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NATURAL
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EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA.

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GEOGRAPHICAL AND COMPARATIVE

LIST OF THE

BIRDS

OF

EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA.

BY
CHARLES LUCIAN BONAPARTE,

PRINCE OF MUSIGNANO.

LONDON :
JOHN VAN VOORST, 1, PATERNOSTER-ROW.

1838.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY MANNING AND SMITHSON,
IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.

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PREFACE.

Tae Comparative List of Birds of Rome and Philadelphia,
which was first published in the 33rd No. of the ‘* Nuovo
Giornale de’ Letterati,” and printed as a separate Tract at Pisa
in 1827, having met with the kind attention of several eminent

Ornithologists, both in this country and on the Continent, I

tains the most complete list hitherto published of the Birds of
each, arranged under their respective Genera and Tribes accord-
ing to the present state of Ornithology.

The Genera are arranged in these lists in Families and
Tribes according to the general system of Birds on which I have
been long engaged, and which I now hope very shortly to bring

before the Public. It is necessary to make this remark, as some

2 of the groups may not appear to follow in their most natural

order, if the Birds in the list are alone taken into consideration ;
but this arises from my series of affinities being filled up and
completed by Birds which are not found either in Europe or

North America.

vi PREFACE.

The specific name adopted in this catalogue is always that
used by Linneeus, or the first describer after the establishment of
his Binominal Nomenclature to whom I can with certainty refer
the species. If by any mistake this should not be the case, it
has arisen from oversight, or from my not having been able to
determine, with certainty, any previous description; but when-
ever any instance of this kind is pointed out to my satisfaction, I
shall be always glad to adopt the correction.

Although I myself make it a rule, when in want of a name,
always to ascertain whether an appropriate denomination is to be
fond in the writings of the older Naturalists, I do not think
that any Naturalist is bound to do so; and in no case do I
consider it right to take any of the names of the older authors,
however great may be their merits, in preference to those given
by Linneus. We owe this compliment to that great man; and
besides, it is not fair to assume that our Binominal system of
Nomenclature was established before his time, because we meet
with a few instances capable of being referred to the invaluable
principle which he was the first to generalize and render uni-
versal. Throughout the list, I have quoted as Types of the
Species under consideration, the figures of the great works of
Mr. Gould and M. Audubon on the Ornithology of the two
regions, as they must be considered the standard works on the
subject. The merit of M. Audubon’s work yields only to the
size of his book; while Mr. Gould’s work on the Birds of
Europe, inferior in size to that of M. Audubon’s, is the most
beautiful work on Ornithology that has ever appeared in this or
any other country. The latter Ornithologist has expressed his

intention of including in his Supplement all the European

PREFACE. vil

Species indicated in this list that have not yet appeared in his
work, together with such others as his unrivalled industry may
add to the existing Fauna.

It is easy to perceive the advantages likely to result from a
careful comparison of the natural productions of a fully inhabited
country with those of another, the climate of which is in many
respects the same. Botanists have contributed much to further,
so to speak, our acquaintance with the Planet on which we live :
I refer especially to those Botanists who continue daily to add to
the edifice of Vegetable Geography ;—a temple of which the
foundations were laid, and the framework erected, by the truly
illustrious Humboldt.

Zoologists, however, up to the present time have been most
remiss in their attention to Ornithological Geography ; and I am
not on that account the more backward in contributing my share
to this branch of knowledge. As in the Specchio Comparativo,
the reader will find in the same line the species which are common
to both Continents, as well as those which, although different, are
to be regarded as corresponding to each other, by a greater or
less degree of affinity or analogy.

A synonymy is added, to point out the species which I have
in view, and selected in such a way as always to give infor-

mation or present interest.

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GEOGRAPHICAL AND COMPARATIVE

Pio t OF THE BIRDS

OF

Europe and North America,

AVES.

SUBCLASSIS I.—INSESSORES.

ORDO I.—ACCIPITRES.
FAMILIA I.—VULTURID&.

Europe. Morth America,
a. VULTURINE.
Genus 1. Neoruron, Savigny. Genus 2. Caruartes, Ill.

1. Neorpuron PercnorTerus, Sav. 1. Caruartes Iota, Nob. (Vultur
(Vultur Percnopterus, LL.) atratus, Wils.) Audubon,
Gould, Birds of Europe, pl. 13. Birds of America, pl. 106.
South of Europe. South of North America.

2. Catuartes Aura, Ill. (Vultur
aura, I.) Aud. pl. 151,
South of North America.

3.CaTrHartesCarirornianus,Ranz.
(Vultur Californianus, Shaw.)
Aud. pl. 411. South-west.

Gen. 3. Sarcorampuus, Dum.

4. Sancorampuus Grypuus, Dum.
(Vultur Gryphus, L.) Nob.
Am. Orn. iv. pl. 1. Acci-
dental in the south-west.

Cr

SarcoramMenus Papa, Dum.
(Vultur Papa, UL.) Buffon,
pl. enl. 428. Accidental in the
most southern parts.

B

2 European and American Birds.

Genus 4. Vuttur, L.

2. Vuutur Futvus, L. Gould,
pl. 1. South of Europe.

3. Vuttur Koxrsu, Lath. Gould,
pl. suppl. South of Europe.
Gen. 5. Gyps, Sav.

4. Gyrs Cinerevus, Sav. (Vultur
cinereus, Gm.) Gould, pl. 2.
South of Europe. .

b GYPAETINE.

Gen. 6. Gyeaitos, Storr.

5. Gyprairos Barsatus, Storr.
(Vultur barbatus, L.) South
and Alps of Europe.

FAMILIA IJ.—FALCONIDZ.

a POLYBORINE.

Gen. 7. Potysorus, Vieill.

6. Potysorus Brasiiiensis, Sw.
( Falco brasiliensis, Lath.) Aud.
pl.161. South of North Ame-
rica.

b. AQUILINE.

Gen. 8, Aaguita, Brisson.

6. Aquita Curysazros, Cuv. ( Fal- 7. Aquita Curysaztos. (Falco
co chrysaétos § fulvus, L.) fulvous, Wils.) Aud. pl. 81.
Gould, pl. 6. Europe gene- Northern parts.
rally.

7. Aquita Hetraca, Sav. ( Falco
imperialis, Bechst.) Gould,
pl. 5. South of Europe.

8. Aqutta Bonetuu, Nob. ( Falco .
Bonelli, Temm.) Gould, pl. 7.
Sardinia.

9. Aquira Navia, Briss. ( Falco
nevius § maculatus, Gm.)
Gould, pl.8. Eastern Europe.

10. Aquinas Pennata, Cuv. ( Falco

pennatus, Gm.) Gould, pl. 9.
Eastern Europe.

Curopean

and American Birds, 3

Genus 9. Hatiaiitos, Sav.

11. Hatratros Axsiciiia, Sav.
(Falco albicilla § ossifragus,
Gm.) Gould, pl.10. Europe

generally.
12.

Hawiaittos Levcocernauus,
Sav. (Falco leucocephalus, L.)
Gould, pl. 11. Accidental in

northern Europe.
Gen. 10.

Panpion Hatrairus, Sav.
( Falco haliaétus, L.) Gould,
pl. 12. Europe generally.

13.

Gen. 11. Circaktos, Vieill.

Crrcaétos Gaxuicus, Nob.
(Falco gallicus, Gm.) Gould,
pl. 138. Central and southern
Europe.

14.

8. Hatrattos Wasurncton1, Nob.
(Faleo Washingtoni, Aud.)
Aud. pl. 11. Northern parts.

9. Hatrattros Lrucocernauus.
(Falco leucocephalus, Wiis.)
Aud. pl. 31 adult, pl. 126 young.
Northern parts.

Panpron, Say.

10. Panpron Caroninensts, Nob.
(Falco carolinensis, Gm.) Aud.
pl. 81. America generally.

c. BUTEONINE.

Gen. 12. Buraétes, Less.

Burattes Lacorus, Less. (Fal-
co lagopus, L.) Gould, pl.
15. Northern and central
Europe.

15.

Gen. 13.

16 Burro Vutearis, Bechst. (Fal-
co Buteo. L.) | Gould, pl. 14.
Europe generally,

Conf. Buteo Mutans, Vieill.
Buteo Fasciatus, Vieill. Buteo
Pojana, Savi.

Gen. 14. Pernis, Cuv.

17, Pernis Aptvorus, Cuv. (Falco
apivorus, L.) Gould, pl. 16.
Europe generally.

(Archibuteo, Brehm.)

11. Buraitres Sancri-JoHannis,
Nob. (Falco lagopus § niger,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 422 adult, and
pl. 166 young. America gene-
rally.

Bureo, Bechst.

12. Bureo Swatnsont, Nob.) Buteo
vulgaris, Aud.) Aud. pl. 372.

13. Burro Haruani. Aud. pl. 86.
Southern parts.

14, Bureo Boreaurs, Nob. (Falco
borealis &§ leverianus, Gm.)
Aud. pl. 51. America gene-
rally.

15, Burzo Hyematis, Nob. (Falco
hyemalis § lineatus, Gm.) Aud.
pl. 56. America generally.

16. Bureo Harnist, Aud. pl. 392.

17. Burro Pennsyivanicus, Wils.
(Falco pennsylvanicus, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 91. America gene-
rally.

4 Curopean

American Birds.

d. MILVINZ.

Genus 15. Muxvus, Bechst.
18. Mirvus Nicer, Briss. (alco
ater § Aeguptius, Gm.)
Gould, pl. 29. Central Eu-
rope.
19. Mitvus Reeatis, Briss. (Falco
Milvus, L.) Gould, pl. 28.
Europe generally.

Gen. 16.

20. Naucterus Furcatus, Vig.
(Falco furcatus, L.) Gould,
pl. 380. Accidental.

Gen. 17.
21. Eranus Metanopterus, Leach.

(Falco melanopterus, Daud.)
Gould, pl. 31. Accidental.

Navctervs, Vig.

18. Nauciterus Furcatus, Vig.
(Falco furcatus, Wils.) Aud.
pl.72. Southern parts.

Exanus, Sav.

19. Eranus Leucurus, Nob.( Falco
dispar, Temm.) Aud. pl. 352.
Southern parts.

Gen. 18. Icrinta, Vieill.

20. Icrrnra Prumsea, Vieill. (Fal-
co Mississipiensis, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 117. Southern parts.

e. FALCONING.

Gen. 19.

22, Fatco Gyrratco, L. (Falco
islandicus, Lath.) Gould,
pl. 19. Northern Europe.

Genus Hierojalco, Cuv.

23. Fatco Lanarius, L. Gould,
pl. 20. Eastern Europe.

24, Fatco Perecrinus, L. Gould,
pl. 21. Europe generally.

25. Fatco Sussureo, L. Gould,
pl. 22. Europe generally.
Genus Hypotriorchis, Boie.

26. Fatco Hsaton, Gm. (Falco
Lithofalco, Gm.) Gould, pl.
24. Europe generally,

27. Fatco Concotor, Temm.
Gould, pl. 25. South-eastern
Europe.

28. Fatco Vespertinus, Gm.
(Falco rufipes, Bechst.) Gould,
pl. 23. Europe generally.

Genus Erythropus, Brehm.

Fatco, L.

21. Fatco Gyrratco, L. (Falco
aslandicus, Lath.) Aud. pl. 366.
and pl. 196 young. Northern
parts.

22, Fatco Anatum, Nob. (Falco
peregrinus, Wils.) Aud. pl. 16.
Northern parts.

23. Fatco Cotumsarius, L. (Falco
temerarius, Aud.) Aud. pl. 75
adult, and pl. 92 young. North-
ern parts.

29:

30.

31,

32.

33,

34.

36.

Curopean

American Birds, 5

Genus 20. Crrcunets, Boie, (Zinnunculus ? Vieill.)

Cercunets TinNuNCULUS, Boie.
Faico tinnunculus, L.) Gould,
pl. 26. Europe generally.

Cercuners Cencurtis, Brehm.
(Falco Tinnunculoides, Temm,)
Gould, pl. 27. Southern Eu-
rope.

24. Cercuneis Sparverius, Boie.

Falco sparverius, L.) Aud. pl.
142. America generally.

jf: ACCIPITRINZ.

Gen. 21.

Acciriter Nisus, Nob. (Falco
misus, L.) Gould, pl. 18.
Europe generally.

AccipiTEr, Ray.

(Nisus, Cuv. )

25, Accipiter Fuscus, Nob. (Fal-
co velox § pennsylvanicus, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 374. America gene-
rally.

Gen. 22. Astur, Cuv.)

Astur Patumpartius, Bechst.
( Falco palumbarius, L.) Gould,
pl. 17. Europe generally.

26. Astur Cooreri, Nob. (Falco
Stanleyi, Aud.) Aud. pl. 36.
America generally.

27. Astur Arricapittus, Nob.
(Falco palumbarius, Aud.)
Aud. pl. 141. Northern parts.

g. CIRCINZ.

Gen. 23.

Circus AZrucinosus, Nob.
( Falco eruginosus, L. § rufus,
Gm.) Gould, pl. 32. Europe
generally.

Circus, Bechst.

Gen. 24. Srricicers, Nob.

Srricicers Pycarcus, Nob.
(Falco Pygargus & cyaneus,
L.) Gould, pl. 33. Europe
generally.

Srricicers Paruius, Nob.
( Circus pallidus, Sykes.) Gould,
pl. 84. Southern Europe.

Srricicers Crneraceus, Nob.
(Circus Montagu, Vieill.)
Gould, pl, 35. Europe gene-
rally.

28. Stricicers Uxiainosus, Nob.
(Falco cyaneus, Aud.) Aud.
pl. 356. America generally.

6 Curopean ant Amertean Birds.
FAMILIA III. STRIGIDA.
a SURNINZ.

Genus 25. Surnia, Dum.

37. Surnta Funerea, Dum. (Strix 29. Surnra Funerga, Nob. (Strix
JSunerea, Lath. nec. L.) Gould, funerea, Wils.) Aud. pl. 378.
pl. 45. Northern Europe. Northern parts.

Gen. 26, Nycrea, Nob.

38. Nycrea Canpipa, Nob. (Strix 30. Nycrea Canprpa, Nob. (Strix
nyctea, Li.) Gould, pl. 43. Nyctea, Wils.) Aud. pl. 121.
Northern Europe. Northern parts.

Gen. 27. Guaucipium, Boie.

39. GiaucipiuMm PassErinuMm, Boie.
Strix Acadica,Temm.) Gould,
pl.50. North-eastern Europe.

Gen. 28. ArueEnt, Boie. (Vyctipetes, Sw.)

40. AruEene Noctua, Nob. (Strix 31. ATHENE CunicuLaria, Nob.
Passerina, Temm. nec. L.) (Stria cunicularia, Mol.) Aud.
Gould, pl. 48. Europe gene- pl.412. North-western parts.
rally.

Gen. 29. Scops, Sav.

41. Scors Atprovann1, Ray. (Strix 32. Scors Astro, Nob. (Stria Asio
Scops, L.) Gould, pl. 41. § nevia, Gm.) Aud. pl. 97.
Southern and central Europe. America generally.

b. BUBONINE.

Gen. 30. Buso, Cuv. (Asio § Heliaptex, Sw.)

42. Buso Ascataruus, Sav. (Strix
Ascalaphus,'Temm.) Gould,
pl. 38. Eastern Europe.

43. Buso Maximus, Sibb. (Séria 33. Buso Virernianus, Nob. (Strix
Bubo, L.) Gould, pl. 37. Eu- virginiana, Gm.) Heliaptex
rope generally. Arcticus, Sw. albino. — Aud.

pl. 61. America generally.
Gen. 31. Syrwium, Cuv. (Scotiaptex, Sw.)

44, Syrnium Cinerevum, Nob.(Strix 34. Syrnium Crnereum, Nob.(Strix
lapponica, Retz.) Gould, pl. cinerea, Gm.) Aud. pl. 351.
24, Northern Europe. Northern parts.

45, Syrnium URALEnsE, Boie.(Strizx
uralensis, Pallas.) | Gould, pl.
44. North-eastern Europe.

46. Syrnium Atuco, Boie. (Strix
Aluco, & Stridula,Gm.) Gould,
pl. 47. Europe generally.

European ani American Birds. (i

c. ULULINZ.,
Genus 32, Orus, Cuv.

47. Orus Vutcaris, Flem. (Strix 35. Orus Americanus, Nob. (Strix
Otus, L.) Gould, pl. 89. Eu- Otus, Wils.) Aud. pl. 383.
rope generally. America generally.

36. Orus Mexicanus, Nob. (Otus
clamator, Vieill.) Aud. pl. 412.
Southern parts.

Gen. 33. Bracuyorus, Gould.

48. Bracuyortus Patustris, Gould, 37. Bracuyotus Paxustris, Gould,
Strix brachyotus,Gm.) Gould, Strix brachyotus, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 40. Europe generally. pl. 410. Northern parts.

Gen. 34. Utuna, Cuv.

49, Ututa Nesutosa, Cuv. (Strix 38. Unurta Nesutosa, Cuv. (Strix
nebulosa, L.) Gould, pl. 46. nebulosa, L.) Aud. pl. 46.
Northern Europe. Northern parts.

Gen. 35. Nyctatez, Brehm. (Scotophilus, Sw.)

50. Nycrate Treneomaumi, Nob. 39. Nycrate Ricuarpsoni, Nob.
(Strix tengmalmi, Gm.) Gould, (Stria tengmalmi, Richards.)
pl. 49. Northern Europe. Aud. pl. 380.

40, Nycrate Acapica, Nob. (Strix
acadica, Gm.) Aud. pl. 199.
Northern and central parts.

a. STRIGIN.

Gen. 36. Srrix, L.

51. Strix Framuea, L. Gould, 41. Srrix Pratincoa, Nob. (Striz
pl 36. Europe generally. flammea, Wils.) Aud. pl. 171.
Northern parts.

8 Curopean ant Anverican Birds,

ORDO II.—PASSERES.
SECTIO I1.—AMBULATORES.
FAMILIA IV.—CAPRIMULGIDA.

a. CAPRIMULGINZ.

Genus 37. Carrimuteus, L. Gen. 38. AwntTrostomus, Gould.
52. Caprimuteus Ruricottis, 42. AntTRostomus Caro.inensis,
Temm. Gould, pl.52. South- Nob. (Caprimulgus Caroli-
western Europe during summer. nensis, Gm.) Aud. pl. 52.
Southern parts.
53. Caprimutcus Evropzvus, L.
Gould, pl. 51. Europe gene- 43. Antrostomus VociIFERUS,
raily in summer. Nob. (Caprimulgus Virgini-

anus, Vieill. nec Auct.) Aud.
pl. 82. Southern and central

parts.
Gen. 39. Cuorperues, Sw.

44. Cuorpertes Vircinranus, Nob.
(Caprimulgus Popetue, Vieill.)

Aud. pl. 147. Southern and
central parts.

FAMILIA V.—HIRUNDINIDA.

a. CYFSELIN.

Gen. 40. Cyrsetus, Illiger. Gen. 41. Cuztura, Steph.

54. Cyprsetus Apus, Illig. (Hi- (Aconthylis, Boie.)

rundo apus, L.) Gould, pl. 45. Cumtura Peraseia, Steph.

53, fig. 1. Europe generally. (Hirundo pelasgia, L.) Aud.
. 3 ; pl. 158. America generally,
55. Cyrsetus Me sa, Lllig. (Hi- d

rundo Melba, 1.) Gould, pl. BEng HUMnEr.

53, fig. 2. Southern Europe.

b. HIRUNDININE.

Gen. 42. Proeng, Boie.

46. Procne Purpurea, Boie.
ee purpurea, L.) Aud.

pl. 22. America generally,
during summer.

Gen. 43. CueExipon, Boie.

56. CHELIDON Ursica, Boie. (Hi- 47. Curtiwon Bicotor, Nob. (Hi-
rundo urbica, L.) Gould, pl. rundo bicolor, Vieill.) Aud.
57. Europe generally. pl. 98. America generally,

during summer.

Curopean ani American Birds, 9

Genus 44. Coryze, Boie.

57. Coryie Rirarta, Boie. (Hi- 48. Coryzte Riparia? Boie. (Hi-
rundo riparia, L.) Gould, pl. rundo riparia, Wils.) Aud.
58. Europe generally. pl. 385, fig. 1, 2,3. America

; : cenerally, during summer.
58. Coryte Rurpesrris, Boie. (Hi- 3 2: 2

rundo rupestris, L.) Gould,
pl. 56. Southern Europe.

Gen. 45. Hirunpo, L. ( Cecropis, Boie.)

49. Hirunpo Tuatassina, Sw.
Aud, pl. 385, fig. 4, 5.

59. Hrrunpo Rurvuta, Temm. 50. Hrirunpo Futva, Vieill.
(Hirundo daurica, Sav.) Gould, ( Hirundo lunifrons, Say.) Aud.
pl. 55. Southern Europe. pl. 68. North-western parts.

60. Hrrunvo Rustica, L. Gould, 51. Hirnunpo Rura, Gm. (Hi-
pl. 54. Europe generally. rundo Americana, Wils.) Aud.

pl. 178. America generally,
during summer.

FAMILIA VI.—AMPELID/.

Gen. 46. Bomsycitxa, Briss.

61. Bomsycinta Garruta, Vieill. 52. Bompycitta Garruta? Vieill.
(Ampelis garrulus, L.) Gould, (B. G. Nob. Am. Orn.) Aud.
pl. 160. Europe generally. pl. 363.

53. Bomsycinta CaRro.inensis,
Briss. (Bombycilla cedrorum,
Vieill.) Aud. pl. 43. America
Gen. 47. Coractas, L. generally.
62. Coracias Garruta, L. Gould,
pl. 60. Southern and central
Europe.

FAM. VII.—MEROPIDZ.

Gen. 48. Meroprs, L.

63. Merors Apraster, L. Gould,
pl. 59. Southern and central
Europe.

64, Merors Persicus, Pallas.
(Merops superciliosus, var. B.
Lath. Eastern Europe.

FAMILIA VIII.—ALCEDINID#.

Gen. 49. Aucepo. L.

65. Atcepvo Ispipa, L. Gould,
pl. G1. Europe generally.

10 European ant Amertean Birds.

Genus 50. Cerys, Boie. (Jspida, Swains.)

66. Ceryte Rupis, Boie. (Alcedo 54. Ceryte Aucyon, Boie. (Alcedo
rudis, 1.) Gould, pl. 62. alcyon, L.) Aud. pl. 77.
South-eastern Europe. America generally.

FAMILIA IX.—UPUPID.

Gen. 51. Upupa, L.

67. Urura Eprors, L. Gould pl.
238. Europe generally.

FAM. X.—TROCHILIDA.
Gen. 52. Trocuitus, L.

55. Trocuitus Cotusris, L. Aud.
pl. 47. North America gene-
rally, during summer.

56. Trocutius Anna, Less. Aud.
pl. 425.

Gen. 53. Lampornis, Sw.

57. Lampornis Manco, Sw. (Tro-
chilus mango, L.) Aud. pl.
184,

Gen. 54. Ca.uipntox, Boie.

58. Catyientox Rura, Nob. (Tro-
chilus rufus, Gm.) Aud. pl.
379.

FAMILIA XI.—CERTHID.
a, SITTINE.

Gen. 55. Sirta, L.

68. Sitra Syrriaca, Ehrenberg. 59. Srrra Carouinensis, Briss.
(Sitta Neumayeri Michols.) Aud, pl. 152. America gene-
Gould, pl. 235. South-eastern rally.

Europe.

69. Sirta Evrop#a, L. Gould, 60. Sirra Cawnapensis, L. Aud.
pl. 234. Europe generally. pl. 105. America generally.

70. Sirta Astatica, Temm. Gould, 61. Srrta Pusrtua, Lath. Aud.
pl. 236. Eastern Europe. pl. 125. Southern parts.

62. Sirta Pycmaa, Vigors. Aud.
pl. 419. South-western parts.

European

American Birds. 11

b. CERTHING.

Genus 56. Ticnoproma, Ill.

71. Ticnoproma Mouraria, II.
(Certhia muraria, L.) Gould,
pl. 239. Southern Europe.

Gen. 57. Cerruta, L.

72. Certara Famiiiaris, L. Gould,
pl. 237. Europe generally.
73. Certara Narrerert, Nob.

Eastern Europe (Dalmatia. )

63. Cerruia Americana, Nob.
( Certhia familiaris, L.) Aud.
pl.419. Westernand northern
parts.

Gen. 58. Mwuoriura, Vieill.
(Oxyglossus, Sw.)

64. Myiotirta Varia, Vieill.
(Motacilla varia, L.) Aud.
pl. 90.

Gen. 59. Turyotuorus, Vieill.

65. TuryotHorus Ogso.etus, Nob.
(Troglodytes obsoleta, Say.)
Aud. pl. 360, fig. 4. North-
western parts.

66. Turyotuorus Lupovyicianus,
Nob. (Certhia Caroliniana,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 78. Southern
and central parts.

67. Turyotuorus Patustris, Nob.
( Certhia palustris, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 100. Central parts.

68. Turyotuorus Bewicxi, Nob.
(Troglodytes Bewicki,) Aud.
pl. 18.

Gen. 60. Troctopyres, Vieill.

74. Troctopytes Evropzus, Cuv.
(Motacilla troglodytes, LL.)
Gould, pl. 180. Europe gene-
rally.

69. TrocLopytes AMERICANUS,
Aud. pl. 179.

70. ‘Trocutopytes Anon, Vieill.
(Sylvia domestica, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 83. America generally,
during summer.

71. Troctopyres Hyema is, Vieill.
(Sylvia troglodytes, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 360, fig. 1, 2,3. America
generally.

72. Trociopyres Brevrrostris,

Nutt. Aud. pl. 175.

FAMILIA XII.—TURDID&.

a. CALAMOHERPINA.
Gen. 61. Cerrria, Nob.

75. Cerrta Axtisonans, Nob.
(Sylvia cetti, Marmora. ) Gould,
pl. 114. South of Europe.

12 European

76. Cerrita Sericea, Nob. (Sylvia
sericea, Natt.) Gould, pl. 115.
Southern Europe.

Gen. 62. Psrupo-Luscryia, Nob.

77. Pseupo-Luscrn1a Savit, Nob.
(Sylvia luscinioides, Savi.)
Gould, pl. 104. Southern Eu-
rope.

Gen. 63. LocustEtia, Ray.

78. Locustetna Ftouvrartinis,
Gould. (Sylvia fluviatilis,
Meyer.) Gould, pl. 102.
Eastern Europe.

79. Locusterta Rays, Gould.
(Sylvia locustella, Lath.)
Gould, pl. 103. Europe gene-
rally.

80 Locusterta Certuriona, Nob.
(Sylvia certhiola, _Temm.)
Gould, pl. 105. Eastern Eu-
rope.

Gen. 64. Cantamopyta, Nob.

81. CantamMopyta MeELanopocon,
Nob. (Sylvia melanopogon,
Temm.) Gould, pl. 111, fig.
2. Southern Europe.

82. Catamopyra Cariceti1, Nob.
(Sylvia cariceti, Naum, ) Central
Europe.

83. CaLAMopyTa Puraemitis, Nob.
(Sylvia phragmitis, Bechst.)
Gould, pl. 110. Europe gene-
rally.

84. CaLamopyTa Scu@noBanus,
Nob. ( Motacilla Schenobenus,
LG.) Gould; «pl. 111," fig. 42.
Europe generally.

Gen. 65. Cysticona, Less.

85. Cysticoza Scua@nicoia, Nob.
(Sylvia cysticola, .Temm.)
Gould, pl. 118. Southern Eu-
rope.

Gen. 66. Eryruropyc1a, Smith.

(Agrobates, Sw.)

86. Eryruroryeta Famiiiaris,
Nob. (Sylvia familiaris, Mene-
tries.) South-eastern Europe.

ant

American Birds.

European

87. EryruropyeiA GaLacTorEs,
Nob. (Sylvia galactodes, Temm.)
Gould, pl.112. South-western
Europe.

Gen. 67. Catamounerre, Meyer.

88. CALAMoHERPE TuRDOIDES, Boie.
(Turdus arundinaceus, L.)
Gould, pl. 106. Continental
Europe.

89. CatamonERPE? OLIvETORUM,
Nob. (Salicaria olivetorum.)
Gould, pl. 109. South-eastern
Europe.

90. CaLAMOHERPE ARUNDINACEA,
Boie. (Sylvia arundinacea,
Lath.) Gould, pl. 109. Eu-
rope generally.

91. Catamouerre Paxustris. Boie.
(Sylvia palustris, — Bechst.)
Gould, pl. 109. Central and
southern Europe.

Gen. 68. Hurpotats, Brehm.

92. Hrreronars Sauicaria, Nob.
( Motacilla hippolais, L.) Gould,
pl. 188. Central and southern
Europe.

b. SYLVINE.

Gen. 69. Puytiopneuste, Meyer.

93. PHyYLLopNEusTE? IcTERINA,
Nob. (Sylvia icterina, Vieill- )
Gould, pl. 132. Southern and
central Europe.

94. PuyLiopneusTE SIBILATRIX,
Nob. (Sylvia sylvicola, Lath. )
Gould, pl. 13], fig. 3. Europe
generally.

95. Puytiopnruste Trocuitus,
Nob. (Motacilla trochilus, L.)
Gould, pl. 131, fig. 1. Europe
generally.

96. Puytiopneuste Rura, Nob.
(Sylvia rufa, Lath.) Gould,
pl. 181, fig. 2. Europe gene-
rally.

97. Puytiopneuste Bone,
Nob. (Sylvia Nattereri, Temm.)
Gould, pl. 184. Southern Eu-
rope.

ana

Amertcan Birds,

(Phyiloscopus, Boie.)

13

14 European

Genus 70. Mexizoruizus, Leach.

98. Me.izornitus Provinciais,
Leach. (Motacilla provincialis,
Gm.) Gould, pl. 129. Eu-
rope generally.

Gen. 71. Syzvra, Lath.

99. Sytvra Metanoceruata, Lath.
(Motacilla melanocephala, Gm.)
Gould, pl. 129. Southern Eu-
rope.

100. Sytvia Sarva, Marmora.
Gould, pl. 127. Southern Eu-
rope.

101. Syzvia Conspicittata, Mar-
mora. Gould, pl. 126. South
Europe.

102. Synvia Susaurrna, Bonelli.
(Sylvia leucopogon, Meyer.)
Gould, pl. 124. Southern
Europe.

103. Sytvia Curruca, Lath. (Cur-
ruca garrula, Br.) Gould, pl.
125, fig. 2. Europe generally.

104, Sytvia Mystacza, Menetr.
South-eastern Europe.

105. Syxvia IcrEerops, Menetr.
South-eastern Europe.

106. Sytvia Cinerea, Nob. (Mo-
tacilla Sylvia, L.) Gould, pl.
125, fig. 1. Europe generally.

Gen. 72. Curruca, Briss.

107. Curruca Horrtensis, Br.
(Motacilla hortensis, Gm.)
Gould, pl. 121. Europe gene-
rally.

108. Curruca Orrnea, Br. (Syl-
via Orphea, Temm.) Gould,
pl. 119. Eastern and southern
Europe.

109. Curruca Arricapitua, Br.
(Motacilla atricapilla, LL.)
Gould, pl. 120. Europe gene-
rally.

110. Curruca? Ruppetir, Nob.
(Sylvia Ruppelli,Temm.) Gould,
pl. 122.

and

Amertcan Birds.

European

Genus 73. Nisorra, Nob.

111. Nisorra Unpata, Nob. (Syl-
via nisoria, Bechst.) Gould,
pl. 128.

Gen. 74. Accentor, Bechst.

112. Accentor Atpinus, Bechst.
(Motacilla alpina & Sturnus
collaris, Gm.) Gould, pl. 99.
Central and southern Europe.

113. Accentor Mopvutaris, Cuv.
(Motacilla modularis, UL.)
Gould, pl. 100. Europe gene-
rally.

114. Accentor MontTanettus,
Temm. Gould, pl. 101. South-
eastern Europe.

Gen. 75. Catutore, Gould.

115. Catiiope Latuamt, Gould.
(Motacilla Calliope, Lath.)
Gould, pl. 114. Eastern Eu-
rope.

Gen. 76. Luscrinta, Br.
(Philomela, Sw.)
116. Luscin1a Masor, Briss. (Syl-
via philomela, Bechst.) Gould,
pl. 117. Central Europe.

117. Luscrnta Puitometa, Nob.
( Motacilla luscinia, L.) Gould,
pl. 116. Europe generally.

ant American Birds,

c. SAXICOLINE.

Gen 77. Danpatus, Boie. (Erythaca, Sw.—Rubecula, Br.)

118. Danpatus Rusecuta, Boie.
(Motacilla Rubecula, L.) Gould,
pl. 98. Europe generally.

Gen. 78. Cyanecuta, Brehm.

119. Cyanecuta Suecica, Boie.
(Motacilla Suecica, L.) Gould,
pl. 97. Europe generally.

Gen. 79. Rurticitya, Br.
(Pheenicura, Sw.)

120. Ruticitta Poa@nticura, Nob.
(Motacilla pheenicurus, lL.)
Gould, pl. 95. Europe gene-
rally.

1

ind

16 Curopean

121. Rurtreirta Tituys, Brehm.
(Sylvia tithys, Scopoli.) Gould,
pl. 96. Europe generally.

Gen. 80. Saxtcona, Bechst.

122. Saxrcota Rusicona, Bechst.
(Motacilla rubicola, L.) Gould,
pl. 94. Europe generally.

123. Saxicora Ruserra, Bechst.
(Motacilla rubetra, L.) Gould,
pl. 93. Europe generally.

Gen. 81. Virirtora, Briss.
(nanthe, Vieill.)

124. Virirrora Sautatrix, Nob.
(Saaxicola saltator, Menetr.)
South-eastern Europe.

125. Vuitirrtora Avrita, Nob.
(Saxicola aurita,Temm.) Gould,
pl. 92. Southern Europe.

126. Vitirnora Stapazina, Nob.
(Motacilla slapazina, L.) Gould,
pl. 91. Southern Europe.

127. Vitirtora Cinantue, Nob.
( Motacilla Gnanthe,L.) Gould,
pl. 90.

128. Virirrora Leucometa, Nob.
(Motacilla leucomela, Pallas.)
Northern and eastern Europe.

129. Vitirtora Lervucura, Nob.
(Turdus leucurus, Gm. Saxi-
cola cachinnans, Temm.) Gould,
pl. 88. Southern Europe.

_ Gen. 83. Petrocincxa, Vig. part.

130. Perrocrncia Saxatiuis, Vig.
(Turdus saxatilis, L.) Gould,
pl. 86. Southern and central
Europe.

Gen. 84. Prrrocossyrnus, Boie.

131. PrrrocossypHus CyAneus,
Boie. (Turdus cyaneus, L. &
solitarius, Gm.) Gould, pl. 87.
Southern and central Europe.

d. ORIOLINZ.
Gen. 85. Ortouus, L.

132. Ortotus Garsuba, L. Gould,
pl. 71. Southern and central
Europe.

and

Amertcan Birds.

Gen. 82. Siaxia, Sw.

73. Stacia Witsont, Sw.

(Mota-

eilla sialis, L.) Aud. pl. 118,

America generally.

74, Statia Arctica, Sw. Aud.

pl. 318, fig. 2, 3.
parts.

Northern

75, Statta Mexicana, Sw. (Sia-
lia occidentalis? 'Towns.) Aud.

pl. 318, fig. 45.
parts.

Southern

Curgpean
e. TURDINE.
Genus 86. Meruta, Ray.
Ray.

Gould,
Europe generally.

133. Meruta Vouteanris,
(Turdus merula, L.)
pl. 72.

134. Merura Toreuara, Briss.
(Turdus torquatus, L.) Gould,
pl. 73. Europe generally.

135. Meruta Atrocutaris, Nob.
( Turdus atrogularis, Naumann.
Gould, pl. 75. Eastern Europe.

ant American Birds, kK?

Gen. 87. Turpus, L.

136. Turpus Pinaris, L. Gould,
pl. 76. Northern and central
Europe.

137. Turpus Viscivorus, L.
Gould, pl. 77. Europe gene-
rally.

138, Turpus Musicus, L. Gould,
pl. 78, fig. 1. Europe gene-
rally.

139. Turpvus Iniacus, L. Gould,
pl. 78, fig. 2. Europe generally.

140. Turpus Naumanni, Temm.
Gould, pl. 79. Eastern Eu-
rope.

141. Tourpus Pauuipus, Pallas.
Gould, pl. 80. Eastern Eu-

rope.
142. Turpus Werner, Gené.
Suppl. pl. Eastern Europe.

143. Turpus Srsrricus, Pall.
Gould, pl. 82. Eastern Europe.

144. Turpus Avroreus, Pall.
Eastern Europe.

Gen. 88. Oreocincia, Gould.

145. Oreocincita Wuirer, Gould.
(Turdus Whitei, Kyton). Gould,
pl. 81. Eastern Europe. Ac-
cidental in England.

76. Turpus Micrartortius, L.
Aud. pl. 131. America gene-

rally.
rile

Turpus Musretinus, Gm.
(Turdus melodus, Wils.) Aud.

pl. 73. America generally.

Turpus Sotirarius, Wils.
(Merula solitaria, Sw. pl. 35.)
Aud, pl. 58. Northern parts.

Turpus Minor, Gm. (Me-
rula minor, Sw. pl. 36.) Ame-
rica generally.

Turpus Wirsont, Nob. (7'ur-
dus mustelinus, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 164. America generally.

io:

80.

81. Turpus Navius, Gm. (Or-
pheus meruloides, Sw.) Aud.
pl. 369, fig. 2, 3. Northern
parts.

Gen. 89. Mrmus, Boie.
( Orpheus, Sw.)

82. Mimus Montanus, Nob. (Or-
pheus montanus, Towns.) Aud.
pl. 369, fig. North-western
parts.

83. Mimvus Potycrottus, Boie.

(Turdus polyglottus, L.) Aud.
pl. 21. America generally.
D

18 European

and American Btrds.

84. Mimus Rurus, Nob. (Turdus
rufus, L.) Aud. pl. 116.
America generally.

85. Minus Fenivox, Nob. (Zur-
dus felivox, Vieill.) Aud. pl.
128. America generally.

Genus 90. Crxcius, Bechst.

146. Cinctus Patuiasi1, Temm.
Gould, pl.85. Eastern Europe.

147. Crnctus Aaquaticus, Bechst.
(Sturnus cinclus, L.) Gould,
pl. 83 and pl. 84, var.?

86. Crnctus Unicotor, Nob. ( Cin-
clus Mewicanus, Sw.) Aud.
pl. 370.

f. MOTACILLINE.

Gen. 91. Antuus, Bechst.

148. Anruus Ricwarpr, Vieill.
Gould, pl. 135. Europe gene-
rally. (Gen. Corydalla, Vig.)

149. Anruus Campestris, Meyer.
(Anthus rufescens, Temm.)
Gould, pl. 187. Southern Eu-
rope.

150. Anruus Rurestris, Menetr.

nec Auct. South-eastern Eu-
rope.

151. Antuus Spinotetta, Nob.
(Anthus aquaticus, Bechst.)
Gould, pl. 188. Europe gene-
rally.

152.AnrtHus Rurocutaris, Brehm.
Gould, pl. 140. South-eastern
Europe.

153. Antuus Pratensis, Bechst.

(Alauda pratensis, L.) Gould,
pl. 186. Europe generally.

154. Antuus Arsoreus, Bechst.
Gould, pl. 139. Europe gene-
rally.

Gen. 92. Bupyrtes, Cuv.

155. Bupytres Frava, Cuv. (Mo-
tacilla flava, L.) Gould, pi.
146. Continental Europe.

156. Bupyrrs Ray1, Gould. (Mo-
tacilla flava, Ray.) Gould, pl.
145. British Islands.

87. Anruus Lupovicranus, Licht.
(Alauda rufa, Wils.) Aud. pl.
10. Northern parts.

88. Anrnus Pipiens. Aud. pl. 80.
North-western parts.

€uropean

157. Bupytres CrneREOCAPILLA,
Nob.) (Motacilla cinereoca-
pilla, Savi.) Gould, Suppl. pl.

Southern Europe.

158. Bupytes MerLanocrpHAta,
Nob. (Motacilla melanoce-
phala, Licht.) Gould, Suppl.
pl. South-eastern Europe.

159. Bupytes Crtreona, Nob.
(Motacilla citreola, Pallas.)
Gould, pl. 144. Eastern Eu-
rope.

Genus 93. Moracitxa, L.

160. Moracitta Boaruta, Lath.
Gould, pl. 147. Europe gene-
rally.

161. Moracitta Atsa, L. Gould,
pl. 143. Central and southern
Europe.

162. Moracimmta Yarreii. Gould,
pl. 141. British Islands.

163. Moracitia Lucupris, Pallas.
Gould, pl. 142. Eastern Eu-
rope.

Amerfcan Birds. 19

g. PARINZ.

Gen. 94. Recuus, Ray.

164. Recurus Ienicaritius, Cuv.
(Sylvia ignicapilla, Brehm.)
Gould, pl. 148, fig. 2. Central
and southern Europe.

165. Reeutus Cristatus, Ray.
(Motacilla regulus, L.) Gould,
pl. 148, fig. 1. Europe gene-
rally.

166. Recutus Mopestus, Gould,
pl. 149. South-eastern [u-
rope.

89. Recutus Sarrara, Licht.
(Sylvia regulus, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 183. Northern parts.

90. Reeutus Cuviern, Aud. pl.
55. Northern parts.

91. Recutus Catenputa, Licht.
(Motacilla calendula, L.) Aud.
pl. 195. Northern and central
parts.

Gen. 95. Parus, L.

167. Parus Masor, L. Gould,
pl. 150. Europe generally.
168. Parus Lucusris, Natter.
Gould, pl. 151, fig. I. South-
eastern Europe.

169. Parus Sisiricus, Gm. Gould,
pl. 151, fig. 2. North-eastern
Europe.

92. Parus Hunpsonicus, Lath.
Aud. pl. 194. Northern parts.

20 European ant American Birds.

170. Parus Ater, L. Gould, pl. 93. Parnus Arricapitius, L. Aud.
155, fig. 1. Europe generally. pl. 3538, fig. 3, 4. America

generally.

171. Parus Patusrris, L. Gould, 94, Parus Carouinensis, Aud. pl.
pl. 155, fig. 2. Europe gene- 160. Southern parts.
rally. 95. Parus Rurescens, Towns.

172. ParusCzruteus, L. Gould, Aud. pl. 353, fig. 1, 2. North-
pl. 154. Europe generally. western parts.

173, Parus Cyanus, Pallas. 96. Parus Minimus, Towns. Aud.
Gould, pl. 153. North-eastern pl. 353, fig. 5, 6. North-
Europe. western parts.

174. Parus Bicotor, L. Gould, 97. Parus Bicotor, L. Aud. pl.
pl. 152. Northern Europe. 39. Northern parts.

175. Parus Cristatus, L. Gould,
pl. 156. Central Europe.

Genus 96. Mectstura, Leach. (Parotdes, Brehm ).
176. Mectstura Caupata, Leach.
(Parus caudatus, L.) Gould,
pl. 157. Europe generally.

Gen. 97. Catamopruitus, Leach, (Mystacinus Brehm).
177. Catamornitus Brarmicus,
Leach. (Parus biarmicus, L.)

Gould, pl. 158. Europe gene-
rally.

Gen. 98, AicitHaLus, Vig. (Pendulinus, Cuv.)
178. AicitHa us Penvutinvs, Vig.
(Parus pendulinus, L.) Gould,
pl. 159. Southern Europe.

h. SYLVICOLINZE.

Gen. 99. Paruua, Nob.

98. Paruta Americana, Nob.
(Parus Americanus, L.) Aud.
pl. 15. Central and southern
parts.

Gen. 100. Tricuas, Sw.

99. Tricuas Marinanpica, Nob.
( Turdus trichas, L.) Aud. pl.
23. America generally.

100. Tricuas PuirapEenputa, Nob.
(Sylvia Philadelphia § 8. agilis,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 399, and pl.
138, young. Southern parts.

Gen. 101. Vermiyora, Swains.

101. Vermivora PennsyLvanica,
Sw. (Sylvia vermivora, Lath.)
Aud. pl. 34. Southern and
central parts.

Antertcan Btrvs. 21

102. Vermivora Swarnsont, Nob.
(Sylvia Swainsonii.) Aud. pl.
198.

103. Vermivora ProronoTarius,
Nob. (Sylvia protonotarius,
Lath.) Aud. pl.3. Southern
parts.

104, Vermivora Soxitaria, Sw.
(Sylvia solitaria, Wils.) | Aud.
pl. 20. America generally.

105. Vermivora CHRYSOPTERA, SW.
(Motacilla chrysoptera, .)
Aud. pl. 414. Southern parts.

106. Vermivora Bacumant, Nob.
(Sylvia Bachmani.) Aud. pl.
185.

107. Vermivora Perscrina, Nob.
(Sylvia peregrina, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 154. South-western parts.

108. Vermivora Carsonata, Nob.
(Sylvia carbonata.) Aud. pl.
60.

109. Vermivora Niarescens, Nob.
(Sylvia nigrescens, ‘Towns. )
Aud. pl. 395, fig. 5, 6. North-
western parts.

110. Vermivora RusricaPiLia,
Sw. (Sylvia — rubricapilla,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 89. Southern
parts.

111. Vermivora Cerxata, Jard.
(Sylvia celata, Say.) Aud. pl.
178. Central parts.

Genus 102. Serurus, Sw.

112. Serurus AurocapPiLtus, Sw.
(Turdus aurocapillus, L.) Aud.
pl. 143. America generally.

118. Srrurus Noveporacensis,
Nob. (Motacilla noveboracensis,
Gm.) Aud. pl. 426. America
generally.

114. Serurus Lupovicranus, Nob.

(Turdusludovicianus.) Aud. pl.
19.

Gen. 108. Syxvicota, Sw.

115. Sytvicora Aupusont, Nob.
(Sylvia Auduboni, Towns.) Aud.
pl. 395, fig. 1, 2. North-
western parts.

22 Curopean ant American Birds.

116. Sytvicoza Coronata, Sw.
(Motacilla coronata, L.) Aud.
pl. 153. America generally.

117. Sytvicora Ruricapiiia, Nob.
(Sylvia ruficapilla, Lath, nec
Vieill.) (Sylvia palmarum,
Nob. § petechia.) Aud. pl.
163, and pl. 145 young, Central
and southern parts.

118. Synvicota Macutosa, Sw.
(Sylvia maculosa, Lath.) Aud.
pl. 123 adult, and 50 young.
America generally.

119. Sytvicora Maritima, Sw.
(Sylvia maritima, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 414. Northern parts, rare.

120. Sytvicora Parpauina, Nob.
(Motacilla Canadensis, sp. 27,
L.) Aud. pl. 103. America
generally.

121. Synvicota Pensitis, Nob.
(Sylvia pensilis, Lath.) Aud.
pl. 85. Northern parts.

122. Syztvicora Virens, Sw. (Syl-
via virens, Lath.) Aud. pl.
399. America generally.

123.SytvicotaBLacksurni&,Jard.
(Sylvia Blackburnie, Lath.)
Aud. pl. 135. | America gene-
rally.

124. Syxivicora IcTERocEPHALA,
Sw. (Sylvia icterocephala,
Lath.) Aud. pl. 59. America
generally.

125. Sytviconra CasTanea, Sw.
(Sylvia castanea, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 69. America generally.

126. Sytvicota Srriata, Sw, (Syl-
via striata, Lath.) Aud. pl.
123. America generally.

127. Sytvicota Pinus, Jard. (Syl-
via pinus, Lath.) Aud. pl.
140 and pl. 30 (Sylvia vigorsit )
young. Southern parts.

128. Sytvicoxta Parus, Jard. (Syl-
via parus, Wils.) Aud. pl. 134
adult, and pl. 88 (8. autumnalis,
Wils.) young. Northern parts.

e

European ant Amertean Birds. 25

129. Syzvicora Ticrina, Nob.
(Sylvia montana, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 414? America generally.

130. Syxtvicora Discotor, Nob.
(Sylvia minuta, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 14. Southern and western
parts.

131. Sytvicota OccipenTatis, Nob.
(Sylvia occidentalis, 'Towns.)
Aud. pl. 395, fig. 3, 4. North-
western parts.

132. Sytvicota Townsenp1, Nob.
(Sylvia Townsendi.) Aud. pl.
318, fig. 1. North-western
parts.

133. Syzivicora Ratrusonta, Nob.
(Sylvia Rathbonia.) Aud .pl. 65.

134. Synvicota Astiva, Sw.
(Sylvia estiva § petechia, Lath.)
Aud. pl. 95 adult, and pl. 35
(Sylvia Childrenii) young.
America generally.

135. Sytvicora Formosa, Jard.
(Sylvia formosa, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 88. South-western parts.

136. Sytvicota CaNaApDENsIs, Sw.
(Motacilla canadensis, sp.42, L.)
Aud. pl. 155 adult, and pl. 148
young. ( Sylvia sphagnosa, Nob.)
Northern parts.

137. Synvicota Ca#ruiea, Sw.
(Sylvia cerulea, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 48 adult, and pl. 49 (Sylvia
rara, Wils.) young. Southern
parts.

Genus 108. Witsonta, Nob.

188. Wrusonta Mirrata, Nob.
(Sylvia mitrata, Lath.) And.
pl. 90, and pl. 9 young. (Mus-
cicapa Selbyi, Aud.)

139. Wixtsonra Bonapartu, Nob.
(Muscicapa Bonapartii.) Aud.
pl. 5.

140. Wirsonta Minuta, Nob.

(Muscicapa minuta, Wils.) Aud.
pl. Southern and central parts.

141. Wrisonta Pusinta, Nob.
(Muscicapa pusilla, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 124. Southern parts.

24 Curopean ant American Birs.

Gen. 105. Curnicivora, Sw.

142. Cunicivora Carutea, Sw.
(Sylvia cerulea, Lath.) Aud.
pl. 84. Central and southern
parts.

FAMILIA XITI.—MUSCICAPIDA.
a. MUSCICAPINA.

Gen. 106. SrtopHaca, Sw.

143. SeropnHaca Ruticitia, Sw.
(Muscicapa ruticilla, L.) Aud.
pl. 40. America generally.

Gen. 107. Tyrannuta, Sw.

144. Tyrannuta Pusitia, Sw.
Aud. pl. 415. Northern parts.

145. Tyrannuta Acapica, Sw.
(Muscicapa acadica, Gm.) Aud.
pl. 144. America generally.

146. Tyrannuta Traitu1, Nob.
(Muscicapa traillii.) Aud. pl.
45. North-western parts.

147. Tyrannuta Virens, Jard.
(Muscicapa virens, L.) Aud.
pl. 115. America generally.

148. Tyrannuta Puase, Nob.
(Muscicapa Phebe, Lath.) Ty-
rannula Richardsoni,Sw.) Aud.

pl.

149. Tyrannuta Fusca, Sw. (Mus-
cicapa fusca, Gm.) Aud. pl.
120. America generally.

150. Tyrannua Saya, Sw. (Mus-
cicapa saya, Nob. Am. Orn.)
Aud. pl. 359, fig.4,5. North-
western parts.

151. Tyrannuta Nicricans, Sw.
Aud. pl. 415. | North-western
parts.

Genus 108. Tyrannus, Vieill.

152. Tyrannus Coorrri, Nob.
(Tyrannus borealis, Sw.) Aud.
pl. 174. Northern parts.

153. Tyrannus IntREPIDUus, Vieill.
(Lanius tyrannus, L.) Aud.
pl. 79. Southern parts.

Europea any

Gen. 110. Buratis, Boie.

179. Burauis Grisoxa, Boie. (Mus-
cicapa Grisola, L.) Gould, pl.
65. Europe generally.

Gen. 111. Muscicara, L.

180. Muscicarpa AtricapPitua, L.
(Muscicapa luctuosa, Temm.)

Gould, pl. 63. fig. 1. Europe
generally.

181. Muscicara ALBICOLLIS
Temm. Gould, pl. 63, fig. 2.

Southern Europe.

Gen. 112. Eryrurostrerna, Nob.

182. Erytprosterna Parva, Nob.
(Muscicapa parva, Bechst.)
Gould, pl. 64. Eastern Eu-
rope.

American Birds. 25

154. Tyrannus Domrnicensts, Nob.
(Tyrannus matutinus, Vieill.)
Aud. pl. 170. Southern parts.

155. Tyrannus Verticatis, Say.
(Muscicapa verticalis, Nob.
Am. Orn.) Aud. pl. 359, fig.
1, 2. North-western parts.

156. Tyrannus Crinitus, Sw.
(Muscicapa crinita, L.) Aud.
pl. 129. America generally.

Genus 109. Mitvutus, Sw.

157. Mirvurus Forricatus, Sw.
(Muscicapa forficata, Gm,)
Aud. pl. 359, fig. 3. South-
western parts.

158. Mityvutus Tyrannus, Nob.
Muscicapa tyrannus, L.) Aud.
pl. 168. America generally.

6. VIREONINZE.

Gen. 113. Icrerta, Vieill.
159. Icrerta Viriptis, Nob. (Pipra

polyglotta Wils. Muscicapa
viridis, Gm.) Aud. pl. 137.
Gen. 114. Vireo, Vieill.

160. Vireo Fravirrons, Vieill.
(Muscicapa sylvicola, Wiis.)
Aud. pl. 119. | America gene-
rally.

E

26 European an

Antertcan Birds.

161. Vireo Soxitarius, Vieill.
(Muscicapa solitaria, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 28. Southern and
central parts.

162. Vireo Novesoracensis, Nob.
(Muscicapa noveboracensis,Gm.)
Aud. pl. 63. America gene-
rally.

163. Vireo Gitvus, Nob. (Mus-
cicapa gilva, Vieill.) Aud.
pl. 118. America generally.

Genus 115. Vireosytva, Nob.

164. Vireosytva Oxivacea, Nob.
( Muscicapa olivacea, L.) Aud.
pl. 150. America generally.

165. Vireosytva Barrramt, Nob.
(Vireo Bartrami, Sw.) Aud.
pl. 415. North-western parts.

FAMILIA XIV.—LANID.

c. LANINA.

Gen. 116. Lantus, L. (Collurio, Vig.)

183. Lantus Excusiror, L. Gould,
pl. 66. Northern and central
Europe.

184, Lanrus Meripionatis,Temm.
Gould, pl. 67. South-western
Europe.

185. Lantus Minor, Gm. (Lanius
italicus, Lath.) Gould, pl. 68.
Southern Europe.

166. Lantus SEpPrentTRIONALIs,
Gm. (Lanius excubitor, Wils.
L. borealis, Vieill.) Aud. pl.
192. Northern parts.

167. Lanivs Lupovicranus, L.
(Lanius ardosiaceus, Vieill.)
Aud. pl. 57. Southern parts.

Gen. 117. Enneocronus, Boie. (Lanius, Vig.)

186. Enneocronus Cotuurto,
Boie. (Lanius Collurio, L.)
Gould, pl. 69. Europe gene-
rally. ,

187. Enneocronus Rurus, Boie.
(Lanius rufus, Briss.) Gould,
pl. 70. Central and southern
Europe.

Curopean and

to
~I

Anrevican Birr,

FAMILIA XV.—CORVIDA.

d. CORVIN.

Genus 118. Pertsoreus, Nob. (Dysornithia, Sw.)

188. Pertsoreus Inraustus, Nob.
( Corvus infaustus, L.) Gould,
pl. 215. Northern Europe.

Gen. 119. Garrutus, Briss.

189. Garrutus Guianparivs, Briss.
( Corvus glandarius, L.) Gould,
pl. 214. Europe generally.

Gen. 122.

190. Pica Cyanea, Wagl. (Corvus
cyaneus, Pallas.) Gould, pl.
217. South-western Europe.

191. Pica Caupata, Ray. ( Corvus
Pica, L.) Gould, pl. 216.
Europe generally.

Gen. 123.

192. Corvus Srermotoeus, Vicill.
Gould, Suppl. pl. Central
Europe.

193. Corvus Moneputa, Linn.
Gould, pl. 223. Europe gene-
rally.

194. Corvus Frucitecus, L:
Gould, pl. 224. Europe gene-
rally.

168. Pertsoreus Canapensis, Nob.
(Corvus canadensis, L. & Dys-
ornithia brachyrhyncha, Sw.)
Aud. pl. 107. Northern parts.

Gen. 120. Cyanocorax, Boie. part.

169. Cyanocorax Sreuert, Nob.
(Corvus Stelleri, Pall.) Aud.
pl. 362, fig. 2.

170. Cyanocorax Cristatus, Boie.
(Corvus cristatus, L.) Aud.
pl. 102. Northern and central
parts.

171. Cyanocorax Ftoripanus,
Nob. (Corvus floridanus,
Bartram.) Aud. pl. 87. Southern
parts.

172. Cyanocorax ULTRAMARINUS,
Nob. (Garrulus sordidus, Sw.)
Aud. pl. 362, fig. 3.

Gen. 121. Cyanurus, Sw. part.
173. Cyanurus Butiocxt, Nob.
(Garrula gubernatria, Temm. )

Aud. pl. 96. Southern parts.

Pica, Briss.

174. Pica Nurratur. Aud. pl.

362, fig. 1.

175. Pica Hupsonica, Nob. (Cor-
vus Hudsonicus, Sabine. Corvus
Pica, Wils.) Aud. pl. 357.
North-western parts.

Corvus, L.

176. Corvus Ossirracus, Wils.
Aud. pl. 145. America gene-
rally.

28 European any American Birds.

195. Corvus Cornix, L. Gould,
pl. 222. Europe generally.

196. Corvus Coronr, L. Gould, 177. Corvus Americanus, Aud.
pl. 221. Europe generally. (Corvus Corone, Wils.) Aud.

pl. 156. America generally.
197. Corvus Corax, L. Gould, 178. Corvus Catorott, Wagl.
pl. 220. Europe generally. (Corvus Corax, Wils.) Aud.

pl. 101. Southern parts.
Genus 124. Freetius, Cuv.

198. Freeinus Gracutus, Cuv.
(Corvus Graculus, L.) Gould,
pl. 219. Europe generally, in
restricted mountainous locali-
ties.

Gen. 125. Pyrruocorax. Cuv.

199. Pyrruocorax ALpinus, Vieill.
(Corvus Pyrrhocorax, L.) Gould,
pl. 218. Central Europe.

Gen. 126. Nucirraca, Briss.

200. Nucirraca CaryocaTActes, 179. Nucirraca CotumBiana, Aud.
Briss. (Corvus caryocatactes, (Corvus Columbianus, Wils.)
L.) Gould, pl. 213. Central Aud. pl. 362, figs (4,05:
Europe. Western parts.

e. STURNING.

Gen. 127. Qurscawus, Vieill.

180. Quiscatus Masor, Vieill.
Aud. pl. 187. Southern parts.

181. Quiscatus Versicotor, Vieill.
(Gracula quiscala, L.) Aud.
pl. 7. America generally.

Gen. 128. ScotecorHacus, Sw.

182. ScorecopHacus FeRRUGINEUS,
Boie. (Gracula ferruginea,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 157. America

‘ generally.

Gen. 129. AcrivotHeres, Ranz.

(Pastor, Temm.)

201. Acrivorneress Rosevs, Ranz.
(Turdus roseus, L.) Gould,
pl. 212. Europe generally.
Accidental in the western parts.

Gen. 130. Sturnus, L.
202. Srurnus Vutearis, L. Gould,
pl. 210. Europe generally.

203. Srurnus Unicotor, Marmora.
Gould, pl. 211. Southern Eu-
rope.

American Birr. 29

Genus 131. Sturnetta, Vieill.

183. Srurnetia Lupovicrana,
Nob. (Sturnus Ludovicianus,
L.) Aud. pl. 136. America
generally.

Gen. 132. Icrserus, Br.

184. Icrerus Battrmore, Daud.
(Oriolus Baltimore, L.) Aud.
pl. 12. America generally.

Gen. Yphantes, Vieill. (Zanthor-
nis, Sw.)

185. Icrerus Butiocxs, Sw. Aud.
pl. 388, fig. 5. South-western
parts.

186. Icrerus Spurtus, Nob. (Orz-
olus mutatus, Wils.) Aud. pl.
62. America generally.

Gen. 133. AcEtatvus, Vieill.

187. AcELAIUS XANTHOCEPHALUS;
Nob. (Jcterus icterocephalus:
Nob. Am. Orn.) Aud. pl-
388, fig. 2,3. North-western
parts.

188. Acrtaius Tricotor, Nob.
(Icterus tricolor.) Aud. pl.
388, fig. 1. Southern parts.

189. Acrtatus Puenicevs, Vieill.
(Oriolus pheeniceus, L.) Aud.
pl. 67. America generally.

190. Acerarus Gusernator, Nob.
(Psarocolius gubernator, Wagl.)
Southern parts.

Gen. 134. Mororurus, Sw.

191. Mototurus Pecoris, Sw.
(Fringilla pecoris, Gm.) Aud.
pl. 99. America generally.

Gen. 135. Doricnonyx, Sw.

192. Doricnonyx Oryzivorus, Sw.
(Emberiza Oryzivora, L.) Aud.
pl. 54. America generally.

50 Curgpean ant Amertcan Birds.

FAMILIA XVI.—FRINGILLID.

a. FRINGILLINZ.

Genns 136. Catamospiza, Nob.

193. Catamosriza Brcotor, Nob.
(Fringilla bicolor, Towns.)
Aud. pl. 390, fig. 2,3. Western
parts.

Gen. 137. Gurraca, Sw.
( Coccoborus, Sw.)

194. Gurraca Ca#rutea, Sw.
(Loxia cerulea, L.) Aud. pl.
122. Southern parts.

195. Gurraca Lupoviciana, Sw.
(Loxia ludoviciana, L.) Aud.
pl. 127. Northern and central
parts.

196. Gurraca MeELaANnocEPHata,
Sw. (Fringilla xanthomaschalis,
Wagl.) Aud. pl. 373, fig. 2,

3, 4.
Gen. 138. Coccoturaustes, Briss.

204. CoccoTrHrausTEs VuLGARISs, 197. Coccotnuraustes VESPERTI-
Briss. (Loxia coccothraustes, nus, Cooper. ( Coccothraustes
L.) Gould, pl. 199. Europe Bonapartii, Less. fem.) Aud,
generally. pl. 373, fig. 1. North-western

parts.

Gen. 189. Cutorospiza, Nob.

205. Cutorospiza Cutoris, Nob.
(Fringilla chloris, L.) Gould,
pl. 200. Europe generally.

206. Cutorospiza Incerta, Nob.
(Fringillaincerta,Roux.) Gould
Suppl. pl. Southern Eu-
rope.

Gen. 140. Perronta, Nob.

207. Perronia Rurestris, Nob.
(Fringilla petronia, L.) Gould,
pl. 186, Southern Europe.

Gen. 141. Pyreita, Cuv.
(Passer, Br.)

208. Pyroitra Saricarta, Vieill.
(Pringilla hispaniolensis,Temm. )
Gould, pl. 185, fig. 1. Southern
Europe.

Curopean

209. Pyrarraltatica, Vieill. (Frin-
gilla cisalpina, Temm.) Gould,
pl. 185, fig. 2. Southern Eu-
rope.

210. Pyreita Domestica, Cuv.
(Fringilla domestica, L.) Gould,
pl. 184, fig. 1. Southern and
central Europe.

211. Pyreita Montana, Cuv.
(Fringilla montana, L.) Gould,
pl. 184, fig. 2. Europe gene-
rally.

Genus 142. Frinertua, L.
(Struthus, part, Boie.)

212. Frineinia Caress, L. Gould,
pl. 187. Europe generally.

213. Frineitta MonrtirrinGILya,
L. Gould, pl. 188. Europe
generally.

Gen.143. Montirrinaitya, Brehm.

214. Monrtirrineirta Nivatts,
Brehm. (Fringilla nivalis, L.)
Gould, pl. 189. Central Eu-
rope.

American Birds. 31

Gen. 144. Strutuus, Nob. (Boie, part.)

215. StrutHus Hyemaris, Nob.
(Fringilla hyemalis, L.) Gould,
pl. 190. Northern Europe.

198. Srruruus Hyematris, Nob.
(Fringilla hyemalis, L.) Aud.
pl. 13. America generally.

199. SrrutHus Orecanus, Nob.
(Fringilla oregana, Towns.)
Aud. pl. 398.

Gen. 145. Passrretra, Sw.

200. Passeretxa Izraca, Sw.( Frin-
gilla rufa, Wils.) Aud. pl. 108.
America generally.

201. Passeretta Cinerea, Nob.
Aud. pl. 390, fig. 1.

Gen. 146. Zonorricuta, Sw.

202. Zonotrricu1a Mexopra, Nob.
(Fringilla ferruginea, L.) Aud.
pl. 25. America generally.

203. Zonorricuta Graminga, Nob.
( Fringilla graminea,Gm.) Aud.
pl. 94. America generally,

32 European and

American Birds.

204. ZonoTRIcHIA PENNSYLVANICA,
Sw. (Fringilla Pennsylvanica,
Lath.) Aud. pl. 8. America
generally.

205. ZonorricHi1A ATRICAPILLA,
Nob. (Emberiza atricapilla,
Gm.) Aud. pl. 394, fig. 3.
Western parts.

206.ZonorricHi1A LEUCOPHRYS, SW.
(Emberiza leucophrys, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 114. Northern and
central parts.

Genus 147. CuonpestEs, Sw.

207. Cuonpgestes Grammaca, Nob.
( Fringilla grammaca,Say.) Aud.
pl. 390, fig. 1. North-western
parts.

Gen. 148. Euspiza, Nob.

216. EvuspizA MeLaNocEPHALA,
Nob. (Emberiza melanoce-
phala, Scopoli.) Gould, pl.
172. South-eastern Europe.

208. Euspiza Americana, Nob.
(EmberizaAmericana, § Fring.
fiavicollis, Gm.) Aud. pl. 384.

209. Evuspiza Townsenpi, Nob.
(Fringilla Townsendi.) Aud.
pl. 400, fig. 3. Southern parts.

Gen. 149, Corurnicutus, Nob.

210. Corurnicutus PassErinus,
Nob. (Fringilla passerina,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 130. North-
ern and central parts.

211. Corurnicutus HeEnstow1,
Nob. (Fringilla Henslowi,)
Aud. pl. 170.

Gen. 150. Ammopramus, Sw.

212.Ammopramus Bacumanl, Nob.
(Fringilla bachmani.) Aud.
pl. 165.

213.AmMoprRamMus M acGILLIVRAYI,
Nob. (Fringilla macgillivrayi.)
Aud. pl. 355.

214. Ammopramus MarirTimus, Sw.

(Fringilla maritima, Wis.)
Aud. pl. 98. | North-eastern
parts.

215. Ammopramus Caupacutus,
Nob. (Oriolus caudacutus, Gm.)
Aud. pl. 149. | North-eastern
parts.

Curgpean any

Gen. 153. CarpveE ts, Briss.

217. Carpuretis Exzcans, Steph.
( Fringilla carduelis, L.) Gould,
pl. 196. Europe generally.

Gen. 154. Curysomitris, Boie.

218. Curysomitris Spinus, Boie.
(Fringilla spinus, L.) Gould,
pl. 197. Europe generally.

=

American Birt. 33

Genus 151. Passercutus, Nob.

216. Passercunus Savanna, Nob.
(Fringilla Savanna, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 109.

217. Passercutus Patusrris, Nob.
(Fringilla palustris, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 64. America generally.

218. Passercutus Lincotnt, Nob.

( Fringilla Lincoini.) Aud. pl.
193. Central parts.

Gen. 152. SpizeLua, Nob.

219. Spizetta Canapensis, Nob.
(Fringilla Canadensis, Wath.)

Aud. pl. 188. America gene-
rally.
220. Spizetta Panuipa, Nob.

(Emberiza pallida, Sw.) Aud.
pl. 398. North-western parts.

221. Sprizetzta Socrauis. Nob.
(Fringilla socialis, Wils.) Aud.

pl. 104. Central and northern
parts.
222. Spizetya Pusimza, Nob.

( Fringilla pusilla, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 139. America generally.

(Spinus, Brehm.)

223. Curysomirris Tristis, Nob.
(Fringilla tristis, L.) Aud.
pl. 838. America generally.

224. Curysomitris Pinus, Nob.
(Fringilla pinus, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 180. America generally.

225. Curysomirris Psattria, Nob.
(Fringilla psaltria, Say). Aud.
pl. 400. Western parts.

226.Curysomitris Mexicana,Nob.
( Carduelis Mexicana, Sw.) Aud.
pl. 427. Southern parts.

227. Curysomirris Maceuanica,
Nob. (Carduelis Magellanica,
Vieill.) Aud. pl. 394, fig. 2.

F

34 European

Genus 155. Citrinetua, Nob.
219. Crrrinetta Serinus, Nob.
(Fringilla citrinella, L.) Gould,
pl. 198. Central and southern
Europe.
Gen. 156. Serinus, Br.
220. Sertnus MerIDIONALIs,
Brehm. (Fringilla serinus, L.)

Gould, pl. 195. Southern Eu-
rope.

Gen. 157. Lunota, Nob.

CaNNABINE.
221. Linora Cannapina, Nob.
( Fringilla cannabina, L.) Gould,
pl. 191. Europe generally.

222. Linota Montium, Nob.
(Fringilla montium, Linn.)
Gould, pl. 192

LINARIZ.

223. Linota Canescens, Nob.
Gould, pl. 193. Northern and
central Europe.

224. Linota Boreauis, Nob.
(Fringilla borealis,Savi.) Gould,
Suppl. pl. Europe gene-
rally.

225. Linota Linaria, Nob. (Li-

naria rufescens ? Vieill.) Gould,
pl. 194.

226. Linora Brevirostris. Gould,
pl. . South-eastern Eu-
rope.

American Birds.

(Cannabina § Linaria, Brehm.)

228. Lrnota Boreauis, Nob.
(Fringilla borealis, Savi.) Aud.
pl. 42.

229, Linota Linaria, Nob.
(Fringilla linaria, L.) Aud.
pl. . Northern parts.

Gen. 158. Eryrurospiza, Nob. (Erythrothoraz, Brehm.)

227 .ERyTHROSPIZAPHENICOPTERA,
Nob. (Linaria pheenicoptera
Gould, Proceed.) South-east-
ern Europe.

228. ErytTurospizA GITHAGINEA,
Nob. (Fringilla githaginea,
Licht.) Gould, pl. 208.
Eastern Europe.

229. Eryturospiza Rosea, Nob.
(Fringilla rosea, Pallas.) Gould,
pl. 207. Eastern Europe.

230. EryrurospizA TEPHROCOTIS,
Nob. (Linaria leucosticte et
tephrocotis, Sw.) Aud. pl.
424, Northern parts.

231. EryrurospizA Purpurea,
Nob. ( Fringilla purpurea, Gm.)
Aud, pl. 4. America gene-
rally.

European

230. EryturospizA ERYTHRINA,
Nob. (Fringilla erythrina,
Meyer). Gould, pl. 206.
Eastern Europe:

American Birds. 35

232. EryrurospizA FRONTALIS,
Nob. (Fringilla frontalis,
Say). Aud. pl. 424. North-
western parts.

Genus 159. Carpinauis, Nob.

238. CarpINnALis VIRGINIANUS,
Nob. (Lovwia cardinalis, L.)
Aud. pl. 159. Southern parts.

Gen. 160. Pipixo, Vieill.

234. Piriro EryTHROPHTHALMUS,
Nob. (Fringilla erythroph-
thalma, L.) Aud. pl. 29.
America generally.

235. Pirizo Arcricus, Sw. Aud.
pl. 394, fig. 4, 5. Northern
parts.

Gen. 161. Sriza, Nob.

236. Sriza Amana, Nob. (Frin-
gilla amena, Say). Aud. pl.
398, fig. 3. North-western
parts.

237. Spiza Cyanea, Nob. (Ta-
nagra cyanea, Lu.) Aud. pl.
74. Southern parts.

238. Spiza Crris, Nob. (Embe-
riza ciris, L.) Aud. pl. 53.
Southern parts.

b. TANAGRINZE.

Gen. 162. Pyranea, Vieill.

239. Pyranca Ruvsra, Vieill.
(Tanagra rubra, L.) Aud. pl.
354, fig. 3,4. America gene-
rally.

240. Pyranca Estiva, Vieill.
(Tanagra estiva § M ississippien-
sis, Gm.) Aud. pl. 44. South-
ern and central parts.

241. Pyranca Lupoviciana, Nob.
(Tanagra ludoviciana, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 354, fig. 1, 2. West-
ern parts:

c. EMBERIZINZ.

Gen. 163. Cyncuramus, Nob. (Miliaria, Brehm.)

23). Cyncnramus Mixiaria, Nob.
(Emberiza miliaria, L.) Gould,
pl. 171. Europe generally.

36 European ant American Birds.

Genus 164. Emseriza, L.

232. Emperiza Crrrinetta, L.
Gould, pl. 1738. Europe gene-
rally, rare in the south.

233. Emseriza Aureos, Pallas,
Gould, pl. 174. North-eastern

Europe.

234. Emperiza GRANUTINARA,
Menetries. South - eastern
Europe.

235. Emperiza Caspra, Menetries.
South-eastern Europe.

236. Emperiza Crruus, L. Gould,
pl. 175. Europe generally.

237. EmperizA Hortunana, L.
Gould, pl. 176. Central and
southern Enrope.

238. Empertza Rustica, Pallas.
Gould, pl.177. North-eastern
Europe.

239. Empertza Lespia, Gm.
Gould, pl.178. Southern Eu-
rope.

240. Emperiza Cra, L. Gould,
pl. 179. Southern and central
Europe.

241. EmperizaPituyornvs, Pallas.
Gould, pl. 180. Eastern Eu-
rope.

242. Emperiza Casta, Cretszch-

maer. Gould, pl. 181. South-
eastern Europe.

243. Emperiza Patustris, Savi.
Gould, pl. 182. Southern Eu-
rope.

244. EmperizA Scuzanicutus, L.
Gould, pl. 188. Europe gene-
rally. Genus Hortulanus, Vieill.
( Cynchramus, Boie. )

Gen. 165. PrectropHanes, Meyer.

245. PLEcTROPHANES Larronicus, 242. Purcrropuanus Lapponicus,
Selby. (Fringilla lapponica, L.) Selby. (Plectrophanus calca-
Gould, pl. 169. Northern Eu- ratus, Meyer.) Aud. pl, 365.

rope. Northern parts.

European and American Birds, 37

246. PuecrropHanes NIva.is, 243. PrectropHaNnes NivyAtis,
Meyer. (Emberiza nivalis, L.) Meyer. (Emberiza nivalis, L.)
Gould, pl. 170. Northern and Aud, pl. 189. Northern parts.

central Europe.

244. Prectropuanss Pictus, Sw.
Aud, pl. 400, fig. 5. Northern
parts.

245. PrecrRoPHANES ORNATUS,
Towns. Aud. pl. 394, fig. 1.
North-western parts.

d. ALAUDINE.

Genus 166. Certuiiaupa, Sw.

247. Cerruitaupa Birasciara,
Sw. (Alauda bifasciata, Licht.)
Gould, pl. 168. Accidental in
southern Europe.

Gen. 167. Ataupa, L.

248. ALaupa Arvensis, L. Gould,
pl. 166. Europe generally.

249, Ataupa CanrTaretta, Nob.
Southern Europe.

250. Axtaupa Pispauetta, Pallas.
Eastern Europe.

Gen. 168. Gaueripa, Boie.
251. Gaterimwa Cristata, Boie.
(Alauda Cristata, L.) Gould,

pl. 165. Southern and central
Europe.

252. GareripA ArsorEa, Boie.
(Alauda arborea, L.) Gould,
pl. 167. Europe generally.

Gen 169. Puieremos, Brehm, (Eremophilus, Boie.)

253. Pumeremos Aupestris, Br. 246. Pumeremos Cornutus, Nob.
(Alauda alpestris,L.) Gould, (Alauda cornuta, Sw.) Aud.
pl. 164. Northern Europe. pl. 200. Northern parts.

254. Puiterrmos Scrisa, Gould,
pl. South-eastern Europe.

Gen. 170. Metanocoryrna, Boie.

255. MetanocorypHa Bimacvu-
tata, Nob. (Alauda bimacu-
lata, Menetr.) South-eastern
Europe.

38 €uropean

256. MeLanocorypHa ARENARIA,
Nob. (Alauda brachydactyla,
Temm.) Gould, pl. 163.
Southern Europe.

257. Metanocorypua CaLANDRA,

Boie. (Alauda calandra, L.)
Gould, pl. 162. Southern Eu-
rope.

258. MertanocorypHa TAaTARICcA,
Nob. (Alauda tatarica, Pallas).
Gould, pl. 161. Eastern Eu-
rope-

and

American Birds.

e. LOXINZ.

Genus 171. Pyrruuta, Briss.

259. Pyrruura Vurearis, Briss.
(Loxia pyrrhula, L.) Gould,
pl. 209. Europe generally.

Gen. 172. Corytuus, Cuv.

260. Corytuus Sipiricus, Nob.
(Pyrrhula longicauda, Temm.
Loxia Sibirica, Pall.) Gould,
pl. 205. Eastern Europe.

261: Coryruus Enucteator, Cuv.

(Lozxia enucleator, L.) Gould,
pl. 204. Northern Europe.

247. Corytuus Enucrieator, Cuv.
(Loxia enucleator, L.) Aud.
pl. 358. Northern parts.

Gen. 173. Loxta, Briss.

262.Lox1a Pytiopsirracus, Bechst.
Gould, pl. 201. Northern and
central Europe.

263. Loxra Curvirostra, L.
Gould, pl. 202. Europe gene-
rally.

264. Loxra Leucortera, Gmel.
Gould, pl. 203. Accidental in
northern Europe.

Wils.
Northern and

248. Loxrta AmeERIcaNa,
Aud. pl. 197.
central parts.

249. Loxra Levucoprera, Gm.
(Lowxia falcirostra, Lath.) Aud.
pl. 364. Northern and central
parts.

TRIBUS IL—SCANSORES.

FAM. XV.—PSITTACIDA.
Gen. 174. Conurus, Kuhl.

250. Conurus Carotrnensis, Kuhl.
(Psittacus Carolinensis, LL.)
Aud. pl. 26. Southern and
western parts.

Curopeat

Amertcan Birds, 39

FAMILIA XVI.—PICIDA.

a. PICINE.

Gen. 177. Dryocopus, Boie.

265. Dryocorus Martius, Boie.

(Picus martius, L.) Gould,

225. Central and northern

Europe.

Genus 175. Denprocorus, Nob.
(Picus, Sw.)

Zo. Denpvrocorus PRINCIPALIs,
Boie. (Picus principalis, L.)
Aud. pl. 66. Southern parts.

Gen. 176. Dryotomus, Sw.

252. Dryotomus Piteatus, Sw.
(Picus pileatus, L.) Aud. pl.
111. America generally.

Gen. 178. Picus, L. (Dryobates, Boie,—Dendrocopus, Sw.)

266. Prcus Levconorus, Bechst.
Gould, pl. 228. North-eastern
Europe.

267. Picus Masor, L. Gould, pl.
229. Europe generally.

268. Picus Meprivus, L. Gould,
pl. 230. Central and sonthern
Europe.

269. Picus Minor, L. Gould,
pl. 231. Europe generally.

253. Picus Levcoris, Illig. (Picus
querulus, Wils.) Aud. pl. 389.
Southern parts.

254. Picus Vitiosus, L. Aud.
pl. 421. Northern parts.

255. Picus Varius, L. Aud. pl.
190. America generally.

256. Picus Pusescens, L. Aud.
pl. 112. America generally.

257. Picus Avupusoni, Trudean.
Aud. pl. 421. North-western
parts,

258. Picus Martini, Aud. pl.
423.

Gen. 179. Arrernus, Sw. (Picoides, Lacep.)

270. Aprernus Tripactytus, Sw.
(Picus tridactylus, L.) Gould,
pl. 232. Northern and central
Europe.

259. Aprernus Hirsutus, Nob.
(Picus hirsutus, Vieill.) Aud.
pl. 423. Northern parts.

260. AprrerNus Arcticus, Sw.
(Picus tridactylus, Nob. Am.
Orn.) Aud. pl. 132. Northern
parts.

Gen. 180. Meanerrgs, Sw.

261. Mernanerres Ruser, Nob.
(Picus flaviventris, Vieill. Picus
ruber, Lath.) Aud. pl. 421.
Southern parts,

262. Mevanerres EryTHROcEPHA-
Lus, Sw. (Picus erythrocepha-
lus, L.} Aud. pl. 27. North-
ern and central parts.

40 Curopean

Genus 182. Gecrnus, Boie.
(Chrysoptylus, Sw.)

271. Gecinus Viripts, Boie. ( Picus
viridis, L.) Gould, pl. 226.
Europe generally.

272. Grcinus Canus, Boie. (Picus

canus, L.) Gould, pl. 227.
Northern Europe.

any

American Birds.

263. Meranerres Torquatus, Sw.
(Picus torquatus, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 421.

Genus 181. Centurus, Sw.
264. Crnturus Caro.uinus, Sw.

(Picus Carolinus, L.) Aud.
pl. 421. America generally.

Gen. 183. Conaprtss, Sw.

265. Cotaptes Auratus, Sw. (Pi-
cus auratus, L.) Aud. pl. 37.
America generally.

266. Cotartes Rusricatus, Nob.
(C. Mexicanus, Sw. C. collaris.
Vig.) Aud. pl.421. Southern
parts.

b. YUNCINZ.

Gen. 184. Yuwx, L.

273. Yunx Torauitya, L. Gould,
pl. 233. Europe generally.

FAMILIA XVII.—CUCULIDZ.

a. CUCULINZ.

Gen. 185. Eryturorurys, Sw. (Piaya, Less.)

274, EryTHropurys AMERICANUS,
Nob. (Cuculus Americanus,
L.) Gould, pl. 242. Acci-
dental in the west of Europe.

Gen. 186. Cucutus, L.)

275. CucutusCanorus, L. Gould,
pl. 240. Europe generally.

Gen, 187. OxyLornus, Sw.
(Edolius, Less.)

276. OxyLtopnus Gianparius, Nob.
( Cuculus glandarius, L.) Gould,
pl. 241. Accidental in southern
Europe.

267. ErytTHropurys SENICULUs,
Nob. (Cuculus seniculus, L.)
Aud. pl. 169.

268. ErytHropurys EryTuropu-
tHALMUS, Nob. ( Cuculus ery-
throphthalmus, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 32. America generally.

269. EryTHropurys AMERICANUS,
Sw. (Cuculus Americanus, L.)
Aud. pl. 2. America gene-
rally.

Curopean

American Birds, 41

SECTIO III.—GYRANTES.

FAMILIA XVIII.—COLUMBIDZ.

a. COLUMBINZ.

Genus 188. Corumsa, L.

277. Cotumsa Patumesus, L.
Gould, pl. 248. Europe gene-
rally.

278. Cotumba Cinas, L. Gould,
pl. 244. Europe generally.

279. Cotumea Livia, Br. Gould,
pl. 245. Europe generally.

Gen. 190. Turtur, Ray.
(Peristera, Boie.)

280. Turtur Auritus Ray. (Co-
lumba turtur, U.) Gould, pl.
246.

270. Contumsa Fasctatra, Say.
Aud. pl. 367. North-western
parts.

271. Cotumsa Levucoceruata, L.
Aud. pl. 177. Southern parts.

Gen. 189. Ecrorisres, Sw.

272. Ecroristrs Micratoria, Sw.
(Columba migratoria, L.) Aud.
pl. 62. North-western parts.

273. Ecroristes CAROLINENSIS,SW.
(Columba Carolinensis, L.) Aud.
pl. 17. America generally.

Gen. 191. Zenaipa, Nob.

274. Zenaripa Amasitis, Nob.
(Columba zenaida, Nob.) Aud.
pl. 162. Southern parts.

275. ZenarpaA Montana, Nob.
(Columba montana, L.) Aud.
pl. 167. Southern parts.

Gen. 192. CuameEpeE.ia, Sw.

276. CuaMePELIA PasserRIna, Sw.
(Columba passerina, L.) Aud.
pl. 182. Southern parts.

Gen. 193. Srarnanas, Nob.

277. Starna@nas CyANocEPHALA,
Nob. (Columba cyanocephala,
L.) Aud. pl. 172.

42 European ant American Girds,

SUBCLASSIS [1.—GRALLATORES.

ORDO III.—GALLIN.

FAM. XIX.—PTEROCLID.

a. SYRRHAPTINZ.
Genus 194. Syrruaptes, Ill.

281. Syrruarres Parapoxus, II.
( Tetrao paradoxus, Pall.) East-
ern Europe.

b. PTEROCLIN.

Gen. 195. Prerocies, Temm.

282. Prerocies Atcuata, Steph.
(Tetrao alchata, L.) Gould,
pl. 258. (P. Setarius). South-
western Europe.

283.PTERocLtEs ARENARIUS, Temm.
( Tetrao arenarius, Pall.) Gould,
pl. 257. South-western Eu-
rope.

284. Prerocies Caspicus, Menetr.
South-eastern Europe.

FAMILIA XX.—PHASIANID.

Gen. 196. Meteacnris, L.

278. Meteacris Gatiopavo, L
Aud. pl. 1 male, pl. 6 fem. and
young. Western and southern
Gen. 197. Puastanus, L. parts.

285. Puasrtanus Cotcuicus, L.
Gould, pl. 247. Eastern Eu-
rope.

FAMILIA XXI.—TETRAONID.
a. PERDICINZ.

Gen. 198. Lopnortryx, Nob.

279. Lopnorryx Cauirornica, Nob.
(Tetrao californicus, Shaw.)
Aud, pl. 418. North-western
parts.

Curopean ant Amertcan Birds. 43

280. Lorpnortyx Dovetrasi, Nob.
(Ortyx Douglasi, Vig.) Aud.
pl. 418.

Genus 199. Orryx, Steph.

281. Ortyx Virernrana, Steph.
(Tetrao virginianus et marilan-
dicus, L.) Aud. pl. 76. Ame-
rica generally.

Gen. 200. Francotinus, Briss.

286. Franco.inus Vurearts, Briss.
(Tetrao francolinus, L.) Gould,
pl. 259. Southern Europe.

Gen. 201. Perpix, Nob.

287. Perprx Graca, Briss. ( Per-
dix saxatilis, Mey.) Gould,
pl. 261, fig. 2. Southern Eu-
rope.

288. Perprx Rusra, Briss. ( TZe-
trao rufus, L.) Gould, pl. 260.
Southern and central Europe.

289. Perpix Perrosa, Lath. ( Te-
trao petrosus, Gm.) Gould,
pl. 261, fig. 1. Southern Eu-
rope.

Gen. 202. Srarna, Nob.

290. Starna Cinerza, Nob. (7Ze-
trao perdix, L.) Gould, pl.
262. Europe generally.

Gen. 208. Corurnix, Temm.

291. Corurnix Dacrytisonans,
Meyer. (Tetrao coturnix, L.)
Gould, pl. 263. Europe gene-

rally.
Gen. 204. Bonasra, Nob.

292. Bonasia Sytvestris, Brehm. 282. Bonasta Umpentius, Nob.
(Tetrao bonasia, L.) Gould, (Tetrao umbellus, L.) Aud.
pl. 251. Northern and central pl 41. America generally.
Europe.

Gen. 205. Tetrao, L.

293. Terrao Urocatuus, L. Gould, 283. Terrao Osscurus, Say. ( Te-
pl. 248. Northern and central trao Richardsoni, Sabine.) Aud.
Europe. pl. 361. North-western parts.

294. Trerrao Menus, Leisler.
(T. hybridus, Sp.) Gould, pl.
249. Northern Europe.

44 European

295. Terrao Tetrix, L. Gould,
pl. 250. Northern and central
Europe.

Genus Lyrurus, Sw.

Genus 206

296. Lacorus Scorticus, Gould.
( Tetrao scoticus, Lath.) Gould,
pl. 252. British islands only.

297. Lacorus Atsus, Nob. (La-
gopus Saliceti, Sw.) Gould, pl.
255. Northern Europe.

298. Lacorus Mutus, Leach. (7e-
trao lagopus, L.) Gould, pl.
253. Northern and central

Europe.

299. Lacopus Rurrstris, Leach.
Gould, pl. 254, Northern Eu-
rope.

800. Lacorus BracuypacTyLus,
Gould. ( Tetrao brachydactylus,
‘Temm.) Gould, pl. 256.
North-eastern Europe.

Amertran Birds.

284. Tutrao Canapensis, L. ( Te-
trao Franklini, Dougl.) Aud.
pl. 176. Northern parts.

285. Terrao Curipo, L. Aud.
pl. 186. North-western parts.

286. Terrao PuastaneLuus, Gm.
Aud. pl. 382. Western parts.
(Genus Centrocercus, Sw.)

287. Terrao Uropuasranus, Nob.
Aud. pl. 371. (Centrocercus

urophasianus, Sw.) Nouth-
western parts.

. Lacopus, Vieill.

288. Lacorpus Axsus. (Tetrao
albus, 1.) Aud. pl, 191.

Northern parts.

289. Lacorus Mutus. (Tetrao
mutus, Lu.) Aud. pl. 418.
Northern parts.

290. Lacorpus Rupestris, Sw.
(Tetrao rupestris, Sab.) Aud.
pl. 368. Northern parts.

291. Lacorus Leucurus, Sw.
Aud. pl. 418. North-western
parts.

FAMILIA XXII.—CRYPTURIDA.

a ORTYGINA.

Gen. 207. Orryars, Ill.

301. Orryers Grsratrarica, Ll.
(Tetrao Gibraltaricus, Gm.)
Gould, pl. 264. South-western
Europe.

( Hemipodius, Temm.)

ORDO IV.—GRALLL.
FAMILIA XXIII.—CHARADRID 4.

Genus 208. Ors, L.
302. Cris Tarpa, L. Gould, pl.
267. Europe generally.

308. Oris Terrax, L. Gould, pl.
269. Europe generally.

European

304. Orrs Hovsara, L. Gould,
pl. 268. Accidental in south-
west of Europe.

Genus 209. CEpicnemus, L.

305. Gipicnemus Crepitans, Tem.
(Charadrius cedicnemus, Linn.)
Gould, pl. 288. Europe gene-
rally.

Gen. 210. Cursortus, Lacep.

306. Cursorrus Euvropaus, Lath.
(C. isabellinus, Meyer.) Gould,
pl. 266. Southern Europe.

Gen. 211. Guareota, Briss.

307. GuarEoua Pratincota, Nob.
(Hirundo pratincola, L.) Gould,
pl. 265. South-eastern Europe.

Gen. 212. AXciatiTEs, Boie.

308. Aiciatires Hiaricuta, Boie.
(Charadrius Hiaticula, Linn.)
Gould, pl. 296. Europe gene-
rally.

809. AXcrtatites INTERMEDIUS,
Menetr. South-eastern Europe.

310. A®ctanires Mrnor, Nob.
(Charadrius minor, Meyer.)
Gould, pl. 297. Central and
southern Europe.

311. AXeratites Cantrianus, Nob.
(Charadrius cantianus, Lath.)
Gould, pl. 298. Europe gene-
rally.

312. AXciatiteEs PyRRHOTHORAX;
Nob. (Charadrius Pyrrho-
thorax, Tem.) Gould, pl. 299.

Gen. 213. Eupromtas, Boie.

313. Eupromras Mortne.ta, Boie.

(Charadrius Morinellus, 1.)
Gould, pl. 295. Europe gene-
rally.

Gen. 214.
ie

Europe gene-

314. CHaraprius PLUuvIALIs,
Gould, pl. 294.
rally.

anit Amertcan Birds.

( Charadrius, L.)

292. /EciatiTEs SEMIPALMATUS,
Nob. (Charadrius Semipalma-
tus, Bon.) Aud. pl. 380.
America generally.

293. A®ci1atitreEs Montanus, Nob.

( Charadrius montanus, Towns. )
Aud. pl. 350.

294, AEc1atites Metopus, Nob.

(Charadrius melodus, Ord.)
Aud. pl. 220. America gene-
rally.

295. /Ecratites Witsontius, Nob.
(Charadrius Wilsonius, Ord.)
Aud. pl. 219. Southern and
central parts.

296. AEci1atitEs Vocirerus, Nob.
(Charadrius vociferus, L.) Aud.
pl. 225. America generally,
but rare in the northern parts.

Cuaraprius, L.

297. Cuaraprius VIRGINIACUS,
Borkh. (Charadrius Pluvialis,
Wiis.) Aud. pl. 3800. Ame-
rica generally.

46 Curopean

Genus 215.

315. Seuatarota Hetvetica, Cuy.
(Tringa Helvetica, L.) Gould,
pl. 290. Europe generally.

Gen. 216. Vane.uus, Briss.

316. Vanettus Grecarius, Pall.
(Vanellus Keptuschka, Tem.)
Gould, pl. 292. South-eastern
Europe.

317. Vanetius Cristatus, Meyer.
(Charadrius Vanellus, Linn.)
Gould, pl. 291. Europe gene-
rally.

Gen. 217. Horiorterus, Nob.

318. Hortoprerus Spinosus, Nob.
(Charadrius spinosus, L.) Gould,
pl. 2938.

Gen. 218.
319. Srrepsmuas InterRpres, IIl.
(Tringa interpres, L.) Gould,

pl. 318. Europe generally.

Gen. 219.

320. Hamarorus Osrratercus, L.
Gould, pl. 8300. Europe gene-
rally.

and American Birds.

SquaTARoLa, Cuy.

298. Sauararota Hetverica, Cuy.
(Charadrius apricarius, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 8384, _ America gene-
rally.

Srrepsiias, Ill.

299. Srrepsitas Interpres, IIl.
(Tringa interpres, Wils. Strep-
silas melanocephala, Vig.) Aud.
pl 304. America generally,

Hamatoprus, L.

300. Hamatorus Patiratus, Tem.
(Hematopus ostralegus, Wils.
Hf. Brasiliensis, Licht.) Aud.
pl. 223. Southern parts.

FAMILIA XXIV.—PSOPHID.

Gen. 220.

321. Grus Crnerea, Bechst. (47-
dea Grus, L.) Gould, pl. 270.
Europe generally.

322. Grus Lrucoceranos, Pall.
Gould, pl. 271. Eastern Eu-
rope.

Gen. 221. Crconta, Briss.

323. Crconta Aga, Belon. (4r-

dea ciconia, L.) Gould, pl.
283. Central Europe.

324. Ciconra Nicra, Belon. (Ar-
dea Nigra, L.) Gould, pl.
284. Central and southern
Europe.

Grus, Briss.

301. Grus Americana, Tem.
(Ardea Americana, Gm. Grus
Canadensis, Tem. juv.) Aud.
pl. 226 adult, 261 young.

European ant American Birds. 47

325. Ciconra Macuari, Tem.
(Ardea Maguari, Vieill.) Gould,
pl. 285. Accidental in Eu-

rope.
a. ARDEANA.
Genus 222. Arpea, L.
302, Arpea Occipenta.is, Aud.
pl. 281. Southern parts.
326. Arpea Cinerea, L. Gould, 303. ArpeA Heropias, L. Aud.
pl. 273. Europe generally. pl. 211. America generally,

rare in the north.

327. ArveA Purpurea, L. Gould,
pl. 274. Central and southern

Europe.
Gen, 223. Ecrerra, Nob.
328. Eoretta Ausa, Nob. (Ardea 304. Eeretra Levcr, Nob. (4r-
alba, I.) Gould, pl. 276. dea Leuce, Ill. Ardea Egretta,
South-eastern Europe. Wils.) Aud. pl. 886. South-

ern and central parts.

329. Ecretta Nicrirostris, Nob.
East of Europe.

330. Eeretta Orrientatis, Nob.
(Ardea xanthodactyla, Gm.)

331. Eererta, Garzetta, Nob. 305. Ecrerta Canprpissima, Nob.
(Ardea Garzetta, L.) Gould, (Ardea _ candidissima, Wils.)
pl. 277. South and eastern Aud. pl. 242. Southern and
Europe. central parts.

306. Ecretrra Rurescens, Nob’
(Ardea rufescens, Gm. adult?
Ardea Peali, Nob. juv.) Aud.
pl. 256. Southern parts.

307. Ecrerra Lupovicrana, Nob.
(Ardea Ludoviciana, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 217. Southern and
central parts.

308. Ecretra C#rutea, Nob.
(Ardea cerulea, L. § c@eru-
lescens, Lath. Aud. pl. 307.
Southern and central parts.

Gen. 224. Buruus, Boie.

332. Burnus Russatus, Nob.
(Ardea russata, Wag.) Gould,
pl. 278. South and eastern
parts of Europe.

48 European aut

(Ardea

Southern

333, Burnus VerRAnI.
Verrani, Roux.)

Europe.

334. Burnus Rattrorpes, Nob.
(Ardea ralloides, Scop.) Gould,
pl. 275. South and central
parts of Europe.

Gen. 226.

335. Arpeoua Minota, Nob. (4r-
dea minuta, L.) Gould, pl.
282. Europe generally.

Amertcan Birds.

Genus 225. Hrroptas, Boie.

309. Heropras Virescens, Nob.
(Ardea virescens, L.) Aud.
pl. 333. America generally.

Arproia, Nob.

310. Arpreoia Exits, Nob. (4r-
dea exilis, Gm.) Aud. pl. 210.
South end central parts.

Gen. 227. Botaurus, Steph.

336. Boraurus STetianis, Steph.
(Ardea stellaris, L.) Gould,
pl. 280. Europe generally.

337. Boraurus LenTIGINosus, Ste.
(Ardea Tentiginosa, Montag.)
Gould, pl. 281. Accidental in
Europe.

311. Boraurus Minor, Nob. (4r-
dea minor, Wils.) Aud. pl.
337. America generally.

Gen. 228. Nycticorax, Steph.

338. Nycricorax GarpeEnl, Jard.
(Ardea nycticorax, L.) Gould,
pl. 279. Europe generally.

312.Nycticorax Americanus Nob.
(Ardea nycticorax, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 236. America generally ;
but rarely in the north.

b. PLATALEINZ.
Gen, 229. Pratauea, L.

339. Pxraratea Levucoropia, L.
Gould, pl. 286. Europe gene-
rally.

313. Puatauea Asasa, L.

Aud.

pl. 821. Southern parts.

FAMILIA XXV.—TANTALID,

Gen. 230. Tantatus, L.

314. Tanratus Locurator, L.

Aud. pl. 216. Southern parts.

315. Tantatus Fuscus, Aud. pl.

Southern parts.

Gen. 231. Isis, Cuv.

316. Isis Rusra, Vieill. (Zantalus

ruber, L.) Aud. pl. 897. Acci-
dental in the southern parts.

Curopean

340. Inis Farcrnexuvs, Vieill. (Sco-
lopax falcinellus, L.) Gould,
pl. 311. South and central
parts of Europe.

Amertcan Birds. 49

317. Ints Ausa, Cuv. (Tantalus
albus, Gm.) Aud. pl. 222.

Southern parts.

318. Isis Orp1, Nob. (Jbis Fal-
cinellus, Nob. Tantalus Mexica-
nus, Ord. 7. Chalcopterus ? Tem.)
Aud. pl. 387. South. Acci-
dental in the central parts.

FAMILIA XXVI.—SCOLOPIDE.

Genus 232. Numentus, Lath.

341. Numenius Arequata, Lath.
(Scolopax arquata, L.) Gould,
pl. 302. Europe generally.

342. Numenius Pueoprus, Lath.
(Scolopax Pheopus, L.) Gould,
pl. 303. Europe generally.

343. Numenius Tenvutrostris,
Vieill. South of Europe.

Gen. 235. Eurrnoruyncuvs, Nilss.

344. Eurtnoruyncuus PycmMzus,
Nilss. (Platalea pygmea, L.)
Gould, pl. Accidental in
Europe.

319. Numentus Lone:rostris,
Wils. Aud. pl. 231. South
and central parts.

320. Numentius Hupsonrcus, Lath.
Aud. pl. 287. America gene-
rally.

321. Numenrius Boreauis, Lath.
(XN. brevirostris, Tem.) Aud.
pl. 208. America generally.

Gen. 233. Hemiearama, Nob.

322. Hemipatama HimanrTopus,
Nob. (Tringa Douglasii, Sw.
tate.) Aud. pl. 344. Ame-
rica generally.

Gen. 234. Hereropopa, Nutt.

323. Hereroropa Mauri, Nob.
South and central parts.

324. HeTeropopA SEMIPALMATA,
Nutt. (Zringa semipalmata,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 405. Ame-
rica generally.

Gen. 236. Trinca, Nob. (Calidris, Cuv.)

345. Trinca Marita, Brunn.
Gould, pl. 344. Europe gene-
rally.

346. Trinca Canutus, L. (Tringa
islandicus, Linn.) Gould, pl.
324.

325. Trinca Maritima, Brunn.
Aud. pl. 284. America gene-
rally.

326. Trinca Canutus, L. Aud.
pl. 315.

H

50 European

347. Trinca Rurescens, Vieill.
Gould, pl. 326. Accidental in
Europe.

Genus 2387.

348. Pretipna Suparauata, Cuv.
(Scolopax subarquata, Gm.)
Gould, pl. 8328. Europe gene-
rally.

349. Prextipna Cincius, Cuv.
(Tringa Cinclus et alpina, L.)
Gould, pl. 329. Europe gene-
rally.

350. Petipna Scuinzi, Nob.
(Tringa Schinzi, Brehm.)
Gould, pl. 330. Europe gene-
rally.

351. Penipna Pecroratis, Nob.
(Tringa ‘Pectoralis, Bonap.)
Gould, pl. 827. Accidental in
Europe.

352. PetipNa PLatyruyncnua, Cuv.
(Tringa platyrhyncha, Tem.)
Gould, pl. 331. Eastern and
central parts of Europe.

353. Pextipna Minuta, Cuv.
(Tringa minuta, Leisl.) Gould,
pl. 332. Europe generally.

354. Petipna Temmincxt, Cuv.
(Tringa Temminckii, Leisl.)
Gould, pl. 333. Europe gene-
rally.

Gen. 238.

855. Cauipris ARENARIA, III.
(Tringa arenaria, L.) Gould,
pl. 35. Europe generally.

Gen. 239. Fatcrnetius, Cuv.

356. FatcineLtus Cuviert, Nob.
(Scolopax pygmeus, L.) Gould,
pl. . Accidental in Eu-
rope.

Gen. 240. Macuetes, Cuv.

357. Macnetes Puenax, Cuv.
(Tringa pugnax, L.) Gould,
pl. 328. Europe generally.

Amertean Bwys-

327. Trinca Rurescens, Vieill.
Aud. pl. 265.

Pexipna, Cuv.

328. Petipna Suparauata, Cuv.
Aud. pl. 263. America gene-
rally.

329. Pextipna Crincius, Cuv.
Aud. pl. 290. America gene-
rally.

330. Pertipna Scuinzi, Nob. Aud.
pl. 278. America generally.

331. Pexipna Prctorauis, Say.
(Tringa Pectoralis, Bon.) Aud.
pl. 294. America generally.

332. Preripna Pusiuta, Nob.
(Tringa Pusilla, Wils.) Aud.
pl.

Catipnis, Ill.

333. Catmris Arenaria, IIl.
(Charadrius rubidus et Calidris,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 230. America
generally.

Curopean

anit American Bry. 51

Genus 241. Actrris, Boie, nec II.

358. Actitis Hyporevucos, Boie.
(Tringa Hypoleucus, L.) Gould,
pl. 318. Europe generally.

359. Actitis Macutarius, Nob.
(Tringa macularia, L.) Gould,
pl. 317. Accidental in Europe.

334. Actitis Macurartius, Nob.
(Tringa macularia, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 510. America generally.

Gen. 242. Actiturus, Nob.

360. Actirurus Barrramtius, Nob.
(Tringa longicauda, Bechst.)
Gould, pl. 318. Accidental in
Europe.

335. Actirurus Bartramius, Nob.

(Tringa Bartramia, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 303. America gene-
rally.

Gen. 243, Toranus, Bechst.

361. ToranusSracnartitis, Bechst.
(Scolopax totanus, L.nec Auct.)
Gould, pl. 314. Eastern and
southern Europe.

362. Totanus Gcuropus, Temm.
( Tringa ochropus, L.) Gould,
pl. 315, fig. 1. Europe gene-
rally.

363. Toranus Grareota, Tem.
(Tringa Glareola, Gm.) Gould,
pl. 315, fig. 2. | Europe gene-
rally.

364. Toranus Catipris, Bechst.
(Scolopax Calidris, L.) Gould,

pl. 310. Europe generally.
365. Toranus Fuscus, Bechst.
(Tringa fusca, L.) Gould,

pl. 309. Europe generally.

336. Totanus Ftraviees, Vieill.
(Scolopax flavipes, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 288. America generally.

337. Toranus CuHtoropyetus,
Vieill. (Tringa _ solitaria,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 289. America
generally.

838. Toranus MeLano.eucus,
Vieill.. (Scolopax vocifera,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 308. Ame-

rica generally.

Gen. 244. Catorrrornorus, Nob.

366. Caroprropuorus SEMIPAL-
matus, Nob. (Scolopaa semi-
palmata, L.) Gould, pl. 311.
Accidental in Europe.

Gen. 245.

367. Guottis Cutororus, Nils.
(Totanus Glottis, Bechst.)
Gould, pl. 312. Europe gene-
rally.

339. Caroprropuorus SemiIpaL-
matus, Nob. (Scolopax semi-
palmata, L.) Aud. pl. 274.

America generally.

Guortis, Nils.

340. Giortis FiLorrpanus, Nob.
(Totanus Glottis, Bechst.) Aud.
pl. 269. Southern parts.

bo

€Curopean

Genus 246. Terexia, Nob.

368. Terexta Javanica, Nob.
(Tringa Javanica, Horsf.)
Gould, pl. 307.

Gen. 247

369. Limosa Ruea, Briss. (Sco-
lopax lapponica, L.) Gould,
pl. 306. Europe generally.

370. Limosa AXcoceruata, Nob.
(Limosa melanura, Leisl.)
Gould, pl. 305. Europe gene-
rally.

6. SCO

and

Amertean Wtirds.

. Lrvosa, Briss.

341. Limosa Frpoa, Vieill, (Sco-
lopax Fedoa, L.) Aud, pl. 238.
America generally.

342. Sw.

Lrmosa_ Hupsonica,

(Scolopax Hudsonica,’ Lath.)
Aud, pl. 258. America gene-
rally.

LOPACINA.

Gen. 248. Macrorampuus, Leach.

371. Macrorampnuus Griseus,
Leach. (Scolopax grisea § no-
veboracensis, Gm.) Gould, pl.
323. Accidental in Europe.

343. Macrorampuus Grisgus,
Leach. Aud. pl. 335. Ame-
rica generally.

Gen. 249. Gatirnaco, Steph.

372. Gatiinaco Gaturinuta, Nob.
(Scolopax gallinula, L.) Gould,
pl. 8522. Europe generally.
The genus Philolimnos, Bote.

373. GaLLINAGO ScoLopPacINus,
Nob. (Scolopax gallinago, L.)
Gould, pl. 321, fig. 2. Europe
generally.

The genus Telmatias, Boie.

374.
(Scolopax
Gould, pl.
southern Europe.

Gatuinaco Breumi, Nob.
Brehmi, Kaup.)
Central and

875. Garuinaco Sasini, Nob.
(Scolopax Sabini, Vigors.)
Gould, pl. 321, fig. 1. British
Islands.

376. Gatiinaco Monracut, Nob.
(Scolopax major, Montague.)
Gould, pl. North and central
parts of Europe.

377.. Gatuinaco Major, Nob
(Scolopax major.) Gould, pl
320. Europe generally.

344, Gatiinaco Writsont, Nob.
(Scolopax gallinago. Wis.)
Aud. pl. 243. America gene-
rally.

345.GaLtInaco Drummonnil, Nob.
(Scolopax Drummondii, Sw.)
Aud. pl. North-western parts.

Gen. 250. Rusricona, (Vieill.)
Nob. (Microptera, Nutt.)

346. Rusticora Minor, Vieill.
(Scolopax minor, Gm.) Aud.

pl. 248. America generally.

European and

Genus 251. Scotopax, (L.) Nob.

378. Sconropax Rusticona, L.
Gould, pl. 319. Europe gene-
rally.

American Birds. 53

FAMILIA XXVIT,—RALLIDA.

Gen. 252. Aramus, Vieill.

347. Aramus Sconopaceus, Vieill.
(Rallus gigas, Nob.) Aud. pl.
377. Southern parts.

Gen. 253. Rattus, L.

379. Rativs Aauaticus, Linn.
Gould, pl. 339 Europe gene-
rally.

Gen, 254. Crex, Bechst.

380. Crex Prarensis, Bechst.
(Rallus crex, L.) Gould, pl.
341. Europe generally.

348. Rattus Errcans, Aud. pl.
203. Southern and central
parts.

349. Rattus Crepitans, Gm.
Aud. pl. 204. Southern and
central parts.

350. Rattus Vircrnranus, L.
Aud. pl. 205. Northern and
central parts.

Gen. 255. Ortrycomerra, Leach.

381.ORrTyGomETR4Porzana,Steph.
(Rallus porzana, L.) Gould,
pl. 848. Europe generally.

382. OrtycometTrRa BatLiont,
Steph. (Rallus Bailloni, Vieill.)
Gould, pl. 344. South and
eastern parts of Europe.

383. Orrycometra Pusrixa, Nob.
(Rallus pusillus, Pall.) Gould,
pl. 345. Europe generally.

351,.OrtyGomeTra Carotina,Nob.
(Rallus Carolinus, L.) Aud.
pl. 233. Central parts.

252. OrrycometTra Novezora-
cENsIs, Steph. (Rallus novebo-
racensis, Nob.) _ Aud. pl. 329,
America generally.

353. Ortycomerra JaMAIcENsts,
Steph.(2tallusJamaicensis,Gm.)
Aud. pl. 849. Southern parts.

Gen. 256. Gatuinua, Briss. (Stagnicola, Br.)

384. Ganttinuta Curoropus, Lath.
(Fulica chloropus, L.) Gould,
pl. 342. Europe generally.

354. Gatuinuta Gareara, Licht.
(G. chloropus, Bon.) Aud. pl.
244. Southern parts.

355. Gattrnuta Marrinica, Gm.
Aud. pl. 305. Southern parts.

Gen. 257. Futica, L.

885. Furica Atra, L. Gould, pl.
338. Europe generally.

356. Furtva Americana, Gm.
Aud. pl. 239. Northern and
central parts.

54 European ant American Birds.

Genus 258. Porpuyrio, Ray.

386.Porpuyrio Antiquorum, Nob.
(Porphyrio hyacinthinus, Ten.)
Gould, pl. 8340. Southern Eu-

rope.
FAMILIA XXVIII.—PHALAROPODIDA,
Gen. 259. Puatarorus, Briss. ( Crymophilus, Vieill.)
387. Puataropus Foricartus, Nob. 357.PHataropus Furicarius, Nob.
(Phalaropus platyrhynchos,Tem.) Aud. pl. 255. Northern parts.

Gould, pl. 337. | Northern and
central parts of Europe.

Gen. 260. Lozrrrs, Cuv.

388. Losrres Hyprrsorevus, Cuv. 358. Losires Hyprersorevs, Cuv.
(Phalaropus hyperboreus, Lath.) (Phalaropus hyperboreus, Lath.)
Gould, pl. 336. Europe gene- Aud. pl. 254. America gene-
rally. rally.

Gen. 261. Hotopopius, Nob.

359. Hotoropius Witsont, Nob.
(Phalaropus Wilsonii, Sabine.)
Aud. pl. 254. America gene-
rally.

FAMILIA XXIX.—RECURVIROSTRIDA,

Gen. 262. Himantopus, Briss.

389. Himantorus MELanoptTervs, 360. Himantorus Nicricottis,
Meyer. (Charadrius himanto- Vieill. (Recurvirostra himan-
pus, L.) Gould, pl. 289. Eu- topus, Wils.) Aud. pl. 328.
rope generally. Northern and central parts.

361. Hrimantopus Mexicanus,
Briss. Southern parts.

Gen. 263. Recurvirostra, L.

390. RecurvrrostRA AvocerTtTa, L. 362. Recurvirosta Americana, L.
Gould, pl. 368. Europe gene- (Recurvirostra occidentalis? Vi-
rally. gors.) Aud. pl. 318. America

generally.

FAMILIA XXX.—PHCENICOPTERIDA.

Gen. 264. Pua@nicorrterus, L.

391.PuanicorTerus ANTIQUORUM, 363. Pua@nicopTerus Ruser, Br.
Tem. (Pheenicopterus ruber, L.) (Phenicopterus ruber, L. part.)
Gould, pl. 287. Southern Aud. pl. 416. Southern, and

Europe. rare in central parts.

European ant Aimertean Birds, 55

ORDO V.—ANSERES.

FAMILIA XXXI.—ANATIDA.

a. CYGNINZ.

Genus 265. Cyanus, Mey.

392. Cycnus Otor, Ill. (Anas
olor, Gm.) Gould, pl. 354.
North-eastern Europe.

393. Cyenus Immutasinis, Yarr.
North of Europe and Great

Britain.

394. Cycenus Musicus, Bechst. 364. Cyenus Americanus, Sharp-

(Anas cygnus, L.) Gould, pl. less. (Cygnus musicus, Nob.
Europe generally. Syn) Aud. pl. 406. North-
ern parts.

395. Cyenus Bewicxn, Yarr. 365. Cyenus Buccinator, Rich.
Gould, pl. 356. Europe gene- Aud. pl. 876. Northern parts.
rally.

b. ANSERINZ.
Gen. 266. Cuen, Boie.

396. Cuen Hyprrsoreus, Boie. 366. CHen Hypersorevus, Boie.
(Anas hyperborea, L.) Gould, Aud. pl. 881. Northern and
pl. 846. Northern parts of central parts.

Europe.
Gen. 267. Awnser, Briss.

397. Awnser Atsirrons, Bechst. 367. AwnseR Atpirrons, Bechst.
(Anas albifrons, Gm.) Gould, Aud. pl. 286. Northern parts.

pl. 349. North and central
parts of Europe.

398. AnseR Crnereus, Meyer.
(Anas anser, L.) Gould, pl.
347. Europe generally.

399. AwnserR Secetum. Meyer. 368. Anser Canapensis, Vieill.
(Anas segetum, Gm.) Gould, (Anas Canadensis, Gm.) Aud.
pl. 348. Europe generally. pl. 201. Northern and central

parts.

369. Anser Hurtcuinst, Richard.
Aud. pl. 277. Northern parts.

Gen. 268. Brrnicta, Briss.

400. Bernicta Levucorsis, Steph. 370. Bernicia Levucorsts, Steph.
(Anas erythropus, Gm.) Gould, Aud. pl. 296. Northern parts.
pl. 250. North and central
parts of Europe.

56 European and American Birds.

401. Bernicra Brenta, Steph. 371. Bexnicta Brena, Steph.
(Anas bernicla, Gm.) Gould, Aud. pl. 391. Northern and
pl. 352. North and central central parts.

parts of Europe.

402. Bernicia Ruricoitis, Steph.
(Anas ruficollis, Pall.) Goud,
pl. 351. Mastern Europe.

Genus 269. Cuenatorex, Antiq.

403. Cuenatopex A®cypriaca,
Steph. (Anas Aigyptiaca, Gm.)
Gould, pl. 353. South-eastern
Europe.

c. ANATING.

Gen. 270. Taporwa, Leach.

404. Taporna Vutpanser, Leach.
(Anas Tadorna, L.) Gould, pl.
357. Europe generally.

Gen. 271. Casarca, Nob.

405. Casarca Rurira, Nob. (Anas
rutila, Pall.) Gould, pl. 358.
Eastern Europe.

Gen. 272. Anas, L. (Boschas, Sw.)
406. Anas Boscuas, L. Gould, 372. Anas Boscuas, L. Aud. pl.
pl. 361. Europe generally. 221. America generally.

373. Anas Osscura, Gm. Aud.
pl. 802. America generally.

374. Anas Aupusont, Bon. (Anas
bimaculata.) Aud. pl. 388.

Gen. 273. Margca. Steph.

407. Mareca Penetorr, Nob. 375. Mareca Americana, Steph.
(Anas Penelope, L.) Gould, (Anas Americana, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 859. Europe generally. pl. 845. Northern and central

parts.

Gen. 274. Cuautetasmus, G. R. Gray. ( Chauliodes, Sw.)

408. CuauLeLasmMus STREPERUS, 376. CuHauLeLAsmus STREPERUS,
G. R. Gray. (Anas strepera, G. R. Gray. Aud. pl. 346.
L.) Gould, pl. 366. Europe Northern parts.
generally.

Gen. 275. Darixa, Leach.

409. Darita Acuta, Nob. (Anas
acuta, L.) | Gould, pl. 365.
Europe generally.

410. Darira Marmorata, Eyton.

(Anas marmorata, Tem.) Gould,
pl. 873. Southern Europe.

Curd pean and

American Birds.

Genus 276. Ruyncuaspis, Leach. ( Clypeata, Br.)

411. Ruyncnuaspis Cxiyperara,
(Anas clypeata, L.)
Gould, pl. 360. Europe gene-

Leach.

rally.

377. Ruyncnaspis CLyPEAtTa,
Leach. (dnas clypeata, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 327. America gene-
rally.

Gen. 277. Cyanoprerus, Eyton.

412. Cyanorrerus Circra, Eyton.
(Anas querquedula, L.) Gould,
pl. 364. Europe generally.

378. CyanortTerus Discors, Eyton.
(Anas discors, L.) Aud. pl.
313. America generally.

Gen. 278. QuerauepuLa, Steph.

413. Querquepua Crecca, Steph.
(Anas crecca, L.) Gould, pl.
362. Europe generally.

414.Qureraueputa Grocirans, Vig.
(Anas bimaculata. Gm.) Gould,
pl. 863. East of Europe.

415. QuereurpuLA ANGUSTIROS-
tris, Menetr. Gould, pl.
South-east of Europe.

379. QuERQUEDULA CAROLINENSIS,
Nob. (Anas crecca, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 228. America gene-
rally.

Gen. 279. Arx, Boie.
( Dendronessa, Sw.)

380. Arx Sponsa, Boie. (Anas
sponsa, L.) Aud. pl. 206.
America generally.

d. FULIGULINE.

Gen. 280. Somaterta, Leach.

416.Somaterr1aAMo tissima, Leach
(Anas mollissima, L.) Gould,
pl. 374. Northern Europe.

417.SomaTERIASPEcTABILIS, Leach.
(Anas spectabilis, L.) Gould,
pl. 375. Northern Europe.

381.SomarerraMo.uissima, Leach.
Aud. pl. 246. Northern coast.

382.SoMATERIASPECTABILIS, Leach.
Aud. pl. 276. Accidental on
the northern coast.

Gen. 281. Srexiaria, Nob. (Polysticta, Eyton—Macropus, Nutt.)

418. Srevnaria Dispar, Nob.
Anas stellaris, Pall.) Gould,
pl. 372. North-eastern Europe.

383. Sretzarta Dispar, Nob.
Aud. pl. 417. Northern coast.

Gen. 282. Orpemia, Flem. (Melanitta, Br.)

419. Orpem1aPerspiciiuata, Flem.
(Anas perspicillata, L.) Gould,
pl. 376. Accidental in Europe.

420. O1pemra Fusca, Flem. ( Anas
fusca, L.) Gould, pl. 377.
Northern and central parts of
Europe.

384.O1pemia PersPrciLuaTa, Flem.
Aud. pl. 317. Northern coast.

385. OrpemiaA Fusca, Flem. ( dnas
fusca, Wils.) Aud. pl. 247.
Northern and central coasts.

I

58 European

421. Orpem1a Niara, Flem. ( dnas
Nigra, L.) Gould, pl. 378.
Northern and central parts of
Europe.

American Birds.

386. Orpemia AMERICANA, Sw.

(Anas Nigra, Wils.) Aud. pl.
408. Northern and central
coasts.

Gen. 283. Catuicuen, Br. ( Mergoides, Eyton.)

422. Catuicnen Rurinus, Brehm.
(Anas rufina, Pall.) Gould,
pl. 8369. Eastern and southern
Europe.

Gen. 284. Nyroca, Flem.
423. Nyroca Leucoputuatma, FI.

(Anas Nyroca, Gm.) Gould,
pl. 868. Europe generally.

Gen. 285. Ayruya, Boie.

424. Ayruya Ferrina, Boie. (Anas
ferina, L.) Gould, pl. 367.
Europe generally.

387. Aytuya EnryTHrocePHALA,

Nob. (dnas ferina, Wils.)
Aud. pl. 322. Northern and
central coasts.

388. Ayruya VALLISNERIA, Boie.

Anas vallisneria, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 301. Northern and central
coasts.

Gen. 286. Furicuxa, Steph.

425. Furicuta Mariza, Steph.
(Anas Marila, 1.) Gould,
pl. 371. Europe generally.

426. Futicuta Cristata, Steph.
(Anas Fuligula, L.) Gould,
pl. 370. Europe generally.

389. Furicura Marita, Steph.
(Anas Marila, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 229. America generally.

390. Futicuta Ruritrorauss, Nob.
(Anas fuligula, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 234. Northern and central
coasts.

Gen.287. Camproruyncuus, Eyton.

391. CamptorHyncnus Laprapo-
rus, Eyt. (Anas Labradoria,
Gm.) Aud. pl. 332. North-
ern coast.

Gen. 288. Cuancuta, Flem.

427. Cuancuta Guaucion, Boie.
(Anas clangula, L.) Gould,
pl. 379. Europe generally.

428. Cxiancuta Barrovi, Sw.
Gould, pl. 380. Accidental
in northern Europe.

429.CianecutaHistrionica, Leach.
(Anas histrionica,Gm.) Gould,
pl. 381. North of Europe.

392. Crancuta Americana, Nob.
(Anas clangula, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 342. America generally.

893. Cxiancuta Barrovi, Sw.
Aud. pl. 403. Northern.

394. Crancuta Atseota, Nob.
(Anas albeola, L.) Aud. pl.
325. Northern coast.

395.CLaneuLaHisrrionica, Leach.
(Anas _histrionica, Wils.)
Northern.

European

American Birds. 59

Genus 289. Harenpa, Leach.

430. Haretpa Guractatis, Leach.
(Anas glacialis, L.) Gould,
pl. 8382. Northern Europe.

396. Haretpa Gractatis, Leach.
(Anas glacialis, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 312. America generally.

Gen. 290. Ertsmatura, Nob.

431, Erismatura Mersa, Nob.
(Undina leucocephala.) Gould,
pl. 383. Eastern Europe.

397. Ertsmatura Rusipa, Nob.
(Anas rubida, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 343. Northern and central
coasts.

e. MERGINE.

Gen. 291. Mereus, L.

432. Mercus Ausetuus, L. Gould,
pl 387. Europe generally.

398. Mercus Atsetius, L. Aud.

pl. 847. Northern and central
coasts.

Gen. 292. Mercanser, Leach.

433. Mercanser Castor, Leach.
(Mergus castor and Mergan-
ser, L.) Gould, pl. 384. Eu-
rope generally.

434. MERGANSER SERRATOR, Leach,
(Mergus serrator, L.) Gould,
pl. 385. Europe generally.

435. Mercanser Cucuttatus, Nob.
Mergus cucullatus, L.) Gould.
pl. 386. Accidental in Europe.

399. Mrercanser Castor, Leach.
Aud. pl. 331. America gene-
rally.

400. MercanserSerrator, Leach.
Aud pl. 401. America gene-
rally.

401.Mercanser Cucuttatus, Nob.
Aud. pl. 232. America gene-
rally.

FAMILIA XXXIT.—PELECANID.

Gen. 293. PHatacrocorax. Briss.

436. Puatacrocorax Carso, Cuv.
(Pelecanus carbo, L.) Gould,
pl. 407. Europe generally.

437. Puatacrocorax GracaLus,
Cuv. (Pelecanus Gracalus,
Gm,) Gould, pl. 408. Europe
generally.

438. Puatacrocorax Pycmzus, -

Cuv. (Pelecanus pygmeéus, Pall.)
Eastern Europe.

439, Puauacrocorax CristTatus,
Cuy. (Pelecanus cristatus, Olf.)
Gould, pl. 410. Northern Eu-
rope.

440. Poatacrocorax DesMARESTI,
Gould, pl. 411. Southern and
eastern Europe.

402. Puatacrocorax Carso, Cuyv.
Pelecanus carbo, Wils.) Aud,
pl. 266.

60

Curopean anv Amertcan Birds.

403. Puatacrocorax BRASILIEN-
sis Nob. (Ph. Floridanus,
Aud.) pl. 252.

404. Puatacrocorax Drinopruus,
Nob. (Carbo dilophus, Sw.)
Aud, pl. 257.

Genus 294. Pe.ecanus, L.

441. Petecanus Onocroratus, L.
Gould, pl. 405.

442 Prevecanus Crispus, Feldegg.
Gould, pl. 406. South-eastern
Europe.

Gen. 295

443. Suta Bassana, Briss. (Pele-
canus bassanus and maculatus,
Gm.) Gould, pl. 412. Eu-
rope generally.

405. PerecanusTRACHYRHYNCHUS,
Lath. (Pelecanus erythrorhyn-
chus, Gm. P.Americanus, Aud.)
Aud. pl. 311. Rare in central
parts.

406. Petecanus Fuscus, L. Aud.
pl. 251. Southern parts.

. Suna, Briss.

407. Sura Americana, Nob. (Pe-
lecanus bassanus, Nob.) Aud.
pl. 8326. Central coast.

408. Suza Fusca, Briss. (Peleca-
nus sula, L.) Aud. pl. 207.
Southern coast.

Gen. 296. TacuypeTes, Vieill.

409. Tacuyeetes Aquitus, Vieill.
(Pelecanus aquilus,L.) Aud.
pl. 271. Southern coast.

Gen. 297. Prorus, L.

410. Prorus Anurnea, L.) Aud.
pl. 316. Southern coast.

¢

Gen. 298. Hexiornis, Bonn.

411. Heuiornis SurinaMeEnsis,
Bonn. Accidental on the south-
ern coast.

Gen. 299. Puzron, L.

412. Puxton AEtuErReEus, L. Aud.
pl. 262. Tropical coast.

FAMILIA XXXIII.—LARIDA,

a. RHYNCHOPSINE.

Genus 300. Ruyncuops, L.

413. Ruyncnors Nicra, L. Aud.
pl. 262. Tropical coast.

Curovpean

ant Amertcan Birys. 61

b STERNINE.
Gen. 301. Srerna, L.

444, Sterna Hrrunpo, L. Gould,
pl. 417. Europe generally.

445.SternaArctica, Tem. Gould,
pl. 419. Northern Europe.

446. Srerna Dovetati Mont.
Gould, pl. 418. Europe gene-

rally.
447. Sterna Mrinuta, L. Gonld,
pl. 420. Europe generally.—

The genus Sternula, Boie.

414. Sterna Witsont, Nob. (Ster-
na hirundo, Wils.)

415. Srerna Hirunpo, L. Aud.
pl. 309. Northern and central
coasts.

416. Srerna Arctica, Tem. Aud.
pl. 250. Northern coast.

417. Sterna Dovucatim, Mont.
Aud. pl. 240.
418. Sterna Ancentea, Nutt.

(Sterna minuta, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 319. Northern and central
coasts.

Genus Sternut4, Boie.

Gen, 302. Hyprocnexipon, Boie.

448. Hyprocnetipon Nicrum,
Sterna Nigra, L.) Gould, pl.
422. Europe generally.

449. Hyprocuetipon Levucopte-
rom, Boie. (Sterna leucoptera,
Tem.) Gould, pl. 423. South-
ern and eastern Europe.

450. Hyprocuetipon Levucopa-
rEtA, Nob. (Sterna leucopa-
reia, Natt.) Gould, pl. 424.
Southern and eastern Europe.

419. Hyprocuetipon Nicrovm,
Boie. (Sterna Nigra, L.) Cen-

tral coast.

420. Hyprocuetipon Funicino-
sum, Nob. (Sterna fuliginosa,
Gm.) Aud. pl. 235. South-
ern and south-eastern coasts.

Gen. 303. Mecatorrerus, Boie.

451.MEGALOPTERUS STOLIDUS, Bole
(Sterna stolida, L.) Gould, pl.
421. Accidental in Europe.

421. Mecatoprerus Stouipus, Boie
(Sterna stolida, L.) Aud. pl.
275. Rare on the northern
coast.

Genus 304. Tuatasseus, Boie.

452. Tuatasseus Cantracus, Boie.
(Sterna cantiaca, Gm.) Gould,
pl. 415. Europe generally.

422. Tuatasseus CantT1acus, Boie.
Aud. pl. 279.

423. Tuauassrus Cayanus, Boie.
(Sterna cayana, Gm.) Aud.
pl. 273. Southern coast.

Gen. 305. GetocneLipon, Brehm.

453. GetocuEetipon Anatica, Nob.
(Sterna anglica, Mont.) Gould,
pl. 416. Great Britain.

424, Getocuetipon ARANEA, Nob.
(Sterna aranea, Wils.) Aud.
pl. 409. Northern coast.

62 European

Gen. 306. Sytocueripon, Brehm.

454. Syriocnerron Caspia, Br.
(Sterna Caspia,Gm.) Gould,
pl. 414. Southern Europe.

caus

Gen. 307.

455. Gavia Exsurnea, Boie. (La-
rus Eburnea, Gm.) Gould,
pl. 436. Northern Europe.

Gen. 308.

456. Xema Sasrni, Leach. (Larus
Sabini, Leach.) | Gould, pl.
429. Northern Europe.

457. Xema Minurvum, Boie. (La-
rus minutus, Pall.) Gould,
pl. 428. North-eastern Eu-
rope.

458. Xema Capistratum, Boie.
(Larus _capistratus, | Tem.)
Gould, pl.

459. Xema MeELanocePHatum,
Boie. (Larus Melanocephalus,
Natt.) Gould, pl. 427. South-
ern Europe.

460. Xema Rrvisunpum, Boie.
(Larus ridibundus, L.) Gould,

pl. 425. Europe generally.
461. Xema Puumicers, Nob.
Southern Europe.
462. Xema Arricitzta, Nob.

(Larus atricilla, Pall.) Gould,
pl. 426. Accidental in Eu-
rope.

463. Xema Icutruyaétum, Nob.
(Larus ichthyaétus, Pall.) South-
eastern Europe.

Genus 309

464. Rissa Tripactyia, Leach.
(Larus tridactylus, L.) Gould,
pl. 435. Northern Europe.

Gen. 310.

465. Rossta Rosgea, Nob. (Larus
Rossii, Sabine.) Gould, pl.—
Northern Europe.

and

Amertcan Birds,

ARINZ.

Gavia, Boie.

425. Gavia Ezurnea, Boie. (Larus
Eburnea, Gm.) Aud. pl. 287.
Northern coast.

Xema, Leach.

426. Xema Sasini, Leach. Aud.
pl. 288. Northern coast.

427. Xema Bonapartu, Nob-
(Larus Bonapartii, Richards.)
Aud. pl. 324. Northern coast.

Nob.
Aud. pl.
America generally.

428. Xema Arricinua,
(Larus atricilla, L.)
314.

429. Xema Franxuint, Nob.
(Larus Franklini, Rich.) Aud.
pl. Northern coast.

. Rissa, Leach.

430. Rissa Trripactyta, Leach.
(Larus tridactylus, L.) Aud.
pl. 224. Northern coast.

Rossta, Nob.

431. Rossta Rosga, Nob. (Larus
Rossii, Sab.) Aud. pl.
Northern coast.

Curopean

ant Amertcan Birds. 63

Gen. 311. Larus, L.

466. Larus Gtavucus, Brunn.

Gould, p]. 432. Northern Eu-

rope.

467. Larus Marinus, L. Gould,
pl. 430. Europe generally.

468. Larus Aupovin,
Gould, pl. 438.

469. Larus Canus, L. Gould,
pl. 437. Europe generally.

470 Larus Fuscus, L. Gould,
pl. 431. Europe generally.

Peyr.

471. Larus Leucorprerus, Nob.
(Larus islandicas,Edm.) Gould,
pl. 483. Northern Europe.

472. Larus Arcenratus, Brunn.
Gould, pl. 434. Europe gene-
rally.

d. LESTRINZ.

Gen. 312. Catraracra, Brunn.

473. Cararacta Sxvua, Brunn.
(Larus Catarractes, L.) Gould,
pl. 439. Northern Europe.

Gen. 313.

474. Lestris Pomarinus, Tem.
Gould, pl. 440. Northern
Europe.

475. Lestris Parasitica, Il.
Larus parasiticus, L.) Gould,
pl. 442.

476. Lestris Ricuarpsoni, Sw.
Gould, pl.441. Northern En-
rope.

432. Larus Gtavucus, Brunn.
Aud. pl. 396. Northern, very
rare on southern coast.

433. Larus Marinus, L. Aud.
pl. 241. Northern and central
coasts.

434. Larus Zonoruyncuus, Rich.
Aud. pl. 212. Northern coast.

435. Larus Leucoprterus, Nob.
(Larus islandicus, Edm.) Aud.
pl. 282. Northern and central
coasts.

436. Larus ArGentatus, Brunn.
Aud. pl. 291. America gene-
rally.

Lestris, Illis.

437. Lestris Pomarinus, Tem.
Aud. pl. 253, Northern coast.

438. Lesrris Burronr, _ Boie.
(Larus parasiticus, L.) Aud.
pl. 267. Accidental in North
America.

439. Lesrris RicHarpsoni, Sw.
(Lestris parasitica, Boie.) Aud.
pl. 272. Northern coast.

FAMILIA XXXIV.—PROCELLARID.

Genus 314. Diomepea, L.

440. Diomepea Fusca, Nob. Aud.
pl. 407. Central coast.

64 European

American Birds.

Gen. 815. Procetxartia, L.

477. Proceriaria Gracratis, L.
Gould, pl. 446. Northern
Europe.

441. Procertaria Graciauis, L.
Aud. pl. Accidental in
North America.

Gen. 316. Purrinus, Briss.

478. Purrinus Anctorum, Ray.
(Procellaria Anglorum, Tem.)
Gould, pl. 443. Northern and
central parts of Europe.

479. Purrinus Oxsscurus, Steph.
(Procellaria obscurus, Vieill.)
Gould, pl. 444. Europe gene-
rally.

480. Purrinus Crnereus, Steph.
(Procellaria puffinus, LL.)
Gould, pl. 445. Europe gene-
rally.

442, Purrinus Anctorum, Ray.
Aud. pl. 295. Accidental in
North America.

443. Purrinus Osscurus, Steph.
Aud. pl. 299. Accidental on
the central coast.

444. Purrrnus Crnereus, Steph.
Aud. pl. 283. Northern coast.

Gen. 317. Tuatassiproma, Vig.

481. Tuanasstproma Pernacica,
Vig. (Procellaria pelagica,
L.) Gould, pl. 447, fig. 2.
Europe generally.

482. Tuatassiproma Leacut, Nob.
(Procellaria Leachii, Tem.)
Gould, pl. 447, fig. 1. Europe
generally.

483. Tuatassiproma Witsont,
Nob. (Procellaria Wilsoni,
Nob. Accidental
in Europe.

484. TuHatasstproma Butwenrt,
Nob. (Procellaria Bulwerii,
Jard.) Gould, pl. 448. Acci-
dental in Europe.

445. TuatassiproMa Pep.acica,
Vig. Aud. pl. 311. Atlantic
ocean.

446. Tuarasstproma Leg acut,
Nob. Aud. pl. 260. Atlantic

ocean.

447. TuatasstpRoMA W1tsonr,
Nob. (Procellaria pelagica,
Wils.) Aud. pl. 270. South-

ern coast.

FAMILIA XXXV.—COLYMBID#.

a. PODICIPIN.

Genus 318. SyisEocycius, Nob.

485. Sytprocyctus Minor, Nob.
(Podiceps minor, Lath.) Gould,
pl. 392. Europe generally.

448. Sytprocycius CARoLiINnensIs,
Nob. (Podiceps Carolinensis,
Lath.) Aud. pl. 248. Ame-
rica generally.

Gen. 319. Ponicrrs, Lath.

486. Popicers Avritus, Lath.
Gould, pl. 391. Europe gene-
rally.

449. Popicers Auritus, Lath.
Aud. pl. 404. Northern coast.

Curopean

487. Popicers Cornurus, Lath.
Gould, pl. 390. Europe ge-
nerally.

488. Popicers Rugricottis, Lath.
Gould, pl. 389. Europe ge-
nerally.

489. Popicers Cristatus, Lath.
Gould, pl. 388. Europe ge-
rally.

American Birds. 65

450. Popicers Cornurus, Lath.
Aud. pl. 259. Northern and
central coasts.

451. Popicers Rusricotiis, Lath.
Aud. pl. 298. Northern and
central coasts.

452. Popicers Cristatus, Lath.
Aud. pl. 292. Northern and
central coasts.

b. COLYMBIDE.

Genus 320. Corymeus, L.

490. Coxrymsus Guactatis, L.
Gould, pl. 393. Northern and
central parts of Europe.

491. Conymsus Arcricus, L.
Gould, pl. 394. Northern and
central parts.

492. Cotymsus Batrtuicus, Horns.
Gould, Suppl. pl. Northern
Europe.

493. CotymBuUs SEPTENTRIONALIS,
L. Gould, pl. 395. Europe
generally.

453. Cortymspus Guacrauis, L.
And. pl. 306. Northern and
central coasts.

454. Corymsus Arcticus, L. Aud.

pl. 346. Northern coast.

455. Cotympus SEPTENTRIONALIS,
L. Aud. pl. 202. Northern
coast.

FAMILIA XXXVI.—ALCID.

Gen. 321. Urza, Briss.

494, Uria Troms, Lath. Gould,
pl. 396 and 397. Europe ge-
nerally.

495. Urra Brunnicui, Sabine.
(Uria Franesii, Leach.) Gould,
pl. 398. North of Europe.

496. Urra Gryutus, Lath. Gould,
pl. 399. North and central
parts of Europe.

497. Urta Maupthn, Licht. North-
east of Europe.

Genus 322.

498. Mercutus Atte, Nob. (Alcea
alle, L.) Gould, pl. 402.
Northern and central parts of
Europe.

456. Unita Trome, Lath. Aud.
pl. 818. On the coast gene-
rally.

457. Urta Brunnicur, Sabine.

Aud. pl. 245. North-western
of North America.

458. Urra Gryite, Lath. Aud.
pl. 219. On the coast gene-
rally.

Mereutus, Ray.

459. Mercutus Auxe, Nob. Aud.
pl. 339. (Uria alle, Wils.)
Northern shores.

kK

66 Curopean

Gen. 325.

499. Mormon Arcrticus, Ill. (Alea
Arctica, L.) Gould, pl. 403.
Northern Europe.

500. Mormon Guactrauis, Leach.
Gould, pl. 404. Northern Eu-
rope.

and

American Birds.

460. Merautus Anriauus, Nob.
(Alea antiqua, Pall.) Aud.
pl. 402. Northern shores,

Genus 323. Ceratoruyncna, Nob.
( Cerorhynca, Nob.)

461. Ceratoruynca OcciIpENTALIS,
Nob.( Phaleris cerorhynca, Nob.)
Aud. pl. 402. | Western coast.

Gen. 324. Puaueris, Tem.

462. Puaxteris Nopirostra, Nob.
( Cerorhynca occidentalis, Vig.)
Aud. pl. 402.

463. PHALerRtis Suprerciuiosa, Nob.
(Phaleris cristatella, Tem.)
Aud. pl. 402.

464. Puateris Cristatetya, Nob.
nec Tem. (Alcea cristatella,
Auct,. nec Vieill.) Aud. pl.
On the western shores.

465. Puateris Terracuta, Steph.
(Alca tetracula, Pall.)

466. Puateris Psirracuta, Steph.
(Alca psittacula, Pall.) North
western coast.

Mormoy, IIl.

467. Mormon Arcricus, Ill. Aud.
pl. 215. Northern coast.

468. Mormon Gractatis, Leach.
Aud. pl. 293. On the coast
generally.

469. Mormon Crrruatus, Tem.
(Alea cirrhata,Gm.) Aud. pl.
249. Western coast.

Gen. 326. Uramanta, Leach.

501. Uramania Torpa, Leach.
(Alcea Torda, and Pica, L.)
Gould, pl. 401. Europe gene-
rally.

Gen. 327.

Gould,
Northern Europe.

502. Auca Impennts, L.
pl. 400.

Leach.
America gene-

470. Uramania Torna,
Aud. pl. 214.
rally,

Auca, Leach.

471. Auca Impennis, L. Aud. pl.
3841. Northern coast.

67

SUMMARY.
FAMILIES found in FAMILIES found in
Europe” - - - 36 North America - - 34
Families of Europe, Families of North
not of North Ame- America, not of
rica - - ee Europe - = Ee
GENERA found in Eu- GENERA found in North
rope = - 246 America - - - 218
Genera of Europe, Genera of North
not of North Ame- America, not of
rica - - - 109 Europe - - 81
SPECIES found in Eu- SPECIES found in North
rope - - - 503 America - - - 471
Species of Europe, Species of North
not of North Ame- America, not of
rica - - - 403 Europe - - 371
ERRATA.

Familia XV. read XVII.; and two additional numbers must be added to
each of the succeeding Families.

,’

Page 49. “ Scoropipm,” read “ Scoropacip®.”

Add,

183a. Turpus Mierartorius, L.
Gould, pl. 74. Accidental in
Europe.

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