:152 1924. T. iignicola Petr. Phomachora Petr. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:236 1925. P. lucida (B. & C.) P. & S. Phomopsis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:264 1906. P. oncostoma (Theiss.) Hoehn. Clieistophoma Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fedde 42:294 1927. C. suberis (P. & D.) P. & S. Haplolepis Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:411 1925. H. polyadelpha Syd. Leucophomopsis Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 35:255 1917. L. inclusa Hoehn. Macrophomopsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:108 1924. M. coronillae (Desm.) Petr. Myxolibertella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 1:526 1903. M. aceris Hoehn. Phaeophomopsis Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Techn. Hochsch. Wien 2:80 1925. P. hederae (Desm.) Hoehn. Pseudophomopsis Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Techn. Hochsch. Wien 3:28 1926. P. betulina (S. & R.) Hoehn. Phomyces Clem.; Chaetophoma fungicola. P. meliolicola (Speg.) Clem. Phyllosticta Pers. Fr. Syst. Myc. 2:257 1821- 22. P. convallariae Pers. Phyllostictina Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:185 1916. P. murrayae Syd. Stictochorellina Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:337 1922. S. carpatica Petr. Placonema (Sacc.) Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:60 1921. P. bambusacearum (S. & S.) Petr. Placophomopsis Grove. Jour. Bot. 59:315 1921. P. heveae Grove. 360 PHOMALES 59:257 1917. Akad. Wien. Sitzb. Placosphaeria Sacc. Michelia 2:115 1880. Plectonaemella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:81 1915. Plectophoma Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 116:639 1907. Plectophomopsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:326 1922. Ludwigiella Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:319 1922. Plectosira Petr. Ann. Alyc. 27:398 1929. Plenodomus Preuss Sturm Deut. Flor. 3:6:143 1862; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:100 1924. Rhizosphaerella Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:254 1917. Sclerophomella Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:237 1917. Pleuronaema Hoehn. Hedwigia Pleurophoma Hoehn. Sitzb. 123:117 1914. Pleurophomella Hoehn 123:123 1914. Pleurophomopsis Petr 1924. Pleuroplaconema Petr. Ann. Myc. 21 :300 1923. Pleurostromella Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:336 1922. Podoplaconema Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:^3 Podoxyphium Speg. Physis 4:294 1918 Pseudophoma Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. 125:74 1916; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 1924. Pycnis Brefeld Bot. Unters. 4:122, ill. Pyrenochaeta DeN. Micr. Ital. 5:15, ill. Herpotrichiopsis Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 123:115 1914. Pyrenochaetella Karst. Hedwigia 1885. Pyrenochaetina Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:94 cf. Hoehn. Hedwigia 60:132 1918; Ann. Myk. 22:100 1924. Rabenhorstia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 410 Rhizophoma Petr. & Syd. 42:472 1927. Rhizosphaera Mang. & Har Fr. 23:56, ill. 1907. Ectosticta Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 23:107 1912. Sclerochaeta Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:239 1917; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:101 1924. Scleromeris Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:419 1926. SclerotLopsis Speg. Fung. Arg. 4:282 1880. Sclerophomina Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:240 1917. Selenophoma Maire Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 53:87 1906. Sirococcus Preuss Fung. Hovers, n. 306, 716 1854. Akad. Wien Ann. Myc. 22:156. 1921. Wien 22:99 1881. 1845. 24:74 1916; Petr. 1849. Beih. Rep. Fedde Bull. Soc. Mvc. P. sedi Sacc. P. fuckeliana (Sacc.) Hoehn. P. umbelliferarum Hoehn. P. rivularis Petr. L. asterina (B. & Br.) Petr. P. adeana Petr. P. rabenhorsti Preuss R. lentisci (D. & M.) Hoehn. S. complanata (Desm.) Hoehn. P. procumbens (Fkl.) Hoehn. P. pleurospora (Sacc.) Hoehn. P. eumorpha (P. & S.) Hoehn. P. salicicola Petr. P. sambuci Petr. P. ulmicola Petr. P. melaenum (Fr.) Petr. P. trichothecium Speg. P. dictamni (Fkl.) Hoehn. P. sclerotivora Bref. P. nobilis DeN. H. callimorpha Hoehn. P. complanata Karst. P. obtegens Syd. R. tiliae Fr. R. pini (Desm.) P. & S. R. abietis M. & H. E. bignonicola Speg. S. penicillata (Fkl.) Hoehn. S. guazumae Syd, S. australasica Speg. S. elymi (Died.) Hoehn. S. catananches Maire S. strobilinus Preuss PHOMACEAE 361 Sirodothis Clem. Gen. Fung. 123, 176 1909; Minn. Bot. Studies 4:185, ill. 1911. Sirolegniella Naumov Mat. Mik. Fitop. 5:7, ill. 1926. Sirophoma Hoclin. Hed\vit;ia 59:257 1917. Sirosperma Syd. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54:258, ill. 1916. Sirosphaera Syd. Phil. Tour. Sci. 8:502, ill. 191.^. Sirostromella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wicn 125:78 1916. Sphaeronema (Fr.) Jacz. Obs. Myc. 1:187 1815; cm. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 15:280 1898. Eleutheromyces Fkl. Symb. Myc. 183 1869. Sphaerophoma Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:76 1924. Staurochaeta Sacc. F"ung. Venet. 4:40 1875. Staurophoma Hoehn. Denk. Akad. Wien 83:34, ill. 1907. Strasseria Bres. & Sacc. Verb. z-b. Ges. Wien 436 1902; cf. Hoehnel Frag. Myk. 944 1916. Plagiorhabdus Slicar Bull, Torn Club. 34:310 1907. Tiarosporella Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Techn. Hochsch. Wien 1:83 1924. Trichocicinnus (Sacc.) Hoehn. lb. 3:115 1926. Trichophila Oud. Hedwigia 28:361 1889. Trigonosporium Tassi Bull. Lab. Ort. Bot. Siena 90 1900. Phaeosporae Asteropsis Frag. Trab. Madrid Mus. Cienc. 12:50 1917. Botrysphaeris Petr. Hedwigia 62:302 1921; for Botryosphaerostroma. Coniothyriopsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 21 :5 1923; not Speg. 1911. Capnodiastrum Speg. Fung. Guar. 1:145 1883. Chaetomella Fkl. Symb. Myc. 402 1869. Cicinnobella Henn. Fung. Amaz. 3:386 1904 Cladochaete Sacc. Ann. Myc. 10:318 1912. Coniella Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Tcclin. Hochscli. Wien 2:1 1925. Baeumleria Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fcddc 42:268 1927. Phaeophomopsis Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Teclin. Hochsch. Wien 2:81 1925. Coniothyrina Syd. Ann. Myc. 10:233 1912; for Coniothyrella Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:360 1911; not 1889; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:3 1925. S. populi Clem. S. salicicola Naumov S. singularis Hoehn. S. hypocrellae Syd. S. botryosa Syd. S. populi (Jaap) Hoehn. S. aquaticum Jacq. E. subulatus (Tode) Fkl S. brencklei Petr. S. minima Sacc. S. panici Hoehn. S. carpophila B. & S. P. crataegi Shear T. paludosa (S. & F.) Hoehn. T. erysiphoides (Sacc.) Hoehn. T. myrmecophagae Oud. T. australiense Tassi A. epidendri Frag. B. quercina Petr. C. insitiva (Sacc.) Petr. C. guaraniticum Speg. C. atra Fkl. C. parodiellae Henn. C. setosa (Wint.) Sacc. C. pulchella Hoehn. B. nothofagi (Henn.) P. & S. P. hederae (Desm.) Hoehn. C. agavicola (Speg.) Syd, C. agavicola Speg. 362 PHOMALES An. Mus. Nac. 13:361 SyU. Fung. 1923. 1923. Bot. Myc. Conithyriopsis Speg 1911. Chaetosphaeropsis Czi. & Bni. Att. 1st. Pavia 3:3:180, ill. 1927. Coniothyrium Corda, em. Sacc 3:305 1884. Coniothyrinula Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:2 Cyclothyrium Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:5 Dothisphaeropsis Hochn. Ber. Deut Ges. 36:214 1918; cf. Petr. Ann. 21:6 1923. Microsphaeropsis Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:267 1917; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:6 1923. Sclerosphaeropsis Bub. Ann. Nat. Hofm. Wien 28:209 1914. Sclerothyrium Hoehn 1918. Cryptophaeella Hoehn. 126:360 1917. Cytoplea Bizz. & Sacc. 401 1885. Cytosphaera Died. Ann. Myc. 14:205 Hedwigia 60:181 Sitz. Akad Flor. Venet. Wien Critt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 1916. 15:84 Endocalyx B. & Br. 1876. Epistigme Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:431 1924. Haplosporella Speg. Fung. Arg. 3:34 1880. Epicyta Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:413 1926. Micrcsporella Hoehn. Hedwigia 60:146 1918; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:5 1923. Lasmeniella Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fedde 42:301 1927. Lichenoconium Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fedde 42:432 1927. Melanconiopsis Ell. & Ev. Bull. Torr. Club 27:575 1900. Ann. Myc. 21:5 1923. Icon. Fung. 5:30, 74, ill. Cyclothyrium Petr. Microthecium Corda 1842. Naemosphaera Sacc. SyU. Fung. 3:198 1884, as subg.; Karst. Sphaer. Fenn. 68 1890. Naemosphaerella Hoehn. Petr. & Syd. Gatt. Pyren. 3:478 1927. Polyopeus Home Jour. Bot. 58:239 1920. Oothecium Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:519 1919. Phaeocytostroma Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:45 1921. Phaeodomus Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:1529 1909; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:5 1925. Placodiplodia Bub. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 34:305 1916. Pleosphaeropsis Died Ann. Myc. 14:203, ill. 1916. C. hualaniae Speg. C. truncata C. & B. C. fuckeli Sacc. C. carpatica Petr. C. ulmigenum (Berk.) Petr. D. hellebori Hoehn. M. olivaceus (Bon.) Hoehn. S. heldreichiae Bub. S. tamarisci (Mont.) Hoehn. C. heteropatellae Hoehn. C. arundinicola B. & S. C. mangiferae Died. E. thwaitesi B. & Br. E. nidulans Syd. H. chlorostroma Speg. E. 'ampliata Syd. M. pityophila Hoehn. L. guaranitica (Speg.) P. & S. L. lichenicolum (Karst.) P. & S. M. inquinans Ell. & Ev. C. ulmigenum (Berk.) Petr. M. zobeli Corda N. magnoliae (Pk.) Sacc. N. ceratophora (Speg.) P. & S. P. purpureus Home O. megalosporum Speg. P. istricum Petr. P. lauracearum Hoehn. P. copelandi Bub. P. dalbergiae Died. PHOMACEAE 363 Pseudohaplis Speg. An. Sci. Arg. 90:182, ill. 1920; for Pseudohaplosporella. P. aurantiorum Speg. Pseudothiopsella Petr. Hedwigia 68:259 1928. P. hirtella Petr. Pycnodothis Stev. 111. Biol. Mon. 8:198, ill. 1923. P. tetracerae Stev. Metabotryum Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:412 1926. M. connatum Syd. Readeriella Syd. Ann. Myc. 6:484 1908. R. mirabilis Syd. Sirothecium Karst. Medd. Soc. Fenn. 14:105 1887. S. lagenarium Karst. Sphaeropsis Lev. Demid. Voy. 112 1842; em. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:291 1884. S. malorum Pk. Macrophoma Berl. & Vogl. Att. Soc. Venet. 10:172 1886. M. pinea (Desm.) P. & S. Melanosphaeria Sawada Rep. Res. Inst. Formosa 2:119, ill. 1922. M. circumdata Saw. Neosphaeropsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:67 1921. N. polonica Petr. Piptostomum Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:3:65 1845. P. domingense Lev. Spilomyces Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fedde 42:293 1927. S. atramentarius (Schroet.) P. & S. Hyalodidymae Ascochyta Lib. Sacc. Michelia 1:16; 1878. A. pisi Lib. ApiocarpcUa Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:43 1919. A. macrospora (Speg.) Syd. Apiosporella Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 20:364 1910; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:5 1925. A. macrospora Speg. Ascochytula (Poteb.) Died. Ann. Myc. 10:141 1912; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:5 1925. A^ obionis (Jaap) Died. Ascochytella (Tassi) Died. Ann. Myc. 10:141 1912. A. deformis (Karst.) Died. Stagonosporopsis Died. Ann. Myc. 10:42 1912; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:5 1925. S. boltshauseri Died. Ascochytulina Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:342 1922. A. deflectens (Karst.) Petr. Clypeodiplodina Stev. Mycologia 21:235, ill. 1927. C. baccharidis Stev. Botryella Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:95 1916. B. nitidula Syd. Ceratopycnium Maubl. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 23:148 1907; for Ceratopycnidium. C. citricola Maubl. Chaetodiplodina Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 20:368 1910. C. graminicola Speg, Corollospora Werderm. Notizb. Mus. Berlin- Dahlem 8:248, ill. 1922. C. maritima Werderm. Cryptorhynchella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:88 1915. C. lantanae (Died.) Hoehn. Cytodiplospora Oud. Ned. Kruid. Arch. 2:6:292 1894. C. castaneae Oud. Ceuthodiplospora Died. Ann. Myc. 10:149 1912. C. robineae (Bub.) Died. Cytotriplospora Elliott & Chance Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 7:47 1920. C. pini E. & C. Darluca Cast. Cat. PI. Marseill. Suppl. 53 1845. D. filum (Biv.) Cast. 364 PHOMALES Diplodothiorella Bub. Mitt. Bot. Teclin. Hochsch. Wien 4:53 1927. Darlucis Clem.; Darluca non uredinicola. Davisiella Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:134 1924. Didymochaete Sapc. & Ell. Bull Torr. Club 25:510 1898. Sclerochaetella Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:251 1917. Vermiculariella Oud. Cont. Fl. Myc. 16:67 1898. Diplodina West. Not. 5:19 1857. Diploplenodomopsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:208 1923. Diplosclerophoma Petr. Ann. Myc. 21 :293 1923; 22:103 1924. Diplodinis Clem.; Diplodina basidiis ramosis. Diploplacis Petr. Hedwigia 62:308 1921; for Diploplacosphaeria. Diploplenodomus Died. Ann. Myc. 10:140 1912; Krypt. Mark Brandenb. 9:415 1912; cf. Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:245 1917; Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:102 1924. Hoehneliella Bres. & Sacc. Verb. z-b. Wien 52:437 1902. Kellermannia Ell. & Ev. Jour. Myc. 1885. Amphorula Grove Jour. Bot. 60:82 1922. Brencklea Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:326 1923. Chaetoconis Clem. Gen. Fung. 125, 176 1909. Lonchospermella Speg. Rev. Mus. La Plata 15:37 1908. Microxyphiella Speg. Physis 4:294 1918 Pazschkella Syd. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 83 Placosphaerella Pat. Cat. PI. Tunis 1897. Pucciniospora Speg. Fung. Guar. 1:147 Rhynchophoma Karst. Hedwigia 23:19 Robillardia Sacc. Michelia 2:8 1880. Sirodiplospora Naumov Mat. Mik. Fitop. 1 :22, ill. 1915. Sirexcipulina Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:278 1923; 25:233 1927. Thoracella Oud. Cont. Fl. Myc. 17:267 1901. Tiarospora Sacc. & March. Rev. Myc. 7:148 1885. Ges. 1:153 D. laburni Bub, D. longiseta (Henn.) Clem. D. elymina (Davis) Petr, D. americana Ell. & Sacc, S. rivini (Allesch.) Hoehn. V. D. elymi Oud. salicis West. D, mirabilis Petr. D. salicis (Sacc.) Petr. D. rostrupi (Vestg.) Clem. D. ruthenica Petr, D. malvae Died, H. perplexa Bres, & Sacc. K, yuccigena E. & E. A. sachalinensis Grove B. sisyrinchii (E. & E.) Petr. C. polygoni (E, & E,) Clem. L. tetraspora Speg. I M. fuligo (B. & D.) Speg 1901. P, brasiliensis Syd. 121 P, tragacanthae Pat. 1886. P, chusqueae Speg, 1884. R, crypta Karst, R. sessilis Sacc, S. spiraeae Lebedj, S, moravica Petr, T, ledi Oud, T, westendorpi S. & M, Phaeodidymae Michelia 2:7 1880; for Botrydiplis Sacc. Botryodiplodia. Chaetodiplis Clem.; Chaetodiplodia erumpens B, juglandicola (Schw,) Sacc. C, hirta (Sacc.) Clem. Chaetodiplodia Karst. Hedwigia 23:62 1884. C. caulina Karst. PHOMACEAE 365 Diblastospermella Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:579, ill. 1919; Physis 4:291 1918. Didymosporis Trav. & Migl. Flor. Mic. Venez. 4 1911; for Didymosporiella. Diplodia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 416 1849. Holcomyces Lind. Verb. Bot. Brandenb. 155 1903; Syll. Fung. 18:431 1906; Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 359 1923. Microdiplodia Allesch. Rabb. Krypt. Flor. ed. 2 7:78 1901. Stenocarpella Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:258 1917. Diplodiella Karst. Hedwigia 22:62 1884. Macrodiplodia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:374 1884. Paradiplodia Speg. An. Cien. Arg. 90:183, ill. 1920. Dothideodiplodia Murascb. Mat. Myk. Fitop. 6:67, ill. 1927. Pellionella Sacc. Syll. 14:941 1899. Rhyncbodiplodia Briosi & Farnetti Att. 1st. Pavia 2:10 1906. D. aequatorialis Speg. D. aeluropodis T. & M. D. mutica F. & M. H. exiguus Lind. M. conigena Allesch. S. zeae Syd. D. Crustacea Karst. M. curreyi S. & R. P. aurantiorum Speg. D. agropyri Murascb. P. cardonia (Flag. & Sacc.) Sacc. R. citri B. & F. Hyalophragmiae Asteromidium Speg. Fung. Guar. 2: n. 174 1888. A. Dearnessia Bub. Hedwigia 58:25 1916. D. Bartalinia Tassi Bull. Lab. Bot. Siena 3:3 1900. B. Botryogene Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:259, ill. 1917. B. Chiroconium Hoehn. Frag. Myk. n. 562 1910. C. Cryptostictella Grove Jour. Bot. 50:52 1912. C. Amphiciliella Hoehn. Hedwigia 62:58 1920. A. Dasypyrena Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 23:109 1912. D. Chaetosticta Petr. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:270 1925. C. Trotteria Sacc. Att. Accad. Ven-Trent. 3:10:79 1919. T. Mastomyces Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:10:134, ill. 1848. Topospora Fr. Fung. Natal. 33 1848. Microperella Hoehn. Sitzb. Acad. Wien 118:879 1909. Polychaetum Speg. Physis 4:294 1918. Septoriella Oud. Cont. Myc. 13:52 1889. Linochorella Syd. Ann. Myc. 10:43, ill. 1912. Staganospora Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:445 1884. Diedickella Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:305 1924. Rhabdostromina Died. Ann. Myc. 19:297 1921. Sclerostagonospora Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:252 1917; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:4 1925. S. Stagonostromella Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fedde 42:163 1927. S. imperspicuum Speg. apocyni Bub. robillardoides Tassi visci Syd. beaumonti (B. & C.) Hoehn. bractearum Grove eriobotryae Hoehn. lauricola Speg. perforata (E. & E.) P. & C. setulosa Sacc. M. friesi Mont. T. uberiformis Fr. M. quercus Hoehn. P. carolinense (B. & D.) Speg S. phragmitis Oud. L. striiformis Syd. S. populi (Cda.) Sacc. D. moravica Petr. R. empetri (Rostr.) Died. S. heraclei (Sacc.) Hoehn. citri P. & S. 366 PHOMALES Phaeophragmiae Alysisporium Pcyron. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 28:140, ill. 1922. A, rivoclarinum Peyron. Angiopoma Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:16:235 1841. A. campanulatum Lev. Ceratopycnis Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:86 1915. C. clematidis Hoehn. Hendersoniopsis Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 16:123 1918. H. thelebola (Sacc.) Hoehn. Rhynchophorus Hollos Math. Term. Kozleni. 35:54, ill. 1926. R. clematidis Hollos Couturea Cast. Cat. PI. Marseill. 192 1845. C. castagnei Desm. Eriosporina Togn. Sec. Cont. To.sc. 13 1895. E. tritici Togn. Hendersonia West. Bull. Brnx. 18: n. 60, ill. 1851. H. sarmentorum West. Hendersoninula Tassi Bull. Lab. Bot. Siena 5:56, ill. 1902. H. raphiolepidis Tassi Neohendersonia Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:190 1921. N. piriformis (Otth) Petr. Santiella Tassi Bull. Lab. Bot. Siena 3:90 1900; Syll. Fung. 16:947 1902. S. putaminum Tassi Scolecosporiella Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:30 1921, not Hoehn. 1923. S. typhae (Oud.) Petr. Hendersoniella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:386 1906. H. spinosae (Roll.) Sacc. Hendersonula Speg. Fung. Arg. 2:127 1880. H. australis Speg. Macrodiplis Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:343 1922; for Macrodiplodiopsis. M. desmazieri (Mont.) Petr. Prosthemium Kze. Myk. Heft. 1:17, ill. 1817. P. betulinum Kze. Uroconis Clem. Gen. Fung. 126 1909; for Urohendersonia Speg. Myc. Arg. 2:84 1902. U. platensis (Speg.) Clem. Wojnowicia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:960 1906. W. hirta (Schroet.) Sacc. Angiopomopsis Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 121:406 1912. A. lophostoma Hoehn. Hyalodictyae Camarographium Bub. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 34:306. 1916. C. stephensi (B. & Br.) Bub. Hyalothyris Tassi Bull. Lab. Bot. Siena 3:91 1900; for Hyalothyridium ; cf. Clem. Gen. Fung. 127 1909. H. viburnicola Tassi Polychaetella Spe^. Physis 4:295 1918. P. schweinitzi (B. & D.) Speg. Phaeodictyae Camarosporium .Sclnilz. Myk. Beitr. 649 1870. C. quaternatum Schulz. Camarosporellum Tassi Bull. Lab. Bot. Siena 5:62, ill. 1902. C. nervisequium Tassi PHOMACEAE 367 Camarosporulum Tassi Bull. Lab. Bot. Siena 5:63, ill. 1902. C. ampelopsidis Tassi Thyrococcum Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:672 1892; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 362 1923. T. punctiforme Sacc. Cytosporium Pk. Bot. Gaz. 4:171 1879. C. sphaerosporum Pk. Dichomera Cke. Praec. Hend. 24 1878. D. saubineti (Mont.) Cke. Fumagospora Arnaud Ann. Agr. Montp. 10:326 1911. F. elongata (B. & D.) Arn. Myxocyclus Riess Frcs. Beitr. Myk. 1:62, ill. 1852. M. confluens Riess Piringa Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:378 1911. P. andina Speg. Pleocouturea Arnaud Ann. Agr. Montp. 10:326 1910. P- castagnei Arn. Pseudodichomera Hoeiin. Hedwigia 60:186 1918 P. varia (Pers.) Hoehn. Sclerotheca Bub. & Vleug. Sven. Bot. Tids. 2:314 1917. S. strobilina (BRS) B. & V. Shearia Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:180 1924. S. magnoliae (Shear) Petr. Scolecosporae Chaetophiophoma Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:388 1911. C. tremae Speg. Ciferria Frag. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 25:363, ill. 1925. C. coccothrinacis Frag. Cornularia Karst. Hedwigia 23:57 1884; for Cornicularia and Corniculariella Karst. C. abietis Karst. Collonaema Grove Jour. Bot. 24:136 1886. C. papillatum Grove Collonaemella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:82 1915. C. microscopica (Fkl.) Hoehn. Pseudographium Jacz., em. Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad Wien 124:117 1915. P. persicae (Schw.) Jacz. Subulariella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:118 1915. S. macrospora (B. & C.) Hoehn. Cytosporina Sacc. Michelia 2:263 1881. C. ludibunda Sacc. Cytostaganis Bub. Ann. Myc. 14:150, ill. 1916; for Cvtostaganospora. C. photinicola Bub. Clypeoseptoria Stev. & Young Bishop Mus. . Bull. 19:141, ill. 1925. C. rocki Stev. & Young Dilophospora Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:14:67 1840. D- graminis Desm. Eriospora B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2:5 n. 438 1850. E. leucostoma B. & Br. Gamospora Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:402 1892. G. eriosporis Sacc. Gamonaemella Fairman Proc. Roch. Acad. Sci. 6:123 1922. G. divergens Fairman Gelatinosporis Pk. Rep. N. Y. Mus. 25:48 1873; for Gelatinosporium. G. betulinum Pk. Hemidothis Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:95 1916. H. miconiae Syd. Oswaldina Rangel Arch. Agr. Med. Vet. Mexico 5:37, ill. 1921. O. icarahyensis Rangel Septocyta Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:330 1927. S. ramealis (Rob.) Petr. 368 PHOMALES Leptochlamys Died. Ann. Myc. 19:299 1921. L. Megaloseptoria Naumov Bolezn. Rast. 14:144, ill. 1926. M. Linochora Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 119:638 1910. L. Micropera Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:5:283 1846. M. Micula Duby Hedwigia 2:8, ill. 1858. M. Phaeoseptoria Speg. Rev. Mus. La Plata 15:39 1908. Phaeophleospora Rangel Arch. Mus. Rio Jan. 18:162, ill. 1916. Phleospora Wallr. Fl. Crypt. 2:176 1833; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 341 1923; Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:6 1925. Pseudoseptoria Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:388 1911. Rhabdospora Mont. Fl. Alg. Dot. 592 1846- 49; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:6 1880. Jahniella Petr. Ann. Myc. 18:123 1920. Septoriopsis Hoehn. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3:6:6 1924; not Frag. & Paul. 1915. Scopophoma Dearn. & House Bull. N. Y. AIus. 266:83 1925. Septoria Fr. Syst. Myc. 3:480 1832; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:6 1880. Nemastroma Hoehn. Mitt. Lab. Techn. Hochs. Wien 2:83 1925. Rhabdostromina Died. Ann. Myc. 19:297 1921. Septoriopsis Frag. & Paul Bol. Soc. Hist. Nat. 15:127, ill. 1915. Sphaerographium Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:597 1884. Coleonaema Hoehn. Mitt. Lab. Tcchn. Hochs. Wien 1:95 1924. Cryptorhynchella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:88 1915. Trichoseptoria Cav. Malatt. Limon. 4 1892. T. Macroseptoria Petr. Ann. Myc. 21 :250 1923. M. P. P. P. P. R. J- S. S. s. N. R. S. S. c. c. scapicola (Karst.) Died. mirabilis Naumov leptospermi (Cke.) Hoehn. drupacearum Lev. mougeoti Duby papayae Speg. eugeniae Rang. ulmi (Fr.) Wallr. donacicola Speg. herbarum (Preuss) Sacc. bohemica Petr. pandani Hoehn. corioli D. & H. urticae Rob. junci (Desm.) Hoehn. empetri (Rostr.) Died. citri F. & P. squarrosum (Riess) Sacc. oleae (DC.) Hoehn. lantanae (Died.) Hoehn. alpei Cav. moravica Petr. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia A large number of the following are segregates of Cytospora and other stromate genera, but the characters are so inconstant in many at least, as to rend^er it impossible to place them definitely. (cf. Pctrak Ann. Myc. 23:83 1925.) For the others, the disposition is chiefly that of Hoelmel (Myk. Unters. Ber. 1:358-362 1923) and Pctrak (1. c. 23:1 1925). Actinopelte Sacc. Ann. Myc. 11:315 1913; cf. Petr. lb. 22:54 1924. A- japonica Sacc. Amphicytostroma Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:63 1921 A. tiliae (Sacc.) Petr. PHOMACEAE 369 Apocytospora Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Techn. Hochs. Wien 1:43 1924. Aposphaeriopsis Died. Ann. Myc. 11:44 1913; cf. Petn & Syd. lb. 22:341 1924; Petr. lb. 23:3 1925. Avettaea Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fedde 42:299 1927. Basilocula Bub. Ann. Myc. 12:210 1914. Ceuthosira Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:265 1924. Ceuthosporella Petr. & Syd. Ann. Alyc. 21 :371 1923. Chaetodiplodia Karst. Hedwigia 23:62 1884; Syll. Fung. 3:374 1884. Chaetopyrena Pass. Erb. Critt. Ital. 2:1088 1881; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:101 1924; 23:139 1925. Chaetosclerophoma Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:178 1924. Chondropodium Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:45 1916. Cliostomum Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1:116 1825. Rhytismella Karst. Hedwigia 23:60 1884. Colpomella Hoehn. Mitt. Lab. Techn. Hochs. Wien 3:16 1926. Cryptoceuthospora Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:57 1921. Cryptomycella Hoehn. Mitt. Lab. Techn. Hochs. Wien 2:48 1926. Cryptosporiopsis Bub. & Kab. Hedwigia 53:360 1912. Cyphellopycnis Tehon & Stout Mycologia 21:189, ill. 1929. Cytonaema Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 123:131 1914. Cytophoma Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 123:133 1914. Cytoplacosphaeria Petr. Ann. Myc. 17:79 1919. Diplodiopsis Henn. Hedwigia 43:386 1904; Syll. Fung. 3:335 1884. Discomycopsis Aluell. Bot. Cent. 57:347 1894; Syll. Fung. 11:517 1895. Dothiopsis Karst. Hedwigia 23:20 1884; Syll. Fung. 10:228 1892. Endogloea Hoehn. Zeit. Gar. 5:207 1915; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:99 1924. Enthallopycnidium Stev. Bishop AIus. Bull. 19:85, ill. 1925. Hendersonina Butler Alem. Dept. Agr. India Bot. 6:198, ill. 1913. Hormococcus Preuss Linnaea 25:738 1852. Hypocenia B. & C. N. A. Fung. n. 423 1874: Syll. Fung. 3:320 1884. A. visci Hoehn. A. domesticum (Henn.) Died. A. philippinensis P. & S. B. lauricola Bub. C. aesculicarpa Petr. C. acerina P. & S. C. caulina Karst. C. hesperidum Pass. C. coluteae Petr. C. C. R. D. D. E. H. H. spina (B. & Rav.) Hoehn. corrugatum (Ach.) Fr. corrugata (Ach.) Karst. pini Hoehn. moravica Petr. pteridis (Kalchb.) Hoehn. nigra Bub. & Kab. pastinaceae T. & S. spinella (Kalchb.) Hoehn. pruinosa (Fr.) Hoehn. rimosa (Oud.) Petr, tarapotensis Henn, rhytismoides Muell. spiraeae Karst. taleola (Sacc.) Hoehn, gouldiae Stev, sacchari Butl. populi Preuss H. obtusa B. & C. 370 PHOMALES Tanospora Starb. Bih. Sven. Akad. Handl. 19:86 1894, as subg.; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 319 1923; Petr. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 21:350 1923. Lasiodiplodia Ell. & Ev. Bot. Gaz. 21:92 1896; Syll. Fung. 14:939 1899. Leeina Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:315 1927. Levieuxia Fr. Fung. Natal. 32; Sum. Veg. Scan. 415 1849; Syll. Fung. 3:321 1884. Manginia Vial. & Pacot. Comp. Rend. 139:88 1904; Syll. Fung. 18:266 1906. Microxyphium Sacc, em. Speg. Physis 4:293 1918. Monopycnis Naumov Bull. Soc. Oural. 35:36 1915. Myriopyxis Ces. Flora 34:73 1851. Myxofusicoccum Died. Ann. Myc. 10:71 1912; cf. Petr. 18:25 1920. Paracytospora Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:82 1925. Perizomella Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:106 1927. Phylloedia Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1:195 1825. Phyllonochaeta Frag. & Cif. Bol. Soc. Hist. Nat. 27:171, ill. 1927. Placonemina Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:197 1921. Plectophomella Moesz Mag. Bot. Lap. 21:13 1922. Plenophysa Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:142 1919. Pleocyta Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fedde 42:454 1927. Pleurocytospora Petr. Ann. Myc. 21 :256 1923. Pleurodiscula Hoehn. Mitt. Lab. Techn. Hochs. Wien 3:25 1926. Pleuroplacosphaeria Syd. Ann. Myc. 26:115 1928. Pseudocytospora Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:295 1923. Pseudodiscula Laubert Gartenfl. 60:76 1911. Pseudosclerophoma Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:283 1923; lb. 22:102 1924. Pycnidiostroma Stev. 111. Biol. Mon. 11:45, ill. 1927. Pycnomma Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:187 1924. Pycnosporium Siegel Cent. Bakt. 51:515, ill. 1909. Rhabdostromella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:145 1915. Rhabdostromellina Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 15:303 1917. Scirrhiopsis Henn. Verb. Bot. Brandenb. 47:12 1905; Syll. Fung. 22:1074 1913. Septocytella Syd. Ann. Myc. 27:428 1929. Septodothideopsis Henn. Hedwigia 43:388 1904; Syll. Fung. 18:405 1906. J. lineolans (Schw.) Starb. L. L. M. M. M. M. M. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. tubericola E. & E. philippinensis Petr. natalensis Fr. ampelina V. & P. footi (B. & D.) Harv. crataegi Naumov caricicola Ces. obtusulum (S. & B.) Died, salicis Petr. inquinans Syd. epiphylla Fr. solani F. & C. dothideoides (Mont.) Petr. visci Moesz. mirabilis Syd. sacchari (Massee) P. & S. vestita Petr. neglecta (Desm.) Hoehn. negeriana Syd. allantospora Petr. endogenospora Laub. P. negundinis Petr, P. eugeniae Stev. P. canariense Syd. P. lommeni Sieg. R. rubi (Lib.) Hoehn. R. ruborum Hoehn. S. hendersoniodes Henn. S. bambusina Syd. S. manaosensis Henn. ZYTHIACEAE 371 Septorella Allesch. Hedwigia 36:241 1897; Syll. Fung. 18:981 1906. Shropshiria Stev. Mycologia 19:231, ill. 1927. Sphaerothyrium Bub. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 34:298 1916. Neoplacosphaeria Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:74 1921; 22:102 1924. Stichospora Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:195 1927. Systremmopsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:191 1923. Thyriostroma Died. Ann. Myc. 11:176 1913. Torsellia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 412 1849; Syll. Fung. 11:510 1895. Weinmannodora Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 409 1849; Syll. Fung. 3:325 1884. Circinastrum Clem. Gen. Fung. 124 1909. Xenodomus Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:206 1922. Xylocladium Syd. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:494 1900. S. salaciae Allesch. S. chusqueae Stev. S. filicinum Bub. N. polonica Petr. S. disciformis Petr. S. ribesia Petr. T. spiraeae (Fr.) Died. T. sacculus (Schw.) Fr. W. ruthenica Fr. C. ruthenica (Fr.) Clem. X. taxi Petr- X. clautriavi (Pat.) Syd. ZYTHIACEAE Hyalosporae Allantozythia Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 22:203 1924. A. Blennoriopsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 17:92 1919. B. Cicinnobella Henn. Fung. Amaz. 3:386 1904. C. Ciliospora Zimm. Cent. Bakt. 2:8:217 1902 C. CoUacystis Kze. Giintz Das Leich. Neug. 1:212 1827. ^ C. Cyanophomella Hoehn. Hedwigia 60:156 1918. C. Diplozythia Bub. Ann. Myc. 2:399 1904; Syll. Fung. 18:417 1906; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 359 1923. D. Dothiorina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 120:464 1911. D. Eleutheris Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 17:1023 1908; for Eleutheromycella. E. Lagynodella Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:207 1922. L. Mastigosporella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 123:135 1914. M. Matula Mass. Jour. Roy. Mic. Soc. 4:173, ill. 1888. M. Microdiscula Hoehn. Frag. Myk. n. 938 1915. M. Plenozythia Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:215 1916. P. Pseudosclerophoma Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:283 1923. P. Rhodosticta Woronich. Bull. Jard. Bot. Petersb. 11:13 1911. R. Sarcophoma Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:75 1916. S. alutacea (Sacc.) Hoehn. moravica Petr. parodiellis Henn. gelatinosa Zimm. putredinis Kze. acervalis (Sacc.) Hoehn. scolecospora Bub. tulasnei (Sacc.) Hoehn. mycophila Hoehn. pruinosa (Pk.) Petr. hyalina (E. & E.) Hoehn. poroniaeformis (B. & Br.) Mass. rubicola (Bres.) Hoehn. euphorbiae Syd. negundinis Petr. caraganae Woronich. pachybasium (Sacc.) Hoehn. 372 PHOMALES Sphaeronemina Hoehn. Hedwigia 59:274 1917. S. cylindrica (Tode) Hoehn. Mycorhynchella Hoehn. Hedwigia 60:155 1918. M. exilis Hoehn. Sirogloea Petr. Ann. Myc. 21 :247 1923. S. euonymi Petr. Siroplaconema Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:331 1922. S. moravicum Petr. Sirozythia Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 2:48 1904. S. rosea Hoehn. Treleasiella Speg. Rev. Agr. Vet. La Plata 241 1896. T. sacchari Speg. Tremellidium Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:387 1927. T. piskorzi Petr. Verrucaster Tobler Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 21:384, ill. 1913. V. lichenicola Tobler Xenostroma Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:149 1915. X. caespitosum (Fkl.) Hoehn. Zythia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 407 1849. Z. resinae (Ehrb.) Fr. Pycnidiella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:91 1915. P. resinae (Ehrb.) Hoehn. Phaeosporae Caudosporella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 123:135 1914. C. antarctica (Speg.) Hoehn. Harknessia Cke. Grevillea 9:85 1880. H. eucalypti Cke. Martinella (Cke. & Massee) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:409 1892. M. eucalypti (C. & M.) Sacc. Mastigonetrum Klebahn Myc. Cent. 4:17, ill. 1914. M. fuscum Klebahn Hyalodidymae Clypeopycnis Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:76 1925. C. aeruginascens Petr. Cyanochyta Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:92 1915. C. cyanogena (Speg.) Hoehn. Fuckelia Bon. Abh. Geb. Myk. 135 1870. F. ribis Bon. Stylonectria Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:152 1915. S. applanata Hoehn. Phaeodidymae Pseudodiplodia Karst. Symb. Myc. 15:156 1886. P. ligniaria (Karst.) Sacc. Hyalophragmiae Aschersonia Mont. Syll. Crypt. 260 n. 929 1856. A. taitensis Mont. Chiastospora Riess Fres. Beitr. Myk. 43 1850. C. parasitica Riess Ciliosporella Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:217 1927. C. selenospora Petr. Sirozythiella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:1532 1909. S. sydowiana (Sacc.) Hoehn. Stagonopsis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:621 1884. S. pallida (B. & C.) Sacc. Stagonostroma Died. Fl. Mark. Brandb. 9:561 1914. S. dulcamarae (Pass.) Died. LEPTOSTROMACEAE 2,7i Scolecosporae Mus. Xac. Mitt. Lab. Tcchn. 1925. Syll. Fung. 18:418 Chromocytospora Speg. An. 3:13:392 1911. Nemozythiella Hoehn Hochsch. Wien 2:70 Mycorhynchus Sacc. 1906; for Rhynchomyces Sacc. & Marcli. Syll. Fung. 10:411 1892, not Willk. 1866. Phlyctaeniella Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:323 1922. Polystigmina Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:622 1892. Polylagenochromatia Camara Rev. Agron. 17:23, ill. 1929. Rhodoseptoria Nauniov Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 29:278 1913. Scolecozythia Curzi Att. 1st. Pavia 3:3:185, ill. 1927. N. M. P. P. R. ricinella Speg. lonicerae (Died.) Hoehn. betae (Holl.) Sacc. polonica Petr. rubra (Desm.) Sacc. theobromae Camara ussuriensis Naumov S. valsivora Curzi Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia AmpuUaria A. I.. Smith Jour. Bot. 41:258 1903; Syll. Fung. 18:416 1906; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 358 1923. Chaetozythia Karst. Symb. Myc. 28:41 1888; Syll. Fung. 10:406 1892; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 358 1923. Hypocreodendrum Henn. Hcdwigia 36:223 1897; Syll. Fung. 14:992 1899. Leptodermella Hoehn. Zeit. Gar. 5:212 1914. Pachydiscula Hoehn. Zeit. Gar. 5:210 1914 Syst. Fung. Imp. 335 1923; cf. Petr. Ann Myc. 21:272 1923. Roumegueriella Speg. Rev. Myc. 2:18 1880 Syll. Fung. 3:616 1884; Hoehn. Syst Fung. Imp. 361 1923. Sphaerocista Preuss Linnaea 25:734 1852 em. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 948 1916; Syst Fung. Imp. 336 1923. Sphaeronemella Karst. Hedwigia 33:17 1884 Syll. Fung. 3:617 1884; cf. Hoehn. Syst Fung. Imp. 362 1923. Xanthopsora Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 31 :430 1922. A. aurea Smith C. pulchella Karst. H. sanguineum Henn. L. incarnata (Bres.) Hoehn. P. diplodioides (AUesch.) Hoehn. R. muricospora Speg. S. schizothecioides Preuss S. hevellae Karst. X. melanostoma Speg. LEPTOSTROMACEAE Hyalosporae Acarella Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:123 1927. A. costaricensis Syd. Actinothecium Ccs. Rabh. Herb. Myc. 1976 1854. A. caricicolum Ces. Brunchorstia Eriks. Bot. Cent. 47:298 1891. B. destruens Eriks. Columnothyrium Bub. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 34:308 1916. C. myriospermum (Mass.) Bub. Crandallia Ell. & Sacc. Bull. Torr. Club 34:466 1897. C. juncicola E. & S. Creothyrium Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:79 1925. C. pulchellum Petr. 374 PHOMALES Helicia Deamess & House Bull. N. Y. Mus. 266:91 1925. H. buccina D. & H. Diedickea Syd. Ann. Myc. 11:266, ill. 1913. D. singularis Syd. Elachopeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:121, ill. 1927. E. phoebes Syd. Eriothyrium Speg. Fung. Fueg. n. 426 1887. E. dubiosum Speg. Gloeodes Colby Trans. 111. Acad. Sci. 13:157, ill. 1920. G. pomigena (Schw.) Colby Labrella (Fr.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:648 1884; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 360 1923. L. heraclei (Lib.) Sacc. Thyriostoma Died. Ann. Myc. 11 :176 1913. T. pteridis (Ehrb.) Died. Leptostroma Fr. Obs. Myc. 2:361 1818. L, scirpinum Fr. Leptothyrium Kze. & Schm. Myk. Heft. 2:79 1823. L. lunariae Kze. Leptothyrina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:123 1915. L. rubi (Duby) Hoehn. Myxodiscus Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 115:671 1906. M. confluens (Schw.) Hoehn. Platycarpium Karst. Act. Soc. Fenn. 27:10 1905. P. fructigenum Karst. Porterula Speg. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 24:13, ill. 1920. P. alstroemeriae Speg. Rhabdothyrella Hoehn. Sitzb. .\kad. Wien 126:290 1917. R. microscopica Hoehn. Rhabdothyrium Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:125 1915. R. convallariarum (Oud.) Hoehn. Massalongjna Bub. Ber. Deut. Bot. Gcs. 34:319 1916. M. aquilina (Mass.) Bub. Melasmia Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:5:276 1846. M. acerina Lev. Merismella Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:114 1927. M. concinna Syd. Myxothyrium Bub. & Kab. Sven. Bot. Tids. 9:379 1915. M. leptideum (Fr.) B. & K. Peltaster Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:261 1917. P. hedyotidis Syd. Piggotia B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2:7:95, ill. 1851. P. astroidea B. & Br. Plectopeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:125, ill. 1927. P. egenula Syd. Plenotrichum Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:131, ill. 1927. E. mirabile Syd. Pleurothyriella Petr. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:210 1925. P. pinastri (Oud.) P. & S. Sirothyriella Hoehn. Sitzb. Acad. Wien 119:451 1910. S. pinastri (Fkl.) Hoehn. Sirothyrium Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:218 1916. S. taxi Syd. Tracyella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:424 1906. T. spartinae (Pk.) Tassi Trichopeltulum Speg. Fung. Puigg. n. 342 1889. T. pulchellum Speg. Trichopeltium Clem. Gen. Fung, 131 1909. T. pulchellum (Speg.) Clem. Phaeosporae Asterostomella Speg. An. Soc. Cien. Arg. 22:198 1886. A. paraguayensis Speg. Asteronia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 1 :47 1882, as subg. ; cf. Theiss. Myc. Cent. 3:275 1913. A. erysiphoides (K. & C.) Sacc. Hyphaster Henn. Baum Kun. Sambes Exp. 169 1903. H. kutuenais Henn. LEPTOSTROMACEAE 375 Oothecium Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:519 1919; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 26:390 1928. Asterostomula Theiss. Ann. Myc. 14:270 1916. Lasmenia Speg. Fung. Guar. 1:152 1886. Manginula Arnaud Ann. Agr. Montp, 16:218, ill. 1918. Peltostroma Henn. Hedwigia 43:391, ill. 1904. Achoropeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 27:79 1929. Phaeolabrella Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 23:117 1912. Piggotia B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2:7:95, ill. 1851. Basiascella Bub. Ann. Hofm. Wien 28:216 1914; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 358 1923. Pirostoma (Fr.) Sacc. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 12:70, ill. 1896. Pirostomella Sacc. Ann. Myc. 12:308 1914. Poropeltis Henn. Hedwigia 43:390, ill. 1904. Pycnostemma Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:113 1927. O. megalosporum Speg. A. loranthi Theiss. L. balansae Speg. M. perseae Am. P. juruanum Henn. A. modesta Syd. P. eryngicola Speg. P. astroidea B. & Br. B. gallarum Bub. P. coniothyris Sacc. P. raimundi Sacc. P. davillae Henn. P. disciforme Syd. Hyalodidymae Chaetalysis Fey r on. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 38:141, ill. 1922. Discosiella Syd. Leaf. Phil. Bot. 5:1546 1912. Discotheciella Syd. Ann. Myc. 15:260 1917; for Discothecium Syd. lb. 14:371 1916, not Zopf. Kabatia Bub. Oest. Bot. Zeits. 54:28, ill. 1904. Leptothyrella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:426 1892; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 360 1923. C. D. D. K. Phacodidymae Didymochora Hoehn. Hedwigia 60:172 1918. Diplopeltis Pass. Diag. Fung. Nov. 4:13 1890. Pycnothyrium Died. Ann. Myc. 11:175 1913; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 361 1923. Leprieurina Arnaud Ann. Agr. Montp. 16:210, ill. 1918. Peltostromella Hoehn. Denk. Akad. Wien 83:35 1907. Seynesiopsis Henn. Hedwigia 43:392, ill. 1904. D. D. L. P. S. Hyalophragmiae Cystothyrium Speg. Fung. Fueg. n. 430 1887. C Discosia Lib. Exsic. n. 345, Fl. Crypt. Ard. 1839; Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 423 1849. Rhizothyrium Naumov. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 30:429, ill. 1914. Septothyrella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien. 120:393 1911; for Asterothyrium Henn. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54 1903, not Muell. Arg. 1890. myrioblephara Peyron. cyhndrospora Syd. bakeri Syd. latemarensis Bub. L. mougeotiana S. & R. betulina Hoehn. spartii Pass. litigiosum (Desm.) Died. winteriana Arn. brasiliensis Hoehn. rionegrensis Henn. magellanicum Speg. D. artocreas (Tode) Fr. R. abietis Naumov S. microthyris (Henn.) Hoehn. 376 PHOMALES Phaeophragmiae Labridium Vesterg. Oefv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1:43 1897. L- hians Vesterg. Peltosoma Syd. Leaf. Phil. Bot. 9:3129 1925. P. freycinetiae Syd. Phragmopeltis Henn. Hedwigia 43:392, ill. 1904. P. siparunae Henn. Methysterostomella Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:396 1911. M. argentinensis Speg. Pseudodictya Tehon & Stout Mycologia 21:192,111. 1929. P- sassafrasicola T. & S. Scolecosporae Actinothyrium Kze. Myk. Heft. 2:81 1823. A. graminis Kze. Cylindrothyrium Maire Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 53:189 1906. C. subicolum Maire Giulia Tassi Bull. Lab. Bot. Siena 6:92 1904. G. tenuis (Sacc.) Tassi Ischnostroma Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 9:186, ill. 1914 I. merrilli Syd. Leptostromella Sacc. Michelia 2:632 1882, as subg. L. septorioides S. & R. Discostromella Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:34 1924. D. hysterioides (Fr.) Petr. Sphaeriostromella Bub. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 34:297 1916. S. pteridina (S. & R.) Bub. Melophia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:658 1884. M. ophiospora (Lev.) Sacc. Petasodes Clem. Gen. Fung. 133, 176 1909. P. umbellatum (Vestg.) Clem. Placothyrium Bub. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 34:302 1916 P. athyrinum Bub. Pleurothyrium Bub. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 34:322 1916. P- longissimum (Lib.) Bub. Stigmopeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:127, ill. 1927. S. roupalae Syd. Stigmopeltella Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:130 1927. S. costaricana Syd. Tassia Syd Ann. Myc. 17:44 1919; for T. laurina (Tassi) Syd. Chaetopeltis Sacc. Bull. Lab. Bot. Siena 14 1898; not Berth. C. laurina (Tassi) Sacc. Chaetothyriolum Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:522 1919. C. puiggarii Speg. Thyrinula Petr. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:373 1924. T. eucalyptina P. & S. Trachythyriolum Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 23:523 1919. T. brasilianum Speg. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Chaetopeltiopsis Hara Bot. Mag. Tokyo 27:253 1913 C. sasae Hara Cheilaria Lib. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:7:125 1837; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 329 1923. C. agrostidis Lib. Anaphysmene Bub. Ann. Myc. 4:122 1906. A. heraclei Bub. Cytoplacosphaeria Petr. Ann. Myc. 17:79 1919; 22:102 1924. C. rimosa Petr. Discomycopsella Henn. Hedwigia 41:146 1902; Syll. Fung. 18:429 1906; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 359 1923. D. bambusae Henn. DISCELLACEAE Z17 Hysteridium Karst. Act. Soc. Fenn. 27:10 1905; Syll. Fung. 22:1163 1913; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 360 1923. Lasiothyrium Syd. Phil. Jour. Sci. 8:503, ill. 1913. Sacidium Nees. Kze. & Schm. Myc. Heft. 2:64 1823; Syll. Fung. 3:649 1884. Sphaerothyrium Bub. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 34:298 1916. Termitaria Thaxt. Bot. Gaz. 69:3, ill. 1920. Titaeosporina van Luyk Ann. Myc. 17:112 1919; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:199 1927. H. S. S. T. phragmitis Karst. cycloschizum Syd. chenopodii Nees filicinum Bub. snyderi Thaxt. T. tremulae (Lib.) v. L. DISCELLACEAE Discellae Hyalosporae Agyriellopsis Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 1:404 1903. Amerosporium Speg. Fung. Arg. 4:306 1882. Acleista Elliott Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 5:420, ill. 1914. Chaetostroma (Corda) Sacc. em. Michelia 2:174; Syll. Fung. 4:749 1886; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 358 1923. Euchaetomella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:321 1884, as subg. of Chaetomella; cf. Hoehn. lb. 359. Catinula Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:9:247 1848. Desmopatella Hoehn. Mitt. Lab. Techn. Hochsch. Wien 1:76 1924. Dinemasporium Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:5:274 1846. Dinemasporiopsis Bub. & Kab. Krypt. Fl. Brand. 9:750 1914, for Dinemasporiella B. & K. Hedwigia 52:358 1912; not Speg. 1910. Symb. Myc. App. 2:54 Rev. Fac. Agron. 6:175 Myc. 6:530 1908. Ser. Hedwigia 52:269 Heteropatella Fkl. 1869. Lophodermopsis Speg. 1910. Neopatella Sacc. Ann Falcispcra Bub. & 1912. Polynema Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:5:274 1846. Psilospora Rabh. Hedwigia 1:107 1856. Sirexcipula P.ub. Hedwigia 46:295 1907. Sporonema Desin. Not. 14:182 1847. Clinterium Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 418 1849. Stauronema Syd. Ann. Myc. 14:217 1916. Stictopatella Hoehn. Hedwigia 60:166 1918. Traversoa Sacc. & Syd. Ann. Mvc. 11:317 1913. Xenopeltis Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:38, ill. 1919. A. caeruleo-atra Hoehn. A. polynemate Speg. A. alniella Elliott C. atrum Sacc. E. atra (Fkl.) Hoehn. C. aurea Lev. D. salicis Hoehn. D. graminum Lev. D. hispidula Bub. & Kab. ,H. lacera Fkl. L. hysterioides Speg. N. straussiana Sacc. F. androssoni B. & S. P. ornatum (DeN.) Lev. P. faginea (Pers.) Rabh. S. kabatiana Bub. S. phacidioides Desm. C obturatum Fr. S. cruciferum S. & B. S. euonymi (Desm.) Hoehn. T. excipuloides S.- & S. X. philippinensis Syd. 378 PHOMALES Phaeosporae Coniothyris Speg. Fung. Puigg. n. 439 1889; for Coniothyriella Speg., cf. Clem. Gen. Fung. 133 1909; Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 358 1923; Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:3 1925. C phyllostictoides Speg. Phaeopolynema Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 23:117, ill. 1912; Syll. Fung. 22:977 1913. P. argentinense Speg. Schoenbo'rnia Bub. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 -6 -483 1906. ^- basidio-annulata Bub. Myxormia B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2:5:457 n. • -j. -o * d 447. ill. 1850. M. atro-vindis B. & Br. Chaetodiscula Bub. & Kab. Hedwigia 50:44 1910; cf. Hoehn. Hedwigia 60:159 1918; „ „ t, Petr Ann Myc. 19:97 1921. C. hysteriformis B. & K. Godroniella Karst. Symb. Myc. 15:158 1884. G. juncigena Karst. Hymenopsis Sacc. Michelia 2:367 1881. _ H. trochiloides Sacc. Phaeodiscula Cuboni Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 33:577 \ggi P- celotti Cub. Vouauxiella Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Fedde ^ r. p o 42-482 1927. "^- verrucosa (Vouaux) P. & S. Hyalodidymae Acarosporium Bub. & Vleug. Ber. Deut. Bot. „ „ „ Ges. 19:385, ill. 1911. A. sympodiale B. & V. Dinemasporis Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 20:366, ill. 1910; for Dinemasporiella Speg. D. poiophila Speg. Dinemasporiella Bub. & Kab. Hedwigia a^ -R Jir K 5^ 358 1912 ^- hispidula (Schrad.) B. & K. Discella B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2:5:376, ill. /p. ^ r * Rr .„-Q D. carbonacea (Fr.) B. & Br. Pseudolachnea Ranoj. Ann. Myc. 8:393, ill. jgjQ P. bubaki Ranoj. Scaphidium Clem. Rep. Bot. Surv. Nebr. 5:5 , ^, 1905; Gen. Fung. 134 1909 S. boutelouae Clem^ Siropatella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 1 :401 1903. S. rhodophaea Hoehn. Ramulariospora Bub. Ann. Hofm. Wien. 28:216 1914. I^- asperulina Bub. Hyalophragmiae Excipularia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:689 1884. E. fusispora B. & Br. Excipulina Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:688 1884; cf. /c p, r ^ Ca^^ Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 359 1923. E. recurvispora (B. & C.) Sacc. Excipulella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:109 1915. E. patella Hoehn. Harposporella Hoehn. Verb. Bot. Brandenb. 58:28 1916. H. eumorpha Hoehn. Bactrexcipula Hoehn. Hedwigia 60:161 .Q.j;, B. strasseri Hoehn. Japonia Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:879 1909 J- quercus Hoehn. Yoshinagamyces Hara Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26:143 1912. Y. quercus (Henn.) Hara DISCELLACEAE Oncospora Kalchbr. Grevillea 9:19 1880 O. bullata K. & C Stagonopatella Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:219 1927. S. aeruginosa Petr Ypsilonia Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:5:284 1846. Y. cuspidata Lev. * Acanthothecium Speg. Fung. Puigg. n. 440 ^ ^^^^- A. mirabile Speg. Psalidosperma Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:571, ill. ^^^"^^ P. mirabile Syd. Phaeophragmiae Dichaenopsis Paoli Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 1:97 _ !^^^- D. notarisi Paoli Psilosponna Died. Krypt. Brandenb. 9:754, r. ■"■,^^^'^V . P- quercus (Rabh.) Died. Excipulana Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:689 1884. E. fusispora (B. & Br) Sacc Sirothecmm Karst. Symb. Myc. 20:105 1887; cf. Petr. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:214 1925. ' S. sepiarium Karst. Phaeodictyae Taeniophora Karst. Symb. Myc. 17:163 1885. T. acerina Karst. 379 Scoleccsporae Ephelidium Speg. An. Cient. Arg. 90:184 ill 1920. Ephelis Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 370 1849. Phlyctaena Mont. & Desm. Ann. Sci Nat 3:6:16 1847. Pilidium Kze. Myk. Heft 2:292 1823. Protostegia Cke. Grevillea 9:19 1880. Pseudocenangium Karst. Symb. Myc. 17-163 1885. Septopatella Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:128 1925. E. E. P. P. P. P. S. aurantiorum Speg. mexicana Fr. vagabunda Desm. eucleae (K. & C.) Sacc. magnoliae (Rav.) Sacc. pinastri Karst. septata (Jaap.) Petr. Patellinae Hyalosporae Crocicreas Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 418 1849. Cyphina Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:623 1884. Discozythia Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:313 1922. Entomopatella Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:215 1927. Hainesia Ell. & Sacc. Syll. 3:699 1884. Hyphostereum Pat. Bull. Sec. Myc Fr 8 139 1892. Gyrostroma Naumov Bull. See. Myc Fr 33:383, ill. 1914. Libertiella Speg. & Roum. Rev. Myc 2 21 1880. Microdiscula Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:142 1915. Munkia Speg. Fung. Guar. 1:155 1886. Aschersoniopsis Henn. Hedwigia 41:7 1902; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 358, 361 1923. Pycnostroma Clem. Gen. Fung. 130 1909. C. gramineum Fr. C. lanuginosa (Pk.) Sacc. D. sydowiana Petr. E. mirabilis Petr. H. rhoina (Sacc.) Ell. & Sacc. H. pendulum Pat. G. sinuosum Naumov L. malmedyensis Speg. M. rubicola (Bres.) Hoehn. M. martyris Speg. A. globosa Henn. P. globosum (Henn.) Clem. 380 PHOMALES OUula Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. 4:20:299 1863. Siroscyphellina Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:255 1923. Patellina Spep. Fung. Arg. 3:164 1880. Pseudopatellina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wicn 17:1025 1908. Pseudozythia Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 33 1903. Schizothyrella Thuem. Myc. Univ. n. 1684 1880. Scleropycnium Heald & Lewis Trans. Am. Mic. Soc. 31:5, ill. 1912. Fragosoella Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Feddc 42:183 1927. Selenophomopsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:182 1924. Sirexcipulina Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:278 1923; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:233 1927. Sirocyphis Clem. Gen. Fung. 130 1909; Minn. Bot. Studies 4:188, ill. 1911. Siroscyphella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 119:650 1910. O. pezizoides Lev. S. arundinaceae Petr. P. italichroma Speg. P. conigena (Niessl) Hoehn. P. pusilla Hoehn. S. quercina (Lib.) Thuem, S. aureum H. & L. F. nevadensis (Frag.) P. & S. S. juncea (Mont.) Petr. S. moravica Petr. S. nivea Clem. S. fumosellina (Starb.) Hoehn. Phaeosporae Michenera B. & C. Jour. Linn. Soc. 10:333 1869. Trullula Ces. Bot. Zeit. 10:287 1852. M. artocreas B. & C. T. olivascens Sacc. Hyalodidymae Cystotricha B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2:5:457, ill. 1850. C. striola B. & Br. Pseudopatella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:688 1884; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 361 1923. P. tulasnei Sacc. Diplozythiella Died. Ann. Myc. 14:215, ill. 1916. D. bambusina Died. Fioriella Sacc. & D. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:432 1906. F. vallumbrosana S. & D. S. Myriellina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 124:100 1915. M. cydoniae Hoehn. Hyalophragmiae Stagonopatella Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:219 1927. S. aeruginosa Petr. Phaeophragmiae Lecanosticta Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:211 1922. L. pini Syd. Scolecosporae Pyrenotrichum Mont. Syll. Gen. 267 1856. P. splitgerberi Mont. Trichocrea March. Bull. Soc. Belg. 30:2:145 1891. Trichosperma Speg. An. Soc. Cien. Arg. 26:67 1888. T. stenospora March. T. pulchellum Speg. MELANCONIACEAE 381 Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Ceuthosira Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:265 1924. Disculina Hoehn. Frag. Myk. n. 988 1916; cf. Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:6 1925. Exotrichum Syd. Ann. Myc. 12:571 1914; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 359 1923. Hysteromyxa Sacc. & Ell. Michelia 2:574 1882; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 360 1923; Syll. Fung. 3:622 1884. Pleococcum Desm. & Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:11:53 1849; Syll. Fung. 3:679 1884; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 361 1923. Pseudodiscula Laub. Gartenfl. 60:78 1911. Pseudostictis Fautr. Rev. Myc. 12:119 1890; Syll. Fung. 11:553 1895; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 361 1923. Stichospora Petr. Ann. Myc. 25:195 1927. Tryblidiopycnis Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 127:562 1918. C. aesculicarpa Petr. D. neesi (Cda.) Hoehn. E. leucomelas Syd. H. effugiens S. & E. P. robergei D. & M, P. endogenospora Laub, P. silvestris Fautr. S. disciformis Petr. T. pinastri Hoehn. MELANCONIALES MELANCONIACEAE Hyalosporae Aureobasis Viala & Boyer Rev. Gen. Bot. 3:369, ill. 1891; for Aureobasidium. Exobasidiopsis Karak. Not Syst. Inst. Crypt. Petr. 1:83 1922. Kabatiella Bub. Hedwigia 46:297 1907; Syll. Fung. 22:1297 1913. Pachybasidiella Bub. & Svd. Ann. Myc. 13:9, ill. 1915. Polyspora LafTerty Sci. Proc. Dublin Soc. 21:258, ill. 1921. Bloxamia B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2:13:468, ill. 1854. Gloeosporiopsis Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:404 1911; Syll. Fung. 22:1193 1913. .0. vinal Speg, Thecostroma Clem. Gen. Fung. 135, 176 1909. Colletotrichum Corda Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. 3:3:41, ill. 1831. Colletotrichella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:99 1916. Colletotrichopsis Bub. Oest. Bot. Zeit. 54:184 1904. Conoplea Pers. Tent. Disp. 55 1797. Cryptosporiopsis Bub. & Kab. Hedwigia 52:360 1912. Discosporiopsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:217 1921. Tuberculariella Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 1:343 1923. A. vitis V. & B. E. viciae Karak. K. microsticta Bub. P. polyspora B. & S. P. lini LafT. B. truncata B. & B. T. nitidulum (Sacc.) Clem. C. gloeosporodes Penz. C. periclymeni (Desm.) Hoehn. C. pyri (Noack) Bub. C. sphaerica Pers. C. nigra B. & K. D. piri (Fkl.) Petr. (no species piven) 382 MELANCONIALES C. tiliae Petr. D. didyma (F. & R.) Hoehn. E. calami (Niessl) Hoehn. Cytogloeum Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:77 1925. Discosporella Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Hochs. Wien 4:80 1927. Eriosporella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:109 1916. Gloeosporium Desm. & Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:12:295 1840. Calogloeum Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:401 1924. Cryptocline Petr. Ann. Myc. 22:402 1924. Cylindrosporella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:96 1916. Discosporiella Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:14 1923. D. phaeosora (Sacc.) Petr Discula Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:674 1884. D. platani (Pk.) Sacc. Gloeosporidiella Petr. Hedwigia 62:318 1921. Gloeosporidina Petr. Ann. Myc. 19:214 1921. Gloeosporidium Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:95 1916. Gloeosporina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:94 1916. Microgloeum Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:215 1922. M. pruni Petr. Monostichella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:95 1916. Myxosporina Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Hochs. Wien 4:73 1927. Hyperomyxa Corda Icon. Fung. 3:34, ill. 1839. Hypodermium Link Spec. PI. Fung. 2:88 1825. Hypodermina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:55 1916. Hypogloeum Petr. Ann. Mvc. 21:263 1923. Mastigonema Speg. Bol. Acad. Cordoba 29:177 1926. Myxosporella Sacc. Michelia 2:381 1881. Myxosporium Link Spec. PI. Fung. 2:99 1825. Discogloeum Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:14 1923. Discosporium Hoehn. Zeit. Gar. 5:196 1914. D. hyalinum (Ell.) Hoehn Phaeomonostichella Keissl. Anz. Akad. Wien 60:75 1924. Naemospora Pers. Syn. Fung. 110 1801; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:12 1880. Pestalozziella Sacc. & Ell. Michelia 2:575 1882. Protocoronis Atkin. & Edgert. Jour. Myc. 13:186 1907; em. Wolf Jour. Elish. Mitch. Soc. 36:82 1920; for Protocoronospora. Rhabdogloeopsis Petr. Ann. Myc. 23:52 1925. R. balsameae (Dav.) Petr. Rhabdogloeum Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:215 1922. R. pseudotsugae Syd. Thyrsidiella Hoehn. Oest. Bot. Zeit. 55:100 19Q5 T. lignicola Hoehn. Vermicularia Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 419 1849. V. dematium Fr. G. cingulatum Atkin. C. weirianum (Sacc.) Syd. C. effusa Petr. C. carpini (Lib.) Hoehn. G. ribis (Lib.) Petr. G. moravica Petr. G. acericolum (All.) Hoehn. G. inconspicua (Cav.) Hoehn. M. pruni Petr. M. robergei (Desm.) Hoehn. M. subtecta (Rob.) Hoehn. H. stilbosporoides Cda. H. nervisequium Link. H. nervisequia (Lk.) Hoehn. H. euonymi Petr. M. bruchianum Speg. M. miniata Sacc. M. croceum (Pers.) Link D. phaeosora (Sacc.) Petr. D. hyalinum (Ell.) P. symploci Keissl. N. croceola Sacc. P. subsessilis S. & E. P. nigricans A. & E. MELANCONIACEAE 383 Phaeosporae Botryoconis Syd. Ann. Myc. 4:344 1906. B. saccardoi Syd. Chaetobasis Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Hochs. Wien 2:36 1925; for Chaetobasidiella vermicu- larioidea. C. vermicularis Hoehn. Cryptomela Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:760 1884. C. caricis (Corda) Sacc. Melanconium Link Spec. Pi. Fung. 2:91 1825. M. juglandinum Kze. Fairmaniella Petr. & Syd. Beih. Rep. Feddc 42:481 1927. F. leprosa (Fairm.) P. & S. Haplomela Syd. Leaf. Phil. Bot. 9:3131 1925. H. celtidis Syd. Leptomelanconium Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:179 1923. L. asperulum (Moesz) Petr. Scyphospora Kantshaveli Bo!. Rast. 17:87, ill. 1928. S. phyllostachydis Kant. Thyrsidium Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:6:388 1836. T. botryosporum Mont. TruUula Ces. Bot. Zeit. 10:397 1852. T. olivascens Sacc. Vanderystiella Henn. Ann. Mus. Congo 5:2:229, ill. 1908. V. leopoldia Henn. Hyalodidymae Fominia Girzitska Bull. Jard. Bot. Kieff 5 & 6:168, ill. 1927. F. rubi-idaei Girz. Gloeosporiella Cav. Fung. Long. Exs. n. 41 1891. G. rosicola Cav. Marsonia Fisch. Rabh. Fung. Eur. n. 1857 1874. M. potentillae (Desm.) Fisch. Marsoniella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:108 1916. M. juglandis (Lib.) Hoehn. Monotrichum Gaum. Ann. Myc. 20:261, ill. 1922. M. commelinae Gaum. Septomyxa Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:766 1884. S. aesculi Sacc. Marsonina Magn. Hedwigia 45:89 1906. M. potentillae (Desm.) Magn. Phaeodidymae Didymosporium Nees Syst. Pilz. 33 1817; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:11 1880. D. striola Sacc. Didymosporina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:83 1916. D. aceris (Lib.) Hoehn. Phaeomarssonia Bub. Bot. Kozlemen. 14:(75) 1915; cf. Hoehn. Sy.st. Fung. Imp. 360 1923. P. truncatula (Sacc.) Bub. Neobarclaya Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14:46 1899; for N. primaria (E. & E.) Sacc. Barclayella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:475 1892, not Diet. 1890. B. primaria (E. & E.) Sacc. Phaeomarsonia Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 17:138 1908. P. yerbae Speg. 384 MELANCONIALES Hyalophragmiae Diploceras Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:484 1892, as subg. ; Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 342 1923. D. Endocladis Petr. Ann. Myc. 21:290 1923. E. Entomosporium Lev. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 3:31 18.i6. Pestalozzina Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:800 1884, as subg.; 11:580 1895. P. Prosthemiella Sacc. Michelia 2:356 1881. P. Pseudodiscosia Hoest. & Laub. Gartenwelt 25:66 1921. P. Septogloeum Sacc. Mich. 2:11 1880. S. Titaeospora Bub. Ann. Myc. 14:345, ill. 1916. T. Ramulispora Miura S. Manch. Agr. Bull. 11:43, ill. 1920. dilophosporum (Cke.) Sacc. ulmi Petr. E. maculatum Lev. unicolor (B. & C.) Sacc. formosa Sacc. & Malbr. dianthi H. & L. acerinum (Pass.) Sacc. ditospora (Sacc.) Bub. R. andropogonis Miura Phaeophragmiae Amphichaeta McAlp. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 1904:118 1904. A. Disaeta Bonar Mycologia 20:299, ill. 1928. D. Asterosporium Kze. Flora 2:225 1819. A. Coryneum Nees Syst. Pilz. 34 1817. C. Endocoryneum Petr. Ann. Myc. 20:334 1922. E. Leptocoryneum Petr. Hedwigia 65:278 1925. L. Phanerocoryneum Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 351 1923. Thyrostromella Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:406 1924. T. Cryptostictis Fkl. Fung. Rhen. n. 1838 1869. C. Heteroceras Sacc. Ann. Myc. 13:136 1915. H. Monochaetia Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:797 1884, as subg.; 18:485 1906. M. Pestalozzia DeNot. Micr. Ital. Dec. 2:9 1839. P. Scolecosporium Lib. Sacc. Michelia 2:355 1881. S. fagi Lib. Scolecosporiella Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 341 1923. Siridiella Karst. Symb. Myc. 30:67 1891. S. Siridina Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 334 1923. Siridium Nees Syst. Pilz. 22 1816. S. Hyaloceras Dur. & Mont. Fl. Alg- 587 1846. H. Septotrullula Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 1902:39; Syll. Fung. 18:487 1906. S. Stilbospora Pers. Syn. Fung. 96 1801; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:11 1880. S. Toxosporium Vuill. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 12:34 1896. T. Hyalodictyae Hyalodictyum Woronich. Bull. Mus. Tiflis 10:31, ill. 1916. H. Thyrsidina Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 3:337 1905. T. daviesiae McAlp. arbuti Bonar hoffmanni Kze. umbonatum Nees loculosum (Sacc.) Petr, corni-albae (Roum.) Petr. (no species given^ trimera (Sacc.) Syd. hysterioides Fkl. flageoleti Sacc. monochaeta (Desm.) Sacc. funerea Desm. (no species given) ramealis Karst. (no species given) marginatum Nees notarisi M. & D. bacilligera Hoehn, macrosperma Pers. abietinum Vuill. colchicum Woron. carneominis Hoehn. MELANCONIACEAE 385 Phaeodictyae Endobotrya B. & C. Grevillea 2:98 1874. Endobotryella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:1536 1909. E, elegans B. & C. Morinia Berl. & Bres. Phragmotrichum Kze. 2:84, ill. 1823. Steganosporium Corda Stigmopsis Bub. Ann. Piricauda Bub. Ann. Micr. Trid. 82 1889. & Schm. Myk. Heft. Icon. Fung. 3:22 1839. Myc. 12:218 1914. Myc. 12:218 1914. E. M. P. S. S. P. Scolecosporae Cylindrosporium Unger Exanth. 166 1833; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:12 1883. Cryptosporium Sacc. Syll. Fung. 3:740 1884 Disculina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:104 1916. Phloeosporella Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 22:201 1924. Phloeosporina Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 22:202 1924. Sphaceliopsis Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 20:45 1910; Syll. Fung. 22:1468 1913. Libertella Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1:19:277 1830. Libertina Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 22:197 1924. Pseuderiospora Keissl. Anz. Akad. Wien 60:76 1924. Pseudostegia Bub. Jour. Myc. 12:56 1906; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 361 1923. Trichodytes Klebahn Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 15:527 1897. C. C. P. P. s. L. L. oblonga (Fkl.) Hoehn. pestalozzis B. & B. chailleti Kze. piriforme (Hoffm.) Corda celtidis (Pass.) Bub. uleana (S. & S.) Bub. padi Karst. neesi Corda neesi (Corda) Hoehn. ceanothi (E. & E.) Hoehn. minor (E. & E.) Hoehn. cypericola Speg. betulina Desm. stipata (Lib.) Hoehn. castanopsidis Keissl. nubilosa Bub. anemones Kleb. Staurosporae Asteroconium Syd. Ann Myc. 1:36 1903. A. saccardoi Syd. Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia Basilocula Bub. Ann. Myc. 12:210 1914; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 358 1923. Elaeodema Syd. Ann. Alyc. 20:64 1922 Hormococcus Preuss Linnaea 25:73 1852; cf. Hoehn. Sy.st. Fung. Imp. 359 1923. Hormylium Clem. Gen. Fung. 135, 176 1909; cf. Hoehn. Sy^t. Fung. Imp. 360 1923. Melanostroma Corda cf. Hoehn. Sy.st. Syll. Fung. 3:728 Psammina Rouss. & 1837; 1923; Icon. Rung. 1 :5 Fung. Imp. 360 1884. Sacc. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 29:295 1891; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 361 1923; Syll. Fung. 10:498 1892. Thyriostroma Died. Ann. Myc. 11:176 1913; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 362 1923. B. lauricola Bub. E. cinnamomi Syd. H. populi Preuss H. populi (Preuss) Clem. M. fusarioides Corda P. bommeriae R. & S. T. pteridis (Ehrenb.) Died. 386 MONILIALES MONILIALES MONILIACEAE Hyalosporae Acladium Link Obs. Myc. 1:9, ill. 1809. Acontium Morgan Jour. Myc. 8:4 1902. Acremonium Link. Obs. Myc. 1:13 1809; em. Sacc. Michelia2:17 1880. Thermomyces Tsil. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 13:500, ill. 1899. Acrocylindrium Bon. Handb. Myk. 97 1851. Acrostalagmus Corda Icon. Fung. 2:15 1838. Harziella Cost. & Matr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 15:104, ill. 1899. Amblyosporium Fres. Bcitr. Myk. 99, ill. 1863. Articularia Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad.Wien 118:407 1909. Aspergillus (Michel.) Lk. Sp. PI. 1:65 1824. Alliospora Pirn Jour. Bot. 21:234 1883. Briarea Corda Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. 3:3:11, ill. 1831. Sterigmatocystis Cram. Viert. Nat. Ges. Zarich 4:323 1859. Asterophora Ditm. Schrad. Jour. Bot. 3:56, ill. 1809. Basidiobotrys Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 118:420, ill. 1909. Xylocladium Syd. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:494 1900; Syll. Fung. 16:1089 1902, 22:1262 1913; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 362 1923. Blastomyces Cost. & Roll. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 4:153 1888. Botryosporium Corda Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. 3:11 1833. Radaisella Bainier Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 26:382, ill. 1910; Syll. Fung. 22:1253 1913. Botrytis Michel., em. Link Sp. PI. Fung. 1:53 1824. Acmosporium Corda Icon. Fung. 3:11, ill. 1839. Calcarisporium Preuss Linnaea 24:124 1851. Cephalosporium Corda Anleit. 61 1842. Chaetoconidium Zukal Verb. Ges. Wien 37:45 1887. Chantransiopsis Thaxt. Bot. Gaz. 58:246, ill. 1914. Chromosporium Corda Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. 3:2:119, ill. 1829. Cladobotryum Sacc. Michelia 1:272 1878. Clonostachys Corda Prachtfl. 15 1839. Clonostachyopsis Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 116:149 1907. A, conspersum Lk. A. album Morg. A. alternatum Lk. T. lanuginosus Tsil. A. elegans Bon. A. cinnabarinus Corda H. capitata C. & M. A. botrytis Fres. A. quercina (Pk.) Hoehn. A. glaucus (L.) Lk. A. sapucaya Pirn B. elegans Sturm S. nigra van Tiegh. A. agaricicola Corda B. clautriavi (Pat.) Hoehn. X. clautriavi (Pat.) Syd. B. luteus C. & R. B. pulchrum Corda R. elegans Bain. B. cinerea Pers. A. botryoideum Corda C. arbuscula Preuss C. acremonium Corda C. arachnoideum Zuk. C. decumbens Thaxt. C. viride Corda C. thuemeni Sacc C. araucaria Corda C. populi (Harz) Hoehn. MONILIACEAE 387 Coccosporella Karst. Synib. Myc. 32:9 1893. Coemansia van Tiegh. Ann. Sci. Nat. 5:17:392 1873. Coemansiella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:815 1883; 4:55 1886. Corethropsis Corda Prachtfl. 1, ill. 1839. Coronella Crouan Fl. Fin. 12, ill. 1867. Corymbomyces Appel & Strunk Cent. Bakt. 2:11:632 1904. Cristulariella Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 125:124 1916; cf. Bowen Conn. Exp. Sta. Bull. 316 1930. Cylindrium Bon. Handb. Myk. 34, 1851; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:14 1880. Cylindrocephalum Bon. Handb. Myk. 103 1851. Cylindrodendrum Bon. Handb. Myk. 97, ill. 1851. Cylindrophora Bon. Handb. Myk. 92, ill. 1851. Cylindrotrichum Bon. Handb. Myk. 88 1851. Dimargaris van Tiegh. Ann. Sci. Nat. 6:1:154, ill. 1875. Dispira van Tiegh. Ann. Sci. Nat. 6:1:160, ill. 1875. Doratomyces Corda Icon. Fung. 1:19, ill. 1837. Fusidium Sacc. Michelia 2:14 1880. Geotrichum Link Obs. Myc. 1:53 1809. Oosporidea Sumstine Mycologia 5:53 1913. Gliobotrys Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 111:1048 1902. Sporodiniopsis Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 1:528 1903. Gliocladium Corda Icon. Fung. 4:30 1840. Gloeosphaera Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 111:1038 1902. Glomerularia Pk. Rep. N. Y. Mus. 32:43, ill. 1879. Glycophila Mont. Comp. Rend. 33:395 1851. Gonatobotrys Corda Prachtfl. 5 1839. Gonatorhodis Thaxt. Bot. Gaz. 45:202 1891. Graphidium Lind. Rabh. Krypt Fl. 9:748 1909. Haplaria Link Obs. Myc. 1:9, ill. 1809. Haplotrichum Link Sp. PI. Fung. 1:52 1824. Hyalopus Corda Anleit. 58 1842. Hyphoderma Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 447 1849. Langloisula Ell. & Ev. Jour. Myc. 5:68 1889; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 1155 1917. Malbranchea Sacc. Michelia 2:639 1882. Thermoidium Miehe Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 35:510, ill. 1910; Syll. Fung. 22:1240 1913. C. calospora Karst. C. reversa van Tiegh. C. alabastrina Sacc. C. paradoxa Corda C. nivea Crouan C. albus A. & S. C. depraedans (Cke.) Hoehn. C. elcngatum Bon. C. aureum (Corda) Bon. C. album Bon. C. C. D. D. F. G. O. tenera Bon. album Bon. crystalligena van Tiegh. cornuta van Tiegh. tenuis Corda carneolum Sacc. candidum Lk. lactis (Fres.) Sumst G. alboviridis Hoehn. S. dichotomus Hoehn. G. penicillis Corda G. globuligera Hoehn. G. corni Pk. G. versicolor Mont. G. simplex Corda G. parasitica Thaxt. G. corrensi Lind. H. grisea Lk. H. capitatum Lk. H. mycophilus Corda H. roseum (Pers.) Fr. L. spinosa E. & E. M. pulchella S. & P. T. sulphureum Miehe 388 MONILIALES Martensella Coem. Bull. Acad. Belg. 2:15:292, ill. 1863. M. pectinata Coem. Meria Vuill. Bull. Soc. Nancy 2:14:13, ill. 1896. M. laricis Vuill. Hartigiella Syd. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:558 1900; Syll. Fung. 16:1031 1902. H. laricis (Hart.) Syd. Monilia Pers., em. Sacc. Michelia 2:17 1880. M. fructigena Pers. Halobyssus Zukal Oest. Bot. Zeit. 43:279 1893. H. monililormis Zuk. Moniliopsis Ruhland Arb. Anst. Landw- Forstw. 6:71, ill. 1908; Syll. Fung. 22:1247 1913. M. aderholdi Ruhl. Monopodium Delacr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 6:99 1890. M. uredopsis Delacr. Monosporium Bon. Handb. Myk. 95 1851. M. spinosum Bon. Monosporiella Speg. Physis 4:293 1918. M. meliolicola Speg. Myceliophthora Cost. Rev. Gen. Bot. 6:289 1894. M. lutea Cost. Nematogonium Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:2:69 1834. N. aurantiacum Desm. Nomuraea Maubl. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 19:295 1903. N. prasina Maubl. Oedocephalum Preuss Linnaea 24:131 1851. O. glomerulosum (Bull.) Sacc. Amblyosporiopsis Fair man Proc. Roch. Acad. Sci. 6:132, ill. 1922. A. parasphenoides Fairman Oidiopsis Scalia Agricolt. Calabro-Siculo 27:396 1902. O. sicula Scalia Oidium Link, em. Sacc. Michelia 2:15 1880. O. erysiphoides Fr. Acrosporium Nees Syst. Pilz. 53, ill. 1817. A. monilioides Nees Olpitrichum Atkin. Bot. Gaz. 48:244 1894. O. carpophilum Atkin. Oospora Wallr. Fl. Crypt. 2:182 1833; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:14 1880. O. virescens (Lk.) Wallr. Toruloidea Sumstine Mycologia 5:53, ill. 1913. T. effusa Sums. Ophiocladium Cav. Zeits. Pflanzenkr. 3:26 1893. O. hordei Cav. Ovularia Sacc. Michelia 2:17 1880. O. obovata Sacc. Pseudovularia Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:418 1911. P. trifolii Speg. Pachybasium Sacc. Rev. Myc. 7:160, ill. 1885. P. hamatum (Bon.) Sacc. Paepalopsis Kuehn Hedwigia 22:11, 28 1883. P. irmischiae Kuehn Pellicularia Cke. Grevillea 4:116, ill. 1876. P. koleroga Cke. Penicillium Link Sp. PI. Fung. 1 :69 1824. P. expansum Lk. Citromyces Wehmer Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 11:333 1893. C. glaber Wehmer Paecilomyces Bainier Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 23:26 1907. P. varioti Bain. Scopulariopsis Bainier Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 23:98 1907. S. brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bain. Phymatotrichum Bon. Handb. Myk. 116, ill. 1851; Syll. Fung. 16:1033 1902. P. gemellum Bon. Beauveria Vuill. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 59:40, ill. 1912. B. bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. MONILIACEAE 389 Physospora Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 495 1849. Plectothrix Shear Bull. Torr. Club. 29:457 1902. Polyscytalum Riess Bot. Zeit. 11:138 1853. Ramulaspera Lindr. Act. Soc. Fenn. 22:5 1902. Rhinotrichum Corda Icon. Fung. 1:17 1837. Jidymotrichum Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 123:140 1914. Mastigocladium Matr. Comp. Rend. 152:325 1911. Rhopalomyces Corda Prachtfl. 3, ill. 1839. Sceptromyces Corda Sturm. Deut. Crypt. Fl. 2>:2>:7, ill. 1831. Selenotila Lagerh. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 10:531 1892. Sepedonium Link Obs. Myc. 1:16 1809. Sigmoidomyces Thaxt. Bot. Gaz. 45:22, ill. 1891. Spermatoloncha Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:10:139 1909. Spicaria Harz Hyphom. 51 1871. Spicularia Pers. Myc. Eur. 1:39 1822; cm. Fkl. Symb. Myc. 359 1869. Sporotrichella Karst. Symb. Myc. 20:96 1887. Sporotrichum Link Sp. PI. Fung. 1:1 1824; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:16 1880. Leiosepium Sacc. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 16:24 1900; Syll. Fung. 16:1036 1902. Tolypomyria Preuss Linnaea 26:707 1853. Trichoderma Pers. Tent. Disp. 12 1797; em. Harz Hyphom. 29 1871. Sporoderma Mont. Syll. Crypt, n. 1069 1856; Syll. Fung. 4:676 1886; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 360 1923. Uncigera Sacc. Misc. Myc. 2:135 1884. Verticilliopsis Cost. Compt. Rend. 114:850 1892. Verticillium Nces. Syst. Pilz. 57 1817. Volutellis Torrend Bull. Jard. P.ot. Brux. 4:12 1914; for Volutellopsis Torr., not Speg. 1910. Xenopus Pcnz. & Sacc. Malpighia 15:240 1901. P. rubiginosa Fr. P. globosa Shear P. fecundissimum Riess R. salicina (Vest.) Lindr. R. repens Preuss D. chrysospermum (Sacc.) Hoehn. M. blochi Matr. R. elegans Corda S. opizi Corda S. nivalis Lagerh. S. chrysospermum (Bull.) Lk. S. dispiroides Thaxt, S. maticola Speg. S. elegans (Corda) Harz S. icterus Fkl. S. rosea Karst. S. roseum Lk. L. aureum S. & F. T. microspora (Corda) Sacc. T. lignorum (Tode) Harz S. chlorogenum Mont. U. cordae S. & B. V. infestans Cost. V. agaricinum (Lk.) Corda V. sulphurea Torr. X. farinosus P. & S. Hyalodidymac Arthrobotrys Corda Prachtfl. 21 1839. A. superba Corda Bostrichonema Ces. Erb. Critt. Ital. n. 149 1859. B. alpestre Ces. Cephalothecium Corda Anleit. 57 1842. C. roseum Corda Cylindrocladium Morgan Bot. Gaz. 46:191 1892. C. scoparium Morg. Didymaria Corda Icon. Fung. 6:8 1854. D. ungeri Corda 390 MONILIALES Didymodadium Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:186 1886. Didymopsis Sacc. & March. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 24:61 1885. Diplocladium Bon. Handb. Myk. 98 1851. Diploospora Grove Jour. Bot. 54:220 1916. Diplorhinotrichum Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 111:1040 1902. Handb. Myk. 98 1851. Ned. Arch. 3:2:902 1903. Hedwigia 57:336, ill. 1916. Fung. Hoyersw. 128 1851. Diplosporium Bon. Haplariopsis Oud. Hormiactina Bub. Hormiactis Preuss i^mdauopsis Zahlbr. Cent. Bakt. 2:20:187 1907. Mycogone Link Sp. PI. Fung. 1:29 1824. Chlamydomyces Bainier Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 23:240, ill. 1907; Syll. Fung. 22:130 1913. Ramulariopsis Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 20:421 1910. Rhynchosporium Heinsen Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. 18:43 1901. Trichothecium Link Sp. PI. Fung. 1 :28 1824. D. ternatum (Bon.) Sacc. D. perexigua S. & M. D. minus Bon. D. rosea Grove D. candidulum Hoehn. D. album Bon. H. fagicola Oud. H. wroblewski Bub. H. alba Treuss L. caloplacae Zahlbr. M. rosea Lk. C. diffusus bain. R. cnidoscoli Speg. R. graminicola Hein, T. roseum Lk. Hyalophragmiae Allantospora Wakk. Meddeel. Proefst. Oost- Java 2:28:4 1895. Amastigis Bond. Mont. Mat. Mik. Ross. 5:2 1921; for Amastigosporium. Blastotrichum Corda Icon. Fung. 2:10, ill. 1838. Candelospora Rea & Hawley Proc. Roy. Irish Acad 13:11 1912. Cephaliophora Thaxt. Bot. Gaz. 37:157 1903. Dactylaria Sacc. Michelia 2:20 1880. Dactylella Grove Jour. Bot. 22:199, ill. 1884. Dactylium Nees Syst. Pilz. 58 1817. Fusoma Corda Icon. Fung. 1:7 1837. Gueguenia Bainier Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 23:107, ill. 1907. Mastigosporium Riess Fres. Beitr. Myk. 56 1852. Milowia Massee Jour. Roy. Micr. Soc. 2:4:841 1884. Moeszia Bub. Bot. Koezlem. 13:94, ill. 1914. Monacrosporium Oud. Neder. Kruidk. Arch. 2:4:250 1884. Mucrosporium Preuss Linnaea 24:128 1851. Paraspora Grove Jour. Bot. 22:196, ill. 1884. Piricularia Sacc. Michelia 2:20 1880. Pithomyces B. & Br. Jour. Linn. Soc. 14:100 1875. Neomichelia P. & S. Malpighia 15:246 1901; Syll. Fung. 10:393 1902. A. B. C. C. D. D. D. F. G. M. M. M. M. M. P. P. P. N. radicicola Wakk. graminicola B. M. confervoides Corda ilicicola Hawley tropica Thaxt. purpurella Sacc. minuta Grove dendroides (Bull.) Fr. glandarium Corda caespitosa Bain. album Riess nivea Mass. cylindroides Bub. elegans Oud. tenellum (Fr.) Sacc. septata Grove grisea (Cke.) Sacc. flavus B. & Br. melaxantha P. & S. MONILIACEAE 391 Psammina Rouss. & Sacc. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 29:295 1891. Ramularia Unger Exanthem. 169 1833; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:20 1880. Eriomycopsis Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:429 1911; Syll. Fung. 22:1328 1913. Rotaea Ces. Bot. Zeit. 9:180 1851. Septocylindrium Bon. Handb. Myk. 35 1851; cf. Hoehn. Mitt. Bot. Hochs. Wien 4:102 1927. Trichoconis Clem. Gen. Fung. 145, 176. 1909. Triposporina Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 121:410 1912. Varicosporium Kegel Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 24:213 1906. R. E. R. S. T. bommeriae R. & S. urticae Ces. bonplandi Speg. ilava Ces. septatum Bon, caudata (Ap. & Str.) Clem. T. uredinicola Hoehn. V. elodeae Keg. Hyalodictyae Bull. Soc. Myc. Coniodictyum Har. & Pat Fr. 25:13 1909. Hyalodema Magnus Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 28:379 1910; Syll. Fung. 22:1330 1913. H. Stemphyliopsis A. L. Smith Jour. Roy. Micr. Soc. 1901:617, ill. S. Scolecosporae Ccrcosporella Sacc. Michelia 2:20 1880. C. Staurosporae Aerate Syd. Ann. Myc. 27:84, ill. 1929. A. Lemonniera De Wild. Ann. Soc. Belg. Micr. 18:143 1894. L. Monogrammia Stev. Trans. 111. Acad. Sci. 10:202, ill. 1917. M. Pedilospora Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 111:1047 1902. P. Prismaria Preuss Fung. Hoyersw. n. 86 1851. P. Stephanoma Wallr. Fl. Crypt. 2:269 1833. S. Synthetospora Morgan Bot. Gaz. 46:192 1892; Syll. Fung. 11:608 1895. S. Titaea Sacc. Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 8:193 1876. T. Maxillospora Hoehn. Sitzb. Akad. Wien 123:138 1914. Tetracladium De Wild. Ann. Soc. Belg. Micr. 17:35, ill. 1893. T. Trinacrium Riess Fres. Beitr. Myk. 42 1852. T. C. chevalieri H. & P. evansi Magn. heterospora Smith persica Sacc. costaricana Syd. aquatica De Wild. iniconiae Stev. parasitans Hoehn. alba Preuss strigosum Wallr. electa Morg. callispora Sacc. M. maxilliformis (Rostr.) Hoehn. marchalianum De Wild, subtile Riess Helicosporae Giorn. Ital. Helicodendrum Peyron. Nuov n. s. 25:460, ill. 1918. Helicodesmus Linder Am. Jour. Bot. 12:267 1925. H Helicomyces Link Obs. Myc. 1:19 1809. H Helicoum Morgan. Jour. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist. 15:49 1892. H H. paradoxum Peyron. albus Linder roseus Lk. sessile Morg. 392 MONILIALES Genera Incertae Sedis Vel Dubia A. nigrum Sopp Acaulium Sopp Videns. Skrift. 1:42 1912. Acrospira Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 4:8:299 1857; Syll. Fung. 14:1056 1899. Andreaea Palm & Jochems Dept. Proef. Medan-Sumatra Bull. 19:19, ill. 1923; name later changed to Andreaeana because of Andreaea Ehrh. 1778. Aposporella Thaxt. Bot. Gaz. 69:11, ill. 1920. Corollium Sopp Videns. Skrift. 1:33, 98, ill. 1912. Dactylomyces Sopp Videns. Skrift. 1 :35 1912. Diploidium Arnaud Ann. Epiphyt. 9:33 1923. Elaeodema Syd. Ann. Myc. 20:64 1922. Gemmophora Schkorbatov Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 30:474 1912. Grallomyces Stev. Bot. Gaz. 65:245, ill. 1918. Helostroma Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 18:52, ill. 1902; Syll. Fung. 18:630 1906. Heptasporium Brefeld Unters. Myk. 15:111 1912. Hormisciopsis Sumstine Mycologia 6:32, jll. 1914. Mauginiella Cav. Rend. Accad. Line. 6:1:67 1925. Pericystis Betts Ann. Bot. 26:798, ill. 1912; Syll. Fung. 24:10, 1331 1928. Phacellula Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:139 1927. Phyllocarbon Lloyd Myc. Notes 65:1066 1921. Polymorphomyces Coupin Rev. Gen. Bot. 26:248, ill. 1914. Sachsia C. Bay. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 12:90, ill. 1894. Sarcinomyces Lind:icr 3:300 1901. Sporoclema Tiesenh. 7:302, ill. 1912. Vasculomyces Ashby. Jamaica 2:151 1913. Mikr. Betriebs. Ed. Arch. Hydr. Plankt. Bull. Dept. Agr. A. crouani Mont. A. deliensis P. & J. A. elegans Thaxt. C. dermatophagum Sopp D. thermophilus Sopp D. sweetiae Arn. E. cinnamomi Syd. G. purpurascens Schkor. G. portoricensis Stev. H. album Pat. H. gracile Bref. H. gelatinosa Sumst. M. scaettae Cav. P. alvei Betts P. gouaniae Syd. P. yasudai Lloyd P. bonnieri Coupin S. albicans Bay S. crustaceus Lindn. S. piriforme Tiesenh. V. xanthosomae Ashby DEMATIACEAE Amerosporae Acremoniella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:302 1886. Acrodesmis Syd. Ann. Myc. 24:424 1926. Acrospira B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 3:7:449 1861. Acrotheca Fkl. Symb. Myc. 380 1869. Actinochaete Ferro Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 14:232 1907. Arthrinium Kze. Myk. Heft. 1 :9 1817. Camptoum Link Sp. PI. Fung. 1:44 1824; Syll. Fung. 4:276 1886. A. atra (Corda) Sacc. A. cestri Syd. A. mirabilis B. & Br. A. caulium Sacc. A. arachnoidea Ferro A. caricicolum Kze. & Schm. C. curvatum (K. & S.) Lk. DEMATIACEAE 393 Pseudocamptoum Frag. & Cif. Bol. Espan. Hist. Nat. 25:453, ill. 1925. Aspergillopsis Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:434 1911. Basisporium MoUiard Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 18:168 1902. Nigrospora Zimm. Cent. Bakt. 2:8:220 1902; Syll. Fung. 18:571 1906. Phaeoconis Clem. Gen. Fung. 148 1909. Botryotrichum Sacc. & March. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 24:66 1885. Cadophora Lagerb. & Melin Svcn. Skogs. Tids. 25:263, ill. 1927. Campsotrichum Ehrenb. Silv. Myc. Bcrol. 11 1818. Catenularia Grove Syll. Fung. 4:303 1886. Cephalotrichum Berk. Out!. 344 1860. Haplographium B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. 3:3:360 1859; Syll. Fung. 4:304 1886. Chaetopsis Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. 4 t. 236 1826; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:26 1881. Monilochaetes (E. & Hals.) Hartcr Jour. Agr. Res. 5:791, ill. 1916. Chalara Corda Icon. Fung. 2:9 1838. Chalaropsis Peyron. Staz. Sper. Agr. Ital. 49:595, ill. 1916. Chloridium Link Obs. Myc. 1:11 1809. Circinotrichum Nees Syst. Pilz. 19 1817. Cirromyces Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 1:529 190.^. Cladorhinum Sacc. & March. Bu.ll. Soc. Bot. Belg. 24:64 1885. Columnophora Bub. & Vlcug. .Ann. Myc. 14:349, ill. 1916. Conioscypha Hoehn. Ann. Myc. 2:58 1904. Coniosporium Link Obs. Alyc. 1:8 1809; cm. Sacc. Michelia 2:21 1881. Constantinella Matr. Rech. Do v. Muccd. 1892:92, ill. Cordelia Speg. Cystodendrum 1914. Cysiophora Rabh. Krypt. Fl. Deut. 75 Dematium Pers. Tent. Disp. 41 1797. Dictyochaeta Speg. Physis 7:18, ill. 1923. Dicyma Boul. Rev. Gen. Bot. 9:25, ill. 1897. Echinobotryum Corda Anleit. 10 1842. Ellisiella Sacc. Michelia 2:26 1881. Eriomene Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:326 1886, as subg. Fuckelina Sacc. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 7:326 1875. Fusella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:246 1886. Glenospora B. & C. Grevillea 4:161 1876. P. citri F. & C. An. Soc. Arg. 22:210 1886. Bub. Ann. Myc. 12:212, ill. 1844. A. B. N. P. B. C. C. C. nigra (van Tiegh.) Speg. gallarum Moll. panici Zimm. panici (Zimm.) Clem. "piluliferum S. & M. fastigiata L. & M. unicolor Ehrenb. simplex Grove curtum Berk. H. dehcatum B. & Br. C. grisea (Ehrenb.) Sacc. M. infuscans (E. & H.) Hart. C. fusidioides Corda C. thielavioides Peyron. C. viride Lk. C. maculiforme Nees C. caudigerus Hoehn. C. fecundissimum S. & M. C. rhytismatis Bub. ' C. lignicola Hoehn. C. apiosporis Sacc. C. cristata Matr. C. spinulosa Speg. C. dryophilum (Pass.) Bub. C. craterioides Rabh. D. hispidulum (Pers.) Fr. D. fuegiana Speg. D. ampuUifera Boul. E. atrum Corda E. caudatum (Pk.) Sacc. E. ciliata (Corda) Sacc. F. microspora Sacc. F. patellata (Bon.) Sacc. G. curtisi B. & C. 394 MONILIALES Gliomastix Gueguen Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 21:240, ill. 1905. Gonatobotryum Sacc. Michelia 2:24 1881. Gonatorhodum Corda Anleit. 48 1842. Gongromeriza Preuss Linnaea 24:106 1851. Goniosporium Link Sp. PI. Fung. 1:45 1824; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 359 1923. Gonytrichum Nees Act. Acad. Leop. 9:244, ill. 1818. Gyroceras Corda Icon. Fung. 1:9 1837. Haplobasidium Eriks. Bot. Cent. 38:786 1889. Helicocephalum Thaxt. Bot. Gaz. 16:201 1891. Helicotrichum Nees Act. Nat. Cur. 9:246 1818. Hemispora Vuill. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 22:128 1906. Heterobotrys Sacc. Michelia 2:21 1881. Hormiactella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:311 1886. Hormiscium Kze. Myk. Heft. 1:12 1817. Hormodendrum Bon. Bot. Zeit. 11:286 1853; em. Harz. Hyphom. 52 1871. Memnoniella Hoehn. Cent. Bakt. 2:60:16 1923. Lacellina Sacc. Ann. Myc. 11 :418 1913. Leptographium Lagerb. & Melin Sven. Skogs. Tids. 25:257, ill. 1927. Menispora Pers. Myc. Eur. 1:32 1822. Mesobotrys Sacc. Michelia 2:27 1881. Microclava Stev. Trans. 111. Acad. Sci. 10:205, ill. 1917. Microtypha Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:432 1911. Monotospora Corda Icon. Fung. 1:11 1837. Myxotrichella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10:593 1892; 14:57 1899. Oedemium Link Sp. PI. Fung. 1:42 1824. Pachytrichum Syd. Ann. Myc. 23:420, ill. 1925. Periconia Fres. Beitr. Myk. 20, ill. 1850. Periconiella Sacc. Misc. Myc. 2:17 1884. Peziotrichum (Sacc.) Lind. Syll. Fung. 11:614 1895, as subg.; Lind. Nat. Pflanzenf. 1:1:467 1900. Phialophora Medlar Mycologia 7:202, ill. 1915. Pimina Grove Jour. Bot. 26:206 1888. Pirostomella Sacc. Ann. Myc. 12:308 1914; cf. Syd. & Petr. lb. 27:108 1929. Prophytroma Sorok. Hedwigia 16:87 1877. Rhacodiella Peyron. Staz. Sper. Agr. Ital. 52:39, ill. 1919. Rhinocladium Sacc. & March. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 24:65 1885. G. chartarum (Corda) Gueg. G. fuscum Sacc. G. speciosum Corda G. clavaeformis Preuss G. puccinoides (K. & S.) Lk. G. caesium Nees G. ammonis Corda H. thalictri Eriks. H. H. H. H. H. H. sarcophilum Thaxt. obscurum (Corda) Sacc. stellata Vuill. paradoxa Sacc. fusca (Fr.) Sacc. altum Ehrenb. H. olivaceum (Corda) Bon. M. aterrima Hoehn. L. libyca S. & T. L. lundebergi L. & M. M. glauca (Lk.) Pers. M. fusca (Corda) Sacc. M. miconiae Stev. M. saccharicola Speg. M. sphaerocephala B. & Br. M. spelaea Sacc. O. atrum Lk. P. guazumae Syd. P. pycnospora Fres. P. velutina (Wint.) Sacc. P. lachnella (Sacc.) Lind. P. verrucosa Medlar P. parasitica Grove P. raimundi Sacc. P. tubularis Sorok. R. castaneae (Bain.) Peyron. R. coprogenum S. & M. i DEMATIACEAE 395 Rhopalocystis Grove Jour. Econ. Biol. 6:40 1911. Sarcopodium Ehrenb. Silv. Myc. Berol. 12, 23 1818. Scopularia Preuss Linnaea 24:133 1851. Sporendonema Desm., em. Oud. Verb. Acad. Amsterdam 3:2:115, ill. 1885. Stachybotryella Ell. & Earth. Jour. Myc. 8:177 1902. Stachybotrys Corda Anleit. 57 1842. Stachylidium Link. Obs. Myc. 1:13 1809; cm. Sacc. Michelia2:27 1881. Stirochaete A. Br. & Casp. Krank. Pfl. 28, ill. 1853. Streptothrix Corda Anleit. 43 1842. Synsporium Preuss Linnaea 24:121 1851: cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 789. 1912. Thielaviopsis Went. De Anan. 4, ill. 1893. Torula Pers. Syn. Fung. 693 1801; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:21 1881. Torulina Sacc. & D. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 18:566 1906. Torulopsis Oud. Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 3:12 1903; not Berl. 1894. Trichobotrys Penz. & Sacc. Malpighia 15:245 1901. Trichosporium Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 492 1849. Urophiala Vuill. Bull. Soc. Nancy 3:11:169, ill. 1910. Ustilaginodes Bref. Unters. Myk. 12:195 1895. Verticicladium Preuss Linnaea 24:127 1851. Virgaria Necs Syst. Pilz. 54 1817. Dichotomella Sacc. Ann. Myc. 12:312 1914. Zygodesmella Fragoso Bol. Espan. Hist. Nat. 17:260, ill. 1917. Zygodesmus Corda Icon. Fung. 1:11 1837. Zygosporium Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:17:120 1842. R. nigra (van Tiegh.) Grove S. fuscum (Corda) Sacc. S. venusta Preuss S. terrestre Oud. S. repens E. & B. S. atra Corda S. bicolor Lk. S. malvarum Br. & Casp. S. fusca Corda S. biguttatum Preuss T. ethacetica Went. T. herbarum Lk. T. serotinae (Oud.) S. & D. S. T. serotinae Oud. T. pannosa P. & S. T. fuscum (Lk.) Sacc. U. mycophila Vuill. U. oryzae Bref. V. trifidum Preuss V. nigra Nees D. areolata Sacc. Z. casaresi Frag. Z. fuscus Corda Z. oescheoides Mont. Didymosporae Bol. Staz. Pat. Rome Bol. Soc. 1882. Fr. Arthrobotryella Sibil. 8:448, ill. 1928. Asperisporium Afaubl. Lavoura; Agr. Rio Jan. 16:212 1913. Beltrania Penz. Nuov. Giorn. Ital. 14:72 Bispora Corda. Icon. Fung. 1:9 1837. Cephalomyces Bain. Bull. Soc. Myc 23:109 1907. Cladosporium Link Sp. PI. Fung. 1:39 1824. Cladotrichum Corda Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. 3:3:39, ill. 1831. Cordana Preuss Linnaea 24:129 1851. Cycloconium Cast. Cat. PI. Marseilles 220, ill. 1845. A. hernica Sibil, A. caricae (Speg.) Maubl. B. rhombica Penz. B. monilioides Corda C. nigricans Bain. C. herbarum (Pers.) Lk. C. polysporum Corda C. pauciseptata Preuss C. elaeaginum Cast. 396 MONILIALES Dicoccum Corda Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. 3:2:117, ill. 1829. D. Diplococcium Grove Jour. Bot. 23:167 1885. D. Epochnium Link Obs. Myc. 1:16 1809. E. Fusicladium Bon. Handb. Myk. 80 1851; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:27 1881. F. Basiascum Cav. Att. 1st. Pavia 2:1:433 1888; Syll. Fung. 10:474 1892. B. Didymariopsis Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:424 1911; Syll. Fung. 22:1373 1913. D. Fusicladiella Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Gcs. 37:155 1919. F. Napicladium Thuem. Hedwigia 14:3 1875; Syll. Fung. 4:481 1886. N. Passalora Fr. & Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:6:31 1836; Syll. Fung. 4:344 1886. P. Gonyella Syd. Ann. Myc. 17:44 1919. G. Arthrobotryum Rostrup Dan. Bot. Arch. 2:46 1916; not Cesati 1854. A. Hadronema Syd. Ann. Myc. 7:172 1909. H. Muchmoria Sacc. Ann. Myc. 4:277 1906. M. Polythrincium Kze. & Schm. Myk. Heft. 1:13 1817. P. Pseudobeltrania Henn. Hedwigia 41:310 1902. P. Scolecobasis Abbott Mycologia 19:30, ill. 1927; for Scolecobasidium. S. Scolecotrichum Kze. & Schm. Myk. Heft. 1:10 1817. S. Trichocladium Harz Hyphom. 38 1871. H. minutissimum Corda spicatum Grove monilioides Lk. dendriticum (Wallr.) Fkl. eriobotryae Cav. cuphaeicola Speg. aronici (Sacc.) Hoehn. soraueri Thuem. bacilligera F. & M. typica (Rostr.) Syd. typicum Rostr. orbiculare Syd. portoricensis Sacc. trifolii Kze. cedrelae Henn. terrea Abbott virescens Kze. asperum Harz Phragmosporae Acrothecium Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:483 1886. Pleurothecium Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 37:154 1919. Sirospora Mang. & Vine. Bull. Soc. Afyc. Fr. 36:96, ill. 1920; cf. Peyron. lb. Atractina Hoehn. Hedwigia 43:298 1904. Blodgettia Wright Trans. Irish Acad. 28:25 1881. Brachysporium Sacc. Michelia 2:28 1881. Camarosporium Harkn. Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:37 1884. Ceratophorum Sacc. Michelia 2:22 1881. Cercosporidium Earlc Muhlenbcrgia 1:16 1901. Camptomeris Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:141 1927. Chaetotrichum Syd. Ann. Myc. 25:150, ill. 1927. Chiropodium Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:42 1915. Clasterosporium Schw. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. s. 4:300 1834; em. Sacc. Michelia 2:22 1881. A. bulbosum Sacc. P. recurvatum (Morg.) Hoehn. S. castaneae M. & V. A. biseptata Hoehn. B. borneti Wright B. obovatum (Berk.) Sacc. C. antennatum Harkn. C. helicosporum Sacc. C. helleri Earle C. calliandrae Syd. C. solani Syd. C. flagellatum Syd. C. caricinum Schw. DEMATIACEAE 397 Napicladium Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4:482 1886. N. Phanerocorynelia Hoehn. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 37:157 1919. P. Septoideum Arnaud Ann. Epiphyt. 7:106 1921. S. Dendryphiella Bub. & Ran. Ann. Myc. 12:417 1914. D. Dendryphium Wallr. Fl. Crypt. 2:300 1833. D. Ormathoidium Syd Ann. Myc. 26:138 1928. O. Drepanospora B. & C. Grevillea 3:105 1875; cf. Hoehn. Frag. Myk. 566. 1910. D. Endophragmia Duvern. & Maine Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 36:88, ill. 1920. E. Eriomenella Peyron. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 35:180, ill. 1919. E. Excioconis Plunk. Bishop Mus. Bull. 19:156, ill. 1925; for Excioconidiuni. E. Fusariella Sacc. Misc. Myc. 1 :29 1884. F. Helminthosporium Link Berl. Mag. 3:10 1809: em. Sacc. Michelia 2:641 1881. Heterosporium Klotzsch Herb. Myc. 1:67 1832. Hyphosoma Syd. Ann. Myc. 22:315 1924. Jainesia Frag. & Cif. Bol. Espan. Hist. Nat. 25:514 1925. Ophiotrichum Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. 503 1849. Peyronelia Cif. & Frag. Bol. Espan. Hist. Nat. 27:334, ill. 1927. P. Polydesmus Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 3:4:365 1845. P. Rhynchomyces Willk. Mikr. Feind. Wald. 87, ill. 1866; not Sacc. 1885. R. Septonema Corda Icon. Fung. 1:9 1837. S. Pseudocercospora Speg. An. Mus. Nac. 3:13:437 1911. Spondylocladium Mart. Fl. Crypt. Erlang. 355 1817. S. Sporoschisma B. & Br. Card. Chron. 1847:540. S. Stemphyliomma Sacc. & Trav. Syll. Fung. 20:886 1911; 22:1394 1913. Stemphyliopsis Speg. Rev. Fac. Agron. 6:193 1910; not A. L. Smith 1901; Syll. Fung. 22:1394 1913. S. Stigmina Sacc. Michelia 2:22 1881. S. Urosporium Fingerh. Linnaea 10:231 1836. U. brunaudi Sacc. fungorum (Fr.) Hoehn. clusiaceae Am. interseminata (B. & R.) Bub. & Ran. comosum Wallr. styracis Syd. pannosa B. & C. mirabilis D. & M. tortuosa (Corda) Peyron. cibotti Plunk, viridi-atra Sacc. H. curvatum Corda H. H. J. O. ornithogali Klotzsch hypoxyloides Syd. meliolicola F. & C. phlomidis Fr. sirodesmis C. & F. elegans D. & M. violaceus Willk. secedens Corda P. spora-vitis (Lev.) Speg. fumosum Mart, mirabile B. & Br. S. valparadis (Speg.) S. & T. valparadis Speg. platani (Fkl.) Sacc. curvatum Fingerh. Dictyosporae Alternaria Nees Syst. Pilz. 2:72 1817. Rhopalidium Mont. & Fr. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2:6:30 1836; cf. Hoehn. Syst. Fung. Imp. 361 1923. Coccosporium Corda Sturm Deut. Crypt. Fl. 3:3:49, ill. 1831. A. tenuis Nees R. brassicae M. & Fr. C. maculiforme Corda 398 MONILIALES Coleodictys Charles Phytopath. 19:1051, ill. 1929; for Coleodictyospora. C. Coniothecium Corda Icon. Fung. 1:2 1837. C. Conotheciella Speg. Physis 4:295 1919. C. Dactylosporium Harz. Hyphom. 44 1871. D. Dictyosporium Corda Weitw. Beitr. Nat. 1:87 1836; Icon. Fung. 2:6 1838. D. Fumago I'ers. Myc. Eur. 1:9 1822; cf. Speg. Physis 4:292 1918. F. Caldariomyces Woronich. Ann. Myc. 24:264 1926. C. Macrosporium Fr. Syst. Myc. 2>:2)72> 1 1876; Hansen Comp. Rend. Carlsberg 2:50 1883; not Pers. 1801. Tyridiomyces Wheeler Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 23:669 1907; Syll. Fung. 24:1034 1928. L. M. P. M. N. P. B. M. P. T. C. E. E. polymorphus Mon. gisevi Lind. vini Will, cerevisiae Desm, reukaufi (Gruess) Syd. reukaufi Gruess albus Q. & L. albomarginata Geig. krausi Ota vulgaris Berkh. braulti Pinoy craterica Will, kochi Wettst. albicans Bay apiculatus (Reess) Kloeck. tenuis Buch. hispidula (Pers.) Berkh. rosea Berl. kitae Harr. fermentum Kuetz. vulgaris Will. ellipsoidea (Will.) Cif. glutinis Harr. T. cerevisiae Turpin T. formicarum Wheel. GENERA DUBIA 413 Genera Omnino Dubia Agostaea (Sacc.) Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:359, 668 1915; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9:293 1891; 24:1321 1928. A. lantanae (Henn.) T. & S. Chlamydosporium Peyron. Inaug. Diss. Padua 18 1913. (publication not seen) Dioranotropis Rev. Agr. Reunion 6:5 1900; Syll. Fung. 24:1321 1928. D. vastatrix Dubiomyces Lloyd Myc. Notes 65:1034 1921. D. viridis Lloyd Nothospora Peyron. Inaug. Diss. Padua 20 1913. (publication not seen) Phyllomyces Lloyd Myc. Notes 65:1057 1921. P. multiplex Lloyd Spermophthora Ashby & Howell Ann. Bot. 42:72 1926. S. gossypii A. & H. Thalassomyces Niezabitowski Kosmos 38:1563 1913; Myc. Cent. 5:141 1914. T. spiczakovi Niez. Trichodiscula Vouaux Rech. Lich. Dunq. 7i 1910. (publication not seen) Valdensia Peyron. Staz. Sper. Ital. 56:521, ill. 1923. V. heterodoxa Peyron. 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Glossary of Latin and English Terms a, an, witliout (in comp.) ab, from abbreviatus, shortened abeuns, deviating, going into abhorreo, abhor, differ from abiegnus, fir abietinus, fir abnormis, abnormal abortivus, abortive, poor, abnormal abortus, aborted, undeveloped abrupte, abruptly . absconditus, concealed, hidden absque, apart from, but for abundans, abundant abunde, abundantly ac, and acaudatus, without a tail accede, to approach accessory, additional accipio, to accept acerinus, maple acervulatus, heaped, massed acervulus, i. m., a little heap acervus, i. m., a heap achromaticus, without color achrous, colorless acicularis, acicular, needle-shaped acidulus, slightly acid acies, ei, f., edge acotyledon, nis, m., cryptogam acquire, to acquire acris, sharp acrogenus, acrogenous, borne at tip acropleurogenus, borne at the tip and on the sides aculeatus, aculeate, spiny, pointed aculeolatus, somewhat spiny or pointed acuminatus, acuminate, long-pointed acus, us, f., needle acutatus, acute acutiusculus, somewhat acute acutus, acute ad, to adesse, to be present adhibitus, used, applied adhuc, as yet, hitherto adinterim, meanwhile adlatus, allatus, brought, carried admiro, to look, wonder at admodum, at least, fully, very adnatus, adnate, touching broadly adparenter, apparently adproximatus, drawn near adscendens, ascending adsociatus, clustered adspectus, us, ni., sight, appearance adultus, fully grown adustus, burned, blackened aecidiiformis, aecidium-shaped aeciospore, aecidiospore, the conidium of the rust cluster-cup aecium, aecidium, the cluster-cup of rusts aegre, poorly, with difficulty aegrotans, languishing, diseased aemulans, rivalling aemulor, to emulate, excel aemulus, similar aeneus, brazen, coppery aequalis, equal aequans, equalling aequidistans, equally distant aequiparo, to compare, equal aer, is, m., air, atmosphere aerius, aerial aerobius, growing in the air aerophilus, aerial aeruginosus, copper-colored aestas, atis, f., summer aetas, atis, f., age, lifetime aeternus, eternal affectus, affected affero, to bring, carry afHxus, attached afflatus, swollen agamicus, asexual agamus, asexual agaricole, living on mushrooms ager, ri, m., field agglomeratus, heaped together aggregatus, grouped together agnosco, to recognize, identify alatus, winged 433 434 GENERA OF FUNGI albens, whitened, white albicans, whitening albidus, white albofarctus, white-stuffed albolutescens, whitish-yellow albus, white alcoholicus, containing or producing al- cohol aleurispore, simple lateral conidium of the dermophytes algicole, living on algae alicui, some, any alienus, foreign, strange aliquando, at sometime, once aliquantisper, for a while aliquantulus, somewhat, a little alius, another, other alius — alius, some — others allantoideus, allantoid, sausage-shaped, short and curved alliaceus, onion-like alliciens, attracting alpis, f., mountain alte, deeply alternus, alternate, other altitude, inis, f., height altus, high, tall alutaceus, leather-colored, grayish-yellow alveolatus, alveolate, honey-combed, with hollows alveolus, i, m., a little hollow amaricans, making bitter, irritating amarus, bitter, pungent ambiens, surrounding ambitus, us, m., periphery, circle, edge amentum, i, n., catkin amerosporus, with one-celled spores amethysteus, amethyst-colored amictus, us, m., garment, cover amissus, lost, dismissed ammoniacalis, ammonia-like amnis, is, m., brook amoeboideus, amoeboid, amoeba-like amoebiformis, amoeba-form amoene, beautifully amoenus, beautiful, pleasant amoveo, to withdraw amphibius, amphibious, living on land and in water, or in mud amphigenus, borne on both sides amplectens, clasping amplecto, to wind or clasp amplus, broad, ample ampuUiformis, ampulliform, cushion-like amycelicus, without mycelium amygdalinus, almond-like, pink an, or, whether — or analogus, similar anastomosans, anastomosing, running to- gether anceps, cipitis, two-headed, double androgynus, with male and female anfractuosus, tortuous, prolix angularis, angular, angled angulosus, angulose, angled angustatus, narrowed angustus, narrow anhistus, without cellular structure animalcula, ae, f., little animal annularis, ring-like annulatim, in a ring annulatus, annulate, with a ring, ringed annuliform, ring-like annulus, i, m., a ring annuosus, aged, old anormaliter, abnormally anserinus, of or pertaining to geese ante, before anteccdens, preceding antennaroideus, with dark mycelium or subiculum antheridiiformis, antheridium-like antheridium, ii, m., antherid, male sex- organ antherozoidium, ii, n., antherozoid, motile male cell antice, in front aparaphysatus, without paraphyses aperio, to open, uncover apertus, open apex, icis, m., tip apiculatus, apiculate, with a point apiculiformis, like a little point apophysatus, with a supporting cell apophysis, is, f., swelling, swollen fila- ment, often paraphysis-like apothecium, ii, n., cup or disk containing asci appendicula, ae, f., little appendage appendiculatus, appendiculate, append- aged appendix, icis, f., appendage applanatus, applanate, flattened approximatus, close, near apricus, wild apud, at apus, odis, without a stalk aquaeductus, us, m., aqueduct GLOSSARY 435 aquaticus, aquatic, living in water aquosus, watery arachnoideus, cobwebby araneosus, cobwebby arbor, is, f., tree arbusculiformis, shrub-like arete, closely arcticus, arctic arcuatim, bow-like, curved arcuatus, arcuate, bow-like area, ae, f., space, spot areola, ae, f., little space areolatus, areolate, marked by areas or spaces arescens, drying aresco, to become drj- argenteus, silvery argentinus, silvery argillaceus, clay-color aridus, dry arista, ae, f., awn aristatus, aristate, awned arrectus, upright, stiff arrhizus, without roots or rhizoids arthrospore, a seriate spore or joint articulatus, jointed articulus, i, m., joint asciger, ascus-bearing ascogenic, producing asci ascogenous, producing asci ascoma, atis, n., a sporocarp containing asci ascophorus, ascus-bearing ascus, i, m., sack asiaticus, Asiatic asper, rough asperatus, asperate, roughened aspergo, to scatter, sprinkle asperulus, slightly roughened asser, eris, m., branch, beam, post assurgens, ascending asterigmaticus, without stalks asterineus, star-like, radiate asteroid, star-like, radiate asteroma-like, with radiate subicle astomous, mouthless astromatoideus, without a stroma asymmetricus, irrej^ular ater, dark, black atomatus, with small particles atomisticus, tiny atque, also atrans, blackening atratus, dark atrofuscus, dark atroinquinans, blackening atronitidus, black and shining atropiceus, black as pitch atropurpureus, dark purple attenuatus, tapering attingens, touching attolens, raising atypicus, abnormal auctio, onis, f., growth auctor, is, comm., author auctus, enlarged audeo, to dare augmentum, i, n., increase, growth aurantiacus, orange, golden aurantinus, orange auratus, golden aureus, golden auriformis, ear-shaped australis, southern aut, or autem, moreover authenticus, authentic, valid autonomus, complete, independent autumnus, i, m., autumn avellaneus, hazel, gray-brown avulsus, torn-off, separated axicola, growing on the axis axiformis, axis-like axillaris, axillary, growing in an axis azonus, without zones azygospore, a zygospore formed without conjugation B 9 bacca, ae, f., berry baccatus, berry-like bacillaris, bacillar, rod-shaped bacteriformis, bacterium-like bactrosporus, with rod-shaped spores baculum, i, n., rod badius, brown basidiosporus, with spores borne on stalks basidium, ii, n., basidium, rod basilaris, basal basis, is, f., base bene, plainly, well benevole, kindly betulicola, growing on birch betulinus, birchen bi-, two, twice 436 GENERA OF FUNGI biatorine, like Biatora, with a proper but not carbonous exciple bibulus, absorbing biclavuligerus, bearing two club-shaped branches biconic, conic at each end biconvexus, biconvex, convex on both sides bicornus, with two horns, two-branched biformis, or -us, of two forms bifrons, on both sides of the leaf bifurcatus, two-forked biguttulatus, with two globules or vac- uoles bilabellulatus, two-lipped bilabiatus, two-lipped bilobus, two-lobed bilocularis, two-celled binatim, by twos binucleolatus, with two oil-drops binus, two-fold biogenus, biogenous, growing on living organisms, parasitic biophilus, biophilous, parasitic bipartitus, two-parted or-divided bipunctatus, with two vacuoles bis, twice biscoctiformis, biscuit-shaped biserialis, in two rows biseriatus, in two rows bisporus, two-spored bitunicatus, with two walls biuncinatus, two-hooked bombardus, cannon-like borealis, northern botryosus, botryose, clustered like grapes botuliformis, botuliform, sausage-shaped brachiatus, with arms bractea, ae, f., bract brevicoUis, short-necked brevis, short breviter, shortly breviusculus, somewhat short brunneolus, brownish brunneus, brown bulla, ae, f., bubble bullatus, bubble-like, swollen bullula, ae, f., a little swelling bursiformis, bag- or pouch-like byssinus, cottony byssisedus, byssisede, seated on cotton byssoideus, byssoid, cottony byssus, i, f., cotton cacuminalis, pointed cadavericole, living on dead bodies caducus, fallen, deciduous caecitas, atis, f., blindness caerulescens, turning blue caesius, bluish-gray caespes, itis, m., tuft caespitosus, cespitose, in dense groups or tufts caesus, fallen calamus, i, m., stem calcaratus, with a spur calcareus, calcareous, of lime, limy calcariferus, bearing lime calcifer, bearing lime calidarium, ii, n., hot-house callosus, roughened calvescens, becoming bare calvitium, ii, n., bald spot calvus, bare, bald, not pubescent calx, calcis, f., lime calycicola, living on the calyx calyciformis, cup-shaped calycularis, cup-shaped calyptra, ae, f., cap calyx, ycis, m., calyx, cup campaniformis, bell-shaped campanulatus, bell-shaped campylotropus, curved canaliculatus, canaliculate, channeled candicans, becoming white cannabinus, of hemp, hempen canus, hoary capillaris, hair-like capillatura, ae, f., mass of hair capilliform, hair-like, filiform capillitium, ii, n., mass of threads capillus, i, m., hair capitatus, capitate, in heads capitulatus, borne in little heads capitulum, i, n., a little head capreolus, i, m., goat caprinus, of or pertaining to goats capsula, ae, f., capsule caput, itis, n., head carbo, onis, m., carbon, charcoal carbonaceus, like coal carbonicola, on burned-over ground or on charcoal carens, lacking caries, ei, f., decay carinatus, keeled GLOSSARY 437 cariosus, decaying carneus, flesh-colored carnosulus, carnosule, somewhat fleshy carnosus, carnose, fleshy caro, carnis, f., flesh carpogenus, living on fruit carpogonium, ii, n., carpogone, female sex-organ, developing a fruit-body cartilagineus, cartilaginous, tough but pliable caryopsis, idis, f., grain castaneus, chestnut-brown catenate, in chains catenifer, chain-bearing catenigerus, bearing chains catenulatus, catenulate, in chains catenuliformis, chain-like catenulus, m., -a, f., a small chain caterva, ae, f., heap, crowd catervatim, in heaps, in groups cauda, ae, f., tail caudatus, caudate, tailed caudex, icis, m., stalk caudicula, ae, f., a little stalk caulicola, growing on stems caulis, is, m., stem caulogenus, on stems caverna, ae, f., a cavern, hollow cavernosus, with hollows cavernula, ae, f., a little cavity cavitas, atis, f., cavity cavitatus, hollow cavus, i, m., hollow celans, hiding cella, ae, f., a cell celluliformis, cell-shaped cellulosus, cellular, consisting of cells censeo, to think, estimate centrifugus, centrifugal, around the margin centrum, i, n., the center cephalodium, ii, n., a globose to club- shaped projection on a lichen thallus, containing alien algae ceraceus, waxy cerebriformis, brain-like cerebro-convolute, with brain-like folds cerebroid, with convolutions or folds cereus, waxy cerno, to perceive, separate cernuus, nodding, inclined cerumen, inis, n., wax cervinus, tawny cervus, i, m., deer cespitose, clustered, crowded ceteroquin, otherwise, for the rest ceterum, remaining chalybeus, of steel, steel-blue character, eris, m., character, style charta, ae, f., paper chartaceus, papery chlamydospore, a spore with a thick membrane chlamydosporicus, with chlamydospores chlorinus, greenish chlorophyllous, with chloropliyll, green chorda, ae, f., twine, cord cibaria, ae, f., food cicatrix, icis, f., a scar cidaris, is, f., diadem ciliatulus, slightly ciliate ciliatus, ciliate, with long hairs on the margin ciliolatus, ciliolate, with cilia cincinnatus, curled cinctus, surrounded cinerescens, becoming ashen cineresco, to become ashen or gray cinereus, ash-colored cingens, surrounding cingulatus, surrounded, bordered cingulus, i, m., a little belt cinnabarinus, orange-red cinnamomeus, cinnamon-colored circa, near circinatus, circinate, coiled circino, to circle circiter, about circuitus, us, m., a circuit circulus, i, m., a circle circumambiens, encircling circumdatus, surrounded circumscissile, splitting circularly circumscriptus, circumscribed circumtextus, surrounded circumvallatus, surrounded cirrhatus, curled cirrhosus, cirrhose, curly cirrhus, i, m., curl citatus, cited cite, to name, mention cito, soon, rather citriformis, citriform, lemon-shaped citrinus, lemon-yellow cladodium, ii, n., a flattened branch cladogenus, borne on branches clathratus, clathrate, latticed clausus, closed 438 GENERA OF FUNGI clava, ae, f., a club clavaria-like, club-shaped, or coral-like clavatus, club-shaped clavis, is, f., a key clavoid, club-like clavula, ae, f., a little club clavulatus, clavulate, somewhat club- shaped clivosus, hilly clypeatus, shield-like clypeus, i, m., a shield coacervatus, coacervate, heaped together coactus, collected, crowded coadunatio, onis, f., a summing up coadunatus, united, collected coalescens, coalesced, running together coalitus, joined, running together coarctatus, crowded coccineus, bright-red coccus, i, m., round cell, berry cochleariformis, spoon-shaped cochleatus, shell-like, ear-like coctus, cooked coenobium, ii, n., a colony coerulescens, turning blue coffeatus, coffee-like coffeicolor, coffee-colored coffeiformis, coffee-shaped cognatus, related cogo, to act, collect cohabitans, living together cohaerens, cohering -cola, inhabiting, growing on coUabasco, to fall in collabens, collabent, collapsing, falling in collapsus, collapsed, sunken collariatus, collared, attached to a collar coUectivus, collected coUiculosus, with tiny elevations coUum, i, n., a neck colonia, ae, f., a colony color, is, m., color coloratio, onis, f., coloration, color coloratus, colored coloreus, colored columella, ae, f., columella, a small pillar columnaris, columnar, cylindroid comatus, shaggy comestibilis, eatable commissura, ae, f., commissure, path, cleft commixtus, mingled communico, to share, communicate communis, common comosus, hairy compactus, dense compaginatus, packed closely complectens, comprising, clasping complecto (r), to clasp complures, several, many compositus, composed, compound compressus, compressed concatenatus, in chains concavus, concave, hollowed concentricus, concentric, having a com- mon center conceptaculum, i. n., conceptacle, hollow, chamber conchiformis, conchiform, shell-shaped concolor, concolorous, of like color concrescens, growing together concretus, united condensus, condensed conditio, onis, f., condition confero, to collect coniertus, crowded confirmatio, onis, f., confirmation conflatus, swollen confluens, confluent, running together confluo, to merge conformis, all alike, similar confundo, to mingle, confuse congestus, crowded conglobatus, conglobate, heaped together conglomeratus, heaped conglutinatus, conglutinate, glued to- gether congregatus, aggregated, grouped congruo, to agree conicus, conical conidium, ii, n., an asexual spore conidial, producing or pertaining to co- nidia conidicus, conidial conidiferus, conidia-bearing conidiole, small conidium usually borne on another conidiome, conidial-bearing body conidiophorum, i, n., conidiophore, a hypha bearing conidia conjugatio, onis, f., conjugation, fusion of two more or less equal sex-cells connatus, connate, joined connexus, connected, united connivens, connivent, approaching conoideus, conoid, cone-shaped consitus, sown, strewn consociatus, joined, associated GLOSSARY 439 consortium, u, n., company conspergens, sprinkling conspersus, scattered, sprinkled conspiciens, observing conspicuus, conspicuous, marked, prom- inent conspurcatus, polluted constanter, firmly, consistently constipatio, onis, f., a crowding constituens, constituting consuetudo, inis, f., a habit consumptus, destroyed contemno, to condemn, disparage contextum, i, n., texture, context contiguus, close continens, containing continuus, continuous, onc-ccllcd contortus, twisted contra, against contractus, narrowed contusus, bruised conus, i, m., a cone convergens, coming together convolutus, convolute, coiled, folded convolutio, onis, f., a fold coopertus, covered, buried copiosus, abundant coprophilus, growing on dung copulans, copulating coralloideus, coralloid, like much- branched coral coriacellus. somewhat leathery coriaceus, coriaceous, corious, leathery corneus, corneous, horny corniculatus, corniculate, horned corniformus, corniform, horn-shaped cornu, us, n., horn cornutus, horned coronatus, crowned corpusculum, i, n., a little body corrugatus, corrugate, ridged corruptus, corrupted, spoiled cortex, icis, m., the bark corticalis, cortical, of bark, on bark corticatus, corticate, with a bark or epi- derm corticola, corticole, growing on bark cortina, ae, f., veil cortinate, with a curtain-like veil corvinus, pertaining to the raven, black costa, ae, f, ridge costatus, costate, ridged crassities, ei, f., thickness crassitudo, inis, f., thickness, width crassiusculus, somewhat broad crassus, broad crateriformis, crateriform, hollowed out creber, crowded cremeus, cream-colored cremicolor, cream-colored crescens, growing, arising cribrosus, sieve-like crinitus, hairy, crested crispatus, curled, curly crispulus, somewhat crisp crispus, crisp crista, ae, f., crest cristatus, crested crocatus, yellow croceus, yellow cruciate, cross-like cruciatim, cruciately, cross-like cruentatus, bloody crusta, ae, f., crust crustaceus, crustaceous, crust-like crustiformis, crust-like crustose, forming a crust, more or less interrupted crustula, ae, f., a little crust cubile, is, n., a bed cuboideus, cuboid, cubical cucullatus, hooded cucumeriformis, cucumber-shaped culmicola, culmicole, growing on grass- stems culmus, i, m., culm, a stalk, stem cultellus, i, m., a small knife culter, tri, m., a knife cultriformis, knife-like cultus, cultivated cum, with cumulatus, heaped up cuneatus, wedge-shaped cuneiformis, wedge-shaped cuniculus, i, m., a rabbit cupreus, coppery cuprinus, coppery cupula, ae, f., a little cup cupularis, cupulatus, cupuliformis, cup- shaped cupuloid, more or less cup-shaped curtus, short curvatus, curved curvus, curved, bent cusp, a point cuspidatus, cuspidate, with a tooth cuticula, ae, f., cuticle cuticularized, witii firm cover or cuticulc 440 GENERA OF FUNGI cutis, is, f., the skin cyanescens, turning blue cyaneus, blue cyathiformis, cup-like cyclus, i, m., a cycle, circle cylindraceus, cylindricus, cylindric cymbiformis, boat-shaped cyphella, ae, f., an opening or hollow in a thallus, more or less cup-shaped cystidium, ii, n., cyst cystophore, the stalk which bears a cell or cyst daedaleus, labyrinthine dealbatus, whitened debilis, weak deciduus, falling decies, ten times declivis, sloping decolor, without color decorticatus, without bark decumbens, prostrate decuplus, tenfold decurrens, decurrent, running down the stem defectus, lacking deficiens, lacking deficio, to lack definitus, definite, fixed, limited deflexus, deflexed, turned downward deformus, deformed, abnormal, misshapen defossus, dug, hidden degenero, to degenerate dehiscens, dehiscent, splitting dein, then, at length dejectus, fallen delapsus, fallen, sunken delicatulus, delicate, fine delineatus, figured deliquescens, deliquescing, liquefying delitescens, hiding dclitesco, to conceal, lurk deltoideus, delta-like, triangular dematium-like, black and cobwebby dematius, black and cottony demonstro, to show demum, at length dendritic, tree-like, branched dendritice, dendritically, tree-like dendroideus, dendroid, tree-like denigratus, blackened denique, at length densus, close, dense dentatus, toothed denticulatus, denticulate, with little teeth denticuligerus, bearing little teeth denudans, denuding, uncovering denudatus, denuded, bare deorsum, downward dependens, hanging deplanatus, flattened depressus, depressed, flattened derasus, rubbed ofiF, smoothed derumpens, breaking descendens, descending desciscens, leaving, deviating describe, to describe descriptus, described desicco, to dry up desinens, ending, closing desquamatus, rubbed off, not scaly destitutus, lacking destruens, destroying destruo, to destroy desum, to fail, to be absent detergibilis, removable, breakable deustus, burnt diametralis, of the diameter diametrum, i, n., diameter diaphanus, diaphanous, translucent diatrypoid, like Diatrype, with a stroma different from the tissue of the matrix dichotomus, dichotomous, two-forked diclinus, with separate sexes dictyosporus, having spores with cross and longitudinal walls didymosporus, with two-celled spores didymus, two-fold or two-celled differo, to differ difficilis, difficult diflfluens, diffluent, dissolving difformis, diformis, of two forms, of un- usual or abnormal form diffractus, broken digestus, broken up digitaliformis, digitate, finger-like digitatus, digitate, finger-like digitiformis, finger-shaped dignosco, to distinguish dignotus, set apart dilabens, breaking apart dilatus, spread out dilute, dilutely dilutus, dilute dimidiatus, dimidiate, halved, shelf-like dimidius, half dimorphus, of two forms GLOSSARY 441 dioecious, sex organs on separate plants diphyletic, arising from two distinct an- cestral groups directio, onis, f., direction directus, straight dirumpens, breaking apart disciformis, disk-shaped discoid, more or less disk-like discolorus, discolorous, discolored discretus, discrete, separate discrimen, inis, n., difference disculus, i, m., little disk disparens, disappearing dispergens, scattering, spreading dispositus, arranged disrumpens, breaking to pieces, shatter- ing disruptus, broken disseco, to cut up dissectus, cut up disseminatus, scattered dissentio, to disagree dissepimentum, i, n., partition, wall disseptum, i, n., barrier, partition dissiliens, bursting, splitting distal, distant, farther distans, remote distichus, distichous, in two rows distinguo, to distinguish disto, to be separate diu, long divaricatus, spreading divello, to tear apart, destroy, remove divergens, diverging divars'modus, in different ways diversus, diverse, different divinans, conjecturing divisio, onis, f., a division divisus, divided dolabriform, resembling a pickaxe doliiformis, doliiform, cask-shaped, jar- shaped dolium, ii, n., cask, jar donacinus, of a reed donatus, furnished dorsiventral, with two unlike sides dorsum, i, n., back dothideaceus, like Dothidea, i. e., loculate dothideoid, like Dothidea, the perithecia reduced to locules in a stroma dubitanter, doubtfully dubius, doubtful duco, to lead ductus, led dulcis, sweet dum, adv., now, yet; conj., while, where dumetum, i. n., a thicket duo, two duodecim, twelve duplo, twice durities, ei, f., hardness duriusculus, somewhat hard durus, hard eburneus, ivory-white ecalcaratus, without a spur ecaudatus, without a tail eccentricus, eccentric, lateral echinatus, spiny echinulatus, echinulate, spiny edulis, edible efferent, leading outward efficiens, causing, producing effiguratus, shaped, formed effoetus, worn out efformatus, formed effundo, to pour out, shed effusus, effuse, spread out egomet, myself egrediens, growing out elasticus, elastic, flexible elater, an elastic filament or capillitium thread elatus, tall elevatus, raised ellipsoideus, ellipsoid, somewhat elliptic ellipticus, elliptical elongatus, lengthened emarcidus, withered, decayed emarginatus, without a margin emergens, emerging emergo, to emerge emersus, emerging emittens, emitting emortuus, dead enatus, arising from endobasidial, continuous with the basid- ium; with enclosed basidia endobiotic, growing within living things endochroma, atis, n., colored contents endogenus, endogenous, borne within endoparasiticus, internally parasitic endoperidium, ii, n., inner peridium endophytic, growing in plants endoplasma, atis, n., protoplasm endoxylus, within wood endozoic, growing in animals 442 GENERA OF FUNGI enim, for entomogenus, entomogenous, living in insects eodem, in the same place; besides epelliculosus, without a covering or pel- licle epidermis, idis, f., epiderm, the surface skin epigaeus, epigean, on the ground epigenus, borne above epiphloeodus, on the bark epiphragma, an upper wall or division epiphyllus, on the upper side of the leaf epiphytic, upon plants epispcrium, ii, n., outer wall of spore epithecium, a layer above the asci, usually formed of the tips of the paraphyses epizoic, growing on animals equinus, equine, belonging to horses erectus, erect ergo, therefore erostratus, without a beak erostris, without a beak erraticus, erratic, wandering error, is, m., error eructans, emitting, belching eructatus, thrown up erumpens, erumpent, bursting out erysiphoideus, like Erysiphe, cobwebby eseptate, without cross walls estriatus, without lines or markings etiam, also etsi, although eumorphus, well-formed eutypoid, eutypous, like Eutype, with an effuse stroma similar to the tissue of the matrix evacuans, emptying evacuatus, emptied evado, to escape evaginatus, without a sheath evanescens, evanescent, disappearing evanidus, vanishing evidentius, more clearly evolutus, developed evolvatus, without a volva evolvens, developing exacte, exactly exalbescens, becoming white exalbidus, whitish exalbugo, to whiten exannulatus, without a ring exappendiculatus, not appendaged exaridus, dried out exasperans, roughening exasperatus, roughened exaspero, to roughen excavatio, onis, f., an excavation, hol- lowing out excavatus, hollowed out excedens, exceeding excentric, out of the center, lateral exciple, the outer wall or covering of an apothecium excipuliformis, cup-shaped excipulum, i, n., exciple, margin exclusus, excluded, separated excrescens, growing out excussus, made, molded excutiens, shaking out exemplaris, model exemplarium, ii, n., specimen, sample exemplum, i, n., an example exesus, consumed, destroyed exhibens, exhibiting exigens, scanty exiguitas, atis, f., smallness, scantiness exiguus, little, small exilis, thin, slender eximie, exceedingly existimo, to estimate exitus, us, m., a departure, escape exobasidial, separated by a wall from the basidium; with exposed basidia exogenus, arising on the outside exoletus, disused, obsolete exoperidium, ii, n., outer peridium exordiens, beginning exoriens, arising exornatus, furnished, adorned exosporium, ii, n., exospore, outer wall of the spore expallens, becoming pale expers, free from, without explodens, exploding expulsus, expelled exquisite, beautifully exsertus, exserted, thrust out exsiccatio, onis, f., a drying out exsiccatus, dried out exsiliens, escaping exsuccus, without milk or juice exsurgo, to rise up extans, projecting, protruding extensio, onis, f., extension externus, external extimus, outermost, ultimate extra, without, outside GLOSSARY 443 extrico, to extricate extrinsecus, from without extrorsum, toward the edge extus, outside exuvium, i, n., spoils, waste fabiformis, bean-shaped fabrica, ae, f., texture facies, ei, f., face, form facilis, easily fagineus, bccchcn falcatus, falcate, scythe-shaped, curved falciformis, beak-shaped, scythe-shaped familia, ac, f., family familiola, ac, f., a little family farctus, stufifcd farina, ae, f., meal, flour farinaceus, mealy fascia, ac, f., fascicle fasciatus, grouped fasciculatus, fasciculate, fascicled, in bun- dles fastigiatus, bunched fatiscens, disappearing, breaking up favosus, hollow femineus, feminine fenestratus, with windows or openings fere, almost fermentatio, onis, f., fermentation fermentum, i. n., yeast ferruginascens, turning rust-colored ferrugineus, rust-colored ferrumequinum, i. n., a horse-shoe ferrum, i, n., iron fibra, ae, f., a fiber, filament fibrilla, ae, f., small fiber fibrillula, ae, f., a little fibril fibrosus, fibrous fictitius, fictitious, false filamentosus, filamentous, thread-like filia, ae, f., daughter filiformis, filiform, thread-shaped filiger, filament-bearing filum, i, n., thread fimbria, ae, f., fringe fimbrians, fringing fimbriatulus, slightly fringed fimbriatus, fimbriate, fringed fimicola, fimicole, dwelling on dung fimus, i, m., dung findo, to cleave, divide finis, is, 111., end, limit firmulus, somewhat firm fissilis, cleft, ruptured fissuratus, fissured, split fissus, split fistulosus, hollow flabellate, fan-like fiabelliformis, fan-shaped fiaccidus, weak fiagella, ae, f., lash flagellatus, bearing a long bristle or thread flagelliformis, lash-like flamens, flame-colored flavens, yellowing flavidus, yellowish flavus, yellow fiexuosus, flexuous, full of turns or wind- ings flexus, bent flocciformis, tuft-like fioccosus, fioccose, cottony fioccus, i, m., tuft floralis, floral, of flowers, flowery floricole, living on flowers flumen, inis, n., river fiuvius, ij, m., a river fluxilis, flowing foedatus, dark, soiled foetidus, with a bad odor foetus, productive foli-caulicole, growing on leaves and stems foliicola, folicole, living on leaves foliose, like a leaf in form folium, ii, n., leaf foramen, inis, n., a hole forficulate, scissor-shaped forma, ae, f., form formans, forming formo, to form formosus, beautiful fornicatus, arched, vaulted fornix, icis, m., a vault forsan, perhaps forsitan, perhaps fortasse, perhaps forte, strongly fovens, nourishing fracidus, soft, mellow fractus, broken fragilis, fragile fragmentum, i, n., fragment frequens, frequent 444 GENERA OF FUNGI friabilis, falling to pieces frigidarium, ii, n., a cold place, cold storage frondosus, leafy frons, dis, f., a leaf fructicola, living on fruits fructiferus, fructifer, fruit-bearing fructificans, fruiting fructificatio, nis, f., a fruiting fructus, us, m., fruit frustulatus, fragmentary frustum, i, n., a bit, piece fruticosus, fruticose, shrub-like fniticulosus, fruticulose, somewhat shrub- like fucatus, colored fucicole, living on Fucus fugans, fleeting fulciens, supp6rting, propping fuligineus, fuliginous, sooty fuligo, inis, f., soot fultus, supported fulvellus, somewhat tawny fulvescent, becoming tawny fumagineus, fumaginous, smoky fumago, inis, f., smoke, soot, sooty su- biculum fumidus, smoky fumosus, smoky fundus, i, m., bottom fungicola, fungicole, growing on fungi fungillus, i, m., a little fungus fungus, i, m., a fungus funicularis, rope-like funiculus, i, m., a little rope funiformis, rope-like funis, is, m., rope, cord furcatus, furcate, forked furfur, uris, m., bran furfuraceus, bran-like, powdered furfurellus, somewhat covered with bran fuscatus, darkened fuscellus, somewhat dark fuscescens, darkening fuscidulus, dark fuscidus, dark fuscus, dark, or dark brown fusiformis, fusiform, spindle-shaped fusisporus, with spindle-shaped spores fusoideus, fusoid, spindle-shaped galeiformis, helmet- or hood-shaped galeriformis, cap-shaped gamete, sex-cell gangliformis, forming knots gangligerus, bearing knots gaudeo, to rejoice, delight gelatina, ae, f., gelatine geminatus, geminate, paired, twinned gemmiferus, bearing buds gemmiparus, producing buds generans, generating genesis, is, f., origin geniculatus, bent genuflexus, bent genuinus, genuine, authentic genus, eris, n., genus gerens, bearing germinans, germinating germinatio, onis, f., germination germinativus, germinating gero, to bear, have, exhibit gibbosus, swollen gigastylosporus, with very large stylo- spores gignens, producing gigno, to bear gilvus, brownish glaber, smooth glabrescens, becoming smooth glacies, ei, f., glacier, ice glans, glandis, f., nut glareosus, gravelly glaucescens, turning bluish-green glaucus, sea-green gleba, ae, f., soil, mass globosus, globose, rounded globuliger, bearing a ball globulus, i, m., a globule gloeocystidia, cystidia of gelatinous or horny consistency glomerula, ae, f., a little mass glomerulatim, in heaps gluten, inis, n., glue glutinosus, glutinous, gluey gonidium, ii, n., an algal cell gossypinus, cottony gracilis, graceful, slender gradatim, gradually gradus, us, m., grade, step gramen, inis, n., grass gramineus, grassy graminicola, growing on grass grandis, large grandiusculus, somewhat large granulatus, granular granulosus, granular GLOSSARY 445 graphidoidcus, like Graphis, long and cleft gratia, ae, f., favor, acknowledgment graveolens, of unpleasant odor gregarius, gregarious, in clusters gregatim, in clusters grex, gregis, m., a flock griseolus, grayish griseus, gray grossus, thick grumosus, heaped grumulus, i, m., a licap gumosus, gummy gutta, ae, f., a vacuole guttatus, with little drops guttula, ae, f., a drop or vacuole guttulosus, with drops gyalectoideus, like Gyalccta gypseus, gypsum-like gyrosus, gyrose, spiral H habeo, to have habitatio, onis, f., habitat habitus, us, m., habit hactenuS, up to the present time haemophile, hemophile, living in blood haerens, adhering haereo, to hold to halos, o, f., a circle, halo hamatus, hamate, hooked baud, not at all haustorium, ii, n., a sucker helicoideus, spiral-like heliotropicus, heliotropic, turning to the sun helvolus, deep purple herba, ae, f., a plant herbicola, dwelling on herbs heteroecus, heteroecious, on two hosts heterogamete, one of two unlike sex-cells heterogamic, with unlike sex-cells heterogeneus, heterogeneous, different heteromorphus, heteromorphic, of differ- ent kinds hexagonus, hexagonal, six-angled hexasporus, six-spored hians, gaping hiascens, gaping hibernans, resting hie, haec, hoc, this hicilMc, here and there hiems, emis, f., winter hilum, i, n., dot, mark, scar himantoideus, like Himantia, velvety hinc, hence hinc illinc, on each side, here and there hirtellus, somewhat shaggy histogenus, produced directly from tis- sue, without conidiophores histolysis, the dissolving of a wall or tissue hodiernus, of today holophytic, chlorophyllous, independent homoecus, on one host homogeneus, homogeneous, uniform homomorphus, alike, of one form horizontalis, horizontal hornotinus, of this year horny, like horn in texture horridus, rough, shaggy hortus, i, m., a garden hospes, itis, m., a host hospitalis, of a host hue, hither, in this di-rection humectatus, wet humectus, moist humicole, growing on soil humidulus, moist humiUs, low, small humistratus, moist humosus, earthy hyalinulus, somewhat clear hyalinus, hyaline, clear hyalosporus, with clear, one-celled spores hydrophilus, aquatic hygrometricus, absorbing moisture hygrophanus, translucent hymeniferus, membrane-bearing hymenium, ii, n., fruiting surface, con- sisting of asci or of basidia hymenophorum, i, n., that which bears the hymenium hypertrophiens, hypertrophying, enlarg- ing hypertrophy, abnormal development, overgrowth hypha, ae, f., fungus filament hyphasma, atis, n., the mycelium hyphoideus, hypha-like hyphomycetus, mold-like, cobwebby hyphopodium, a more or less lobed ap- pendage to a hypha hyphula, a short or delicate hypha hypocreaceus, like Hypocrea, fleshy and bright-colored hypodermicus, under the epiderm hypogaeus, hypogcan, underground 446 GENERA OF FUNGI hypogenus, on the under side hypophloeodus, under the bark hypophyllus, on the under side of leaf hypostroma, atis, n., a foot-like base, usually of a stroma hypothallus, i, m., hypothallus hypothecium, the area just below the layer of asci hypoxyloid, like Hypoxylum, forming a pulvinate or crustose stroma hysteriformis, like Hysterium, long and cleft hysterinus, long and cleft as in Hys- terium hysteroid, like Hysterium, long and cleft hysterophytic, without chlorophyll, de- pendent hysterothecium, an oblong or linear peri- theciuni opening by a cleft ibi, there, then icon, onis, f., an image, figure idem, the same ideoque, therefore idoneus, fit igitur, therefore, accordingly ignotus, unknown ilico, there, on the spot imbricatus, imbricate immaculatus, without spots imm^arginatus, without a margin immaturus, young immediate, directly immersus, sunken immotus, firm, immovable immutatus, unchanged impalpabilis, extremely fine and minute imperspicuus, not clear impervius, impervious, impassable implens, filling implexus, infolded impolitus, not polished impositus, imposed imprimis, especially improbabile, improbably imus, lowest inaequaliter, unequally inaequilateralis, unequal-sided inaequipolaris, with unequal poles inanis, empty inarticulatus, without divisions incarceratus, hidden incarnatus, pink incertus, uncertain incisio, onis, f., incision, cutting incisus, cut inclinatus, bent inclusus, included, inclosed incoctus, not cooked incolens, dwelling in incoloratus, without color inconditus, confused, unformed incrassatulus, somewhat thickened incrassatus, broadened, thickened incresco, to grow in, increase incrustans, encrusting incrustatus, encrusted incumbens, lying down incurviusculus, somewhat incurved incusus, forged, made inde, then, thence, therefore indeterminatus, indefinite indico, to indicate indigito, to utter, announce indivisus, undivided indoles, is, f., nature, natural ability indumentum, i, n., a covering induratus, hardened indurescens, growing hard indusium, ii, n., indusium, cover indutus, covered ineptum, improper inermis, unarmed infarciens, stuffing, filling infectus, spoiled, diseased inferior, lower inferus, below, lower infestans, infesting inficiens, infecting infimus, lowest infixus, fastened in inflans, inflating inflatus, inflated infossus, sunken infra, lower, below infundibuliformis, funnel-shaped infuscatus, darkened initio, at first initium, ii, n., the beginning innatus, innate, internal, covered innotesco, to become clear innumerus, innumerable inordinatus, without order inquinans, blackening inquinatus, dirty inquirendus, to be investigated insculptus, insculptate, hollowed in GLOSSARY 447 insectum, i, n., insect insertio, onis, f., insertion insertus, inserted insidens, seated upon insimul, at the same time insitus, ingrafted inspersus, scattered inspissatus, thickened instar, Hke instructus, Iniilt up insuetus, unusual insula, ae, f., an island integer, whole intense, intensely intercalary, in the midst of, between jnterdum, sometimes interim, meanwhile intermedins, intermediate intermixtus, mixed with internervius, between the nerves internodus, internode, space between two nodes or joints internus, internal interspersus, interspersed, scattered interstitium, ii, n., a space intertextus, intertwined intracellaris, within a cell intrans, entering intricatus, intertwined intuitus, us, m., look, view intumescens, swelling intus, within invasus, invaded inveniens, finding inversus, inverted investiens, covering invicem, in turn, mutually involucrum, i, n., involucre involute, with the edges rolled inward ipse, self irregularis, irregular irregulariter, irregularly irrepens, creeping in irroratus, bedewed isabellinus, dull, tawny isarioideus, isarioid, like Isaria, with a cylinder of hyphae isogamete, one of two similar sex-cells isogamic, producing equal sex-cells isthmus, i, m., a connection itaque, therefore iteratus, repeatedly iterum, again, once more jacio, to throw jam, now, already jamdudum, this long time jodicus, of iodine jodus, i, m., iodine junior, younger, young jus, juris, n., law, right juvenilis, young juventus, utis, f., youth juxta, near K kermesinus, caniiinc labefactus, sunken, sliaken, ruined labiatus, lipped labium, ii, n., lip labrum, i, n., lip labyrinthine, like a maze lac, lactis, n., milk laccatus, varnished, shining lacerans, tearing laceratus, lacerate, torn lacerus, torn lacinia, ae, f., a tear laciniatus, laciniate, torn lobcd lacrimiformis, tear-like lactescens, milky lacteus, milky lactiginosus, filled with milk, milky lacuna, ae, f., a hole lacunosus, lacunose, with hollows lacus, us, m., a lake laeticolor, bright-colored laetus, bright laevis, smooth lageniformis, lageniform, flask-shaped lamella, ae, f., gill lamelloid, plaie-like, resembling the gills of mushrooms lamina, ae, f., scale, layer, blade laminaris, leaf-like lanatus, lanate, woolly lanceolatus, lance-shaped languens, languescens, drooping, wilting, withering languidus, weak, drooping lanosus, woolly lanuginosus, woolly laricinus, of larch larva, ae, f., larva 448 GENERA OF FUNGI lateritius, brick-red latitans, concealing, hiding latitude, inis, f., width latiusculus, somewhat wide latus, eris, n., the side latus, broad, wide laxus, loose lecanorine, like Lecanora, the exciple con- taining algae lecideine, like Lecidea, with carbonous proper exciple lectus, collected lego, to collect leiosporus, with smooth spores lenis, soft, smooth, mild leniter, slightly, gently lenticularis, lenticular, lens-shaped lentiformis, lentiform, lens-shaped lentus, tough, flexible leporinus, of a hare leprosus, scab-like leptodermus, thin-walled leucosporus, with white spores levigatus, smooth levis, light, smooth liber, free liberans, freeing liberatus, freed licet, it is permitted lichenicola,lichenicole, growing on lichens lichenoideus, lichen-like lignatilis, of wood ligneus, woody lignicola, lignicole, growing on wood lignum, i, n., wood lilacinus, lilac-colored limbatus, bordered limbum, i, n., limb, border limes, itis, m., limit limitatus, limited limoniformis, limoniform, Icmon-shapcd linea, ae. f., line linearis, linear lineola, ac, f., little line lineolatus, with fine lines linguiformis, tongue-shaped liquefaciens, liquefying liquo, to melt lirella, ae, f., furrow lirelliform, furrow-like lividus, livid, purple lobulatus, somewhat lobed locatus, located locellatus, with chambers locellus, i, m., a little cell loco, to place, locate loculatus, with chambers or hollows loculiferus, containing hollows loculiform, chamber-like loculoid, chamber-like or containing chambers loculus, i, m., locule, place, cell, hollow locus, i, m., place longicoUus, with long beaks longior, longer longitrorsum, longitudinally longitudinalis, lengthwise longus, long lophus, i, m., a crest lubricus, slippery lucidus, lucid, clear luculenter, very well ludibundus, playful lumen, inis, n., opening lunatus, lunate, crescent-shaped lunulate, crescent-shaped luridus, lurid lutescens, yellowish luteus, yellow lutosus, muddy lux, lucis, f., light M maceratus, softened macro-, large macula, ae, f., a spot macularis, spotted maculicola, maculicole, dwelling in spots maculiformis, spot-shaped madidus, moist, wet mador, oris, m., moisture magis, more magniguttatus, with one or two large globules magnitude, inis, f., size magnus, great, large majusculus, somewhat \i\.ry;e male, poorly mamillaris, protuberant mamilliformis, shaped like a papilla maneo, to stay, remain manifestus, evident manipulus, i, m., bundle mappa, ae, f., a map marcescens, withering marginatus, margined marge, inis, m., and f., margin marmoratus, marble-like GLOSSARY 449 massa, ae, f., mass massula, ae, f., a little mass matricalis, belonging to the matrix matrix, icis, f., matrix, layer or tissue of host maturescens, ripening maturus, mature maxime, greatly mazaedium, i, n., a dough-like mass of spores and paraphyses medietas, atis, f., middle mediocris, average mediocriter, moderately medius, i, m., medium medulla, ae, f., the pith, medulla medullary, belonging to the pith or me- dulla medullatus, stufYed, pithy melanosporus, with black spores melioideus, like Meliola melius, better melleus, honey-colored mellinus, honey-colored membrana, ae, f., membrane membranaceus, membranaceous, mem- branous, thin or membrane-like memoria, ae, f., memory mens, mentis, f., mind mensis, is, m., month merda, ae, f., dung merenchymaticus, with many cells merens, deserving meridionalis, southern mesogenus, mesogenous, borne in the middle mesopus, with central stalk metallicus, metallic metiens, measuring metuliformis, pyramid-like micans, sparkling, glittering micro-, small microconidiophorus, bearing small co- nidia microcystis, small-celled micronemeus, with short hyphae microscopium, ii, n., microscope migro, to move miniatus, bright red minimum, least minor, smaller minuties, ei, f., detail minutus, minute mire, wonderfully, exceedingly mitis, pleasant, mild mitratus, miter-shaped mobilis, mobile, moving modice, moderately molecularis, molecule-like mollis, smooth molliusculus, somewhat smooth monascus, monascous, containing a single ascus moneo, to caution, warn monile, is, n., a chain, necklace moniliformis, moniliform, chain-like monocephalus, monocephalic, one-headed monocyclus, with one cycle monoecus, monoecious, with both sex organs on the same plant monophagous, mycelium confined to a single host-cell monoplastus, uniform, with one proto- plast monospermus, one-spored monosporus, one-spored monostichus, monostichous, in one row mons, tis, m., a mountain monstrosus, monstrous montanus, of mountains, mountainous montosus, mountainous morbosus, diseased morbus, i, m., disease, malady moriens, dying moriformis, mulberry-like mos, moris, m., manner, use motilis, motile, able to move movens, moving mox, at length mucedineus, white and cottony mucidus, moldy mucilago, inis, f., mucilage mucor, oris, m., mold mucosus, mucose, slimy, mucous mucro, onis, m., a point mucronatus, pointed mucronulatus, with a little point mucronulus, i, m., v. little point mucus, i, m., mucus, mucilage multifidus, multifid, many-divided multiform, of various shapes multiguttatus, with many oil-drops multilocularis, many-celled multiloculatus, with many cells multinucleate, with many nuclei multisporus, many-spored multizonatus, with many zones multoties, many times, often multus, much 450 GENERA OF FUNGI munitus, furnished muralis, muriform muricatus, muricate, dotted, spiny muriculatus, muriculate, spiny muriformis, muriform, with cross and longitudinal walls murinus, mouse-colored murus, i, m., wall muscosus, mossy mutans, changing mutatus, changed muticus, muticate, not pointed muto, to change mutue, mutually mutuus, mutual mycelialis, mj'celial mycelicus, mycelial mycelium, ii, n., mycelium, weft of hyphae mycogenus, dwelling on fungi mycologus, i, m., a student of fungi myochrous, mouse-colored myriosporous, with numerous spores mytiliform, shell-like N napiformis, turnip-shaped nascens, arising nascor, to be born natalis, native naufragium, ii, n., shipwreck nauseosus, ill-smelling navel, point of attachment navicularis, boat-shaped nebulosus, nebulous, cloudy, dark ne, no, not nec-non, necnon, and also nectriaceus, like Nectria nemorosus, woody, shady nempe, certainly, without doubt neque, and not nervicola, growing on veins nervisequus, nervisequens, following the veins nescio, not to know neutiquam, by no means, not quite nidulans, nesting nidulor, to nest niduo, to nest niger, black nigredo, inis, f., blackness nigresco, to grow black nigricans, blackening nigrifactus, blackened nigrificatus, made black nigrolimitatus, black-lined nigropilus, black-hairy nigropunctulatus, black-dotted nigrostrigosus, black-hairy nimis, too much, exceedingly nimium, too, too much nisi, unless nitens, shining niteo, to shine nitor, oris, m., splendor, luster niveus, snow-white nobilis, grand nodosus, with many or large joints noduliferus, bearing knots nodulosus, with joints nodus, i, m., a joint, knot nomen, inis, n., a name non, not nondum, not yet nonne, not nonnihil, somewhat nonnisi, except nonnullus, some nonnumquam, sometimes notatus, marked notus, known novus, new nubecula, ae, f., a little cloud nubilosus, cloudy nucleiferus, nucleus-bearing nucleus, i, m., center, nucleus nudiusculus, somewhat naked nudus, naked nullimodus, in no wise nullus, none numerosus, numerous, many numerus, i, m., a number numquam, never nunc, now nutiquam, ne-utiquam, by no means nuto, to incline nutrix, icis, f., host nux, nucis, f., a nut ob, for, toward, on account of obclavatus, reverse club-shaped obconicus, reverse conical obducens, covering obduco, to cover oblique, obliquely obliterans, disappearing obliteratus, lost, destroyed oblongatus, oblong I GLOSSARY 451 obpyriformis, obpyriform, reverse pear- shaped obrutus, covered obscurus, dark observandum, to be observed observatus, seen, found obsessus, surrounded obsitus, covered, filled obsolescent, nearly obsolete, disappearing obsolete, rudimentary or lacking obsoletus, obsolete, lacking obtectus, covered obtegens, covering obtritus, broken, crushed, rubbed obturaculum, i, n., opening obtusangulus, with obtuse angles obtusatus, obtuse obtutus, us, m., a looking at obvallatus, surrounded obvelo, to cover obvius, clear, open obvolutus, wrapped up, rolled up obvolvens, enveloping occupans, occupying ocellatus, with openings ochraceus, pale yellow ochrosporous, with yellow or yellow- brown spores octavus, eighth octo, eight octonus, in eights octoseptatus, with eight cross-walls octosporus, eight-spored octuplus, eightfold oculo armato, with the microscope or lens oculo nudo, with unaided eye oleosus, oily, with oil drops olidus, smelling, odorous oligosporus, few-spored olim, formerly olivaceus, olive olivascens, olivascent, becoming olive omissus, omitted omnino, everywhere, entirely oosporous, with resting spores formed by the union of unlike sex-cells, e. g., of egg and sperm opacus, opaque opalinus, clear ope, by means of operculatus, operculate, with a lid operculiformis, lid-shaped operculum, i, n., a cover, lid oppidum, i, n., a town oppletus, filled oppositus, placed against, opposed orbicularis, orbicular, round orbiculatim, circularly orbis, is, m., a circle ordo, inis, m., order organum, i, n., an organ oriens, arising orientalis, eastern orificium, i, n., opening origo, inis, f., origin orior, to arise oriundus, descended ornatus, furnished orthotropus, straight ortus, arisen OS, oris, n., mouth oscillans, oscillating osculum, i, n., little mouth or opening ostendo, to show ostiolatus, ostiolate, with a mouth ostiolum, i. n., ostiolc, opening ovalis, oval ovaricola, growing in ovaries ovatus, egg-shaped ovinus, of or belonging to sheep ovoideus, nearly egg-shaped pachydermaticus, thick-wallcd pachypleurus, thick-walled paene, nearly paenultimus, next to the last pagina, ae, f., page, side paleaceus, chaffy, chafT-likc paliformis, paliform, stake-shaped, pali- sade-like pallescens, turning pale pallidus, pale palmatus, palmate, hand-like palmicola, growing on palms palpebra, ae, f., eyelid paludosus, marshy palumbinus, dove-colored, grayish palus, udis, f., a marsh, swamp palus, i, m., stake panicula, ae, f., a panicle paniculatus, paniculate, branched panis, is, ni., bread pannosus. pannose, ragged pannum, i, n., a rag, cloth papilla, ae, f., nipple papillaris, papillate, with a nipple 452 GENERA OF FUNGI papilliformis, like a nipple papillula, ae, f., a little nipple papillulatus, papillulate, with a very small nipple papulosus, with many pustules papyraceus, papery paradoxus, strange, contrary paraphysate, with paraphyses paraphyses, sterile hyphae between asci paraphysoids, plates of cellular tissue be- tween asci, more or less like paraph- yses paratus, prepared, designed parous, few, scanty parenchymaticus, parenchyma-like parenchymic, like parenchyma, cellular or appearing so parenchymoid, more or less like paren- chyma, cellular paries, etis, m., a wall paritas, atis, f., equality pariter, equally, as well paroechia, ae, f., parish pars, partis, f., a part partim, partly, some partitus, divided parum, too little, not very parvulus, small parvus, small pascuum, i, n., pasture passim, everywhere patellaris, dish-like patellate, like a plate patelliformis, shaped like a dish patelloid, more or less dish-like patens, spreading patenter, openly pateo, to extend, to be clear patior, to support, endure patulus, spreading paucilocularis, few-celled paucus, few paulatim, gradually paulisper, for a little while paulo, a little, somewhat pectinate, like a comb pectinatus, comb-like pedatus, foot-like pedicellatus, pedicellate, with a pedicel pedicellus, i, m., a pedicel pediculatus, pedicelled pedunculatus, stalked pedunculicola, growing on peduncles pellicle, skin, covering pellicula, ae, f., a little skin pelliculosus, with a covering pelluciditas, atis, f., clearness pellucidus, pellucid, clear peltatus, shield-shaped pendo, to hang pendulus, hanging penetrans, penetrating penicillate, brush-like penicilliformis, brush-like penitus, inward, inner, inwardly pentagonus, pentagonal, five-sided per, through, very peraffinis, closely related perbrevis, very short percipiens, perceiving I>ercurrent, running throughout percursus, run through perdurans, hardening, lasting perduro, to last perennans, perennial perennis, perennial perenno, to continue, endure perexiguus, very thin perexilis, very slender perfectus, perfect, complete perforans, perforating perforate, pierced perforatus, perforated perfossus, hollowed out pericarpium, ii, n., pericarp, covering; also, the whole spore-body peridermicus, belonging to the periderm peridermium, ii, n., periderm, covering peridiole, a small seed-like body in a peridium peridium, ii, n., peridium, wall; else, the whole spore-body periphericus, peripheral, around the edge periphyses, filaments in an ostiole or canal peristomium, ii, n., mouth perithecialis, perithecial perithecicole, parasitic in a perithecium perithecigerus, perithecium-bearing perithecioid, perithecium-like peritheciophorus, bearing perithecia perithecium, a closed ascus fruit perluceo, to shine through permultus, very much peronatus, rough, rough-booted perparum, very little perquam, extremely perrumpens, breaking through GLOSSARY 453 persicinus, peach-colored persistans, persistent ^erspiciens, transparent perspicuus, clear persuasus, convinced pertenuis, very thin pertineo, to belong pertusus, protruded pervius, passable pes, pedis, m., foot petiolum, i, n., petiole petrifactus, made like rock, hardened pezizoideus, pezizoid, cup-fungus-like, cup-like phacidoideus, like Phacidium, black and disk-like phaeophragmeus, with dark, transeptate spores phaeosporus, with dark, one-celled spores phaseoliformis, bean-shaped phialiformis, saucer- or cup-shaped phomatoideus, like Phoma phyllachoroid, like Phyllachora, the stroma fused with the epiderm phyllogenus, phyllogenous, borne on leaves phyllostictoideus, like Phyllosticta phytogenus, phytogenous, dwelling on plants phytographus, i, m., a botanist phytophilus, phytophilous, growing on plants pictura, ae, f., a painting pictus, colored pileatus, pileate, cap-shaped pileiform, like a cap pileus, i, m., a cap pilosellus, somewhat hairy pilosus, pilose, with hairs pilum, i, n., a hair pineus, piny pingo, to paint pinna, ae, f., a feather, leaflet pinnatus, pinnate, feather-like piperatus, peppery, pungent piriform, pear-shaped pirinversiformis, reverse pear-shaped piscis, is, m., a fish pisum, i, n., pea placenta, ae, f., placenta, ovuliferous tis- sue placentiformis, placenta-like, cake-like plaga, ae, f., a spot plagula, ae, f., a little spot plaguliformis, spot-like planta, ae, f., a plant plantula, ae, f., a little plant planus, plane, flat plasma, atis, n., plasm, mass Plasmodium, ii, n., protoplasm-like mass plectenchym, tissue woven of fibers or hyphae plectenchymic, plectenchymoid, like plec- tenchym, woven or fibrous pleiosporus, many-spored plenus, full plerumque, for the most part pleuracrogenus, borne at the tip and at the sides pleurogenus, pleurogenous, borne on the walls or sides plica, ae, f., a fold plicatus, plicate, folded pliciformis, fold-form plumbeus, lead-colored plumosus, plumose, plumy, feathery plures, many pluriarticulatus, many-celled, many- jointed pluriciliate, with many cilia pluries, often plurifurcatus, many-forked pluriguttulatus, many-guttulate plurilocellatus, with many hollows pluriperforate, with several openings pluristratosus, many-layered poculiformis, cup-shaped podetium, i, n., a stalk-like or cup-like erect thallus polaris, polar politus, polished polleo, to be able, avail pollex, icis, m., thumb poUicaris, thumb-like, an inch long polus, i, m., a pole poly-, many polyascous, with the asci in a single hymenium, not separated by sterile bands polyascus, with many asci polyblastus, many-celled polycephalus, polycephalous, with many heads polyedricus, polyhedral, many-sided polygonus, with many angles polyphagous, mycelium occupying sev- eral to many host-cells polyrhizus, with many roots 454 GENERA OF FUNGI polystichus, polystichous, in many rows pondus, eris, n., weight populus, i, f., poplar poroid, with more or less evident pores porosus, with pores porrectus, extended, protracted porrigo, to stretch out portiuncula, ae, f., small gallery poms, i, m., a pore positus, placed possum, to be able postea, hereafter posterius, later, afterward postice, at the back postremus, last potius, rather praebens, offering, exhibiting praecedens, preceding praecipue, especially praeclarus, distinguished praecox, early, abundant praeditus, furnished praeferendum, preferred praelongus, very long praeprimis, especially praesens, present praesertim, particularly praestans, distinguishing, excelling praesumptus, assumed, presumed praeter, past, against, besides praetereaque, besides, moreover praeteritus, past pratutn, i, n., a meadow primitivus, primitive, original primitus, at first primus, first prioritas, atis, f., priority prismaticus, prism-like pristinus, pristine, early, original, primi- tive privus, without, deprived pro, for proba, ae, f., proof probabilis, probable procerus, tall processus, us, m., projection procreans, generating, producing procul, far, remote procumbens, procumbent, prostrate prodeuns, projected productus, carried out, produced proferens, offering, producing profiscor, to begin, arise profunditas, atis, f., depth profundus, deep projectus, thrown off proles, is, f., race, offspring proliferate, to extend by offshoots or re- newed growth proliferus, proliferous, produced, prolifer- ate proliger, bearing offspring prolongatio, onis, f., prolongation, length- ening promiscuus, promiscuous, mixed, indis- criminate promycelium, i, n., promycelium, germi- nating tube or cell series prope, near proper exciple, an apothecial covering or wall without algae propinquus, adjacent propius, more nearly, closer propter, near, because of, on account of propulsus, expelled proratione, comparatively prorsus, forwards, exactly prorumpo, to break through prosenchymaticus, prosenchymatic, con- sisting of long cells or filaments prosenchymic, like prosenchyma, fibrous in structure proteus, changing, variable prothecium, a primitive or rudimentary perithecium, as in Gymnascaceae protractus, extended protrudens, projecting provectus, prolonged, advanced proveniens, coming pruinosus, pruinose, powdery pruinulosus, somewhat powdery pseudo-, false pseudocyphella, a pit-like structure re- sembling a cyphella, on the under side of some lichen thalli pseudoparaphysis, a paraphysis-like fila- rnent found in other groups than Ascomycetes pseudoparenchyma, false parenchyma, a tissue looking like parenchyma but formed of threads pseudoperidium, a peridium, an enclosing membrane pseudoplasmodium, ii, n., false Plasmo- dium pseudopodium, ii, n., false root, lobe pseudostiolum, ii, n.. false ostiole pseudostroma, atis, n., false stroma GLOSSARY 455 pseudostromaticus, resembling a stroma pseudothallus, i, m., false thallus puberulus, somewhat hairy pubes, is, f. hairy pubescens, hairy puccinoideus, like Puccinia pulchellus, beautiful pulcher, beautiful pulchre, beautifully pulpa, ae, f., pulp, mass pulposus, pulpy, fleshy pulveraceus, powdery pulverulentus, powdery pulvinatus, pulvinate, like a cushion, strongly convex pulvinoid, more or less cushion-like pulvinulus, i, m., a little cushion pulvis, eris, m., powder punctiformis, punctiform, dot-like punctulans, dotting punctulatus, punctate, dotted purpurascens, becoming purple purus, pure pusillus, tiny pusio, onis, m., a growth pustula, ae, f., a small swelling pustulate, pertaining to a swollen mass putamen, inis, n., shell puto, to clean, adjust, consider putredo, to decay putrescens, decaying putris, decaying pycnicole, living in pycnium or pycnidium pycnidicus, pycnidial, of a pycnidium. pycnidium, i, n., pycnidium, receptacle bearing conidia pycnium, ii, n., the spermagonium or pycnidium of rusts pycnoconidium, the conidium produced in a pycnidium pyncospore, a pycnidial conidium pyreniformis, pyreniform, shaped like a nut pyriformis, pear-shaped pyxidatus, like a box quadrococcus, of four round cells quadripartitus, four-divided quadrisporus, four-spored quadrum, i, n., a square qualis, like quam, than quandoque, whenever, at some time quartus, fourth quasi, almost quater, four times quaternus, by fours quattuor, four quercinus, oaken quia, because quidam, a certain, somebody, something quinqueseptatus, five-septate quisque, each quisquiliae, arum, f., dirt, trash quoad, as long as, as much as quod, that quoque, also quotannis, annually quovis, to any place whatever racemulus, i, m., a little raceme racemus, raceme, i, m., a bunch of grapes rachis, is, f., axis radians, radiating radiatim, radiately radicalis, basal radicans, root-like, rooting radicatus, radicate, more or less rooted radiciformis, root-shaped radicosus, having many roots radix, icis, f., a root ramicola, ramicole, living on twigs ramosus, ramose, much branched ramulus, i, m., a little branch ramus, i, m., a branch rarius, more rarely rare, rarely rasus, leveled ratio, onis, f., reckoning, list, affair reabsorptus, reabsorbed recede, to recede, differ recens, entis, recent, fresh, young recensio, onis, f., a reviewing receptaculum, i, n., receptacle, reservoir, chamber recludens, opening reclusus, disclosed, revealed recognoscens, recognizing rectangularis, rectangular, right-angled rectangulus, rectangular rectus, straight, true recurvus, recurved, bent back reddo, to return, restore refertus, returned, referred refractus, turned back refrangens, refracting, breaking 456 GENERA OF FUNGI refringens, refracting regio, onis, f., region rejectamentum, something thrown away, rubbish relatus, related relaxatus, relaxed, loosened, opened relinquens, leaving relinquo, to leave reliquus, left, remaining remote, distantly remotiusculus, somewhat distant reniformis, reniform, kidney-shaped repandus, turned back repens, creeping reperio, to find repertorium, ii, n., an inventory, catalogue repertus, found repetite, repeatedly repetitus, repeated repletus, full repo, to crawl reptans, creeping res, rei, f., a thing resolvens, breaking up resorptus, absorbed restituo, to replace, restore, rebuild resupinatus, resupinate, horizontal, the hymenium turned up rete, n., retis, is, f., net reticulatus, reticulate, net-like reticulum, i, n., a net retiformis, net-like retineo, to retain, keep retis, is, f., a net retrorsus, backward retusus, with a little sinus revelo, to reveal, uncover revera, indeed, in fact revivescens, reviving revoco, to recall revolutus, folded back rhabarbarinus, yellow rhizoid, root rhizoideus, root-like rhizomorphoideus, root-like rhizophilus, growing on roots rhodosporus, with rose-colorea spores rhomboideus, rhomboid rhytismoideus, like Rhytisma ricciformis, like Riccia, a liverwort rigens, stiflf, rigid rigidulus, somewhat stiff rigidus, stiff rima, ae, f., cleft rimosus, rimose, cleft, cracked ripa, ae, f., bank rite, rightly, fitly, well rivulosus, with channels rivus, i, m., brook robustus, robust roridus, like dew, bedewed ros, roris, m., dew roseolas, somewhat rosy roseus, rose-colored rostellatus, somewhat beaked rostratus, rostrate, beaked rostriformis, beak-like rostrum, i, n., beak rosulatus, rosette-like rotundatus,- rounded rubedo, inis, f., redness rubellus, somewhat reddish rubens, reddening rubeolas, somewhat reddish ruber, red rabescens, growing red rubiginosas, rust-colored rubricosus, reddish rufescens, becoming reddish rufus, reddish rugosiusculus, more or less wrinkled rugosu's, rugose, creased, wrinkled rugulosus, furrowed, roughened rumpens, breaking ruptus, broken rursus, backward rutilus, red saccatus, saccate, sack-like saccharatus, sugared, sugary saccharinus, sugary saccharum, i, n., sugar sacciformis, sack-shaped sacculiformis, like a little sack sacculus, i, m., a little sack saepe, often salicinus, of willow salmonicolor, salmon-colored salmonius, salmon-colored saltern, at least samara, ae, f., key fruit samariform, key-shaped sanguineus, bloody, blood-colored sapidus, filled with sap, savory sapor, oris, m., flavor saprogenus, saprogenous, growing on decayed matter i GLOSSARY A57 saprophilus, growing on decaying matter sarciniformis, sarciniform, packet-like sarmentum, i, n., twig sat, enough, sufficiently satis, sufficient saturatus, saturated scaber, rough scabridus, rough scabriusculus, somewhat rough scalaris, of a ladder, or staircase scaliformis, ladder-like scariosus, thin, papery scheda, ae, f., sheet of paper scio, to know scissilis, splitting sclerotiformis, sclerotium-like sclerotiodeus, sclerotioid, sclerotium-like sclerotium, i, n., sclerotium, a hard black mass scobis, is, f., sawdust, filings scolecosporus, with thread-shaped or acicular spores scopulate, like a brush scrobiculatus, roughened, furrowed scrotiformis, bladder-like scruposus, rough scrutator, oris, m., an investigator scutatus, shield-shaped scutellatus, like a small shield scutellum, i, n., the shield-like cover of the ascoma of Microthyriales scutiformis, shield-shaped secedens, separating secernibilis, separable sectio, onis, f., a section secundarius, secondary secundum, according to secus, otherwise, badly secussus, separated sed, but sedulus, diligent, careful segmentiformis, segment-like sejunctus, separate semel, once semen, inis, n., a seed semi, half semiexertus, half extended semiimimersus, half immersed seminalis, seed-like seminicola, growing on seeds semipellucidus, partly clear semiteres, half columnar semiuncialis, a half inch semper, always senescens, growing old sensim, gradually sensus, us, m., opinion, sense separabilis, separable, separating separo, to separate sepimentum, i, n., partition sepono, to separate septatus, septate, divided into cells septentrionalis, northern septulum, i, n., a little septum sepulchrum, i, n., grave sepultus, buried sequens, following sericellus, somewhat silky sericeus, silky series, ei, f., a series serotinus, late serpens, creeping serpentinus, serpentine, of a serpent serratus, serrate, saw-toothed serus, late servatus, saved, preserved sesqui, more by half sesquilinea, one inch and a half sesquipedalian, very long sessilis, seated, without a stalk seta, ae, f., a bristle setaceus, bearing one or more bristles setiformis, bristle-shaped setiger, bristle-bearing setosus, setose, with bristles setula, ae, f., a little bristle setulose, with bristles or spines seu, or sexies, sixfold sexilocularis, with six cells or locules sexsporus, six-spored sexsulcatus, six-furrowed siccans, drying siccus, dry sigillatim, seal-like sigmoideus, sigmoid, s-like signatus, marked sileo, to be silent silva, ae, f., a forest similaris, like similis, similar simple, not branched; one-celled (of spores) simplex, icis, simple simul, at the same time simulate, apparently simulo, to imitate, copy, represent sine, without 458 GENERA OF FUNGI singularis, peculiar, not in chains singulus, each sinuatus, sinuate, indented sinuosus, crooked sistens, comprising sisto, to stand, place, contain situs, placed sociatus, grouped together soleo, to be accustomed solidiusculus, somewhat solid solitarius, solitary solitus, usual sollertus, distinguished solubilis, dissolving solutus, dissolved solve, to loosen, dissolve sordes, is, f., dirt sordidus, dirty sorus, i, m., spore mass spadiceus, brownish sparge, to scatter sparsus, scattered, sparse spatha, ae, f., a spathe spatium, i, n., space spatulatus, spatulate (spathulate), spoon- shaped species, ei, f., species spectans, looking specte, to look spermagenium, ii, n., a pycnidium-like body spermatiferus, spermatia-bearing spermatifermis, like a spermatium spermatieideus, spermatium-like spermatium, ii, n., a conidium-like body; a male sex-cell spero, to hope sphaericus, spherical sphaeroideus, nearly spherical sphaerula, ae, f., a sphere spica, ae, f., a point, ear spicatus, spike-like spiculesus, spiny spiculum, i, n., a little spine spindle, a conidium-like structure in der- mophytes spinifermis, spiniferm, spine-shaped, spiny spinuligerus, spine-bearing spinulesus, with little spines spira, ae, f., a spiral spiraliter, spirally spissus, thick, dense splendens, shining, splendid spengillifermis, sponge-like spengiesus, spongy spente, spontaneously sporangiferus, bearing sporangia sperangioliferus, bearing small sporangia sperangielum, i, n., a little sporangium sperangiephere, the stalk of a sporan- gium spere-print, the spore mass obtained by placing the cap of a mushroom flat on a piece of white paper spericus, sporal sporidielum, i, n., a little spore speridium, i, n., a spore sporiferus, spore-bearing speredochium, a compact conidial body; mass of sporophores sporogeneus, producing or bearing spores sporemerphus, spore-shaped sporephera, ae, f., sperephere, spore- body spurius, false squama, ae, f., a scale squamesus, scaly squarrose, with spreading scales or hairs stans, stantis, standing, remaining statim, steadily; forthwith statue, to erect, establish statura, ae, f., stature, height status, us, m., stage stellatus, stellate, star-like stellifermis, star-shaped sterceratus, manured stercus, oris, n., dung sterigma, atis, n., stalk stilbeus, Stilbum-like, mallet-like stilbiformis, stalk-like stilbeid, with a stalked head, Stilbum-like stipatus, crowded stipes, itis, m., a stalk stipitatus, stipitate, stalked stipitellus, i, m., a little stalk stipitiformis, stalk-like stirps, pis, f., stem, stalk; source, race stoleniferous, producing runners stelenifermis, runner-like stramineus, straw-colored stratesus, in layers stratum, i, n., a layer strenuus, prompt, vigorous stria, ae, f., a line strigesus, strigose, long or coarsely hairy striifermis, line-like GLOSSARY 459 strobilus, i, m., a cone stroma, atis, n., a covering, layer stromate, with a stroma stromaticus, stromatic, with a stroma stromatiferus, bearing a stroma stromoid, stromatoid, stroma-like structura, ae, f., a structure stuppeus, made of tow, tow-like stupposus, tow-like stylospora, ae, f., stylospore, spore borne on a hypha suadens, persuading suavis, pleasant suavolens, fragrant sub, affix meaning somewhat, slightly subacutus, somewhat acute subaequans, nearly equal subalbus, nearly white subalutaceus, somewhat yellow subastomous, more or less mouthless subbulbosus, somewhat bulbous subcarbonaceus, slightly carbonaceous subcarnulosus, slightly fleshy subclypeate, somewhat shield-shaped subcolumelliformis, somewhat like a columella subconoideus, slightly conical subcrustose, somewhat crust-like subcuboideus, somewhat cubical subcutaneus, under the epidermis subdeterminatus, limited subdiscoideus, somewhat disc-shaped subelevatus, somewhat raised suberosus, suberose, corky subfuscus, subfuscous, somewhat dark subglobosus, subglobose subiculoid, more or less like a subicle subiculum, i, n., subicle, a compact cot- tony mycelium subimmersus, slightly immersed subinde, presently, forthwith, now and then subito, suddenly subnullus, nearly lacking substantia, ae, f., substance subterraneus, subterranean, underground subtilis, thin, slender subtilitas, atis, f., fineness, thinness subtiliter, finely, thinly subulatus, subulate, awl-shaped subuliformis, awl-shaped subvitro, under the lens succineus, like amber succresco, to grow under succus, i, m., sap, moisture suffultus, supported suffusus, spread out, diffuse; tinged sulcatus, sulcate, furrowed sulcula, ae, f., a little furrow sulcus, i, m., a furrow sulphurellus, sulphurish sulphureus, sulphur-colored summa, ae, f., highest point; sum superans, exceeding superficialis, superficial, arising on the surface or epidermis, opposed to in- nate and erumpent superficies, ei, f., the surface superimpositus, superimposed superne, above, upwards superpositus, superposed superus, upper supremus, uppermost surculus, i, m., a shoot sursum, upward suspensor, supporting cell or group of cells sustinens, supporting sylva, ae, f., a forest (see silva) sympodice, sympodially, alternately synnema, atis, n., an erect fascicle of hyphae, as in Stilbaceae tabacinus, tobacco-colored tabesco, to melt tabidus, dissolving, decaying tactus, touched; us, m., touch taeniola, ae, f., a little band talis, such tamen, however, yet tandem, at length tantillus, so little tantum, so, so much; only tapetum, i, n., nutritious layer tarde, slowly, late tartareus, powdery tectus, covered tegens, covering tegmen, inis, n., a cover teleutospora, ae, f., teleutospore, winter spore teleutosporiferus, bearing teleutospores teliospore, the winter spore of rusts telium, the final stage in the life-cycle of rusts, consisting of teliospores tenacellum, somewhat tenacious tenellus, delicate 460 GENERA OF FUNGI tentacula, ae, f., a tentacle tentaculiformis, tentacle-shaped tenuatim, drawn out tenuis, slender ter, three times terete, teres, etis, rounded, cylindric teretiusculus, round, cylindric terminalis, terminal, end terminatus, terminated, ended ternate, in threes ternus, three-fold terra, ae, f., soil, earth terrestris, terrestrial, on the ground terricole, living on soil tertius, third tessellatus, checkered testa, ae, f., a shell, coat testaceus, brick-colored tetradidymus, four-fold tetragonus, four-angled tetrasporus, four-spored thalamium, i, n., a room thallicola, growing on a thallus thalliformis, thallus-like thalline exciple, applied to an exciple containing algae thallus, a more or less definite mass of hyphae typically parasitic on algae thelephoroideus, like Thelephora tigrinus, marked like a tiger tinctus, tinged tingens, tingeing tomentellus, hairy tomentosus, hairy tornatus, rounded-oflf tortuosus, flexuous tortus, twisted toruloideus, chain-like torulosus, torulose, necklace-like totaliter, totally totidem, just as many totus, all trabs, is, f., a beam tractus, us, m., a tract trahendum, to be drawn trama, ae, f., filling, weft transeptate, with all cross-walls trans- verse translucidus, clear transiens, temporary transversalis, transverse, crosswise trapezoideus, trapezium-like, irregularly four-sided tremelloideus, tremelloid, gelatinous tremellosus, jelly-like triangularis, triangular, three-angled tribus, us, f., a tribe tricornutus, with three horns trifoveolatus, with three hollows trigonus, trigonous, three-angled trilobus, three-lobed trinacriformis, three-pronged tripartitus, three-divided tripedalis, three feet long tripoUicaris, three inches long triquetrus, three-cornered trisporus, three-spored tristichus, in three rows tropicus, tropical truncatus, cut-off truncicola, growing on trunks trunculus, i, m., little trunk, stem truncus, i, m., trunk tuber, eris, n., tuber, swelling tubercularinus, like Tubercularia tubercularoideus, tubercularoid, like Tu- bercularia, warted tuberculiformis, wart-like tuberculosus, roughened tuberiformis, tuberiform, tuber-shaped tubulosus, tubular tubulus, i, m., a tube tum, then tumescens, swelling tumidulus, somewhat swollen tumidus, swollen tumifactus, swollen tunc, then tunica, ae, f., cloak, coating tunicatus, tunicate, covered turbinatus, turbinate, top-shaped turgescens, swollen turgidus, swollen turriformis, shaped like a tower turritus, turreted, tower-like tympaniform, drum-like typice, usually, characteristically typus, i. m., a type U uber, rich ubi, where ubiquemque, everywhere udus, wet uliginosus, rich, muddy uUus, any ulterior, farther ultimus, last GLOSSARY 461 ultra, beyond or more -ulus, suffix, meaning small umbellatus, umbellate, umbelled umbelliformis, like an umbel umbilicatus, umbilicate, with a navel, sunken in the center, somewhat funnel- form umbilicus, i. m., navel umbo, onis, is, m., boss, knob umbonatus, umbonate, with a boss umbra, ae, f., shade umbrinus, brown umbrosus, shady uncia, ae, f., an inch uncialis, an inch long uncinatus, hooked unde, whence undique, in all directions undulatus, wavy unguis, is, f., nail uniarticulatus, one-jointed unicus, single uniformis, of one form unilateralis, one-sided unilocular, with a single cavity or cell uniserialis, one-rowed uniseriatus, one-rowed unistratosus, one-layered unitus, joined unquam, ever urceolatus, urceolate, pitcher-shaped uredinicola, uredicole, growing on rusts uredium, sorus bearing summer spores uredospora, urediospore, summer spore of rusts uredosporiferus, bearing uredospores urniformis, urn-shaped uromorphus, tail-like usque, up to usurpatus, usurped ut, uti, as uterque, both ut-plurimum, for the most part utricularis, bladdery utriculiformis, bladder-shaped utrimque, on both sides, in both direc- tions utroque, both ways uvidus, moist, wet vaccinus, pertaining to a cow vacuus, empty vage, vaguely vagina, ae, f., a sheath vaginatus, sheathed vagus, vague valde, strongly validiusculus, more or less stout valsoid, valsous, like Valsa, with the perithecia in a circle in the stroma valva, ae, f., a valve valvatim, valvate, with valves or doors variabilis, variable varicolored, of several colors varicosus, dilated varie, variously variegatus, of different colors varius, diflferent -ve, or vegetus, fresh, vegetating vehementer, strongly vel, or velatus, veiled vellus, eris, n., fleece, wool velo, to cover velocitas, atis, f., swiftness velum, i, n., a veil veluti, as velutinus, velvety vena, ae, f., a vein venenatus, poisonous veniformis, vein-like ventricosus, swollen venula, ae, f., veinlet vere, truly vergo, to approach verisimiliter, apparently vermicularis, worm-like vermiformis, vermiform, worm-shaped vernalis, vernal, of or belonging to spring vero, truly verruca, ae, f., height; wart verruciformis, verruciform, wart-like verruculosus, verrucose, warted versatus, poured versicolor, of diflferent colors versiformis, of different forms versus, towards vertens, turning vertex, icis, m., the tip verticalis, vertical verticillatim, in whorls verticillatus, verticillate, whorled vescus, small, weak vesicula, ae, f., vesicle, swollen cell vesiculosus, vesiculose, swollen, bladdery 462 GENERA OF FUNGI vestiens, covering vestiguum, i, n., vestige, remnant vestio, to cover vestitus, furnished, covered vetustus, old vexo, to shake; injure vibrans, changing videor, to seem vigens, growing villosulus, somewhat woolly villous, woolly villus, i, m., a hairy covering vinarius, of wine vineus, of or belonging to wine vinum, i, n., wine violaceus, violet violascens, turning violet virens, becoming green virgatus, rod-shaped virgultum, i, n., bush, copse viridarium, i, n., greenhouse viridifuscus, greenish brown viridis, green viridulus, greenish virosus, slimy, fetid; poisonous viscidulus, viscid, somewhat sticky visibilis, visible visus, seen vita, ae, f, life vitellinus, yellow vitreus, glassy vitrum, i, n., glass vittatus, striped or ridged lengthwise vivens, living vividus, living, vivid vivus, alive vix, hardly volva, ae, f., a cup-like sheath at the base of a stem volvaceus, with a volva volvatus, with a volva vulgatus, common vulgo, commonly vulpinus, of a fox x-celled, with 2 or more transverse septa, two or more septate crosswise xeric, xerophytic, dry xylogenus, xylogenous, growing on wood xylophilus, growing on wood zona, ae, f., a zone zonula, ae, f., a little zone zoogenus, on animals zoogonid, zoospore, a motile propagative cell zoospora, ae, f., zoospore, motile cell, usually asexual zoosporangium, ii, n., zoosporange, vessel containing zoospores zoosporiferus, producing zoospores zygospcriacus, pertaining to a zygospore zygosporous, with resting spores formed by the conjugation of similar sex cells zymogenus, ferment-producing Index Accepted names are in bold-face, synonyms, dubia, etc., in thin-face type. In the case of the former, the first number or group refers to the key, the second to the list of types, and the third to the plates and legends, these numbers being in bold-face. Abrothallus, 118;314;27 Absidia, 3S; 236 Abstoma, 354 Acallomyces, 43; 236 Acantharia, 69; 250, 267 Acanthonitschkea, 60; 257 Acanthophiobolus, 278 Acanthorhynchus, 64; 261 Acanthostigma, 70; 270 Acanthostigmella, 270 Acanthostigmina, 270 Acanthostoma, 69; 267 Acanthotheca, 75; 276 Acanthotheciella, 276 Acanthotheciopsis, 307 Acanthothecis, 106; 307; 23 Acanthothecium, 307, 379 Acarella, 189; 373 Acarospora, 128; 321 ; 17 Acarosporae, 128 Acarosporium, 193; 378 Acaulium, 392 Acerbia, 277 Acerbiella, 75; 277 Acetabula, 138; 327; 34 Achlya,38;239 Achlyella, 33; 234 Achlyogeton, 39;240 Achorella, 90;290 Achorium, 231;409 Achorodothis, 294 Achoropeltis, 375 Achrooniyces, 341 Achrotelium, 338 Aciculosporium, 285 Acinula,231;410 Ackermannia, 238 Acladium, 204;386 Acleista, 377 Acmosporium, 386 Acolium, 119;315;28 Acompsomyces, 43; 243 Acontium, 203; 386 Acremoniella, 212: 3v2 Acremonium, 205: 386: 54 Acrocylindrium, 203; 386 Acrodesmis, 211 ; 392 Acroscyphus, 84, 120 ; 286, 3 1 5 Acrospermum, 81 ; 284; 22 Acrospira, 212; 392 Acrosporium, 388 Acrostalagmus, 203; 386; 54 Acrotheca, 211;392 Acrotheciella, 225 ;404 Acrothecium, 216; 396; 56 Actiniceps, 227; 406 Actinidothiopsis, 271 Actiniopsis, 79; 283 Actinocephalum, 237 Actinochaete, 214; 392 Actinocymbe, 57; 255 Actinodochium, 224; 403 Actinodothis,98;298 Actinomma, 331 Actinomucor, 238 Actinomyxa, 98; 300, 312 Actinopelte, 368 Actinopeltella, 256 Actinopeltis, 58; 256; 8 Actinoplaca, 123; 318 Actinoscypha, 117; 314 Actinostilbe, 288;407 Actinothecium, 189; 373 Actinothyrium, 192; 376; 51 Acurtis, 345 Adelococcus, 64; 261 Adelopus, 56; 253 Adermatis, 128;320 Aecidiella, 336 Aecidiolum, 338 Aecidium, 150; 334 Aegerita, 221;399 Aegeritopsis, 399 Aeruginospora, 348 Aethaloderma, 253 Aethalomyces, 57; 254 463 Agaricaceae, 160, 164; 348; 44,45 Agaricales, 159; 343 Agaricus, 167; 350; 45 Aglaospora, 73; 272; 13 Agonimia, 88;289 Agostaea, 295,413 Agyriaceae, 142; 330 Agyriales, 141 ; 330 Agyriella,224;403 Agyriella, 331 Agyriellopsis, 193; 377 Agyrina, 116, 142;330 Agyrina, 313, 330 Agyriopsis, 117, 143 ; 313,330 Agyrium, 116, 142; 313, 331; 26 Agyronella, 143; 331 Agyrophora, 126; 318 Ahlesia, 115; 313 Albofifia,262 Albofiella, 352 Albuginae, 40 Albugo, 40; 241; 4 Aldona, 103, 108;305 Aldridgea, 343 Alectoria, 130;322; 32 Aleuria, 138; 327; 34 Aleurina, i38; 327 Aleurodiscus, 161 ; 344 Aleurodomyces, 41 1 Aleurosporia, 410 Alina, 54;250 Allantonectria, 76; 279; 15 Allantophomopsis, 359 Allantoporthe, 264 Allantospora, 208 ; 390 AUantozythia, 187; 371 Allarthonia, 105;306 Allarthothelium, 105; 306 Allescheria, 247 Allescheriella, 400 Allescherina, 257 .•Mliospora, 386 464 GENERA OF FUNGI Allodus, 336 Allomyces, 242 Allosoma, 93 ; 296 Aloysiella, 69;267 Alphitomyces, 228 ; 406 Alternaria,217;397;57 Alveolaria, 149; 334 Alysisporium, 184; 366 Amallospora, 223 ; 402 Amanita, 165; 348; 44 Amanitella, 349 Amanitopsis, 165; 348 Amastigis,207;390 Amastigosporium, 390 Amaurascus, 49; 246 Amazonia,99;300;21 Amblyosporiopsis, 388 Amblyosporium, 202; 386; 53 Ameghiniella, 312 Ameris, 149; 334 Amerodothis, 89;290 Amerosporiella, 403 Amerosporis, 223; 403 Amerosporium, 192; 377 Anierostege, 261 Amoebochytrium, 34; 234 Amorphomyces, 44, 243 Amphichaeta, 199; 384 Amphichaete, 400 Amphichaetella, 220; 399 Amphiciliella, 365 Amphicytostroma, 368 Amphididymella, 267 Amphiernia, 41 1 Amphinectria, 283 Amphischizonia, 125; 318 Amphisphaeria, 69; 267; 12 Amphorula, 364 Ampullaria, 373 Amylirosa, 90;290 Amylis, 62; 258 Anaphysmene, 376 Anaptychia, 132; 323; 32 Anapyrenium, 87; 289 Anariste,300, 303 Anatexis, 252 Ancylistaceae, 39; 240; 3 Ancylistes, 39;240;3 Andreaea, 392 Andreaeana, 392 Anellaria, 168; 350 Anema, 121; 316 Angatia, 93 ; 296 Angelinia, 324 Angiopoma, 184; 366 Angiopomopsis, 366 Anhellia,93;296 Anisochora, 294 Anisogramma, 264, 292 Anisomj'ces, 269 Anisomyxa, 233 Anisostomula, 260 Anixia, 247, 354 Anixiopsis, 51; 247 Annularia, 166; 349 Anomomyces, 22; 404 Anomorpha, 106; 307 Anomothallus, 304 Antenella, 57;253 Antenellina, 56; 253 Antennulariella, 255 Anthina, 232;410 Anthomyces, 152; 337 Anthomyces, 412 Anthomycetella, 153; 337 Anthostoma, 64; 261 ; 10 Anthostomaria, 63 ; 261 Anthostomella, 63 ; 261 ; 10 Anthostomellina, 258 Anthracoderma, 180; 357 Anthracoidea, 339 Anthracophyllum, 168; 350 Anthracothecium, 86; 288 Anthurus, 170; 351; 46 Antromyces, 230; 408 Antromycopsis, 229; 407 Anzia, 129;322 Aorate, 209;391 Aphanascus, 51 ; 247 Aphanomyces, 38; 240; 3 Aphanomycopsis, 240 Aphanopeltis, 302 Aphanostigme, 70; 270 Aphysa, 101;303 Apiocarpella, 363 Apiocrea, 281 Apiognomonia, 265 Apioporthe, 264 Apioporthella, 264 Apiorhynchostoma, 272 Apiosphaeria, 78; 281 Apiospora, 294 Apiosporella, 264, 363 Apiosporina, 54, 67, 69; 250, 263 Apiosporina, 264 Apiosporium, 255 Apiosporopsis, 264 Apiotrabutia, 294 Apiotypa, 268 Aplacodina, 265 Aplanes, 38;240;3 Aplopsora, 148; 334 Apocytospora, 369 Apodachlya,39;240;3 Apodya, 240 Aponectria, 78; 281 Aporhytisma, 310 Aporophallus, 169; 351 Aposphaeria, 178; 357 Aposphaeriella, 272 Aposphaeriopsis, 369 Aposporella, 392 Apostemidium, 326 Appendicularia, 244 Apyrenium, 343 Arachniopsis, 352 Arachniotus, 49; 246 Arachnium, 354 Arachnomyces, 51 ; 247 Arachnopeziza, 137; 325 Araeospora, 39; 240 Araneomyces, 223; 402 Arcangelia, 66; 264 Arcangeliella, 173; 355 Arctomia, 122; 316 Arenaea, 136; 325 Areolaria, 353 Argomycetella, 150, 334 Argopsis, 127; 320; 30 Argynna, 255 Armatella, 97;298 Armillaria, 165; 348 Arnaudiella, 302 Arrhenia, 165;348 Arrhytidia, 159; 342 Arthonia, 105; 306; 23 Arthoniactis, 125; 319 Arthoniae, 105 Arthoniopsis, 105; 306 Arthotheliopsis, 124; 318 Arthothelium, 105; 306 Arthrinium, 212, 224; 392, 403; 55 Arthrobotryella, 214; 395 Arthrobotrys, 206; 389; 54 Arthrobotryum, 230; 409 Artlirobotryum, '396 ' "»*' Arthropyrenia, 87 ; 288 V Arthropyreniella, 288 -^.. Arthrorhynchus, 44; 243f5 INDEX 465 Arthrosporium, 407 Articularia, 203 ; 386 Articulariella, 406 Articulis, 228;406 Asbolisia, 179;357 Aschersonia, 188; ill; 50 Aschersoniopsis, 379 Ascobolaceae, 140; 330; 37 Ascobolae, 141 Ascobolus, 141;330;37 Ascocalathium, 142; 331 Ascochyta, 182;363;49 Ascochytella, 363 Ascochytopsis, 180; 357 Ascochytula, 363 Ascochytulina, 182; 363 Ascocorticium, 144; ZZl; 37 Ascodesmis, 142; 331 Ascoidea, IT; 239 Ascoideaceae, 37; 239 Ascomycetella, 93; 296 Ascomycetes, 42 Ascophanae, 141 Ascophanus, 141 ; 330; 37 Ascopolyporus, 82; 284 Ascosorus, 144; ZZ2 Ascospora, 67; 264 Ascostratum, 93 ; 296 Ascotricha, 262 Aseroe, 170;351;46 Ashbia,246 Aspergillae, 202 Aspergillopsis, 393 Aspergillus, 202; 386 Aspergillus, 247 Asperisporium, 215; 395 Aspidopyrenis, 85; 287 Aspidopyrenium, 287 Aspidothea, 298 Aspidothelium, 85; 287; 18 Asporomyces, 411 Asterella, 300 Asteridiella, 254 Asteridiellina, 301 Asteridium, 251, 301 Asterina,99;300;21 Asterineae, 99 Asterinella,99;301 Asteristium, 125; 319 Asterocalyx, 112; 311 Asteroconium, 200; 385 Asterodon, 162; 346 Asterodothis.97;298 Asterolibertia, 300 Asteroma, 179; 357 Asteromassaria, 273 Asteromella, 178; 357 Asteromidium, 184; 365 Asteromyxa, 99; 301 Asteronaevia, 310 Asteronia, 374 Asteropeltis, 289 Asterophlyctis, ^li, 234 Asterophora, 205; 386; 54 Asteroporum, 87; 288 Asteropsis, 181; 361 Asterosporium, 199, 200; 384; 52 Asterostomella, 190; 374 Asterostomula, 190; 375 Asterostroma, 161; 344 Asterostromella, 161 ; 344 Asterothyrium, 123; 318 Asterothyrium, 375 Astraeus, 171 ; 352 Astrocystis, 64; 262 Astrodochium, 224; 403 Astrosphaeriella, 268 Astrotheliae, 88 Astrothelium, 88; 290 Atichia, 143; 331 Atopospora, 293 Atractiella,227;406 Atractilina, 407 Atractina, 216;396 Atractium,228;407;57 Atrichophytum, 410 Auerswaldia, 89;290 Auerswaldiella, 90; 290 Auerswaldiopsis, 401 Aulacostroma,96; 298; 21 Aulaxina, 105;307 Aulographella,99;301 Aulographis, 100; 301 Aulographum, 103; 305; 10 Aureobasidium, 343, 381 Aureobasis, 160, 197; 343, 381 Auricularia, 157; 341 ; 41 Auriculariaceae, 157; 341 Auriculariclla, 341 Autoecomyces, 45; 244 Avettaea, 369 B Bacidia, 125;319;30 Bactrexcipula, 378 Bactridiopsis, 400,402 Bactridium, 222; 402; 58 Bactrosphaeria, 75; 277 Bactrospora, 119; 314 Baculospora, 11; 280 Baeodromus, 149; 334 Baeomyces, 126; 320; 30 Baeumleria, 361 Baggea, 118;314;27 Bagnisiella,94;296;20 Bagnisiopsis, 89;290; 19 Bakeromyces, 261 Bakerophoma, 359 Balansia, 82; 285 Balansiella, 285 Balansina, 285 Balansiopsis, 285 Balladyna,56;253 Balladynella, 56;253 Balladynopsis, 56; 253 Balsamia, 146;332;38 Balzania, 77; 279 Barclayella, 338, 383 Bargellinia, 46; 245 Barlaea, 328 Barlaeina, 328 Barssia, 145; 332 Bartalinia, 184; 365 Barya, 81;285 Basiascella, 375 Basiascum, 396 Basidiella, 229;407 Basidiobolus, 37; 239; 2 Bas'diobotrys, 202;386 Basidiomycetes, 157 Basidiophora, 40; 241 ; 4 Basilocula. 369, 385 Basisporium, 212; 393 Battarina, 77; 279 Battarrea, 171; 352 Battarreopsis, 171 ; 352 Baunianniella, 345 Baumiella, 71 ; 270 Beauveria, 388 Beccariella, 344 Beelia,99;301 Belonia,86;288 Belonidium, 133; 324 Beloniella. 134; 324 Belonioscypha, 136; 325 Belonioscyphella, 324, 325 Belonium, 136; 325 Bclonopeziza, 324 Belonopsis, 134; 324 466 Belospora, 136; 325 Beltrania,214;395;56 Benguetia, 315 Beniowskia, 221;400 Berkelella,80;283 Berlesiella, 73; 274; 14 Bertia, 67 ; 264 Bertiella, 70;270 Bertiella, 265 Biatora, 125;319;30 Biatorella, 117. 125; 314, 319; 27 Biatorellina, 313 Biatorina, 125; 319 Bifusella, 103, 108; 305, 308 Bionectria, 282 Bioporthe, 265 Bioscypha, 134; 324 Biotyle, 278 Bispora, 214;395;56 Bisporella, 326 Bivonella,81;284 Bizzozeria, 271 Bizzozeriella, 405 Blakeslea, 36; 236 Blasdalea,96;298;21 Blastenia, 132; 323 Blastocladia, 41 ; 242 Blastocladiaceae, 40; 242 Blastodendrum, 412 Blastoderma, 411 Blastodesmia, 288 Blastomyces, 204; 386 Blastomycoides, 410 Blastospora, 150; 334 Blastotrichum, 207; 390; 54 Blennoria, 220;400;52 Blennoriopsis, 187; 371 Blepharospora, 241 Blodgettia, 216;396 Bloxamia, 197;381 Blumenavia, 169; 351 Blytridium, 312 Bodinia,409 BoerlagelIa,73;274 Bolacotricha, 262 Bolbitius, 167;350 Boletinus, 164; 346 Boletogaster, 354 Boletopsis, 346 Boletus, 164; 346 Bolinia, 65 ; 262 Bolosphaera, 69; 267 Bombardia, 64;262; 10 GENERA OF FUNGI Bombardiastrum, 71 ; 270 Bombardiella, 75;277 Bombyliospora, 132; 323 Bommerella, 64; 262 Bonanseia, 108; 308 Bonia, 161 ; 344 Bonordeniella, 226; 404 Bonplandiella, 224; 403 Borenquenia, 82; 285 Bostrichonema, 206; 389 Bothrodiscus, 179; 357 Botrydiplis, 183; 364 Botryella, 183; 363 Botryochora,89;291 Botryoconis, 160, 197; 343, 383 Botryogene, 184; 365 Botryophoma, 180; 357 Botryorhiza, 149; 334 Botryosphaeria, 63, 89; 258, 291; 10 Botryosphaerostroma, 361 Botryosporium, 203 ; 386 ; 53 Botryostroma, 264 Botryotrichum, 213; 393 Botrysphaeris, 182; 361 Botrytidae, 204 Botrytis, 204;386;54 Bottaria,88;290 Boudiera, 141;330;37 Boudierella, 141; 330 Bourdotia, 342 Bovilla, 75 ; 277 Bovista, 172; 352; 47 Bovistella, 171; 352 Bovistoides, 354 Boydia, 266 Brachyascus, 331 Brachysporium, 216; 396 Brefeldiella, 100;301 Bremia, 40;241;4 Bremiella, 241 Brencklea, 364 Brenesiella, 278 Bresadolella, 281 Bresadolia, 347 Bresadolina, 345 Brevilegnia, 240 Briardia, 110;310 Briarea, 386 Brigantiella, 83;286 Briosia,229;407 Broomeia, 172;352;47 Broomella, 71, 72; 270; 16 Brunchorstia, 373 Bryophagus, 129; 321 Bryopogon, 322 Bubakia,338 Buellia, 132;323;30 Bulbothamnidium, 238 Bulgaria, 116; 313; 26 Bulgariaceae, 115; 313; 26 Bulgariastrum, 116; 313 Bulgariella, 313 Bulgariopsis, 314 Bullaria, 336 Bullera, 411 Bulliardella, 103;305 Burkardia, 314 Burrillia, 156; 339 Butleria, 93;296 Byssocallis, 80;283 Byssochlamys, 46; 245 Byssocystis, 357 Byssogene, 297 Byssolecania, 123; 318 Byssoloma, 125; 319 Byssolomae, 125 Byssolophis, 83; 279 Byssonectria, 77; 279 Byssotheciella, 274 Cacosphaeria, 66; 264 Cadophora, 210;393 Caenomyces, 45; 245 Caenothyrium,98; 301 Caeoma, 150; 334 Calathiscus, 170; 352 Calcarisporium, 203; 386 Caldariomyces, 398 Caldesia, 112;311;27 Caldesiella, 346 Calenia, 123, 127:318,320 Caleniae, 123 Caliciaceae, 119; 315; 23, 28 Caliciopsis, 58; 256; 23 Calicium, 120;316;28 Calidion, 150;334 Calliospora, 337 Calloria, 116;313;26 Calloriella, 313 Calloriopsis, 313 Calocera, 159;342;42 Calocladia, 249 Caloderma, 353 Calogloeum, 382 CaloIepis,93;296 INDEX 467 Calonectria, 79;283 Calopactis, 358 Calopeltis, 302 Calopeziza, 93 ; 296 Calopeziza, 324 Caloplaca, 132; 323; 32 Calosphaeria, 60; 257; 9 Calospora, 71;270; 12 Calosporella, 270 Calostilbe, 79;282 Calostilbella,230;409 Calostoma, 353 Calothyriella,99;301 Calothyriolum,99;301 Calothyriopeltis, 301 Calothyriopsis, 303 Calothyris,99;301 Calothyriuni,99;301 Calotrichopsis, 85; 287 Calvatia, 171;352 Calycella, 326 Calycellina, 324, 326 Calycidium, 120;315 Calyculosphaeria, 267 Calyptospora, 154; 338; 40 Calyptra, 56;253 Calyptralegnia, 240 Calyptronectri?., 80; 284 Camarographium, 185; 366 Camarops, 262 Camarosporellum, 366 Camarosporium, 185, 216; 366, 396; 50 Camarosporulum, 367 Camarotella, 294 Camillea, 65 ; 262 Cainpanella, 348 Campbellia, 347 Campoa,99;301 Campsotrichum, 212; 393 Camptomeris, 396 Camptomyces, 43; 243; 5 Camptosphaeria, 61 ; 258 Camptoum, 393, 403 Campylothelium, 87 ; 289 ; 18 Candelaria, 130; 322 Candelariella, 127; 320 Candelospora, 207;390 Candida, 412 Cantharellus, 165; 348; 44 Cantharomyces, 42; 243; 5 Cantharosphaeria, 66; 264 Capillaria, 232;411 Capnites, 254; 275 Capnodaria, 57; 254 Capnodiaceae, 56; 253 Capnodiastrum, 181 ; 361 Capnodiella, 256 Capnodina, 254 Capnodinula, 253 Capnodiopsis, 297, 332 Capnodium, 57;254; 8 Capnophaeum, 57; 254 Capnostysanus, 408 Capronia, Th ; 274 Carestiella, 111;310 Carlia, 278 Carlosia, 120; 316 Carothecis, 51; 247 Carpenteles, 49; 247 Caryospora, 12; 272 Casaresia, 218;398 Castagnella, 91 ; 291 Castoreum, 354 Catabotrys, 89;291;20 Catacauma, 293 Catacaumella, 294 Catastoma, 171; 352; 47 Catathelasma, 351 Catenaria, 34; 235; 1 Catenularia,211;393 Catharinia, 274 Catilla, 344 Catillaria, 125; 319 Catinaria, 125; 319 Catinella, 314, 327 Catinula, 99; 377 Catocarpus, 125; 319 Caudella,99;301 Caudospora, 67; 264 Caudosporella, 188;372 Cauloglossum 170; 353; 47 Causalis, 62; 258 Celidium, 105;306 Celtidea,248 Cenangella, 1 1 5 ; 3 1 2 Cenangina, 312 Cenangiopsis, 114; 312 Ctfnangium, 114; 312; 26 Cenococcum, 332 Cephaliophora, 207; 390 Cephalodochium, 220; 400 Cephalomyces, 214; 395 Cephalosporiae, 202 Cephalosporium, 202; 386 Cephalotelium, 337 Cephalotheca, 51 ; 248; 6 Cephalothecium, 206 ; 389 ; 54 Cephalotrichum, 21 1 ; 393 Ccracea, 342 Ceraeomyces, 44; 244 Cerastomis, 62; 259 Ceratocarpia, 52; 248 Ceratochaete, 253 Ceratochaetopsis, 56; 253 Ceratocladium, 230; 408; 55 Ceratomyces, 45 ; 245 ; 5 Ceratomycetaceae, 45; 244 Ceratophoma, 176; TtT^ Ceratophorum, 215; 396 Ceratoporthe, 265 Ceratopycnidium, 363 Ceratopycnis, 182, 184; 366 Ceratopycnium, 363 Ceratosperma, 55; 251 Ceratosphaeria, 70; 270; 12 Ceratosporella, 399 Ceratosporium, 218; 399 Ceratostoma, 64; 262; 10 Ceratostomella, 62; 259; 9 Cercidospora, 265 Cercoseptoria, 398 Cercosphaerella, 266 Cercospora,218;398; 56 Cercosporella, 208;391 Cercosporidium, 217; 396 Cercosporina, 398 Cercosporiopsis, 398 Cerebella,226;404 Cerillum,65, 77; 262, 280 Ceriomyces, 348 Cerion, 311 Ceriophora, 268 Ceriospora, 68; 268 Ceriosporella, 66; 264 Cerocorticium, 344 Cerotelium, 148;334 Cesatiella, 79;283 Cetraria, 130;322;32 Ceuthocarpum, 75; 277 Ceuthodiplospora, 363 Ceuthosira, 369, 381 Ceuthospora, 179; 357 Ceuthosporella, 369 Chaconia, 148;334 Chaenoderma, 170; Z':^}) Chaenotheca, 120; 316; 28 Chaetalysis, 190;375 Chaetasbolisia, 179; 357 Chaetaspis,96;298 Chaetasterina, 254 Chaetobasidiella, 383 468 GENERA OF FUNGI Chaetobasis, 197; 383 Chaetobotrys, 56; 253 Chaetoccratostoma, 262 Chaetoceris, 64; 262 Chaetocladiae, 36 Chaetocladium, 36; 237; 2 Chaetoconidium, 205; 386 Chaetoconis, 364 Chaetocrea,80;283 Chaetocytostroma, 180; 357 Chaetodiplis, 183; 364 Chaetodiplodia, 183; 364, 369; 50 Chaetodiplodina, 183; 363 Chaetodiscula, 378 Chaetolentomita, 66; 264 Chaetomastia, 273 Chaetomella, 181; 361; 49 Chaetomeris, 57, 80 ; 254, 284 Chaetomidium, 262- Chaetomium, 64; 262; 10 Chaetomyces, 45; 244; 5 Chaetopcltiopsis, 376 Chaetopeltis, 376 Chaetopeltopsis, 101 ; 303 Chaetophiophoma, 186; 367 Chaetophoma, 179; 357 Chaetophomella, 179; 357 Chaetoplaca, 101; 303 Chaetoplea, 74;275 Chaetopsis, 214;393 Chaetopyrena, 369 Chaetopyrenis, 70; 270 Chaetosclerophonia, 369 Chaetoscypha, 326 Chaetosira, 223;403 Chaetospermum, 220; 400 Chaetosphaeria, 72; 273; 13 Chaetosphaeronema, 176; 357 Chaetosphaeropsis, 362 Chaetosticta, 365 Chaetostigme, 54; 250; 8 Chaetostigmella, 54; 250 Chaetostroma, 22i\ 403; 58 Chaetostroma, i77 Chaetostromella, 226; 404 Chaetostylum, 238 Chaetotheca, 51 ; 247 Chaetothyrina, 56; 253 Chaetothyriolum, 376 Chaetothyriopsis, 98; 301 Chaetothyrium, 57; 253 Chaetotrichum, 217; 396 Chaetozythia, 2)7i Chaetyllis, 56;253 Chalara,213;393 Chalaropsis, 210;393 Chalcosphaeria, 271 Chamonixia, 173; 355 Chantransiopsis, 205; 386 Charcotia, 126; 319 Charonectria, 78; 281 Charrinia, 271 Cheilaria, 376 Cheilymenia, 329 Chelisporium, 226, 405 Chevaliera, 250 Chevalieropsis, 53; 250 Chiajea, 80;284 Chiastospora, 188; 2)72 Chiloella, 260 Chilomyces, 53;249 Chilonectria, 77; 279; 15 Chiodectae, 107 Chiodectum, 107;308;23 Chiroconium, 184; 365 Chiromycella, 226; 405 Chiromyces, 226; 405 Chiropodium, 217; 396 Chitonia, 167; 350 Chitoniella, 167;350 Chitonomyces, 43 ; 243 ; 5 Chitonospora, 273 Chlamydaleurosporia, 410 Chlamydomucor, 237 Chlamydomyces, 390 Chlamydopus, 354 Chlamydosporium, 413 Chloridium, 214;393 Chlorocaulum, 127; 320 Chlorodothis, 94;296 Chloropeltis,318 Chlorophyllum, 349 Chlorospleniella, 326 Chlorosplenium, 135; 326 Chlorospora, 349 Chnoopsora, 154; 338 Choanophora, 36; 2i7 ; 2 Choanophorae, 36 Choeromyces, 146; 332 Chondrogaster, 356 Chondropodiella, 176; 357 Chondropodium, 369 Choriactis, 114; 312 Chorostate, 68;264; 12 Chorostella, 68;264 Chroinocrea, 283 Chromocreopsis, 280, 283 Chromocytospora, 189; 373 Chromosporium, 201; 386; 53 Chromotorula, 412 Chrysella, 150;334 Chrysocelis, 148;334 Chrysocyclus, 151 ; 335 Chrysomyces, 54; 250 Chrysomyxa, 153; 338; 39 Chrysopsora, 151 ; 335 Chrysothrix, 120; 316; 28 Chrysotrichaceae, 120; 316 Chytridiaceae, 32; 234 Chytridiae, i2 Chytridiales, 30;233; 1 Chytridium, ii; 235; 1 Ciboria, 326 CicadomyceSi 41 1 Cicinnobella, 181, 187; 361, 371 Cicinnobolus, 177; 357 Cidaris, 330 Ciferria, 186; 367 Ciliaria, 329 Ciliciocarpus, 354 Ciliciopodiuin, 406 Ciliciopus,228;406;57 Ciliella, 133; 324 Ciliochora, 176;357 Ciliofusa, 225; 404 Ciiiofusarium, 404 Ciliomyces, 80; 284 Ciliophora, \77\y?7 Ciliospora, 187; 371 Ciliosporella. 188; 372 Cintractia, 155; 339 Cionothrix, 149; 334 Circinastruni, 371 Circinella, 35; 2^7 Circinotrichum, 213; 393 Cirromyces, 213; 393 Cirsosia, 302 Cirsosiella, 302 Citromyccs, 388 Cladobotryum, 203 ; 386 Cladochaete, 181; 361 Cladochytriae, 34 Cladochytrium, 34; 235 Cladoderris, 161 ; 344 Cladographium, 230; 408 Cladonia, 127; 320; 30 Cladoniaceae, 126, 320; 30 Cladorhinum, 214; 393 INDEX 469 Cladosphaeria, 273 Cladosporium, 215 ; 395 Cladosterignia, 343, 409 Cladotrichum, 215; 395; 56 Clarkeinda, 350 Clasterosporium, 215; 396 Clathrella, 170;352 Clathridium, 73; 274 Clathrococcum, 226; 404 Clathrogaster, 172; 355 Clathroporina, 86; 288 Clathrospora, 74; 275 Clathrotrichum, 228; 406 Clathrus, 169;352;46 Claudopus, 166;349;45 Claussenomyces, 313 Claustula, 352 Clavaria, 162; 345; 42 Clavariaceae, 162; 345; 42 Clavariopsis, 232; 411 Clavariopsis, 342 Claviceps, 82;285; 16 Clavogaster, 354 Clavularia, 406 Clavulinopsis, 351 Cleistophoma, 359 Cleistosoma, 76; 279 Cleistosphaera, 53; 249 Cleistotheca, 276 Cleistothecopsis, 276 Clematomyces, 45 ; 244 Cleptomyces, 151 ; 335 Clidiomyces, 43; 243 Cliniconidium, 343 Clinterium, 377 Clintoniella, 281 Cliostomum, 369 Clistophoma, 359 Clistosoma, 76; 279 Clistosphaera, 53; 249 Clistotheca, 276 Clistothecopsis, 276 Clithris, 109;308;24 Clitocybe, 165; 348 Clitopilus, 166;349;45 Clonostachyopsis, 386 Clonostachys, 203; 386 Closteraleurosporia, 410 Closterosporia, 410 Clypeochorella, 176; 357 Clypeodiplodina, 363 Clypeolella, 300 Clypeolina, 99;30I Clypeolina, 303 riypeolopsis, 303 Clypeolum, 101; 303 Clypeoporthc, 265 Clypeoporthella, 261 Clypeopycnis, 188; 372 Clypcoseptoria, 367 Clypeosphaeria, 71 ; 273; 13 Clypeostignia, 280 Clypeostroma, 92; 292 Clypeothecium, 70; 270 Clypeotrabutia, 259 Coccidiascus, 47; 245 Coccidiodes, 410 Coccidomyces, 41 1 Coccidophthora, 12; 273 Cocciscia,84;287 Coccobotrys, 41 1 Coccocarpia, 131 ; Zli Coccochora, 293 Coccochorella, 293 Coccodiella, 91;291 Coccodinium, 255, 276 Coccodiscus, 91 ; 291 Coccodothella,91;291 Coccodothis, 291 Coccoidea, 295 Coccoidella, 91;291 Coccomycella, 308 Coccomyces, 109; 308; 24 Coccomycetella, 308 Cocconia,96;298;21 Cocconiopsis, 299 Coccopeziza, 110; 310 Coccophacidium, 109; 309 Coccospora, 221 ; 400 Coccosporella, 201 ; 387 Coccosporium, 218;398 Coccostroma, 90;291;20 Coccostromopsis, 90; 291 Coccotrema, 86;288 Coelographium, 229; 408 Coelomyces, 242, 354 Coelomycidium, 233 Coelosphaeria, 258 Coemansia, 203; 238, 387 Coemansiella, 203; 238, 387 Coenogonium, 120; 316 Coleodictyospora, 398 Coleodictys, 218;398 Coleonaema, 368 Coleophoma, 178; 295, 357 Coleopuccinia, 152; 335 Coleosporium, 153; 338 Coleroa,66;264 Collacystis, 187; 371 Collema, 122; 316; 29 Collemaceae, 121, 316; 28, 29 Collemis, 122; 316 CoUemodes, 122; 316 Collemopsidium, 121 ; 316 Colletomanginia, 262, 280 Colletotrichella, 381 Colletotrichopsis, 381 Colletotrichum 196; 381 Collodochium,220;400 Collonaema, 367 Collonaemella, 367 Collybia, 166;348;44 Collyria, 343 Colpoma, 308 Coipomella, 369 Columnophora, 210; 393 Columnothyrium, 189; 373 Colus, 169; 333; 46 Combea, 107; 307 Comesia,135; 326 Comoclathris, ll\ 275 Complectoria, yi ; 239 Compsomyces, 45 ; 244; 5 Confervales, 40 Conida, 105; 306 Conidiascus,48; 239,246 Conidiobolus, 37; 239; 2 Coniella, 181; 361 Coniocarpum, 105; 306 Coniochaeta, 64; 262 Coniocybe, 120; 316; 28 Coniodictyum, 208;391 Coniophora, 161 ; 344; 42 Coniophorella, 161 ; 344 Conioscypha, 210; 393 Coniosporium, 210; 393; 55 Coniothecium, 217;398 Coniothyrella, 361 Coniothj'riella, 378 Coniothyrina, 181 ; 361 Coniothyrimila, 362 Coniothyriopsis, 181 ; 362 Coniothyriopsis, 361 Coniothyris, 193; 378 Coniothyrium, 181 ; 362; 49 Conoplea, 197;381 Conostroma, 178; 358 Conotheciella, 398 Conotrema, 128; 320 Constantinella, 213; 393 Cookeina, 328 470 GENERA OF FUNGI Cookella,93;296 Copelandia, 350 Copranophilus, 81 ; 285 Coprinopsis, 351 Coprinus, 168;350;45 Coprolepa, 262 Cora, 161; 344 Corallodendrum, 227; 406 Corallomyces, 282 Coraliomycetella, 282 Cordana,214;395 Cordelia, 210; 393 Cordierites,84;286 Corditubera, 172; 353 Cordyceps,82;285; 16 Corella, 161; 344 Coremiella, 227;406 Coremium, 227; 406; 57 Coreomyces, 45; 245 Corethromyces, 44; 244; 5 Corethropsis, 202;387 Cornicularia, 367 Corniculariella, 367 Cornucopiella, 178; 358 Cornuella, 340 Cornularia, 186; 367 Corollium, 392 Corollospora, 183; 363 Coronella, 202, 387 Coronophora, 60; 257 Coronophorella, 60; 257 Coronotelium, 336 Corticium, 161; 344; 42 Cortinarius, 167; 350 Corymbomyces, 203; 387 Coryne, 116;313;26 Corynelia, 58;256; 17 Coryneliaceae, 58; 256; 17 Coryneliella, 257 Corynespora, 398 Corynetes, 329 Coryneum, 199; 384; 52 Coscinaria, 81;285 Coscinopeltis, 96; 298, 301 ; 21 Cosmariospora, 222; 401 ; 58 Coutinia, 260 Couturea, 185;366 Crandallia, 189; 373 Craterellus, 161;344;42 Craterocolla, 158;341 Creomelanops, 286 Creonectria, 282 Creosphaeria, 278 Creothyrium, 189; 373 Crepidotus, 167; 350; 45 Criella, 108; 309 Crinula,229;408 Crinula, 313 Criserosphaeria, 75; 277 Cristulariella, 202; 387 Crocicreas, 194; 379; 49 Crocynia, 120; 316 Cronartium, 154; 338; 39 Crossopsora, 154; 338 Crotone, 90;291; 19 Crotonocarpia, 74; 276 Crucibulum, 174; 356; 48 Crumenula, 115;312;26 Cryphonectria, 265 Cryptascus, 64; 262 Cryptica, 333 Cryptobasidium, 343 Cryptoceuthospora, 369 Cryptocline, 382 Cryptococcus, 412 Cryptocoryneum, 225 ; 404 Cryptoderis, 70; 271 Cryptodiaporthe, 264 Cryptodidymosphaeria, 268 Cryptodiscus, 110; 310; 25 Cryptoleptosphaeria, 278 Cryptomela, 198; 383 Cryptomycella, 369 Cryptomyces, 108; 309; 24 Cryptomycina, 309 Cryptonectriopsis, 62; 259 Cryptopeltis, 304 Cryptopeltosphaeria, 282 Cryptopezia, 135; 326 Cryptophaella, 181; 362 Cryptophallus, 169;352 Cryptoporus, 163; 347; 43 Cryptopus, 253 Cryptorhynchella, 182; 363 Cryptorhynchella, 368 Cryptosphaerella, 60, 61 ; 257 Cryptosphaeria, 60, 61; 257 Cryptosphaerina, 72>; 273 Cryptospora, 75;277; 15 Cryptosporella, 63; 259 Cryptosporina, 259 Cryptosporiopsis 179, 197; 369, 381 Cryptosporium, 369 Cryptostictella, 184; 365 Cryptostictis, 199;384 Cryptothecium, 283 Cryptothele, 121;317 Cryptothelium, 88;290 Cryptovalsa, 61 ; 257 Ctenoderma, 150; 334 Ctenomyces, 49; 246 Cubonia, 141; 330 Cucurbidotliis, 276 Cucurbitaria, 74;276; 14 Cucurbitariella, 263 Cudonia, 140;329;36 Cudoniella, 140;329 Cutininghaniella, 36; 237 Cunninghamia, 237 Curreya, 74;276 Curreyella, 275 Cuticularia, 232 ; 41 1 Cutomyces, 336 Cyanobaeis, 126; 320 Cyanocephalum, 78; 281 Cyanochyta, 188; 372 Cyanoderma, 81 ; 285 Cyanophomella, 187; 371 Cyanospora, 278 Cyathicula, 135;326;33 Cyathus, 174; 356; 48 Cycloconium, 214; 395 Cycloderma, 354 Cyclodomus, 177; 358 Cyclodothis,291 Cyclographa, 106;307 Cyclomyces, 164; 347; 44 Cycloschizella,96;298 Cycloschizum,96;298 Cyclostoniella,96;298 Cyclotheca, 97;298;21 Cyclothyrium, 362 Cylindrina, 75;277 Cylindrium, 201 ; 387 Cylindrocarpum, 405 Cylindrocephalum, 203; 387 Cylindrocladium, 206; 389 Cylindrocolla, 220; 400; 58 Cylindrodendrum, 205 ; 387 Cylindrophora, 205 ; 387 Cylindrosporelia, 382 Cylindrosporium, 200; 385; 52 Cylindrothyrium, 376 Cylindrotrichum, 204; i?,7 Cylomyces, 225; 404 Cyniatella, 351 Cyphelium, 120;316;23 Cyphella, 161;344 INDEX 471 Cyphellomyces, 354 Cyphellopycnis, 369 Cyphina, 195;379 Cyphospilea, 67; 264, 295 Cystingophora, 2>2)7 Cystodendrum, 213; 393 Cystolobis, 129; 322 Cystomyces, 153; 2)2)7 Cystophora,212;393 Cystopsora, 148; 334 Cystopus, 241 Cystospora, 233 Cystotelium, 337 Cystotheca, 249 Cystothyrium, 191; 375 Cystotricha, 195; 380 Cytidia, 161;344 Cytodiplospora, 183; 363 Cytogloeum, 197;382 Cytonaema, 369 Cytophoma, 369 Cytoplacosphaeria, 369, 376 Cytoplea, 181;362 Cytosphaera, 181; 362 Cytospora, 179;358;49 Cytosporella, 179; 358 Cytosporina, 186; 367; 50 Cytosporium, 185; 367 Cytostaganis, 185; 367 Cytostaganospora, 367 Cytotriplospora, 183; 363 Cyttaria,84;286;38 Cyttariaceae,83;286;38 Dacrymycella,220;400 Dacryobolus, 346 Dacryodochium, 221 ; 400 Dacryomitra, 159; 342; 41 Dacryomyces, 159; 342; 41 Dacryomycetaceae, 159; 342 Dacryopsella, 342 Dacryopsis, 342 Dactylaria, 207;390 Dactylella,207;390 Dactylina, 130;322 Dactylium, 207, 390 Dactylomyces, 392 Dactylosporium, 217; 398 Daedalea, 164;347;43 Daldinia,65;262; 11 Daleomyces, 333 Dangeardia, 32; 235 Dangeardiella,90;29I;19 Darbishirella, 106;307 Darluca, 182;363;49 Darlucis, 182;364 Darwiniella, 270 Dasybolus, 141 ; 330 Dasypezis, 136; 326 Dasyphthora, 282 Dasypyrena, 184; 256, 365 Dasyscypha, 136; 326; 33 Dasyscyphae, 136 Dasyscyphella, 137; 326 Dasysphaeria, 275 Dasyspora, 336 Dasysticta, 179; 358 Dasystictella, 179; 358 Davincia, 136; 326 Davinciella, 327 Davisiella, 182;364 Dearnessia, 365 Debaryella, 79;283 Debaryoniyces, 245 Deconica, 168; 350 Delacourea, 74; 276 Delastria, 146;332;38 Delastriopsis, 332 Delitschia,69;268 Delitschiella,69;268 Delortia,223;341,402 Delphinella,296 Delpinoella,278 Delpontia, 310 Dematiaceae, 209; 392; 55- 57 Dematium, 211;393 Dendrocladium, 345 Dendrocyphella, 344 Dendrodochium, 220; 400; 58 Dendrodomus, 177; 358 Dendroecia, 337 Dendrogaster, 173; 355 Dendrographa, 106; 307 Dendrographium, 230; 409 Dendrophoma, 177; 358; 49 Dendrosphaera, 144; 332 Dendrostilbella,227;406 Dendrothele,344 Dendryphiella, 216;397 Dendryphium, 216; 397 Dermatea, 114;312;26 Dermateaceae, 114; 312; 26 Dermatella, 312 Dermatina, 296 Dermatiscum, 126; 319 Dermatocarpae, 87 Dermatocarpum, 88; 289; 18 Dermatodothis,92;292 Dermophyta,231,409 Desmazierella, 139; 2,27; 35 Desmella, 150; 335 Desmidiospora, 218; 399 Desmopatella, 192; 377 Desmotascus, 259 Detonia, 328 Deuteromycetes, 175 Dexteria, 52; 248 Diabole, 149;334 Diachora, 293 Diachorella, 179; 358 Dialhypocrea, 281 Dialonectria, 282 Diaphanium, 405 Diaporthe, 68;264 Diaporthella, 264 Diaporthopsis, 259 Diarthonis, 306 Diathryptum, 252 Diatractium, 278 Diatrype,61;257;9 Diatrypella, 61 : 257 Dibaeis, 126;320 Dibelonis, 134;324 Diblastospermella, 183; 255, 365 Diblepharis. 242 Dicaeoma, 336 Dicarpella,62;259 Dichaena, 103;305;22 Dichaenopsis, 194; 379 Dichaetis, 54; 250 Dichirinia, 149; 334 Dichlaena, 51;247 Dichlamys, 150; 334 Dichomera, 185;367;50 Dichomyces, 43 ; 243 ; 5 Dichoporis, 288 Dichosporium, 71 ; 271 Dichostereum, 344 Dichothrix, 249 Dichotomella, 395 Dichotonium, 246 Dicoccum, 214; 396 Dicollema, 122;317 Dicranidium, 223; 402 Dicranophora, 35; 237 Dictyobole, 169; 353; 46 472 GENERA OF FUNGI Dictyocephalus, 172; 353 Dictyochaeta, 213;393 Dictyochora, 295 Dictyochorella,92;293 Dictyodothis,90;291 Dictyographa, 307 Dictyolus, 348 DictyomoUis, 133; 324 Dictyonella,93;296;20 Dictyonema, 161 ; 344 Dictyonia, 116;313 Dictyopeltineae, 100 Dictyopeltis, 100; 303 Dictyophora, 169; 352; 46 Dictyorinis, 132; 323 Dictyosporium, 217; 398; 56 Dictyothyriella, 304 Dictyothyrina, 100; 303 Dictyothyrium, 100; 303 Dictyuchus,38;240;3 Dicyma,211;393 Didothis,90;291 Didymaria, 206;389 Didymariopsis, 396 Didymascella, 143; 331 Didymascella, 309 Didymascina, 268, 311 Didymascus, 143; 331 Didymella,66;264; 11 Didymellina, 266 Didymellopsis, 66; 265 Didymobotryopsis, 407 Didymobotrys, 228; 407 Didymobotryum, 230; 408 Didymochaete, 182; 364 Didymochlamys, 340 Didymochora, 191 ; 375 Didymocladium, 205 ; 390 Didymocoryne, 313 Didymopsamma, 264 Didymopsis, 206;390 Didymopsora, 152; 335 Didymosphaeria, 68 ; 268 ; 12 Didymosporiella, 365 Didymosporina, 383 Didymosporis, 183; 365 Didymosporium, 198; 383; 52 Didymostilbe, 228;407 Didymothozetia, 401 Didymotricha, 269 Didymotrichum, 389 Diedickea, 190;374 Diedickella, 365 Dielsiella,96;298;21 Dietelia, 148;334 Digraphis, 307 Dilophia,75;277;15 Dilophospora, 186; 367 Dimargaris, 202; 238, 387 Dimeriella, 54;250 Dimeriellopsis, 54; 251 Dimerina, 54; 250 Dimerinopsis, 67; 265 Dimeriopsis, 250 Dimerisma, 85 ; 287 Dimerium, 54; 250 Dimeromyces, 42 ; 243 ; 5 Dimerosporiella, 253, 255 Dimerosporina, 56; 253 Dimerosporiopsis, 269 Dimerosporium, 300 Dimorphomyces, 42; 243 Dinemasporiella, Zll , 378 Dinemasporiopsis, Zll Dinemasporis, 193; 378 Dinemasporium, 192; Zll ; 51 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D oecomyces, 44; 244; 5 oranotropis, 413 orchidium, 151 ; 335 phaeis, 319 phaeostica, 129; 322 phanis, 125; 319 phanosticta, 129; 322 phloeis, 319 plocarpa, 137; 326 plocarpum, 95 ; 298 ploceras, 198;384 plochora, 291,293 plochorella, 90; 291; 19 plocladium,206;390 plococcium, 215 ; 396 plocryptis, 110; 310 plocystis, 354 plodascus, Zl; 239 ploderma, 354 plodia, 183;365;50 plodiella, 183;365 plodina, 182;364;49 plodinis, 182; 364 plodiopsis, 369 plodothiorella, 364 plogramma, 105; 307 ploidium, 392 plomyces, 45 ; 244; 5 plonaevia, 110; 310 ploospora, 206; 390 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D plopeltis, 191; 375 plopeltis, 321 plopeltopsis, 128; 321 plophlyctis, 33; 235 plophysa, 31; 233; 1 ploplacis, 183; 364 ploplacosphaeria, 364 ploplenodomopsis, 364 ploplenodomus, 182; 364 plorhinotrichum,206; 390 ploschistes, 128; 320; 31 plosclerophoma, 364 plosphaerella, 266 plosporis, 259, 293 plosporium, 206; 390 plostephanus, 49; 246 plotheca, 297 plotomma, 132; 323 plozythia, 185;371;50 plozythiella, 195;380 porina, 86; 288 pyrenis, 86; 288 rina, 106; 307; 23 rinae, 106 rinaria, 132; 323 rinastrum, 106; 307 saeta, 384 scella, 193;378;51 scellaceae, 192; 377; 51 scellae, 192 scina, 138; 327; 34 sciseda, 354 scocera, 315 scochora, 293 scocolla, 222; 402 scocyphella, 352 scodiaporthe, 264 scodothis, 91;291 scofusarium, 402 scogloeum, 382 scomycella, 142; 331 scomycopsella, 293, 376 scomycopsis, 293, 369 scosia, 191; 375; 51 scosiella, 190; 375 scosphaerina, 260 scosporella, 197; 382 scosporiella, 382 scosporiopsis, 381 scosporium, 382 scostroma, 275 scostromella, 376 scotheciella, 190; 375 scothecium, 268, Zll INDEX 473 Discozythia, 194; 379 Discula, 382 Disculina, 381,385 Disperma, 259 Dispira,36,202;237,387 Dissophora, 36; 237 Distichomyces, 45 ; 244 Dithelopsis, 86 ; 288 Dithozetia,222;401 Ditiola, 1S9;342 Ditopella,62;259 Ditremis,87;289 Ditylis, 120;316 Doassansia, 156; 339; 40 Doassansiopsis, 156; 339 Doratomyces, 203; 387 Dothichiza, 178;358;51 Dothichloe,82;285 Dothiclypeolum, 295 Dothidasteris,97;298;21 Dothidasteroma, 97; 298 Dothidasteromella, 298 Dothidea, 90;291; 19 Dothideaceae, 89 ; 290 ; 19, 20 Dothideae, 89 Dothideales, 88;290 Dothidella,292 Dothideodiplodia, 365 Dothideopsella,90;291 Dothideovalsa,89;291 Dothidina, 291 Dothidotthia, 269 Dothiopsis, 369 Dothiora, 94, 109; 296, 309; 20,24 Dothiorae, 93 Dothiorellina, 179;358;49 Dothiorina, 187; 371 Dothisphaeropsis, 362 Dothithyriella, 298 Dothophaeis, 91 ; 291 Drepanoconis, 223, 402 Drepanopeziza, 325 Drepanospora, 216; 397 Dubiomyces, 413 Ductifera, 343 Dufourea, 131;322;32 Duplicaria, 309 Duportella, 344 Durandia, 115; 312 Durandiomyces, 330 Durella, 118;314;27 Dussiella, 82; 285 Dyslachnum, 136; 326 Dyslecanis, 128; 320 Dysrhynchis, 56; 253 Dysticta, 129;322 Dystictina, 131; 322 E Earlea, 337 Ecchyna, 341 Eccilia, 166;349 Echidnodella, 100; 301 Echidnodes, 100;301 Echinobotryum, 209 ; 393 ; 55 Echinodontium, 163; 346 Echinodothis, 82;285 Echinophallus, 169; 352 Echinothecium, 66; 265 Echusias, 258 Ectinomyces, 44; 244; 5 Ectosphaeria, 257 Ectosticta, 360 Ectostroma, 232; 41 1 Ectotrichophytum, 410 Ectrogella,31;233 Eichleriella, 342 Eidamella,49;246 Elachopeltis, 190;374 Elaeodema, 385, 392 Elaphomyces, 145; ZiZ; 38 Elaphomycetaceae, 145; 332; 38 Elasmomyces, 353 Elateromyces, 339 Eleutheris, 187;371 Eleutheromycella, 371 Eleutheromyces, 361 Eleutherosphaera, 282 Ellisiella,213;393 Ellisiodothis,299 Elmeria, 347 Elmerina, 164; 347 Elmerococcum, 291 Elsinoae, 92 Elsinoe, 93;296 Emericella, 51; 248 Empusa, 37;239;2 Empusaceae, 37; 239; 2 Enantiothamnus, 412 Enarthromyces, 43; 243 Encephalographa, 105; 307 Enchnoa, 60; 257 Enchnosphaeria, 71 ; 271 Encoelia, 312 Encoeliella, 114;312 Endobasidium, 343 Endoblastoderma, 41 1 Endobotrya, 199;385 Endobotryella, 199;385 Endocalyx, 181,230;362 Endocarpum, 87; 290; 18 Endocena, 131 ; 322 Endocladis, 198;384 Endococcus, 68 ; 268 Endoconidiophora, 259,278 Endoconidium, 220; 400 Endocoryneum, 384 Endocycia, 303 Endodermophytum, 410 Endodesmia, 222; 401 Endodothella, 294 Endodothiora,94;296 Endogloea, 369 Endogonaceae, 36 ; 238 Endogone, 2>7; 238 Endogonella, 238 Endomyces, 47 ; 245 ; 6 Endomycetaceae, 46; 245 Endophragmia, 216; 397 Endophyllachora, 294 Endophylloides, 150; 334 Endophyllum, 150;334 Endoscypha, 136; 2>26 Endospora, 233 Endostigme, 268 Endothia,63,67;265; 12 Endothiella, 180;358 Endoxyla, 60, 61 ; 257 Endoxylina, 70;268 Endyllium,46;245 Englerodothis, 292 Engleromyces, 280 Englerula, 55;252 Englerulaceae, 55; 252 Englerulaster,99;301 Enterodictyum, 107; 308 Enterostigma, 107, 308 Enthallopycnidium, 369 Entodesmium, 277 Entoleuca, 262 Entoloma, 166;349;45 Entomopatella, 195; 379 Entomophthora, 239 Entomosporium, 198; 384; 51 Entonaema, 280 Entopeltis, 95 ; 298 Entophlyctis, 2>2>; 235 Entorhiza, 155; 339 474 GENERA OF FUNGI Entosordaria, 63; 262 Entyloma, 155;339;40 Eocronartium, 341 Eolichen,85;287 Eomycenella, 349 Eosphaeria, 52; 248 Eoterfezia, 146; 332 Ephebae, 122 Ephebe, 122;317;29 Ephebeia, 122; 317 Ephelidium, 194;379 Ephelina, 312 Epheliopsis, 180; 358 Epheliopsis, 257 Ephelis, 194;379 Epibotrys, 276 Epichloe,82;285; 16 Epiclinium, 225 ; 404 Epicoccum, 224; 403 ; 58 Epicorticium, 350 Epicymatia, 264, 272 Epicyta, 362 Epidermidophyton, 410 Epidermophytum, 231; 410 Epidochiopsis, 405 Epidochium, 405 Epigloea,85;287; 18 Epilichen, 118;314 Epinectria, 282 Epipeltis,304, 309 Epiphora, 92; 293 Epiphyma, 63 ; 259 Epipolaeum, 68; 268 Episoma, 53 ; 249 Episphaerella, 266 Epistigme, 181 ; 362 Epithele, 161;344 Epochnium, 214; 396 Eremascus, 46; 245 Eremotheca, 101; 303 Eremothecella, 101 ; 303 Eremothecium, 47; 245 Erikssonia, 64; 262 Erinella, 137;326 Erioderma, 131 ; 323 Eriomene, 213; 393 Eriomenella, 216; 397 Eriomycopsis, 391 Eriopeziza, 135; 326; 33 Eriosphaeria, 265, 354 Eriospora,79, 185;282, 336 Eriosporangium, 336 Eriosporella, 196;382 Eriosporina, 184; 366 Eriothyrium, 190;374 Erostella,258 Erostrotheca, 281 Erysiphaceae, 52; 249; 7 Erysiphe, 52;249;7 Erysiphella, 249 Erysiphopsis, 225 ; 404 Erysiphopsis, 249 Erythrocarpum, 11; 280 Euacanthe, 60;258 Euantennaria, 251 Eubelonis, 135; 326 Eucantharomyces, 43; 243 Euchaetomella, 377 Eucorethromyces, 44; 244 Eucyphelis, 119;316 Eudarluca, 70;271 Eudimeriolum, 255 Euhaplomyces, 43; 243 Eumela, 278 EumoUisiae, 133 Eumonoecomyces, 43; 243 Eupelte, 302 Eupropolella, HI; 310 Eupropolis, 1 1 1 ; 310 Eurotiaceae, 50; 247; 6, 8 Eurotiella, 247 Eurotiopsis, 247 Eurotium, 51;247;8 Euryachora,91;293;20 Eurychasma, 236 Eurytheca, 93 ; 296 Eustictidae, 109 Euthryptum, 331 Eutorula, 412 Eutorulopsis, 412 Eutypa, 61;257;9 Eutypella, 61;257;9 Eutypopsis, 268 Euzodiomyces, 45 ; 245 Everhartia,227;405 Evernia, 131;322;32 Everniopsis, 130; 322 Exarmidium, 92 ; 293 Exascaceae, 143 ; 332 ; 6, 37 Exascus, 144; 332; 37 Excioconis, 215 ; 397 Excipula, 325 Excipulaceae, 192 Excipularia, 193, 194, 22':>; 378, 379, 404 Excipulella, 378 Excipulina, 193;378 Exidia, 158;341;41 Exidiopsis, 158; 342 Exilospora, 76; 277 Exobasidiopsis, 381 Exobasidium, 160; 343; 42 Exogone, 331 Exophoma, 357 Exosporella, 226; 405 Exosporina, 224; 403 Exosporina, 404 Exosporium, 225; 404; 58 Exotrichum, 381, 403 Fabraea, 134;324;33 Fairmania, 248 Fairmaniella, 383 Falcispora, 377 Farlowiella, 103;305 Farriola, 119;316 Farysia, 155;339 Favillea, 354 Favolus, 164;347 Ferns jonia, 159; 342 Fenestella, 74;276; 14 Feracia, 81;284 Ferrarisia, 302 Filoboletus, 164; 347 Fimetaria, 262 Fioriella, 195;380 Fischerula, 333 Fistulina, 164;347;43 Fistulinella, 346 Flageoletia, 259 Flaminia, 109;310 Flammula, 167; 350; 45 Fleischeria, 285 Fleischhakia, 248, 330 Floccomutinus, 352 Fomes, 163;347;43 Fominia, 198;383 Forssellia, 121;317 Fouragea, 106; 307 Fracchiaea, 61 ; 258; 9 Fragosoa, 306 Fragosoella, 380 Fragosphaeria, 51 ; 247 Friesula, 345 Frommea, 152; 337 Fuckelia. 188;372 Fuckelina, 213;393 Fulininaria, 235 Fumago,217;398 Fumagopsis, 226; 405 Fumagospora, 185; 367 INDEX 475 Fusariella, 213; 397; 56 Fusarium, 222;402;58 Fusella. 210;393 Fusicladiella, 396, 398 Fusicladium, 215; 396 Fusicoccum, 179; 358 Fusicolla, 220;400 Fusidium, 201;387;53 Fusisporella,222;4()I Fusoma,207;390 Gaillardiella,69;268 Galactinia, 138; 328; 35 Galera, 167; 350 Gallowaya, 153; 338 Galziiiia, 344 Gambleola, 152; 333 Gamonaemella, 367 Gamospora, 186; 367 Gamosporella, 180; 358 Ganoderma, 347 Gastroboletus, 354 Gautieria, 1 73 ; 355 ; 48 Geaster, 171; 353; 47 Geasteroides, 353 Geasteropsis, 353 Geisleria, 85; 287 Gelatinosporis, 186; 367 Gelatinosporium, 367 Geminispora, 62, 91 ; 259, 293 Genabea, 146; 332 Genea, 145; 332; 38 Geoglossae, 140 Geoglossum, 140; 329; 36 Geolegnia, 38; 240 Geopora, 145; 333 Geopyxis, 138; 328; 34 Geotrichum, 201;387 Gerwasia, 148; 334 Gibbera, 66; 265 Gibberella, 79;282; 16 Gibberidea, 72; 273 Gibellia, 259 Gibellina,69;268 Gibellula, 228;406; 57 Gibsonia, 280 Gilletia, 208 Gilletiella,98;298 Gillotia, 72;273 Giulia, 191; 376 Glaziella, 36;238 Glenospora,212;393;55 Gliobotrys,2()2;387 Gliocephalis, 238 Gliocladium, 202;387 Gliocladochium, 403 Gliomastix, 210; 394 Glischroderma, 356 Globaria, 171;353 Globulina, 285 Gloeocalyx, 314 Gloeocephala, 349 Gloeocystidium, 345 Gloeodes, 190; 374 Gloeoglossum, 140; 329 Gloeopeniophora, 345 Gloeopeziza, 116, 142; 313, 331 Gloeoporus, 163; 347 Gloeosoma, 158, 342 Gloeosphaera, 203; 387 Gloeosporidiella, 382 Gloeosporidina, 382 Gloeosporidium, 382 Gloeosporiella, 198;3S3 Gloeosporina, 382 Gloeosporiopsis, 381 Gloeosporium, 197; 382; 51 Gloeothele, 163;346 Glomerella,63;259; 10 Glomerula, 237 Glomerularia, 201 ; 387; 53 Glomus, 238 Gloniella, 103; 305; 22 Gloniopsis, 104; 305 Glonium, 103; 305; 22 Glossodium, 126; 320 Glutinium, 176; 358 Glycophila, 201;387 Glyphis, 107;308 Glypholecia, 131; 321 Gnomonia, 66 ; 265 ; 1 1 Gnomoniella, 62; 259; 9 Gnomonina, 260 Gnomoniopsis, 271 Godfrinia, 348 Godronia, 115; 312; 26 Godroniella, 378 Godroniopsis, 114; 312 Gomphidius, 168; 350; 45 Gomphillus, 126; 320 Gonapodya, 41 ; 242; 4 Gonatobotrys, 205 ; 387 ; 54 Gonatobotrytae, 205 Gonatobotryum,211 ; 394; 55 Gonatorhodis, 205 ; 387 Gonatorhodum, 210; 394 Gongromeriza, 209; 394 Gongylia,85; 287 Gonisporium, 212; 394 Gonisporiuni, 403 Gonohymenia, 121 ; 317 Gonolecania, 123; 318 Gonothecis, 124; 318 Gonothecium, 133; 324 Gonyella,215;396 Gonytrichum, 214; 394; 56 Goplana, 148;334 Gorgoniceps, 136; 326 Grallomyces. 392 Grammothele, 163; 346 Grandinia, 162; 346 Grandiniella, 346 Granularia, 221 ; 400 Graphidaceae, 104; 306; 23 Graphidae, 105 Graphidium, 203; 387 Graphina, 106; 307 Graphinella, 106;307 Graphiola, 156; 340 Graphiolaceae, 156; 340 Graphiopsis, 229; 408 Graphiothecium, 229; 408 Graphis, 106;307;23 Graphium, 229;408 Graphyllium, 104, 109; 305; 22 Griggsia, 101; 295, 303 Griphosphaerella, 271 Griphosphaeria, 275 Griphosphaerioma, 270;275 Groveola, 335 Grubyella, 410 Gueguenia, 207; 390 Guelichia,219;400 Guepinia, 159; 342; 41 Guignardia, 260 Guignardiella, 261 Guillermondia, 51 ; 248 Giiillermondia, 245 Guttularia, 53;249 Guttularia, 281 Gyalecta, 129;321;31 Gyalectae, 128 Gymnascaceae, 48; 246; 6 Gymnascales, 46; 245 Gymnascus, 49; 246; 6 Gymnoconia, 151 ; 335 Gymnoderma, 126; 320; 30 Gymnodochium, 222; 401 Gymnoglossum, 173; 355 476 GENERA OF FUNGI GymnograpHa_ 105; 306 Gyninomyces, 356 Gymnopeltis, 303 Gymnosporangium, 151, 152; 336; 39 Gymnotelium, 336 Gyrocephalus, 159; 342; 41 Gyroceras,209;394 GyrocoUema, 122; 317 Gyrocratera, 333 Gyrodon, 164;347 Gyromitra, 140;329 Gyrophora, 126;319;31 Gyrophorae, 126 Gyrophragmium, 170; 353; 47 Gyrostomum, 129; 321 ; 31 Gyrostroma, 195;379 H Habrostictis, 110;310 Hadotia,99, 104;301,305 Hadronema, 214; 396 Hadrotrichum, 224; 403 ; 55 Haematomma, 127; 320 Haematomyces, 116, 142; 313,331 Haematomyxa, 116, 143; 313,331 Hainesia, 195;379 Halbania,98;301 Halbaniella,99;301 Halbanina, 300 Halobyssus, 388 Halonia,259 Halstedia, 295 Hamaspora, 336 Hamasporella, 336 Hansenia, 246, 263 Hanseniospora, 246 Hansenula, 48 ; 245 Hapalocystis, 273 Hapalophragmium, 338 Hapalosphaeria, 178; 358 Haplaria, 204;387;53 Haplariella,220;400 Haplariopsis, 206; 390 Haplariopsis, 400 Haplobasidium, 211 ; 394 Haplodothella,259 Haplodothis, 267 Haplographium, 393 Haplolepis, 359 Haplomela, 383 Haplomyces, 43 ; 243 ; 5 Haplopeltineae, 101 Haplopeltis, 101 ; 303 Haplophyse, 310 Haplopyrenula, 87; 289 Haplopyxis, 149; 334 Haploravenelia, 337 Haplosporangium, 36; 237 Haplosporella, 182; 362; 49 Haplosporidium, 357 Haplosporium, 278 Haplostroma, 278 Haplotheciella, 264 Haplothecium, 259 Haplothelium, 335 Haplotrichum, 202; 387; 53 Haplovalsaria, 68; 268 Haraea, 55; 251 Hariotia,94;296 Hariotula, 301 Harknessia, 188;372;49 Harknessiella, 313 Harpagomyces, 399 Harpidium, 127; 320 Harpocephalum, 409 Harpochytrium, 33; 235 Harpographium, 229; 408 Harposporella, 193; 378 Hartiella,407 Hartigiella,388 Harziella, 386 Hassea,85;287 Hebeloma, 167;350 Helicia, 374 Helicobasidium, 341 Helicobasis, 157; 341 Helicocephalum, 210; 394 Helicodendrum, 209; 391 Helicodesmus, 391 Helicogloea, 341 Helicoma,218;399 Helicomyces,209;391;54 Helicopsis, 399 Helicosporangium, 232; 411 Helicosporium, 218; 399; 57 Helicostilbe,228;407 Helicostylum, 238 Helicotrichum,213;394 Helicoum,209;391 Heliomyces, 166; 348 Heliscus,222;402 Helminthocarpum, 106; 307 Helminthophana, 244 Helminthosphaeria, 64; 262 Helminthosporium, 217 ; 397; 56 Helolachnum, 135; 326 Helostroma, 392 Helotiaceae, 134; 325; 33 Helotiae, 135 Helotiopsis, 135; 326 Helotium, 135;326;33 Helvella, 140;329;36 Helvellaceae, 139; 329; 36 Helvellae, 139 Hemidothis, 186;367 Hemigaster, 351 Hemiglossum, 140; 329 Hemileia, 148;334 Hemileiopsis, 334 Hemisphaeriaceae, IQC Hemispora, 212; 394 Hendersonia, 184; 366; 50 Hendersoniella, 184; 366 Hendersonina, 369 Hendersoninula, 366 Hendersoniopsis, 366 Hendersonula, 185; 366 Henningsia, 348 Henningsiella, 143; 331 Henningsina, 65 ; 262 Henningsomyces, 253 Henriquesia, 112; 311 Heppia, 124;318;29 Heppiae, 124 Heptameria, 273 Heptasporium, 392 Hercospora, 265 Hericium, 346 Hermatomyces, 230; 409 Herpobasidium, 341 Herpocladiella, 237 Herpocladium, 36; 237 Herpomyces, 44; 244 Herpothrix, 273 Herpotrichia, 271 Herpotrichiella, 72; 273 Herpotrichiopsis, 360 Heterobasidium, 347 Heterobotrys,209;394 Heterobotrys, 331 Heterocarpum, 88; 290 Heterocephalum, 227; 407 Heteroceras, 199; 384 Heterochaete, 158; 342 Heterochaetella, 342 Heterochlamys, 298 Heterodea, 130; 322 INDEX 477 Heterodothis,289 Heteromyces, 126; 320 Heteronectria, 271 Heteropatella, 193; 377; 51 Heteropera, 260 Heterophracta, 276 Heteroplegma, 328 Heterosphaeria, 1 12 ; 3 1 1 ; 25 Heterosporium, 216; 397 Hetcrotcxtus, 343 Hexagonella, 49; 246 Hexagonia, 164; 347 Heydenia,409 Heydeniopsis, 406 Hiatula, 16S;348 Himantia, 232; 411 Hippoperdum, 354 Hirneola, 157;341;41 Hirneolina, 158;342;41 Hirsutella, 346 Hirundinaria,218;399 Histoplasma, 411 Hobsonia, 223 ; 402 Hoehneliella, 182,230; 364, 408 Hoehnelogaster, 353 Hoehnelomyces, 341 Holcomyces, 365 Holocoenis, 120; 316 Holocyphis, 120;316 Holothelis,86;288 Holstiella,271 Holwaya, 117;313;25 Holwayella, 335 Homopsella,85,123;287,317 Homostegia,92;293; 19 Hormiactella,211;394 Hormiactina, 205; 390 Hormiactis,206;390 Honiiisciopsis, 392 Hormiscium, 209; 394 Horniococcus, 369, 385 Hormodendrum,211 ; 394; 55 Hormomyces, 343 Hormonema, 399 Hormopeltis, 304 Hormosperma, 271 Hormothecium, 122; 317 Hormylium, 385 Hueella, 131;323 Humaria, 138;328;34 Humariella, 329 Humarina, 328 Husseya, 353 Hyalasterina, 304 Hyalinia, 314 Hyaloceras, 384 Hyalocrea,80;283 Hyalocurreya, 275 Hyalodema, 391 Hyaloderma, 252 Hyalodermella, 252 Hyalodictyum, 199;384 Hyalodothis, 285,295 Hyalomeliolina, 251 Hyalopeziza, 2)21 Hyalopsora, 154; 338 Hyalopus, 202;387;53 Hyaloria, 159;342 Hyaloscypha, 327 Hyalosphaera, 252, 284 Hyalotexis, 56; 252 Hyalotheles. 255 Hyalothyris, 185;366 Hydnaceae, 1 60, 1 62 ; 346 ; 43 Hydnangium, 173; 355 Hydnobolites, 146; Zll Hydnochaete, 162; 346; 43 Hydnochaete, 346 Hydnocystis, 145; 333; 38 Hydnodon, 346 Hydnofomes, 346 Hydnotrya, 146; 333; 38 Hydnotryopsis, 145; m Hydnum, 163;346;43 Hydraeomyces, 43; 243 Hydrogera, 237 Hydroncctria, 281 Hydrophilomyces, 45 ; 245 Hydrophora, 237 Hydrothyria, 131; 323 Hygrophorus, 166; 348 Hymenella, 220 ; 400 Hymenobactrum. 224; 403 Hynienoboliis, 309 Hymenochaete, 161 ; 344 Hymenogaster, 1 li ; 355 ; 48 Hymenogastraceae, 172; 355; 48 Hymenogramme, 164; 347 Hymenopsis, 378 Hymenoscypha, 135; 326 ; 33 Hymenula, 221 ; 400 Hyperomyxa, 197; 382 Hyperphyscia, 132; 323 Hyperus, 63; 259 Hypha, 232;411 Hyphaster, 374 Hyphochytriinii, 236 Hyphoderma, 205 ; 387 Hyphodiscus, 133; 324 Hypholoma, 168; 350; 45 Hyphoscypha, 136; 326 Hyphosoma, 216; 397 Hyphostereum, 195; 379 Hypocapnodium, 57; 253 Hypocelis, 68;268 Hypocenia, 369 Hypochnaceae, 160; 343 Hypochnus, 160; 343; 42 Hypocopra, 65; 262; 10 Hypocrea, 78;281; 16 Hypocreaceae, 76; 279; 15, 16 Hypocrella, 82; 285 Hypocreodendrum,286, 373 Hypocreophis, 285 Hypocreopsis, 280, 281 Hypoderma, 103, 108; 305; 22 Hypodermella, 103, 108; 305 Hypodermellina, 305 Hypodermina, 180; 358 Hypodermina, 382 Hypodermium, 197; 382 Hypodermopsis, 104, 108; 306 Hypogloeum, 197; 382 Hypolyssus, 161; 344 Hypomyces, 78; 281 ; 16 Hypomycopsis. 266 Hyponectria, 76; 279 Hypoplegma, 69; 268 Hypoplegma, 250 Hypospila, 70;271 Hypospilina, 66; 265 Hypostegium, 260 Hypostigine, 260 Hypoxylina, 280 Hypoxylopsis, 270 Hypoxylum, 65 ; 262 ; 1 1 Hysterangium, 173; 355; 48 Hysteriaceae, 102; 305; 22 Hysteridiuiii, Zll Hysterium, 104;306;22 Hysteroglonium, 103; 306 Hysterographium, 104; 306; 22 Hysteromyxa, 381 Hystcropatella, 313 Hysteropeltella, 305 Hysteropeziza, 112; 311 478 GENERA OF FUNGI Hysteropezizella, 312 Hysteropsis, 104, 108; 306 Hysteropsis, 306 Hysterostegiella, 311 Hysterostoma, 97 ; 298 Hysterostomella, 97; 298 Hysterostomina, 97; 298 Icmadophila, 127;320;31 Idiomyces, 44; 244 Ijuhya, 286 Ileodictyum, 170;352 Illosporium, 221 ; 400 Indiella, 410 Ingaderia, 106; 308 Inocybe, 167; 350 Inocyclus,96;298;21 Inzengaea, 63; 259 lotidea, 137;328 Irene, 55; 251 Irenina, 55; 251 Irenopsis, 251 Iridionia, 110;310 Irpex, 163; 346 Isaria,228;407;57 Isariella,409 Isariopsis, 230; 409 Ischnostroma, 192; 376 Isipinga, 298 Isoachlya, 239 Isomunkia, 299 Isomyces, 47; 245 Isothea, 278 Isthmospora, 399 Itajahya, 352 Ithyphallus, 352 Jaapia, 344 Jackya, 336 Jaczewskia, 356 Jaczewskiella, 405 Jaffuela, 250 Jahniella, 368 Jainesia, 216; 397 Janospora, 370 Janseella, 310 Jansia, 352 Japonia, 193;378 Jaraia, 240 Jattaea, 258 Jenmania, 121 ; 317; 28 Johansonia, 118; 314 Jola, 157;341 Jonaspis, 128; 321 Julella, 73; 274 K Kabatia, 190; 375; 51 Kabatiella, 381 Kalchbrennera, 170; 352 Kalmusia, 73; 273 Karschia, 118;314;27 Karstenia, 311 Karstenula, 74; 276 Kawakamia, 241 Keissleria, 70, 72;273 Keissleriella, 266 Keisslerina, 94, 1 09 ; 297, 309 Keithia, 108;309;24 Kellermannia, 182, 184; 364; 50 Kerminicola, 411 Khekia,83;286 Kickxel]a,238, 247 Kirschsteinia, 67; 265 Kirschsteiniella, 267 Klastospora, 337 Klebahnia, 335 Kleidiomyces, 243 Kmetia,222;402 Kneiffia, 345 Koerberia, 122; 317 Konenia, 272 Konradia, 82; 285 Koordersiella, 272 Kordyana, 160; 343 Kordyanella, 346 Kretschmaria, 65; 263 Kriegeria, 327, 341, 402 Kriegeriella,99;302 Kuehneola, 149;335 KuUhemia, 295 Kunkelia, 150; 335 Kuntzeomyces, 340 Kupsura, 356 Kusanoa,93;297;20 Kusanobotrys, 253 Kusanoopsis, 296 Laaseoniyces, 248 Laboulbenia, 45; 244; 5 Laboulbeniaceae, 44; 243 Laboulbeniales, 42; 243; 5 Labrella, 189;374 Labridium, 191 ; 376 1 -accocephalum. 347 Lacellina,210;394 Lachnaster, 136; 327 Lachnea, 329 Lachnella, 137; 327; 33 Lachnellula, 136;327;33 Lachnocaulum, 127; 320 Lachnocladium, 162; 345 Lachnodochium, 221 ; 400 Lachnum, 136; 327; 33 Lactaria, 348 Lactariopsis, 349 Lactarius, 165; 348 Laestadia, 260 Laestadiella, 260 Lagena, 241 Lagenidiopsis, 241 Lagenidium, 39; 240; 3 Lageniformia, 257 Lagerheimia, 117; 314 Lagynodella, 187; 371 Lahmia, 119; 314 Lambertella, 135; 327 Lambottiella, 83 ; 286 Lambro, 78;281 Lamia, 239 Lamprospora, 138; 328; 34 Lamyella, 277, 358 Langloisula, 204; 387 Lanomyces, 52; 249 Lanopila, 354 Lanzia, 135; 327 Laquearia, 111 ; 310 Laschia, 163; 347 Lasiella, 271 Lasiobelonis, 137; 327 Lasiobelonium, 327 Lasiobolus, 141;330;37 Lasiobotrys, 54; 250; 8 Lasiodiplodia, 370 Lasionectria, 78; 282 Lasiophoma, 179; 358 Lasiosordaria, 262 Lasiosphaera, 354 Lasiosphaeria, 71 ; 271 ; 12 Lasiosphaeris, 72; 273 Lasiostemma, 54, 67; 250, 265 Lasiostictis, 111 ; 310 Lasiostroma, 180; 358 Lasiothyrium, 377 Lasmenia, 190; 375 Lasmeniella, 182; 362 Latrostium, 236 INDEX 479 Latzelia, 124; 318 Laurera, 88;290 Lauterbachiella, 97; 299 Leandria, v399 Lecanactidae, 124 Lecanactis, 125;319;30 Lecania, 127; 320 Lecaniascus, 412 Lecanidion, 315 Lecaniopsis, 128, 129; 321 Lecanora, 127; 320; 31 Lecanorae, 127 Lecanosticta, 196;380 Lecidea, 125;319;30 Lecideaceae, 1 24 ; 3 1 8 ; 30, 3 1 Lecideae, 125 Lecideopsella, 143; 331 Lecideopsis, 105; 306 Lecidopyrenopsis, 317 Lecioglyphis, 314 Leciographa, 118; 314 Leciophysma, 121 ; 317 Lecithium, 79;283 Lecopyrenopsis, 121 ; 317 Leeina, 370 Leiosepium, 389 Leiosphaerella, 264 Lelujn, 343 Lemalis, 324 Lembosia, 100; 302 Lembosiella, 99; 302 Lembosina, 99; 302 Lembosiodothis, 97; 299 Lembosiopsis, 100; 302 Lemmopsis, 122; 317 Lemonniera, 208; 391 Lempholemma, 122; 317 Lentinus, 166; 349 Lentodiopsis, 349 Lentodium, 349 Lentomita, 66; 265 Lentomitella, 265 Lenzites, 164, 166; 347 Leotia, 140;329;36 Leotiella, 329 Lepidella, 349 Lepidocollema, 131; iZi; 32 Lepidogium, 131 ; 2)22) Lepidoleptogium, 2)22) Lepiota, 165; 349; 44 Lepolichen, 88;290 Lepraria, 231 Leprieurina, 191 ; 375 LeprocoUema, 121; 317; 29 Leptascospora, 55; 252 Lepteutypa, 272 Leptinia, 336 Leptobelonium, 325 Leptochlamys, 186; 368 Leptocoryneum, 384 Leptocrca,280, 311 Leptodermella, 187; 272 Leptodothiora,94;297 Leptodothis,97;299 Leptogidium, 122; 317 Leptogiopsis, 122; 317 Leptogium, 122; 317; 29 Leptoglossum, 329 Leptographium, 21 1 ; 394 Leptolegnia, 38;240;3 Leptomassaria, 64; 263 Leptomelanconium, 383 Leptomeliola, 55; 251 Leptomitae, 38 Leptomitus, 38;240;3 Leptonia, 166; 349 Leptopeltella, 299 Leptopeltina, 301 Leptopeltis,95;299 Leptopeziza, 314 Leptophacidium, 309 Leptophoma, 359 Leptophyma, 93 ; 297 Leptopuccinia, 336 Leptorhaphis, 87;288 Leptosacca, 278 Leptosillia, 278 Leptosphaerella, 274 Leptosphaeria, 72; 273; 13 Leptosphaeropsis, 273 Leptosphaerulina, 74; 276 Leptospora, 271, 277 Leptosporella, 75; 277 Leptosporium, 400 Leptosporopsis, 277 Leptostroma, 189; 374; 51 Leptostromaceae, 189; 373; 51 Leptostromella, 191 ; 376; 51 Leptothyrella, 190; 375 Leptothyrina, 374 Leptothyrium, 189; 374; 51 Leptotrema, 129; 321 Leptotrichum, 222; 401 Leptoxyphium, 179; 358 Letendraea, 79;282; 16 Letharia, 130;322 Lethariopsis, 132; 323 Leucangium, 333 Lcucobolites, 346 Leucoconis, 53; 249 Leucoconius, 346 Leucocrea, 81 ; 284 Leucocytospora, 358 Leucodochium, 221 ; 400 Leucogaster, 173; 355 Leucopaxillus, 348 Leucopezis, 139; 328 Leucophleps, 356 Leucophomopsis, 359 Leucostoma, 258 Leucothyridium, 275 Leveillella, 91 ; 292 Leveillina, 91 ; 292 Leveillinopsis, 91 ; 292 Leveillula, 249 Levieuxia, 370 Libertella, 200;385 Libertiella, 194;379 Libertina, 200;385 Lichenoconium, 181 ; 362 Lichenopeltella, 95; 299 Lichenophoma, 177; 358 Lichenosticta, 177; 358 Lichenyllium, 85, 123; 287 Lichina, 85, 123; 287 Lichinae, 122 Lichinella, 85, 123; 287 Lichinodium, 123; 317 Lichtheimia, 236 Licopolia, 69; 268 Ligniella, 178;359 Ligniera, 222 Lilliputia, 49;246 Limacinia, 57; 254 Limacinia, 275 Limaciniella, 278 Limaciniopsis, 254 Limnaeomyces, 43; 243 Lindauella, 109;310 Lindauomyccs, 409 Lindauopsis, 206; 390 T,indrothia, 336 Linearistroma, 285 Linhartia, 133; 324 Linkiclla, 336 T.inoboliis, 278 Linocarpum, 277 Linochora, 186; 368 Linochorella, 365 Linodochium, 222; 402 480 GENERA OF FUNGI Linospora, 74; IIT; 15 Linostoma, 259 Linostomella, 259 Linostroma, 259 Linotexis, 55; 252 Lipospora, 'hZl Lisea, 78;282 Lisiella, 77; 280 Listeromyces, 404 Lithoecea,86;287 Lithographa, 105; 307 Lithothelium, 290 Litschaueria, 71 ; 273 Lituaria, 223 ; 403 Lizonia, 69; 268 Lizoniella, 295 Lloydiella, 344 Lobaria, 129;322;31 Lobarina, 131; 322 Locellina, 167; 350 Loculistroma, 80 ; 284 Lo jkania, 69 ; 268 Lonchospermella, 183; 364 Longia, ZZl Longoa, 257 Lopadiopsis, 123; 318 Lopadium, 125; 319; 30 Lopadostoma, 261 Lopharia, 162; 346; 43 Lophidiopsis, 83; 286 Lopliidium, 286 Lophiella, 83;286 Lophionema, 83 ; 286; 17 Lophiosphaera, 83; 286; 17 Lophiostoma, 83; 286; 17 Lophiostomaceae,82;286; 17 Lophiotrema, 83; 286; 17 Lophiotricha, 83 ; 286 Lophium, 104; 306; 22 Lophodermella, 306 I.ophodermellina, 306 T,ophoderniina, 306 Lophodermium, 104, 109; 306; 22 Lophodermopsis, 192; ill Lophophytum, 410 Loramyces, 78; 282 Loranthomyces, 58, 67; 256, 265; 8 Ludwigiella, 360 Lulworthia, 70, 75; 271, 277 Lycogalopsis, 172; i~i}> Lycoperdaceae, 170; 352; 47 Lycoperdales, 168; 351 Lycoperdellon, 355 Lycoperdopsis, 355 Lycoperdum, 171 ; 353 ; 47 Lyonella, 258 Lysospora, 336 Lysurus, 170; 352; 46 M Macalpinia, 335 Macbridella,79;282 Macowaniella, 97 ; 299 Macowanites, 170; 353; 48 Macrobasis, 273 Macrochytrium, 236 Macroderma, 310 Macrodiaporthe, 265 Macrodiplis, 184; 366 Macrodiplodia, 183; 365 Macrodiplodiopsis, 366 Macrophoma, 363 Macrophomella, 359 Macrophomina, 359 Macrophomopsis, 359 Macroplodiella, 359 Macropodia, 138, 139; 328; 34 Macroseptoria, 368 Macrospora, 275 Macrosporium, 218; 398; 56 Macrostilbum, 228;407 Madurella,410 Magnusia, 51 ; 248; 6 Magnusiella, 332 Magnusiomyces, 245 Maireella,269 Malacodermis, 358 Malacosphaeria, 266, 269 Malassezia, 231 ; 410 Malbranchea, 201 ; 387 Malmeomyces, 283 Mamiana, 62; 259 Mamianella, 259 Manginia, 370 Manginula, 190; 375 Manilaea, 324, 325 Mapea, 224; 403 Marasniiopsis, 351 Marasmius, 166; 349; 44 Maravalia, 149; 335 Marchalia,98;299 Marchaliella,248 Marcosia, 225; 404 Maronea, 128; 321 Marsonia, 198;383 Marsoniella, 383 Marsonina, 383 Martellia, 173; 355 Martensella, 204; 238, 388 Martindalia,288;407. Martinella, 188; 372 Massalongia, 131 ; 2)22) Massalongiella, 60; 258 Massalongina, 189; 374 Massaria, 71; 273; 13 Massariella, 269 Massariellops, 268 Massarina, 70; 271 Massarinula, 66; 265 Massariopsis, 267 Massariovalsa, 69; 268 Masseea, 136; 327 Masseella, 148;335 Massospora, 2)1; 239 Mastigocladium, 286, 389 Mastigonema, 196; 382 Mastigonetrum, 188; 372 Mastigosporella, 187; 371 Mastigosporium, 207; 390 Mastodia,88;290 Mastomyces, 184; 365 Matruchotia, 346 Mattirolia,81,284 Matula, 187;371 Maublancia, 301 Mauginiella, 392 Maurodothella, 302 Maurodothis,298 Maurya, 76; 277 Maxillospora, 391 Mazos-a, 107;308 Mazzantia, 63; 259 Alazzantiella, 358 Medeolaria, 142; 331 Medusomyces, 412 Medusulina, 308 Megalonectria, 80; 284 Megalopsora, 130; 322 Megaloseptoria, 368 Megalospora, 125, 130; 276,319 Melachroia, 138;328 Melampsora, 154; 338; 39 Melampsoraceae, 153; 338 Melampsorella, 153; 338 Melampsoridium, 153; 338 Melampsoropsis, 338 Melampydium, 124; 319 Melanconiaceae, 196; 381 ; 51,52 INDEX 481 Melanconiales, 196; 381 Melanconiella, 70; 268 Melanconiopsis, 181 ; 362 Melanconis, 67; 265 Melanconium, 197; 383; 52 Melanidium, 67; 266 Melanobasidium, 403 Melanobasis, 224; 403 Melanobotrys, 270 Melanochlamys, 96; 299; 21 Melanodiscus, 224; 403 Melanogaster, 173; 355 Melanographium, 230; 408 Melanomma, 72; 274; 13 Melanomyces, 255, 267 Melanoplaca,98;299 Melanops, 258 Melanopsamma, 67; 266; 11 Melanopsammella, 265 Melanopsammina, 266 Melanopsammopsis, 266, 292 Melanopsichium, 155; 339 Melanosphaeria, 363 Melanospora, 11; 280; 15 Alelanosporopsis, 280 Melanostroma, 385 Melanotaenium, 155; 339 Melanotheca,88;290 Melasmia, 190;374;51 Melaspilea, 106, 118; 307,314 Melastiza, 329 Melchiora, 67; 266 Meliola, 55; 251 ; 8 Meliolaster, 99;302 Meliolidium, 53;249 Meliolina, 55; 251 Meliolinopsis, 250, 251 Melioliphila, 283 Meliolopsis, 255 Melittosporiella, 310 Melittosporiopsis, 324 Melittosporis, 324 Melittosporium, 111 ; 310 Melogramma, li\ 274; 13 Melomastia, 70; 271 Melophia, 191;376 Memnoniella, 394 Mendogia,96;299 Menezesia, 239 Menispora, 214; 394 Menoidea, 221;400 Merarthonis, 105; 306 Meria,204;388 Meringosphaeria, 277 Merismatium, 74; 276 Merismella, 190;374 Merodontis, 136; 121 Merophora, 318 Meroplacis, 132; 323 Merorinis, 132; 323 Merostictina, 131 ; 122 Merostictis, 110;310 Merrilliopeltis, 271 Merulius, 163;347;44 Mesniera, 64; 263 Mesobotrys, 213; 394; 55 Mesonella, 260 Mesophellia, 145; 332 Mesopsora, 153; 338 Metabotryum, 363 Metacapnodium, 254 Metachora, 294 Metacoleroa, 68; 268 Metadothella,79;282 Metameris, 90;292 Metanectria, 78; 282 Metasphaeria, 70; 271 ; 12 Metathyriella, 101 ; 303 Methysterostomella, 376 Metraria, 166; 349 Michenera, 195;380 Micranthomyces, 47; 245 Micrascus, 5 1 . 64 ; 248, 263 ; 6 Microbasidium, 403 Microcallis, 253 Microcera, 402 • Microclava, 212; 394 Microcyclella,91;292 Microcyclus,91;292;20 Microdiplodia, 365 Microdiscula, 187, 195; 371, 379 Microdiscus, 143; 331 Microdochium, 221 ; 400 Microdothella,97;299 Microglaena, 85 ; 287 Microgloeum, 382 Microglossum, 140; 329 Micrographa, 106; 307 Micromastia, 255 Micromyces, 236 Micromycopsis, 236 Micromyriangium, 296 Micronectria, 81 ; 285 Micronectriella, 79;283 Micronectriopsis, 81 ; 285 Micronegeria, 153; 338 Micropeltaceae, 100; 303 ; 21 Micropeltella, 101;303 Micropeltis, 101;304; 17 Micropeltopsis, 98; 302 Micropera, 186; 368 Microperella, 184; 365 Microphiale, 129;321 Microphiodothis, 295 Micropodia, 326 Micropsalliota, 350 Micropuccinia, 336 Micropyrenula, 87; 289 Microscypha, 326 Microspatha, 227; 407 Microsphaera, 53; 249; 7 Microsphaeropsis, 362 Microsporella, 362 Microsporum, 231 ; 410 Microstelium, 81 ; 285 Microsticta, 310 Microstroma, 160, 197; 343; 53 Microthecium, 181 ; 286, 343 Microthelia,87;288 Microtheliopsis,87;289 Microthyriaceae, 98; 300; 17,21 Microthyriales, 94; 298 Microthyrieae, 98 Microthyriella, 101 ; 304 Microthyriolum, 302 Microthyris,98;302 Microthyrites, 304 Microthyrium, 98;302;17 Microtyle, 263 Microtypha,212;394 Microxyphium, 370 Microxyphiella, 183; 364 Micula, 368 Midotiopsis, 114; 312 Midotis, 114;312 Milesia, 154; 338 Milesina, 338 Milowia. 207;390 Mindemella,39;240 Minksia, 107;308 Mitochytridium, 236 Mitochytrium, 241 Mitopeitis, 101;304 Mitosporium, 82; 285 Mitromyces, 171; 353; 47 Mitrula, 140;329;36 Mitruliopsis, 330 Miyabella, 234 482 GENERA OF FUNGI Miyagia, 151; 336 Miyakeaniyces, 283 Miyoshia, 259 Miyoshiella, 63;259 Moelleriella, 77; 280 Moelleroclavus, 263 Moellerodiscus, 326 Moeszia,207;390 Moesziella, 101; 304 Mohortia, 341 Molleriella, 143;331 Molliardia, 233 Mollisia, 133;324;33 MoUisiaceae, 133; 324; 33 Mollisiella, 133;324 MoUisiopsis, 133; 324 Monacrosporium, 208; 390 Monascaceae, 48; 246 Monascostroma, 93; 297 Monascus, 48; 246 Monilia,201;388;53 Moniliaceae,201 ; 386; 53,54 Moniliales, 200;386 Moniliopsis, 388 Monilochaetes, 393 Monoblastia, 87;288 Monoblepharidaceae, 41 ; 242 Monoblephariopsis, 242 Monoblepharis, 41 ; 242; 4 Monochaetia, 199; 384 Monoecomyces, 43; 243; 5 Monogrammia, 391 Monographella, 271 Monographus, 295 Monopodium, 204; 388 Monopus, 67; 266 Monopycnis, 370 Monorhiza, 97;299 Monorhizina, 97; 299 Monospora, 245 Monosporella, 47; 245 Monosporidium, 334 Monosporiella, 388 Monosporium, 204; 388; 54 Monostichella, 382 Monotospora, 212; 394 Monotrichum, 198; 383 Montagnellina, 62; 259 Montagnina, 68; 266 Montagnites, 168; 350 Montagnula, 74; 276 Montemartinia, 67; 266 Montoyella,231;410 Morchella, 139;329;36 Morenella, 100;302 Morenina,99;302 Morinia, 199;385 Moriola, 85 ; 287 Moriolae, 85 Mortierella, 35; 237; 2 Mortierellae, 35 Moschomyces, 44; 244 Moutoniella, 111;310 Muchmoria, 214; 396 Muciporus, 348 Mucor,35;237;2 Mucoraceae, 34; 236; 2 Mucorae, 35 Mucronella, 162; 346 Mucronoporus, 347 Mucrosporium, 207; 390 Muellerella,64;263 Muiaria, 399 Muiogone, 399 Multipatina,411 Munkia, 195;379 Munkiella,96;299 Munkiodothis, 294 Murashkinskija, 304 Mutinus, 169; 352; 46 Mycaureola, 76; 280 Myceliophthora, 201 ; 388 Myceloderma, 399 Mycelophagus, 24! Mycena, 166; 349 Mycenastrum, 172; 353 Mycobacidia, 119;314;27 Mycobacillaria, 399 Mycobilimbia, 118; 315 Mycoblastus, 125;319 Mycocalicium, 119; 316 Mycocitrus, 281 Mycocladus, 236 Mycodendrum, 348 Mycoderma, 412 Mycogala, 51;247;8 Mycogone,206;390;54 Mycolangloisia, 256 Mycolecidea, 118; 315 Mycolecis, 315 Mycomalus, 82; 285 Mycophaga, 54; 251 Mycopharus, 352 Mycoporaceae, 94; 296; 23 Mycoporellum, 94; 296 Mycoporis, 94; 296 Mycoporum, 94; 296; 23 Mycopyrcmila, 273 Mycorhynchella, ill Mycorhynchus, 189; Hi Mycosphaerella, 66; 266; 1 MycosphaercUopsis, 267 Mycosticta, 177;359 Mycosyrinx, 155; 339 j\Iycotorula, 412 Mycovellosiella, 409 Myelosperma, 62; 260 Myiocoprella,98;302 Myiocoprum, 98; 302 Mylittopsis, 341 Myriadoporus, 348 Myriangella, 297 Myriangiaceae, 92; 296; 20 Myriangiae, 93 Myriangina,93;297;23 Myrianginella, 297 Myriangiopsis, 296 Myriangium, 93 ; 297 ; 20 Myridium, 116; 314 Myriellina, 195; 380 Myrillium,49; 247 Myrioblepharis, 242 Myriococcum, 248 Myrioconium, 177; 359 Myrioconiuni, 401 Myriogenis, 92; 293 Myriogenospora, 293 Myriolecis, 127; 320 Myriophysa, 405 Myriophysella, 226; 404 Myriopyxis, 370 Alyriostigina, 300 Myrmaeciella, 67; 266 Myrmaecium, 270 Myrmecocystis, ii2 Myrotheciella,223;403 Myrothecium, 223; 403 Mystrosporium, 398 Mytilidium, 104;3()6;22 Myxasterina, 300 Myxocyclus, 185; 367 Myxodictyum, 128; 320 Myxodiscus, 374 Myxofusicoccum, 370 Myxolibertella, 339 Alyxomycidium, 343 Myxomyriangis, 93; 297; 20 Myxomyriangium, 297 Myxonema, 400 Myxophacidiella, 309 Myxophacidiuni, 309 INDEX 4X3 Myxormia, 193; 378 Myxosporella, 197; 382 Myxosporina, 382 Myxosporium, 197; 382 Myxotheca, 297 Myxothecium, 251 Myxothyrium, 189; 374 Myxotrichella, 213; 394 Myxotrichum, 49 ; 247 ; 6 Myzocytium, 39;240;3 N Nadsonia, 47; 245 Naegelia, 240 Naeg-eliella, 240 Naemacyclus, 111; 310 Naematelia, 342 Naemosphaera, 180; 362 Nacmosphaerella, 362 Naemospora, 197; 382; 52 Naetrocymbe, 57, 74 ; 254, 276 Naevia, 110; 310 Naeviella, 110; 311 Napicladium, 396, 397 Napomyces, 145; 333 Naucoria, 167; 350; 45 Naumovia, 75; 277 Necator, 221 ; 400 Necium,338 Nectaromyccs, 412 Nectria, 78;282; 16 Nectriella, 76;280 Nectriella,281 Nectrioidaceae, 186 Nectriopsis, 281 Negeriella 231; 409 Nemastroma, 368 Nematogonium, 205; 388 Nematospora, 47; 246 Nematosporangium, 242 Nematostigma, 71 ; 271 Neinatostoma, 273 Nematothecium, 57; 255 Nemozythiella, 373 Neoarcangelia, 258 Neobarclaya, 198;383 Neobulgaria, 314 Neocosmospora, 77; 280 Neofabraea, 134; 324 Neohendersonia, 366 Neohenningsia, 282 Neoheppia, 318 Neohoehnelia, 56; 253 Neokeissleria, 67; 266 Neolamya, 7S; 279 Neolecta, 140;329 Neoniichclia, 390 Neoncctria, 282 Neopatella, 192; 377 Neopeckia, 69; 269 Neophoma, 177; 359 Neoplacosphaeria, 371 Neoravenelia, 337 Neorehmia, 265 Neosaccardia, 356 Neoskofitzia, 282 Neosphaeropsis, 363 Neostomella, 305 Neotrichophytum, 410 Neotrotteria, 60;258 Neottiella, 139; 328 Neottiopezis, 328 Neottiospora, 177; 359; 49 Neottiosporella, 400 Neottiosporis, 400 Neovcnturia, 273 Neovossia, 156; 340 Neozimmermannia, 258 Nephlyctis, 336 Nephroma, 124; 318 Nephromium, 124; 318 Nephromopsis, 130; 322 Nephrospora, 63; 260 Ncpotatiis, 355 Nesolechia,117,142;315,331 Nidula, 174;356;48 Nidularia, 173; 356; 48 Nidulariaceae, 173; 356; 48 Nielsenia, 335 Niesslella, 302 Niesslia, 264 Nigropogon, 356 Nigrosphaeria, 281 Nigrospora„393 Niorma, 132; 323 Niptera, 133;324;33 Nitschkea. 61;258;9 Nodulisphaeria, 273 Nolanea, 166;349 Nomuraea, 203; 388 Normandina, 88;290 Norrlinia, 73; 274 Nostotheca, 331 Notarisiella, 76;280; 15 Nothodiscus, 310 Nothoravenelia, 153; 337 Nothospora, 413 Nothostroma, 94;296 Nowakowskia, 33; 23?^ Nowakowskiella, 34; 235 Nowellia, 91 ; 292 Nozcniia, 241 Nummularia, 65; 263; 11 Nyctalis, 165;349 Nylanderiella, 88;290 Nynianomyces, 309 Nyssopsora, 337 Nyssopsorella, 338 Obelidium, 32; 235; 1 Ocellaria, 110; 311 Ocellularia, 128;321 Ochrolechia, 127;320 Ochropsora, 148; 335 Octaviana, 173; 355 Odontia, 162; 346; 43 (Jdontoschi/uin, 315 Odontotrema, 1 12; 31 1 ; 25 Odontotrcinella, 31 1 Odontura, 112; 311 Oedemium, 212; 394 Oedocephalum, 202; 388 Oedomyces, 234 Ohleria, 72;274 Ohleriella,274 Oidiopsis,201;388 Oidium,201;388;53 Oleina, 47; 245 Oleinis, 46; 245 Oligostroina, 293 Olivea, 148; 335 Ollula, 195;380 Olpidiaceae, 30; 233 Olpidiae, 31 Olpidiaster, 234 Olp'diopsis, 31 ; 233, 234 Olpidium, 31;234; 1 Olpitrichum,205; 388 Ombrophila, 116;314;26 Omphalia, 165; 349 Omphalospora, 293 Oncopodium, 217; 398 Oncospora, 193; 379 Ontotelium, 335 Onygena, 144; 332; 6 Onygenaceae, 144; 332 Oomyces, 81 ; 285 Oospora, 201 ; 388 Oosporidca, 387 Oothecium, 181;362 Oothecium, 375 484 GENERA OF FUNGI Opeasterina, 300 Opeasterinella, 301 Opegrapha, 106; 307; 23 Opethyrium, 305 Ophiobolus, 75;277; 15 Ophiocapnis, 57; 255 Ophiocapnodium, 255 Ophiocarpella, 75; 277 Ophioceras, 74; 211 Ophiochaeta, 75; 277 Ophiocladium, 201 ; 388 Ophiodictyum, IZ, 80; 274, 284 Ophiodothella, 92; 293 Ophiodothis, 285 Ophiogloea, 117; 314 Ophiognomonia, 277 Ophiomassaria, 75; 278 Ophiomeliola, 55; 252 Ophionectria, 81 ; 285 ; 16 Ophiopeltis, 304 Ophiosphaerella, 75; 278 Ophiosphaeria, 278 Ophiostoma, 259 Ophiostomella, 262 Ophiotexis, 252 Ophiotrichum,217;397 Oplothecium, 56; 253 Oraniella, 271 Orbicula, 255 Orbilia, 116;314 Orbiliopsis, 314 Orcadia, 79;283 Ordonia, 343 Orinathoidium, 397 Orphniospora, 125; 319 Oropogon, 131; 322 Orthoscypha, 117;314 Oscarbrefeldia, 239 Ostenfeldiella, 233 Ostreionella, 305 Ostreium, 306 Ostropa, 104, 111;311;25 Ostropae, 111 Oswaldia, 281 Oswaldina, 367 Otidea, 138; 328; 34 Otidella, 328 Otthia,69;269;12 Otthiella, 66;266 Oudemansiella, 251 Ovularia, 205 ; 388 Oxydothis,270 Ozonium, 232; 411 Pachybasidiella, 381 Pachybasium, 203; 388 Pachydiscula, 373 Pachypatella, 118; 315 Pachyphiale, 129;321 Pachyphloeus, 146; m Pachyrhytisma, 309 Pachyspora,69;269 Pachytrichum, 210; 394 Pactilia, 405 Paecilomyces, 388 Paepalopsis, 201 ; 388 Paidania, 61 ; 260 Palawania, 98;299 Palawaniella, 299 Pampolysporium, 53; 250 Panaeolus, 168; 350 Pannaria, 131; 323; 32 Pannariae, 131 Panus, 166;349 Papularia,224;403 Papulospora, 232; 411 Parabotryum, 91 ; 292 Paracapnodium, 57; 254 Paracesatiella, 279 Paracudonia, 330 Paracytospora, 370 Paradidymella, 264 Paradiplodia, 183;365 Paralaestadia, 62; 260 Paramazzantia, 260 Paranectria, 79;283 Paranthostomella, 64; 263 Parapeltella, 303 Parasclerophoma, 358 Parasitella, 237 Parasphaeria, 265; 271 Paraspora, 207;390 Parasterina, 99;302 Parastigmatea, 95; 299 Parathalle, 119;315 Paratheliae, 87 Parathelium, 87;289 Parendomyces, 412 Parenglerula, 55 ; 252 Parmelia, 130; 322; 32 Parmeliaceae, 127; 320; 31, 32 Parmeliae, 129 Parmeliella, 131; 323 Parmeliopsis, 130; 322 Parmentaria,88;290 Parmularia, 300 Parmulariella, 96;299 Parmulina, 96;299 Parmulineae, 96 Parodiella, 54, 69 ; 250, 269 ; 8 Parodiellina, 279 Parodiopsis, 54; 250 Paropsis, 54; 251 Paryphedria, 116; 314 Passalora, 396 Passeriniella, 273 Passerinula, 79;283 Patellaria, 118;315;27 Patellariaceae, 117; 314; 27 Patellea, 118;315;27 Patellina, 195;380 Patellinae, 194 Patellonectria, 81 ; 284 Patinella, 117;315;27 Patouillardia, 400 Patouillardiella, 222; 401 Patouillardina, 1 58 ; 305, 341 Pauahia, 91;292 Paulia, 121;317 Paurocotylis, 355 Paxillus, 167;350 Paxina, 327 Pazschkea, 133; 325 Pazschkella, 183;364 Peccania, 121; 317 Peckia, 177;359 Peckiella, 77; 280 Pedilospora, 208;391 Pellicularia, 205;388 Pellionella, 183;365 Pelodiscus, 139;328 Peloronectria, 80;284 Peltaster, 190; 374 Peltella,98;302 Peltidea, 124;318 Peltidium, 330 Peltigera, 124;318;29 Peltigeraceae, 123; 318; 29 Peltigerae, 124 Peltigeromyces, 329 Peltistroma, 295 Peltosoma, 191;376 Peltosphaeria, 1i; 275; 14 Peltostroma, 190; 375 Peltostromella, 191; 375 Pemphidium, 260 Penicilliopsis, 49; 247 Penicillium, 202 ; 247, 388 ; 53 Peniophora, 161 ; 345 INDEX 485 Peniophorina, 345 Penomyces, 399 Pentagenella, 107; 308 Penzigia, 262,279 Perforaria, 128;321 Periaster, 66; 266 Peribotryuin, 409 Perichlamys, 156; 340 Pericladium, 338 Pericoccis,80;283 Periconia, 211;294 Periconiella, 211;394 Pericystis,239, 392 Peridermium, 150; 335 Peridoxylum, 65, 78; 280 Periola, 223; 403; 58 Periolopsis, 219;401 Perischizum, 90;292 Perisporiaceae, 53; 249; 8 Perisporiales, 49; 247 I'erisporiella, 256 Perisporina, 251 Perisporiopsis, 55; 251 I'erisporiopsis, 251 Perisporium, 55 ; 251 ; 8 Peristemma, 336 Peristomium, 262 Perizomatium, 312 Perizomella, 370 Peroneutypa, 257 Peroneutypella, 257 Peronoplasmopara, 241 Peronospora, 40; 241 ; 4 Peronosporaceae, 39; 241 ; 4 Peronosporae, 40 Perrotia, 2)21 Perrotiella, 324 Persooniella, 336 Pertusaria, 128;321;31 Pertusariae, 128 Pestalozzia. 199; 384; 52 Pestalozziella, 196; 382; 51 Pestalozzina, 198; 384 Petasodes, 191;376 Petelotia, 258 Petractis, 122;317 Petrakia,226;404 Petrakiella, 71 ; 272 Peyritschiella, 43 ; 243 Peyritschiellaceae, 42; 243 Peyronelia, 216; 397 Peziotrichum, 213; 394 Peziza, 138;328;35 Pezizaceae, 1 37 ; 327 ; 34, 35 Pezizae, 137 Pezizales, 112; 312 Pezizella, 135;327 Pezizellaster, 135; Z21 Pezolepis, 114; 312 Pezoloma, 135; 327 Pezomela, 312 Phacenula,392 Phacidiaceae, 107 ; 308 ; 22, 24 Phacidiales, 102;305 Phacidiella, 309 Phacidina, 309 Phacidiostroma, 309 Phacidium, 107;309;24 Phacopsis, 105; 306 Phacopsora, 154; 338 Phaeangella, 115;312 Phaeangium, 114, 146; 312, Hi Phaeapiospora, 268 Phaeaspis. 100; 304 Phaeharziella, 399 Phaeidium, 51;248 Phaeisaria, 408 Phaeisariopsis, 409 Phaeobotryosphaeria, 261 Phaeobotryum, 261 Phaeocapnodinula, 253 Phaeochora,91;293;20 Phaeochorella, 294 Phaeociboria, 135; ill I'haeoclavulina, 345 Phaeoconis, 393 Phaeocreopsis, 79;283 Phaeocryptopus, 256 Phaeocyphella, 344 Phaeocytostroma, 182; 362 Phaeoderris, 112; 312 Phaeodiaporthe, 270 Phaeodimeriella, 251 Phaeodimeris, 54; 251 Phaeodiscula, 193;378 Phaeodomus, 181 ; 362 Phaeodothiopsis, 293 Phaeodothis, 91 ; 293 Phaeofabraea, 134; 325 Phaeoglossum, 140; 329 Phaeographina, 106; 307 Phaeographis, 106; 307 Phacoliygrocybe, 351 Phaeolabrella, 190;375 Phaeolimacium, 351 Phaeomacropus, 139; 328 Phaeomarasniius, 350 Phaeomarsonia, 198; 383 Phaeomarssonia, 383 Phaeomeris,85;287 I'haeoiiionostichella, 382 Phaeopeltis, 57, 73; 254, 275 Phaeopeltis, 304 Phaeopeltium, 73; 276 I 'haeopeltosphaeria, 276 Phaeopezia, 138;328 Phaeophacidium, 108; 309 Phaeophleospora, 186; 368 Phaeophomatospora, 261 Phaeophomopsis, 359, 361 Phaeopolynema, 378 Phaeopterula, 345 Phaeoradulum, 346 Phaeorhytisma, 309, 325 Phaeosaccardinula, 254, 275 Phaeoschiffnerula, 252 Phaeoscutella, 305 Phaeoseptoria, 186; 368 Phaeosperma, 270 Phaeosphaerella, 68; 269 Phaeosphaeria, 12; 27 A Phaeospora, 72; 274 Phaeosporis, 86; 287 Phaeostigme, 54; 251 Phaeostigme, 251 Phaeostilbella, 408 Phaeothrombis, 85; 287 Phaeotrabutiella, 293 Phaeotrema, 128;321 Phaeotremella, 159; 342 Phaeotrype, 61 ; 258 Phallaceae, 169;351;46 Phallobata, 356 Phallogaster, 173;355 Phallus, 169; 352; 46 Phalodictyum, 125; 319 Phalostauris, 288 Phalothrix, 136; 327 Phanerascus, ti2\ 248 Phanerococcus, 71 ; 272 Phanerocorynelia, 397 Phanerocorynenm, 384 Phaneroniyces, 311 Phanosticta, 129; 322 Phanotylium, 129;321 Pharcidia, 67; 266 Pharcidiella, 272 Pharcidiopsis, 70; 272 Phellorina, 172;353 Phellostroma, 180;359 Phialea, 135;327 486 GENERA OF FUNGI Phialophoi-a, 211;394 IMiillipsia, 329 PhiUipsiella, 142;331 Philocopra, 64; 263 Philonectria, 72; 274 Phlebia, 162;346 l'hlebophora,351 Phleboscyphus, 327 Phlegmophiale, 123;318 I'hleogena, 341 Phleospora, 186;368 Phloeoconis, 232; 41 1 Phloeopeccania, 121 ; 317 riilocophthora, 241 i'hlocosporella, 385 I'hlocosporina, 385 Phlyctaena, 194;379;50 Phlyctaeniella, 188; i72> Phlyctella, 128;320 Phlyctidia, 128;321 Phlyctidium, 33; 235 Phlyctis, 128; 321 Phlyctochytrium, 32; 235; 1 riioenicostronia, 295 Pholiota, 167;350 I'holiotella, 350 Phoma, 177;359;49 Phomaceae, 176; 357; 49, 50 Phomachora, 176, 180; 359 Phomales, 175; 357 Phomatospora, 62; 260 Phomatosporopsis, 267 Phomopsina, 359 Phomopsis, 178;359;49 Phomyces, 179;359 Phorcys, 68;269 Phragmidiella, 334 Phragmidium, 152; 337; 39 I'hragmocalosphaeria, 270 Phragmocapnias, 57; 254 Phragmocarpella, 92; 293 Phraginocauma, 294 Phragmodochium, 402 Phragmodothella, 90; 292 Phragmodothidea, 292 Phragmodothis,90;292 Phragmonaevia, 110; 311 Phragmopeltis, 191 ; 376 Phragmopyxine, 132; 323 Phragmopyxis, 152; 337 Phragmoscutella, 100; 302 Phragmosperma, 70; 272 Phragniotelium, 337 Phragmothele, 86;287 Phragmothyriella, 101; 304 Phragmothyrium, 98; 302 Phragmotrichum, 199; 385; 52 Phthora, 279 Phycascus, 328 Phycodiscis, 131; 322 Phycomyces, 35; 237; 2 Phycomycetes, 30 J'hycopsis, 331 Phyllachora,91;293; 19 Phyllachorae, 91 ; 292 Phyllachorella,91;294 Phyllactinia,53;249;7 Phylliscidium, 121;317 Phylliscum, 121;317;28 Phyllobathelium, 87; 289 Phylloblastia, 87;289 Phyllobrassia, 129;321 Phyllocarbon, 392 Phyllocelis,80;283 Phyllocelis,270 Phyllocrea,281 Phylloedia, 370 Phyllomyces, 413 Phyllonochaeta, 370 Phyllophthalmaria;128; 321 Phylloporina, 87;289 Phylloporis, 87;289 Phylloporthe,265 Phylloporus, 164;347 Phyllopsora, 126;319 Phyllopsorae, 126 Phyllosticta, 177;359;49 Phyllostictina, 178;359 Phyllotremella, 343 Phymatodiscus, 297 Phymatosphaeria, 297 Phymatotrichum, 204; 388 Physalacria, 162;345;42 Physalospora, 62; 260; 9 Physalosporella, 62; 260 Physalosporina, 260, 280 Physcia, 132;323;32 Physciaceae, 132; 323; 32 Physcidia, 130;322 Physma, 122; 317 Physmatomyces, 115; 314 Physoderma, 34; 235; 1 Physopella, 334 Physospora,204;389 Physosporella, 260 Phytophthora,40;241;4 Pichia, 48 ; 246 Picoa, 146; 333 Piersonia, 146; m Piggotia, 189, 190)374,375 Pila,353 Pilacre, 158;341 Pilacrella, 158;341 Pilaira, 35; 237 Pileolaria, 149;335 Pilgeriella,63;260 Pilidiel]a,359 Pilidium, 194; 379 Piline,54;251 Pilobolae, 35 Pilobolus, 35;237;2 Pilocratera, 328 Pilophorum, 126; 320; 30 Pilosace, 167;350 Pilula, 250 Piniina,213;394 Pinoyella,231;410 Pionnotes, 402 Piptocephalis, 36; 237; 2 Piptostoma, 305 Piptostomum, 363 Pirella,35;237 Piricauda, 385 Piricularia, 208;390 Piringa, 185;367 Pirobasidium, 227; 407 Pirogaster, 355 Pirostoma, 190; 375 Pirostomella,212;394 Pirostomella, 375 Pirottaea, 134;325 Pisolithus, 172; 353; 47 Pisomyxa, 248 Pistillaria, 162;345;42 Pithomyces,207;390 Pitya, 138;328;34 Pityella,328 Placasterella,97;299 Placidiopsis,88;290 Placodiplodia, 182; 362 Placodothis,275; 295 Placographa, 117; 315 Placonema, 180; 359 Placonemina, 370 Placopeziza, 325 Placophomopsis, 179; 359 Placosoma, 299 Placosphaerella, 183; 364 Placosphaeria, 180;359 Placostroma, 91 ; 294; 20 Placothelium,85;287 INDEX 487 Placothyrium, 192; 376 Plactogene,67; 267 l'lacuntium,309 Placynthium, 131 ; 323 J'la^iorhabdus, 361 Plagiostigme, 66; 267 riagiostoma, 265 I'lagiostomella, 265 I Magiostroniella, 272 I'lagiotrema, 289 Plasmodiophora, 30; 233; 1 Plasmodiophoraceae, 30; 233 Plasmopara, 40; 241 ; 4 Plasmophagus, 31 ; 234 liatycarpiuni, 374 Platychora,294 Platygloea, 157; 341; 41 riatypcltella, 301 I'latysticta,310 Platystomum, 83;286; 17 Plearthonis, 105; 306 Plectania, 139;328;35 Plectodiscella,93;297;20 Plectonaemella, 178; 360 Plectopeltis, 190; 374 Plectophoma, 177; 360 Plectophomella, 370 Plectophomopsis, 176; 360 Plectosira, 176; 360 Plectosphaera, 294 Plectosphaerella, 266 Plectospira,38;240 Plectothrix, 204;389 Plenodomus, 178; 360 Plenophysa,239, 370 Plenotrichum, 190;374 Plenozythia, 187; 371 Pleochaeta, 249 Pleochroma, 128;321 I'leococcum, 381 Pleoconis, 121; 317 Pleocouturea, 185; 367 Pieocyta, 370 Pleodothis, 296 Pleogibberella, 80;2S4 Pleoglonis, 296 Pleolecis, 125; 319 Pleolpidium, 31 ; 234 Pleomassaria, 74; 276 Pleomeliola, 256 Pleomelogramma, 73; 275 I'leomeris, 336 Pleomerium, 55; 252 Pleonectria, 8();284; 16 Pleopatella, 119;315 Pleophalis,85;287 Pleophragiiiia, 276 Pleopyrenis, 121 ; 317 Pleoravenelia, 337 Pleorinis, 132; 323 Pleoscutula, 118; 315 Pleosphaeria, 74; 276 Pleosphaeropsis, 181; 362 Pleosphaeropsis, 274 Pleosphaerulina, 275 Pleospilis, 118; 315 Pleospora, 74; 276; 14 Pleosporopsis, 263 Pleostictis, 111; 311 Pleostomella, 98;299 Pleotrachelus, 31 ; 234 Plcurage, 263 Pleurascus, 51; 248 Pleuroceras, 271 Pleurocolla,220;401 Pleurocybe, 120;316 Pleurocytospora, 370 Pleurodiscula, 370 Pleuronaema, 176; 360 Pleurophoma, 177; 360 Pleurophomella, 176; 360 Pleurophomopsis, 177; 360 Pleuroplaconema, 178; 360 Pleuroplacosphaeria, 370 Pleurostoma, 60; 258 Pleurostomella, 180; 360 Pieurothecium, 396 Pleurotheliopsis, 87; 289 Pleurothyriella, 189; 374 Pleurothyrium, 191 ; 376 Pleurotrema, 87;289 Pleurotus, 165; 349 Plicaria, 328 PHcariella, 137;328;34 Plochmopeltideila, 303 Plochmopeltineae, 101 Plochmopeltis, 101;304 Ploettnera, 310 Plowrightia,90;292; 19 Plowrightiella, 297 I'luriporus, 298 Pluteolus, 167; 350 Pluteus, 166;349;45 Pocillum, 136;327;33 Pocosphaeria, 71 ; 274 Podaleuris, 138;328 Podaxon, 170;353;47 Podocapsa, 47; 245 Podocapsium, 47; 245 Podochytrium, 32; 235; 1 Podocrea, 78;282 Podonectria, 283 Podophacidium, 313 Podoplaconema, 180; 360 Podosordaria, 263 Podosphaera, 52; 249; 7 Podospora, 64; 263 Podosporiella,230;409 Podosporium, 230;409 Podostictina, 131 ; 322 Podostroma, 77; 280 Podostroma, 282 Podoxyphium, 179; 360 Poecilosporium, 339 Polhysterium, 306 Polioma, 336 Poliomella, 336 Poliotelium, 334 Polyascomyces, 43; 243 Polyblastia, 86;287 Polyblastiopsis, 87;288 Polycarpella, 66; 267 Polychaetella, 185; 366 Polychaetum, 184; 365 Polychaetum, 254 Polychidium, 122;317 Polyclypeolum, 101 ; 304 Polycoccum, 268 Polycyclina,96;299 Polycyclus,96;299 Polydesmus, 215; 397 Polygaster, 355 Polylagenochromatia, 373 Polymorphomyccs, 392 Polynema, 192; 377 Polyopeus, 362 Polyphagus, 33; 235; 1 Polyplocium, 170; 353 Polyporaceae, 160, 163; 346; 43, 44 Polyporus, 163; 347; 43 I'olyrhina, 236 Polyrhizum, 97;300 Polysaccopsis, 156; 340; 20 Polysaccum, 3S3 Polyscytalum, 201;389 Polyspora, 381 Polysporidium, 250 Polystictus, 163; 347 Polystigma. 77:280; 15 Polystigmina, 189; 373; 50 488 GENERA OF FUNGI Polystomella,97;300 Polystomellaceae, 95; 298; 21 Polystomelleae, 97 Polystroma, 128; 321 Polythelis,87;288 Polythelis, 337 Polythrincium,215; 396; 56 Polythyrium, 301 Polytrichia, 62; 260 Pompholyx, 353 Poria, 163;347 Porina, 86;288 Porinopsis,285, 288 Porocyphus, 122; 317 Poronia,65;263; 11 Poropeltis, 190;375 Poroptyche, 348 Porostigme, 69;269 Porothelium, 163; 347 Porphyrosoma, 281 Porterula, 374 Pragmopara, 119; 315 Preussia, 52; 248 Prillieuxia, 344 Prillieuxina, 300 Pringsheimia, 73 ; 275 ; 14 Prismaria, 208; 391 Pritzeliella,406 Proabsidia, 236 Prolisea, 78;282 Promycetes, 147 Pronectria, 78;282 Prophytroma,211;394 Propolidium, 110; 311 Propolina, 110;311 Propoliopsis, 310 Propolis, 110; 311; 24 Prospodium, 151 ; 336 Prosthecium, 272 Prosthemiella, 198;384 Prosthemium, 184; 366; 50 Protascus, 236, 241 Protasia, 332 Proteomyces, 410 Protoachlya, 240 Protoblastenia, 132; 323 Protocalicium, 316 Protococcales, 30, 32; 233 Protocoronis, 197; 344, 382 Protocoronospora, 344, 382 Protodontia, 342 Protoglossum, 173; 355 Protohydnum, 158; 342 Protomerulius, 158; 342 Protomyces, 31 ; 234 Protomycetaceae, 31 ; 234 Protomycopsis, i2; 234 Protopeltis, 101;304 Protoscypha, 134; 325 Protoscypha, 296 Protostegia, 194; 379; 51 Protothyrium, 300 Protoventuria,68;269 Protubera, 173; 355 Psalidosperma, 379 Psalliota,350 Psammina,207;385,391 Psathyra, 168; 350 Psathyrella, 168; 350 Pseudacolium, 120; 316 Pseuderiospora, 199; 385 Pseudoabsidia, 236 Pseudobalsamia, 146; 333 Pseudobeltrania, 215 ; 396 Pseudocamptoum, 393 Pseudocenangium, 194; 379 Pseudocercospora, 397 Pseudocytospora, 370 Pseudodiaporthe, 66; 267 Pseudodichomera, 185; 367 Pseudodictya, 191 ; 376 Pseudodimerium, 69; 269 Pseudodimeriujn, 251 Pseudodiplodia, 188; 372 Pseudodiscosia, 198; 384 Pseudodiscula, 370, 381 Pseudofumago, 399 Pseudogaster, 409 Pseudogenea, 145; 333 Pseudographis, 103, 108; 309; 22 Pseudographium, 367 Pseudoguignardia, 260 Pseudohaplis, 181 ; 363 Pseudohaplosporella, 363 Pseudohelotium, 325 Pseudoheppia, 124; 318 Pseudohydnotrya, 145; 333; 38 Pseudolachnea, 193; 378 Pseudolecanactis, 125; 319 Pseudolembosia, 96; 300 Pseudolizonia, 256 Pseudolpidiopsis, 31 ; 234 Pseudolpidium, 234 Pseudomassaria, 279 Pseudombrophila, 328 Pseiidomelasniia, 294 Pseudomeliola, 279 Pseudomicrocera, 402 Pseudomonilia, 412 Pseudomycoderma, 412 Pseudonectria, 280 Pseudoparmelia, 130; 322 Pseudoparodia, 268 Pseudoparodiella, 250 Pseudopatella, 380 Pseudopatellina, 195; 380 Pseudoperis, 71 ; 272 Pseudoperisporium, 272 Pseudoperonospora, 241 Pseudopeziza, 134; 325 Pseudophacidium, 107; 309 Pseudophoma, 176; 360 Pseudophomopsis, 359 Pseudophyllachora, 279 Pseudophysalospora, 260 Pseudopityella, 328 Pseudoplasmopara, 241 Pseudoplea, 73;275 Pseudoplea, 272 Pseudoplectania, 138; 328; 35 Pseudopleospora, 279 Pseudopolystigmina, 406 Pseudopuccinia, 336 Pseudopyrenula, 288 Pseudorhynchia, 261 Pseudorhytisma, 325 Pseudosaccharomyces, 246,412 Pseudosclerophoma, 370, 371 Pseudoseptoria, 186; 368 Pseudosphaerella, 66; 267 Pseudosphaeria, 70, 93; 272, 297 Pseudostegia, 200; 385 Pseudostictis, 381 Pseudothiopsella, 182; 363 Pseudothis,69;269 Pseudothyridaria, 270 Pseudotrochila, 309 Pseudotryblidium, 118; 315 Pseudotrype, 257 Pseudotthia, 269 Pseudotthiella, 264 Pseudovalsa, 272 Pseudovularia, 388 Pseudozythia, 195;380 Psilocybe, 168;350 INDEX 489 Psiloglonium, 305 Psilonia,219;401 Psilopezia, 139;330 Psilospora, 192;377;51 Psilosporina, 379 Psilothecium, 117; 315; 27 Psora, 126; 319 Psorella, 126;319 Psoroglaena, 88;290 Psorographis, 106; 307 Psoroma, 127;321;31 Psoromaria, 126; 319 Psorotheciella, 325 Psorotheciopsis, 133; 325 Psorotichia, 121 ; 317 Psyllidomyces, 412 Pteridiospora, 265 Pteromyces, 314 Pterophyllus, 351 Pterula, 162;345 Pterygiopsis, 122; 317 Pterygium, 122; 317 Ptychographa, 105;307 Ptychopeltis,301 Puccinia, 151; 336; 39 Pucciniaceae, 147; 334 Pucciniales, 147; 334; 39, 40 Pucciniastrum, 154; 339 Pucciniopsis, 225 ; 404 Pucciniosira, 152; 336; 39 Pucciniospora, 183; 364 Pucciniostele, 152; 337 Puiggariella, 286 Puiggarina, 279 Pullularia,412 Pulparia, 115; 314 Pulveraria, 231 Punctillum, 268 Pustularia, 328 Puttemannsia, 80; 283 Puttemannsiella, 279 Pycnidiella, 372 Pycnidiostroma, 370 Pycnis, 177;360 Pycnocarpum, 100; 302; 21 Pycnochytrium, 234 Pycnoderma,99. 100;302 Pycnodothis, 182;363 Pycnographa, 107;308 Pycnomma, 370 Pycnopeltis,99;302 Pycnosporium, 370 Pycnostemma, 375 Pycnostroma, 379 Pycnostysanus, 229; 408 Pycnothyrium, 375 Pyrertastrum,88; 290 Pyrenidiae, 84 Pyrenidium,85;287; 18 Pyreniella, 259 Pyrenobotrys,68;269 Pyrenochaeta, 177; 360 Pyrenochaetina, 178; 360 Pyrenocollema, 85; 287; 18 Pyrenodiscus, 279 Pyrenomyxa, 279 Pyrenopezis, 134; 325 Pyrenopeziza, 134; 325; 33 Pyrenopezizae, 134 Pyrenopezizopsis, 325 Pyrenophora, 73; 276; 14 Pyrenopolyporus, 262 Pyrenopsidae, 121 Pyrenopsidium, 121 ; 317 Pyrenopsis, 121 ; 317 Pyrenostigme, 291 Pyrenothamnia, 88; 290 Pyrenotheca, 297 Pyrenothrix,85;288 Pyrenotrichum, 196; 380 Pyrenotrochila, 311 Pyrenula,86;288; 18 Pyrenulae, 86 Pyrenyllium, 87 ; 288 Pyrgidium, 120; 316 Pyrgillus, 120;316;28 Pyrhosorus, 236 Pyronema, 138, 142;328, 331; 34 Pyronemella, 138, 142; 328, 331 Pythiae, 40 Pythiocystis, 241 Pythiogeton,40;241 Pythiomorpha, 241 Pythiopsis, 38;240;3 Pythium,40;242;3 Pyxidiophora, 282 Pyxine, 132; 323 Quaternaria, 61 ; 258 Queletia, 171; 353 Questiera, 252 Rabenhorstia, 179;360:49 Rachisia, 402 Raciborskiella, 87;289 Kaciborskioiiiyces, 253 Racodium, 120; 316 Radaisella, 386 Radulum, 162;346;43 Ramalina. 131; 322; 32 Ramalodium, 122; 317 Ramonia, 129; 321 Ramosiella, 143; 331 Ramsbottomia, 330 Ramularia,208;391;54 Ramulariopsis, 206; 390 Raniulariospora, 378 Ramularisphaerclla, 266 Ramulaspera, 205; 389 Rainulispora, 384 Ranojevicia, 220; 401 Ravenelia, 153; 337; 40 Ravenelula, 118;315 Readerella, 181;363 Rebentischia, 12; 274 Reessia, 231 Rehniiella,66;267 Rehmiellopsis, 266 Rehmiodothis,294 Rehmiomyces, 313 Reinkella,"l06;3C8 Resticularia, 241 Reyesiella, 337 Rhabdium, 235 Rhabdocline, 309 Rhabdogloeopsis, 197; 382 Rhabdogloeum, 197;382 Rhabdopsora, 84; 287 Rhabdospora, 186; 368; 50 Rhabdostroma,294;279 Rhabdostromella, 370 Rhabdostromellina, 370 Rhabdostromina, 365, 368 Rhabdothyrella, 374 Rhabdothyrium, 374 Rhachomyces, 45 ; 244 ; 5 Rhacodiella,210;394 Rhacodium, 232 ; 41 1 Rhacophyllus, 351 Rhadinomyces, 44; 244 Rhagadolobium,97;300 Rhagadostoma, 67; 267 Rhamphoria, 73; 275 Rhamphospora, 339 Rhaphidisegestria, 289 Rhaphidocyrtis, 100;302 Rhaphidophora, 75; 278 490 GENERA OF FUNGI Rhaphidopyris, 86; 289 Rhaphidospora, 278 Rhaphidyllis, 86;289 Rheumatopeltis, 305 Rhinocladium, 212; 394 Rhinotrichum, 205; 389; 53 Rhipidium, 39;240;3 Rhipidocarpum, 96 ; 300 Rhizalia, 53;250 Rhizidiocystis, 236 Rhizidiomyces, 32; 235 Rhizidium, 33; 235; 1 Rhizina, 139;330;36 Rhizinae, 139 Rhizocalyx, 326 Rhizocarpum, 125; 319; 30 Rhizoclosmatium, 33; 235 Rhizoctonia, 231;411 Rhizogene, 256 Rhizohypha, 411 Rhizomorpha, 232 ; 41 1 Rhizomyces, 44; 244 Rhizomyxa, 233 Rhizophidium, 33 ; 235 ; 1 Rhizophlyctis, 33; 235 Rhizophoma, 178; 360 Rhizopogon, 173; 355; 48 Rhizopus, 35;237 Rhizosphaera, 178; 360 Rhizosphaerella, 360 Rhizotexis, 252 Rhizothyrium, 191 ; 375 Rhodobolites, 347 Rhodochytrium, 236 Rhodocybe, 351 Rhodomyces, 412 Rhodopaxillus, 351 Rhodoseptoria, 373 Rhodosticta, 187;371 Rhodothrix,84;289 Rhodotorula, 412 Rhodotus, 351 Rhombostilbella, 228; 407 Rhopalidium, 397 Rhopalocystis, 210; 395 Rhopalomyces, 202; 238, 389; 53 Rhopographella, 270 Rhopographina, 92; 294 Rhopographus, 92; 294; 20 Rhymbocarpus, 117; 315 Rhynchodiplodia, 183; 365 Rhynchomelas, 77; 280 Rhynchomeliola, 69; 269 Rhynchomyces, 216; 397 Rhynchomyces, 373 Rhynchonectria, 78; 282 Rhynchophoma, 182; 364 Rhyncophoromyces, 45 ; 245 Rhynchophorus, 366 Rhynchosphaeria, 71 ; 274 Rhynchosporium, 206; 390 Rhynchostoma, 68; 269 Rhynchostomopsis, 269 Rhyparobius, 141 ; 330; 37 Rhysotheca, 241 Rhytidenglerula, 252 Rhytidhysterium, 313 Rhytidopeziza, 313 Rhytisma, 109; 309; 24 Rhytismella, 369 Riccoa,409 Richonia,32;248 Rickia,45;244;5 Rickiella,286 Riessia,231;409;57 Rimbachia, 348 Rinia, 61 ; 260 Rinodina, 132; 323; 32 Robergea, 75, 111;278 Robertomyces, 296, 315 Robillardia, 182;364 Robledia,293 Roccella, 107;308;23 Roccellae, 106 Roccellaria, 106;308 Roccellina, 107;308 Roccellographa, 106; 308; 23 Rodwaya, 348 Roesleria, 119;316 Roestelia, 336 Rollandina,48;247 Romellia, 60;258 Rosellinia, 64;263; 10 Rosenscheldia, 90; 292; 19 Rosenscheldiella, 266 Rostkovites. 347 Rostrella, 62;260 Rostronitschkea, 61 ; 258 Rostrosphaeria, 61 ; 260 Rostrupia, 336 Rotaea,207;391 Rotularia, 107;308 Roumegueria, 295 Roumegueriella, 373 Roussoella, 268 Rozella, 31;234 Rozites, 350 Ruhlandlella, 330 Russula, 165;349 Rutstroemia, 136; 327 Sabourauditcs, 410 Saccardaea, 229;408 Saccardia,93;297 Saccardiae, 93 Saccardinula, 101; 304 Saccardoella, 70;272 Saccardomyces, 279 Saccharomyces, 48; 246; 6 Saccharomycetaceae, 47; 245 Saccharomycodes, 48; 246 Saccharomycopsis, 47; 246 Saccoblastia, 157; 341 ; 41 Saccobolus, 141;330;37 Saccomyces, 33; 235 Saccothecium, 273 Sachsia,392,412 Sacidium, 377 Sagediopsis, 272 Sagiolechia, 128;321 Saitomyces, 238 Samarospora, 5 1 , 62 ; 247, 260 Sampaioa, 83; 286 Santiella, 366 Saprolegnia, 38;240;3 Saprolegniaceae, 38; 239; 3 Saprolegniae, 38 Sapromyces, 39; 240 Sarcinella,217;398;57 Sarcinodochium, 222; 402 Sarcinomyces, 392 Sarcographa, 107;308 Sarcographina, 107; 308 Sarcomyces, 116; 314 Sarcophoma, 187; 371 Sarcopodium, 213; 395; 55 Sarcopyrenia, 86; 287 Sarcoscypha, 139; 328; 35 Sarcosphaera, 138; 328; 35 Sarcosoma, 116; 314 Sarcotrochila, 311 Sarcoxylum, 78;280 Sarophorum,229;408 Sartorya, 247 Scaphidium, 193;378 Scelobelonium, 136; 327 Scenomyces, 411 INDEX 491 Sceptromyces, 203; 389 Schenckiella, 332 Schiffnerula, 55; 252 Schin/.ia, 339 Scliinzinia, 349 Schismatomma, 124; 319; 30 Schistodes, 53;249 Schistophorum, 120; 316 Schizachora, 91; 294 Schizacrospernnim, 277 Schizocapnodium, 57; 254 Schizonella, 155; 339 Schizoparme, 62; 261 Schizopelte, 107; 308 Schizophyllum, 165; 349; 44 Schizosaccharis, 47; 246 Schizosaccharomyces, 246 Schizospora, 336 Schizostege, 275 Schizostoma, 83; 286; 17 Schizothyrella, 195;380 Schizothyrioma, 310 Schizothyrium, 101, 103, 108; 304,309; 24 Schizotrichum, 226; 405 Schizoxylum, 11 1 ; 3 1 1 ; 25 Schneepia,96;300;21 Schoenbornia, 378 Schroeterella, 336 Schroeteria, 340 Schroeteriaster, 388 Schulzeria, 165; 349 Schwanniomyces, 246 Schweinitziella, 91 ; 292 Sciodothis,94;296 Scirrhia,91;294;19 Scirrhiachora, 291 Scirrhiella, 63; 261 Scirrhiopsis, 295; 370 Scirrhodothis, 294 Scirrhophragma, 293 Sclerangium, 172; 353 Sclerochaeta, 177; 360 Sclerochaetella, 364 Sclerococcum, 225; 404 Sclerocystis, ?>7; 238 Sclerodcpsis, 347 Scleroderma, 172; 353; 47 Scleroderris, 112; 312; 25 Sclerodiscus, 225 ; 404 Sclerodothiorella, 357 Sclerodothis,271,292 Sclerographis, 106; 307 Sclerographium, 231 ; 409 Scleromeris, 176; 180; 360 Sclerophoma, 358 Sclerophomella, 360 Sclerophomina, 178; 360 Sclerophytum, 107; 308 Scleroplea, 74; 276 Scleroplella, 72;274 Scleropycnium, 195; 380 Sclerosphaeropsis, 362 Sclerospora, 40; 242; 4 Sclerostagonospora, 365 Sclerotelium, 336 Sclerotheca, 185; 367 Sclerothyrium, 362 Sclerotinia, 135; 327; 33 Sclerotiomyces, 256 Sclerotiopsis, 178; 360 Sclerotium, 231 ; 41 1 Scodellina, 328 Scolecactis, 125;319 Scoleciocarpus, 355 Scolecobasis, 396 Scolecoccoidea, 292 Scolecodothis, 92; 294; 19 Scolecodothopsis, 293 Scoleconectria, 285 Scolecopeltidella, 304 Scolecopeltidium, 304 Scolecopeltis, 101;304;21 Scolecopeltium, 101 ; 304 Scolecopeltopsis, 304 Scolecosporiella, 366; 384 Scolecotrichum, 215; 396 Scolecozythia, 188; 373 Scoliciosporium, 125; 319 Scolionema,97;300 Scopinella, 77; 281 Scopophoma, 185; 368 Scoptria, 258 Scopularia, 213; 395 Scopulariopsis, 388 Scorias, 57; 254 Scoriomyces, 406 Scortechinia, 63; 261 Scutellinia, 329 Scutellum,301 Scutula, 118;315 Scutularia, 315 Scutellinia, 139; 329; 35 Scutelliniae, 138 Scyphospora, 198; 383 Scyphostroma, 256 Scytopezis, 114; 312 Sebacina, 158; 342; 41 Secotium, 170; 353; 47 Seismosarca, 158; 342 Selenophoma, 177; 360 Selenophomopsis, 195; 380 Selenotila,201;389 Selinia, 77;280 Semigyalecta, 129; 321 Sepedonium,205; 389 Septobasidium, 158; 341 Septochora, 295 Septocladia, 242 Septocylindrium, 206; 391 Septocyta, 367 Septocytella, 370 Septodothideopsis, 370 Septogloeum, 198; 383; 52 Septoideum, 397 Septomazzantia, 279 Septomyxa, 198;383 Septonema, 215; 397; 56 Septopatella, 194;379 Septorella, 371,402 Septoria, 186; 368; 50 Septoriella, 184; 365 Septoriopsis, 368, 399 Septorisphaerella, 266 Septosporium, 218; 398 Septothyrella, 191; 375 Septotrullula, 384 Sepultaria, 139;329;35 Setchellia, 339 Setella, 57;254 Seuratia, 331 Seynesia,68, 98;269, 302; 17 Seynesiola, 302 Seynesiopsis, 191 ; 375 Shearia, 185; 367 Shiraia, 81 ; 284 Shropshiria, 371 Sigmatomyces, 220; 401 Sigmoidomyces, 202; 389 Sillia, 75;278;15 Simblum, 169;352;45 Simonyella, 107;308 Siphonaria, ?>2i; 235 Siphula, 130;322 Sirentyloma, 295 Sirexcipula, 192; 2,77 Sirexcipulina, 194; 364, 380 Siridiella, 199; 384 Siridina, 198;384 492 GENERA OF FUNGI Siridium, 198;384 Sirobasidium, 158; 342 Sirococcus, 177; 360 Sirocyphis, 193; 380; 50 Sirodesmium, 217; 398; 56 Sirodiplospora, 182; 364 Sirodochiella,220;401 Sirodothis, 180;360 Sirogloea, 187; 372 Sirolegniella, 178; 361 Sirolpidium, 236 Siropatella, 193, 195; 378 Sirophoma, 177; 361 Siroplaconema, 187; 357, 372 Siroplaconema, 357 Siroscyphella, 195; 380 Siroscyphellina, 380 Sirosperma, 179; 361 Sirosphaera, 179; 361 Sirospora, 396 Sirosporium, 398 Sirostromella, 178; 361 Sirothecium, 181, 194; 363, 379 Sirothyriella, 189;374 Sirothyrium, 189; 374 Sirozythia, 187; 372 Sirozythiella, 188; 372 Sistotrema, 163; 346 Skepperia, 161 ; 345 Skepperiella, 345 Skierkia, 148;335 Skottsbergiella, 264 Smeringomyces, 44; 244 Solanella, 142;331 Solenia, 161; 345; 42 Solenodonta, 336 Solenoplea, 262 Solenopsora, 127; 321 Solorina, 124;318;29 Solorinella, 124;318 Sommerstorffia, 240 Sordaria, 64;263; 10 Sorica, 58;256 Sorodiscus, 30; 233 Sorokinia, 116; 314 Sorolpidium, 233 Sorosphaera, 30; 233 Sorosporium, 155; 339; 40 Sorothelia, 69;269 Sparassis, 162; 345; 42 Spathularia, 140;330;36 Spegazzinia, 226; 405 Spegazzinula, 79; 283 Spermatoloncha, 202; 389 Spennodennia, 406 Spennophthora, 413 Sphacelia,221;401 Sphaceliopsis, 385 Sphacelotheca, 155; 339; 40 Sphaerella, 266 Sphaerellothecium, 68; 269 Sphaeriaceae, 59; 256; 9-15 Sphaeriales, 58; 257 Sphaericeps, 171 ; 354 Sphaeridium, 220; 401 Sphaeriostromella, 376 Sphaeriothyrium, 371 Sphaerita, 31;234; 1 Sphaerobolus, 174; 356; 48 Sphaerocista, 373 Sphaerocolla, 220;401 Sphaerocreas, 36; 239 Sphaeroderma, 77; 281 Sphaerodermella, 77; 281 Sphaerodes, 77; 281 Sphaerodothis,91;294 Sphaerognomonia, 62; 261; 10 Sphaerographium, 185; 368 Sphaeromyces, 224; 404 Sphaeronema, 176; 361 ; 49 Sphacronemella, 373 Sphaeronemina, 187; 372 Sphaeronemopsis, 257 Sphaeropezia, 108; 310; 24 Sphaerophoma, 180; 361 Sphaerophoropsis, 126; 319; 30 Sphaerophorus, 120; 316; 28 Sphaerophragmium, 152; 337 Sphaeropsis, 181 ; 363 ; 49 Sphaerosoma, 139; 330; 36 Sphaerospora, 138; 328; 35 Sphaerosporium, 400 Sphaerostilbe, 78; 282; 16 Sphaerostilbella, 77; 280 Sphaerotheca, 52; 249; 7 Sphaerothyrium, 377 Sphaerulina, 70;272 Sphaleromyces, 44; 244 Spheconisca, 85; 287 Sphenospora, 151 ; 337 Sphinctrina, 119; 316; 23 Sphinctrinopsis, 119; 316 Spicaria, 203;389 Spicularia,202;389 Spilodochium, 224; 404 Spilomium, 224; 404 Spilomyces, 181, 363 Spilonema, 122, 318 Spilopezis, 134; 325 Spilopodia, 325 Spilosticta, 269 Spinalia, 238 Spinellus, 35 ; 237 Spira,217;398 Spiralia, 410 Spirechina, 149; 335 Spirogramma, 263 Spirographa, 106; 307 Spirogyrales, 34; 236 Spirospora, 399 Spolverinia, 62; 261 Spondylocladium, 216; 397 Spongospora, 30; 233 Sporendonema, 210; 395 Sporhelminthiuni, 399 Sporobolomyces, 411 Sporoclema, 392 SporoctcJmorpha, 71 ; 272 Sporocybe,229;408;57 Sporocystis, 222; 402 Sporoderma, 389 Sporodesmium, 217; 398; 56 Sporodictyum, 86; 288 Sporodinia, 35; 237 Sporodiniopsis, 387 Sporomega, 308 Sporomyxa, 233 Sporonema, 192; 377 Sporophlyctis, 33; 235 Sporophysa, 62; 261 Sporopodium, 124; 318 Sporormia, 71,72; 274; 13 Sporormiella, 72; 274 Sporoschisma, 215; 397 ; 56 Sporostachys, 230; 408 Sporotrichella, 204;389 Sporotrichum, 204; 389; 54 Spragueola, 329 Spumatoria, 66; 267 Squamotubera, 263 Stachybotryella, 21 1 ; 395 Stachybotrys, 21 1 ; 395 ; 55 Stachylidium, 213 ; 395 ; 56 Stagonopatella, 193, 196; 379, 380 INDEX 493 Stagonopsis, 188; 372 Stagonospora, 184; 365; 50 Stagonosporopsis, 363 Stagonostroma, 188; 372 Stagonostromella, 184; 363 Staheliomyces, 352 Stalagmites, 90; 292; 20 Stamnaria, 314 Starbaeckia, 117; 315 Starbaeckiella, 273 Staurochaeta, 176; 361 Stauronema, 192; 111 Staurophoma, 179; 361 Staurothele,86; 288 Steganopycnis, 269 Steganosporium, 199; 385 Stegasphaeria, 269 Stegastroma, 68; 269 Stegia, 110;311;24 Stegopeziza, 311 Stegopezizella, 311 Stegophora, 66; 267 Stegothyrium, 99;303 Steinera, 122; 318 Stella, 353 Stemmaria, 229; 408 Stemphyliomma, 216; 397 Stemphyliopsis, 208; 391 Stemphyliopsis, 397 Stemphylium, 218;398 Stenocarpella, 365 Stenocybe, 119;316;28 Stephanoma, 209;391 Stephanospora, 356 Stephanotheca, 99; 303 Stephensia, 146; 333; 38 Stereocaulum, 127; 320; 30 Stereochlamys, 86; 289 Stereocrea, 80;283 Stereolachnea, 329 Stereostratum, 151 ; 337 Stereum, 161; 345; 42 Sterigmatocystis, 386 Sterile Mycelia, 231; 410 Stevensea, 251 Stevensiella, 62; 261 Stevensula, 251 Stichodothis, 298 Stichomyces, 43; 243 Stichopsora, 338 Stichospora, 371, 381 Sticta, 129;322 Stictae, 129 Stictidaceae, 109;310;24, 25 Stictina, 131; 322 Stictinae, 131 Stictis, 111;311;25 Stictochorella, 357 Stictochorellina, 359 Stictoclypeolum, 133; 325 Stictopatella, 192; 377 Stictophacidium, 110; 311 Stictostroma, 311 Stigeosporium, 242 Stigmatea,96;300;21 Stigmateae, 95 Stigmatella, 239, 406 Stigmatodothis,96; 300 Stigmatomyces, 44; 244 Stigmatopeltis, 298 Stigmatophragmia, 101; 304 Stigmatopsis, 264 Stigme, 54;250 Stigmella, 217;398 Stigmina,215;397 Stigmochora, 294 Stigmopeltella, Zld Stigmopeltis, 192; 376 Stigmopsis, 199; 385 Stilbaceae,227;406;57 Stilbella, 407 Stilbochalara, 229;408 Stilbocrea, 78;282 Stilbodendrum, 229; 408 Stilbohypoxylon, 279 Stilbomyces, 228;407 Stilbonectria, 79;283 Stilbopeziza, 115; 313 Stilbospora, 199; 384 Stilbothamnium, 230; 408 Stilbum,227;407 Stirochaete, 213;395 Stomatogene, 54; 251 Stomiopeltella, 101;304 Stomiopeltis, 101; 304 Strasseria, 177; 361 Streptotheca, 141; 330 Streptothrix, 212; 395; 55 Strickeria, 276 Strigula,87;289; 18 Strigulae, 87 Strobilomyces, 164; 347; 43 Stromatiiiia, 327 Stromatographium, 229; 408 Stroinatostysanus, 408 5troninc, 281 Stropharia, 167; 350 Strossmayera, 133; 325 Strumella, 225;4()4; 58 Strumellopsis, 225 ; 404 Stuartclla,271 Stylina, 156; 340 Stylobatcs, 351 Stylonectria, 188; 372 Stypella, 158; 342 Stypinella, 341 Stysanopsis, 408 Stysanus, 229;408; 57 Subiilariella, 367 Subulicola, 80;283 Succinaria, 11 ; 280 Suilliis, 347 Sydowia, 71,94;272,297 Sydowiella, 267 Sydowina,69;269 Sydowinula, 61 ; 258 Symphaeophyma, 292 Symphaster, 100;303;21 Symphyosira, 228; 407 Symplectromyces, 45; 244 Synalissa, 121 ; 318 Synarthonia, 105; 306 Syncarpella, 273 Syncephalastrum, 36; HI \ 2 Syncephalidae, 36 Syncephalis, 36;238-2 Synchactophagus. 242 Synchytriaceae, 31 : 234 Synchytrium, 31 ; 234; 1 Syncsiella, 305 Synesiopeltis, 305 Synglonium, 309 Synnematium, 230; 40" Synomyces, 338 Synostomella, 299 Synpeltis,97;300 Synsporium, 211; 395 Syntexis, 252 Synthctospora, 391 Systremma, 291 Systrcmmopsis, 371 Syzygitcs, 237 Taeniophora, 194; 379 Tang!clla, 326 Tapellaria, 123; 318 494 GENERA OF FUNGI Tapesia, 13.5; 323; 33 Taphridium, 32, 144; 234, 332 Taphrina, 144; 332; 37 Tarichiuni, 239 Tarzetta, 137; 329; 35 Tassia, 191; 376 Teichospora, 74; 276; 14 Teichosporella, 73; 275; 14 Telcutospora, 335 Telimena,92;294 Tcloconia, iil Tclospora, 335 Tcphrosticta, 254, 275 reratomyces, 45; 244 Teratonema, 53; 250 Teratosperma,218;399 Teratosphaeria, 68; 269 Terfezia, 146;333;38 Terfeziopsis, 146; 3Z?> Termitaria, 377 Testicularia, 155; 339 Testudina, 52;248 Tetrachia, 226;405 Tetrachytriuin, 236 Tetracium, 223 ; 402 Tetracladium, 208;391 Tetracoccosporis, 218; 398 Tetracoccosporium, 398 Tetramyxa, 30; 233 Tetraploa,217;398 Thalassoascus, 279 Tlialassomyces, 413 Thallochaete,99; 303 Thalloedema, 125; 319 Thamnidium, 35; 238; 2 Thamnocephalis, 238 Thamnolia, 130;322 Thamnomyces, 263 Thaxteria, 67;267 Thaxteriella, 71;272 Thecaphora, 155;339 Thcciopcltis, 304 Thecopsora, 339 Thecostroma, 381 Thecotheus, 330 Theissenia, 263 Theissenula, 252 Thelebolus, 141 ; 330 Thelenidia, 85 ; 288 Thelephora, 161;345;42 Thelephoraceae, 160; 344; 42 Thelidiopsis, 85 ; 288 Thelidium, 86;288 Thelis, 47;246 Thelocarpum, 76, 88;280 Thcloporus, 348 Thelopsis,86;289 Theloschistes, 132; iZi; 32 Thelospora, 406 Thelotrema, 129;321;31 Thermoidium, 387 Thcrnioniyccs, 386 Thermutis, 122;318;29 Thcrrya, 309 Thielavia, 51;248;8 Thielaviopsis, 210;395 Tholurna, 120;316;28 Thoracella, 183; 364 Thozetia, 220;401 Thrauste, 55; 252 Thraustotheca, 38; 240 Thrombium. 85;288 Thuemenella, 281 Thwaitesiella, 346 Thyrea, 121;318 Thyriascus, 305 Thyridaria, 272 Thyridella, 73; 275 Thyridium, 74;276 Thyrinula, 192;376 Thyriopsis, 295 Thyriostoma, 374 Thyriostroiiia, 371, 38.t Thyrococciim, 367 Thyrodochium, 226; 405 Thyronectria, 81 ; 284 Thyronectroidea, 284 Thyrosoma,99;303 Thyrospora, 398 Thyrostroma, 226; 405 Thyrostromella,384, 404 Thyrsidiella, 197; 382 Thyrsidina, 199; 384 Thyrsidium, 197;383 Thysanopyxis, 219; 401 Thysanothecium, 126; 320 Tiarospora, 182; 364 Tiarosporella, 177;361 Tichospora, 74;276; 14 Tichosporella, Ti; 275; 14 Tichothecium, 68; 269 Tieeheniella, 236 TilachlidioDsis. 230; 408 Tilachlidium,227;407 Tilletia, 155;340;40 Tilletiaceae, 155; 339 Tilotus, 166; 349 Tirmania, 146; ^?i^o Tonduzia, 55; 252 Toninia, 125; 320 Topospora, 365 'i'oroa, 251 Torrendia. 172; 35,^ 'I'orrcndiclla, 326 Torrubiella, 8!;28S Torscllia, 371 Torula, 209;395; 55 Torula,412 Torulina, 209;395 Toruloidea, 3S3 Torulopsis, 395, 412 Torulospora, 48; 246 Toxosporium, 199; 384 Trabuticlla,261,278, 2<>'-^ Trachysphaera, 40; 242 Trachyspora, 149; ?,y3 Tracbysporella, 335 Trachythyriolum, 192; 376 Trachyxylaria, 270 Tracya, 156; 340 Tracyella, 189; 374 Trailia, 79; 283 Trailia, 336 Trametes, 163; 347; 43 Tranzschelia, 151 ; ?>?f7 Traversoa, 192; 377 Treleasia, 78;282 Treleasiella, 187;372 Trematophoma, 359 Trematosphaerella, 274 Trematosphaeria, 72; 274; 13 Trematosphaeriopsis, 274 Trematosphaeris, 72; 274 INDEX 495 Treinatovalsa, 272 Tremella, 139;342;41 Tremellaceae, 158; 341 ; 41, 42 Tremellales, 157; 341 Tremellidium, 187,221; 372 Tremellodendrum, 342 Tremellodon, 158; 342; 42 Tremellogaster, 355 Tremellopsis, 343 Tremotylium, 129;321 Treubiomyces, 254, 284 Triactella, 338 Tricella, 337 Trichaegum,218;398 Trichaleurina, 329 Trichaleuris, 139;329 Tricharia, 123; 318 Tricharia, 329 Trichaster, 355 Trichasterina, 300 Trichobacidia, 122; 318 Trichobelonium, 133; 325 Trichobotrys, 211; 395 Trichochora,91; 292 Trichococcinus, 178; 361 Trichocladium, 214; 396 Trichocollonema, 272 Trichocoma, 145; 2ii2; 6 Trichoconis,208;391 Trichocrea, 196; 380 Trichoderma, 203 ; 389 Trichodiscula, 413 Trichodochium, 225 ; 404 Trichodothis,90;292 Trichodytes, 199; 385 Trichofusarium, 219; 401 Trichoglossum, 140; 330 Trichohleria, 273 Tricholoma, 165; 349; 44 Trichomerium, 57; 254 Trichonectria, 79;283 Trichopelteae, 100 Trichopeltella, 100; 303 Trichopeltina, 100; 303 Trichopeltis, 100; 303; 21 Trichopeltium, 374 Trichopeltopsis, 256, 303 Trichopeltula, 303 Trichopeltulum, 190; 374 Trichophila, 180;361 Trichophyma, 105; 306 Trichophytum, 231 ; 410 Trichopsora, 149; 335 Trichoscypha, 328 Trichoseptoria, 185; 368 Trichosperma, 196; 380 Trichospermella, 7S ; 278 Trichosphaerella, 63 ; 261 Trichosphaeria, 63 ; 261 ; 10 Trichosporina, 391 Trichosporium, 212; 395 Trichosterigma, 228; 407 Trichostronia, 406 Trichothallus, 305 Tricliotheca, 406 Trichothecium, 206; 390 Trichothelium, 87;289 Trichothyriaceae, 58; 256; 8 Trichothyriella, 58; 256; 8 Trichothyriopsis, 58; 256 Trichothyrium, 58; 256 Trichotrema,87;289 Trichurus, 229;408 Tridens, 108; 310 Triglyphium, 223;402 Trigonosporium, 178; 361 Trimmatostroma, 225; 404 Trimmatothele, 86; 288 Trinacrium,209;391 Triphragmiopsis, 152; 338 Triphragmium, 152; 338; 40 Triplicaria, 224;404 Tripospermum, 399 Tripospora, 58; 256 Triposporina, 207; 395 Triposporium, 218; 399; 57 Trochila, 110;311 Trochodium, 150; 335 Trogia, 166;349;44 Tromcra, 314 Troposporella, 227; 405 Troposporium, 22i ; 403 Trotteria, 363 Trotterula, 81 ; 284 Trullula, 195, 197; 380, 383; 52 Tryblidaria, 119; 315 Tryblidiaceae, 111;311;25 Tryblidiella, 104, 115; 313; 26 Tryblidiopsis, 112; 312; 25 Tryblidiopycnis, 381 Tryblidis,312 Tryblidium, 112; 312; 25 Tryblis, 112; 312 Trypetheliae, 88 Trypethelium, 88; 290; 18 Tubaria, 167; 350 Tuber, 146; 333; 38 Tuberaceae, 145; ?)?)2\ 28 Tuberales, 144; 332 Tubercularia, 221;401;53 Tuberculariaceae, 219; 399; 58 Tiibcrcularielia,381,401 Tiibcrculariopsis, 401 Tubercularis,221;401 Tuberculina,221;401;53 Tuberculis,221;401 Tubeufia, 81; 285,340 Tuburcinia, 156; 340 Tulasnella, 158; 342 Tylophilus, 347 Tylophorella, 120;316 Tylophorum, 120; 316 Tylostoma, 171; 354; 47 Tympanis, 114;313;26 Tympanopsis, 64; 263 Typhula, 162; 345 Typhulochaeta, 249 Tyridiomyces, 412 U Ulcodolliclla,291 Ulcodothis, 291 Uleomyccs, 297 Uleopeltis, 296, 299 Uleothyrium, 302 Ulocolla, 342 Umbilicaria, 126;320;31 Uncigera, 203;389 Uncinula, 53;249;7 Underwoodia, 140; 330 Unguicularia, 327 Unguiculariopsis, 324 Uredinopsis, 154; 339 Uredo, 150; 335 Urnula, 114, 138;313,329; 35 Urobasidium, 160; 343 Uroconis, 184; 366 Urocystis, 156; 340 L'rohcndersonia, 366 Uromyces, 150; 335; 39 Uromycladium, 149; 335 Uromycopsis, 335 Urophiala, 395. 496 GENERA OF FUNGI Urophlyctis, 235 Uropolystigma, 11 ; 280 Uropyxis, 151;337;39 Urospora, 62; 261 Urosporella, 261 Urosporium, 215; 397 Usnea, 130;322;32 Usneae, 130 Ustilaginaceae, 154; 339 Ustilaginales, 154; 339; 40 Ustilaginodes, 212; 395 Ustilago, 155;339;40 Ustilagopsis, 340 Ustulina,65;263;ll Valdensia, 413 Valetoniella, 264 Valsa,61;258;9 Valsaria,70;269;12 Valsella,61;258 Valseutypella, 257 Valsonectria, 265 Vanderystiella, 198; 383 Varicellaria, 128; 321 Varicosporium, 208; 391 Vasculomyces, 392 Vaucheriales, yi ; 239 Velloziella,409 Velutaria, 134;325 Venturia,66;267; U Venturiella, 273 Vermicularia, 196; 382; 49 Vermiculariella, 364 Verpa, 140;330;36 Verrucaria,86;288; 18 Verrucariaceae,84; 287; 18 Verrucariae, 85 Verrucaster, 187;372; 50 Verticicladium, 213, 395 Verticilliae, 203 Verticillidochium, 401 Verticilliopsis,203;389 Verticillis,220;401 Verticillium, 203;389;54 Vestergrenia, 63; 261 Vialaea, 75;278 Vibrissea, 140;330;36 Virgaria,212;395 Vittadinula,281 Vivianella,83;286 Vizella,96;300;21 Voeltzknowiella, 313 Volkartia, 234, 332 Volutena,219;401;58 Volutellaria,219;401 Volutellis,205;389 Volutellopsis, 222;402 Volutellops!s,389 Volutina,219;401 Volvaria, 166; 349 Volvariella, 349 Volvoboletus, 348 Vouauxiella, 193; 378 W Wageria, 54;251 Wallrothiella,63;261 Wardina, 300 Wardomyces, 399 Wawelia, 78;281 Wecsea,80;284 Wegelina,60;258 Weinmannodora, 371 Wentiomyces, 250 Wettsteinina, 66, 93 ; 267, 297; 20 Wiesnerina, 345 Wiesneriomyces, 403 Willeya, 86;288 Williopsis, 47; 246 Winterella,267,277 Winterina,67;267 Winteromyces, 265 Wojnowicia, 184; 366 Wolkia, 236 Woodiella, 118;315 Woronina, 31; 234 Woroninae, 31 Woroninella, 234 Wynnea, 312 Wynnella,312 Xanthocarpia, 132; 323 Xanthopsora, 373 Xanthopyrenia, 85 ; 289 Xanthoria, 132; 323; 32 Xenodochus, 152; 337 Xenodomus, 371 Xenogloea, 222; 402 Xenolophium, 286 Xenomeris, 296 Xenomyces, 239 Xenonectria, 79; 283 Xenopeltis, 192; 377 Xenopus,205;389 Xenosphaeria, 72; 274 Xenosporella, 218;398 Xenosporium, 218; 398 Xenostele, 151; 337 Xenostroma, 187; 372 Xenothccium, 279 Xerotus, 166;349 Xiphomyces, 225; 404 Xylaria, 65 ; 263 ; 11 Xylariodiscus, 263 Xylobotryum, 70;270 Xyloceras, 270 Xylocladium,371,386,409 Xylocrea, 78; 281 Xyloglyphis, 110;311 Xylogramma, 110;311;25 Xylographa, 105, 110;307, 311;24 Xyloma. 309 Xylopodium, 353 Xyloschistes, 105; 307 Xyloscbizuin, 306 Xylostroma, 232; 411 Xystozukalia, 254 Yatesula,99;303 Yoshinagaia,94;297;20 Yoshinagamyces, 378 Yoshinagella,90;292 Ypsilonia, 193;379 Zaghouania, 148; 335 Zahlbrucknerella, 122; 318 Zignoella, 71;272;12 Zimmermanniella, 89; 292 Zodiomyces, 45 ; 245 Zonosporis, 47; 246 Zoophagus, 242 Zopfia, 52;248 Zopfiella, 52; 248 Zukalia, 254 Zukalina, 142;331;37 Zukaliopsis, 143; 331 Zukaliopsis, 297 Zygochytrium, 236 Zygodesmella, 212; 395 Zygodesmus, 212; 395; 55 Zygorhizidium, 32; 235 Zygosaccharis, 48; 246 Zygosaccharomyces, 246 Zygosporium, 214; 395 Zythia, 187;372;50 Zythiaceae, 186;371;50 List of Plates 1. Chytridiales 2. Mucoraceae-Entomophthoraceae 3. Saprolegniaceae-Ancylistaceae 4. Peronosporaceae 5. Laboulbeniales 6. Exascaceae-Gymnascaceae- Eurotiaceae 7. Erysiphaceae 8. Eurotiaceae-Perisporiaceae- Trichothyriaceae 9. Sphaeriaceae 10. Sphaeriaceae 11. Sphaeriaceae 12. Sphaeriaceae 13. Sphaeriaceae 14. Sphaeriaceae 15. Sphaeriaceae-Hypocreaceae 16. Hypocreaceae 17. Microthyriaceae-Lophiostoma- ceae-Coryneliaceae 18. Verrucariaceae 19. Dothideaceae 20. Dothideaceae-Myriangiaceae 21. Polystomellaceae-Microthyria- ceae-Micropeltaceae 22. Hysteriaceae-Phacidiaceae 23. Mycoporaceae-Graphidaceae- Caliciaceae 24. Phacidiaceae-Stictidaceae 25. Stictidaceae-Tr}'blidiaceae 26. Dermateaceae-P)ulgariaceae 27. Patellariaceae 28. Caliciaceae-Collemaceae 29. Collemaceae-Peltigeraceae 30. Cladoniaceae-Lecideaceae 31. Lecideaceae-Parmeliaceae 32. Parmeliaceae-Physciaceae 33. Mollisiaceae-Helotiaceae 34. Pezizaceae 35. Pezizaceae 36. Helvellaceae 37. Ascobolaceae-Exascaceae 38. Cyttariaceae-Elaphomycetaceae- Tuberaceae 39. Pucciniales 40. Pucciniales-Ustilaginales 41. Tremellaceae 42. Tremellaceae-Clavariaceae- Thelephoraceae 43. Hydnaceae-Polyporaceae 44. Polyporaceae-Agaricaceae 45. Agaricaceae 46. Phallaceae 47. Lycoperdaceae 48. Hymenogastraceae-Nidulariaceae 49. Phomaceae 50. Phomaceae-Zythiaceae 5 1 . Leptostromaceae-Discellaceae- Melanconiaceae 52. Melanconiaceae 53. Moniliaceae 54. Moniliaceae 55. Dematiaceae 56. Dematiaceae 57. Dematiaceae-Stilbaceae 58. Tuberculariaceae PLATE 1 CHYTRIDIALES 1. Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron. (Fitzpatrick The Lower Fungi, p. 57. after Chupp) a. Multinucleate myxamoeba in base of root hair of cabbage b. Spores and zoospores 2. Sphaerita endogena Dangeard (Id., p. 72, after Dangeard) a. Spiny resting sporangium b. Young zoosporangiuni 3. Olpidium endogenum A. Br. (Schroet. Nat. Ffl. p. 68, after A. P.raun) a. Emptied zoosporangia x400 4. Phlyctochytrium hydrodictyi (A. Br.) Schroet. (Id. p. 78, after A. Braun) a. Zoosporangium x800 5. Synchytrium decipiens Farl. (Fl. Nebr. pi. 15, after Farlow) a. Section of a gall b. Zoosporangium and zoospores 6. Diplophysa saprolegniae (Cornu) Schroet. (Schroet., lb. p. 84, after Cornu) a. Oosporangium 7. Rhizidium mycophilum A. Br. (Id. p. 79, after Nowakowski) a. Zoosporangium with zoospores b. Resting sporangium with zoospore formation x400 8. Rhizophidium ampuUaceum A. Br. (Id. p. 76, after A. Braun) a. Zoosporangia on an algal cell x300 b. Zoosporangia x500 9. Chytridium oUa A. Br. (Id. p. 80) a. Zoosporangia in host xZOO, after A. Braun b. Zoosporangia and oosporangia, after DeBary 10. Obelidium mucronatum Now. (Fitzpatrick lb. p. 92, after Nowakowski) a. Sporangium with zoospores escaping through a lateral pore 11. Podochytrium clavatum Pfitz. (Id. p. 93, after Zopf) a. Mature plant 12. Polyphagus euglenae (Bail.) Now. (Schroet. lb. p. ^S, after Nowakowski) a. Zoosporangium with escaping zoospores x400 b. Zoospore x350 c. Oosporangia 13. Catenaria anguillulae Sorok. (Fitzpatrick lb. p. 103, after Dangeard) a. Young thallus developed from zoospore b. Mature thallus with zoosporangia c. Zoosporangium with escaping zoospores 14. Physoderma menyanthis DeBary (Scliroct. lb. p. 81, after DeBary) a. Mycelium and young sporangia x390 b. Mature sporangia xl90 ~M v>^'^t±^ Plate 1 PLATE 2 MUCORACEAE— EMPUSACEAE 1. Mucor mucedo L. (Schroet. Nat. Pfl. p. 124, after Sachs) a. Sporangium with columella b. Zygospore 2. Thamnidium elegans Link (Id. p. 128) a. Main and accessory sporangia xl20, after Brefeld b. Zygospore xl20, after Bainier 3. Pilobolus kleini van Tiegh. (Id. p. 129) a. Sporangia x200, after Brefeld b. Zygospore of P. crystallinus x80, after Zopf 4. Phycomyces nitens Kze. & Schm. (Id. p. 126, after van Tieghem & Ic Monnier) a. Zygospore x50 5. Mortierella polycephala Coem. (Id. p. 130) a. Conidia x50 6. Chaetocladium brefeldi van Tiegh. & le Mon. (Id. p. 132, after Brefeld) a. Conidiophores and zygospore x450 7. Choanophora infundibula (Curr.) Sacc. (Id. p. 131, after Cunningham) a. Conidiophores with heads of conidia x76 b. Sporangia xl80 8. Piptocephalis freseniana DeBary (Id. p. 133, after Brefeld) a. Conidiophores and conidia x300 b. Zygospore x630 9. Syncephalastrum racemosum F. Cohn (Id., after Schroeter) a. Conidiophores and conidia x60 10. Syncephalis cordata van Tiegh. & le Mon. (Id.) a. Conidiophores and conidia x80 b. Chains of conidia 11. Empusa muscae F. Cohn (Id. p. 138, after Brefeld) a. Host fly and detached conidia xl b. Conidiophores and conidia x80 c. Conidiophore x300 12. Empusa sphaerosperma Fres. (Id. p. 139, after Brefeld) a. Caterpillar killed by fungus xl b. Branched basidiophores x300 c. Mature resting spore x350, after Nowakowski 13. Conidiobolus utriculosus Bref. (Id. p. 140, after Brefeld) a. Layer of conidiophores x80 14. Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam (Id. p. 141, after Eidam) a. Layer of conidiophores x6n b. Basidium with conidium x500 c. Mycelium with resting spores x200 la .-*»>-* lb % 2b 4a ;ja s^-fO^^,~ 2a .^- \ \ 3b 3a ^^^ «4 %-_j .^f- (ia 7a 7b 8a .Sb Oa loa 10b ' ."W jO.T^ lla 12o 12b i;!a 14b -f^.. 14c lib lie 12i) i^ V ^ lla Plate 2 PLATE 3 SAPROLEGNIACEAE— ANCYLISTACEAE 1. Saprolegnia ferax (Fr.) Nees (Schroet. Nat. Pfl. p. 97, after Thuret) a. Fly with mycelium xl b. Oogonia and antheridia x400, after DeBary c. Zoosporangium and zoospores x200 2. Pythiopsis cymosa DeBary (Id. p. 97, after DeBary) a. Zoosporangia xl60 b. Oogone with antheridia x750 3. Dictyuchus monosporus Leitg. (Id. p. 99, after Leitgeb) a. Zoosporangia xl80 b. Zoospore x400 c. Mature oospore x400 4. Aphanomyces stellatus DeBary (Id. p. 100, after DeBary) a. Oogones with antheridia b. Cluster of zoosporangia c. Zoospores 5. Leptolegnia caudata DeBary (Id. p. 100, after DeBary) a. Hyphae bearing oogones xl60 b. Oospore x500 6. Aplanes brauni DeBary (Id. p. 101, after DeBary) a. Oogones x30 b. Sporangia and germinating spores x30 7. Leptomitus lacteus Ag. (Id. p. 102, after Prinpsheim) a. Mature zoosporangia x300 b. Zoospores x430 8. Rhipidium interruptum Cornu (Id. p. 103, after Cornu) a. Whole plant b. Disk filament with zoosporangmm and oosporangium x500 9. Apodachyla pirifera (Zopf) Pring. (Id. p. 102, after Zopf) a. Terminal conidium x500 b. Zoosporangia x250 10. Pythium debaryanum Hesse (Id. p. 105, after Hesse) a. Oogones and antherids x375, after DeBary b. Mycelium with young zoosporangia x200 c. Zoospores x300 (typically 2-ciliate) 11. Myzocytium proliferum Schenck (Id. p. 90, after Zopf) a. Chain of sporangia x250 b. Oospores and emptied antheridia, x250 12. Lagenidium rabenhorsti Zopf (Id. p. 90, after Zopf) a. Oospores x720 b. One-celled plant forming zoospores x720 13. Ancylistes closteri Pfitz. (Id. p. 92, after Pfitzer) a. Closterium with several hyphae x.SOO b. Oospores x500 Plate 3 PLATE 4 PERONOSPORACEAE (a. Conidiophore and conidia x200; b. Mature conidia x500; c. Oospore x500; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Albugo Candida (Pers.) Gray (Schroet. Nat. Ptl. p. Ill, after DeBary) a. Conidiophores and conidia b. Formation of zoospores c. Oospore 2. Bremia lactucae Regel a. (Fl. Nebr. pi. 16, after F. E. Clements) b. (Schroet. lb, p. 117) c. (Fl. Nebr. Id.) d. Tip of conidiophore (Schroet. lb.) 3. Plasmopara halstedi (Earle) Berl. & De Toni (Fl. Nebr. Id.) 4. Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet. (Id.) 5. Peronospora parasitica (Pers.) Fr. (Id.) 6. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) DeBary (Schroet. lb. p. 113, after DeP.ary) b. Exit of zoospores x390 c. Zoospores x390 7. Basidiophora entospora Roze & Cornu (Id. p. 114, after Cornu) b. Zoospore formation x3()0 c. x300 8. Monoblepharis sphaerica Cornu (Id. p. 107, after Cornu) a., b., c, Stages in the development of oogone and antheridium x800 9. Gonapodya prolifera (Cornu) A. Fisch. (Id., after Reinsch) a. Cluster of empty and proliferating zoosporangia b. Zoospores in sporangium x240 y 1^ lb ■^^ 7{:K 2a la Ic ^ -^ 2(1 2b 3a 2c 3b 3c 4b 4a 5b 5a 4c DC «;a Gh 7 a 7c ^-^ 71) f ^ r->-^' «>c !)a SJI sb Sc !)h Plate 4 PLATE 5 LABOULBENIALES (a. ^Mature individual; b. Spore; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Dimeromyces africanus Thaxt. (Thaxter: Laboulbeniaceae pi. 14) a. Female individual b. ]\Iale individual 2. Haplomyces californicus Thaxt. (Id. pi. 7) 3. Chitonomyces melanurus Peyritsch (Id. pi. 26) 4. Chaetomyces pinophili Thaxt. (Id. pi. 11) 5. Compsomyces verticillatus Thaxt. (Id.) 6. Cantharomyces bledi Thaxt. (Id. pi. 7) 7. Monoecomyces homalotae Thaxt. (Id. pi. 35) 8. Corethromyces cryptobi Thaxt. (Id. pi. 9) 9. Arthrorhynchus nycteribiae (Peyr.) Thaxt. (Id. pi. 8, after Peyritsch) 10. Rhachomyces lathrobi Thaxt. (Id. pi. 10) 11. Rickia wasmanni Cav. (Id. pi. 34) 12. Dichomyces furciferus Thaxt. (Id. pi. 6) 13. Ectinomyces trichopterophilus Thaxt. (Id. pi. 51) 14. Camptomyces melanopus Thaxt. (Id. pi. 6) 15. Diplomyces actobianus Thaxt. (Id. pi. 10) 16. Dioecomyces anthici Thaxt. (Id. pi. 42) a. Male individual x290 b. Male spore xllOO c. Female individual x290 d. Female spore xllOO 17. Ceratomyces mirabilis Thaxt. (Id. pi. 24) 18. Laboulbenia europaea Thaxt. (Id. pi. 16) Plate 5 PLATE 6 EXASCACEAE— GYMNASCACEAE— EUROTIACEAE (a. Ascoma; b. Ascus and spores; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Endomyces decipiens (Tul.) Reess (Schroct. Xat. I'fl. p. 153, after P.rcfeld) a. Mycelium with conidia x240 b. Mycelium with asci and spores x320 2. Saccharomyces cervisiae Meyen (Id. p. 153, after Reess) a. Vegetative cells x750 b. Spore formation x750 3. Trichocoma paradoxa Jungh. (Fischer Nat. Pfl. p. 310) a. Ascoma x2; section x4 b. Young and mature spores xl300 4. Gymnascus reessi Baran. (Id. p. 295, after Brefeld) a. Mature ascoma showing asci x200 b. x540 c. Hyphae bearing asci x600 (after r>aranetsky) 5. Myxotrichum uncinatum Eidam (Id. p. 296, after Eidam) a. Conidiophores x400 b. Outer hyphae of peridium x400 6. Myxotrichum chartarum Kze. (Id. p. 296, after Preuss) 7. Micrascus sordidus Zukal (Id. p. 298, after Zukal) a. Ascoma and section of same xlOO b. Young and mature spores x600 8. Onygena equina (Willd.) Pers. (Id. p. 309, after Tulasne) a. Habit xl; group of ascomata and section enlarged b. xl300 (after Fischer) 9. Cephalotheca sulfurea Fkl. (Id. p. 298) 10. Magnusia nitida Sacc. (Id., after Rabenhorst) " . f!h " - ■^ '-,"—->.- .■" . • "^ ,r ■ -' ' U'' ■ - ..J ; ^' ^ , V^-v 1 ' ' '■ -~. : -J ., t ' "%- ■ ' • ' '• ■■■-' ' . 2a ,..> lb .\"'S ^' ' r?a : , ■ " "^'^ ^^\ , "-, • "Vi , ' '-<^- . , . ,-^\\ ■2b- '!■ / ' ^ V ..V ' la -:P> -^ .., , '■ ■- - ^ ■ f , ■ f-' - *.^ ' }^ .r- . '". 1 ■ 4c' •■■'■ -J 4-. V ^{Z ^'> - '-"^ ^ V - " ~ 1 - "^ ' - - 3b " .-.::,_-; ". ^"-; - • ^ "' ■.■■.<■ . / . f ■ , ^ ,p,r--. ^— .. . •■ -' ■• "■ -v ^x- i"3 '• ■^"•••'. .' ' .'- . , ■ ' 1 / i ' "^"^ ."■ '^ •' "%'•" ■'- .: ' . '- ' ■^' ' '■ , X \^\ ^;-.'. ■. • ' ' ..■',', '■ »- , ,- ^^ - \ ■■ ^ ■ _ - - -» . ~^ ■ ~ ^ "^ / -, ' > ';v ', ^ ."",-■ ^-J, - \_ ., -■ ,^. " ;■ ^v '-. ' . " ' ■' -- - : ' '' "> , ^1' ,' ~J < ^- > ■ '■•.<- ■ , - ' . 5a . , - \ ^ T " v.^. ■^ -. " ' 4a ' ' \k '-^ ' -"^ . ,\ .^. ^ mm B v Sa ' \ ~X ■. - '^\ *._ v--^^^ ) « . / ■ ( - '' 1, - V * \ ' ciS ;.^ . ^ " ' "^ , • . <)b , -tp , .:^-^ ! *n. lOb / ( !)a 6^. (j> >-= ■"~ r?.' - ' q) Plate 6 PLATE 7 ERYSIPHACEAE (a. Perithecium x200; b. Ascus x200; c. Separate spores x400) 1. Uncinula salicis (DC.) Wint. 2. Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. 3. Phyllactinia suffulta (Reb.) Necs 4. Sphaerotheca humilis (DC.) Burrill 5. Microsphaera alni (DC.) Wint. 6. Podosphaera oxyacanthae (DC.) DeBary - • — c -■■' 2c ( ' — - _ .. 21 2a la ■ - -- ) : - 1 > 1 \ '1 ~-, ~ ■ ,'l^' lb ^ i^^j^ \' jf' - - ^ .•5c lib .3a ' •^ ' ; la 4c r *.. \ ; ^ J { 1 5b 5(' 5a - ) t)b (Jc (]a Plate 7 PLATE 8 EUROTIACEAE— PERISPORIACEAE— TRICHOTHYRIACEAE (a. Habit x5; b. Perithecium; c. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOOO; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Eurotium herbariorum (Wigg.) Link (Sacc. Mvc. Ven. no. 634) a. x50 b. x200 c. Group of spores in ascus and single spore xlOOO (E. & E. N. A. Pyr. pi. 8) 2. Lasiobotrys lonicerae Kze. & Schm. (E. & E. N. A. Fung. no. 3107) b. x200 d. Stroma x50 3. Mycogala parietina (Schrad.) Rest. (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 1567) b. xlOO 4. Thielavia basicola Zopf (Conn. Exp. Sta. Bull. 269, pi. 38) b. x200 c. xlOOO 5. Chaetostigme horridula Syd. (U. S. D. A., Langlois) b. x200 6. Parodiella grammodes (Kze.) Cke. (Clem. Colo.) b. xlOO 7. Meliola amphitricha Fr. (Id.) b. xlOO 8. Perisporium vulgare Cda. (Griffith West Am. Fung. no. 178) b. x50 9. Capnodium salicinum (A. & S.) Mont. (Krieg. lb. no. 1959) b. xlOO 10. Trichothyriella quercigena (Berk.) Theiss. (Theiss. & Syd. Ann. Myc. 13:486) b. Perithecium with mycelia 11. Actinopeltis peristomalis Hoehn. (Id. p. 487, after Hoehnel) a. Side view of perithecium 12. Loranthomyces sordidulus (Lev.) Hoehn. (Id. p. 484) a. Section of a stroma ~> la 3 (^ 19 m 3a i 3c ;ilj ~\ 7c '\ \ =CN 2d \>- ^-> 11a 12a 2h .vS '-r.! •»»> 'a, ' ••V - z « 5a ^, n ^-X • " 6c -^ i / V, W' -^*^^ !)a "> nit Plate 8 PLATE 9 SPHAERIACEAE (a. Habit xlO; b. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOOO; c. Perithecium, or section of stroma; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Nitschkea cupularis (Pers.) Karst. (Theum. Myc. Univ. no. 1947) a. x5 c. xlOO 2. Calosphaeria princeps Tul. (E. Barthol. Fung. Colum. no. 2208) a. x5 c. x20 d. Ascus and paraphyses xlOOO 3. Fracchiaea subcongregata (B. & C.) Karst. (U. S. D. A., Langlois) 4. Valsa ceratophora Tul. (E. & E. N. A. Fung. no. 864d) c. x40 5. Eutypa lata (Pers.) Tul. c. x50 6. Eutypella cerviculata (Fr.) Sacc. (Petr. Fung. Pol. Exs. no. 406) a. x5 c. xl5 d. Ostiole xlO 7. Diatrype disciformis (Hoffm.) Fr. (U. S. D. A., Saxonv, 1889) c. x40 8. Ceratostomella barbirostris (Duf.) Sacc. r Ellis N. A. Fung. no. 186) c. x50 9. Gnomoniella tubaeformis (Tode) Sacc. (Petr. F1. Bohem. no. 1.^4) c. x50 10. Physalospora gregaria Sacc. (Sacc. Mvc. Ital. no. 83) c. xlOO 41) iic la 11) 1 till , •'•S. Ic 4c (5(1 2(1 2a 4a 1^ J H^-. <1 J 11a Plate 11 PLATE 12 SPHAERIACEAE (a. Habit, or perithecium; b. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOOO; c. Section of stroma; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Endothia tropicalis Shear & Stevens (U. S. D. A., Ceylon, 1913) a. x5 c. x20 2. Chorostate strumella (Fr.) Trav. (Petr. Funp. Pol. Exs. no. 337) a. x5 c. x20 3. Didymosphaeria conoidea Niessl (Kze. Fung. Sel. Exs. no. 326) a. x50 4. Amphisphaeria umbrina (Fr.) DeN. (Vest. Mic. Rar. Sel. no. 38) a. xlS 5. Otthia distegiae T. & E. (Clem. Crypt. Form. Colo. no. 431) a. x4 c. Section of perithecia x25 6. Valsaria insitiva (Fr.) Ces. & DeN. (Mycoth. Ross. no. 29) a. x5 c. xlO 7. Ceratosphaeria castillensis C. L. Smith (Smith Cent. Am. Fung. no. 13) a. x2S 8. Metasphaeria gaurina E. & E. (E. & E. N. A. Fung. no. 3021) a. x20; perithecium xlOO 9. Zignoella pulviuscula (Curr.) Sacc. (Sacc. Myc. Ven. no. 87) a. x20 10. Lasiosphaeria hirsuta (Fr.) Ces. & DeN. (^U. S. D. A., Langlois) a. x25 11. Calospora platanoides (Pers.) Niessl (Sacc. Myc. Ital. no. 650) a. x.T c. x20 Plate 12 1 PLATE 13 SPHAERIACEAE (a. Habit x5; b. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOOO; c. Perithecium or section of same; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Massaria inquinans (Tode) Fr. (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 1071) b. Ascus x200; spore x500 c. x20 2. Clypeosphaeria notarisi Fkl. (Id. no. 1615) c. x20 3. Leptosphaeria doliolum (Pers.) DeN. (Kze. Fung. Sel. Exs. no. 323) c. x50 4. Melanomma pulvis-pyrius (Pers.) Fkl. (Cav. Fung. Long. Exs. no. 175) c. x50 5. Trematosphaeria pertusa (Pers.) Fkl. (Fkl. Fung. Rhen. Exs. no. 537) 6. Sporormia minima Auersw. (Berl. Icon. 1: pi. 28, f. 5) c. x200 7. Chaetosphaeria phaeostroma Fkl. (Id. pi. 17, f. 5) c. xlOO 8. Aglaospora profusa (Fr.) DeN. (Krieg. lb. no. 435) c. Section of stroma x30 9. Melogramma vagans DeN. (Petr. Myc. Carp. no. 246) c. Section of stroma x20 ^^ ' » la ^: >>; -'1 J A - nb .an 511 ' ® ^ --^^3^*- 8a .3 4c J ) ■ -J 61) '9 ■di 7c Sc Plate 13 PLATE 14 SPHAERIACEAE (a. Section of perithecium; b. Ascus x500; separate spores xlOOO; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Pringsheimia rosarum Schulz. (Berl. Icon. 1: pi. 131, f. 1) a. x200 2. Peltosphaeria vitriospora (Cke. & Hark.) Berl. (Id. 2: pi. 141, f. 1) a. x50 3. Tichosporella cervariensis Sacc. & Berl. fid. pi. 137, f. 3) a. xlOO 4. Berlesiella hirtella (Bacc. & Av.) Sacc. (Id. pi. 143, f. 1) a. Section of stroma; detail of perithecium 5. Pleospora herbarum (Pers.) Rabh. (Jaap Fung. Sel. Exs. no. 772) a. Habit x5; section of perithecium xlOO 6. Pyrenophora phaeocomes (Reb.) Fr. (Rehm Ascom. no. 1664) a. Habit x5; perithecium x50 b. Ascus x200; separate spore x500 7. Tichospora trabicola Fkl. (Berl. lb. 2: pi. 63, f. 2) a. xlOO 8. Fenestella princeps Tul. (Id. pi. 110) a. Section of stroma x25 9. Cucurbitaria berberidis (Pers.) Gray (U. S. D. A., Bresadola, Europe, 1922) a. Habit x4; section of stroma (Berl. lb. pi. 133) >^ c^. ,/ la ftV, ^^ .1,1 lb r% , .(/ •- ■■i\ J > 5a 4a . ( -> :^, 4b ?»' :}b tia . >^ /• ! 8b lib !)b A ^'- J: 8a !)a V ,//■ lb—' 7a ^ I O Plate 14 PLATE 15 SPHAERIACEAE— HYPOCREACEAE (a. Habit x5; b. Ascus, paraphyses and spores x500; c. Perithecia; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Ophiobolus acuminatus (Sow.) Duby (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 1257) c. xSO 2. Dilophia graminis (Fkl.) Sacc. (Jaap Fung. Sel. Exs. no. 515) b. Separate spores (Berl. Icon. 2: pi. 172, f. 3) c. x25 3. Sillia ferruginea (Pers.) Karst. (Krieg. lb. no. 2224) b. Separate spore x750 c. Section of stroma x20 4. Cryptospora suffusa (Fr.) Tul. (Krieg. Schad. Pilz. Exs., 1908) c. xl5 5. Linospora capreae (DC.) Fkl. (.Ml. & Schn. Fung. Bav. no. 545) c. x25 6. Allantonectria miltina (Mont.) Weese (Fung. Colo. no. 3204) a. xlO b. Ascus xlOOO; spores x2000 c. x50 d. Section of stroma x75 7. Notarisiella rousseliana (Mont.) Sacc. (Tranz. & Sereb. Myc. Ross. no. 170) a. xl b. xlOOO c. xlOO 8. Polystigma rubrum (Pers.) DC. ( Eriks. Fung. Scand. no. 345) a. xl b. xlOOO 9. Melanospora chionea (Fr.) Cda. (Vesterg., Alicr. Rar. Sel. no. 602) a. xlO b. xlOOO c. x50 10. Chilonectria cucurbitula (Curr.) Sacc. (Shear N. Y. Fung. no. 362) b. Ascus, spores and sporidia xlOOO c. x25 I f 9 la I 1 5* f B 4C% 3a -jA r- \ \ ^' <* # lb :' ,? =«^- tM- 5b 2a 2c 21) ® •^ 7a '1'/'' ', ^ t Oa I 8b .^^'K, 3b O W vw; 4b 4a Ha (jh (>(l >» y. ^^ "^ \^ ii 3 10a lOf t<- Na - M 7b S •^ "-'*•! \. ■ ' 101) 'H-j lie ' • ^ '^, '..,.» V / lOa lia .- Kk- lib (31) 12c Sb Oa ()C 31) -^ -\ r,i) 9a m <.)]> 12a 12b Plate 16 PLATE 17 MICROTHYRIACEAE— LOPHIOSTOMACEAE— CORYNELIACEAE (a. Habit or perithecium; b. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOOO; c. Section of perithecia; except as otherwise indicated; illustrations copied are adapted to the same scale) 1. Microthyrium microscopicum Desm. (Sacc. Mvc. Ven. no. 1481) a. xlOO b. 8-spored ascus xlOOO 2. Seynesia orbiculata Syd. (U. S. D. A., no. 11384) a. xl c. xlOO 3. Micropeltis applanata Mont. (lb., San Salvador, 1925) a. x5 4. Lophiosphaera schizostoma (Mont.) Trev. (Sacc. Fung. Ital. f. 358) a. xl; perithecia (Lind. Nat. Pfl. p. 418, after Berlese) 5. Schizostoma montellicum Sacc. (Lind. lb.) a. Habit xl (Sacc. lb. f. 146) 6. Lophiotrema nucula (Fr.) Sacc. (Sacc. lb. f. 24Q) a. (Lind. lb.) 7. Lophiostoma caulium (Fr.) Ces. & DeN. (E & E. Fung. Colum. no. 1538) a. xlCO c. x25 8. Platystomum compressum (Pers.) Trev. (Sacc. lb. f. 233) 9. Lophionema bambusae Hoehn. (Port. Ric. Fung. no. 72597) a. x5 10. Corynelia clavata (L.) Sacc. (U. S. D. A., Fitzp. no. 1575) a. x5; perithecium x20 w^^-y V. -ii. Xt^- ; .•-"— - } '5 2c lb '■'*^- .>->' 21) la 9 A\ 2a > •< m 4c a a 3a < Y 3b ' . • 4a '3:^. *< amif'^'^'' .A I Cm :(\ 4)1 \-\ i ^ -■ ■-. i ■( Plate 17 PLATE 18 VERRUCARIACEAE (a. Habit; b. Section of perithecium; c. Spores; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Epigloea bactrospora Zuk. (Zahlbr. Nat. Pfl. p. 64, after Zukal) 2. Aspidothelium cinerascens Wain. (Id. p. 70) a. Perithecium from above and tlic side 3. Pyrenidium actinellum Nyl. (Id. p. 91, after Crombie) a. Lobes of thallus 4. Pyrenula nitida (Weig.) Ach. (Lind. Flecht. 19:30) a. x5 (Merrill Lich. Exs. no. 12) 5. Strigula elegans (Fee) Muell. Arg. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 89) 6. Campylothelium puiggari Muell. Arg. (Id. p. 85) 7. Dermatocarpum miniatum (L.) Mann (Fink Lich. Minn. p. 243, after Reinke) a. xl b. x75 8. Endocarpum pusillum Hedw. (Lind. lb. 19:19) 9. Trypethelium eluteriae Spreng. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 83) b. Section of stroma 10. Pyrenocollema tremclloides Reinke (Id. p. 165, after Reinke) a. xl b. xl30 11. Verrucaria muralis Ach. (Fink Lich. Minn. no. 125) a. xl 12. Verrucaria dolomitica (Mass.) Koerb. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 66) c. xlOOO 13. Verrucaria rupestris Schrad. (Id.) ^//'V.f^ '• '• : ' '111: '■ ; ! : ; ! j ' ' ■Ji-ui' "V .' ;ii:i-^^^-^ 71) 1 "''-^. °^ Plate 18 PLATE 19 DOTHIDEACEAE (a. Habit x5; b. Ascus x300; separate spores xinOO; c. Section of stroma or perithecium; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Phyllachora graminis (Pers.) Fkl. (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 242) a. x20 2. Phyllachora lathyri (Lev.) T. & S. (Lind. Nat. Pfl. p. Ill (Diachora), after Mueller) 3. Phyllachora inclusa (B. & C.) Sacc. (T. & S. Dothideales pi. 3, f. 14) 4. Plowrightia ribesia (Pers.) Sacc. (Krieg. lb. no. 583) a. x20 5. Scirrhia rimosa (A. & S.) Zuck. (Lind. lb. p. 380) a. xl 6. Dothidea sambuci (Pers.) Fr. (Kunze Fung. Sel. Exs. no. 158) 7. Dangeardiella macrospora (Schroet.) Sacc. & Syd. (Petr. ]\Ivc. Carp. Exs. no. 217) c. x50 8. Rosenscheldia heliopsidis (Schw.) T. & S. (Rehm Ascom. no. 2028) a. x4 c. x35 9. Homostegia piggoti (B. & Br.) Karst. (U. S. D. A., Fuckel, no. IVz^) c. x25 10. Bagnisiopsis praestans (Lev.) T. & S. (T. & S. lb. pi 2, f. 6) 11. Scolecodothis fici (Bessey) (U. S. D. A., Bessey, Florida, 1907) a. xl^ c. x25 12. Diplochorella pseudohypoxyla (Rehm) T. & S. (T. & S. lb. pi. 2, f. 14) 13. Crotone emmoti (P. Henn.) T. & S. (Id. f. 13) i ' } ■'5/ " J i t lb 4a Ic ^'K' 2c ac 1^ >- 7a 6a 7h Sa 6c ■•^^ 7e 1^ ( \" \ I 8h 9a Ob ^^K / V »v V > lla ^^, lie /■ lib Plate 19 PLATE 20 DOTHIDEACEAE— MYRIANGIACEAE (a. Stroma or ascoma; b. Ascus or spores; c. Habit; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Stalagmites tumefaciens (Syd.) T. & S. (T. & S. Ann. Myc. 13: pi. 4, f. 15) 2. Euryachora thoracella (Rostr.) Schroet. (Id. pi. 3, f. 7) 3. Microcyclus angolensis Sacc. & Syd. (Id. pi. 5, f. 4, after Theissen) 4. Catabotrys palmarum (Pat.) T. & S. (Id. pi. 2, f. 5) 5. Placostroma litseae (Rac.) (Id. pi. 4, f. 10) 6. Rhopographus filicinus (Fr.) Nke. (Id. pi. 3, f. 9) 7. Coccostroma puttemansi (P. Henn.) T. & S. (Id. pi. 2, f. 12) 8. Phaeochora washingtoniae (Shear) T. & S. (Id. pi. 4, f. 6) 9. Myriangium duriaei Mont. (Fischer Nat. Tfl. p. 320, after Millardet) a. x30 b. x250 c. x5 10. Plectodiscella piri Woron. (T. & S. 15: p. 434, after Woronichin) 11. Kusanoa japonica P. Henn. (Id. p. 440, after Hoehnel) 12. Myxomyriangis ricki (Rehm) Theiss. (Id. p. 434, after Theissen) 13. Yoshinagaia quercus P. Henn. (Id. p. 445) a. Section of ascoma and detail 14. Dothiora sorbi (Wahl.) Fkl, (Id., after Theissen) 15. Myriangina mirabilis (Henn.) Hoehn. (Id. p. 436, after Theissen) 16. Bagnisiella mirabilis (Starb.) .Theiss. (Id. p. 445, after Starbaeck) 17. Wettsteinina gigaspora Hoehn. (Id. p. 447, after Hoehn.) 18. Dictyonella erysiphoides (Rehm) Hoehn. (Id. p. 441, after Hoehnel) Vi /; .^i / L-i-^vT 2a n^^^ la ..:>^ 3a rj o CD < t > CD o 0> <^ t-i .^:^ 5a J o o o O O o O OO «.j O V* O o "J ^"^ «!J^?, ^^^ ^ :lt i-CaJSaaiifc**?' . -iXO, SS5.c*ftt ?^ 12a •'•■';^ ^v: .■-'■••■ ■■" V"-' '■'' -Tl ^■^^^:?s ,J<''nO 0X0^^ Vv^C^-CT' (-■ ■ o 3 c 14a ^^c{ I /• /^/ -I \. '■ V l«c 1H:1) 15a 16b. 17a ■^^ ^:^;^ V isa *§'■'? ■ya <;v--:k Plate 20 PLATE 21 POLYSTOMELLACEAE— MICROTHYRIACEAE— MICROPELTACEAE (a. Ascoma or section of same; b. Ascns and spores; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Schneepia guaranitica Speg. (Rehm Ascom. no. 1687) a. Habit x5; section of ascomata x20 b. Ascus x500; spore xlOOO 2. Stigmatea robertiani Fr. (T. & S. Ann. Myc. 1.^: p. 400) 3. Cocconia concentrica Syd. (lb. 13: pi. 1, f. 5) a. Single ascoma and diagrammatic arrangement 4. Inocyclus myrtacearum (Rehm) T. & S. (Id. pi. 1, f. 7) 5. Cyclotheca miconiae (Syd.) Theiss. (Id. pi. 6, f. 7) 6. Blasdalea disciformis (Rehm) Sacc. & Syd. (Id. pi. 5, f. 9) 7. Melanochlamys leucoptera Syd. (Id. pi. 6, f. 9a) 8. Aulacostroma palawanense Syd. (Id. f, 13) 9. Vizella conferta (Cke.) Sacc. (Id. f. 5) 10. Coscinopeltis argentinensis Speg. (Id. pi. 1. f. 9) 11. Symphaster gesneraceae Henn. (Id. pi. 6, f. 8) a. Habit 12. Dielsiella pritzeli Henn. (Id. pi. 1. f. 3) 13. Dothidasteris sepulta (B. & C.) Hoehn. (Id. pi. 2, f. 1) 14. Trichopeltis pulchella Speg. (lb. 15: p. 426) a. Portion of thallus 15. Asterina melastomatis Lev. (Rehm Ascom. no. 1749) a Habit x5; ascoma x50 b. x500 16. Pycnocarpum magnificum (Syd. & Butl.) Theiss. (T. & S. lb. 15: p. 426) a. Thallus with pycnidia 17. Amazonia psychotriae.(Henn.) Theiss. (Id. p. 420, after Theissen) 18. Scolecopeltis aeruginea (Zimm.) Hoehn. (Id. p. 428, after Hoehnel) la ^CXr^fK^ r V lb la :i cr> 'J C3 f 7 o rj u O o -3 .• -> » i j ' ' - ' \ X M 4a 5a -^-^ 7a v^ 8a 10a T'T i:{a • ••»-.* : ^ o ®- # 15a "'■■■ ■• • 11a "\ A^. \ -J^^ 7> t 14a A ^ . ^■-' 17a 15b 18b Plate 2 1 PLATE 22 HYSTERIACEAE— PHACIDIACEAE (a. Habit x3; b. Ascus and parapliyses x300; separate spores xlOOO; c. Perithecium; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Aulographum vagum Desm. (Petr. Fl. Bohem. no. 1207) b. xlOOO c. x50 2. Glonium stellatum Muhl. (Ellis N. A. Fung. no. 462) a. x2; detail x5 3. Gloniella typhae Fkl. (Herb. Barb. Bois. no. 971) c. xlO 4. Pseudographis pinicola (Nyl.) Rehm (U. S. D. A., Bres., 1897) 5. Dichaena quercina (Pers.) Fr. (Ellis lb. no. 793) b. (Rehm Disconi. p. 49) 6. Hysterium pulicare Pers. (U. S. D. A., Clinton, N. Y.) c. xlO 7. Mytilidium rhenanum Fkl. (Fkl. Fung. Rhen. no. 761) 8. Graphyllium chloes Clem. (U. S. D. A., no 1668) c. x50; detail of wall x500 9. Hysterographium fraxini (Pers.) DeN. (Wilson & Seaver Ascom. no. 36) 10. Lophium mytilinum (Pers.) Fr. (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 1832) 11. Hypoderma virgultorum DC. (E. & E. N. A. Fung. no. 2378) 12. Lophodermium arundinaceum (Schrad.) Chev. (Alask. Fung. no. 287) 13. Acrospermum compressum Tode (Ellis lb. no. 1318) r •^/^ X V la Ic ■J ' /■ >^ 4a 41. - 3b 3a L. y. ^ vA <)!> ^^ -t I ' ](H, ,^ I) 12a 131) 12It %t 13a Plate 22 PLATE 23 MYCOPORACEAE— GRAPHIDACEAE— CALICIACEAE (a Habit; b. Section of apothccium or stroma; c. Ascus and paraphyscs; separate spores xlOOO; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Mycoporum elabens Fw. (Zahlbr. Xat. Tfl. p. 93) 2. Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Th. Fr. a x5 (Dec. N. A. Lich. no. 178) b. (Lind. Flecht 41:43) c. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 103) 3. Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. (Zahlbr. lb. p. Ill) a x5 (Dec. N. A. Lich. no. 40) b. x50 4. Opegrapha varia Pers. (Zahlbr. Id.) a. x5 (Dec. N. A. Lich. no. 173) b. x50 5. Acanthothecis pachygraphoides Wain. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 117) 6. Dirina ceratonia (Ach.) DeN. (Id. p. 123, after Reinke) 7. Roccellographa cretacea Stur. (Id. p. 12.3) a. Habit xl; lobe of thallus enlarged b. x50 8. Roccella fuciformis DC. (Id. p. 124, after Reinke & Tulasne) 9. Cyphelium tigillare (Pers.) Th. Fr. (Merrill Lich. Exs. no. 123) a. x5 c. x500 10. Caliciopsis stenocyboides (Nyl.) Rehm (Rehm Ascom. p. 383) n. Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.) Fr. (Id. p. 384, after Tulasne) 12. Chiodectum myrticola Fee (Id. p. 121) •A ', ./ -C-r-^-^N^ ■ ^' A- ^. >' >■ m. li' ^^^ '^- 1 0 la 2a r 2c :^^ 3a vV ./, W' ^, ^ V ,>J /4- \ 4a \ f! ,v 2b '-I\ r;' V. ■7 -» Xlll^vQ ,„ 4b » A A r—J^ ■•/ 7b 9a J "jl 12a n 3 10c (/. 3c C>«P=9:»*-frTnBl«,-.A i^' /aL I Sb \ //' >^a 12cvv/ lOfl lie 11a 12b Plate 23 PLATE 24 PHACIDIACEAE— STICTIDACEAE (a. Habit; b. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOOO; c. Section of apothecium x20; except as otherwise indicated; 1. Phacidium vaccini Fr. (Grant Fl. West Wash., 1923) a. x5; detail xlO 2. Cryptomyces maximus (Fr.) Rehm (Jaap Fung. Sel. Exs. no. 766) a. and c. x5 3. Schizothyrium ptarmicae Desm. (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 384) a. x5; detail x20 4. Keithia tetraspora (Phrll.) Sacc. (Jaap lb. no. 706) a. x5 5. Sphaeropezia vaccini (Rehm) Sacc. (Krieg. lb. no. 1786) a. x5; detail x20 6. Dothiora sphaeroides (Pers.) Fr. (Id. no. 969) 7. Rhytisma acerinum (Pers.) Fr. (U. S. D. A., Arkansas) a. xl 8. Coccomyces coronatus (Schum.) Rehm (Migula Krypt. Germ. no. 55) 9. Clithris quercina (Pers.) Fr. (Martin Fung. Iowa no. 727) c. xlO 10. Stegia lauri (Cald.) Sacc. (Sacc. Myc. Ven. no. Ill) a. xlO 11. Propolis faginea (Schrad.) Karst. (All. & Schn. Fung. Bav. no. 349) 12. Xylographa parallela (Ach.) Fr. (Sacc. Myc. Ital. no. 679) a. xlO ^ ^ ^ ■» la ^ VH'V^ 2b V.o ' •) lb A 3a o \ ' y? 3D n o 3 5a \i 5b \ ill ^ 4a 4c 4b 3\ v , / "^H ^\>\ ^ii^\ .\* -rN-^\ IS-^n^^^ w .A ,r 7a 6a „^ 0# I ■^ — ' H' ."^ M' 8b 6b ^?j 8a 9a S^J; V .i Bi .y:^ 9c 03 lOc KM) ® G l(>a ^ f i "^ 91) lla lib 12a 12l» Plate 24 PLATE 25 STICTIDACEAE— TRYBLIDIACEAE (a. Habit x5; b. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOOO; c. Section of apothecia; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Xylogramma sticticum (Fr.) Wallr. (Rehm Ascom. p. 124) a. xlO 2. Cryptodiscus pallidus (Pers.) Cda. (Speg. Myc. Ital. no. 102) a. x5 3. Schizoxylum berkleyanum (Dur. & Lev.) Fkl. (Petr. Fl. Bohem. no. 281) a. x5; detail x25 b. Spore fragments xlOOO c. (Rehm lb. p. 126) 4. Stictis radiata (L.) Pers. (U. S. D. A., Clinton, N. Y.) c. (Rehm lb.) 5. Ostropa cinerea (Pers.) Fr. (U. S. D. A., Schnabl. Munich, 1895) c. (Rehm lb. p. 186) 6. Tryblidiopsis pinastri (Pers.) Karst. (Rehm lb. p. 192) a. (Clem. Crypt. Form. Colo. no. 73) 7. Heterosphaeria patella (Tode) Grev. (Syd. Myc. Germ. no. 1103) a. Apothecia xlO: wet and dry conditions 8. Odontotrema hemisphaericum (Fr.) Rehm a. (Fkl. Barb. Rois. Herb. no. 1099) b. (Rehm lb. p. 200) 9. Tryblidium calyciforme Reb. (Petr. lb. no. 34) 10. Scleroderris ribesia (Pers.) Karst. (Migula Crypt. Germ. no. 216) f>: e 2a 2e 5a. O 0 0 5c o f ■-/'J To I 8b 8a m u i) tr ( ' - J 9b 5b ■ : I ;, 2b a i 9 3a 6a 6C; 4' '-4 6b \ ■3 V <^ l()a ^ ^ . o 7a To 71> ^ 4' o v; C ■sfi) 4a H 2b 4c lb '^.> 3b 4b ;>l> / y. 10b l()a til) 6a i % ^y Su 8b 0' 1 "'X >.. o I \^l A '^A^ ^ 12r O M -^ ;»b Uc i^ lib 11a 12b Plate 26 PLATE 27 PATELLARIACEAE (a. Habit x5; b. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOOO; c. Section of apothecia; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Biatorella resinae (Fr.) Mudd (Rehm Ascom. p. 292) a. (Herb. Haglund, 1892) 2. Patinella punctiformis Rehm (Rehm lb. p. 293) a. xlO 3. Psilothecium incurvum Clem. (Clem. Colo., 1896) a. xlO 4. Patellea sanguinea (Pers.) Rehm (Vest. Mic. Rar. Sel. no. 1763) a. xlO 5. Karschia lignyota (Fr.) Sacc. (Fink Ascom. Ohio) c. (Rehm lb. p. 299) 6. Abrothallus parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Nyl. (Simmer Krypt. Kreuz. no. 2001) c. (Rehm lb.) 7. Caldesia sabina (DeN.) Rehm (Clem. lb.) c. (Rehm lb. p. 283) 8. Baggea pachyasca Auersw. (Rehm lb. p. 301) a. xlO 9. Durella compressa (Pers.) Tul. (Ellis N. A. Fung. no. 145) a. xlO 10. Patellaria atrata (Hedw.) Fr. (U. S. D. A., Ellis, New Jersey) c. (Rehm lb. p. 295) 11. Mycobacidia herbarum (Hepp) Rehm (Id. p. 296) o ^ 2a la . o ^ c —J .re, ® ■0 .©® ^ .a ,:m c t 0 lb <^ 2c 21. 3a' S) 4b M \ ■ J 51. :5b i-'i F .H> " ^ 8 cj O ^ -'J .^^^, -O- l.> if: o o lOc 101) 111. iJli Plate 2 7 PLATE 28 CALlCIACEAE— COLLEMACEAE (a. Habit or apothecium; b. Separate spores xlOOO; c. Section of apothecium or thallus; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Pyrgillus javanicus Nyl. (Merrill Lich. Exs. no. 120) a. x5 c. (Zahlbr. Xat. Pfl. p. 99, after Reinke) 2. Coniocybe furfuracea Ach. (Id., p. 96) 3. Acolium sessile (Pers.) Rehm (Rehm Ascom. p. 386) 4. Stenocybe major Nyl. (Id. p. 387) b. x500 5. Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Turn.) Th. Fr. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 96) 6. Calicium hyperellum (Ach.) Pers. (Id.) 7. Tholurna dissimilis Norm. (Id. p. 101) 8. Sphaerophorus coralloides Pers. (Id.) 9. Chrysothrix noli-tangere Mont. (Id. p. 135) 10. Phylliscum demangeoni (Mont. & Moug.) Nyl. (Id. p. 156, after Reinke) 11. Jenmania goebeli Waecht. (Id. p. 159, after Waechtei ^s* la 3 f f.r^ yyr) .-J ^^ "^ o ^'' y,! :'^ 2b \'' 7 ,11 'v^'^O 'I ( T 81) 1 41) A s. Ok 4a 41 > ca &^' iia^^-o.^- \ -V.;^ ^•^V-: . 7c / -y ^^'/ ^^7.M ;)c ; / // ^ ; '^ .:^ ^»^ I ^^* % 8c ' '7 i^/r- ,o o •3?'- C) Kk- ,^ O i^,/^ J^ ■, 11a /V ^"' ■* lU- Plate 28 PLATE 29 COLLEMACEAE— PELTIGERACEAE (a. Habit xl; b. Section of apothecium; c. Spores; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Collema pulposum (Bernh.) Ach. (Fink Lich. ]\linn. pi. 21, after Schneider) b. x400 c. x650 2. Leprocollema americanum Wain. (Zahlbr. Nat. Pfl. p. 166, after Reinke) a. x6 b. xl20 3. Leptogium tremelloides (L.) S. F. Gray (Fink lb. pi. 22, after Schneider) b. x400 c. x650 4. Thermutis velutina (Ach.) Th. Fr. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 150, after Reinke) _ a. Habit xl; apothecia and hvphae xl5 b. x50 5. Ephebe lanata (L.) Wain. (Id. p. 151) a. Habit xl; tip of thallus x330 6. Heppia virescens (Despr.) Nyl. (Id. p. 174, after Reinke) a. x3 b. x50 c. xlOOO 7. Peltigera canina (L.) Hoffm. (Clem. Colo., 1929) b. x45 (Fink lb. p. 163, after Reinke) c. x500 8. Solorina saccata (L.) Ach. (Lind. Flecht. 153:90) ■^ii^*?^^ :c^>. .■■-•■a - -^':' O i-^ Plate 29 PLATE 30 CLADONIACEAE— LECIDEACEAE (a. Habit; b. Ascns, paraphyscs and spores xSOO; separate spores xlOOU; c. Section of apothecinm; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Baeomyces byssoides (L.) Ach. (Willey Coll. U. S. Nat, Herb.) a. x2'^ (Fink Lich. Minn. pi. 10) 2. Pilophorum cereolus Th. Fr. (Lind. Flecht. 103:105) a. xl ; detail enlarged 3. Gymnoderma coccocarpum Nyl. (Zahlbr. Nat. Pfl. p. 204, after Reinke) a. xl ; detail enlarged 4. Stereocaulum paschale (L.) Hoffm. (Dec. N. A. Lich. no. 2S) a. xl ; detail x5 5. Cladonia rangeriferina (L.) Web. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 206, after Reinke) a. xl 6. Argopsis megalospora Th. Fr. (Id. p. 209, after Reinke) a. xl: cephalodia and phyllocladia 7. Lecanactis abietina (Ach.) Koerb. (Id. p. 132, after Reinke) b. (After Zahlbr.) 8. Schismatomma abietinum (Ehrb.) Koerb. (Id.) b. (Lind. lb. 55:59) 9. Lecidea enteroleuca Ach. (Herb. Hasse, no. 225) a. x5 10. Biatora vernalis (L.) Th. Fr. (Lind. lb. 67:80) n. Sphaerophoropsis stereocauloides Wain. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 195, after Reinke) 12. Lopadium pezizoideum (Ach.) Koerb. (Lind. lb. 103:98) 13. Bacidia rosella (Pers.) DeN. a. x5 (Merrill Lich. Exs. no. 30) b. (Lind. lb. 89:92) 14. Rhizocarpum geographicum (L.) DC. (Dec. N. A. Lich. no. 218.) a. x5 b. x500 15. Buellia parasema (Ach.) Th. Fr, (Clem. Colo.) a. x5 b. x500 16. Bacidia rubella (Ehrb.) Massal. (Lind. lb. 89:93) CI a >5k lT^ii •^VH- n X V ■J 2a ^ , 3a ©_(3 lb 4a 4 i:^4b>Vi/ :k A r •J >3) ='-i''.,j^' 7a ja \ / V 7c «..%x ^^i?,^^ ?-^'^' ^•^; mi WJ ^' -J ®> m #> 7 b V 8a ■ >1-T.- 8b 9b 1 9a \/ ? 7 c ■^-\ 1 / ,S<' ;:\ lla ''f!^ A i»,-:cc. , 'mm i:ia 13b Plate 30 PLATE 31 LECIDEACEAE— PARMELIACEAE (a. Habit; b. Ascus and paraphyses xSOO; separate spores xlOOO; c. Section of apothecium) 1. Gyrophora vellea (L.) Ach. (Merrill T.ich. Exs. no. 45) a. xl (Lind. Flecht. 130:148); detail of lobe of thallus x5 2. Umbilicaria pustulata (L.) Hoffm. (Dec. N. A. Lich. no. 15) a. xl; detail of lobe of thallus x5 3. Lecanora subfusca (L.) Ach. (Id. no. 22) c'. (Lind. lb. 166:209) 4. Psoroma hypnorum (Dicks.) Hoffm. (Clem. Colo.) a. x5 b. x500 5. Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. (Alerrill Lich. Exs. no. 9) a. x5 6. Diploschistes scruposus (L.) Norm. (Zahlbr. Nat. Pfl. p. 141, after Reinke) a. x5 (Merrill Lich. Exs. no. 102) b. x500 7. Pertusaria bryontha (Ach.) Nyl. a xl (Lind. lb. 166:200) c. x30 (Zahlbr. lb, p. 218, after Reinke) 8. Acarospora chlorophana (Wahlb.) Mass. (Clem., Colo.) a. x5 9. Thelotrema lepadinum Ach. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 138) a. (After Reinke) 10. Gyrostomum scyphuliferum (Ach.) Fr. (Merrill Lich. Exs. no. 35) a. xlO b. x500 c. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 140) 11. Gyalecta cupularis (Ehrh.) Fr. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 146, after Reinke) b. (Lind. lb. 55:66) 12. Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. a. xl (Dec. N. .'\. Lich. no. 16) b. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 184) Plate 3 1 PLATE 32 PARMELIACEAE— PHYSCIACEAE (a. Habit xl; b. Ascus, paraphyses and spores x500; c. Section of apothecium; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.) Ach. (Zahlbr. Nat. Pfl. p. 2Zl, after Reinke) 2. Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. (Merrill Lich. Exs. no. 116) 3. Alectoria ochroleuca (Ehrh.) Nyl. (Lind. Flecht. 199:255) 4. Dufourea madreporiformis (Wulf.) Ach. (Id. 199:253) 5. Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. (Id. 199:250) 6. Usnea florida (L.) Hoffm. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 246) a. (After Reinke) 7. Pannaria pezizoides (Web.) Lightf. (Lind. lb. 142:183) 8. Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. (Fink Lich. Minn. pi. 40, after Schneider) b. x650 9. Lepidocollema carassense Wain. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 178, after Reinke) a. x3 c. xl60 10. Caloplaca aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. (Lich. Bor. Am. no. 46) a. x5 11. Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. (Merrill Lich. Exs. no. 133) 12. Theloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Norm. a. Group of apothecia enlarged (Zahlbr. lb. p. Zbl) b. (Lich. Bor. Am. no. 84) 13. Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) Th. Fr. (Dec. N. A. Lich. no. 169) c." (Lind. lb. 231:283) 14. Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. (Dec. N. A. Lich. no. 12) c. x35 15. Anaptychia leucomelaena (L.) Wain. (Zahlbr. lb. p. 258) Plate 32 PLATE 33 MOLLISIACEAE— HELOTIACEAE (a. Habit x5, represented in moist condition; b. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOOO; c. Section of apothecia; except as otherwise indicated) 1. MoUisia cinerea (Batsch) Karst. (Rehm Ascom. p. 505) a. (Petr. Fl. P.ohcm. no. 269) c. (M. benesuada) 2. Tapesia fusca (Pers.) Fkl. (Krypt. Exs. Vienna Mus. no. 1926) a. Habit, both wet and dry 3. Niptera ramealis Karst. (Id. no. 956) 4. Pyrenopeziza rubi (Fr.) Rehm (Krieg. Funp. Sax. no. 879) c. (Rehm lb. p. 604) 5. Fabraea ranunculi (Fr.) Karst. (Petr. Myc. Carp. no. 16) 6. Eriopeziza caesia (Pers.) Rehm (Phillips Elvel. Brit. no. 76) a. xlO 7. Sclerotinia tuberosa (Hedw.) Fr, a xl (Hone Minn. Bot. Stud. June 1909, pi. 14) b. (Rehm lb. p. 802) 8. Helotium citrinum (Hedw.) Fr. (Krypt. Exs. Vienna Mus. no. 205b) a. Habit x5; apothecium xlO 9. Cyathicula coronata (Bull.) DeN. (Rehm lb. p. 705) a. Habit xl; apothecium enlarged 10. Hymenoscypha virgultorum (Vahl) Phill. (Vest. Mic. Rar. Sel. no. 1759) 11. Pocillum cesati (Mont.) DeN. (Sacc. Myc. Ven. no. 952) a. x20 12. Lachnellula chrysophthalma (Pers.) Karst. (Id. no. 919) 13. Lachnum bicolor (Bull.) Karst. (Rehm lb. p. 865) a. Habit xl ; apothecium enlarged 14. Dasyscypha cerina (Pers.) Fkl. (Clem. Crypt. Form. Colo. no. 81) a. Habit xl; apothecium x5 15. Lachnella flammea (A. & S.) Fr. (Rehm lb. p. 828) a. Habit x5; apothecium xlO ( E. & E. N. A. Fung. no. 3534) 0 -- rs^ tj(j:f«Sfi>. 'Of n2a ^ ''"'^■ I I ' 1 la "lb 21) V ] ^1 3b 7 (5a 1^^S^^?,,_ ^^^^5) ISf Plate 33 PLATE 34 PEZIZACEAE (a. Habit xl ; b. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOO except as otherwise indicated) 1. Otidea leporina (Batsch) Fkl. a. (Cooke Mycographia f. 211) b. (Rehm Ascom. p. 1022) 2. Pitya vulgaris Fkl. (Krypt. Exs. Vienna Miis. no. 1731) b. x200; separate spore x500 3. Lamprospora miniata (Crouan) DeN. (Cooke lb. f. 17) b. x200; separate spore x800 4. Aleuria aurantia (Muell.) Fkl. (Petr. Fl. Bohem. no. 253) 5. Humaria leucoloma (Hedw.) Boud. (Cooke lb. f. 28) a. x5 6. Macropodia macropus (Pers.) Fkl. (Clem. Colo.) b. x200; separate spore x500 7. Pyronema omphalodes (Bull.) Fkl. (Rehm lb. p. 919) a. x5 8. Geopyxis cupularis (L.) Sacc. (Clem. Colo.) b. x200 9. Acetabula vulgaris Fkl. (Krypt. Exs. Mus. Pal. Vind. no. 1730) b. x200; separate spore x500 10. Discina venosa (Pers.) Sacc. (U. S. D. A., Bres.) a. (Rehm lb. p. 922, after Winter) b. x200; separate, spore x500 11. Plicariella leiocarpa (Curr.) Rehm (Id. p. 989) ■ •> - i ^ ^ 3b i 1 , V- 1 ■ - ■• ) "" i X . .^1 -^ ■'J 7b /I lb 5b 6b N-, c 8b / / 'r::( ^.J" V TJJT £1 '\ lOa ■>\ \ -^ ;;fiii ^/ lib 10b i: J Plate 34 PLATE 35 PEZIZACEAE (a. Habit or single apotheciuni xl; b. Ascus and paraphyscs x200; Separate spores x500; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Galactinia coerulea Clem. (Clem., Colo., 1902) b. xSOO 2. Urnula craterium (Schw.) Fr. (U. S. D. A., James, Ohio) 3. Peziza badia (Pers.) Fkl. (Jaczcwski, Russia, 1895) a. (Cooke Mycographia f. 226) 4. Tarzetta rapulum (Bull.) Cke. (Rehm Ascom. p. 993) a. (Cooke lb. f. 197) b. x500; separate spore xlOOO 5. Peziza vesiculosa Bull. (Clem. lb., 1927) 6. Pseudoplectania nigrella (Pers.) Fkl. (Id.) 7. Sphaerospora trechispora (B. & Br.) Sacc. (Phillips Elvel. Brit. no. 160) d. Section of apothecia (Rehm lb. p. 1029) 8. Sarcosphaera coronaria (Jacq.) Schroet. (Cooke lb. f. 238) a. x^ 9. Scutellinia scutellata (L.) Lamb. (Clem. lb.) 10. Plectania melastoma (Sow.) Fkl. (Cooke lb. f. 103) 11. Sepultaria sepulta (Fr.) Cke. (Clem., Ariz., 1924) 12. Sarcoscypha coccinea (Jacq.) Cke. (Ellis N. A. Fung. no. 434) a. (Cooke lb. f. 95) 13. Desmazierella acicola Lib. (Rehm lb. p. 1031) Plate 35 PLATE 36 HELVELLACEAE (a. Ascoma and section xl; b. Ascus and paraphyses x500; separate spores xlOOO; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Sphaerosoma fuscescens Klotsch a. (Lind. Nat. Pfl. p. 172, after Tulasne) b. (Corda Icon. 11, f. 100) 2. Rhizina inflata (Schaeff.) Quel. (Syd. Myc. Germ. no. 1935) a. (Rehm Ascom. p. 1136, after Haenssiger) b. x200; separate spore x500 3. Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. (U. S. D. A., Seaman) a. (Minn. Mushrooms f. 102) b. x200; separate spore x500 4. Helvella lacunosa Afz. (Clem. Colo., 1927) b. x200; separate spore xSOO 5. Vibrissea truncorum (A. & S.) Fr. (Id.) 6. Cudonia circinans (Pers.) Fr. (Id.) a. (Cooke Mycographia f. 172) 7. Verpa conica (Muell.) Schwartz (Clem. lb.) b. x200; separate spore x500 8. Leotia lubrica (Scop.) Pers. (U. S. D. A., Morgan) a. (Cooke lb. f. 171) 9. Mitrula phalloides (Bull.) Chev. (Rehm lb. p. 1143, after Sturm) a. (Cooke lb. f. 175) 10. Spathularia clavata (Schaeff.) Sacc. (Clem. lb.) 11. Geoglossum glabrum Pers. (E. & E. N. A. Fung. no. 2031) t la :m^ 7 ^ , -SI •• . #^ '^ 1 "\-i C^ ' ■ / 2b 'i7 U / l' lb .r ( J 5a 5b '\( ^ U « /"^v ,v 9a ■C-- 91) 3a 3b 6b ^-■^ ■D / ' W' ^ / i 4b 7b 5i; w . > ■■■:s ■ ~\ , > \ *■■ - ^ ^-:^^^ ^"-^'O^ i4b , " , . -'v 'J M 'v '■~^'^^ -:;? J — '_ - ■- ,t.%' \ lOb \ £4 .^ , , ^^ 9b l<>a lib Plate 38 PLATE 39 PUCCINIALES (a. Aecia xlO; aeciospores x200; b. Urediospores x200; c. Telia xlO; teliospores x200; d. Microscopic details) 1. Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Lk. (U. S. D. A., Path. Myc. Coll. no. 863) a. (Syd. Ured no. 1359) 2. Melampsora euphorbiae (Schub.) Cast. (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 220) d. Section of teliuni x200 3. Cronartium flaccidum (A. & S.) Wint. (Dietel Nat. Pfl. p. 42-43) a. Aecia xl ; detail enlarged Aeciospores (Migula Krypt. Germ. no. 230) b. (After Tulasne) c. (Krieg. lb. no. 614) d. Portions of telium with teliospores x400 (after Tulasne) 4. Pucciniosira pallidula (Speg.) Lagerh. (U. S. D. A., lb. no. 64772) d. Partial section of a telium (Dietel lb. p. 96) 5. Uropyxis amorphae (Curt.) Schroet. (Barth. N. A. Ured. no. 1399) b. (Fung. Dak. no. 248) 6. Puccinia graminis Pers. (Fung. Colum. no. 3461) d. Section of leaf with aecia and spermagonia (Linhart Fung. Hung. no. 5) 7. Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks) Wint. (Krieg. Schad. Pilze no. 15) a. Group of aecia x3; single aecium x5 c. Telia xl (Dietel lb. p. 7i) 8. Phragmidium subcorticium (Schroet.) Wint. (Krieg. lb. nos. 11, 12) b. Urediospores and paraphyses d. Section of aecium (U. S. D. A. Rep. Veg. Path., 1887, pi. 10) 9. Chrysomyxa abietis (Walk.) Ung. (Dietel lb. p. 44. after DeBary) d. Section of telium CjQ'^-^^'^---^'^'^^, .--'• »v ^ — V ^ , 2d 2b >i1 Plate 39 PLATE 40 PUCCINIALES— USTILAGINALES (Nos. 1-3: accia, urcdia and telia x5; spores x200; Nos. 4-11: spores x500) 1. Calyptospora goeppertiana Kuehn (Dictel Nat. I'fl. p. 38) a. Aecia and aeciospores (Vest. Mic. Ran. Sel. no. 754) b. Twig deformed by fungus c. Section of bark with germinating teliospores 2. Triphragmium ulmariae (Schum.) Lk. (Syd. Ured. no. 2636) a. Uredia and urediospores b. Telia and teliospores 3. Ravenelia epiphylla (Schw.) Diet. (liarthol. N. A. Ured. no. 2783) a. Teliospores x.^ b. Teliospore x200 4. Tolyposporium junci (Schroet.) Woron. (Dictel lb. p. 15, after Ikefeld) a. Germinating spore ball x250 5. Sorosporium saponariae Rudolphi (Id.) a. Stages in development of spore ball, x400, and single spore 6. Doassansia alismatis (Nees) Cornu (Id. p. 23) a. Partial section of spore ball x500 7. Entyloma microsporum (Ung.) Schroet. (I'etr. Fung. Eich. no. 78) a. Infected leaf of Ranunculus x5 b. Spores c. Stages in germination of spore x600 (Dietel lb. p. 18, after Dc Bary) 8. Sphacelotheca hydropiperis (Schum.) DeBary (Dietel lb. p. 12, after DeBary) a. Mass of spores emerging from fruiting body b. Section of mature fruiting body c. Spores (Syd. Ustilag. no. 332) 9. Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Jen. (Id. p. 8) a. Habit xl b. Spores (Myc. Herb. Ran, no. 82) c. Germinating spores (after Brefeld) 10. Polysaccopsis hieronymi (Schroet.) Henn. (Id. p. 22) a. Section of fungus-gall xl b. Spore sacks from interior of gall c. Hyphae with mature spore balls. 11. Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint. (Id. p. 17, after Swingle) a. Spike of infected wheat xl b. Germinating spore (Camb. Bot. Handb. p. 193) c. Spore (Eriks. Fung. Par. Scan. no. 256) ih0 Plate 40 PLATE 41 TREMELLALES (a. Habit xl ; b. Basidia and spores) 1. Platygloea nigricans (Fr.) Schroet. (Killermann Nat. Pfl. p. 107, after Brefeld) b. x300 2. Auricularia mesenterica (Dicks) Fr. (Rick Fung. Aus. Amer. no. 122) 3. Hirneola auricula-judae (L.) Berk. a. (Clem. Minn. Mushrooms, f. 83) h. x300 (Killermann lb.) 4. Gyrocephalus rufus (Jacq.) Bref. (Killermann lb. p. 117, after Bresadola) 5. Hirneolina incarnata (Bres.) Sacc. (Id. p. 114, after Bresadola) c. Hymenium x300 6. Saccoblastia ovispora A. Moell. (Id. p. 107, after Moeller) a Hyphae with basidia and sack-like cells x220 b. x500 c. Germinated spore with conidia x220 7. Exidia glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. (Id. p. 112, after Brefeld) b. x350 8. Sebacina incrustans (Pers.) Tul. (Id.) b. x400 9. Tremella frondosa Fr. (U. S. D. A., Shear) b. x500 10. Dacryomyces stillatus Nees (Killermann lb. p. 121, after Brefeld) b. Germinating spore x350 11. Guepinia spathularia (Schw.) Fr. (Id.) 12. Dacryomitra glossoides (Pers.) Bref. (Id.) b. Germinating spore x300 a \ n ^-^i^ la I 2a *;w. 3b -13 lb V. 1 ' 4b 4a ^- m^^. 5a :?) ^^^ 7b tt 5c 5b (la 6b o>; As.-*' ' \ 8a . I 8b (U V, K 9b -K^^' lOa 9n t^ 11 a <^ 121) f , 1, I! ^ -. ^ I I ' ■ W; Plate 41 PLATE 42 TREMELLACEAE— CLAVARIACEAE— THELEPHORACEAE (a. Pileus xl; b. Spores, with or without ba?idia xlOOO; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Calocera viscosa (Pers.) Fr. (Kiilcnnann Nat. I'fl. p. 122) b. x300 (after P.refeld) 2. Tremellodon gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers. (Id. p. 118, after Aloeller) 3. Sparassis crispa (Wulf.) Fr. a. (Clem. Minn. Mushroom.s. f. 73) h. (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 858) 4. Pistillaria micans (Pers.) Fr, (Killermann lb. p. 1.^3) b. x500 c. Sporophores x25 5. Clavaria botrytis Pers. (Id. p. 155) 6. Physalacria inflata Pk. (Id. p. 153) b. (U. S. D. A., Martin no. 498) 7. Craterellus cornucopiodes (L.) Pers. (U. S. D. A., James) 8. Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. (U. S. D. A. Ex. Herb. Kew no. 1(;683) 9. Thelephora terrestris Ehrh. (Killermann lb. p. 147) b. x300 10. Corticium roseum Pers. (Krypt. E.xs. Vienna Mus. no. 715) 11. Hypochnus ferrugineus (Pers.) Fr. (Rel. Earl. no. 330) 12. Solenia Candida Pers. (Killermann lb. p. 149) 13. Coniophora cerebella (Pers.) Schroet. (Id. p. 137) b. x300 14. Exobasidium vaccini (Fkl.) Wor. (Id. p. 132, after Woronin) a. Habit xl b. x712 c. Section of hymenium x620 d. Germinating spores x620 /(' I \ \^;>^^ yh \ ^ J lb r--^a 1 \; / la 1 1 2a --, -^ 4c .r -ic/- ,;■ ^■^ .•■-, .."! 41) J -r - 5a V^, y ^* t ^-, (Ja- / / 6b 4a 3a 7b 'm-. \ V l()a 11a \ , I 7a 9b ^^f I y 12a u- --X 14c 14li 13a 13b 14a Plate 42 PLATE 43 HYDNACEAE— POLYPORACEAE (a. Pileus xl; b. Section of pileus xl; c. Spores; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Hydnum imbricatum L. (U. S. D. A., Bres., 1902) a. xi^ (Clem. Minn. Mushrooms p. 105) b. Detail of teeth xlO; also x25 2. Hydnochaete badia Bres. (Killermann Nat. Pfl. p. 163) b. Detail of teeth x20 3. Odontia fimbriata Pars. (Id. p. 161) b. Detail of teeth x25 4. Lopharia lirellosa K. & M. (Id. p. 163) b. Detail of teeth xlO c. Spores x500 5. Radulum orbiculare Fr. (Id.) 6. Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) Fr. (Id. p. 204) a. x% c. Basidia and spores x380 (after Brefeld) 7. Strobilomyces strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. (Id, p. 205) .-1/ a. x/2 c. X 1000 8. Polyporus brumalis (Pers.) Fr. (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 1458) 9. Cryptoporus volvatus (Pk.) Shear (U. S. D. A., Flowers no. 13138) 10. Femes officinalis (Fr.) Bres. (Killermann lb. p. 189) b. x% 11. Trametes pini (Bret.) Fr. (Id. p. 195) a. x/ft 12. Daedalea unicolor (Bull.) Fr. (Id. p. 197) ^^^^^^^ lb L'a; ,^ iv,^ f/'k P^ 4b >^" ■''^^^ik^M^^^ 7a . i 4a '"*?*' "'^iV A 6c lOb'^^-'l^l^^i ^i^?^. 11a p. "'l2a Plate 43 PLATE 44 POLYPORACEAE— AGARICACEAE (a. Pileus xl; b. Spores) 1. Merulius tremellosus Schrad. (Killermann Xat. Pfl. p. 171) c. Basidia and cystidia d. Hynienium x35 2. Cyclomyces fuscus Kze. (Id. p. 201) 3. Amanita muscaria (L.) Pers. a. (Clem., Colo.) b. (Ricken Blatterpilze pi. 79) 4. Tricholoma personatum Fr. (Ricken lb. pi. 95) c. Gill attachment of T. flavobrunneum (PI. 88) 5. Lepiota procera (Scop.) Fr. (Id. pi. 83) a. (Clem. Minn. Mushrooms p. 12) c. Basidium of L. excoriata d. Gill attachment of L. cristata (PI. 84) 6. Marasmius rotula (Scop.) Fr. (Id. pi. 25) 7. Cantharellus aurantiacus (Wulf.) Fr. (Killermann lb. p. 249) 8. Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. (Ricken lb. pi. 108) a. (Clem. Minn. Mushrooms pi. 1) c. Gill attachment of C. rancida 9. Trogia crispa (Pers.) Fr. (Killermann lb. p. 249) 10. Schizophyllum commune Fr. (Id. p. 255) b. Lamellae c. Cross-section of same -^-v ^^Si'_ . - V' I .H \ ■ '^:^ ■ft. ■^- \ . 2a s, ■» 1 _ < - .--- ■ < ^ la -v X^ Ic lb 3b t 41) 4a «a 6b • i;- 4c „^- 7a 8c It -^.^^ >^ Hb 9a' 1(1 5e Kk- 8a 5d 3a 5a • f^ lOb ''\ 5b , 1<){| Plate 44 PLATE 45 AGARICACEAE (a. Pileus xl; b. Spores) 1. Flammula flavida (Schaeff.) Fr. (Ricken Bliitterpilzc pi. 58) c. Gill attachment xl 2. Clitopilus prunulus (Scop.) Fr. (Killermann Nat. Pfl. p. 243) 3. Pluteus cervinus (SchaefT.) Fr, (Ricken lb. pi. 71) a. (Clem. Minn. Mushrooms p. 54) c. Cystidium 4. Claudopus variabilis (Pers.) W. G. Smith (Killermann lb. p. 243) 5. Naucoria pediades Fr. (Clem. Minn. Mushrooms p. 67) 6. Agaricus campestris L. (Killermann lb. p. 239) b. Basidium and spores 7. Entoloma rhodopolium Fr. (Ricken lb. pi. 7i) 8. Coprinus comatus Fr. (Killermann lb. p. 22>2) 9. Hypholoma appendiculatum (Bull.) Fr. (Ricken lb. pi. 64) a. (Clem. Alinn. Mushrooms p. 78) c. Cystidium 10. Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Killermann lb. p. 219) 11. Gomphidius viscidus (L.) Fr. (Id. p. 231) a. xi^ Plate 45 PLATE 46 PHALLACEAE (a. Receptacle; b. Spores x750) 1. Dictyophora phalloidea Desv. (Fischer Nat. Pfl. p. 294, after A. Moeller) a. x?^ 2. Aseroe rubra La Bill., forma actinobola (Id. p. 287. after Berkeley) a. ^Yi 3. Simblum sphaerocephalum Schlecht. (Id. p. 284, after Gerard) a. y^Vi 4. Lysurus mokusin (Cib.) Fr. (Id. p. 285, after Cibot) 5. Mutinus caninus (Huds.) Fr. (Hollos Gast. Hung. pi. 1) 6. Colus hirundinosus Cav. & Sech. (Fischer lb. p. 283, after Tulasne) a. xl 7. Dictyobole texensis (Atk. & Long.) (Atkinson Bot. Gaz. 34:43, f. 3) 8. Phallus impudicus L. a. xK' (Fischer lb., p. 293) b. (Hollos lb.) 9. Anthurus muellerianus Kalch. (Lloyd Syn. Phall. p. 42) 10. Clathrus cancellatus L. (Fischer lb. p. 282) ■'''^ r )' , ' ra!*' (/ i ^ :\-; "~?5 '/ la ■ ^1 N 8a 2a \ fi<^/ 3a ^V- 4a m 5a t:. -•^y, ri ^ 7a .'/ 5b 6a V ^' L 8b , / 9a /■" Plate 46 PLATE 47 LYCOPERDACEAE (a. Peridium xl; b. Section of same xl) 1. Gyrophragmium delilei Mont. (Fischer Nat. Pfl. p. 303, after Montagne) b. (From young specimen) 2. Secotium erythrocephalum Tul. (Id. p. 300. after Tulasne) c. Basidium and spores 3. Cauloglossum transversarium (Bosc.) Fr. (Lloyd Myc. Notes pi. 40) 4. Podaxon carcinomalis (L.) Fr. (Fischer lb. p. 332, after Schweinfurth) a. xj^ 5. Geaster pectinatus Pers. (Hollos Gast. Hung. pi. 8, f. 1) 6. Lycoperdum gemmatum Batsch. (Fischer lb. p. 317) 7. Bovista nigrescens Pers. (Hollos lb. pi. 22, f. 42) 8. Broomeia congregata Berk. & Curt. ^ (Fischer lb. p. 323) b. Section of stroma xl (after Murray) c. Spores (after Berkeley) 9. Tylostoma mammosum Fr. (Dried specimen) 10. Pisolithus crassipes DC. (Fischer lb. p. 337) a. x^ 11. Scleroderma vulgare Hornem. (Id. p. 336, after Tulasne) 12. Catastoma circumscissum (B. & C.) Morg. (Id. p. 318, after Morgan) a. Peridium; upper half reversed 13. Mitromyces lutescens Schw. (Lloyd Gen. Gast. pi. 5, f. 30) -^■'-■^^i^''^ 2a \ 2b ,-?H 2c / /i ' 3a ' 4a './ \ \ Ga Sc l«)a Sb <»ji n "^^ -^2 / :: lib 12a 121) i:;;i Plate 4 PLATE 48 HYMENOGASTRACEAE— NIDULARIACEAE (a. Pcridiuni xl; b. Section of pcridium; c. Basidia and spores; 1. Macowanites agaricinus Kalchbr. (Fischer Nat. Pfl. p. 30(1) a. (After Kalchbrenner) 2. Hymenogaster tener Berk. (Id. p. 309, after Tulasnc) b. x3'; c. x456 3. Gautieria morchellaeformis Vitt. (Id. p. 304, after \'ittadini) 4. Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. (Id. p. 311, after Tulasne) b. xl4 5. Hysterangium clathroides Vitt. (Id. p. 30.^) b. x2 c. (After Tulasne) 6. Nidularia australis Tul. (Id. p. 326) 7. Cyathus striatus (Huds.) Hofifm. (Id. p. 328) a. (Hollos FunjT. Hung. pi. 2S, f. 7); detail (after Tulasne) 8. Crucibulum vulgare Tul. (Id. p. 327) 9. Nidula Candida (Pk.) White (Lloyd Myc. Notes pi. 103) 10. Sphaerobolus stellatus Tode (Fischer lb. p. 345) a. x4 b. x60 c. xl200 3b ~ ^ ^ -- -^ r' '.^ ;•■ - Y Oa 71) t>l) r^ V-, Yff'; , /ar- 7ii ' > ^^ Sa l()a . /^ ', !)a lOc ■>/ r- ^ ^ loi) Plate 48 PLATE 49 PHOMACEAE (a. Habit x5, represented in moist condition; b. Basidia and conidia xSOO; c. Pycnidium or section of pycnidia; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Phyllosticta convallariae Pers. (Tranz. & Sereb. Myc. Ross. no. 280) c. xlOO 2. Phomopsis oncostoma (Thuem.) Hoehn. (U. S. D A., Herb. Bres., 1889) 3. Phoma herbarum West (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 1841) 4. Dendrophoma pleurospora Sacc. a. (Syd. Myc. Germ. no. 265) b. (Sacc. Fung. Ital. no. 14.51) c. x25 (Id.) 5. Crocicreas gramineum Fr. (Fkl. Fung. Rhcn. no. 548) 6. Sphaeronema aquaticum Jacz. b. xlOOO (U. S. D. A., Bates no. 2663) c. (Lind. Nat. Pfl. p. 356, after Jaczewski) 7. Neottiospora arenaria Syd. (Syd. lb. no. 1124) 8. Vermicularia dematium (Pers.) Fr. (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 2286) a. xlO c. xlOO 9. Dothiorella gregaria Sacc. (Cav. Fung. Long. Exs. no. 138) c. x25 10. Rabenhorstia tiliae Fr. (E. & E. N. A. Fung. no. 2522) c. xl5 (Tulasne Sel. Fung. Carp. pi. 19, f. 13) 11. Cytospora leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc. (Syd. lb. no. 1126) b. xlOOO c. xlO 12. Harknessia eucalypti Cke. (Ellis N. A. Fung. no. 633) a. xlO c. x50 13. Coniothyrium fuckeli Sacc. (Petr. Fl. Bohem. no. 1913) b. xlOOO c. (Sacc. lb. no. 1179) 14. Sphaeropsis malorum Pk. (Cornell Exp. Sta. no. 2536) c. x30 15. Chaetomella atra Fkl. (Fkl. lb. no. 1572) c. x50 16. Haplosporella chlorostroma Speg. (U. S. D. A., Barth. no. 1276) c. x50 17. Ascochyta pisi Lib. (Lib. PI. Crypt. Ard. no. 59) 18. Diplodina salicis West (U. S. D. A., Pammel, 1886) c. x30 19. Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast. (Tranz. & Sereb. lb. no 233) lb la m- hi 4a (^ 4b oa 4c • ' '7/- 8c »b Sa m "? r>. lie s -: / lib lla 12c \ 14c t f 141 I M) 14a ^ % ^ ^ ^ li'm 3b 2b 2a /■ i ♦ 3a Oh 7lj tie i x^ 5b » » ■> « * » * x^ '.<>> '>^ ^^ 7a r> ■ t-1 Khi \ /\ Krtiv t)(' 1^ © 12a \,' \ l.Sa "N A ■\ ' .ill %n 15a \iJ-^^, " \ > ITa 17b l.-k- IS a ^3- -' IHb 1,S<' ..^ lOh J. ' J'M Plate 49 PLATE 50 PHOMACEAE— ZYTHIACEAE (a. Habit x5, represented in moist condition; b. Pycnidia or section of same; c. Basidia and conidia .x500; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Chaetodiplodia caulina Karst. (All. & Schn. Fung. Bav. no. 365) b. x50 2. Diplodia mutila Fr. & Mont. (Sacc. Mvc. Ven. no. 339) b. x30 3. Kellermannia yuccaegena E. & E. (U. S. D. .\., Cockerell, Colo. 1889) b. xlO 4. Stasonospora subseriata (Desm.) Sacc. (Kricg. Fung. Sax. no. 1797) b. x50 5. Hendersonia sarmentorum Fr. (Kab. & Bjub. Fung. Imp. Exs. no. 817) b. x50 6. Prosthemium betulinum Kze. (Petr. Fung. Pol. Exs. no. 506) c. x200 7. Camarosporium quaternatum (Hazsl.) Sacc. (Kab. & Bub. lb. no. 16) b. xl5 8. Dichomera saubineti (Mont.) Cke. (Petr. lb. no. 370) b. Section of stroma x25 9. Septoria urticae Desm. & Rob. (Krieg. lb. no. 1648) a. xl b. xlOO 10. Rhabdospora herbarum (Fr.) Sacc. (U. S. D. A., Diehl, no. 6410) b. x50 11. Phlyctaena vagabunda Desm. (Krieg. lb. no. 1795) b. x25 12. Cytosporina ludibunda Sacc. (Sacc. lb. no. 940) 13. Zythia resinae (Ehrenb.) Karst. (Krieg. lb. no. 2151) c. xlOOO 14. Aschersonia tahitensis Mont. (Lind. Nat. Pfl. p. 384, after Montagne) a. Habit xl b. Stroma from above and section of same xl6 d. Conidium xlOOO 15. Diplozythia scolecospora Bub. (Kab. & Bub. Fung. Imp. Exs. no. 278) a. xl b. x5 16. Polystigmina rubra (Desm.) Sacc. (All. & Schn. lb. no. 378) a. xl b. x25 17. Sirocyphis nivea Clem. (Clem. Minn. Bot. Stud. 4:188) a. x20 b. Hair x500 c. Chain of conidia x500; separate conidia xlGOO 18. Verrucaster lichenicola Tobler (Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 21:364) a. x2 b. Stroma and pycnidia xl2 c. xlCOO cd HIi rj A « • « © * 2a 2b « > fj 3c 5b 3a <'.. - 3 ■l^' 4;l 4b 4c 5a 6c 7a * 9 :^v^3=- 7b • 1(H> Khi lOc 11a O n 13a i-\ ^ ■1 V ^' i \ ^WWl "■■:i/ ( J:U^U l(5a\\ 16b Plate 50 PLATE 51 LEPTOSTROMACEAE— DISCELLACEAE— MELANCONIACEAE (a. Habit x5; b. Pycnidia x30, in wet condition; c. Conidia x500; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Leptostroma scirpinum Fr. (U. S. D. A.) 2. Leptothyrium lunariae Kze. & Schm. (Krieg. Fung. Sax. no. 948) 3. Melasmia acerina Lev. (All. & Schn. Fung. Bav. no. 379) a. xl b. x5 4. Kabatia latemarensis Bub. (Kab. & Bub. Fung. Imp. Exs. no. 180) a. xl 5. Discosia artocreas (Tode) Fr. (Pctr. Fung. Pol. Exs. no. 41) a. xl 6. Entomosporium maculatum Lev. (U. S. D. A., New Jersey, 1924) 7. Actinothyrium graminis Kze. (Syd. Myc. Germ. no. 1719) 8. Leptostromella hysteroides (Fr.) Sacc. (Krieg. lb. no. 1892) 9. Dinemasporium gramineum Lev. (E. & E. N. A. Fung. no. 3465) 10. Heteropatella lacera Fkl. (Fkl. Herb. Barb. Bois. no. 2441) 11. Dothichiza populea Sacc. & Br. (Krieg. lb. no. 1100) b. Section of pycnidium (Br. & Cav. Fung. Par. no. 44.^ ) d. Basidia and conidia (Id.) 12. Discella carbonacea (Fr.) Berk. & Br. (Kab. & Bub. lb. no. 476) b. x5 13. Psilospora faginea Rav. (U. S. D. A.) 14. Protostegia magnoliae Rav. (Rav. Fung. Am. Exs. no. 696) 15. Gloeosporium ribis (Lib.) Mont. (Br. & Cav. lb. no. 222) b. Section of acevvulus 16. Pestaloziella subsessilis S. & E. (Ellis N. A. Fung. no. 1223) a. xl; detail of spot x5 » •• '?' -1 la Ic 4a 1. 4c ft .x^JW/A i-*s^> 7a 7b (J O * lOa Vv lOb tl '10c .. CO C> -.O o 141) 0 O 2c 3 3c % 'm 2a '» • 5a 3a 5c 3 ^ - ; * 6c 3b / Ga 5b 7c |9 I ^ 9a 8c 8a 12c > '.0,' \J ^ 12I» 12a 11a lie 11(1 nil 15a ,'v./ 15c 14c ^,--(^c^^'<2(S'. O ^ > J .:ji '*. u I 3a #1 ^ na >J) V' 1 :> lb 3b r' f9^ ■^ ) \ t 'I > 2a 4c V^ 7a 4a T3« u ' 3 ■y 7b I- 2b 5b ,.-!•;-. "I 5a 8a \ Sc ^ 9e .^x'^x.,^^ X Sb >> 9a 9b C^ i;k- -4' *V^^ /) ;» ll') ' <^_ -1 ■ lOa ' 101) r V, .\' lla lib T^' j- 4^- •«?* ^J 12a 12b l.'ia , I 1 ■ "i , ', -i' -.^ •- 18b Plate 52 PLATE 53 MONILIACEAE (a. Conidiophores and conidia; b. Details of sanic more hicrhly mat^nified; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Chromosporium viride Cda. (Sacc. M\c. \^cn. !io. 3166) a. x500 2. Microstroma juglandis (Bereng.) Sacc. ru. S. D. A.) a. Conidia from the side and top x300 b. Conidiophores and conidia xlOOO 3. Glomerularia corni Pk. (U. S. D. A., Laniijlois) a. x400 4. Fusidium carneolum Sacc. (Sacc. Fung. Ital. f. 2>7) 5. Monilia fructigena Pers. (Ilr. & Cav. Funi;. I'ar. no. 182) a. x2n0 b. x500 6. Oidium erysiphoides Fr. (Id. no. 41) a. x200 b. x500 7. Rhopalomyces elegans Cda. (Corda Trachtfl. pi. 2) 8. Hyalopus mycophilus Cda. (Corda Icon. Fung. 1:267) 9. Haplotrichum capitatum Lk. (Id. 1:265) 10. Botryosporium pulchrum Cda. (U. S. D. A., Herb. III. Tavlor) a. xl20 c. Clusters of conidia d. Conidia xSOO 11. Haplaria grisea Lk. (Lind. Nat. Pfl. p. 433, after Saccardo) 12. Amblyosporium botrytis Fres. (Sacc. Fung. Ital. f. 708) 13. Penicillium expansum Lk. (Thorn. U. S. D. A. Bull. 118, f. 1) 14. Rhinotrichum repens Preuss (Lind. lb., after I'reuss) CtrdO la :^h\' ^h^i i / V 2a 2b \ 5b [ >\ n 1 f1 6b 1 X^-,^ t:- ; 5a ^■ %} \\ 8u '■A > 03 8b 9a I «1 ■ ,1 ( < y, 1 - T, -» 9b \ V^'^ i ■V ^ 13a CiiJ-f^y^. ^ ^/.V .::^'- lla •^, "^ *% "S 12a J J y-X-y ' 14a Plate 53 PLATE 54 MONILIACEAE (a. Conidiophorcs and conidia) 1. Acremonium alternatum Lk. (Lind. Xat. Pfl. p. 433, after Saccardo) 2. Monosporium spinosum Bon. (Sacc. Fung. Ital. f. R69) 3. Sporotrichum roseum Lk. (Id. f. 747) 4. Botrytis cinerea Pers. (Id. f. 699) 5. Acrostalagmus cinnabarinus Cda. (Corda Icon. 2:66) b. Tip of branch witli conidiuiii c. Branch with drop of niucilate and conidia 6. Asterophora agaricicola Cda. (Id. 4:24) 7. Mycogone rosea Lk. (Sacc. lb. f. 867) 8. Verticillium agaricinum (Lk.) Cda. (Corda lb. 2:68) 9. Helicomyces roseus Lk. (Sacc. lb. f. 813) 10. Titaea callispora Sacc. (Id. f. 1) 11. Ramularia urticae Ces. (Id. f. 992) 12. Blastotrichum confervoides Cda. (Corda lb. 2:50) 13. Cephalothecium roseum Cda. (Id. 2:62) 14. Arthrobotrys superba Cda. (Corda Prachtfi. pi. 21) 15. Gonatobotrys simplex Cda. (Id. pi. 5) p "^ n I ) :/ la i) \ 4a a ■3„,^>-- a .1-', ~o^. ^ 'p*'^ I . V ^i 9 / ,"0jy".|4/,A^ ; ^-^ \ > ) . ^ 7 7a Plate 54 PLATE 55 DEMATIACEAE (a. Conidiophores and conidia) 1. Coniosporium apiosporiodes Sacc. (Sacc. Fung. Ital. no. 732) 2. Torula herbarum Lk. (Id. f. 930) 3. Echinobotryum atrum Cda. (Corda Icon. 3:6) 4. Stachobotrys atra Cda. (Id. 1:278) 5. Arthrinium curvatum (K. & S.) Hoehn. (Id. 3:17) 6. Zygodesmus fuscus Cda. (Id. 4:81) 7. Streptothrix fusca Cda. (Corda Prachtfl. pi. 13) 8. Gonatobotryum fuscum Sacc. (Sacc. lb. f. 48) 9. Mesobotrys fusca (Cda.) Sacc. (Corda Icon. 1:243) 10. Hormodendrum olivaceum (Cda.) Bon. (Id. 3:35) 11. Ceratocladium microspermum Cda. (Corda Prachtfl. pi. 20) a. Conidiophore with terminal appenda.ces b. Portion of condiophore showing basidia c. Basidium and conidia 12. Glenospora curtisi B. & Desm. (Sacc. lb. f. 792) 13. Sarcopodium fuscum (Cda.) Sacc. (Corda Icon. .5:20) 14. Hadrotrichum phragmites Fkl. (Sacc. lb. f. 796) t ^ V J 4a K/ /' .4' X- p ] 6a ^^ 8a -^ '}^ 7a a 11a \ rx . V. \-k^ 12a f US' ^ 15a ! .^ l.ia '«»• 14a / ^ -I K'.a Plate 56 PLATE 57 DEMATIACEAE— STILBACEAE (a. Conidiopliore and conidia: nos. 1-4; synnema in addition: nos. 5-12) 1. Helicosporium pulvinatum (Nees) Fr. (Sacc. Fung. Ital. f. 811) 2. Triposporium elegans Cda. (Corda Icon. 1:220) 3. Alternaria tenuis Nees (Sacc. lb. f. 737) 4. Sarcinella heterospora Sacc. (Id. f. 126) a. Condiophore with both falcate and sarciniform conidia 5. Atractium albicans (Sacc.) Hoehn. (Id. f. 10) 6. Sporocybe byssoides (Pers.) Bon. (Id. f. 941) 7. Coremium glaucum Fr. (Corda Prachtfl. pi. 25) a. Different forms of the synnema b. Group of condiophores with chains of conidia c. Conidia 8. Gibellula pulchra Cav. (Sacc. lb. f. 46) b. Details 9. Riessia semiophora Fres. _(Fres. Beitr. Myk. pi. 9) b. Top and side views of conidia 10. Ciliciopus sanguineus Cda. (Corda Icon. 4:91) 11. Stysanus stemonites (Pers.) Cda. (Id. 1:283) 12. Isaria farinosa (Dicks.) Fr, (Tulasne Sel. Fung. Carp. pi. 1) a. xl b. Detail x380 VC "N, la -X vv. ^ -— y \ X :')a 'Vx ^ i. 2a 4a oa 7c Sa 81) c 5a ; vv il ;-*.<^ '-^ « •* 11a ^.3 o ' 9 -> ''?»%: ' r 9a 12a 121) Plate 57 PLATE 58 TUBERCULARIACEAE (a. Sporodocliinm ; b. Conidiophores and conidia; except as otherwise indicated) 1. Tubercularia vulgaris Tode (Petr. Fl. Bohem. no. 392) a. x5 b. x500 2. Tuberculina persicina Sacc. (Sacc. Fung. Ital. f. 964) 3. Dendrodochium aurantiacum Bon. (Id. f. 771) 4. Cylindrocolla urticae (Pers.) Bon. (Corda Icon. 2:113) 5. Periola hirsuta (Schum.) Fr. (Id. 2:106) a. Portion of sporodochium b. Chains of conidia 6. Volutella ciliata (A. & S.) Fr. (Sacc. lb. f. 729) a. Side and top views 7. Fusarium roseum Lk. Corda lb. 1 :55) 8. Cosmariospora bizzozeriana Sacc. (Sacc. lb. f. 769) 9. Chaetostroma atrum Sacc. (Id. f. 752) 10. Strumella olivatra Sacc. (Id. f. 79) a. Hyphae 11. Bactridium flavum Kze. (Id. f. 767) 12. Epicoccum nigrum Lk. (Id. f. 1218) 13. Exosporium melampsoroides Sacc. (Sacc. lb. f. Ill) a. Section of sporodochium O J ^ 2b :!1) la lh ija '. X\ ni) ■^■^ J C,i\ ()it 4b . -v •i ^ ;— ' sa M) ;);i -^: ^ \ n \ '% ■\ lib ^ 11a I -'a ,^y loa V ,v t \\ vv,. •-■Tti- IMa i:!b Plate 58 ,: