mSSBm

UC-NRLF

B 3 371 53b

THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

PRESENTED BY

PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID

GEODEPHAGA BRITANNICA

GEODEPHAGA BRITANNICA.

A MONOGRAPH

OF THE

CARNIVOROUS GROUND-BEETLES

INDIGENOUS TO THE

BRITISH ISLES.

BY

JOHN FREDERIC DAWSON, LL.B.

LONDON:

JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW. 1854.

PRINTED BY TAYLOK AND FBANCIS,

BED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.

IN consequence of a suggestion made to me by several of my entomological friends and correspondents, I have been induced to undertake, and at length to publish, a specific arrangement of the Carnivorous Ground-Beetles indigenous to the British Isles, a group to which I have paid much attention. No small amount of confusion appears to have existed in their nomenclature, which has arisen from the circumstance of an undue importance having been assigned to varieties, differing merely in size and colour, which have either been formed into imaginary species, or have been mistaken for others which have never been found in Britain, the result of which has been that the total amount of actual species has been considerably overrated.

In order, if possible, to place their nomenclature and synonymy on a more satisfactory footing, I applied myself to a careful examination and comparison of the various- species contained in all the public and private collections to which I could gain access, especially in those of Messrs. Curtis and Stephens, those of the British Museum, of the Linnsean Society, and the Kirbian collections of the Entomological Society, by which means I have been enabled to arrive at a tolerably correct estimate of their actual value in point of numbers. Some of my more distant corre- spondents have likewise sent me their entire collections of Carabi- deous insects for examination, among which I may mention the late Rev. Mr. Rudd's specimens in the Museum of the York Philoso- phical Institution. The original examples on which Mr. Waterhouse founded the details of his Monograph on the British Notiophili,

M368582

VI PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.

which was published some years ago in the Entomological Magazine, I have likewise had an opportunity of examining, and have the satisfaction of being able to state on his authority, that the opinion which he at that time entertained with regard to their supposed specific differences has since become materially modified, and does not now differ in any important particular from those which I have advanced respecting them. I have been enabled, moreover, through the attention of others, and especially through the facilities kindly afforded by M. Javet in his periodical visits to this country, to compare with conti- nental types several of our more obscure and doubtful forms, all which has tended materially to facilitate my object. To my obliging correspondent, M. Jacquelin-Duval, I am particularly indebted for the careful consideration which he bestowed on my collection of indigenous Bembidia, types of which he had in his possession during the period in which he was engaged in preparing his Monograph ' De Bembidiis Europseis ' ; and which were returned to me accompanied by much useful information.

Some important notes on a portion of the Carabida contained in Mr. Stephen s's cabinet were made by Dr. Schaum, during his first visit to England in 1846, which were communicated to me at that time and subsequently published in the Stettin Transac- tions, of which a translation appeared more recently in the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History ' : to the general accuracy of those notes I am enabled to bear testimony ; and to the kindness with which Mr. Stephens afforded me every facility at all times for making myself thoroughly acquainted with the contents of his cabinet, I have been indebted for the means of identifying the species and correcting their arrangement*.

I have been unwilling to reject any reputed indigenous species which I felt that I could reasonably retain, and yet, after full consideration, have been compelled to reduce their aggregate amount very considerably, either because many of them are evidently varieties of others, or because no sufficiently conclusive evidence exists to warrant their retention in the British Fauna. In the subfamily Bembidides, particularly, I have been compelled to reject about two-fifths as mere varieties or immature examples,

* Since Mr. Stephens's death his collections have become the property of the nation, and are now in the British Museum.

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. Vll

which may satisfactorily be resolved into some one or other of the remainder. Equally unwilling have I been to record any as novel, until I had failed to procure its recognition. Of the several species described in this work as new, all have been sub- mitted to the opinion of continental entomologists, with one or two exceptions, and returned as unknown; and whether the latter may ultimately prove to have been undescribed or not, I have thought it better to introduce them as species which are undoubtedly indigenous, than to pass them over without notice.

As an additional aid in determining the differences between certain closely allied species, some outlines are added represent- ing those external parts of the insects in which the most material distinctions of character are to be found, which, as well as the dissections, and the entire figures of newly introduced species, have been carefully delineated by Mr. Westwood from typical examples.

I have confined my citations to a few only of the principal authorities, in preference to extending them, as I conceived un- necessarily, beyond the limits of what was requisite to identify the species. The references given to Mr. Stephens' s works of those reputed British Carabida, of which no indigenous examples exist in any collection (and of which the supposed representatives contained in his cabinet must unquestionably be referred to other species), are to be considered as applicable to those supposed representa- tives, and not to the actual species of the authors, whose names he has assigned to them, except where it is otherwise stated : but this remark does not apply to those veritable species of continental authors, which are correctly designated by Mr. Ste- phens as British, because in some instances the descriptions given by our English author apply to the actual species whose names he has affixed to those descriptions, rather than to their supposed representatives contained in his collection. The reputed British species, above alluded to, will be found noticed under the respective heads to which they really belong, and need not here be enumerated : but besides these, there are a few others (not to mention such exotic insects whose claim to admission into the British Fauna has long been abandoned) which are not noticed in the body of this work, and of which no sufficiently

Vlll PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.

authenticated examples exist in any collection, which may as well be here disposed of.

Lebia ephippium, Steph. Manual, App. p. 433. Doubtless imported.

Carabus agrestis, Creutz., et Lippii, Dahl. Said to have been found in Lincolnshire.

Nebria picicornis, Fab. Stated to have been captured by the Rev. F. W. Hope in Longmont Forest. Its natural habitat is on the muddy banks of rivers and lakes, and the locality in which it is reputed to have been found is so widely different from those which it naturally affects, that I am inclined to suspect it has been introduced into the British Fauna by mistake.

Helobia impressa, Newm. I have not seen this insect ; it pro- bably belongs to Nebria nivalis.

Licinus cassideus, Fab. Not indigenous ; a specimen is reputed to have been found at Aldborough.

Epomis circumscriptus, Dufts. Not British ; it is represented in the Stephensian cabinet by two Chlcenii from the Cape, as stated by Dr. Schaum in the ' Stettin Transactions.' Sogines punctulatus, 111. Cophosus elongatus, Sam. Pterostichus fasciopunctatus, Fab.

Panzeri, Meg.

Cheporus metallicus, Fab. Agonum Bogemanni, Gyll. Amara municipalis, Dufts. Zabrus obesus, Latr. Pangus Scaritides, Sturm. Peryphus Fellmanni, Gyll. Lopha nana, Steph.

No example exists in any British Collection to represent the above species.

Although the present work has been undertaken merely with the view of furnishing a descriptive arrangement of the species of Geodephagous insects indigenous to the British Isles, yet it will be proper to offer some remarks on the Generic arrangement which I have employed, inasmuch as it differs from that which is ordinarily received by English entomologists.

It is evident that the principle upon which the Brachinida, Scaritida, Harpalidte, and Bembididte have been erected into distinct families, and placed upon a footing of equal importance

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. IX

with the Cicindelida and Carabida, cannot be maintained, but that the most consistent and natural division will be found in Latreille's two grand families Cicindeletes and Carabici, which arrangement I have accordingly resumed under the terms Cicin- delidce and Carabida, the distinctive characters of which will be found stated ; and I have furthermore divided the latter into five groups or subfamilies, according to the plan set forth by Mr. Westwood in his ' Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects/ with this difference however, that I have transposed the third and fourth groups, considering it more desirable that the Harpalides should immediately precede the Bembidides ; and the natural transition from Trechus to Bembidium be maintained through the intimate affinities which subsist between those remarkable insects Aepys* marinus, Blemus areolatus, Lymnceum nigropiceum, and Cillenus lateralis ; and I have placed Pelophila and the Elaphridea in their natural juxtaposition with Nebria, though by so doing, the foreign genus Homophron is further removed from the Hydrocantharides, to which at first view, and judging merely from its external structure, it would seem to be more nearly allied than it really is : in this arrangement I have consequently followed, under certain modifications, Dejean, Erichson, Heer, Redtenbacher, and in fact most of the continental entomologists.

The first group (Brachinides) comprises all the genera which were comprehended in the family Brachinidte of MacLeay and Stephens; and corresponds with Dejean' s subfamily Truncati- pennes, or Ground-Beetles with the apex of their elytra truncate and not quite covering the abdomen ; these also have the anterior tibiae notched within before the apex and the anterior tarsi in the <J rarely dilated.

The second group (Scaritides) corresponds with the Scaritides of Dejean and the family Scaritides of MacLeay and Stephens, and comprises insects of a very remarkable form, being usually elongate and cylindrical, with their abdomen remote from the thorax with which it is connected by a narrow collar or neck ; these have their elytra entire ; their anterior tibise deeply notched within and generally expanded or palmated externally; the anterior tarsi being simple in both sexes.

* Properly Aepys, aifrvs altus pro profundus.

X PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.

The third group (Car abides) corresponds with the Simplicipedes of Dejean, and comprises the Carabida of MacLeay and Stephens and iheElaphrida of Stephens (Carabini andElaphrini, Erichson). These have the elytra also entire ; the anterior tibiae entire and not notched; the anterior tarsi being more or less dilated in the 8.

The fourth group (Harpalides) comprehends the Patellimanes, Feroniens and Harpaliens of Dejean, and corresponds with the HarpalidcR of MacLeay and Stephens; they have the elytra entire or very slightly emarginate before the apex ; the anterior tibiae notched within ; and the anterior tarsi of the <? with from two to four joints at the base more or less considerably dilated, in some genera the intermediate tarsi being likewise dilated.

The fifth group (Bembidides) comprises the insects assigned by Dejean to his group Subulipalpes, with the exception of the genus Trechus (Blemus, Steph.), and corresponds with the Bembidiida of Stephens. The insects which compose this group have their elytra entire ; the anterior tibiae notched within ; and the anterior tarsi of the c? with usually two joints dilated.

The generic characters employed in this work are chiefly borrowed and adopted from Erichson and Heer, or based upon Mr. Curtis's admirable dissections. The modern subdivisions of genera having proved unsatisfactory, being sometimes founded on almost imaginary differences, at any rate far from constant, are altogether rejected, and I have merely inserted the names of the subgenera in brackets for the convenience of those English entomologists who have been most accustomed to Stephens's arrangement, without meaning to attach to them any importance otherwise.

The Woodlands, April 6, 1854.

REFERENCES TO AUTHORS.

Ahrens, Archiv. Ahrens : Thon's Entomologisches Archiv. 1830.

Faun. Eur. Fauna Insectorum Europse. Ahrens et Germar.

1812, &c.

Babington, Ent. Trans. C. C. Babington in the Entomological Transactions, vol. i.

Bonelli, Obs. Ent. Bonelli, Observations Entomologiques. 1809.

Brull. Nat. Hist. Histoire-naturelle des Insectes, par MM. Audouin et Brulle. (Coleopteres.) 1834, &c.

Chaudoir, Carab. Carabiques de Crimee. Supplement to Enume- ration des Carabiques et des Hydrocanthares du Caucase, par M. deChaudoir. 1846.

Clairv. Ent. Helv. Entomologie Helvetique, ou Catalogue des In- sectes de la Suisse. 1798-1806.

Creutz. Ent. Ver. Creutzer, Entomologische Versuche. 1/99. Curtis, Ent. British Entomology, by J. Curtis. 1824, &c.

- Guide. Guide to an Arrangement of British Insects, by J. Curtis. 1838.

Davis, London's Mag. N. H. Davis in London's Magazine of Na- tural History, vol. v.

Dawson, Ann. Nat. Hist. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera, by J. F. Dawson, in the Annals of Natural History, vol. iii. (2nd Series) 1849.

De Geer, Ins. Mernoires pour servir a 1'Histoire des Insectes, imr DeGeer.

Dej. Cat. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. 1837.

XIV REFERENCES TO AUTHORS.

Schrank. En. Enumeratio Insectorum Austriae indigenarum. Schrank. 1781.

Scop. Ent. Cam. Scopoli, Entomologia Carniolica. 1763.

Steph. Mand. Illustrations of British Entomology. Mandibulata. By J. F. Stephens. 1827-1835.

Steph. Manual. A Manual of British Coleoptera, by J. F. Stephens. 1839.

Strom. Act. Hafn. Norske Insecters beskrivelse med anmarkninge af H. Strom. Nye Saml. Danske Viden. Selsk. Skrift. ii. (1783.)

Sturm, D. F. Deutschlands Fauna. Kafer, von Jacob Sturm. 1805-1839.

Thunb. Nov. Spec. Dissertatio Entomologica novas Insectorum species sistens, &c., by C. P. Thunberg. Upsal, 1784.

Fillers, Linn. Ent. Caroli Linnsei Entomologia, Faunae Suecicse descriptionibus aucta Scopoli, Geoffrey, DeGeer, &c., curante et augente C. de Villers. 1789.

Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. Monographia Notiophilon Anglise, by G. R. Waterhouse, published in the Entomological Magazine, vol. i. 1833.

Wesmael, Bull. Acad. Wesmael, dans le Bulletin de 1' Academic Royale des Sciences de Bruxelles. 1835.

Zimm. Gist. Faun. Monograph on Amara, in Gistl's Faunus. 1st band, 1st heft. Munchen, 1832, by Zimmermann.

TABULA

FAMILIARUM GENERUM AC SPECIERUM.

V.

Page

I. CICINDELID^E.

1

3. agilis 4. quadrimaculatus

CICINDELA

1

5. quadrinotatus

1.

sylvatica

1

6. quadrisignatus

2.

hybrida

2

7. sigma

3.

maritima

3

8. fasciatus

4.

catnpestris

3

9. melanocephalus

5.

germanica

3

10. glabratus

11. truncatellus

II. CARABID^:.

4

12. foveolus

(1. Brachinides] DRYPTA

4 4

13. obscuro-guttatus 14. quadrillum

1.

emarginata

4

LEBIA

ODACANTHA

5

1. crux minor 2. turcica

1.

melanura

5

3. haBmorrhoidalis

1. 2. 3.

DEMETRIAS imperialis atricapilla unipunctata

5 6 6

7

(Lamprias)

4. cyanocephala 5. chlorocephala

DROMIUS

7

BRACHINUS

L

longiceps

7

1. crepitans

2.

linearis

8

2. Sclopeta

Page 8 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15

16

17

17 18

18

19 19

19

20 20

XVI

TARUS

1. humeralis

2. axillaris

3. vaporariorum

POLYSTICHUS 1. fasciolatus

(2. Scaritides] CLIVINA

1. fossor

2. collaris

DYSCHIRIUS

1. inermis

2. nitidus

3. politus

4. salinus

5. obscurus

6. irnpunctipennis

7. thoracicus

8. jej anus

9. seneus 10. globosus

(3. Carabides]

CYCHRUS 1. rostratus

CARABUS

1. intricatus

2. catenulatus

3. monilis

4. arvensis

5. granulatus

6. cancellatus

7. clathratus

8. auratus

9. nitens

10. violaceus

11. con vex us

12. glabratus

13. nemoralis

Page

Page

21

CALOSOMA

41

21

1. Sycophanta

42

22

2. inquisitor

42

23

LEISTUS

43

24

1. spinibarbis

43

24

2. fulvibarbis

44

3. montanus

44

24

4. ferrugineus

45

24

5. rufescens

45

24

NEBRIA

46

25

1. complanata

46

25

2. livida

47

26

(Helobia]

47

26

3. brevicollis

47

27

4. nivalis

48

28 29

(Pelophila)

49

29

5. borealis

49

30 31

ELAPHRUS

50

t-J J.

31

1. uliginosus

50

32

2. cupreus

51

*_JrfW

3. Lapponicus

51

33

4. riparius

52

33

(Blethisa)

53

33

5. multipunctatus

53

34

NOTIOPHILUS

53

34

1. aquaticus

54

35

2. palustris

54

35

3. rufipes

55

36

4. semipunctatus

55

37

5. quadripunctatus

57

37

38

(4. Harpalides)

57

38

LORICERA

57

39 39

1. pilicornis

58

40

PANAG^US

58

40

1. crux major

58

41

2. quadripustulatus

59

xvn

Page

Page

BADISTER

59

7.

micropterus

78

1.

bipustulatus

60

8.

nubigena

79

2.

unipustulatus

60

SYNUCHUS

80

(Trimorphus)

61

1.

vivalis

80

3.

4.

peltatus humeralis

61 61

ANCHOMENUS

81

LICINUS

62

(Platynus)

81

1.

depressus

62

1.

junceus

81

2.

Silphoides

63

(Anchomenus)

OODES

63

2.

livens

82

1.

Helopioides

64

3.

4.

dorsalis pallipes

83

83

CHKENIUS

64

5.

oblongus

84

1. 2.

sulcicollis holosericeus

64 65

(Agonum)

84

3. 4. 5.

nigricornis agrorum vestitus

66 67 67

6.

7. 8. 9.

marginatus sexpunctatus modestus fulgens

84 85 86 87

CALLISTUS

68

10.

Isevis

87

i.

luuatus

68

11.

viduus

88

12.

moestus

89

POGONUS

69

13.

atratus

89

1.

luridipennis

69

14.

fuliginosus

90

2.

chalceus

70

15.

eracilis

91

3.

littoralis

70

16.

o t

scitulus

91

PATROBUS

71

17.

micans

92

1. 2.

excavatus septentrionis

72

72

18. 19. 20.

piceus pelidnus Thoreyi

92 93 94

PRISTONYCHUS

73

21.

quadripunctatus

95

1.

terricola

73

OLISTHOPUS

95

SPHODRTJS

73

1.

rotundatus

95

1.

leucophthalmus

74

PTEROSTICHUS

96

CALATHUS

74

(Poedlus)

97

1. 2.

piceus Cisteloides

74 75

1. 2.

cupreus dimidiatus

97 97

3.

flavipes

75

3.

lepidus

98

4.

fuscus

76

IT

5.

mollis

77

(Abax)

99

6.

melanocephalus

77

4.

striola b

99

XV111

V

Page

Page

(Pterostichus)

100

3. acuminata

118

5. niger

100

4. trivialis

119

6. parumpunctatus (Platysmd)

100 101

5. spreta 6. vulgaris 7. communis

119 120 121

7. oblongo-punctatus

101

8. curta

121

(Adelosid)

102

9. familiaris 10. lucida

122 122

8. picimanus

102

11. tibialis

123

(Steropus) 9. madidus

103 103

12. strenua 13. plebeia

124 124

10. ^Ethiops

103

(Celia)

125

(Omaseus)

104

14. ingenua

125

11. aterrimus

104

15. oricalcica

125

12. Orinomus

105

(Acrodori)

126

13. melanarius 14. nigrita

106 106

16. brunnea

126

15. anthracinus

107

(Percosia)

127

16. gracilis 17. minor

107 108

17. patricia

127

(Argutor) 18. verualis 19. insequalis 20. erythropus

109 109 110 110

(Bradytus)

18. consularis 19. apricaria 20. fulva

127

127 128 129

21. strenuus

111

(Curtonotus)

129

(Platyderus)

112

21. spinipes 22. convexiuscula

129 130

22. ruficollis

112

ANISODACTYLUS

131

STOMIS

113

1. binotatus

131

1. pumicatus

113

2. pceciloides

131

BROSCUS

113

DIACHROMUS

132

1. cephalotes

114

1. germanus

132

MISCODERA

115

HARPALUS

333

1. arctica

115

( Ophonus]

133

ZABRUS

115

1. sabulicola

133

1B

T T f*

2. obscurus

134

. piger

116

3. azureus

134

AMARA

116

4. punctatulus

135

1. obsoleta

117

5. cordatus

136

2. similata

118

6. rupicola

136

XIX

Page

7. puncticollis

137

2. cognatus

8. cribellum

138

3. fulvus

9. pubescens

138

4. collaris

10. obsoletus

139

5. similis

(Harpalus)

139

TRECHUS

11. ruficornis

139

1. discus

12. seneus

140

„ 2. micros

13. honestus

141

3. longicornis

14. sulphuripes

141

4. rubens

15. cuniculinus

142

5. lapidosus

16. luteicornis

143

6. incilis

17. attenuatus

143

7. minutus

18. atricornis

144

19. Wollastoni

144

(Epaphius)

20. discoideus

145

8. secalis

21. fulvipes

146

AEPYS

22. rubripes

147

1. marinus

23. cupreus 24. depressus

148 148

2. Robinii

25. tardus 26. melancholicus 27. serripes

149 150 150

(5. Bembidides) BLEMUS

28. anxius

151

1. areolatus

29. neglectus 30. vernalis

152 152

LYMNJEUM

1. nigi-opiceum

MASOREUS

153

1. Wetterhallii

153

BEMBIDIUM

STENOLOPHUS

154

(Cillenus)

1. Teutonus

154

1. laterale

2. Skrimshiranus 3. vespertinus 4. elegans 5. consputus 6. dorsalis

155 155 156 157 158

(Tacky s)

2. scutellare 3. bistriatum 4. obtusum

7. meridianus

159

(Ocys)

8. derelictus 9. flavicollis 10. luridus

159 160 160

\ •/ /

5. quinquestriatum 6. rufescens

11. exiguus

161

(Phiiocthus)

BRADYCELLUS

162

7. biguttatum

. seneum

1. placidus

162

9. guttula

Page 163 163 164 165

165

165 166 167 167 168 168 169

170 170 170

171 171

172 172 173

173 174

174

175 175

175

175 176 177

177

177 178

179

179 180 181

XX

(Peryphus)

10. feinoratuin

11. Bruxellense

12. concinnum

13. littorale

14. fluviatile

15. lunatum

16. saxatile

17. testaceum

18. decorum

19. Stoxnoides

20. monticuluin

21. nitidulum

22. affine

23. tibiale

24. prasinum

(Notaphus)

25. flammulatum

26. ustulatum

27. obliquum

28. rupestre

29. fumigatum

30. ephippium

31. assimile

32. Clarkii

Page

Page

181

(Leja)

200

181

33.

lampros

200

182

34.

Schuppelii

201

183

35.

gilvipes

201

184

36.

pusillum

202

184

185

( Lopha)

203

185

37.

doris

203

186

38.

normannum

204

187

39.

articulatum

205

188

40.

quadriguttatum

205

189

41.

callosum

206

190

42.

quadrirnaculat am

207

190 191

(Bembidium)

207

192

43.

bipunctatum

207

44.

velox

208

193

45.

pallidipenue

209

193

46.

paludosum

210

194 195

( Tachypus)

211

196

47.

flavipes

211

197

48.

pallipes

211

197

198

199

GEODEPHAGA BRITANNICA.

COLEOPTERA.

GEODEPHAGA, MacLeay.

Mandibulse corneas ; palpi sex, quatuor maxillares, duo labiales, palpi maxillares externi 4-articulati, interni 2-articulati ; an- tennae filiformes raro submoniliforaies ; pedes cursorii ; tarsi omnes 5-articulati.

Fam. 1. CICINDELID^E.

Mandibulse acute dentatse; maxillae ungue corneo, articulate terminates; palpi labiales articulis quatuor, basilari e stipite libero efformato; ligula cornea, inflexa, paraglossis nullis; mentum breve. Pedes longi, tibiis nunquam emarginatis. Cicindeletes, Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 1. 173.

Genus 1. CICINDELA, L.

Mentum dente media prominulo, acuto. Tarsi antici maris arti- culis tribus dilatatisy linearibus, subtus dense spongiosis.

1. C. sylvatica: nigro-sub&nea, elytris lunuld humerali fascia obliqud sinuatd abbreviatd punctoque marginali ante apicem albis.

Linn. F. S. 748.— Fab. S. El. 1. 235.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 4.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 114.— Dej. Spec. 1. 71 ; Icon. 1. 29. pi. 3.— Steph. Mand. 1 . 7, et Manual, p. 5. — Erichson, Kafer, 2. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 3.

Bronze with a purplish tinge. Head finely striated and gra- nulated ; upper lip black, and more acuminated than in others of the genus, with an elevated longitudinal line in the centre

6 CICINDELIDjE. — CICINDELA.

terminated by a sharp tooth; antennae fuscous with the four joints at the base coppery. Thorax rather wider than the head, scarcely narrowed behind; scutellum small, fuscous black. Elytra ob- long, about double the width of the thorax, deeply and irregu- larly foveated near the suture and rugose-punctate throughout, having a small white spot on the shoulders, an oblique fascia rather behind the middle, and a roundish spot just before the apex, none of them, except the humeral one, touching the mar- gin : underside of the legs and body clothed with white pile and their surface greenish blue, sides of the thorax and breast cop- pery. Length 7 — 8 lines.

Abundant on sandy heaths; Cobham; Ripley; Weybridge; Christchurch ; Manton Common near Brigg.

2. C. hybrida: fusco-subanea, elytris lunuld humerali apicalique fascidque media sinuatd albreviatd albis.

Linn. F. S. 747.— Fab. S. El. 1. 234.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 3.— Dej. Spec. 1. 64 ; Icon. 1. 19. pi. 2.— Steph. Manual, p. 5.— Erichson, Kafer, 2. C. aprica, Steph. Mand. 1. 8. C. riparia, Steph. Mand. 1. 9. pi. 1.

C. sylvicola, Curtis, Ent. pi. 1 . — Steph. Mand. 1 . 10, et Manual, p. 5.

Brownish (or greenish) bronze with purplish tints, head and thorax coppery, with the elytra green in less frequent individuals, but more generally fuscous. Head with an oblong green fovea on each side in front, very finely punctured and striated ; upper lip yellowish white, with a minute tooth in the middle ; antenna fuscous, with the four joints at the base green or coppery. Thorax quadrate, scarcely narrowed behind, sides with long white pile, the transverse impressions on the anterior and posterior margins brilliant coppery red, bordered by a fine green line ; scutellum large and much pointed. Elytra more coarsely gra- nulated all over than in campestris, each with three white spots disposed thus, one lunular spot on the shoulder sometimes inter- rupted, one central band sinuated behind and denticulated in front not touching the outer margin and terminating in a roundish spot before reaching the suture, and a third on the margin before the apex and reaching to the tip of the suture; body beneath purplish green, with the breast and sides of the thorax coppery red ; legs purplish copper, very pubescent, with the joints and tarsi purplish green. Length 6 — 7 lines.

The insect described by Mr. Curtis as sylvicola is a green ex- ample of hybrida. The original representative of sylvicola, Meg., is by most entomologists considered a distinct species and is a

CICINDELID.E. CICINDELA.

larger insect, but is not found in Britain. Abundant on the sandy coasts of Lancashire and North Wales.

3. C. maritima : fusco-subtenea, elytris lunuld humerali apicalique

fascidque media retrorsum valde flexuosd abbreviatd albis.

Dej. Spec. 1. 67; Icon. 1. 22. pi. 3.— Steph. Manual, p. 5. C. hybrida, Steph. Mand. 1.8.

In structure this species is similar to hybrida, but is usually smaller and more slender ; in colour more variable, being more or less coppery, purplish, olivaceous, or lighter green. The spots on the elytra chiefly distinguish it, the humeral one being larger, and the central band considerably deflexed. Length 6 lines.

It is a maritime species, and found in profusion on the sandy coasts of Devonshire, Dorset and South Wales, and between Christchurch and Bournemouth, Hants ; and in countless mul- titudes on the shore near Burnham Market, Norfolk, in July and August.

4. C. campestris : viridis, elytris punctis quinque marginalibus

sextoque discoidali albis.

Linn. F. S. 746.— Fab. S. El. 1. 233.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 2.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 103.— Dej. Spec. 1. 59; Icon. 1. 16. pi. 2.— Steph. Mand. 1. 11, et Manual, p. 5. — Erichson, Kafer, 2. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 1.

Light green or bluish green. Head large, pilose, punctured and wrinkled ; forehead deeply excavated, sides of the head striated with golden purple ; upper lip with a minute tooth in the middle, and together with the base of the mandibles yellow- ish white; antennae with four joints at the base purplish or reddish copper, the rest fuscous. Thorax short, narrowed behind, anterior and posterior margins rich golden red ; scutellum small and red. Elytra ovate, much wider than the thorax, finely shagreened throughout, the suture and apex brassy, each with six round white spots ; abdomen brilliant green, with the sides of the thorax and breast fiery copper ; legs densely pilose, coppery, with the tarsi brassy green. Length 6 lines.

Very common both inland and on the coast.

5. C. germanica : viridis, cyanea vel nigricans, elytris puncto

humerali macula marginali lunuldque apicali albis.

Linn. S. N. 1. 657.— Fab. S. El. 1. 237.— Dej. Spec. 1. 138 ; Icon. 1. 49. pi. 6.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 106.— Steph. Mand. 1. 11, et Manual, p. 5. — Erichson, Kafer, 3. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 4.

Bright green, bluish green, olivaceous or obscure black. Head

B 2

4 CARABID^E. — DRYPTA.

as large as the thorax, finely granulated and striated ; upper lip with a small tooth, and together with the mandibles externally white ; antennae with four basal joints coppery. Thorax long, narrow and cylindric, finely granulated ; scutellurn rather small. Elytra oblong, rather narrowed in front, widest behind the middle, with a small white spot on the humeral angle, an oblong one near the margin about the middle, and a minute one at the apex ; underside brilliant purplish green, sides of the thorax and breast coppery ; legs greenish, with the tibiae testaceous. Length 5 lines.

Local ; but found in profusion near Charmouth and Swanwich, Dorset ; Black Gang Chine, Isle of Wight, &c. Unlike its con- geners, it does not make use of its wings to effect its escape, but runs with amazing rapidity.

Fam. 2. CARABIB^.

Mandibulse firmse, non aut leviter dentatse ; maxillae apice arcuatse, ungue fixo terminatse; palpi labiales articulis tribus, stipite raro libero; ligula porrecta, cornea, paraglossis aucta. Ca- rabici, Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 1. 177.

Subfam. 1. BRACHINIDES, Westwood.

Genus 1. DRYPTA, Fabricius.

Mentum maximum corneum. Ligula elongata, setis tribus longis ornala ; paraglossis brevibus, acutis, apice liberis. Palpi ar- ticulis ultimis incrassatis, subsecuriformibus. Mandibulse porrectffi, elongates, uncinatte. Labrum breve, transversum, apice bisinuatum. Tarsi antici maris articulo primo leviter dilatato, ultimo bifido.

1. D. emarginata : viridi-cterulea, ore antennis pedibusque rufis.

Fab. S. El. 1. 230.— Dej. Spec. 1. 183 ; Icon. 1. 66. pi. 7.— Steph. Hand. 1. 13, et Manual, p. 6.— Curtis, Ent. pi. 454. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 6.

This elegant species is bright green or blue-green above and beneath. Head thickly punctured ; eyes black and prominent ; mandibles, palpi and antennae red, the apex of the first joint of the latter, and a ring round the second and third black. Thorax elongate, rather narrowed behind, somewhat cylindric, with a central longitudinal line, and thickly punctured. Elytra wide, the shoulders rounded, dilated behind the middle, slightly notched at the apex, distinctly punctate-striated, interstices punctured, villose ; legs red, tarsi sometimes pitchy. Length 4 lines.

CARABIDJE. ODACANTHA. O

It is very rare in England. In 1815 several examples were captured near Hastings and Favershain ; since which time it does not seem to have occurred till 1845, when I captured three specimens at Luccombe in the Isle of Wight, from the crevices of a clay bank, and for several succeeding seasons met with it sparingly during the months of March and April in the same locality. It has been found also at Lyme Regis, Dorset, by Mr. F. Walker.

Genus 2. ODACANTHA, Paykull.

Mentum dente media integro. Ligula apice rotundata ; paraglossis membranaceis, apice prominulo, ligulam hand superantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo acuminato. Tarsi articulo quarto in- tegro ; unguiculis simplicibus.

1. O. melanura: viridi-cyanea, antennis basi pectore pedibus elytrisque testaceis, his apice geniculisque nigro-cyaneis.

Attelabus melanurus, Linn. S. N. 2. 620.

.Odacantha melanura, Payk. Faun. 1. 169.— Fab. S. El. 1. 228.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 177.— Dej. Spec. 1. 176; Icon. 1. 63. pi. 7.— Steph. Mand. 1. 14, et Manual, p. 6.— Curtis, Ent. pi. 227. — Erichson, Kafer, 27.

Head black and shining, very large and dilated on each side about the middle where the eyes are placed, having behind the latter an oblong fovea; the first, second and third joints of the antennae red, the rest dusky. Thorax bluish green, long, cylindric, deeply punctured. Elytra elongate, rounded at the shoulders, sides parallel, apex truncated obliquely, reddish testa- ceous with the apex shining blue-black; body beneath bluish green, with the breast red; legs red, the joints and tarsi black. Length 3 lines.

This insect is extremely abundant in the fens of Cambridge- shire and at Whittlesea Mere among the sedge and refuse in May, June, September and October. It is found also, as Mr. Stephens informs us, at Horning and Fakenham, and on the banks of the river Yare in Norfolk, and at Crwmllyn Bog near Swansea.

Genus 3. DEMETRIAS, Bonelli.

Mentum dente medio integro. Ligula apice rotundata ; paraglossis membranaceis , ei tequalibus, apice singulafim rotundatis. Palpi articulo ultimo acuminato. Tarsi articulo quarto bilobo ; un- guiculis pectinatis.

6 CARABID^E. DEMETRIAS.

1. D. imp eri alls : pallida, capite pectoreque nigro-piceis, thorace

rufo ferrugineo, postice angustato, elytris obsolete striatis, suturd fused in medio dilatatd cum macula marginali posteriore ramo arcuato obliquo connexd.

Dromius imperialis, Germ. Spec. Nov. 1.1. Demetrias imperialis, Sturm, D. F. 7. 63. — Dej. Spec. 1. 229 ; Icon. 1. 101. pi. 14.— Steph. Mand. 1. 176, et Manual, p. 6. Lebia atricapilla, var. c, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 188. Aetophorus imperialis, Redt. Faun. Aust. 75.

Elongate, depressed, pale testaceous. Head black, large, narrowed before and behind. Thorax rusty red, elongate heart- shaped, much contracted behind. Elytra shorter and wider than in the two following species, shoulders rounded, sides slightly sinuated before the middle, then dilated till just before the tip, much depressed, striated, the striae indistinctly punctured, and with four deeper impressions, pale testaceous and transparent so as to show the wings beneath, the suture fuscous till just before the middle, when the dark colour dilates and forms a lozenge- shaped spot, and on each side near the extremity of the outer margin is another spot of the same colour, sometimes connected with the former by an oblique line ; legs red. Length 2^ lines.

To receive this insect a new genus (Aetophorus) has been created by Dr. Schmidt (Stettin Ent. Zeit. 1848, p. 388).

This species appears to have become very scarce in England, though formerly it was far from uncommon in the fens of Cam- bridgeshire and Huntingdonshire.

2. D. atricapilla : pallida, capite nigro, thorace rufo, elytris

obsolete striatis, immaculatis.

Carabus atricapillus, Linn. S. N. 2. 673. Lebia atricapilla, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 188. Demetrias atricapillus, Dej. Spec. 1. 231. — Steph. Mand. 1.

15, et Manual, p. 6. — Erichson, Kafer, 28. — Heer, Faun.

Helv. 8.

D. elonaatulus, Dej. Spec. 1. 232; Icon. 1. 104. pi. 14. D. obscurus, (Newman) Steph. Mand. 5. 366.

Linear-elongate, pale testaceous. Head black, crown smooth and shining, with the sides punctured; mandibles, palpi and antennae red. Thorax red, heart-shaped, posterior angles rather acutely prominent, base with two fovese. Elytra oblong, shoulders rounded, sides nearly straight or very little wider behind, the apex truncate, obsoletely striated, some of the interstices at the base and next the suture with distinct punctures; legs pale testaceous. Length 2 lines.

Generally distributed.

CARABID^E. DROMIUS. 7

3. D. unipimctata : pattida, capite nigro, thorace rufo, elytris obsolete punctato-striatis, testaceis, suturd maculdque ante apicem plus minus dilatatd infuscatis.

Dromius unipunctatus, Germ. Spec. Nov. 1 . 2.

Demetrias unipunctatus, Sturm, D. F. 7. 61. — Dej. Spec. 1.

230; Icon. 1. 102. pi. 14.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 8. D. monostigma, Curtis, Ent. pi. 119. — Steph. Mand. 1. 15, et

Manual, p. 6. Lebia atricapilla, var. c, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 188.

Linear-elongate, narrower than atricapilla, ferruginous red. Head black, smooth and shining, less wide than in the preceding species and less produced in front. Thorax after the same manner. Elytra narrower, finely striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, and with four deeper impressions as in imperialis ; suture and a round spot behind rusty brown ; legs pale testaceous. Length 2 lines.

This species is extremely abundant in the fens of Cambridge- shire and Huntingdonshire both in spring and autumn, among sedge and at the roots of herbage. I have found it also at the roots of the tall wiry grass which grows on the sand-hills at Sandwich, Kent. Mr. Stephens informs us that it is found at Swansea and at South Creek, Norfolk.

Genus 4. DROMIUS, Bonelli.

Mentum dente media nullo. Ligula una cum paraglossis sub- coriaceis, rotundata. Palpi articulo ultimo acuminato. Tarsi articulo quarto integro ; unguiculis simplicibus.

1. D. longiceps : elongatus ; capite elongato-ovato, nigro-piceo> thorace rufo-testaceo, elytris obsolete striatis, pallidis, sutura infuscata ; antennis pedibusque pallidis.

Dej. Spec. 2. 450; Icon. 1. 106. pi. 11. — Babington, Ent. Trans. 1.88.— Steph. Mand. 5. 367, et Manual, p. 7. — Erichson, Kafer, 29.

Linear-elongate. Head pitchy black and elongate, narrowed before and behind, and obsoletely punctured throughout, having an oblong fovea between the eyes ; the latter large, but not pro- minent ; mouth, palpi and antennse testaceous. Thorax widest in front, longer than broad, the anterior angles rounded, sides narrowed behind and the margins elevated, especially at the posterior angles which are obtuse, the colour testaceous red, the dorsal line interrupted before it reaches the base, and the disk otherwise marked with a few faint transverse wrinkles; scutellum large and long, with its sides waved. Elytra narrowed and

8 CARABID^E. DROMIUS.

rounded at the shoulders, widest behind the middle, sides almost linear, much elongated, obsoletely striated, pale testaceous, with the suture fuscous, the obscure colour gradually widening towards the apex till it joins a large and often roundish spot of the same colour just before the extremity ; legs pale testaceous. Length 2| lines.

This rare species may readily be recognized by its very elon- gate form and its oblong head. It was first captured in this country at Madingley Wood, near Cambridge, in 1831, and has been occasionally found since in the sedge-boats on the river Cam. In July 1847 I secured three specimens, and in Sep- tember 1850 a fourth among herbage in Holme Fen, not far from Whittlesea Mere.

2. D. linearis : elongatus, rufo-testaceus ; elytris punctato-stri-

atis, apice infuscatis; antennis pedibusque pallidis.

Carabus linearis, Oliv. Ent. 3. 35. 111.

Lebia linearis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 187.

Dromius linearis, Dej. Spec. 1. 233; Icon. 1. 107. pi. 11. — Sturm, D. F. 7. 42.— Steph. Mand. 1. 25, et Manual, p. 7.— Erichson, Kafer, 28.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 9.

Linear-elongate, narrow, testaceous red. Head large, smooth behind, longitudinally strigose in front, dusky, sometimes black ; eyes black ; mouth, palpi and antenna? testaceous. Thorax cordate, narrowed behind, moderately convex, with a fine dorsal furrow, and a fovea near each hinder angle. Elytra elongate, shoulders rounded, sides linear, punctate-striated, apex obscure ; legs pale testaceous. Length 2£ lines.

Very common.

3. D. agilis : oblongus ; capite thoraceque ferrugineis ; elytris

fuscis, subtiliter striatis, seriebus duabus punctorum impres- sorum ; antennis pedibusque pallidis.

Carabus agilis, Fab. Mant. 1. 204 (1787); S. El. 1. 185.—

Payk. Mon. 102 (1790).

Lebia agilis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 184.— Dufts. Faun. 2. 251. Dromius agilis, Dej. Spec. 1. 240; Icon. 1. 118. pi. 12.—

Sturm, D. F. 7. 36.— Steph. Mand. 1. 21, et Manual, p. 6. —

Erichson, Kafer, 30.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 11. D. meridionalis, Dej. Spec. 1. 242. — Steph. Mand. 1. 16, et

Manual, p. 6. Var. /3. elytris maculd pallidd ornatis.

Carabus fenestratus, Fab. S. El. 1. 209.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 168.—

Steph. Mand. 5. 367, et Manual, p. 7. C. ayilis, var. n, Heer, Faun. Helv. 11.

CARABID^E. DROMIUS. 9

Oblong, rather depressed. Head pitchy brown, wide, with a deep fovea on each side between the antennae ; eyes large, globose and black, palpi and antennae pale testaceous. Thorax ferrugi- nous, subquadrate, rounded in front below the anterior angles, narrowed behind, margins reflexed, base truncate, hinder angles somewhat rotundate, base with a more or less distinct fovea on each side. Elytra fuscous or pitchy, sometimes with a pale oblong patch on each rather before the middle, sometimes wholly testaceous in less mature examples, much wider than the thorax, shoulders rounded, sides rather widest behind the middle, apex as usual truncate, disk rather depressed, obsoletely striated, with a series of impressions between the second and third, and another between the seventh and eighth striae ; body beneath testaceous red, legs pale. Length 2f lines.

This species is rather variable in colour, and occasionally in some slight degree in form, the thorax being more quadrate in some examples, and the sides less rounded in front, than in others, which variations have led to the supposition that they are distinct species. I have examined carefully the insects recorded by Mr. Stephens under the names meridionalis and fenestratus, and they appear to be simply varieties of this species, whose claim to distinction rests upon an eccentricity of colour, but upon no constant or very material difference in form or sculpture. Dr. Schaum considers D. fenestratus of Stephens' s Collection a variety of testaceus, Erichson, with a yellow dash on the anterior part of the elytra; it is described by Dejean as agilis, var. a, and I believe correctly, for the several examples received from abroad of testaceus , Erichson, do not, upon a close examination, present differences of sufficient importance to warrant their separation. Whether, as Dr. Schaum supposes (Stettin Ent. Zeit.), D. fenestratus, Stephens, differs from

C. fenestratus. Fab., or whether it be perfectly identical with it, the latter itself is now generally accepted as a variety also of

D. agilis.

This species is generally distributed, and is in many parts of the kingdom abundant, under the bark of trees and among the damp herbage of hedge-banks.

4. D. quadrimaculatus : oblongus ; capite nigro, thorace rufo, subquadrato, angulis rotundatis ; elytris substriatis, fuscis, maculis duabus antennis pedibusque pattidis.

Carabus quadrimaculatus, Linn. F. S. 813.— Fab. S. El. 1. 207. Lebia quadrimaculata, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 186. — Dufts. Faun. 2. 250.

10 CARABID^E. DKOMIUS.

Dromius quadrimaculatus, Dej. Spec. 1. 239; Icon. 1. 115. pi. 12.— -Sturm, D. F. 7. 33.— Steph. Mand. 1.21, et Manual, p. 7.— Erichson, Kafer, 30.— Heer, Faun. Hehr. 10.

In form like the preceding, but smaller. Head black, round- ish, strigose, having a fovea on each side between the antennae, the latter with the palpi and mouth pale testaceous. Thorax ferruginous red, rather shorter than in agilis, much wrinkled transversely on each side the dorsal furrow, base with a fovea near each hinder angle, the latter a little rounded, and the margins elevated. Elytra fuscous black, with an oblong testa- ceous spot before the middle, and a shorter one of the same colour at the apex, and usually entirely covering it, the disk very distinctly striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, the sixth with a series of deeper impressions ; thorax and breast beneath ferru- ginous ; abdomen obscure black ; legs testaceous. Length 2J lines.

Widely distributed.

5. D. quadrinotatus : oblongus ; capite nigro, thorace piceo,

subelongato, postice attenuate, angulis posticis prominulis ; elytris fuscis, substriatis, maculis duabus antennis pedibus- que pallidis.

Carabus quadrinotatus, Panz. Faun. 73. 5.

Lebia quadrinotata, Dufts. Faun. 2. 253.

Dromius quadrinotatus, Dej. Spec. 1. 238 ; Icon. 1. 114. pi. 12.

— Sturm, D. F. 7. 38. — Steph. Mand. 1. 21, et Manual, p. /.

— Erichson, Kafer, 31. — Heer, Faun. Aust. 10.

Oblong, slightly depressed, black. Head large, smooth, flattish in front with a fovea on each side between the antennae, which together with the palpi and mouth are pale testaceous. Thorax pitchy, slightly elongated, a little rounded below the anterior angles, then obliquely sloped and narrowed to the base, the sides being margined, and the hinder angles elevated and rather prominent, having near each a deep fovea. Elytra oblong, rounded at the shoulders, slightly widest behind the middle, very obsoletely striated, having a large ovate pale testaceous spot at the base and a smaller one before the apex; legs pale testaceous. Length 2 lines.

Generally distributed under bark of trees, &c.

6. D. quadrisignatus : oblongus; capite nigro, thorace quadrate,

rufo ; elytris substriatis, fuscis, maculis magnis duabus antennis pedibusque pallidis.

Dej. Spec. 1. 236; Icon. 1. 111. pi. 11.— Babington, Ent.

CARABID.E. DROMIUS. 11

Trans. 1. 10. 2. — Steph. Mand. 5. 367, et Manual, p. 7. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 10.

Head obscurely black, smooth, slightly convex, with the fore- part, mouth, palpi and antennae testaceous. Thorax quadrate, anterior angles rounded, sides narrowed towards the posterior angles which are obtuse, the surface entirely ferruginous red, with the centre sometimes pitchy. Elytra with the humeral angles slightly rounded, the sides somewhat straight, faintly striated, fuscous, with two testaceous spots on each, a large denticulated one in front and a smaller one at the apex ; abdomen pitchy, legs pale testaceous. Length 2 lines.

This species is nearly allied to the preceding, but may be distinguished by the following characters. The head is shorter and more convex, the forehead not depressed, but with merely a slight impression on each side, not deeply foveated, nor distinctly striated, as in the allied species ; the antennae are shorter and stouter; the thorax is broader and entirely rufous; the elytra are wider at the base, with the shoulders less rounded, and their pattern is more varied, the anterior spots being angular and denticulated instead of ovate, and the abdomen is pitchy.

It appears to be a scarce species, but has been taken in Madingley Wood, and elsewhere near Cambridge; at Colney Hatch and Wimbledon Park; and near Weston-on-the-Green, Oxon.

7. D. sigma: testaceus; capite nigro, thorace subquadrato, elytris substriatis, suturd fasciaque postica dentata/wsczs.

Carabus siffma, Rossi, Faun. Etr. 1. 226 (1790).

Dromius siffma, Dej. Spec. 1. 235; Icon. 1. 110. pi. 11. —

Erichson, Kafer, 32. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 9. Carabus fasciatus, Payk. Mon. 97 (1790).— Fab. Ent. S. 1. 133

(1792-8).— Fab. S. El. 1. 186. Dromius bipennifer, Babington, Ent. Trans. 1. 86. 9. — Steph.

Manual, p. 7.

Oblong, depressed. Head black, round and flattish, with a small fovea on each side between the eyes ; palpi and antennae testaceous yellow. Thorax red, subquadrate, anterior angles rounded, sides narrowed behind, with their margins elevated, and a slight impression on each side at the base close to the posterior angles, the dorsal furrow very distinct. Elytra testa- ceous, with a brown transverse toothed fascia behind the middle, leaving a pale spot at the apex, the disk more or less indistinctly punctate- striated ; abdomen rufescent and margined with fuscous; legs pale testaceous. Length 1| line.

There are several varieties of this insect which present a slight

CARABID^E. DROMIUS.

difference in the pattern of the elytra, among them one which occurs locally in the Isle of Wight. It has a pale spot on the shoulders, extending not more than half so far downwards as in the insect figured by Dej can, and the transverse band is much broader and darker, leaving merely two minute dots (sometimes united) at the apex. The pattern in these again also varies more or less, as well as in the Cambridgeshire insects.

This species, the D. bipennifer of the British Collections, is abundant near Whittlesea Mere and in the Cambridgeshire fens, and is found also near Dorking, Carlisle, and in North Wales.

8. D. fasciatus : subelongatus, testaceus ; capite nigro ; thorace

quadrato ferrugineo ; elytris substriatis basi pallidis postice fuscis, macula antennis pedibusque pallidis.

Lebia fasciata, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 459.

Dromius fasciatus, Dej. Spec. 1. 238 ; Icon. 1. 113. pi. 12. —

Steph. Mand. 1. 24, et Manual, p. 7. — Erichson, Kafer, 31. —

Heer, Faun. Helv. 10.

Rather elongate, depressed. Head black, wide, appearing finely coriaceous under a magnifying glass, having a faint stria on each side in front ; antennae and palpi testaceous, apex of the latter pitchy. Thorax rusty brown, with the margins and hinder angles pale testaceous, quadrate, anterior angles rounded, sides slightly narrowed behind and again slightly produced before the posterior angles, which are a little elevated but obtuse, the base with an impressed fovea on each side. Elytra oblong, rusty brown with a pale testaceous patch covering the shoulders and extending nearly half way downwards, not touching the suture, and also a small round or ovate spot of the same livid colour near the tip ; in some examples the spots are more or less in- distinct or nearly obliterated, in others they run into one another ; body beneath fuscous black ; legs pale testaceous. Length 1| line.

Widely distributed, but local and found chiefly in sandy situations, in damp ditches and hedge-banks. Abundant at Deal, in Cambridgeshire, Devon, at JBerwick-upon-Tweed ; " on the sea-coast at Bamborough, Beadnell and Embleton, in June/' J. Hardy, and in Ireland.

9. D. melanocephalus : testaceus ; capite nigro, elytris sub-

striatis, antennis

Dej. Spec. 1. 234 ; Icon. 1. 109. pi. 11.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 44.— Steph. Mand. 1. 22, et Manual, p. 7.— Erichson, Kafer, 32.— Heer, Faun. Hclv. 9.

In form like the preceding, but shorter and very much smaller.

CARABID^l. — DROMIUS. 13

Head black and shining ; palpi and antennae pale testaceous. Thorax testaceous red, subquadrate, the length rather less than the breadth, a little narrowed at the base, the posterior angles slightly elevated and nearly rectangular. Elytra livid testaceous, and usually transparent so as to show the wings distinctly be- neath, a little widest behind, obsoletely striated, especially at the sides; underside of the body dusky ferruginous; legs pale. Length 1| line.

Generally distributed.

10. D. glabratus : oblongus, nigro-subceneus ; thorace subqua-

drato, postice angustato, glabrato ; elytris sublsevibus.

Lebia glabrata, Dufts. Faun. 2. 248.

Dromius glabratus, Dej. Spec. 1. 244 ; Icon. 1. 121. pi. 13.-^- Steph. Mand. 1 . 25, et Manual, p. 8. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 11. Carabus femoralis, Marsham, Ent. 463. Dromius femoralis, Steph. Mand. 1. 25, et Manual, p. 8. D. angustatus, (Curtis) Steph. Manual, p. 8. D. maurus, Steph. Mand. 1. 1/6, et Manual, p. 8.

Deep glossy or bronzed black. Head round, smooth and convex. Thorax subquadrate, narrowed behind, the sides and base considerably rounded, with the posterior angles nearly ob- solete, the central line very fine and the disk glabrous. Elytra oblong, depressed, with the humeral angles rather prominent, the disk glabrous, with a few rudiments only of striae; legs occasionally pitchy. Length 1^ line.

C. femoralis, Marsham, is an immature representative of this species, from which D. angustatus and maurus cannot be separated.

Very common.

11. D. tmncatellus : nigro-sub&neus ; thorace brevi subcordato,

postice rotundato; elytris substriatis; antennis basi tibiisgue piceis.

Carabus truncatellus, Linn. S. N. 2. 673. — Fab. S. El. 1. 210.

Lebia truncatella, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 182. — Dufts. Faun. 2. 247.

Dromius truncatellus, Dej. Spec. 1.248 ; Icon. 1. 127.pl. 13. — Sturm, D. F. 7. 51.— Steph. Mand. 1. 26, et Manual, p. 8.— Erichson, Kafer, 33. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 11.

In form like D. foveolus, but rather shorter and smaller, with- out any brassy tinge and without any foveae on the elytra. Head and eyes smaller. Thorax shorter, subcordate, with the sides regularly rounded behind, posterior angles very obtuse. Elytra shorter than in foveolus and slightly wider, the humeral angles rounded, apex wide and truncate, disk very obsoletely striated;

14 CARABIDJE. DROMIUS.

body beneath black ; antennae and legs black or slightly pitchy. Length 1^ line.

This insect is larger than the preceding and much broader, but not quite so large as the next species ; it cannot be confounded with either, it is more pitchy black, and has the sides of the elytra very distinctly rounded, and is both shorter and wider than either of the allied species : from foveolus (with which it associates as well as with glabratus) it may instantly be distinguished also by the absence of the small punctures, and the brassy brown colour so conspicuous in that insect.

This species has, together with the two following, been erected into a separate genus (Metabletus] by Dr. Schmidt.

It is far from uncommon, though certainly local. I have taken it at Redhill, Surrey, on the common near the Railway Station ; and in Pegwell Bay near Ramsgate, on a grassy bank on the edge of the shore, early in the spring. " Found in sandy and gravelly situations beneath stones near London," Mr. Stephens. It is also included among the Irish species by Mr. Haliday.

12. D. foveolus : obscure ceneus ; elytris substriatis} punctis duobus impressis.

Lebia foveola, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 183.

Dromius foveolus, Steph. Mand. 1. 26, et Manual, p. 8. —

Erichson, Kafer, 33. Lebia punctatella, Dufts. Faun. 2. 248. Dromius punctatellus, Dej. Spec. 1. 247; Icon. 1. 126.pl. 13. —

Sturm, D. F. 7. 52.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 11.

Above obscure brassy brown. Head smooth, with an obsolete fovea on each side between the antenna? which are pitchy black, eyes large. Thorax short, broad, narrowed behind as in the preceding species, and the posterior angles obtuse and elevated, but with the base sloped upwards to meet them, the dorsal line very distinct, but the basal fovese almost obsolete. Elytra rounded at the shoulders, and rather so on the sides, moderately convex, obsoletely punctate-striated, with two deep impressions on the third stria ; legs black, slightly pitchy. Length 1^ line.

This insect occurs in profusion almost everywhere in sandy and gravelly places. " Portmarnock sands " in Ireland, A. H. Haliday, Esq.

_\ 13. D. obscuroguttatus : piceo-subseneus ; elytris substriatis, maculis duabus alterd humerali alterd apicali antennarum basi tibiisque rufescentibus.

Lebia obscuro-guttata, Dufts. Faun. 2. 249.

CARABID.E. DROMIUS. 15

Dromius obscuroguttatus, Erichson, Kafer, 32.

D. spilotus, Dej. Spec. 1. 246 ; Icon. 1. 124. pi. 13.— Sturm,

D. F. 7. 47.— Curtis, Ent. pi. 231.— Steph. Manual, p. 7. D. impunctatus, Steph. Mand. 1. 23.

In form like the two preceding species, but pitchy black with a faint brassy tinge. Head convex, smooth, with a very obsolete stria on each side in front, and the whole surface, when examined under a magnifying glass, finely coriaceous. Thorax as in foveolus, but rather narrower (PL I. f. 1). Elytra broad with the shoulders rounded and slightly prominent, apex obliquely truncate, disk very obsoletely striated, with a series of deep im- pressions on the exterior margins, pitchy or fuscous black, with a pale more or less distinct spot on the shoulders and another (often obliterated) near the apex ; thighs pitchy, tibiae and tarsi paler. Length 1| line.

This species is rather scarce. The localities given by Mr. Stephens are Norfolk, Berkshire, and near London. I once met with it in profusion near Sandown, Isle of Wight (April 1846), and have found it also at Gravesend and in Hurst Wood, near Tunbridge Wells.

14. D. quadrillum : nigro-sub(eneus ; thorace lateribus rotun- dato postice fortiter coarctato, angulis posticis acutis; elytris striatis, inter stitiis punctatis, maculis duabuspallidis.

Lebia quadrillum, Dufts. Faun. 2. 246.

Dromius quadrillum, Dej. Spec. 1. 249 ; Icon. 1. 127. pi. 13.

— Sturm, D. F. 7. 45.— Steph. Mand. 1. 23, et Manual, p. 8.

— Heer, Faun. Helv. 12. Lionychus quadrillum, Redt. Faun. Aust. 76. Var. (3. elytris singulis unimaculatis.

Dromius bipunctatus, Heer, Faun. Helv. 12.

Above bronzed black, rather larger and wider than the pre- ceding species. Head round, wide, obliquely impressed on each side between the antennse, two joints at the base of the latter red. Thorax broad in front and short, rounded at the sides below the anterior angles, but suddenly and considerably contracted behind, the base also being rounded as in the preceding species, and sloped upwards to meet the posterior angles which are very minute, acute and prominent (PL I. f. 2), disk with a fine dorsal line and a transverse impression in front thereof, and the base striated longitudinally. Elytra broad, short, humeral angles rounded and rather elevated, sides dilated behind, the surface finely but evidently striated, and the interstices minutely punc- tured, having two yellowish white spots on each elytron, one at the basal angle and another a little behind the middle, the

16

CARABIDvE. LEBIA.

latter of which is sometimes wanting; body beneath and the legs black. Length 1^ line.

To receive this species a new genus (Lionychus) has been created by Dr. Wissmann (Stettin Ent. Zeit. 7. 25). The Stettin Catalogue (1852) records this insect as Carabus 4-pustu- latus of Fabricius, but as that author's description and refer- ences are unsatisfactory, I have retained the generally re- ceived name. The species is apparently scarce. Mr. Stephens informs us that it has been taken near London and at Southend. Mr. Wollaston captured a pair near Bridport, Dorset, and a fine series at Slapton Ley, Devon, in May 1852 : these belong to the variety with the humeral spots alone visible. During the month of May in the year 1853, my friends Mr. Wollaston and the Rev. H. Clark, as well as myself, found it in plenty among the fine shingle at the base of the low cliffs eastward of Southend. Among the individuals captured by us, every variety is included.

Genus 5. LEBIA, Latreille.

Mentum dente medio nullo. Ligula apice rotundata ; paraglossis coriaceis, ei sub&qualibus, apice singulatim rotundatis. Palpi articulo ultimo subovafoj apice truncato. Tarsi articulo quarto emarginato ; unguiculis pectinatis.

When Bonelli separated the genera Demetrias and Dromius from Lebia proper, he also divided the latter into Lamprias and Lebia. He took L. cyanocephala as the type to represent the characters of the former, which he stated to consist in the penul- timate joint of the tarsi being simple, the antennae linear, and the last joint of the palpi truncate; — and as the type of the latter he took L. crux-minor, having the penultimate joint of the tarsi bifid, the antennae more slender at the base, and the last joint of the palpi less truncate. Upon a close examination, however, of the different species of Lebia, it did not appear that these characters held good ; for even in L. cyanocephala, the type of the genus Lamprias, the penultimate joint of the tarsi is not simple, but bifid ; neither is it simple in any of the others, though in some it is difficult to decide whether it is bifid or bi- lobed; and as the two remaining characters assigned by Bonelli appeared altogether too vague to warrant the creation of a new genus, M. Dejean once more reunited the Lamprias and Lebia of Bonelli under the original name Lebia*, an arrangement which has now been adopted generally by the continental ento- mologists.

* Dejean, Iconographie, vol. i. p. 132.

CARABID^E. LEBIA. 17

1. L. crux minor : nigra ; thorace antennarum basi pedibusque

rufis j elytris testaceis cruce nigrd.

Carabus crux minor, Linn. S. N. 2. 673.

Lebia crux minor, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 181. — Sturm, D. F. 7. 24.

—Dej. Spec. 1. 261 ; Icon. 1. 139. pi. 15.— Steph. Mand. 1.

27, et Manual, p. 8.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 13.

Head black, coarsely punctured; palpi black; antennae fuscous, with three joints at the base red. Thorax ferruginous red, finely punctured, with a slight central longitudinal line and wrinkled transversely; scutellum black. Elytra broad, shoulders rounded and prominent, sides widest behind the middle, finely punctate-striated, with two minute dots on the third stria from the suture, testaceous red, with a triangular black patch surround- ing the scutellum, the black colour passing all down the suture to the apex, and being crossed behind the middle by a broad transverse waved band of the same colour dilated at the sides and next the suture, leaving a round immaculate spot at the apex : underside of the body black, except the thorax, which, together with the Iegs5 is red. Length 3 lines.

The instances recorded of the capture of this rare species in Britain are very few. Coombe Wood, Windsor, Plumstead Common, Bristol, Lymington, and Netley have produced each a solitary example. More recently, Mr, Stephens secured one in Unsted Wood, near Godalming (Aug. 27, 1842), and Mr. Wol- laston brushed one into his net from a damp meadow at Trene- glos, in Cornwall, on llth September, 1844. Two specimens were taken in a sandy lane near Tunbridge Wells by Major Stanhope Taylor, one of which he kindly presented to me. " Beaten off a sallow near Lugs, south end of Loch Lomond, by Mr. R. Logan." Murray's Catalogue.

2. L. turcica : nigra, thorace rufo ; elytris striatis, nigris,

macula magnd humerali pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus turcicus, Fab. S. El. 1. 203.

Lebia turcica, Dej. Spec. 1. 263 ; Icon. 1. 142. pi. 15. — Curtis,

Ent. pi. 87. — Steph. Mand. 1 . 27, et Manual, p. 8. — Heer,

Faun. Helv. 13.

Rather smaller than crux minor. Head black, punctured behind, and wrinkled in front between the eyes ; mouth, palpi and antennse red. Thorax red, with a deep central longitudinal line, bordered by numerous transverse wrinkles ; scutellum red. Elytra black, with a large testaceous red patch on the shoulders, and a very slender margin of the same colour extend- ing to the apex, deeply striated, the striae sparingly punctured,

18 CARABID^E. LEBIA.

the third from the suture with two impressed dots ; breast ferruginous ; abdomen black, with a pale spot in the centre ; legs pale testaceous. Length 2± lines.

The claim of this rare species to be inserted in the British fauna rests upon four specimens, reported to have been captured in Oakhampton Park, and presented to the British Museum by Dr. Leach. Mr. Stephens, however, calls our attention to the fact that Fabricius quoted this insect as British from a specimen in the collection of Dr. Hunter.

3. L. haemorrhoidalis : rufa, elytris nigris, apice rufis.

Carabus hamorrhoidalis, Fab. S. El. 1. 203.— Pariz. Faun. 75.

Lebia hcemorrhoidalis, Dej. Spec. 1. 266 ; Icon. 1. 145. pi. 15.

— Steph.Mand. 1.28,et Manual, p.8.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 13.

This species is about two-thirds the stature of L. crux minor and is entirely red, with the exception of the elytra, which are shining blue-black, with their apex red. Head and thorax finely punctured; the latter short, much dilated and rounded at the sides, the central line bordered by numerous fine transverse wrinkles. Elytra with the shoulders rounded and prominent, sides dilated behind the middle, apex obliquely truncate, faintly striate-punctate, with two impressed dots on the third stria from the suture. Length 2 lines.

The claim of this elegant little species to be admitted into our indigenous fauna rests upon a single example, which Mr. Ste- phens reports to have been captured near Netley, Shropshire, on broom, by the Rev. F. W. Hope.

(LAMPRIAS, Bonelli.}

4. L. cyanocephala : cyanea vel viridis, thorace pedibusque

rufis, femoribus apice cseruleo-nigris, elytris punctato-stri- atis, interstitiis punctatis.

Carabus cyanocephalus, Linn. F. S. 794. — Fab. S. El. 1. 200. Lebia cyanocephala, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 179. — Dej. Spec. 1. 256;

Icon. 1. 134. pi. 14.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 21.— Erichson, Kafer,

34.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 12.

Lamprias cyanocephalus, Steph. Mand. 1. 29, et Manual, p. 8. L. nigrit arsis, Steph. Mand. 1. 29, et Manual, p. 9.

Bright green or cyaneous, very brilliant and shining, with the thorax ferruginous red. Head thickly punctured, and with an obsolete fovea on each side between the eyes ; mouth pitchy ; palpi and antennae blackish, with the basal joint of the latter

CARABID^l. — BRACHINUS. 19

red. Thorax transverse, short, widest in front, sides rounded, slightly narrowed behind, posterior angles acute, disk rather convex, thickly punctured, with a distinct longitudinal dorsal furrow, and a deeply impressed transverse line at the base, and an obsolete fovea on each side likewise thickly punctured ; scutellum blue-black. Elytra narrowed and rounded at the shoulders, dilated behind, apex obliquely truncate, finely punctate- striated, interstices more or less punctured ; thorax beneath red, breast and abdomen bluish green, legs red, with the tip of the thighs bluish green, tarsi fuscous black. Length 2^-3^ lines.

This species is variable in size, though usually somewhat larger than the next : it differs chiefly in having the tips of the femora, the breast and scutellum bluish black instead of red. It is local, but has been found at Darenth Wood, Ripley, Windsor, &c. It is the L. nigritarsis of Leach.

5. Ii. chlorocephala : cyanea vel viridis ; thorace pedibusque rufis ; elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis subtiliter punc- tatis.

Carabus chlorocephalus, Ent. Heft 2. 117.

Lebia chlorocephala, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 180. — Dej, Spec. 1.

257 ; Icon. 1. 136. pi. 14.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 22.— Erichson,

Kafer, 34.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 12.

Lamprias chlorocephalus , Steph. Mand. 1. 30, et Manual, p. 9. L. rufipes, Steph. Mand. 1. 30, et Manual, p. 9.

Brilliant shining green or cyaneous, with the thorax red. Head thickly punctured; palpi black; antennae fuscous black, with the first, second, and basal half of the third joints red. Thorax rather longer, and more narrowed behind than in the preceding species, posterior angles prominent, convex, thickly punctured, with a slight dorsal line, and a transverse impression at the base ; scutellum red. Elytra more finely punctured than in the preceding species ; thorax and breast beneath testaceous red ; abdomen bluish green ; legs red, with the tarsi fuscous black. Length 2^-3 lines.

Abundant in many parts of the kingdom on the common broom, and at the roots of the gorse. L. rufipes, Steph., is the same species.

Genus 6. BRACHINUS, Weber.

Mentum (plerumque] dente medio nullo. Ligula medio anguste cornea, lateribus membranacea ; paraglossis apice subacumi- natis, earn parum superantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo cylin-

c2

20 CARABID^E. BRACHINUS.

drico, aut subovato, apice truncato. Mandibulse firma, acuta. Labrum brevissimum, angulis anticis rotundatis, apice sub- sinuatum. Tarsi articulo quarto integro ; unguiculis simpli- cibus.

1. B. crepitans : rufo-ferrugineus ; elytris substriatis, nigro- subcyaneis ; antennarum articulo tertio quartoque abdomine- que infuscatis.

Carabus crepitans, Linn. S. N. 2. 671.

Brachinus crepitans, Fab. S. El. 1 . 219.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 1 76.

—Dej. Spec. 1.318; Icon. 1. 161.pl. 17— Sturm, D. F. 7.79.

— Steph. Mand. 1. 34, et Manual, p. 9. — Erichson, Kafer, 26.

— Heer, Faun. Helv. 14.

B. immacuHcornis, Steph. Mand. 1. 177, et Manual, p. 9. B. explodens, Steph. Mand. 1. 35, et Manual, p. 9. B. glabratus, Steph. Mand. 1. 36, et Manual, p. 9.

Ferruginous red, elytra black, blue-black, steel-blue or green- ish, pubescent. Head oblong, punctured behind, having an oblong rugose fovea on each side in front ; eyes large and black; basal joint of antennje bright red, second, third and fourth joints dusky, the rest dull pale red. Thorax oblong- cordate, narrow, acutely margined, posterior angles slightly pro- minent, disk rugosely punctate, with a fine central stria, and a faint transverse line at the base ; scutellum pitchy red. Elytra oblong-ovate, broad, shoulders rounded, sides dilated behind the middle, apex truncate, very indistinctly striated, interstices finely punctured ; head and thorax beneath red ; breast and abdomen pitchy, finely punctured, and clothed with golden pile ; legs rusty red and pubescent. Length 3-4 lines.

This little Bombardier is very abundant in the south of England; it occurs in profusion in the Undercliff, Isle of Wight ; and both in size and colour varies considerably, in the latter respect from dull black to steel-blue. The insects recorded by Mr. Stephens under the names immaculicornis, explodens and glabratus must be referred to this species. The insect is found also in the counties of Wexford and Louth in Ireland.

2. B. sclopeta : ruber ; elytris subl&vibus, cyaneis, suturd ab- breviatd ferrugined.

Carabus sclopeta, Fab. S. El. 1. 220.

Brachinus sclopeta, Clairv. Ent. Helv. 2.41 .—Dej. Spec. 1 . 322 ;

Icon. 1. 167. pi. 18.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 82. — Steph. Mand. 1.

36, et Manual, p. 9. — Curtis, Ent. pi. 554. — Heer, Faun.

Helv. 15.

Rusty red, elytra cyaneous and pubescent, with the suture

CARABIDJE. TARUS. 21

ferruginous red from the base to about two-thirds its length. Head faintly punctured behind, with an oblong rugose impression on each side in front. Thorax cordate, finely rugose-punctate. Elytra shorter and wider in proportion than in crepitans, shoulders broader and more prominent, sides very little wider behind the middle, obsoletely striated, interstices faintly punc- tured ; body beneath entirely rusty red. Length 2-3 lines.

This species is usually smaller than the smallest examples of crepitans, and in form more delicate, and may at once be recog- nized by an abbreviated red dash at the base of the suture. Its claim to be admitted into our British fauna rests apparently on very few examples ; the first recorded by Mr. Curtis as having been captured by Dr. Leach in Devonshire ; a second reputed to have been taken by the Rev. F. W. Hope at Southend; and a third, in Mr. Stephens's collection, supposed to have been found near Hastings. There are others in the collection of the late Mr. Vigors, and in that of the Rev. A. Matthews (which last were obtained from Mr. Vigors), said to have been captured in Norfolk.

Genus 7. TARUS, Clairville. (CYMINDIS, Latreille.)

Mentum dente medio integro. Ligula obtusa ; paraglossis mem- branaceis, ei aqualibus, apice rotundatis. Palpi maxillares externi filiformes, articulo ultimo cylindrico, labiales articulo ultimo securiformi. Mandibulse breves externe profunde sulcat(K. Labrum quadratum, apice truncatum. Tarsi articulis integris ; unguiculis serratis.

1 . T. humeralis : niger, parce punctatus ; elytris striatis, mar- gine laterali macula humerali ore antennis pedibusque ferrugineis.

Carabus humeralis, Fab. S. El. 1. 181.

Lebia humeralis, Dufts. Faun. 2. 240.

Cymindis humeralis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 1/2. — Dej. Spec. 1. 204;

Icon. 1. 80. pi. 8.— Sturm, D. F, 7. 8.— Erichson, Kafer, 693.

— Heer, Faun. Helv. 7. Tarus humeralis, Steph. Mand. 1. 33. pi. 2, et Manual, p. 9.

Black and glabrous. Head large, thickly punctured ; mouth, palpi and antennae red. Thorax cordate, longer than in the next species, sides less dilated and rounded in front (PI. I. f. 3), much narrowed behind, broadly margined, slightly rounded at the base, with the posterior angles minute but slightly promi-

22 CARABID.E. — TARUS.

nent, disk finely and sparingly punctured, sides more coarsely punctured, the base with a deep fovea near each hinder angle ; scutellum pitchy red, punctured. Elytra oblong-ovate, rounded at the shoulders, rather widest behind the middle, deeply striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, interstices also finely punctured, the outer margins testaceous almost to the extremity, and a large oblong patch of the same colour on the shoulders connected with the marginal streak; body beneath pitchy red, legs testaceous red. Length 4-5 lines.

This insect is larger and has a more elongate form than the next species, from which it is distinguishable in the structure and colour of the thorax, which is longer, narrower, and entirely black. It is of very rare occurrence in Britain, but according to Stephens has been taken at Swansea, and near Cuckfield, Sussex. There is a single example only in the Stephen sian collection.

2. T. axillaris : fusco-iiiger, subpubescens, subtiliter punctatus, thorace rufo, elytris punctato-striatis, margine laterali lineoldque humerali ore antennis pedibusque ferrugineis.

Carabus axillaris, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 132 (1792-8).

Tarus axillaris, Steph. Mand. 5. 388, et Manual, p. 9.

Lebia homagrica., Dufts. Faun. 2. 240.

Cymindis homagrica, Sturm, D. F. 7. 10. — Dej. Spec. 1. 208 ;

Icon. 1. 83. pi. 9.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 7.— Redt. Faun.

Aust. 74.

Tarus homagricus, Steph. Mand. 5. 369, et Manual, p. 10. T. angularis, Steph. Mand. 1. 31, et Manual, p. 10. T. Icevigatus, Steph. Mand. I. 32. T. macularis, Steph. Mand. 5. 368. T. coadnutus, Steph. Mand. 5. 369, et Manual, p. 9.

Fuscous black, slightly pubescent. Head large, black, finely punctured behind, but with the sides and an oblong impression on each side in front more coarsely punctured; palpi and antennae red. Thorax cordate, short, very wide in front (PI. I. f. 4), sides rounded below the anterior angles, much rounded behind so as to leave the posterior angles very minute, ferruginous red, thickly punctured, more coarsely so on the sides, having a slender dorsal line and a round fovea on each side at the base. Elytra wide and rather short, shoulders very prominent, dilated behind the middle, apex obliquely truncate, deeply striated, striae finely punctured, interstices thickly punctured, the punctures in some examples finer than in others, fuscous black, with an oblong patch on the shoulders, and the entire margin testaceous, and sometimes with a more or less pitchy-red spot near the extremity of the wing-cases ; thorax and breast beneath

CARABID.E. TARUS. 23

reddish, punctured ; abdomen black, smooth and shining ; legs ferruginous. Length 3|— 4 lines.

The insects recorded by Mr. Stephens under the names T. axillaris, coadnutus, lavigatus, homagricus, angularis and ma- culariSy if they have no other representatives but those contained in the Stephensian cabinet, must all be assigned to this species.

Found in chalky districts, but local. Dorking, at the foot of Box hill ; Freshwater, Isle of Wight ; at the back of the Castle in the Isle of Portland ; New Forest, &c., late in August and September, and occasionally in April and May.

3. T. vaporariorum : niger, subpubescens profunde punctatus ; elytris punctato-striatis basi ferrugineisy ore antennis pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus vaporariorum, Linn. S. N. 2. 671.

Cymindis basalis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 175. — Sturm, D. F. 7. 15.

— Redt. Faun. Aust. 74. Tarus basalis, Curtis, Ent. pi. 235.— Steph. Mand. 1. 177, et

Manual, p. 10. Cymindis punctata, Dej. Spec. 1. 214 ; Icon. 1. 92. pi. 10. —

Heer, Faun. Helv. 8.

Head and thorax black, coarsely punctured, palpi and antennae ferruginous. Thorax heart-shaped, rather narrow, sides rounded in front, contracted behind, posterior angles acute and prominent, each with a very obsolete fovea. Elytra oblong-ovate, slightly pubescent, punctate-striated, pitchy black or pitchy chestnut, with a more or less distinct red dash on the shoulders and covering the entire base ; body beneath pitchy black, deeply punctured; legs red. Length 4-4^ lines.

This insect cannot be confounded with the preceding. The form is narrower and more elongate ; the punctuation, especially on the head and thorax, is very coarse; the thorax is considerably smaller, more contracted, and has the posterior angles distinctly acute and prominent; the elytra also are narrower, the shoulders rounded and narrowed, not at all prominent like those of the preceding species, and the entire base is red, but the lateral margins concolorous with the rest of the wing-cases, and the underside is thickly punctured and pubescent.

In the Linnsean collection we find this species labelled as the true Carabus vaporariorum, Linn. I have accordingly restored the name. It is found in mountainous districts in the north of England, Scotland, and North Wales. Midgley Moor, near Halifax : " on the moors near Twizel," Mr. Selby. I have taken it abundantly on Griben Oernant, near Llangollen, about the middle of August.

24 CARABID^E. POLYSTICHUS.

Genus 8. POLYSTICHUS, Bonelli.

Men turn breve, dente medio abbreviate, dilatato, emarginato. Ligula membranacea apice obtusa, paraglossis membranaceis, ei adnatis. Palpi articulo ultimo paulb crassiore, subsecuri- formi. Mandibulse breviusculce vix prominulce. Labrum

quadratum, apice truncatum.

«

1. P. fasciolatus : brunneus,pubescens, valdepunctatus, elytrorum vittd abbreviatd pectore abdomine pedibusque ferrugineis.

Carabus fasciolatus, Oliv. Ent. 3. 33.

Galerita fasciolata, Fab. S. El. 1. 216.

Polystichus fasciolatus, Sturm, D. F. 7. 69. — Dej. Spec. 1. 194;

Icon. 1.72. pi. 7.— Steph.Mand. 1. 13.— Curtis, Ent.pl. 2£3.

— Heer, Faun. Helv. 6. P. vittatus, Steph. Manual, p. 10.

Pitchy red, pubescent. Head much produced in front, and coarsely punctured; palpi and antennae rusty red. Thorax elongate, heart-shaped, sides rounded in front, much narrowed behind, posterior angles acute, coarsely punctured, with an oblong fovea on each side at the base. Elytra very pubescent, with a red streak extending from the base to about the middle of each elytron, shoulders rounded, sides parallel, apex truncate, deeply striated, the stria? and interstices thickly and finely punctured : head and thorax beneath pitchy red, coarsely punctured ; abdomen pale, very minutely punctured ; legs rusty red. Length 5 lines.

Very rare. " Once in profusion under a heap of stones, near Southwold, Suffolk, in April 1828." C. J. Hewitson, Esq. I captured a single specimen near Sandown, in the Isle of Wight, in April 1846.

Subfam. 2. SCARITIDES, Westwood. Genus 9. CLIVINA, Latreille.

Mentum dente medio acuto, lobis lateralibus cequali. Ligula cornea, elongata, acuminata : paraglossis membranaceis, an- gustis, linearibus, lignite cequalibus. Palpi articulo ultimo acuminato. Mandibulse mediocres, subdentat<K. Labrum breve, truncatum. Tibise antica? extus dentatce, intermedia? extus ante apicem spind armatce.

1 . C. fossor : nigro-picea, thorace subquadrato, elytris elongatis, subparallelis, striato-punctatis, punctis quatuor impressis ; (tntcnnis pedibusque rufa.

CARABID^E. CLIVINA. 25

Tenebrio fossor, Linn. F. S. 817 ; S. N. 2. 675. Scarites fossor, 111. Kafer, 3.— Dufts. Faun. 2. 5. Clivina fossor, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 169.— Steph. Mand. 1. 39, etManual,p. 11. — Erichson, Kafer, 35. — Heer,Faun.Helv. 16. Scarites arenarius, Fab. S. El. 1. 125.— Sturm, D. F. 2. 128. Clivina arenaria, Dej. Spec. 1. 413. — Icon. 1. 215. pi. 23.

This species is pitchy black, with the margins of the elytra and sometimes the suture pitchy red. Head with a deep rugged fovea on each side and a small impression on the crown, palpi and antennae ferruginous. Thorax nearly quadrate, broadest behind at the posterior angles, disk more or less transversely strigose, the dorsal furrow met in front by a transverse stria which encloses a narrow space. Elytra elongate, sides almost parallel, narrowed towards the apex, deeply striated, the strise punctured, the third with four remote impressions, and the margins with numerous large punctures ; legs ferruginous red. Length 3 lines.

Common in marshy places, on river banks, &c.

2. C. collaris : rufo-brunnea, thorace castaneo, quadrato, ely- tris elongatis, subparallelis, striato-punctatis, punctis quatuor impressis.

Carabus collaris, Herbst, Archiv, 5. 141.

Clivina collaris, Steph. Mand. 1. 40, et Manual, p. 11. — Curtis,

Ent. pi. 175.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 16.— Putz. Mon. 76. 16. Cl. fossor, var. b, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 169. Cl. arenaria, var. b, Dej. Spec. 1. 413 ; Icon. 1. 215. pi. 23.

Smaller, narrower, and more elongate in proportion than the preceding; the thorax chestnut-brown, the rest of the insect ferruginous. Head shorter and rounder than in fossor. Thorax more quadrate, less dilated at the posterior angles, and the disk smoother. Elytra narrower and more elongate in appearance, rather widest behind the middle, less narrowed towards the apex, less deeply striated, but the four impressions on the third stria more distinct. If its distinctive characters are slight, they are at any rate constant, and its colour is unvariable ; the size also is uniformly less than that of the preceding species.

Local. " Beneath stones by the side of the Tyne and Dervvent in May and June," Messrs. Hardy and Bold. " Common in Battersea fields," Mr. Stephens. It is found also in Scotland.

Genus 10. DYSCHIRIUS, Panzer.

Mentum dente media minirno. Ligula cornea, elongata, apice obtusa ; paraglossis coriaceis, abbreviatis. Palpi articuln

26

CARABID.E. DYSCHIRIUS.

ultimo acuminato. Mandibulse mediocres, muticce. Tibiae anticae extus bidenticulata, apice products, intermedise sim- plices.

1. D. inerxnis: nigro-carulescens vel aneo-piceus, nitidus, ore antennisque ferruyineis, elytris oblongo-ovatis, striato- punctatis, punctis tribus impressis, tibiis anticis extus inermibus.

Curtis, Ent. pi. 354.— Steph. Mand. 5. 369, et Manual, p. 11.

— Putz. Mon. 53.

Dyschirius arenosus, Putz. Mon. 48.

D. digitatus, Steph. Mand. 1. 42, et Manual, p. 12.

D. fulvipes, Steph. Mand. 5. 3/0, et Manual, p. 12.

Bluish black or pitchy aeneous, shining ; palpi and antennae at the base ferruginous, the latter dusky towards the apex. Thorax subrotundate and rather globose in front, but narrowed behind, the dorsal furrow deeply impressed, and met in front by a curved transverse channel, the base with a transverse row of punctures. Elytra oblong-ovate, slightly rounded at the sides (PL I. f. 9), strongly striated, the striae finely punctured, the third from the suture with three deeper impressions ; legs pitchy red, femora darker, anterior tibiae terminated by two strong spines, the outer one largest and incurved, but without any appearance of the usual denticulations on the tibia externally. Length 2^ lines.

This species is described in Putzeys' Monographie as D. iner- mis, Curt. ; it is also identical with D. arenosus, Putz., of the same work, but not, as that author was led to believe, with arenosus , Steph. The latter insect must be assigned to thoracicus. D. digitatus and fulvipes belong to the present species. Clivina fulvipes, Dej., is unique in the Dejeanian collection. The localities given for this insect are the coasts of Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex.

2. D. nitidus : <eneus, nitidus ; thorace subrotundato, elytris elongato-ovatis, punctato-striatis, stria marginali ad hu- merum abbreviatd, tibiis anticis extus obtuse bidenticulatis.

Clivina nitida, Dej. Spec. 1. 421 ; Icon. 1. 218. pi. 123.—

Ahrens, Archiv, no. 1. Dyschirius nitidus, Steph. Mand. 1. 40, et Manual, p. 11. —

Erichson, Kiifer, 37.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 17. — Putz. Mon.49.

Shining brassy. Head with a deep rugose impression on each side between the eyes united in front by a transverse elevated line, running parallel to which are some minute striae ; mouth, mandibles, palpi and basal joint of the antennae rusty red, apex of the palpi and of the antennae pitchy. Thorax wide, rather

CARAB1DJE. DYSCHIRIUS. 27

narrowed below the anterior angles ; thence evidently dilated about the middle and somewhat rounded, but again narrowed behind ; disk very convex, with a deep central line bordered by numerous wrinkles and met in front by a transverse oblique stria, which also is wrinkled or striated below. Elytra wider than the thorax, elongate-ovate, having the shoulders rather elevated, very convex, strongly striated, especially at the base and next the suture, the stride distinctly punctured except at the extremity, the marginal stria abbreviated at the shoulder, the first and second next the suture carried almost to the apex, the third and fourth unite before the apex, the fifth and sixth also unite, the seventh and eighth are carried round the margin to the extremity of the suture, where they unite and form a strongly impressed loop (PL I. f. 10) : the underside of the body is brownish black, the legs pitchy red, thighs somewhat brassy, anterior tibiae stout and furnished with two strong spines at the extremity of equal length, and a smaller one near the notch, being armed likewise externally with two obtuse teeth. Length 2£ lines.

This species, the largest of our indigenous Dyschirii, is not very common. Mr. Stephens gives as its localities the shores of the Thames and Humber, but I suspect that examples of salinus, a species not uncommon in those localities, have been mistaken for it. It is found on the Norfolk and Lincolnshire coasts, near Liverpool, &c.

3. D. politus : aneus, nitidus ; thorace oblongo-ovato, elytris elongatis, subparallelis, punctato-striatis, stria marginali ad humerum abbreviatd ; tibiis anticis extus obsolete biden- ticulatis.

Clivina polita, Dej. Spec. 1. 422; Icon. 1. 220.pl. 23. Dyschirius politus, Steph. Mand. 1 . 4 1, et Manual, p. 1 1 . — Erich- son, Kafer, 38.— Redt. Faun. Aust. 79. — Putz. Mon. 46. 50. Clivina elongata, Ahrens, Archiv, no. 8. C. metallica, Ahrens, Archiv, no. 5. Dyschirius cylindricus, Steph. Manual, p. 12.

Elongate, subparallel, rather narrowed towards the extremity, brassy and shining ; mouth, mandibles, base of the palpi and of the antennae rusty red. Thorax oblong-ovate, with the sides more rounded in some examples than in others, and usually more dilated and straight in the ? than in the <$. Elytra broad and somewhat elevated at the shoulders, sides not quite parallel but gradually decreasing in width (PL I. f. 11), punc- tate-striated, the stria? most impressed at the base and next the suture and continued to the extremity, except the third and

28 CARABID^E. — DYSCHIRIUS.

fourth and the fifth and sixth which unite and terminate before it, but they are all much finer as they approach the apex, the punctuation on the striae likewise disappears before the apex, and the third interstice has three deeper impressions ; the anterior tibiae are furnished with two long spines at their tip and a shorter one near the notch, and armed externally with two obsolete denticulations (PL I. f. 13), which in some examples appear like two faint protuberances, but in others are rather more distinct ; femora pitchy, tibise and tarsi reddish. Length 2 lines.

This species is local, but has been taken rather plentifully at Lowestoff (Zool. p. 1671) and elsewhere, on the Suffolk, Norfolk and Lincolnshire coasts ; and near Bridlington, Yorkshire. D. cylindricus, Steph., belongs to this species : the true Clivina cylin- drica, Dej., has not, as far as I am aware, been found in Britain.

4. D. salinus : aneus, nitidus ; thorace brevi subrotundato ; elytris subparallelis, striatis, striis profunde punctatis, punctis e medio evanescentibus ; pedibus rufo-piceis, tibiis anticis extus fortiter bidenticulatis.

Schaum, Germ. Zeitsch. 4. 180.— Putz. Mon. 48. 29.— Redt.

Faun. Aust. 79.

Dyschirius rufipes, Steph. Mand. 5. 369.

D. punctatusy Steph. Mand. 5. 370, et Manual, p. 12.

Shining brassy, bluish or greenish brass. Head with two oblong depressions enclosing a central longitudinal ridge between them, which latter is crossed in front by several transverse lines ; base of the palpi and of the antennae red, the rest pitchy. Thorax short and a little globose, the sides being more or less dilated in the middle and regularly rounded, the central line distinctly marked and met in front by a transverse impression, which is bordered on both sides by numerous fine longitudinal striae. Elytra oblong, sides somewhat parallel or very slightly rounded, apex not attenuated, distinctly striated, striae coarsely and deeply punctured (PI. I. f. 12) till behind the middle, where the punctuation becomes indistinct and the striae are continued to the extremity very finely, the marginal punctured stria is carried over the shoulder, and the third interstice has three larger im- pressions ; legs pitchy red ; anterior tibiae armed externally with two teeth, the one nearest the apex being stout, acute and straight (PI. I. f. 14). Length If line.

This species is very distinct from and smaller than the pre- ceding ; the thorax is shorter and more oval ; the elytra are more parallel and not narrowed at the extremity, and the punctuation is extremely distinct ; the exterior denticulations of the anterior tibise larger and more acute.

CARABID.E. DYSCHIRIUS. 29

It is found in salt marshes and on the banks of tidal rivers : shores of the Thames below Gravesend ; Southend; Whitstable and Herne Bay; Lymington Salterns; near Sandown Castle, Deal; shores of the Humber, &c. ; also on " Portrain sands and Holy- wood shore in Ireland/' A. H. Holiday.

5. D. obscurus : obscure emeus vel nigro-virescens, thorace sub-

globoso, elytris ovatis, profunde striatis, striis impunctatis, tibiis anticis extus acute bidenticulatis.

Clivina obscura, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 456. — Putz. Mon. 16. 8.

This species is smaller and narrower than salinus, and may be recognized by its elongate and cylindric form, and more especially by the deeply impressed strife on the elytra, entirely smooth and impunctate; the anterior tibia? are armed externally with two distinct teeth, of which the one at the extremity is as large as the corresponding one in salinus ; it is black beneath and obscure brassy or greenish black above, with the antennae and legs pitchy red. Length If line.

M. Putzeys informs us that M. Reiche possesses a specimen which was captured in England, and that it is rather common on the opposite coast at Ostend. I have never met with it among our indigenous species, but take this opportunity of calling the attention of my brother-entomologists to an insect which has been secured in England by a foreign collector. Mr. Haliday, however, informs me that he has captured it on the sandy shores of Lough Neagh.

6. D. impimctipennis : capite thoraceque rotundato nigro-ob-

scuris, elytris piceo-castaneis, oblongo-ovatis, profunde striatis, striis impunctatis, tibiis anticis extus obsoletissime bidenticulatis. (PI. I. f. A.)

Beneath black, head- and thorax obscure black, sometimes pitchy ; elytra deep pitchy chestnut, sometimes seneous. Head with an oblong depression behind the eyes, palpi and antenna? rusty red, the base palest. Thorax obovate, truncate in front, very slightly narrowed below the anterior angles, sides gradually rounded, globose behind ; disk convex with an impressed central line terminating in front in the usual transverse impression, which latter is bordered by numerous longitudinal striae. Elytra oblong-ovate, obliquely sloped in front towards the shoulders which are elevated, the sides very moderately rounded, convex, deeply striated, the striae deepest at the base next the suture, all the striae impunctate, except that in an occasional example some

30 CARABID^:. — DYSCHIRIUS.

obsolete impressions are discernible under a magnifying glass scattered here and there irregularly ; the anterior tibiae terminate in two strong spines, of which the outer one is stoutest, rather longest and incurved, they are also furnished externally with two very obsolete teeth. Length 2 lines.

I captured three examples of this very distinct species, which I have now described for the first time, by a stream on the Small- mouth sands near Weymouth.

7. D. thoracicus : census , nitidus, thorace rotundato, elytris ovatis subtiliter punctato-striatis, stria marginali per basin con- tinuata, tibiis anticis extus acute bidentatis.

Scarites thoracicus, Fab. S. El. 1. 125.

Clivina thoracica, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 1/0.— Dej. Spec. 1. 426 ;

Icon. 1. 224. pi. 24. Dyschirius thoracicus, Erichson, Kafer, 36. — Heer, Faun. Helv.

16.— Putz. Mon. 13. 4.

D. arenosus, (Leach) Steph. Mand. 1. 41, et Manual, p. 12. Clivina niyra ?, Ahrens, Archiv, no. 10.

Above brassy or bronzed, sometimes pitchy. Head small, deeply foveated on each side between the eyes, with two elevated transverse ridges in front ; mouth, mandibles (except the tip which is black), basal joint of the antenna, and base of the two next joints red. Thorax very globose with a strong dorsal furrow, deepest at the base, and the usual transverse impression, bordered on both sides by numerous fine longitudinal stria3 in the <$ . Elytra exactly ovate, slightly narrowed in front, shoulders rounded off, sides also rounded and a little narrowed at the apex, distinctly but finely punctate-striated, more faintly so at the extremity, the third interstice with three impressions, the upper one sometimes wanting, the marginal stria carried over the shoulder; anterior tibiae acutely dentate externally (PI. I. f. 15), the apical tooth largest ; legs (except the anterior femora) ferru- ginous. Length 1J line.

The more ovate and less parallel form, of this insect distin- guishes it from any of the foregoing except impunctipennis, from which it differs in having the stria? distinctly punctured, and by the acute denticulations of the anterior tibia?, as well as in other particulars. D. arenosus of Stephens' s collection is an immature example of this species.

This insect is found in great profusion on the sands near the Chesil Beach, Isle of Portland ; at Bridlington, Yorkshire ; and also on many other parts of the coasts of England, Scotland and Ireland.

CARABID^E. DYSCHIRIUS. 31

8. D. jejunus : capita thoraceque nigro-cmeis, capite rugoso,

thorace ovato, elytris amis, elongatis, erebre punctato- striatis, tibiis anticis extus fortiter bidentatis. (PI. I. f. B.)

This insect has the head and thorax brassy black, the former rather obscure ; elytra brassy or brownish brass. Head rugose, transversely strigose in front, with some traces of a longitudinal elevation, which is lost in the rugosity which entirely covers the head ; mouth, mandibles, base of the palpi and three joints at the base of the antennae red. Thorax ovate, very slightly narrowest in front, rather widest about the region of the posterior angles, convex, having a distinct dorsal furrow deepest at the base and towards the apex and the usual transverse impression in front, which is strongly striated longitudinally both above and below, the disk of the thorax being otherwise wrinkled. Elytra elongate, shoulders slightly elevated, sides appearing at first sight parallel, but in reality widest in front and a little narrowed behind, apex rounded, very finely punctate-striated, more faintly so before the apex, interstices flat ; legs red, anterior tibiae furnished with two long spines at their extremity of equal length, but the outer one much stouter, slightly curved and obtuse at the tip ; armed likewise externally with two distinct strong obtuse teeth, the lower one largest. Length If line.

We are indebted to the exertions of Mr. Bold of Newcastle for the discovery of this unique species. Two examples were captured by him on a damp sandy bank by the river Irthing a little above Lanercost Abbey, Cumberland, in June. They were returned to him from Paris as entirely unknown. Mr. Bold having kindly placed them at my disposal for the purpose, I have for the first time introduced them as a new species.

9. D. seneus : emeus, nitidus ; thorace breviter ovato, elytris ob-

longo-ovatis, punctato-striatis, stria marginali ad humerum abbreviatd, tibiis anticis extus acute bidenticulatis.

Clivina <znea, Dej. Spec. 1. 423; Icon. 1. 221. pi. 24. Dyschirius ceneus, Steph. Mand. 1. 42, et Manual, p. 12. —

Erichsori, Kafer, 39. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 17.— Putz. Mon.

27. 23.

D. thnradcus, Steph. Mand. I. 41, et Manual, p. 11. D. tristis, Steph. Mand. 1. 43, et Manual, p. 12. D. ceratus, Haliday, Zool. Journal. — Steph. Mand. 1. 178, et

Manual, p. 11. D. pusillus, Steph. Mand. 5. 370, et Manual, p. 12.

Above brassy, bronzed or bluish black. Head transversely strigose in front, having a deep oblong fovea on each side ; man- dibles, base of the palpi and of the antennae red. Thorax ovate,

32 CARABIDJE. — DYSCHIRIUS.

truncate in front, rather widest behind the middle, with a distinct dorsal line bordered by some transverse wrinkles and with the usual impression in front furnished with numerous rugose longi- tudinal stria? in the c£, glabrous in the ? . Elytra ovate, convex, base sloped towards the humeral angles which are prominent, sides rather narrowed in front, then rounded, and the apex a little contracted, punctate-striated, more faintly at the extremity, interstices with three impressions ; the anterior tibiae armed with two distinct teeth, of which that at the apex is largest, longest and most acute. Length li line.

This species is variable in form and somewhat in colour. M. Putzeys quotes four varieties, all of which blend more or less into each other. The first, which may be considered the type, as it comprehends the greatest number in the Dejeanian collection, has the thorax rather narrowed in front, the anterior angles rect- angular, and the elytra about twice as long as they are wide, their base truncate, shoulders prominent, sides widest towards the middle and contracted behind, the striae unequal but distinctly marked to their extremity. The second variety has the thorax narrower and very globose. The third has the thorax also narrower, but more elongate, more contracted before and behind, the elytra are wider and the striaa more regular, and the punctures coarser. The fourth variety has the elytra longer and their base more rounded.

D. tristis, Stephens, is a dark variety of this species, to which also aratus, Haliday, and pusillus, Stephens (not Dejean), must be referred. The true Clivina pusilla, Dej., is from the Caucasus.

This species is widely distributed, and occurs in England, Scotland, and (very rarely) in Ireland. I have taken it in pro- fusion in the muddy deposits in the fens about "Whittlesea Mere. The variety aratus, with a fold down the forehead, was found near Holywood in Ireland. Some remarkably slender examples occur in the Isle of Wight, and both there and at Whittlesea Mere occasional specimens of the black or blue-black variety are found.

10. D. globosus : nigro-ceneus, nitidus ; thoracerotundato, elytris ovatis, striato-punctatis, apice l&vibus, tibiis anticis extus bidenticulatis.

Scarites globosus, Herbst, Archiv, 142. 58. t. 29 (1783). Dyschirius globosus, Putz. Mon. 19. 12. Scarites gibbus, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 96 (1/92). Clivina gibba, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 171.— Dej. Spec. 1. 428 ; Icon. 1. 227. pi. 25.

CARABID^E. CYCHRUS. 66

Dyschirius gibbus, Steph. Mand. 1. 43, et Manual, p. 12. Clivina minima, Ahrens, Archiv. no. 13.

Dyschirius minimus, Curtis, Ent. pi. 354. — Steph. Mand. 5. 370, et Manual, p. 12.

Bronze or bluish brass. Head with a deep oblong fovea on each side enclosing a strongly elevated ridge between them ; mouth, base of the palpi and of the antennae red. Thorax very convex, sides rather globose, finely channeled down the centre and transversely wrinkled. Elytra ovate, not much wider in front than the thorax, shoulders rounded, sides dilated at the middle, apex again narrower and rounded, very convex, strongly punctate-striated, the punctured striae vanishing before the apex, and the marginal one abbreviated at the shoulders ; legs pitchy red, sometimes paler, femora occasionally darker, anterior tibia? armed with two minute teeth externally, the apical one most distinct. Length 1 line.

This insect is commonly distributed and usually occurs in great abundance. The small variety described by Mr. Curtis under the name minimus presents no constant characters, beyond its uniform inferiority in size, to separate it satisfactorily, and is now, I believe, generally admitted to be a small local variety. It is found in vast profusion on the alluvial deposits in the vicinity of Whittlesea Mere, in May and June. Also in many other parts of the kingdom both inland and on the coast.

Subfam. 3. CARABIDES, Westwood.

Genus 11. CYCHRUS, Fabricius.

Mentum dente media nullo. Ligula minuta subacuminata ; para- glossis vix ullis. Palpi articulo ultimo fortiter securiformi. Mandibulse elongate angustatce intus dentate. Labrum bi- fidum. Tarsi in utroque sexu simplices.

1. C. rostratus : ater ; thorace angustato, postice transverslm im- pressu, angulis posticis subrotundatis elevatis ; elytris ovatis punctato-granulatis margine carinatis.

Tenebrio rostratus, Linn. F. S. 923; S.N. 2. 677.

Cychrus rostratus, Fab. S. El. 1. 165.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2.71 . — Dej. Spec. 2. 8 ; Icon. 1. 260. pi. 28.— Steph. Mand. 1. 45, et Manual, p. 13.— Curtis, Ent. pl.426.— Erichson, Kafer, 11.

Deep black. Head very narrow and elongate, slightly rugose- punctate, with an elevated line on each side at the base of the antennae, the apex of the latter ferruginous. Thorax narrow, truncate in front, sides rounded and widest in the middle, con-

D

34 CARABID^E. CARABTJS.

tracted behind, posterior angles subrotundate and elevated, disk finely but thickly rugose-punctate, with the usual dorsal furrow slightly impressed, base with a deep transverse depression. Elytra wide, ovate, very convex, the apex slightly acuminated, having a distinct furrow on each side and the margins strongly inflexed, the entire surface finely punctured and granulated and marked with three obsolete interrupted lines which together with the suture are rather more elevated ; body beneath shining black, legs elongate. Length 8 lines.

Widely distributed and frequently abundant in sand and gravel pits, under stones and among dead leaves in woods throughout the kingdom.

Genus 12. CARABUS, Auctorum.

Mentum dente medio lobis lateralibus cequali. Ligula brevis, leviter acuminata ; paraglossis coriaceis, ei contiguis, eamque super antibus. Palpi articulo ultimo securiformi. Mandibulse unidentata, incurva. Labruin breve, apice plerumque emar- ginatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis quatuor dilatatis, subtus spongiosis.

1. C. intricatus : elongatus, cyaneus ; thorace subcordato, an- gulis posticis acuminatis ; elytris rugosis triseriatim sub- tuberculatis.

Linn. F. S. 780.— Oliv. Ent. 3. 35. pi. 20.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 54. — Steph. Mand. 1. 47, et Manual, p. 14. — Erichson, Kafer, 12.

C. cyaneus, Fab. Mant. 1. 195.— Fab. S. El. 1. 171.— Dej. Spec. 2. 176 ; Icon. 2. 33. pi. 67.

Head large, black with a violet tinge, forehead rugose with a deep impression on each side; four joints at the base of the antennae black and glabrous, the remainder fuscous and pubes- cent. Thorax somewhat cordate, attenuated behind, the margins elevated and the posterior angles acuminated, disk transversely rugose on each side the dorsal furrow, cyaneous or greenish with the margins blackish. Elytra elongate, rather wider than the thorax, sides dilated beyond the middle, apex obliquely sinuated, deep violaceous, covered with rugose irregular elevated striae, each elytron with three more distinct series of elevated oblong tubercles of a bronze colour forming interrupted lines ; underside of the body glossy blue-black ; legs black. Length 12-14 lines.

This grand species is very rare in this country, and appears to be almost exclusively confined to the south-west district border-

CARABIDvE. CARABUS.

35

ing on the Forest of Dartmoor. The first specimen was captured by Dr. Leach near Tavistock and is in the British Museum. It was subsequently found near Holsworthy and Ashburton. Four or five individuals were taken from under the moss and lichens growing on the lower part of the trunks of trees in the woods at Bickleigh Vale, Devonshire, by the Rev. Mr. Hoare of Devonport, two of which are unfortunately lost to this country. The only example which has occurred in the vicinity of the metropolis, as far as I am aware, is in the collection of W. Stan- hope Taylor, Esq., who himself found it in a stable at Croydon.

2. C. catenulatus : oblongo-ovatus, niger, thoracis limbo elytro-

rumque margine cyaneis ; elytris crenato-striatis, interstitiis subrugosis punctisque excavatis triplici serie.

Scopoli, Ent. Cam. 86 (1763).— Fab. Ent. S. 1. 125 (1792).— Fab. S. El. 1. 170.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 57.— Dej. Spec. 2. 68 ; Icon. 1. 321. pi. 42.— Steph. Mand. 1. 48, et Manual, p. 14. — Erichson, Kafer, 14.

Oblong-ovate, black, head and thorax sometimes with a violet tinge, margins of the thorax and elytra cyaneous. Head ob- soletely punctulated and strigose, antennae black and glabrous at the base, the upper joints fuscous and pubescent. Thorax cordate, the lateral margins considerably elevated and produced behind, densely rugose-punctate, the dorsal line very slender. Elytra oblong-ovate, much wider than the thorax, black, with the margins bright violaceous or cyaneous, with about sixteen elevated and interrupted lines on each, the third, seventh and eleventh from the suture more elevated than the rest, having also some larger remote punctures, the interstices granulated and rather rugose; underside of the body and legs wholly black. Length 10-12 lines.

Abundant throughout the kingdom, and in profusion on the Welch Mountains.

3. C. monilis : oblongo-ovatus, ceneus, viridis, inter dum violaceus;

elytris elevato-trilineatis lined media magis elevatd, tuber- culisque oblongis interruptis triplici serie alternis.

Fab. Ent. S. 1. 126.— Fab. S. El. 1. 171.— Sturm, D. F. 3. 64. —Dej. Spec. 2. 73 ; Icon. 1. 326. pi. 43.— Steph. Mand. 1. 49, et Manual, p. 14. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 22.

Var. ft. C. consitus, Panz. Faun. 108. 3.— Steph. Mand. 5. 371, et Manual, p. 14.

Above green coppery or more rarely violaceous. Head rugosely punctate with a shallow depression on each side and an elevated

D2

36 CARABID.E. — CARABTIS.

irregular ridge between it and the antennae, the four basal joints of the latter with the mandibles and palpi black and shining, the rest of the antennse fuscous. Thorax short, margins broadly reflexed especially at the hinder angles which are produced, finely granulated and rugose. Elytra oblong-ovate, narrowest in front, margins reflexed, having three series of elevated interrupted lines so as to present the appearance of oblong tubercles more or less raised : between these elevated lines are three raised strise, of which the intermediate one is most elevated and together with the suture usually blackish, the interstices regularly punctulate and the margins coarsely rugose and granulated ; body beneath and legs shining black. Length 11-13 lines.

This species is pretty generally distributed. C. consitus is only a longer and more distinctly marked variety, having the longitudinal lines and raised tubercles on the elytra more elevated. Purple varieties of monilis occasionally occur, but the large and handsome purple, blue or grass-green examples of the variety /3. so common in France, are not found in England.

4. C. arvensis : oblong o-ovatus, viridi-tzneus cupreus ; elytris elevato-striatis, tuberculis oblongis elevatis triplici serie in- ter'stitiisque obsolete punctatis.

Fab. Mant. 1. 196 (1787).— Fab. S. El. 1. 174.— Payk. Mon. 2l._ Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 61. — Dej. Spec. 2. 75 ; Icon. 1.3. 30. pi. 44. — Steph. Mand. 1. 51, et Manual, p. 15. — Erichson, Kafer, 15.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 23.

Oblong-ovate, much smaller than the preceding species ; above greenish or brilliant reddish copper or brassy. Head as in the preceding species. Thorax narrower, sides rounded, the margins re- flexed and the posterior angles produced and rounded, the surface distinctly punctured and wrinkled, having an impressed fovea on each side at the base. Elytra oblong-ovate, rather narrowed in front, widest behind the middle, having on each elytron a triple series of elevated oblong tubercles, between which are three raised strise, the middle one broadest and most conspicuous with a few irregular punctures on it and the interstices very regularly and faintly punctured, the margins rugose and granulated with a row of small raised tubercles in front ; underside of body and the legs black. Length 8-10 lines.

A very variable insect in colour; the more brilliant coppery examples are most frequent, but occasionally individuals occur which are entirely violaceous or very dark brassy black. It is somewhat local, but far from uncommon in the spring on sandy heaths in the south of England, particularly in and near the

CARABID.E. CARABUS.

37

New Forest, Hants, and at Poole, Dorset. It is found in Epping Forest and on Wimbledon Common, and Mr. Dale has captured it in Cumberland and Westmoreland, and Dr. Leach in the Isle of Arran. I found a dark blue variety also on Snowdon. " Hills near Belfast/' A. H. Haliday, Esq.

5. C. granulatus : oblonyus, subdepressus, obscure fusco-ceneus ;

thorace quadrato, angulis posticis vix productis ; elytris elongatis, costis integris elevatis tuberculisque oblongis tri- plici serie alternis, interstitiis subrugosis.

Linn. F. S. 781.— Miiller, Prod. Zool. Dan. 75 (1776).— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 62.— Dej. Spec. 2. 106; Icon. 1. 361. pi. 51.— Steph. Manual, p. 14. C. cancellatus, Fab. S. El. 1. 176.— Sturm, D. F. 3. 49.—

Steph. Mand. 1. 50.— Erichson, Kafer, 16.— Heer, Faun.

Helv. 24.

Above fuscous brassy or brassy black, sometimes greenish, rather depressed. Head narrow, finely punctured, having on each side an oblong impression, and an elevated fold between that and the antennse. Thorax quadrate, rather small, with the posterior margins elevated and the hinder angles very slightly produced, disk rugosely punctured, base depressed and with two fovese. Elytra oblong, sides very little widest behind, apex slightly acuminated, each elytron with three series of elevated oblong tubercles, and three elevated lines alternately, the inter- stices being also finely granulated and the margins furnished with a continuous series of small raised tubercles, and otherwise coarsely granulated; body beneath and legs black. Length 8-10 lines.

Abundant in damp marshy places in rotten willows, on banks of pools under refuse, &c. throughout the kingdom.

6. C. cancellatus : oblongus, fusco-aneus ; elytris costis integris

elevatis tuberculisque oblongis triplici serie alternis, inter- stitiis subrugosis ; antennarum articulo primo rufo, femo: ribus inter dum rufis.

111. Kafer, 1. 154.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 64.— Dej. Spec. 2. 99 ; Icon. I. 351. pi. 49. — Steph. Manual, p. 15. — Erichson, Kafer, 15.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 23.

C. granulatus, Fab. Mant. 1. 197.— Fab. El. 1. 176.— Sturm, D. F. 3. 42.— Steph. Mand. 1. 51. pi. 4.

This species is nearly allied to the preceding, but is usually larger and more convex ; the thorax is more narrowed behind, and the elytra more ovate and the colour usually brighter ; the

38 CARABID^E. CARABUS.

basal joint of the antennae is large and red and the thighs occa- sionally red also. Length 8-10 lines.

Stephens informs us that "four examples only of this insect have occurred in Britain ; they were taken in a chalk-pit near Gravesend in the spring of 1826."

7. C. clathratus : oblong o-ovatus, nigro-aneus ; elytris costis

tribus integris elevatis foveisque aureis triplici serie alternis.

Linn. F. S. 782.— Fab. S. El. 1. 176.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 67.— Sturm, D. F. 3. 102.— Dej. Spec. 2. 108 ; Icon. 1. 363. pi. 51 .— Steph. Mand. 1. 54, et Manual, p. 15.— Erichson, Kafer, 16.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 25.

Head black, obsoletely punctate and strigose, with an oblong fovea and an elevated ridge on each side ; four joints at the base of the antennae black, the rest fuscous and pubescent. Thorax quadrate and short, rather narrowed in front, sides rounded, margins elevated especially behind, posterior angles rounded, disk brassy black, with a deep central furrow profoundly im- pressed about the middle and on each side behind a deep bilobed fovea, very finely punctulated throughout. Elytra narrowed in front, dilated behind the middle, greenish or brownish brass or fuscous black, with three elevated ribs, the one close to the suture being less elevated, the interstices finely granulated, each with a single row of deep round coppery or golden fovea?, and between every two an oblong raised tubercle presenting the appearance of an elevated interrupted line, the margins finely granulated and with a continuous series of small round coppery fovese ; under side of the body and legs shining black. Length 11-13 lines.

This insect is reported to have been taken several years ago in Halvergate Marsh, Norfolk. It is very abundant on the coast of Ireland and in many parts of Scotland. " Clova mountains, Forfarshire; abundant in Mull, Hebrides, &c." Murray's Cata- logue of Scottish Coleoptera.

8. C. auratus : oblong o-ovatus, viridis ; elytris costis tribus

elevatis, interstitiis sublcevibus ; antennarum basi, pedibus- que rufis.

Linn. F. S. 786.— Fab. S. El. 1. 1 75.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 68.— Sturm, D. F. 3. 33.— Dej. Spec. 2. 1 1 1 ; Icon. 1 . 367. pi. 53.— Steph. Mand. 1. 55. pi. 3, et Manual, p. 16. — Erichson, Kafer, 17.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 25.

Head green, rather coppery in the middle, punctured and rugose, having an oblong impression on each side; mouth, mandibles and four joints at the base of the antennae red, tip of the mandibles pitchy and the upper joints of the antennse fuscous.

CARABID.E. CARABUS. 39

Thorax short, truncate in front, sides rounded, contracted behind and the posterior angles produced and rather acuminated, shining green, with the centre and margins golden green, punctured and transversely strigose, having an indistinct fovea on each side at the base and a well-marked central line. Elytra oblong-ovate, narrowed in front, apex notched and acuminated, brilliant golden green, the suture and margins reddish copper, each elytron with three elevated obtuse costse abbreviated before and behind, inter- stices deeply channeled and very finely granulated, margins with a series of deep punctures; legs red. Length 10-12 lines.

Of rare occurrence in England, though very abundant on the French coast. It has been taken near Dover, Southampton and Exmouth ; I have an example which was captured near Lowestoff. It has also been found at Lough Bray in Ireland by Mr. Coulter.

9. C. nitens : ovatus, aureo-cupreus ; elytris viridibus, margine

aureis, suturd costisque tribus elevatis nigris, interstitiis transversim rugoso-reticulatis.

Linn. F. S. 785.— Fab. S. El. 1. 177.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2./0.— Sturm, D. F. 3. 37.— Dej. Spec. 2. 121 ; Icon. 1. 377. pi. 55.— Steph. Mand. 1. 56, et Manual, p. 16. — Erichson, Kafer, 17.

Head and thorax more or less brilliant coppery red or greenish, the former narrow and finely punctured. Thorax narrow in front, sides equally rounded, posterior angles rounded and very slightly produced, disk finely punctured throughout, the dorsal line and basal foveae very slight. Elytra ovate, narrower in front, silken green with the margins reddish copper, the suture and three elevated, more or less interrupted costse on each obscurely coppery or blackish, interstices deeply channeled and finely rugose, somewhat reticulated; body beneath and legs black. Length 7-8 lines.

Abundant in the south of England, in the New Forest and on Parley Heath and near Poole ; also in Yorkshire, Durham, and in Scotland ; and near Belfast in Ireland.

10. C. violaceus : elongatus, niger, thoracis limbo elytrorumque

margine violaceis, elytris subtiliter granulatis.

Linn. F. S. 787.— Fab. S. El. 1. 170.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 56.— Dej. Spec. 2. 132 ; Icon. 1. 389. pi. 58.— Steph. Mand. 1. 52, et Manual, p. 15. C. purpurascens, Fab. S. El. 1. 170.— Steph. Mand. 1. 48, et

Manual, p. 15. C. exasperatus, Curtis, Ent. pi. 446. — Steph. Mand. 5. 371,

et Manual, p. 15.

Head black and rugose, with a fovea on each side behind

40 CARABID^. CARABUS.

the antennae, four joints at the base of the latter black and glabrous, the remainder fuscous and pubescent. Thorax quadrate, slightly dilated between the anterior angles and the middle, broadly margined behind, with the posterior angles deflexed and produced, disk rugosely punctate, black with the lateral margins broadly violaceous. Elytra black, convex, elongate, narrow at the shoulders, dilated in the middle, finely granulated, some- times the granules are united here and there so as to form slightly elevated lines but irregularly disposed, margins broad, sub- punctate, bright coppery or golden violet or brilliant purple ; body beneath and legs black. Length 12 lines.

Common in gardens, in gravel-pits and on heaths and path- ways, &c. in the spring ; very abundant in the south and midland counties of England ; in Scotland and in Ireland.

C. purpurascens, Fab., is a variety of this insect ; and C. exas- peratusy Dufts., has no indigenous examples to confirm it ; the individuals published under that name and captured in the Isle of Portland are likewise varieties of this species.

11. C. convexus : niger, limbo cyaneo.; elytris convexis, subtiliter

crenato-striatis triseriatim punctatis.

Fab.Mant. 1. 197.— Fab. S. El. 1. 1/5.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 61. — Dej. Spec. 2. 158 ; Icon. 2. 17. pi. 63.— Steph. Mand. 1. 53. pi. 4, et Manual, p. 15. — Erichson, Kafer, 13.

Shorter and narrower than glabratus, black with the margins of the thorax and elytra cyaneous. Head slightly punctured and with an impression on each side between the antennae. Thorax nearly quadrate, very slightly narrowest behind, the basal margin deeply notched, the posterior angles rounded, disk with a slight dorsal line and very much punctured and rugose. Elytra short, ovate, convex, closely striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, with narrow elevated granulated interstices and three series of larger impressions ; underside black and shining. Length 8 lines.

A doubtful native; there are two examples in the British Museum; one in the collection of Mr. MacLeay and another in that of Mr. Vigors, but the locality of none of them is known. The Rev. A. Matthews informs me that he has an example which was taken in Winstanley Park in Sept. 1835.

12. C. glabratus: oblong o-ov a tus, niger ; thorace tenuiter reti-

culato-rugoso ; elytris convexis, subtilissime granulatis.

Payk. Mon. 14 (1790).— Fab. Ent. S. 1. 125 (1792).— Fab. S. El. 1. 170.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 55.— Dej. Spec. 2. 136; Icon. 1.

CARABID^E. CARABUS. 41

394. pi. 59. — Steph. Mand. 1. 52, et Manual, p. 15. — Erichson, Kafer, 13.

Entirely black and somewhat glabrous. Head very minutely punctured and subrugose, with a short fovea on each side behind the antennae, which are black and glabrous at the base, and the upper joints fuscous. Thorax subquadrate, narrowed in front, sides regularly rounded till behind the middle, then almost straight with the margins very broadly elevated and the posterior angles produced, disk crowded with minute flexuous punctures and wrinkles, appearing almost reticulated, the base and the lateral margins depressed. Elytra oblong-ovate, very convex, minutely granulated, the granules on the margins being larger ; underside of body shining black, sides rugose; legs black. Length 1 1-12 lines.

A mountain species, which is plentiful in the Highlands of Scotland and occurs also in the north of England, in North Wales and in Ireland. Stephens has recorded it as a remarkable fact that the first British specimen is stated to have been captured in Surrey, which is the only instance known of its occurrence in the south,.

13. C. nemoralis : oblongo-ovatus nigro-&neusy thoracis limbo elytrorumque margine cupreo-violaceis, elytris subrugosis triseriatim foveolatis.

Miiller, Prod. Zool. Dan. 75 (1776).— 111. Kafer, 1. 152.—

Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 58.— Steph. Manual, p. 15.

C.hortensis, Fab. Mant. 1. 196(1787).— Payk. Mon.16 (1790).

— Dej. Spec. 2. 150; Icon. 2. 13. pi. 63.— Steph. Mand. 1.

53.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 27.

Head small, black, very shining, rugose in front and with a very deep impression on each side ; four joints at the base of the antennae black, the rest fuscous. Thorax subquadrate, margins a little elevated, posterior angles produced, brassy black, purplish or coppery, obsoletely punctate-rugose on the disk, more deeply so within the margins and at the base. Elytra oblong- ovate, fuscous brassy, coppery or bright metallic green, convex, with three series of large punctures connected by irregular oblong tubercles having somewhat the appearance of slightly elevated interrupted lines, the rest of the surface densely granulated or rugose ; body beneath with the legs black. Length 10-12 lines.

Common.

Genus 13. CALOSOMA, Weber.

Mentum dente medio acuto, lobis lateralibus breviore. Ligula breviSj apice rotundata ciliata ; paraglossis coriaceis ei con-

42 CARABIDjE. CALOSOMA.

tiguis eamque superantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo leviter securiformi. Mandibulse lata, edentula, striolata. Labrum apice emarginatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis quatuor dilatatis, subtus spongiosis.

1. C. Sycophanta : violaceum; elytris viridi-aureisy crenato-

striatis punctis impressis triplici serie.

Carabus Sycophanta, Linn. F. S. 790.— Oliv. Ent. 3. 35. Calosoma Sycophanta, Fab. S. El. 1. 212.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2.

49.— Dej. Spec. 2. 193 ; Icon. 2. 48. pi. 70. — Steph. Hand.

1. 57, et Manual, p. 16.— Curtis, Ent. pi. 330.— Erichson,

Kafer, 18.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 32.

Head small and porrect, blue-black, rugosely punctured, with an oblong impression on each side in front. Thorax very short, transversely oval, very much dilated and rounded at the sides, violaceous with the lateral margins more or less greenish, moderately convex, the dorsal line very faint, the base with a fovea near each hinder angle which is produced, and the whole disk rugosely punctured. Elytra very broad, the basal angles rounded and the apex rather acuminated, rich metallic green, crenate-striated, with three series of large impressions on the third, seventh and eleventh striae; underside violet-blue, finely punctulated ; legs black. Length 1 1-1 4 lines.

In its native haunts this splendid insect inhabits woods and forests : for an account of its habits in the pine forests of Silesia, see ' Zoologist/ p. 900. In this country it is not truly indigenous, and we can lay claim to it as only an occasional visitant to our shores. It has been taken at Aldborough, South- wold and Lowestoff, Suffolk; Yarmouth, Norfolk; at Bristol and on the Devonshire coast ; frequently at Brighton, near Herne Bay and Gravesend ; in the Isle of Wight ; and in Ireland. It has been reported to have occurred in a wood near Oxford, but on inquiry I have ascertained that the species in question was C. inquisitor.

2. C. inquisitor : viridi cupreo-aneum ; elytris punctato-striatis

transversim rugosis punctis impressis triplici serie.

Carabus inquisitor, Linn. F. S. 789.

Calosoma inquisitor, Fab. S. El. 1. 212.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 50.

—Dej. Spec. 2. 194 ; Icon. 2. 49. pi. 70.— Steph. Mand. 1.

58, et Manual, p. 16. — Erichson, Kiifer, 18. — Heer, Faun.

Helv. 32.

Head coppery with a greenish tinge, especially on the sides, produced in front, rugosely punctate, with two oblong fovese,

CARABID7E. LEISTUS. 43

antennae black with the tips fuscous. Thorax very short, dilated at the sides and rounded, contracted behind, coppery green, very shining, margins more brilliantly green, thickly rugose-punctate, margins elevated and more coarsely punctured and rugose, base with two deep fovea?. Elytra broad, more dilated behind the middle, coppery with the margins brilliant shining green, thickly punctate- striated, interstices transversely strigose, with three series of deeper impressions ; body beneath violaceous with a greenish tinge on the sides of the abdomen, the underside of the thorax shining green and somewhat rugose, legs black. Length 8-10 lines.

Found on oaks in Windsor and Epping Forests ; Burghfield, Berks; White Wood, Tetworth, Camb. ; Bagley Wood, Oxon ; New Forest ; and Powerscourt, Ireland.

Genus 14. LEISTUS, Frohlich.

Mentum dente lato, leviter emarginato. Ligula valde elongata, acute tricuspis ; paraglossis ei multo brevioribus, apice acu- minatis. Maxillse extus palmate-dentate. Palpi elongati, tenues, labiales articulo secundo maxime elongato. Labrum apice rotundatum. Tarsi antici mans articulis tribus dilatatis} subtus dense spongiosis.

1 . L. spinibarbis : cyaneus ; thorace cordato, postice subangus- tato ; elytris punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque rufo- testaceis aut brunneis.

Carabus spinibarbis, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 137.— Fab. S. El. 1. 181. Leistus spinibarbis, Dej. Spec. 2. 214 ; Icon. 2. 59. pi. 72. —

Steph. Mand. 1. 63, et Manual, p. 17. L. cceruleus, Sturm, D. F. 3. 154. L. niffricans, Newman, Ent. Mag. 1. 286. — Steph. Mand. 5.

373, et Manual, p. 17.

Broad and depressed, above shining cyaneous, or bluish green ; mouth, palpi and antennse red. Thorax with the sides dilated and rounded in front, contracted behind, with a distinct impressed central line, the disk on each side of it smooth and convex, the entire base together with a fovea near each hinder angle, and the anterior margin punctured, the lateral margins reflexed and finely punctuated. Elytra wide, oblong-ovate, apex rounded, punctate-striated, the third stria with some larger im- pressions; underside black, legs pitchy black, tarsi rusty red, the legs sometimes wholly red in less mature examples and the m argins of the thorax also pale. Length 4 lines.

A very abundant species, of which L. nigricans, as its name imports, is a dark varietv.

44 CARABIDJE.— LEISTTJS.

2. Li. fulvibarbis : subcyaneus ; thorace cordato, postice angus- tato ; elytris punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Dej. Spec. 2. 215 ; Icon. 2. 61. pi. 72.— Curtis, Ent. pi. 176.—

Steph. Mand. 1. 64, et Manual, p. 17.

L. Janus, Newman, Ent. Mag. 1. 286.— Steph. Mand. 5. 373,

et Manual, p. 18. L.indentatus, Newman, Ent. Mag. 1 . 286.— Steph. Mand. 5. 373,

et Manual, p. 18.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 33.

This species is considerably smaller than the preceding ; it is usually pitchy black with a more or less cyaneous tinge, antennae and mouth red. Thorax proportionally more dilated and rounded at the sides, and shorter, with the lateral margins less elevated, and the posterior angles more prominent. Elytra distinctly punc- tate-striated, with some larger impressions on the third stria from the suture as in spinibarbis ; legs entirely red. Length 3-31 lines.

It is found in immense profusion in marshy places in spring and autumn. L. Janus is an immature example of this insect, to which also L. indent atus must be referred.

3. I*, montanus : " c&ruleus, thoracis margine later all ore antennis pedibusque rufis."

Steph. Mand. 1. 64. pi. 4, et Manual, p. 18.

" Similar to the preceding (fulvibarbis}, but known at once by its more elongated structure, and especially by the form of the thorax (PL I. f. 5) ; the upper surface is fine blue tinted with greenish on the head and thorax; the head is narrower and the eyes are less prominent than in L. fulvibarbis ; the thorax is narrower, more depressed and elongated, it is divided by an impressed longitudinal line, the disk on each side being smooth, in front of the impression is a triangular space thickly sprinkled with impressed dots and a similar space covered with impressed dots behind, the margin is also punctated and the sides are rufo-ferruginous ; the elytra are blue, with eight striae composed of impressed dots, and in the specimens which I have examined they are destitute of any impressions between the third and fourth strise ; the mouth, antennae and legs are rufo- ferruginous, the latter dusky at the tips of the femora ; beneath pitchy blue, with the pleurae and sides of the abdomen deeply punctate. Length 3| lines/" — Mr. Stephens.

First taken by Messrs. Dale and Curtis on Skiddaw ; and subsequently by Mr. Marshall. It has also occurred on other

CARABIDJE. — LEISTUS. 45

mountains in the north of England, and in Scotland and Wales. It has been taken on Croagh Patrick in Ireland by Mr. Walker; and on Mangerton and Carran Tual, the highest peak in that island, by Mr. Haliday.

4. L. ferruginous : rufo-ferrugineus ; thorace brevi, cordato,

postice coarctato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis,punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque pallidis.

Carabus ferruyineus, Linn. S. N. 2. 672.

C. spinilabris, Fab. S. El. 1. 204.

Leistus spinilabris, Dej. Spec. 2. 217 ; Icon. 2. 64. pi. 73. —

Steph. Mand. 1. 65, et Manual, p. 18. Carabus rufescens, Payk. Mon. 58. — Duft. Faun. 2. 53. Leistus rufescens, var., Sturm, D. F. 3. 158.

Entirely ferruginous. Thorax very short, and much dilated and rounded at the sides before the middle, thence suddenly and considerably contracted behind, posterior angles right angles, disk very convex, smooth and shining, the anterior and posterior margins thickly punctured. Elytra oblong-ovate, much narrowed in front and the angles rounded, dilated behind the middle, punctate-striated ; body beneath pitchy red or ferruginous according to maturity, thorax and sides of the breast thickly punctured. Length 3 lines.

In profusion in marshy localities and generally distributed.

In the Linnsean Collection this insect is labelled "ferrugineus" with the label to that effect attached to the pin.

5. L. rufescens : rufo-ferrugineus, vertice elytrorumque apice

nigris; thorace cordato, postice coarctato ; elytris punct at o- striatis, antennis pedibusque pallidis.

Carabus rufescens, Fab. Mant. 1. 204 (1787).— Fab. S. El. I.

205.— (var. /3.) Payk. Mon. 58 (1790). Leistus rufescens (var. b.), Sturm, D. F. 3. 158. — Steph. Mand.

1. 65, et Manual, p. 18.

Carabus prceustus, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 162 (1792). Leistus terminatus, Dej. Spec. 2. 218; Icon. 2. 65. pi. 73.

Head brownish black j mouth, palpi and antennae testaceous. Thorax ferruginous red, convex, sides very much dilated and rounded, narrowed behind, posterior angles obtuse. Elytra oblong-ovate, narrowed in front, the apex more rounded, ferru- ginous red, with the tip occasionally brownish black ; abdomen brownish black, legs pale testaceous. Length 3^ lines.

46 CARABID;E. — NEBRIA.

Widely distributed, but rather local. " Darenth and Coombe Woods ; " Midland Counties ; more abundant .in the North ; Midgley Moor ; " Castle Eden Dene ; Long Benton ; South Shields ; " and on the moors near Llangollen in Wales, in the spring and autumn.

Genus 15. NEBRIA, Latreille.

Mentum dente medio parvo bifido. Ligula apice subacuminata, paraglossis ei contiguis, eamque vix super antibus. Palpi articulo ultimo cylindrico. Labrum apice truncatum, vel obsolete sinuatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus sub- dilatatis, subtus par dm spongiosis.

1 . N. complanata : pallide flavescens ; elytris punctato-striatis, fasciis duabus abbreviatis undatis nigris.

Carabus complanatus, Linn. S. N. 2. 671.

Nebria complanata, Steph. Mand. 1. 59, et Manual, p. 16.

Carabus arenarius, Fab. S. El. 1. 179.

Nebria arenaria, Dej. Spec. 2. 223 ; Icon. 2. 73. pi. 74.

Broad and entirely pale ochreous yellow, with the inside of the mandibles and two irregular transverse bands on the elytra formed of elongate streaks more or less confluent together with the suture in front black or brownish black. Head very finely striated longitudinally on each side between the eyes. Thorax broad and short, the anterior margin forming in the middle a small obtuse angle, and the anterior angles also pro- duced, sides widest about the middle, rather narrowed behind, posterior angles acute, sides broadly margined, disk strigose with a faint dorsal line and a transverse impression before and behind, and two obscure fovese at the base. Elytra oblong, shoulders rounded, sides almost parallel, apex rounded, disk rather de- pressed, punctate- striated, margins punctured; the bands on the elytra are sometimes entirely effaced and occasionally only a small black dot is left, but the latter variety is said to be more common in France, where the insect is better known under the Fabrician name arenaria. Length 8-9| lines.

This species is very abundant on sandy coasts in the west of England; at Swansea; Barnstaple; Bideford; Weston-super- Mare; and on the Lincolnshire coast. "A single specimen (half-dead) was found on the Arklow sands by Mr. Furlong." A. H. Haliday, Esq.

CARABID.E. NEBRTA. 47

2. N. livida : nigra, thoracis media elytrorum limbo late antennis

pedibusque pallide testaceis.

Carabus lividus, Linn. S. N. 2. 670.

Nebria livida, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 38.

Carabus sabulosus, Fab. S. El. 1. 179.

Nebria sabulosa, Dej. Spec. 2. 224 ; Icon. 2. 74. pi. 74.

Var. /3. elytrorum limbo anguste pallidoyfemoribus interdum infus-

catis. Illiger.

Carabus laterals, Fab. S. El. 1. 180. Nebria lateralis, Dej. Spec. 2. 225. N. livida (var. b.), Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 38. N. livida, Curtis, Ent. pi. 6. — Steph. Mand. 1. 60, et Manual,

p. 16.

This species is smaller, narrower and more elongate than complanata. Head obscurely black, with a depression in the centre, and a rough shallow fovea on each side between the eyes; mouth, palpi and antennae pale testaceous. Thorax testaceous, with the anterior margin and the base brownish black and broadly depressed, the width much greater than the length, the sides dilated and rounded at the middle, and the anterior angles rather produced, much narrowed behind, poste- rior angles obtuse but rather elevated, the lateral margins broadly reflexed and punctured, disk with a short central line terminating before and behind in the transverse depressions above mentioned, base with two fovese. Elytra oblong, depressed, rounded at the shoulders, sides almost straight, brownish black with the margins pale testaceous, punctate-striated ; underside obscure black, sides of the head transversely strigose beneath the eyes, sides of the thorax testaceous, finely rugose-punctate, sides of the abdomen coarsely punctured, .apex testaceous, legs pale testaceous. Length 7-8 lines.

British examples of this species must be referred to the variety lateralis as they present the true characters of the Fabrician insect, having the yellow margins of the elytra considerably narrower than in the typical livida. The insect is local, but may be taken abundantly near Bridlington and Scarborough, by splitting open the crevices in the mud cliffs all along the shore.

(HELOBIA, Leach.}

3. N. brevicollis : nigra, subdepressa, elytris crenato-striatis,

stria tertid quadripunctatd ; antennis tibiis tarsisque rufo- piceis.

48 CARABID.E. — NEBRIA.

Carabus brevicollis, Fab. S. El. 1. 191.

Nebria brevicollis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 39.— Sturm, D. F. 3. 140.

— Dej. Spec. 2. 233 ; Icon. 2. 82. pi. 76. Helobia brevicollis, Steph. Mand. 1. 61, et Manual, p. 17. H. lata, Newman, Ent. Mag. 1. 284. — Steph. Mand. 5. 372,

et Manual, p. 16. H.varicornis, Newman, Ent. Mag. 1.285.— Steph. Mand. 5.372,

et Manual, p. 1 7.

Rather depressed, black or pitchy black, sometimes iridescent; antennae red, and in less frequent examples with three or four joints near the base dusky. Thorax short, its sides dilated and rounded below the anterior angles and narrowed behind, broadly margined, all the margins coarsely punctured. Elytra depressed, shoulders a little rounded, sides nearly parallel, crenate-striated, interstices flat, the third stria with three or four larger punctures; underside black, head wrinkled, thorax finely, breast coarsely punctured ; legs red, femora sometimes pitchy black. Length 4|~6 lines.

H. lata and varicornis are not distinct from this extremely abundant and widely distributed species.

4. N. nivalis : nigra, subdepressa ; elytris striatis, striis sub- punctatis, punctis quatuor impressis ; antennis tibiis tarsis- que rufo-piceis.

Carabus nivalis, Payk. Mon. 52. — Payk. Faun. 1. 119. Nebria nivalis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 41.— Dej. Spec. 2. 237;

Icon. 2. 86. pi. 76. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 36. Helobia nivalis, Steph. Manual, p. 17.

H. Gyllenhallii, Curtis, Ent. pi. 103.— Steph. Mand. 1. 62. H. ^thiops, Steph. Mand. 1. 179, et Manual, p. 17. H. Marshallana, Steph. Mand. 1. 61, et Manual, p. 17.

This species is smaller than brevicollis', beneath it is black, smooth and shining, with the thorax and sides of the breast very faintly punctured; above it is black or pitchy black, with the elytra sometimes reddish. Head with a shallow impression on the crown, and two obsolete fovese between the antennae; mouth, palpi and antennae black, or pitchy black. Thorax very short, anterior angles produced, sides dilated and rounded at the middle, contracted behind, with broadly reflexed margins, the posterior angles acute and prominent, disk moderately convex, with a short central line terminating before and behind in a transverse depression coarsely punctured, base with two fovere and disk otherwise obsoletely wrinkled. Elytra oblong, the shoulders narrower and more rounded than in brevicollis , sides very slightly widest behind the middle, apex obliquely sinuated,

CARABIDyE. — NEBRIA. 49

rather depressed, regularly striated, the striae very finely punc- tured, with three or four larger impressions next the third stria between it and the second from the suture, and an irregular series (more or less deficient) on the marginal interstice touching the marginal stria ; legs pitchy black, or entirely black, some- times wholly red, or the femora red with their tips black. Length 4^ lines.

This species is found in great profusion on the Welsh moun- tains, as well as in Cumberland and the southern parts of Scotland, and in Ireland. I have examined hundreds of specimens which present every degree of variety that can be desired, to resolve into one species the insects recorded as distinct under the names Marshallana, Gyllenhallii, &c. H. dEthiops is a broader and darker variety. There is another (very common on Snowdon) not noticed, with the body black and the legs entirely red.

(PELOPHILA, Dejean.)

5. N. borealis : obscure cenea ; elytris striatis, foveis majoribus rotundatis duplici serie impressis.

Gambits borealis, Payk. Mon. 51 (1790).— Oliv. Ent. 3. 35.

—Fab. S. El. 1. 182. Nebria borealis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 42. Pelophila borealis, Dej. Spec. 2. 263 ; Icon. 2. 117. pi. 84.—

Curtis, Ent. pi. 302.— Steph. Hand. 5. 390, et Manual, p. 61.

Head brassy black, with a shallow subrugose fovea on each side near the eyes; palpi and antennae black. Thorax very short, anterior margin slightly sinuated and produced in the centre and at the angles, sides dilated and rounded before the middle, narrowed behind, broadly margined and the margins elevated, base truncate, hinder angles acute, glossy black, with a slight dorsal furrow, the anterior margin and the base thickly punctured and deeply depressed, the latter with two large fovese. Elytra oblong-ovate, twice as wide as the base of the thorax, sides slightly rounded, the apex obliquely sinuated and a little acuminated, brassy black or brownish brass, obsoletely punctate- striated, the striae on the sides being nearly obliterated, the third interstice with four or five large impressions, and the fifth with two or three others; underside of the body black, legs sometimes wholly black, sometimes ferruginous, with the tip of the femora, tibiae and joints of the tarsi dusky. Length 4-6 lines.

This species was originally captured on the sandy shores of Loch Neagh in Ireland, and has also been taken at Killarney

50 CARABID^E. ELAPHRTTS.

and elsewhere. It is found in the Orkney Isles as well as in the west of Scotland, but the Irish examples are larger and more metallic than those found in Scotland.

Genus 16. ELAPHRUS, Fabricius.

Men turn dente media bifido. Ligula obtuse rotundata, paraglossis apice liberis, angustis, linearibus, ligulam superantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo subovato, truncato. Mandibulse inermes. Labrum truncatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis quatuor leviter dilatatis, subtus apice spongiosis.

* Prothorax truncato-cordatus, convexus.

1. E. uliginosus : viridi-aneus, punctatissimus ; thorace capite latiore, fronte thoraceque foveolatis ; elytris costis elevatis interrupts maculisque ocellatis violaceis quadruplici serie impressis.

Fab. S. El. 1. 245.— Dej. Spec. 2. 269 ; Icon. 2. 126. pi. 85. — Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 398.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 131.— Curtis, Ent. pi. 179. — Steph. Hand. 2. 33, et Manual, p. 60.— Erichson, Kafer, 5.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 40.

This species is abundantly distinct from the following ; above it is brassy green. Head brilliant coppery green, finely and densely punctured, with a transverse ridge extending quite across between the antennae, a shallow fovea on each side behind it, and a small impression on the crown. Thorax rather nar- rowed in front, sides much dilated and rounded in the middle, then suddenly narrowed, but with the posterior angles rectangular or very slightly prominent, the entire surface very minutely and densely punctured, with a large round deeply impressed fovea before the middle, and a smaller one on each side of it a little behind, and two others smaller than those below them, the large impressed fovea being continued, but rather shallow towards the base, before reaching which it becomes somewhat deeper and terminates in a small raised tubercle, also close to each posterior angle there is a deep large fovea, all these markings are much more distinct than in cupreus, and the fine punctua- tion that covers the entire surface is perfectly distinct and not at all confluent as it is in the allied species. Elytra ovate, very little widest behind the middle, finely punctate, each with three series of round ocellated impressions, and between every two of these impressions is an oblong, raised, smooth, shining tubercle, the interstices between these series of impres- sions and tubercles being formed of somewhat irregular raised

CARABID^I. ELAPHRUS. 51

costse, on the margin there is a fourth series of round impressions but without any raised tubercles between them ; the body beneath is shining green, underside of the thorax and sides of the breast punctured ; femora brassy green, tibiae and tarsi obscure black. Length 3|—4 lines.

Found at Whittlesea Mere and in the Cambridgeshne fens. " Coombe Wood ; Swansea ; Fyfield, Hants ; and Devonshire." Mr. Stephens. " In peat pits at Weston on the Green." Rev. A. Matthews.

2. E. cupreus : obscure-aneus, punctatissimus ; thorace capitis

latitudine, fronte thoraceque leviter foveolatis ; elytris maculis ocellatis quadruplid serie impressis.

Dufts. Faun. 2. 194.— Dej. Spec. 2. 271 ; Icon. 2. 127. pi. 85. — Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 398.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 130.— Steph. Mand. 2. 34, et Manual, p. 61. — Erichson, Kafer, 5.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 40. E. uliginosus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 6.

This insect is brownish brass above, with somewhat of a purplish tinge on the elytra. Head very densely punctured, and with a transverse curved line in front, a shallow fovea on each side before the eyes and another behind them, and also a faint impression on the crown, but all these impressions are consider- ably less distinct than in uliginosus. Thorax wider in front than in that species, but the sides not nearly so much dilated in the middle, nor more narrowed at the base than in front, posterior angles acute and prominent, the surface more distinctly punc- tured, and the punctures somewhat confluent, the fovese after the manner of the preceding, but much more indistinct and the largest bifid before it reaches the base, the two ends continued to the margin and forming a triangular space between them. Elytra ovate, sides rather widest behind the middle, the markings somewhat after the same manner, but the raised costse very much interrupted and obsolete, or entirely wanting ; underside of the body and the femora brassy green, tibiae testaceous, tarsi cya- neous and shining. Length 3| lines.

A very common and abundant species in marshes and damp woods; less frequent in Scotland. It is included also among the Irish Carabida.

3. E. Lapponicus : oblongus, cupreo-ceneus ; capite thoraceque

subfoveolatis ; elytris pares punctatis maculis ocellatis obsoletis quadruplid serie impressis.

E 2

52 CARABID^E. ELAPHRUS.

Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 8.— Dej. Spec. 2. 273 ; Icon. 2. 131. pi. 8G. — Curtis, Ent. Mag. 1. 38.— Steph. Mand. 5. 390, et Manual, p. 61.

Above brassy green, or coppery red, more or less shining. Head and thorax coarsely punctured, the former with a transverse line in front, but with the fovese obsolete or scarcely perceptible. Thorax rather narrow, sides rounded at the middle and mode- rately contracted behind, posterior angles right angles, thickly and deeply punctured, with a short dorsal furrow which is bifid in front, and with a shallow fovea near each hinder angle. Elytra oblong- ovate, more elongate than either of the preceding, with the shoulders narrowed and rounded, the sides rather widest about the middle, disk with a few minute scattered punctures, and four rows of obscure ocellated round fovese, and sometimes between those of the series next the suture there are three or four raised oblong shining spaces, but oftener deficient, these and the spaces between the fovese, as well as the intervals between the rows, being equally without elevations; body beneath greenish or purplish copper, with the head, thorax, sides of the breast, and femora punctured. Length 4^ lines.

" Taken on Catlaw and Clova mountains in Forfarshire " by Sir C. Lyell ; and at St. Kilda by Mr. J. M'Gillivray.

4. E. riparius : viridi-tsneus, punctatissimus ; elytris maculis ocellatis quadruplici serie impressis.

Cicindela riparia, Linn. F. S. 749; S. N. 2. 658.

Elaphrus riparius, Fab. Mant. 1. 187; S. El. 1. 245. — Gyll.

Ins. Suec. 2. 9.— Sturm, D. F. 7. 133. — Dej. Spec. 2. 274 ;

Icon. 2. 132. pi. 86.— Steph. Mand. 2. 35, et Manual, p. 61.

— Erichson, Kafer, 5. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 40.

Head coppery or brassy green, very densely and minutely punctured, without fovese; antennse greenish at the base, the upper joints fuscous black and pubescent. Thorax narrowed be- fore and behind, sides rounded and dilated in the middle, brown- ish brassy, very minutely and densely punctured, with a dorsal line bifid in front, and an oblong fovea near each hinder angle. Elytra broad, dilated behind the middle, densely and minutely punctured, brownish brassy, with four rows of round ocellated fovese; femora and tarsi green, tibise testaceous. Length 3 lines.

Abundant at Whittlesea Mere; common in damp marshy places near London ; Carlisle ; in Suffolk, &c. ; found also in Ireland and in Scotland.

CARABIDJS. ELAPHRUS. 53

** Prothorax subquadratus, planiusculus. (BLETHISA, Bonelli.)

5 . £1. multipunctatus : obscure emeus, limbo mrescente, elytris punctato-striatis foveis magnis duplici serie impressis.

Carabus multipunctatus y Linn. F. S. 805.— Fab. S. El. 1. 182.

Nebria multipunctata, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 44.

Blethisa multipunctata, Dej. Spec. 2. 266 ; Icon. 2. 121. pi. 84.

—Sturm, D. F. 7. 124.— Steph. Maud. 2. 36, et Manual,

p. 61.— Curtis, Ent. pi. 326. Elaphrus multipunctatus ', Erichson, Kafer, 6. — Heer, Faun.

Helv. 41.

Brownish, or greenish brass. Head rather coppery in front, with a deep fovea on each side near the eyes, and behind these a transverse impression, the hinder part of the head finely and sparingly punctured. Thorax subquadrate, shortish, sides rather widest in the middle, broadly margined and the margins reflexed and punctured, rather narrowed behind, but with the base still broad and the posterior angles acute, the disk convex, with the dorsal furrow terminated before and behind by a transverse punc- tured depression, the base having also a deeply punctate impressed fovea on each side and an elevated fold externally running into the angle itself. Elytra broadly ovate, sides somewhat straight, disk convex, margins greenish, finely and irregularly punctate-striated, the interstices forming irregularly elevated ribs, the third inter- rupted with four or five, and the fifth with three or four large round deeply impressed shining brassy foveee ; body beneath coppery or greenish brass, sides of the thorax rugosely punctured, legs brassy black. Length 5^ lines.

Common at Whittlesea Mere and in the Cambridgeshire fens ; also near Sudbury, Suffolk ; in Essex ; near Carlisle, &c. ; less frequent in Scotland ; it is included also in Mr. Haliday^s list of the Irish Coleoptera.

Genus 17. NOTIOPHILUS, Dumeril.

Mentum dente medio nullo. Ligula lata, apice acuminata ; para- glossis apice liberis, angustis, linearibus, ligulam mx superan- tibus. Palpi articulo ultimo subovato, truncato. Mandibula? inermes. Labrum apice rotundatum. Tarsi antici marts articulis tribus vix dilatatis, subtus dense spongiosis.

54 CARABID^E. NOTIOPHILUS.

1 . N. aquaticus : ceneus, nitidus ; thoracis limbo punctato, late-

ribus obliquis parum rotundatis ; elytris extus striatis, striis punctatis apice evanescentibus ; antennis pedibusque totis nigris.

Cicindela aquatica, Linn. F. S. 752.

Elaphrus aquaticus, Fab. S. El. 1. 246. — Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 399. Notiophilus aquaticus, Dej. Spec. 2. 277; Icon. 2. 136. pi. 87. — Sturm,D.F. 7. 142.— Steph. Mand. 2. 32, et Manual, p. 60. N. Newmanii, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. 1. 205. N. metallicusy Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. 1. 203.

Above brassy, more rarely blue-black. Head deeply striated and carinated in front, smooth behind; palpi and antennae black, basal joints of the latter red beneath. Thorax broadest in front with the anterior margin produced in the middle so as to form a small projecting point or angle, the sides obliquely narrowed and only slightly rounded, a little sinuated behind (PL I. f. 6) and curved outwards so as to form the basal angle, the basal margin slightly excavated in the middle, the disk with the dorsal furrow terminating behind in a triangular punctured depression, the base with two fovese and all the margins strongly punctured, leaving a smooth space in the middle on each side the central furrow. Elytra oblong, much wider than the thorax, not contracted in front, but with the shoulders merely a little rounded, sides somewhat parallel, apex rounded, each elytron with one punctured stria next the suture, the punctures of which disappear before the apex, but the stria itself is carried to the extremity, then a wide longitudinal polished space, then seven other punctured strise, the marginal one finer and more remote from the other six, all which disappear or become obsolete before the extremity, across the third and fourth strise there is also a single deep impression ; underside of the body and legs bronzed black, tibise sometimes testaceous externally. Length 2^ lines.

LTpon examination of the examples of N. Newmanii and metallicus lent to me by Mr. Waterhouse, I refer them to this common species.

2. N. palustris : ceneus nitidus ; thoracis limbo punctato, la,te-

ribus rotundatis ; elytris extus striatis, striis punctatis apicem versus evanescentibus; antennis basi, tibiisque testaceis.

Elaphrus palustris, Dufts. Faun. 2. 192.

Notiophilus palustris, Sturm, D. F. 7. 144. — Erichson, Kafer, /.

N. tibialis, Steph. Mand. 5. 388, et Manual, p. 60.

N. brevis, brevicollis et latwr, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. 1. 206.

CARABID^. NOTIOPHILUS. 55

This insect is apparently distinct from the preceding, though Gyllenhall and Dejean have united them. It is shorter and narrower, the head like it is deeply striated and carinated in front, but usually, though not always, finely punctured behind the eyes ; the antennae have three joints at the base entirely testaceous ; the thorax is considerably shorter, with the project- ing angle in the centre of the anterior margin rather more prominent, the sides are more rounded in front and more con- tracted behind (PL I. f. 7), the lateral margins and base less depressed; the elytra are shorter and very distinctly narrowed in front and the sides more rounded; the legs are bronzed black, but with the tibise entirely testaceous. Length 2 lines.

N. breviSj latior and brevicoltis, Waterhouse, as well as tibialis, Stephens, are identical with this very common insect.

3. N. rufipes : cupreo-ceneus, nitidus ; thoracis limbo punctato ;

elytris apice flavescentibus, extus profunde punctato- striatis ; antennis pedibusque ferrugineis.

Curtis, Ent. pi. 254.— Steph. Mand. 2. 190, et Manual, p. 60.

" Cupreous, shining. Head as broad as the elytra, punctured at the base, nasus and crown with deep longitudinal furrows. Thorax transverse, scarcely so broad as the head before, and narrower than the elytra behind, coarsely punctured, smooth only on the disk, in the centre of which is a deep impression as well as one at each of the posterior angles. Elytra very smooth, slightly ochreous at the tips, with a few punctures round the scutellum and a faint row down each side of the suture, six deeply punctured strise close together towards the external margin which is smooth, between the second and third stria? before the middle is a fovea, and another near the apex ; antennae and legs pale ferruginous, the former fuscous towards their apex." Length 2^ lines.

A single example of this insect was captured by Mr. Heysham near Carlisle, many years ago, and described by Mr. Curtis, as above quoted, in his ' British Entomology/ but that specimen is now lost. However, I have seen two individuals in Mr. Water- house's collection, which correspond acurately with the above description. The insect is the more remarkable as being the only European species of this genus with legs entirely red.

4. N. semipunctatus : ceneus, nitidus ; thorace punctato disco

sublcevi ; elytris extus punctato -striatis striis integris ; antennis basi tibiisquc in medio testaceis.

56

CARABID^E. NOTIOPHILUS.

Var. a. elytris apice immaculatis.

Elaphrussemipunctatus, Fab. Mant. 1. 188. — Fab. S. El. 1. 246.

Var. /3. elytris apicejlavescentibus.

E. Uguttatus, Fab. Mant. 1. 188. — Fab. S. El. 1.247. — Gyll.

Ins. Suec. 4. 399. Notiophilus biguttatus, Dej. Spec. 2. 279; Icon. 2. 137. pi. 87.

— Steph. Maud. 2. 33, et Manual, p. 60.— Heer, Faun.

Helv. 42.

N. palustris, Steph. Mand. 5. 389. N. latus et striatus, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. 1. 209.

Var. y. angustior, elytris subtiliter punctato-striatis. N. nitidus, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. 1. 203. N. biguttatus, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. 1. 210. N. substriatus, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. 1. 211.

This species is more depressed and parallel than either of the preceding : it is very brilliant shining (usually brownish) brass above. Head finely striated in front, some of the joints at the base of the antennae more or less testaceous. Thorax short, wide, with the usual prominent angle in the centre of the ante- rior margin, sides very slightly rounded immediately below the angles, then obliquely sloped towards the base, which is broader than in any of the foregoing species (PL I. f. 8), the disk depressed, more or less thickly but finely punctured throughout, having (in some examples) a small subpunctate or strigose space on each side the dorsal furrow about the middle, a deep fovea near each posterior angle, and all the margins more deeply punctured than the rest of the disk. Elytra broad, sides parallel, with a very finely punctured stria next the suture, which gives place at the extremity to a deep smooth stria, then a broad, highly polished, smooth space, then six entire punctured striae, the one next the polished space being flexuous near the extremity and united to the sutural one at the tip, while more distant from these six, and close to the margin, is a short one at the base, and between the third and fourth striae is a deep impression about the middle, and a smaller one at the apex ; the tibiae are sometimes entirely testaceous, sometimes pale only in the middle. Length 2^ lines.

The variety of this species with the apex of the elytra imma- culate appears to have been described by Fabricius first under the name semipunctatus, and he subsequently described the var. /3, which is apparently the type (being far most abundant), as biguttatus, with which palustris, Steph. (not Dufts.) and latus and striatus, Waterhouse, perfectly agree. The variety 7. is smaller, narrower, and most minutely punctured, and the punc- tured striae sometimes become very obsolete, or are entirely

CARABID^E. NOTIOPHILUS. 57

obliterated before the extremity. The insects described by Mr. Waterhouse under the names biguttatus, substriatus, and nitidus appear to be smaller, narrower, and more obscure indi- viduals of this variety.

The var. a. is uncommon.

The var. /3. is generally distributed and common.

The var. 7. is of occasional occurrence ; I once took it rather plentifully on the sand-hills at Deal, all the specimens being uniformly similar in form and sculpture.

5. N. 4-punctatus : emeus, nitidus; elytris profunde punctato- striatis apice flavescentibus punctis duobus impressis.

Dej. Spec. 2.280; Icon. 2. 138. pi. 87.— Steph. Mand. 2. 190, et Manual, p. 60.

Above brilliant shining brass. Head finely striated in front, basal joints of the antennae testaceous. Thorax broad, with a projecting angle in the centre of the anterior margin, and with the sides obliquely sloped as in the preceding species, all the margins thickly punctured, and with a shining more distinct space on each side the dorsal furrow, a little strigose or faintly wrinkled. Elytra broader than the thorax, with the shoulders a little rounded, but not contracted in front, sides rather parallel, each elytron with a fine punctured stria next the suture termina- ting in a smooth stria at the tip, then a very broad highly polished longitudinal space, and then seven other punctured striae, the two next the polished space being disposed together rather more distant from the others, and the marginal or outer one still more remote, between the third and fourth striae are two deep impressions, and a small one at the apex ; tibiae testaceous and the extremity of the wing-cases also more or less pale. Length 2^ lines.

Of rare occurrence, and probably only an uncommon variety of the preceding.

Subfam. 4. HARPALIDES, Westwood.

Genus 18. LORICERA, Latreille.

Mentum dente media obtuso. Ligula apice subacuminata ; para- glossis coriaceis, earn hand superantibus. Maxillae extus dentatce. Palpi articulo ultimo subovato. Mandibulae breves, interne basi crenulata. Labrum apice rotundatwn. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus valde dilatatis, subtus dense spongiosis.

58 CARABID^E. LORICERA.

1. L. pilicornis : viridi-anea, nitida ; elytris crebre punctato- striatis, foveis tribus disci impressis; antennis basi articulis sex nodosis setis prselongis ornatis ; tibiis tarsisque tes- taceis.

Car abus pilicornis, Fab. Mant, 1. 200. — Fab. S. El. 1. 193. — Payk. Mon. 78.

Loricera pilicornis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 45. — Sturm, D. F. 3. 165. — Dej. Spec. 2. 293; Icon. 2. 155. pl.89.— Steph. Mand.1.69, et Manual, p. 22.— Erichson, Kafer, 21 . — Heer, Faun.Helv.43.

Above greenisb brass, very shining. Head short, wide, having two rough impressions between the eyes, connected by a curved transverse stria, crown depressed ; eyes globose and prominent ; antennae fuscous black, first joint long and stout with its base reddish, second, third and fourth nodose and together with the fifth and sixth set with long rigid hairs; mandibles and palpi red. Thorax subcordate, truncate before and behind, sides considerably rounded in front and suddenly contracted behind the middle, posterior angles obtuse, disk moderately convex, with a deep dorsal furrow, the base and lateral margins behind punctured, having on each side a deeply impressed fovea. Elytra oblong-ovate, distinctly margined and with the apex rather acuminated, each with twelve closely disposed strife com- posed of fine regular punctures, on the third and fourth striae are three impressed fovese, placed one before the middle, another about the middle, and a third about midway between that and the apex ; underside shining black, femora greenish brass, tibia? and tarsi testaceous. Length 3 lines.

Common.

Genus 19. PANAG-ffiUS, Latreille.

Mentum dente media bifido. Ligula minuta, apice truncata ; paraglossis vix ullis. Palpi articulo ultimo fortiter securi- formi, maxillares articulo secundo elongato. Mandibulse breves, arcuatte. Labrum truncatum, breve, transversum. Tarsi aritici mar is articulis duobus dilatatis, subtus dense spongiosis.

1. P. crux-major: niger, pubescens ; elytris punctato-striatis, rufis, basi cruce communi apiceque nigris.

Carabus crux-major, Linn. F. S. 808. — Fab. S. El. 1. 202.

Panagceus crux, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 78.

P. crux-major, Sturm, D. F. 3. 170.— Dej. Spec. 2. 286 ; Icon. 2. 148. pi. 88.— Steph. Mand. 1. 71, et Manual, p. 22.— Erichson, Kafer, 20,— Ileer, Faun. Helv. 43.

CARABID^E. PANAGJ2US. 59

Black,, pubescent. Head small, with an impression on each side in front; eyes very globose and prominent; palpi large, black, pilose ; antennae black, pubescent. Thorax very globose, truncate in front, sides slightly margined, posterior angles rounded, disk very rugosely punctate, set with erect hairs, having an impression near each hinder angle. Elytra ovate, rounded at the apex, convex, deeply punctate-striated, densely pubescent, red, with a black patch surrounding the scutellum, the suture and an irregular broad transverse fascia across the middle, black, and forming a cross, the apex also with a black spot ; body beneath deeply punctured, and together with the legs black and pubescent. Length 3£ lines.

Locally abundant in the fenny districts of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, at the roots of trees and among refuse in damp places. Also at Lawrence Waltham, Berks ; Cobham, Norwood and ShooterVhill, near London.

2, P. quadripustulatus : niger, pubescens ; thorace longiore ; elytris punctato-striatis, rufis, basi cruce communi limbo postico apiceque nigris.

Sturm, D. F. 3. 1 72.— Dej. Spec. 2. 288 ; Icon. 2. 150. pi. 88.— Steph. Mand. 1. 70, et Manual, p. 22. — Erichson, Kafer, 21.

This species resembles the preceding, but is smaller, narrower, and otherwise sufficiently distinct. Thorax more orbicular, smaller, proportionally longer and more narrowed behind, with the basal impressions less distinctly marked. Elytra more convex, more narrowed in front and the angles more rounded, the rufous colour generally of a deeper shade, the posterior red spot is always round (and not angular like the corresponding one in crux-major), and does not touch the outer margin, so that the entire limb is narrowly black. Length 3 lines.

It is apparently a less common species than the preceding. The first British specimen was taken in May 1812, in a gravel- pit in Coombe Wood, and the species has frequently been found since in the same locality. It has usually been considered an insect of solitary habits, but has on two occasions been taken in profusion ; at Hertford under stones and clods of earth, and at Fulbourne near Cambridge, from tussocks of coarse grass. I have taken it from moss in a gravel-pit at Fort Monkton, Hants ; near Sandown, Isle of Wight ; and on the sand-hills at Deal, in May and September.

Genus 20. BADISTER, Clairville.

Mentum dente media nullo. Ligula brevis, apice truncata ; para- glossis membranaceis, elongntis, earn longe superantibus. Palpi

60 CARABID^E. — BADISTER.

articulo ultimo subovato. Mandibulae breves, obtusa. Labrum bilobum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus valde dilatatis, subtus dense spongiosis.

1. B. bipustulatus : capite nigro> thorace subcordato pedibus

elytrisque rufo-testaceis, his postice nigris, suturd margine summo maculdque communi rufo-testaceis.

Carabus bipustulatus, Fab. S. El. 1. 203.

Amblychus bipustulatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 74.

Badister bipustulatus, Sturm, D. F. 3. 186.— Dej. Spec. 2. 406; Icon. 223. pi. 101. — Steph. Mand. 1. 72, et Manual, p. 22. — Erichson, Kafer, 23. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 49.

B. microcephalus, Steph. Mand. 5. 373, et Manual, p. 22.

Var. j3. capite paulo majore, thorace breviore, scutello rufescente. B. lacertosus, Sturm, D. F. 3. 188.— Steph. Mand. 5. 374, et Manual, p. 22.

Head black, in some examples very small, in others large, but always narrower than in the next species, basal joint of the antennae testaceous. Thorax testaceous red, subcordate, sides rounded and narrowed behind and the posterior angles rather rotundate (PI. I. f. 16), the dorsal furrow very fine, the base furnished with two fovese. Elytra oblong, wider than the thorax, simply striated, testaceous red in front with the suture and margins paler, having a broad cyaneous patch behind including a common reddish testaceous spot before the apex varying con- siderably in shape from round to oblong and occasionally obsolete; scutellum usually black, but sometimes pitchy red ; breast wholly black, legs testaceous. Length 2|-3 lines.

Common.

2. B. unipustulatus : capite thoracis latitudine nigro, thorace

breviore postice magis angustato, pectoris scapulis pedibus elytrisque rufo-testaceis, his postice nigris, suturd margine summo maculdque communi ru/O'-testaceis.

Bonelli, Obs. Ent. Mem. de 1'Acad. Imp. Turin, 1811-1812,

p. 443.— Erichson, Kiifer, 22.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 49.

B. cephalotes, Dej. Spec. 2. 406; Icon. 2. 223. pi. 100.— Curtis,

Ent. pi. 139.— Steph. Mand. 1. 72, et Manual, p. 22. B. suturalis, Steph. Mand. 1. 73, et Manual, p. 22.

Larger than bipustulatus. Head broader, about as wide as the thorax, very much depressed in front, the basal joint of the antennae testaceous only at its base. Thorax considerably shorter (PI. I. f. 17), wide in front, and much narrower behind than in the allied species, with the posterior angles more rotundate, the dorsal

CARABID.E. — BADISTER. 61

furrow more deeply impressed, and the basal fovese larger and more strongly marked; scutellum red. Elytra more deeply striated, testaceous red over a more considerable space in front, with the suture and margins paler, and an oblong blue-black or cyaneous patch behind the middle enclosing a semilunar or oblong or roundish testaceous red spot common to both wing-cases be- fore the apex ; breast black with a pale testaceous spot on the scapulars ; legs also testaceous. Length 3 lines.

Local. Newark; Battersea fields and Hammersmith marshes at the roots of willows ; (< in profusion at Winterbourne Stoke, Wilts, in March and April," Rev. G. T. Rudd.

(TRIMORPHUS, Stephens.}

3. B. peltatus : nigro-aneus, micans, thoracis elytrorumque mar-

gine summo pedibmque brunneo-testaceis. (PI. I. f. C.)

Carabus peltatus, Panz. Faun. 37. — Dufts. Faun. 2. 147.

Amblychus peltatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 76.

Badister peltatus, Sturm, D. F. 3. 189. — Dej. Spec. 2. 408;

Icon. 2. 226. pi. 1 0 1 .— Erichson, Kafer, 24.— Heer, Faun.

Helv. 49. Trimorphus Erro, Newman, Ent. Mag. 5. 489. — Steph. Manual,

p. 23.

This species, which is about the size of a smallest bipustulatus, is obscure brassy black, very shining, especially on the surface of the elytra ; margins of the thorax and elytra narrowly edged with brownish testaceous. Head black, smooth and shining ; antennae slender, brownish black, base of the first joint paler. Thorax subquadrate, sides rounded below the anterior angles, thence narrowed behind, posterior angles obtuse, dorsal furrow deep, base with two large impressed fovese. Elytra wider than the thorax, oblong, slightly convex, distinctly striated, the striae impunctate with the exception of two small impressions on the second ; the surface suffused with bright cyaneous reflections in certain lights ; underside of the body brownish black, legs dusky testaceous. Length 2^ lines.

Three examples of this rare insect are ascertained to have been captured in England; one by Mr. Ingall near London, which is the insect described by Mr. Newman in the ' Entomological Magazine' under the name Trimorphus Erro ; two others have been obtained by Mr. S. Stephens near Hammersmith.

4. B. humeralis : nigro-obscurus, subnitidus ; thoracis margine

elytrorum macula humerali margine pedibusque flavo-tes- taceis.

Bonelli, Obs. Ent. Mem. de 1'Acad. Imp. Turin, 1811-1812,

62 CARABID.E. — LICINUS.

p. 443.— Dej. Spec. 2. 410 ; Icon. 2. 227. pi. 101.— Erichson,

Kafer, 23. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 49.

B. sodalis, Sturm, D. F. 3. 191.

Carabus dorsiger, Dufts. Faun. 2. 151.

Trimorphus scapularis, Steph. Mand. 1. 180.

T. confinis, Steph. Mand. 1. 181, et Manual, p. 23.

Obscure black, with a cyaneous reflection on the elytra. Head round, smooth, depressed in front, mouth yellow, base of the first joint of the antennae testaceous, its apex together with the whole of the second, third and fourth joints brownish, the rest reddish, more or less obscure. Thorax obcordate, sides obliquely sloped and narrowed behind, margins pale, delicately reflexed and elevated towards the hinder angles which are rounded, disk transversely wrinkled, having a deep central longitudinal furrow and two large and very deep fovese at the base ; scutellum large, triangular and black. Elytra oblong-ovate, humeral angles rounded, sides very little rounded and only slightly widest be- hind, disk striated, the second stria with two impressions, and a series of deeper punctures on the margins, the latter together with the suture behind and a broad subquadrate spot widest behind on the shoulders testaceous yellow ; underside of the body brownish black ; legs pale yellow. Length 2 lines.

This species is local, but widely distributed. " Carlisle in February and March," Mr. Heysham. "Earl's Court, Brompton," Mr. Waterhouse. "Battersea fields; Darenth; in Norfolk; Loch Awe, Scotland," Mr. Stephens. " Castle Wood, Morpeth," Mr. Scott. I have captured it near Hastings ; and for several years procured it annually in the spring from a copse near Shanklin, Isle of Wight.

Genus 21. LICINUS, Latreille.

Mentum dente media nullo. Ligula brevis, apice truncata ; para- glossis membranaceis, apice rotundatis, ei tequalibus. Palpi articulo ultimo securiformi. Mandibulse breves, obtuste. Labrum apice leviter emarginatum. Tarsi antici maris arti- culis duobus valde dilatatis, subtus dense spongiosis.

1. L. depressus : ater, thorace lateribus subrotundato, elytris oblongo-ovatis, punctato-striatis, inter stitiis planis, undique punctatissimis.

Carabus depressus, Payk. Faun. 1. 110.

Licinus depressus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 73. — Dej. Spec. 2. 401 ;

Icon. 2. 217. pi. 99.— Curtis, Ent. pi. 75.— Steph. Mand. 1.

73, et Manual, p. 23. — Erichson, Kafer, 22. — Heer, Faun.

Helv. 47. Carabus cassidens, 111. Kafer, 1. 159.

CARABID.E. — LICINUS. 63

Entirely deep shining black, the elytra of the ? duller black. Head small, round, much depressed in front, very finely punctured, but a little smooth at the nape. Thorax widest in front with the angles a little acuminated, sides rounded and gradually narrowed towards the hinder angles which are rounded, disk rather convex, densely punctured, the dorsal furrow abbreviated, the base without foveae, but the lateral margins elevated especially at the hinder angles. Elytra oblong-ovate, rounded at the shoulders, apex obliquely truncate, moderately convex, finely striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, interstices flat and thickly punctured ; underside of the thorax and breast punctate ; cilia and claws red. Length 4^ lines.

This species is found in chalky districts; near Canterbury, Dover, Box Hill, &c. in the autumn.

2. L. Silphoides : ater, thorace transverse lateribus rotundato, punctato, in media subl&vigato ; etytris ovatis, punctato- striatis, interstitiis subelevatis profunde punctatis, tribus magis elevatis.

Carabus Silphoides, Fab. S. El. 1. 190.

Licinus Silphoides, Sturm, D. F. 3. 177.— Dej. Spec. 2. 394 ; Icon. 2. 210. pi. 98.— Steph. Mand. 1. 73, et Manual, p. 23.

Deep black. Head minutely punctured, depressed in front, with an elevated ridge on each side between the antennae con- nected by a curved transverse fold in front ; palpi and two joints at the base of the antennae pitchy black, the rest fuscous. Thorax transverse, very short and broad, anterior angles produced, sides regularly rounded, widest about the middle, margins elevated especially at the base, hinder angles rotundate, disk strongly punctured and wrinkled but a little smooth in the centre, with an abbreviated dorsal furrow and a broad obsolete fovea on each side at the base. Elytra ovate, broad, humeral angles rounded, sinuated before the apex, which latter is much produced, finely striated, the stria? deeply, regularly and remotely punctured, the interstices sparingly but deeply punctured and slightly elevated, the third, fifth and seventh more elevated, so as to present the appearance of three distinct raised lines ; body beneath minutely, sides of the breast coarsely punctured; cilia and claws red. Length 5|-6^ lines.

In profusion on the south-east side of Box Hill in autumn. Found also in the Isle of Portland ; at Dover, &c. and in other chalky districts.

Genus 22. OODES, Boneffi.

Mentum dente media integro. Ligula apice liber a dilatataque ; paraglossis membranaceis. Palpi articulo ultimo cylindrico,

64 CARABID^E. OODES.

apice truncato. Mandibulse rectiusculte, acuta. Labrum apice truncatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, singulis subquadratis, subtus dense spongiosis.

1. O. Helopioides : oblongo-ovatus, ater, elytris subtiliter punc- tato-striatis.

Carabus Helopioides, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 155.— Fab. S. El. 1. 196.

Harpalus Helopioides, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 135.

Oodes Helopoides, Sturm, D. F. 6. 66.— Dej. Spec. 2. 378 ;

Icon. 2. 201. pi. 97. — Steph. Mand. 1. 125, et Manual, p. 35.

— Erichson, Kafer, 96.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 47.

Deep black. Head and thorax smooth and impunctate, the latter narrowed in front, then gradually widening till it becomes broad behind the middle, the posterior angles produced, the disk with a faint dorsal furrow and the base destitute of fovese. Elytra as broad as the thorax, oblong, the sides straight nearly to the extremity and the apex broadly rounded in some examples but slightly sinuated in others, convex, striated, the striae finely punctulated, with two minute impressions between the second and third from the suture, and a series on the exterior margin ; body beneath thickly punctured on the sides ; legs black, tarsi pitchy. Length 4i lines.

The peculiarity of form in the species which represents this genus must always sufficiently distinguish it, especially its broad thorax equalling the elytra in width, and the oblong, convex and parallel form of the entire insect.

'It is not a very abundant species, or at any rate is rather local. It is found in marshy places, in the Cambridgeshire fens, more plentifully near Whittlesea Mere and at Herringstone near Dor- chester ; and according to Stephens in Hackney marshes ; Bat- tersea fields ; Abbots Ann, Hants ; Amesbury, Wilts, &c.

Genus 23. CHKffiNIUS, Bonelli.

Mentum dente medio bifido. Ligula cornea, apice libera dilatata- que ; paraglossis membranaceis apice liberis, earn vix super- antibus. Palpi articulo ultimo cylindrico, apice truncato. Mandibulae acuta, basi crenulata. Labrum apice truncatum vel obsolete sinuatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, singulis subquadratis, subtus dense spongiosis.

1. C. sulcicollis : nigro-obscurus, pubescens ; thorace postice trisulcato, punctatissimo ; elytris obsolete punctato-striatis, interstitiis rugoso-granulatis ; antennis pedibusque nigris.

Carabus sulcicollis <?, Payk. Faun. 1. 153. Harpalus sulcicollis (?, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 130.

CARABID^. CHL^NIUS. 65

Chlanius sulcicollis, Sturm, D. F. 5. 144.— Dej. Spec. 2. 356 ; Icon. 2. 182. pi. 94. — Curtis, Ent. pi. 83.— Steph. Mand. 1. 77, et Manual, p. 24. — Erichson, Kafer, 97. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 46.

Head black, obsoletely wrinkled, with an oblong fovea on each side in front ; mandibles pitchy, palpi and antennae black, the upper joints of the latter fusco-pubescent. Thorax fuscous black, wide especially behind, rather narrowed in front and rounded at the angles, disk very much punctured, the punctures more sparingly distributed and the surface more glabrous in front, closely and finely granulated and scabrous behind, and clothed with a brownish pubescence, the base with three abbreviated longitudinal furrows and exterior to these an oblong rugose fovea near each angle ; scutellum smooth. Elytra very wide, ovate, rather convex, fuscous black, clothed with a brownish pubescence, obsoletely punctate-striated, interstices closely granulated and rugose, and presenting a finely shagreened appearance ; under- side of the body and legs black. Length 6 lines.

The claim of this rare species to admission into our indigenous fauna is very meagre, resting upon a solitary example in the cabinet of J. Curtis, Esq. It was picked up (dead) on the coast near Covehithe, Suffolk, by that gentleman's brother.

2. C. holosericeus : capite sublfsvi obscure aneo ; thorace sub- quadrato punctato-ruguloso ; elytris striatis interstitiis rugoso-granulatis nigro obscuris pubescentibus ; antennis pedibusque nigris.

Carabus holosericeus, Fab. Mant. 1. 199 (1787).— Fab. S. El. 1.

193.— Payk. Mon. 110 (1790).— Payk. Faun. 1. 153. Harpalus holosericeus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 112. Chlcenius holosericeus, Sturm, D. F. 5. 134. — Dej. Spec. 2. 355 ;

Icon. 2. 181. pi. 93.— Steph. Mand. 1 . 177, et Manual, p. 24.

—Erichson, Kafer, 98.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 46.

Rather larger and broader than nigricornis. Head obscurely bronzed or coppery, sometimes a little greenish, smooth ; antennae black. Thorax subquadrate, the width rather greater than the length, sides very moderately rounded so that the base is as wide as the anterior margin, hinder angles obtuse, obscure dusky black, sometimes faintly coppery, very densely clothed with a yellowish brown pubescence, rugosely punctate and presenting a shagreened appearance, base with an obsolete fovea in each angle. Elytra also obscure brownish black, and like the thorax clothed with a very dense yellowish brown pubescence, oblong-ovate, striated, the striae very finely punctate, interstices thickly rugose

66 CARABID^I. CHL.ENIUS.

and granulated; underside of the body and the legs black. Length 5£ lines.

This insect appears to be extremely rare in this country. Mr. Stephens quotes Fen Ditton, Berks, as one of its localities, and further states that Mr. Weaver captured several specimens near Whittlesea Mere in August 1826. It is said to have been found also in Norfolk by Mr. Skrimshire. Three examples were taken more recently by Mr. Grimston at Hornsey on the Yorkshire coast during a flood ; and a single individual by Mr. Haliday near Athy in Ireland.

3. C. nigricornis : viridis, pubescens ; capite sublcevi thoraceque punctatissimoviridi-cupreis, hoc subquadrato, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis subtiliter granulatis ; antennarum articulo primo pedibusque nigro-piceis.

Carabus nigricornis, Fab. Mant. 1. 202 (1787).— Fab. S. El. 1.

198.— Payk. Mon. 112 (1790).— Payk. Faun. 1. 154. Harpalus nigricornis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 113. Chlcenius nigricornis (var. b), Sturm, D. F. 5. 135. — Dej. Spec.

2. 351 ; Icon. 2. 177. pi. 92.— Steph. Mand. 1. 177, et

Manual, p. 24. — Erichson, Kafer, 99.— Heer, Faun. Helv.46. Var. /3. antennarum articulo primo pedibusque rufis.

C. melanocornis, Dej. Spec. 2. 350; Icon. 2. 175. pi. 92.— Steph.

Mand. 1. 78, et Manual, p. 24.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 45. C.fulgidus, Steph. Mand. 1. 98, et Manual, p. 24.

Above rich green, head and thorax with a reddish coppery tinge. Head triangular, convex, rather smooth, having an oblong fovea on each side between the antennae connected by a transverse line ; mouth, palpi and basal joint of the antennae pitchy black. Thorax subquadrate, short, the width being somewhat greater than the length, sides regularly and very moderately rounded, base truncate, hinder angles obtuse, dorsal furrow abbreviated before and behind, disk thickly punctured, base with an oblong impression on each side. Elytra broad, ovate, striated, interstices finely granulated ; underside dull black, pubescent, sides of the thorax purplish green, thickly but not coarsely punctured and transversely wrinkled ; legs pitchy black. Length 5 lines.

The variety melanocornis differs only in having the mouth, palpi, basal joint of the antennae and the legs red. C. fulgidus, Steph., is an immature individual of this variety; and I may here mention that C. xanthopus, Steph., is represented, according to Dr. Schaum, by a North American insect.

This species is found pretty commonly in fens, marshes, and on the banks of rivers. It has been taken by Mr. Haliday at Holywood in Ireland.

CARABID.E. - CHL^ENIUS. 67

4. C. agrorum : viridis, thorace elytrisque pubescentibus sub- tilissime granulatis ; elytris striatis, margine antennarum basi pedibusque flavis.

Carabus ctffrorum, Oliv. Ent. 3. 35.

ChlfBnius agrorum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 129.— Dej. Spec. 2. 313 ;

Icon. 2. 169. pi. 91.— Steph. Mand. 1. 79, et Manual, p. 24.

— Heer, Faun. Helv. 45.

Above beautiful light green. Head finely and delicately rugose, having a deeply impressed pit on each side in front near the base of the antennae ; three joints at the base of the latter, together with the palpi testaceous, the rest of the antennae pale dull brown and pubescent, the mandibles pitchy, the labrurn testaceous. Thorax narrowest in front, the sides a little rounded below the angles, then from about the middle to the base straight, the posterior angles obtuse, disk with a slender dorsal furrow, and on each side at the base an oblong impression, the whole surface beautifully shagreened and adorned with a golden pile ; scutellum sometimes yellowish. Elytra oblong, not so much narrowed in front as in nigricornis, rather obsoletely striated, the interstices finely granulated, the surface thickly clothed with a golden pubescence and the whole exterior margin testaceous yellow; beneath the thorax and breast are greenish black, the abdomen dusky and the whole surface punc- tured, legs testaceous. Length 5^ lines.

The claim of this very conspicuous insect to admission into our indigenous fauna rests upon very few examples at present, and some of these are very dubious. Stephens has informed us that it was captured by Dr. Leach, near Plymouth, in the spring of 1816, and that it has been found near Bristol. The Rev. H. Clark has a specimen in his collection, which was taken at Matlock.

5. C.vestitus: viridis, pubescens ; thorace subcordato,j0zmcta/o, angulis ppsticis rectis; elytris striatis, inter stitiis subtiliter granulatis, margine ante apicem dilatato antennis pedibus- que flavo-testaceis.

Carabus vestitus, Payk. Mon. 71 (1790).— Fab. Ent. S. 1. 158

(1792).— Fab. S. El. 1. 200. Harpalus vestitus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 84. Chlcenius vestitus, Sturm, D. F. 5. 130.— Dej. Spec. 2. 322 ;

Icon. 2. 172. pi. 91.— Steph. Mand. 1. 79, et Manual, p. 24.

— Erichson, Kafer, 100.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 45.

Head purplish green, with two fovese connected by a transverse line in front ; mouth, palpi and antennse testaceous. Thorax

F 2

68 CARABID^E. — CALLISTUS.

subcordate, sides rounded in front from below the anterior angles to behind the middle, then straight so as to form with the base a right angle, green, pubescent, rather depressed, coarsely punctured, the dorsal furrow interrupted in front and terminating in a depression, base with two oblong impressions. Elytra twice the width of the thorax, ovate, dilated behind the middle, dull green, densely pubescent, the lateral margins testa- ceous yellow dilated and denticulated before the extremity, striated, the interstices finely granulated; underside of the body dull black, punctured and pubescent; legs testaceous yellow. Length 4J lines.

Abundant beneath stones near streams, and in swampy places near London ; on the southern coasts, as well as in many other parts of England and Ireland.

Genus 24. CALLISTUS, Latreille.

Mentum dente medio integro, lato, obtuso. Ligula apice dilatata, obtusa, paraglossis membranaceis longior. Palpi articulo ultimo subovato, apice acuminato. Mandibulse breves, acutce. Labrum apice truncatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, subtus dense spongiosis.

1. C. lunatus : capite nigro cyaneo, thorace rufo, elytris flavo- testaceis nigro-maculatis.

Carabus lunatus, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 163.— Fab. S. El. 1. 205.

Anchomenus lunatus, Sturm, D. F. 5. 176.

Callistus lunatus, Dej. Spec. 2. 296; Icon. 2. 158. pi. 89.—

Curtis, Ent. pi. 180.— Steph. Hand. 1. 81, et Manual, p. 24.

— Heer, Faun. Helv. 44.

Head large, oblong, with a cyaneous (or sometimes greenish) tinge, strongly punctured ; antennae dusky, with two joints at the base testaceous. Thorax testaceous red, cordate, sides rounded in front and widest in the middle, very much contracted behind, posterior angles acute, disk convex, very finely and closely punctured, with a slender dorsal furrow abbreviated before and behind, and an obsolete fovea near each basal angle. Elytra ovate, shoulders rounded and narrowed, sides a little sinuated, widest behind the middle, disk somewhat convex, very finely punctate- striated and with the interstices closely and minutely punctured and pubescent, testaceous yellow, with a small rounded spot on the humeral angles, a broad transverse fascia about the middle not reaching the suture, and another before the apex extending across the suture and connected externally with the central fascia black; underside blue-black,

CARABID^E. POGONUS. 69

punctured and pubescent, legs yellow, apex of femora and tarsi brownish black. Length 3 lines.

Very local; but taken occasionally near Folkstone, Dover, Canterbury, Kingstone, and other chalky districts of Kent.

Genus 25. POGONUS, Dejean.

Mentum profunde emarginatum, dente media bifido. Palpi articulo ultimo oblongo-ovato, apice truncato. Mandibulse basi intus denticulate, subarcuata, acutce. Labrum breve, transversum, emarginatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis duobus dilatatis.

1. P. luridipennis : viridi-aeneus ; thorace subtransverso , postice coarctato, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris ochraceis, ceneo micantibus, subparallelis, striato-punctatis, punctis tribus impressis ; ore antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Harpalus luridipennis. Germ. Ahrens, Faun. Eur. 7. 2. (1812,

&c.).

Pogonus luridipennis, Dej. Spec. 3. 9 ; Icon. 2. 244. pi. 103. P. Burrellii, Curtis, Ent. pi. 47.— Steph. Hand. 1. 106, et

Manual, p. 31.

Head and thorax brassy green with coppery reflections, the former with an oblong fovea on each side and transversely wrinkled on the crown, mouth, palpi and antennae reddish testa- ceous. Thorax transverse, short, sides rounded in front from below the angles to behind the middle, then straight, the posterior margin being sloped towards the hinder angles so as to render them not quite rectangular, disk convex, strongly wrinkled, having a deep dorsal furrow which is entire but intersected in front by a slightly rugose transverse impression, the base depressed punctured and rugose, having a broad not very deep punctured fovea near each angle, exterior to which is an elevated line running into the angle itself. Elytra ochreous with a bronzed cloud on the disk, broad, a little rounded below the angles, punctate-striated, the strise appearing rather greenish, and most deeply impressed in the centre of the disk, less deep on the sides and at the apex, the second stria with a deeper puncture before the extremity, and the third with two others placed one about the middle and another before the middle; underside black, legs reddish testaceous. Length 3^ lines.

This conspicuous and well-marked species was first discovered in this country near Salthouse on the Norfolk coast by the late Rev. 3. Burrell, after whom Mr. Curtis named it, but it had previously been described in Ahrens' European Fauna under the

70 CARABID.E. POGONUS.

name luridipennis. It has also been taken at Lymington Salterns ; near Sandwich ; and in profusion on the muddy banks of the Thames in the Isle of Sheppey.

2. P. chalceus : ceneus ; thorace subquadrato, postice subcoarc- tato, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris oblongis, subparal- lelis, striato-punctatis, punctis tribus impressis, striis externis obsoletis ; femoribus rufo-piceis, tibiis tarsisque ruf

Carabus chalceus, Marsham, Ent. 460.

Pogonus chalceus, Steph. Mand. 1. 107, et Manual, p. 31.

P. halophilus, Germ. Ahrens, Faun. Eur. 10. 1. — Dej. Spec. 3.

13; Icon. 2. 249. pi. 104. P. littoralis, Steph. Mand. 5. 376, et Manual, p. 31.

Shining brassy, sometimes bluish or greenish brass. Head smooth, with a deep oblong fovea on each side between the antennae, the latter fuscous black with their apex paler. Thorax subquadrate, the breadth being rather greater than the length, sides rounded, but not so much as in the preceding species, nor so much or so suddenly contracted behind, posterior angles very nearly right angles, disk convex, dorsal line slender and inter- sected in front by a triangular punctured impression, base depressed, punctured, having a punctured fovea on each side, and exterior to that a minute elevated line running into the angle. Elytra oblong, sides very slightly rounded, convex, punctate-striated, the strise much finer and the punctures wanting behind the middle, and both entirely obsolete on the sides, the third stria has a deeper impression before the middle and another about the middle, and the second has a less distinct one nearer the extremity; underside black, legs red, femora sometimes pitchy red. Length 3 lines.

P. littoralis, Steph., does not differ from the present species.

Common in salt-marshes and estuaries, and on the banks of tidal rivers.

3. P. littoralis : viridi-seneus ; thorace latiore subquadrato, an- tice posticeque subcoarctato, angulis posticis subrectis; elytris oblongis, subparallelis, fortiter striato-punctatis, punctis tribus impressis, striis externis obsoletis ; femoribus rufo-piceis, tibiis tarsisque rufescentibus.

Carabus littoralis, Dufts. Faun. 2. 183.

Platysma littoralis, Sturm, D. F. 5. 67.

Pogonus littoralis, Dej. Spec. 3. 11 ; Icon. 2. 280. pi. 104.

P. aruginosus, Steph. Mand. 1. 107, et Manual, p. 31.

CARABID^E. POGONUS. 71

Larger than chalceus and uniformly brassy green. Head wide with an oblong smooth impression on each side, the space between them on the crown being broader and smoother than in the former species, the antennae fuscous black, the apical joints a little stouter. Thorax subquadrate, more narrowed in front, but broader and more dilated and rounded in the middle on the sides and a little narrowed behind, the posterior angles not quite rectangular, disk very much wrinkled, dorsal furrow slender and intersected in front by a curved punctured or rugose impression, base depressed, the entire space between the basal fovese more thickly and strongly punctured, the fovese themselves not quite so deep but broader and very much punctured, having also ex- terior to them an elevated line running into the angle as in the foregoing species. Elytra much broader, subparallel, strongly striate-punctate in front, the striae more slender and the punctures absent behind the middle and both altogether obsolete on the sides as in the allied species, having also three deeper impressions similarly placed; underside black, legs rusty red, the femora darkest. Length 3J lines.

This insect is very closely allied to the preceding, but is larger and longer, rather more convex, and usually entirely brassy green above. The thorax is distinctly narrower in front and behind and appears therefore more rounded at the sides ; the elytra are wider, more deeply striated, and the striae more strongly punctured in front. Dejean points out other particulars by which it is to be distinguished, but little reliance is to be placed upon them ; its general habit or appearance, as above indicated, will amply serve to recognize it after a very little practice.

It may be taken in great profusion in Lymington Salterns under clods of clay, unassociated with chalceus, though the latter is found also in other parts of the same Salterns ; on the Lin- colnshire coast I have taken them in company; but at Deal, Whitstable, Gravesend, and in the Isle of Wight, &c., chalceus is found without any examples of littoralis associated with it. P. aruginosus, Steph., is an immature individual of this species.

Genus 26. PATROBUS, Dejean.

Mentum dente medio bifido. Ligula cornea, apice rotundata ; para- glossis apice rotundatis. Palpi articulo ultimo subcylindrico, apice truncato. Mandibulse subarcuata, acutiusculce. Labrum transversum, breve, truncatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis duobus dilatatis, subobcordatis, subtus biseriatim pectinato- setosis.

72 CARABID^E. PATROBUS.

1. P. excavatus : apterus, nigro-piceus, nitidus ; thorace cordato,

postice utrinque profunde foveolato punctulatoque ; elytris oblong o-ovatis, punctato-striatis, punctis tribus impressis ; pedibus rufescentibus.

Carabus excavatus, Payk. Mon. 38. — Panz. Faun. 32. — Erich- son, Kafer, 119.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 51.

Harpalus rufipes, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 97.

Platysma rujipes, Sturm, D. F. 5. 56.

Patrobus rufipes, Dej. Spec. 3. 28 ; Icon. 2. 256. pi. 106.— Steph. Mand. 1. 119, et Manual, p. 34.

Pitchy black, sometimes reddish pitchy. Head convex, smooth, with an oblong fovea on each side in front between the antenme and a transverse punctured impression behind the eyes, antennae pitchy red. Thorax elongate, heart-shaped, narrowed behind, posterior angles acute and elevated, rather convex, very shining, with a deep longitudinal dorsal furrow, met in front by a row of deep punctures, base with two deeply impressed punctured fovese. Elytra oblong-ovate, humeral angles much rounded and rather narrow, sides widest behind, disk very shining, punctate-striated, the striae rather obsolete at the sides and apex, between the second and third from the suture three deeper impressions ; legs rusty red with the thighs darker. Length 3~— 4 lines.

PaykulPs and Panzer's name excavatus must be adopted for this species ; C. rufipes of Fabricius is identical with Calathus fuscus.

This species is found in profusion on the Welsh mountains, in the north of England, and in Scotland and Ireland. I have taken it abundantly also in damp woods in Kent and on the shores of the Thames below Gravesend.

2. P. septentrionis : alatus, nigro-piceus ; thorace subcordato,

postice utrinque foveolato ; elytris oblong o-ovatis, subtiiiter punctato-striatis, punctis tribus impressis ; pedibus piceis.

Dej. Spec. 3. 29 ; Icon. 2. 266. pi. 106.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 51. P. alpinus, Curtis, Ent.pl. 192.— Steph. Mand. 1. 120, etManual,

p. 34. Harpalus rufipes, var. c., Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 97.

This species is larger and longer than excavatus and is further distinguished by its ample wings. It is pitchy black with the mouth and palpi red, the antennae pitchy rufous. Thorax shorter, less cordate, wider at the base, with the latter not punctured but furnished with two large foveae, the anterior margin also is more sparingly punctured, disk depressed and much wrinkled trans- versely on each side the dorsal furrow. Elytra more elongate,

CARABID^E. PRISTONYCHUS. 73

broader, smoother and flatter, the punctured striae much finer and almost obsolete at the apex and on the sides, having three equidistant larger impressions between the third and fourth striae. Length 4£ lines.

Sparingly distributed on the Scotch mountains.

Genus 27. PRISTONYCHUS, Dejean.

Mentum dente medio emarginato. Ligula apice truncata ; para- glossis linearibus, earn paulum superantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo cylindrico. Mandibulse rectiusculce, acutce. Labrum quadratum, apice leviter emarginatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, subtus biseriatim pectinato-setosis, unguiculi intus basi subtiliter serrati.

1. P. terricola: apterus,nigro-piceus; thoracesubcordato,postice utrinque impresso ; elytris obscure cyaneis, striatis, striis subtilissime punctulatis ; antennis pedibusque fusco-piceis.

Carabus terricola, Herbst, Archiv, 164 (1794).— 111. Kafer, 1.

184 (1798). Pristonychus terricola, Dej. Spec. 3. 45 ; Icon. 2. 275. pi. 107. —

Steph. Mand. 1. 85, et Manual, p. 25. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 53. Carabus subcyaneus, 111. Mag. 1. 57 (1801). Harpalus subcyaneus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 91. Sphodrus subcyaneus, Sturm, D. F. 5. 151. Pristonychus subcyaneus, Erichson, Kafer, 105.

Beneath pitchy black, above shining black ; elytra blue-black or cyaneous. Head oblong with an impression on each side be- hind the antennae, connected by a transverse raised line in front ; antennae and palpi pitchy. Thorax cordate, anterior angles produced, sides regularly and evenly rounded till behind the middle, then narrowed towards the posterior angles, which are acute and prominent, disk transversely wrinkled, with a faint dorsal line touching the base, but terminated in front by a tri- angular depression, base with two foveae ending above in a curved stria. Elytra ovate, regularly striated, the striae finely punctured, margins with a series of deeper impressions ; legs pitchy black. Length 7 lines.

Common.

Genus 28. SPHODRUS, Clairville.

Mentum dente medio brevi, emarginato. Ligula lata, apice trun- cata ; paraglossis linearibus, earn superantibus. Palpi articulo

74 CARABID.E. SPHODRUS.

ultimo cylindrico. Mandibulse longiuscula, basi intus denti- culate, apice acuminata. Labrum truncatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis dilatatis, subtus biseriatim pectinato-setosis.

1. S.leucophthalmus: alatus, niger opacus,subdepressus; thorace subcordato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, subtiliter punctato- striatis.

Carabus leucophthalmus, Linn. F. S. 784. — Marsham, Ent. 431.

Harpalus leucophthalmus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 80.

Sphodrus leucophthalmus, Steph. Mand. 1 . 84, et Manual, p. 25.

— Erichson, Kafer, 106. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 52. Carabus planus, Fab. S. El. 1. 179. Sphodrus planus, Sturm, D. F. 5. 149. — Dej. Spec. 3. 88 ; Icon.

2. 327. pi. 114.

Head oblong, smooth, with an impression on each side between the antennae. Thorax narrow, heart-shaped, anterior angles obtusely prominent, sides rounded and widest about the middle, narrowed behind, posterior angles acute and prominent, very rugose especially on the sides and at the base, which has two oblong depressed striae, the central line very faint and intersected before and behind by a transverse stria. Elytra oblong, opake black, sides rather parallel, faintly punctate-striated, the second stria from the margin with a series of larger impressions. Length 10-12 lines.

In cellars and outhouses, generally distributed ; but very rare in Ireland.

Genus 29. CALATHUS, Bonelli.

Mentum dente medio bifido. Ligula apice rotundata ; paraglossis ei (squalibus. Palpi articulo ultimo cylindrico. MandibulaB breves, basi obsolete crenulatce, acut<B. Labrum quadratum, apice truncatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, subtus biseriatim pectinato-setosis, unguiculi serrati.

1. C. piceus: apterus, nigro-piceus ; thorace quadrato, antics posticeque subangustato, basi utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis rotundatis ; elytris ovatis subtiliter striatis, punctis quinque impressis ; pedibus rufo-piceis.

Carabus piceus, Marsham, Ent. 444. Calathus piceus, Steph. Mand. 1. 98, et Manual, p. 28. C. rotundicollis, Dej. Spec. 3. 75 ; Icon. 2. 312. pi. 112. Amphyginus piceus, Haliday, Ent. 175.

Wingless, pitchy black. Head very smooth and convex behind arid with a small fovea on each side between the antenna and

CARABID^E. CALATHUS.

75

a transverse impression in front, enclosing an elevated space between them ; mandibles pitchy, palpi and antennae testaceous red. Thorax quadrate, narrowed in front, sides regularly rounded and widest about the middle, obliquely narrowed behind, the margins finely reflexed, posterior angles rounded, the dorsal furrow interrupted in front by a triangular depression, base with a large oblong smooth fovea on each side. Elytra ovate, mode- rately striated, the striae impunctate, having four or five impressed dots between the second and third striae ; body beneath pitchy black, breast and abdomen more or less rufescent ; legs pitchy red. Length 4-5 lines.

A local species : " in profusion at Castle Howard, Yorkshire ; Devonshire; Norfolk; Bottisham, Cambridgeshire," Mr. Stephens. " Bamburgh, Twizell and Bradley Mill, Northumberland," Mr. T. J. Bold. Leicester and the midland counties ; Coombe Wood, &c. Frequent also in many parts of Scotland and Ireland.

2. C. Cisteloides : apterus, niger ; thorace subquadrato, antice angustato, postice utrinque impresso punctatoque, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris striatis, striis subtilissime punctatis, interstitiis tertio quintoque punctis remotis impressis ; pedibus rufis vel piceo-nigris.

Carabus Cisteloides, Panz. Faun. 11. — 111. Kafer, 1. 163.

Harpalus Cisteloides, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 125.

Calathus Cisteloides, Dej. Spec. 3. 65 ; Icon. 2. 299. pi. 110.—

Steph. Mand. 1. 99, et Manual, p. 29. Carabus frigidus, Fab. S. El. 1. 189.

Wingless, black, palpi and antennae pitchy, basal joint of the latter red. Thorax subquadrate, narrowest in front, sides nearly straight behind and the posterior angles right angles, disk much wrinkled, with a large oblong punctured impression on each side at the base, which is also rugose. Elytra oblong-ovate, striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, the third and fifth interstices with several larger impressions and about six at the extremity of the second ; legs red, tarsi pitchy, sometimes the legs are wholly pitchy black, which variety represents the Carabus obscurus of Marsham. Length 4-6 lines.

Common.

3. C. flavipes : apterus, nigro-piceus ; thorace subquadrato, an- tice subangustato, postice utrinque impresso, angulis posti- cis rectis ; elytris obsoletissime viridi-micantibus, striatis, interstitio tertio punctis duobus impressis; antennis pedibusque rufs.

Buprcstis flavipes, Fourc. Ent. Paris. 1. 43 (1785).

76 CARABID.E. CALATHUS.

Carabus Jlavipes, Dufts. Faun. 2. 122.

Calathus flavipes, Sturm, D. F. 5. 115. — Steph. Mand. 5.375,

et Manual, p. 29.

Harpalus fulvipes, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 128. Calathus fulvipes, Dej. Spec. 3. 70; Icon. 2. 307. pi. 111.—

Erichson, Kafer, 102. C. crocopus, Steph. Mand. 1. 99, et Manual, p. 29.

Rather more parallel than Cisteloides, pitchy black, very shining, sometimes with a greenish tinge on the elytra of the $, dull pitchy black in the ? . Thorax with its margins reddish, disk smooth, dorsal furrow interrupted before and behind, base smooth and with an obsolete impunctate fovea on each side. Elytra finely striated, the third interstice with two impressions only and none on the fifth, which character serves at once to distinguish it from Cisteloides ; palpi, antennse and legs red. Length 4-5 lines.

This insect appears to be the Buprestis flavipes of Fourcroy's work. The Carabus flavipes of PaykulFs monograph can scarcely (judging from the description) be reconciled with it.

It is abundant in sandy districts.

4. C.fuscus: alatus, fusco-piceus ; thorace subquadrato, utrinque obsolete impresso, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris subtiliter striatis, punctis duobus impressis ; antennis pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus fuscus, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 158.— Fab. S. El. 1. 184.

Harpalus fuscusy Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 126.

Calathus fuscus, Sturm, D. F. 5. 109.— Dej. Spec. 3. 71 ; Icon.

2. 308. pi. 111.— Steph. Mand. 1. 100, et Manual, p. 29.—

Erichson, Kafer, 103. Carabus rufangulus, Marsham, Ent. 441. Calathus rufangulus, Steph. Mand. 1. 100, et Manual, p. 29. Carabus rufipes, Fab. S. El. 1. 184.

Much broader than any of the preceding and entirely fuscous brown, with the margins of the thorax, the palpi, antennae and legs livid testaceous. Head smooth and convex, with an impres- sion on each side between the eyes. Thorax subquadrate, narrowed in front, broad and straight behind, with the posterior angles slightly acute, disk with a deep central line, transversely wrinkled, and a very broad slightly impressed fovea on each side at the base. Elytra ovate, broader than the thorax, sides regularly rounded, finely striated, with two impressed dots between the second and third striae and the usual series on the margin. Length 4^-5 lines.

CARABID.E. CALATHUS. 77

Extremely abundant on the Chesil bank and other sandy commons near the southern coasts of England and Wales.

5. C. mollis : apterus, fusco-piceus ; thorace subquadrato, antice subangustato, margins rufo-testaceo, basi utrinque leviter impresso, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris oblongo- ovatiSj subtiliter striatis punctisque tribus impressis ; an- tennis pedibusque pallide testaceis.

Carabus mollis, Marsham, Ent. 450. Calathus mollis, Steph. Mand. 1. 101, et Manual, p. 29. Carabus ochropterus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 124. Calathus ochropterus, Dej. Spec. 3. 79 ; Icon. 2. 313. pi. 112. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 56.

Wingless, pitchy brown, with the margins of the thorax tes- taceous, palpi and antennae pale testaceous. Thorax subquadrate, a little narrowed in front, sides very nearly parallel behind, posterior angles obtuse, dorsal furrow very slender, base de- pressed and furnished with a very shallow smooth fovea on each side. Elytra oblong-ovate, narrowed before and behind, so that the sides appear very much rounded and distinctly widest in the middle, very finely striated, the third interstice with from three to (sometimes) five impressions; legs pale testaceous. Length 3^ lines.

Its smaller size and more quadrate thorax, with obtuse hinder angles, immediately distinguish this species from smaller examples offuscus. *

A very abundant species on sandy commons near the coast in England, Scotland and Ireland.

6. C. melanocephalus : apterus, nigro-piceus ; thorace rufo, subquadrato, antice angustato, basi utrinque leviter im- presso, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris ovatis} subtiliter striatis punctisque tribus impressis ; antennis pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus melanocephalus, Linn. F. S. 795 ; S. N. 2. 671. —

Fab. S. El. 1. 190.

Harpalus melanocephalus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 129. Calathus melanocephalus, Sturm, D. F. 5. 116. — Dej. Spec. 3.

80 ; Icon. 2. 316. pi. 112.— Steph. Mand. 1. 98, et Manual,

p. 29.— Erichson, Kafer, 101.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 56. C. apicalis, Newman, Ent. Mag. 1. 287. — Steph. Mand. 5. 375,

et Manual, p. 29.

Wingless, black or pitchy black, with the thorax entirely and

78 CARABID^E. CALATHUS.

the margins of the elytra narrowly red. Head black, depressed in front, palpi and antennae testaceous. Thorax subquadrate, shorter and broader than in the preceding species or either of the following, distinctly contracted in front, the sides parallel from the middle to the base, which is truncate, and the posterior angles obtuse, the dorsal line slender, terminating before and behind in a depressed space, the disk on each side of it finely wrinkled transversely, the base furnished with a shallow impres- sion on each side more or less slightly evident. Elytra a little wider than the base of the thorax, ovate, apex rounded, finely striated, having two impressions between the second and third striae ; legs testaceous red. Length 3£ lines.

There are varieties in which the thorax is more or less pitchy. C. apicalis, Newman, is an immature example of this species, which is very common everywhere.

7. C. micropterus : apterus, niger, nitidus; thorace subqua- drato, antice posticeque subangustato, basi utrinque pro- funde foveolato, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, striatis punctisque tribus impressis ; an- tennis pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus micropterus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 123.

Calathus micropterus ?, Sturm, D. F. 5. 113.— Steph. Mand.

5. 437, et Manual, p. 29.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 55. Harpalus micropterus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 442. Calathus microcephalus, Dej. Spec. 3. 78 ; Icon. 2. 313. pi. 112.

—Heer, Faun. Helv. 55. C. glabripennis 3, Sturm, D. F. 5. 118.

Wingless, black (or pitchy black), very shining ; mandibles, palpi, antennae and legs (and sometimes the lateral margins of the thorax narrowly) testaceous red. Head convex, smooth and shining, with a fovea on each side in front between the antennas and a slight double impression on the crown, the fifth to the last joints of the antennae rather stout. Thorax subquadrate, rather narrowed in front and rounded below the anterior angles, slightly narrowed also behind, with the margins slenderly reflexed and the posterior angles obtuse, disk convex, the central line deep at the base, and a deeply impressed roundish fovea on each side near the hinder angles which are otherwise slightly rugose. Elytra oblong-ovate, shoulders rounded and a little narrowed, sides very slightly rounded, disk convex, finely stri- ated, some of the stria? very obsoletely punctured, the third with three deeper impressions near* one another before the middle, and the second with one placed further behind. Length 3-4 lines.

CARABID^E. CALATHUS. 79

The more rounded lateral margins of the thorax and the deeper basal impressions, together with the less rounded and dilated sides of the elytra and its uniform dark colour, sufficiently distinguish this insect from either of the preceding.

It is a mountain species, but rather rare. I have captured the insect on several occasions on the high moors near Llan- gollen, in August and September : it is found also in Scotland in similar situations. " Near the summit of Hedgehope in July," Mr. Hardy.

8. C. nubigena : subapterus, niger; thorace quadrate, antice sub- angustato, basi utrinque leviter impresso ; elytris oblongis, subparallelis, striatis, punctis 3 vel 4 impressis ; antenna- rum basi pedibusque rufescentibus. (PI. I. f. D.)

Haliday, Ann. N. Hist. 2. 112 (1839).— Curtis, Guide, 53. 5. Oblong, black, elytra sometimes with a greenish gloss. Head small and narrow, palpi and antennae pitchy, three joints at the base of the latter and the extreme tip of the former reddish. Thorax quadrate, narrowed in front, sides scarcely rounded, but again very slightly contracted just before the posterior angles, which are obtuse, dorsal furrow very faint, base with two oblong rather parallel, shallow foveee. Elytra oblong, subparallel or with the sides very slightly rounded, distinctly striated, the three striae nearest the suture are carried to the apex, the fourth joins the third by a slight curve before the apex, the fifth and sixth are abbreviated and unite behind the middle, the seventh is carried round the others and joins the third at the extremity, the eighth is carried quite round to the tip and always bears a series of remote round impressed punctures from the shoulder to almost the extremity, each elytron has likewise four distinct impressions, placed one at the junction of the first and second striae near the scutellum, and three on the third stria about the middle, sometimes however these are partially or wholly wanting and occasionally there are two smaller punctures on the second stria nearer the apex ; breast and thorax on the underside pitchy, ab- domen shining black, legs rufescent. Length 3 lines.

This insect appears to be variable in colour ; of the three examples now before me one is shining black with the tip of the palpi and of the mandibles, the basal joint of the antennae and the legs red, the breast and thorax on the underside being pitchy ; in another individual the thorax is red beneath and pitchy above ; while in a third it is wholly red and the palpi entirely and three joints at the base of the antennse ferruginous red, which varia- tions do not apparently result from different degrees of maturity

80 CARABID.E. — SYNUCHUS.

in these individual specimens. It is rather smaller than mollis, and has a very dissimilar form ; the head is both smaller and narrower, the antenna? more robust, especially from the fifth joint and upwards, in which respect it resembles microptents, these are likewise more pubescent, and never in paler nor in less mature individuals are they, as Mr. Haliday informs us, entirely red, though sometimes one and sometimes two or three joints at the base may be paler ; the thorax is more narrowed in front and less narrowed behind than in mollis, and the basal fovese narrower and more parallel to the sides ; the elytra are broader in front, with their sides more parallel and not as in mollis more rounded and dilated in the middle, so as to appear as in that insect distinctly narrowed before and behind, the striae likewise are deeper.

This very interesting addition to the British fauna was dis- covered by Mr. Haliday on the Irish mountains : " Slubh Donard, Downshire, 2700 feet above the sea ; on Lugnaquilla, 3000 feet, and other mountainous ranges in Wicklow, among the piled-up stones, early in the summer, but later in the season they were not to be found." A. H. H.

Genus 30. SYNUCHUS, Gyllenhal

Mentum dente medio bifido. Ligula apice rotundata ; paraglossis eampaulb super antibus. Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo cylin- dricOy truncato ; labiales articulo ultimo leviter securiformi. Mandibulse subarcuata, acutce. Labrum quadratum, trunca- tum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus leviter dilatatis, sub- tus biseriatim pectinato-setosis.

1. S. vivalis : nigro-piceustnitidus; thorace subrotundato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, striatis, punctis duobus vel tribus impressis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus vivalis, Panz. Faun. 37. — Dufls. Faun. 2. 140. Synuchus vivalis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 77. — Steph. Mand. 1. 97,

et Manual, p. 28.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 57. Agonum vivale, Sturm, D. F. 5. 215. Taphria vivalis, Dej. Spec. 3. 83; Icon. 2. 321. pi. 115.—

Erichson, Kafer, 101.

Pitchy black, very shining. Head smooth with a slight im- pression on each side between the antennae and a transverse stria in front; mouth, palpi and antennae testaceous red. Thorax very wide in front and dilated at the sides, the lateral margins and posterior angles much rounded, convex, with a fine dorsal stria and an impression on each side at the base. Elytra oblong-

CARABID^E. ANCHOMENUS. 81

ovate, rather wider than the thorax, convex, striated, the striae impunctate, except that there are two or three impressions on the second from the suture and an irregular series on the outer margin ; the margins of the thorax and of the elytra are some- times very narrowly edged with ferruginous; legs pale red. Length 3± lines.

Rather local, but somewhat widely distributed ; on banks of rivers in the midland counties ; in the Isle of Wight ; near Dorchester; Dorking; North Wales; Yorkshire, and other north- ern counties, and also in Scotland and Ireland. " On damp banks at Coombe; Darenth; Bottisham; Netley; in Norfolk, &c." Mr. Stephens.

Genus 31. ANCHOMENUS, Auctorum.

Mentum dente medio integro. Ligula apice truncata ; paraglossis ei aqualibus. Palpi articulo ultimo cylindrico. Mandibulre subarcuatcp, acute. Labrum quadratum, apice truncatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, \mgmcn\i simplices.

This genus comprehends Platynus, Anchomenus and Agonum, which had been established by Bonelli on the ground of certain differences in the external structure of the thorax and elytra, the posterior angles of the former being obtuse in those species assigned by him to Agonum, but acute and prominent in those arranged under Platynus and Anchomenus ; and the two latter genera were furthermore represented as being distinguishable from each other by a supposed variation in the form of the elytron. It appeared, however, upon examination of a series of species, that these characters were altogether artificial, some species in one genus bearing a greater affinity to those of another genus with which by such an arrangement they were so far dis- connected, than to those with which they were placed in imme- diate juxtaposition; and not only so, but these characters pre- vailed equally if not more so in other genera with which they were not grouped at all ; consequently these subdivisions have now been altogether abandoned (or treated by some authors as subgenera], and the genus Anchomenus has been generally adopted to comprise the whole, that name demanding the preference, be- cause Platynus, though employed for the same purpose by Brulle, had previously been appropriated in another order (Diptera] .

(PLATYNUS, Bonelli.)

1 . A. junceus : niger, nitidus ; tliorace cordato, late marginatu, angulis posticis acutiusculis ; elytris ovatis> striatis punctis- que tribus impressis; ore antennis pedibusque piceo-brunneis.

82 CARABID^E. ANCHOMENUS.

Carabus junceus, Scop. Ent. Cam. 89 (1761).

C. angusticollis, Fab. S. El. 1. 182.

Harpalus angusticollis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 81.

Anchomenus angusticollis, Sturm, D. F. 5. 168. — Dej. Spec. 3.

104; Icon. 2. 343. pi. 116. — Erichson, Kafer, 108. — Heer,

Faun. Helv. 57. Platynus angusticollis, Steph. Mand. 1. 83, et Manual, p. 25.

Shining black. Head oblong, very smooth with an impression on each side, mouth, palpi and base of the antennae pitchy, the apical joints of the latter fuscous. Tliorcue widest in front a little below the anterior angles and much rounded in that part, then obliquely sloped and narrowed till just before the posterior angle, when it forms with the base a right angle with the apex a little acute and prominent, disk convex, the central line met in front by a deeper impression, the base with two deep foveae. Elytra broad, dilated behind the middle, the apex obliquely sinuated and produced, deeply and regularly striated, the stride very ob- soletely punctured, interstices elevated, the third with three distinct remote impressions ; legs brownish. Length 4J-5 lines.

The name given to this species by Scopoli is restored in right of priority.

Locally abundant under bark of trees, &c.

(ANCHOMENUS, Bonelli.)

2. A. livens : nigro-piceus ; thorace oblongo-cordato, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris oblongis, leviter striatis ; antennis pedibusque rufo-ferrugineis.

Harpalus livens, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 149.

Agonum livens, Steph. Mand. 1. 95, et Manual, p. 28.

Anchomenus livens, Erichson, Kafer, 108.

An. memnonius, Nicol. Col. Agr. Hal. 17. 1. — Sturm, D. F. 5.

170.— Dej. Spec. 3. 110; Icon. 2. 345. pi. 116. Agonum bipunctatum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 184.

Pitchy black, shining. Head very smooth, with a small fovea on each side at the base of the antennae and two indistinct red dots between the eyes ; palpi and antennae rusty red, with the base of the second, third and fourth joints of the latter dusky. Thorax oblong, heart-shaped, anterior margin rather straight, sides rounded in front, obliquely narrowed behind, posterior angles also rounded, base with two deep fovese, disk with nume- rous transverse wrinkles on each side the impressed dorsal furrow. Elytra rather oblong, shoulders rounded and slightly prominent, sides widest behind the middle, moderately striated, margins with

CARABID^E. ANCHOMENUS. 83

a series of deep impressions ; underside smooth and impunctate, legs red. Length 4 lines.

Very rare. " Bognor ; Hastings ; Brighton ; and on the Nor- folk coast." Mr. Stephens. In August and September 1849, I captured three specimens in Bridge Wood, near Tunbridge Wells. Mr. Janson obtained one last year in Highgate Wood, at sugar placed to attract Noctuce.

3. A. dorsalis : capite thoraceque viridibus, hoc angustato sub- cordato, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, striatis, ferrugineis, macula communi posticd viridi-cyaned ; antennarum basi pedibusque ferrugineis.

Carabus dorsalis, Miiller, Prod. Zool. Dan. 78 (17/6).

Buprestis bicolor, Fourc. Ent. Paris, 1. 44 (1785).

Carabus prasinus, Thumb. Nov. Spec. 4. 74. f. 87 (1785).— Fab.

Maut. 1. 204 (1787).— Payk. Mon. 57 (1790). Harpalus prasinus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 83. Anchomenus prasinus, Sturm, D. F. 5. 171. — Dej. Spec. 3. 1 1G ;

Icon. 2. 347. pi. 117.— Steph. Hand. 1. 82, et Manual, p. 25.

— Erichson, Kafer, 118.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 58. Carabus viridanus, Fab. Mant. 1. 204. — Payk. Mon. 57.

The head and thorax are green, the elytra testaceous with a large blue-black or greenish cyaneous patch on the disk common to both and extending from above the middle to the apex, leaving the margins broadly testaceous. Head large, convex, smooth, having an impression on each side at the base of the antennae, the latter are rusty red, with their base and the palpi paler. Thorax subcordate, narrow, widest below the anterior angles and rounded in that part, then contracted till just before the posterior angles, which are almost right angles and slightly elevated, the dorsal line abbreviated and met before and behind by a transverse impression, the base also has two oblong foveas. Elytra oblong- ovate, the humeral angles and sides rounded, the apex obliquely sinuated, punctate-striated, having three larger impressions on the third interstice and a series next the eighth stria ; legs pale red. Length 3 lines.

This species is described under the name C. dorsalis, in Miiller's ' Prodromus/ which consequently claims priority.

Commonly distributed.

4. A. pallipes : alatus, nigro-piceus ; thorace cordato postice coarctato punctatoque, angulis posticis acutiusculis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, striatis , margine plerumque rufescente ; an- tennis pedibusque pallidis.

Carabus pallipes, Fab. Mant. 1. 202(1 787).— Fab. S. El. 1 . 187.

G 2

84 CARABID^E. ANCHOMENUS.

Anchomenus pallipes, Dej. Spec. 3. 119; Icon. 2. 349. pi. 117.—

Heer, Faun. Helv. 58. Carabus albipes, Fab. S. El. 1. 187. Harpalus albipes, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 82. Anchomenus albipes, Sturm, D. F. 5. 175. — Steph. Mand. 1. 82,

et Manual, p. 25. — Erichson, Kafer, 118.

Winged, pitchy black or rusty red, witb the margins of the elytra sometimes paler ; antennae ferruginous, the base and palpi pale. Thorax cordate, delicately margined, much contracted behind, posterior angles minute and acute, disk faintly channeled and transversely wrinkled, base depressed and strongly punctured and with two oblong fovese. Elytra very broad, ovate, shoulders rounded, simply striated, with three impressions on the third interstice and a series near the outer margin ; legs pale. Length 3J lines.

Very common.

5. A. oblongus : apterus, rufo-piceus ; thorace elongato angus-

tato, postice punctato, angulis posticis acutiusculis ; elytris punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque pallidis.

Carabus oblongus, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 140 (1792).— Fab. S. El. 1.

185.

Harpalus oblongus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 99. Anchomenus oblongus, Sturm, D. F. 5. 1 73. — Dej. Spec. 3. 121 ;

Icon. 2. 351. pi. 117.— Steph. Mand. 1. 82, et Manual, p. 25.

—Erichson, Kafer, 118.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 59.

Wingless, pitchy or rusty red. Head elongate, smooth and shining with an impression on each side between the antennae which with the palpi are ferruginous red. Thorax elongate and narrowed, widest in front below the angles and rather rounded, contracted behind, posterior angles prominent, disk convex, sides and base not depressed, but much punctured, the dorsal furrow very indistinct and terminating in front in numerous small punctures. Elytra oblong-ovate, narrowest at the shoulders, sides sinuated before the middle, dilated behind and the apex rounded, very convex, deeply punctate-striated, pitchy castaneous; legs pale testaceous. Length 2f lines.

Rather local, but extremely abundant in marshy places.

(AGONUM, Bonelli.)

6. A. marginatus : viridis, nitidus ; thorace lateribus subrotun-

dato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, subtiliter striatis, punctis tribus impressis, margine tibiisque flavo-pallidis.

CARABINE. ANCHOMENUS. 85

Carabus marginatus, Linn. F. S. 804. — Fab. S. El. 1. 199.

Harpalus marginatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 154.

Agonum marginatum, Dej. Spec. 3. 133; Icon. 2. 355. pi. 118.

— Steph. Mand. 1. 85, et Manual, p. 25. Anchomenus marginatus, Erichson, Kafer, 109.

Rich satiny green, head and thorax with a coppery tinge, rarely dark purplish green, the lateral margins of the thorax narrowly, the entire margins of the elytra broadly edged with yellow. Head finely wrinkled, eyes prominent, antennae pitchy black, basal joint testaceous. Thorax short, sides regularly and equally rounded, posterior angles rounded, disk very much wrinkled, the dorsal furrow fine, terminating before in a deeper curved impression, base with two foveae close to the hinder angles. Elytra broad, shoulders rather elevated and rounded, sides somewhat parallel, apex produced, finely striated, interstices flat, the third with three deep punctures and a series on the margin, suture dull reddish copper ; legs pitchy black, tibiae pale yellow. Length 4- lines.

Plentiful in marshy places, banks of streams, &c.

7. A. sexpunctatus : capite thoraceque viridi-aneis, hoc trans- verso, angulis posticis rotundatis ; elytris rubro-cupreis, subtiliter punctato-striatis, interstitio tertio punctis sex impressis.

Carabus sexpunctatus, Linn. F. S. 807.— Fab. S. El. 1. 199. Harpalus sexpunctatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 156. Agonum sexpunctatum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 202. — Dej. Spec. 3. 140; Icon. 2. 360. pi. 118.— Steph. Mand. 1. 86, et Manual, p. 25. Anchomenus sexpunctatus, Erichson, Kafer, 1 10.

Head and thorax brilliant green, brassy, sides of the latter reddish copper ; palpi and antennae black. Thorax transverse, broad, sides rounded below the anterior angles, also rounded and narrowed behind, margins reflexed, and together with a broad punctate fovea near each hinder angle very rugose and punctured, the disk also transversely wrinkled, and faintly channeled down the centre. Elytra broad and short, rather widest behind the middle, otherwise the sides appear almost straight, apex slightly produced, rather more convex than mar- ginatus, very finely striated, the striae faintly punctured, inter- stices slightly rugose, the third with six deep impressions, more rarely with five, seven or eight, and a series on the external margin most frequent at the base and near the apex, the entire surface is brilliant coppery red, very shining, with the scutellum and entire margin green ; underside dark green, legs brassy

86 CARABINE. ANCHOMENUS.

black, femora, and occasionally the tibise greenish black. Length 31 lines.

This brilliant species varies occasionally in colour, being sometimes golden green, purplish or violet, rarely obscure black. It is somewhat local, but occasionally abundant. Rather plen- tiful in a damp wood near Newark, Notts; Gamlingay and Paxton Woods ; Coombe Wood ; Epping Forest ; Hertford, &c. I have also taken it on the coast, near Ramsgate.

8. A. modestus : capite thoraceque cupreo-aneis, elytris sub- parallelis, viridibus, suturd cupreo-aned, tenue punctato- striatis, punctis 6 impressis ; antennis pedibusque nigris.

Agonum modestum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 205. — Dej. Spec. 3. 138 ;

Icon. 2. 359. pi. 118.

Anchomenus modestus, Erichson, Kafer, 109. Carabus Austriacus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 135. Agonum Austriacum, Curtis, Ent. pi. 183. — Steph. Mand. 1. 87,

et Manual, p. 26.

Head and thorax coppery with a greenish tinge, the former oblong and narrowish; palpi and antennae black. Thorax quadrate, short ; sides regularly and equally rounded from the anterior angles to the base, lateral margins reflexed and rather elevated at the hinder angles and somewhat rugose, the angles scarcely rounded, disk very much wrinkled transversely, with an impressed dorsal line, and two broad, deep, subpunctate fovese at the base. Elytra wide, sides almost parallel, apex obliquely sinuated, green, with the suture obscure coppery as far as the first stria, finely striated, some of the striae at the base minutely punctured, interstices flat, the third with six punctures, and the outer margin with a series of deeper impressions most numerous at the base ; body beneath greenish black, sides of the head green and transversely strigose ; legs black. Length 4 lines.

This insect is distinct from C. Austriacus, Fab., though it is identical with Carabus Austriacus, Dufts., and Agonum Austri- acum of Dejean's Catalogue. It is much more slender, the thorax is smaller, narrower and shorter, not much contracted behind as in that species, nor the sides so widely margined, and the hinder angles are less rounded and less obtuse, in which respects it accords more with the form of marginatus, while Austriacus corresponds with 6-punctatus in the structure of the thorax; the elytra also are narrower and more parallel, not oblong-ovate as in Austriacus, and instead of a wide coppery common streak at the base, have the suture alone as far as the first stria dull coppery or purplish copper.

CARABIDJE. — ANCHOMENUS. 87

Extremely rare in Britain, the only localities recorded being " Kingsbridge, Devon ; Clengre, Gloucestershire ; and in Corn- wall," in the spring. — Mr. Stephens.

9. A. fulgens : igneo-cupreus ; thorace lateribus rotundato ; ely-

tris oblongo-ovatis, striatis, striis subtiliter punctatis, punctisque majoribus 4, 5 aut 6 impressis.

Agonum fulgens., Davis, London's Mag. Nat. Hist. 5. 247. — Steph. Mand. 5. 374, et Manual, p. 26.

Brilliant fiery copper tinged with purple and green, margins of the thorax and of the elytra golden green, the suture also occasionally greenish. Head smooth behind, transversely strigose in front, with a small fovea on each side at the base of the antennae; mouth, palpi and three joints at the base of the antennae black with greenish reflections, apical joints fuscous. Thorax subquadrate, sides moderately rounded and narrowed behind, margins broadly reflexed and with two large fovese at the base very rugose, the rest of the disk transversely strigose and the dorsal furrow distinctly marked. Elytra oblong-ovate, slightly widest behind the middle, apex obliquely sinuated, very finely punctate-striated, with five distinct impressions between the second and third striae, and in some examples another nearly at the termination of the seventh, and an irregular series on the margin deepest at the apex ; body beneath dark shining green with a brassy tinge, femora and tibiae shining black with a coppery reflection, tarsi wholly black. Length 3 lines.

Dr. Schaum in his remarks on the Stephensian species (Ent. Zeitung), observes that this insect tc is identical with A. Ericeti" I have compared it with typical examples of the latter insect which Mr. Wollaston brought from Dr. Heer of Zurich, and find that it is perfectly distinct. A. Ericeti is a variety of A. sex-punctatus, and is so recorded in Heer's Fauna Helvetica, p. 61 ; but it is impossible, after the most careful examination, to connect the present species with that insect.

It is found upon the high moors at Hebden Bridge, Luddenden Foot, &c., near Halifax, and on other moors near York, early in the spring. " Rare near Paisley," Mr. M. Young.

1 0. A. laevis : capite thoraceque viridi-ceneis, hoc transverso,

angulis posticis rotundatis ; elytris fusco-aneis, subtiliter striatis, interstitio tertio punctis tribus impressis ; antennis basi tibiisque testaceis.

Carabus l<evis, Miiller, Prod. Zool. Dan. 78 (1776).

88 CARABIDjE. ANCHOMENUS.

C. parumpunctatus, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 157 (1792).— Fab. S. El.

1. 199.

Harpalus parumpunctatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 157.

Agonum parumpunctatum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 210. — Dej. Spec. 3.

143 ; Icon. 2. 363. pi. 119. — Steph. Manual, p. 26. Anchomenus parumpunctatus, Erichson, Kiifer, 111. — Heer,

Faun. Helv. 61. Agonum plicicolle, Nicol. Col. Agr. Hal. 19. 6. — Steph. Mand.

1.87.

Head and thorax greenish brass, antennae fuscous black, with the basal joint red. Thorax in form like that of 6-punctatus, being widest in front with the sides rounded, a little narrowed behind, finely margined and the edges reflexed, especially at the posterior angles which are likewise rounded, disk transversely wrinkled and furnished with a fine dorsal furrow, the base with two fovese. Elytra brownish brass, the shoulders rather pro- minent and rounded, the sides widest behind the middle, and the apex obliquely sinuated, finely striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, and with three or four deeper impressions on the third interstice and a series on the external margin ; body beneath black, thighs greenish black with their base pitchy red, tibiae and tarsi testaceous. Length 3^-4 lines.

The name given to this species by Miiller ought to receive the preference. The insect is variable in colour, presenting different shades of green, coppery or brassy, or blue-black, and is very common.

11 . A. victims : obscure viridi-aeneus; thoracelato transverso, an- gulis posticis rotundatis ; elytris ovatis, punctato-striatis, inter stitiis convexiusculis tertio tripunctato.

Carabus viduus, Panz. Faun. 37.

Harpalus viduus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 153.

Agonum viduum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 185. — Dej. Spec. 3. 149 ; Icon.

2. 368. pi. 119.— Steph. Mand. 1. 88, et Manual, p. 26. Anchomenus viduus, Erichson, Kafer, 114. — Heer, Faun. Helv.

62.

Larger than Itevis, but resembling it in form. Head black, smooth and shining, with an oblong impression on each side between the antennae, which with the palpi are black. Thorax greenish black or olivaceous or entirely black, the breadth in the middle greater than the length, sides rounded and deeply margined and the margins broadly reflexed, especially at the hinder angles, which are rounded, disk transversely strigose, the dorsal furrow met in front by a curved impression, the basal angles each with a large fovea. Elytra greenish brass, ovate,

CARABID^E. ANCHOMENUS. 89

much broader than the thorax, shoulders rounded and sometimes elevated, sides widest behind the middle, apex obliquely sinuated, moderately convex, deeply striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, interstices convex, the third from the suture with three punctures and the margin with a series of deeper impressions ; body beneath and legs black. Length 4 lines.

This insect is not uncommon in marshy places, in damp woods under moss and chips of bark, and is widely distributed ; in pro- fusion in Eridge Woods in autumn.

12. A. mcestus : niger, subnitidus ; thorace lateribus rotundato ;

elytris ovatis, striatis, striis subtilissime punctulatis, inter- stitiis convexiusculis tertio tripunctato.

Carabus mcestus ?, Dufts. Faun. 2. 138. Agonum mcestum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 187. — Steph. Mand. 1. 89. Carabus afer J, Dufts. Faun. 2. 138.

Agonum afrum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 188.— Steph. Mand. 1. 89. Ag. versutum et Iceve, Steph. Mand. 1. 88, et Manual, p. 26. Harpalus emaryinatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 450. Agonum emarginatum, Dej. Spec. 3. 154 ; Icon. 2. 372. pi. 120. —Steph. Mand. 1. 89, et Manual, p. 26.

This species is rather smaller than viduus, which it very much resembles in form, but the thorax is narrower, which gives it a somewhat longer appearance ; the elytra are black without any tinge of green. Thorax with the sides rounded but less dilated than in viduus, rather narrowed behind, widely margined, base with two broad impunctate foveae. Elytra ovate, widest behind the middle, apex very slightly sinuated, striated, the striae very finely punctulated, the third interstice with two impressions be- fore the middle and another close to the second stria nearer the extremity ; underside and legs black. Length 4 lines.

Harpalus emarginatus, Gyll., is a not unfrequent variety with the humeral angles of the elytra elevated. Agonum afrum, lave, versutum and Bogemanni of the Stephensian cabinet must be referred to this species, which is very abundant in marshy places and damp woods throughout the kingdom.

13. A. atratus : niger, nitidus ; thorace angustiore, lateribus

subrotundato ; elytris striatis, striis obsolete punctatis ; an~ tennis pedibusque piceis.

Carabus atratus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 138. Agonum atratum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 189. Ag. nigrum, Dej. Spec. 3. 157; Icon. 2. 376. pi. 121. The form of this species is intermediate between those of

90 CARABID^E. ANCHOMENUS.

mcpstus and fuliginosus ; it is deep shining black. Head smooth, mouth reddish, palpi and base of the antennae pitchy, apex of the latter fuscous black. Thorax narrower than in mcestus and the sides less rounded, margins less reflexed, posterior angles likewise less evidently rounded, but more obliquely sloped to the base and the basal foveae smaller. Elytra oblong-ovate, rounded at the sides but very slightly widest behind the middle, apex ob- liquely sinuated, striated, striae very faintly punctured, interstices flat, the third with three minute punctures ; legs pitchy black. Length 3J lines.

Found in Hants; Cornwall and other western counties of England ; abundant near Bristol.

14. A. fuliginosus : piceo-niger, nitidus ; thorace lateribus ro- tundato, postice angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis ; elytris ovatis, striatis, striis obsoletissime punctatis, inter- stitio tertio punctis quinque impresses ; pedibus rufo-piceis.

Carabus fuliginosus, Panz. Faun. 108.

Agonum fuliginosum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 192. — Dej. Spec. 3. 163; Icon. 2. 380. pi. 122.— Steph. Mand. 1. 93, et Manual, p. 27. Anchomenus fuliginosus, Erichson, Kafer, 117. Agonum 4-punctatum, Steph. Mand. 1. 90, et Manual, p. 26. Ag.piceum, Steph. Mand. 1. 91.

Ag. Simpsoni, striatum et pullum, Steph. Mand. 1. 92. Ag.fuscipenne, Steph. Mand. 1. 93, et Manual, p. 27. Ag. gracile, Steph. Mand. 1. 94. Ag. pusillum, Steph. Mand. 1. 95, et Manual, p. 28.

Head black, with an oblong fovea on each side at the base of the antennae, which together with the palpi are pitchy black, man- dibles usually pitchy red. Thorax (PI. II. f. 1) with the sides regularly rounded and gradually narrowed towards the base, which is about two-thirds the width of the anterior part, posterior angles likewise somewhat rounded, disk convex, smooth and shining on each side the dorsal line, which terminates before and behind in a distinct impression, base with two oblong smooth foveae. Elytra ovate, rather narrowed in front and rounded at the angles, sides then widening till behind the middle, but lessening at the apex, striated, striae obsoletely punctured, with occasionally but not always four or five more distinct impressions between the second and third striae ; the colour varies from pitchy black to pitchy testaceous; the legs are always more or less pitchy brown. Length 3 lines.

The insects recorded by Stephens under the names Simpsoni, pullum, striatum, pusillum and fuscipenne, belong to this species. The supposed examples of Agonum gracilc, piceum and 4>-puncta-

CARABID.E. ANCHOMENUS. 91

turn, contained in the Stephensian collection, must likewise re- ceive the same reference. This insect is very common in marshy places, on river banks, &c.

15. A. gracilis : niger, nitidus ; thorace subquadrato, angulis

posticis rotundatis ; elytris oblong o-ovatis, subtiliter striatis, punctis quinque impressis ; antennis pedibusque totis nigris.

Agonum gracile, Sturm, D. F. 5. 197. — Dej. Spec. 3. 162 ; Icon.

3. 379. pi. 121.

Harpalus gracilis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 449. Anchomenus gracilis, Erichson, Kafer, 116. Agonum atratum, Steph. Maud. 1. 91, et Manual, p. 27.

This species is much more delicately formed than the preceding and differs in several particulars. The thorax is more quadrate, not so wide in front, nor so much narrowed at the base, but the hinder angles are more broadly rounded; the elytra are less ovate, the shoulders not so much narrowed but broader and more prominent, the sides less rounded in the middle, but straighter and the apex broader, they are also much more delicately striated ; and the entire surface of the insect, including the antennae, palpi and legs, is uniformly black. Length 3 lines.

The only locality in which I have found the insect is Bridge Wood, near Tunbridge Wells. "Dalmeney Park and near Paisley," Murray's Catalogue.

16. A. scitulus : niger, nitidus ; thorace obcordato,posticeangus-

tato; elytris oblongo-ovatis, subvirescentibus, subtiliter striatis, punctis quinque impressis ; pedibus nigro-piceis.

Agonum scitulum, Dej. Spec. 3. 162 ; Icon. 2. 378. pi. 121. Ag. consimile, Steph. Mand. 1. 90, et Manual, p. 27.

Shining black, with a faint greenish tinge on the elytra. Head narrow, convex, with an oblong fovea on each side in front ; tip of the mandibles pitchy, palpi and antennae pitchy black. Thorax obcordate, sides rounded and widest rather before the middle, obliquely narrowed behind, posterior angles subrotundate, disk convex, dorsal furrow deeply impressed, base with a large oblong smooth fovea close to each hinder angle. Elytra oblong-ovate, slightly widening behind the middle, convex, finely striated, the third stria with from three to five faint punctures ; legs pitchy black, femora slightly metallic. Length 3 lines.

This insect is smaller and narrower than micans, and like the preceding species in colour except that it has a greenish tinge on the elytra. The head is narrower than in micans, the frontal

92 CARABID^E. ANCHOMENUS.

impressions smaller; the thorax more obliquely sloped and narrowed behind, disk smoother, but the dorsal furrow deeper ; the elytra also are much narrower.

There are two examples under the name consimile in the Stephensian collection.

1 7. A. micans : subtsneo-virescens ; thorace subquadrato, postice

subrotundato ; elytris oblong o-ovatis, subtiliter striatis, punctis tribus impressis ; pedibus fusco-piceis.

Agonum micans, Nicolai, Col. Agr. Hal. 19. 7. — Steph. Mand.

1. 91, et Manual, p. 27. Anchomenus micans, Erichson, Kafer, 115. Carabus pelidnus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 144. Agonum pelidnum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 194. — Dej. Spec. 3. 161 ;

Icon. 2. 377. pi. 121. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 63. Ag. cursitor, Steph. Mand. 1. 91, et Manual, p. 27.

Oblong-ovate, obscure brassy green. Head smooth and shining, with a slight impression on each side in front ; mandibles pitchy red, palpi and antennae black, sometimes the base of the latter pitchy fuscous. Thorax subquadrate, delicately margined, sides rounded, rather narrowed behind and the posterior angles also somewhat rounded, each having a deep oblong impression. Elytra with the shoulders rounded and the sides nearly straight or very moderately dilated behind the middle, finely striated, having about three small punctures between the second and third striae, also a series of larger impressions irregularly disposed along the margin ; legs pitchy, tibiae and tarsi pitchy fuscous. Length 3 lines.

Agonum cursitor, Kirby, corresponds with this species, which is rather a widely-distributed insect in marshes, damp woods and on river banks. " Dunston and on the banks of the Team, under the bark of willows, and in the decayed stems of thistles in moist ditches." Messrs. Hardy and Bold.

18. A. piceus : capite thoraceque nigris, hoc subquadrato, an-

gulis posticis rotundatis ; elytris oblongis leviter striatis punctis quinque impressis pedibusque piceo-testaceis.

Carabus piceus, Linn. S. N. 2. 672. C. picipes, Fab. S. El. 1. 203.— Dufts. Faun. 2. 243. Harpalus picipes, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 151. Agonum picipes, Sturm, D. F. 5. 196. — Dej. Spec. 3. 164 ; Icon. 2. 381. pi. 122.— Steph. Mand. 1. 93, et Manual, p. 27.

Head and thorax black ; mouth, palpi, and basal joint of the

CARABID^E. ANCHOMENUS. 93

antennae pitchy. Thorax subquadrate (PI. II. f. 2), small and narrowish, sides very slightly rounded and not much narrower behind than in front, posterior angles rounded, disk depressed, transversely wrinkled, dorsal line entire, base with two deep smooth fovese. Elytra wider than the thorax, much narrower than in the preceding species, oblong, shoulders rounded, the sides not dilated and rounded but almost parallel, moderately convex, very finely striated, with about five or six small punctures between the second and third striae and also an interrupted series of small foveae on the exterior margin ; legs pitchy testa- ceous. Length 3 lines.

In its general habit this insect bears some resemblance to the preceding, but the elytra are narrower and more parallel and uniformly pitchy brown or fuscous, without any tinge of green. It cannot be confounded with pale pitchy examples of fuliginosus, because its form is wholly dissimilar, the thorax being considerably narrower and more quadrate, and the elytra also narrower and more parallel.

This is the Carabus piceus of Linnaeus, and is so labelled in the Linnaean Collection. It is a somewhat local species, but abundant in damp woods, marshes, and on river banks in various parts of the kingdom.

19. A. pelidnus : nigro-piceus ; thorace oblongo, postice coarc- tato, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris elongato-ovatis, striatis, striis subtilissime crenulatis, punctis tribus vel quatuor impressis ; pedibus rufo-piceis.

Carabus pelidnus, Payk. Faun. 1. 134.

Harpalus pelidnus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 150.

Agonum affine, Steph. Mand. 1. 94, et Manual, p. 28.

Elongate, narrow, deep pitchy black; mouth, tip of the mandibles, base of the palpi and basal joint of the antennae rufous, the rest of the antennae and of the palpi pitchy. Thorax oblong, widest in front, sides moderately rounded, much con- tracted behind, the posterior angles very little evident, disk very convex, much wrinkled transversely on each side the dorsal furrow, base with a smooth impunctate oblong impression near each angle. Elytra elongate, about twice the width of the thorax, shoulders rounded and a little elevated, the sides rather parallel or very slightly rounded till behind the middle and narrowed to the extremity, disk very convex, strongly striated, the striae impunctate, but some of them appearing under a magnifying glass to be faintly crenulated, on the second stria near the apex there is a small impression and two others on the

94 CARABID^l. ANCHOMENUS.

third before the middle, the exterior margin being also furnished with the usual series of fovese; legs pitchy red. Length 3^ lines.

This species may immediately be distinguished from any of the preceding by its more elongate narrow form, in which respect it resembles Thoreyi, but independently of its dark colour it is rather larger, more convex, the elytra are more deeply striated, and the sides less parallel than in that insect. It is the true Carabus pelidnus of Paykull, and perfectly distinct from Ag. pe- lidnum, Steph., which corresponds with the next species. In the Stephensian cabinet it stands under the name Ag. affine, Steph.

It is apparently one of our rarest species, and I have met with but two indigenous examples ; the one in the Stephensian cabinet above mentioned, captured near London ; and the other in my own, for which I am indebted to Mr. F. Bates, of Leicester, who procured it from under a heap of "vegetable matter (principally Ranunculus aquaticus), raked out of Groby Pool, near Leicester, in June or July."

20. A. Thoreyi : capite thoraceque nigro-piceis, hoc oblongo- ovato, postice coarctato, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris rufescentibus, elongatis, subparallelis, subtiliter striatis, punctis tribus vel quatuor impressis ; antennis basi pedibusque rufescentibus.

Agonum Thoreyi, Dej. Spec. 3. 165 ; Icon. 2. 382. pi. 122. Ag. pelidnum, Steph. Mand. 1. 94, et Manual, p. 28.

Head black or pitchy black, smooth and convex ; mouth, palpi and basal joint of the antennse pitchy red, rest of the antennae obscure. Thorax pitchy black with the margins often narrowly rufous, sometimes the disk pitchy rufous with the margins paler, oblong-ovate, narrow, sides a little rounded, con- tracted behind, posterior margins rounded so that the hinder angles are very slightly evident, disk very convex, having numerous transverse wrinkles on each side the dorsal furrow and a very slight stria near each hinder angle. Elytra rufescent, with an obscure dash in the middle next the suture, elongate, narrow, about twice the width of the thorax, shoulders rounded, sides very nearly straight, disk very moderately convex, finely striated, the third stria with two punctures and the second with one or two placed as in the preceding species ; body beneath pitchy, with the thorax occasionally rufescent in less mature individuals ; legs red with the joints pitchy. Length 3 lines.

This insect nearly resembles pelidnus, but it has always rufes- cent elytra ; it is also smaller ; the elytra are less convex, more

CARABID.E. ANCHOMENUS. 95

finely striated and their sides more parallel. It was formerly abundant in the fens about Whittlesea Mere and in Cambridge- shire. It has been taken by the Rev. W. Little at Raehills, Dumfriesshire.

21. A. quadripunctatus : nigro-ceneus, thorace transverse, an- gulis posticis obtusis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, subtiliter striatis, interstitio tertio foveolis quatuor impressis; pedibus nigris. (PI. I. f. E.)

Carabus 4-punctatus, DeGeer, Ins.4. 102.— Dufts. Faun. 2. 146.

Harpalus \-punctatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 159.

Agonum 4-punctatum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 21 7. — Dej. Spec. 3. 176;

Icon. 2. 384. pi. 122.

Anchomenus 4-punctatus, Erichson, Kafer, 112. Agonum cupratum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 218.

This rare and remarkable species is smaller than any of the preceding. Head black, with a greenish tinge in the centre ; mouth, palpi and antennae black. Thorax greenish black or olivaceous, transverse, sides gradually rounded behind and with an elevated reflexed margin towards the posterior angles, disk convex, depressed towards the sides, base with two oblong fovese. Elytra oblong-ovate, broader than the base of the thorax, with the shoulders rounded, dilated behind the middle, finely striated, having four deep impressions between the second and third stria* (rarely five) somewhat irregularly disposed, greenish or blackish green, shining; body beneath and legs black. Length 2i lines.

The only British example I have seen was taken at Long Benton, by Mr. T. J. Bold, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, and it is recorded by him in his Catalogue of the Insects of Northumber- land and Durham (p. 229).

Genus 32. OLISTHOPUS, Dejean.

Mentum dente medio nutto. Ligula apice truncata, paraglossis longior. Palpi articulo ultimo fusiformi, apice acuminato. Mandibulse breves, rectiusculce. Labrum quadratum, apice truncatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, unguiculi simplices.

1. O. rotundatus : fusco-ceneus nitidus ; thorace semiorbiculato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, striatis, striis obsolete punctatis, inter stitiis lavissimis, punctisque tribus impressis ; pedibus flavescentibus.

96 CARABID.E. — OLISTHOPUS.

Carabus rotundatus, Payk. Mon. 41. — Payk. Faun. 1. 136. Harpalus rotundatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 158. Agonum rotundatum, Sturm, D. F. 5. 213. Olisthopus rotundatus, Dej. Spec. 3. 177 ; Icon. 2. 388. pi. 123. — Steph. Mand. 1. 96,.et Manual, p. 28.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 64. Carabus rotundicollis, Marsham, Ent. 471. Odontonyx rotundicollis, Steph. Mand. 1. 96, et Manual, p. 28.

Brassy brown, very shining. Head convex, smooth, foveated between the antennae, mouth, palpi and antennae pitchy brown, some of the joints of the latter at the base yellow. Thorax broad and short, semi-orbicular, acutely margined, disk convex, transversely wrinkled, the dorsal furrow slight, base with two foveae near the posterior angles, which together with the lateral margins are strongly punctured. Elytra oblong-ovate, rounded at the sides, rather narrowed at the apex, striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, interstices smooth and polished, having three deep impressions between the second and third striae and the usual series on the external margin ; legs pale yellow, with the underside of the body reddish pitchy. Length 3-31 lines.

The difference between this insect and O. rotundicollis is imaginary. It is a very common species.

Genus 33. PTEROSTICHUS, Bonelli.

Mentum dente medio emarginato. Ligula apice truncata ; para- glossis membranaceis, linearibus, ei aqualibus. Palpi articulo ultimo breviore, cylindrico, apice truncato, Mandibulae mediocres, basi interne crenulatte, acuta. Labrum quadra- tum, apice truncatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, singulis obcordatis, subtus biseriatim pectinato- setosis.

This genus is adopted to comprehend that group of insects to which Dejean assigned the name Feronia*, but which had been separated by Bonelli and others, under the names Ptecilus, Ptero- stichus, Omaseus, Argutor, Steropus, Platysma, Abax, &c., such di- visions having been based chiefly upon certain external characters, which upon examination have not proved so in variable as to warrant their establishment as distinct genera. Redtenbacher divides them into two genera, Pcecilus and Pterostichus, and among the latter

* The name Feronia cannot here be employed, because it had been proposed twenty years ago by Dr. Leach for a genus of Homalopterous Insects, and published with descriptive characters in the second volume of the Memoirs of the Wernerian Society. — J. F. Stephens.

CARABID^E. PTEROSTICHUS. 97

includes Argutor. Heer again maintains Argutor as a genus, on the ground of some slight variations in the mandibles and palpi, and assigns Poscilus, as well as Abax, Platysma and Omaseus, as subgenera to Pterostichus. Since, however, these distinctions appear to be unsatisfactory, seeing that the charac- ters of some insects assigned to one group blend into those of others which are given to a different group, so as to render it extremely difficult to determine to which they really ought to belong, I have merely inserted the names in brackets, for the convenience of those English entomologists who may possibly be less familiar with the more generally received arrangement.

(PCECILUS, Bonetti.)

1 . P. cupreus : alatus, oblongo-ovatus plerumque viridi-vel cu- preo-ceneus, nitidus ; thorace transverse, postice utrinque bistriato ; elytris striato-punctatis punctisque tribus postice impressis ; antennarum articulis duobtis basi rufis.

Carabus cupreus, Linn. F. S. 801.— Fab. S. El. 1. 195.

Harpalus cupreus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 114.

Platysma cuprea, Sturm, D. F. 5. 94.

Feronia cuprea, Dej. Spec. 3. 207; Icon. 3. 12. pi. 126.

Pcecilus cupreus , Steph. Mand. 1. 110, et Manual, p. 32.

Pterostichus cupreus, Erichson, Kafer,67. — Heer, Faun. Helv.68.

Var. b. Platysma versicolor, Sturm, D. F. 5. 99.

Pcecilus versicolor, Steph. Mand. 1. 110, et Manual, p. 32.

This species presents various shades of green, brassy green, brassy, coppery, purplish or black, very brilliant and shining. Head thickly and minutely punctured, having a fovea on each side, antenna3 black, with two joints at the base red. Thorax narrowed in front, transverse, sides moderately rounded, broadly margined, posterior angles not quite complete right angles, disk convex in front, depressed on the sides and at the base, the latter punctured, having also two longitudinal fovese on each side, the outer one shortest and close to the angle. Elytra ob- long-ovate, slightly narrowed in front, sides a little rounded, deeply striated, the striae finely punctured, the interstices convex, the third with three distinct impressed punctures behind ; under- side greenish black, thorax, breast and sides of the abdomen in front more or less punctured, legs black. Length 4^-6 lines.

P. versicolor is a rather smaller and narrower variety of this species, which is extremely common.

2. P. dimidiatus : alatus, oblongus; capite thoraceque subqua- drato postice utrinque bistriato cupreis ; elytris viridibus,

98 CARABIDvE. PTEROSTICHUS.

subparallelis, striato-punctatis ; antennarum articulis duo- bus basi subtus rufo-piceis.

Carabus dimidiatus, Oliv. Ent. 3. 35.— Fab. S. El. 1. 194. Platysma dimidiata, Sturm, D. F. 5. 90. Feronia dimidiata, Dej. Spec. 3. 213 ; Icon. 3. 16. pi. 126. Pcecilus dimidiatus, Steph. Mand. 1. 109, et Manual, p. 31. Pterostichus dimidiatus, Erichson, Kafer, 68. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 69.

Head and thorax more or less coppery, elytra rich green, sometimes black. Head with two deep striae in front and other- wise wrinkled, eyes large and rather prominent, palpi and antennae black, two joints at the base of the latter reddish beneath with a black line above. Thorax subquadrate, equally rounded at the sides, so that the width at the base about equals that of the anterior margin, posterior angles not quite rectangular, the disk all over transversely wrinkled, the dorsal furrow in front termi- nating in an elevated space, behind which there is a correspond- ing depression, the base rugose, having two longitudinal striae on each side, the exterior one shortest. Elytra rather broader than the thorax, rounded at the shoulders but the sides very slightly rounded or somewhat straight, broadly margined, strongly punc- tate-striated, the third stria with three more deeply impressed punctures ; beneath black, sides of the thorax and of the abdomen in front punctured, legs black. Length 6J lines.

It is a much larger insect than cupreus, and cannot be con- founded with it. Like it, it is winged, but the head and eyes are larger, the foveae at the base of the thorax longer, especially the inner one which extends upwards considerably ; the elytra are more oblong and their sides more parallel, the striae con- spicuously punctate, and the two joints at the base of the antennae are red beneath only.

It is local, but may be taken abundantly on Hampstead Heath and Wandsworth Common ; and at Folkstone in the spring. It is also found, as recorded by Mr. Stephens, at " Coombe Wood ; Southend and in Norfolk."

3. P. lepidus : apterus, oblongus, plerumque cupreo-vel viridi- aneus, nitidus ; thorace subquadrato, basi profunde bi- striato ; elytris oblongis, striatis, striis obsoletissime punctulatis, punctis tribus impressis ; antennis pedibusque totis nigris.

Carabus lepidus, Fab. Mant. 1. 200 (1787).— Fab. S. El. 1. 189.

— Payk. Mon. 32(1790). Harpalus lepidus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 94.

CARABID.E. — PTEROSTICHUS. 99

Platysma lepida, Sturm, D. F. 5. 92.

Feronia lepida, Dej. Spec. 3. 218 ; Icon. 3. 21. pi. 127.

Pcecilus lepidus, Steph. Mand. 1. 108, et Manual, p. 31. —

Curtis, Ent. pi. 187. Pterostichus lepidus, Erichson, Kafer, 67. — Heer, Faun. Helv.

70.

Wingless, narrower and more oblong than the preceding species, head and thorax brilliant shining greenish copper, purplish or greenish black, elytra also coppery or greenish brass, more rarely greenish or bluish black. Head convex behind, depressed in front of the antenna?, the frontal fovese smaller, and the eyes less prominent than in dimidiatus, mandi- bles, palpi and antennae wholly black. Thorax narrower, more quadrate, more finely margined, more contracted behind, more convex and smooth on the disk, the basal striae more deeply impressed, the base smoother and the posterior angles more rectangular. Elytra oblong, rather contracted in front, sides very slightly rounded, strongly margined, disk rather flattish, moderately and less coarsely striated than in dimidiatus, the stria? so obsoletely punctulated as to be sometimes scarcely per- ceptible, the third with three impressions, interstices flattish ; underside greenish black, sides of the breast and of the abdomen in front finely punctured, legs wholly black. Length 6 lines.

Rather a scarce species, but it has been taken sparingly in Norfolk, Devon and Hants; at Ely, Cambridge, Northampton, Hertford and Darenth Wood. It has on more than one occasion been found in some numbers at Charlton sand-pits in the spring, by breaking open the crevices in the rocks, in which they conceal themselves. " Tollcross, near Glasgow." Mr. Hislop.

(ABAX, Bonelli.)

4. P. striola : apterus, niger, depressus ; thorace subquadrato, basi utrinque profunde bistriato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris profunde striatis, interstitiis planiusculis, linea laterali subcarmata.

Carabus striola, Fab. S. El. 1. 188.

Harpalus striola, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 124.

Abax striola, Sturm, D. F. 4. 147. — Steph. Mand. 1. 125, et

Manual, p. 35.

Feronia striola, Dej. Spec. 3. 378 ; Icon. 3. 151. pi. 148. Pterostichus striola, Erichson, Kafer, 69. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 79.

Wingless, broad, depressed, shining black. Head with an oblong fovea on each side between the eyes, and some elevated lines between them and the fovea3 ; antennae with three joints

100 CARABIDvE. PTEROSTICHUS.

at the base black and glabrous, the remainder fuscous and pubescent. Thorax subquadrate, narrowed in front, but nearly straight from about the middle to the hinder angles, which are right angles, the lateral margins incrassated, disk very strigose, with a strong dorsal furrow and two elongate very deeply impressed striae on each side at the base. Elytra ovate, very broad, the breadth being slightly greater than that of the base of the thorax, humeral angles prominent, sides very slightly widest behind the middle, apex broadly rounded with the apical margin itself very slightly sinuated, deeply striated, having an elevated keel-shaped longitudinal ridge extending from the shoulders to about the middle of the seventh interstice, where it disappears, several of the interstices next the suture being elevated also at the extremity; legs incrassated, pitchy black, tibiae and tarsi with red cilia. Length 8-9 lines.

Very common.

(PTEROSTICHUS, Bonelli.}

5. P. niger: oblongus, niger, subnitidus ; thorace quadrato, pos-

tice utrinque leviter impresso bistriatoque, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris profunde striatis, punctis tribus impressis.

Carabus niger, 111. Kaler, 1. 182.— Fab. S. El. 1. 178. Harpalus niger, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 86. Feronia nigra, Dej. Spec. 3. 337; Icon. 3. 108. pi. 142. Platysma nigra, Steph. Mand. 1. 124, et Manual, p. 35. Pterostichus niger, Erichson, Kafer, 70. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 81.

Oblong, black, slightly shining. Head with the usual fovese between the antennae, the latter with three joints at the base black and glabrous, the remainder fuscous and pubescent. Thorax quadrate, finely margined and the margins reflexed, slightly narrowed behind, posterior angles right angles, disk much wrinkled, depressed, with a deep dorsal furrow, base with a double impressed stria on each side. Elytra oblong, narrowest in front, dilated behind the middle, deeply striated, the striae obsoletely punctate-crenate. S with an elevated oblong tubercle on the last segment of the abdomen. Length 8-10 lines.

Common.

6. P. pammpunctatus : apterus, niger, nitidus ; thorace qua-

drato, postice angiLstato, basi utrinque profunde striato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, profunde striatis, interstitio tertio punctis tribus impressis. Mas. abdominis segmento ultimo lineola acute elevata.

CARABTD^E. — PTEROSTICHUS. 101

Germar, Spec. Nov. 19. 31 (1824).— Steph. Manual, p. 35.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 72.

Feronia parumpunctata, Dej. Spec. 3. 342; Icon. 3. 112. pi. 142. Pterostichus brunnipes, Steph. Mand. 1. 121.

Wingless, shining black. Head with two transverse striae in front and a slight fovea on each side behind them, apex of the palpi and of the antennse ferruginous red. Thorax quadrate, anterior angles prominent, sides rounded and dilated in front, much narrowed behind, the margins reflexed, the hinder angles rectangular with their apex slightly obtuse, disk with a very deeply impressed dorsal furrow and a profound stria on each side at the base, exterior to which is a small ovate impression close to the angle. Elytra oblong-ovate, shoulders rounded, deeply striated, interstices rather coarsely elevated, with three impressions on the third ; $ with a longitudinal acutely-elevated ridge on the last segment of the abdomen. Length 7-8 lines.

" Local, but abundant at Newcastle, Benwell, Ouseburn Dene, Long Benton, Dunston, Ravensworth, Gateshead Fell, &c.," in spring and autumn. Hardy and Bold's Catalogue.

(PLATYSMA, Bonelli.)

7. P. oblongo-punctatus : alatus, obscure seneus ; thorace quadrato, postice angustato, basi utrinque unistriato, an- gulis posticis acutiusculis ; elytris ovatis, striatis, foveolis quinque impressis ; palpis, tibiis tarsisque rufo-piceis.

Carabus oblongo-punctatus, Fab. Mant. 1. 202 (1787) — Fab.

S. El. 1. 183.— Payk. Mon. 55 (1790). Harpalus oblongo-punctatus., Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 85. Platysma oblongo-punctata, Sturm, D. F. 5. 51. Feronia oblongo-punctata, Dej. Spec. 3. 316; Icon. 3. 99. pi. 140. Pterostichus oblongo-punctatus, Steph. Mand. 1. 122, et Manual,

p. 35.— Erichson, Kafer, 76.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 71.

Winged, obscure brassy black. Head smooth and shining, with a faintly impressed fovea on each side in front connected by a transverse stria, antennse black, palpi red. Thorax quadrate, the length being fully equal to the breadth in front, the anterior margin curved inwards in the middle considerably, so that the anterior angles are very prominent, sides rounded from the angles to behind the middle, then much contracted till just before the posterior angles, before which they become produced, so as to form, with the base, a little acute angle, the base itself being nearly straight, disk transversely wrinkled, dorsal furrow abbreviated in front and terminating in a curved stria, rather deeper behind just before it reaches the base, the latter much

102 CARABlD^l. PTEROSTICHUS.

depressed, punctured on each side, and with a large punctured fovea terminating in an oblong stria about midway between the dorsal furrow and the exterior margin. Elytra broad, short, widest behind the middle, apex considerably narrowed, moderately striated, having from three to five large impressions irregularly disposed on or near the third interstice ; beneath black, femora pitchy, tibiae and tarsi reddish. Length 5|-6 lines.

At first sight this species appears to resemble Orinomus, but its characters are wholly dissimilar. The thorax is much longer and therefore more quadrate, the base more truncate, the pos- terior angles less elevated and more acute, the base more depressed and the basal impression extends more considerably upwards ; the form and sculpture of the elytra also are equally dissimilar.

Local. Bagley Wood, Oxon ; Harleston Woods, near North- ampton, under chips of pine bark in abundance; Windsor; Devonshire, &c. Found also in Ireland.

(ADELOSIA, Stephens.}

8. P. picimanus : alatus, nigro-piceus, depressus ; thorace cor- dato,postice coarctato, utrinque unistriato ; elytris oblongis, subparallelis, punctato-striatis, punctis tribus impressis, antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus picimanus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 159.

Platysma picimana, Sturm, D. F. 5. 48.

Feronia picimana, Dej. Spec. 3. 310 ; Icon. 3. 87. pi. 138.

Pterostichus macer, Steph. Mand. 1. 123.

Adelosia picea, Steph. Manual, p. 35.

Winged, depressed, pitchy black or pitchy red, shining. Head large, with a slight fovea on each side between the antennae, three joints of the latter smooth, the upper ones fuscous and pubescent. Thorax cordate, much contracted behind, but the posterior angles rectangular, often rusty red, the dorsal furrow strongly impressed, the base with two oblong smooth striae. Elytra oblong, the shoulders rounded, the sides almost parallel, but a little waved before the middle, rounded and not narrowed at the apex, disk rather depressed, finely punctate-striated, the third stria with three deep impressions, one before the middle, another a little behind the middle and the third at the extremity ; underside and legs rusty red. Length 6 lines.

If piceus be Olivier' s name for this insect, the more generally received one (picimanus) ought to stand, because the former had

CARABIDJB. PTEROSTICHUS. 103

previously been employed by Linnseus to represent a different species of Carabus.

This is rather a local species. " Hackney Marshes, Battersea Fields, and near Southend ; " " Common on the banks of the Tees," are the localities given by Mr. Stephens. I have found it not very commonly in the Isle of Wight. " Near Dublin by J. Tardy." A. H. Haliday, Esq.

(STEROPUS, Megerle.)

9. P. madidus : apterus, niger, nitidus ; thorace subrotundato,

postice utrinque foveolato ; elytris ovatis, striatis, puncto postice impressis ; pedibus nigris vel rufis. Mas, abdominis segmento ultimo obtuse dentato.

Carabus madidus, Fab. Mant. 1. 199. — Fab. S. El. 1. 181. Platysma madida, Sturm, D. F. 2. 49. pi. 112. Feronia madida, Dej. Spec. 3. 294 ; Icon. 3. 79. pi. 136. Steropus madidus, Steph. Mand. 1. 117, et Manual, p. 33. S. arrogans, Steph. Mand. 5. 376, et Manual, p. 33.

Wingless, shining black, sometimes slightly brassy, palpi red, apex of the antenna? testaceous. Thorax quadrate, slightly rounded at the sides and narrowed a little behind, but again rounded at the posterior angles, disk convex, smooth, or slightly wrinkled, the dorsal line strongly impressed, the base with a broad rugged fovea close to each angle. Elytra ovate, convex, striated, the stria? obsoletely punctured, the third interstice with a deep puncture a little before the extremity ; underside black, legs sometimes black, sometimes entirely red ; last segment of the abdomen in the <? armed with an obtuse tooth. Length 7-8 lines.

Steropus arrogans, Steph., does not differ from this species. Carabus arrogans , Dufts. (Feronia Gagatina, Dej.) is a consider- ably larger insect, which is found in Spain, but neither in France nor Britain. This species is very common in England, Scotland and Ireland.

10. P. JEthiops : apterus, niger, nitidus ; thorace subrotundato,

basi utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis rotundatis ; elytris ovatis, striatis, punctis tribus impressis. Mas, abdominis segmento penultimo dentato.

Carabus JEthiops, Panz. Faun. 37- 22. — 111. Kafer, 1. 161. Pterostichus ^thiops, Sturm, D. F. 5 . 3 1 .— Heer, Faun. Helv. 84. Feronia ^Ethiops, Dej. Spec. 3. 298 ; Icon. 3. 84. pi. 137. Steropus dZthiops, Steph. Mand. 1. 117, et Manual, p. 33.

104 CARABID.E. — PTEROSTICHUS.

S. concinnus, Curtis, Ent. pi. 171.

S. cognatus, Steph. Mand. 5. 377, et Manual, p. 33.

Considerably smaller than madidus, wingless, deep shining black. Head with a transverse impression in front and two small fovese placed further back than in madiflus, tip of the palpi red. Thorax rotundate at the sides, narrowed and very much rounded behind at the angles, dorsal furrow entire, base with two deep fovese. Elytra more ovate and shorter than in madidus, rather narrowed in front and rounded at the shoulders, sides also rounded and widest behind the middle and not narrowed at the apex, only very slightly sinuated, convex, deeply striated, the striae impunctate, the third interstice with three punctures and the margin with the usual series ; underside shining black, the penultimate segment of the abdomen of the <? armed with an obtuse tooth. Length 5J lines.

This insect is found in the mountainous districts of the North of England, Wales and Scotland. Abundant on the Snowdon range, in August 1847. S. cognatus, Steph., does not differ from it.

(OMASEUS, Ziegler.)

11. P. aterrimus : alatus, ater, nitidus ; thorace transverso, postice utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris oblongis, subparalleliSj Isevigatis, subtilissime punc- tato-striatis, profunde trifoveolatis.

Carabus aterrimus, Payk. Mon. 127 (1790). — Fab. S. El. 1.

198 (1801).

Harpalus aterrimus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 153. Platysma aterrima, Sturm, D. F. 5. 29. Feronia aterrima, Dej, Spec. 3. 290 ; Icon. 3. 75. pi. 135. Omaseus aterrimus, Curtis, Ent. pi. 15. — Steph. Maud. 1. 113,

et Manual, p. 32. Pterostichus aterrimus, Erichson, Kafer, 75.

Winged, black, smooth and shining. Head with a ridge in front on which are two small fovese, and behind it an oblong fovea on each side, apex of the antennse fuscous black and slightly pubescent. Thorax transverse or subquadrate, narrowed and rounded behind, the lateral margins broadly reflexed, espe- cially at the posterior angles, disk convex on each side the dorsal furrow, which is interrupted in front by a deep depression, and anterior to that there is a corresponding elevation, base depressed, having on each side a large punctured fovea close to the angles. Elytra oblong, broader than the thorax, not nar- rowed in front, only the humeral angles a little rounded, sides very nearly straight, apex rounded, disk convex, finely striated,

CARABID^E. PTEROSTICHUS. 105

the striae obsoletely punctate, the second with two large impres- sions, one about the middle, the other further behind, the third stria with one impression in advance of the former, sometimes these impressions are on the third interstice, all the interstices very smooth and glabrous, the striae in the ? are much fainter, sometimes almost obsolete, the margin has a continuous series of punctures ; the underside and legs black. Length 6£ lines. Very local : plentiful in the fens about Whittlesea Mere ; Bottisham and the Cambridgeshire marshes; Horning Fen, Norfolk, &c. Mr. Clear has taken it also in the neighbourhood of Cork.

12. P. Orinomus: alatus, obscure aeneo-niger, nitidus ; thorace subquadrato, postice subangustato, utrinque parce punctato foveolatOy angulis posticis acutiusculis ; elytris oblongo- ovatis, striatisy striis obsoletissime punctatis, foveis quinque disco impressis.

Omuseus Orinomum, Steph. Mand. 1. 114, et Manual, p. 32. O. Bulwerii, Steph. Mand. 1. 114, et Manual, p. 32.

Winged, deep shining black, more or less metallic in the <?, dull black in the $ . Head with a transverse band in front bearing fovese and two larger oblong foveae behind it, antennae brownish black and pubescent at the apex. Thorax subquadrate, but in some examples rather more nearly quadrate than in others, sides rounded below the anterior angles, narrowed behind, moderately margined, posterior angles rather acute, disk trans- versely wrinkled with an impressed dorsal furrow abbreviated in front and terminating in a depression, base with a deep punc- tured fovea on each side. Elytra oblong-ovate, rounded at the shoulders, thence slightly and gradually rounded and widening till behind the middle, obliquely sinuated and narrowed at the apex, finely striated, the striae sometimes obsoletely punctured, especially on the sides, interstices convex in the <?, flatter in the ? , with five or six deep impressions irregularly placed on or near the third from the suture. Length 5 lines.

The variety O. Bulwerii has a more brassy surface and is found in Ireland.

Locally distributed in the mountainous districts of the North of England, Wales and Scotland. Near Hebden Bridge, &c., Yorkshire ; on the high moors near Llangollen, and on the left of the Ruthin road in July and August. " Langley Common, and on the summit of Hedgehope in June." Messrs. Hardy and Bold.

106 CARABID^E. — PTEROSTICHUS.

13. P. melanarius : oblongus, niger ; thorace subquadrato, pos- tice subangustato, utrinque foveolato Ustriato, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris profunde striatis, interstitiis con- vexiusculis.

Carabus melanarius, 111. Kafer, 1. 163.

Harpalus melanarius, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 92.

Feronia melanaria, Dej. Spec. 3. 271 ; Icon. 3. 66. pi. 133.

Omaseus melanarius, Steph. Mand. 1. 115, et Manual, p. 33.

O. affinis, Steph. Mand. 1. 116.

O. sulcatus, Steph. Mand. 5. 376, et Manual, p. 33.

Carabus leucophthalmus, Fab. S. El. 1. 177.

Deep black, shining. Head with the usual impressed fovea on each side between the eyes very strongly marked. Thorax subquadrate, the breadth in front being greater than the length, the sides obliquely narrowed behind the middle, the posterior angles small and prominent, but the apex of the angle itself obtuse, disk much wrinkled, dorsal furrow entire and more deeply impressed at the base, the latter impunctate, but with two deep rough fovese terminating in a longitudinal stria and exterior to these with an elevated fold running into the angle. Elytra broader than the thorax, and furthermore dilated behind the middle, convex, deeply striated, the second stria from the suture with two deep impressions, one about the middle and the other two-thirds the distance between that and the apex. Length 6^-9 lines.

Although this insect is the C. vulgaris of the Linnsean Collec- tion as shown by the major part of the examples placed there under that name, it cannot be the species intended by Linnaeus to represent his C. vulgaris, because he expressly describes the latter as nigro-aneus. It must consequently continue to bear the name assigned to it by Illiger:

The insects recorded under the names O. affinis and sulcatus in the Stephensian cabinet evidently belong to the present species. The former is a very large example, and the latter a somewhat small mountain variety which is abundant in North Wales.

Common.

14. P. nigrita : oblongus, niger ; thorace subquadrato, postice subangustato, utrinque punctulato foveolato bistriatoque, angulis posticis obtusiusculis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis planiusculis. Mas, abdominis segmcnto ultimo tuberculato.

CARABID^E. PTEROSTICHUS. 107

Carabus nigrita, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 158.— Fab. S. El. 1. 200. Harpalus nigrita, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 88. Feronia nigrita, Dej. Spec. 3. 284 ; Icon. 3. 68. pi. 134. Omaseus nigrita, Steph. Hand. 1. 114, et Manual, p. 32. O. rufo-femoratus, Steph. Mand. 1. 115, et Manual, p. 33. Pterostichus nigrita, Erichson, Kafer, 71.

Winged, shining black. Head smooth, with an oblong wrinkled fovea on each side. Thorax subquadrate, sides rather rounded, narrowed behind, posterior angles obtuse, each with a deep bi- lobed punctured fovea. Elytra oblong, deeply striated, the strise occasionally very faintly punctured, having also three deeper impressions between the second and third strise; abdomen of the $ with a small tubercle on the last segment. Length 4|-5 lines.

O. rufofemoratus, Steph., is a variety of this very common species.

15. P. anthracinus : oblongus, niger ; thorace subquadrato, basi

utrinque punctulato foveolato bistriatoque, angulis posticis acutiusculis ; elytris oblongis, subparallelis, striatis, inter- stitiis planis, summo apice ad suturam denticulo pro- minulo armatis. Mas, abdominis segmento ultimo profunde foveolato.

Carabus anthracinus, 111. Kafer, 1. 181.

Harpalus anthracinus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 425.

Feronia anthracina, Dej. Spec. 3. 286 ; Icon. 3. 69. pi. 134.

Omaseus anthracinus, Steph. Manual, p. 33.

More oblong than nigrita. Thorax longer, the sides straighter and the base more truncate, the posterior angles more acute, the basal fovese larger and more densely punctured. Elytra more elongate, less narrowed in front, sides more parallel, armed at the extreme tip next the suture with a minute denticulation, a character which distinguishes it in both sexes from nigrita ; and the c? has furthermore a large fovea on the last segment of the abdomen beneath. Length 5 lines.

Not uncommon in marshes ; abundant at Whittlesea Mere and at Herringstone, Dorset; also within the London district, at Hammersmith, Battersea fields, &c. It is found likewise in the north of England and in Ireland.

16. P. gracilis : oblongus, niger ; thorace subquadrato, postice

utrinque punctato foveolato ; elytris oblongis, striatis, striis obsolete punctatis ; antennis pedibusque piceis. Abdominis segmento ultimo in utroque sexu Isevigato.

108 CARABID^E. PTEROSTICHUS.

Feronia gracilis, Dej. Spec. 3. 287 ; Icon. 3. 71. pi. 135.

Pterostichus gracilis, Erichson, Kafer, 72. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 83.

Omaseus tetricus, Haliday, Curtis, 2nd ed. f. 15. — Steph. Ma- nual, p. 33.

O. rotundicollis, Steph. Mand. 5. 376, et Manual, p. 33.

Shining black, apex of the antennae and of the palpi testaceous, and the base of some of the joints pitchy red. Thorax sub- quadrate, a little narrowed behind, the sides acutely margined, the hinder angles right angles and a little prominent, the base with a very large rugose fovea on each side terminating as usual in two striae. Elytra rather parallel, striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, with three deeper impressions on the third interstice, two of them near the second stria and one near the third ; abdo- men beneath smooth in both sexes, the rudiments only of a raised line being discernible under a magnifying glass on the last segment, each segment having two punctures placed equi- distant from each other so as to form two parallel lines of punctures; legs pitchy red, middle of the femora darkest. Length 4 lines.

The species is not common ; Mr. Haliday captured it near Belfast. I have taken it in the marshes near Whittlesea Mere and at Herringstone near Dorchester in May and June, and in Ham- mersmith marshes, not unfrequently among refuse or under stones. The examples in the Stephensian cabinet which stand under the name rotundicollis belong to this species, and are stated to have been captured near London.

17. P. minor : alatus, niger ; t Horace subquadrato, postice utrin- que punctulato bistriatoque ; elytris oblongis, striatis, striis subtiliter punctatis ; antennis pedibusque rufo-piceis. Mas, abdominis segmento ultimo lineola elevata ornato.

Harpalus minor, Sahl. Ins. Fenn. 221. — Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 426. Feronia minor, Dej. Spec. 3. 287; Icon. 3. 71. pi. 135. Pterostichus minor, Erichson, Kafer, 72. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 83. Harpalus anthracinus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 89. Argutor anthracinus, Steph. Mand. I. 105, et Manual, p. 31. Omaseus laevigatus, Steph. Mand. 1. 115, et Manual, p. 32.

Winged, black or pitchy black, mouth, palpi and antennae pitchy red, base of the latter dusky ferruginous. Thorax sub- quadrate, sometimes entirely quadrate, rather narrowed behind, posterior angles right angles, the dorsal furrow more deeply im- pressed before and behind, the base with two foveae much punc- tulated, the space between them being in some examples smooth, in others very much punctured, and the size of the foveae varies

. PTEROSTICHUS. 109

in different individuals, in some assuming the form of an oblong impression, in others expanding considerably. Elytra oblong, narrow, sides rather parallel, striated, the striae faintly punctured, having three larger impressions on the third interstice and the usual series on the margin ; body beneath smooth with the sides of the breast alone punctured, tip of the abdomen testaceous red, and furnished with a slightly elevated longitudinal line in the $ ; legs pitchy red. Length 3^ lines.

Argutor anthracinus and Omaseus l&vigatus, Steph., both be- long to this species. It is found in marshy places, but is rather local. I have taken it plentifully in the Bridge Woods near Tunbridge Wells and in the Huntingdonshire and Cambridge- shire fens ; it is abundant on the edges of Whittlesea Mere both in spring and autumn. Mr. Haliday captured it also in Ireland.

(ARGUTOR, Megerle.)

18. P. vernalis : alatus, niger, nitidus ; thorace subquadrato, postice utrinque punctato unistriatoque, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris oblongis, subparallelis, fortiter striatis, striis obsolete punctatis ; antennis pedibusque piceis.

Harpalus vernalis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 90.

Feronia vernalis, Dej. Spec. 3. 240 ; Icon. 3. 32. pi. 129.

Argutor vernalis, Steph. Mand. 1. 103, et Manual, p. 30.

Platysma crenata, Sturm, D. F. 5. 73.

Argutor rufomarginatus, Curtis, Ent. pi. 666.

A. inquinatus, Steph. Mand. 1. 103, et Manual, p. 30.

Winged, black and shining. Head smooth, with two transverse striae in front, palpi and antennae pitchy black, base of the latter pitchy red. Thorax subquadrate, sides very moderately and equally rounded, so that the width before and behind is nearly the same, posterior angles minute at the tip and not quite right angles, disk convex, dorsal furrow very slight, base impunctate in the middle, but strongly punctured on both sides, having also an oblong impression or stria in the midst of a wide shallow fovea in which the punctures are contained close to the hinder angles. Elytra wide, oblong, sides almost parallel, apex rounded, deeply striated, the striae finely punctured, the third interstice with three more distinct impressions, the base without the short stria next the scutellum ; sides of the breast strongly punctured, legs pitchy black. Length 3 lines.

A. inquinatus, Steph., is identical with this insect, of which also A. rufomarginatus, Curtis, is an immature example. It is a very abundant species in marshy places, on the banks of rivers, &c., throughout the kingdom.

110 CARABID^E. PTEROSTICHUS.

19. P. inaequalis : nigro-piceus, nitidus ; thorace oblongo sub- quadrato, postice punctulato utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris oblongis, striatis, striis subtiliter crenulatis ; antennis pedibusque rufescentibus.

Carabus incequalis, Marsham, Ent. 456.

Argutor incequalis, Steph. Mand. 1. 103, et Manual, p. 30.

Carabus -Scalesii, Marsham, Steph. Mand. 1. 103, et Manual,

p. 30.

C. longicollis, Dufts. Faun. 2. 180. Argutor longicollis, Steph. Mand. 1. 104, et Manual, p. 30. —

Curtis, Ent. pi. 666. Feronia negligens, Dej. Spec. 3. 249 ; Icon. 3. 35. pi. 129.

Smaller and less convex than the preceding, pitchy black, sometimes pitchy ferruginous, shining. Head very small and narrow, palpi and antennae red. Thorax oblong, broad in front and much rounded below the anterior angles and dilated in the middle, from thence narrowed towards the base, just before which it becomes straight and with the posterior margin forms a right angle, disk very smooth and glossy on each side the dorsal furrow, which is entire and is met in front by a slight curved transverse stria, the entire base together with two oblong impressions mid- way between the dorsal furrow and the hinder angle closely pimctured. Elytra oblong, sides nearly straight, not at all dilated behind the middle, the entire surface equally and regularly striated, the stria? finely crenulated, sometimes with one or more punctures on the third interstice, the base without the short stria next the scutellum; the whole underside thickly punctured, legs red. Length 2J lines.

Abundant on the coast at Cowes, Ryde and Sandown, Isle of Wight ; Herne Bay ; Gravesend ; " Southend and among rejecta- menta of the Irwell and Stirling." Also common in damp woods near Tunbridge Wells and Newark.

20. P. erythropus : nigro-piceus, nitidus ; thorace subcordato, postice punctato, utrinque striato, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibus- que rufo-piceis.

Carabus erythropus, Marsham, Ent. 461.

Argutor erythropus, Steph. Mand. 1. 105, et Manual, p. 31.

Harpalus pygmceus, Sturm, D. F. 4. 114.

H. strenuus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 428.

Feronia strenua, Dej. Spec. 3. 252 ; Icon. 3. 39. pi. 130.

Argutor interstinctus, Steph. Mand. 1. 104, et Manual, p. 30.

Pitchy black, shining, palpi and antennae red, sometimes pitchy.

CARABINE. — PTEROSTICHUS. Ill

Thorax subcordate, sides very much rounded and dilated in front, contracted behind, posterior angles acute, the entire base distinctly punctured and with an oblong punctured impression or narrow fovea on each side. Elytra oblong-ovate, much wider than the thorax, shoulders regularly rounded, sides very gradually widen- ing and rounded about the middle, then insensibly narrowed again and the apex rounded, the disk convex, strongly striated, the striae most distinctly punctured, the outer striae less deeply punctured and less profoundly impressed than the others; the underside of the thorax punctured on the sides, legs red, sometimes pitchy. Length 3 lines.

The principal characters which distinguish this insect from strenuuSj which it so nearly resembles as to be constantly con- founded with it, consist in the distinct punctuation at the base of the thorax and its more rotundate form in front, the wider and more oval form of the elytra and its more deeply punctured striae.

This species is rather scarce. Stephens remarks that it is " common in the London districts, in Scotland, &c.," but that observation must be considered applicable rather to the next species, which he appears to have confounded with it, the two species being mixed up in his collection, though the description given is to be referred to the present insect. The species re- corded by him as interstinctus is identical with it, and its localities given are " Hertford and Southend in the spring." I have taken it in Eridge Woods near Tunbridge Wells in the autumn, and a black variety near Hebden Bridge and in the neighbourhood of Newark.

21. P. strenuus : nigro-piceus, nitidus ; thorace subquadrato, postice utrinque striato, angulis postids acutiusculis ; elytris striatis, striis subtilissime punctatis ; antennis pedibusque rufo-piceis.

Car abus strenuus, Panz. Faun. 38. — 111. Kafer, 1. 185. Argutor strenuus, Steph. Mand. 1. 105, et Manual, p. 30. —

Heer, Faun. Helv. 66. Pterostichus strenuus, Erichson, Kafer, 74. Harpalus pullus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 429. Feroniapulla, Dej. Spec. 3. 254; Icon. 3. 41. pi. 130. Argutor pullus, Steph. Mand. 1. 105, et Manual, p. 31. A. diligens, Steph. Mand. 1. 104, et Manual, p. 30.

This insect closely resembles erythropus, but is usually rather smaller and narrower. The thorax is less dilated at the sides and more gradually contracted behind, the posterior angles being also a little more acute and prominent ; the base of the thorax is

112 CARABID.E. — PTEROSTICHUS.

either not at all punctured, or in some individuals presents a very slight punctuation ; the elytra are less wide and the sides less rounded, th2 entire disk is very equally striated, but the stria3 most obsoletely punctured, the inner striae being as delicately marked as the outer three ; underside smooth ; legs red, some- times in darker individuals pitchy black. Length 2J lines.

This insect is extremely common everywhere and is generally known among us as erythropus, but I have assigned that name to the preceding species on the ground of Marsham's description, " Elytra profundiuscule striata, in striis punctula plurima conspi- cienda." There is a variety of this also as well as of the preceding which is entirely shining black, including the antennae and legs.

(PLATYDERUS, Stephens.}

22. P. ruficollis : apterus, rufo-piceus ; thorace rufescente, ob- longo-quadrato postice utrinque unistriato, angulis posticis obtusiusculis ; elytris elongatis, subparallelis, striatis, punctisque tribus impressis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus rujicollis, Marsham, Ent. 456.

Platyderus ruficollis, Steph. Mand. 1. 101, et Manual, p. 30. Feronia depressa, Dej. Spec. 3. 258 ; Icon. 3. 46. pi. 131. Argutor depressus, Heer, Faun. Helv. 66.

Wingless, elongate, depressed, pitchy or ferruginous. Head pitchy, very smooth and shining, flattened in front and having a transverse stria between the antenna, very convex behind ; palpi and antennae rusty red. Thorax oblong-quadrate, the anterior angles prominent, and below them the sides regularly and mode- rately curved, narrowed behind, posterior angles obtuse, rufescent, very smooth and glossy, having a deep dorsal furrow and a strongly impressed impunctate stria on each side at the base about midway between the dorsal furrow and the lateral margin, the base itself being also smooth and impunctate. Elytra elon- gate, rather wider than the thorax, rounded at the shoulders, but with the sides somewhat parallel, narrowed however at the apex, pitchy ferruginous, rather flattish, evenly and smoothly striated, the strise impunctate, with three impressions on the third from the suture and a series on the exterior margin ; underside smooth, legs red. Length 3^ lines.

The colour varies, probably according to maturity ; sometimes the elytra are ferruginous red, in other individuals pitchy with their base slightly rufous, but the thorax is always rufescent. This insect was first described by Marsham under the name which I have retained for it in right of priority. It is better known on

CARABIDjE. STOMIS. 113

the continent as Feronia depressa, Dej., and is apparently every- where uncommon.

Stephens states that it is found under moss at the roots of trees in Richmond Park. " Scarce beneath loose cinders and stones on the coast at South Shields in April and May." T. J. Bold. I have found it under stones by the road-side between Folkstone and Sandgate in May rather plentifully.

Genus 34. STOMIS, Clairville.

Mentum dente medio integro. Ligula apice obtusa ; paraglossis membranaceis, linearibus, earn longe superantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo subfusiformi, apice truncato, penultimo sub- cequali. Mandibulse elongate, porrectce. Labrum breve, emarginatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, subtus biseriatlm pectinato-setosis.

1 . S. pumicatus : nigro-piceus , nitidus; thorace elongate cordato, postice coarctato utrinque unistriato punctulatoque ; elytris oblongis, punctato-striatis, antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus pumicatus, Panz. Faun. 30. 16.

Stomis pumicatus, Clairv. Ent. Helv.2.49.— Sturm, D. F.6.4.—

Dej. Spec. 3. 435 ; Icon. 3. 207. pi. 156.— Steph. Mand. 1.

118, et Manual, p. 34. — Erichson, Kafer, 76. — Heer, Faun.

Helv. 64. Harpalus pumicatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 3. 693.

Elongate, wingless, pitchy black, shining. Head narrow, smooth, with a small impression in the centre of the crown and a slight punctured fovea on each side, palpi and antennae red. Thorax elongate cordate, sides very much rounded and dilated below the anterior angles, much contracted behind, posterior angles rather elevated, small and acute, disk convex, the dorsal line bordered by a few punctures, the base with an even transverse depression and an oblong striated fovea on each side of it. Elytra elongate ovate, having the shoulders narrowed and rounded, punctate-striated and somewhat crenulated; underside of the thorax, breast and sides of the abdomen punctured, legs red. Length 3 lines.

Not uncommon beneath stones in England, Scotland and Ireland, though apparently nowhere abundant.

Genus 35. BROSCUS, Panzer.

Mentum dente medio integro. Ligula apice truncata ; paraglossis membranaceis, apice rotundatis, ei cequalibus. Palpi articulo

114 CARABID.E. BROSCUS.

ultimo subcylindrico, apice truncato ; maxillares articulo ul- timo penultimo aquali, labiales eo breviore. Mandibulse valida, inermes. Labrum truncatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis dilatatis, primo elongato triangulari, secundo tertio- que breviter obcordatis.

1. B. cephalotes : ater, opacus ; thorace cordato, postice coarc- tato ; elytris elongatis, subparallelis, subtilissime punctato- striatis.

Carabus cephalotes, Linn. F. S. 788 Fab. S. El. 1. 187.

Harpalus cephalotes, Clairv. Ent. Helv. 2. 71. — Gyll. Ins. Suec.

2. 147. Broscus cephalotes, Sturm, D. F. 4. 141.— Steph. Mand. 1.118,

et Manual, p. 34. Cephalotes vulgaris, Dej. Spec. 3. 428 ; Icon. 3. 203. pi. 155.

— Erichson, Kiifer, 77.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 19.

Elongate, opake black. Head sparingly punctured and strigose, with two broad punctured fovese between the antennae, the latter black, with some of the upper joints fuscous testaceous. Thorax cordate, very much contracted behind, very convex, with the usual central line and the disk transversely wrinkled, the base coarsely punctured; scutellum semirotundate, with an impression on each side. Elytra elongate, shoulders rounded, sides some- what parallel, but slightly widest behind the middle, convex, very faintly punctate-striate, with seven or eight small remote punctures near the outer margin ; legs elongate, anterior tibise armed with two long spines, one at the apex and the other about the middle. Length 8-10 lines.

The generic name Cephalotes, Bonelli, is now commonly received on the Continent to represent a group of five remark- able insects, two only of which occur in Europe. The species before us is the most commonly known, and stands as Cephalotes vulgaris, Bonelli ; but Panzer's name Broscus claims rather the priority, and the specific name vulgaris had already been employed.

This insect is very abundant, burrowing under stones and marine rejectamenta, on many of the sandy coasts of England, Scotland and Ireland; it is not, however, as has been commonly supposed, exclusively a coast species, for it has been taken by T. V. Wollaston, Esq. on a sandy common near Twigmoor, in the north of Lincolnshire, forty miles from the sea; and I myself have captured specimens near Woburn, in Bedfordshire, more than double that distance from the coast.

CARABIDJS. MISCODERA, 115

Genus 36. MISCODERA, Eschscholtz.

Mentum dente media minima, obtuso. Ligula obtusa ; paraglossis membranaceis, ei aqualibus. Palpi articulo ultimo subcylin- drico, truncato. Mandibulse acuta, unidentata. Labrum quadratum, tmncatum. Tarsi antici marts articulis tribus dilatatis.

1. M. arctica : csnea nitidissima ; thorace subgloboso, postice coarctato ; elytris ovatis, dorso obsolete punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Scarites arcticus, Payk. Faun. 1. 85.

Clivina arctica, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 168.— Dej. Spec. 1. 420;

Icon. 1. 217. pi. 23.

Miscodera arctica, Steph. Mand. 1. 377, et Manual, p. 34. Leiochiton Jleadii, Curtis, Ent. pi. 346. L. arcticum, Heer, Faun. Helv. 19.

Variable in colour, usually brownish brass, sometimes greenish or bluish black. Head smooth, with a transverse ridge in front and an impression on each side, palpi and antennae red. Thorax truncate in front, sides very much rounded and dilated before the middle and contracted behind, globose and shining, with a slight dorsal line, but without basal fovese, base with a narrow depresed neck remote from the elytra, and furnished with a few punctures on the sides. Elytra ovate, with the shoulders rounded, dilated behind the middle, very convex and shining, having a few irregular more or less obsolete punctured stria3 near the suture, which vanish towards the extremity, and a scarcely punctured one next the margin, which is continued to the apex, the margin itself being sometimes narrowly edged with red ; body beneath blue-black, apex of the abdomen rufous, legs short and wholly red. Length 3 lines.

This species was first described by Eschscholtz, in the ' Bul- letin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou/ in 1830. It is very local and nowhere abundant. It is found upon some of the high moors in Derbyshire, Yorkshire, and in Scotland. I have taken it also on the mountains near Llangollen in North Wales, in August.

Genus 37. ZABRUS, Clairville.

Mentum dente media Integra. Ligula apice retusa ; paraglossis membranaceis, extus rotundatis, ligulam parum superantibus .

i 2

116 CARABID^E. ZABRUS.

Palpi articulo ultimo subcylindrico,penultimo breviore. Man- dibulae valida, breves. Labrum emarginatum. Tibiae antica spind apicali duplice. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis, singulis obcordatis, subtus biseriatim pectinato- setosis.

1. Z. piger : niger, convexus ; thorace transverso, postice punc- tato, utrinque obsolete impresso ; elytris interdum nigro- sub&neis, parallelis, valde convexis, punctato-striatis ; an- tennis tibiis tarsisque rufo-piceis.

Buprestis piger, Fourc. Ent. Paris. 1. 52 (1/85).

Carabus gibbus, Fab. Ent. S. 4. 442 (1794).

Zabrus gibbus, Clairv. Ent. Helv. 2. 82.— Sturm, D. F. 4. 128.

— Dej. Spec. 3. 453 ; Icon. 3. 234. pi. 159.— Steph. Mand.

1. 140, et Manual, p. 39.

Winged, convex, deep black, with sometimes a brassy tinge on the elytra. Head with an elevated transverse fold or band in front, behind which is a longitudinal impression in the middle of the forehead and a rugged fovea on each side; palpi and antennae rusty red. Thorax transverse, narrowed in front, sides rather straight behind, posterior angles right angles, base as broad as the elytra, disk much wrinkled all over, the dorsal line crossed in front by a depressed space, on the sides of which appear a few punctures and longitudinal striae, the base also depressed and much punctured, the punctures extending partly up the margins, the basal foveae very slight. Elytra broad, parallel, very convex, coarsely punctate-striated ; underside of the thorax in the middle, breast and sides of the abdomen punctured ; femora black, tibiae and tarsi red. Length 6i lines.

This species, the only one of the genus found in Britain, is apparently local and uncommon. According to Stephens it occurred " in plenty at Worthing, in August 1817, and at Brighton the following year," — "in profusion at Hastings in September," — " every autumn plentifully in the open corn-fields about Cambridge." It has been found also at Walmer and Richmond.

Genus 38. AMARA, Bonelli.

Mentum dente medio emarginato vel subemarginato ', rarius integro. Ligula apice truncata ; paraglossis membranaceis, earn hand superantibus. Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo ovato, labiales articulo ultimo fusiformi vel subcylindrico. Mandibulae breves, valida. Labrum leviter emarginatum, vel subtrunca- tum. Tarsi antici maris articulis tribus dilatatis.

CARABID^E. AMARA. 117

The genus Amara consists of two divisions; the first comprises those species which have the thorax quadrate or subquadrate, and dilated behind ; and the second comprehends those which have the thorax narrowed behind. Amara, or the first division, has been furthermore subdivided by Zimmermann into the sub- genera —

Amara, or species which have the posterior tibiae of the <J densely pilose within.

Celia (from which Acrodon does not materially differ), or species which have the posterior tibiae of the c? glabrous within or slightly pilose.

Percosia, or species which have the posterior tibiae in both sexes glabrous.

The second division is likewise supposed to comprehend —

Leirus (Brady tus, Steph.), or species which have the posterior tibiae densely pilose within.

Braditus (Curtonotus, Steph.), or species which have the posterior tibiae in both sexes glabrous.

I am not, however, disposed to place much reliance on these subdivisions.

* Prothorax quadratus, subquadratus, postice dilatatus.

1. A. obsoleta : ovata, plerumque anea; thorace postice utrinque obsoletissime bi-impresso ; elytris striatis, striis postice profundioribus ; antennarum articulis tribus basi rufis ; pedibus nigris.

Dej. Spec. 3.460; Icon. 3. 241. pi. 160.— Steph. Mand. 1. 129, et

Manual, p. 36. — Erichson, Kafer, 85. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 93.

Carabus trivialis, Dufts. Faun. 2. 116.

Amara trivialis, Sturm, D. F. 6. 46. pi. 145.

Carabus ovatus, Fab. S. El. 1. 196.

Amara ovata, Sturm, D. F. 6. 51. pi. 146. — Steph. Mand. 1.

129, et Manual, p. 36. A. ingenua et subcenea, Steph. Manual, p. 38.

Ovate, broad, above brassy, greenish brass, brassy black, blue- black, or, more rarely, brilliant shining green. Head smooth, transversely striated in front, palpi and antennae brownish black, three joints at the base of the latter red. Thorax narrowed in front, anterior angles prominent, sides rounded and gradually widened to about the middle and presenting a somewhat dilated

118

CARABID^l. AMARA .

appearance, then straight, posterior angles very little produced, with the tip itself obtuse, disk convex, very smooth and shining, the dorsal'furrow very slender, the base with two obsolete fovese on each side and a transverse indistinct impression at the base of the dorsal furrow. Elytra in front as broad as the thorax, ovate, sinuated a little at the apex, striated, the stride impunctate, but deeper at the extremity; legs black, tibise and tarsi with red cilia. Length 4i lines.

Fabricius described an unusual variety of this insect (probably immature) under the name ovatus, having a brownish body and red legs. A. obsoleta, Dej., presents the typical characters of the species. A. ingenua, sub&nea and lata of the Stephensian collection belong to the present species.

Generally distributed, but not very abundant.

2. A. similata : oblongo-ovata, cenea ; thorace antice angustato,

basi utrinque subpunctato obsolete bi-impresso ; elytris striatis, striis subtilissime punctulatis ; antennarum arti- culis tribus basi rufis, tibiis obscure rufis.

Harpalus similatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 138. Amara similata, Dej. Spec. 4. 461 ; Icon. 3. 243. pi. 160. — Steph. Mand. 1. 128, et Manual, p. 36.— Erichson, Kafer, 85. Carabus obsoletus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 116. Amara obsoleta, Sturm, D. F. 6. 52. pi. 145.

Smaller and proportionally narrower than obsoleta, brassy brown. Head small, with a slight fovea on each side between the eyes, the antennae brownish, with three joints at the base red. Thorax more narrowed in front than in obsoleta and less broad at the sides, the basal impressions more distinct and faintly punctured. Elytra, striated, the striae very faintly punctulated ; tibise obscurely red. Length 4 lines.

Commonly distributed, and in profusion at Dover and on the South Downs.

3. A. acuminata : lata, ovata} ainea ; thorace postice utrinque

profunde uni-impresso ; elytris apice subacuminatis, stri- atis, interstitiis subelevatis ; antennarum articulis tribus basi rufis, pedibus niyris.

Carabus acuminatus, Payk. Faun. 1. 166.

Harpalus acuminatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 136.

Amara acuminata, Sturm, D. F. 6. 42. pi. 143. — Erichson,

Kafer, 86.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 93. Carabus eurynotus, 111. Kafer, 1. 167.

CARABID-flS. AMARA. 119

Amara eurynota, Dej. Spec. 3. 458 ; Icon. 3. 239. pi. 160.-—

Steph. Mand. 1. 127, et Manual, p. 36. A. carata, Steph. Mand. 1. 127.

Ovate, very broad, shining brassy. Head smooth, mouth, palpi and antennae black, three joints at the base of the latter red. Thorax narrowest in front, anterior angles produced, very wide behind, having a slight abbreviated dorsal furrow and on each side at the base a very deep small pit remote from the posterior margin, hinder angles produced and acuminated. Elytra scarcely wider than the thorax, ovate, apex obliquely sinuated and acuminated, striated, the striae impunctate, inter- stices rather elevated ; legs black, tibiae and tarsi with red cilia. Length 5 lines.

Generally distributed.

4. A. trivialis : oblongo-ovata, plerumque anea ; thorace antice

angustato, basi utrinque foveola unica profunde impresso; elytris subtiliter striatis ; antennarum articulis tribus basi rufis ; tibiis rufo-piceis.

Harpalus trivialis, Gvll. Ins. Suec. 2. 140.

Amara trivialis, Dej. Spec. 3. 464; Icon. 3. 246. pi. 160.—

Steph. Mand. 1. 129, et Manual, p. 36. — Erichson, Kafer, 87.

— Heer, Faun. Helv. 94. A. atra, Steph. Mand. 1. 134, et Manual, p. 37.

Variable in colour, being brassy, greenish brass, bright green, coppery, black or occasionally cyaneous. Head with an obsolete fovea on each side in front ; three joints at the base of the antennae red, the rest black. Thorax narrowed in front, as wide behind as the elytra, the angles produced, disk with a slight dorsal furrow and a deep small pit on each side at the base, somewhat after the manner of that in the preceding species, also close to the angles a small shallow impression. Elytra oblong- ovate, narrowed at the apex, finely striated ; tibiaB pitchy red. Length 3^ lines.

A. atra, Steph., is a black individual of this species, which is extremely abundant everywhere.

5. A. spreta : ovata, fusco-anea ; thorace antice angustato, pos-

tice utrinque bifoveolato obsoleteque punctato ; elytris striatis, striis subtilissime punctulatis ; antennarum arti- culis tribus basi rufis ; tibiis rufo-piceis.

Dej. Spec. 5. 791 ; Icon. 3. 248. pi. 161.— Erichson, Kafer, 87.

—Heer, Faun. Helv. 94.

A. curta, Steph. Manual, p. 36.

120 CARABID^E. — AMAKA.

Allied to vulgarix, brownish brassy with a coppery and greenish hue, sometimes brassy black, often entirely brassy. Head ob- scurely foveated in front, two joints at the base of the antennae red, the rest wholly black and all the joints rather slender. Thorax shorter and narrower in front than in the next species, the dorsal furrow deeply impressed, the base with two very deeply impressed foveae on each side and much punctulated, the anterior angles produced and the posterior ones rather acumi- nated. Elytra evenly striated throughout, the striae very faintly punctulated, legs black, tibiae pitchy reddish. Length 3^ lines.

A. curta, Steph., is a dark representative of this species, which is not very common. I have taken it in Kent and in some of the midland counties, and have received it from the north of England. " Hertford," Mr. Stephens. " On the Bents at South Shields, in May and June," Mr. Hardy. " Fifeshire," Mr. Murray.

6. A. vulgaris : oblongo-ovata, plerumque cenea ; thorace postice utrinque obsolete bistriato ; elytris striatis, striis postice profundioribus ; antennis basi rufis ; tibiis rufo-piceis.

Carabus vulgaris, Linn. F.S.799.— Miiller, Prod. Zool. Dan. 79.

Harpalus vulgaris, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 138.

Amara vulgaris, Sturm, D. F. 6. 48. — Dej. Spec. 3. 463; Icon.

3. 243. pi. 160.— Steph. Mand. ]. 128, et Manual, p. 36.—

Heer, Faun. Helv. 94. A. convexior, Steph. Mand. 1. 131. A. obtusa, Steph. Mand. 1. 132. A. laticollis, Steph. Mand. 1. 133, et Manual, p. 37.

Oblong-ovate, brassy black, or brassy brown, or dark metallic green, sometimes blue-black, rarely bright green. Head with a small impression on each side close to the eyes, first and second, sometimes also the third joint at the base of the antennae red. Thorax narrowest in front, sides gradually widening till near the base when they turn a little inwards to meet the elytra, disk rather convex in front, the dorsal furrow slender and interrupted before, but reaching behind to the posterior margin, the base depressed, having on each side a double subpunctate impression, sometimes very indistinct and the usual little puncture close to the angle. Elytra oblong-ovate, convex, finely striated, the striae deepening towards the extremity ; legs brassy black, tibiae and sometimes the tarsi pitchy red. Length 3^ lines.

The name contrusa, given to it by Schiodte, has been adopted on the Continent for this species, on the grounds that vulgaris, Linn., belongs, according to the Linnaean Collection, to the

CARABID.E. AMARA.

121

insect we know as Pterostichus melanarius, but, as before stated, the Linnsean diagnosis will not accord with that insect ; I have therefore retained the name vulgaris for this.

A. obtusa, Steph., is a black variety of this insect : A. laticollis is an imperfectly formed <? of the same, to which also A. convexior must be assigned. A. plebeia of the Stephensian collection is represented by some examples of this species, but as the descrip- tions given by Stephens manifestly apply to the true plebeia, I have given his references to that insect.

This species, with all its varieties of colour, is generally distri- buted throughout the kingdom.

7. A. communis : oblonga, cenea, nitida ; thorace amplo, postice

utrinque subtiliter punctulato foveolato ; elytris subtiliter striatis, striis subtilissime punctatis ; antennis basi tibiis- que rufis.

Harpalus communis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 145.

Amara communis, Sturm, D. F. 6. 49. — Dej. Spec. 3. 467 ;

Icon. 3. 250. pi. 161.— Steph. Mand. 1. 133, et Manual, p. 37.

— Erichson, Kafer, 90. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 94.

Smaller, more oblong and more convex than vulgaris, brilliant brassy. Head as in the preceding species, palpi and antennae black, two joints at the base of the latter red. Thorax broad, the anterior margins straight in the middle, but the angles pro- duced, the sides less narrowed, the disk more convex, having numerous fine wrinkles on each side the dorsal furrow, and the entire base very minutely and closely punctured, and furnished on each side with a double obsolete fovea. Elytra oblong, sides almost straight, convex, finely striated, the striae obsoletely punctured, the punctuation being sometimes almost impercep- tible ; legs black, tibiae rusty red. Length 3 lines.

A. (Bnea, Meg., is a brassy green variety of this insect, and A. ferrea, Sturm, a darker example of the same.

Commonly distributed.

8. A. curta : ovata, obscure anea ; thorace postice utrinque ob-

solete bistriato ; elytris striatis, striis apice profundioribus ; antennarum articulis duobus basi rufis ; tibiis rufo-piceis.

Dej. Spec. 3. 468 ; Icon. 3. 253. pi. 161.— Erichson, Kafer, 88. —Heer, Faun. Helv. 95.

Shorter and wider in proportion to its smaller size than com- munis, less convex, generally obscure brassy black or bronze with

122 CARABID^E. AMARA.

a greenish tinge, sometimes more brilliant brass. Head blackish, convex behind, obsoletely impressed in front of the antennae, the latter with two joints at the base red, the rest brownish black with the tip testaceous. Thorax narrowed in front, sides rounded below the anterior angles, which are slightly prominent, then straight behind the middle and as broad as the elytra, the dorsal furrow transversely wrinkled in the middle and terminating at the base in some very fine longitudinal strise, between which and the angles are two obsolete impressions on each side, the inner one oblong and reaching to the hinder margin, the exterior one round. Elytra broad and rather shortish ovate, being a little widest behind the middle, simply striated, the strise some- what deeper at the apex, interstices flat ; legs black, tibiae rusty red. Length 2f lines.

Not uncommon on the sand-hills at Deal in company with A. lucida and tibialis, but immediately distinguishable from either by its broader form.

9. A. familiaris : oblong o-ovata, &nea ; thorace antice angustato,

postice obsolete bi-impresso ; elytris subtiliter striatis ; an- tennarum articulis tribus basi pedibusque rufis.

Carabus familiaris, Dufts. Faun. 2. 119.

Harpalus familiaris, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 145.

Amara familiaris, Dej. Spec. 3. 469; Icon. 3. 254. pi. 161. — Steph. Mand. 1. 133, et Manual, p. 37.— Erichson, Kafer, 90. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 96.

A. cursor, Sturm, D. F. 6. 57.— Steph. Mand. 1. 130, et Ma- nual, p. 37.

A. lavis, Steph. Mand. 1. 130.

A. lucida, Steph. Mand. 1. 134, et Manual, p. 37.

Oblong-ovate, brassy or greenish brass, bronzed black, some- times pitchy with the margins of the thorax reddish. Head with a small impression on each side a little behind the antennae, three joints at the base of the latter red. Thorax narrowed in front, with the anterior angles prominent, straight from about the middle to the posterior angles, which are rectangular, the dorsal furrow very slender, the base with two very shallow impressions on each side and without any appearance of punctuation. Elytra ovate, with the sides moderately rounded, very finely striated, the stria? a little deeper at the apex ; legs entirely red. Length 3 lines.

A. IfEvis and lucida, Steph., are identical with the present species, which is extremely common.

10. A. lucida : oblongo-ovata, viridi-tenea ; thorace postice utrin-

CARABID^E. AMARA. 123

bifoveolato ; elytris punctato-striatis, striis apice profundioribus ; antennarum articulis tribus basi pedibus- que rufis.

Carabus lucidus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 121.

Amara erythropa, Steph. Mand. 1. 134, et Manual, p. 37.

A. infima, Steph. Mand. 1. 135, et Manual, p. 38.

A. aemina, Zimm. Gist. Faun. 1. 37. — Erichson, Kafer, 91.

Similar in form to familiaris, but much smaller. Oblong- ovate, brassy green or green, blue-black or piceous ; three joints at the base of the antennae testaceous red. Thorax narrowed in front, the anterior angles not so prominent as in familiaris, but rather obtuse, sides rounded in front below the angles, then straight and as wide behind as the elytra, base with two lightly impressed fovese on each side, the inner one largest and rather rugged. Elytra ovate, punctate-striated, the striae rather deeper before the apex ; legs entirely red. Length 2-J lines.

This species is found abundantly on sandy commons among moss, under stones and at the roots of plants in company with tibialis. Very plentiful at Deal, Rye, Isles of Wight and Portland ; Hampstead Heath, &c. &c.

11. A. tibialis : oblongo-ovata, convexa, &nea ; thorace postice utrinque profunde bifoveolato; elytris punctato-striatis ; antennis basi tibiisque rufo-testaceis.

Carabus tibialis, Payk. Faun. 1. 168.

Harpalus tibialis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 145.

A. tibialis, Dej. Spec. 3. 471 ; Icon. 3. 256. pi. 162.— Steph.

Mand. 1. 135, et Manual, p. 38. — Erichson, Kafer, 91. —

Heer, Faun. Helv. 96. Carabus viridis, Dufts. Faun. 2. 120. A. viridis, Sturm, D. F. 6. 60. pi. 147.

Smaller, narrower and more convex than lucida, shining brassy, or brassy black, sometimes purplish; antennae with two (sometimes three) joints at the base testaceous red. Thorax narrower and more convex than in the preceding species, anterior angles slightly prominent, the basal foveae more distinct and very deeply impressed, the interior one largest, somewhat triangular and touching the posterior margin, the exterior one being a deep round pit close within the angle. Elytra deeply punctate- striated throughout ; legs black, with the tibiae alone testaceous red. Length 2 lines.

Its narrower and more convex form, more brassy appearance, the deeper foveae at the base of the thorax and the testaceous tibiae sufficiently distinguish it from lucida.

Abundant on sandy commons.

124 CARABID^l. AMARA.

12. A. strenua : oblong a, convexa, anea ; thorace basi utrinque

profunde unistriato ; elytris punctato-striatis, striis postice profundioribus ; antennarum articulis tribus basi rufo- testaceis ; tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis ; tibiis anticis spina apicali tricuspi.

Zimm. Gist. Faun. 1. 32. — Erichson, Kafer, 84.

A. Vectensis, Dawson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 3. 213 (1849).

A. tricuspidata, Steph. Manual, p. 38.

Oblong, convex, above brassy brown, greenish brass, more rarely blue-black, head, thorax and elytra not always concolorous ; antenna? fuscous black, with the first, second, third and basal half of the fourth joints red. Thorax subquadrate, the breadth greater than the length, narrowed in front, anterior angles scarcely prominent, sides rounded till about the middle, after that nearly straight to the hinder angles, which are acutely prominent, the basal margin being sloped downwards at the extremities so as to give that appearance, disk convex, dorsal furrow transversely wrinkled and terminated before and behind in a slight depression, having numerous fine striae impressed thereon, the base being furthermore furnished with a very deep oblong stria or small fovea on each side about midway between the dorsal furrow and the lateral margins and a smaller one close to each angle. Elytra oblong, sides very slightly rounded, convex, finely punctate- striated, the punctures vanishing before the extremity when the striae deepen ; thighs pitchy black, tibiae and tarsi rusty red ; anterior tibise with the spine at the apex tricuspid, the middle mucro being longest, stoutest and slightly incurved, the inner one smallest. Length 4 lines.

This species has hitherto in this country been found exclusively in the Isle of Wight, and is usually abundant in the marshes near Ryde early in the spring.

13. A. plebeia : oblongo-ovata, eenea, nitida ; thorace postice

utrinque bifoveolato, foveis crebre punctulatis ; elytris punctato-striatis ; antennarum articulis tribus basi tibiis- que rufo-testaceis ; tibiis anticis spina apicali tricuspi.

Harpalus plebeius, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 141.

Amara plebeia, Dej. Spec. 3. 467; Icon. 3. 249. pi. 161.— Steph.

Mand. 1. 132, et Manual, p. 38.— Erichson, Kafer, 84. — Heer,

Faun. Helv. 92. A. nitida, Steph. Manual, p. 37-

Above brassy black, or greenish brass. Head convex, smooth and shining, obsoletely impressed in front, palpi and antennae black, three joints at the base of the latter red. Thorax narrowed

CARABID.E. AMARA. 125

in front, anterior angles acutely prominent, sides regularly curved to behind the middle, then straight before the posterior angles, which are produced, disk convex in front, depressed behind, having two deep punctured fovese on each side. Elytra oblong- ovate, narrowed and obliquely sinuated at the apex, striated, the striae finely but distinctly punctured ; femora black, tibia alone testaceous, tarsi pitchy ; the spine at the apex of the anterior tibiae tricuspid. Length 3 lines.

A. nitida, Steph. (not Sturm), is identical with this species ; with which also that author's descriptions ofplebeia correspond, though the individuals in his collection standing with that name belong to A. vulgaris.

This species is generally distributed.

(CELIA, Zimmermann.}

14. A. ingenua : ovata, fusco-anea ; thorace transverse, antice

subangustato, postice utrinque bifoveolato, foveis punctatis ; elytris punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus inyenuus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 110.

Harpalus ingenuus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 443.

Amara ingenua, Dej. Spec. 3. 498; Icon. 3. 286. pi. 166.—

Erichson, Kafer, 92. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 88. A. latay Sturm, D. F. 6. 23. A. subcenea, Sturm, D. F. 6. 29.

Ovate, broad, obscure brassy, or dull blackish brass. Head very short, with two impressions behind the antennse, which with the palpi are red. Thorax transverse, very short, narrowed in front, broad behind yet slightly sloped to the posterior angles which are rectangular, the base has two deep fovese which are slightly punctured, the exterior fovea runs into the angle with an elevated ridge by the side of it externally. Elytra broader than the thorax, rounded and widening a little at the sides, narrowed at the apex, punctate-striated, the outer margin with a series of impressions at the base and before the apex ; legs red. Length 4 lines.

This species appears to be very rare in this country ; the only indigenous example I have seen was sent me from Scotland ; it perfectly agrees with specimens received from Paris. The sup- posed examples in the Stephensian collection are to be referred to A. obsoleta.

15. A. oricalcica : oblongo- ovata, fusco-anea ; thorace subqua-

dratOj basi punctate utrinque bifoveolato, angulis posticis

126 CARABID^E. AMARA.

rectis ; elytris punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque Jer- rugineis,

Carabus oricalcicus, Muller, Prod. Zool. Dan. 79 (1776).

Harpalus bifrons, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 144.

Amara bifrons, Dej. Spec. 3. 485; Icon. 3. 269. pi. 164. — Steph.

Mand. 1 . 130, et Manual, p.38.— Erichson, Kafer, 94.— Heer,

Faun. Helv. 90.

A. brunnea, Sturm, D. F. 6. 56. Carabus lividus, Fab. S. El. 1. 201. Amara discrepans, Steph. Mand. 1. 131.

About the size of A. familiaris. Oblong-ovate, brassy brown, shining ; mouth, palpi and antennse rusty red, tip of the mandi- bles black. Thorax short, sides a little rounded below the an- terior angles, broad behind, posterior margin almost straight, and the basal angles right angles, these together with the lateral margins rusty red, the base much depressed and punctured, with two large fovese on each side which are strongly punctured. Elytra very little rounded on the sides, moderately convex, punctate-striated throughout, apex testaceous ; legs wholly red. Length 3 lines.

This species, commonly known under the name A. bifrons, had been previously described as Carabus oricalcicus in the ' Zoologies Danicse Prodromus/ 1776, which name I have restored to it in right of priority. The original example of C. lividus, Fab., in the Copenhagen Museum, is according to Erichson an immature individual of this species, to which also C. discrepans, Marsham, belongs. It is not a very common species, but has been taken near Richmond ; at Hertford ; South Shields and Berwick-upon- Tweed; and is likewise included among the Irish species.

(ACRODON, Zimmermann.)

16. A. brunnea : ovata, obscure nigro-cenea ; thorace amplo, basi utrinque bifoveolato punctatoque, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Harpalus brunneus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 143. Amara brunnea, Dej. Spec. 3. 483; Icon. 3. 266. pi. 163.— Steph. Mand. 1. 131, et Manual, p. 38.— Erichson, Kiifer, 95.

Pitchy, thorax and elytra with a greenish metallic tinge, margins of the former narrowly red. Head smooth and convex behind, with a small oblong impression on each side in front, palpi and antennae red. Thorax short and broad, a little narrowed in front and the anterior angles produced, sides dilated and rounded below them, then nearly straight or very slightly

CARABID.E. AMARA.

127

sloped inwards towards the base, which is depressed and punc- tured and has two punctured fovese on each side, the exterior one smallest. Elytra ovate, moderately convex, strongly punctate- striated ; underside black, legs red. Length 2| lines.

Stephens's description corresponds with this species, but the examples in his cabinet belong to the preceding species.

Rare. Stated by Mr. Haliday to have been taken at Port- marnoch in Ireland, by Messrs. Tardy and Furlong.

(PERCOSIA, Zimmermann.)

17. A. patricia: ovata, nigro-picea, nitida ; Horace transverse,

postice punctato, utrinque bifoveolato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris punctato -striatis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus patricius, Dufts. Faun. 2. 110.

Amara patricia, Dej. Spec. 3. 502; Icon. 3. 292. pi. 167. —

Erichson, Kafer, 92.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 87. A. zabroides, Dej. Spec. 3. 504 ; Icon. 3. 294. pi. 167. Brady tus marginatus, Curtis, Ann. Nat. Hist. 5. 274. — Steph.

Manual, p. 39.

Pitchy black, very shining, margins of the thorax sometimes more or less red, broader, less convex and more ovate than the next species ; palpi and antennse wholly red. Thorax as wide again as the head, very short, the width about half as much more as the length, a little narrowed at the anterior angles, which are not prominent, rounded below them as far as the middle, then straight and with the posterior angles produced, the base very depressed punctured and with two large and very broad somewhat united punctured fovese quite extending from the dorsal line to the hinder angles on each side. Elytra very broad ovate, deeply striated, the striae finely punctured, interstices very smooth and glossy ; legs red. Length 4-5 lines.

Not common. Mr, Curtis's examples of Bradytus marginatus, which correspond with this species, were taken at Boxhill. I have captured it at Deal ; Folkstone ; and near Beddgelert in North Wales in August.

** Prothorax postice plus minus angustatus.

(BRADYTUS, Stephens.) (LEIRUS, Zimmermann.)

18. A. consular is : oblongo-ovata, nigro-picea, nitida; thorace

subquadrato, postice utrinque profunde bifoveolato, foveis

128 CARABID.E. AMARA.

punctatis ; elytris crenato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque ferrugineis.

Carabus consularis, Dufts. Faun. 2. 112.

Amara consularis, Sturm, D. F. 6. 26. — Dej. Spec. 3. 501 ; Icon. 3. 290. pi. 167.— Erichson, Kiifer,82. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 97. Bradytus consularis, Steph. Mand. 1. 136. B. crassus, Steph. Mand. 1. 131, et Manual, p. 39. Harpalus latus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 133.

Oblong-ovate, pitchy black, very shining, the elytra of the <J sometimes metallic. Head smooth, a little rugose in front, palpi and antennae ferruginous. Thorax short, slightly narrowed in front and very little rounded on the sides, scarcely narrowed be- hind, the posterior angles right angles, disk smooth and glossy, with an impressed dorsal furrow and two deep punctured foveae on each side at the base, the inner one largest, and exterior to the outer one with an elevated fold running into the angle. Elytra rather broader than the base of the thorax, sides slightly rounded, crenate-striated, the striae deepening at the extremity, the outer margin with a series of deeper impressions interrupted in the middle ; body beneath pitchy red, breast punctured, legs entirely ferruginous. Length 3^-4 lines.

This species resembles the preceding, but is narrower and more convex, and the basal foveae are less expanded. B. crassus, Steph., is specifically identical with it. It is not a very common species, but has been taken occasionally within the London district and at Winterbourne Stoke. It is very abundant in Holme Fen, Hunt- ingdonshire, under pieces of turf in May, and at Moor Park near Farnham under refuse left in turnip fields. It is likewise found in the north of England, in Scotland and Ireland.

19. A. apricaria: oblongo-ovata, fusco-subanea ; thorace postice subangustato bifoveolato,foveis punctatis; elytrispunctato- striatis ; antennis pedibusque rufts.

Carabus apricarius, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 163. — Fab. S. El. 1. 205.

Harpalus apricarius, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 104.

Amara apricaria, Sturm, D. F. 6. 19. — Dej. Spec. 3. 506 ; Icon.

3. 298. pi. 168. — Erichson, Kiifer, 81.

Bradytus apricarius, Steph. Mand. 1. 137, et Manual, p. 39. B. torridus, Steph. Mand. 5. 379.

Oblong-ovate, fuscous black, with a greenish brassy tinge on the elytra, palpi and antennae ferruginous. Thorax convex, more narrowed behind as well as in front than in the preceding, so that the sides appear rather rounded and widest about the middle, the posterior angles likewise are a little more acute. Elytra

CARABID^E. AMARA. 129

broader than the base of the thorax, convex, punctate-striated, the punctures disposed across the strise and disappearing behind the middle, leaving the striae smooth to the extremity, the outer margin with a series of larger impressions ; beneath pitchy, breast and sides of the abdomen punctured, legs red. Length 31 lines.

Brady tus torridus, Steph., is an immature ? of this common species.

20. A. fulva : ovata, ferruginea ; thorace brevi, subquadrato,

postice utrinque bifoveolato, foveis punctatis ; elytris seneo- micantibus, punctato-striatis.

Carabus fulvus, De Geer, Ins. 4, 62. — Dufts. Faun. 2. 107.

Harpalus fulvus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 105.

Amara fulva, Dej. Spec. 3. 511 ; Icon. 3. 303. pi. 169.

Bradytus futons, Steph. Mand. 1. 137.

B.ferrugineus, Steph. Mand. 1. 137, et Manual, p. 39.

Ovate, ferruginous, paler beneath. Head short, with an im- pression on each side between the antennae, which are pale testa- ceous. Thorax short and broad, with the sides rounded below the anterior angles, narrowed behind, hinder angles right angles, disk wrinkled, having a slight dorsal furrow, base with two punctured fovese on each side, and exterior to them an elevated ridge running obliquely into the angle. Elytra rather broader than the base of the thorax, disk glossed with greenish or bluish brass, punctate-striated, the punctures vanishing before the apex ; legs pale testaceous. Length 4-t lines.

Abundant at Low Moor near Bradford under the shale and stones; also found on sandy coasts at Ryde, Deal, Swansea, Lowestoff; and at Ripley, Surry.

(CuRTONOTUS, Stephens.) (BRADITUS, Zimmermann.)

21. A. spinipes : oblongo-ovata, nigro-picea ; thorace lateribus

rotundato, postice coarctato, utrinque bistriato, basi apice- que punctulato ; elytris striato-punctatis ; antennis pedibus- que rufis.

Carabus spinipes, Linn. F. S. 793. — Schrank, Enum. Ins. Aust.

212.

C. bicolor, Fab. Mant. 1. 199.— Payk. Mon. 122. C. aulicus, Panz. Faun. 38. Harpalus aulicus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 101.

K

130 CARABID^E. — AMARA.

Amara aulica, Dej. Spec. 3. 515 ; Icon. 3. 308. pi. 170. A.picea, Sturm, D. F. 6. 10.— Erichson, Kafer, 80. Curtonotus piceusy Steph. Manual, p. 39.

Pitchy black. Head convex, with two fovese between the eyes and a transverse line in front ; mouth pitchy, palpi and antennae red. Thorax with the sides rounded and widest about the middle, much contracted behind, the posterior angles acute, disk convex, anterior and posterior margins punctulated, the base with two very deep stria? on each side terminating below in a broad punctured fovea and exterior to these an elevated ridge running into the angle. Elytra ovate, widest behind the middle, deeply striated, the striae finely punctured, the margin with about eight deep impressions placed between the middle and the extremity ; underside pitchy, legs red. Length 5-6 lines.

The name given to this insect by Linnaeus and Schrank is restored in right of priority. It is generally distributed, but apparently not very abundant.

22. A. convexmscula : elongata, fusco-picea, subanea ; thorace lateribus rotundato, postice coarctato punctato utrinque bifoveolato ; elytris punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus convexiusculus, Marsham, Ent. 462.

Curtonotus convexiusculus, Steph. Mand. 1. 138. pi. 8, et

Manual, p. 39. Amara convexiuscula, Dej. Spec. 3. 517; Icon. 3. 310. pi. 170.

Narrower and more elongate than the preceding species; pitchy fuscous with a slight brassy tinge. Head smaller, the impressions between the eyes slighter, the mouth, mandibles (except the tip which is black), palpi and antennae red. Thorax short, narrower, the anterior angles more rounded, sides less dilated, hinder angles acute, disk convex, the anterior margin either not at all punctulated or with merely a few scattered punctures, and the basal fovese less deep and rugged. Elytra narrower and more elongate, striated, the striae more distinctly punctured ; body beneath pitchy, legs and apex of the abdomen wholly red. Length 5| lines.

An abundant species on the banks of the Thames, below Gravesend ; near Southend, Whitstable and Herne Bay ; Ryde ; shores of the Tees, &c., &c. ; and in the salt marshes near Cork.

CARABID.E. ANISODACTYLUS. 131

Genus 39. ANISODACTYLUS, Dejean.

Mentum dente medio nullo. Ligula apice truncata ; paraglossis coriaceiSj acuminatis. Palpi articulo ultimo fusiformi. La- brum quadratum, apice vix emarginatum. Tibiae anticse spind apicali unicd. Tarsi anteriores maris articulo secundo, tertio et quarto valde dilatatis, primo angustiore, omnibus his subtiis dense spongiosis.

1 . A. binotatus : niger, thorace subquadrato, postice punctulato

utrinque foveolato ; elytris striatis ; antennarum articulo primo tarsisque i*ufis.

Carabus binotatus, Fab. Mant. 1. 199.— Fab. S. El. 1. 193. Harpalus binotatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 122.— Steph. Mand. 1.

157. Anisodactylus binotatus, Dej. Spec. 4. 140; Icon. 4. 72.pl. 177.

— Steph. Manual, p. 46. — Erichson, Kafer, 42. Harpalus rufitarsis, Steph. Mand. 5. 381. H. calceatus, Steph. Manual, p. 45.

Oblong, deep black. Head with two red (sometimes confluent and occasionally obsolete) spots on the crown, basal joint of the antennae red. Thorax subquadrate, the breadth greater than the length, sides rounded, obliquely narrowed behind, posterior angles acute, disk obsoletely wrinkled, with an impressed central line, and two shallow punctured fovese at the base, which is likewise punctured. Elytra oblong, sides somewhat parallel, apex slightly sinuated, disk strongly striated, the outer margin with numerous punctures ; legs black with the tarsi reddish, the legs sometimes entirely red, Length 4^-51 lines.

H. rufitarsis and calceatus of the Stephensian cabinet are identical with this species, which is generally distributed in marshy places.

2. A. pceciloides : viridi-aneus vel nigro-cupreus ; thorace sub-

quadrato, postice utrinque foveolato punctatoque, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris striatis; antennarum arti- culo primo rufo.

Harpalus pceciloides, Steph. Mand. 1. 154. Anisodactylus pceciloides, Steph. Manual, p. 45. A. virens, Dej. Spec. 4. 135 ; Icon. 4. 67. pi. 176.

Above brassy green or dusky copper, sometimes brilliant shining green. Head with two fovese in front and sometimes a

K2

13.2 CARABIDJS. DIACHROMUS.

red spot on the crown, basal joint of the antennae red, with a dusky streak above. Thorax subquadrate, rather short, sides rounded and widest in the middle, posterior angles rather rotundate; disk transversely wrinkled, the dorsal line deeply impressed in the middle, base with a large punctured fovea on each side more or less strongly impressed, the punctures extend- ing a little way up the lateral margins. Elytra oblong, a little sinuated before the apex, striated, the margin with a few scattered punctures, and the third interstice occasionally with from one to five impressions near the extremity; underside greenish black, minutely punctured; legs black. Length 5|- lines.

Rather local : shores of the Thames below Gravesend, near the Fort ; Isle of Sheppey ; Southend ; Deal ; Lymington Salterns in May and June.

Genus 40. DIACHROMUS, Erichson.

Mentum dente media brevi obtusiusculo . Ligula porrecta cornea, apice media sinuata ; paraglossis membranaceis, obtusis, ligulam paululum superantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo fusi- formi. Labrum quadratum, apice emarginatum. Tibiae anticae spind apicali duplici. Tarsi anteriores maris articulis dilatatiSy subtiis aqualiter spongiosis, ultimo transversim car data.

1. D. germanus : ovatus, subpubescens, confertissime punctatus ; capite elytris antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; thorace elytrorumque macula posticd cyaneis.

Car abus germanus, Linn. S. N. 2. 671.— Fab. S. El. 1. 204. Harpalus germanus, Sturm, D. F. 4. 99. — Dej. Spec. 4. 230 ;

Icon. 4. 130. pi. 184.

Ophonus germanus, Curtis, Ent. pi. 191. — Steph. Mand. 1. 164. Diachromus germanus, Erichson, Kafer, 44. — Steph. Manual,

p. 48.

Head testaceous red, densely and finely punctured, and with an obsolete fovea on each side ; palpi and antennae red, eyes and tip of mandibles black. Thorax bluish or greenish, short, sides dilated and rounded below the anterior angles, contracted behind, posterior angles right angles, the entire surface densely punc- tured, base with two impressions, central line obsolete. Elytra ovate, testaceous red, with a bluish or greenish black patch at the apex, striated, interstices thickly and minutely punctured,

CARABID.E. HARPALUS. 133

very pubescent ; underside of thorax and abdomen black, legs pale testaceous. Length 4-41 lines.

(f Near Kingsbridge in Devonshire." Dr. Leach.

Genus 41. HARPALUS, Latreilk.

Mentum dente medio brevi obtuso, vel obsolete. Ligula apice truncata vel sinuata ; paraglossis membranaceis, rotundatis, ligulam hand superantibus. Palpi filiformes, articulo ultimo fusiformi. Mandibulse breves, obtusiuscula. Labrum qua- dratum, vix emarginatum. Tarsi anteriores maris articulis quatuor valde dilatatis, subtus biseriatim pectinato-setosis, primo triangulari, cateris obcordatis.

The genus Ophonus was established by Ziegler and Megerle in order to receive certain species of Harpali, which were supposed to present characters at variance with those that pro- perly belong to that genus. Dejean, and after him, most ento- mologists, have now suppressed it and restored the species it comprised to the genus Harpalus, because it was found upon examination that they did not present points of distinction sufficiently important and decided to warrant their separation. In common with the other Harpali, they have a simple tooth (obtuse or obsolete) in the middle of the mentum; the upper lip, the mandibles, the palpi and antennae do not differ ; and although in some species the anterior and intermediate tarsi of the males are densely spinose and the upper surface of the body in both sexes is pubescent, yet these are characters which they possess in common with some of the indisputable Harpali ; all that remains therefore is the punctuation of the upper surface, which, of itself, cannot be considered of sufficient importance to characterize a genus.

* Prothorax punctatus ; elytra striata, interstitia creberrime punctata.

(OPHONUS, Ziegler.}

1. H. sabulicola : oblongus, subpubescens, capite thoraceque nigro-piceis, punctatis, hoc quadrato postice angustato, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris cyaneo-violaceis, striatis, interstitiis punctatissimis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus sabulicola, Panz. Faun. 30.

Harpalus sabulicola, Sturm, D. F. 4. 87. — Dej. Spec. 4. 195 ;

Icon. 4. 93. pi. 179.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 101. Ophonus sabulicola, Steph. Mand. 1. 160, et Manual, p. 46.

134 CARABIDjE. HARPALUS.

Oblong, subpubescent, head and thorax pitchy black, strongly punctured, palpi and antenna red. Thorax quadrate, sides rounded, narrowed behind, posterior angles obtuse but not rounded, disk very convex, more coarsely punctured than in obscurus, the punctures larger and most numerous at the base, the latter not depressed. Elytra violaceous, oblong, striated, interstices strongly punctured, apex entire ; legs red. Length 51-61 lines.

Local : Southend ; Dorking ; Winterbourne Stoke ; Hales- worth, Suffolk ; abundant under stones and clods of earth about the arable fields near Basingstoke and many chalky districts of the. south.

2. H. obscurus: oblongus, subpubescens, capite thoraceque nigro-

piceis, subtiliter punctatis, hoc subquadrato, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris cyaneis, striatis, interstitiis puncta- tissimis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus obscurus, Fab. S. El. 1. 192.

Harpalus obscurus, Sturm, D. F. 4. 85. pi. 92. — Dej. Spec. 4.

197 ; Icon. 4. 96. p. 179.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 102. Ophonus obscurus, Steph. Mand. 1. 160, et Manual, p. 46. O. stictus, Steph. Mand. 1. 159. pi. 8.

This species bears a considerable resemblance to sabulicola, but is sufficiently distinct. Head smaller, more finely punctured, palpi and antennae red. Thorax subquadrate, the breadth much greater than the length, so as to appear sensibly shorter than in sabulicola, sides rounded, but scarcely narrower behind than in front, posterior angles evidently more rounded and a little ele- vated, disk less convex, more finely sculptured, base depressed and with two obsolete fovese. Elytra cyaneous, striated, inter- stices very closely and minutely punctured, apex obliquely sinuated ; legs red. Length 5-6 lines.

Commonly distributed in chalky districts.

3. H. azureus: oblongo-ovatus, subpubescens, viridis vel cyaneus ;

capite subtiliter thorace profunde punctatis, hoc subqua- drato, angulis posticis obtusiusculis ; elytris striatis, inter- stitiis punctatissimis ; antennis pedibusque rufa.

Carabus azureus, Fab. Mant. 1. 201. — Fab. S. El. 1. 196. Harpalus azureus, Dej. Spec. 4. 207 ; Icon. 4. 107. pi. 181. —

Erichson, Kiifer, 45.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 102. Ophonus azureus, Steph. Mand. 1. 161, et Manual, p. 47. C. chlorophanus, Panz. Faun. 73.

CARABID^E. HARPALUS. 135

H. chlorophanus, Sturm, D. F. 4. 108.— Dej. Spec. 4. 205 ;

Icon. 4. 106. pi. 181.

Var. /3. Paulb major ; capite thoraceque nigro-piceis, elytris sub- virescentibus.

Oblong-ovate, slightly pubescent, above bright green or cya- neous. Head depressed in front, convex behind, moderately and finely punctured ; mouth, palpi and antennae red. Thorax sub- quadrate, the breadth rather greater than the length, sides moderately rounded, posterior angles somewhat obtuse, disk convex, deeply and coarsely punctured, the punctures most numerous at the base and at the hinder angles. Elytra a little wider than the thorax, sides very moderately rounded, obliquely sinuated before the apex, striated, the interstices closely and minutely punctured ; legs red. Length 3^ lines.

This species is extremely abundant on the south coast of the Isle of Wight, near the Culver Cliffs, &c. " Taken occasionally beneath stones, in June and July, near Darenth Wood and at Hertford; also at Bottisham, Kimpton, Leith Hill and New- market." Mr. Stephens.

The variety y3. (which I was at first disposed to consider a distinct species) differs from it chiefly in having the head and thorax pitchy black, without any tinge of green, and the elytra very obscurely green; it is also a rather larger insect, but its form and sculpture are similar. I have two examples (both ? ) taken by myself in the Isle of Wight : Mr. Wollaston has one from Devonshire and the Rev. H. Clark another from the neighbour- hood of Northampton, the characters of all which agree most perfectly.

4. H. punctatulus : oblongo-ovatus, subpubescens, obscure viri- dis, capite subtiliter thorace fortius punctatis, hoc subqua- drato postice subangustato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis punctatissimis ; antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Carabus punctatulus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 89.

Harpalus punctatulus, Sturm, D. F. 4. 101.pl. 93. — Dej. Spec.

4. 202; Icon. 4. 102. pi. 180.— Erichson, Kafer, 45. Ophonus punctatulus, Steph. Mand. 1. 160. O. nitiduluSy Steph. Mand. 1. 161, et Manual, p. 46.

Oblong-ovate, rather depressed, subpubescent, above green, sometimes cyaneous. Head convex, shining, finely and remotely punctured in front, nape smooth and glossy ; mouth pitchy red, palpi and antennae entirely red. Thorax subquadrate, broad,

136 CARABIDJ5. — HARPALUS.

sides rounded in front below the angles, narrowed behind the middle, but straight before the hinder angles, so as to form with the base a right angle, disk convex in the middle, but depressed before and behind, strongly punctured, the punctures most numerous at the base, which has a broad, obsolete fovea on each side. Elytra very little wider than the base of the thorax, sides very gradually rounded from below the humeral angles to just before the apex, which latter is obliquely sinuated, striated, inter- stices thickly and finely punctured ; legs red. Length 4 lines.

Ophonus nitidulus, Steph., is identical with this species, which is local, and occurs chiefly in the early spring, under stones and clods of earth, at Newark, Bottisham, Hertford, Richmond, Kimpton, Swansea, near Sandown in the Isle of Wight, and in other parts of England.

5. H. cordatus : elongatus, subpubescens, ferrugineus; capite

thoraceque fortiter punctatis, hoc cordato pasties coarctato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris subparallelis, striatis, in- terstitiis punctatissimis, macula oblonga postica fusc£ ; antennis pedibusque rufo- testaceis.

Carabus cordatus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 169.

Harpalus cordatus, Sturm, D. F. 4. 106. pi. 94. — Dej. Spec. 4. 214; Icon. 4. 115. pi. 182.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 103.

Elongate, subpubescent, ferruginous red. Head finely punc- tured, with a shallow fovea on each side in front, eyes black, palpi and antennse testaceous. Thorax heart-shaped, sides very much rounded from the anterior angles to about the middle, thence much narrowed till just before the hinder angles, when they become straight so as to form with the base a right angle, disk convex, regularly punctured, with a slight dorsal line and an obsolete fovea on each side at the base. Elytra oblong, wider than the thorax, shoulders very little rounded, sides almost parallel, striated, interstices thickly and finely punctured, the posterior portion covered by an oblong obscure dark patch extending up the sides and leaving the centre more or less ferru- ginous ; underside of the body and the legs testaceous. Length 4 lines.

A single example only of this species has fallen under my notice, which I captured near Deal, at the roots of the tall wiry grass which grows on the sand-hills.

6. H. rupicola : elongatus, subpubescens, capite thoraceque

punctatis, rufescentibus, hoc subcordato, angulis posticis subrectis; elytris piceis, obscure nigro-subvirescentibus,

CAKABIDJE. — HARPALUS. 137

striatis, interstitiis punctatissimis ; antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Sturm, D. F. 4. 105. pi. 94.

H. subcordatus, Dej. Spec. 4. 215; Icon. 4. 116.pl. 183. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 103.

Elongate, slightly pubescent. Head rufescent, distinctly punctured, palpi and antennae testaceous. Thorax longer than in puncticollis, anterior angles less prominent, sides rounded in front but more obliquely narrowed behind, which gives it the appearance of a more cordate form (PI. II. f. 4), and renders the posterior angles less rectangular, disk more convex and the base less depressed, strongly but not densely punctured. Elytra narrower and more elongate, pitchy with occasionally an obscure greenish tinge, striated, the interstices very closely punctured; legs testaceous. Length 3| lines.

The more convex and more cordate form of the thorax, which has its sides obliquely narrowed behind and its posterior angles more obtusely formed, as well as the narrower and more elongate shape of the entire insect, readily serve to distinguish this species from more slender and paler examples of puncticollis. One in- dividual standing under the name foraminulosus, and two or three under that of punctatissimus in the Stephensian collection, may be referred to this species.

Not common : chalky districts, Dorking, Basingstoke, Isle of Wight, &c.

7. H. puncticollis: oblong o-ovatus, subpubescens, piceus ; capite thoraceque punctatis, hoc subquadrato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis punctatissimis ; antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Car abus puncticollis, Payk. Faun. 1. 120.

Harpalus puncticollis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 108. — Dej. Spec. 4.

216; Icon. 4. 117.pl. 183. Carabus foraminulosus, Marsham, Ent. 457. Ophonus foraminulosus, Steph. Mand. 1. 162. O. punctatissimus, Steph. Mand. 1. 162. O. puncticeps, Steph. Mand. 1. 163, et Manual, p. 47.

Oblong-ovate, pitchy, slightly pubescent. Head usually reddish, sparingly and finely punctured; palpi and antennae testaceous. Thorax nearly quadrate (PI. II. f. 3), but the width rather less than the length, sides a little rounded below the anterior angles and a little narrowed behind, but having the hinder angles rectangular, disk subconvex, moderately punctured,

138 CARABID^E. - HARPALUS.

the base depressed and more coarsely punctured, having the usual obsolete impression on each side. Elytra oblong-ovate, striated, interstices closely and finely punctured ; body beneath pitchy red with the sides darker; legs testaceous. Length lines.

This species is very variable in size and somewhat in the colour of the thorax. Some examples do not exceed two-thirds the stature of others. The thorax is rufescent as well as the head in frequent individuals, which likewise present a narrower form. The typical example of Carabus foraminulosus, Marsham, must be referred to this species. The Stephensian collection is in a very confused state with regard to some of these allied species, but the references given apply to the major part of the individuals standing under the respective names to which I have assigned them.

Widely distributed.

8. H. cribellum : oblong o-ovatus, subpubescens, piceus ; capite thoraceque parcius punctatis, hoc breviore, lateribus antice dilatato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis punctatissimis ; antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Ophonus cribellum, Steph. Mand. 1. 163, et Manual, p. 47. O. subpunctatus, Steph. Mand. 1. 163, et Manual, p. 4/. Harpalus brevicollis, Dej. Spec. 4.218; Icon. 4. 1 19. pi. 183.— Erichson, Kafer, 46.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 103.

Oblong-ovate, pitchy or pitchy black, pubescent, palpi and antennae testaceous. Thorax very short, the sides much dilated and rounded below the anterior angles, hinder angles right angles, the disk more sparingly punctured than in the preceding species. Elytra broad and rather depressed, finely striated, interstices minutely punctured ; legs red. Length 2f -3^ lines.

The chief points of distinction between this insect and puncti- collis consist in the remarkable shortness of its thorax and the greater breadth before the middle. O. cribellum, subpunctatus and puncticollis of the Stephensian cabinet must be assigned to the present species.

Not uncommon ; especially in chalky districts.

9. H. pubescens : oblongus, pubescens, punctatus, piceus vel piceo-testaceus ; thorace cordato, basi utrinque impresso ; elytris striatis, subparallelis, macula communi postica abdomineque nigro-piceis ; pedibus rufo-testaceis.

Carabus pubescens, Payk. Mon. 61. — Payk. Faun. 1. 124.

CABABID^E. HARPALUS. 139

Harpalus pubescens, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 109. — Dej. Spec. 4. 236;

Icon. 4. 137. pi. 185. Ophonus pubescens, Steph. Mand. 1. 164, et Manual, p. 47.

Oblong, very pubescent, sometimes entirely pitchy, with the margins of the elytra testaceous, sometimes ferruginous with a common black or pitchy black or brown patch on the elytra, and sometimes wholly ferruginous or paler. Head punctured, usually rusty red with a dusky stripe extending down the centre ; palpi and antennae ferruginous. Thorax cordate, sides rounded in front below the angles and narrowed behind, the entire surface strongly punctured, having the usual dorsal furrow and a deep impression close to each hinder angle. Elytra oblong, sides nearly straight, finely striated, striae minutely punctured, inter- stices distinctly but not closely punctured; legs reddish testaceous. Length 3 lines.

Common in marshy places and on the banks of tidal rivers.

10. H. obsoletus : oblongo-ovatus, subpubescens, subtiliter punc-

tatus, testaceus ; thorace brevi, subquadrato, basi utrinque imjiresso ; elytris striatis, macula oblonga nigro-picea.

Dej. Spec. 4. 252 ; Icon. 4. 132. pi. 184. Ophonus obsoletus, Steph. Manual, p. 47.

This insect is nearly allied to the preceding, but sufficiently distinguished by several important characters. It is always a broader and more robust insect, and never attains to the dark colour of pubescens. It is uniformly testaceous with an oblong pitchy or dusky streak on each elytron, the head being also occasionally dark. Though immature examples of pubescens resemble it in colour, its form and sculpture are dissimilar. The thorax is shorter, broader, less convex and distinctly margined ; the elytra are wider, their humeral angles prominent and the sides evidently rounded, and the entire surface is minutely and closely punctured, the punctuation on the interstices of the wing-cases especially instead of being sparingly distributed as in pubescens is very densely placed. Length 3^- lines.

Abundant under clods of earth in the Salterns near Lymington.

** Elytra striata, interstitia lavigata rarius subtilissimepunctulata.

(HARPALUS pr.)

11. H. ruficornis : oblongus nigro-piceus ; thorace sub quadrat o

postice punctato-rugoso utrinque foveolato ; elytris striatis,

140 CARABID^E. HARPALUS.

interstitiis subtilissime punctulatis, fulvo-pubescentibus ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus ruficornis, Fab. Mant. 1. 199.— Fab. S. El. 1. 182. Harpalus ruficornis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 107. — Steph. Mand. 1.

158, et Manual, p. 45.— Dej. Spec. 4. 249; Icon. 4. 142.

pi. 186. — Erichson, Kafer, 47.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 105.

Oblong, head and thorax black ; mouth, palpi and antennae red. Thorax subquadrate, slightly narrowed behind, posterior angles right angles, disk transversely strigose, dorsal furrow met in front by a longitudinally strigose impression, base punctured and with two rough shallow fovese. Elytra opake, clothed with a short griseous pubescence with more or less of a golden gloss, finely striated, the interstices minutely punctulated, the exterior margin with a series of small impressions ; underside black, legs red. Length 6-7 lines.

Very common.

12. H. seneus : oblongus, plerumque viridi-ceneus ; thorace sub- quadrato, basi utrinque foveolato punctato ; elytris striatis, lateribus obsolete punctulatis, apice profunde sinuatis sub- dentatis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus aneus, Fab. S. El. 1. 197.— Dufts. Faun. 2. 74. Harpalus ceneus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 116. — Steph. Mand. 1. 155,

et Manual, p. 45.— Dej. Spec. 4. 269 ; Icon. 4. 148. pi. 187.

—Erichson, Kafer, 47. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 105.

Var. /3. Pedibus nigro-piceis.

H. confusus, Dej. Spec. 4. 271 ; Icon. 4. 150. pi. 187. Var. y. Elytris apice leviter sinuatis.

This insect is extremely variable in colour, being brassy, greenish brass, greenish copper, bright green, purple, blue-black, or black, thorax and elytra not always concolorous. Head convex, shining, with a fovea on each side in front, antennae red. Thorax subquadrate, the width rather greater than the length, very slightly narrowed behind, the disk convex, dorsal line met in front by a transverse depression, base punctured very finely in the middle, having a punctured shallow fovea on each side. Elytra oblong, sides almost straight, apex obliquely sinuated and more or less deeply notched, finely striated, the marginal interstice and some- times the two next obsoletely punctured ; legs red, sometimes pitchy black. Length 5 lines.

The variety with pitchy black legs is very common. Indivi- duals with purple elytra have their legs always dark. Very common.

CARABID^E. HARPALUS. 141

13. H. honestus : oblongus, plerumque viridi-cyaneus ; thorace

brevi subquadrato basi utrinque profunde unistriato / elytris striatis, interstitio septimo apice punctato ; antennis rufis articulo 2, 3 et 4 basifuscis ; tibiis tarsisque piceis.

Carabus honestus ?, Dufts. Faun. 2. 85. 93.

Harpalus honestus, Dej. Spec. 4. 299 ; Icon. 4. 162.pl. 189.—

Heer, Faun. Helv. 106. Carabus ignavus $ , Dufts. Faun. 2. 85. 94. Harpalus rufipalpis, Sturm, D. F. 4. 70. pi. 89. — Steph. Manual,

p. 44.

H. annulicornis et atroc&ruleus, Steph. Mand. 1. 150. H. notatus et obscuricornis, Steph. Mand. 1. 151. H. nitidus, Steph. Mand. 1. 153, et Manual, p. 44. H. maculicornis, Steph. Mand. 5. 381, et Manual, p. 43.

Variable in colour, blue, blue-black, bronzed, sometimes bright green, with all intermediate shades ; in this country the colour is more subdued, the elytra being usually blue-black or cyaneous in the <£ and entirely dull black in the ? , with the head and thorax shining black in both sexes. Head depressed in front, with a small deep pit on each side connected by a transverse line ; palpi and antennae red, the second, third and fourth joints of the latter more or less dusky at their base. Thorax short and broad, sides rather rounded and widest about the middle, posterior angles not quite rectangular, the dorsal line interrupted before and behind, base with two deep stria? touching the hinder margin. Elytra broader than the thorax and rather short, a little rounded at the sides and sinuated at the apex, striated, the seventh interstice with a few punctures at the extremity and the marginal one with a series of impressions; legs pitchy black, tarsi red. Length 4 lines.

H. rufipalpis, annulicornis, atroc&ruleus, notatus, obscuricornis, nitidus and maculicornis, Steph., belong to this species, which is plentiful in sandy districts, especially in the south ; abundant on Woking Common, &c., and near Bristol.

14. H. sulphuripes : oblongus, nigro-subcyaneus ; thorace sub- quadrato, postice magis angustato utrinque unistriato, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris striatis ; antennis tibiis tarsisque rufis.

Germ. Spec. Nov. 1. 24.— Dej. Spec. 4. 302; Icon. 4. 165. pi. 189.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 106.— Redt. Faun. Aust. 100.

Oblong, narrower than honestus, black, elytra of the <? with a cyaneous tinge. Head with two small punctures between the eyes ; palpi and antennae entirely red and immaculate. Thorax

142 CARABIDjE. HARPALUS.

longer than in honestus, sides more rounded below the anterior angles, more contracted behind, dorsal furrow intersected by a few transverse wrinkles, base with two oblong deep impressions. Elytra oblong, finely striated, the seventh interstice impunctate at the apex ; femora pitchy black, tibiae and tarsi ferruginous red. Length 3| lines.

This species is now for the first time introduced into the British Fauna on the authority of an example taken near Bristol, which perfectly corresponds with specimens received from Paris. One of the insects standing under the name servus in the Stephensian cabinet appears to correspond with this species.

15. H. cuniculinus : capite thoraceque nigns, elytris subcyaneis; thorace lateribus antice rotundato, postice subangustato, utrinque unistriato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris striatis, interstitio septimo apice punctato ; antennis rufo-testaceis, articulo 2, 3 et 4 nigro-maculatis ; pedibus nigro-piceis, tarsis rufis.

Carabus cuniculinus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 87 (1812). Harpalus cuniculinus, Sturm, D. F. 4. 61. pi. 87 (1818).— Steph. Mand. 1. 152, et Manual, p. 44.

This insect is narrower than honestus, to which it bears con- siderable resemblance ; the head and thorax are shining black, the elytra have a distinct purplish or cyaneous tinge, the palpi and antenna? are testaceous red, the second, third and fourth joints of the latter ringed with black at their base. Thorax qua- drate, not so short as in honestus, the sides dilated and rounded in front below the anterior angles, then contracted towards the hinder angles, which are right angles, the disk smooth, the dorsal furrow very fine, the base impunctate, with a single short stria on each side touching the posterior margin. Elytra oblong- ovate, sides nearly even or very slightly rounded, sinuated at the apex, flattish on the disk, simply striated, the seventh interstice with a few punctures at the extremity and the margins with a series of deeper impressions; underside of the body and legs pitchy black, tarsi red. Length 4 lines.

This species was first established by Duftschmidt, on the authority of a single c? in his possession, and has since been received as an acknowledged species. It bears a close affinity to honestus, of which it is perhaps no more than a narrower and more slender variety. Stephens^ description of cuniculinus appears to correspond with this insect, but the examples stand- ing under this name in his cabinet belong more properly to

CARABID.E. HARPALUS. 143

honestus. I have seen a pair, however, in the collection of Mr. Curtis, which perfectly correspond with the description and figure given by Sturm of this insect.

16. H. luteicornis : oblongo-ovatus, niger ; thorace quadrato,

postice utrinque leviter unistriato obsoleteque punctulato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris striatis, ante apicem leviter emarginatis ; ore antennis tarsisque rufo-testaceis.

Carabus luteicornis, Dufts. Faun. 2. 86.

Harpalus luteicornis, Sturm, D. F. 4. 60. pi. 87. — Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 435.— Dej. Spec. 4. 329 ; Icon. 4. 189. pi. 192. — Erichson, Kafer, 51.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 108.

H. servus, Steph. Maud. 1. 152, et Manual, p. 44.

Black or pitchy black, sometimes with the margins of the tho- rax narrowly edged with red. Head smooth, mouth, palpi and antennae entirely reddish testaceous. Thorax quadrate, rather convex, rounded at the angles before the middle, the posterior angles right angles, the base with an oblong impression on each side touching the posterior margin, in which are a few obsolete punctures, and the disk with the usual dorsal furrow. Elytra about the width of the thorax, sides rather straight or very little rounded, narrowed behind and with the margin very slender just before the apex, disk convex, simply striated ; femora blackish, tibias and tarsi red, the latter sometimes palest. Length 3 lines.

Of the two individuals contained in the Stephensian collection, standing incorrectly under the name servus, one appears to cor- respond with this species and the other with sulphuripes, but neither of them have anything in common with the true servus3 Sturm. There are two other examples in Mr. Curtis's cabinet and two or three in the National Collection, which will likewise, I believe, be found to accord with it, besides the examples which may exist in private collections. The insect is found very sparingly in sandy districts in the south.

17. H. attenuates : oblong o-ovatus, nigro-piceus ; thorace sub-

quadratOj postice subangustato, utrinque profunde foveo- lato, foveis punctatis, angulis posticis rectis; elytris striatis ; antennis tibiis tarsisque rufis.

Steph. Mand. 1. 152, et Manual, p. 44.

H. consentaneus, Dej. Spec. 4. 302; Icon. 4. 166. pi. 189.

H. picilabris, Steph. Mand. 5. 381, et Manual, p. 43.

Smaller and narrower than honestus, oblong, pitchy black, or pitchy without any tinge of blue. Head glossy, with two deeper punctures connected by a transverse line between the eyes ; palpi

144 CARABID^E. HARPALUS.

and antennae entirely red. Thorax subquadrate, more narrowed behind, posterior angles more entirely rectangular, disk very convex, with a central longitudinal line touching the base and met in front by a transverse curved impression, on each side at the base a broad punctured fovea midway between the dorsal line and the hinder angles. Elytra broader than the thorax, sides less rounded, apex broader and less sinuated, deeply striated, interstices more convex, the seventh wholly impunctate; femora pitchy black, tibia3 and tarsi red. Length 3^-4 lines.

This species is found abundantly on Woking Common ; near Folkstone and Sandgate; also at Swansea; in Devonshire, Hants, Isle of Wight, and North Wales on sandy commons ; as well as in the London districts.

18. H. atricornis : oblong o-ovatus, ater; thorace subquadraioy

antice posticeque subangustato, postice leviter punctulato, utrinque foveolato ; elytris striatis, a,pice subsinuatis ; an- tennis pedibusque piceo-nigris.

Steph. Mand. 5. 379, et Manual, p. 40.

H. nigricornis, Steph. Mand. 5. 381, et Manual, p. 44.

Deep shining black. Head with a fovea on each side between the eyes ; antennae pitchy black, with the basal joint red. Thorax short, the width being greater than the length, rather narrowed before and behind, the sides rounded, posterior angles right angles, the dorsal stria fine and the base with a shallow fovea on each side, which together with the entire base is finely punctured. Elytra oblong-ovate, slightly widest behind the middle, apex obliquely sinuated, convex, moderately striated, margins with a few slight impressions at the base and towards the extremity. Length 4 lines.

This insect, which I have been unable to identify with any foreign species, is represented in the Stephensian collection by four examples under the name atricornis, and by one under that of nigricornis ; the localities given are " near London, Windsor, and in Glamorganshire."

19. H. Wollastoni : oblongus, niger ; thorace subquadrato,

postice punctato, utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis sub- rectis ; elytris fortiter striatis ; antennis palpis tarsisque rufo-ferrugineis, femoribus tibiisque nigro-piceis.

Oblong, black. Head with a deep fovea on each side between the antennae connected by a fine transverse line, palpi and antennae ferruginous red. Thorax subquadrate, the breadth greater than the length, the anterior margin straight in the middle, but the

CARABID.E. HARPALUS. 145

angles slightly prominent, sides rather narrowed in front, then rounded as far as the middle, from whence they are obliquely sloped to the posterior angles which are nearly rectangular, but the apex of the angle itself is somewhat obtuse, disk convex, trans- versely wrinkled, the dorsal furrow abbreviated before and behind, and terminating at both extremities in a distinct impression, the base and basal angles punctured, and with a large shallow roughly punctured fovea on each side about midway between the dorsal furrow and the hinder angles. Elytra oblong, broader than the thorax, sides scarcely rounded, apex obliquely sinuated, convex, deeply striated, the margin with a series of coarse impres- sions below the shoulders and before the apex ; legs pitchy with the tarsi always and the tibia? occasionally ferruginous red. Length 5| lines.

Four or five examples of this species were captured by Mr. Wollaston, in May 1852, at Slapton Ley/Devonshire; and as I have not been able to identify it with any recorded species, I have named it after the captor.

20. H. discoideus : oblongus, nigro-piceus ; thorace elytrisque tenuiter rufo-marginatis, illo quadrato, postice punctato utrinque leviter impresso, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris maris viridi-seneis, striatis ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Carabus discoideus ?, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 157.— Fab. S. El. 1. 199. Harpalus discoideus, Erichson, Kafer, 49. H. perplexus ?, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 434. — Dej. Spec. 4. 314; Icon. 4. 173. pi. 190.— Steph. Mand. 5. 380, et Manual, p. 43. H. Caffer, Steph. Mand. 1. 157, et Manual, p. 45.

Oblong, pitchy black, shining, elytra of the <J brassy green or cyaneous, margins of the thorax and of the elytra, together with the suture, narrowly edged with red. Head with a small fovea on each side between the eyes and a transverse line in front ; palpi and antennse testaceous red. Thorax nearly quadrate, sides slightly rounded and widest in the middle, posterior angles right angles, disk shining, transversely wrinkled, dorsal line abbreviated in front, base with a broad rugose fovea on each side, the fovese and the entire base being also thickly punctured. Elytra oblong, sides not quite parallel, striated, interstices smooth ; legs and tip of the abdomen red. Length 4^ lines.

Erichson informs us that he has seen in the Fabrician collec- tion a ? of this insect placed as C. discoideus •• and that C. Petiffii, D ufts., and H. perplexus, Gyll., are the ? , but H. Petiffii, Sturm, the S of the same species. The Fabrician name must therefore be adopted. H. differ of the Stephensian cabinet also must be

146 CARABID^:. HARPALUS.

assigned to this species. The true C. Caffer, Dufts., is a larger insect and is not found in Britain.

Not common : I have found it only in the Isle of Wight and near Sandy, in Bedfordshire, very early in the spring ; it is to be sought for in 'sandy districts.

21. H. fulvipes : oblong o-ovatus, nigro-piceus ; thorace subqua- drato, basi punctato utrinque subfoveolato, angulis posticis obtusiusculis ; elytris striatis ; antewiis pedibusque rufis.

Carabusfulvipe^Fsh.S.El. 1. 180.— ?, Dufts. Faun. 2.84.91. Harpalus fulvipes, Sturm, D. F. 4. 58. pi. 86. — Erichson,

Kafer, 50.

Carabus limbatus <J, Dufts. Faun. 2. 84. 92. Harpalus limbatus <J, Sturm, D. F. 4. 50. pi. 83.— Steph. Mand.

1. 149, et Manual, p. 43.— Dej. Spec. 4. 327; Icon. 4. 186.

pi. 192. H. acuminatus et lateralis, Steph. Mand. 5. 380, et Manual,

p. 43.

Oblong-ovate, pitchy black, with the margins of the thorax narrowly testaceous. Head wide, depressed in front, with a transverse line more or less evident between the eyes, palpi and antennae red. Thorax subquadrate, the width rather greater than the length, anterior margin nearly straight, sides rounded at the angles, then almost straight to the base, posterior angles rather obtuse, disk depressed, transversely wrinkled on each side the dorsal furrow, which in some examples is met in front by a few longitudinal striae, the base, together with two wide fovese finely punctulated, sometimes a little rough. Elytra ovate, widest behind the middle, striated, most deeply in the $ , interstices very smooth, the seventh impunctate at the apex ; legs red. Length 4 lines.

Erichson informs us that he has seen this insect standing as C. fulvipes in the Fabrician collection, and C. rufibarbis, Fab., agreeing therewith ; also that C. fulvipes, Dufts., is the ? and C. limbatus, Dufts., the <J of the same species, of which also H.flaviventris, Sturm, is an immature example. In the Linnsean cabinet a portion of the specimens placed to represent C. latus belong to this species, but they can scarcely have been intended by our great naturalist to represent the insect referred to by him under that name. H. acuminatus and lateralis of the Stephen- sian cabinet belong to this species. Examples sometimes occur with red heads, and these represent C. erythrocephalus, Fab., and H. ruficeps of British collections.

Common.

CARABID.E. HARPALUS. 147

22. H. rubripes : oblongo-ovatus ; thorace subquadrato, postice utrinquepunctulato, subfoveolato, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris striatis, inters titio septimo apice punctis pluribus impresso ; antennis pedibusque rubris.

Mas, supra viridi-aneus vel cyaneus nitidus : foemina, capite thoraceque nigro subcyaneis, elytris opacis.

Carabus rubripes, Dufts. Faun. 2. 77.

Harpalus rubripes, Sturm, D. F. 4. 55.— Dej. Spec. 4. 339 ; Icon. 4. 194. pi. 193.— Steph. Mand. 1. 147, et Manual, p. 42.— Erichson, Kafer, 49. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 107.

H. azurescens, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 432.

H. azureus, Steph. Mand. 1. 147, et Manual, p. 42.

H. chloropterus, marginellus et fulvipes, Steph. Mand. 1. 148, et Manual, p. 42.

H. subsinuatus, Steph. Mand. 1. 149, et Manual, p. 43.

H. lentus, Steph. Mand. 1. 150, et Manual, p. 43.

H. ignavus, Steph. Mand. 1. 153, et Manual, p. 44.

II. Petiffii, Steph. Mand. 5. 380, et Manual, p. 42.

Var. (3. pedibus nigro-piceis.

H.punctigerQinigro-cceruleus, Steph. Mand. 1. 149, et Manual, p. 42.

Head and thorax greenish black, elytra brilliant green, purple or blue-black and shining in the $ \ head and thorax black, elytra obscure dull green in the ? . Head smooth and convex ^ ' behind, depressed in front, with a small deep pit on each side, connected by a transverse line, palpi and antennae red. Thorax subquadrate, the breadth greater than the length, slightly nar- rowed in front, posterior angles nearly rectangular, disk covered with numerous transverse wrinkles, the dorsal furrow strongly marked and terminating in a deeper impression behind, base with two fovese, which, together with the base itself, are punc- tured, but more sparingly and less distinctly in the ? . Elytra as broad as the base of the thorax, sides very slightly rounded, deeply striated, interstices convex in the $ , less deeply striated and the interstices flatter in the ? , the seventh sometimes with a few small punctures near the extremity, margin with a series of deeper impressions ; underside black, legs red, femora some- times blackish with the tibiae and tarsi pitchy, cilia red. Length 4J-5 lines.

H. rubripes, azureus, chloropterus, fulvipes, marginellus, lentus, subsinuatus, Petiffii, ignavus, nigro -ctsruleus, and punctiger (in part) must be assigned to this species. The two last are varieties with pitchy black legs, and lentus an immature ? . The true lentus, Sturm, is identical with tardus.

L2

148 CABABID^E. HARPALUS.

Abundant in sandy and gravelly localities in the south of England and midland counties, more sparingly distributed north- ward of London.

23. H. cupreus : oblong o-ovatus, latior, plerumque vmdi-aneus ;

thorace subquadrato, postice obsolete punctato, utrinque subfoveolato ; elytris profunde striatis ; antennis basi rufis; pedibus nigro-piceis.

Dej. Spec. 4. 281 ; Icon. 4. 160. pi. 188.— Steph. Mand. 1. 146, et Manual, p. 42.

Larger and broader than rubripes, generally coppery, or brassy green, the elytra sometimes brilliant green. Head smooth and very convex, forehead with a deep impression on each side, con- nected by a transverse line in front ; antenna? rusty red with the basal joint brighter red. Thorax subquadrate, broad, slightly narrowed in front, hinder angles rather obtuse, disk with a slight dorsal line and two wide shallow foveaB, which, together with the base itself and the hinder angles, are thickly and finely punc- tured. Elytra deeply striated, the usual short sutural strise longer than in others of the genus, interstices convex, the margin with a few punctures near the apex, the suture generally brown- ish brass ; underside of the body black, legs pitchy black with the claws and cilia reddish. Length 6 lines.

This insect appears to be very scarce: I have met with it only at Hyde, Cowes and Sandown in the Isle of Wight. Stephens gives as its locality, the shores of the Thames below Gravesend.

24. H. depressus : oblongo-ovatus, niger, thorace viridi-cyaneo,

subquadrato, antice subangustato, postice punctulato utrin- que obsolete impresso, angulis posticis obtusiusculis ; elytris profunde striatis, interstitio quinto septimoque punctis impressis ; antennis basi rufis.

Carabus depressus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 73.

Harpalus depressus, Sturm, D. F. 4. 15. pi. 80. — Steph. Mand.

1. 146, et Manual, p. 41.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 111. Carabus melampus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 96. Harpalus melampus, Sturm, D. F. 4. 19. pi. 80. — Steph. Mand.

5. 379, et Manual, p. 41.

H. thoracicus, Steph. Mand. 1. 145, et Manual, p. 41. H. semiviolaceus, Dej. Spec. 4. 346 ; Icon. 4. 203. pi. 194.

Oblong-ovate, shining black, with the base of the thorax (more rarely its entire surface) greenish blue or cyaneous in the c? , dull black in the ? . Head depressed in front, and with a transverse

CARABID^E. HARPALUS. 149

impression between the eyes; palpi and base of the antennae bright red, the third and fourth joints of the latter dusky, the rest dull red. Thorax subquadrate, broad, anterior angles pro- minent, sides very slightly rounded, hinder angles rather obtuse, disk much wrinkled transversely on each side the shallow dorsal furrow, base with two obsolete greenish fovese, which, together with the hinder angles, are punctured. Elytra scarcely so wide in front as the base of the thorax, the sides rather rounded, but again narrower at the apex which is obliquely sinuated, disk deeply striated, interstices convex in the <? , the fifth and seventh with several impressions near the extremity, and the margin with a continuous series ; legs black, claws red. Length 6-7 lines.

Rather local, but plentiful in chalky districts of the south; in profusion on the side of Box Hill, also at Dover, and in the Isles of Wight and Portland.

25. H. tardus : oblongo- ovatus, niger ; thorace antrorsum sub- anyustato, postice utrinque impresso ; elytris striatis, striis obsoletissime punctatis ; antennis tarsisque rufo-testaceis.

Carabus tardus, Panz. Faun. 37.— Fab. S. El. 1. 194. Harpalus tardus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 120. — Dej. Spec. 4. 363;

Icon. 4. 217. pi. 195.— Erichson, Kafer, 54. Carabus rufimanus, Marsham, Ent. 441. Harpalus rufimanus, Steph. Mand. 1. 143. H.fuliainosus et latus, Steph. Mand. 1. 143, et Manual, p. 40.

Oblong-ovate, shining black, the elytra of the ? duller black. Head obsoletely impressed in front, palpi and antennae testaceous red. Thorax broad, slightly narrowed in front and the anterior angles a little prominent, posterior angles rather obtuse, disk smooth on each side the dorsal furrow, base with a more or less distinct oblong impression on each side touching the posterior margin. Elytra slightly narrower in front than the thorax, a little sinuated at the apex, striated, the striaa less strongly im- pressed in the $ and very obsoletely punctulated in both sexes ; femora and tibiae pitchy black, basal part of the latter and the tarsi red. Length 4|- lines.

Carabus rufimanus , Marsham, is the insect here described, but H. tardus of the Stephensian collection is identical with H. ser.- ripes, from which the present species is easily distinguished by its less convexity of form, its rufous tarsi, and the absence of the dusky rings on the third and fourth joints of the antennas. H. fuliginosus and latus, Steph., also belong to this species, which is very common in sandy districts, but more sparingly distributed in the north.

150 CARABID^E. HARPALUS.

26. H. melancholicus : oblongus, subdepressus, niger ; thorace

subquadrato, antrorsum subangustato, postice utrinque im- presso, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris subparallelis, striatis, interstitio octavo apice punctis impresso ; antennis ferrugineis nigro-maculatis ; pedibus piceis. (PL II. f. 1.)

Dej. Spec. 4. 359; Icon. 4. 213. pi. 195.— Erichson, Kafer, 55.— Redt. Faun. Aust. 99.

Rather smaller and narrower than tardus, and as depressed as the ? of that species, with which it cannot be confounded on account of its remarkably parallel form. Head smooth, with an impression on each side in front ; palpi and antennae red, the second, third and fourth joints of the latter dusky. Thorax sub- quadrate, a little narrowed in front and rounded below the angles, but the hinder portion of the sides straight, and the posterior angles not quite rectangular but a little obtuse, disk very much corrugated, base considerably depressed, with a fovea on each side midway between the dorsal furrow and the exterior margin. Elytra rather parallel, the apex obliquely sinuated and contracted, the striae much deeper than in tardus, with some impressions on the eighth interstice from the suture behind and numerous punctures all along the margin ; legs pitchy, tarsi palest. Length 4^ lines.

Examples of this insect, which I have recorded for the first time among our indigenous Harpali, were captured by Mr. Wollaston near Swansea in 1845.

27. H. serripes : oblongo-ovatus, convexus, niger ; thorace

antrorsum subangustato, postice utrinque impresso, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris striatis ; antennis ferrugineis nigro-maculatis ; pedibus nigro-piceis.

Carabus serripes, Schonh. Syn. 1. 199.— Dufts. Faun. 2. 98. Harpalus serripes, Sturm, D. F. 4. 26. pi. 81. — Steph. Mand.

1. 142, et Manual, p. 40.— Dej. Spec. 4. 371 ; Icon. 4. 222.

pi. 196. — Erichson, Kafer, 55. H. stygius, Steph. Mand. 1. 142, et Manual, p. 40. H.fuscipalpis, Steph. Mand. 1. 144, et Manual, p. 40. H. tenebrosus, Steph. Mand. 1. 382, et Manual, p. 45.

Oblong-ovate, convex, deep black. Head depressed in front, with a fovea on each side at the base of the antennae connected by a transverse line and also a small round pit in the centre of the crown ; the basal joint of the antennae bright red, the rest dull ferruginous with the second and some of the following joints dusky at their base. Thorax with the anterior margin curved inwards in the middle so that the angles appear prominent, a

CARABID^E. — HARPALUS. 151

little narrowed, sides gradually rounded and widening to about the middle, when they insensibly curve inwards to the posterior angles which are somewhat obtuse, disk transversely wrinkled, dorsal furrow deep in the middle but abbreviated or obsolete before and behind, base rather rugose, having an oblong impressed fovea on each side. Elytra narrowed in front to meet the base of the thorax, then wider but with the sides very slightly rounded, apex obliquely sinuated, convex, striated, the third interstice with a puncture behind close to. the second stria ; legs pitchy black. Length 5 lines.

H. stygius, fuscipalpis and tenebrosus, Steph., agree with this species, which is common in sandy districts near the southern coasts..

28. H. anxius : oblongo-ovatus, niger ; thorace antice suban- gustato, postice utrinque impresso, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris striatis ; antennis palpisque ferrugineis ; pedibus nigro-piceis.

Carabus anxius, Dufts. Faun. 2. 101.

Harpalm anxius, Sturm, D. F. 4. 72. pi. 89.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4.

439._Dej. Spec. 4. 375; Icon. 4. 227. pi. 197.— Steph.

Mand. 1. 144, et Manual, p. 41. — Erichson, Kafer, 57. H. nigripes et piger, Steph. Mand. 1. 144, et Manual, p. 41. H.femoralis, coracinus et f,aviventrisy Steph. Mand. 1. 145, et

Manual, p. 41. H. luteicornis, Steph. Mand. 1. 153, et Manual, p. 44.

Shining black. Head depressed in front, transversely impressed on each side between the antennae, which with the palpi are entirely red, occasionally pitchy red. Thorax subquadrate, broad, a little narrowed in front and rounded below the angles to about the middle, thence continued almost straight towards the posterior angles which are a little obtuse, the posterior margin being slightly curved or obliquely sloped towards them, the disk with a fine dorsal furrow transversely wrinkled on each side and met in front and behind by some distinct longitudinal striae, on each side at the base about midway between the dorsal furrow and the hinder angles and touching the posterior margin is a deep oblong impression ; the lateral margins sometimes ferruginous. Elytra oblong-ovate, with the sides very slightly rounded, moderately and simply striated, the striae more slender in the ? and the interstices smoother and flatter ; femora pitchy black, tibiae and tarsi pitchy red, the latter palest. Length 3-3f lines.

H. coracinus, flaviventris and luteicornis, Steph., are immature

152 £ARABIDJE, HARPALUS.

examples of this insect, the last being a small ? . Individuals frequently occur which are more or less ferruginous red. H. ni- gripes, piger and femoralis of the Stephensian cabinet must like- wise be referred to this species, which is found in great profusion on sandy coasts.

(ACTEPHILUS, Stephens.)

29. H. neglectus : ovatus, niger, nitidus; thorace brevi, lateribus

rotundato, postice utrinque profunde uni-impresso, angulis posticis obtusis; elytris striatis, antennis basi tarsisque ferrugineiSj femoribus tibiisque nigro-piceis.

Dej. Spec. 4. 306 ; Icon. 4. 171. pi. 190.— Erichson, Kafer, 58.

— Redt. Faun. Aust. 101.

//. piger, Sturm, D. F. 4. 31.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 438.— Heer,

Faun. Helv. 111. Actephilus pumilus, Steph. Mand. 1. 155, et Manual, p. 46.

Ovate, shining black. Head smooth and convex, with a transverse line between the antennse, basal joint of the latter (with the palpi) red, the second and some of the following joints dusky, the apex dull red. Thorax short, sides rounded and dilated about the middle, posterior angles obtuse, disk very smooth and glossy, dorsal furrow distinctly impressed, base with an oblong very deep impression on each side touching the basal margin, the exterior margin with a few fine punctures just above the hinder angles. Elytra ovate, moderately convex, deeply striated, the third interstice with a puncture behind close to the second stria; legs pitchy black, cilia and tarsi red. Length 3^ lines.

This species has the thorax considerably shorter, less narrowed in front, less wide behind and the sides more rounded and dilated about the middle than in anocius, and it may be furthermore distinguished from that species by the dusky rings on some of the joints of the antennse.

The name piger having previously been appropriated to another species, Dejean's name is employed for this. It is found on sandy coasts ; in profusion under stones on the Chesil bank.

30. H. vemalis : ovatus, nigro-piceus ; thorace transverse, late-

ribus et angulis posticis YOtundato j elytris striatis ; antennis palpisque ferrugineis, pedibus rufo-piceis.

Carabus vernalis, Fab. S. El. 1. 207. — Dufts. Faun. 2. 106. Actephilus vernalis, Steph. Mand. 1. 154, et Manual, p. 46. Carabus picipennis, Dufts. Faun. 2. 102.

CARABIDtfl. MASOREUS. 153

Ilarpalus picipennis, Sturm, D. F. 4. 75. pi. 90. — Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 439.— Dej. Spec. 4. 379; Icon. 4. 231. pi. 197. — Erichson, Kafer, 58. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 115.

Ovate, pitchy black. Head with the usual small impression on each side in front, palpi and antennae red. Thorax transverse, sides gradually and very slightly rounded from the anterior angles to the base, with the posterior angles likewise somewhat rounded, disk convex, transversely wrinkled, the dorsal furrow well impressed, base with an oblong stria on each side which sometimes assumes the form of a deep pit, wholly impunctate. Elytra ovate, finely striated ; legs pitchy red. Length 2-3 lines.

This species is the Carabus vernalis of Fabricius, but not Har- palus vernalis of Gyllenhal ; the latter has been already recorded (Pterostichus). It is a coast species, but rather local; not un- common under stones on the Chesil bank and in similar localities in the south, as well as on the coasts of Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex.

Genus 42. MASOREUS, Dejean.

Men turn dente medio nullo. Ligula apice truncata ; paraglossis membranaceisy earn longe superantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo subovato, apice truncato. Tarsi articulo quarto integro : unguiculis simplicibus.

1 . M. Wetterhallii ; rufo-piceus nitidus ; thorace brevi, dilatato, lateribus rotundato ; elytris ovatis, subtiliter punctato- striatis, basi ferrugineis ; palpis antennis pedibusque rufo- testaceis.

Harpalus Wetterhallii, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 3. 698.

Masoreus Wetterhallii, Erichson, Kafer, 25.

M. luxatus, Dej. Spec. 3. 537 ; Icon. 3. 325. pi. 171. — Curtis,

Ent. pi. 287.— Steph. Hand. 5. 383, et Manual, p. 48. Trechus laticollis, Sturm, D. F. 6. 103.

Above pitchy red, very shining. Head pitchy black, very smooth and glossy, having a small pit on each side at the base of the antennae, which together with the palpi are entirely tes- taceous red, eyes and tip of the mandibles black. Thorax trans- verse, very short and broad, with its sides rounded, posterior angles subrotundate, disk convex, dorsal furrow strongly im- pressed and extending to the base. Elytra somewhat ovate, with the apex obliquely truncate, moderately convex, finely striated, the striae delicately punctured, interstices flat, the base ferruginous red, the rest pitchy black ; legs entirely testaceous. Length 2J lines.

154 CARABID^E. — STENOLOPHUS.

GyllenhaPs name is restored to this species in right of priority.

The insect is somewhat local, but maybe taken rather plentifully on the Chesil bank, in the Isle of Portland ; on the sand-hills at Deal ; and near Sheerness, in May and June.

Genus 43. STENOLOPHUS, Megerle.

Mentum dente medio nullo. Ligula apice truncata ; paraglossis membranaceis, subrotundatis, ligulam hand superantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo fusiformi, apice subacuminato. Man- dibulse breves, acutiusculce. Labrum transversum, quadratum, apice truncatum. Tarsi anteriores maris articulis dilatatis, subtus biseriatim pectinato-setosis, ultimo aut bifido, aut obcordato.

* Tarsi antici maris articulo penultimo profunde emarginato,

bilobo.

1 . S. Teutonus : oblongus ; capite pectore abdomineque nigris ; thorace rufo, quadrato, postice utrinque subfoveolato, an- gulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris rufis, striatis} macula magna communi postica nigro-subcyanea ; antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus Teutonus, Schrank, Enum. Ins. Aust. 214. no. 404

(1781). C. vaporariorum, Fab. Mant. 1. 205 (1787). — Fab. S. El. 1.

206. — Panz. Faun. 16 (1789-1810). — Dufts. Faun. 2. 141. Harpalus vaporariorum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 161. — Sturm, D. F.

4. 120. Stenolophus vaporariorum, Dej. Spec. 4. 407 ; Icon. 4. 239.

pi. 198. — Steph. Mand. 1. 165. pi. 9, et Manual, p. 48.—-

Erichson, Kafer, 59.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 115.

Oblong. Head black, with a small deep fovea on each side in front ; mouth, palpi and two joints at the base of the antennae testaceous, the rest of the antennae fuscous black. Thorax red, quadrate, sides very slightly rounded, the posterior angles obtuse or subrotundate, the dorsal line very indistinct, transversely wrinkled and met in front by a slight depressed space, the base with a smooth shallow impression on each side. Elytra oblong, sides almost straight, obliquely sloped at the tip, striated, inter- stices flat, red in front, and with a large blue-black or cyaneous patch covering the hinder part, common to both and extending more or less upwards, sometimes leaving the shoulders alone

CARABID^!. STENOLOPHUS. 155

red ; underside of the thorax red, breast and abdomen black ; legs testaceous. Length 3 lines.

Schrank's name is restored to this species in right of priority. It is local ; but occasionally plentiful in Hammersmith marshes, Battersea fields, &c. ; Fakenham; and in the Cambridgeshire fens.

2. S. Skrimshiranus : oblongus, capite pectore abdomineque nigris ; thorace rufo, subquadrato, postice utrinque sub- foveolato, angulis posticis rotundatis ; elytris rufis, striatis, disco posteriore brunneo; antennarum basi pedibusque pallide testaceis.

Steph. Mand. 1. 166, et Manual, p. 48.

Like Teutonus, but inferior in size, and having the elytra entirely rufous, with the exception of a dusky, more or less indistinct iridescent cloud at their extremity which blends with the rufous colour. Head shorter, with similar impressions, mouth, palpi and two joints at the base of the antennae testa- ceous, the rest of the latter fuscous. Thorax shorter, subquadrate, the breadth being greater than the length, the posterior angles more rounded, disk convex, the basal impressions smaller and a little deeper. Elytra oblong, more narrowed at the shoulders than in the preceding species, the sides more rounded, disk more deeply striated and the interstices more convex ; underside as in the above species, legs paler testaceous. Length 2J lines.

Abundant near Niton, Isle of Wight, in the spring and autumn ; also taken at Madingley Wood and in the Cambridge- shire fens, and near Yaxley, but veiy local.

3. S. vespertinus : oblongus, ater ; thorace quadrato, postice utrinque foveolato, foveis punctatis, angulis posticis subro- tundatis ; elytris brunneo-testaceis, striatis, disco posteriore atro subcyaneo ; thoracis margine antennarum basi pedi- busque testaceis.

Carabus vespertinus, 111. Kafer. 1. 197 (1798). — Panz. Faun.

37 (1789-1810).— Dufts. Faun. 2. 147 (1812). Stenolophus vespertinus, Dej. Spec. 4. 421 ; Icon. 4. 241 . pi. 198.

— Steph. Mand. 1. 166, et Manual, p. 48. — Erichson, Kafer,

60.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 116.

Var. /3. elytris atris cyaneo micantibus, margine pallido. Carabus Ziegleri, Panz. Faun. 108.

156 CARABID^. — STENOLOPHUS.

This insect resembles Teutonus in form, but is smaller. Head black and shining, with a fovea on each side in front, palpi tes- taceous, penultimate joint ringed with fuscous black, antennse fuscous black with the basal joint testaceous. Thorax quadrate, a little rounded at the sides, posterior angles subrotundate, entire margin narrowly, and the posterior angles, edged with tes- taceous, base with a wide punctate fovea on each side. Elytra oblong, rather narrow, deeply striated, the interstices convex, dusky testaceous, with a black, somewhat cyaneous patch behind, extending upwards considerably and sometimes covering the entire disk and leaving the shoulders and margins alone pale ; underside black, legs pale testaceous. Length 2| lines.

Pale examples of this species cannot be confounded with Skrimshiranus, because the form is different. The thorax is more quadrate and the posterior angles are less rounded, in which respects it resembles Teutonus; whereas in Skrimshiranus the thorax is shorter, more narrowed behind, and the posterior angles are distinctly rounded ; the basal fovea?, moreover, in vespertinus are broader and evidently punctured.

This species is somewhat local, but in many places abundant, It is found in marshes and on the banks of rivers, &c. Hammer- smith ; Battersea fields ; Brentford and Kingsbury ; Southend ; Whittlesea Mere and the Cambridgeshire fens; near Norwich, &c.

4. S. elegans : oblongus, capite pectore abdomineque nigris, thorace ferrugineo, lato, subquadrato, postice coarctato utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis rotundatis; elytris rufo- testaceis,striatis, macula oblonga postica nigro-subcyanea; antennarum basi, tibiis tarsisque testaceis, femoribus obscu- rioribus. (PI. II. f. B.)

Dej. Spec. 4. 412; Icon. 4. 243. pi. 198.— Redt. Faun. Aust. 102.

Head black, smooth and convex, with a minute fovea on each side in front at the base of the antennse, the latter fuscous black with two joints at the base testaceous, palpi testaceous, with the penultimate joint fuscous black. Thorax subquadrate, broad, the width rather greater than the length, sides rounded, nar- rowed behind, but the posterior angles rounded and very slightly elevated, disk very convex, smooth and shining, ferruginous red, immaculate, the dorsal line faint and met in front by a curved transverse stria, base with a moderately deep fovea on each side, close to the posterior margin. Elytra wider than the thorax,

CARABID.E. — STENOLOPHUS. 157

the shoulders rounded, sides nearly straight, slightly emarginate before the apex, testaceous, having a blue-black or cyaneous patch spread over each behind the middle, only leaving the apex, the exterior margins and the suture narrowly edged with testa- ceous, disk convex, striated, the striae impunctate; body beneath black, legs reddish testaceous, femora rather obscure. Length 2 lines.

This species is for the first time introduced into the British fauna on the authority of two specimens captured by the Rev. H. Clark, in the Isle of Sheppey, between Sheerness and Queen- borough, in May 1853.

** Tarsi antici maris articulo penultimo leviter emarginato, cordato.

5. S. consputus : elongatus, niger ; thorace rufo-piceo, cordato, postice utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis rectis; elytris testaceis, striatis, plaga oblonga nigro-pice£ ; antennarum basi pedibus abdominisque apice flavis.

Carabus consputus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 148.

Trechus consputus, Sturm, D. F. 6. 71. pi. 149.— Steph. Mand.

1. 173, et Manual, p. 49.

Acupalpus consputus, Dej. Spec. 4. 443 ; Icon. 4. 258. pi. 199. Stenolophus consputus, Erichson, Kafer, 61. — Heer, Faun.

Helv. 116. — Redt. Faun. Aust. 102.

Elongate, rather narrow. Head black, with two deep fovese between the eyes ; mouth, palpi and two joints at the base of the antennae testaceous, the rest fuscous black. Thorax pitchy red, very little wider than the head, slightly rounded below the anterior angles, much contracted behind, posterior angles right angles, disk very convex, base with a deep fovea on each side. Elytra oblong, rather straight in front, with the humeral angles only a little rounded and elevated, sides somewhat parallel, disk convex and deeply striated, yellowish testaceous, having a large oblong bluish-black patch behind, extending more or less upwards but leaving the margins and suture always pale ; underside of the body black, apex of the abdomen and legs pale testaceous. Length 2 lines.

This species may be readily distinguished from its allies by its more elongate and narrow form, by its cordate thorax, which is likewise obliquely contracted behind and has distinct right angles; and by the long parallel- sided elytra, which are of a paler colour and have merely an oblong dark patch behind.

An individual of this species (with one of Bembidium littorale) is placed in the Fabrician collection, as Erichson has informed us, under

158 CARABID^E. — STENOLOPHUS.

the name dorsalis, but the Fabrician description of the latter insect can refer only to the species to which we have given that name. It is very local: "Battersea fields and Old Brompton, spa- ringly," Mr. Waterhouse. " Taken rather plentifully in a gravel- pit near Windsor," Mr. Griesbach (as quoted by Mr. Stephens). In May 1849, I procured a fine series on the banks of a stream in Herringstone marsh near Dorchester.

6. S. dorsalis : oblongus, rufo-testaceus ; thorace subquadrato, postice utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis subrotundatis, disco plerumque fusco ; elytris striatis, plaga oblonga posteriore nigra ; antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus dorsalis, Fab. Mant. 1. 205.-— Fab. S. El. 1. 208.

Harpalus dorsalis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 164.

Trechus dorsalis, Sturm, D. F. 6. 72. pi. 149.— Steph. Mand. I.

167, et Manual, p. 48.

Acupalpus dorsalis, Dej. Spec. 4. 446 ; Icon. 4. 260. pi. 200. Stenolophus dorsalis, Erichson, Kafer, 61. — Heer, Faun. Helv.

116.— Redt. Faun. Aust. 102. Trechus parvulus, Steph. Mand. 1. 167, et Manual, p. 48.

Oblong, rather wide. Head black, smooth and shining, with two obsolete fovese in front, external edge of the mandibles, base and apex of the palpi and basal joint of the antennae testaceous, penultimate joint of the palpi and rest of the antennae pitchy. Thorax reddish testaceous with a dusky patch in the centre of the disk, sometimes almost or quite covering it and leaving the edges only pale and sometimes almost obsolete, subquadrate, the breadth greater than the length, sides slightly rounded, posterior angles somewhat rounded, disk rather flattish, with a fine dorsal furrow and an impressed fovea at the base close to each angle. Elytra oblong, broad, sides almost straight, finely striated, in- terstices flat, testaceous, with a blue-black oblong patch behind, in some examples interrupted at the suture, in others covering the entire disk except the shoulders, in others again more or less obsolete ; body beneath black, legs pitchy or pale testaceous. Length ]^ line.

This insect, which somewhat resembles meridianus, cannot be confounded with it. It is much broader ; the thorax especially is shorter and broader, and not like that of meridianus distinctly narrowed behind, and is always more or less rufous with a dusky patch in the middle. Stephens has given as its localities, "Wands- worth Common and Copenhagen Fields at the roots of grass on gravelly banks by the sides of ponds;" and " marshes near Faken- ham." I am indebted to Mr. Hadfield for a fine series of varieties, which he procured from a gravel-pit on Stapleford Common near

CARABID.E. STENOLOPHUS. 159

Newark, where he has taken them both in spring and autumn, among grass and rushes. It is also stated to have been taken at Raehills, Dumfriesshire, by the Rev.W. Little; and near Paisley. The Rev. Mr. Jarman captured it abundantly in May 1853 near the railway bridge that crosses the lode in Holme Fen, Hunts.

7. S. meridianus : oblongus, niger ; thorace postice angustato,

utrinque foveolato punctatoque, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris striatis, basi sutura pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus meridianus, Linn. F. S. 797.— Fab. S. El. 1. 206. Harpalus meridianus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 165. Acupalpus meridianus, Dej. Spec. 4. 451 ; Icon. 4. 265. pi. 200. Trechus meridianus, Steph. Mand. 1. 170, et Manual, p. 49. Stenolophus meridianus, Erichson, Kafer, 62. — Heer, Faun.

Helv. 117. Trechus suturalis, Steph. Mand. 1. 168, et Manual, p. 49.

Oblong. Head and thorax shining black, very glossy ; palpi and antennae pitchy testaceous, base of the latter pale. Thorax broad in front, and about equal to the length, and rounded below the angles, obliquely narrowed behind, posterior angles obtuse, dorsal furrow entire, having on each side at the base a large punctured fovea. Elytra oblong, very slightly widest behind the middle, rather convex and distinctly striated, black, with the base and the suture testaceous ; underside black, legs testaceous. Length If line.

T. suturalis of the Stephensian collection belongs to this common species.

8. S. derelictus : oblongus, nigro-piceus ; thorace quadrato, postice

utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris subtiliter striatis ; antennarum basi pedibusque pallide testaceis.

Oblong, pitchy black. Head with a minute fovea on each side in front, palpi and two joints at the base of the antennae testa- ceous. Thorax reddish pitchy, with its margins testaceous, broad and nearly quadrate, sides rounded and very slightly nar- rowed behind, posterior angles somewhat rounded, very mode- rately convex, the base depressed, having an impunctate fovea on each side. Elytra about half as wide again as the thorax, shoulders somewhat elevated, sides almost straight or very slightly widest behind the middle, the apex distinctly emarginate, disk moderately convex, finely striated, the striae impunctate ; under- side black, legs pale testaceous. Length If line.

This apparently unique insect is about the size of S. dorsalis,

160 CARABID^E. — STENOLOPHUS.

but rather wider. It is very nearly allied to S. brunnipes, Sturm (a species of which no British example has hitherto occurred), but it is broader, paler, less convex, the base of the thorax depressed, and the basal fovese are entirely smooth and impunctate, cha- racters which appear to disconnect them. The specimen from which I have taken my description is however a ? . It was captured near London, probably at Plumstead, by Mr. F. Smith of the British Museum, who kindly gave it to me. It was re- turned to me from Paris as a species of Stenolophus unknown there.

9. S. flavicollis : oblongus, capite nigro, thorace rufo-testaceo,

lato subquadrato, postice utrinquefoveolato, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris striatis, fusco-testaceis subcyaneis, margine suturdque rufo-testaceis ; antennarum basi pedibus- que testaceis.

Trechus flavicollis, Sturm, D.F. 6. 87. pi. 151.

Stenolophus Jtavicollis,~Etrichson, Kafer, 63. — Heer, Faun. Helv.

117.— Redt. Faun. Aust. 103. Acupalpus nigriceps, Dej. Spec. 4. 453 ; Icon. 4. 267. pi. 200.

Oblong, broad. Head black and convex, with the usual small fovese in front ; mandibles, palpi and basal joint of the antennse testaceous, apex of the mandibles, penultimate joint of the palpi and the rest of the antennae brownish. Thorax reddish testaceous, subquadrate, broad (PI. II. f. 5), a little rounded at the sides, scarcely narrowed behind, posterior angles rather rounded, but not elevated, disk moderately convex, smooth, with a faint dorsal line intersected by a fine transverse impression in front, base with a neatly sculptured fovea near each angle. Elytra pitchy red, or reddish testaceous, with an obscure cloud on each, the suture always paler testaceous, broader than the thorax, not narrowed in front, but with the shoulders wide and rounded, sides almost parallel, disk convex and finely striated; legs pale testaceous. Length 1 \ line.

This insect is entirely distinct from T. flavicollis, Steph., which belongs to the next species. The thorax is much wider and not narrowed behind as in that insect, the elytra are also wider and more parallel and not at all contracted in front. It was first captured in England by Mr. Dale several years ago, who obtained two specimens from the neighbourhood of Lymington. I secured a fine series in a marshy piece of ground near Shanklin and Luccombe in the Isle of Wight in the months of April and May 1847-48.

10. S. luridus : oblongus; capite fusco-testacco, thorace testaceo,

. STENOLOPHUS. 161

subquadrato, postice subangustato, utrinque foveolato, an- gulis posticis obtusis ; elytris striatis, fusco-testaceis, mar- gine suturdque pallidioribus ; antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis.

Acupalpus luridus, Dej. Spec. 4. 454 ; Icon. 4. 268. pi. 201.

Stenolophus luridus, Redt. Faun. Aust. 103.

S. exiguus, var., Erichson, Kafer, 63.

Trechus Jlamcollis, Steph. Mand. 1. 168, et Manual, p. 48.

T. nitidus, Steph. Marid. 5. 384, et Manual, p. 49.

Oblong. Head pitchy or fuscous testaceous, convex, with the usual impressions on each side between the antennae, which are pitchy brown with two joints at the base pale testaceous. Thorax testaceous, much narrower than mflavicollis (PL II. f. 6), a little rounded below the anterior angles, narrowed behind, delicately margined and the margin a little elevated at the posterior angles which are obtuse, disk convex, with a fine dorsal line and a deep fovea on each side at the base. Elytra rusty brown or pitchy testaceous, more or less obscure, with the suture and margins paler, oblong, narrowed in front, shoulders rounded, sides very gradually and obliquely widening till behind the middle, mode- rately convex, evenly and finely striated; breast and abdomen brownish black ; legs pale testaceous. Length 1^ line.

Not very abundant, but widely distributed; Wandsworth Common ; Hampstead Heath ; Weybridge ; Ripley ; Hastings ; Isle of Wight. "Moffat hills/' Rev. W. Little. It is also in- cluded among the Irish species.

11. S. exiguus : oblongus, nigro-piceus ; thorace subquadrato, postice subangustato, utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris striatis, antennarum basi pedibusque piceo- testaceis.

Acupalpus exiguus, Dej. Spec. 4. 456 ; Icon. 4. 270. pi. 201. Stenolophus exiguus, Erichson, Kafer, 63. — Redt. Faun. Aust. 103.

This rare little species is somewhat smaller than the preceding. It is uniformly shining pitchy black, and independent of the difference of colour, it appears to have constant characters to distinguish it from the foregoing species. The form is narrower and more depressed. Head small and round; antennse pitchy black, two joints at the base together with the mouth and palpi pitchy testaceous. Thorax narrower, more contracted behind, posterior angles obtuse, disk with the usual dorsal furrow, base with a fovea on each side. Elytra narrower in front but with the shoulders prominent, rather widest behind the middle, but the

162 CARABIDjE. BRADYCELLUS.

sides not rounded, disk more depressed, finely striated; legs pitchy testaceous. Length 1^ line.

This insect was first discovered in England by Mr. S. Stevens, who captured a few specimens on Bury hiU near Arundel ; a single example was taken by Mr. Wollaston near Luccombe in the Isle of Wight ; and I subsequently secured a series from beneath rejectamenta on the sands in Pegwell Bay near Ramsgate in Feb. 1849.

Genus 44. BRADYCELLUS, Erichson.

Mentum dente medio acuto. Ligula apice medio sinuata ; para- glossis membranaceis, acuminatis, ligulam paululum supe- rantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo fusiformi, apice subacuminato . Mandibulse breves, acutiusculce. Labrum transversum, trun- catum. Tarsi antici maris articulis quatuor dilatatis, primo subquadrato, reliquis obcordatis, singulis subtus biseriatim pectinato-setosis ; intermedii in utroque sexu simplices.

1. B. placidus : oblongus, rufo-testaceus ; thorace subquadrato, posticb subangustato, utrinque foveolato punctatoque, disco plerumque infuscato ; elytris striatis, testaceis, macula oblonga juxta suturam nigro-picea ; antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis.

Harpalus placidus , Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 453.

Acupalpus placidus, Dej. Spec. 4. 441 ; Icon. 4. 256. pi. 199. —

Heer, Faun. Helv. 118.

Trechus placidus, Steph. Mand. 5. 384, et Manual, p. 50. Bradycellus placidus, Erichson, Kitfer, 65. — Redt. Faun. Aust.

103. Harpalus vespertinus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 162.

Head large, pitchy, convex, the sides punctured behind the eyes, which are large and prominent ; palpi and three joints at the base of the antennae testaceous. Thorax ferruginous, with a dark blotch in the middle, wide and rounded in front below the angles, obliquely narrowed behind, disk moderately convex, having a fine dorsal line which is met in front by a transverse curved depression on which are several small punctures, base punctured, and with a large punctured fovea on each side. Elytra testaceous, with a narrow lanceolate dark stripe on each near the suture, the latter being always pale, oblong-ovate, shoulders a little rounded, sides rather widest about the middle, evenly striated, striae deepest next the suture; legs pale testaceous. Length 2 lines.

CARABID^E. BRADYCELLUS. 163

Not common; but found in the marshes about Whittlesea Mere and in the Cambridgeshire fens. " Banks of the Thames and Stockton-on-Tees," Mr. Stephens. " Dunston in June/' J. Hardy.

2. B. cognatus : oblongus, subpubescens, nigro-piceus ; thorace subquadrato, postice subangustato , utrinque foveolato punctatoque, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris piceo- ferrugineis, striatis, maculd magnd oblongd nigro-piced ; antennarum basi tibiisque rufo-testaceis.

Harpalus cognatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 455.

Acupalpus cognatus, Dej. Spec. 4. 440 ; Icon. 4. 255. pi. 199.

This insect is nearly allied to the preceding, but is smaller, darker-and very finely pubescent. Head black, palpi and antennae pitchy, apex of the former and the basal joint of the latter red. Thorax pitchy black or black with the margins narrowly and the base more broadly obscure testaceous, subquadrate, a little narrowed behind, posterior angles rather more rounded than in placidus, the dorsal furrow terminating in front in a depressed space extending transversely to the anterior angles and carrying numerous punctures, the base also punctured and with a punctured fovea on each side, as in the allied species. Elytra pitchy black, with the suture, the shoulders and the lateral margins ferruginous, more or less pitchy, sometimes reddish testaceous with a large dark cloud covering the hinder portion and extending more narrowly upwards, disk convex, very finely pubescent, rather less deeply striated and the sides less dilated behind than in placidus ; legs pitchy black, tibiae reddish testaceous. Length 2 lines.

This is peculiarly a mountain species and has never occurred in the south. In Wales, Yorkshire and other northern counties, as well as in Scotland, it is taken upon the high moors. Stephens made a mistake when he recorded its capture near London ; the specimen which he mistook for this insect is an immature meri- dianus. Abundant on Midgeley Moor, &c., Yorkshire; in pro- fusion on Griben Oernant, Moel y Gamelin and other moors near Llangollen. Mr. Haliday has captured a single specimen on the hills near Belfast. " Near Edinburgh ; Renfrewshire, Berwick- shire." Murray's Catalogue.

3. B. fulvus : oblongo-ovatus, rufo-piceus ; thorace subquadrato, postice utrinque foveolato punctatoque, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris striatis, striis externis obsolete punctulatis ; antennis pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus fulvus, Marsham, Ent. 456.

M 2

164 CARABID.E. BRADYCELLUS.

Trechus fulvus, Steph. Mand. 1. 167, et Manual, p. 49.

T.pallidus, Steph. Mand. 1. 169.

Acupalpus harpalinus, Dej. Spec. 4. 471 ; Icon. 4. 274. pi. 201.

— Heer, Faun. Helv. 118.

Brady cellus harpalinus, Redt. Faun. Aust. 103. Trechus brunnipes, Steph. Manual, p. 49.

Head convex, smooth, with the usual impressions in front ; palpi and antennae testaceous. Thorax nearly quadrate, a little narrowed behind and with the hinder angles obtuse, more rarely inclined to right angles, base usually broad and almost truncate, the dorsal furrow strongly marked and met in front by a de- pression curved so as to enclose a triangular raised space above it, base with a large punctured fovea on each side. Elytra oblong- ovate, sides very slightly rounded in some examples, but more ovate and more dilated behind the middle in others, convex, moderately striated, some of the exterior striae obsoletely punc- tured ; legs pale testaceous. The colour is very variable, some- times reddish testaceous or fulvous, pitchy red, or pitchy brown or ferruginous with an obscure dusky oblong dash on each elytron, the paler colours not being always indicative of a less degree of maturity. It is also very variable in size. Length lf-2j lines.

T. brunnipes, Steph., is a dark individual of this species. The true T. brunnipes, Sturm, is not found in Britain and is altogether a different insect.

This species is very abundant and generally distributed.

4. B. collaris : oblongo-ovatus. rufo-ferrugineus ; thorace sub- quadrato, postice subangustato, utrinque foveolato punctato- que, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris striatis ; antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus collaris, Payk. Faun. 1. 146.

Harpalus collaris, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 166.

Acupalpus collaris, Dej. Spec. 4. 472 ; Icon. 4. 275. pi. 202. —

Heer, Faun. Helv. 118. Brady cellus collaris, TZrichson,*K&fer, 65. — Steph. Manual, p. 50.

—Redt. Faun. Aust. 103.

This species is about two-thirds the ordinary stature of fulvus, and very small examples of that insect are liable to be confounded with it. It is oblong-ovate, reddish ferruginous with the thorax usually paler. Head smooth and very convex with a small round fovea on each side in front ; antennae pitchy with three joints at the base pale ; eyes black. Thorax nearly quadrate, more convex, base with two deep fovese punctured within and on the edges, the

CARABID.E. BRADYCELLUS. 165

hinder angles obtuse. Elytra oblong-ovate, not so broad in front nor so dilated behind the middle as in fulvus, but more convex, distinctly striated, the striae wholly impunctate ; underside of the head and thorax rusty red, breast and abdomen pitchy black ; legs pale testaceous. Length If line.

The insect described by Sturm under the name collaris is thought by Erichson to belong to the foregoing species; at any rate the descriptions given by Sturm do not correspond with the insect before us. It is a mountain species and is found upon the high moors in North Wales, Yorkshire, Lancashire and Scotland ; less frequent in more southern districts.

5. B. sixnilis : oblong o-ovatus, piceus ; thorace subquadrato, postice utrinque foveolato, foveis punctatis ; elytris striatis, striis externis obsolete punctatis ; antennarum basi pedibus- que testaceis.

Acupalpus similis, Dej. Spec. 4. 474 ; Icon. 4. 277- pi- 202. Brady cellus similis, Erichson, Kiifer, 694 . — Redt. Faun. Aust. 1 03 . Harpalus collaris, var. b, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 455. Trechus ruficollis, Steph. Mand. 1 . 1 68, et Manual, p. 48.

Smaller than collaris, pitchy black, with the thorax sometimes and the suture always pitchy red, palpi and base of the antennae pale. Thorax subquadrate, much shorter and wider than in collaris, a little rounded in front below the angles, very slightly narrowed behind so that the base appears broad, the posterior angles less obtuse, base with a deep punctured fovea on each side. Elytra oblong-ovate, broadest behind the middle, striated, some of the external striae very obsoletely punctured ; underside black; legs pitchy or rusty red. Length li line.

As the name ruficoUis had been previously employed, I have adopted that which Dejean gave to the species. The insect is extremely abundant on sandy and moory commons where heather grows all over the kingdom.

Genus 45. TRECHUS, Clairville.

Mentuin dente medio integro, vel emarginato. Ligula apice rotun- data ; paraglossis linearibus, earn multum superantibus. Palpi articulo ultimo penultimo minore, conico, acuto. Mandibulae prominulce, acutcz. Labrum transvers-um, apice plus minus emarginatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis duobus dilatatis triangular ibus, introrsiim dilatatis.

1 . T. discus : oblongus, rufo-testaceus ; thorace cordato, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris subtiliter punctato-striatis subpu-

166 CARABIDJE. TRECHUS.

bescentibus, macula communi postica fusca ; antennis pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus discus, Fab. S. El. 1. 207.— Dufts. Faun. 2. 171. Trechus discus, Sturm, D. F. 6. 80. — Dej. Spec. 5. 4 ; Icon. 4. 287. pi. 203.— Erichson, Kafer, 1 20.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 119. Blemus discus, Steph. Manual, p. 50. B. unifasciatus, Steph. Mand. 1. 172.

Oblong, testaceous red, subpubescent. Head with a deep oblong impression on each side, eyes black and prominent. Thorax cordate, much narrowed behind, posterior angles acute, disk with a deep dorsal furrow and a transverse impression and two fovese at the base. Elytra oblong, rounded at the shoulders, finely punctate-striated, with two impressions on the third stria, interstices obsoletely punctulated and pubescent, disk with a common fuscous or blue-black patch behind the middle; legs paler testaceous. Length 2^ lines.

Frequents humid places in Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and midland counties, and in the London district. Meadows by the Trent near Newark ; Vale of Towey ; islands of the Ouse in Bedfordshire, &c.

2. T. micros : elongatus, testaceus ; thorace subcordato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris subparallelis, subtiliter punctato- striatis, interstitiis subtilissime punctulatis, pubescentibus ; antennis pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus micros, Herbst, Archiv, 142. 60.

Trechus micros, Sturm, D. F. 6. 82.— Dej. Spec. 5. 5 ; Icou. 4. 289. pi. 203.— Erichson, Kafer, 120.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 119. Blemus micros, Curtis, Ent. pi. 310. — Steph. Manual, p. 50. Carabus rubens, Dufts. Faun. 2. 112. Blemus rubens, Steph. Mand. 1. 172.

Narrower and more elongate than the preceding species and of a duller testaceous colour. Head dusky, rather depressed, with a fovea on each side, palpi and antennae testaceous red. Thorax subcordate, rounded at the anterior angles and rather dilated, obliquely narrowed behind, posterior angles right angles, base with two fovea?. Elytra oblong, somewhat parallel, faintly striated, pubescent, with two impressions, one before and the other behind the middle, interstices very minutely and densely punctulated, each elytron with a dusky cloud towards the apex ; legs testaceous. Length 2 lines.

Local. " Lambeth, Chelsea and Hackney marshes ; Windsor ; Thruxton, Hants ; Carlisle ; the Vale of Towey in South Wales ; banks of the Trent, near Newark ; " Berwickshire ; " Falkirk, Paisley, Mull, Glasgow." Murray's Catalogue.

. — TRECHUS. 167

3. T. longicornis : elongatus, rufo-brunneus ; thorace cordato,

postice utrinque obsolete foveolato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris subparallelis, striis tribus dorsalibus distinctis, externis obsoletis ; antennis pedibusque testaceis.

Sturm, D. F. 6. 83. pi. 151.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 119. Blemus longicornis, Steph. Mand. 1. 172, et Manual, p. 50. Trechus littoralis, Dej. Spec. 5. 7; Icon. 4. 290. pi. 103.

Elongate, narrow, reddish brown. Head obscure black, with two curved impressions approximating in front, and forming an elevated ridge on each side behind the eyes, the latter rather small ; palpi and antennae testaceous. Thorax separated from the hinder part of the body by a short collar or neck, cordate, posterior angles right angles, disk with the usual dorsal furrow terminating before and behind in a transverse impression, base with two fovese. Elytra somewhat parallel, disk flattish and very finely striated, the three strise nearest the suture rather more distinct, the sutural one disappears just before the extre- mity, the second and third reach to the apex, just before which they form a curve, the fourth stria disappears behind the middle, and the remainder become obsolete before they reach it, on the third stria there is an impression a little behind the middle and another near the apex ; legs testaceous. Length 1| line.

This rare species has hitherto occurred but in one locality in Britain, having been taken from under rejectamenta at the Dudden Sands near Broughton, Lancashire, in June.

4. T. rubens : oblongus, piceus ; thorace subquadrato, postice

utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris oblongo- ovatis, violaceo-micantibus, punctato-striatis, striis externis obsoletis ; antennis pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus rubens, Fab. S. El. 1. 187.

Bembidium paludosum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 34.

Trechus paludosus, Sturm, D. F. 6. 89. — Dej. Spec. 5. 8; Icon.

4. 292. pi. 203.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 120. Blemus paludosus, Steph. Mand. 1. 171, et Manual, p. 50.

Oblong, pitchy or pitchy red, shining. Head depressed, with a deeply impressed stria on each side between the eyes, palpi and antennae red. Thorax subquadrate, sides rounded in front, narrowed behind, posterior angles acute and rather prominent, disk rather convex, the central line terminated in front by a slight impression, the base with two deep fovese. Elytra oblong- ovate, sides wider and more rounded behind the middle, disk a little depressed in front, having a bluish or cyaneous reflection,

168 CARABID.E. TRECHUS.

punctate-striated, the punctured strise rather obsolete on the sides, the outer margins with a few larger impressions behind the shoulders ; body beneath pitchy black, with the apex of the abdomen pale ; legs red. Length 2f lines.

For restoring the Fabrician name to this insect, I have the authority of Erichson, who informs us that he found it so labelled in the Fabrician collection. It occurs in the north of England and in Scotland, and more rarely in Ireland.

5. T. lapidosus : rufo-testaceus, nitidus, capite inter dum piceo,

oculis nigris ; thorace subquadrato, postice utrinque foveo- lato, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris punctato-striatis punc- tisque duobus impressis ; antennis pedibusque pallidis. (PI. II. f. D, PI. III. f. 3.)

Blemus lapidosus, Dawson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 3. 214 (1849). B. pallidus, Steph. Manual, p. 50.

Above reddish testaceous, paler beneath. Head sometimes pitchy, oblong depressed, with a deep longitudinal impression on each side behind the eyes ; the latter black and depressed, palpi and antennae pale testaceous. Thorax subquadrate, sides mar- gined, rounded below the anterior angles, obliquely narrowed behind, posterior angles acute and prominent, disk flattish with an impressed dorsal line, base depressed, with two wide fovese. Elytra much depressed, punctate-striated, the third interstice with two deeper impressions ; legs pale testaceous. Length 2f lines.

Very local ; near Ventnor, Isle of Wight ; South Shields and Berwick-upon-Tweed. A single specimen has been taken by Mr. Haliday on the shore at Holywood, in Ireland.

6. T. incilis : subtus niger, abdominis apice testaceo, supra

nigro-piceus ; thorace subquadrato, postice utrinque foveo- lato, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris oblong o-ovatis, striis quatuor dorsalibus abbreviatis in singulo impressis ; an- tennarum articulo 2, 3 et 4 basi nigris, reliquis, palpis pedibusque testaceis. (PI. II. f. C.)

Dawson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 3. 213 (1849).

Oblong-ovate, pitchy black. Head with two deep frontal impressions, with an elevated ridge between them ; antennse reddish testaceous, the second, third and fourth joints ringed with black. Thorax subquadrate, sides rounded and acutely margined, contracted behind, posterior angles acute, disk rather

CARABID.E. TRECHUS. 169

convex, with the dorsal line entire, and two deep fovese nearly covering the base. Elytra oblong-ovate, with a cyaneous reflec- tion, rather convex, the disk of each furnished with three coarse abbreviated stria3 and a fourth interrupted and somewhat obsolete, sides and apex smooth, with four or five impressions within the margins, near the humeral angles ; body beneath shining black, with the tip of the abdomen broadly testaceous, legs red. Length 2^ lines.

I captured a pair of this remarkable species at Whittlesea Mere, in July 1847.

7. T. minutus : rufo-piceus ; thorace transversot postice utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, striis quatuor dorsalibus distinctis, externis obsoletis ; antennis pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus minutus, Fab. S. El. 1. 210.

Trechus minutus, Steph. Mand. 1. 169. — Erichson, Kafer, 121.

— Heer, Faun. Helv. 120. Carabus tempestivus, Panz. Faun. 73. 6. Bembidium 4-striatum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 31. Trechus rubens, Clairv. Ent. Helv. 2. 26. — Sturm, D. F. 6. 97.

— Dej. Spec. 5. 12 ; Icon. 4. 296. pi. 204. T. aquaticus, fuscipennis et tristis, Steph. Manual, p. 49. T. Icevis, Steph. Mand. 5. 394.

Var. /3. elytris stria tertid punctis duobus impressis. C. \-striatus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 185. Trechus obtusus, Erichson, Kafer, 122.

Variable in colour, pitchy red or ferruginous, the head usually pitchy black, sometimes also the thorax with the margins reddish. Head with a deep elongate impression on each side, between which and the eye is an elevated fold ; the parts of the mouth and the antennae testaceous. Thorax transverse, the breadth in front greater than the length, the sides rounded below the ante- rior angles, more or less obliquely narrowed behind, posterior angles obtuse, disk very smooth and shining, with a deep dorsal furrow terminating before and behind in an evident depression, the base with a large fovea on each side near the angle. Elytra oblong-ovate, much broader than the thorax, sides rounded and dilated behind the middle, depressed, each with four striae next the suture, the exterior ones more or less obsolete and not reach- ing the apex; the first next the suture forms a bend at the apex, and passing along the margin is carried upwards beyond the next three, presenting the appearance of a regular curve ; under a strong magnifying power the stria appear obsoletely punctured

170 , CARABID.E. TRECHUS.

in some examples, but in others perfectly smooth, and generally there are two distinct impressions on the third stria ; legs testa- ceous. Length 1J line.

Extremely common and abundant everywhere.

(EPAPHIUS, Leach.)

8. T. secalis : ferrugineus ; thorace cordato subgloboso, angulis posticis rotundatis; elytris ovatis, striis quinque dorsalibus punctatis, externis obsoletis ; pedibus pallide testaceis.

Carabus secalis, Payk. Faun. 1. 146. — Dufts. Faun. 2. 62.

Bembidium secale, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 36.

Trechus secalis, Sturm, D. F. 6. 96.— Dej. Spec. 5. 24 ; Icon. 4.

310. pi. 206. — Erichson, Kafer, 122.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 123. Epaphius secalis, (Leach, MSS.), Sam. Ent. Comp. p. 149. —

Steph. Maud. 1 . 172, et Manual, p. 50.

Ferruginous, shining. Head with a deep furrow on each side and an elevated fold on which is a round puncture close to the eyes, which are black, antennae pale testaceous. Thorax cordate, globose, much narrowed behind and so rounded as to leave scarcely any posterior angles, convex, very glabrous and shining, with an impressed dorsal line and with two fovere at the base. Elytra ovate, shoulders rounded, the sides widest behind the middle, each wing-case with five striae next the suture deeply striated till behind the middle, the striae exterior to these slightly marked, the apex and sides smooth, the third stria nearest the suture with two larger impressions, and the margins with a few just below the shoulders; legs pale testaceous. Length 1J line.

This insect is found abundantly in many parts of England, but is rather local : on the coast of Norfolk and the banks of the H umber; midland counties; near Newark; north of En- gland ; Berwickshire ; and in South Wales.

Genus 46. AEPYS, Leach.

Men turn dente media obtuso. Ligula parva, paraglossis tenuibus setisque duabus mediis armatis. Palpi maxillares maxillis mx longiores, articulo ultimo penultimo breviore illo attenuate, labiales articulo ultimo penultimo longitudine aquali attenuato. Mandibula? porrectcK, intus acute tridenticulatte, denticulis distantibus. Labrum profunde emarginatum. Tarsi ante- riores articulo penultimo subtus spind incurvd armati, singulis subtus pubescentibus.

1. A. marinus : apterus, depressus, pallide flavus, subpubescens ;

CARABID^E. — AEPYS. 171

thorace cordato, angulis posticis subrectis; elytris oblongis, subparallelis, obsoletissime striatis punctisque tribus vel duobus impressis.

Cicindela marina, Strom. Act. Hafn. (1783) p. 63. f. 8. Aepus fulvescens, (Leach, MSS.) Sam. Ent. Comp. p. 149. — Curtis, Ent. pi. 203.— Steph. Mand. 1. 1 74, et Manual, p. 51 . Trechus fulvescens, Dej. Spec. 5. 27; Icon. 4. 311. pi. 206.

Wingless, very depressed, subpubescent, pale ochreous yellow, paler beneath. Head very large, with a deep curved impression on each side ; eyes minute and black. Thorax cordate, truncate in front, sides obliquely narrowed to the base, which is con- tracted and has two obsolete fovese, hinder angles not quite rectangular, but more or less obtuse. Elytra oblong, humeral angles rounded, sides rather parallel, disk irregularly and more or less obsoletely punctulated and striated, generally with two or three more distinct impressions ; legs pale. Length 1 line.

" Taken in plenty on the southern coast of Devonshire, beneath stones at the mouths of the rivers Tamar and Yealm; and at Tamarton, Bantham and Kingsbridge." Dr. Leach. Berwick- upon-Tweed. " Ballyhuish Ferry, Scotland." Mr. Curtis. Found in great abundance also by my friend Mr. Adam White, at South Queensferry, at low water, in the interstices of the stratified sandstone into which silt had been washed by the tide. " Strang- ford Lough, Ireland." Mr. Holiday.

2. A. Robinii : apterus, depressus, pallide flavus, subpubescens ; thorace cordato , angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, Isevigatis, punctisque tribus vel duobus impressis.

Trechus Robinii, Lab. Ann. Soc. Ent. (2nd series) 7. 35. pi. 2.

This insect, which bears a close affinity to the preceding, differs in the following particulars. The posterior angles of the thorax are more rotundate ; the elytra are more narrowed and rounded in front and the sides are distinctly rounded instead of being parallel ; the mandibles are less prominent ; and the spine beneath the penultimate joint of the anterior tarsus is shorter and less curved; the entire upper surface is likewise more glabrous and shining. Mons. Laboulbene, in the seventh volume of the " Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France," has fully described the species from examples captured near Boulogne. I have received specimens from Scotland of both insects, which will probably be found mixed up in collections. Mr. Wollaston

172 CARABINE. BLEMUS.

took three or four in my presence from a salt marsh in the Isle of Portland, which correspond with the present insect ; and my friend Mr. Guyon secured a single example on the sea-shore at Ventnor.

Subfam. 5. BEMBIDIDES, Westwood.

The genus Bembidium, first established by Latreille, is now generally re-adopted to comprehend that little group of insects of semi-aquatic habits, which, upon the authority of Megerle and Ziegler, had been subdivided under the names Tachys, Notaphus, Peryphus, Lopha, Leja, Tachypus and Blemus, to which have been added by our British entomologists Cillenus, Ocys, Philoc- thus and Lymnaum, because the characters upon which these subdivisions are based were considered insufficient to warrant the establishment of distinct genera. Of these, Blemus, Lym- nceum and Cillenus are represented by solitary types of a very remarkable character, which, from their general habit of passing a considerable portion of their existence (more especially the insect which represents the latter genus) in a state of submersion, nearly approximate to Aepys, and form, in fact, a valuable con- necting link between the Trechi and the true Bembidia. Between Cillenus and the other Bembidia no material variation of internal structure is observable, but the insects which represent Blemus (PI. III. f. 1) and Lymrueum (PL III. f. 2) differ from them in several particulars, and I have consequently ventured to retain them as distinct genera. It is questionable, indeed, whether they might not, with equal propriety, be placed among the Trechi, more especially the remarkable species which represents the genus Blemus, as it more nearly resembles the typical cha- racters of Trechus in the ligula, paraglossae and palpi ; the apical joint of the labial and maxillary palpi, though shorter than the preceding, being more than double the length of the correspond- ing one in Bembidium. In fact, M. Jacquelin-Duval has excluded it from his monograph on the European Bembidia on those grounds.

Genus 47. BLEMUS, Ziegler.

Mentum lateribus valde rotundato-dilatatis, dente medio integro. Ligula lata membranacea apice subrotundata ; paraglossis linearibus ligulam multum superantibus. Palpi maxillares articulo secundo margins externo inflato, penultimo elongate incrassato paululum securiformi, labiales articulo penultimo subovali, ultimis gracillimis subelongatis at penultimis brevi- oribus. Maxillae graciles, acutce, lobo interno intus spinuloso-

CARABID^I. BLEMUS. 173

ciliata, externo biarticulato, articulo secundo dimidio breviore. Mandibulae arcuatte, acute, intus in medio tridenticulata. Labrum minutum, antice profunde emarginatum, postice for liter coarctatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis duobus dilatatis, primo triangularly secundo obcordiformi, introrsum dilatatis, articulo penultimo subtus in utroque sexu spind incurvd armato.

1. B.areolatus: nigro-piceus,depressus; thorace oblong o -cor data postice coarctato unistriatoque, angulis posticis acutiusculis ; elytris elongatis, parallelis, subpubescentibus, plagd media rufo-ferrugined, punctato-striatis, punctisque duobus im- pressis ; antennis basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Carabus areolatus, Creutz. Ent. Ver. 115.

Bembidium areolatum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 155. — Dej. Spec. 5. 37;

Icon. 4. 322. pi. 207.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 123. Lymnceum areolatum, Steph. Manual, p. 52. L. depressum, Steph. Mand. 2. 3.

Oblong, depressed, pitchy black, sometimes reddish. Head with an elongate curved impression on each side enclosing the eyes ; labrum, palpi and two joints at the base of the antennae red, the rest of the antennae brownish. Thorax oblong, heart- shaped, much contracted behind, posterior angles rather acute, disk with a deeply impressed dorsal furrow and a stria on each side at the base. Elytra depressed, elongate, sides parallel, finely pubescent, pitchy, with a red patch common to both across the middle, more or less distinct, punctate-striated, the punctured striae effaced at the apex, the third interstice with two impressions; legs red. Length 1J line.

Rare : Dudden Sands, near Broughton-in-Furness, Lanca- shire; and at the confluence of the Conway and Llugwy in North Wales.

Genus 48. LYMN-ffiUM, Stephens.

Mentuin lateribus mediocriter dilatato-rotundatis, dente medio integro. Ligula mediocris, membranacea, apice subrotundata ; paraglossis gracilibus ligulam superantibus. Palpi maxillares articulo secundo gracili, penultimo inflato, labiales articulo penultimo incrassato, ultimis subuliformibus penultimis brevi- oribus. Maxillae graciles, lobo apicali intus spinulis armato, lobo externo biarticulato, articulo basali dimidio breviore. Mandibulse porrectce, conica, apice acuto infiexo, intus ad

174 CAR^BID^:. LYMN^UM.

basin sub-bidenticulata. Labrum breve, transversum, antice subemarginatum. Tarsi antici maris articulis duobus dila- tatis, articulo p.enultimo subtus in utroque sexu spind incurvd armato.

1 . L. nigropiceum : nigro-piceum, nitidum, thorace subcordato, postice fortiter coarctatoy utrinque profunde impresso, an- gulis posticis acutiusculis ; elytris elongatis subparallelis, profunde striatis, punctis duobus impressis ; antennis pedi- busque ferrugineis.

Carabus nigropiceus, Mar sham, Ent. 468.

Lymnceum nigropiceum, Steph. Mand. 2. 3, et Manual, p. 51.

Bembidium sulcatulum, Chaud. Carab. p. 233 (1846).

Oblong, wingless, depressed, pitchy black, sometimes with a rusty hue. Head large, flattened, with two deep longitudinal frontal furrows; antennae long, and, together with the palpi, rusty red. Thorax heart-shaped, wider than the head, sides rounded below the anterior angles, much contracted behind, posterior angles rather acute, base with two deeply impressed fovese. Elytra rounded off at the shoulders, the sides almost parallel, disk depressed, deeply striated, the striae deepest next the suture, all of them entire, with some of the marginal ones distinctly though finely punctured, the interstice between the third and fourth striae furnished with two deep impressions, one about the centre and the other nearer the apex ; legs red. Length 2 lines.

This species is rare; in 1845—6 I found it in some abundance among the fine shingle on the sea-beach at Ventnor and Steep - hill, Isle of Wight ; since which time it had not occurred till 1852, when Mr. Guyon again procured it in the last-named locality. M. Chaudoir found it in the Crimea ; and it is not a little remarkable that it has been discovered only in these two localities, so widely remote from each other.

Genus 49. BEMBIDIUM, Latreille.

Mentum dente media integro. Ligula apice jsubrotundata ; para- glossis sublinearibus, eamparum super antibus. Palpi articulo penultimo maximo, obconico, ultimo minutissimo, acuto^ subu- liformi. Mandibulse arcuata, acuia. Labrum breve, trans- versum. Tarsi antici maris articulis duobus dilatatis, primo maximo, quadra to.

CARA BID^;. BEMBIDIUM.

(CiLLENUS, Leach.)

175

1. B. laterale : capite thoraceque viridi-seneis, hoc cordato postice for tit er coarctato; elytris elongatis,parallelis,ftavo-testaceis seneo infuscatis, striatis, striis obsolete punctatis, punctis quatuor impressis ; antennis basi pedibmque pallide tes- taceis.

Cillenus later alls (Leach, MSS.), Sam.Ent.Comp.p. 148(1819). Cillenum laterale, Curtis, Ent. 200 (1828).— Steph. Mand. 2.4,

et Manual, p. 52.

Bembidium laterale, Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 213 (1851). B. Leachii, Dej. Spec. 5. 36 ; Icon. 4. 320. pi. 207.

Wings rudimentary. Head and thorax brassy green, slightly coppery, the former large, with a roughish fovea on each side en- closing an elevated space on the crown very smooth, shining and coppery; eyes large and prominent; mandibles and antennae reddish, three joints at the base of the latter together with the palpi testaceous. Thorax heart-shaped, in front broad from angle to angle, thence gradually rounded and narrowed towards the base, where it becomes much contracted, posterior angles small and acutely elevated, the extremities of the base being sloped towards them, disk convex, with an impressed central furrow, the surface on each side faintly reticulated and very minutely wrinkled throughout, the entire base depressed and somewhat rugose. Elytra elongate, sides parallel, apex obtuse, disk rather depressed, finely but distinctly striated, the striae entire and very obscurely punctured, the third interstice with four deeper impressions, yellowish testaceous at the base and on the margins, with an obscure metallic fuscous cloud behind ex- tending more or less upwards ; underside brassy black, legs pale testaceous. Length 1J line.

This species is recognized by its elongate and parallel form, its short moniliform antennae and prominent mandibles. It is a local species, but occurs in great profusion near Liverpool and on the sands by the Chesil beach in the Isle of Portland when the tide is out. It is likewise found on the shores of the Firth of Forth sparingly, and in abundance on the shores of the Clyde at Kilpatrick, as well as on the eastern coast of Ireland.

(TACHYS, Ziegler.)

2. B. scutellare : capite thoraceque brunneo-nigris, hoc subqua- drato, postice subangustato, angulis posticis obtusiusculis ; elytris oblongis, subparallelis, obsolete striatis, striis externis

176 CARABID^E. — BEMBIDIUM.

deletis, testaceo-lividis macula suturali communi fusca ; antennis basi pedibusque testaceis.

Trechus scutellaris, Germ. Archiv, 2. f. 1. 11 (1829). Tachys scutellaris, Steph. Mand. 2. 5 (1829), et Manual, p. 52. Bembidium scutellare, Dej. Spec. 5. 39 ; Icon. 4. 324. pi. 207. — Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 209.

Head and thorax black or brownish black, antennae pitchy with the base testaceous. Thorax subquadrate, sides a little rounded below the anterior angles,, narrowed behind the middle and obliquely sloped towards the posterior angles which are obtuse but rather elevated, disk convex, smooth and shining, the dorsal furrow terminating in front in a triangular impressed space, the base depressed and with a fovea near each angle. Elytra rather straight in front, with the humeral angles obtuse but not narrowed, sides almost parallel, disk depressed, livid testaceous, writh the scutellum and a triangular patch at the base of the suture fuscous, the rest of the surface being sometimes more or less clouded, generally with the lateral margins and a patch behind (in rarer examples entirely) fuscous, the disk is likewise rudimentally striated and very obsoletely punctulated on some of the half- effaced fragments of striae near the suture, three of which are frequently more evident, each elytron has also an impression about the middle ; legs testaceous, femora dusky. Length 1£ line.

Abundant in the salt marshes at Lymington and at Christ- church, Hants.

3. B. bistriatum : piceum, inter dum flavescens ; thorace subqua- drato,postice subangustato, angulis posticis subrectis; elytris oblong o-ovatis, dorso bistriatis, interstitio quarto puncto impressis ; antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis.

Elaphrus bistriatus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 205.

Bembidium bistriatum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 152. pi. 160. — Dej.

Spec. 5. 42 ; Icon. 4. 327. pi. 207.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 123.

— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 205. Cillenum minimum, Curtis, Ent. 200. note. Tachys minutissimus, Steph. Mand. 2. 7, et Manual, p. 53. T. maritimus, Steph. Manual, p. 52.

Pitchy brown, sometimes paler. Head with the usual stria? between the eyes, which are black, mouth, base of the palpi and of the antennae testaceous. Thorax subquadrate, narrower than the elytra, somewhat obliquely contracted towards the hinder angles, which are elevated but a little obtuse, base with two foveae. Elytra oblong-ovate, disk with two distinct striae next the suture,

CARABID.E. — BEMBIDIUM. 177

which are a little waved as they approach the extremity and exterior to these with the vestiges of other abbreviated or broken striae, the fourth of which has an impression in front, the sides and apex smooth ; legs testaceous. Length f line.

Scarce, but found occasionally on the coast of South Wales ; at Hyde, and on a broken sandy undercliif between Luccombe and Shanklin, Isle of Wight.

4. B. obtusum : capite thoraceque nigro-piceis, hoc transverso, lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris ob- longo-ovatis, obscure viridi-cyaneis, punctato-striatis, striis externis obsoletis ; antennarum basi tibiis tarsisque testaceis, femoribus brunneis.

Sturm, D. F. 6. 165. pi. 161.— Dej. Spec. 5. 177 ; Icoii. 4. 443. pi. 222.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 136.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 182.

Tachys obtusus, Steph. Mand. 2. 6, et Manual, p. 52. T. immunis, pusillus et gracilis, Steph. Mand. 2. 6, et Manual, p. 52.

Head and thorax pitchy black, sometimes obscurely brassy, base of the antennae testaceous. Thorax transverse, broad, sides dilated and rounded, scarcely narrowed behind, but with the base almost as wide as the anterior margin, posterior angles obtuse but elevated, disk convex, very smooth and shining, dorsal furrow slender, base narrowly depressed and furnished with two deep foveae close to the hinder margin. Elytra oblong-ovate, broader than the thorax, convex, punctate- striated, one or two striae nearest the suture carried to the apex, the others abbreviated before the apex, which exterior to these is smooth, the lateral striae likewise very obsolete, the third interstice has two impres- sions, the surface is entirely pitchy black, sometimes with an obscure greenish or bluish tinge and not unfrequently more or less pitchy rust-colour, perhaps the result of a less degree of maturity ; legs red with the femora generally pitchy. Length

Tachys immunis, pusillus and gracilis, Steph., belong to this species ; the latter is a smaller example. It is generally distributed.

(OcYS, Kirby.) ,

5. B. 5-striatum : capite thoraceque nigro-piceis, hoc transverso, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, obscure viridi-cyaneis, punctato-striatis, striis externis obsoletis ; antennis pedibusque testaceis.

178 CARABID.E. BEMBIDIUM.

Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 34 (1810) et 4. 413.— Erichson, Kafer, 131.

—Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 185.

Elaphrus pumilio, Dufts. Faun. 2. 214 (1812).

Bembidium pumilio, Sturm, D. F. 6. 148. pi. 159. — Dej. Spec.

5. 48; Icon. 4. 330. pi. 208.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 124. Ocys currens, Steph. Mand. 2. 10, et Manual, p. 53.

Head and thorax pitchy black, obscurely bronzed, the former channeled on each side ; antennae and palpi reddish testaceous, penultimate joint of the latter dusky. Thorax transverse, sides rounded, lateral margins elevated, especially behind, posterior angles not quite rectangular but a little obtuse, dorsal furrow entire, base narrowly depressed, with two large foveae. Elytra oblong-ovate, rounded at the shoulders, widest behind the middle, disk punctate-striated, the two striae nearest the suture entire, then three more abbreviated, the rest rudimentary or nearly obliterated, apex and sides smooth, the third interstice with an impression behind, the entire surface pitchy black, sometimes rusty, with an obscure greenish or cyaneous reflection; under- side ferruginous, legs reddish testaceous. Length 2 lines.

Not common : found chiefly in sandy localities ; Isle of Wight ; Hastings ; Ockham Park near Bipley ; Battersea fields ; midland and eastern counties ; Maplethorpe, Lincolnshire ; Castle Eden Dene ; near Edinburgh, Fife and Dollar, &c. ; rarely in Ireland.

6. B. rufescens : ferrugineum ; thorace transverse lateribus late marginato, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris ovatis, subcyaneo- micantibus, punctato-striatis, striis externis obsoletis ; an- tennis pedibusque testaceis.

Tachis rufescens, Gue'rin, Note Topog. 123 (1823). Bembidium rufescens, Dej. Spec. 5. 47 ; Icon. 4. 329. pi. 208. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 123.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 187. Ocys melanocephalus, Steph. Mand. 2. 10, et Manual, p. 53. O. tempestivus, Steph. Mand. 2. 11, et Manual, p. 54.

Rusty red. Head often more or less pitchy, with a rough channel on each side ; palpi and antennae testaceous. Thorax short, transverse, about as wide behind as in front, sides rounded and widest about the middle and broadly margined, hinder angles acute, the dorsal line strongly marked, the anterior impression which meets it fine, the posterior one forming a depression which carries a few minute punctures between the two large basal foveae. Elytra ovate, rather clouded and with an iridescent tinge, punctate-striated, the three punctured striae nearest the suture deepest, the sides and apex smooth, the third interstice with an impression, the eighth with a raised fold and a depression by the

CARABID.E. BEMBIDIUM. 179

side of it at the extremity ; underside and the legs pale. Length 2$ lines.

Local, but widely distributed and frequently abundant ; rare in Ireland.

(PHILOCTHUS, Stephens.)

7. B. biguttatum : nigro-subaneum ; thorace transverso, lateri- bus rotundato, basi pone angulos emarginato, angulis posticis subrotundatis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, disco fortiter punctato-striatis, macula apicali antennarum basi pedibus- que rufo-testaceis.

Carabus biffuttatus, Fab. Mant. 1. 205 (1787).— Fab. S. El. 1.

208. Bembidium biguttatum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 28. — Dej. Spec. 5.

180 ; Icon. 4. 446. pi. 222.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 137.— Jacq.-

Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 174.

Philocthus biffuttatus, Steph. Mand. 2. 8, et Manual, p. 53. P.fuscipes, Steph. Mand. 2. 8, et Manual, p. 53. Var. /3. viridi-seneum, elytrorum macula apicali antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis. Bembidium biguttatum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 162. pi. 161. — Erichson,

Kafer, 131.

B. vulneratum, Dej. Spec. 5. 182 ; Icon. 4. 448. pi. 222. Philocthus subfenestratus, Steph. Mand. 2. 8, et Manual, p. 53.

Above brassy black, sometimes greenish black, shining; antenna pitchy black, with the base testaceous. Thorax trans- verse, rounded at the sides, not strictly speaking narrowed be- hind, but so rounded as to give it in a great measure that appearance, the posterior margin distinctly emarginate behind the angles which are somewhat rounded (PL II. f. 7), disk moderately convex, the dorsal furrow intersected by numerous fine transverse wrinkles and terminated before and behind in distinct impressions, the anterior one minutely strigose, the posterior one more distinct and somewhat rugose, the base also with an oblique deeply impressed fovea on each side. Elytra oblong-ovate, deeply striated near the suture, less deeply on the sides, all the strise punctured, but the apex smooth, and with a round testaceous red spot near the outer margin more or less distinct; underside black, legs reddish testaceous. Length 2 lines.

This species may be distinguished from both teneum and guttula, by the more rotundate hinder part of the thorax, though some examples scarcely exceed the latter in size. It varies also in depth of colour ; some examples have a more decided greenish tinge, and purplish varieties occasionally occur.

It is generally distributed and abundant.

N 2

180 CARABID2E. — BEMBIDIUM.

8. B. eeneum : nigro-aneum ; thorace breviore, transverse, basi

pone angulos emarginato, angulis posticis obtusiusculis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, subtiliter punctato-striatis ; antennis pedibusque nigro-brunneis, femoribus obscure amis.

Germ. Spec. Nov. 1. 28 (1824). — Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10.

176.

Philocthus aneus, Steph. Mand. 2. 7 (1829), et Manual, p. 53. Bembidium biguttatum, var. A., Dej. Spec. 5. 180. B. marinum, Schiodte, Dan. El. p. 333.

This insect is of an obscure bronze colour and rather smaller than biguttatum. Head narrower and more convex, the frontal furrows less deeply impressed and the longitudinal space between them broader, smooth and shining, palpi and antennae obscurely black, the basal joint of the latter sometimes pitchy, all the joints more robust than in biguttatum. Thorax decidedly shorter and more transverse, the lateral margins more reflexed and elevated at the posterior angles, which are consequently more evident, the base being emarginate below them, the dorsal furrow fine and met in front by a distinct depression, the disk being also faintly wrinkled, but not rugose at the base, which has on each side a narrow deep oblique fovea. Elytra oblong-ovate, not wide in front, as in the allied species, but somewhat narrowed at the angles which are more rounded off, the sides being likewise more rounded, the disk more finely punctate-striated and the punctured striae less effaced towards the apex ; the underside of the body and legs bronzed black. In some examples which I possess, possibly offering less degrees of maturity, the elytra are brownish black and there are indistinct traces of a pale spot behind, with the apex also slightly rusty, as well as the legs and basal joint of the antennas, but these examples have still the same short thorax and finely punctate striae of the elytra which distinguish the species.

This insect is found upon the coast ; very abundantly in the north of England ; on the shores of the H umber ; and near Brid- port, Dorset, &c. Also in Ireland.

9. B. guttula : nigro-subcmeum ; thorace brevi transverso, angulis

posticis obtusis; elytris oblongo-ovatis, punctato-striatis, macula apicali antennarum basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Carabus guttula, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 166.— Fab. S. El. 1. 208. Bembidium guttula, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 27. — Dej. Spec. 5. 178 ; Icon. 4. 444. pi. 222.— Jacq.-Duv. Ami. Soc. Ent. 10. 179. Philocthus guttula, Steph. Mand. 2. 9, et Manual, p. 53.

CARABID^E. BEMBIDIUM. 181

Tachys binotatus, Steph. Mand. 2. 5, et Manual, p. 52. T. vittatus, Steph. Mand. 2. 5, et Manual, p. 52. Var. /3. 5Wj9r<i niffro-piceum, thorace lateribus rotundato, elytris

immaculatis. Philocthus hcemorrhous, Steph. Mand. 2. 9, et Manual, p. 53.

Bronzed black, antennae dusky, with some of the joints at the base rusty red. Thorax transverse, short, with the sides less rounded, and wider behind than in biguttatum, the base sub- emarginate behind the angles, which are obtuse and more evident (PL II. f. 8), the dorsal furrow slight, the transverse impressions distinctly marked, the basal fovese large and deep. Elytra ob- long-ovate, strongly punctate-striated on the disk, sides and apex smooth, the third interstice with the usual impressions, the exterior margin with a round testaceous spot before the apex; underside black, legs reddish testaceous. Length 1^ line.

Tachys binotatus and vittatus, Steph., are perfectly identical with this species, of which Philocthus htemorrhous, Steph., is a permanent variety.

Very common.

(PERYPHUS, Megerle.}

10. B. femoratum : nigro-aneum, subvirescens ; thorace subcor- dato, basi obsolete punctulato, utrinque foveolato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, punctato-striatis} striis externis obsoletis, maculis duabus magnis antennarum basi pedibusque testaceiSj femoribus obscuris.

Sturm, D. F. 6. 117.pl. 155.— Dej. Spec. 5. 116; Icon. 4. 383. pi. 214.— Erichson, Kafer, 130.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 129.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 131.

Peryphus femoratus, Steph. Mand. 2. 12, et Manual, p. 54. P. maritimus, Steph. Mand. 5. 385, et Manual, p. 54.

Head and thorax brassy brown, or brassy black, more rarely with a greenish tinge ; palpi and antennse obscure, two joints at the base of the latter testaceous red. Thorax subcordate, sides moderately rounded below the anterior angles, more narrowed behind than in either of the two following species, posterior angles nearly rectangular, disk convex, very glossy, having a slender dorsal furrow much wrinkled transversely and met by the usual impression in front which is finely marked, the base however with a considerable depression and faintly rugose or occasionally sub- punctate between the basal fovese which are deeply impressed. Elytra oblong-ovate, with the sides very slightly curved, so as to appear at first view somewhat parallel, moderately but distinctly punctate- striated on the disk, more slightly so on the sides, the

182 CARABID^E. BEMBIDIUM.

seventh stria being very indistinct, more frequently quite obsolete and the apex entirely smooth, the colour is obscure brassy black or brassy brown, with an oblong testaceous patch on each shoulder and a smaller roundish or oblique one (sometimes connected there- with externally) before the apex ; legs testaceous, femora pitchy at their base. Length 2^ lines.

This species is distinguishable from the three following by its narrower, more elongate and more convex form. The thorax especially is narrower, less dilated at the sides before the middle, which gives it that narrower appearance ; the colour also is usually brassy black, whereas in concinnum and littorale the brassy green predominates, which is only seen in occasional examples of femo- ratum so distinctly. The elytra are more elongate and the sides more parallel, partaking less of the ovate form than in the next species, being also more finely punctate- striated and having the testaceous spots larger and clearer.

P. maritimus of the Stephensian collection is represented by examples of this species mixed up with others of littorale. I have examined the single example of P. maritimus in the late Mr. Rudd's collection (now in the Museum of the York Philo- sophical Institution), and find that it is a somewhat aberrant individual of the present species with the thorax rather greener ; I therefore give maritimus as synonymous with B. femoratum. All the examples in the Stephensian cabinet which stand under the name P. concinnus are likewise perfectly identical with this insect ; but the descriptions given by the late Mr. Stephens of P. concinnus, Kirby, as well as the examples standing under that name in the Kirbian collection, correspond with the insect recorded in this work as B. concinnum.

Commonly distributed.

11. B. Bruxellense : viridi-ceneum ; thorace brevi subcordato, basi distincte punctulato ; elytris oblong o-ovatis, fortiter punctato-striatiSj striis externis obsoletis, maculis duabus magnis antennarum basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis, femori- bus obscuris.

Wesmael, Bull. Acad. p. 47 (1835).— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent.

10. 130.

B. femoratum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 406.

B. obscurum, Redt. Faun. Aust. 111.

Rather larger and considerably darker than the preceding species. Head broader, more coarsely foveated ; antennae brownish black, the basal joint alone entirely and merely the base of some of the following joints red. Thorax usually greener bronze,

CARABID^E. BEMBIDIUM. 183

evidently broader, less convex, posterior angles more acute, the dorsal furrow and transverse impressions more strongly marked, and the depression of the base running into the basal fovese, which are much larger, the space between them being not merely subpunctate, but. impressed with a distinct punctuation. Elytra broader, the sides less parallel, the punctured striae more strongly impressed, the testaceous red spots being also smaller and more obscure; legs red, femora dusky. Length 2^ lines.

Not uncommon at Whittlesea Mere ; it had also been taken by Mr. Curtis many years ago, and stands in his cabinet under the MS. name palustris. Mr. Haliday includes this insect among the species captured by him in Ireland; and it is stated by Mr. Murray to be not rare in Scotland.

12. B. concinimm : viridi-aneum ; thorace brevi subcordato, basi obscure rugoso ; elytris oblongis, subparallelis, fortiter punctato-striatiSj striis externis obsoletis, pallide testaceis, macula suturali lata in medio dilatata fusco-senea; an- tennis palpis pedibusque pallide testaceis.

Peryphus concinnus (Kirby), Steph. Mand. 2. 12 et 5. 385, et

Manual, p. 54. Bembidium concinnum, Putz. Stett. Ent. p. 138. — Jacq.-Duv.

Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 139.

This insect is broader and more depressed than either of the two preceding and more parallel than Bruxellense. Head and thorax distinctly green, somewhat brassy; palpi and antennae entirely pale testaceous. Thorax shorter, wider and less convex than in femoratum, the disk very much wrinkled transversely, the base somewhat rugose and subpunctate, the posterior angles slightly acute. Elytra (PL II. f. 13) oblong, sides rather parallel, disk deeply punctate-striated, the punctures very evident, the margins and apex smooth, pale testaceous, with a broad brassy brown longitudinal stripe down the suture, extending about as far as the outside of the third interstice in width, expanding about the middle but not reaching so far as the outer margin, then contracting again as it approaches the apex, assuming altogether somewhat the appearance of a cross placed in the centre, but leaving the outer margins of the wing-cases always entirely pale testaceous ; legs likewise pale testaceous. Length 2 J lines.

The individuals placed under this name in the Kirbian collec- tion perfectly correspond with the species here described, with which also Stephens' s descriptions correspond, though the sup- posed examples in his cabinet must be referred to femoratum.

184 CARABIDJ5. BEMBIDIUM.

This species is found in salt marshes and estuaries, and on the banks of tidal rivers, as well as on the sea-shore, often in great abundance, and is widely distributed. Banks of the Der- went, Tyne and Tees; Barmouth; shores of the Thames at Richmond, &c. ; estuary of the Shannon at Limerick.

13. B. littorale : capite thoraceque viridi-aneis ; thorace sub-

cordato postice punctulato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, dorso profunde punctato-str,iatis, nigro-aneis, maculis duabus magnis antennarum basi palpis pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Carabus littoralis, Oliv. Ent. 3. 1 1 0 ( 1 795) .— Marsham, Ent.452. Peryphus littoralis, Steph. Mand. 2. 13, et Manual, p. 54. B. rupestre, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 19, et 4. App. 405.— Dej. Spec. 5. Ill ; Icon. 4. 377.pl. 213.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 129. B. Andrece, Erichson, Kafer, 129. B. ustulatum, Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 143. Peryphus tetraspilotus, Steph. Mand. 5. 385. P. elegans, Steph. Mand. 5. 386, et Manual, p. 54.

Head and thorax brassy green ; antennae with three joints at the base testaceous, the remainder dusky, palpi testaceous with the penultimate joint occasionally somewhat pitchy. Thorax rounded at the sides almost to the base, then suddenly narrowed, but straight just before the angle so as to form with the base a right angle, moderately convex, dorsal furrow much wrinkled transversely, the base depressed and very distinctly punctured, the punctures extending a little way up the dorsal furrow, and with two large foveas also punctured. Elytra oblong-ovate, ob- scure bronze with two large testaceous red patches on each, one upon the shoulder oblong and extending backwards nearly to the middle of the elytra, the other nearer the apex placed obliquely, the punctured striae deeply impressed, but disappearing before the apex, the lateral ones less evident, the third interstice with the usual deep impressions ; legs pale testaceous. Length 2£ lines.

P. tetraspilotus, Steph., belongs to this species ; and P. elegans, Steph., appears to be a variety with pitchy black femora.

Very common.

14. B. fluviatile : viridi-aneum, convexum ; thorace oblongo-

cordato, postice angustato; elytris elongato-ovatis,/or^Ver punctato-striatis, nigro-aneis, maculis duabus magnis an- tennarum basi pedibusque testaceis. (PI. III. f. B.)

Dej. Spec. 5. 113 ; Icon. 4. 379. pi. 213.— Heer, Faun. Helv. p. 129.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 142.

This species is more elongate and convex than littorale. Head

CARABID.E. BEMBIDIUM. 185

narrower, antennae longer, smoother at the base, the penultimate joint of the palpi pitchy. Thorax very convex, narrow, oblong- cordate, contracted behind, the dorsal furrow finer, the transverse impression in front only slightly strigose, the basal fovese smaller and the space between them more delicately punctured. Elytra more elongate and convex, the punctured strise more distinct on the sides, the exterior one being very evident, but the punctures disappear from all the striae sooner as they approach the apex which is quite smooth, the testaceous spots are similar and the legs are also pale. Length 3 lines.

This insect is for the first time introduced into the British fauna from a fine series of specimens received from Mr. Hadfield, of Newark, who captured them on the banks of the Trent at Kelham.

15. B. lunatum : viridi-ceneum ; thorace brevi subcordato, basi punctulato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, profunde punctato-stri- atiSj macula communi postica semilunata antennarum basi palpis pedibusque testaceis.

Elaphrus lunatus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 211.

Bembidium lunatum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 119.— Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4.

App. 405.— Dej. Spec. 5. 108; Icon. 4. 375. pi. 213.—

Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 148. Peryphus lunatus, Steph. Mand. 2. 13. P. ustus, Steph. Mand. 2. 14, et Manual, p. 54.

This species is considerably broader than littorale. Thorax wider and less convex, the sides more dilated and rounded, the base broader and less strongly punctured and the basal fovese less rugged. Elytra about twice the width of the thorax at the base, depressed, profoundly punctate- striated, but the apex smooth, obscure greenish bronze, with a large obliquely-formed or semilunate testaceous spot common to both before the apex ; legs also pale testaceous. Length 3 lines.

P. ustus, Steph., is a mature example of this species. The true C. ustus of Schonherr has not been taken in Britain.

Abundant on the banks of the Irthing and other places in the north of England; on the shores of the Humber; in Norfolk, &c.

16. B. saxatile: obscure viridi-ceneum; thorace subcordato, postice punctulato; elytris oblongis, subparallelis,/or/z/er punctato- striatis, striis omnino integris, maculis duabus magnis rufo- testaceis ; antennis basi pedibusque rufis.

186 CARABID^!. BEMBIDIUM.

Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. App. 406.— Dej. Spec. 5. 119; Icon. 4. 385. pi. 214.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 130.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 125. Peryphus saxatilis, Steph. Mand. 2. 12, et Manual, p. 54.

Above obscure greenish brass. Head and thorax sometimes a little coppery ; base of the palpi and three joints at the base of the antennae testaceous red, the remainder brownish black. Thorax subcordate, rather short, moderately rounded at the sides and narrowed behind, posterior angles right angles, the base depressed, and together with the two deep basal fovese punctured, the dorsal furrow strongly impressed. Elytra oblong, rather narrowest in front, sides somewhat parallel, disk flatter than in the preceding species, strongly punctate-striated, the three or four strise nearest the suture as usual deeper than the rest, but the exterior ones also distinct and all of them carried to the apex, the third interstice with the usual evident impressions, two tes- taceous spots on each elytron, the one at the shoulder extending from the outer margin almost, if not quite, to the suture, the posterior one round and always rather the palest and most con- spicuous; legs reddish testaceous, with the femora sometimes rather obscure. Length 2^ lines.

There is a permanent variety of this species, which I have found in profusion in the Isle of Wight and elsewhere in the south of England, presenting very constant characters. It is more depressed, never narrower in front, the sides therefore more parallel, and the colour is always much paler and the spots larger, that before the apex round and very conspicuous, and the anterior one occasionally expanding over the surface very con- siderably; and it is to be remarked that this paler variety is found only in the south, while the darker examples are confined to the more northern and eastern districts : abundant on the banks of the Tyne and Derwent, &c., as well as in Ireland and Scotland, and occasionally near London : the pale variety all along our southern coasts.

17. B. testaceum : capite thoraceque viridi-aneis ; thorace an- gustiore, subcordato, angulis posticis rectis, aut paululum acutis ; elytris oblongis, subparallelis, punctato-striatis, rufo-testaceis, sutura distincte fasciaque sinuata postica obsoletissime virescentibus; antennis basi pedibusque rufo- testaceis.

Elaphrus testaceus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 214. Bembidium testaceum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 139. pi. 157. B. obsoletum, Dej. Spec. 5. 118; Icon. 4. 384. pi. 214. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 130.— Redt. Faun. Aust. 111.

CARABIDJE. BEMBIDIUM. 187

B. tricolor, var. C., Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 121. Peryphus neglectus, Dawson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 3. 214 (1849).

Head and thorax dark metallic green and shining, palpi testa- ceous, with the penultimate joint slightly testaceous brown, the antennae fuscous black, with the basal, second, third and basal half of the fourth joints pale testaceous, all the joints except the second rather long. Thorax subcordate, rather narrow, sides rounded, posterior angles right angles, sometimes more acute and prominent, disk convex, base depressed and punctured more or less between the basal fovea?, which are also punctate within. Elytra oblong, wide, twice as broad as the thorax at the base, humeral angles a little rounded, but not narrowed, sides parallel, disk deeply punctate-striated, the outer stria? obsolete and the apex smooth, the third interstice with the usual impressions; the whole surface suffused with reddish testaceous, except the suture which is obscure brassy green and a very indistinct fascia of the same colour behind, but under a powerful magnifying glass the surface appears more or less cloudy rufous with an obscure elongate testaceous patch at the shoulder extending downwards till it almost reaches another nearer the extremity, which slopes obliquely towards the suture and forms with the one on the other elytron a semilunar band; legs testaceous red. Length 2| lines.

M. Jacquelin-Duval has united this insect with Carabus tricolor, Fab., without any doubt. No typical example, however, of that species has been found in Britain. Elaphrus testaceus, Dufts., presents the true characters of our insect ; I have there- fore retained the name.

It is found rarely in the north of England.

18. B. decorum: capite thoraceque viridi-aneis, hoc cordato, postice angustato, basi obsolete punctulato; elytris elongatis, subparallelis, punctato-striatis, viridi-cyaneis ; antennis basi pedibusque rufis.

Carabus decorus, Panz. Faun. 73 (1789-1810). Elaphrus decorus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 207 (1812). Bembidium decorum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 122. — Dej. Spec. 5. 135 ;

Icon. 4. 401. pi. 216. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 132. — Jacq.-Duv

Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 568.

Peryphus viridi-ceneus, Steph. Mand. 2. 15, et Manual, p. 55. P. albipes, Steph. Mand. 5. 386, et Manual, p. 55.

This species is more elongate than any of the other green species which follow it, and also flatter. Head and thorax brassy green, the former has the usual oblong impressions on each side rather rugged, and is distinctly punctured behind the eyes ; the

188 CARABIDJS. — BEMBIDIUM.

bases of the palpi and antennae testaceous, the rest fuscous black. Thorax cordate, moderately rounded at the sides in front, nar- rowed behind, but straight immediately before the angles, which are right angles and slightly prominent, the disk very much but very finely wrinkled, the dorsal furrow strongly impressed, the anterior transverse impression faintly strigose, the basal fovese slightly punctate, and the space between them obsoletely so. Elytra elongate, shoulders very little rounded, sides rather parallel, the disk depressed, brassy green with a bluish reflection, inclining more or less to reddish, strongly but not coarsely punctate-striated, the punctured striae quite ceasing before the extremity and obsolete on the sides, the third interstice with two impressions as usual; the body beneath black, legs red. Length 2f lines.

Peryphus viridi-aneus, Steph., is represented by examples of this species, and P. albipes, Steph., is an immature individual of the same : the true B. albipes, Sturm, has never been found in Britain. P. agilis, Spence, though represented in the Stephens- ian cabinet by specimens of decorum, is identical with B. monti- culum as proved by the examples in the collection of the Ento- mological Society, as well as in that of Mr. Curtis.

This species is very abundant on the gravelly beaches of rivers in Wales and in the north of England, Scotland and Ireland, as well as in the London district.

19. B. Stomoides : viridi-aneum, valde convexum ; thorace oblongo cordato, postice fortiter coarctato punctatoque ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, punctato-striatis, striis postice eva- nescentibus, octava apice profunde impressa; antennis pedibusque testaceis. (PL III. f. A.)

Dej. Spec. 5. 146; Icon. 4. 413. pi. 218.— Eedt. Faun. Aust. 108.

B. albipes, Heer, Faun. Helv. 133.

B. rujlpes, var. A., Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 553.

Above brassy green. Head with two rugose furrows, punc- tured within, antennae and palpi entirely testaceous red, the upper joints of the former duller and darker rust-colour. Thorax oblong, heart-shaped, sides much and regularly rounded in front, considerably contracted behind, posterior angles right angles, very convex, the dorsal furrow much wrinkled trans- versely, terminated before and behind in a deeper impression, the base considerably depressed and strongly punctured between the two very deep punctured foveae, which are placed close within the angles. Elytra oblong-ovate, shoulders very much

. — BEMBIDIUM. 189

rounded, sides also rounded and rather widest behind the middle, disk very convex, deeply punctate-striated, the punctured striae becoming fainter as they approach the extremity, the apex being quite smooth, but the outer strise not effaced till behind the middle, and the eighth is continued nearly to the tip, before which it assumes the form of a deeply impressed groove, the third interstice has two impressions close to the third stria ; in some examples there is an obscure blood-red spot on the wing- cases near the suture behind ; underside greenish bronze, apex of the abdomen sometimes testaceous ; legs testaceous. Length 21 lines.

M. Jacquelin-Duval considers this insect an extreme variety of Elaphrus rufipes, 111., of which species no typical example has occurred in Britain, if indeed the latter be distinct from B. rufi- pes, GylL, Dej. It is readily distinguished by its very convex form and its similarity to the insect from which its specific name is derived (Stomis pumicatus) ; it is now introduced for the first time into the British fauna, having been discovered by Mr. Bold, of Newcastle, on a sandy bank of the river between Lanercost Abbey and Naworth Castle, Cumberland, in the month of June 1848, but it is apparently very scarce.

20. B. monticulum : viridi-ceneum ; thorace cordato, postice vix punctulato ; elytris oblong o-ovatis, convexiusculis, punc- tato-striatiSj striis externis obsoletis, viridi-cyaneis ; antennis basi pedibusque testaceis.

Sturm, D.F. 6. 135. pi. 158. — Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9.565. Peryphus monticulus, Steph. Mand. 5. 386, et Manual, p. 55. P. affilis, (Spence) Steph. Mand. 2. 15, et Manual, p. 55. Bembidium fuscicorne, Dej. Spec. 5. 139; Icon. 4. 406.pl. 217. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 132.— Redt. Faun. Aust. 765.

Brassy green, palpi and antennae brownish, with the base testaceous. Thorax rather small, cordate, sides very little rounded before the middle, narrowed behind, posterior angles rather acute, base depressed, sometimes finely strigose between the two fovese, but not distinctly punctured and sometimes indeed nearly smooth, the dorsal furrow well impressed, the disk finely wrinkled and moderately convex. Elytra oblong- ovate, much broader than the thorax, sides moderately and regularly rounded, convex, deeply punctate-striated next the suture, more finely so externally and the outside stria obsolete, leaving the sides as well as the apex smooth, the colour is greenish black with a cyaneous reflection; the underside bronzed black ; the legs pale testaceous. Length 21 lines.

190 CARABID^E. BEMBIDIUM.

This species is more local and less abundant than many of its allies, and from its habit of remaining concealed in crevices of banks and old stumps, apt to be overlooked. It is found in the north of England and in Scotland. " Banks of the Tyne and in the gravel of a rivulet in a dene above Winlaton Mill." Messrs. Hardy and Bold. It is also found in willow stumps near Burton- on -Trent ; and in July 1852 I captured a fine series by the side of the Dee, at Llangollen, by digging them out of a clayey bank.

21. B. nitidulum : viride, subceneum, nitidum; thorace. brevi,

subcordato, angulis posticis rectis; elytris oblongo-ovatis, fortiter punctato-striatis ; antennis basi pedibusque testa- ceis, femoribus basi nigro-piceis.

Carabus nitidulus, Marsham, Ent. 454. Peryphus nitidulus, Steph. Mand. 2. 14, et Manual, p. 55. Bembidium nitidulum, Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 559. B. rufipes, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 18.— Dej. Spec. 5. 141; Icon. 4. 408. pl.217.— Erichson, Kafer, 130.— Redt. Faun. Aust. 107.

Above shining metallic green, sometimes bluish. Head (PL II. f. 15) short and triangular, narrowed in front so as to render the eyes rather prominent ; base of the palpi and two or three joints at the base of the antennae testaceous, the remainder, together with the penultimate joint of the palpi, pitchy brown. Thorax short, subcordate, much broader than in monticulum, sides moderately rounded in front and a little narrowed behind, but rather abruptly so, posterior angles right angles, the dorsal furrow transversely wrinkled and terminating before in an evident im- pression strongly marked, the base much depressed and rather coarsely punctured, the basal fovese large and deep. Elytra oblong-ovate, convex, deeply punctate-striated, the striae entire on the sides (but the punctuation finer) and carried nearly if not quite to the apex, before which however the punctures disappear, the third interstice with two impressions; underside brassy black, the apex of the elytra sometimes rusty red, legs testaceous, with the thighs more or less pitchy black at the base, sometimes wholly testaceous. Length 2^ lines.

Extremely abundant and generally distributed.

22. B. affine : viride, sub&neum ; capite oblongo, oculis haud

prominulis ; thorace subcordato, angulis posticis promi- nulis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, levius punctato-striatis, ante apicem rufescentibus ; antennis basi pedibusque totis rufo- testaceis.

. BEMBIDIUM. 191

Peryphus affinis, (Rudd) Steph. Mand. 5. 386.

P. rufipes, Steph. Manual, p. 55.

Bembidium nitidulum, var. C., Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9.560

Above green, very slightly brassy, shining, considerably larger than nitidulum. Head more oblong and flatter, broader in front, so that the eyes do not appear at all prominent (PI. II. f. 14), palpi and three joints at the base of the antennae testaceous, the rest of the antennae brownish and all the joints longer than in nitidulum. Thorax sensibly less short, the sides less dilated in front and less abruptly narrowed behind, the base very slightly or altogether obsoletely punctulated. Elytra broad, more rounded on the sides, strongly striated on the disk, but the punctuation finer and entirely effaced at the extremity, at some distance from which there is frequently an obscure red blotch common to both wing-cases and extending quite across them ; legs entirely testa- ceous red. Length 2J lines.

M. Jacquelin-Duval has considered this insect a variety of the preceding, but as I have never been able to unite them satisfac- torily by intermediate links, I have retained it under the name affine, to which it is fully entitled, because the name rufipes, 111., is applicable to a different species, whilst rufipes, Gyll., is identical with nitidulum. The examples of Peryphus qffinis in the late Mr. Rudd's collection which I have examined, perfectly accord with the present species. They were captured by him near Marton, Yorkshire ; and the insect is widely distributed though somewhat local, in gravel-pits near London, Woking, Isle of Wight, Northampton, North Wales, &c.

23. B. tibiale : obscure viridi-aneum, subcyaneum ; thorace sub- quadrato, postice subangustato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, punctato-striatis ; antennarum basi tibiis tarsisque testaceis.

Elaphrus tibialis, Dufts. Faun. 2. 209.

Bembidium tibiale, Sturm, D. F. 6. 127. pi. 156.— Dej. Spec.

5. 134 ; Icon. 4. 399. pi. 216.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 131. Peryphus tibialis, Steph. Mand. 2. 15 et 5. 387, et Manual,

p. 56.

P. cnemerythrus, Steph. Manual, p. 55. Bembidium fasciolatum, var. C., Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10.

109.

Var. j3. minus ; supra obscure cyaneum, striis levius punctatis. Peryphus atrocceruleus, Steph. Mand. 2. 17, et Manual, p. 56.

Obscure brassy green, with a bluish tinge, sometimes on the thorax only, sometimes very sparingly diffused over the elytra

192 CARABID.E. BEMBIDIUM.

also, but the latter are usually dull brassy green, or obscurely bronzed. Head with a deep rough oblong fovea on each side, and a transverse impression and ridge in front, palpi obscure pitchy, antennse fuscous black, with the basal joint alone red. Thorax somewhat quadrate, sides very little rounded from below the anterior angles to behind the middle, then straight, and forming, with the base, a right angle, which is very slightly elevated, the disk rather depressed, having a deep central furrow terminating in front in a small transverse impression, the base very much depressed and furnished with a very large fovea close to each angle, and extending more than half-way to the dorsal furrow, the space between the two being finely strigose longitu- dinally. Elytra oblong-ovate, broad, rather depressed, moderately striated, stria? distinctly punctured, interstices flat, the third stria with two deeper impressions, one about the middle, the other nearer the apex ; underside bronzed, femora pitchy black, tibiae and tarsi testaceous. Length 2f lines.

The variety Peryphus atroc&ruleus, Steph., is smaller and usually blue-black ; its thorax is rather more narrowed behind, its elytra are less dilated and the stria? more slender and the punc- tuation finer ; but none of these variations are to be relied upon as constant, as they more or less blend into one another in a long series of individuals. M. Jacquelin-Duval, to whom I communicated some of my varieties, has connected atroc&ruleus, the variety above mentioned, with cyanescens, Wesmael, and by means of other links, with B. cteruleum, Dejean, and has, more- over, united them all with Elaphrus fasciolatus, Dufts. (B.fascio- latum, Sturm) as the type, but as that particular form has never been found in Britain, I have retained the name tibiale for the present species.

This insect is extremely abundant on the gravelly beaches of rivers in mountainous districts, especially in the north of En- gland and Wales, Scotland and Ireland.

24. B. prasinum : obscure viridi-aneum ; thorace brevi, subqua- drato, angulis posticis prominulis ; elytris oblongis} di- stincte striatis, striis integris impunctatis; antennarum articulo primo plus minus rufo ; pedibus nigris.

Elaphrus prasinus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 201.

Bembidium prasinum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 146. — Dej. Spec. 5. 129 ; Icon. 4. 394. pi. 215.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 104. B. olivaceum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 408. Peryphus olivaceus, Steph. Maud. 2. 16, et Manual, p. 56. P. Leachii, (Spence) Steph. Mand. 2. 16, et Manual, p. 55.

CARABID.E. BEMBIDIUM. 193

Above obscure greenish bronze, depressed. Head with a short fovea on each side, terminated in front by a stria and transverse ridge ; palpi and antennae black, the basal joint of the latter sometimes entirely, at other times only underneath dull red. Thorax very short and broad, very slightly narrowed behind, so that the base is sensibly wider than in any of the preceding- species, posterior angles prominent, the base and two wide shallow fovese near the angles very much wrinkled so as to present the appearance of being finely rugose, the disk on each side the dorsal line being also finely strigose. Elytra -broad, slightly widest behind, striated, the strise entire on the sides and at the apex, the first and second, third and fourth and sometimes the fifth and sixth united at their extremity, but the fifth often more deeply impressed in the form of a curve carried round the ends of the third and fourth and almost united with the first and second, all the strife are wholly impunctate, with the inter- stices flat, the third with two impressions; underside of the body bronzed black, legs obscure black. Length 2| lines.

Immediately distinguishable from the preceding by its impunc- tate strise and by the great width of the thorax. The insect described by Stephens as Fellmanni probably belongs to this species, as the description corresponds, but there are no examples in the Stephensian cabinet to represent it. P. Leachii and olivaceum also belong to this species, to which the name prasinum must be assigned in right of priority.

It appears to be a rare species, but is found occasionally in the north of England and in Scotland ; Castle Eden Dene and the banks of the Derwent; Carlisle; Carfin; Loch Lomond. I have captured it also on the banks of the Dee near Llangollen, North Wales.

(NOTAPHUS, Megerle.)

25. B. flammulatum : capite thoraceque obscure viridi-seneis, hoc subcordato, angulis posticis prominulis ; elytris fusco- seneis testaceo-variegatis, fortiter punctato-striatis ; anten- narum basi abdominis apice pedibusque piceo-testaceis.

Ocydromus flammulatus, Clairv. Ent. Helv. 2. 20 (1806). Bembidium flammulatum, Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 163. E. undulatum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 156. pi. 160. — Dej. Spec. 5. 63;

Icon. 4. 342. pi. 209.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 125. Notaphus undulatus, Steph. Mand. 2. 17, et Manual, p. 56.

Head and thorax greenish or blackish brass, the former with an impressed stria on each side ; antennae brownish black, with

194 CARABID^. — BEMBTDIUM.

the base more or less testaceous. Thorax subcordate, longer and more quadrate than in ustulatum (PL II. f. 9), the sides rounded and rather dilated about the middle, very gradually narrowed behind till a. little before the angles, then straight, so as to form with the posterior margin right angles, with the apex a little prominent', the disk very much wrinkled, the dorsal furrow strongly impressed and the anterior impression which meets it well defined, base with a deep fovea on each side, the space between which is depressed and very much striated longi- tudinally. Elytra oblong-ovate, shoulders distinctly rounded, much wider than the thorax, sides only slightly rounded, a little narrowed at the apex, very strongly striated, especially near the suture in front, the strise distinctly punctured till behind the middle when the punctures disappear and the striaB become smooth and less deep from thence to the extremity, between the second and third striae are two deep impressions and a few distinct punctures on the outer margin near the shoulders, the colour is usually brassy brown, more or less dark, and there is always a testaceous zigzag or wavy band extending transversely from the outer margin to the suture at no great distance from the apex, and a very obscure or obsolete one before the middle, which, in immature examples, extends over the surface of the anterior portion of the wing-cases; the apex of the abdomen testaceous, legs pitchy testaceous, with a greenish metallic hue on the upper side of the femora. Length 2£-2f lines.

Extremely abundant on the banks of rivers, in damp woods and marshes throughout the kingdom.

26. B. ustulatum : obscure viridi-aneum ; thorace breviore, anyulis posticis rectis vix prominulis ; elytris testaceo- variegatis, subtiliter punctato-striatis ; antennis basi pedi- busque piceo-testaceis.

Carabus ustulatus, Linn. F. S. 810. — Fab. Mant. 205.— Fab.

S. El. 1. 208.— Payk. Mon. 86. Bembidium ustulatum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 158. — Dej. Spec. 5. 64;

Icon. 4. 343. pi. 209.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 125. Notaphus ustulatus, Steph. Mand. 2. 18, et Manual, p. 56. N. nebulosus, Steph. Mand. 2. 18, et Manual, p. 56. N. bifasciatus et obliquus, Steph. Mand. 2. 19. Carabus varius, Oliv. Ent. 3. 110. pi. 14. Bembidium varium, Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 159.

Smaller than flammulatum, obscure brassy greenish or bluish black. Head with a shallow impression on each side, antenna rather slender, having two or three joints at the base testaceous.

CARABID^E. — BEMBIDIUM. 195

Thorax (PL II. f. 10) shorter, the width greater than the length, the sides much less rounded below the anterior angles and but slightly narrowed behind just before the base, the posterior angles less prominent and smaller, the dorsal furrow very slender, the basal fovea? smoother and the space between them smoother also. Elytra shorter, the shoulders squarer and not narrowed, having the angles only a little obtuse and prominent, sides straighter, apex obtuse, disk finely striated, the striae punctured to behind the middle, then smooth, having two deeper impres- sions between the second and third striae, the interstices smoother and flatter than in flammulatum ; the colour more obscure, with usually two very indistinct reddish testaceous bands, commencing at the outer margin and disappearing entirely before they reach the suture, in frequent examples almost entirely obliterated or interrupted by the darker striae, appearing as merely irregular spots, whilst at the shoulders and at the apex there are occasion- ally also pale spots of irregular shape ; in less frequent examples the whole surface is more testaceous variegated with dusky markings; underside black, with the apex of the abdomen usually concolorous ; legs pitchy testaceous. Length 2£ lines.

In the Linnaean collection examples of this species (mixed up with others of B. flammulatum) stand under the name Carabus ustulatus, Linn. ; Notaphus nebulosus, bifasciatus and obliquus of the Stephensian cabinet must likewise be referred to the same species.

It is extremely abundant in marshy places and on muddy deposits.

27. B. obliquum : obscure nigro-aeneum ; thorace subquadrato ; elytris testaceo-variegatis, subtilitQr punctato-striatis ; an- tennis pedibusque nigris. (PL II. f. E.)

Sturm, D. F. 6. 160. pi. 161.— Dej. Spec. 5. 68; Icon. 4.347, pi. 210.— Erichson, Kafer, 126.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 125.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 157. B. ustulatum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 29.

Considerably smaller than ustulatum ; above bronzed, or obscure greenish black. Head small, smooth, depressed in front, and with the usual oblong impression on each side behind the eyes, antennae black, with the underside of the basal joint and the base of the palpi rusty. Thorax subquadrate, short, sides rounded in front below the angles, very little narrowed behind, and with the base still rather wide, the lateral margins finely but distinctly reflexed, the posterior angles right angles, disk finely

o2

196 CARABID.E. BEMBIDIUM.

channeled and the base with a deep fovea on each side. Elytra broader than the thorax, not at all narrowed in front, but with the humeral angles only a little rounded and slightly prominent, sides subparallel, or little rounded till beyond the middle, when they slightly curve off towards the apex, finely punctate-striated, the punctures vanishing before the apex, the third interstice with the usual impressions, brownish black with two transverse testaceous curved bands, more distinct externally next the outer margin, disappearing towards the suture, near which are four spots of the same colour placed somewhat quadrately, the hinder pair more oblong in form, and sometimes these bands are entirely wanting and a patch of testaceous spots next the suture alone is visible, or it is otherwise varied, the apex of the wing- cases is also very narrowly edged with testaceous ; underside of the body and the legs black. Length 2 lines.

Apparently rare, or generally overlooked; the only indigenous example which has come under my notice was captured by Mr. Bold, at Gosforth.

28. B. rupestre : viridi-teneum ; thorace brevi, subquadrato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, testaceis viridi-ceneo variegatis, fortiter punctato-striatis ; antennis basi pedibusque piceo-ferrugineis.

Cicindela rupestris, Linn. S. N. 2. 658.

Elaphrus rupestris, Fab. Mant. 1. 188.— Fab. S. El. 1. 246.

Carabus ustulatus,-vsiY. $, Payk. Mon. 87.

C. varius ft Oliv. Ent. 3. 110. pi. 14.

Bembidium varium, var. A, Jacq.-Duv. Arm. Soc. Ent. 10. 160.

Notaphus fumigatus, Steph. Mand. 2. 20, et Manual, p. 56.

Bembidium fumigatum, Dej. Spec. 5. 72; Icon. 4. 348. pi. 210.

About the size of B. fumigatum. Head and thorax brownish or greenish brass; base of the antennae testaceous. Thorax shorter, subquadrate, very slightly narrowed behind, so that the base appears much broader than in fumigatum (PI. II. f. 11). Elytra shorter, less dilated on the sides, more convex, more deeply punctate-striated, obscurely bronzed, and very much variegated with testaceous, which latter colour assumes the form of interrupted transverse bands, or the testaceous colour predo- minates and is speckled and varied with bronze; underside brassy black, legs red, femora sometimes dusky. Length 2 lines.

M. Jacquelin-Duval has united this insect with B. ustulatum under the name varium, Oliv. ; Paykull in his Monograph like- wise records it as a variety of that insect. It has long been a matter of dispute as to what insect Cicindela rupestris of Linnreus

CARAB1D.E. BEMBIDIUM. 197

ought to be referred, that name having been successively applied to B. femoratum, articulatum and littorale, but rejected on the ground that Linna3us states the legs to be black. In the Linnsean collection we find a mutilated individual of the species before us (B. fumigatum, Dej.), and I have accordingly ventured to restore the name as originally asserted by Paykull (C. ustulatus var. S. = C. rupestris, L.). LinnaBus probably described his insect from an example with unusually dark legs.

The species, which appears very distinct, is extremely rare in Britain. The only indigenous examples I have seen are in the Stephensian cabinet and are stated to have been found at Swansea.

29. B. fumigatum : nigro-aneum ; thorace subcordato, postice

subangustato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris oblongo- ovatis, testaceo-variegatis, fortiter punctato-striatis ; an- tennis basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Elaphrus fumigatusy Dufts. Faun. 2. 204 (1812).. Bembidium fumigatum, Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 166. Notaphus stictus, Steph. Mand. 2. 20, et Manual, p. 56. Bembidium assimile, var., Erichson, Kiifer, 167. B. Dejeanii, Putz. Prem. Ent. 61.

About the size of the preceding species, but narrower in front. Head and thorax obscure greenish bronze, tip of mandibles and two joints at the base of the antennae testaceous red, the rest of the antennae and palpi obscure. Thorax (PI. II. f. 12) subcor- date, sides more rounded and dilated about the middle, then contracted, but just before the angles sensibly straight, so as to form with the base a right angle, disk moderately convex, the dorsal and transverse lines well defined, the base with two fovese. Elytra oblong-ovate, deeply punctate-striate on the disk, the sides and apex smooth, the first stria nearest the suture entire, the next rather abbreviated, all the others still more so, the colour varies from testaceous spotted or banded with fuscous or bronzed black, or the latter predominates and is more or less variegated with testaceous, very much after the manner of flam- mulatum; the underside is bronzed black, the legs are testaceous red. Length IJ-2 lines.

Abundant in marshy places, but rather local : Hammersmith marshes ; the fens of Essex and Lincolnshire, &c.

30. B. ephippium : capite thoraceque viridi-aneis, nitidis ;

thorace subcordato} postice coarctato, angulis posticis rec-

198 CARABID^E.— BEMBIDIUM.

tis ; elytris oblongis, punctato-striatis, pallide testaceis, macula communi posticd fusco-brunned ; antennis pedibus- que pallidis.

Carabus ephippium, Marsham, Ent. 462.

Notaphus ephippium, Steph. Mand. 2. 20, et Manual, p. 57.

Bembidium ephippium, Redt. Faun. Aust. 107. — Jacq.-Duv.

Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 156. B. pallidipenne, Dej. Spec. 5. 74 ; Icon. 4. 350. pi. 210.

This little species has the head and thorax greenish black and very shining ; palpi and antennae testaceous, penultimate joint of the former pitchy. Thorax subcordate, sides rounded in front, contracted behind the middle, with the posterior angles right angles, but distinctly elevated, the dorsal line transversely wrinkled, the basal fovese large. Elytra oblong, sides almost parallel, distinctly and regularly punctate-striated throughout, the third interstice with the usual impressions, the surface testa- ceous with a more or less obsolete or widely diffused dusky patch behind, extending entirely across, and sometimes a small darker one at the base of the suture ; legs pale testaceous. Length 1J lines.

Abundant in salt marshes : Lymington ; Christchurch ; Whit- stable ; Isle of Sheppey ; Great Yarmouth, &c.

31. B. assimile : obscure viridi-aneum ; thorace subcordato, postice parum angustato utrinque foveolato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, fortiter punctato-striatis, apice macula rotundata ante apicem antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis.

Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 26.— Dej. Spec. 5. 175; Icon. 4. 41 1. pi. 221.

— Erichson, Kafer, 135. — Heer, Faun. Helv. 136. — Jacq.-Duv.

Ann. Soc. Ent, 10. 168.

Lopha Doris, Steph. Mand. 2. 25, et Manual, p. 58.

L. Spensii, Steph. Mand. 2. 25, et Manual, p. 58.

Notaphus castanopterus, Steph. Mand. 2. 21, et Manual, p. 57.

Above greenish or bluish black. Head striated obliquely on each side and with a longitudinal ridge on the crown between the striae, which approximate in front ; antennae brownish black, basal and next joint red. Thorax subcordate, the width across the middle greater than the length, rather contracted behind, posterior angles right angles, disk moderately convex, the dorsal furrow met before and behind by a shallow transverse impression, base with a deep fovea close to each angle. Elytra oblong-ovate, deeply punctate-striated, the punctured striae deepest next the

CARABID.E. BEMBIDIUM. 199

suture and vanishing before the apex, the third interstice with two impressions, near the outer margin behind is a testaceous spot, more or less distinct and large, the apex being likewise sometimes livid testaceous ; body beneath black, legs testaceous red. Length 1^ line.

Notaphus castanopterus, Steph., is a pale and immature variety of this insect, from which Lopha Spensii and Doris of the Ste- phensian cabinet do not differ.

It is an abundant species in marshy places and is widely dis- tributed : Whittlesea Mere and the fens of Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire and Lincolnshire, in profusion ; and in the London district. It is included likewise among the Irish Bem- bidia.

32. B. Clarkii : nigro-piceum, inter dum obscure viridi-ceneum ; thorace latiore, subquadrato, postice subangustato utrinque foveolato bistriatoque, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris ob- longo-ovatis, fortiter punctato-striatis, macula obsoleta ante apicem antennarum basi pedibusque runs. (PI. III. . *• E.)

LopJia Clarkii, Dawson, Ann. Nat. Hist. 3. 215 (1849). Bembidium Clarkii, Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 10. 170(1851).

Above pitchy black, occasionally obscure greenish brass. Head with a deep slightly flexuous furrow on each side, somewhat approximating in front, enclosing a strongly elevated ridge on the crown ; mandibles pitchy red, palpi and antennae pitchy black, basal joint of the latter wholly and base of some of the following joints red. Thorax subquadrate, sides dilated and rounded before the middle, rather narrowed behind, but the base still wider than in the preceding species, posterior angles right angles or slightly prominent, disk convex, the dorsal furrow met in front by a semicircular impression, and behind also by a slightly rugose depression, the base with a large bistriated fovea on each side. Elytra oblong-ovate, rather broad, convex, deeply punctate-striated, the punctured striae abbreviated before the apex which is smooth, the striae nearest the suture very deep, the exterior ones much more slender, the third interstice with two impressions, near the outer margin behind is a more or less obsolete round red spot; underside black, legs entirely red. Length If line.

In its general structure and in the deep striae and punctuation of the elytra, this species is allied both to assimile and gilvipes, but it is a more robust insect, the thorax especially is larger and

200 CARABID^E. — BEMBIDIUM.

broader at the base, and the head is more deeply sulcated than either.

It is a local species, which I first discovered in the marshes at Herringstone, near Dorchester, in May 1848 • and named it after my friend and companion, the Rev. Hamlet Clark. I found it still more plentifully in the same locality in 1852 ; and have taken it likewise on the seashore in Pegwell Bay, near Ramsgate.

(LEJA, Meg.}

33. B. lampros : ceneum, nitidum ; thorace lateribus antice late rotundato, postice coarctato, profunde foveolato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, striis punctatis apice evanescentibus sex distinctis ; antennis basi rufis, pedibus rufo-testaceis.

Carabus lampros, Herbst, Archiv, 164 (1781).

Bembidium lampros, Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 503.

Carabus celer, Fab. Ent. S. 1. 167 (1792).— Fab. S. El. 1. 210.

Bembidium celere, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 17.— Sturm, D. F. 6. 140. — Dej. Spec. 5. 157; Icon. 4. 421. pi. 219.— Erichson, Kafer, 135.

T achy pus celer, Steph. Mand. 2. 26.

T.properans, Steph. Mand. 2. 26, et Manual, p. 58.

T. acutus, chalceus et orichalceus, Steph. Mand. 2. 27, et Ma- nual, p. 58.

Var. /3. elytris striis punctatis apice evanescentibus 7 distinctis'

pedibus totis rufescentibus.

B. velox, Erichson, Kafer, 134.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 134. Lopha pulchella, Steph. Mand. 2. 23, et Manual, p. 57.

Brassy, shining. Head with two deep parallel impressions between the eyes ; antennae dull black, with the first and second joints at the base more or less red and always so beneath ; palpi dull pitchy. Thorax cordate, truncate before and behind, sides dilated and rounded considerably in front, much contracted behind, posterior angles right angles, disk very smooth and convex on each side the dorsal furrow, base with a deep fovea near each angle punctured within, the space between them being also punctured. Elytra oblong-ovate, narrowed and rounded at the shoulders, sides gradually and regularly rounded, disk con- vex, having six punctured stria? distinctly marked, which vanish before they reach the extremity, leaving the apex smooth, the sides being also smooth, except that the outer margin has some irregular impressions, and on the third interstice are two punc- tures ; underside of the body black, legs red, tibiae often paler testaceous. Length 1^ line.

CARABID^E. — BEMBIDIUM. 201

This species commonly has but six punctured striae on each wing-case and usually rather coarsely impressed, but in rarer instances there are seven rows of punctures, in which case they are generally finer, and this variety forms B. velox of Erichson ; it has usually a duller and darker appearance, and something of a bluish tinge. Lopha pulchella, Steph., belongs tijfthis variety, which is of unfrequent occurrence in Britain. Tachypusproperans, chalceus and orichalceus of the Stephensian cabinet are perfectly identical with the typical insect, which is found in profusion everywhere.

34. B. Schuppelii: nigro-subvirescens ; thorace subcordato, an- gulis posticis rectis ; elytris ovatis, fortiter punctato-stri- atis ; antennarum basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis, femoribus rufo-piceis. (PI. III. f. D.)

Dej. Spec. 5. Supp. 860 ; Icon. 4. 440. pi. 221.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 519.

Obscure greenish or bluish black. Head with two oblique furrows approximating in front ; antennae pitchy black with two joints at the base red, palpi rusty red with the penultimate joint obscure. Thorax broader than in gilvipes, sides rounded from below the anterior angles to behind the middle, then contracted a little, but straight immediately before the angle, so as to form with the posterior margin a right angle, disk convex, the dorsal furrow and anterior transverse impression well marked, the base narrowly depressed and with a broad fovea on each side, which becomes distinctly bifid above. Elytra more ovate than in any of the allied species, strongly punctate-striated, the striae carried very nearly to the extremity, before which they become finer and the punctuation disappears, but the apex itself is smooth ; under- side bluish black, legs red, with the femora at their base pitchy. Length 1^ line.

This species is allied to gilvipes, but the thorax is evidently broader and less narrowed behind and the elytra are shorter and more ovate. Two examples were taken first by Messrs. Bold and Murray on the banks of the Irthing, near Naworth Castle, Cumberland; and subsequently about a dozen more by Mr. Wailes in the same locality ; it has been taken occasionally also near Edinburgh.

35. B. gilvipes: nigrum ; thorace subcordato, postice coarctato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris oblong o -ovatis, fortiter

202 CARABID^E. — BEMBTDIUM.

punctato-striatis ; antennarum basi pedibusque rufo-testa- ceis.

Sturm, D. F. 6. 149. pi. 159 (1825).— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 520.

B. Mannerheimii, Dej. Spec. 5. 167; Icon. 4. 432. pi. 229. Lopha niara, Steph. Mand. 2. 24 (1829), et Manual, p. 57.

Black or pitchy black. Head less convex than in the pre- ceding species, with two oblong frontal impressions very slightly approximating in front ; antennas obscure black, the basal, second and sometimes the third joints red. Thorax subcordate, narrower, rounded on the sides and more contracted behind than in Schuppelii, the posterior angles right angles, disk convex, dorsal furrow fine and intersected by minute wavy wrinkles, base with two fovese, the space between which is somewhat depressed and punctulated. Elytra oblong-ovate, about twice the width of the thorax, sides evenly rounded, very convex, strongly punctate-striated on the disk, the striae becoming finer at the apex and the punctures themselves wanting, the third interstice with two small impressions ; legs wholly red. Length 1^ line.

Dejean has quoted this species as Mannerheimii of Sahlberg, but as the descriptions given by that author to represent his insect by no means correspond with the characters of the one before us, the appellation given to it by Sturm is now generally adopted.

It is very abundant in marshy districts.

36. B. pusillum : nigrum, subcyaneum ; sulcis front alibus parallelis ; thorace brevi subcordato, lateribus valde rotun- dato, postice fortiter coarctato ; elytris oblong o-ovatis, fortiter striato-punctatis ; antennis pedibusque brunneo- nigris.

Gyll. Ins. Suec. 4. 403.— Dej. Spec. 5. 165; Icon. 4. 430. pi. 220.

— Erichson, Kafer, 136.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 135. — Jacq.-Duv.

Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 525.

Lopha pulicaria, Steph. Mand. 2. 24, et Manual, p. 58.

L. minima, Steph. Mand. 2. 24, et Manual, p. 58.

Above black or blue-black. Head with two parallel frontal furrows ; palpi and antennas obscure, the basal joint of the latter in some examples reddish. Thorax short, subcordate, very much rounded on the sides arid much narrowed behind, the lateral margins acutely reflexed, especially behind, posterior angles obliquely formed and a little elevated, convex, the dorsal furrow

CAKABID.E. BEMBIDIUM. 203

slender, very minutely wrinkled on each side, the base depressed and furnished with numerous minute punctures which give it a finely rugose appearance, the fovese small, deep and punctured within. Elytra oblong-ovate, humeral angles rounded but not narrowed, sides very little rounded, disk moderately convex, strongly punctate-striated, the punctured striaa entire on the sides but effaced at the extremity, the third interstice with an impression rather before the middle very distinct and another less evident behind, in rarer instances there is an indistinct reddish spot be- hind near the outer margin and sometimes the apex itself is rusty red; underside of the body and the legs black, tibise a little brownish. Length 1^ line.

Lopha pulicaria and minima of the Stephensian cabinet are identical with this species. Stephens has given as one of the characters of the former insect, ' oblique frontal striae/ but this was probably through inadvertency. Whether Lopha nana, Steph., is to be referred as a small variety to this species I cannot deter- mine, as that name has no representative in the Stephensian cabinet.

Common.

(LOPHA, Megerle.)

37. B. doris : (meo-mgrum, nitidum ; sulcis frontalibus obliquis, profunde impressis ; thorace cordato, postice fortiter coarctato, angulis posticis prominulis ; elytris oblongo- ovatis, punctato-striatis, apice maculaque rotundata ante apicem rufis ; antennis basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Carabus doris, Panz. Faun. 38 (1789-1810).

Elaphrus doris, 111. Kafer, 1. 232 (1798).

Bembidium doris, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 24. — Sturm, D. F. 6. 170. — Dej. Spec. 5. 172 ; Icon. 4. 437. pi. 221.— Erichson, Kafer, 137.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 136.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 529.

Brassy black, sometimes greenish or bluish. Head broader than in the next species, with two oblique frontal furrows strongly marked, which approximate and unite in front (PL II. f. 17); palpi and antennae obscure with their base red. Thorax cordate, very convex, sides rounded more in front and not so much in the middle as in the preceding species, lateral margins very fine and not reflexed, the posterior angles rather prominent, the dorsal furrow and the usual transverse impression in front slenderly marked, the base with two fovese and a puncture on each side the termination of the dorsal line as in the next species. Elytra oblong-ovate, convex, strongly striated, the striae distinctly punctured, the punctured stria? effaced at the apex and on the

204 CARABID^E. BEMBIDIUM.

sides, the third interstice with two small impressions and the exterior margin with a round red spot at no great distance from the apex, which latter is sometimes pale and the red colour occasionally suffused over the whole extremity ; underside black, legs testaceous red. Length 1^ line.

This species is very liable to be confounded with B. normannum, which however is a somewhat narrower insect and has the frontal furrows parallel, for which reason I have assigned Lopha pusilla and hcemorrhoidalis, Steph., to that species, though Dr. Schaum in his notes referred them to this ; all the examples however in the Stephensian cabinet (with one exception, which is placed on one side with the MS. name virescens) evidently = normannum. Nearly all the specimens in British collections which stand under the name doris will, I suspect, prove identical with nor- mannum.

Found rarely in salt marshes.

38. B. normannum : obscure viridi-esneum, nitidum ; sulcis frontalibus parallelis ; thorace cordato, postice fortiter coarctato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, punctato-striatis, apice antennarum basi pedibusque rufo- testaceis.

Dej. Spec. 5. 164; Icon. 4. 429. pi. 220.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 135.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 522.

Var. ft. elytris oblongo-ouatis, macula postica rotundata apiceque rufo-testaceis.

Lopha pusilla et assimilis, Steph. Manual, p. 57. L. hcemorrhoidalis, Steph. Mand. 5. 387, et Manual, p. 58.

Above obscure greenish bronze. Head smaller than that of doris, with two parallel frontal furrows (PI. II. f. 16), antennae dusky, with the basal and sometimes the two next joints red. Thorax cordate, very convex, widest and rounded before the middle, considerably contracted behind, posterior angles right angles, base with an oblique deep fovea placed close within the angle, the space between them and the slender dorsal furrow with some faint punctuation. Elytra oblong-ovate, sides very slightly rounded, very convex, punctate-striated, but with the apex smooth, the third interstice with the usual impressions, near the outer margin at no great distance from the apex is a red spot, often obsolete, sometimes very widely diffused and of a greater or less depth of colour, and sometimes the apex itself alone is red ; underside black, legs testaceous red, femora occa- sionally obscure. Length 1^ line.

The individuals standing under the names Lopha pusilla,

CARABID^I. BEMBIDIUM. 205

assimilis and h&morrhoidalis in the Stephensian cabinet are (with one exception) perfectly identical with this species. Stephens appears to have transposed the species L. assimilis and doris (nor- mannum) in his collection.

This insect is common in salt marshes, on the sides of ditches in marshy districts and on the banks of tidal rivers. Lymington Salterns; shores of the Thames below Gravesend; Whitstable and Herne Bay; Isle of Sheppey and Southend; eastern counties, &c.

39. B. articulatum ; capite thoraceque obscure viridi-aneis ;

hoc oblong o- cor dato, postice fortiter coarctato, angulis posticis rectis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, punctato-striatis, testaceis, fascia pone medium et altera ante apicem fusco- brunneis ; antennis basi pedibusque testaceis.

Carabus articulatus, Panz. Faun. 30.

Bembidium articulatum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 23. — Dej. Spec. 5.

188 ; Icon. 4. 456. pi. 223.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 138.— Jacq.-

Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 535. Lopha pcecila, Steph. Mand. 2. 21, et Manual, p. 57.

Head and thorax brassy green, or bluish, more or less obscure ; elytra reddish testaceous, with a fuscous irregular band a little behind the middle, behind which is a pale testaceous patch near the margin, then another fuscous band just before the apex. Head large, with an oblique oblong impression on each side uniting in front; eyes large; antennae with three joints at the base testaceous, the rest of the antennae and the penultimate joint of the palpi obscure. Thorax oblong, heart-shaped, very convex, sides much rounded in front, much contracted behind, the lateral margins not reflexed, the posterior angles rectangular but the tip acute and elevated, the dorsal furrow and transverse stria very slender, the base with two fovea3 and a row of distinct punctures between them. Elytra oblong-ovate, very convex, distinctly punctate- striated, with the apex smooth, on the third interstice before the middle is a very evident impression and a fine puncture also be- hind; underside black, legs pale. Length 1| line.

Not uncommon in damp gravel and sand pits, humid places in woods, &c. throughout the kingdom.

40. B. 4-guttatum : capite thoraceque viridi-ceneis vel nigro-

ceneis ; hoc oblongo-cordato, postice fortiter coarctato, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, basi punc- tato-striatis, nigris, maculis in singulo duabus albidis ; pedibus pallidis.

206

CARABID^E. BEMBIDIUM.

Carabus 4-guttatus, Fab. Mant. 1. 205.— Fab. S. El. 1. 207.

Elaphrm 4-guttatus, 111. Kafer, 1. 233.

Bembidium 4-guttatum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 21. — Dej. Spec. 5.

183; Icon. 4. 450. pi. 222.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 137.—

Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 537. Lopha 4-ffuttata, Steph. Mand. 2. 22.

Head and thorax brilliant brassy black, or sometimes with a greenish gloss, the former with two oblong rugose impressions parallel to each other ; mouth, palpi and antennae brownish, the bases of the two latter testaceous. Thorax oblong, heart-shaped, very convex, much narrowed behind, posterior angles not pro- minent, basal fovese broad with a fine punctuation between them, the dorsal and anterior transverse lines slender. Elytra oblong- ovate, rather wide, punctate-striated at the base only, the third interstice with two and the outer margin just below the shoulder with several deeper impressions, disk moderately convex, brilliant shining brassy black, with two whitish testaceous spots on each, one angularly formed placed a little below the shoulder and another smaller and round one a little behind the middle near the outer margin, but neither of them touching it ; underside bronzed black ; legs pale, with the knees and edges of the femora dusky. Length 2± lines.

Common.

41 . B. callosum : subteneo-nigrum, nitidum ; thorace oblongo- cordato, angulis posticis subrectis ; elytris oblong o-ovatis, antice levius punctato-striatis, maculis in singulo duabus pallidis, lateraliter junctis; antennis basipedibusque pallidis. (PI. III. f. C.)

Kust. Kafer, 9. 23 (1847).— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 540 (1851).

B. laterale, Dej. Spec. 5. 185 ; Icon. 4. 452. pi. 222.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 137.

This species very nearly resembles 4-guttatum, but is rather smaller, narrower and more delicately formed; the principal characters which distinguish it from that species are stated as follows : the colour of a deeper black ; the base of the first joint of the antennae alone testaceous red; the elytra more finely striated and the punctuation more minute, the humeral spot continued, but more narrowly along the lateral margin till it unites with the lower one which is smaller and less round than the corresponding one in 4-guttatum ; in other respects they do not differ. Length 2 lines.

This species was first named by Dejean laterale, but as that name had previously been applied to the insect which represents

CARABID^. BEMBIDIUM. 207

the subgenus Cillenus by Dr. Leach, it has become necessary to adopt the next in priority. The insect is now for the first time introduced into the British Fauna on the authority of a single example, which was captured by Mr. Steuart on Woking Common in the summer of 1851, and is now in my possession.

42. B. 4-maculatum : nigro-aneum, nitidum ; thorace subcor- dato, postice coarctato, angulis posticis subacutis ; elytris oblong 'o-ovatis, dorso punctato-striatis, maculis in singulo duabus pallidis ; antennarum articulo 1, 2, 3 et 4 basi pedibusque testaceis.

Cincidela 4-maculata, Linn. S. N. 1. 658.

Elaphrus 4-maculatus, 111. Kafer, 1. 232.

Bembidium 4-maculatum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 22. — Dej. Spec. 5.

187 ; Icon. 4. 454. pi. 223.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 138.— Jacq.-

Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 542. Lopha 4-maculata, Steph. Mand. 2. 22, et Manual, p. 57.

Head and thorax brassy black, with a faint greenish coppery tinge, the former with parallel striae ; antennae and palpi obscure, four joints at the base of the former red and the base of the palpi testaceous. Thorax subcordate, the posterior angles very minutely dentate, or subacute, the sculpture as in 4-guttatum. Elytra oblong-ovate, lightly but distinctly punctate-striated almost to the apex, with two pale testaceous patches on each, the form and position of which are much the same as those in 4<-guttatum ; underside bronzed black; legs testaceous, femora sometimes dusky. Length 1| line.

Common.

(BEMBIDIUM pr.)

43. B. bipunctatum : aneo-cuprewn, nitidum ; capite punctato ; thorace subcordato, antice posticeque punctato ; elytris punctato-striatis, foveolis duabus in singulo impressis ; antennis pedibusque cmeo-nigris.

Carabus bipunctatus, Linn. F. S. 806. — Fab. S. El. 1. 209. Bembidium bipunctatum, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 16. — Dej. Spec. 5.

98 ; Icon. 4. 365. pi. 212.— Heer, Faun. Helv. 127.--Jacq.-

Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 493. Tachypus bipunctatus, Steph. Mand. 2. 28, et Manual, p. 59.

Above brownish coppery, or bronzed, very shining. Head sparingly punctured on the crown and with a thickly punctured oblong channel on each side; palpi and antennae black, the latter rather short. Thorax subcordate, sides dilated and rounded below the anterior angles, narrowed behind, the posterior angles

208 CARABIDjE. BEMBIDIUM.

rather prominent, disk convex, the dorsal furrow intersected by numerous transverse wavy wrinkles and the entire limb punctured, but the punctures on the sides very minute and sparingly distri- buted, the base with a punctured fovea near each angle. Elytra considerably broader than the thorax, shoulders a little rounded, sides somewhat parallel, oblong, finely punctate-striated till beyond the middle, when the punctured striae disappear, the third interstice with two deep impressions ; underside of the body and legs dark bronze ; sides of the thorax punctured. Length 2 lines.

Abundant on the gravelly beaches of rivers in the north of England, in Wales, Scotland and Ireland; as well as in the London district and in many other parts of the kingdom. My friend G. Guyon, Esq., has found it in plenty on the shores of the Thames near Richmond.

44. B. velox : plerumque (sneum ; capite thoraceque punctatis, hoc cordatOy postice coarctato ; elytris punctato-striatis, striis integris, interstitio tertio punctis duobus impressis ; antennis basi pedibusque rufa.

Carabus velox, Linn. F. S. 222.

Elaphrus striatus, Dufts. Faun. 2. 198.

Bembidium striatum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 186. pi. 163.— Dej. Spec.

5. 93; Icon. 4. 300.pl. 211.

Tachypus striatus, Steph. Maud. 2. 28, et Manual, p. 59. Bembidium punctatulum, Drapiez, Ann. 7- 275 (1820). — Jacq.-

Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 483.

Bembidium chlorophanum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 187. pi. 163. Tachypus chlorophanus, Steph. Mand. 2. 28, et Manual, p. 59. Bembidium aerosum, Erichson, Kafer, 124.

Brownish brassy or occasionally blue-black, variable in colour. Head thickly punctured, with an oblong fovea on each side; antennae longer than in the preceding species and more slender, brownish black with the basal joint red. Thorax cordate, much contracted behind, convex, punctured throughout, but most closely in front and at the base. Elytra oblong, broad, sides almost parallel, apex rounded, disk convex, deeply punctate- striated, the punctures very evident, and the striae continued to the apex, before which however the third and fourth, as well as the fifth and sixth unite in pairs, the third interstice has two deeper impressions ; underside black, blue-black, or bronzed, with some punctuation on the thorax and breast ; legs, testaceous red, tibiae with a greenish or bluish metallic tinge. Length 2^ lines.

This insect is the Carabus velox of the Fauna Suecica, and I have accordingly restored the name.

CARABID^E. BEMBIDIUM. 209

It is very abundant on the gravelly beaches of rivers in the north of England, in Scotland and Wales. " Durham ; by the Ouseburn and Derwent in April and June." Mr. Bold. Coasts of Lancashire and Cumberland ; Midgeley Moor ; shores of the Thames at Richmond and Kew, &c.

45. B. pallidipenne : capite thoraceque viridi-aneis ; capite punctato; thoracesubcordatOipostice coarctato punctatoque ; elytris ovatis, punctato-striatis, pallide testaceis, fascid transversa dentata in medio retrorsum product^ fusco- senea; antennis pedibusque testaceis.

Elaphrus pallidipennis, 111. Mag. 1. 489.

Tacky pus pallidipennis, Steph. Manual, p. 59.

Bembidium pallidipenne, Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 487.

B. Andrea, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 15. — Dej. Spec. 5. 96 ; Icon. 4.

363. pi. 212. Tacky pus Andrea, Steph. Mand. 2. 29.

Head and thorax metallic green, or coppery, the former closely punctured and with a small fovea on each side ; antennse short and stout and together with the mandibles and palpi entirely testaceous ; eyes black and prominent. Thorax subcordate, sides dilated and rounded below the anterior angles, narrowed behind, disk convex, the base depressed and thickly punctured, the basal fovese very shallow, the lateral margins sometimes very finely and sparingly punctured, the dorsal line met in front by a transverse depression and intersected by numerous fine wrinkles. Elytra ovate, convex, testaceous yellow, scutellum greenish, a triangular space at the base of the suture together with a transverse dentate or deeply waved band a little behind the middle brownish bronze, disk punctate-striated about as far as the middle, the punctured striae effaced at the extremity, the third interstice with two more distinct small impressions ; legs testaceous. Length 2 lines.

This insect is not uncommon on the sedgy brinks of little streams and rills that run into the sea on the coasts of Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Dorset and Devon, &c., and is found in similar localities in the north of England, in Scotland and Ireland. From its habit of remaining concealed during the day at the roots of moist sedgy grass, it is very liable to be overlooked. I have found it on the edge of a little stream that runs down to the Smallmouth sands near Weymouth, by treading the wet herbage, which brings them out of their places of concealment ; though several entomologists, myself among the number, had previously searched the sides of that little rill without detecting it ; and I have procured it under similar circumstances near Barmouth on

p

210 CARABID^E. BEMBIDIUM.

the Welsh coast. Lough Neagh and Killarney are among its Irish localities.

46. B. paludosum : aneo-cupreum ; thorace subquadrato, angulis posticis obliquis acutiusculis ; elytris oblongis, punctato- striatis, foveolis duabus oblongis argenteis in singulo irapressis.

Elaphrus paludosus, Panz. Faun. 20.

Bembidium paludosum, Sturm, D. F. 6. 179. — Steph. Mand. 2.

30, et Manual, p. 59. — Dej. Spec. 5. 79 ; Icon. 4. 354. pi. 21 1 .

— Erichson,Kafer, 125. — Heer,Faun. Helv. 126. — Jacq.-Duv.

Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 473.

Above purplish brass variegated with copper, extremely brilliant during life. Head flattish, slightly channeled on each side between the eyes; antennae obscure with the base coppery. Thorax wider than the head, somewhat quadrate, the breadth being very little greater than the length, anterior margin truncate, with merely the angles minutely prominent, sides very little rounded in front and only slightly narrowed behind, posterior angles minute and acute, the base being obliquely sloped upwards towards them so as to render them slightly prominent, the dorsal furrow entire, transversely wrinkled, and intersected in front by a shallow curved impression and behind by another which extends along the base between the two basal fovese ; the latter are deeply impressed. Elytra oblong-ovate, broadest from below the humeral angles to behind the middle, thence gradually narrowed to the extremity, disk convex, deeply punctate-striated, the striae entire, but the punctures effaced towards the apex, the first and second striae unite at the extremity, the third and fourth and also the fifth and sixth are rather shorter and unite in pairs, the third interstice is broader than the others and bears two oblong silvery shallow pits, one about the middle, the other further behind, each with a minute puncture within it, the fourth and fifth striae are sinuated about the middle and occasionally some of the others also ; in fine fresh examples (but especially during life) all the spaces between the suture and the fourth stria are shining purplish copper, whilst the fifth, sixth and seventh interstices have patches of the same brilliant colour, the rest of the elytra being of a shining greenish copper colour, but the surface more or less variegated in different individuals; the underside of the body and the legs are obscure greenish bronze, base of the thighs testaceous. Length 21 lines.

Plentiful on the banks of the Tees; near Sheffield, and Carlisle ; " Mitford and the banks of the Till ; banks of the Derwent near

CARABID^E. BEMBIDIUM. 211

Winlaton mill and Gibside, in June." Mr. Bold. " In profusion on the banks of the Rye near Helmsley, Yorkshire, in the autumn/' Rev. A. Mat hews. It is found likewise in Wales ; Scotland; and at Lough Neagh and Kerry in Ireland.

(TACHYPUS, Megerle.)

47. B. flavipes : cupreo-teneum, subtiliter punctatum ; oculis

magnis valde prominulis ; thorace cordato ; elytris oblongis, viridi nebulosis ; antennis basi pedibusque testaceis.

Cicindel a flavipes y Linn. S. N. 1. 658. — Marsham, Ent. 394. Elaphrus flavipes, Fab. Mant. 1. 187.— Fab. S. El. 1. 246. Bembidium jlavipes, Gyll. Ins. Suec. 2. 12. — Steph. Mand. 2.

30, et Manual, p. 59.— Dej. Spec. 5. 192 ; Icon. 4. 460. pi. 223.

— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc. Ent. 9. 464.

Above brownish or greenish copper or brass, finely punctulated throughout ; eyes very prominent and large ; palpi and four joints at the base of the antennae testaceous, the rest obscure. Thorax small, cordate, sides rounded and widest about the middle, considerably contracted behind, moderately convex, the dorsal line abbreviated, the base very obsoletely foveated. Elytra ob- long, broad, rather straight in front and with the sides nearly parallel, clothed with a fine griseous pubescence and otherwise variegated with purplish and ashy streaks towards the sides, and exhibiting sufficiently evident though very faint traces of striae on the disk; the latter has likewise two larger impressions; under- side bluish or greenish bronze, legs pale testaceous. Length li line.

B. impressum of the Stephensian collection is a somewhat larger example of this insect, which is widely distributed in marshy places, in damp woods, on the banks of streams, &c. throughout the kingdom.

48. B. pallipes : cupreo-ceneum, subtilissime punctulatum ; oculis

magnis prominulis ; thorace oblongo-cordato ; elytris ob- longo-ovatis, viridi nebulosis; antennis basi pedibusque pallide flavis.

Elaphrus pallipes, Dufts. Faun. 2. 197.

Bembidium pallipes, Sturm, D. F. 6. 111. pi. 154.— Gyll. Ins.

Suec. 4. 400.— Steph. Mand. 2. 30, et Manual, p. 59.— Dej.

Spec. 5. 191 ; Icon. 4. 459.pl. 223.— Jacq.-Duv. Ann. Soc.

Ent. 9. 468.

Head and thorax coppery brass, shining, finely rugose, eyes large and prominent, antennae brown, with the basal joint above

212 CARABID.E. BEMBIDIUM.

and the tip of the second brassy green, the third, fourth, and sometimes the fifth, together with the palpi, testaceous. Thorax oblong, heart-shaped, sides regularly and moderately rounded till behind the middle, then contracted, posterior angles subrect- angular, the base being slightly sloped towards them, the disk very convex, the dorsal line and basal fovese slightly impressed. Elytra oblong-ovate, clothed sparingly with an irregular ashy pubescence most distinct on the sides, coppery brass, rather clouded on the disk, which offers some faint traces of striae near the suture and has two deep impressions, the sides variegated with rich green or purplish streaks, the punctuation of the entire surface very minute, with the exception of a few deeper impressions on the outer margin near the shoulder and at the apex, and the two deep impressions on each elytron above alluded to; the underside of the body is bluish or greenish bronze ; the legs pale testaceous. Length 2~ lines.

Rather a local species ; but found at Swansea ; Cromer and Aldborough ; on the banks of the Till and elsewhere in the north of England.

INDEX.

ABAX, 99

marginatum, 85

obsoleta, 117

striola, 99

micans, 92 modestum, 86

obtusa, 120 oricalcica, 125

ACRODON, 126

moestum, 89

ovata, 117

nigrum, 89

patricia, 127

ACTEPH1LUS, 152

parumpunctatum, 88

j>i«?a, 130

pumilus, 152

pelidnum, 92-94

plebeia, 124

vernalis, 152

piceum, 90

similata, 118

picipes, 92

spinipes, 129

ACUPALPUS, 163

plicicolle, 88

spreta, 1 19

cognatus, 163 collaris, 164

pullum, 90 pusillum, 90

strenua, 124 subcenea, 125

consputus, 157 dor salts, 158 exiguus, 161 harpalinus, 164 luridus, 161

4-puncfatum, 90, 95 rotundatum, 96 scitulum, 91 6-punctatum, 85 Simpsoni, 90

tibialis, 123 tricuspidata, 124 trivialis, 117 Vectensis, 124 viridis, 123

meridianus, 159 nigriceps, 160

strialum, 90 Thoreyi, 94

vulgaris, 120 Zabroides, 127

placidus, 162 similis, 165

versutum, 89 viduum, 88

AMBLYCHUS, 60

ADELOSIA, 102 jozcea, 102

vivale, 80 Amara 116

bipustulatus, 60 peltatus, 61

acuminata, 118

AMPHYGINUS, 74

Aepys, no

fulvescens, 171 marinus, 171

cerata, 119 apricaria, 128 fl^ra, 119 aulica 130

piceus, 74

Anchomenus, 81

Robinii, 171

fo/rows, 126

albipes, 84

AETOPHORUS, 6

brunnea, 126

angusticollis, 82

communis, 121

atratus, 89

imperialis, 6

consularis, 127

dorsalis, 83

AGONUM, 84

convexior, 120 convexiuscula, 130

fulgens, 87 fuliginosus, 90

o#ine, 93

cursor, 122

gracilis, 91

c/rwm, 89

curta, 119, 121

junceus, 81

atratum, 89, 91

discrepans, 126

laevis, 87

Austriacum, 86

erythropa, 123

livens, 82

bipunctatum, 82

eurynota, 119

lunatus, 68

consimile, 91

familiaris, 122

marginatus, 84

cupratum, 95

fulva, 129

memnonius, 82 -

cursitor, 92

gemina, 123

micans, 92

emarginatum, 89

m/ma, 123

modestus, 86

fulgens, 87

ingenua, 117, 125

mcestus, 89

fuliginosum, 90

/#ws, 122

oblongus, 84

fuscipenne, 90

fata, 125

pallipes, 83

gracile, 90, 91

laticollis, 120

parumpunctatm, 88

tevp, 89

lucida, 122

pelidnus, 93

livens, 82

mVufri, 124

piceus, 92

218

INDEX.

prasinus, 83

doris, 203

micros 166

4-punctatus, 95 scitulus, 91

ephippium, 197 fasciolatum, 191

pallidus, 168 poludosus 167

6-punctatus, 85 Thoreyi, 94 viduus, 88

femoratum, 181 flammulatum, 193 flavipes, 211

rubens, 166 unifasciatus, 166

Anisodactylus, 131

binotatus, 131

fluviatile, 184 fumigatum, 197 fuscicorne, 189

BLETHISA, 53 multipunctata, 53

poeciloides, 131 virens, 131

ARGUTOR, 108

anthr acinus, 108 depressus, 112 diligens, 111

gilvipes, 201 guttula, 180 lampros, 200 laterale, 175-206 Leachii, 175 littorale, 184 lunatum, 185

Brachinus, 19

crepitans, 20 explodens, 20 glabratus, 20 immaculicornis, 20 sclopeta, 20

erythropus, 110 in&qualis, 110 inquinatus, 109 interstinctus, 110 longicollis, 110 pullus, 111 rufomarginatus, 109

Mannerheimii, 202 marinum, 180 monticulum, 189 nitidulum, 190 uormannum, 204 obliquum, 195 obscurum, 182

Bradycellus, 162

cognatus, 163 collaris, 164 fulvus, 163 placidus, 162 similis, 165

strenuus, 111 vemalis, 109

obsoletum, 186 obtusum, 177

BRADYTUS, 127

olivaceum, 192

apricarius, 128

ATTELABUS, 5

pallidipenne, 198-209

consularis, 128

melanurus, 5

pallipes, 211 paludosum, 210

crassus, 128 ferrugineus, 129

Badister, 59

prasinum, 192 pumilio, 178

fulvus, 129 marginatus, 127

bipustulatus, 60

punctatulum, 208

torridus, 128

cephalotes, 60

pusillum, 202

humeralis, 61

4-guttatum, 205

Broscus, us

lacertosus, 60 microcephalus, 60

4-maculatum, 207 5-striatum, 177

cephalotes, 114

peltatus, 61

rufescens, 178

BUPRESTIS, 116

sodalis, 62 suturalis, 60

rufipes, 188-190 rupestre, 184-196

bicolor, 83

unipustulatus, 60

saxatile, 185

piger, 116

Bembidium, 174

Schuppelii, 201 scutellare, 175

Calathus, 74

aeneum, 180

secale, 170

apicalis, 77

aerosum, 208

Stomoides, 188

Cisteloides, 75

affine, 190

striatum, 208

crocopus, 76

o/fo>e«, 188

sulcatulum, 174

flavipes, 76

Andrea, 184-209

testaceum, 186

fulvipes, 76

areolatum, 173

tibiale, 191

fuscus, 76

articulatum, 205

tricolor, 187

glabripennis, 78

assimile, 198

undulatum, 193

melanocephalus, 77

biguttatum, 179

ustulatum, 194

microcephalus, 78

bipunctatum, 207

varium, 194-196

micropterus, 78

bistriatum, 176

velox, 208

nollis, 77

Bruxellense, 182

velox, 200

nubigena, 79

callosum, 206

vulneratum, 179

ochropterus, 77

celere, 200 chlorophanum, 208

Blemus, 172

)iceus, 74 rotundicollis, 74

Clarkii, 199

areolatus, 173

'ufangulus, 76

concinnura, 18*3

discus, 166

decorum, 187

apidosus, 168

Callistus, 68

Dejeanii, 197

ongicornis, 167

iinatus, 68

INDEX.

219

Calosoma, 41

ecorus, 187 epressus, 62-148

meridianus, 159 micropterus, 78

inquisitor, 42 Sycophanta, 42

dimidiatus, 98 discoideus, 145

micros, 166 minutus, 169

'iscus, 165

mwstus, 89

Carabus, 34

?om, 203

mo«zs, 77

acuminatus, 118

dorsalis, 83, 1 58

monilis, 35

ceneus, 140

dorsiger, 62

multipunctatus, 53

jftthiops, 103

phippium, 198

nemoralis, 41

afer, 89

rythropus, 110

m^er, 100

agilis, 8

eurynotus, 118

nigricornis, 66

agrorum, 67

exasperatus, 39

nt^rsYa, 107

albipes, 84

excavatus, 72

nigropiceus, 174

angusticollis, 82

familiaris, 122

nitens, 39

anthracinus, 107

fasciatus, 11

nitidulus. 190

anxius, 151

fasciolatus, 24

tiivafo, 48

apricarius, 128

femoralis, 13

oblongo-punctatus, 101

arenarius, 46

fenestratus, 8

oblongus, 84

areolatus, 173

ferrugineus, 45

obscurus, 134

articulatus, 205

flavipes, 76

obsoletus, 118

arvensis, 36

foraminulosus, 137

ochropterus, 77

aterrimus, 104

frigidus, 75

oricalcicus, 126

atratus, 89

fuliginosus, 90

owa^», 117

atricapillus, 6

fulvipes, 146

pallipes, 83

aulicus, 130

/Mfews, 129

varumpunctatus, 88

auratus, 38

fuscus, 76

patricius, 127

Austriacus, 86

germanus, 132

pelidnus, 92-93

axillaris, 22

^iAAiw, 116

peltatus, 61

azureus, 134

glabratus, 40

PefjtfK, 145

Azcofor, 129

granulatus, 37

piceus, 74-92

biguttatus, 179

gut tula, 180

picimanus, 102

binotatus, 131

heemorrhoidalis, 18

picipennis, 152

bipunctatus, 207

Helopioides, 64

picipes, 92

bipustulatus, 60

holosericeus, 64

pilicornis, 58

borealis, 49

honestus, 141

planus, 74

brevicollis, 48

hortensis, 41

prasinus, 83

cancellatus, 37

humeralis, 22

preeustus, 45

cassidens, 62

ignavus, 141

pubescens, 138

catenulatus, 35

incequalis, 110

pumicatus, 113

cefer, 200

ingenuus, 125

punctatulus, 135

cephalotes, 114

inquisitor, 42

puncticollis, 137

chalceus, 70

intricatus, 34

purpurascens, 39

chlorocephalus, 19

junceus, 82

±-guttatus, 206

chlorophanus, 134

/#MS, 87

4-maculatus, 9

Cisteloides, 75

lampros, 200

4-notatus, 10

clathratus, 38

lateralis, 47

^-punctatus, 95

collaris, 25, 164

lepidus, 98

4-striatus, 169

complanatus, 46

leucophthalmus, 74

rotunda tus, 96

consitus, 35

limbatus, 146

rotundicollis, 96

consputus, 157

linearis, 8

rubens, 167

consularls, 128

littoralis, 47, 70, 184

rubripes, 147

convexiusculus, 130

lividus, 126

rufangulus, 76

convexus, 40

longicollis, 110

rufescens, 45

cordatus, 137

lucidus, 123

ruficollis, 112

crepitans, 20

lunatus, 68

ruficornis, 140

emr major, 58

luteicornis, 143

rufipes, 76

crw^r minor, 17

madidus, 103

rufimanus, 149

cuniculinus, 142

marginatus, 85

sabulicola, 133

cupreus, 97

melampus, 148

sabulosus, 47

cyaneus, 34

melanarius, 106

Scalesii, 110

cyanocephalus, 18

melanocephalus, 77

Sclopeta, 20

220

INDEX.

secalis, 170 serripes, 150 b-punctatus, 85 sigma, 11 Silphoides, 63

riparia, 2 rupestris, 196 sylvatica, 1 sylvicola, 2

angustatus, 13 bipennifer, 11 bipunctatus, 15 fasciatus, 12

spinibarbis, 43 spinilabris, 45

CILLENUM, 175

femoralis, 13 fenestratus, 8

spinipes, 130 strenuus, 111 striola, 99

laterale, 176 minimum, 24

foveolus, 14 glabratus, 13 imperialis, 6

subcyaneus, 73 sulcicollis, 64

CILLENUS, 175

impunctatus, 15- linearis, 8

Sycophanta, 42

lateralis, 1 75

longiceps, 7

tardus, 149

maurus, 13

tempestivus, 169 terricola, 73

Clivina, 24

melanocephalus, 12 meridionalis, 8

Teutonus, 154

<zwea, 31

obscuroguttatus, 14

tibialis, 123

arenaria, 25

i punctatellus, 14

trivialis, 117

arctica, 115

quadrillum, 15

truncatellus, 13

collaris, 25

4-maculatus, 9

turcicus, 17

elongata, 27

4-notatus, 10

ustulatus, 194-196

fossor, 24

4-signatus, 10

vaporariorum, 23, 154

#z££«, 32

sigma, 11

farm*, 194, 196

metallica, 27

spilotus, 15

tftf/o-r, 208

minima, 33

truncatellus, 13

oernalis, 152

wz>nz, 30

unipunctatus, 7

vespertinus, 155

nitida, 26

vestitus, 67

obscura, 29

Drypta,4

viduus, 88 violaceus, 39

polita, 27 thoracica, 30

emarginata, 4

viridanus, 83 viridis, 123

CURTONOTUS, 129

Dyschirius, 25

vivalis, 80 vulgaris, 120 Ziegleri, 155

oonvexiusculus, 130 -/««?«», 130

aeneus, 31 aratus, 31 arenosus, 26, 30

CELIA., 125

Cychrus, 33

cylindricus, 27 digit atus, 26

CEPHALOTKS, 114

rostratus, 33

fulvipes, 26 gibbus, 33

vulgaris, 114

CYMINDIS, 21

globosus, 32

jejunus, 31

Chlaenius, 64

basalts, 23

impunctipennis, 29

agrorum, 67 fulgidus, 66 holosericeus, 65 melanocomis, 66

homagrica, 22 inermis, 26 humeralis, 21 minimus, 33 punctata, 23 nitidus, 26 obscurus, 29

Y1-. i . r>nlifno OT

nigricornis, 66 sulcicollis, 64 vestitus, 67 xanthopm, 66 j

Demetnas, 5 ^

atricapilla, 6 rtonyatula, 6 i mperialis, 6 s

mnctatus, 28 msillus, 31 "ufipes, 28 alinus, 28

Cicindela, 1 «

nonostigma, 7 t obscura, 6 /

horacicus, 30 m/M, 31

aprica, 2 l

mipunctata, 7

aquatica, 54 campestris, 3 ,ftavipes, 211

Diachromus, 132

Elaphrus, so

quaticus, 54

germanica, 3 8

ermanus, 132 *

'guttatus, 56

Iiybrida, 2

4

'striatus, 17fi

marina, 171

Dromius, 7 C1

jpreus, 51

maritima, 3 a

'corws, 187

/^

0m, 203

INDEX.

221

flavipes, 211

atricornis, 144

marginellus, 147

fumigatus, 197 Lapponicus, 51 lunatus, 185

atrocaeruleus, 141 attenuates, 143 aulicus, 129

melampus, 148 * melanarius, 106 melancholicus, 150

multipunctatus, 53

azurescens, 147

melanocephalus, 77

pallidipennis, 209

azureus, 134, 147

meridianus, 159

pallipes,2ll

bifrons, 126

micropterus, 78

paludosus, 210

binotatus, 131

minor, 108

palustris, 54

brevicollis, 138

neglectus, 152

prasinus, 192

brunneus, 126

m#er, 100

pumilio, 178

Ca/er, 145

nigricornis, 144

4-guttatus, 206

calceatus, 131

nigripes, 151

4-maculatus, 207

cephalotes, 114

nigrocaeruleus, 147

riparius, 52

chlorophanus, 135

nitidus, 141

rupestris, 196

chloropterus, 147

notatus, 141

semipunctatus, 56

Cisteloides, 75

oblongo-punctatus, 101

stria tus, 208

cognatus, 163

oblongus, 84

testaceus, 186

collaris, 164-165

obscuricornis, 141

tibialis, 191

communis, 121

obscurus, 134

uliginosus, 50

confusus, 140

obsoletus, 139

consent aneus, 143

parumpunctatus, 88

EPAPHIUS,170

cor acinus, 151

pelidnus, 93

secalis, 170

cordatus, 136 cribellum, 138

perplexus, 145 Pe*t#K, 147

FERONIA 103

cuniculinus, 142

picipes, 92

jEthiops, 103 anthracina, 107 aterrima, 104

cupreus, 148 cupreus. 97 depressus, 148 discoideus, 145

picilabris, 143 picipennis, 153 jt?(?er, 151, 152 placidus, 162

cuprea, 97 depressa, 112 dimidiata, 98 gracilis, 108

dor salts, 158 emarginatus, 89 familiaris, 122 femoralis, 151

plebeius, 124 prasinus, 83 poeciloides, 131 pubescens, 138

lepida, 99 madida, 103 melanaria, 106 wmor, 108 negligens, 110

flaviventris, 151 foraminulosus, 137 f uliginosus, 149 fulvipes, 146 fulvipes, 76

pullus, 111 pumicatus, 113 punctatulus, 135 puncticollis, 137 punc tiger, 147

nigra, 100 nigrita, 106 oblongo-punctata, 101 parumpunctata, 101

fulvus, 129 fuscipalpis, 150 fuscus, 76 germanus, 132

pygmoeus, 110 4-punctatus, 95 rotundatns, 96 rubripes, 147

picimana, 102 jtm/ta, 111 strenua, 110

gib bus, 116 gracilis, 91 Helopioides, 64

ruficeps, 146 ruficornis, 139 rufimanus, 149

s trio la, 99 vernalis, 109

holosericeus, 65 honestus, 141

ruftpalpis, 141 ruftpes, 72

GALERITA, 24

ignavus, 147

rufit arsis, 131

fasciolata, 24

ingenuus, 125 lateralis, 146

rupicola, 136 sabulicola, 133

Harpalus, 33

totas, 128, 149 lentus, 147

semiviolaceus, 148 serripes, 150

acuminatus, 118, 146

lepidus, 98

servus, 143

aeneus, 140

leucophthalmus, 74

6-punctatus, 85

albipes, 84

limbatus, 146

similatus, 118

angusticollis, 82

livens, 82

strenuus, 110

annulicornis, 141

luridipennis, 69

striola, 99

anthracinm, 107

luteicornis, 143

stygius, 150

anxius, 151

luteicornis, 151

subcordatus, 137

apricarius, 128

maculicornis, 141

subcyancus, 73

aterrimuft, 104

marginatus, 85

subsinuatus, 147

222

INDEX.

sulcicollis, 64

montanus, 44

castanopterus, 198

sulphuripes, 141

nigricans, 43

ephippium, 198

tardus, 149

rufescens, 45

fumigatus, 196

tenebrosus, 150

spinibarbis, 43

nebulosus, 194

thoracicus, 148

spinilabris, 45

obliquus, 194

trivialis, 119

terminatus, 45

stictus, 197

vaporariorum, 154 vernalis, 109, 152

LEJA, 200

undulatus, 193 ustulatus, 194

VGstitus 67

viduus, 88

Licinus, 62

Notiophilus, 53

vulgaris, 120 Wetterhallii, 153 Wollastoni, 144

depressus, 62 Silphoides, 63

aquaticus, 54 biguttatus, 56 brevicollis, 54

LIONYCHUS, 15

HELOBIA 47

^

quadrillum, 15

latior, 54

(Rthiops, 48

latus, 56

brevicollis, 47

LOPHA, 203

metallicus, 54

Gyllenhalii, 48 /a/a, 48 Marshallana, 48 nivalis, 48 varicornis, 48

assimilis, 204 CfarJh't, 199 Dom, 198 hcemorrhoidalis, 204

Newmanii, 54 nitidus, 56 palustris, 54 4-punctatus, 57 rufipes, 55

LAMPRIAS, 18

nt^rfl, 202

semipunctatus, 55 striatus, 56

chlorocephalus, 18 cyanocephalus, 19 nigritarsis, 13

pcecila, 205 pulchella, 200 pulicaria, 202 pusilla, 204

substriatus, 56 tibialis, 54

OCYDROMUS, 193

yufij}€S) iy

Lebia, 16

fl^zYw, 8

4-guttata, 206 4-maculata, 207 Spentii, 198

flammulatus, 193 OCYS, 177

atricapilla, 6

Loricera, 57

currens, 178

cblorocephala, 19 crux minor, 17

pilicornis, 58

melanocephalus, 178 tempestivus, 178

cyanocephala, 18 fasciata, 12 foveola, 14 glabrata, 13 hsemorrhoidalis, 18

Lymnseum, 173

areolatum, 173 depressum, 173 nigro-piceum, 174

Odacantha, 5

melanura, 5 ODONTONYX, 96

homagrica, 22 humeralis, 21

Masorens, 153

rotundicollis, 96

linearis, 8 obscuroguttata, 14 punctatella, 14 quadrillum, 15

luxatus, 153 Wetterhallii, 153

Miscodera, us

Olisthopus, 95

rotundatus, 95 OMASEUS, 104

4-maculata, 9

arctica, 115

a^fnw, 106

\-notata, 10

ant hr acinus, 107

truncatella, 13

Nebria, 46

aterrimus, 104

turcica, 17

arenaria, 46

Bulwerii, 105

borealis, 49

IcBvigatus, 108

LEIOCHITON, 115

brevicollis, 47

melanarius, 106

arcticum, 115

complanata, 46

nigrita, 107

Readii, 115

lateralis, 47

Orinomum, 105

livida, 47

rotundicollis, 108

Leistus, 43

multipunctata, 53

ruftfemoratus. 107

caeruleus, 43

nivalis, 48

sulcatus, 106

ferr^gineus, 45

sabulosa, 47

tetricus, 108

fulvibarbis, 44 indentatus, 44

NOTAPHUS, 193

Oodes, 63

Janus, 44

lifasciatus, 194 Helopioides, 64

INDEX.

223

OPHONUS, 133

biguttatus, 179

macer, 102

azureus, 134 cribellum, 138 foraminulosus, 137 germanus, 132 niiidulus, 135 obscurus, 134 obsolefus, 139 pubescens, 139 punctatissimus, 137 punctatulus, 135

fuscipes, 179 guttula, 180 hcemorrhous, 181 subfenestratus, 179

PLATYDERUS, 112 ruficollis, 112

PLATYNUS, 81

angusticollis, 82

madidus, 103 melanarius, 106 minor, 108 niger, 100 nigrita, 106 oblongo-punctatus, 101 Oririomus, 105 parumpunctatus, 100 picimanus, 102 ruficollis, 112 strcimus 111

puncticeps, 137 puncticollis, 138 sabulicola, 133

PLATYSMA, 101 aterrima, 104

striola, 99 vernalis, 109

stictus, 134 crenata, 109

SCARITES, 25

subpunctatus, 138 cuprea, 97

arenarius, 25

Panagaeus, 58

dimidiata, ya fejozWa, 99

arcticus, 115 fossor, 25

CTM.T, 58

littoralis, 70

gibbus, 32

crux major, 58

madida, 103

globosus, 32

4-pustulatus, 59

nigra, 100 oblongo-punctata, 101

thoracicus, 30

Patrobus, 71

alpinus, 72

picimana, 102 rufipes, 72 versicolor, 97

Sphodrus, 73

leucophthalmus, 74

excavatus, 72

planus, 74

rufipes, 72

PCECTLUS, 97

subcyaneus, 74

septentrionis, 72

cupreus, 97

Stenolophus, 154

PELOPHILA, 49 borealis, 49

dimidiatus, 97 lepidus, 98 versicolor, 97

consputus, 157 derelictus, 159 dorsalis, 158

PERCOSIA, 127

Pogonus, 69

elegaus, 156 exiguus, 161

PERYPHUS, 181

(Eruginosus, 70

flavicollis, 160

o#ftii«, 191

Burrellii, 69

luridus, 160

a^i/fe, 189

chalceus, 70

meridianus, 159

albipes, 187

halophilus, 70

Skrimshiranus, 155

atrocaruleus, 191

littoralis, 70

Teutonus, 154

cnemerythrus, 191

luridipennis, 69

vaporariorum, 154

concinnus, 183 d(?Q(ms, 1 84

Polystichus, 24

vespertinus, 155

femoratus, 181

fasciolatus, 24

STEROPUS, 103

Leachii, 192

vittatus, 24

athiops, 103

littoralis, 184 lunatus, 185

Pristonychus, 73

arrogans, 103 cognatus, 104

maritimus, 181

subci/aneus, 73

concinnus, 104

monticulus, 189

Terricola, 73

madidus, 103

neglectus, 187

nitidulus, 190

Pterostichus, 96

Stomis, 113

olivaceus, 192

.Ethiops, 103

pumicatus, 113

rufipes, 191

anthracinus, 107

saxatilis, 186 tetraspilotus, 184

aterrimus, 104 brunnipes, 101

Synuchus, 80

vivalis, 80

Itfsafo, 191

cupreus, 97

ustus, 185

dimidiatus, 97

TACHIS, 178

viridi-aeneus, 187 PHILOCTHUS, 179

erythropus, 110 gracilis, 107 inaequalis, 110

rufescens, 178 TACHYPUS, 200

oeneus, 180

lepidus, 98

acutus, 200

224

INDEX.

andrea, 209 bipunctatus, 207 celer, 200 chalceus, 200 chlorophanus, 208 orichalcicm, 200 pallidipennis, 209 properans, 200 striatus, 208

TACHYS, 175

binotatus, 181 gracilis, 177 immunis, 177 maritimus, 176 minutissirmis, 176 obtusus, 177 pusillus,l77 scutellaris, 176 vittatus, 181

TAPHRIA, 80 vivalis, 80

Tarus, 21

angularis, 22 axillaris, 22 ta?, 23

coadnutus, 22 homagricus, 22 humeralis, 21 Itevigatus, 22 macularis, 22 vaporariorum, 23

TENEBRIO, 25 fossor, 25 rostratus, 33

Trechus, 165

aquations, 169

brunnipes, 164

cognatus, 163 i collaris, 164

consputus, 157

discus, 165

dor sails, 158 flamcollis, 160-161

fulvescens, 171 fulvus, 164 fuscipennis, 169

incilis, 168

lapidosus, 168

Iffivis, 169

laticollis, 153

littoralis, 167

longicornis, 167 meridianus, 159 micros, 166 minutus, 169 mYzWw5, 161 obtusus, 169 pallidus, 164 paludosus, 167 parvulus, 158 placidus, 162 Robinii, 171 rubens, 167 rubens, 169 ruficollis, 165 scutellaris, 176 secalis, 170 suturalis, 159 , 169

TRIMORPHUS, 61

confinis, 62 £"rro, 61 scapularis, 62

Zabrus, H5

ffibbus, 116 pigef, 116

THE END.

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