IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN Kenneth Hunkins LAMONT GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY (Columbia University) Palisades, New York Final Report AF 19 (60h) = 2030 November 15, 1960 Prepared for GEOPHYSICS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE AIR FORCE CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH CENTER AIR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND UNITED STATES AIR FORCE BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS -196b- NovI5~ “ b Ae MMA my tThoo TOe0 O (WAM AMI 1OHM/ 181 Abstract The use of stations on drifting pack ice for geophysical and oceanographic studies of the Arctic Ocean proved highly successful. The investigations by Lamont Geological Observatory from Drifting Stations Alpha, Bravo and Charlie provided new information about the environment of the Arctic Oceane A prominent topographic feature, the Alpha Rise, was delineated and mapped from Station Alpha. The floor of the Arctic Ocean was observed directly for the first time in submarine bottom photographs. Unique deposits of gravel were found on the ocean floor and found to have been ice-rafted from a glacial shore area. Acoustic wave propagation in the ice revealed large seasonal changes in velocity. The Chukchi Rise was delineated in detail with fathograms produced by a precision depth recorder on Station Charlie. Long range deep-water underwater sound transmission was also observed from this station and the results interpreted in terms of normal mode theory. Finally, at Station Bravo, shallow-water underwater sound transmission was observed and found to agree with theory for normal modes propagating in an ice-water=-sediment system. sininkiacy ail a ‘saa satentab mettle see: ea sit libs ik two i sts oe 36 elie stig edckSade gabrbT nove ceodeitaedd Lantnefoos) dnomal yi snoktapkecowat Freamontine eit duods cottsnmtad wan bebivon, etfred) bas ove edge naw oath arig ha: onté eowtret otAgomypgot tsa tory A sniee00 obtorta ext 20 | | iss0d obdoith et 20 tooft ant? s8A@ih no tse2 mont beqqan bra beteont } a ceenins sta gfitemarive: tb omkd Seni ort 10% itoonth & beviseds 7 " 3 indie evas sitavooA peta pers tatvety e mort? bevtemoot - " pki FMpdedo ert sigttoofey ak cogitadls Tesors9e optel befseves oof edt | Hidqeb notehoos 8 Yd hooubowy etemedia'l ddiv Lisdeb nb Dedsontfob ! braves SeEA teden-qoed Satiort ttn ob lagi roktad® to rebr a 4 bedengisini qtfueet add ‘Bins coltste ett mba® bevrecdo cela aaw notes. tmnm sotawevol lactis oven nobses’. te yyflenkt grytosds ebors Lemeron to aon? a ymoets ddlw ergs of bento brik hawreedo sip tie i oalmishansd bavoa ede . | eMetaye por Ra rie SEE aii clad a9 Soa Lamross aw i Introduction The program in the Arctic of the United States of America during the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958) included a drifting pack ice station in the Arctic Oceans This pack ice station, Drifting Station Alpha, was a joint effort of the United States Air Force and the United States National Committee for the IGY. The geophysical studies of ice, o¢ean and ocean floor were carried out by Lamont Geological Observatory under contract from the Geophysical Research Directorate of Air Force Cambridge Research Center. These geophysical studies are the subject of this report. The original contract provided for work at Station Alpha but it was extended to cover further work on Drifting Station Charlie (1959) and on Drifting Station Bravo (T-3, 1960). This report is a summary of the work done only. Detailed results of the findings of this project are found in the papers and scientific reports published under the contract and listed in the bibliography. Individuals responsible for the work at the ice stations were as follows: Station Alpha = summer 1957 - Maurice Davidson Kenneth Hunkins winter 1957-58 ~ Frans van der Hoeven spring 1958 ~ Kenneth Hunkins summer 1958 = Kenneth Hunkins Bryan Isacks Gary Latham autumn 1958 = George Cvijanovich Station Charlie - spring and summer 1959 = George Cvijanovich Arthur Hubbard Henry Kutschale William Cromie be ange ia | abtase guusnine qHottete aot soa “. nma800, bettelt eiit Bae eox0% tka eetst@ beset) add Yo sorte ake B aa ggot ‘to eakberte Saotaylaoes ed? Mr eit “0% oodd-temoo fanobsuil © wroserrsadd, Laotyotoo0 Seromet ‘yd dno. hotiena enw 008"). masoo baw ¢ eo10t WA to staobooxttl doteoust Eeoteytgnet orlt mors youtdno % to sootdue. ont ots sotbute Frotecdqous sao a tednied Horan 93 an noting? ts Atow 107 babtvor toatttos faatgbso ant peti ide (ever) et !tadt> notdas2 Gatstixd do arow edit Yavoo o¢ bebnedue: aa a ont © ermine: 8 Qh troge’ eit .(GIRL*~Eet) ovexi noktase yotehind 0 | bowel o%6 Joatortg aidd » agnibal? edt to edfuee: boLisdted “efino auto 3 7 brs Sarit ont ‘gebaw berlatidug edroaerr obhidastoe fine aroqsq one ¢ sidqaagontete ‘ett ak & es otaw enottets oor eit ts How exit rol ofdiinnoqeot eeu vibeit moehivat noite! - Fees TORIES sig lA noktade anbind dtonnsa neveol eb aay enevt = BRTACL todatw entinwt dteaned « P2eL gstaqs atisiiwl steno -- G20L emmura exosal ney Metis! yoo Hoivonstivd egtoed - B2¢f omrdus dat voast tvo eproet - C2QL comave bes gabage » oifvadd moister “paeddul ide oladsated yunol Simo mete thi ne Station Charlie - autumn and winter 1959 - Thomas Herron Roy Willie Charles Chance Station Bravo (T=3) - spring 1960 - Kenneth Hunkins Henry Kutschale Thomas Herron autum 1960 - Thomas Herron Richard Knapp During the course of the work at Station Alpha, a combined laboratory was occupied with the Micrometeorological Program of the University of Washingtone The laboratory was a double Jamesway but proved generally satisfactory. The building was moved once in May 1958 during a general camp move to an adjacent floe. The program at this station included seismic depth soundings on a daily or twice-daily basis, seismic studies of sea ice, recording of magnetic elements with an Askania variometer, daily gravity readings, daily current readings with a Gurley Current meter and some readings with drag meters and Roberts current meters. The program at Alpha also included seismic refraction work during 1958 and the operation of an All-Sky Camera and Durral Patrol Spectrograph during the winter darkness. Some investigations of ice strain and telluric currents were also done. Oceanography included bottom coring, dredging, bottom photography and two hydrographic stations. The navigation of the station was determined with daily celestial fires when cloud cover permitted. After the evacuation of station Alpha in November 1958, plans were begun for a new drifting station. This station, Charlie, was occupied in the spring of 1959. The Lamont programs of seismic soundings, bottom coring, dredging and bottom photoeraphy were all continued at this station. They tn avsan ~ od¢C gain = ton ovat onset ‘ ——— eetfonsis ol ‘c a itor? ~ O88 mmwtys aqact brsiokt bonkdnos 8 enti lh nolsase ds vow ede to semga eae. sabe ont to. ‘mETOT Eepcanlninntnnaem, on? ‘ow baketuso. enw a xa . Bevery suc ‘Yameamsh eldrol 3 enw ‘yrodarodel o:iT scodgiitash to. wie _ 8 Bath aver YM nt eono hevem vew nnibfind od? swiotoatektas:” hebu font noteate eidd Je morgors oT .ooft dnsoslbs ne of oven! ies ra‘te to eethoda oimates ,okead Ykabupoles w Yiteb 5s no egeitheaoe sidqeb © | a . ited vintemokiay elowleA me cblw atcer cafe, otveongem to Bnitbroen 908 ps bas sagen tnerw? yolwi) 4& diliw eqcibset dnerwo yikeb cagetbaet EVE #e meigotg ofT .etaitan dug airatoh bas ersten geth ddiw wanibeen 5 mokteteqo edt bos B2CL ankuwh arow mol tostter otuater bebufont coals ada tetniu erid ‘tw dgexsotiney? forte Lavmd bas stemmed YIeLLA ne ozln stow athe nso okus{fet Boe niente post 40 enolisyiseduii i eni08 + 820m bh. | Wigergovordg mottod ganigheth ,yfiitoo modjod hehrfons Yelqwrgonego0 one bentanetob eau nolvete edd to noivegiven of? wonoitete ofdasrsothyd owl f an shettinteg tevoo buofs now eerit Ietteefon yfiab rhkbee . Pil enafg ,Seer ‘sedmevoll at giglA notdade to nobtewsave edd tevtA «2 - axis Fd beigquoos eaw gatizedd -ystoitate eit? .toltsts yaidticth wea a aot nme ‘ ynktoo modded ,egatbmios olmetos to emargo1q foomed eff .ee@k to abate ‘vod? eftokfate etl? te beunidnoo Ife etew ylgetsotorig modtod baa gnigberb =3 ) have proved to be successful techniques which yield important data in the Arctic Oceane New instruments were adapted or developed for this station. These included a microbarovariograph to record small air pressure oscillations, a precision depth recorder for continuous sounding, a nuclear precession magnetometer for the total magnetic vector, a long period seismometer for detection of earthquakes and ice motion. This program was continued until the evacuation of Station Charlie in January, 1960. During the spring of 1960, a program of seismic refraction measurements was executed at T-3. A seismic spread was placed on the ice near the ice island and shots were fired at varying distances, Transportation was by the Cessna airplanes from Arctic Research Laboratory and by Weasel tracked vehicle. Some ice tremor studies were also made. The work at T-3 was continued again in the fall with the installation of a microbarovariograph , a puclear precession magnetometer and a long period seismograph. Pi : “a et mn eer ea Soe Paes: Oe | | pt eedqucmaton shen gol s ih i foot att aot er ee aid soobtan ent bes asrpaiy al) y OBL pees fut "ei fedD mutes. Yo roldee sobiosion sinaies Yo nemem » (08@E to seins add gat sot eA 0 baoatq, daw beonqe otmetoe A st T te” edna eam Sevan rashaieeumdd eennoniet earl ds bettt ssew sods baa, bnotat oot 2 I. MARINE GEOPHYSICS Seismology Reflection measurements were made at all three stations using portable exploration seismographs and geophone pick-ups on the ice. This method produced excellent measurements of the ocean depth and dip. The energy source for these measurements was usually } pound of dynamite exploded at a depth of ten feet or near the base of the ice. The primary problem in this field work was deeping the shot hole free of broken ice. The ten foot depth was found te be helpful. Shallower shots broke out the hole and deeper shots produced bubble pulses with undesirably long interval. A light bulb with quilts over it was usually sufficient at the top of the ice hole to keep it unfrozen when not in use. Thaw wires down the hole were also partially successful. be The reflection records produced information on sub-bottom as well as bottom reflecting horizons. These sub-bottom reflections are characterized as a low frequency arrival after the bottom reflection. Im order to study the relative amplitude of these arrivals it was found desirable to use linear amplification and no automatic gain control. For deep water work it was also desirable to use no filters so that no events were missed. In shallow water it is sometimes necessary to use filters to eliminate the surface waves and water noise from the shot. The seismic reflection medsurements produce valuable information on depth and dip but the profile is not continuous. A precision depth recorder was used at Station Charlie to provide continuous depth sounding. This proved a successful method for use on ice floes and the records do not suffer from the irregularities due to ship motion which occur on records taken from research vessels. The drifting ice station cannot produce the amount of bathymetric data that a submarine cruising beneath the ice can. But the data is probably more precise as to position and depth. gaber eroksnse eette Lin +6 oben vo automo twee nena ? abt? soot edt no equ xoig onodigcoy bak arigeryomator noztwralgte ont sath hag diysb a900 att? ‘to atatmorwassn SasCleoxs boobs b bobelgee edinsmyh Yo haves f Umar eow etnonomecin osedt wh arHOs % it mefdog xgaiten ef? oot ai? ‘to vend oil) “aon To dest od Yio Agena te “ged eft soot nesont to 0071 afer tote od nakgesd ‘bow chow "Bit E olor ett do oxen! atoria towolled® , fy'tgfor ad oF bndo!) one he A ,févietat gaol Ydartestan div coafod siddud hetiihont ators ‘ogoab sol ont to Cs aiel edt te teolott we yifevens esw oi tovo atfigp dsbw dtu stew ofori ‘ods mwob aotiw wed? seu sk tom more sesovins di dopt od a A a PY te + ivtessoows vitatasd @ Sie ae motied-sive te notfsmioiil beovhory abtove sobtoa fier ot basire}oeretto os anoitoslien motted axonal ye duems | de heteredo sev figerctelse terdltesnterda Lenbssey boli iol & a brooes 02 oF OF atte ak atidom avaw sol ‘to botongaond alt «sifted nottad fi A 36 dasid naw betooteb wet tiotcw. eolawprisriae fai ef | stats Saw |anet nokee ~fer109 neta on swords: thd oer bayoryion! edt joaer qatar § edie drioh= sah best need oved eseyfans mectooda cowl: -.eiweasty bre abniw fans Adie ’ «aioe eft To esos to Oceanography All the oceanographic work was performed with the aid of an American Hoist Co. winch, powered by a Wisconsin four-cylinder gasoline motor. The system was bulky but it possessed the required power for the heavier equipment, such as piston corer and bottom camera. The cable from the winch was passed over a meter wheel supported by a tripod and then down through the hydrographic hole. An external counter was provided so that the wire length was easily read by the winch operator. A dynamometer was used to permit a sensitive determination of the ocean bottom. This was constructed by supporting the meter block from one end of a lever which was held down at the other end by a heavy-duty spring scale. The winch, tripod and hydrographic hole were enclosed during the winter months. During summer, operations could be done outside. The most pressing problem in the winter was the maintenance of an ice-free hole. This was done at first with a system of covers and heaters. Later the heating of the hydrographic shelter proved to be a better solution. Bottom cores up to seven feet in length were taken with an Ewing piston corer. The cores from Station Alpha have been examined and have revealed a somewhst persistent layering in this area. A dark foraminiferal layer overlies a lighter, sandy, barren section. This is. described more fully in the other publications. The cores from Station Charlie have not yet been examined in detail. The implications of this layering for ice age theory are not fully appreciated, but any theory must explain these new facts. The first dredges at Alpha revealed the presence of gravel on the deep-sea floor. This gravel was apparently rafted out on ice floes and dropped to fall to its present location. Subsequent studies on Charlie and oy cod ‘toi00q 1 bosieooe ort booaseadg cs por pa ate putt “sldao ont weitisie®. fogdtod: teres n100 foseta ae Abe! Pit ng) RED bran Bogiat w Badtogere Food wate 8 “teve Seong Baw a tate Saw ts fattvotxs a «ofan Fehtaninortiat ott — at . weet saline nadciw ods setae beeoLous etaw sLoit atdgergbnivat bre | | a sido dnksustd Seve ott sab buauls anob od blood pir tt astacgo e edt ~ eno hew: efi - olor astiq-eol oa io eonsistiian ey sew "eh | a eddy to uniter oft aia A etetsarl big ld Yo nodes a é i laa ra ae ee noises sited ¢ od of Sevag . pha oe Ne ‘ported ail - itanot at ‘deel soves ot oy gran nodrea evs bes beaimsics nesd, oven ada Motsase ‘men't eoroo edt S hachais note] “ _ Ketehinteionct rita Ao sats ett? ak ‘gattoysl dnedureted barivonce & befas fie “arom hediwnedh E Orth at ctooe dornas eWinae (to Saget Fo aT 72 Esai over “et Psarld NOfIs#R mort 2909 eit, enottsoifdag wodso ot me aes: ook 7 euontinon 4 ovie of been caw tote civsay wiuthtooey aineiad ah ebfott siteng | etey ebieoef «ainatogmoo A bas S ,7 edt to outa evissies silt to bac eaimteseb ot sae aSy TeFonotorcoo SLeratt A .teqaq oisiqurnged orto 10 3 4o Yieme A ,elortate! te atosnogeoo fi baa C edt bo soulay ston eid ot xithneqga etd at bebilont ct asiglA co ninomomenan B bas @ oxedt DEIOTA add ‘to Gun. Stieanaa edt a0% seorednt emov ved eavlav geod? .d1o «tevewod rbodustekh ou Ylfatenen ef blalt od? .cobtagiver ro) heay ed a | sehan ad Tece aotooet auouniktaoo std) Golies? gaistixl mo wen ea tefomosengan somsnoEet , elthough it seems hiehly likely that this is the case. A tripartits array of gravimeters or lone=-neriod selismozraphs would settle this question and allow determination of phase velocities and directional spectra if they are, indeed, traveling waves. TE. STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AN™ CHARACTERISTICS OF SHA ICE Seismic methods were used to investigate surface waves of various ple Aol an mes ge nal oie ae } © se abana 30 ‘iteveris ony nent rodamteory bdete wit So colored ehh 20 doom gaat grigha noktere notion eat “tlio ib heworte sumhast iivery na otters seven sold » | aiid Sontage wiv oF 001 ody seueo at Joann mao son 9o0% 0 3 vettustaa sesitons Seven, aotT «sham otew euatiset wan okt orkqeed +9 Yivetg iadatbacha ti aac a nee oben wow stnboa Wives eon! = : } ebab ed? cfesvoona funk BS sind oubsne ony pac’ atectnakos notes ileal mt bsbutont via esottavisade- saad ‘to atfueeh .tednkw odd nit ndeiineioe Be the appencix. Wind data were collected from the U. S. Weather Bureau at the stations and forwarded to Mrs. Cotell. Drift of the ice was also studied by measuring currents beneath the ice, Gurley current meters (bucket-wheel type) were used and proved only partially satisfactory. Their calibration depends on the condition of the bearing and the commutator box must be fille? with oil or glycerine to prevent shortins by salt water. At Station Alpha currents were read at various depths in an attemot to find the velocity cradient beneath the ice and the "roughness factor" of the ice. A biplane drag meter was also read at various depths to describe the Ekman circle pattern beneath the ice. During the summer of 1958 at Alpha, two Gurley meters were read simultaneously at different depths and then interchanged to eliminate instrument calibration differences. A biplane drag meter was maintained at a large depth. Currents were read twice daily during this period in an intensive effort to delineate current patterns beneath a wind driven ice floe. A Roberts radio current meter was to be used for the continuous recording of current, but proved too insensitive for the small magnitudes of current involved. Only at one instance tas the drift rapid enoveh to permit its use at Alpha. A meter designed by Dr. Thorndike to measure bottom currents was also given trial at both Aloha an? Charlie; difficulties of operation prevented successful measurements at either station. In addition measurements of absolute velocity of the floe over the ocean bottom were made with two different techniques. At Station Charlie, the PDR provided opportunity to make drift measurements by calculations from the "highlights" recorded on the fathocrains. This method involves a simple calculation using the hyperbolic reflection from a "highlight." The method was first developed at Lamont to measure the absolute speed of a ship over the bottom. The second method involves dropping a charge on the bottom iy nee” mua | wld ves os obit , ent ‘deans ‘estan “fi itv eaem yd ratte dey ete naw ead pie ino Bevortg ‘es Sivan e*ton toqut tosshiusedoud) etetom inert t "ed ‘to HOPEhACS AS Ac BhoaTal diohtendi Loo item: agit roatnbins | - snovorg ot snbseoyts mo Ito itt be “ofiIY ad dase xo! Hod ease ‘ety bi _ Bossy te boot eter acnecure stale mesiete A yada Hist ets m orld Ais wet ed diwaned drotheny ytboolev edd) hott of sqnatda fe ak | de het onfa dow tesom savh anelgid A yoot ads "be gods: sect gat soot end atasced erst! a4 eforte nati esis sitotat ot didsaph 9 ts elewoorea tute fine: oro dtotem volmdt ows atoll. te B8eL) 0 cone rotvenitins ‘room otasinlio of besnadotetad colt bie” aldaot tne diabolus ertdysts syaat 8 be boutetniai saw tedan! get onal A \.eaone ationitteh ot —— agian’ dint ms me heketacy | ald? gnrw '¢ feb entwe nse dao’ other avteded A e60lk sot nevith pattie & Asano ameodtng 3 bevote arch ,iternro te emtitose svouritining “ents tot bean. of ot oa" eno te ekas showers? fretties Yo sobyd Lrgsti Nai ent 40% enerteouan «stalk de oer ade diavay of Arron Shean Pit oft gav Sore eow adore motice ottasen of eilthare?’ ox) yi sbenghast tatem 4 a hodneverd aoktereqo 26 not ttuoltiEh Witrard \na ‘ard fA dod to Dates any . sitorsate “tn fie te ednenetesgam. tuigesooia sve ‘eof t acts 16 wisetey atuloeds Lo , Reaneeeinenae nokétbba nt cabrio tioks ate 3A sosbpinitost drama laih eat dd iw aban ontew mogtod nssoo of work enattetpoleo a adeisia eraser find wich -ot yhiowProage hebhrorg wey éfqnte 8 wovfounl portent enn deuaidttat odd 00 habtoset Wot Eye a boridion oft "eddy! Lite, wel a mbt soltoat tes offod’ soqud amt jaLles nord elao hss e sp¥9 | oid as % beside stu foeds ‘edly orutexsin of domed Jan hiuiimehinist dank’ as i secstihadl orld no sy-terio ‘g gniaqoib eevLovat boride bnooss oft wsio8 rod ot ats beneath the seismosrapn array in shallow water and thencétonating it after a known time and measuring the arrival time at the various geophones. The first: method required & PDR and a rough bottom with many "highlights", the second requires a seismograph system and shallow water. Measurements of tilt and strain in sea ice were attempted at Station Alpha but the results were generally unsatisfactory. The first instrument was a sensitive bubble-level ease to measure tilt of the ice. Two bubble- levels with a long radius of curvature were mounted perpendicular to each other on an aluminum plate. The plate was triangular with micrometer screws at the acute angles to regulate the elevation of the corners. The three instrument legs were placed on wooden posts which had been frozen to a depth of about two feet in the ice. The procedure was to relevel the instrument twice daily with the micrometer screws anc take the reading from them. The readings appeared quite erratic and there has been doubt as to whether the readings actually represent ice tilt. It was felt that factors such as thermal warpine of the plate, recrystallization around the supports and imperfections in the screws may have produced effects as large as those of ice tilt. Another instrument was developed at Alpha to measure ice strain. This instrument was constructed by freezins two large iron pipes to a depth of several feet in the ice with about 30 feet of separation. An invar wire was attached to one post and led over a precision pulley on the other. A weight was attached to this end and the weight rested against a dial gage peuesuive to about 1074 inches. The dial gage was read twice daily. Here too, doubt was felt about the meaning of the experiment. Apparently the invar wire chosen was of too small diameter and a slow plastic deformation took place. In the future, it would be wise to use wire with as large a diameter as will freely run over the pulley. Three strain meters ina sath apg aed tiv nostied ais bl sat i ake as cs" ¥ asks : ated ow wotate toa moteye sgomonstee Ce. “ poztste Ey satgnecte otew eo! soe wit alkanes baa ¥ td 40. . ee Seseasuras eck sont ee ote rostaldaany viteroney ottew ‘aetendete ae: ‘awd “nodded one S894 oft to +f2t ovoueat ot ‘enna tovateiteitid ovtstenea dose. of saluatines 60 bediiom cow arta ‘ko exkbat vit cy ‘tts | “gwomse ‘setanertotn PlaLor telugnabad ial _etalg sit wotdle riety ie ne | eoudt ait. stead tit to pitibeke ant. ie itoae GF eolqine® atuoR | tee 8 af ee aged Bas rio Sete ereoq Aehoow 10 bo: sata stan anal de 5 " ponies ti pit fevaler od caw suiibeson ‘et? ‘@@ok eft mi teat one | ody suo pork gatbaot sad sist 600 ewerinn ‘Todemertoin’ orld agin elke wilt nor serty ot 28 .ddnch: tee san sweaty ote ‘obtette oti ip bortsaaae ay : ‘es Hove prodos’t se oe Hot oun 1 ob LES aot qnesociaa wit mando zt 7 a shsoames, edt havorg iightas. LES BY"sONT. cot oily” LG ptutow tu . soot es ental as essai beowl ort aved ‘Yse verte ‘end ab sink toot athense oo ewegsa of anita és bea: feve eb Ea soomnritent iebclbor dfi¢e cab dae 8 os ane owl sitet ean Sn) igen Bi batounsenoy Pew “toomuretact | oute neva AA who itarages to doot oF dued 8 eh tae aor eitd! a fost pineal A stotlto, as ne yoligea notetseiry » ‘tevo balk ail te0q er ot beuioadte é 8323 fat, & Jenteage hodeox seigkew end bre baw eknd oF: boronts asw Ste oral »vfieb golws bits’ ‘aay e9S3 dash ort » chiforet bog Jsiods ot ovis | ‘esi Wtneeqqé odours aris to aainesn ort seode $fo% Baw dub ao / notdeertoiab ottsaig wole ‘s sea nsdaimads £Teanes OOF, toaew fiezorto ork saa a ogtat a citiw enkor ety OF 9 edie a Btn af sound ems rt | sonal toot & ae aie siiese woe atin edt sero ins elon, Stew es vosonath a, sate rosette array would serve to determine the strain field in the ice g with knowledge of the elastic parameters this could be translated to the stress field e Implications for future research The use of stations on drifting pack ice as bases for geophysical and oceanographic studies of the Arctic Ocean proved hishly successful. The work done under this contract included the first U. S. geophysical studies from pack ice stations and showed that the stations set up by the U. S. Air Force were suitable for detailed precise studies of the Arctic Ocean environment. Instruments of considerable size and complexity were used for the first time in the Arctic Ocean, included among these new instruments were a precision depth recorder, a nuclear resonance magnetometer, an all-sky camera, a submarine bottom camera, an Askania magnetic variometer, a - 3 microbarovariograph and a long-period seismograph. All these instruments functioned and added greatly to our knowledge of the Arctic Ocean environment - crust, sea, ice and atmosphere. Future research should emphasize continued areal geophysical coverage of the Arctic Ocean. The ice station is probably the best platform for deep sub-bottom reflection soundings. Many questions about the extent of the deep reflector observed by Crary and from Alpha are still unanswered. The change along the strike of the Alpha Rise in record characteristics, from the single deep reflector on the east to multiple reflectors in the east to multiple reflectors in the west is unexplained. Probably fathograms made from Atomic submarines will furnish more rapid surveillance of bottom topography but the fathograms from ice stations furnish a study in detail of a particular area. Furthermore, the fathogram furnishes a unique method for the determination of the velocity of the floe over the bottom. Still a ‘4 iii ei ie on Cat rte a ot rte hve wis wxetenaag | A ob | Or tape Oe pale | & 2 ie f/au) Mi ; i : lw, pt - t ¥i . ri a ‘ aly raya i) Rhy AN Ag A at Catessoove ghiteta boworty nBea0 olson ott Yo cotbuds ue iv a ete : “pekbuta fasteviqoos oJ sant and tetciocs toarsidon and’ eben ot i 98 at only y qu tea snolsete erie tedt bewoils fas enottete eel tong we ‘aneo otdous edd to veltbute senda noLketeb wi ‘ehdative oor 96 ~t beast eIor Wixelgrro ea este efvemshbaacs to 2 macurad eat pon : ‘eter agmony rent won azar gceme bet Locit ined ottorA acts nt eat sand i Wels Ma ,Totemosonzen sonancee: isofoya ¢ obt008't Ktgeb aotetor na ppaarleaal o£ tongem siraxesA as _oremiao mostod earrandoe 8 se | adnsauttest weeits tA egarsem: 22 boliegeynod & brs tiqartgor svO" maao0 site th act To ita Tine rot suo of Ustasrg behhs bas tence estorigaonta has got .Age ytats + _ Feoteydiqoer Leer baytitnoo asteactome blwode doresney ee motte saad orit Uda ong at noktes 4 ent oT steend ottorA ext Yo o oO _Anatee orld tuods aie nettaeng rsh sunnt bars soliton Nes mottodwdie qeob 20% “sbertowensan £ fits ove e wilath ort bos yuan vd bewre: de rotoeltet qaeb ot soltetwtortats Groner it SalA erg ‘orl? to sullate ant anole svaadto. oats al etodoslies ofate ton of tesa eld no sodooT ter, qoeb afgriie ons § anergorits? edadovt shot abexac at teow edd mt atodoaltet eiatd fun Pr iy pe: head ; ; wiittod ‘to sonalti oviwe baer Ee} teieroy ifiw senttandgse olmods mont « Iiaded suk ysose & deiwar anolseta got most snerigotit ad els gud vaargones: | We “boston suptae 2 eodiaznnt merxgott ent eatontrsiidraril 89's naluotsag s to fLLrse mod tod adi 1aV0 sof? alt Yo uttoofley ads * nebtedtoiadeb ‘ott wt Se better methods of measuring velocity are needed, however. It may be possible to drop sonic bouys onto the bottom and use them for ranging. The gravity and magnetic fields deserve more investigation in this region. Gravity must be well known in this region to describe the crustal features. Magnetic studies should continue to be directed both toward geological anomalies and toward rapid field variations. New techniques should be used to find the ways in which the Arctic Ocean resembles or differs from the other oceans of the world. One measurement deserving immediate consideration is the vertical heat flow from the Arctic Ocean floor. A "thermograd" instrument has been developed at Lamont for this purpose and has been used successfully in other oceans. The circulation of sea water may be studied by radiocarbon dating of the various water masses. This has not yet been done systematically. Circulation in the Arctic Ocean and its exchange with Atlantic waters is undoubtedly extremely important for world climate and deserves concentrated studye Wave motion in the Arctic Ocean is of much longer period than that found in open seas. This wave motion has received some theoretical treatment but further experiment is needed. Tripartite arrays of long- period seismometer could be used to find the directional spectrum of these waves. Such seismometers might also detect minor earthquakes in the Arctic. The submarine geology of this ocean is only beginning to be known. The depth of the crust has not yet been measured and should be one of the first objectives for future work. The depth to the Mohorovicic discontinuity has special interest since it is claimed by some USSR geologists that the Arctic Ocean is a portion of sunken continent. If so we might expect a thicker crust than is normal for ocean basins of this size. Preliminary refraction seismic work at Alpha indicated that the Arctic Ocean may not differ greatly in crustal structure from other oceans. e' : i itis ait | satya 8 med weir dite wodtod aitn0 cont ah to ot bana is a obs ayitunmt sive evened sbfert agora bons whtvay eft im vey , | | rid edto8ob oo cokzet ebit ad ronal fo wd Seige wives ane i ly) os val batomith od ot sunt tnos bleody bettute obtongem svonteet f wn . nm } somobtaltay bielt biqar brawod boue eotiavons: Feotsotong B — | phon ade Hetdy nt eysw of? Batt of tian ed Divers aaupladset welt on wbfrev oft to ongpootedto eft most. ew ttib to soldnoent « wort Seer [axlsirev of} at npttwetebianon Sielhenm: pivieeel. severest | boqotevet need antl Snonuatait “barmomtede” f prot 9600 otintaA odd # ont - s8ae90 ‘odito ot vLlfutaeooowe bea meod ent baa ovoqig ald? 10% drommd 4 Hodtencthet yd hotbute ed yan relsw wae Yo nokseluonto ott is, eUlisoktemetere ecch nood tpy Jom mad aiT .2scnen tedew evoliay add to okt mae ; : : 1s et armdaw oltnalta détw egiasoxa afi San ses0t oitond afd ak ool telyous Hotetinaoncs esvtessh fas eheakio bitor 101 sustroqnt ylomettxo ylberduc nad? botssq ebook down Wo, ek -1ta200 oftoth odd at nobten ovat | fanttorooat eOR bevieowt ear nokios .oFew ana? Base Mago at boot tai _egnot to events ‘editragiet eboteod at dnenid-raqxe ‘sodtuil sud Decont enact 40 mratoede Cancitootts ett he t od beau od Sivoo totemomotes be sokiors otft mt secaupdore corim toodebh osle dttgim etetomematoe. ove fo wo ot waniyed yao at niseoo elit to yaoloey saivamiue oT od bivoria has bowesem need sey Jor sed smrro ott To: Sieh sit tt 1 \ gihetwo-rortelt ods ot dtaeb sat sOQP BT Qe Ore . 1.02 "FR. r e22f0.0 -- $Og-Orer- t£,f2 8 " Lee HEP oF 1eE Psat ile “28 ‘yan £ Seullo.0. it it | i MEP BQ Sr Oger T,€4 ES " WitL0.0 i ie {1 " | LE Ee rol “rer” 10,02 ES ors’, : YOCrLo,0 a tt 4 “a ie? “Gr? re 102 vt t3,0u O18 " | «ee rer. ne Sgt 1¢,€8 6 ylub — @hir.0 " tt : rae’rar 19S. Pour reer We n Peill0.0 " " t= Loe Arr 100 “Ber tro FRB if » SSlrlo.0 % tt ; " = sf oor te> Ber to,f0 “28 Soupwd 8ecrD.0 me ti it terorr tog Paer tee 98 i ; £dCf6,0 w : " uv OUO,9 ‘0Ressr Chver 1 28 "! : " u " | roe ecr wre Osler 18,1 SG st EL1f0.0 a " ” tt Woe hls Scer eB i €0Lf0,0 u i i" | ragPedr tod “Ors 18.46 O28 " ile to.0 7 " " " TOO°LFL Pest ‘ar 26 " 8200,0 > \ ae " —— t ; - '8e%Bos: rat PBs 12,88 28 ‘sedinasqes & Of0f0,0 igre Orge. (Eri 2g tf oe rds Pros =) " ‘ ageeoar ide For: 1Fayle PRS ° 20L50,0 “ P . taoerr Scr toe Sag - " 00,{S0.0 " i" ” tao°%ops ree Ege 182 [R68 i S2eL0,0 aw " it le 20 30 he =] Bo aioe ee : APPENDIXES Navigation Data - Station Charlie - 26 October 1959 to 6 January 1960. Locations of Drifting Station Alpha from 8 June 1957 to 3 November 1958. Results of depth soundings taken at Drifting Station Bravo (T=3) in the Arctic Ocean =< 26 March 1960 to 1) May 1960. Results of depth soundings taken from Drifting Station A in the Arctic Ocean during the IGY, 1957-1958. RESULTS OF DEPTH SOUNDINGS TAKEN FROM DRIFTING STATION A IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN DURING THE INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR, 1957-1958. (All soundings were made with sonic reflections from an explosive source, except where otherwise noted. Sounding positions are interpolated between astronomic fixes and accuracy varies probably from one to five tenths of a nautical mile in most cases. Depths have been corrected using Matthews "Tables of the velocity of sound in pure "water and sea water," London, 1939.) . A‘ shia eae MR oon 0 ote a WASOO OTTO SAT ME A MOLTATS OMETAAT ce | LADLE SAWCT TAMAEINTE aht oe . PRR TRE ancl ort snotjoof ies, “one didtw aban oxew vashiaaee ita), 2 o8 sbeton ontwuierite stodw jqeoxe ,eoivoe, evig te . bam eextt olmonoutes nesuded bodeloqiesnk ats. pe re foe 8 te added eit of ane wowt yldador. asbiev YosmagR: hetoetroo need eval oiqed .ueaco teom nt olin Laokdivant emg mi bayoa ke yitsoleay Pr to aofdal® aweddtet gates ae {eRERI ettobrad Sate: aoe fas 198 , Nes : POSITION IN DEGREES AND MINUTES TATITUDE LONGITUDE 81-07 160-21 82—12 2 164-3) 82-31 o3 16-58 82-5246 165-29 8300.2 165-6 83-O1e1 165-55 83-00 ..)4 166-1) 82-58.0 166-25 82=5))..3 166~33 82-50. 166-5 82-18 Ae) 166-51 82-hhel 166-h 82-1:6.8 166-38 82-1827 166-9 82=51.6 167-0 82-539 167-16 82=5)..5 167-21 82-53.8 167-36 82-51.8 167-6 82-5229 167-22 82=5h.5 167-16 82-5661 167-10 82-58.8 (167-09 83-03 «2 167-16 83-05 .2 167-15 83-06.0 167-1) 83-09.7 167-21 83=1),.2 167-3 83=1h..5 167-20 83-12 63 167-00 83=1h.6 166-3) 83-18.0 166=20 83-2325 166-13 83-31.0 166-13 83-3327 166-21 83-36.0 166-2), 83-3769 166-26 83=39.2 166-23 83-8 166-33 83-967 166-50 83-53 20 167-17 83-55.6 168-27 83-5303 168-50 83-5169 168-6 DEPTH IN METERS 3320 DIP IN DEGREES (wire sounding) 0.0 302 @®eee Fenwo OORPRFONKFOFROHPWW e e@eeeeseee#s#s ee @ WOnNWonrIwAWTWDOnRFPOMOOWsA e°e cd FHMUEWOODDDDOrFOOOCOOHN VHWMO AIH e *e Q 7s - ¢ se ooconvYVodnnOwr 2 *® mec ro 73s Oo OPO Om-s-3 . POS IT ION LATITUDE 83-500) 83-5067 83-52 oD 83-5.0 83-56.) 83-5769 83-5969 8h-01.3 803.0 B8h-0h 69 8);-06 22 84-13 60 LONGITUDE 168-2), 167-58 167-1 167-31 167-08 166-55 166-37 166-2); 166-10 166-12 166-17 166~33 166-))8 166-59 167-0 167-19 167~33 167-18 167-58 168-11 168-23 168-33 168-))1 168=50 169-02 169-09 169-15 169=26 169-hh, 169=25 169-17 169=29 169=59 170-03 170-3); 171-17 171-38 171+29 171+20 171-09 170-50 170-57 171-11 171-27 L7leh1 171-03 170-5 170-18 ©) tH 6 se FARAH NO ee @ a e©e ef e OW UL\O 1 ~J O DOOODOOHPND OUUWNRPOOLFWHE OH @ @ =) 2 ~J SOV wie oS rrwrrnas BeSEyeSRegnenaaseRaenaRgEaeeaes POS IT ION LATITUDE Bh=l5 22 84-78 8-56.20 8-593 85-005 85-01.8 85=21.1 85-22 .2 85=2h.1 85-28.0 85-30 0 85=-29.5 85-29.0 405-280), “85-28 ol 85=27 oh 85=26.2 85-2), 05 85-2363 85-232 85-230 85-2); 20 85=2),.9 85=25 «7 85-2641 85=27 02 85=27e7 85~-28.7 85-30.0 85=-31.0 85=31.6 85-3120 85=31.0 85=29.9 85-2867 85-25 6 85-2269 85=21 a3) 85=-16.9 85-11 85-10.) 85-09 =) 85-07 66 85-07.5 85=05 «7 85=0)) «7 85-03. * 85-28.3 LONGITUDE 170-03 169-50 169-00 168=39 168=37 168-6 167-7 167-32 167-2) 167-56 167-7 167-5), 168-01 168-09 168-08 168-33 169-15 169=21 169=10 169-08 169~00 168-58 169-08 169-28 169-2 169-58 170=06 170-22 170-2 170-58 171-02 171-9 171-50 171-57 172-07 172-30 172=)1 172-6 172=37 172—32 172-26 172=2) 172-21 172-211 172-18 172=16 172=1), 168-08 1820 1519 1432 1436 1450 272 be FOO Ns ah NOS ON Ot DONO TSE COONS S) rd ee ee ULUIL SJ NSO Ov WMowownrePrroro eeeee8e8ee@e® ® ~ OWEN NM LH sees @e#8#e@¢e%® &® e e@ © @e@#ee@ DUAAT OVUM WOUND OA DODNUOLTRHAHOOLT RAH AWHOOWOOFRPOFUMUILN OW 2 eo e@e#ee@hlmetmUchOmmCMGhC FPMCUhHhMU WHhUhKO 71 “sO nrierm wernsiw oO * ° * & a7 Ge = * * ae oe Oe | " BOn8ar - POSITION LATITUDE 85-02 8 85=02 ol 85~02 3 85-01.5 Bh =59 9 85-009 Bh=58 28 Bh=-59 23 85-00.1 8-59 9 85-0025 85-0029 85-01 6 85-02 3 85-02 .0 Bh =5h 08 84-5), 8 8h=-9 20 8-7 3 8-38 AA@) 84-3 20 Bh-3062 8h=3065 8-32.65 8h)=-36 07 Bhi-lh2.8 BhahS elt By =-55 08 BU =58 07 85-0) 2 85-05 6 85-05 9 85-05.6 85-0 .8 85~02 9 85-02 9 85-01.1 85-00 67 85-00.0 8-59 03 8-58 20 Bh =-3 3 Bh-l2 elt LONGITUDE 172=13 172=1) 172=18 172-5 173-31 173-05 173-59 175-20 175-18 175-6 175=52 176-12 176-17 176-09 175-58 176-09 176-05 176-20 176-21 176-11 176-0, 17-53 17-57 17-03 17-30 175-12 175=14 175-19 175=15 17h=0 172-16 173-39 171-25 171-hh 170-18 171-00 170-16 170-06 169-52 169-38 169-05 168-39 168-07 168-01 168-28 168-),2 169-32 169-31 2.0 ° a e @ DN ANA AAWOWNE OF OO OPEB EPP RPE HPHO DOOR AP BPH EWA PENH ODPNOONNUNEEH ® e e@ @e@¢ eo ®& ONINVHINMMNME EO OW ONONNMWONWENDC = @ e@ @eeee8e¢e0eeee°0 OSehAL Side Ad £ SERSL LE~e8L POSITION LATITUDE LONGITUDE 8-38 63 169-1 8) =36 8 170-0) 8-352 170=33 84-3), 00 170=56 B= 3h 03 170-5 bh=3h. 3 170-52 BZ) 9 170-7 8-356 170-39 8-3) 7 179-39 84-3): 0 170-16 Bl=-29 02 169=57 8-27 22 169=50 8-25 9 169=37 8h-25 00 169-31 Bh4=-23 ol 169=23 84-2009 169~10 8-17 65 168~53 8-16 20 168 =)5 Bh-15 el 168-33 Bh-1) 01 168-18 Bh-1 63 168-08 B= 9 167-7 Bh=-15.6 167-37 8-17 3 167-2) 8h=-17 9 167 =-10 8-19 e3 166-36 Bh-19 6 16630 8) -20 a3 166=11 Bly-21 «6 166-1); 8-2) 8 166-09 Bh-2h el 165-52 Bh=-2)1 6 166-02 Bl-17 «1 165-30 Blj-22 .2 165415 8-10.67 165-22 8h-1h 67 165-27 Ch-06..9 165-21 8),-01.0 165-21 83-575 165-26 83-5561 165-25 83-51.8 165-28 83-50 02 165-30 83-7 7 165=3)) 83-7 07 165-0 83-7 8 165-hé 83-665 165-52 83=) 6 165-58 83-12 6 166-12 DEPTH 2015 2929 1953 190), 1918 1996 1910 1915 1913 1903 1905 1907 1929 1957 1959 2078 2320 2392 211 2,29 21,08 as\ohe] 2hiae 217 2397 2351 233 2313 2299 2283 2258 227h 2330 2226 2271 231 201 1726 20h5 2653 2929 29h7 2997 300), 2993 3017 300 3063 ie ite) e eee ec ee © © we ew ew lel lel kl lt ® fl VE OE NOADOANREOVORAMANW ONAN ESATA NON OOP ANEErWdoODNONOAUAOAAA ee é is NMNNUORPLTOONrPODOOFODODOOCOOOHFNOHRFPOORPHERPRFPOFROOOH O18, e ODOOOfFORNN® es mtr.20kO Says. co 4oore oe s. ¢ 7 2 8 6 » CO 0S 90h YH OHKHUSSHE ID *-* Sd POSITION LATITUDE ~+~LONGITUDE 832 ol 166-1); 83-15 166413 83-04 166-01 83-0.1 165-37 83-065 165=28 83-hleb 165-09 83-123 161-0 83-h1 ly 165-00 83-))1.2 16),-30 83-h1.0 16-12 83-0.9 16-06 83-027 163=58 83-001 16-00 83=38 06 16-03 83-37 3 16-3), 83-38 07 16-18 83-6 20 16-39 83-7 el 16h-h1 83-7 «3 16-3 83-17 08 16-56 83-9 01 165-03 83-8 29 165-06 83-h7 6) 165-06 83-1509 16h-hh 83-39 6 163-8 83-3661 163-29 83-3h.3 163-19 83-3167 163-03 83-31.8 162-53 83-33 1 162-37 83-3365 162-23 83-3), Fie) 162-1) 83-3520 161-59 83-35 Pe) 161-51 83=37 e7 161-45 83-38 6 161-0 83-38 .6 161=35 83-37 9 161-0 83-37 7 161=38 83-38 .0 161-3) 83-37 20 161=)6 83=-36.8 161-5 83-3765 161-39 83-38 9 161-29 83-39 07 161-23 83-hlel 161-01 83=hh 1 160-0 DOP EPWNNMODOOHPHENNHEPNWHHPHOOHHOHOWOHOHNOFOFHO e ty . e NAIBWDIOORDIIAHOREMYAINOUE op e oe e e e s to We tno O40 8 DM WO Kw Ow os ile LAL Sea tag i, OSa RAE - CS LG rer ae OdOSt. - Uh) POSITION LATITUDE LONGITUDE 83-)1 8 160-25 83-2 1 160-25 83-365 159-25 83-27 02 158-55 83-15 22 159-01 83~15.8 159-13 83~13.3 159-10 83-1269 158-52 83-1).9 158-19 83=21.0 157-12 83=27 ol 156-0 83-29 8 156-8 83-3029 156=51 83-30.) 157-00 83-28 8 157-05 83-27 20 157-36 83~2): Ae) 158 -07 83-22 67 158-30 83~2).0 158-23 63-2) .7 158-20 83=25 61 158 =30 83=2661 158-12 83-26.0 157=52 83-2507 157-2) 83-26 6h 156-19 83=26.5 156-31 83~27 «7 156-22 83-295 156-25 83~32 2 156-2 83-3965 157-22 83-13 2 157-hh 83-2 Ae) 157-0 83-13 9 157=32 8345.6 157-29 83-507 157-16 83=))) 8 156-5) 83-7 155-52 83=5 07 155-27 83-15 62 155~26 83-hh 3 155-20 83-3 7 155-0h 83-hh 5 155-03 83-1152 155-05 83-4565 155-02 83-5 ol 15-59 83-63 155-07 836 el 155-15 83-4506 155-10 DiusPTH 251 287 2730 2913 3979 2920 ANS) 312), 32h7 3228 2973 2875 2861 2862 2906 3009 3096 3156 3156 31h3 3096 30h7 3067 3169 30h 3016 2981 2916 2bh9 2658 2203 2295 213 2130 2051 2112 2307 230) 2271 2203 2198 2195 2199 2186 2186 2188 2186 2186 iD el J 9 es c « e e oe e e 2 eo e Ld e es e er et e Pe ee eer ee ee ee ee rr er er er er ner rr er er ar DOW DOOMPEHPRPOODDOWPROOPHP EPP ENP EP YEP YP ONWHWONHPHEE EMP rwre oO e POSITION imps j= LONGITUDE 83-3 6 155-00 83-2 .5 15-2 83-126 15),-23 83-h1.1 15-1) 83-965 15)-0h 83-37 ol 15-10 83-31.6 15-15 83-29.9 15-16 83-3028 15-29 §3=33 elt 1oh-25 83-3. 4 1oh-13 83-3622 15-97 83-38 23 15)-0h 83-0 Ail iL Sh-15 83-51 153-55 B3-hl.9 153-52 63-1523 15-06 83-5.1 153-56 83-43.1 153-53 83-12 153-55 — 83-38 ..5 153-57 83-36.3 153-h1 83-353 153-37 83-2.2 153-30 83-523 153-37 83-.5.9 153-37 83-51.8 153-37 83-5067 153-34 83-8 27 153-6 83-6 .7 153-h5 83-6.5 153-17 83-7 9 152-53 83-18 10) 152-38 83-8 .1 152-20 83-8 6 152-20 83-18 3 152~29 83-18 20 152-37 83-7 6 152-28 83-9 8 152-29 83-9 .0 152-28 83-54 152-0), 83-4567 151-50 83-7 3 151-6 63-961 151~52 83-507 151-50 83-52 i 151-56 FPA DW Fw ONDE AIWw EONS OFnNWwWwnHPHE NEP NOW PW NnwW Pru eNn Sam 1.5 Oe 6 fe. 6 6: 8). 0-0) 8. 6: OO 8 02 8 8 Oe O00) 8. 6 r e Aye 4 re Pel £8 , gees O. S : = is BT a) fee 020% om tr ee. dS Bee ones | “> td * . a ei i a5, tow YF bps a) - a od 3 BUA WE V2 Ve ET ibe hPL edep et fmfEL fams2e Aeaga ft OG~S2f OS~SEL O9-GeL an Te Ser SLO Sou RBS Be Ge L Eris ROoS2f Ca Ron S21! ass 265 FRas §QeSeL ; = BERS ‘{O~s2r Cie Ge Oe eva Oo * Mf ere ag ASO 19 OP Oo tet OF 23 WO SVs. 43 TD } : ay bal t. a. 4c ye “ Yeo OS HHS ait rats Cie far ees é 68s St 2s Siete t ers B00 A2AS + Stee f ofS Ge” ATS =) Om far WS ae EATS Povey I 8 POSITION LATITUDE 83-5245 83-52 elt 83-525 83=53 22 83-5) 07 83-56 lh 83-5765 83-58 eO 83-57 Xe) 83-58 el} 83-59 83-59 8-00 84-0061 8-08 «5 LONGITUDE 151-55 151-55 151-53 151-55 151-58 152-02 152-02 152-00 151-58 151-55 151-36 151-33 151-35 152-31 152-32 152-35 152-38 152-15 153-1) 153-05 153-28 153-0 153-h1 153-20 153-28 152-50 152-32 151-56 151-17 151-31 151-27 151-3) 151-38 151-36 151-35 151-21 151-15 151-31 151-h3 151-5), 151-28 151-12 151-10 L51-h1 151-59 151-26 151-07 150-3 DEPTH 2710 27hh 27h2 27h1 27h1 2712 2656 2608 2605 2590 2611 2612 253k, DEP tH HPNWRORPNMN NN HE Eww FPwuMnw FPwrnawn eer wn oanr Pw eww e e e e e e e id e ® e Po So NXo ints MAOH OW eee 2 @ @ Om nn7wo NWN Mw wo eo 'Jte «© © © © © @® &@ @ Ww = MW OMmHWE Or Oo ° ® ee e ' NOW EIN OANA OU. DOW NOoOANAAaH EAS ol ee EES , BeeSar ae) '. SOES * OE <88L. i Rok RASS { aH Oe Sek ays Ayes {eB AE ‘Re. 1 BEER 2 Oa EAL Ay? eye ve ar - oe AES Ole Ds. + hed 2835 Waleget ; ys OSeeoL Pere a 8 Ss f See SAe | BeLeL « i 58 op Ene theta t a8 POBYS Ta tes Bs Daas Paes Ce 4 he— fe. F,e fa AL Le Chm Sl cL eS sces ef= lor Be Filss fea ler aa Beas CdALET AVE eoas mets ae ae (AS fide lef fir SAG asarPs Des! rae Si-Rr O.F ines Of~ fof Sei sas Sle fad A? BASS Rom LEE f.0 ( SHAS OefeL “ Gait 249 bh aia § ry Pilts B bein? r POSITION LATITUDE LONGITUDE 8-09 .0 150-37 Bh-09 2 150-22 8),-09 63 150-12 BL=-09 7 1h9-h6 8-10 02 19-35, 8-113 19-28 8h-11.9 19-26 8-15.20 1h9=16 8h.-16 62 19-12 8-17 .0 119-08 84-18 eb 149-01 8h=-19.8 1)),8-58 8),-22.0 18-53 8-22 69 18-6 8-23 ol 1448 -38 8-2) ol 148 =32 8-27 5 1:8 =30 8-29 60 18-09 8-30 8 Lh? -59 8h-32 .0 17-53 84-3301 W7 ly 84-3) .0 1h? -50 8),-33 20 17-58 Bh-3207 W7-h1 bh=-35 0 1h7 ~36 Bh-36 Ais) W:7 -35 8) -38 .0 W7=3) B-38 oh 17-33 8) =38 9 1:7 -37 Bh4-36.5 1:7 -38 Bli=37 02 W7=3h Bh-36e1 117 =38 8-3) 06 7 -9 Bh-35.1 17 -h2 8-36 07 W7-h3 84-37 5 W7-h5 8h-O 1 Uh7=55 8):-hO.8 17-53 84-165 147-8 Bh-b1 oly Wh? -37 Bl=-1 3 1h7-31 Bhi-hLel 1h7-2) Bh -h1.2 1:7-18 Bh-h1L 117-10 Bh -O 9 Wh7-11 Bhi=-39 65 17-16 2h72 2.53 2)129 1882 1827 26115 2556 18h9 1713 1659 Le L171 1759 1783 16,0 167 162 1688 1796 1732 1781 1750 LNs 7S) 1800 1771 1900 1889 18):8 1925 1876 1853 1886 1871 189) 193) 1932 1983 1770 1822 1758 1992 AnSSy/ 1857 1809 1889 1830 1864, a te eee WH a0] bt MWEANE DM M1\nN DW =o PANNA ANEAOAVUOCHrPUN OOCOHNNNEADANWWORDNOH OO se I e es e e@ a oe s s © e e e e s e e e@ . s OANWNMWOWHYAHPUWAUAFoOAUinANOFP Fo OMROWMNODAPODHONNOFoOrunw ar H e e e e e e e 2 10 dd) gees Ovt ; ®) Sr Cet Irs eft a: ages : Na et eats : m4 heh eA8L #80 a tei #OAL - OOF el “Heer BRS 4 REO REE RAT eROT dos » Ovys CS an ecar r z : ef 4 ae 9 ee fr its eh ef aul Se ya Ete ES Vet by ins ets) GOFE Bae tel Sez for Ve! GE 0 POSITION LATITUDE LONGITUDE 84-37 28 16-58 Bh4=36 of W6-h9 8h=3) 8 116-39 8-33 of 16-28 8-32 ef 1),6-16 8-32 0 116-10 8h-31 of 16-05 8-319 15-18 8),-31.0 Wih=-5h 8-31 20 Wh-3h bh-31.62 Lh -06 B32 02 113-32 8-32 el 13 -15 84-3149 12-5) 8-31.28 12-35 8-32.61 12-33 Bh-32 yh 1),2=31 Bh -33 02 12-26 8h.-33 0 142-50 8-31 9 143 -15 Bh =32 7 143-58 84-330 13-26 8),-32 8 113-23 8-32 26 13-hh 8-32 8 13-3h 8)=33.0 1h3-2h 8),-33 6 143-23 8)=3) 0 13-22 8-353 143-20 8-36 .0 143-12 8-37 02 12-29 8h -38 «2 11-53 Bl =39 2 11-19 8-0 3 10-3 Bh -)2 «2 10-19 Bh-bh.2 10-10 Ch -1:6..2 10-05 8h-h7 Ay 10-0); 84-18 3 10-0), Bl -:8 08 110-03 8h-h9 3 139-57 8-9 8 139-52 8-50.) 139-15 Bh=-Slel 139-39 8-518 139-33 Bh=-52 139-27 ROL ONNLEADNW AWW MYOPUE DUN ONMNMWNEHMMYWAAHPNON ED OHFPHFONMUOWF- s |e 4 ia] eeee ee © & © © © 6 8 mM—~J Ww i} e e e e oe e es s DODOHPDOADAWUERN OPE OOLA OA 7ArwW aw Ce et (0). (Oe) 8). (8) O_O. Oe (Oh. (8 6 0) 6 6 6. (6) 5) <8. AOA KWwWOYPOUWOAAANMNEAO 11 ; NEE Z ASmEike PO~ EL | $Se elt OSHE ME ot Bey oe! aa OS SAL a Lt fe f be FOUL ; a-Oulr Of Ole Ohm q Wht » fO=Ode Fare es es PanGee See f Spe REL OEACEL Ceneer Fe SEL POSITION LATITUDE “LONGITUDE B=-53 07 139-15 Bu-5h03 139-08 84-5567 138-56 Bli-57 66 138-37 Bli-59 Ae) 138 =19 -85-00.9 138-01 85-01.2 137-2 85-0163 137-hh 85-017 137-53 85-02 .2 138-05 85-0365 138-36 85-036 138-50 85~-02.8 136 =5), 85-02 oly 138-56 85-02 .0 138-59 85-019 138-6 85-01.9 138-2), 85-02 .0 136-0) &5-01.9 137-32 85-00.2 137-0), 65-00 Ale) 136-52 84-59 63 136-33 Bh-58 oly 136-13 8h -58 ol 135-59 8-59 20 136-00 Bh =-59 07 136-02 85-00 e)) 136-06 85-0122 136-1), 85-03.1 136-32 65-06 23 136-38 85-06 ol 136-11 85-07 «1 136-1) &5-06.0 135-32 85-02 9 135-0 85-02 7 13h-h7 85-01.3 133-58 bh =-59 23 133-37 84-59 6 133-16 85-00 2 132-5 85-02 .1 131-55 &5-03 6 131-13 85-05.0 130-35 85-05 25 130.16 85-0626 129-59 85-08 07 129-50 85-106 129-2 85-15.0 129=15 #85-O1.) 137-52 Ss) HI td is MR AM e es e e e e 2 e e es e e 2 e co OO OOF ON EO e e e s e s @ 2 © e@ «6 @ ee Boe ® ry e eee e@ °» @ @ ° OAN ODE OAW WM VEMOMONALKAKYM AO WNOWMENMNHYP NWFP HW EFNNRPNPENNMONUWNVUE EM AWENDOWEEE NON HPoOoOoOknoboron 12 i Au Mi * Li Tae, We as mG aN eel fl fas] x be uae LOSE sree defer is) POSITION LATITUDE | LONGITUDE DEPTH DIP DIP AZe 8502002 128 -)8 1878 3.6 318 85=23 ol) 128-32 1961 Ome ooh 85-27 e7 128-11 1761 6.5 187 85~38 8 127-26 1388 2el 119 85-520 126-18 1178 B18} 217 85-18 «2 125-29 1128 1.0 311 85-51 ely 12)-39 2200 Bias 126 85-5) 2 123-51 2111 0 ooh 85-9 120~1) 1518 0.6 175 B5=hih oly 120-17 119 - = 85-18 120-36 112) 1.6 206 85-,0.8 120-12 1956 2 205 85-3905 120-31 1930 8.0 912 85-05 119-58 10h7 263 02h B5=)13 ols 119-38 1720 Se 033 85-95 119-25 2228 9) Gal 075 85-5225 120-11 2672 Der 028 85-5567 119-l7 257k Bra 185 85-57 «3 119-31 Png Dad, 266 85-59 1 119-21 2380 6.6 008 86-00.6 119-20 2369 2.0 356 86-02 .0 119-25 2hOh DAS 169 86-03 3 119-50 ah50 BD 0) 205 86-0), 03 120-06 23)18 23 185 86-06 .0 120-35 1875 19.5 18) 86-07 .8 121-0) 1539 - = 86-08 66 121-18 101 6.9 209 86=18 05 121-)) wid) - - 86~25.43 120-50 1580 - - 86-2502 118-06 16hh - - 86-13 .1 11-57 1220 ~ - 86=11.8 11-32 1162 - - 86-09 9 113-56 1152 - - 86-10 3 113-h)) 11hs - = UhbeE EE +: TCCATIONS CW PRITIOG STANTS (LMA “Rr TUE B » 1957 TO VL BER 3, 1958 EVPLAi ATICH: ThE: of fix to nearest hour G iT letter indicating bodies shot to obtain the o3 0. OF LOP'S: followed bv lines of position, thus: | S = SU! = moor vw Me it SUR. AMG le Mie Y coho) ERRCR: is radius of circle inscribed in LOP polvgon in nautical miles, Asterisk indicates radius of circumscribed circle, taken for small angles between LOPts uke i Tee ¥ + : 7 “eet t. zm 7 “ on ree oo ne | op wri pt) 0 ad saemon ot! te a oo yA af t = . 20 im Saoktean nk newton Gol ot be Mtoe storia 1 otha at or . s - bi 4 oY Lane . . ‘ . ‘ “ ; ry v ee ad . * : ri i : y ; , ‘ y LOCATIONS OF DRIFTING SPSTTCN ALPIUA DATE Tih Git 1957 8 June 1100 9 1100 ate: 1190 12 lloo 1h ALCO: 15 2300 ug 2300 17 2300 18 2300 23 2300 26 2300 28 2100 29 1100 30 1100 5 duly 0100 6 0900 7 1290 8 1200 a 0900 13 0900 15 2200 16 1200) 22 1900 2 1200 26 2200 28 2300 29 220% 30 2100 31 2300 1 August 2200 2 2200 h 2'.00 5 2300 jl 0900 S 0).00 10 2200 13 1860 Ly 1600 19 1800 20 2200 22 2100 2h 2,00 25 200 27 2000 28 2200 29 2300 31 2200 3 Sept. 2000 LAST TUDE ORTE eh 39,98 ne ree LOVGETUNE NO. LCPS ERROR TEST ioe 169° f ag 1Oe Gt 160.00! , a8 yor Gil Bel 1526 out 1630 ue 153° Sot Lee et 163° 36! 16))° ae - 36 16> 3h! 16he Set 38 0, 6xmi. Uh ee” 3s 0,1 16h). Bat his a) 165. 28! hs Ot 165° }.31 1s 166° ost es 145° 39! 2s 1658 29t 38 Ol 166° Sot 35 Ol 157° 231 lig O.!t 167° 164 38 0,3 lee aut lis 0.3 eye ye 3s 0.1 ie Lit 3s 0.3 167 Papal AS 0.7 166° 52 2s 1462 181 3s 0.3 146° 271 hs Ok 16. 2QU 3s 0.2 1S7_ 19t 38 One 15 Ss Sut os ney) hot NS 0.2 166° lot 2s 166° Wit 2s 168° 31! 2s NGG Get 2s use 30! lis 0.3 169" 31! 35 0.5 Og 5 2s Ales Oe 2s vic nant lis Ob alps 05! 3s 0.3 ae nyt 3g 0.4 169 32% 2s AZTMUTH OF Ree. LINE 297.6 299.3 299.5 298.8 299.67 302.6 302.3 301.5 29°58 295.42 2S) C10) 288.2 287.6 28,6 26.7 286.5 262,11 Cie ent 281.5 285 oh 285.0 285.5 28952 287 66 285.6 282.3 ATP 265.7 270.0 226.3 287.9 2650 278.6 § i SRO NTOSA HAE ent wom ee aie bit et “9p G03 ag Ot Gg Ooty 440 DSeL | 1 2s Q.78S:. sew. of aa Se ~~ E.Q58 0. . Bt PES ae Brees ee * aso: |) PSA &,0e8 1,0 aii t$$ "aad i Tes” “ ef red CAar " BSF. 2 129 Sar £808 BS nee MAE 2, L0€ to. Re ros PAL Pea £0 af te "aN §, 228 1,0 a! res pre QyERS - £0 ef rt eed ¢,899. £0 ai! ys aie ih 3 4,765 £0 af ree OVAL DeslhS « £,0 et th PPE Teale : 1 ail: tis bs tat f 3,088 aS ig? Spar 4,588: £,0. et TAL OT ans 1.0 @' i: none 2,188 $0). ae SS 01g il, 23S S.0° - ag ter “VoL 0,298 as ‘ye Peer ars . 040 Ree tot “Ter §..°88 aS tor "ear 53S as tir Cass 2 as eh Bot £908 af eS 80d | S.alfS £,0 ail TOE SROs T,9a8 sy ef LG Te OTS as tat Oour OOS a8 23 tof “rer 2.76 “uh aoos Tas 4.0 eh |. A tea Parr AOE O8 Noss Mal lS ae aaa Noe oe SS OOES) 2559S 1.0. af Fe AG 2 te,oR Ah ooss. S,8TS ao BSE Peak tae OBB o008 2 DATE TUE TAT UTUDE TO GITUDE MO, LOPIS PRROR AZTMUPH cur “ORTH ase . SEFT.), 2000 84° 59,3! 168° 391 38 ol 28164 5 2300 85° O12! 168° 51! 3s 0.3 282.4 7 2200 65> deat 167° 10! 2s 288.0 9 2000 pe? aa,ct 168° 281 2s 292.) 11 0100 85° 20.0! 167° oot 2s 292 42 11 2h00 P5° 21,8! 167° 0! 3s 0.3 292.4 12 2300 G50 23h 167° 259 38 Ou 295.0 1, 21,00 85° 30,):! 167° het 3s O.1 297.8 16 2200 85° 28, 168° 09! 38 O.2) 29706 17 2000 ) 85° acca 168° 08! 2m, 1s Gece 18 2200 &5° 26.0! 169° 221 2s, Im 0.3 2°7,8 19 2200 85° 23,1! 169° 06! 2s, in io: 297.467 20 2200 85° 23,1! 1689 571 hs Oh 227-2 22 2200 85° 26,7! 169° Sot hs OF 295.6 25 2300 B5° 31,8! al wo 3s 0. 296.7 OCT.1 0800 85° 20.7! 172° Lh! 2s 298.0 7 0800 A5° 01.9! ge ali? 3x Os 296,0 8 0600 85° 02.31 172° 18! | 3x. O.1 295.2 9 0600 85° 00,91 173° op! 3x 0.3 29h. 10 0h00 64° 56,8! eo 3m 0.2 295.0 12 2000 859 00,9! 176° 12% dum 0.3 290.9 14 0300 85° 02,5! 176° o7! - 3m 0.2 289.5 18 1100 84° 30.4! L7LO 158 3m Ou 2989 bagq Pa) hela 8 * tot rae 18,25 OM ia ee Be ; rot Prag. ib O08 9RB- eae reo Bar m3 OD ee ee 160 AE NES ORD mI ,eS rog SAT | | to,a9 22 re ut ht ray Ccar sR ORB. et ipa ofet | Mae Pag ai 9a Scar AA ORB ay 9) aden ing xtr 19,£6 %d: ae We Pane & 1y,08 °88 M888 fo “f men srt 5 igea HA Ses 1.0 xe St Ve sa gles £40 xe PEO PERE. V3, 12,00 "SB O82 1,0 ey. Gena ete I Aly 2,098 tat mh Pee ORD IR.OH 988 3, e88 8,0 . me yo ee 14,80 "a8 eee £0 me oe hee tog 98 sea SS a Gy Wr ow NOVe LAT TTUDE MORTH Bh° 38,68 85° 03,6! B5° oF ,5! LOG? TUDE 78 no o2t 19, LOPtS FRROR AZT UTH See 3s 0.2 0.2 Ok Olt 0.3 Ol 0.3 0.3 0.1 Owl 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Oo 1.2 0.3 Ool 0.6 0.5 293.3 293.2 295.8 298.3 301.2 301.9 301.2 300.2 299.6 301.7 300.0 300.2 300.1, 301.5 303.0 303 2 303.5 30h,.2 305.) 305.1 307.0 307 91 302.6 308.8 ter AE ts! Pear tre “OTE tyr OTF rht “OFT 12,00 “ub #9, ue Teed Pao #885 PHS . fae us towne OU? fo,,'¢ OR > Tele OS IT HE 8 toe NG r2.0¢ Ys tas 8 TAald “8 Fg OA {OL S18 'Q,0f OB TL Og tag Os TIih 1900 1900 2100 2100 2000 2000 2000 1900 - 2000 2000 1900 1900 2000 2100 2100 1900 2200 ide) ALSIO0) 2000 1900 1900 2000 2000 2000 LATITUDE NORTH 8) 17.3! 8° 20,2 81,0 2.9! 8° aht 64° 16.8! 81° 10,7! 8° 03." 83° 57.3! BES (eal (8 83° h7.7! 83 h7.8t - 83° 1:6! 63° 12,5 83° 2.3" 83° 0.51 40,0! 83° hist 83° h1.3! 83° h1.ot 83° 0.7! Gay sien! 83° 1,1,8! 83° 08 ie Sy era LONGITUDE wWhST 167° 2h! 166° 16! 166° 08! 165° 501 165° 291 165° 221 1459 201 165° 23 165° 28t 165° 3)! 165° 1,81 165° 5e! 166° 131 166° 17° | 166° ao! 165° 391 165° 08! 16° )08 16H? 12! 153° 58! 1640 ht 16° 55% 16° 36! NO, LOP'S ERROR AZIMUTH 0.7 0.3 Okt 1.0 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.3 Oo 0.2 0.2 0.3 Oo7 0.2 Ool Oh 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 309 1 310.6 309.4 310.1 310.7 312.3 312.5 313.1 313.3 314.6 31.7 315.1 315.0 315 6h 316.5 317 obs 317.6 318.9 319.9 320.h1 320.1 320.5 321.0 Byaleo dl SRTACSA soRRs BIN LOH, _ fyR0e 1.0 80. ih,0 Of §,.0 8,0 wl nie AL. rey Rar na Omar tec “OAL t¥E ar q 5,08 98 nee : ; ; on: 7 ie a) aie r 860 ror 8 Miy€o SUB . rf, ¥2 65 0 eR tT, Ti "28 w) 18,90 Mi) / ae Tcl 8 Tayo g0 vest "e8 ra,ou ea 1,05 "CB tant ea ret Ped 1 afi EB r TT .0y! PE £.7E [C6 Gn) 8 TO, cu %E8 ts Til %e8 LATITUDE NORTH 83° 7.8! 83° 7.7? 83° 49.5! 83° 8.0! 83° 7.5? 83° 2.2! 83° 37.5! 83° 32.1! 83° 31.2% 830 32,8! 83° 33.5! 83° 35.3! 83° 37.5! 83° 38.5! 83° 38.8! 83° 37.5! 83° 38.0! 83° 38.0! 83°37" 83° 36.9! 83° 36.7! 83° 38.5! 83° 39.6! 83° 0.0! 83° h.o# LONGITUDE: WEST 16° 55! TSS) Gye) 165° Olt 165° 08 165° 02! 164° 02! 165° 27% 163° 07! 162° 57! 162° 6! 162° 23! 161° 53 161° )6! 161° bt 161° 3h! 161° het 161° 33! 161° 37! 161° 6! 161° 5! 161° 4st 161° 30! 161° 28! 161° 16! 160° 32! NO. LOP'S hx Bx 3x AZIMUTH 321.6 321.6 322.3 322.0 322.8 323.7 32h.9 325 26 325.7 326 oh 327 oh 328.5 329.2 329.5 329 oh 329.3 329.5 329.9 329.6 32905 329. 32923 329.03 328.) 328.3 > a 2 a xu ek te2 Ofar “aad ner ti Crag ade Oat to Crar ee Oras * age Pree 48d Oa "13d OfaL re Orar 7 ge SeaE 8g Mae #8e Orar " 9ge Onde sats eo eos ee ey raed 8 ORE toed BO T2.7i 88 t | 'g.Si ed PS Ste [EB | Haase O88 ra.ee 8 (RRR 12,9 °E6 c vate iB.8€ °E8.. 10,88 EB 10,8 8 rE %EB 1@,de EB "vp ae O€8 12,08 %€8 raver C8 tovod 8 Osi %€6 LATITUDE NORTH B32! 835.2! 83° 1! 83°36.0! 83°29 bi! 83°15.0! 83°16.6! 83°10! 83°12.5! 83°13.8! 83°25.8! Bgcemeo! 83°30.5! Bae2oe2! 83°27 .6! 83°22.0! 83°2365! B3°2h.5! 83°25.)! 83°23! 83°26.8! 83°25.1! 83°26.5! 83°26.2! 83°27.0! LONCITUDE WEST 160°7! USCS! 160°%2! gs) 3 3)! 158°56! 159°00! 150°11! 159°18! 159°02! 158°30! 156°37! 156°50! 157°90" 156°57! 158 °27! 158°28! 158-16! 158 °3h" 158022! 158°00! 157°" 156°sSh! 156°37! 156°20! NO. LOP'S Bp hx hex TERROR AZIMUTH 328.9 329.3 329 02 Bolads 330 elt 330.8 331.1 33107 33226 33367 33L9 333.8 333-5 33.67 33h. -6 333 07 333.6 33h 62 33h.67 33469 33107 3356 337 8 337 8 339 oht BARRE AO. “neler 0 : MaSEE. - sle0 WARE: . B60 ules dap Bete ea MELE 0 Wedee 2 2,0 Balle .. 8.0 WEEE > “E00 (kee tao Selee ho Foul€€& B30 Reilee af Pe ee BM iy: eet | 1ap° mr me°ee r igen p at | ton? oni | * RP BEE Oc. ive act: * * 5 q tea Ons “toc? yar “i (a Pap f var | iiieOaaT i ao 156% Qar "O.dE%ER MQs?es fo,2e%rs 190K. ee r°en terse Neh. tog tees : m.02%8 ' i see ea. 1, ro%ea 1, a) | eeee?es sf Pe a ten 9%E8 ; ‘ealSQ8 i *8.88%@8 Feng eg 12.88%R6 | p ‘gases ; 1.7 S°eB | a) LATITUDE NORTH 83°28 8! 83°31.0! 83°32" 83°31! 83°21! 83° 5 et 83°60! 83° 9 83°42! 83°58! 83°56! 83°67! 83°37! 83° 5.8! @3°5.1" 835.8! 83°6.3! 83°)5.6! 83°L3.5! 83°L1.6! 83°H0.7! 63937 = oe >“ ——— a = a eo g pe ee ee el = 7 : —- = =e J f a a ~ = Q i.fet ‘MelRE elee Filet g.0 260 atee BO seul ba togPenr "ye°eer oy VRRP RSS Veh ert tee gar = 4g Pear {year teres | Fol? say “Agerezt rORe tek oy 6 ; eh “HhadiPea | oyaies. Sheen | “A988 reesiea ae iaeeed rr ae, TP E8 ty hon ‘Wgyon?es fa, Ol" €8 | TEs si (eA i tg AOR A 10, MiP ER 1 MMOED red eB LATIT'DE NORTH 838 2! 83°).8 .0! 83°L7 66! 83°L7 6! 83°50)! 83°77! 83°h7 «8! 83°50! 83°5.3! 83°58! 83°7 68! 83°95! 83°S1.1! 83°52 8! 83°52.) 83°52)! 83°52 .5! 83°53 «l,! B3°53.1! 83°55. 9! 83°56.7! 83°57 9! 83°58 1! 83°57 5! 83°59! 152°27! 152°21! 152°30! 152°27" 152°18! 152°29! 151958! 151°L8! L519) 5! 15195). encne! 151°52! 151°5s! 151°55! 151°52! Hence? 152905! 5953) 152°00! 151°56! Ube). 151°30! NO. TOP'S ERROR AZIMUTH Bie 1s ,noon 2x 42S 2x,1s lex 0-1 0.25 0.5 0.6 Ol 353.8 35102 35h61 3501 35h 2 35h, 06 35502 35563 356.9 357 3 35769 358.9 000.5 000.3 000.3 000.5 000.4 000.0 000.1 359 oy 000.1 00.5 359 6 358.9 359.0 toon, ef eS,x3 el, xS mE, of Bs ae eer pee ‘rS°ser, toeear TS?ser. 167%say ~ tog?gar 'geO far Fin ea (Oper een r *e)P par. rea? mr repr "ee? rer 192° poy 182° fe £ '20°Sas hal MO? se r- iad erer OE? for sorretst eee BPA aay e,HMes to, ae8 "Sy T%E6 73, Tul EB h.02%E8 tT, sulP_n 4B, 7es toynyieg te, 2WR6 ; 19, 21%¢8 "ST e8 een ~ Fe L2%8 8,92 %8 Thee eR 11,90 °RB te, 52%B tly CRED tree en 2 .22%H “WH88" 9 to, en tf. 82988 “a on Opg e278 10 DATE 26 APRIL 28 iy TIME 1100 2200 2200 2100 2200 2),00 0200 0),00 2000 2000 2000 2200 2000 2300 2000 2200 2000 1900 2200 2300 2000 2100 L.-TITUDE NCRTH 83°59! 8°00.7! OS 5508! 83°L8 .3 83°2" 83°39 3! 83°16.5! 83°56! 83°5.6! 83°L6.9! 83°L5.8! S3elie2" 83°13.7! 83°%3 +! 83°39! 83°53! 83°h7 20! 83°)8.3! 83°96! 83°H9 oli! 83°9 oly! 83°51.3! LONCITUDE WHST 151937! 152°31! 152°h0! 153°06! 153920! 153°01!' 153°20! 153028! 153°! 153°38! LES oly# 153°23! 153017" 152°53! 152°! 152°10! 152032! 152026! --> CAMP MOVED TO NEW.FLOE ( NEW REFERENCE LINE ) 151°57! 152°01! 151°38! 151°28" NO. OP'S 3x ,1s 38 3s 2s D.R., 1s 3s 3m 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s 38 3s 2s 35 3s 3s 3s "RROR AZIMUTH 0.5 358.1 Ona 35983 0.7 357.8 35607 356.6 Oe B85 5eh 1.1% 356.7 O.l 35722 0.3 356e7 el 356.1 O.1 356.9 0.3 356.6 O.b* 35761 0.3 356.5 0.5 357.0 0.1 358.0 0.3 358.6 358 Oe Shel 0.2 hel Oeil, —SeGeH 0.3 56.9 Me wou oe ERE 40 oe Nese | Bie 40 a ed oe ae oss ae as | rePeRE oe a aeaRE aS ae ee ; evre ee *goP eT gyeeteg | r Oils i, io ome, MORPRRE ere ea 2 ee se ger a ee Eee 40 oe a ee vy i Wwreae wa eT «ae | 000g oa ee tea eRe re ef Heer : reedes ey ; 9008: ae eRe €.0 ag tgp°gpr ued , Ce ‘a ORE 2.0 e¢: i gar revtles o008) “ome £.0 | at rop@gur te ete s oogg * | a | hee RO Sh toc tueB Oe a a . de 83e es. bas@gae "ESE pdr bl a | e (Sed OMSAENS at) soar. wns OR MEO | Wu *J.0 ec | eer ae “dale 860 et MOPS ists OE a. ee oe ec = PeePreE tle eites » 00s” | Qa ED at gorar | eR CR 1 JUNE oO ON Dw wm FF ww a (2) a LATITUDE NORTH 83°55 .6! 8305527 83°55 20! 83°55.9! 83°56.6! 83°57 8! 83°55.6! 83°5h 08 83°05) 6 83°57 oh! 830559! 83°55.3! 83°58 oy! 8,001.5! 8°98 45! 8009 .2! 81,009 .6! 8°11 25! 8°13 8! 8°16.3! 8°18 25! Bh 20.6! 81,922 66! 8,°23..1! LONGITUDE WEST 151932" User. 151028! 151012! 151936! 152906! T5ue2 3! 151°! 151°10! 151°27! 1519),1! 1520008 151030! 151°20! 150°)3' 150023! 14,997! Thgears 119920! ise 19°01! 18 °s6 1Wy8°s1! 18°37! NO. LOP'S ERROR AZIMUTH 38 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s 3s OL Ol Ol 0.1 0.1 0.2 570 56.6 570 57 8 57 9 59.0 60.0 7 re pine i a : fe a : | : y ; i i oy rare ; in ; e ae oy vy ’ SRBRARBR i %, BS 8a ier ‘plore WHOS CEP LAL seg? ras redeor.r TenocR Tr nyunds \s peau _fogeour Heroes _ Hrometr ree Blt tpOBir a T9220 eB a 1B NSPS eee. Toes Mates MERE. . ane "af U8 a, 80048 tS, PCPs #3. 200.88) 1a, £6, 1 Bes S48 tg 8°48 Ta 8078 ra,09 if8 tae gee TE 12 DATE 16 JUNE 2100...-~ ie —~y 18 19 21 22 2h 2h 25 —— JULY TIME 1900 2000 2300 0300 0100 0300 2300 2000 1900 0300 2300 2000 0000 2100 2200 2300 2200 100 2000 0700 2200 0200 0200 LATITUDE - NORTH 8);°27.7! 8,030.9! 8933.42! 8,933.2! 81,932 6! 84,°3).7! 81,938 23! 84,°39..0! 8,937 61! 8,93) 6" 8°37 «3! 8°10! Bu °Lil;! 8,10! 84°11" 8),°)0 01! 8°37 96! 84°35! 8°32 oh! 8,°31.6! 8,°30.9! 8,931.0! 8°31.7! 8°32 22! LONGITUDE WEST 1,828! 17°59! 172! 18°07! 17 he" Ung s 17°33" 17°38" 17 °3h" 147°h9" 117°" 1h7°S1! 1:7°35! 17°21! 17°09! wien? W6°Sh! 16°37! 16°12! 16°Oh! UW %h7" 14,928" 12°36! 12°32" NO. LOP'S ERROR AZIMUTH 3s 3s 3s his 38 3s 5s 38 3s 2s 3s 3s 38 3s 3s 38 his 3s 3s 3s 3s hs 3s 3s 0.3 Oo1 50.9 51.2 52.5 52 ly 53-0 52.8 5h 0 She? 577 57 02 56.8 5507 56.0 56 eh 56.9 S7el 57 2 57 ot 69.0 61.5 62.4 63h 62.1 61.7 reg Air “ep Igoe tee? Glr yey tee Te te vulE ieons rey nays feo walt reeAriie 1rQPmte rePrae PE EOH UL te Okt *yePOale is air Nip aus fyPihie fasPhir tag. Suis nse Sul RID Recent thy re ok SU es ae he ea he vt ae al i ' ey they HC a) Stee er 7 fhe rh) ttl Otis - "he SS te0f0l8 Fe TE7Us Peele 6 148988 "Dy Le9l? nonce? 18 10.618 170853 fae *a8 DATE 1, JULY 15 16 18 18 21 23 2h 2h 25 1 AUGUST 2 4 h 6 if 9 a: 18 18 20 20 2a TIME 2200 2300 2200 0300 2390 0200 1300 0100 2100 2300 1200 000 0000 2100 1900 2100 2100 0100 0600 2100 0300 2100 2300 LATITUDE NORTH 84°33 6h" 84°31..5! 84,932 9! 8°32.6! 8),°32 9! 8935.7! 8,°)0.8! 84°36! 8°65! 8°85! 85°01.5' 85°01.2! 85°02 4)! 85°O), 0! 85°02 0! 85°01.9! 8h.°59 8! 8°58! 85°02.9! 85°03.2! 85°01.5! 85°00.3! 8°58 «7! LONGITUDE WEST 12°25! 13°28! 14),°o3" 13°%%s! 13°29" 13°21! 10°26! 10°11!" 11,0°03! 1:0°0h" 138°00! als anal 138°12! 1388! 138°58! 13818! 136°L5! 136°05! 135703! 135°05! 13°70! 133° 5h" 133°26! NO. LOP'S ERROR 38 3s 3s 38 3s 2s 2s 38 38 3s hs Ss 3s 38 38 38 his 3s 38 38 3s 3s ls 0.5 0.6 0.6 O.1 Ol A7IMUTH 61.8 58 7 59 6 6007 6129 60.1 7328 Thed 76.8 76.9 85 8h 8 85.6 8667 86.9 86.9 873 88 el 85.5 85.0 82.67 8367 Bh oly S00 trsPeute Mas? ols | trodes OPO IL HnPots too? ger iy dPrer fer BEL rawPacs r92°8e5 BL BeL alder rages eRe L taPoer iy MWe tip eer tag? ef teeS6UB To ead Nlincslint Hy. RES a ae els 12,3898 HUB 1. £0°RB 1S, [Cag - | te SOP26 to, J0°28 10, 50°28 19,.£0°28 "8,029 48 "82°18 #9, 90726 tg,.£0°R8 1, 10°83 #g,00%" 090° U8 fee = + : == i) ae oe 5 oF as a ae a ae Cae a of Sp Reg = : ee es eee oe Se See a2 F / a con eS w= - q Ex: - ,: - ae 5 a si “2 -3 * J Ca S w : a4 =) ra » a A S - 7 . ms 8 ae < 5 Se eisai oe ae ae e f : —— a= : ' : - > - — mS ' = _= 7 —<— . Se: 5 Es i et : ; = @x = 1% vn ine 26 AUGUST 26 27 2 OCT TIME 0100 2100 1800 0000 2300 1500 0100 2200 2100 ~ 1900 2100 1900 0800 0800 2200 0500 2230 0830 1100 0300 0700 0700 0600 LATITUDE NORTH 85°0), 8! 85°05.)! 85°05.6! 85°26.5! 85°32.0! 85°11! 85°5)! B5°5h.7! 85°S0..0! 85°61! 85°51 .7! B5°S1 ss 8597 38! 85°19" 85°38 7! 85°39 25! 85°39.3! 85°10" 65°53.1" 85°52.5) B5°S7 ol! 86°02.5! 86°03 .)i! LONGITUDE WEST 130°0! 130°23! 130°)! 128°16! 127°52! 197 47 12):°00! 123°3)! 122°00! 122°35! 123931! 122°,7! 12029! 119°),5! 120°),0! 120°31! | 120°05' 119°55! 120925! 120°21!' 119°29! 119°30! 119952! NO. LOP'S @RROR Ss 3s 2s 2s ,em 3s,1m AZIMUTH 90.1 88 66 89.8 Shel 95h 96 ely 993 101.1 12.6 12367 102.3 76 obt 87.2 86.8 8.20 83.8 836 83.8 86.3 864 86.5 85.6 86.0 —« £ef0L £eS0r §.0° B.€8 dS Bae8 £33 i,d8 2.38 “O28 0.88 $0 eo ee Sf §.0 me iO §,0 £0 £40 220 £60 $.0 f.0 £,0 $40 cea toPoes tesPont io OEE F rar age. gpoyer reroyes | tec is tees TOSS taeogr tre esr - te gss 1o¢%O¢¢ faers 1 Posse ‘e"O8L rec?osr raPene MegPOSs igsPoss | tegPort tng Ct $qpoorr Bg lOP28 | Ta re Be2eres 12,9878 10, S£°28 - 1gbP29 Hye . te, 12°RB 19,08°R68 i f.d2°as IT, PRR. tr, 12°88 1, FEA taf28 #8788 ta, 06788 'f.26°RB 16,5 4728 — ie p28 9°28 * HheVeO28 1a,50°O8 eeeP28 15 DATE 20 OCT. 21 22 26 28 TIME 0700 2000 0800 2000 0800 0200 0500 LATITUDE NORTH 86°09 ..2! 86°15! 86°20! 86°23.3! 86°20.9! &6°09.5! 86°11 ..5! LONGITUDE WEST 121°28! 122°10! 121°32! 116°37! 116°10! 11),°98' 113°08! NO. LOP'S "RROR AZIMUTH lis ls 3s hs 3s hs 3s 0.3 043 0.2 0.3 9.2 0.5 Od 88.6 98 3 99 8 112.3 112.2 113.2 112.6 SvELL Oe SLL ad ag toga 1 ,£9°98 0 _ Necos?02 08 Ria : tp, rag a Month Octeber November . November November November November December December December December December December vecember vecember December December December December December December Day Hour G.M-T. 26 1000 15 0800 16 0700 21 2000 24 0700 30 0600 1 0500 2 0400 3 0400 5 2400 6 2400 10 0500 ll 0500 13 0500 15 1300 17 0400 18 0600 19 0600 22 0100 23 0400 Navigation Data -- Station Charlie Navigator — Lamont North Latitude 77°59.9 7795246 7795349 77°49.8 7795147! 71793842 7793767 77°38.0 7793529 7791827 77°09.9 76°58.1 76°57.4 76°55.6 76°59.3 77°02.2 77°05.6 77°08.3 7791327 7791722 West Longitude 171°38! 172°17' 172°22! 172°33' 172°38! 172922! 172043! 173°02! 173°12' 171°53' 172°00! 171°25! 171°16! 170°36! 169°47! 169°18! 169°04' 168°37'! 168°03' 168°25' iteference line bearing N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 156° 164° 165° 168° 169° 176° 178° Lot 178° 175° j 175° 177° 176° HT 179°. 178° 176° 176° 172° | 171° W W W Nos” of L.0.P's error 4 4 4 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 avibesl te —68e Tre “sok | gbhad) aoiteté = ota aottogival toomad - tod¢sgivet sonore tev. to yritsed omit sorte 2.0.0 { Soar) e+ ns ee © ee ee ee + 7 = \ " n are | ODer °8oL "861 ae | eer oer °orl ‘ert oeTL oOTE od 3 P| / OTL STTs i "ert / BTL | *OTt ore ost - onye x SS SF S&S = dean 'eeonye *PLOLT EL 'ss*Str 'eeoare BEOSTL 'egestT posh es ‘opoets 'SLOEhE 'SSolre *OO°STE ‘Orerys 1aeoort ‘TD °G OL . 'Sreegsi *poreoL TESST 'e0°s8f . 'egeess donot - pbad ignod obut igud @ 08 °NF a.86°FT Q,éa°TT ‘B.0°TT eeieerr $.88°TT T.teorT 0.80°CT @.acerr palevy 0.c0"TT {.08°OT h.Teror 0.88 °OT 5.00%" g.g0°rr @.80°TT o.20°TT T.eLery S.Trore December December December December December December January January January January 24 27 1300 0600 0700 1300 1100 0400 0706 0400 0600 0400 77°15.8 77°21.8 717°25.3 77°25.0 77°24.4 T7T°1T.7 77°135.6 77°11.8 77°10.6 77°04.9 - 2 168°32! 167°46 167932! 167°30! 167°36! 167°47' 167°34! 167°44! 168°01 168938! Zz ale re ey lee, ee 173° 172° 172° 173° | 174° 174° 173° 173° 172° 171° on Ee - 0.1. 0.3 The radius of error is the radius in nautical miles of a circle inscribed within the polygon formed by the L.0.P.'s ge Ue ee ee J mee ra ae r ee “ arch ~ bal re e “Sha w °Ohh M wR M Ww OTL & @ RTE W *Ert u Ww STL w “ow OTE He w otra i ’ cTEeces se oc * oo igiiiil siiifflil YW A 2 Yo wofim Inedtusn oi oxida off at torre 20 aati #64. 00d os ed bowie? nopyiog suv ghd be hod taveak § \! etal