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THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2009 with funding from 
Ontario Council of University Libraries 


http://www.archive.org/details/glasgownaturalisO2ande 


Che Glasqow 
:: Paturalist 


THE JOURNAL OF THE 
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW 


(Including the Transactions and Proceedings of 
the Society, Third Series). 


Volume II. 
EDITED BY 
D. A. BOYD AND JOHN PATERSON. 


1910. 
GLASGOW: PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY AT ITS Rooms, 


207 BATH STREET. 


PRINTED BY 
Rogpert ANDERSON, 142 West Nive Streer, 
Guascow. 


ile 


CONTE NES: 


In Memorram— Pace 
William Stewart, - - - - - - - : - 33, 34 
‘Thomas Gray, - - - - - - - - - - 65-68 
John Gray, - - - - - - - - - - 68, 69 

PAPERS— 

Notes on the Sedge-Warbler (Acrocephalus phragmitis), at 
Possil Marsh, in 1908 and 1909. William Rennie, - - | 


A specimen of Ligula simplicissima, Rudolphi; with notes on 
the life-history of the cea J. F. Gemmill, M.A., 


MEDE. = - 6 
Some recent addition: to ‘he fied water 5 Alge of the el de 

Area. Robert Garry, - - - - - 13 
The Fresh-water Polyzoon (Cristatedla See from eitiee 

colm. W. Cameron Davidson, - - - - - 15 
On a new British Marine pra (Plates V5 eqaxel “I0t,) 

Alexander Patience, = - - - - 16 
Notes on the Summer Birds of Shiskin, Arran. T. Thornton 

M‘Keith, - 2 - - - - - 20 
List of the ‘‘ pose Copeognatha or Psocide. I. J. F. X. King, 

F.E.S., - - - - - - - - - 34 
List of Arran Beatie Symers M. Macvicar, - - - 36 
On the Birds of the Glasgow District. John Paterson, - - 43 
Aberdeen es Bird eee nee W. Cameron 

Davidson, - - 61 


Summer Notes on Ate Birds of Garclochnend W. R. ere 69 
List of Aquatic Coleoptera from the Monklands (Lanarkshire). 


Wn. J. M‘Leod, - - - - - - - - 78 
On some Flowering Plants SNe Laurence Watt, - - 80 
Additions to the List of Clyde ee Anderson Fer- 

gusson, - - - - - - - 83 
Mycological Notes. D. A. Pare, . - - - - 92 


Remarks upon the Zoological Collection of the University of 
Glasgow, made on the occasion of the visit by the Natural 
History Society, on March 12th, 1910, by J. Graham Kerr, 
Honorary Curator, - - - . 97-111 

Addenda to above (1) List of species of insects deserihed 
by J. C. Fabricius in Dr. Hunter’s Collection ; (2) 
List of specimens of corals described by Ellis, and now 
in the University Collection. 

On the Sycamores in the oles a Area, By John 
Renwick, - - - - 112-119 

Table of jinas senate of Sycamores in the Clyde Drainage 
Area. By John Renwick and Richard M‘Kay, - . 120-126 


vi CONTENTS. 


Papers—Continued. Pacr 
The return of Summer Birds to the ‘ Cree » Area in 1910. 
By John Paterson, - - - 127-9 
Note on Bathysiphon as Set in Clyde. i Mrs. 
David Robertson, - - = : : 129 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY— 


Corallorhiza innata, R.Br., from Ardeer (Ayrshire). Exhibit 


by Alex. Stevenson, = - - - - - - - 25 
Asemum striatum, from Shewalton, Ayrshire. Exhibit by 

Robert Dunlop, - - - - - - - - - 25 
Fungi from Brodick, Arran, including Panus corulosus, new to 

Clyde. Exhibit by W. R. Baxter, - 26 
Phyllodromia germanica, from Glasgow. Exhibit ig J dite B 

Murphy, - - - - - - - - - - 26 
Fifty-eighth Annual General Meeting. Annual Reports. 

Election of Office-bearers, — - - - - - = 26 
Lantern slides of Fungi, presented to the Society by W. R. 

Baxter, - - - - - - - - = 27 
Tremella tubercularia, at Drumpellier Glen tramareenieey - 63 
Polyporus tueidus, Berkeley, from Barah, Ballinamallard, 

Fermanagh, - = - 2 < = = 2 = 2 63 


Schistocephalus dimorphus, Creplin, from Lounsdale Pond, 
Gleniffer (Renfrew). Exhibit by J. F. Gemmill, M.A., M.D., 64 
Apparatus for aeration of aquaria. Exhibit by J. F. Gemmill, 
MSAS, MDs, = - - - - - - - - - 64 
Juncus inflexus, L. (J. glaucus, Sibth.), from Kirtlebridge. 
Exhibit by P. Ewing, F.L.S., for John Smith, One 


Member, - - - : - - - 64 
Calamintha Acinos, Clairv.. , from Islay. Exhibit by Dr. Gaadan 96 
Carex nendula, Huds., from Islay. Exhibit by Dr. Gilmour, - 96 
Lathyrus Aphaca, Linn., from Newton, Lanarkshire. Exhibit 

by P. Ewing, F.L.8.,  - - - - - - - - 96 
Malformation in Pheasant ania colchichus). Exhibit by 

Charles Kirk, - - - - - - - 130 
On Pellets of the Tawny Owl (Syr num aluco), Herring Gull 

(Larus argentatus), and Rook (Corvus frugilegus). Exhibit 

by Herbert D. Shields, - - - - - - - - 130 
Rare Coleoptera taken in Clyde. Exhibit by Anderson 

Fergusson, - - - - - - - - 131 

tuddy Sheld-ducks (Tadorna casarea), free Sarsclet, Caith- 

ness. Exhibit by David Bruce, - - - - 134 
Cryptomorpha desjardinsi, Guér., a Coleopteron iteoateea 

with bananas. Exhibit by Anderson Fergusson, - - 134 


Mnium riparium, Mitt., from Blantyre; a Moss new to 
**Clyde.” Exhibit by John R. Lee, - - - : - 134 


CONTENTS. 


PROCEEDINGS—-Continued. 
Schistostega osmundacea, Mohr., the ‘‘luminous” moss, from 
Carron Glen. Exhibit by Mr. J. G. Robertson, - - 5 
Victa Orobus DC. and Juniperus communis, Linn., from Stey 
Amry, New Cumnock (Ayr). Exhibit by A. Gilchrist, - 
Albino Otter (Lutra vulgaris), from Islay. Exhibit by Frank 
M‘Culloch, - - - - : - - - - - 


Excursions— 

Perceton, Irvine, - - - - - - - - - 

Kelburn Castle, Fairlie, - : - : - - - - 

Cassillis and Auchendrane, 

Mains, Milngavie,_ - - - - - - - 

Balmaha, Loch Lomond, - - - . - - 

Carnwath, - - - - - - - - - 

Bute, West Coast of, - - - - - - 

Cassillis and Auchendrane. The common Bat (Vesperugo 
pipisirelius), and the Kestrel (Falco téanunculus)—a remark- 
able incident, 

Mains, - - - - 

Balmaha, Loch Eecad: - - : = = - = 

Carnwath, - - - - - = - : = = 

West Coast of Bute. Coleochate nitellarum, Zygnema anomalum, 
Bumillaria pumila, Binuclearia tutrana. Fresh-water Algze 
new to ‘‘ Clyde,” - - - - - - - 


bb) 


Norrs— 
Short Sun-Fish (Orthagoriscus mola), in Ayrshire waters. John 
Paterson, - - - - - - - . = 
The Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lappontca), in Kast Renfrew. 
John Robertson, - - - - - - - - 
The Stock-Dove (Columba wnas) at Blantyre. Walter Stewart, 
Dotterel (Hudromias moriiellus), in Bute. John Robertson, 
Ruff (Machetes pugnax), in Kast Renfrew. John Robertson, 
Spotted Redshank (Jotanus ee in Kast Renfrew. John 
Robertson, — - - - - . - 
Great Spotted Woodpecker (haa ocopus mijor), near Glasgow 
and in Ayrshire. John Paterson, - - : - 
Sparrow Hawk (Accipiter nisus), in Glasgow. Sieales H. Miller, 
The Stock-Dove (Columba wnas), in the ‘‘Clyde” area. Robert 
W.S. Wilson and Hugh Wilson, - 
Fossombronia Dumorweri (Hiib. et Genth. ), in Dune 
William Evans, - - - - - - 
Habrodon Notarisii, Schp. WD. A. Boyde: - - - 


ABSTRACT STATEMENT OF AcCOUNTS— 
Session, 1908-1909, - 


INDEX, - - 3 : “ = - : : : = 


136-8 
138 
138-9 
139-40 


- 140-41 


137 
138 
138 
139 


14] 


143-4 


145 


The Glasgow Waturalist 


The Journal of the NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 
OF GLASGOW 


(Including the Transactions and Proceedings of the Society, Third Series). 


Vol. II., No 1.] [| November, 1909. 


Notes on the Sedge-Warbler (Acrocephalus phragmitis) 
at Possil Marsh in 1908 and 1909. 


By WiiiAM RENNIE. 


[Read 26th October, 1909. | 


AccorDING to a note in the Glasgow Hvening Times of June 
19th, there seems to be a great scarcity of Sedge-Warblers at 
their usual haunts this year. Doubtless the severe weather we 
experienced in the spring of last year, when the Sedge-Warbler 
was due, was greatly to blame for the scarcity last season, and 
the decrease this year is the result. Although this bird may be 
searce throughout the country, this year at Possil they are in 
greater numbers than in the previous year. 

The Sedge-Warbler is well known not only from its voluminous 
song during morning and evening, but also from its restless 
habits. I find that especially on its arrival, it is one of the most 
difficult birds to follow, on account of its rapid flights in and out 
amongst the low growths of the willows or thick vegetation. I 
found that, by lying concealed near some favourite bush, or near 
the reeds frequented by the birds, I was always sure of seeing 
them closely, if I got to the marsh before sunrise. When 
discovered, all chance of a second interview at close quarters was 
gone. This shyness seems to last until the nesting takes place, 
when they appear more openly and fearlessly either on the lower 
branches of the willows or clinging to the tall reeds or equiseta, 
from which they pour forth their loud song. The song of the 
male is acknowledged as being amongst the best of those of our 


2 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


aquatic Warblers. When disturbed in the open, Sedge- Warblers 
fly a short distance in a sort of lost or disabled condition, and 
before landing, either on a sedge or similar plant, they flutter 
over it for a little, then seeming to drop helplessly on to it, make 
for the main stem, and immediately begin to sing. 

The situation of the nest seems to be a matter of dispute 
amongst ornithologists. Those that I have seen have always 
been built at some distance from the ground, with the exception 
of one, to be mentioned later. Both birds take their turn of 
sitting during incubation. 

It is amusing to watch the Sedge-Warblers. In the early 
morning I have seen them sit on a reed or other tall plant, and 
dart off at any moth or fly that should be passing, returning 
again just like Flycatchers. I have seen them taking moths, 
flies, and aphids. Someseem to have quite a taste for the larve 
of the cuckoo-hopper. It is interesting to watch them picking 
it out from the spit, or searching the undersides of leaves for 
caterpillars. I have also seen them picking into the heart of the 
flowers of Ranunculus lingua, without in any way damaging 
the floral arrangements. Large patches of Rumea obtusifolius, 
at the marsh, were this year infested with Black Aphids and the 
larve of the Green Beetle (Phadon tumidulus). These were left 
severely alone. 

The Sedge-Warbler is well known as a clever mimic of the 
notes of other birds. One morning in May I listened to one 
singing, which for a while uttered nothing but the notes of the 
Whitethroat. 

Sedge-Warblers have been accused of being quarrelsome birds, 
not only amongst themselves, but with other small birds. Of | 
this I cannot recollect ever having seen an instance, although 
naturally, during the breeding season it is not uncommon for one 
male to be seen driving away any other that may try to attract 
the attention of his partner. Then they may fight as viciously 
as Robins. Last year (1908) the Sedge-Warbler was first seen at 
Possil Marsh on 3rd May. Throughout the season the birds were 
very scarce, the largest number seen in one day being five, which 
was on the evening of June 16th. Out of about forty visits, 
from 17th May till 4th July inclusive, I saw the Sedge-Warbler 
about eighteen times, the last time being on 30th June, when it 


RENNIE—THE SenGe-WarBLER AT Possit, Marsu. 3 


was still in song. I may say that on nearly every occasion they 
were seen either in the early morning or in the evening, seldom 
during the day unless the weather was dull, although they were 
occasionally heard. I saw no young birds. 

This year (1909) it made its first appearance on the 29th 
April, when several were noted in the early morning. On that 
day the southern slopes of the Campsie Hills held patches of 
snow, whilst, away in the distance, Ben Lomond and the other 
hills were completely covered. My next visit was on the 
morning of 5th May shortly after seven o'clock. There was a 
good touch of frost and the Sedge-Warblers were singing loudly. 
Search as I liked | could not find more than four. On returning 
on the 10th shortly after daybreak, I was able to count a dozen. 
During the week the weather had been very open. My next 
visit was on the 17th at daybreak a very cold morning. The 
song of the Sedge-Warbler seemed everywhere, and I counted about 
two dozen birds. By the 24th vegetation at the marsh had been 
erowing rapidly for some time, and I now began to find it 
dificult to count the birds, as they had began to spread themselves 
over the marsh. I am sure that there were still about the same 
number. I was unable to visit the marsh again till the 4th July 
when I went at daybreak. This was a splendid morning with 
strong westerly winds. The only birds that I heard singing 
until the morning was well advanced were Sedge-Warblers, of 
which however I heard and saw very few. Visiting the marsh 
again at daybreak on the 11th, another fine morning, scarce a 
note was to be heard from any bird with the exception of one or 
two Sedge-Warblers. After'a while I went on to Cadder, and 
returned to the marsh again about ten o'clock. By this time 
several Sedge-Warblers were about, and I saw for the first time 
a brood of young ones. I returned again on the following 
morning (12th) before daybreak. During the night the frost 
had been very keen and by sunrise a dense mist covered the 
marsh. This was one of the finest mornings I ever had for 
hearing the song of the Sedge-Warbler, although I was unable to 
see many of them. Judging from the volume of song the marsh 
seemed alive with them. After listening for a time I went on 
to Cadder, and returned again about nine o’clock. The mist had 
disappeared, and the sun was shining brightly. The great 


7 


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4 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


volume of song had ceased, and I was only able to see a few 
birds. My next visit was on the afternoon of 17th. Strong 
winds were constant all day. On arrival (one o’clock) I heard 
no Sedge-Warblers, and on making a search amongst the willows 
I was only able to disturb one pair, which immediately began 
their scolding notes which they continued till I left them. 
I visited the marsh again on the evening of 20th, a very wet 
night, the wind (S.W.) at times being very strong. I had the 
same experience as on my last visit, namely, no birds were heard 
until I beat up the willows, when I again disturbed a pair which 
set up their scolding for some time. On the evening of 22nd 
(showery) I saw eight Sedge-Warblers. Their song now was very 
short, and consisted chiefly of their harsh notes. During the 
week the coarse rank grasses that grow between the marsh and 
the canal had gradually been getting cut down, and I found that 
on this day they were cut well into the reeds at the edge of the 
marsh, exposing to view a Sedge-Warbler’s nest. Although it 
was flown. I saw one of the old birds back at it. JI had known 
that there was a nest there, for its owners had supplied me with 
many an hour’s entertainment in the early morning. The nest 
was still too far out for me to reach conveniently, but it was 
built into the reeds (Typha latifolia) about two feet from the 
water. Judging from its outward appearance it was a deep 
structure built of grass and other materials. Returning on the 
afternoon of 24th. a lovely day, with strong westerly winds, not 
a Sedge-Warbler was to be heard, let alone seen. The nest 
which I found on the 22nd had been completely removed. I 
was lying watching some Swifts, when my eye alighted on a 
small bird clinging to an equisetum, with a green caterpillar in 
its beak. I saw at once that it wasa Sedge-Warbler. I watched 
it patiently for a while, and saw it fly into the roots of a willow 
at the edge of the water. A few harsh notes were uttered and 
it appeared again. Immediately after I saw its mate fly in from 
the other side, also with food, but it came out again without 
uttering a note. I went over to the willows to search for the 
nest, and was rewarded by finding it with three young, which 
left the nest when they found that they had been discovered. 
I paid particular attention to this nest. It was built amongst 
the roots of the willows, which were completely covered by 


RENNIE—Tue Sepce-WaArBLER aT Possin Marsu. 5 


marsh vegetation. I would say that it was a ground nest. The 
nest had the appearance of being a depression amongst the dense 
vegetation, and was filled up with willow leaves and grass into a 
deep cup. The inside had a good layer of dry fine grass, and 
was finished off with a lining of hair, and contained no feathers. 
Having satisfied myself I withdrew. During the whole time the 
parent birds had kept up their scolding. Returning again in 
about an hour, | found the ‘three young birds snugly in the nest 
again. On different occasions I took up a position amongst the 
same willows, close to the nest, but at no time could I say that 
the birds displayed any anxiety, or anything that would have 
led one to think they were near their nest. Returning on the 
evening of 3lst (warm and sultry), not a Sedge-Warbler was 
heard. On searching amongst the willows I saw seven. some of 
them birds of the year. They scarcely uttered a note when 
disturbed, and seemed to prefer to rest. They were chiefly 
amongst the patckes of reeds (Phragmitis communis), which I 
find to be a favourite place for them, especially on their arrival. 
I was unable to visit the marsh again till the evening of 20th 
August. I was only successful in seeing two amongst the reeds 
already referred to. The birds were silent. Returning again on 
the evening of 24th, a wet night, I heard the notes of the Sedge- 
Warbler amongst the reeds, and, after a long search, I found one 
bird lurking amongst the low growths of the willows. On 
the evening of 28th, when it was also wet, I saw one bird. 
Returning on the morning of 31st, which was clear and bright, 
two Sedge-Warblers were singing amongst the reeds. I have not 
been able to visit the marsh again since that date. 

I have noticed on several occasions now that when the winds 
were strong the Sedge-Warblers at the marsh would be quiet, and 
on going on to Cadder where they are sheltered they would be 
singing merrily. I see that Miss Emma L. Turner makes the 
same statement in “Home Life of Marsh Birds,” about the Sedge- 
Warblers being quiet during windy weather. ‘This doubtless is 
apt to give one the impression when visiting such exposed places 
as the marsh in windy weather, that Sedge-Warblers are scarce 
or absent, when they can only be said-to be lying low. 

One thing in the economy of this bird has seemed strange to 
me, viz.:—‘*‘ Why should it sing loudest when the weather is 
coldest ?” 


+. _ foo 


6 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


In concluding I feel that I cannot do better than quote Mr. H. 
Seebhom’s words regaiding morning observations, the value of 
which I have often proved in many instances besides that of the 
Sedge- Warbler. 

“T was well rewarded for aotene up soearly. There can be 
no doubt that ornithological observations are much more easily 
made in the early hours of the morning immediately following 
sunrise, than at any other period of the day. It requires some 
courage to turn out ere the day has got properly aired, but an 
ornithologist is always well rewarded for his trouble. Birds are 
on the feed and can be easily approached and in spring they are 


in full song.” 


A Specimen of Ligula simplicissima, Rudolphi; with 
Notes on the Life-History of the Lrguline. 


By J. F. Gemniti, M.A., M.D. 


The Liguline or ‘‘Strap-worms” do not seem to have been, 
recorded from the West of Scotland, although in all probability 
they are of not infrequent occurrence. ‘The following notes are 
given in the hope that they may lead to the acquisition of further 
data regarding the distribution of these interesting and import- 
ant parasites. 

The specimen, obtained by Mr. Thomas Anderson, Greenock, 
and sent to me for identification by Mr. Alexander Ross, F.E.LS., 
was exhibited at the meeting of this Society on 25th May, 1909. 
Mr. Anderson’s interesting account of the host and parasite is 
appended.§ 

Ligula is one of two genera (Ligula and Schistocephalus). con- 
stituting the small sub-family Ziguline* within the very import- 
ant family of the Bothriocephalide, a family which includes the 
largest of all the Cestode parasites of man. 

Among the characters of the Bothriocephalidz that should be 
mentioned here are the following :—the scolex is armed or un- 
armed, and is provided with two suckers which are usually small 
and shallow, but, sometimes by growth and fusion of their lips, 
become large and more Ok less united into one, while, on the 


* Braun in Bronn’s Kinssen and Ordnungen IV., 18., p. 1683, 
et passim. 


GEMMILL—Specimen or Liguta stmpyicissima, Rupouput. 7 


other hand, they may be rudimentary, and replaced by a new 
terminal sucker on the front of the head ; external segmentation is 
usually obvious, but may be absent; the opening of the uterus 
always lies towards the middle of one of the flat surfaces, while 
the male genital opening and that of the vagina are, in different 
genera, either on the same or on opposite flat surfaces, or on one 
or other of the edges. 

In the sub-family of the Ligulinz the scolex is unarmed, short, 
triangular, without distinct neck, and with small, poorly developed 
suckers. All the genital openings are on one of the flat surfaces. 

The larve of the Liguline are found within the peritoneal 
cavity of various fishes, and, when fully grown, contain the 
whole body, including the genital organs, of the adult worm 
already formed, and requiring only a very short stay in the final 
host to ensure full maturity. 

The adult Ligula is segmented externally in its anterior part, 
but this external segmentation does not correspond with the 
internal serial succession of genital structures. The larve, of 
which our specimen is one, are described as showing no 
segmentation externally, and as being destitute of suckers. 
These larve live within the body cavity of the Cyprinoid fishes 
chiefly, and their final hosts are such water birds as the ducks, 
the gulls, and the waders, in the food canal of which they remain 
for a remarkably short time. Numerous species of Ligula have 
been described, but it is now considered that they are all referable 
to one single species named as in the title of this paper.* 

Schistocephalus, the other genus mentioned as belonging to the 
sub-family Liguline, has the following characters :—the scolex is 
cleft at its anterior end; the suckers are weakly developed ; 
division into segments is complete ; suckers and segmentation are 
already obvious in the larva; the larva lives in the body cavity 
of the sticxleback ; the final hosts are the same as for Ligula. 


Lire History or THE LIGULIN®. 


The fertilised eggs reach water along with the evacuations of 
the infected water birds. Here the eggs develope into embryos 
which are richly ciliated and provided with three pairs of tiny 
hooklets.; They leave the egg shell in about seven days, and 


*Von Linstow in Zoolog. Anzeiger XXIV., p. 627. 
+ Willemoes Suhm in Zeitschrif. Wiss. Zool. XIX., p. 469. 


ay 


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ee a a LE er Les eS ya” Fe eS ae a 


8 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


swarm vigorously in the water. How they get into the body 
cavity of their intermediate hosts is not yet ascertained with 
certainty. No doubt the path is through the wall of the gut, 
and not through the skin or by way of the circulation. It has 
been affirmed* that the little embryos are swallowed directly by 
the fish, perforate the wall of the food canal, and reaching the 
body cavity, grow into larval Ligule without having been in 
any previous host. But it is not improbable that the embryos 
had first passed into and remained for a longer or shorter time 
in one or other of the small aquatic animals on which the fishes 
live. In any case the transition from the embryo to the young 
larva has not been observed, the youngest larve noted haying 
already reached a length of a tenth of an inch. 

The larve grow rapidly inside the body cavity of their host 
nourished by absorption of the body lymph. Some degree 
of chronic peritonitis is often set up, and thereby no doubt the 
lymph is rendered richer in nutritive materials. In course of 
time the host begins to show signs of disease. It gets thinner 
and may lose many of its scales. Its brightness of colour lessens, 
and it becomes sluggish and easily caught. Intected sticklebacks, 
when the parasite has reached full size, are described as struggling 
along near the surface of the water, gasping with forced respira- 
tory effort, their bellies swollen up by the Ligula which may 
weigh more than the entire weight of its host. Now the litle 
fishes fall an obvious and easy prey to water birds of all kinds. 
The parasite, swallowed whole with its host, becomes free within 
the food canal of the bird, developes or unfolds its suckers, and 
quickly ripens its sexual products. the ripening taking place first 
in the posterior part of the body, and progressing forwards 
towards the head. It is said that the production of ripe eggs 
may begin twenty-four hours after the larva has been swallowed, 
and that the average time required is from two and-a-half to four 
days. Ina few days longer the whole process has been completed, 
and the remains of the parasite itself have been voided or 
digested. The rapid ripening within the food canal of the bird is 
due no doubt to the stimulus of warmth as well as to that of 
nutrition. Under experimental conditions Ligule have been 
brought to sexual maturity within the body cavity of the dog. 
On the other hand an attempt to induce this final stage in larve 


* Donnadieu in Journal de ’ Anatomie, 1877, p. 452-3. 


_GEMMILL—Specimen or LIGULA SIMPLICISSIMA, RuUDOLPHI. 9 


kept in the intestinal contents of the duck at the body tempera- 
ture of birds, is described as having failed. 

During the final stage not very much nutritive material 
requires to be absorbed, since the larva had almost reached its 
full size within its earlier host. The total increase in weight is 
only about ten per cent. at this stage, and possibly a considerable 
part of this increase is due to the imbibition of water. 

The parasites do not seem to have any particular seat of 
election within the food canal of the final host, but may be found 
anywhere from gullet to large intestine, and either free or loosely 
attached. In one host as many as a hundred and fifty specimens 
were counted, while in another the whole of the small intestine 
was crammed with Ligule to the thickness of one’s thumb. 
‘They do not seem todo much harm to the host. Experimentally, 
a single duck fed on Ligule was estimated to have ripened 
fifty of them within a period of four weeks. 

Should the larval Ligula be markedly immature when swallowed 
by the bird, it does not ripen within the food canal, but is either 
voided or digested. 

It sometimes happens feat full-grown larve, instead of 
waiting to be swallowed with the body of their host, find their 
way out of the body cavity by breaking through the abdominal 
wall usually near the vent, and, becoming free in the water, 
wriggle about vigorously for a time. Many thousands of 
such larve have been seen together in the water. Under 
favourable circumstances they are able to survive for six or 
eight days, but as a rule their free life is a short one. Being 
conspicuous and defenceless, they are eagerly devoured not only 
by water birds of all kinds, but also by the fishes themselves. 
In the former event, ripening of the eggs takes place. as has been 
already described, but in the latter the parasite dies, since it is 
unable to ripen within the food canal of fishes. 

A marked feature in the internal structure of Ligula is 
the presence of a powerful musculature, both longitudinal and 
transverse. This cannot fail to be useful to the parasite (1) in 
enabling it to free itself from its fish host either ini the water 
under the circumstances just described, or, as more commonly 
happens, within the food canal of the birds that feed on the 
infected fish ; (2) in enabling it to maintain its position within 


10 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


the food canal against peristaltic action, and against the flow of 
the intestinal contents. The suckers with which the adult 
parasite is provided are too weak to be efficient for this purpose, 
and, indeed, it has been mentioned, as above, that Ligule may 
be found within the gut quite unattached to the wall. 

In many cases only a single parasite occurs within the body 
cavity of one host, but not infrequently four or five, and some- 
times even as many as fifteen, large Ligule may occur together. 

It would appear that a second infection can take place, quite 
tiny specimens being occasionally found along with others that 
are much larger, and evidently much older. 

Ligule may survive the death of their fish-host for a consider- 
able time. In the present instance, Mr. Anderson has noted a 
survival of fourteen hours, but in one experimental case the 
parasites remained alive for several weeks among rotting fish, the 
stench from which at last grew too much even for the enthu- 
siastic investigator, so that he threw them out, Ligule and all, 
before the latter had actually died. 

In certain localities the infection of fishes by the parasite 
reaches an almost epidemic character. Thus Duchamp* records 
that in the seven or eight years prior to 1876 the tench in certain 
lakes had been dying in hundreds of thousands, causing consider- 
able financial loss, while in some years also the gudgeon were 
very commonly affected. It is stated that so frequent at one 
time was Schistocephalus in the sticklebacks of the waters 
round Berlin, that practically one out of every two of these 
fishes harboured the parasite. 

As regards distribution, Ligula occurs chiefly among the 
Cyprinoid fishes, ¢.g., the carp, the tench, the gudgeon, the 
minnow, the bleak, and the roach. It has also been recorded 
trom the perch, the pike, the pike-perch, the cat-fish, the salmon, 
the trout, the lamprey. and some other fishes.; Schistoce- 
phalus, on the other hand, appears to be confined to the stickle- 
back. 

T cannot find any data regarding the occurrence of the 
Liguline in the West of Scotland, except a note from Mr. J. M. 
B. Taylor, that several years ago he placed in the Paisley 


* Quoted in Bronn, l.c., p. 1049. 
+ Von. Linstow, Zoolog. Anzeiger. /.c. 


GEMMILL—Specimen or LicuLa sIMPLiciIssimMA, Rupoupat. | 1 


Museum some parasitic worms from the abdominal cavity of 
sticklebacks caught in a pond at Lounsdale, Gleniffer, Renfrew- 
shire. And in June of this year Mr. Taylor sent me a three- 
spined stickle with distended abdominal cavity, obtained 
recently from the Lounsdale pond. On examination I found 
the distention due to two specimens of the parasite peculiar to 
the stickleback, viz., Schistocephalus dimorphus, Creplin. 

It may be mentioned that, among all the birds, those which 
obtain their food in the water are in general the most liable to 
Cestode infection, and it will readily be seen that the Liguline are 
adapted particularly to have as their hosts the fishes and the 
water-birds. As the latter swallow their rood whole, the parasite 
ean afford to reach a size and degree of organisation in its earlier 
host that would be useless or harmful did it have to pass the 
ordeal of mastication. The high temperature of the bird hosts, 
and the rich nature of their food, will provide a_ powerful 
stimulus for the final stage of ripening of the parasite, while the 
habits of the birds will ensure for the fertilised eggs an excellent 
chance of reaching water in which they may develope, and in 
their turn become established as larvee within the body cavity of 
fishes. 

In the human subject, the occurrence of “strap-worms ” 
in the connective tissue spaces, and in the serous cavities, 
is well known, and formerly these parasites were described as 
Ligule, but they are now referred to quite different genera. At 
the same time, since under experimental conditions a Ligula may 
reach maturity within the body cavity of the dog, the species can 
hardly be excluded from the list of possible human parasites. 

In conclusion, it has to be stated that the specimen of 
Ligula exhibited to this Society differs from the typical larva 
at -the ‘end of its stay in the fish, in the following points— 
(1) Two small suckers can already be made out on the head ; (2) 
there is already in the fore part of the body a considerable 
degree of external segmentation. About 40 small. but fairly 
regular notches, are present along each edge of the body in its 
anterior third. This region is also transversely wrinkled across 
the flat surfaces, but the wrinkles do not always correspond with 
the notching, nor are they always continuous across the whole 
breadth of the surfaces. The length of the spirit specimen is 


12 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


four inches, the breadth a quarter of an inch, and the thickness 
a sixteenth. The specimen when obtained was broken into two 
parts, a Jarge anterior and a small posterior one. 

The two Schistocephali from the stickleback sent to me by 
Mr. Taylor (exhibited at this Society’s meeting on 30th 
November, 1909), measure three-fifths of an inch in length, 
a quarter of an inch in greatest breadth, and a sixteenth in 
thickness. They are almost elliptical in shape when the flat 
surface is looked at, and they are definitely divided into rather 
more than eighty segments. The suckers, however. are not yet 
visible, and the anterior cleft is indistinct. 


§ The minnow, which was the host of the Ligula simplicissima, 
was taken from a small stream near Greenock on 22nd ult. | May, 
1909], and kept in a large glass jar along with other two minnows 
taken at same time. It was puffed out at time of capture. The 
swelling was rather nearer the tail, and quite close to ventral 
surface ; in fact, the fish had a comical, prism-like appearance. 
Three days before it died it sometimes made sudden darts round 
the jar as if pursued ; at other times it appeared quite sluggish, and 
came near the surface of the water. When it took these fits I 
placed the jar under a tap, which seemed to settle it a little, and 
I was hoping that it would recover. It died on 8th inst.—16 
days after capture. At first it was quite greedy, but not latterly. 
When placed in an earthenware basin daily, while the jar was 
being cleaned, it did not change colour so much, and became 
almost transparent like the others. When dead it lay at bottom 
of jar in usual position in life—dorsal surface upwards. I 
poured water into the jar to see if it would turn over, but it 
always settled in same position. The pectoral fins were at right 
angles to the body, which gave it the appearance of having died 
of shock. It was left 14 hours in the jar after death. On 
making a slight cut on ventral surface near the tail, the worm 
was found just under the skin; it was in two parts (at least, I 
do not think I cut it). The larger part expanded and contracted 
once or twice in a somewhat sluggish manner. When extended 
it was four inches long. and the minnow was only two inches. 
It was pure white, and rather flat. Roughly, the worm was 
about one-third the weight of the minnow.—Note from Mr. Thos. 
Anderson, Greenock. 


GARRY—FRESH-wATER ALG# OF THE CLYDE AREA. 13 


Some Recent Additions to the Fresh-water Algz of the 
Clyde Area. 


By Ropert Garry. 


[ Read 28th September, 1909.] * 


THE Clyde area appears to be peculiarly rich in fresh-water alge, 
and a number of observers, most of whom were connected with 
this society, have pretty thoroughly explored the whole district. 

The results of their labours are to be found in the list of species 
of fresh-water alge contained in the Fauna and Flora of the 
Clyde Area (1901). 

In spite of the thorough nature of their work, a good many 
species yet remain to be recorded in this district. 

Until recently observers were handicapped by the paucity and 
unsatisfactory nature of the literature on this branch of botany ; 
but since the publication of the treatise on the British Fresh- 
water Alge by G. S. West, M.A., F.L.S., the difficulty, so far as 
concerns the identification of the genera, no longer exists. As 
for the species it is quite another matter. There is no book 
at present that will enable an observer to recognise the species 
of all the alge which he is likely to meet with, even in a 
very limited district. The great work of Dr. Cooke is now, to a 
large extent, out of date. 

It is to be hoped that a work,—on the lines of the British 
Desmidiacee of the Messrs. West, at present being published by 
the Ray Society, but dealing with the British fresh-water alge as 
a whole,—will be undertaken by these authors when their present 
task 1s accomplished. 

The eight species of algze referred to below have not previously 
been recorded for the Clyde area. 

' Mr. W. West, F.L.S., kindly identified them for me. 

Bulbochete mirabilis (Wittr.).—This alga was found in a 
marsh near the Mouse Water, Cleghorn. It occurred along with 
various species of Zygnema, Mougeotia, Spirogyra, and 
CEdogonium. 

Two species only of Bulbochete are recorded in the Fauna and 
Flora of Clyde, 1901. Mr. Geo. Lunam and I have found that the 
genus is pretty widely distributed, but so far only one species 
new to the area has been identified. 


14 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Microthamnion Kutzingianum (Nag.).—This species was 
found in very small quantity in marshy ground on Ailsa Craig. 
It was found along with species of Microspora and Mougeotia. 

Miecrospora fioccosa (Vauch.),—The genus Microspora is 
widely distributed in the Clyde area, but only two out of the three 
common British species are recorded in the Yauna and Flora 
of Clyde. Microspora floccosa was obtained in ditches near Fence 
Bay, Fairlie. It is probably very widely distributed in the district. 

Spirogyra bellis (Hassali).—This alga was collected from a 
ditch near Calder Glen, Lochwinnoch, and from Loch Libo. In 
the last-mentioned locality it was present in great abundance. 
In both cases it was in the vegetative stage. I have not yet 
succeeded in obtaining the plant in zygospore: 

Spirogyra nitida (Dillw.).—This species was found in a 
marsh in North Dougalston Woods, near Milngavie, also in St. 
Germain’s Loch, Bearsden, in both cases in the vegetative stage. 

The Genus Spirogyra is well represented in the Clyde area, 
eleven out of the twenty British species being recorded for the 
district. It appears strange that there are no records of the 
occurrence of so widely distributed a species as Spirogyra nitida, 
Spirogyra bellis is a much rarer species. 

Choaspis stictica (Eng. Bot.) 0. Kunze.—In the genus 
Choaspis there is only one British species, and no records are 
given in the Fawna and Flora of Clyde. Specimens of the plant 
in the vegetative stage were obtained in April at Dunure 
(Ayr), while examples in Zygospore were got in Murroch Glen 
(Dumbarton), in September. In both cases the alga was found 
on wet rocks. It is easily distinguished from the other species 
of the Conjugatze by its pale colour, and by the absence of the 
shmy outer coat. 

Spirotenia condensata (Bréb.).—This is a widely dis- 
tributed desmid, but so far there is no previous record of its 
occurrence in the Clyde area. Specimens were obtained from 
roadside ditches near Balmaha (Loch Lomond), and from ditches 
on the Golf Course, Milngavie. 

Desmidium Swartzii (Ag.).—This desmid was obtained 
along with the last-mentioned species at Balmaha. It was also 
got in marshy ground near the Falls of Falloch, Glen Falloch. 
In both cases it was found in small quantity. It seems to be a 
comparatively rare species. 


DA VIDSON—FREsH-WATER PoLyzoon, CRISTATELLA MUCEDO. 15 


The Fresh-water Polyzoon Cristate//a mucedo 
from Kilmacolm. 


By W. Cameron Davipson. 
[Read 28th September, 1909. ] 


On the 28th of August my brother brought me a small but 
healthy colony of Cristatella mucedo from a little moorland burn, 
and when I visited the spot a few days later, I was surprised to 
- find that the bottom of the burn for a short stretch of three or 
four yards, was very thickly sprinkled with the colonies, small 
patches of stone being in places almost entirely covered by them. 

The burn is quite small, being roughly only two or three feet 
across, and it flows at quite a moderate speed. It is subject to 
sudden spates, as it arises from a large marsh called ‘The Moss.” 
The Cristatella occurred most plentifully just at the origin of the 
burn from the marsh, but there were occasional small colonies to 
be found on stones and weeds for about two hundred yards down 
the burn. 

The majority of the colonies were found on stones, and 
generally on their upper surfaces, though occasionally under- 
neath them, while a few were found on the stems and leaves 
of the water plants bordering the stream. 

Most of the colonies are large, some being almost two inches 
long, and the individual zooids were always well expanded and 
contained a lot of food in their alimentary canals, except in the 
case of the older colonies, some of which were beginning to die 
down and disintegrate, as they normally do on the approach of 
winter. A conspicuous character of Cristatella—best seen in 
the older specimens—is the large number of “statoblasts,” the 
curious asexual winter eggs which are developed from an internal 
bud. When the colony dies and breaks up, these float to the 
surface and adhere to weeds and stones by their projecting 
spines. 

There are two main points in which Cristatella differs from 
nearly all other Polyzoa: the first is that the colony, as a whole, 


16 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


has a very well marked power of movement, as it can move about 
an inch per day. I think the only other species of Polyzoa which 
has a distinct power of movement is Lophopus crystallinus, a 
specimen of which I got in Possil Marsh last Christmas. When 
scraped off a stone o1 twig the Cristatella colony will slowly 
coil up on itself like a caterpillar. The second difference is its 
preference for running water instead of slow streams or stagnant 
pools. ‘This is well exemplified by my specimens, some colonies 
of which were living in rapid swirls of water. 


On a New British Marine Amphipod. 


By ALEXANDER PaTrence. 


[Read 26th October, 1909. ] 


THE species about to be described was taken from the hairs on 
the sternum of the common lobster (Astacus gammarus, Linn. ) by 
Mr. Richard Elmhirst, Director of the Marine Biological Station, 
Millport, during the late spring, and the interest attached to it 
lies probably not so much in any specific peculiarity as in the 
novelty of its habitat, and to the fact that the genus which 
embraced hitherto but a single species now opens its doors to 
give hospitality to a newcomer after a lapse of eighty years. 
The lobsters were taken in the ordinary lobster-creel, off the 
south-east coast of the Great Cumbrae, and the amphipods were 
found clinging to their host in the eleven specimens examined. 
Its congener, Isa montagui, M. Edw., has been found only on 
the back and branchial chambers of Mamaia sqguinado (Herbst). 
That crab, however, has not been found in the West of Scotland 
seas. True, it is stated to have been dredged on the west side of 
Bute and also off Ardrossan, and a specimen was exhibited by Dr. 
Fleming to the Natural History Society of Glasgow in J anuary, 
1878, which was said to have been taken off Dunoon. Professor 
J. R. Henderson, however, remarks about these records—‘‘ From 
the fact that this crab is in Britain almost confined to the south 


PATIENCE—NeEw British Marine AMPHIPOD. ie 


coast, it seems probable that some other species may have been 
mistaken—possibly Lithodes maia.”* I have but little doubt 
that this is the case, for, if it were a denizen of these seas, it is 
unlikely that it could have escaped the nets of the ‘“ Medusa” 
and “Garland,” and latterly of the ‘“ Mermaid,” which has been 
actively dredging in the Clyde during the past six or seven years. 


Famity Is#ID&. 
1906. Jsceide, Stebbing, Das Tierreich; Amphipoda gammaridea, 
Lieferung 2i, p. 630. 

In the above reference it is stated “ pereeopods, 3rd-5th, equal.” 
A slight modification will however be necessary as the third 
perseopod of both species now included in the family is somewhat 
shorter than the succeeding two. 


Genus Isma, MiLNe-EpWarps. 
1830. Jsea, H. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Vol. 20, p. 
1862. Jswa, Bate, Cat. Amphi. Brit. Mus., p. 122, t. 22. F. 
1893. Iscea, A Delle Valle, F. Fl. Neapel, Vol. 20, p. 679. 
1906. Jscea, Stebbing, Das Tierreich ; Amphipoda Gammaridea, 
Lieferung 21, p. 630. 


380 
1 


Iscea elmhirsti, sp. n. (preliminary description in “ Glasgow 
Naturalist,” Vol. I., Pt. 4, pp. 134-135, September, 
1909). 

I. elmhirsti, although showing a general resemblance to J. 
montagui, is, however, sharply separated from it in several 
important points of structure, and the differences between the 
two species may be better appreciated if set forth in parallel 
columns. 

Regarding the structure generally, the body in J. elmhirsti is 
more ‘compressed, and the antennz are comparatively longer, 
while the pereopods are shorter and much less spinous than in 
I. montagui. 


Is#a ELMHIRSTI. Is#A MONTAGUI. 
Lateral lobes of head more 
acutely produced than in J. 
montagur. 


* Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glas., Vol. I. (N. Ser.), p. 327. 
B 


18 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Hyes small, oval, very dark 
crimson, changing to black 
very shortly after immersion 
in formaline. 


Antenna 2, slightly shorter 
than upper, ultimate joint of 
peduncle as long or slightly 
longer than penultimate, flagel- 
lum 9-jointed 

Mandible, 3rd joint of palp 
much shorter than 2nd. 


Gnathopod 2, g 2nd joint 
more robust than in 9 front 
margin double, the 
border produced forwards to 
a pointed process; hind margin 
of 6th joint much more than 
half the length of front, palm, 
in adult specimens, with five 
prominent teeth, four of which 
The 2 with 
which are less 


inner 


are denticulate. 
four teeth 
prominent and none denticu- 
late, the defining tooth sup- 
ported by two stout spines. 

Pereopods | and 2, palm of 
6th joint only feebly spinous. 

Pereopod 3, 2nd joint longer 
than broad, distal two-thirds 
of posterior margin obliquely 
straight, posterior lobe 
rounded, palm of 6th joint 
feebly spinous. 

Pereopods 4 and 5, 2nd 
joint oblong oval in form, pos- 
terior margin gently convex. 


#yes much larger than in 
I. elmhirsti, reniform, visual 
elements distinct, bright crim- 
son, retaining colour long after 
immersion in formaline. 

Antenna 2, ultimate joint of 
peduncle somewhat 
th&n penultimate. 


shorter 


Mandible, 3rd joint of palp 
as long or nearly as long as 
2nd. 

Gnathopod 2, 6th joint 
ovate, the palm greatly oblique 
and waved; more densely 
setose than in JL. elmhirsti ; 
hind margin not more than 
half the length of front. 


Pereopods 1 and 2, palm of 
6th joint very strongly spinous. 

Pereopod 3, 2nd joimt as 
broad as long, both margins 
strongly convex, the anterior 
margin beset with about twelve 
strong spines, palm of 6th joint 
very strongly spinous. 

Perceopods 4 and 5, 2nd joint 
broadest at about proximal 
third, distal half of posterior 
margin slightly insinuate. 


THE GLasaow NATURALIST, VOL. II. PLATE I. 


ee 


ALEXANDER PATIENCE, del. 


ISAEA. 


4 
a4 


ww SS 


THe GLasaow Natura ist, VoL. II. . PLATE II. 


ALEXANDER PATIENCE, del. 


ISAEA. 


,PATIENCE—New British Marine AMPHIPOD. 19 


9 


Pleon Segment 3, lateral Pleon Segment 3, posterior 
corner terminating in a blunt edge waved. 
tooth, posterior edge evenly 
curved and smooth. 


Colour of the living animal, yellowish-brown, speckled with 
dark spots, which, on the body, have a dendritic appearance ; the 
antenn and last three joints of pereeopods usually devoid of dark 
pigment. 

Length of adult male and female, about 8 mm. 


EXPLANATORY OF PLATE I. 


1,—Cephalon and antenne of [scea elmhirstt. 


2.—Ilst gnathopod of do. 
3.—2nd gnathopod of do. 
3*.—Palm of 6th joint of 2nd gnathopod of do. 
4,—I1st perzeopod of do. 
5.— Mandible of do. 


1*,—Cephalon and antenne of Isa montagqut. 

2*,—Last two joints of 2nd gnathopod of do. 

Figs. 1-5 are from male specimen of J. edmiirsti measuring about 7.5mm. 

Figs. 1* and 2* are from female specimen of J. montagu: measuring 
about 6 mm., and are magnified on a higher scale. 


EXPLANATORY OF PLATE II. 


1.—3rd perxopod of £. edmhirstv. 

2,—4th do. do. 

3.—5dth do. do. 

4.—Pleon-segment 3, do. 

1*.—3rd perzopod of J. montagui. 

1*x.—Last two joints of do. (more highly magnified). 

2*.—4th perzeopod of do. 

3*.—Pleon-seement 3, do. 

Figs. 1*-2* are magnified on a higher scale. Figs. 4 and 3* are from 
smaller specimens. 


Note.—Since the above was read before the Society Mr. Elmhirst has 
been able to send me specimens of /. elmhirsti which were taken from 
lobsters exposed for sale in a fishmonger’s shop in St. Andrews on the 
east of Scotland, which had been recently caught off that coast. A careful 
comparison with West of Scotland specimens revealed no appreciable 
difference in structure nor in the type of coloration, 


20 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Notes on the Summer-Birds of Shiskin, 
Arran, 1909. 


By T. THornron MACKEITH. 


[Read 26th October, 1909. ] 


The summer of 1909 will long be remembered by most of us 
as one of the coldest we ever experienced. The month of June 
was for the most part dry. with bright sunshine, but bitterly cold 
winds prevailed most of the time, especially at nights. July, on 
the other hand, was a wet month, and also very cold. Such 
adverse conditions must in some measure account for the absence 
or relative scarcity of some of the smaller birds. Of the tits, 
for instance, only one was observed—the coal-tit—and only one 
bird at that. The willow-wren was little in evidence till the 
warm days arrived which ushered in August. 

The most interesting feature of the year in the area under 
consideration was the great abundance of the grasshopper- 
warbler. Every hedgerow throughout the district contained a 
singer of its unmusical song. Doubtless there would be as many 
females as males, thus giving a very large total. The area to 
which these notes apply is within the following boundaries :— 
The Machrie Water on the north, to the Sliddery Water on the 
south ; a line drawn between the sources of these two streams on 
the east, to Kilbrannan Sound on the west—in all, about eight 
or nine square miles. This area includes Machrie, Torbeg, 
Shedog, Blackwaterfoot, North and South Feorline, and Kil- 
patrick, which are all included in the general name ‘Shiskin.” 
The greater part of this country is mountain and moor, the 
valleys alone being cultivated The exact period under observa- 
tion is from May 29th till August 2nd, 1909. ‘The total number 
of species in the following list is 88. Of these I personally 
observed 75. The notes upon the remainder were, in the main, 
supplied by Mr. M‘Hardy, gamekeeper. Kilpatrick, whom I 
desire to thank for the kind suggestions and help received. 

Species marked with an asterisk (*) I did not observe myself, 


Le 


MACK EITH—WNotes on SumMER-Birps oF SHISKIN. 21 


Misset-Turusu (Z'wrdus viscivorus).—Is not by any means 
plentiful. 

Sone-Turusy (7. musicus).—Abundant, but not so much so as 
the following species. 

Biacksirp (7. merula).—Very abundant. 

Rine-Ouzex (7. torquatus).—Once or twice seen near Corrie- 
cravie. 

WuHeEatTEAR (Saxicola ewnanthe).—A fairly plentiful species. 
They became very conspicuous when the young began to fly. 

Wuinconat (Pratincola rubetra).—Only a few birds were seen. 

Reppreast (Hrithacus rubecula).—Common. 

WauirtetHRoar (Sy/via cinerea).—Fairly common. 

GARDEN-WARBLER (Sylvia hortensis).—Seen and heard several 
times. 

Cuirrcuarr (Phylloscopus rufus).—Only heard in song once. 

Witiow-WeeN (P. trochilus).—Only an odd bird was to be 
seen until August Ist, when they were abundant everywhere. 

Sepen-WarsieER (Acrocephalus phragmitis).—Only a few birds 
were heard singing. 

GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER (Locustella nevia).—By far the most 
abundant warbler in the district. There must have been ten of 
these birds to one of any of the other warblers. ; 

Hepce-Sparrow (Accentor modularis)—Common. Some of 
these birds were almost black—much darker in colour than I 
have ever seen them elsewhere. 

Dipper (Cinclus aquaticus).—Not common, but was found on 
most of the larger streams. 

Coat-Tirmouse (Parus ater).—Only one bird was seen, in the 
plantation near the burying-ground. 

WRN (Troglodytes parvulus).—-Common. 

Piep ‘\aerain (Motacilla lwgubris).—Common. 

Grey Waerait (I. melanope).—Only a few were seen. 

TREE-Prpir (Anthus trivialis).—Fairly common. 

Meapow-Pirir (A. pratensis).—Not nearly so common as I 
have seen it inland. 

Rock-Pipir (A. obscwrus).—By far the most abundant bird 
along the shore. 

Sporrep FrycatcHer (Muscicapa grisola).—Seen only once 
near Shedog. 


ee eS 


" 
ye 


22 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Swattow (Hirundo rustica).—Common. 

Martin (Chelidon urbica).— Relatively a scarce bird. 

*Sanp-Martin (Cottle riparva).—A nesting species. 

GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris).—Common. 

House-Sparrow (Passer domesticus).—Common. 

TrREE-SparRow (P. montanus).—Observed nesting in the ivy- 
covered cliffs south of Kilpatrick Point. 

Cuarrincy (fringilla celebs).— Common. 

*Twire (Linota flavirostris).—Said to nest on the moors. 

Buiirincy (Pyrrhula europwa).—Seen several times. I was 
told by a local man that this bird is very abundant in winter. 

Corn-Buntine (HLmberiza miliaria).—Only seen once. 

YeELLow-Buntine (#. citrinella).—Very abundant. By far 
the commonest bird by the roadsides. I was told that this bird 
is absent in winter. 

STARLING (Sturnus vulgaris).— Common. 

JACKDAW (Corvus monedula).—Abundant. 

*RavEN (C. corax).—Nests in area. 

*Carrion-Crow (C. corone).—Nests in area. 

*Hoopgp Crow (C. cornix).—Nests in area. 

Rook (C. frugilegus).— Mostly seen inland. 

SkyLark (Alauda arvensis),—Fairly common. 

Swirt Cypselus apus).—Only seen once. 

Nicgutyar (Caprimulgus ewropeus).—Heard at dusk in the 
first week of June. We heard it fairly regularly on till 11th 
July, which is the last record. 

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus).—Fairly common. 

*Barn-Ow. (Strix flammea).—Nests in area. 

*LONG-EARED OWL (Asio otus).—Nests in area. 

SHORT-EARED OWL (Asvo accipitrinus).—I must have been very 
near either the nest or young of this species, judging by the 
behaviour of the bird. It nests regularly in the area. 

Tawny Own (Syrnium aluco).—Heard several times. 

*Hen-Harrier (Circus cyaneus).—Nests regularly in the area. 

*GOLDEN EAGLE (Aguila chrysaétus).—Nests in the area. 

*Sparrow-Hawk (dccipiter nisus).—Nests annually. 

*PEREGRINE FaLcon (Malco peregrinus).—Nests amongst the 
hills. 

*MeERLIN (/’. esalon).—Nests in area. 


4 


4 
if 
{ 
| 
4 


MACK EITH—Nores on Summer-birps or SHISKIN. 23 


Kestre. /. finnunculus).—Several were seen near Corrie- 
cravie. Nests. 

Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo).—Regularly found along the 
shore. 

Suae (P. graculus).—Also observed feeding by the shore. 

Gannet (Sula bassana).—A common fisher in the Sound. 

Common Heron (Ardea cinerea).—Common along the shore. 

Common Suetp-vuck (V'adorna cornuta).—An abundant species 
along the shore. I saw thirty adult birds in one flock, also three 
broods of young birds. 

Matzarp (Anas boscas)—Common. 

TEAL (Querquedula crecca).—Seen once. 

Turtep Duck (Fuligula cristata.—Seen several times. 

ReED-BREASTED MeErGanser (Wergus serrator).—A few were 
seen. 

Rine-Dove (Columba palumbus).—Fairly common. 

Srock-Dove (C. enas).—About thirty pairs were found nest- 
ing in the ivy-covered cliffs between Kilpatrick Point and 
Corriecravie. 

Rock-Dove (Columba livia).— Abundant. 

*Biack Grouse (7'etrao tetrix).—Nests within the area. 

Rep Grouse (Lagopus scoticus).—Common. 

PHEASANT (Phasianus colchicus).—Only a few birds were seen, 
and these mostly males. 

Common PartrinGe (Perdix cinerea).—Fairly common. Only 
one nest was found, containing twelve eggs. 

Lanp-Ratu (Crex pratensis).—The well-known “crake” of this 
bird was heard in the early days of June. Then it ceased. It 
was once more heard on July 16th. From that date onwards it 
never ceased. On 2nd August, the day we left Arran, I heard 
three birds at one time. 

*MooruEN (Gallinula chloropus).—Fairly common. 

Rineep Piover (Lgialitis hiaticula).—Abvundant. So far as 
I could judge laying was only beginning with this bird in early 
June. 

GoLDEN Puover (Charadrius pluvialis).—Seen, but still more 
frequently heard on the stretch of moorland lying between 
Shedog and Machrie. ; 

Lapwine (Vanellus vulgaris).—Common. 


24 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


OystER-CatcHEeR (Hamatopus ostralegus).—Very common all 
round the shore. In all I must have found about thirty nests 
between Machrie and Sliddery. One nest, only, contained four 
eggs. 

Woopcock (Scolopax rusticula).—Only a few were seen, 
four being seen at one time. It nests in the area. 

Common SNIPE (Gallinago celestis).—Fairly common in all suit- 
able spots. 

Common SanppipeR (Yotanus hypolewcus)—Common as a 
nesting species all along the shore. 

Common RepsHank (7. calidris). 
the shore line, both of which were as open as any of the Oyster- 
catchers. All the nests I have found inland have been well 
concealed. 

Common CurRLEW (Numenius arquata).—This is one of the 
commonest birds everywhere. Flocks of thirty and forty were 
frequently seen. 

Common TERN (Sterna fluviatilis).—It is quite a common sight 
to see this graceful bird fishing close in to shore. One day I saw 
two adult birds with a young bird between them sitting on rock 
basking in the sun (August Ist.) 

Buack-Heapep Gui (Larus ridibundus).—Very rarely met 
with during our stay. 

Common Gutu (LZ, canus).—The term “common” certainly 
applies to this species in the area under observation. Therein 
it is far and away the commonest gull. I found one nesting 
colony. 

Herrine Guin (L. argentatus).— Abundant. 

LessEr BLACK-BACKED GULL (L. fuscus).—Common, but not so 
abundant as the preceding species. 

Great BLack-BACKED GuLL (L. marinus).—Observed several 
times, mostly always in pairs. 

Kirriwake (Rissa tridactyla). Abundant. 


That the foregoing list is capable of expansion there can be no 
doubt. A more careful examination of the better wooded parts 
will almost certainly yield the great, blue and long tailed tits, 
while I am not reconciled to the total absence of the stonechat 
and reed-bunting. 


‘ 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 25 


Proceedings of the Society. 


Tue first meeting of the fifty-ninth session of the Society took 
place on 28th September, 1909, Mr. John Paterson, President, in 
the chair. 

Messrs. J. F. Scott, 6 Rupert Street, Hugh W. Wilson, 592 
Pollokshaws Road, Wm. 8S. Kirkhope, 197 West Princes Street, 
Glasgow, and William M‘Leod, Flloyd Street, Coatbridge, were 
elected as ordinary members of the Society. 

Excursions to Perceton (p. 27), Kelburne Castle (p. 28), Lee 
Castle, and Rowallan Castle were reported on. 

Mr. John Cairns, Jr., exhibited Hohewria populnea, A. Cann.., 
var. lanceolata, from Kelburne Castle. This plant is particularly 
referred to in the report on the excursion to that place (p. 28). 

Mr. Alex. Ross exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Alex. Stevenson, 
Corallorhiza innata, R. Br., which had been found growing on 
the moist grassy flats of Nobel’s works at Ardeer, Ayrshire. 
This very rare species had only previously been found in the 
West of Scotland in another locality, also in Ayrshire. 

Mr. W. Cameron Davidson exhibited living specimens of a 
fresh water polyzoon (Cristatella mucedo) from Kilmacolm, and 
read some notes on its occurrence and economy (p. 15). 

Mr. Robert Dunlop showed Asemum striatum, L., a longicorn 
beetle from Shewalton (Ayr), an occurrence of some importance, 
as it has not been recorded for some years past. It has been 
found in various parts of Scotland, but is unknown in England 
and Ireland. 

Mr. W. R. Baxter exhibited the following fungi from Brodick :— 
Amanita muscarius, A. rubescens, A. vaginatus, Armillaria 
melleus, Clitocybe laccatus, Collybia laceratus, Pholiota curvipes, 
Flammula alnicola, F. sapineus, Stropharia cruginosus, 
Hypholoma sublateritius, H. capnoides, H. epiwanthus, H. fasci- 
cularis, Paneolus campanulatus, Coprinus comatus, Paxillus 
involutus, Hygrophorus calyptreformis, Lactarius dlennius, 
L. theiogalus, L. rufus, L. glyciosmus, L. volemus, Russula 
cyanoxantha, Cantharellus cibarius, Lentinus cochleatus, Boletus 
luridus, Polyporus betulinus, P. annosus, Clararia cinerea, 
C. cristata. These were identified and named by Mr. William 


le ae 


See 


26 THE GLASGOW. NATURALIST. 


Stewart. Panus torulosus, also exhibited by Mr. Baxter, from 
Brodick, and identified by Dr. Plowright, is new to the Clyde 
area. 

A living specimen of the German cockroach (Phyllodromia 
germanica, L.), a female with egg-purse attached, taken in a shop 
in Argyle Street, Glasgow, was shown by Mr. John E. Murphy. 
A few years ago this species was of somewhat rare occurrence, 
but now it may be found connected with certain industries 
almost over the whole city. 

Mr. Robert Garry, B.Sc., read a paper on “Some recent 
Additions to the Fresh-water Algz of the Clyde Area” (p. 13). 


The Fifty-eighth Annual General Meeting of the Society took 
place at 207 Bath Street on 26th October, 1909, Mr. John 
Paterson, President, in the chair. The Honorary Secretary 
(Mr. A. Ross) read the report of the Council on the work of 
the Society during the preceding year, which showed that the 
membership of the Society was 245, made up as follows :— 
honorary members, 16 ; corresponding, 34 ; life, 17 ; annual, 178. 
In addition, there are 10 associates. During the session 16 
ordinary members and cone associate were admitted, and 13 
members and 7 associates removed from the roll. The session 
covered by the report was very successful, the papers and exhibits 
submitted being numerous and important. Twelve excursions 
took place during the year, and the attendance was above the 
average of recent years. Considering the importance and interest 
of the contributions to the meetings it was thought the latter 
should have been better attended. The Honorary Treasurer (Mr. 
John Renwick) submitted his annual abstract statement of 
accounts for the past session, which was approved (page 32). A 
satisfactory report on the Society’s Library which continues to be 
largely availed of, was made by the Honorary Librarian (Mr. 
James Mitchell), and Mr. D. A. Boyd, Honorary Editor of 
Transactions, submitted a report on the Society’s publications. 
The closing part of the “‘ New Series” of the Society’s Transaction 
and Proceedings is expected to be issued in two or three months. 
The Society’s publication has now been altered to a quarterly 
journal called “The Glasgow Naturalist,” which has appeared 
regularly during the past year. 


EXCURSIONS. po 


The election of office-bearers resulted in Mr. J. R. Thomson 
being appointed a vice-president, and Messrs. Thos. Anderson, 
Robert Garry, B.Sc.,-Alexander Patience, and Hugh W. Wilson 
members of council. 

Messrs. James Jack and Joseph Somerville were reappointed 
as auditors. 

Mr. D. Pearson, who had been connected with the Society for 
thirty years as an ordinary member, was elected as an honorary 
member, on the recommendation of the Council. 

Messrs. A. Douglas M/‘Call, Carloch, Garelochhead, and 
William M. Pettigrew, 245 Saracen Street, Possilpark, were 
elected ordinary members of the Society. ; 

Mr. W. R. Baxter showed fifty lantern slides from photographs 
of fungi im situ. This collection Mr. Baxter kindly presented to 
the society. The slides were greatly admired for their interest 
and technical excellence. Although the species represented were, 
for the most part familiar, it included the rare Panus torulosus 
before mentioned (p. 26) and Haidia glandulosa from Gareloch- 
head, which is seldom met with in “Clyde.” Mr. Alexander 
Patience read a paper “On a new British Marine Amphipod, 
Isea elmhirsti” (p. 16). Mr. William Rennie read another— 
“ Notes on the Sedge-Warbler (Acrocephalus phragmitis) at Possil 
Marsh, in 1908 and 1909 (p. 1), and Mr. T. Thornton MacKeith 
read one entitled “Notes on the Summer Birds of Shiskin, 
Arran” (p. 20). 


EXCURSIONS. 


Perceton, Irvine, 14th August, 1909.—Mr. Archibald Shanks, 
Conductor. A party, numbering a dozen, visited Perceton on 
the afternoon of this date. On a wall near Stane Castle 
Asplenium Ruta-muraria was abundant, and further on 
Botrychium Lunaria is known to occur on the roadside, but the 
vegetation was too dense at this advanced season to find it in 
passing. The gardener at Perceton kindly conducted the party 
over the charming gardens there. In a pond Acorus Calamus 
and T'ypha latifolia were observed. Mr. John Renwick measured 
a few of the notable trees on the estate as follows :—Liriodendron 


28 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Tulipifera near lodge, girth of trunk, 8 feet 3 inches at 1] foot 
3 inches, increase in three years, 2°75 inches =‘91 inch per annum, 
divides into two stems at 2 feet, which measure respectively 
in circumference at 5 feet, 4 feet 44 inches. and 4 feet 14 inches, 
an increase in each stem of 1 inch=°33 inch per annum; Acer 
Pseudo-platanus in a field, girth of trunk, 14 feet 6 inches 
at 4 feet 6 inches, bole 12 feet; Robinia Pseudacacia, bole 20 
feet, girth of trunk, 5 feet 1? inches at 5 feet, increase in 3 
years, } inch="25 yearly; Fraximus excelsior, a magnificent 
tree near some oflices on the estate, with a bole of 12 feet and a 
girth of trunk of 15 feet 64 inches at.5 feet ; Ulmus campestris 
bole 30 feet, girth 10 feet at 5 feet, increase 3 inches in three 
years; another of this species, bole 24 feet, girth 11 feet 6 
inches at 5 feet, increase in three years, | inch=-33 inch yearly. 


KELBURN CasTLE, Farriie, 21st August, 1909.—Mr John 
Cairns, Conductor, Twenty-eight members and friends were 
present at this excursion. The weather was very fine, and a 
pleasant afternoon was spent in the Pleasure Grounds and 
Gardens, which are kept in very fine condition. 

A large number of interesting trees and shrubs were noted, 
amongst which may be mentioned Pinus insignis, which has a 
girth of 11 feet 84 inches at 4 feet. When last measured in 
1890 it was 7 feet 10 inches, an increase of 3 feet 104 inches. 
Specimens of this pine of a size like the present one are not at 
all common in our district. In Veitch’s Manual of the Coniferae 
it is described under the name of P. radiata, and it is there 
stated that—‘ The value of Pinus radiata as a subject-for British 
Arboriculture is restricted to the area which may be roughly 
defined to be that part of England south of the Thames and west 
of the Severn, Ireland, generally, and the south-western counties 
of Scotland. Within this area it is one of the stateliest and most 
ornamental of pines ; beyond it, it is liable to be injured by frosts, 
and is often killed by them.” 

A specimen of Cupressus macrocarpa was measured, and 
found to be 9 feet 14 inch at 2 feet 6 inches. It is a rapidly 
growing tree, and varies in habit from broadly pyramidal, with 
long spreading branches, to strictly fastigiate with erect 
branches. In its native habit, old trees become tabuliform, like 
the Cedar of Lebanon. 


EXCURSIONS. 29 


The following yews were also measured :—Yew, north tree of 
pair (male), 12 feet 44 inches at 2 feet 6 inches ; bole, 53 feet. 
Yew, south tree of pair (female), 12 feet 1 inch at 2 feet 6 inches ; 
bole, 7 feet. This pair is in the pleasaunce. Yew, near house, 
10 feet 64 inches at 2 feet 6 inches ; bole, 13 feet. 

A large number of silver-firs have been planted throughout 
the grounds, and in the glen the largest specimen measured is 
one near the monument—girth, 13 feet 3 inches at 5 feet. 

Many large specimens of the New Zealand flax (Phormium 
tenaw) were observed. This plant seems quite at home at 
Kelburne, and this summer has flowered in great profusion. 
A fine specimen of Buddleia variabilis, var. V eitchi in flower 
attracted attention. This is a recent introduction from China, 
and isa most handsome addition to our gardens. A larch tree in 
the pleasaunce near the house measured 10 feet 94 inches at 
6 feet 4 inches on W.S.W. 

Lord Glasgow, during the time he was Governor-General of 
New Zealand, made a large collection of natural history and 
other objects, and on his return home he erected a museum for 
their reception. A short time was spent by the party making an 
inspection of the museum. 

Close by the museum a small tree was in flower, the name of 
which was unknown to the gardener, but he knew it was a native 
of New Zealand. A specimen was sent to Kew, where it was 
identified as Hoheria populnea (A. Cann), var., lanceolata. An 
interesting description of this genus is given in the ‘“ Plants of 
New Zealand,” by Laing & Blackwell. The varied names given 
by the Maoris in different districts to this plant are all said to 
spring from the same root. Whaw signifies “wrapped about,” 
“‘ netted-like lace,’ and the tree is so called from the character 
of its inner bark. The settlers name it lace-bark, ribbon-wood, 
or thousand-jacket. This inner bark is remarkably tough, and is, 
therefore, often used for cordage. The Hoheria is one of the 
most beautiful of the small trees of the forest. It is covered 
in autumn with a sheet of white starry flowers, which are often 
developed in such profusion as entirely to conceal the leaves. 
There is a large number of recognised varieties, but, as Dr. 
Cockayne has shown, Hoheria angustifolia, at least, should be 
regarded as a distinct species. The Hoheria sometimes grows to 


30 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


a height of 40 feet. The flowers are very beautiful, with snow- 


white petals, and numerous stamens. They are produced in 


fascicles in the axils of the leaves, sometimes only two or three 
together, and sometimes in bunches of twelve to twenty. The 
stamens are curiously arranged, being united, as in all the 
Malvacee, into a tube, but breaking apart again, lower still, into 


separate bundles. each of which contains five or six stamens. The ; 


fruit is dry, and the seed pendulous. The wood of the tree is 
white and very tough. It is occasionally used by cabinetmakers, 
and makes excellent firewood. 

On the invitation of Lady Glasgow the party were privileged 
to view the pictures in the castle, where tea was also served. 


Notes. 


Short Sun-fish (Ortiagoriscws mola) in Ayrshire Waters.— 
In the middle of October a short sun-fish, measuring four feet 
long by five feet three inches, and supposed to be about 2 ewts. 
in weight, was got in South Ayrshire Waters, as Mr. Andrew 
Berry of Lendalfoot informed me. A much larger one, taken off 
Greenock in 1881, is the only other Clyde record.—John Paterson. 


The Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lavponica) in East 
Renfrew.—On 26th September, 1909, I saw a_ bar-tailed 
godwit at Waulkmill Glen Dam, where it remained for at least 
a week. This is an addition to the East Renfrew list of birds, 
but the record is perhaps more interesting on account of the 
extreme paucity of records of the occurrence of this species by 
inland waters in Scotland. Waulkmill Glen, with Ryatt Linn and 
Balgray Dams, comprise the Gorbals Water-works of the Glasgow 
Corporation. By these reservoirs I have observed nineteen 
species of Limicole during the last fifteen years. It would be 
interesting to know if this number is exceeded in any similar 
inland locality in Scotland.—John Robertson. 


The Stock-Dove (Columba enas) at Blantyre.—On 11th 
April, 1909, my dog put a stock-dove off her nest, which con- 
tained one egg. This was on the rocky bluff on which Blantyre 


Notes. ail 


Priory stands. On 13th it contained two eggs. Between 13th 
and 25th I visited the nest about every alternate day, and the 
female became so tame that I could lift her off the eggs and 
again put her back. She showed no fear. A friend of mine, 
who knew the nest, was tempted on the 26th to lift the sitting 
bird, with the unfortunate result that it flew off, leaving its tail 
in his hand. This nest was forsaken. By 28th May, however, 
this pair had a nest with two eggs in an ivy-covered tree, about 
twelve feet from the ground. The tail of the hen-bird had also 
begun to grow. On 8th May two pairs had each two eggs in 
rabbit holes on the rocky bank of the Rotten Calder, near 
Calder Glen Mansion-house. By 17th they were both harried, 
and about this date a local pot-hunter had four stock-doves, 
with some wood-pigeons, in his bag. On 15th June another 
nest in an ivy-covered tree overhanging the water contained two 
half-fledged young. As late as 27th September there was yet 
another nest, fifteen feet from the ground, in a situation similar 
to that last described, also containing two half-fledged young. 
Two nests were also reported to me on the Green Hall Estate, 
High Blantyre. 

In the West Calder district of Midlothian, where my youth 
was spent, I well remember the finding of a nest, which I am 
now satisfied was a stock-dove’s. This must have been twenty- 
two to twenty-three years ago. It contained two eggs, and was 
built under a whin-bush on the very edge of an old disused 
freestone quarry. Boy-like we took it for an owl’s, and one of 
the eggs, which I still have, has a tracing of the word “owl” in 
red ink still visible-—Walter Stewart, Blantyre. 

Evidently the penalty which Scottish ornithologists must pay 
for having overlooked this species is, that they will never now 
know what they would most like to, namely, the extent to which 
it has been overlooked, so that it would be well to abate 
exuberance about “extension of range,” &c.—ds. 


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The Glasgow Waturalist 


The Journal of the NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 
OF GLASGOW 
(Including the Transactions and Proceedings of the Society, Third Series). 


Vol. II., No 2.] [February, 1910. 


William Stewart. 


Tue intimation of the death of Mr. William Stewart, which took 
place at his residence in Hillhead on 8th January, 1910, must 
have come as a painful surprise to his fellow-members in our 
Society, as it was not known generally that he had been ill. He 
last appeared as an exhibitor at the meeting on 29th June, 1909, 
and three months later he named a collection of Fungi, exhibited 
by another member. It appears that about two months before 
his death he was seized with paralysis, which deprived him of 
the power of speech, but his faculties were otherwise mercifully 
spared to him to the last. He was interred in Woodside 
Cemetery, Paisley, and is survived by a son and daughter. Mr. 
Stewart was the son of Mr. John Stewart, property agent in 
Glasgow, and was born in this city—the eldest of fourteen 
children—seventy-six years ago. He was educated at the High 
School of Glasgow, and at his death was one of the surviving 
members of Dr. Low’s class. His occupation of architect took 
him to Paisley, where he resided for several years after his 
marriage, but after the death of his wife he returned to Glasgow, 
and, for the long period of forty-five years that he remained a 
widower, he ceased to be a competitor for business, contenting 
himself with such commissions as came to him on_ personal 
grounds, and occupying himself with family business, church 
claims, and natural history investigation. Mr. Stewart was 
connected with Lansdowne U.F. Church, of which, since 1878, 
he had been an Elder, and had acted as Session-Clerk for 
thirteen years before his death. He was a Liberal in politics 
and a Temperance reformer. He took much pleasure in those 
“poetic pains which only poets know,” and has left two volumes 


of poems unpublished, 
Ce) 


34 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Mr. Stewart was one of our most faithful friends and useful 
members. He served the Society, which he joined in 1879, as 
an auditor, as a member of council, and a vice-president. He 
was one of our most regular exhibitors at the meetings of the 
Society ; frequently conducted excursions, particularly for the 
collection of fungi; and contributed several papers to. our 
Transactions. To the “Fauna, Flora, and Geology of Clyde,” 
published in connection with the meeting of the British Associa- 
tion in Glasgow in 1901, he contributed the lists of the larger 
fungi and ferns of this region. 

The disappearance of Mr, Stewart from our ranks, means the 
passage of a patriarchal and picturesque figure, with which we 
have been long familiar. None claimed more respect than he 
for a gentle, useful, and dignified life. He is deeply regretted, 
and will be greatly missed. 


List of the ‘‘Clyde” Copeognatha, or Psocide. 
By James J. F. X. Kine, F.E.S. 


[Read 30th November, 1909. ] 


Tue following list, which is the result of general collecting by 
my friend Mr. K. J. Morton, F.E.S., ana myself, enumerates 21 
species as occurring in the Clyde Valley, as against the 43 
British species. 

With more extended searching a few more species may be 
recorded, but they will not be many. The distribution of those 
at present recorded may be much added to, no doubt, as the 
localities which were worked have been limited. 


Psocip&. 
Amphigerontia, Kolbe. 
variegata, Latr.—Carluke. 
faseiata, Fabr.—Bonhill; Luss ; Ardentinny. 
bifasciata, Latr.—Cleghorn ; Cadder Wilderness; near 
Milngavie ; Bonhill; Ardentinny, 


KING—Lisr or CopEoGNATHA, OR PsociID&. 35 


Psocus, Latr. 
sexpunctatus, Linn.—Cleghorn; Carluke ; Gorge-of- 
Avon ; near Milngavie ; Bonhill. 
nebulosus, Steph.—Cleghorn. 
longicornis, Fabk.—Cleghorn. 
Stenopsocus, Hagen. 
immaculatus, Steph.—Carluke; Gorge-of-Avon; Dalry; 
West Kilbride. 
Graphopsocus, Kolbe. 
eruciatus, Linn.—Cleghorn; Carluke ; Gorge-of-Avon ; 
Dalry ; West Kilbride. 


MESOPSOCIDE. 
Philotarsus, Kolbe. 
flaviceps, Steph.—Cleghorn; on the Clyde, near Carluke; 
Cadder Wilderness; near Miln- 
gavie; Bonhill; Dalry. 
Elipsocus, Hagen. 
hyalinus, Steph.—Cadder Wilderness ; near Milngavie. 
Westwoodi, M‘Lach.—Cleghorn ; Carluke ; Cadder Wil- 
derness ; near Milngavie ; Bridge- 
of-Weir; Ardentinny; Dalry; 
Troon ; Brodick. 
abietis, Kolbe.—Carluke. 


CACILIIDE. 
Pterodela, Kolbe. 
pedicularia, Linn.—Cleghorn; near Milngavie ; Bonhill. 
Peripsocus, Hagen. 
pheopterus, Steph.—Cleghorn. 
Ceecilius, Curt. 
. fuscopterus, Latr.—Cleghorn. 
flavidus, Steph.—Cleghorn; Gorge-of-Avon; Cadder 
Wilderness ; near Milngavie ; 
Bonhill ; Dalry. 
Burmeisteri, Brauer.—Carluke. 
perlatus, Kolbe.—Dalry. 
Trichopsocus, Kolbe. 
Dalei, M‘Lach.—Botanic Gardens, Glasgow, 


36 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


ATROPIDZ. 
Atropos, Leach. 
pulsatoria, Linn.—In houses; common among Natural 
History collections, &e. 


TROCTIDA. 
Troctes, Burm. 
divinatorius, Mull—In houses; common among old 
books, &e. 


List of Arran Hepatice. 


By Symers M. Macvicar. 


[Read 26th November, 1909. ] 


As no account of the Arran hepatics appears to have been 
‘published, it may be as well to give a list of the species at 
present known from the island, as it will form a foundation 
for future work. 

Only a small part of the island has been searched for this 
group of plants, and none of it at all minutely, except the Loch 
Ranza and Lamlash districts. The glens and higher ground of 
the Goatfell range—although the latter is, no doubt, in general 
barren—will be sure to yield some additional species of interest. 
Granite rocks are favourable habitats for some of the rarer 
Marsupelle, etc., and about the base of the precipices facing 
north or east there should be sufficient wet ground for other 
alpine and subalpine species. 

The warm, moist climate, with its absence of extremes of tem- 
perature, combined with the many shaded localities among rocks 
on the low ground, make the island, at least in its northern half, 
most suitable for hepatics, and especially for the rarer Atlantic 
species, many of which having already been found. None of the 
upper subalpine Atlantic species, forming the Mfastigophora asso- 
ciation, with the exception of Herberta adunca, have yet been 


MACVICAR—List oF ARRAN HEPATIC. 37 


found, but it can hardly be doubted that some of them occur, 

Very few Arran hepatics, collected by the older botanists, are 
to be found in the Edinburgh Herbarium ; but William Gourlie 
(1815-56) and J. G. Lyon (1816-627), who were both Glasgow 
botanists; R. M. Stark (1815-73), author of the Popular History 
of British Mosses, and Mr. Adamson, are represented by a few 
specimens. The last-named botanist, of whom I have not been 
able to find any particulars, discovered the rare Plewroclada 
albescens, var. islandica, on Goatfell in 1840, this being its earliest 
record in Scotland, as well as its most southern locality in Britain. 

In this paper I have confined the records to specimens which 
I have examined. The names of the recent collectors, with the 
abbreviations used, are Messrs. W. Campbell (Campb.), P. 
Ewing, F.L.S. (Ewing), James M‘Andrew (M‘And.), Miss K. B, 
Maeyicar (Miss Macv.), and myself (Macy.). The first locality 
given for each species is the earliest record of which I have 
seen a specimen; the remainder are more or less arranged 
geographically. Although many of the more generally distributed 
species are given as first recorded by myself, they have, no doubt, 
been seen by others at an earlier date, but probably not 
collected. I have given the dates of records of the older 
botanists. The more recent visits were made by Mr. Campbell 
from 1896 onwards; Mr. Ewing, 1892, &c.; Mr. M‘Andrew, 
1909; Miss Macvicar, 1909 ; and myself, in 1904. The degree 
of frequency mentioned with Mr. M‘Andrew’s plants is taken 
from a list which he kindly made for me. 

There are 99 species here given. In addition, there are four 
species, of which I have not seen specimens, which Mr. 
M‘Andrew mentions in the list as seen by him, viz., Marchantia 
polymorpha, Lophozia Flerku, L. gracilis, and Lophocolea 
heterophylla. There are probably thirty to forty additional 
species which occur on the island. The species recorded for the 
Clyde Isles, vice-county 100, which are not given here, were 
found in Bute, mostly by Mr. Ewing, who has also found on that 
island many earlier records for the vice-county than those given 
below for Arran. 


Reboulia hemispherica (L.) Raddi. Loch Ranza, efr., frequent 
(Macv.). 


38 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dum. Goatfell (Campb.) ; Corrie 
(Ewing) ; Loch Ranza, common (Macv.); Brodick (Miss Maev.) ; 
Whiting Bay (Miss Macyv.). 

Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dum. Brodick Castle Gardens (Miss 
Macv.). 

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees. Loch Ranza, rare (Macyv.) ; 
plentiful about a mile south of Lamlash, cfr. (M‘And.). 

Aneura pinguis (L.) Dum. Loch Ranza, common (Macv.) ; 
Brodick (Miss Macv.). 

A. multifida (L.) Dum. Brodick (Campb.); Loch Ranza 
(Campb.) ; do., common (Macy.) ; Corrie (Miss Macv.). 

A. latifrons, Lindb. Peat moss near Loch Ranza (Macev.) ; 
Brodick, cfr. (Miss Macy.) ; Lamlash (M‘And.). 

Metzgeria furcata (l.) Lindb. Loch Ranza, uncommon 
(Macv.); Brodick (Miss Macv.); Lamlash, common (M‘And.) ; 
Whiting Bay (Miss Maev.); Blackwaterfoot (Miss Macyv.). 

M. conjugata, Lindb. Cnocan Burn (Campb.); Loch Ranza, 
rare (Macv.); Benlister Glen (M‘And.). 

M. hamata, Lindb. Goatfell (Campb.); Loch Ranza, rare 
(Macv.) ; Benlister Glen (M‘And.). 

Peliia endwrefolia (Dicks.) Dum. Loch Ranza (Macyv.) ; 
Whiting Bay (Miss Macy.). 

P. Neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. Whiting Bay. (Miss Macv.). 

P. epiphylia (L.) Dum. Loch Ranza, very common (Macyv.) ; 
Corrie, Brodick, Lamlash, Whiting Bay (Miss Macv.). 

Blasia pusilla, L. Roadside between Brodick and Lamlash 
(Miss Macv.). 

Gymnomitrium concinnatum (Lightf.) Corda. Caim na Caillach, 
efr., alt. 1,100 feet, rare (Macv.). 

G. crenulatum, Gottsche. Caim na Caillach, frequent, and 
descending to alt. 900 feet (Macyv.). 

Marsupella Funckii (Web. et Mohr) Dum. Loch Ranza, on 
disused roadside (Macv.) ; Lamlash (M‘And.). 

M. emarginata (Ehrh.) Dum. Loch Ranza, common (Macyv.) ; 
Brodick (Miss Macv.); Lamlash, common (M‘And.). 

M. aquatica (Lindenb.) Schiffn, Arran (without nearer locality) 
(Ewing); Shant Hill (Campb.); Loch Ranza, common (Macv.) ; 
Benlister Glen (M‘And.). 

Nardia compressa (Hook) Gray. Goatfell, 1839 (Dickie 


the= 


Ls 


ST. eee ~ 


MACVICAR—List or ARRAN HEPATIC. 39 


Herb.) ; Caim na Caillach, common, descending to alt. 400 feet 
(Macy.) ; Lamlash, not common (M‘And.). 

NV. scalaris (Schrad.) Gray. Loch Ranza, very common 
(Macv.); Corrie (Miss Macv.); Brodick, several localities 
(Miss Macv.); Lamlash, common (M‘And.); Whiting Bay 
(Miss Macy.) ; Blackwaterfoot (Miss Macyv.). 

N. hyalina (Lyell) Carr. Corrie (Ewing); Loch Ranza 
(Macy.); Whiting Bay (Miss Macv.). 

N. obovata (Nees) Carr. Goatfell (Campb.) ; Loch Ranza, cfr. 
(Macv.). 

Aplozia crenulata (Sm.) Dum. Lamlash, rare (M‘And.). 

Do. do, var. gracillima (Sm.) Loch Ranza, 
rare (Macy.); Brodick, eper. (Miss Macv.); Whiting Bay (Miss 
Macv. ). 

A. riparia (Tayl.) Dum. Corrie, cper. (Miss Macy.) ; Whiting 
Bay, cper. (Miss Macv.). 

A. pumila (With.) Dum. Loch Ranza, efr., rare (Macv.) ; 
“ Birch Glen,” Brodick, cper. (Miss Macv.). 

Lophoxia inflata (Huds.) Howe. lLamlash, cper., common 
(M‘And.); Brodick (Miss Macv.). 

L. Muellert (Nees) Dum. Lamlash, rare (M‘And.). 

L. ventricosa (Dicks.) Dum. Corrie (Ewing); Loch Ranza, 
common (Macv.); Brodick (Miss Macy.). 


L. ventricosa (Dicks.) Dum. Var. porphyrolewca (Nees) Loch 
Ranza (Macyv.). 7 


L. incisa (Schrad.) Dum. Loch Ranza, uncommon (Macyv.) ; 
Lamlash, not common (M‘And.); Brodick (Miss Macv.). 

L.quinquedentata(Huds.) Cogn. Loch Ranza, uncommon (Macv.). 

L. atlantica (Kaal.) Schiffn, Loch Ranza, very rare (Macv.). 

Sphenolobus exsecteformis (Breidl.) Steph. Brodick (Miss 
Macv.). 

Plagiochila punctata, Tayl. Loch Ranza, uncommon ; Lamlash, 
frequent (M‘And.). 

P. spinulosa (Dicks.) Dum. Cnocan Burn (Campb.); Loch 
Ranza (Campb.); do., frequent (Macv): Lamlash, cper., frequent 
(M‘And.) ; near Corrie (Miss Macy.). 

P. asplenioides (.) Dum. Loch Ranza, common (Maev.) ; 
Corrie, Brodick, and Whiting Bay (Miss Macv.); Lamlash, very 
common (M‘And.). 


40 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


P. asplenioides (L.) Dum. Var. major Nees. Loch Ranza 
(Macy.); Brodick (Miss Macv.); Whiting Bay (Miss Macv.). 

Mylia Taylori (Hook.) Gray. Loch Ranza (Campb.); do., 
rather common on banks (Macy.); Lamlash, frequent (M‘And.) ; 
Corrie (Miss Macv.). 

M. anomala (Hook) Gray. Peat moss near Loch Ranza, 
common (Macv.); Lamlash, frequent (M‘And.). 

Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dum. Loch Ranza, uncommon 
(Macv.); Corrie, Brodick, and Whiting Bay (Miss Macv.) ; 
Lamlash, common (M‘And.). 

L. cuspidata, Limpr. Loch Ranza, very common (Macy.) ; 
Corrie (Miss Macv.); Brodick, several localities (Miss Macev.) ; 
Whiting Bay (Miss Macy.). 

L. spicata, Tayl. Loch Ranza. in a cave (Macv.). 

Chiloscyphus polyanthus (1.) Corda. Loch Ranza (Macv.). 

C. pallescens (Schrad.) Nees. Loch Ranza (Macv.); Lamlash 
(M‘And.); Whiting Bay (Miss Macyv.). 

Harpanthus scutatus (Web. et Mohr) Spruce. Loch Ranza, 
on banks, rare (Macv.); Lamlash (M‘And.). 

Saecoguna viticulosa (Sm.) Dum. Arran, (without nearer 
locality), 1843 (Gourlie) ; Corrie (Ewing) ; Loch Ranza (Campb.) ; 
do., common (Macv.); Brodick (Miss Macy.) ; Lamlash, frequent 
(M‘And.). 

Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dum. Loch Ranza, cfr., very 
common; Lamlash, very common (M‘And.); Corrie, Brodick, 
and Whiting Bay (Miss Macyv.). 

C. connivens (Dicks.) Spruce. Peat moss near Loch Ranza 
(Macv.). 

C. lunulefolia, Dum. Loch Ranza, cfr., common (Macv.) ; near 
Corrie, cper. (Miss Macy.) ; Lamlash, uncommon (M‘And.). 

C’. leucantha, Spruce. Near Loch Ranza, on peat, with Lepi- 
dozia setacea (Macyv.). 

C. curvifolia (Dicks.) Dum. Goatfell, on decaying wood 
(Ewing); Lamlash Hills, frequent on the moors (M‘And.); near 
Lamlash, on decaying wood, cper. (Miss Macv.). 

C. Francisci (Hook.) Dum. Glen Chalmadale, Loch Ranza, on 
side of roadside ditch, near the peat moss, with C. bicuspidata 
(Macv.). 

Hygrobiella laxifolia (Hook.) Spruce. Loch Ranza, rare 
(Macy.) ; Lamlash, rare (M‘And.). 


MACVICAR—List or ARRAN HEPATICA. 4] 


Cephaloxiella byssacea (Roth.) Warnst. Loch Ranza (Macyv.). 

Odontoschisma sphagni (Dicks.) Dum. Peat moss, near Loch 
Ranza, common (Macv.). 

Adelanthus decipiens (Hook.) Mitt. Loch Ranza, among rocks 
above the village, very rare (Macv.). 

Calypogeia Trichomanis (L.) Corda (Kantia Trichomanis (L.)). 
Loch Ranza, common (Macv.); Corrie (Miss Macv.); Brodick 
(Miss Macy.); Lamlash, very common (M‘And.); Blackwater- 
foot (Miss Macv.). 

C. fissa (L.) Raddi (K. Sprengelit Pears.). Loch Ranza 
(Campb.) ; Brodick (Miss Macy.) ; Whiting Bay (Miss Macv.). 

C. argata, Nees et Mont. Corrie (Ewing) ; Brodick (Campb.) ; 
Loch Ranza, rare (Macv.). 

Bazzania trilobata (L.) Gray. Loch Ranza, rare (Macyv.) ; 
Corrie (Miss Macy.) ; Lamlash, common (M‘And). 

b. trierenata (Wahl.) Trevi. Arran (without nearer locality), 
1845 (Stark) ; Loch Ranza (Campb.) ; do., uncommon (Macy.) 

Pleuroclada albescens (Hook.), var. islandica (Nees). Goatfell, 
1840 (Adamson in Dickie Herb.). 

Lepidoxia pinnata (Hook.) Dum. Loch Ranza, uncommon 
(Macv.) ; Lamlash, frequent on shore rocks (M‘And.) 

L. reptans (L.) Dum. Loch Ranza, ef., common (Macv.) ; 
Corrie (Miss Macy.) ; Brodick (Miss Macyv.). 

L. Pearsoni, Spruce. Loch Ranza, rare (Macv.). 

L. trichoclados, C. Muil. Frib. Loch Ranza, uncommon (Macv.). 

L. setacea (Web.) Mitt. Peat moss, near Loch Ranza, cper., 
common (Macv.); Lamlash, frequent (M‘And.). 

Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dum. Loch Ranza, rare 
(Maev.). > 

Anthelia julacea (L.) Dum. Arran (without nearer locality), 
1855 (Howie); Loch Ranza, alt. 200 ft. (Macv.); Caim na 
Caillach, common (Macv.). 

Herberta adunca (Dicks.) Gray. Arran (without nearer 
locality), 1845 (Stark). 

Ptilidiwm ciliare (L.) Hampe. Caim na Caillach, alt. 1200 ft., 
very rare (Macv.). 

Trichocolea tomentella (Ehrh.) Dum. Near Lamlash (W. 
Evans); do., common (M‘And.); Whiting Bay (Miss Macy.) ; 
Goatfell (Campb.) ; Corrie road (Campb.); Loch Ranza, rather 
common (Macv.). 


42 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Diplophyllum albicans (L.) Dum. Corrie (Ewing); Loch 
Ranza, common on the low ground and on the hills (Macv.) ; 
Brodick, common (Miss Macy.); Lamlash, very abundant 
(M‘And.); Whiting Bay (Miss Macv.); Blackwaterfoot (Miss 
Macv.). 

Scapania compacta (Roth.) Dum. Loch Ranza (Macy.). 

S. aspera, Bernet. Loch Ranza, among rullania, rare (Macv.). 

S. gracilis (Lindb.) Kaal. Corrie (Ewing); Brodick, cfr. 
(Campb.); Loch Ranza (Campb.); do., common (Macv.); Lam- 
lash (M‘And.). 

S. gracilis (Lindb.) Kaal, var. laxifolia, Carr. Caim na Caillach 
(Macy.). 

S. nemorosa (L.) Dum. Lamlash, rare (M‘And.). 

S. purpurascens (Hook.) Tayl. Goatfell, 1840 (Greville Herb.) ; 
do., 1896 (Campb.); Corrie (Ewing); Loch Ranza, common 
(Macv.); Brodick (Miss Macv.); Lamlash, frequent (M‘And.) ; 
Whiting Bay (Miss Macv.). 

S. undulata (L.) Dum. Goatfell, 1856 (Mr. Nichol) ; Brodick 
(Miss Macy.) ; Loch Ranza, common (Macyv.). 

S. wrrigua (Nees) Dum. Corrie (Ewing) ; Loch Ranza, on side 
of ditch, rare (Macv.); roadside, between Brodick and Lamlash 
(Miss Macyv.). 


S. curta (Mart.) Dum. Loch Ranza, rare (Macv.); Whiting 


Bay (Miss Macy.). 

S. umbrosa (Schrad.) Dum. Loch Ranza, frequent (Macyv.) ; 
Lamlash (M‘And.). 

Radula aquilegia, Tayl. Loch Ranza, on wet rock, very rare 
(Macy.). 

fh. Lindbergui, Gottsche. Loch Ranza, very rare (Macv.). 

R. complanata (Li.) Dum, Loch Ranza, rare (Macv.) ; Brodick 
(Miss Macyv.). 

Pleuroxia purpurea (Lightf.) Lindb. Near Loch Ranza 
(Campb.) ; do., common on the peat moss and Caim na Caillach 
(Macy.). 

Madotheca levigata (Schrad.) Dum. Goatfell (Campb.). 

M. Thuja (Dicks.) Dum. Blackwaterfoot (Miss Macv.). 

Colurolejeunea calyptrifolia (Hook.) Schiffn. Brodick, on fir 
trees, 1847 (Lyon); Loch Ranza, on a rock (Macv.). 

Cololejeunea muicroscopica (Tayl.) Schitfn. Loch Ranza, 
frequent on rocks, rare on trees (Macv.). 


— 


PATERSON—Birps or THE GLAsGow DistRICcT. 43 


Lejeunea cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb. Loch Ranza (Campb.) ; do., 
common (Macv.); Corrie, Brodick, and Whiting Bay (Miss 
Macy.) ; Lamlash, very common (M‘And.). 

L. patens, Lindb. Corrie (Ewing); Loch Ranza, uncommon 
(Macy.). 

Microlejeunea ulicina (Tayl.) Evans. Brodick, on fir trees, 
1847 (liyon); Loch Ranza, on tree (Campb.); do., common on 
trees (Macv.) ; Lamlash, on tree, rare (M‘And.). 

Harpalejewnea ovata (Hook.) Schiffn. Loch Ranza, uncommon 
(Macv.). 

Marchesinia Mackaw (Hook.) Gray. Lamlash, frequent on 
shore rocks (M‘And.). 

Jubula Hutchinsie (Hook.) Dum. Sandstone fissure between 
Brodick and Corrie, 1847 (Lyon) ; Loch Ranza (Macv.) ; Lam- 
lash (M‘And.). 

Frullania Tamarisci (L.) Dum. Goatfell (Campb.); Loch 
_Ranza (Campb.) ; do., common (Macv.) ; Corrie, Brodick, Whiting 
Bay, and Blackwaterfoot (Miss Macv.); Lamlash, common 
(M‘And.). 

Ff. fragilifolia, Tayl. Loch Ranza, on rocks, rare (Macv.) ; 
Lamlash, frequent on shore rocks (M‘And.). 

F. germana, 'Tayl. Loch Ranza, rare (Macyv.). 

F. dilatata (L.) Dum, Loch Ranza, common on trees (Macv.) ; 
Brodick (Miss Macv.); Whiting Bay (Miss Macv.). 


On the Birds of the Glasgow District. 


By Joun Paterson. 
[Read 28th December, 1909, ] 


ly 1876, Robert Gray contributed to the Notes on the Fauna 
and Flora of the West of Scotland (which was published in con- 
nection with the meeting of the British Association in Glasgow 
that year), an article ‘‘On the Birds of Glasgow and its 
Vicinity *’ (Joc. sit., pp. 9-16). Gray had a facile pen, and when 


44 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


it is said that this article was characteristic of its author it will 
be understood that it has attractions beyond those that relate to 
the facts having been brought together therein for the first time. 
No subsequent attempt has been made in the intervening thirty- 
three years to give a connected sketch of the bird-life of Glasgow 
and its vicinity, and as the last two decades have been marked 
by a great amount of local activity, there is good reason for 
reviewing, in the light of recent research, a subject of which we 
owe the only connected account to Gray’s article just mentioned. 
It is not a matter for regret that Gray accepted as a limit the 
ten miles radius in dealing with some species, and greatly 
exceeded that limit in the case of very many others. The further 
he extended his purview the better for his readers; but there is 
now no advantage to be gained by adopting a method quite 
excusable, and indeed acceptable, under the circumstances of 
the time in which he wrote, so it is proposed to confine the follow- 
ing notes to the ten miles radius. It will be remembered that, 
in 1901, we had another visit from the British Association, in 
connection with which, for the first time, a list of the birds of 
the whole of the Clyde area was published (Fauna, Flora, and 
Geology of the Clyde Area (1901), pp. 159-170). 

Within the stretch of country embraced in the ten miles 
radius from Glasgow Cross there is much to attract birds, and 
they abound in consequence. The absence of the sea and of any 
scenery of savage grandeur are its chief defects—some marine 
species and others associated with our mountain fastnesses are 
naturally not to be looked for, unless in a rare case as stragglers. 
There is left, however, a great variety of surface, of physical 
feature, and of condition. Hills with grass and heather-lands 
at our northern and southern boundaries, a considerable extent 
of scattered woodland—very many lochs and dams presenting 
varied conditions—the Clyde flowing east to west through the 
middle of our district and of the city, receiving ‘in its course the 
Kelvin and many smaller tributaries, some of them, like the 
various Calders (the North Calder, the South Calder, and the 
Rotten Calder), coming through picturesque and partly densely 
wooded glens and gorges—cultivated lands, haugh lands, and 
(near the city) waste lands—these are all to be reckoned as in 


PATERSON—Birps oF THE GLAscow District. 45 


varying degree characteristic of that area within the ten miles 
radius which, for our present purpose, we consider to be the 
Glasgow district. The natural corollary of this interesting 
variety of aspect, surface, and condition, is that abundant bird- 
life which is the delight of the ornithologist. 

Coming now to the species to be met with, the MistLz-THRrusH 
is quite common. An early nester, it is only natural that it 
should be one of the first species to be seen moving in small 
parties before summer has departed, and it continues con- 
spicuous in the autumn months on the grass lands near the city. 
The Sona-TurusH is even more common in the nesting season, 
but disappears, comparatively speaking, for about two or three 
months in the dead of winter, especially when the conditions are 
hard, reappearing sometimes in fairly large parties in February. 
The Repwine, again, is a fairly stationary species throughout 
the period of its sojourn, for about five months. The Frme.prare 
is more irregular, unless, perhaps, on the uplands. Around the 
city it becomes scarcer for a month or two at the turn of the 
year, its numbers increasing with the advent of spring, and it is 
seen in large parties throughout April. The Briacxsirp is hardy, 
and is conspicuous by its numbers at the season when the Song- 
Thrush has become scarce. Though occurring on the Kilpatrick 
Hills and Campsie Fells in summer, the Rrinc-Ovzen is com- 
paratively rare. It has occurred in Queen’s Park at the April 
passage. 

The WuxaTeaR is well known in the district, and is regularly 
seen on waste ground round the city at the time of the spring 
and autumn passage. It nests occasionally in old quarries, and 
in summer is characteristic of the uplands. The Watvcuat is 
as well known, and is more common in the nesting season than the 
last species on the low ground around the city, wherever rough 
patches occur. The Sronecuar occurs, but it is unfamiliar. I 
have seen it in the north and north-west at Jellyhill, Milngavie, 
and the moor at the Bakers’ Dam on the Kilpatrick Hills, and 
in the north-east at Robroyston and Glenboig. 

The Repstarr may be seen anywhere in the district, including 
Queen’s Park and Camphill, at the spring and autumn passages. 
It is rare in summer on the left bank of the Clyde, but nests 


46 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


in Cadder Wilderness, in the north of our district, and becomes 
a charactertistic species beyond Milngavie. The Buack Repsrart 
was observed in Great Western Road in November, 1905.* The 
ReDBREAST is common at all seasons. The Wuitrersroat is 
common in summer. Although the Lesser WuirnTHRoatT was 
mentioned by Gray as a ‘‘ regular summer visitant ’’ in his list 
(ante, p. 43), subsequent observation would have justified its 
exclusion at present + had one not turned up in August last near 
Cathcart Cemetery, as I was informed by Mr. John Robertson at 
the time. About this interesting occurrence—perhaps a casual 
one—there can be no doubt. The Biackcap comes regularly to 
Rouken Glen, and has been seen on the Cart, at Cathcart and 
Hawkhead, in recent years. The GArpEN-WaRBLER is more 
numerous, being familiar in suitable places on the left bank of 
the river, and on the north side I have heard it once at Cadder 
Wilderness, and seen it several times in the Mill Plantation in the 
same neighbourhood. The GoLpcrest is common, sometimes 
appearing in Queen’s Park. The CairrcHarr is not common 
within our limits, though it becomes characteristic south-west of 
our borders. It occurs sparingly about Giffnock, and I have 
heard it at Killermont.t The Wirtow-Wren is abundant, and 
deserves to be generally known, which it is not. The Woop- 
Wren is very much scarcer in the immediate neighbourhood of 
the city, although it occurs in some woods and glens. There 
is usually a pair or two in Cadder Wilderness, but I have seen 
it abundant there on one occasion, probably a late movement. 
The Sepce-WarBLER in a normal year is very common: The 
GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER is very uncertain, although it has 
occurred in one year or another all round the city, even within 
the city boundary at Mount Florida. The Hepcs-Sparrow is 
familiar on every roadway. 

The Dipper is common on the clearer streams of the southern 
half of our district, and I have seen it during the past year 
at New Cathcart Bridge, on the Cart, and on the Clyde at 


* Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow (N.S.), VIIL., p. 106. 

t See ‘‘ Notes on the Lesser Whitethroat as a Clyde Species” (Annals 
of Scot. Nat. Hist., 1899, pp. 210-214). 

{See an article on the distribution of the Chiffchaff in **Clyde” in 
Trans. Nat, Hist, Soc., Glasgow, V. (N.S.), pp. 48-52. 


PATERSON—Birps or THE GLAscow District. AT 


Kenmuir. It is rare on the duller ditches and waters north-east 
of the city. It was familiar on the Kelvin in Gray’s time. The 
LonG-TAILED Trrmousn is not common, unless, perhaps, from 
Bardowie northwards. The Great Trrmouse and Coat Tirmouss 
are common, and I have seen the last-named searching the 
gable of a house in Battlefield, within the city boundary. The 
Marsu Trrmouss has a puzzling distribution, occurring regularly 
at Bardowie and east thereof, at Stepps, and about Bishop Loch, 
on the right bank of the river. Meantime we know nothing 
about it in the north-western section of this district, but on the 
south side, from Paisley to Cathcart, and up to Uplawmoor, it 
has been frequently observed. This species is not mentioned 
in Gray’s list (ante, p. 43). The Biur Trrmouse is common, 
and I have seen it in recent years on a school railing at Mount 
Florida. 

The Wren is common, and may be seen regularly in Queen’s 
Park and Camphill. ‘ 

The Tree-Creerer is just as frequent as in most districts, 
and has twice been noticed in Queen’s Park in the last two 
decades. 

The Prep Waeram is common, and the Warrn WaatTain a 
regular bird of passage, appearing within the city boundaries. 
This is another species not mentioned in Gray’s list (ante, p. 43). 
The Grey Wacrain is not at all unfamiliar at Rouken Glen, and, 
in winter, about clay-holes near the city. The BLur-HEapEepD 
Wacram has been seen on the river at Cambuslang at the 
spring passage,* and in early summer at Dalbeth, and I have 
hopes that, had we a good observer in that neighbourhood, where 
the Yellow Wagtail is common, we might know more about it. 
The Yextow Wacrain is quite familiar all round the city, extend- 
ing to our limits on the south side of the river. The TREz- 
Pirir is common in summer, and we hardly lose sight of the 
Muapow-Pirir at any season. 

The Great GrReY SHRIKE has been taken with bird lime, near 
Paisley and Glasgow, and several have been recorded within our 
district, chiefly from Lanarkshire localities. 

The Waxwine occurred in vast flocks at Hamilton in 1782.+ 


* Annals of Scot. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 79. 
+ The Statistical Account of Lanarkshire, 1841, p. 262, 


48 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


In 1903 one was seen at Milton of Colquhoun, just beyond our 
western boundary, and about December, 1895, a small flock 
was seen at Mugdock. 

The Sporren Frycatcuer is fairly common in summer, and 
in autumn family parties are regularly seen in Queen’s Park. 

The Swattow, Hovuss-Martiy, and Sanp-Martin are common. 
The House-Martin formerly nested on the houses on the river- 
front,* and in my recollection in several places in Govanhill, 
now about twenty years ago. 

The GREENFINCH is common, and a flock appeared in hard 
weather, two years ago, in the harbour of Glasgow.t The 
Gotprivcu, though to be reckoned a scarce bird, seems to be 
increasing about Giffnock. It is occasionally seen on waste 
ground in winter. The Siskin is even less known, although I 
have seen it once at Bardowie in recent years, and over twenty 
years since I came on a flock in April, on the river opposite 
Farme.t The Hovuss-Sparrow is abundant. The CHarrincH 
is probably next to it in point of numbers. It is, at any rate, 
more regularly seen all the year round than the Greenfinch. 

The BramBitine is occasionally seen in winter. In the winter 
of 1906-7 it was very common. I saw it within the city 
boundaries at Clincart Farm, in January, 1909. 

The Lryner is not common, though frequently seen about 
Waulkmill Glen Dam in autumn, waste ground round the city 
in autumn and winter, and at Possil Marsh frequently. 

The Meaty Reppote was frequently taken one winter near 
Paisley, according to the late Morris Young. The Lzsssr 
Reppoue is fairly common locally. The Twire is occasionally 
seen near, and on a rare occasion on waste ground in the city. 
Its nest has been taken at the old Paisley Race-course, and on 
Gleniffer,§ and it occurs regularly on the moors at our southern 
limits. It is not mentioned in Gray’s list (ante, p. 43). The 
BULLFINCH is scarce, being chiefly seen in small numbers in 
places where it does not nest. The Crosspint, Gray said, was 


* Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow, VI. (N.S.), pp. 188-9. 
+ Annals Scot. Nat. Hist., 1907, p. 139. 

t Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow, VII. (N.S.), pp. 63-4. 
§ Paisley Nats. MS. List of Birds of Renfrewshire, 


PATERSON —Birps or THE GLAsGow Disrrict. 49 


occasionally seen in passing flocks, and I have been told of one 
such at Hangingshaw, but that was twenty years ago. 

The Cory-Buntine is frequent, especially north-east of the 
city. The YexLtow-Buntinc and Resp-Buntinc are common. 
The Syow-Bunt1n¢ is very irregular in its appearances, but may 
be seen on grass lands about the city occasionally. I have seen 
it in flocks of various size on Glasgow Green, in Queen’s Park, 
and the Recreation Ground there, and in the Rangers’ last 
football ground twice, there being 22,000 people present on one 
of these occasions. I have not seen it for ten years past, how- 
ever, and have rarely heard of it in that time. In 1896, 1897, 
1898, and 1899 it was familiar in and around the city. 

The Staring is abundant, and has been so, in my recollection, 
for forty years. The late Dr. John Grieve, writing about 1843-5, 
said—‘‘ On the roofs of almost all the houses hereabouts, boxes 
are placed for them to build in ’’—which referred to north-east 
Glasgow. See “Extracts from an unpublished Ornithology of 
Glasgow,’ in the Z’rans. Nat. Hist. Socy. of Glasgow, Vol. VI. 
(N.S.) pp. 181-190. In my recollection of thirty to forty years 
ago, the same thing could be said of south-east Glasgow. The 
Rose-CoLtoureD Sraruinc has been shot on two occasions at 
least near the city, but these occurrences were over forty years 
ago. 

Tae Cuoucu was formerly a Campsie bird, but this locality, 
like all others inland in which it was found, has long since been 
deserted. The JAy is not mentioned in Gray’s list. It has 
occurred recently at Glenorchard, and the late E. R. Alston says 
he got it from Bothwell,* and at the time he wrote (1875), it 
_was still nesting at Hamilton (/oc. cit.). It is said to have been not 
rare near Paisley at one time, and the same is probably true of 
Glasgow. Two occurrences are known in East Renfrewshire.+ 
The late Morris Young told me that when he was young, it was 
current that at Crookston, fruit was netted on account of the 
Jay's depredations. The Magpie is common round Glasgow, 
but becomes scarcer in the localities where game is protected. 
The JAcKDAW is not very common near the city, but on the 


* Scot. Naturalist, I1L., p. 238. 
t+ Annals Scot. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 225. 
D 


50 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Kilpatrick Hills and in Cadzow Forest, and about Bothwell 
Castle and similar localities, it is abundant. A RAvEN was 
shot on Mr. Gilmour’s Eaglesham property about thirty years 
ago,* and I have seen it at the Whangie in midwinter. It is 
only a straggler in the Glasgow district. Neither the Carrion 
nor the Hoopep Crow is familiar hereabouts, although a few pairs 
of the former at anyrate may nest here and there in the wilder 
parts in the north, as it does in the south ‘‘in Mearns and Neilston 
parishes” (John Robertson). The Roox, which formerly nested 
in trees in the Old College Green, and at the head of Queen Street 
and in Kelvingrove Park, has been driven further afield. It 
abounds near Glasgow. 7 

The SKYLARK is very common, coming right up to the city, 
or rather only retreating when its haunts are displaced by houses. 

The Swirr is common, and till the present year has continued 
to make it presence known where we are met here in Bath 
Street, by its screeching during the June meeting. 

Though said to have nested formerly in Inchinnan, Linwood, 
and Paisley Moss Woods,{ and to have been observed in Gray’s 
time in Queen’s Park on several occasions, we only know the 
NIGHTJAR as an irregular straggler in the district, though Mr. 
_ Archibald, the gardener at Bothwell Castle, told me in 1898, 
that it occurred there in summer. Like Gray in the south of 
the city, Mr. Frank M‘Culloch has seen it within the civie 
boundaries to the north since Gray’s time, but now many years 
ago. 

The Wryneck has occurred at Hamilton§ and Garnkirk.|| 

The Great Sporrep WoopPECKER is an occasional winter 
visitor—there is recent evidence of its occurrence at Glenorchard 
and Cadder {i ; 

The KINGFISHER is quite a familiar object to all observers in 
the district. Its numbers do not seem to vary much from year 
to year. 

* Annals Scot. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 226. 

+See Mr. H. Boyd Watt’s ‘‘A Census of* Glasgow Rookeries,” in 
Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow, VI. (N.S.), pp. 21-24. 

+ Paisley Nats. MS. List of Renfrewshire Birds. 

§ Vhe Statistical Account of Lanarkshire, 1841, p. 262. 

|| Proc. Nat. Hist., Glasgow, I1., p. 179. 

{| The Glasgow Naturalist, I., pp. 99-100. 


PATERSON—Birps or THE GLASGOW DiIsTRICT. 51 


The Brs-Earer has been observed twice in the Paisley 
district.* 

The Cuckoo is common. 

Formerly the Bary-Own was known in many places round 
about the city, but I have only heard of it at Cathcart and Miln- 
gavie in recent years. I have never seen it myself. The Lone- 
EarepD Own is common. The SHort-HarepD Own is sometimes 
met with by sportsmen on the moors, and about fifteen years ago 
I saw one in the flesh, a couple of hours after it had been shot by 
Mr. F. Burnett Dick at Possil Marsh. The Tawny Ow t is not rare, 
being indeed only ‘‘a little less common than the Long-Eared Owl” 
(John Robertson). ‘The SNowy Owt occurred at Pollokshields in 
1863.7 An example of the American form of the HawKk-Ow1 
was got in the same year at Maryhill. } 

The Hen Harrier has been shot at Blythswood,§ and was 
observed by the late Dr. Grieve at Provan Mill in 1843.|| The 
Buzzarp was frequently trapped at Campsie in Gray’s time, and 
eleven years ago one was obtained near Allander Toll, and a 
year later one at Cadder. 

RovuGuH-LeEGGED BuzzAarps have been obtained at Hamilton, 
Bishopbriggs, Auchineden, and Duntreath. The GoLpEN-HAGLE 
has been shot at Duncombe and the Meikle Bin within the 
past fourteen years, and there are occasional notices still of its 
appearance in winter towards our northern limits. Seventy 
years ago the Wuirr-Taitep Eacie was known as an occasional 
visitor to the Hamilton district.41 The Sparrow-HAwk is 
common. The Kirt was “often enough seen flying over our 
fields” in 1843, according to the late Dr. Grieve when writing of 
the district just north-east of the city.** The Honry Buzzarp 
was obtained at Paisley in 1874.¢+ The GREENLAND Fatcon has 
been shot at Dychmont.{+ The PEREGRINE FALCON was seen at 


* Paisley Nats. MS. List of Renfrewshire Birds. 

+ The Birds of the West of Scotland, 1871, p. 262. 

% Loc. cit., p. 64. 

§ Paisley Nats. MS. List of Renfrewshire Birds. 

|| Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow, VI. (N.S.), p. 143. 
§] The Statistical Account of Lanarkshire, 1871, p. 262. 
** Trans. Nat. Hist., Glasgow, VI. (N.S.), pp. 182-3 
+} Paisley Nats. MS. List of Renfrewshire Birds. 
£k The Birds of the West of Scvtland, p. 21. 


52 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Possil Marsh in 1908, and at Muirend, Cathcart, this vear—two 
very interesting occurrences, as this noble bird has not been seen 
near Glasgow for many years. The MeEruin Gray was disposed 
to consider a winter resident in the city, and Mr. J. M‘Naught 
Campbell told me he had seen one hawking along the northern 
boundary of Queen’s Park in 1877. It is evidently still a visitor, 
as one was got on a lamp-post at the foot of James Street, 
Bridgeton, in November, 1902. The Kesrret is fairly common. 

The Cormorant was seen in Eaglesham in 1894,* about the 
same time at Possil Marsh by Mr. F. Burnett Dick, and more 
recently at Waulkmill Glen Dam and the Little Loch by Mr. 
John Robertson. The SHac has occurred at Glanderston Dam.t 

Within the past two decades Hrrons have nested in small 
numbers at Craigallian, Erskine, and Johnstone Castle according ~ 
to Mr. Hugh Boyd Watt’s valuable list of Clyde Heronries,{ and 
and an odd pair no doubt in other localities, as at Bishop Loch. 
I see it not infrequently all round the city. In 1895 I saw it 
twice within the city boundary at Mount Florida. The Birrern 
has occurred at Linwood Moss, Hogganfield Loch, and Possil 
Marsh. 

In June, 1892, six GANNETS were seen passing over Thornliebank§ 
by Mr. John Robertson, who tells me of an injured one captured 
in September, 1899, near Mearns. | 

‘“GREY GEESE” have been seen by others about Possil, and I 
saw a gaggle of 75 passing northwards at a low elevation over the 
marsh there on 3rd May, 1895, but could not make them out 
specifically. Small parties are seen from time to time in the 
district, but it is difficult to get exact information regarding the 
species. A Bran Goose was seen at Bardowie in February, 
1909.| 

Flocks of BARNACLE GEESE were seen at Eaglesham in 1882 
and 1887.4] Brwick’s Swan we now know as a regular winter 
visitor to Bishop Loch It has been recorded from Hogganfield 


* Annals Scot. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 227, 

+ Loc. cit., p. 227. 

t Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow, V. (N.S8.), pp. 378-98. 
§ Annals of Scot. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 227. 

|| Fide Hugh W, Wilson. 
‘| Annals of Scot. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 227. 


» PATERSON.— Birps oF THE GuAscow District. 53 


and Possil. The Murr Swan is very familiar, and there is a 
large swannery at Hogganfield. Small flocks of the Common 
SHELD-Duck have been seen at Eaglesham, Balgray Dam, and 
Bishop Loch—at the latter two localities in recent years. The 
MALLARD is a common bird. The Gapwauti Gray could not 
include in his list, but it has occurred within the past six years 
at Eaglesham, Dougalston, and Bishop Loch. The SHovELLER is 
now regularly seen at one season or another on many sheets of 
water round Glasgow, but is rarely seen in East Renfrew. <A 
fair number must nest in the Bishop Loch district, where it is 
familiar at all seasons. Some nine occurrences of the PinTaIL 
within our limits are now known. The TEAL is common. The 
Wicron and Pocuarp are both regular and common winter 
visitors. The Turrep Duck has become a common nesting 
species since Gray’s time apparently. The Scaup Duck is a most 
abundant species in Clyde estuarine waters and the late Col. H. 
M. Drummond Hay stated in the Scottish Naturalist, 1891, p. 
70, that he had seen large flocks as high up as Bowling, which 
just brings it to our limits. Mr. Robert H. Read first announced 
it as a bird of the district, one having been sent to him for 
identification in November, 1890, which was shot on fresh water 
near Glasgow.* In 1896 a few were seen frequently at Balgray 
Dam in summer, and eight at Pilmuir Dam on 22nd August in 
the same year. One was again seen at Balgray in September, 
1900, and some others are known to have occurred. The 
GOLDENEYE occurs in winter in small numbers. The Cart near 
Renfrew was formerly favoured with visits from the GoosanDER, 
which is regularly seen in Mearns, Eaglesham, and Neilston, in 
small numbers in winter. The Rep-BreasteD MERGANSER is 
also said to have frequented the Cart near Renfrew in winter 
formerly. It has nowhere been seen near Glasgow by the present 
generation of ornithologists. The Rine-DovE is common. The 
Srock-Dove, unknown in Gray’s time, and if present unsuspected, 
is now a nesting species on the Kilpatricks, at Glenorchard, 
Bothweil, Blantyre, and several places in East Renfrewshire. + 


* Scottish Naturalist, 1891, p. 39. 
+The Glasgow Naturalist, Vol. I., pp. 101-10; op. cit., Vol. II. 
pp. 30-1, 


54 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Patias’s Sanp-GrousE appeared near Paisley in 1863*—one 
of the years in which this country was favoured with a large 
immigration of this wandering species. Examples of the 
CAPERCAILLIE have turned up at Paisley, Linwood, Milngavie, 
and Uddingston, and four appeared at Craigbarnet, Parish of 
Campsie, in 1897. 

The Buiack Grouse occurs occasionally in strange places— 
Dumbarton Road, within the city boundaries, for instance. It is 
found in fair numbers on upland shootings within our limits. 
The Rep Grouse is naturally associated with heather, and we 
usually find a pair, even on a small patch, near the city at a low 
elevation. 

The PHEASANT and PARTRIDGE are common. The Quart has 
occurred at Nether Pollok and near Paisley and Eaglesham. 

The Corn-CRAKE is common. On 22nd November, 1904, one 
which I saw later in Queen’s Park Police Office, was captured 
alive by a policeman by hand in Shawmoss Road. The Sporrep 
CraKE appeared at Possil, in September, 1899.; The WArTER- 
Ratt has been long known to occur in suitable places throughout 
the district, and has been seen several times in Rouken Glen 
during the past year. The Moor Hen and Common Coor are 
common. The latter is very conspicuous on Possil Marsh and 
Hogganfield Loch. | 

The Dorreret has occurred at Govan and Possil Marsh, and in 
the spring of this year one was found at Bellshill, and exhibited 
here.{ The Rincep Piover has been seen in spring and autumn 
in Mearns and Eaglesham. The GoLpEN PLover attracts attention 
in flocks in autumn and winter, and nests on the higher grounds 
overlooking the city in summer, but is not an abundant bird at 
that season. The GREY PLOVER was seen in autumn at Balgray Dam 
in 1895,|| and another on 14th September, 1901.41 The Lapwine 
is common, and it is interesting to note that Mr. Robert H. Read 
has stated that ‘‘In autumn, quite close to Glasgow, I have counted 


* The Birds of the West of Scotland, p. 239. 

+ The Scottish Journal of Natural History, Vol. I., p. 133. 
+ The Glasgow Naturalist, Vol. I., p. 135. 

|| Annais Scot. Nat. Hist., 1896, p. 60. 

$| Fide John Robertson. 


, PATERSON—Brrps oF THE GLASGow DISTRICT. 5D 


about 8,000 Peasweeps in one field.”* Enormous flocks in winter 
were quite a feature of the district between Pollokshaws and 
Aikenhead twenty years ago. Since then there have been in that 
neighbourhood many changes unfavourable to the Lapwing, 
although it is still quite familiar. The Oyster Carcuer, according 
to Gray, occasionally followed the river to Bothwell, but since his 
time the only one I have heard of within the city was seen in the 
Recreation Ground, Queen’s Park, eight or ten years ago.j It is 
fairly often heard in passage in May, August, and September, 
The Brack-Wincep Stir was frequently seen at Possil Marsh 
in 1867.{ A Grey PHaLarope was got at Craigend, Milngavie, 
in October or November, 1896, and exhibited to this 
Society. The Woopcock is not very familiar, although said to 
be nesting more frequently in the last year or two at Bothwell. 
In 1869 and 1896 Great Snipes were shot in Eaglesham, and 
one on the upland part of Upper Pollok estate. in September, 
1901, by Mr. Walter J. Marshall, Crookfur, Mearns, who 
recorded it in The Field, and I could hardly be mistaken in one 
I saw at Williamwood last winter. Messrs. Ross and Rennie saw 
another at Frankfield within the past month. This species does 
not appear in Gray’s sketch-paper (ante, p. 43). Two shot on 
16th May, 1885, at Clydebank have been recorded by Mr. Wm. 
Evans.§ The Common Syipeand Jack Snipe are both well known. 
Gray said he had seen frozen-out Snipes in a grass field at the west 
end of the University Buildings. Twenty years ago and less, I used 
to see them regularly in ditches and about clay-pits at Hanging- 
shaw, within the civic boundaries. The DUNLIN is well known asa 
nesting species on Mearns Moor. I have seen it on the spring 
passage on the Clyde at Cambuslang, and at the autumn passage 
at Hogganfield and Bishop Loch, as well as regularly at Balgray. 

.The LirrLe Stint was seen in September, 1905, at Balgray by 
Mr. John Robertson. This species is not mentioned by Gray in 
his list, nor is the CurLEw-SaNpDPIPER mentioned by him, but 
it has been seen since 1896 in several autumns, till the present 
one, in small numbers at Balgray. The Rurr, which Gray only 


* A Hand-book to the Birds of Great Britain, Vol. I11., p. 178. 
+ Fide Hugh W. Wilson. 

+ The Birds of the West of Scotland, p. 304. 

§ Proc. R. Phy. Soc., Hdin., Vol. [X., pp. 184-6, 


56 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


knew as an estuarine species, Mr. John Robertson thinks is now 
to be reckoned as an annual autumn visitor to Balgray, where 
eight have been seen in one day (29th September, 1901). The 
Common SANDPIPER is common. The GREEN SANDPIPER which 
has long been on the list for this district from its occurrence at 
Nether Pollok, recorded by Gray, has appeared in recent years at 
Milngavie, Hangingshaw, Rouken Glen, and Garscadden.* The 
Common ReEpDSHANK is common, and is stated to have increased 
considerably in numbers at Blantyre; a view also held by Mr. 
Thornton M‘Keith with regard to Loch Libo district, just beyond 
our borders. The Sporrep REDSHANK, another species not known 
to occur when Gray wrote, appeared at Balgray in 1898,7 1899, 
and again in 1909.§ The GrEENSHANK, which Gray thought might 
nest on Mearns Moor, is now known to occur in East Renfrew 
regularly at the autumn passage and sometimes in winter. The 
Bar-TalLeD Gopwir has not been known to occur within our limits 
till the autumn of this year, when one was seen for some time 
frequenting Waulkmill Glen Dam.|| The Buack-rarLep Gopwit 
is also new to our limits, being first observed in September, 1899, 
by Mr. John Robertson, at Balgray, and again in August this 
year at Waulkmill Glen Dam. I have recorded the occurrence 
of three birds of this species in summer plumage at Gad Loch, 
Lenzie, in May, 1907—the only appearance yet known at that 
season. The CurLew is characteristic of the higher ground 
within our limits, and is the species most regularly heard migrat- 
ing over the city in spring and autumn. The WuimpBreEL has 
been heard in autumn in passage at Balgray Dam. {| 

The Brack Tern, which, when Gray wrote, he did not know 
to have occurred nearer than Loch Lomond, turned up in the 
year in which his list appeared, one being secured at Possil in 
October, 1876, and exhibited to this Society.** The Common TERN 
has nested on several occasions since 1902 at the Brother Loch, 


* Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow, Vol. VIII. (N.S.), pp. 106-7. 
+ Annals Scot. Nat. Hist., 1899, p. 52. 

+ Loc. sit., 1900, pp. 51-2. 

§ The Glasgow Naturalist, Vol. I., p. 146. 

|| Loc. sit., Vol. II., p. 30. 

“| Fide John Robertson, 

** Proc. Nat, Hist. Soc., Glasgow, Vol. III., p. 104. 


_ PATERSON—Birps or THE Grascow District. Bi 


and has been seen frequently at Milngavie, Possil, on the Clyde at 
Carmyle, and in East Renfrew in recent years. The Buack- 
HEADED GULL is common at all seasons round Glasgow, and 
the great nesting colony at Harelaw maintains its position. The 
Common Gut is frequently seen in winter on the west side of the 
city, but gets scarcer as we proceed eastwards. Mr. Gray knew 
it to follow the river to Renfrew, and none since his time has 
seen it in any numbers in the Harbour of Glasgow, where the 
Herrine Guin, and the Lesser Buack-BackED GULL (which are 
common in the district) are respectively winter and summer 
visitors in some numbers. Though the Hrerrine GULL, as is here 
stated, is a winter visitor to the Harbour of Glasgow, it is seen in 
the district at other seasons. The appearances of the LEssER 
BLACK-BACKED GULL out of its season (summer) are, however, 
exceptional. Two Great Briack-BACKED GULLS were seen at 
Balgray Dam, on 31st May, 1899, by Mr. Hugh Boyd Watt. 
The KirriwAKE GULL is but a straggler in winter, and is also 
occasionally seen at the spring passage. 

In 1859, according to Gray’s list, many Razorpitts and 
GUILLEMOTS were seen in the river at Renfrew. I have 
twice seen the former in the Harbour of Glasgow, and on 3rd 
April, 1909, one was picked up dead at Glenorchard.* During 
the irruption of Lirrt—e AuxKs in 1894-1895, solitary birds of 
this species turned up at Garscube, Dennistoun, and Balgray 
Dam.j Of the Purrin, two stragglers are known to have 
occurred in East Renfrew. 

The Buiack-rHroatep Diver occurred at Balgray Dam, 
20th December, 1907. Tue Rep-rHroateD Diver is recorded 
from Possil Marsh and the Glen Dam, Kast Renfrew, and, accord- 
ing to Gray, has occurred on other sheets of water within two or 
three miles of the city. 

The GREAT-CRESTED GREBE has become since Gray’s time a 
well-known nesting species, and in the autumn of this year as 
many as twenty-three have been counted at Balgray in one day. 
These birds must have been moving at that season to other 
quarters as they do not nest at Balgray. A RED-NECKED GREBE, 


* Fide J. Bartholomew. 
+ Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow, Vol. IV. (N.S.), pp. 195-8. 


58 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


shot on the Cart, was exhibited to this Society in February, 1894, 
and there are other old records. There is no positive evidence of 
the occurrence of the SLAVONIAN GREBE. It is in Gray’s list, but 
perhaps he had in mind occurrences beyond the limits we have 
imposed upon ourselves in making up this list. The Harep 
GREBE was seen this year at Bishop Loch.* It is not mentioned 
by Gray. The Lirrite GREBE is common. 

A Fork-TAILED PerreL was found in Mearns in December, 
1879, on the day of the Tay Bridge disaster. A SrorM-PETREL 
is reported to have occurred at Motherwell in October, 1864.7 A 
Manx SHEARWATER, found in Kelvingrove Park in August, 1896, 
is in the Museum there. 


List or Brrps oF THE GLAsGow DISTRICT (WITHIN 
THE TEN-MILE RaADIUs). 


In the following list of 179 species, forty-seven are distinguished 
by an asterisk. The species so marked either (1) do not appear in 
Gray’s list, so often referred to in the preceding pages, or (2), 
although in the list, are stated to have occurred only beyond the 
ten-mile radius, or again (3), although included in Gray’s little 
memoir, it does not appear that they are to be understood as 
having occurred within the limits which we have thought it 
desirable strictly to respect. Those who are interested in the 
subject, will not fall into the mistake of supposing that the forty- 
seven species under discussion are new to the district since Gray’s 
time—indeed, several of the species were well known to him to 
have occurred, and their absence from his list must be attributed 
to haste, lack of revisal, or some other cause at which we can 
only guess. 


Mistle-Thrush (Turdus viscivorus). Ring-Ouzel (7. torquatus). 


Song-Thrush (7'. mustcus). Wheatear (Saaicola enanthe). 
Redwing (7’. tliacus). Whinchat (Pratincola rubctra). 
Fieldfare (7. pilaris). Stonechat (P. rubicola). 
Blackbird (7. merula). Redstart (Ruticilla phenicurus). 


* Fide John Robertson and Hugh W. Wilson. 
+ Proc. Roy. Phy. Soc., Hdin,, Vol. III., p. 208, 


*~PATERSON—Birps or THE GLASGOW DisTRICT. 


*Black Redstart (R. titys). 
Redbreast (Hrithacus rudecula). 
Whitethroat (Sylvia cinerea). 
Lesser Whitethroat (S. curruca). 
Blackeap (S. atricapilla). 
Garden- Warbler (8S. hortensis). 
Golderest (Regulus cristatus). 
Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus rufus). 
Willow-Wren (P. trochilus). 
Wood-Wren (P. sibilatriz). 
Sedge-Warbler (Acrocephalus 


phragmitis). 
Grasshopper-Warbler (Locustedla 
NevIa). 
Hedge-Sparrow (Accentor modu- 
laris). 


Dipper (Cinclus aquaticus). 
Long-tailed Titmouse (Acredula 
caudata). 
Great Titmouse (Parus major). 
Coal-Titmouse (P. ater). 
*Marsh-Titmouse (P. palustris). 
Blue Titmouse (P. ceeruleus). 
Wren (T'roglodytes parvulus). 
Tree-Creeper (Certhia fanuliaris). 
Pied Wagtail ( Motaciila lugubris). 
*White Wastail (JZ. alba). 
Grey Wagtail (1. melanone). 
*Blue-headed Wagtail (M/. flava). 
Yellow Wagtail (MZ. razz). 
Tree-Pipit (Anthus trivialis). 
Meadow-Pipit (A. pratensis). 


Mealy Redpoll (Z. linaria). 
Lesser Redpoll.(L. rufescens). 

*Twite (L. flavirostris). 

*Bullfinch (Pyrrhula europea). 
Crossbill (Lowta curvirostra). 
Corn-Bunting (Hmberiza miliaria). 
Yellow Bunting (Z. citrinella). 
Reed-Bunting (2. schwmiclus). 
Snow-Bunting (Plectrophenax 

nivalis). 
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). 
Rose-coloured Starling 
roseus). 
Chough (Purrhocorax graculus). 

*Jay (Garrulus glandarius). 
Magpie (Pica rustica). 

Jackdaw (Corvus monedula). 
Raven (C. corax). 

Carrion-Crow (C. corone). 
Hooded Crow (C. cornia). 

Rook (C. frugilegus). 

Skylark (Alauda arvensis). 

Swiit (Cypselus apus). 

Nightjar (Caprimulgus ewropeus). 

*Wryneck (Iyna torquilla). 

*Great Spotted Woodpecker (Den- 

drocopus major). 
Kingfisher (Alcedo ispida). 
Bee-Eater ( Merops apiaster). 
Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). 
Barn-Owl (Stria flammea). 
*Long-eared Owl (Asto otus). 


(Pastor 


Great Grey Shrike (Lonius excubitor). Short-eared Owl (4. accipitrinus). 


Waxwing (A mpelis garrulus). 
Spotted Flycatcher 
grisola). 
Swallow (Hirundo rustica). 
House-Martin (Chelidon urbica). 
Sand-Martin (Cotile riparia). 
Greenfinch (Ligurinus chioris). 
Goldfinch (Carduelis elegans). 
Siskin (C. spinus). 


(Musctcapa 


House-Sparrow (Passer domesticus). 


Chaffinch (Fringitla celebs). 
*Brambling (F. montifringilla). 
Linnet (Linota eannabina). 


Tawny Owl (Syrniwm aluco). 
Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca). 
American Hawk-Owl (Surnia 
funerea). 
Hen-Harrier (Circus cyaneus). 
Buzzard (Buteo vulyaris). 
Rough-legged Buzzard (2. lagopus). 
Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaétus). 
White-tailed Eagle (Haliaétus albi- 
cilla). 
Sparrow-Hawk (Accipiter nisus). 
*Kite (Milvus ictinus). 
*Honey-Buzzard (Pernis apivorus). 


59 


60 


*Greenland Falcon (Falco candicans). 
Peregrine Falcon (F. pereyrinus). 
Merlin (F. esalon). 

Kestrel (F. tinnunculus). 
*Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo). 
*Shag (P. graculus). 

*Gannet (Sula bassana). 

Heron (Ardea cinerea). 

Bittern (Botaurus stellaris). 

Bean-Goose (Anser segecum). 

Grey Geese (spp. ?”). 

Barnacle-Goose (Bernicla leucopsis). 
*Bewick’s Swan (Cygnus bewicki). 
*Mute-Swan (C. olor). 

Common Sheld-Duck (T'adorna 

cornuta). 

Mallard (Anas boseas). 

*Gadwall (A. strepera). 

Shoveller (Spatula clypeata). 

Pintail (Dajfila acuta). 

Teal (Nettion crecca). 

Wigeon (Mareca penelope). 
*Pochard (Fuligula ferina). 

Tufted Duck (Ff. cristata). 

*Scaup Duck (F. maria). 

*Goldeneye (Clangula glaucion). 
Goosander (Mergus merganser). 
Red-breasted Merganser (J. ser- 

rator). 

Ring-Dove (Columba palumbus). 
*Stock-Dove (C. was). 

*Pallas’s Sand-Grouse (Syrrhaptes 

paradoxus). 

Capercaillie (Z'etrao urogallus). 

Black Grouse (7. tetrix). 

Red Grouse (Lagonus scoticus). 

Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). 

Partridge (Perdix cinerea). 

*Quail (Coturniz communis). 
Corn-Crake (Crex pratensis). 

*Spotted Crake (Porzana maruetia). 
Water-Rail (Rallus aquaticus). 
Moor-Hen (Gailinula chloropus). 
Common Coot (Fulica atra). 
Dotterel (Hudromias morinelius). 
Ringed Plover (Zgialitis hiaticola). 


THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Golden Plover (Charadrius pluvialis). 
*Grey Plover (Squatarola helvetica). 
Lapwing (Vanellus vulgaris). 
Oyster-Catcher (Hamatopus ostra- 
legus). 


Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus 
candidus). 

“Grey Phalarope (Phalaropus fuli- 
carius). 


Woodcock (Scolopaa rusticula). 

*Great Snipe (Gallinago major). 
Common Snipe (G. ce@lestis). 

Jack Snipe (G. gallinula). 
Dunlin (7'ringa alpina). 

*Little Stint (7. minzuta). 

*Curlew-Sandpiper (7, subarquata). 

*Ruff (Machetes pugnax). 

Common Sandpiper ( 7'otanus hypo- 
leucus). 

Green Sandpiper (7'. ochropus). 

Common Redshank ( 7’. calidris). 

*Spotted Redshank (7", fuscus). 
Greenshank (7'. canesceiis). 

*Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lap- 

pontca). 

*Black-tailed Godwit (L. belgica). 
Curlew (Numenius arquata). 

*Whimbrel (V. vhwopus). 

*Black Tern (Hydrochelidon nigra). 
Common Tern (Sterna fluviatilis). 
Black-headed Gull (Larus ridi- 

bundus). 
Common Gull (ZL. canus). 
Herring-Gull (L. argentutus). 
Lesser Black-backed Gull (LZ. fuscus). 

*Great Black-backed Gull (LZ. 

marinus). 

*Kittiwake Gull (Rissa tridactyla). 
Razorbill (Alca torda). 

Guillemot (Uria troile). 

*Little Auk (Mergulus alle). 

*Puffin (Fratercula arctica). 

*Black-throated Diver (Colymbus 

arcticus), 
Red-throated Diver (C. septen- 
trionalis). 


DAVIDSON—Birp-mIGRATION INQUIRY. 61 


Great-crested Grebe (Podicipes *Storm-Petrel (Procellaria pelagica). 


cristatus). *Fork-tailed Petrel (Oceanodroma 
Red-necked Grebe (P. griseigena). leucorrhoa). 
*Hared Grebe (P. nigricollis). *Manx Shearwater (Puffinus an- 
Little Grebe (P. jluwiatilis). glorum). 


Aberdeen University Bird-migration Inquiry. 


By W. Cameron Davipson. 


[Read 28th December, 1909. | 


Tue object of this inquiry, which will be continued for several 
years (1909-1915), is to arrive at some definite knowledge ot 
the movements of some of our migratory birds. In most cases 
we have only vague knowledge of their routes when migrating. 
In some cases we do not know where the birds go to when they 
leave this country. 

The marking of the birds is done by obtaining them either 
as young birds in the nest, or by careful trapping. They are then 
marked with light aluminium foot-rings, on which are stamped 
the words “Aberdeen University” and a number, and are 
set free. Care must be taken that only quite wild and 
uninjured birds are marked or the records will be abnormal. 
The rings are made very neat and light, and can in no 
way inconvenience the birds. An advertisement in suitable 
journals at home and abroad requests those who may shoot 
or capture a ringed bird to send the ring to Aberdeen 
University, with a note of the locality and date. This will be 
registered on a map and otherwise, and if returns are got for a 
sufficient percentage of the ringed birds, the desired knowledge 
should be gradually built up. The proportion of returns is 
sufficiently large to reward the work of marking. Twelve and 
even higher percentages have been obtained in Germany over a 
large series of experiments. 

The method to be followed in this inquiry is of course only 
supplementary to others, such as the collection of data from 
lighthouses and lightships, but it is claimed for it that it is suited 


62 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


to the study of certain points in connection with bird-migration 
which other methods leave almost untouched. Dealing as it does 
with the actual migrations of individual birds, instead of with 
general movements, it is expected to furnish valuable data with 
regard to routes—proof of the existence or otherwise of definite 
routes, and, if the former, particulars as to their nature and the 
extent to which they are adhered to. That such knowledge is 
necessary before the great fundamental problems of migration 
can be successfully approached should be obvious. 

The method has been tested and has been found to work well 
and to yield results even more valuable than might have been 
expected. One of the oldest pieces of marking work is that 
carried on since 1891 on the Duke of Northumberland’s 
estate at Alnwick, confined, however, to Woodcock. The most 
important, so far, is that which has been carried on very 
actively for half-a-dozen years from the Vogelwarte at Rossiten, 
on the Baltic coast of Germany. Of this Dr. Thienemann 
published a most important report this year in the Journal fiir 
Ornithologie. The chief work has been with Hooded Crows, 
and an almost complete account of the migrations of the members 
of this species passing Rossitten has now been worked out. 
- White storks also have received much attention, and six returns 
have been got from various parts of Africa. The migrations of 
black-headed gulls, breeding at Rossitten, are also proving of 
interest. One ot these birds was recently obtained in Norfolk. 
Much valuable work has also been done by H. C. C. Mortensen, 
of Viborg, Denmark, several of whose birds, chiefly teal, have 
been recovered in this country. The Hungarian Ornithological 
Department is now taking the matter up, while in this country 
it is now receiving much attention. Several persons, in addition 
to the Duke of Northumberland, have done good work ona 
small scale, but this spring a larger inquiry was set afoot at 
Aberdeen University, and it has been closely followed in the 
field by one in connection with the magazine Lritish Birds. 

It is the Aberdeen University Bird- migration Inquiry 
which I wish to recommend to Scottish naturalists. It is 
being managed from the Natural History Department of 
the University, under the supervision of Professor J. 
Arthur Thomson. It has the approval of many well-known 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 63 


Scottish ornithologists, including Mr. W. Eagle Clarke and Mr. 
Wm. Evans. About a hundred persons have offered to help with 
the marking next season, and it is expected that some thousands 
of birds will be ringed. Any person interested is asked to apply 
for particulars and rings to the Secretary, Mr. A. Landsborough 
Thomson, at the University. All naturalists are asked to make 
sure that any Aberdeen-ringed birds that they hear of are 
notified to him, 

Several hundred birds were marked last season by the co- 
operators in this inquiry, and a few returns have already been 
obtained. Of these the only one of note is that of a Wigeon 
(Mareca penelope), ‘‘ Aberdeen University, 2050,” which was one 
of a brood of five marked by Mr. F. Gunnis, on Loch Brora, 
Sutherland, on June 19th, and was shot at Westpolder, Ubrum, 
Province of Groningen, North-Eastern Holland, on September 
3rd. The bird had therefore travelled a distance of about 500 
miles in a south-easterly direction, and had borne the ring 
for 24 months. 


Proceedings of the Society. 


The third meeting of Session 1909-1910 took place on 30th 
November, 1909, Mr. John Paterson, President, in the chair. 

Messrs. Archd. Macintyre, Ardenhurst, Hamilton, Stanley H. 
Miller, 12 Hamilton Park Terrace, Glasgow, and James G. 
Robertson, Lyndhurst, Glasgow Road, East Kilbride, were 
elected as Ordinary Members. 

Mr. R. B. Johnstone sent a report of a joint-excursion with 
the Andersonian Naturalists’ Society and Coatbridge Field 
Naturalists’ Society to Drumpellier Glen for Fungi. The only 
species observed deserving notice was 7'remella tubercularia, Berk. 

Mr. Peter M‘Nair sent for exhibition from Kelvingrove 
Museum, Glasgow, Polyporus lucidus, Berkeley, found in a bog 
at Barah, Ballinamallard. Fermanagh, Ireland. Particular 
interest was added to this exhibit by P. ducidus, Fries, having 
been recently shown to members from Inchlonaig, Loch Lomond 
(The Glasgow Naturalist, Vol. I. p. 138). Writing about this 
Trish fungus Dr. C. B, Plowright says:—‘The specimen of 


64 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Polyporus lucidus trom the peat bog in Ireland is very interest- 
“ing, and corresponds closely with one from the Lincolnshire 
“ Fens, which is now in the Kew Museum, This is figured in 
“ Miller and Sketchly’s book on the Fenland, Past and Present 
(1870, p. 318, fig 17). Mr. W. G. Smith sketched and 
“enoraved this from the specimen at Kew to illustrate the 
“article on Fenland Fungi. Originally named Polyporus lucidus 
“by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, it of course departs from the type 
“with an excentric stem, but it is certainly the same fungus as 
“the Kew plant. Mr. Berkeley’s account of it is in the Journal 
“of the Linnean Society, Vol. I. p. 52. As far as I know, these 
“two specimens are the only ones extant.” 

Mr. James F. Gemmill, M.A., M.D., exhibited a parastic 
cestode, Schistocephalus dimorphus, Creplin, from Lounsdale Pond, 
Gleniffer (Renfrew) (see page 11). Dr. Gemmill also exhibited 
an apparatus he had designed for the automatic aeration of 
aquaria, &c. The essential features in its working were (1) a 
constant inflow of water into a closed chamber forces the con- 
tained air through the aerating nozzles; (2) the chamber is 
emptied from time to time by siphon action, air being allowed 
to replace the water siphoned off. Two varieties of the apparatus 
were exhibited, one for producing ordinary air-bubbles, and the 
other for giving very fine streams of bubbles under pressure. 
The aerator has been working with perfect regularity during 
the last eight months in the Embryology Laboratory at the 
University of Glasgow, and during the last three months at 
the Millport Marine Station. 

Mr. James J. F. X. King, F.E.S., exhibited a type collection 
of the Clydesdale Copeognatha or Psocidee, and read a list of the 
species known to occur in the Clyde area (see page 34). 

Mr. Hugh W. Wilson exhibited, with the aid of the lantern, 
an extensive series of slides to illustrate an ornithologist’s ‘ Day 
in Bute.” ‘The slides, which were distinguished (apart from the 
interest of the subjects) by the high degree of technical excellence 
which we locally associate with Mr. Wilson’s work, were greatly 
admired. 

Mr. P. Ewing, F.L.S., exhibited for Mr. John Smith, Correspond- 
ing Member, Juncus inflecus, L. (J. glaucus, Sibth.), from an old 
quarry at Kirtlebridge. It is a common plant in Mid-Britain. 


(CONTINUED.) 


The Glasgow Waturalist 


The Journal of the NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 
OF GLASGOW 


(Including the Transactions and Proceedings of the Society, Third Series). 


Vol. Il., No3.] [May, 1910. 


Thomas Gray. 
By JosepH SOMMERVILLE. 


[Read 26th April, 1910.] 


Many of you will remember the late William Ferguson, of 
Kinmundy, reading a paper to the Society entitled “ Remini- 
scences of the Harly Days of the Natural History Society of 
Glasgow.” It was read on the 27th November, 1902, and is now 
printed in Vol. VII. (N.S8.), page 9, of the Society’s Transactions. 

In that paper he gives the names of twelve original members 
and amongst the twelve he incltdes Dr. Scouler, who had come 
from Dublin to read a paper at their second meeting ; Dr. Scouler 
at that meeting was elected Honorary President. 

The original members and the order in which they are given 
in the Minute Book are as follows :—William Gourlie, Wm. B. 
Lorrain, M.D., Thomas Gray, John Gray, Robert Gray, 
Archibald Gray, William Ferguson, Thomas Ferguson, William 
Keddie, James P. Fraser, and Hugh Colquhoun, M.D. 

At the time Dr. Ferguson read his paper there were three of 
the original members still alive, himself, his brother Thomas, and 
Thomas Gray. 

Notice has been taken of the following original members at 
the time of their decease:—To William Gourlie, the first 
President, there is an excellent tribute paid by James P. Fraser. 
This only appears in the Minute Book, there being no 7Zrans- 
actions published at that time. William Gourlie died in 1856, 
There are notices in the 7’ransactions of William Keddie, who 
died in 1877 (see Vol. I., page 223); of Dr. Colquhoun, who 
died in 1878 (see Vol. 1V., page 7) ; of Robert Gray, who died in 
1887 (see Vol. II., N.S., page 22); and of William Ferguson, 
who died in 1904 (see Vol. VIT., N.S., page 300). 

E 


66 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


I can find no notice of the time of the death of Dr. Lorrain, 
except that he was dead prior to November, 1863; neither is 
there any notice of the deaths of John Gray, who died in 1878; 
Archibald Gray, who died in 1873; Thomas Ferguson, who died 
in 1907 ; or James Pinkerton Fraser. In the case of James P. 
Fraser it is surprising there is no notice of him, as he was 
certainly one of the leading men of the original group, was the 
first Secretary and Treasurer, and succeeded William Gourlie as 
President; he was also the first President of the Geological 
Society of Glasgow. 

It now falls to us to chronicle the death of the last of the 
original members of this Society, Mr. Thomas Gray, who died on 
the 22nd January of this year, in his 90th year. Mr. Gray had 
enjoyed excellent health during his long life, and it was only 
three days before his death that it was found necessary, quite 
unexpectedly, to perform an operation. This, although successful 
at the time, proved too much for a man of his advanced years, 
and he succumbed to the effects of it, fortunately without 
suffering pain. 

His father, Thomas Gray, resided in Monteith Row, and was 
a well-known citizen in the early part of the last century. He 
was a builder to trade, and enjoyed the distinction of being 
Deacon of the Incorporation of Masons. He was also a steward 
at the famous Peel Banquet in 1837, when Sir Robert Peel was 
installed Lord Rector of the University. 

Mr. Gray was therefore a native of Glasgow, and was born on 
the 5th April, 1820; he was educated at the old Grammar 
School, now the High School. At the Grammar School his 
master was Dr. Lorrain. the father of Dr. W. B. Lorrain, who 
was another of the original members of this Society. Mr. Gray 
always entertained a high respect for his old Latin master, and 
was a life-long friend of his son. He also attended the University 
ot Glasgow for two sessions. 

Mr. Gray took an active part in the work of the Society in its 
early years. He was elected Vice-President on the 3rd February, 
1852, an office which he held until July, 1854. His special 
branch of Natural History was conchology. On 4th November, 
1851, he exhibited two species of fossil Terebratula from the 
chalk, both of which he stated he had cleaned out, but that he 


OBITUARY. 67 


could not discover any trace of that peculiar process so often 
figured in fossil specimens of that genus, denominated the 
“carriage spring.” The specimens were very interesting, and had 
the appearance of being recent. On 3rd March, 1852, he read a 
paper on the Strombus in the Hunterian Museum, illustrated by 
a beautiful drawing in water colour, which he had prepared. It 
was proposed that this paper should be printed in full, with a 
lithographic drawing of the shell. This was never done by the 
Society, as it was found there were no funds to doit. On 5th 
July, 1853, he read a paper containing descriptions of two new 
species of shells belonging to the genera Harpa and Mitra, of 
Lamarck—Harpa virginalis and Mitra albalineata. 

On 24th November, 1863, the Society held a conversazione 
and exhibition in the Queen’s Rooms, and one of the features of 
the exhibition was the collection of foreign shells exhibited by 
Mr. Gray. 

About the year 1853, Mr. Gray was asked to arrange and 
classify the collection of shells in the Hunterian Museum, and 
for his services was specially thanked by Principal Macfarlane. 
About the same time he delivered a series of lectures on conchology 
in the Andersonian University, which were well attended and 
much appreciated. 

While quite a youth Mr. Gray was attracted by natural history 
pursuits, especially the study of conchology. He was a student 
and collector in other branches, forming at one time a fine col- 
lection of coins, and an exceedingly interesting collection of old 
and rare books, including several specimens from the press of 
Wynkyn de Worde (Caxton’s foreman), but his collection of shells 
was always his favourite, and it was believed to be the finest 
private collection in Britain. 

As you are all aware, he bequeathed his collection of shells to 
the Corporation of Glasgow, to be exhibited in Kelvingrove 
Museum, where it now is. Through the kindness of the Curator, 
Mr. Paton, we have the pleasure of seeing some of the gems of 
the collection, which are now on the table. 

The terms of the bequest are characteristic of the donor, and 
are worth quoting :— 

“T direct my Trustees to hand over to the Corporation of the 
City of Glasgow my collection of shells, together with the cabinets 


68 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


(four in number) which contain them, and also the manuscript 
catalogue of them, in a small quarto volume, to be found in one 
of my bookcases. This collection, the ‘vecreatio mentis et oculi’ 
of the spare hours of a long and busy life, is. I have reason to 
believe, the finest and most complete of either public or private 
to be found in North Britain, and contains nearly seven thousand 
species from all parts of the globe, several of which are unique, 
many of considerable rarity, and all, with few exceptions, beauti- 
ful and perfect of their kind. 

“Tt is my desire that for educational purposes the collection be 
arranged in a manner similar to that adopted by myself, each 
species having its label attached, and exposed to public view in 
table cases in one of the Natural History sections of the 
Museum at Kelvingrove.” 

The catalogue referred to was started by Mr. Gray when he 
was eighty-one years of age. It took him two years to finish it. 
The volume, written in his own hand-writing, with the most 
scrupulous care, was handed over to the Corporation along with 
the collection, and is a striking testimony both to Mr. Gray’s 
energy and vitality, and to his devotion to his subject. 

Mr. Gray took no part in public life, his nature being that of 
the student. He was a member—one of the first members—of 
Kelvinside United Free Church, and one of the now greatly- 
diminished members who came out at the Disruption. He was 
married, but left no family, and his wife predeceased him sixteen 
years ago. 

Owing to his great age, Mr. Gray had outlived nearly all his 
contemporaries ; indeed, to most members of the Society he will . 
hardly be known even by name, but he has often expressed his 
pride in being one of its founders. 


John Gray. 


By JosepH SOMMERVILLE. 


Ir may not be out of place to refer here to another of the 
original members of the Society of whose death I can find no 
notice, either in the Minutes or Z’vransactions of the Society, 
namely, Mr. John Gray. Mr. John Gray was a younger brother 


BAXTER.—Birps or GARELOCHHEAD. 69 


of Thomas Gray, his chief department of natural history was 
entomology, and he was also interested in numismatics, in which 
he was looked upon as an authority in Scotland. 

At the meeting of 5th August, 1851, he read a paper: ‘On the 
Hydrocanthari of the West of Scotland ;” and on 2nd September, 
1851, he exhibited fine specimens of Acanthocinus edilis and 
Trechus fasciatus, both rare beetles from the Black Forest, 
Perthshire. 

On 2nd November, 1852, he exhibited specimens of Drepania 
Julcataria and Colias edusa, the latter from Largs. 

On Ist November, 1853, he exhibited a series of the more 
remarkable coleopterous insects from the East Indies, and also a 
curious type of crustacean from Ceylon ; and on the same evening 
he read a paper: “On the progress of Entomological Science 
after the Dark Ages till the era of Linneus.” On 6th June, 
1854, he read a paper: ‘On the formation of Minor Groups in 
the Annulosa.” 

He was elected Secretary to the Society on the 4th July, 1854, 
but he only held this office for a short time. He was elected 
Vice-president on 24th September, 1861. He will, however, be 
best remembered as the author of the Biography of David Ure, 
the author of the ‘History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride.” 
This excellent little biograpny is dedieated to William Ferguson, 
F.L.S., F.G.S., Esquire, of Kinmundy. It was published in 1865. 

Mr. John Gray died in 1878. at the comparatively early age of 
50 years. 

I am indebted to his son, Mr. Wm. R. J. Gray, of the firm of 
M‘Kechnie & Gray, Writers, in this city, for most of the 
particulars which I have just read. 


Summer Notes on the Birds of Garelochhead. 
By W. R. Baxter. 


[Read 22nd February, 1910.] 


Tue following notes relate to the summers of 1908 and 1909, 
in both of which years I spent the month of June at 
Garelochhead, travelling to Glasgow daily, and also made one or 


70 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


two Saturday afternoon visits to the district at other times 
during the spring and early summer. Except for the week-ends, 
which were largely devoted to photography, my opportunities for 
observation were restricted to the evenings, and an occasional 
hour or two in the early mornings. Principally on that account 
I confined myself almost entirely to the small area lying between 
Whistletield and the Garelochhead Reservoir on the north, and, 
on the south, Faslane Bay on the east side, and Mambeg on the 
west side of the Gareloch ; a land area of about six square miles. 
On most of my rambles I had the companionship of Mr. A. 
Douglas M‘Call, who is resident in Garelochhead, and takes a 
keen interest in the bird-life of the district, and to him I am 
indebted for information and assistance in many ways. 

Taking the species observed in order, they were :— 

MistLe-THrusu (Z'urdus viscivorus). Fairly common. I saw 
three nests in June, 1909, and was told of other three which I 
did not see. 

SMES Laer ce MUSICUS ).— | Abundantes 

BLACKBIRD (7’. merula).— i) 

Rinc-Ovuzeu (7. torquatus),— My only record of this species is 
hearing its wild song one June evening on the hill behind the 
water-works. 

WHEATEAR (Saxicola wnanthe).—Scarce. Only one pair was 
seen in 1909, and none in the previous year. 

Wuincuat (Pratincola rubetra).—The commonest Chat in the 
district. There were about half-a-dozen pairs nesting in the 
rough ground on the hill-sides. 

STonNECHAT (P. rwdicola).—Less plentiful than the last species. 
Only two pairs were observed in 1908. One was haunting a 
corner of Lochan na Glas Loaigh, and appeared to be nesting 
among the long heather there. The other pair was in a small 
patch of whin-covered ground near the head of the Gareloch. In 
1909 the Lochan pair was again seen at the old spot. In early 
June of the same year I saw a pair of birds with four young ones 
among the long heather on Carloch Hill, and another pair on 
whin-covered ground above Faslane. 

REDSTART (Ruticilla phenicurus).—This is a common bird in 
the district. In June 1909 five nests were found and the 
whereabouts of a number of others located. This species 


BAXTER.—Birps or GARELOCHHEAD. 71 


> 


appeared to be well distributed from Garelochhead northwards 
along Loch Long and Loch Lomond side, and right up Glen 
Falloch. The ground is well suited to its nesting habits. 

Rosin (Hrithacus rubecula).—Common ; nesting all over the 
district. 

Wuireraroat (Sylvia cinerea)—Common. In June, 1908, 
five, and in June, 1909, nine nests were found, and there must 
have been many more, as every suitable bit of rough ground 
appeared to hold a pair of these birds. 

GARrDEN- WARBLER (S. horiensis).—In 1908 I saw one nest with 
five eggs at Faslane, but did not find the birds back there in 
1909. In the latter year I only once heard the song of the 
Garden-Warbler, and this time it was near Mambeg, on the 
opposite side of the Gareloch. 3 

JotporEst (Regulus cristatus).—Pretty generally distributed. 

Wittow-WreN (Lhylloscopus trochilus).—Very common. If 
saw well over a dozen nests in each year, and did not specially 
search for them. The clutches varied from five to seven eggs, 
but in none of the nests under observation did more than six eggs 
hatch out, one egg in each clutch of seven being apparently 
infertile. 

Woop-Wren (P. sibilatrix).— Almost, if not quite, as common 
as the last species. Every patch of woodland, no matter how 
small, held one or more pairs. The nest is more cunningly 
concealed than that of the Willow-Wren, and not nearly so 
many were found, the numbers being only four in 1908 and seven 
in 1909. 

GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER (Locustel/a nevia).—I did not come 
across this species at all in 1908, but in 1909 there were at least 
four pairs nesting in the area. I often heard their unmusical 

whirring song when it was too dark to see the birds, but I only 
once had a good opportunity of observing a pair. This was on 
the 26th of June, an oppressively warm sultry afternoon. So 
long as I kept still, or moved very cautiously, the male, who was 
singing vigorously, took no notice of my presence, but allowed 
me to get within a few feet of him, near enough to distinguish the 
spots on the breast and the faint bars on the tail. He flitted 
restlessly from the top of one clump of bog-myrtle to another, 
delivering his song from each, his whole body quivering as he 


72 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


sang. After a time he was joined by his mate, and both birds 
moved uneasily about, uttering a single weak alarm note. I 
have no doubt they had a nest near, but I did not succeed in 
finding it. 

Hepce-Sparrow (Accentor modularis)—Nests commonly 
throughout the district. 

Dipper (Cinclus aquaticus).—Frequents most of the streams. 
Each year I saw several nests which had been occupied earlier in 
the season. 

LonetaILep Titmouse (Acredula caudata).—I only saw two 
nests of this species, one of which was situated high up in a large 
oak tree overhanging the public road, but I had many 
opportunities of observing family parties flying about. 

Great Titmouse (Parus major). — Fairly common. The 
favourite nesting sites were in holes in birch and ash stumps, but 


one pair chose an iron pump in a garden, which had been occu- 
pied by them for many years in succession. 

Coat-TirmousE (P. ater).—The least common of the four Tits 
observed in the district. This bird was seldom seen, and only 
one nesting-place was known to me in 1908, and two in 1909. 

RuivEe-Tirmouse (P. ceruleus).— Common, and always in 
- evidence. Half a dozen nests were known to me in each year. 
One pair nested in a small hole in a branch of a large ash tree. 
A pair of Tawny-Owls had their nest in a hollow in the same 
tree, and the Tits did not appear to be the least in awe of their 
large neighbours. 

Wren (Troglodytes parvulus).—Very common. 

TREE-CREEPER (Certhia familiaris). — Generally distributed, 
and more often heard than seen. I knew of four nesting places 
in this small area, and am convinced that the species is much 
more common than it is usually supposed to be. 

Prep Waaerait (Motacilla lugubris). ee of these Wagtails 

Grey Waartait (I. melanope). nest in the district. 
The Grey is more frequently seen than the Pied, but neither can 
be called common, 

Tree-Pipit (Anthus trivialis).—Three nests were found in 1908 
and five in 1909. In nearly every case the nests were on the 
moorland, just outside the woods. One of the nests found last 
year contained four eggs of the Tree Pipit and one of the Cuckoo. 


BAXTER.—Birps oF GARELOCHHEAD. eo 


? 


Meapow-Pipir (A. pratensis)—Common on the higher moors. 

Rock-Pirir (A. obscurus).—This species was not observed on 
the Gareloch, but it is common along Loch Long side. 

Sporrep Firycarcumr (Wuscicapa grisola)—A common bird in 
the district. Seven nests were seen in 1908, and six in 1909. One 
was placed two feet from the ground in a wall by the side of the 
public road, and was so exposed that it could hardly escape the 
notice of any passer-by. 

Swattow (Hirundo rustiica).— \ Both common. The 

Hovuse-Marrin (Chelidon urbica).— Martins nest plen- 
tifully under the eaves of houses all over the village. 

Sanp-Marvin (Cottle riparia).—Oceasionally seen. It nests in 
Glen Fruin, but I do not know of any nesting-place nearer to 
Garelochhead. 

GREENFINCH (Ligurinus chloris).—Only a single nest was seen 
in each season, but the bird was quite common. 

Housn-Sparrow (/asser domesticus).—Abundant everywhere. 

CuarrincH (/ringtlla celebs)—Common. Many nests were 
found in each year. 

Lixner (Linota cannabina).—Scarce. I seldom saw the bird, 
and only knew of one nest. 

Lesser Reppott (L. rufescens)—Much more frequently 
seen and heard than the Linnet. Two pairs nested at Faslane in 
1909, both nests being high up in birch trees. One of these was 
built in a “witch's broom,” and I am informed by several 
witnesses who watched the operation that three birds worked at 
its construction. 

Buuurincn (Pyrrhula europea).—I did not happen to see this 
species at all, but I was told of two instances of its having nested 
in gardens and I have seen eggs taken in the district. 

Yettow Hammer (Lmberiza citrinella).—This is the only 
Bunting observed in the area, and it is not very common. 

SWARLING (Sturnus vulgaris).—Very common. It is rather a 
nuisance to pigeon fanciers, as it uses their dovecots for nesting 
purposes, ousting the legitimate occupants. In addition to many 
nests in the usual situations in holes in trees and _ buildings, 
several were found in the tops of high laurels in a garden. These 
nests were large untidy structures, composed of dirty straws from 
the stable heap, and lined with hay and hens’ feathers. They 


74 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


much resembled the nests which house sparrows build in similar 
situations, but were very much larger, and were open at the top. 

Jay (Garrulus glandarius).—My only record of this species is 
seeing one bird on the road near Shandon. I have not heard of 
its having been found nesting in the area within recent years, 
but I am informed that it was once by no means rare as a nesting 
species, but has been practically exterminated by the gamekeepers. 
The same fate has overtaken its near relation, the Macpize (Pica 
rustica), Which is said to have been numerous at one time, but of 
which I found no trace whatever. 

RavEN (Corvus corax).—A pair has nested regularly for many 
years at Finnart. 

Carrion-Crow (C. corone).—\) Both crows nest in the 

Hoopep-Crow (C. cornix).— district, and are known, 
indiscriminately, as “hoodies” by the gamekeepers and shep- 
herds, who consider them much too common. ‘They nest in the 
gorge of the Garelochhead Burn, and in one or two 
other places near the village, and much more numerously in the 
wilder country along Loch Long side, between Coulport and 
Portincaple. One shepherd told me that he had destroyed five 
nests on his ground in the spring of 1909. 

Rook (C. frugilegus).—There is no rookery in the area, but one 
or two pairs occasionally nest. In 1909 a single pair nested in a 
garden in the village. 

Skyxark (Alauda arvensis).—Fairly common on the pasture- 
land. 

Swirt (Cypselus apus).—About half-adozen pairs nest in the 
schoolhouse. 

Nicursar (Caprimulgus europeus).—This species was only seen 
twice. One fine evening in June, 1908, I watched two birds 
hawking for insects over a grassfield on the shore, and on another 
occasion, in June, 1909, while returning homewards in the 
gloaming, I was accompanied part of the way down the hillside 
by a nightjar, which circled round me, snapping up the moths 
which I dislodged as I pushed my way through the bracken and 
heather. 

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus).—Fairly common, taking a prominent 
part in the bird music of the district. 

Tawny Own (Syrniwvm aluco).—This is the only owl about 


BAXTER.—Birps oF GARELOCHHEAD. (05) 


which I have any certain information, although 1 am informed 
that the Barn-Owl (Séria flammea) also nests in the area. The 
Tawny Owl is by no means uncommon, and could be heard 
“hooting” every night. I knew four nesting places, one of 
which was a hole in the ground. This did not appear to be a 
rabbit hole, but was a short burrow about 3 feet deep, consisting 
of a passage 2 feet long, with a larger chamber at the back. 
It was not occupied when I saw it, but it contained a quantity 
of the owls’ castings, and there were three owlets in the 
trees close at hand. The family of Tawny Owls with which I 
enjoyed the most intimate acquaintance occupied a hollow ash 
tree. Mr. Douglas M‘Call, who has kept this nest under close 
observation for a number of years, informs me that the first egg 
is laid regularly on, or near, the 25th of March. In 1908 the 
birds suffered severe persecution at the hands of bird-nesting boys, 
four clutches of three eggs each having been taken in succession, 
after which no further attempt at nesting was made that season. In 
1909 they were more successful, largely in consequence of the 
friendly assistance of Mr. M‘Call, who made access to the nest 
more difficult by removing some of the lower branches of the tree 
and encircling the trunk with barbed wife. In spite of this, 
however, the first clutch was taken. The first egg was laid as 
usual on 25th March, and, when I visited the nest on 12th April, 
it contained three eggs, much incubated. I visited it again on 
8th May, expecting to find young birds, but found only an empty 
hole. A second clutch was laid, this time consisting of four eggs. 
Unfortunately I have not the dates, but one egg must have been 
laid a considerable time after the others, because, when I 
examined them on 2nd June, three were “hard sat” and one 
was fresh. All four hatched out. The old birds, when returning 
to the nest, never alighted on the tree, but flew straight to the 
top of the nesting hole and tumbled into it in a comically-clumsy 
manner. The young birds were not sufficiently mature to sit 
for their photographs when I left Garelochhead, at the end 
of June, but I paid them another visit on 7th July along with 
Mr. M‘Call, and took them from the nest for that purpose. The 
parent birds did not appreciate our attentions to their offspring, 
and while I was posing the youngsters on a branch I got a pretty 
hard knock on the head from one of the old birds, which swooped 
at me from behind and lifted off my cap in its talons. 


76 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Common Buzzarp (Buteo vulgaris)—One pair nested in the 
area in 1909. 

SPaRROW-HAWK (Accipiter nisus) nests in the district, but, 
thanks to the attentions of the gamekeepers, it is not common. 

Kestret (falco tinnunculus) is frequently seen. It nests on 
Loch Long side, between Coulport and Portincaple, and also, I 
am informed, in the gorge of the Garelochhead burn, north of the 
railway viaduct. 

Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), | are occasional visitors to 

GANNETT (Sula bassana), the loch. 

Heron (Ardea cinerea) is commonly seen fishing at the head 
of the Gareloch, and also about the Lochan and reservoir, as is 
to be expected from the proximity of the heronry at Roseneath. 
It occasionally nests in the area, but I am not aware of any 
record of its having done so since 1905. Although this species 
usually nests in colonies, single nests are not infrequent, and I 
have records of several such having been found at various places 
on both sides of Loch Long, between Portincaple and Arrochar, 
during the past three or four years. 

Ma.iarp (Anas boscas).—One or two pairs nest in the neigh- 
bourhood of Lochan, na Glas Loaigh, and also near the reservoir. 

TEAL (Querquedula crecca).—Not common. It is reported as 
nesting at the Lochan, and I saw a pair there in June, 1908, but 
I did not see it at all last year. 

ReED-BREASTED Mrrcanser (J/ergus serrator).—I knew one 
nest at the Lochan in 1909. It was situated among heather, 
about a yard from the water’s edge, and was very well concealed. 
I was told that another pair had nested near Mambeg pier, but 
I have no satisfactory evidence of this. It is a fairly common 
species along Loch Long side, where I saw several broods each 
year. 

Rinc-pove (Columba palumbus) is the only dove nesting in the 
area, and is common. 

Buack Grouss ( /'etrao tetria).—Two nests were seen in 1909. 

Rep Grouse (Lagopus scoticus).—The moors are preserved, 
and are well stocked with this species. 

Pazasant (Phasianus colchicus).—Common. IJ did not see 
any nests in the woods, where much of my time was spent, but 
found several on the hillsides among heather and grass. 


2 Sat 5 OSS eR eR A ea 


BAXTER.—Birpbs oF GARELOCHHEAD. rire 


Lanpralt (Crea pratensis).—One pair occupied a hayfield at 
Faslane. I did not hear its familiar “crake” anywhere else in 
the district. 

LAPWING (Vanellus vulgaris).—Very common as a nesting 
species. 

OystEeR-CatcHER (/Hematopus ostralegus).—Occasionally seen 
on the shore, but does not appear to nest. 

Woopncock (Scolopax rusticula).—Nests throughout the area. 
I heard of several nests each year on both sides of the loch, but 
was too late in visiting the district to see any of them. 1 saw a 
few young birds, however, and seldom passed through the 
plantations without putting up several old ones. They could be 
heard and seen in flight every evening about twilight. 

Common Snipe (Gallinago celestis)—Nests commonly in the 
area. 

Common Sanppiper (Zotanus hyvoleucus)—Common. Six 
nests were seen in June, 1909. 

RepsHANK (Zotanus calidris).—Fairly common. I saw about 
half-a-dozen pairs, two of them with young broods, and heard of 
several nests having been found earlier in the season. 

CurLew (Vumenius arquata).—A common nesting species. 

Common TERN (Sterna fluviatilis).— 

BLACK-HEADED GULL (Larus ridibundus).— 

Common Gutt (L. canus).— 

Herrine-Guiu (L. argentatus).— 

Lesser BLACK-BACKED GULL (ZL, fuscus).— 

RazorBi1u (Alca torda).— 

GuiitiEemor (Uria troile).— 

On comparing my notes for 1908 and 1909 I find little 
difference between the two years. The numbers of each species 
were much the same in each season, and the number of nests 
actually recorded is not to be taken as an indication of com 
parative distribution. It may, however, be worth noting that in 
1908 I had no indication whatever of the presence of the 
Grasshopper- Warbler, although I was working exactly the same 
ground where it was so much in evidence last year. It is 
possible that there was an unusual immigration of the species in 
1909. On the 27th of May in that year I heard it at Ardlui 
and two places in Glen Falloch, and in the beginning of July I 


All these species 
frequent the 
Gareloch, but 
none of them 
nests in the 
area. 


78 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


found it at Tyndrum, and also at Loch Tulla, in the Black Mount 
Forest. In the last named locality it appeared to be abundant. 
Mr. Thornton MacKeith, in his paper on the birds of Shiskin (The 
Glasgow Naturalist, Vol. II., p. 20), made special reference to 
the commonness of the Grasshopper-Warbler in that district last 
year. I have myself during the last ten years or so found it in 
Arran, at Brodick and Loch Ranza, as well as at Shiskin, but at 
no time in anything like the extraordinary abundance recorded 
by Mr. MacKeith. 

Another point which may be noted is the absence from the 
foregoing list of several species which one might have expected 
to find. Among those which I looked for, but failed to discover, 
are the Sedge-Warbler, Twite, Reed-Bunting, Stock-Dove, and 
Waterhen. The absence of these species cannot be accounted 
for by any lack of suitable habitat, and I do not think I would 
have overlooked them had they been present in the district. 


List of Aquatic Coleoptera from the Monklands 
(Lanarkshire). 


By Wm. J. M‘Leop. 


[Read 22nd February, 1910. ] 


Tue following list is the result of general collecting within the 
Monklands. The species are already recorded as occurring within 
the Clyde area, but, as the localities are all new, the list may 
prove useful as an addition to the distribution of the species. 
The district over which the captures were made ranges from 
Carmyle on the west to Whiterigg on the east, and from Woodend 
Loch on the north to the Calder Water.on the south—comprising 
the Parishes of Old and New Monkland. The work was under- 
taken at the instance of the Coatbridge Naturalists’ Association, 
as a contribution towards a list of the fauna and flora of the 
Monkland Parishes being compiled by that society. The separate 
localities are appended in the list, and I have no doubt that, with 
a little more extended searching, a few more species of this group 
may be recorded for the district. 


M‘LEOD.—Agquatic COLEOPTERA. 9 
Mr. A. E. Newbery has kindly verified any doubtful species. 


Fam. Haliplidae. 
Brychius elevatus, Panz.—Clyde at Carmyle. Scarce. 
Haliplus confinis, Steph.—In a pond at Whiterigg. Common. 
H. flavicollis, Stwrm.—In Woodend Loch, Coatbridge. Occa- 


sionally. 
H. fulvus, “ab.—In lochs and ditches, Coatbridge. Common. 
H. ruficollis, De G.— Do. do. 
H. lineatocollis, Marsh— Do. do. 


Fam. Dytiscidae. 

Deronectes assimilis, Payk.—Lochend, Coatbridge. Occa- 
sionally. 

D. depressus, “ab.—Running water, Coatbridge, and Clyde at 
Carmyle. Occasionally. 

D. duodecimpustulatus, “ad.—Clyde at Mount Vernon. 
Scarce. 

Hydroporus rivalis, @yi/.—In streams, Coatbridge; Clyde ; 
Mount Vernon. Common. 

H. septentrionalis, Gy//.—Clyde ; Mount Vernon. Scarce. 

H. davisli, Curt.—In streams, Coatbridge ; Calder Water. 
Occasionally. 

H. gyllenhali, Schiédte.—Peaty pools, Coatbridge and White- 
rigg. Common. 

H. palustris, L.—Common all over district. 

H. erythrocephalus, L.—Ponds, Coatbridge. Common. 

H. memnonius, Vic.—Ponds, Coatbridge, and by shaking 
sphagnum. Occasionaliy. 

H. pubescens, (y//.—Ponds, Coatbridge and Whiterigg. 
Common. 

H. planus, “ab.—Ponds, Coatbridge. Common. 

H. ferrugineus, Steph.—In a ditch, Coatbridge. Rare. 

Agabus guttatus, Payk.—In streams, Coatbridge. Occasionally. 

A. paludosus, /ab.—In ditches, Coatbridge. Not common. 

A. affinis, Payk.—Lochend, Coatbridge ; and ponds, Whiterigg. 
Common. 

A. congener, Payk.—Peaty pool, Whiterigg. Rare. 

A. nebulosus, Yorst.—Pond near Bishop Loch, and Coatbridge 
Common, 


80 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


A. femoralis, Payk.—Bishop Loch. Scarce. 

A. areticus, Payk.—Peaty pools, Whiterigg. Common. 

A. sturmii, Gyi/.—Coatbridge. Common. 

A. ehaleonotus, Panz.—Bishop Loch. Scarce. 

A. bipustulatus, L.—Common all over the district. 

Platambus maculatus, L.—In streams, Coatbridge, and Clyde 
at Carmyle. Common. 

Ilybius fuliginosus, “ab.—In streams and ponds, Coatbridge 
Common. 

I. ater, De G.—Lochend, Coatbridge. Common. 

I. enescens, 7’homs.—Peaty pool, Whiterigg. Rare. 

Rhantus exoletus, Yorst.—Lochend, Coatbridge. Common. 

R. bistriatus, Berg.—Coatbridge and Whiterigg. Scarce. 

Colymbetes fuscus, L.—Lochs and ponds, Coatbridge. Common. 

Dytiseus punctulatus, “ab.— Do. do. 

D. marginalis, L.—Lochs and ponds, Coatbridge. Not so 
common as preceding species. 

Acilius suleatus, L., var. scoticus, Cw7t.—Ponds, Coatbridge 
and Whiterigg. Not common. 

A. fasciatus, De G.—Ponds, Coatbridge and Whiterigg, Scarce. 


On some Flowering Plants exhibited. 


By Lavresce Wart. 


[Read 29th March, 1910.] 


Ranunculus peltatus, Schrank, var. truncatus, Hiern.— 
From Dalmoak Burn. This burn flows into the River Leven near 
Dumbarton on its west side. This variety comes very near 
floribundus, Bab., for which I gathered it. 

Astragalus danicus, Retz. ——This species is found in various 
localities along the shores of the Moray Firth. This specimen 
was gathered on the braes near Whitehills, Banff. Though 
common on the east coast, it is a rare plant on the west, 


Bupleurum rotundifolium, Linn.—Found on waste ground 
near Dumbarton Common. It is no doubt an introduetion. It 


W ATT.—On FLoweriInc PLANTS EXHIBITED. 81 


is a rather curious looking umbellifer, and might easily be passed 
over. In the London Catalogue it is put down as being fairly 
well established, but not a native. 


Matricaria suaveolens, Buchanan (discordea, D.C.).— 
This was growing along the sea shore for a distance of three 
miles (at least) near Port Gordon, Banffshire. From the way it 
was growing, it certainly looked at home. The plants are not 
large, ranging from four inches to one foot in height. <A 
peculiarity in this species is the absence of the ray florets. In 
other species of the same genus, the ray florets are sometimes 
absent, but in this they are entirely so. 


Azalea procumbens, Linn.—These plants were sent me by 
Mr. Burns, then schoolmaster at the Cabrach. He gathered 
them in June of last year on Cook’s Cairn, a hill 2,700 feet in 
height, where, he says, it is very plentiful. The year previous it 
was found on Ben Rinnes, a hill about the same height, both in 
Banffshire. The range of this species is more extended than was 
generally supposed. 


Juneus balticus, Willd.—This grows on a grassy flat near 
the mouth of the Spey, Morayshire, covered at intervals by the 
tide. This is the first locality in the north in which I seen this 
rare Juncus. I have a specimen of it from Barry Links, near 
Broughty Ferry. It has been gathered west of Aberdeen on the 
sandy shore. 


Juncus supinus, Meench, var. pygmeeus, Marssin.—-Mr. A. 
Bennett says this is the most delicate form he has yet seen. 
This specimen was gathered in a pool near the River Deveron, 
Banff, and sent to me by Mr. Yates. 


Scirpus pauciflorus, Lightf—This I gathered near the 
shore at Whitehills, Banff, on the grassy flats, which are covered 


by the spring tides. Though fairly common this is the first 
record for Banffshire. 


Carex incurva, Lightf., var. erecta, Lange.—This differs 
from the type by its smaller heads, which enables it to grow 
upright. The type has larger heads which bend the stem down. 
This was growing along with Juncus balticus, Willd., on a grassy 


flat near the mouth of the River Spey, in Morayshire. A speci- 
F 


82 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


men of this is in the Kew Herbarium, sent by the Rev. Mr. 
Gordon a number of years ago. 


Carex aquatilis, Wahl., var. virescens, And.—I gathered 
this in Dalmoak Burn, Dumbarton. The var. minor, Boott., used 
to grow near the side of the Clyde at Old Kilpatrick, but the 
changes that have taken place there have destroyed the locality 
and, of course, the plant also. This variety grows in deep water, 
and has a chance of remaining for some years yet. This is the 
only locality I have gathered it in in Dumbartonshire. 


Carex distans, Linn., x extensa, Good.—Both species grow 
together on the sides of the tidal pools at Whitehills, Banffshire. 
The difference between this hybrid and the parent plant is that 
the former never has fruit while the parent plant fruits freely. 
The hybrid was fairly plentiful among the types of both. 


Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, Linn. — The specimen 
exhibited is from Ramshead Bridge, Glen Luss, Dumbartonshire. 
This fern, though common on trap rocks, I have never gathered 
or seen anywhere else till I got this growing freely on the side of 
Ramshead Bridge. The plants there are finer than ever I saw 
on the trap, and easier gathered. How has it got there? The 
trap rocks where it grows are ten or twelve miles from Ramshead 
Bridge. 

Lastrea aristata, R. and B.. var. collina, Bab.—This was 
gathered from the Ramshead Bridge also. A small variety, but 
bearing fruit freely. 


Trifolium ochroleucon, Huds.—This species of trefoil was 
growing on waste ground near Dumbarton Common. I also 
gathered it on the border of a field near Yoker. The Rev. E. F. 
Linton says it isa much smaller plant than that found in the 


south of England. 


Carex Goodenowii, Gay, var. juncella, Tr.—This was sent 
me by Mr. Yates, who gathered it at the Cabrach, Banffshire, at 
an elevation of 1,100 feet. It differs from the type in the long 
narrow leaves and smoother stem. I have not seen this form in 
Dumbartonshire. 

T have to thank Mr. A. Bennett, F.L.S., for going over all the 
plants I have submitted to you. 


FERGUSSON.—AppiTIons To CLYDE COLEOPTERA. 83 


Additions to the List of Clyde Coleoptera. 
(first Paper.) 


By ANpERSON FERGUSSON. 


[Read 29th March, 1910. ] 


WHEN the list of the Coleoptera of the Clyde faunal area was 
published in the handbook issued on the occasion of the visit 
of the British Association to Glasgow in 1901, an introduction 
was prepared dealing, inter alia, with the previous work which 
had been done in the group within the area. Owing to want 
of space, however, that introduction, in common with those to 
many of the other lists in the handbook, was very much cut 
down, and only so much of it as enabled the list to be understood 
was printed. This was rather unfortunate, as it appeared as if 
no recognition was being given to the work of the older Clyde 
coleopterists, although their records appeared in the body of the 
list. In bringing forward the following additions to the list 
of 1901, I accordingly take the opportunity of remedying the 
omission by giving a brief history of the work accomplished in 
the group prior to 1901. 

In 1838 was published “ Entomologia Edinensis” (Coleoptera), 
by James Wilson, F.R.S.E., and the Rev. James Duncan, the 
first and only volume of a series intended to give a descriptive 
account of the insects occurring in the neighbourhood of 
Edinburgh. Notwithstanding the limitation of the area covered, 
references to the occurrence of Coleoptera in other districts of 
Scotland were also noted, and in it are to be found what are 
probably the earliest records of Clyde Coleoptera, e.g., Carabus 
arvensis, Hbst., from the Island of Arran, by Dr. Leach, and C. 
glabratus, Pk., and Miscodera arctica, Pk., from Ben Lomond ; 
but the records in this work were apparently merely the result of 
casual visits by the recorders, as at that date there do not appear 
to have been any coleopterists resident in the area. The late 
Morris Young, F.E.S., Curator of Paisley Free Museum, was 
probably the naturalist in the area who investigated the group 
most thoroughly, and evidence of the valuable work he did is 
contained in his collection in Paisley Museum. Unfortunately, 


84 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


owing to his specimens not being labelled, much information 
with regard to local Coleoptera that could have been obtained 
from his collection is lost. Luckily, however, records of a 
number of Mr. Young’s more important captures appeared in the 
Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland by Andrew Murray 
which was published in 1853, in the “Entomologist’s Weekly 
Intelligencer” (1856-1861) and in the various volumes of the 
“ Entomologist’s Annual” (1855-1874) ; and all these records were 
used in the list of 1901. 

Contemporary with the date of Mr. Young’s first activity in 
the group, the late Mr. R. Hislop, who then resided in Glasgow. 
appears to have worked Lanarkshire and the district round 
Glasgow. and the records from these districts which appear in 
Murray’s Catalogue, were obtained from Mr. Hislop, who, 
according to Murray, was aided in his investigations by Mr. 
John Gray* and Dr. Colquhoun. The late Mr. John Dunsmore, 
of Paisley, worked Renfrewshire along with Mr. Young, and I 
had to thank him for a great deal of information regarding the 
rarer beetles of that county. Mr. Dunsmore was responsible for 
the Clyde records contained in Dr. Sharp’s Coleoptera of 
Scotland (Scottish Waturalist, 1872-1881), which is the standard 
list of Scottish Coleoptera. About forty years ago the Rev. J. E. 
Sommerville and Mr. T. G. Bishop, both of whom are still 
members of our Society, worked various localities in the area, 
particularly the Glasgow district. and from both these gentlemen 
I obtained lists of their principal captures. Their records of 
Glasgow beetles are particularly interesting from a_ historical 
point of view, as several of the localities where they used to 
take rare insects have now disappeared, owing to the great 
expansion of the city which has taken place within the last 
thirty or forty years. Mr. Bishop pointed out to me recently the 
site of an old quarry at Possilpark where he used to take Trechus 
lapidosus, Daws. The quarry has now been filled up and a wood- 
yard built upon it. I also understand that the spot at Tollcross 
where the rare Pterostichus lepidus, F., was taken by the older 
Glasgow entomologists has now been built upon. 

Other observers whose captures are recorded in the entomo- 


* A brief notice of Mr. John Gray’s work as a member of the Society will 
be found at p. 68 of this number. 


FERGUSSON.—Appitions To CrypE CoLEoprTEra. 85 


logical magazines during the fifties and sixties of last century 
were Mr. John Scott, who worked the district about Renfrew, 
the Rev. Hamlet Clarke, M.A., who collected water beetles in 
Bute, and Dr. David Sharp, who apparently collected 
about Garelochhead with the late Dr. Henderson of 
Glasgow. Dr. Henderson recorded a number of his Clyde 
captures in the second volume of the “ Entomologist’s Monthly 
Magazine,” the most notable being Omaliwm  septentrionis, 
Thoms., which was found by him for the first time in Britain 
in Arran, during August, 1864. In 1876, on the occasion of the 
visit of the British Association to Glasgow, the ‘“ Fauna and 
Flora of Glasgow and the West of Scotland” was issued, but in 
this volume no list of the Coleoptera of the district appeared, 
although a note was given of some of the rarer species then 
known to occur in the area. In more recent years Mr. T. R. 
Billups has recorded (‘‘ Entomologist,” vol. XXVI., p. 654), 
Coleoptera captured in the South of Arran by Mr. A. B. 
Watson of Edinburgh, and Commander J. J. Walker has also a 
very useful paper in the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,” 
(vol. VII., N.s., p. 110) on the Coleoptera taken by him in the 
Campbeltown district. 

It will thus be seen that the beetles of the Clyde area have 
been well investigated during the last fifty or sixty years; but 
much of the work done was not available in 1901, owing to lapse 
of time and to the fact that very little had been put on record. 

The present list of additions is the result of intermittent 
collecting during the nine years which have elapsed since the 
publication of the 1901 list, and if more time had been available 
for field work it would probably have been much longer. JT have 
to thank Mr. A. A. Dalglish, F.E.S., for his kindness in placing 
at my disposal all the material collected by him, and also Mr. 
Frank Balfour-Browne, for permitting me to record the water 
beetles captured by him in various localities. To make the 
list comprehensive, I have included several additions which have 
been recorded since 1901 in the Zransactions of this Society and 
elsewhere. 

In dealing with an area so large as “Clyde” it is desirable to 
indicate as plainly as possible the distribution of each species 
throughout the district, and in the list of 1901 this was done 


86 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


simply by giving the localities in which the insects had been taken, 
usually in their order from north to south. In fact, owing to the 
want of space it is doubtful if anything more could have been done 
in the way of indicating distribution in that list. It is quite 
apparent, however, that while the method adopted in 1901 
was sufficient for entomologists who knew or had worked the 
district, it would not meet the requirements of specialists studying 
the problems of distribution. I accordingly think it would be 
more satisfactory to indicate prominently the county in which the 
localities are situated, and in the appended list I have adopted 
this system, which, I may state, is followed by Mr. Balfour-Browne 
in his excellent paper on “The Aquatic Coleoptera of the Solway 
District” (Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1909, p. 76). The name of the 
county in which a species occurs is given first in heavy type, 
followed as a rule by the actual locality in ordinary type. 

I have to thank Dr. David Sharp M.A., F.R.S., Commander 
J.J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S., and Mr. Frank Balfour-Browne, 
M.A. (Oxon.), F,Z.S., for their kind assistance in verifying or 
identifying the insects collected by Mr. Dalglish and myself. The 
Rev. Alfred Thornley, M.A., F.L.8., has also given me help with 
some of the species from Bute, and I take this opportunity of 
-acknowledging, more fully than I was permitted to do in the 
handbook, my great indebtedness to him for the assistance I 
received from him in connection with the 1901 list. 

The arrangement followed is that of Beare and Donisthorpe’s 
Catalogue, 1904. 


ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE LIST. 


A.S.N.H. = The Annals of Scottish Natural History. 
A.A.D. = Andrew Adie Dalglish, F.E.S. 

E.M.M. = The Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine. 
F.B.B. = Frank Balfour-Browne, M.A., F.Z.S. 


Carabide. 


ANCHOMENUS ATRATUS, Duft.—Renfrew, local, banks of Clyde 
below Erskine Ferry, February, 1901 (A.A.D., A.F.). 

BEMBIDIUM oOBTUSUM, Sturm.—Banks of rivers and ponds, pro- 
bably common, Dumbarton, Bowling ; Renfrew, Bishopton ; 
Ayr, Barr; Clyde Islands, Loch Fad, Bute (A.F.). 


FERGUSSON.—AppiITIONS TO CLYDE COLEOPTERA. 87 


B. quapricurratum, /’.—Rare, Ayr, Fairlie, by Mr. John E. 
Murphy (one specimen exhibited at meeting of Society in 
June, 1908). 

B. saxaTiLe, Gyll.—Ayr, local, on coast, Barassie, May, 1901 
(A.F.) 

Haliplide. 

Ha ieuus Fiuviatiuis, Awb. Lanark, in tlood refuse, Strathaven, 
August, 1900; Ayr, clinging to sticks in moving water, 
Irvine, July, 1900 (A.F.). 

Dytiscide. 

Hyproporus morio, Dej.—Dumbarton, Luss, Glen Sloy, July, 
1905; Hillfoot, “several in a grassy ditch, a most unusual 
situation ” (F.B.B.) ; Stirling, Strathblane district (F.B.B.) ; 
Renfrew, in mossy pools on hills, Greenock, February, 1910 
(A.F.); Ayr, Beith and Lugton district (F.B.B.), Stevenston 
(A.F.); Clyde Islands, Arran (F.B.B.). 

H. toneutus, Mu/s.—Dumbarton, several in trickling stream, 
Luss, July, 1905 (F.B.B.); Clyde Islands, Arran, June, 
1906 (F.B.B.). 

H. mevanarius, Stwrm.—Dumbarton, high ground, Luss, July, 
1905 (#.B.B.); Renfrew, in mossy pools on hills, Greenock, 
January, 1910 (A.F.); Ayr, Beith and Lugton district 
(F.B.B.) ; Clyde Islands, Arran (F.B.B.). 

H. piscretus, Yair.—Lanark, in ditches, Possil Marsh (A.F.), 
Carluke (F.B.B.); Renfrew, Giffnock, Lochwinnoch (F.B.B.), 
in mossy pools, Greenock (A.F.); Ayr, in pond, Dunure 
(A.F.); Clyde Islands, Arran (I’.B.B). 

PLATAMBUS MACULATUS, ZL. var. IMMACULATUS, Donis. —Dum- 
barton, Loch Lomond, Luss, July, 1905 (F.B.B.). 

Ruantus noratus, Berg.—Ayr, sparingly in pools at Stevenston, 
April, 1910 (A.F.). 

Gyrinide. 

GyriInus ELONGATUS, 4ub.—Lanark, one specimen in Busby and 

East Kilbride district, September, 1909 (I. B.B.). 


Hydrophilide. 


ANACHENA LimBatTa, /'.—Dumbarton, Milngavie Marshes, Sep- 
tember, 1908 (F.B.B.) ; Lanark, Carluke (F.B.B.) ; Renfrew, 


88 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Giffnock (F.B.B.); Ayr, Beith and Lugton district (F.B.B.), 
Ayr (A.F.), but Mr. James Edwards has recently pointed 
out (E. M. M., XX. [N.S.], 169) that A. ovalis, Reiche, is 
mixed with A. /imbata in our collections, and probably some 
of the above records may refer to the former species. 

Laccopius aLutaceus, 7h. — In stagnant pools. Lanark, 
Busby, Carluke (F.B.B.); Renfrew, Giffnock, Lochwinnoch 
(F.B.B.); Ayr, Beith and Lugton district (F.B.B.); Clyde 
Islands, Loch Fad, Bute (A.F.). 

CHATARTHRIA SEMINULUM, Pk.—Ayr, Beith and Lugton district 
(F.B.B.). It occurs in damp moss at edges of ponds or 
streams. 

HELOPHORUS VIRIDICOLLIS, Steph. var. stRicIFRONS, 7'h.—Lanark, 
one specimen in ditch, Possil Marsh, March 1910. I also 
took a specimen in the same locality, which Mr. Balfour- 
Browne states is intermediate between the type and var. 
Srricirrons ; Renfrew (F.B.B., A.S.N.H, 1909, 222). 

H. arrinis, Marsh. (eriseus, 7h.).—A single specimen taken by 
me in the area has been referred to this species by Commander 
Walker. Unfortunately I am unable to state where or how 
it was taken. There is no doubt of its being from Clyde. 

H. srevirearris, Bed.—Through a clerical error in the 1901 list, 
not corrected when the paper was in proof, this species was 
entered as H. Brevico.iis, 7. I now take the opportunity 
of correcting the error. H. srevicois has not yet been 
recorded from Clyde. 

HyprR#NA BRITTENI, Joy.—Ayr, Beith and Lugton district 
(F.B.B.), one in a small burn, Knoweside, April 1909 
(A.F.). Mr. Balfour-Browne has also taken it in Renfrew 
(A.S.N.H., 1909, 223). 

Crrcyon Ha&MorRRHOUS, Cyl/.—Dumbarton, in dung, Bowling 
(A.F.). 

Staphylinide. 

ALEOCHARA BIPUNCTATA, O/.—Ayr, in vegetable refuse, Barassie 
(A.F.). 

IscHNOGLOssA CoRTICINA, Hr.—Lanark, very local and scarce, 
under oak bark (A.F.). 

OcaLEA BADIA, Hr.—Renfrew, rare, Johnstone, in or about 
decaying fungi (A.F.), but this does not appear to be the 
usual habitat of the species. 


FERGUSSON.—Appitions To CLypE CoLEOPTERA. 89 


CuiLoporaA LoneiTArsis, Hv.—Lanark, banks of Clyde, near 
Cambuslang (A.F.). 

Homatora HyGRoToporA, A7v.— Muddy banks of rivers. Lanark, 
Clyde, near Cambuslang; Ayr, Irvine (A.F.). 

H. eLvoneatuLa, Gr.—Dumbarton, banks of a pond, Bowling 
(A.F.). 

H. vonans, Serib.—Dumbarton, banks of pond, Bowling; Ayr, 
in similar situation, Avr and Barr (A.F.). 

H. cravires, Sharp.—Stirling, Ben Lomond (Fowler, ‘‘ British 
Coleoptera,” II., 78). Omitted in error from the 1901 list. 

H. vicina, Steph.—Dumbarton, banks of pond, Bowling; Ayr, 
amongst sea-weed, Troon, in moss, Barr (A.F,). 

H. GRAMINICOLA, G7.—Common in wet places, Dumbarton, Miln- 
gavie (A.A.D.), Bowling (A.F.). 

H. cuspipara, #r.—lLanark, very rare; it occurs under bark. 
Dr. Sharp informs me that he has no Scotch example, and I 
do not know of any previous record of the occurrence of the 
species in Scotland. 

H. aquatica, 7h.—Renfrew, in fungi, Lochwinnoch (A.F.). 

H. 2NEIcOLLIS, Sharp.—In fungi. Dumbarton, Milngavie; Ren- 
frew, Lochwinnoch (A.F.). 

H. xanruoprera, Steph.—Renfrew, in fungi, Lochwinnoch (A.F.). 

H. runeicoua, 7h.—Renfrew, in decaying fungi, Lochwinnoch 


(A.F.). 
GYROPHHNA NANA, Pk.—Renfrew, in decaying fungi, Johnstone 
(A®.). 


G. minima, Hr.—Lanark, very rare, one specimen at Cadder, in 
fungi (A.F.). The only previous Scotch record appears to 
be one specimen taken by Dr. Sharp in Solway in 1867 
(Fowler, ‘“ British Coleoptera,” II., 158). 

G. LEVIPENNIS, Ar.—In decaying fungi, rare. Dumbarton, Miln- 
gavie, September, 1901 ; Renfrew, Lochwinnoch, September, 
1901 (A.F.). The previous Scotch record rests on six 
specimens taken by Dr. Sharp on the Corstorphine hills, Forth 
district, in 1866 (Fowler, “ British Coleoptera,” IT., 158). 

TACHNIUS LATICOLLIS, Gr.—Clyde Islands, in flood refuse, Loch 
Fad, Bute, May, 1901 (A.F.). 

Bo.uiTosius EXOLETUS, Hr.—Renfrew, in decaying fungi, John- 
stone, September, 1900 (A.F.). 


90 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


B. pyemmus, ¥.—In decaying fungi. Lanark, Possil; Renfrew, 
Lochwinnoch (A.F.). 

QUEDIUS BooPs, Gr.—Ayr, on shore, Troon ; Clyde Islands, in 
flood refuse, Loch Fad, Bute (A.F.). 

XANTHOLINUS OCHRACEUS, Gy/l.—Clyde Islands, in flood refuse, 
Loch Fad, Bute (A.F.). 

X. LONGIVENTRIS, Heer.—Renfrew, in flood refuse, Bishopton 
(CAGE): 

LatTHROBIUM LONGULUM, (’7.—Renfrew, in flood refuse, Bishopton, 
February, 1901 (A.F.). 

Srenus Gurrua, di/l.—Ayr, in wet place on shore, near Troon, 
May, 1901 (A.F.). 

8. Brnotatus, Ljun.—Ayr, in flood refuse, Irvine (A.F.). 

S. Latirrons, “7.—Renfrew, Lochwinnoch, on banks of a burn 
(A.F.). 

HAPLODERUS CHLATUS, G'r.—Ayr, one specimen shaken out of 
grass, Knoweside, December, 1909 (A.F.). 

ANCYROPHORUS OMALINUS, #r.—Ayr, banks of River Irvine (A.F.). 

Syntomium #NEUM, J/il/l—Under moss on trees. Renfrew, 
Johnstone (A.A.D.); Ayr, Knoweside, December, 1909(A.F.). 

DELIPHRUM CRENATUM, G7.—Very local and scarce, Dumbarton, 
four specimens under bark of chips, near Helensburgh, 
September, 1907 (Dr. G. W. Chaster, E.M.M., XIX., N.S, 
16); I have also taken it in Lanark. 

OMALIUM PUSILLUM, G7.—Ayr, in some numbers under fir bark, 
near Troon; I have also a single specimen from Lanark. 

O. PUNCTIPENNE, 7.—I have a single specimen from Lanark 
which Dr. Sharp refers to this species. It occurs under the 
bark of deciduous trees. 

O. MONILICORNE, Gy//.—Lanark, very local and scarce (A.F.). 

O. HEERI, Heer.—A single specimen from Lanark referred to this 
form by Dr. Sharp. Heeri is catalogued as a variety of 
O. vile, but Dr. Sharp thinks it must be considered a distinct 
species. It is apparently very rare. 

O. BREVICORNE, #r.—Lanark, very local and scarce, under bark 
(A.F.). 

Silphide. 

CHOLEVA WILKINI, Spence.—Renfrew, in decaying fungi, John- 

stone, September, 1903 (A.F.). 


FERGUSSON.— Appitions To CLtypE CoLEOPTERA. 91 


Nitidulide. 


Epur#A PARVULA, Stm.—Lanark, very rare. One about fungi on 
stump of tree (A.F.). 

K. aneustuLa, #7.—Lanark, very local and rare, under bark 
(A. Boy 

RHIzZOPHAGUS DEPRESSUS, /.—Ayr, local and not very common 
under fir bark near Troon (A.F.). 


Lathridiide. 


ConrINoMUS NODIFER, West.—Renfrew, in rotten wood near Lang- 
bank, December, 1909 (A.F.). 


Cryptophagide. 
CRYPTOPHAGUS PILosUS, Gyl/.—Lanark, in grass tufts, Possil ; 
Renfrew, in vegetable refuse, Johnstone (A.F.). 
Telephoride. 


ANCISTRONYCHA ABDOMINALIs, /’.—Dumbarton, very rare, one by 
beating trees at Arrochar, May, 1908 (A.A.D.). 


Anobiide. 


Prioprum castannum, /.—Ayr, in dead wood of hawthorn, 
Knoweside (A.F.). 


Cerambycide. 
GRAMMOPTERA TABACICOLOR, D. G.—lLanark, very rare, one 
specimen, Gorge of Avon (J. J. King, F.E.S., Glasgow 
Naturalist, Vol. 1., p. 138). 


Lamiide. 


Letopus NEBULOSUS, L.—-Dumbarton, one specimen from Inch- 
caillach, Loch Lomond (Mr. Alex. Ross, Glasgow Naturalist, 
Vol. I. p. 138); Stirling, one specimen from Blanefield 
district, by Mr. John E. Murphy exrdbies at meeting of 
Society in June, 1908). 


Chrysomelide. 


LONGITARSUS ATRICILLUS, 1.—Renfrew, by sweeping, Sept., 1903, 
near Johnstone (A.F.). 


92 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Melandryide. 


CLInocaRA UNDULATA, Ar.—Dumbarton, very rare, in decaying 
wood, Dumfin (Mr. G. A. Hardy, Glasgow Naturalist, Vol. I., 
p. 58). 

Anthicide. 

Notoxus monocrros, L.—-Ayr, one specimen by Mr. John E. 
Murphy at Monkton (exhibited at meeting of Society in 
June, 1908). 

Scolytide. 


TRYPODENDRON DOMEstTICUM, L.—Lanark, very local and scarce, 
boring in wood (A.F.). 


Mycological Notes. 
By D. A. Boyp. 


[Read 26th April, 1910. ] 


Mosr of the following notes consist of additional records of 
species observed last year in localities visited at Excursions of 
this Society and of the North Ayrshire Field Club; but a few 
relate to records of species seen in other places, or to information 
derived from other sources. 

Cystopus spinulosus, De Bary.—On Cnicus palustris ; Kelburne ; 
Dalmellington. 

Plasmopara pygmea (Ung.) Schrét.—On Anemone nemorosa ; 
Dalry. 

P. densa (Pers.) Schrét.—On Rhinanthus Crista-galli ; Irvine. 

Peronospora calotheca, De Bary.—On Galium Aparine ; Ardros- 
san ; Lochwinnoch. 

P. vicie (Berk.) De Bary.—On Vicia sepium, Kilbirnie. The 
conidiophores are produced in dense violet-grey tufts. 

P. arenarie (Berk.) Tul.—On Arenaria peploides ; Stevenston. 
On some parts of the Ayrshire coast this parasite is very 
abundant over large patches of sea-purslane, where nearly 
every stem is attacked and rendered conspicuous, owing to 
the paleness of the affected leaves. These usually bear an 
abundant crop of conidiophores. 


BOY D.—-Mycotoeicat Noves. 93 


P. obovata, Bon.—On Spergula arvensis ; Stevenston, Ayrshire ; 
Glen Urquhart, Inverness-shire. In his “ Revision of the 
Scotch Peronospore,’* Professor Trail has observed that 
the oospores mostly occur in plants which show no conidia, 
The latter are often produced abundantly on conspicuously 
swollen and pale-coloured portions of the host-plant. 
Although reported from many Scottish localities, this species 
is not included in Mr. Massee’s description of the British 
Phycomycetes + 


P. trifoliorum, De Bary.—On Trifolium pratense ; Perceton. The 
affected leaves become pale-coloured, aud the conidiophores 
are thinly scattered over the lower surface. 

P. chrysosplenii, Fckl.—In The Glasgow Naturalist, Vol. 1., p. 111, 
this species is incorrectly stated to be new to Britain. It 
has already been reported for the Forres district, where 
it was found many years ago by the late Rev. Dr. Keith, 
and is recorded and described by Professor Trail.{ It is 
not, however, referred to as British by Mr. Massee. 

P. urtice (Lib.) De Bary.—On Urtica dioica ; Helensburgh. 

P. alta, Fckl.—On Plantago major ; Dalry ; Kilwinning ; Dal- 
mellington. Recorded in 1889 by Professor Trail§ for 
localities in Perthshire, Aberdeenshire, Argyllshire, and 
Orkney, but not included in Mr. Massee’s work on the 
British species. It also appears to be frequent throughout 
Ayrshire, and is probably generally distributed, although 
liable to be overlooked. The affected leaves may be 
recognised by their paler colour and more erect habit of 
growth. The conidiophores are thinly scattered over the 
lower surface of these leaves. 

Synchytrium stellarie, Fckl.—On Stellaria media ; Ardrossan ; 
Dunagoil Bay. 

S. taraxaci, De Bary and Wor.—On Taraxacum officinale ; 
Irvine. 


S. aureum, Schrét.—On Plantago lanceolata ; Kingarth. 


* Scottish Naturalist, Vol. ILL. (New Series), page 81. 
+ British Fungi. Phycomycetes and Ustilaginece (1891). 
t Trail, J.c., pages 82, 84. 

§ Scottish Naturalist, Vol, IV. (New Series), page 32. 


94 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


S. mercurialis, Lib.—On Mercurialis perennis ; Dalry ; Kilbirnie ; 
Lochwinnoch ; Drumpellier. 

Protomyces bellidis, Krieger.—On Bellis perennis ; Ardrossan ; 
Kilwinning. 

P. pachydermus, Thiim.—On Taraxacum officinale ; Kilwinning. 

Ustilago caricis (Pers.) Winter.—In inflorescence of Carex ; 
Dalmellington. 

Tilletia decipiens (Pers.) Winter.—In ovaries of Agrostis vulgaris ; 
Dunagoil ; Holy Isle. 

Uromyces limonit (D.C.) Winter.— As Uredo, on Armeria 
maritima ; Dunagoil Bay ; Lamlash. 

U. polygons (Pers.) Winter.—On Polygonum aviculare ; Irvine. 

U. behenis (D.C.) Winter.—On Silene maritima ; Dunagoil Bay. 

U. ficarie (Schum.) Winter.—On Ranunculus Picaria ; Loch- 
winnoch. 

Puccinia calthe, Link.—On Caltha palustris ; Dunagoil Bay. 

P. obscura Schrét.—As Meidium, on Bellis perennis ; Steven- 
ston. 

P. bunw (D.C.) Winter.—On Conopodium denudatum ; Kilma- 
colm ; Devol’s Glen. 

P. malvacearum, Mont.—On Althea rosea ; Perceton. 

Pseudopexiza repanda (Fr,) Karst.—On Galiwm saxatile ; Loch- 
winnoch. 

Ephelina radicalis (Cke.) Mass.—On dead stem of Rhinanthus 
erista-galli ; Kilwinning. 

Lasiobolus equinus (Mill.) Karst.—-On cow-dung ; Dalmellington. 

Geoglossum difforme, Fr.—On the ground amongst grass ; 
Ardeer sands. 

Lophodermium cladophilum (Lév.) Rehm.—On dead twigs of 
Vaccinium Myrtillus ; Kilmacolm ; Devol’s Glen. 

Leptospheria acuta (Moug.) Karst.—On dead stems of Urtica 
dioica ; Kilmacolm. 

Venturia myrtilli, Cooke.—On dead leaves of Vaccinium Myrtillus ; 
Devol’s Glen. 

V. alchemille (Grev.) B. & Br.—On living Alchemilla vulgaris ; 
Kelburne ; Irvine. 

Asterina veronice (Lib.) Cke.—On living Veronica officinalis ; 
Dunlop; Kilmacolm. 

Phyllosticta forsythice, Sace.—On Forsythia suspensa ; Kelburne. 


BOY D.—Mycotoeicat Norss. 95 


Ph. syringe, West.—On Syringa vulgaris; Largs; West 
Kilbride ; Ardrossan. New to Clyde Area. 

Ph. mercurialis, Desm.—On Mercurialis perennis; Largs; 
Dalry ; Drumpellier. 

Asteroma ulmi, Klotzsch.—On living leaves of Ulmus ; Largs. 

Coniothyrium Boydeanum, A.L.Sm.—On dead twigs of Fuchsia ; 
Ardrossan ; Lamlash. 


Ascochyta philadelphi, Sacc. & Speg.—On living leaves of Phila- 
delphus coronarius ; Kelburne ; Dalry. 

Septoria rose, Desm.—On living rose-leaves ; Dalry. 

S. hydrocotyles, Desm.—On Hydrocotyle vulgaris ; Dunagoil Bay. 

Phleospora aceris (Lib.) Sace.—On living leaves of Acer Pseudo- 
platanus ; Kelburne. 

Melasmia salicina, Lév.—On living leaves of Salix repens ; Ardeer 
Sands, Stevenston. New to Clyde Area. 

Actinothyrium graminis, Kunze.—On dead culms and leaves of 
Molinia cerulea; West Kilbride; Ardrossan. New to 
Clyde Area. 

Gleosporjum fagi, Desm. & Rob.—On fading leaves of Fagus 
sylvatica ; Stevenston. 

’ G. salicis, West.—On living leaves of Salix ; Stevenston. 

Melanconium hedere, Preuss.—On dead twigs of Hedera Helix ; 
Perceton. 

Marssonia populi (Lib.) Sace.—On living leaves of Populus ; 
Ardrossan. 

M_ potentille (Desm.) Sace.—On Potentilla Anserina; Irvine. 

Steganosporium prriforme (Hoffm.) Corda.—On dead bark of 
Acer Pseudo-platanus ; Perceton. 

Diplocladium penicillioides, Sace.—On decaying Polyporus; Dalry ; 
West Kilbride. New to Clyde Area. 

Ramularia viole, Trail.—On Viola Riviniana ; Largs. On VJ. 
tricolor ; Ardrossan. 

R. urtice, Cés.—On Urtica dioica ; Largs. 

Hormiscium splendens (Cke.) Sace.—On bark of Acer Pseudo- 
platanus ; Perceton. 

Zygodesmus fuscus, Corda.—On rotten bark ; Drumpellier. 

Fusicladium dendriticum, Fckl.—On living leaves of Pyrus Malus ; 
Perceton. 


96 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Polythrincium trifolu, Kze. & Schm.—On living leaves of 
Trifolium repens ; Irvine. 

Isaria farinosa (Dicks.) Fr.—On a dead lepidopterous pupa ; 
Drumpellier. 

Illosporivum roseum, Mart.—On Parmelia saxatilis ; Kingarth. 


Proceedings of the Society. 

(Continued from p. 64.) 
Lanark, Ayr, and Cantyre are the only vice-counties Mr. Ewing 
had seen Juncus inflewus, L. (J. glaucus, Sibth) from, but it is 
recorded from all counties including and South of Perth. It 
is easily known by its deep striz. jointed pith, and glaucus 
appearance. Mr. Ewing also exhibited Calamintha Acinos, 
Clairv., sent by Dr. Gilmour, Port Ellen, Islay, which is new 
to that region, though recorded from Ayr and Lanark under 
C. arvensis, Lam. Dr. Gilmour also sent Carex pendula, Huds., 
also new to South Ebudes, and formerly recorded only from 
Ayr, Renfrew, Lanark, and Stirling. Mr. Ewing further exhibited 
Lathyrus Aphaca, Linn., from the banks of Clyde, near Newton 
(Lanarkshire) which, has formerly been recorded from Ayr and 
Renfrew. 

A paper entitled “List of Arran Hepatice” by Mr. Symers 
M. Macevicar was held as read (page 36). 

There was communicated by Mr. J. Ballantyne, for Mr. W. J. 
Miller, Rothesay, a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on the Similarity of 
Results from the chance grouping of Black and White Balls taken 
in pairs with similar quantities of Hybrid Peas.” 

“A List of the Clyde Tenthredinide (Hymenoptera)” by Mr. 
J. R. Malloch was communicated by Mr. Alex. Ross, Hon. 
Secretary. 


The fourth meeting of session 1909-10 took place on 28th 
December, 1909, Mr. John Paterson, President, in the chair. 
Messrs. James Clark, M.A., D.Sc, A.R.C.S., Rector of 
Kilmarnock Academy, and R. Elmhirst, F.L.S., Superintendent, 
Marine Station, Millport, were elected as Ordinary Members. 
Mr. John Robertson exhibited, on behalf of Mr. George W. 
Campbell, Coatbridge, the hoopoe (Upupa epops), from near 
Leadhills, which is recorded in these pages (Vol. I., page 145). 
(CONTINUED. ) 


Che Glasgow Waturalist 


The Journal of the NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 
OF GLASGOW 


(Including the Transactions and Proceedings of the Society, Third Series). 


Vol. II., No. 4.] [September, 1910. 


Remarks upon the Zoological Collection of the University 
of Glasgow, made on the occasion of the visit by 
the Natural History Society, on March 12, 1910. 


By J. Grauam Kerr, Honorary Curator. 


The main functions served by Museums of Zoology may be 
said to be three in number—(1) they serve as a means of popular 
instruction, by the exhibition of specimens of animals of local 
or general interest, mounted and displayed so as to prove attrac- 
tive and interesting to the ordinary visitor; (2) they serve for 
the instruction of the scientific student of Zoology; and (3) 
they serve as storehouses in which are preserved specimens and 
collections of scientific value, arranged in such a manner as to 
combine the maximum of safety with the maximum of 
accessibility to the specialist who desires to study them. In 
carrying out the development of a museum, the Curator has 
naturally to consider these three functions in correlation with 
local conditions. Unless he has unlimited means at his disposal 
it is bad policy for him to try to develop the museum equally 
along all three lines—it is preferable to specialise along one line 
or other. 

In the case of our own University Museum, we have to bear 
in mind the existing municipal museums, the chief function of 
which is popular instruction. 

It is clearly advisable to avoid, as much as possible, any 
clashing between the activities of the University and the town 
museums, and this is facilitated as regards (1) and (2) by the 
conditioning factors. On the one hand the large expenditure 
involved in the purchase, upkeep, and proper exhibition of 

G 


98 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


stuffed specimens of the skins of the larger animals makes it 
impossible for a hard-up University Museum to undertake this 
duty, except at the expense of its more important functions, 
while on the other hand a purely scientific teaching collection 
can only be organised, carried out, and kept up-to-date by a 
staff of scientific experts, who are kept, by teaching or research, 
in the closest touch with contemporary advances in the subject. 

The functions, then, of a University Museum of Zoology such 
as.ours may be taken as being more particularly those defined 
under (2) and (3). In practice we devote the exhibition space 
almost entirely to (2), z.e., to series of specimens and prepara- 
tions for the instruction of students of Zoology—the store collec- 
tions being kept in cabinets and cupboards, where they will be 
protected from the harmful influences of light. 

The general scheme of arrangement of the exhibition space 
is designed to be as follows :-— 

The large and somewhat awkward glass cases along the 
south side of the museum, with the intervening table cases, it 
is intended to devote to the preparations illustrative of the 
anatomical and other characters of the main groups of the animal 
kitedom. The corresponding cases on the north side will be 
devoted to the British, and especiaily local fauna. The floor 
space in the middle will serve for the accommodation of 
specimens too large for the cases, and also for special cases 
illustrative of general zoological principles. 

As regards the exhibits in the rearranged portions of the 
museum, there are two features which will strike the visitor as 
peculiar. One is the general use of black as a background, the 
other is the inconspicuous nature of the labelling. In regard to 
both of these points I have for long held strong views. Nine out 
of every ten zoological specimens are in my opinion shown to best 
advantage against an absolutely black background, and we 
therefore make this the standard background in the zoological 
section of the museum. Absolutely dull black paint or black 
cloth is used, while, where the area to be covered is relatively 
small, so that the expense is not prohibitive, use is made of black 
velvet. Those who look at Mr. Staig’s beautiful exhibits, 
illustrative of protective resemblance, ete., will agree with me 
that there is much to be said for the black background. As 


KERR.—Zooxrocicat Couiection, GLaAscow University. 99 


regards the matter of labels—there is no question that, judged 
from the standpoint of mere artistic effect, nothing can be 
more offensive than huge rectangles of white, bearing legends 
in black, and forming the most conspicuous objects in a museum 
case. It is clear that, from the point of view of artistic effect, 
the label should be as inconspicuous as possible. 

Of course, in a popular museum it is necessary to 
label on a comparatively extensive scale. An _ ideal 
popular Natural History Museum should be lke a 
fascinating book, copiously illustrated, on Natural History. 
The letterpress would be represented by the full explanatory 
labels, while in place of the illustrations would be the 
actual specimens. The seductive influence which a popular 
museum should exercise over those who visit it, attracting 
attention and awakening interest in minds where no such 
interest before existed, depends to a great extent upon the 
fulness and the interest of the explanatory labels, and such labels 
will necessarily occupy a large amount of space. In a purely 
scientific teaching collection, on the other hand, labelling may 
easily be carried to excess. The specimens in such a collection 
serve to illustrate the teaching of the school, teaching which 
in a live school is, both as regards lectures and text books, 
undergoing constant change from year to year, synchronously 
with the advance of the subject, and explanatory labels which 
go into minute detail are liable soon to become in parts out of 
date. Further, I am one of those who believe that 
the beneficial effect of intellectual work depends to some 
extent upon the effort and concentration which it involves. 
An elaborate preparation, elaborately labelled so as to remove 
all difficulties in the way of its interpretation, is apt to leave 
behind it a mental impression characterised mainly by its 
fleeting character; while the same preparation, deprived of its 
labels and worried over with the help of a text book or lecture 
notes, becomes impressed upon the mind in such a way as te 
remain vivid for years. As a rule, then, except in exhibits of a 
semi-popular character, we do not attempt any elaborate and 
lengthy labels. We try to arrange that the specimen is the 


really conspicuous object, while the label is there and easily seen 
if looked for, 


100 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


In the arrangement of the teaching collections progress is 
being made, though, on account of the smallness of the staff, 
it is necessarily slow. A zoological collection is greatly handi- 
capped by the elaborate nature of the preparative processes to 
which the specimens have often to be subjected. Several weeks 
may often have to be expended upon a single preparation before 
it is ready to take its place upon the shelves. The groups 
upon which most work has been done are the Sponges, 
Coelenterates, Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles, and in each 
of these, specimens of much interest will be observed. 

The third function to which I alluded is that of providing 
safe storage for specimens which are of scientific value, though 
they may not be of marked interest except to the specialist in 
their particular group. Amongst such specimens, the most 
important are, of course, type specimens, upon which the original 
description of the species is based. Personally, I have for long 
agreed with those who hold that type specimens should be 
concentrated, so far as possible, in the National Museums of 
the various countries. A type specimen is, by the nature of the 
case, unique. It cannot be replaced, and it should be kept 
under conditions of the greatest safety, conditions which 
it is often practically impossible to achieve, except in the 
National Museum. Further, the people who really use type 
specimens are the systematists, and it would be of immense 
advantage to them if all the types of a particular country were 
concentrated in its National Museum. Unfortunately, in actual 
practice other considerations than those of the benefit of science 
—such as the great though not definable monetary value of type 
specimens—come into play, and there are large numbers of 
type specimens in local museums and private collections. In our 
University collections we have a number of important type 
specimens belonging to the original Hunterian Collection, and 
one of my first pieces of work after my appointment was to 
endeavour to determine which of these types still exist. Though, 
as in the case of other collections of similar age, some of the 
types have disappeared, it is gratifying to note that a large 
proportion are still in existence. Of these, by far the greater 
number are insect types, described by J. C. Fabricius. Fabricius 
worked through William Hunter’s collection of insects, identi- 


KERR.—Zootoaicat Cotiection, GLAscow University. 101 


fying and labelling the specimens, and in many cases describing 
new species from the Hunterian specimens. 

The Hunterian Collection of Insects is housed in five cabinets, 
and I have judged it best to leave them absolutely uninterfered 
with, except for the addition of insecticide to each drawer. What 
makes interference or rearrangement particularly undesirable is 
that the labels are not actually attached to the specimens, but 
only pinned to the bottom of the drawer immediately above 
the corresponding specimen. There is evidence of rearrangement 
of the specimens in some of the drawers, and a few specimens 
are clearly interlopers, but the bulk of the collection, happily, 
remains untampered with. 

Next in importance after the Fabrician types of insects comes 
a series of corals, including the types of species described 
by Ellis. These specimens, 21 in number, are contained 
in a table-case by themselves. 

Finally, before leaving these type specimens of historical 
interest, I should mention the specimen of stalked crinoid 
(Pentacrinus asterias, L.), upon which Ellis based his description 
in Phil. Trans., 1762 (Zncrinus stellato ramoso-dichotomo stipite 
pentagono equisetrforme. ) 

This specimen was one of the two first-found specimens of 
recent stalked crinoids, the other specimen going to Paris, 
where it was described by Guettard under the rather misleading 
title of Palma marina. 

In concluding these few remarks, it is only right to point out 
that, in carrying out the various improvements in regard to 
the zoological collections, a large proportion of the labour has 
fallen to the Assistant Curator in Zoology, Mr. R. A. Staig, 
and to his patient effort and remarkable technical skill are 
due a large number of the beautiful preparations which are to 
be seen in the teaching collection. Beautiful examples of his 
work are also to be seen, é.g., in such cases as those illustrating 
Protective Resemblance, Economic Zoology, and Insect Life- 
histories. 


List of Species of insects described by J. C. Fabricius from 
Specimens in Dr. Hunter's Collection. 


The Hunterian Collection of Insects is arranged in the order 
given in Fabricius’ Species isectorwm, and I have retained 


102 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


that order, so far as concerns the genera, in the following list. 
The nomenclature is that of Fabricius, and no attempt has 
been made to add modern synonyms. In cases where I find 
the specimens still in existence I indicate the fact, and I have 
included specimens upon which Fabricius based his description, 
even in cases when the species is a pre-Fabrician one. I have 
endeavoured to get the drawers of the cabinets, which were much 
mixed up, back into their original order, but I have scrupulously 
refrained from interfering with the arrangement of the contents 
of the individual drawers. 

I make no pretence of completeness in the following list. My 
main object in publishing it is to draw the attention of 
entomologists to the large number of presumable Fabrician types 
which still exist in the Hunterian Collection. 

The name given is a copy from the Jabel in cases where the 
specimens still exist. In such cases the reference to page and 
number is in nearly all cases to the ‘Species insectorwm,” 1781. 
Other works referred to are Systema entomologia, 1775; Genera 
insectorum, [1776]; J/antissa insectorum, 1787; and Hntomo- 
logia Systematica, 1792-1798. 


Scarabaeus aenobarbus, Fabr., p. 10, No. 32; syst. ent. p. 10. 
One specimen. 

S. enema, mant. ins., p. 4. 

S. hastatus, Fabr., p. 6, No. 11. One specimen. 

S. eurytus, syst. ent., p. 7; sp. ins. 1, p. 7. (=S. aenobarbus, 
q.0.) 

S. fricator, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 15. Two specimens. 

S. goliatus, Fabr., Mss.; syst. ent., p. 13. Two specimens. 
Fabricius’ description based on MHunterian specimens. 
Description in ent. syst. does not agree with earlier one. 


S. quadrispinosus, sp. ins. /., p. 11. 

8. lar, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. wus., p. 13. Two specimens. 

S. miliaris, syst. ent., p. 817. 

S. pactolus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 12. Two specimens. 

S. splendidulus, Fabr., p. 23, No. 100; sp. ims. I, p. 23. Two 
specimens. 

S. smaragdulus, Fabr., p. 34, No.-127; sp. ins. 1, p. 34. One 


specimen. 


KERR,—Zoo.oaicat CoLtuecrion, GLASGow University. 103 


Trox horridus, Fabr., p. 34, No. 3; syst. ent., p. 818. Three 
specimens. 

Melolontha innuba, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 22. Two specimens. 

M. proboscidea, syst. ent., p. 818; sp. ins. 1, p. 44. 

M. vitis, Fabr., p. 41, No. 34; syst. ent., p. 37. Two specimens. 

Trichius viridulus, Fabr., p. 49, No. 7; syst. ent., p. 820. Two 
specimens. The insect so labelled does not agree with the 
description. Label probably transposed. 

T. punctatus, Fabr., Mss. Two specimens. 

Cetonia erdenta, Fabr., Mss. One specimen. 

C. cruenta, Fabr., Mss. One specimen. 

C. haemorrhoidalis, Fabr., p. 58, No. 49; syst. ent., p. 819; 
sp. ins. I., p. 59. Three specimens. 

C. 4 punctata, mant. ins., p. 27. One specimen so labelled, 
which, however, does not agree with Fabricius’ description. 
The label is not in the usuai handwriting. 

C. rufipes, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ims., p. 27. One specimen, 
(!) metatype. Description in J/antissa said to be from 
Lund collection. 

C. smaragdula, Fabr., p. 53, No. 14; syst. ent., p. 45. One 
specimen. 

C. tristis, Fabr., p. 53, No. 13; syst. ent., p. 45. Two specimens. 

Dermestes felinus, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 34. Two specimens, 
(?) metatypes. Description in Mantissa said to be from 
Banksian specimen. 

Tritoma vittata, mant. ins., p. 44. 

Hispa serrata, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 48. One specimen. 

Silpha surinamensis, Fabr., p. 85, No. 1; sysé. ent., p. 72. Two 
specimens. 

Coccinella abbreviata, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ims., p. 54. Three 
specimens, ? metatypes. Description in J/antissa said to be 
from Blagden’s specimen. 

C. biguttata, Fabr., Mss., man. wms., p. 59. One specimen. 

C. ursina, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 61. One specimen. 

Cassida discoides, Fabr., p. 114, No. 34; syst. ent, p. 93; 
sp. ins., p. 114, No. 44. One specimen. (Another specimen 
in the next row, labelled simply “ Hab. in Brasilia,” appears 
to be really the type, the specimen or the labels probably 
having been transposed.) 


104 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


C. 11-punctata, Fabr., p. 110, No. 20; sp. ims. I, p. 110. One 

specimen. 

C. 4-pustulata, sp. ins. ., p. 111. 

C. 16-pustulata, Fabr., p. 115, No. 47; sp. ins. LZ, p. 115. One 

specimen. 

Chrysomela clavata, Fabr.; Mss., mant.ins., p.67. ‘Two specimens. 

C. anglica, sp. ins. L., p. 135. 

C. 10-maculata, Fabr., p. 131, No. 85; syst. ent., p. 105.. One 
specimen. 

. equestris, muant. ins., p. 76. 

. flavicornis, Fabr., Mss., mant. ins., p. 73. Three specimens, 
(?) metatypes. Description in Mantissa apparently from v. 
Rohr’s collection. 

C. histris, Fabr., Mss. Two specimens. 

C. ignita, Fabr., Mss., mant. ins., p. 68. Two specimens. 

C 

C 


Q2 Q 


. morio, Fabr., Mss. Two specimens. 
. nigripes, Fabr., p. 133, No. 98; sp. ims. I, p, 133. Two 

specimens. 

Cryptocephalus cinctus, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ims., p. 82. One 
specimen. 

C. lar, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 80. One specimen. 

C. notatus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 83. One specimen. 

Crioceris picta, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 87. One specimen. 

C. venustus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 79. One specimen. 

Altica nigripes, syst. ent., p. 113. 

A. anglica, syst. ent., p. 114. 

Cistela pallida, Fabr., p. 148, No. 11; syst. ent., p. 117. Two 
specimens, one bad. 

Erotylus histrio, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 91. Two specimens. 

E. nebulosus, Fabr., p. 158, No. 10. One specimen. _ 

E. punctatissimus, Fabr., p. 157, No. 5; syst. ent., p. 123. One 
specimen. 

E. reticulatus, mant. ins., p. 91. 

Lagria marginata, Fabr., p. 159, No. 5; sp. ams. L., p. 199. One 
specimen, bad. 

Curculio aeneus, Fabr., p. 131, No. 22; syst. ent, p. 131; 
sp. ins. I., p. 166. One specimen. 

C. bicolor, Fabr., p. 166, No. 25; syst. ent, p. 131. Three 
specimens, one imperfect. 


KERR.—Zoo.ogicat CoLLectTion, GLascow University. 105 


C. biguttatus, Fabr., p. 164, No. 17; syst. ent, p. 130. Two 
specimens. 

C. cinereus, Fabr., Mss. ‘Two specimens. 

C. cyanipes, Fabr., Mss.; manté. ins., p. 113. Three specimens. 

C. gibber, mant. ins., p. 112. 

C. jamaicensis, Fabr., p. 173, No. 73. One specimen. 

C. lacteus, sp. is. L., p. 185. 

C. marginatus, Fabr., p. 185, No. 131; syst. ent., p. 140. 

C. niveus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 111. Two specimens. 

C. s(p)inipes, Fabr., p. 174, No. 76. Two specimens. 

C. 6-guttatus, Fabr., p. 176, No. 87; syst. ent., p. 138. 

C. 3-fasciatus, mant. is., p. 105. 

C. 6-vittatus, Oliv. One specimen. 


Prionus canaliculatus, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 150. Two 
specimens. 

P. nitidus, mant. ins., p. 128. 

Cerambyx dimidiatus, mant. ins., p. 133. 

C. ebulinus, mant. ins., p. 132. 

C. hebraicus, Fabr., p. 210, No. 5: C. hebraeus, sp. ws. L., p. 210. 

One specimen. 

. Morio, mant. ins., p. 133. 

. rufipes, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 133. One specimen. 

. scorpio, Fabr., p. 210, No. 6. Two specimens. 

. Striatus, mant. ins., p. 133. 

. suturalis, Fabr., p. 212, No. 16. One specimen. 

. tuberculatus, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ivs., p. 131. One specimen. 

Lamia molator, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 137. One specimen. 

L. nobilis, Fabr., Mss. ; mané. ins., p. 138. One specimen. 

Stenocorus cyaneus, Fabr., Mss.; p. 226, No. 25 syst. ent., 
p. 823. Two specimens. 

Saperda candida, Fabr., Mss.; mant. is., p. 147. One specimen. 

Callidium aeneum, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 151. Two specimens. 

C. angulatum, Fabr., Mss. ; syst. ent., p. 192; sp. ims. I., p. 241. 
Specimens not with others. 

C. cantharinus, Fabr., Mss. One specimen. 

C. picipes, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 157. Two specimens, one 
broken. 

Leptura emarginata, Fabr., Mss. One specimen. 

Lampyris cincta, Fabr., Mss. One specimen. 


ip) (@) (ele) (e) te) 


106 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Pyrochroa flabellata, Fabr., Mss. One specimen. 

Cantharis viridescens, Fabr., Mss. Two specimens. 

Elater fascicularis, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 171. One specimen. 

E. virens, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 172. Two specimens. 

Buprestis aurata, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 178. One specimen. 

B. blanda, sp. ins. /., p. 276. One specimen. 

B. canaliculata, Fabr, Mss. ; mant, ins., p. 181. One specimen, 
(?) metatype. Description in MJantissa apparently from 
Banksian specimen. 

B. corrusca, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 176. One specimen, 
(!) metatype. Description in Mantissa apparently from 
Banksian specimen. 

B. cyanipes, Fabr.. Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 178. Two specimens. 
(Mr. C. O. Waterhouse informs me that Polycasta resplendens, 
Thomson, is clearly the same insect ; also that the smaller of 
the two specimens is that figured by Olivier.) 

. dorsata, Fabr., Mss.; mani. ins., p. 179. One specimen. 

. fasciata, Fabr., Mss. ; mamnt. ins., p. 177. Two specimens. 

. meditabunda, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. is., p. 183. One specimen 

. ruficollis, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins, p. 184. Two specimens. 

. 3-punctata, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 179. One specimen. 

Clerus bifasciatus, Fabr., Mss. One specimen. © 

Cicindela biramosa, Fabr., p. 286, No. 16; mant, ins., p. 186. 
One specimen. : 

C. 8-guttata, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 187. Four specimens. 

Dytiscus fasciatus, Fabr., p. 293, No. 7; syst. ent., p. 825. Two 
specimens. 

D. vittatus, Fabr., p. 293, No. 10; syst. ent, p. &25. Two 
specimens, one headless. 

Carabus elevatus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 198. Two speci- 
mens. 

C. pallipes, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., 

C. rufescens, Fabr., p. 312, No. 7 
specimens, one headless. 

C. ruficollis, Fabr., Mss.; mant ins., p. 203. One specimen. 

C. truncatellus, Fabr., Mss. ; mnt. ins., p. 206. Three specimens. 

C. turcicus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 203. One specimen. 

C. unicolor, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 198. One specimen. 

Scarites depressus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 206. One specimen. 


Dn WWwW 


p- 202. Two specimens. 
35 syst. ent., p. 247. Two 


KERR.—ZootoeicaL CoLtLecrion, GLAsGow University. 107 


S. marginatus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. as., p. 206. One specimen. 

Pimelia gibba, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 207. One specimen. 

Lytta atrata, Fabr., p. 329, No. 7; syst. ent., p. 260. Four 
specimens. 

i vittata, Pabr., p7o29, No.6; syst. ent, p. 260. Three 
specimens. 

Mylabris 4-punctatus, Fabr., Mss.; munt. ins., p. 217. Two 
specimens, (?) metatypes. Description in Jantissa said to be 
from Banksian specimen. 

Mordella 6-maculata, Fabr., p. 332, No. 4; syst. ent., p. 263. 
Two specimens. 

Blatta cincta, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 226. Two specimens. 

Mantis bidens, Fabr., p. 350, No. 24; syst. ent., p. 277. Two 
specimens. 

M. bispinosa, Fabr., p. 346, No. 5; syst. ent., p. 274. Two 
specimens. 

M. filiformis, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 227. One specimen. 

M. hyalina, Fabr., p. 349, No. 22; syst. ent., p. 277; Degler’s sp. 
A bare pin accompanies the label. 

Locusta camellifolia ( ‘‘Canallifolia” on label), Fabr., p. 396, 
No. 4; syst. ent., p. 283. One specimen. 

L. perspicillata, Fabr., p. 357, No. 7; syst. ent., p. 283. One 
specimen, label has been moved. 

L. specularis, Fabr., p. 357, No. 11; syst. ent., p. 284. One 
specimen. Label moved: spelt “ spicularis.” 

[The three preceding species are in a drawer which has 
obviously undergone rearrangement. | 

Hemerobius maculatus, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 247. One 
specimen, body broken off; (?) metatype. Description in 

_ Mantissa said to be from Banksian specimen. 

Myrmeleon punctata, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 249. Two 
specimens, (?) metatypes. Description in Mantissa said to be 
from Banksian specimen. 

Ichneumon pedator, syst. ent., p. 828; sp. ins. L., p. 429. 

Libellula versicolor, Fabr., p. 523, No. 22; ‘syst. ent., p. 428. 
One specimen. 

Papilio amaryllis, ent. syst. IJI., p. 189. 

P, astyanax, Fabr., p. 7, No. 27; syst. ent., p. 447. Two 
specimens. 


108 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


ty 


. baldus, Fabr., p. 68, No. 306; syst. ent., p. 829. One 
specimen, imperfect. 
. brontes (=P. ammon), Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins. II., p. 87. 


. chaleas, Fabr., p. 18, No. 70 ( = P. palamedes, Drury) ; syst. ent., 


p. 453. Two specimens. 


. cochrus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 25. Cochrus looks like 


“Cochreae” on label, but the specimen is clearly the type of 
P. cochrus. One specimen. 


. corydon, Fabr., p. 134, No. 616; syst. ent. p. 533. Two 


specimens. 


. dorcas, Fabr., p. 97, No. 424; syst. ent., p. 508. Two 


specimens. 


. cochreae, Fabr., Mss. One specimen? See P. cochrus. 
. egaea, “Fabr., p. 79, No. 351; syst. ent., p. 496. 9 iiwo 


specimens. 


. eribotes, Fabr., p. 60, No. 267; syst. ent., p. 484. Three 


specimens. 


. erippus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 27. Three specimens. 
. erithonius, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 11. Butler says type of 


P. eupalus in Bank’s collection. Are they really the same ? 


. eurytus, Fabr., p. 65, No. 291; syst. ent, p. 487. Two 


specimens. Three specimens thus labelled, two together are 
clearly the types. 


. gnoma, Fabr., p. 50, No. 217; syst. ent., p. 828. One 


specimen. 


. gripus, Fabr., p. 58, No. 225; syst. ent., p. 829. One specimen. 


Label spelt ‘“ gripeus.” 


- ialus, Fabr., Mss. One specimen. 

. jamassia, mant. ins., p. 49 ; ent. syst. IIT., p. 121. 

. lidea, Fabr., Mss. Two specimens, bad. 

. maenas, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 90. Two specimens. 

. maerula, Fabr., p. 51, No. 222; syst. ent., p. 479. Two 


specimens. 


. antus, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 78. Two specimens. 
. menatus, Fabr., Mss. One specimen. 


. Morna, syst. ent., p. 500; sp. ins. IL, p. 85. 


. morvus, Fabr., p. 61, No. 270; syst. ent., p. 484. One 


specimen, bad. 


roy Ww ii 


ty Dd tg 


KERR.—Zootoarcat Cottection, GLAscow University. 109 


. nothus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 88. One specimen. 
. orion, Fabr., p. 62, No. 274; sp. ans. JZ, p. 62. Aganisthos 


odius, Fabr,; Butler, p. 54. Two specimens. 


. orion, Fabr., p. 132, No. 605. Two specimens. A specimen 


of P. arion in the same drawer is also labelled “‘ P. orion,” 
Fabr., p. 62, No. 274. 


. palamedes, Fabr., p. 18, No. 73; syst. ent., p. 454. Two 


specimens. 
pegala, Fabr., p. 76, No. 338; syst. ent., p. 494.- Two 
specimens. 


. peranthus, Fabr., Mss. One specimen. 

. perion, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 68. Three specimens. 

. phocion, Fabr. ; ent. syst. JZ, p. 335 ( =P. coridon, q.v.). 

. policenes, Fabr., Mss. See P. pompilius. 

. pompilius, Fabr.; mant. ins. I7., p. 8. Two specimens, 


labelled “ P. yolicenes, Fabr., Mss.” 
proterpia, Fabr., p. 50, No. 215; syst. ent. p. 478. One 
specimen. 


. salus, Fabr., Mss. ; ent. syst. 7/J., p. 342. One specimen. 
. sebaldus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 89. Two specimens. 


serina, Fabr., p. 80, No. -352; syst. ent., p. 497. Two 
specimens. 


. susanna, mant. ins., p. 16; ent. syst. ILL., p. 178. 
. thais, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 64. One specimen. 
. thersites, Fabr., p. 18, No. 68; syst. ent., p. 453. (= ¢ of 


P. acamus, Fabr. See Butler, p. 246.) Specimen. 


. thymetus, Fabr.. Mss. ; mant. ins. 1/., p. 30. Two specimens. 
. timon, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins. I7., p. 65. One specimen. 
. troglodyta, Fabr., p. 87, No. 384; syst. ent., p. 502. Two 


specimens. 


. ursula, Fabr. ; ent. syst. ITI., p. 82 = P. astyanaz, q.v. 


zangis, Fabr., p. 65, No. 290; syst. ent., p. 486. Two 


specimens. 


Sphinx alope, Fabr., Mss. Two specimens. 


8. 


penaeus, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 93. Two specimens. 
In another drawer (22) a different insect so labelled. 


Sesia 8-maculata, Fabr., p. 68; syst. ent., p. 830; sp. ins. IL, 


p- 155. One specimen. 


Zygaena butus, mat. ins., p. 105. 


110 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Z. flabellicornis, Fabr. ; syst. ent., p. 831; sp. ins. IL, p. 163. 
Z 8maculata, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 106. One specimen. 
Label not in usual handwriting. 
Z. maja, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ns. p. 106. Two specimens, bad. 
Z. pylotis, Fabr.. Mss. Loose label. 
Bombyx armida, Fabr., Mss. Three specimens, These do not agree 
with description of B. armida, Fabr. ; ent. syst. LIL, p. 415, 
No. 23. On the other hand they agree with the description 
of b. cassandra. Apparently Fabricius transferred the 
name armida to a species described from vy. Rohr’s collection 
and gave the Hunterian specimens the new name cassandra. 
. astraea, Fabr. Two specimens. Name not published, 
. aurotus, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 108. One specimen. 
. cassandra, mant. ins., p. 111. The types of this species are 
apparently the three specimens labelled B. armida, q.v. 
B. deflorata, syst. ent., p. 582; sp. ins. I/., p. 199. The type 
of this species are apparently two specimens labelled 3B. 


WwW wh 


mainlaria, Fabr., Mss. 

B. festiva, Fabr., p. 194, No. 109; syst. ent., p. 579. Two 
specimens. 

B. io, Fabr., p. 173, No. 28; syst. ent., p. 560. Two specimens, 
bad condition. 

B. mainiaria, Fabr., Mss. Two specimens. This appears to be 
the species afterwards published as 3. deflorata, q.v. 

B. ocularia, Fabr., p. 177, No. 44; syst. ent. p. 564. Two 
specimens, one imperfect. 

B. proserpina, Fabr., p. 173, No. 31; syst. ent., p. 561. Two 
specimens, poor condition. 

B. stigma, Fabr., p. 176, No. 40; syst. ent., p. 563. Two 
specimens. 

B. vitatta, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 127. One specimen. 

Noctua delia, Fabr., Mss.* Two specimens. 

N. marginata, Fabr., p. 216, No. 40; syst. ent. p. 597. (=. 
marginella, Fabr. ; ent. syst. IL., pt. 2, 29.) Two specimens. 

Membracis bonasia, Fabr., p. 318, No. 13; syst. ent., p. 677. 
Two specimens. 

M. hastata, Fabr., Mss.; mant. ins., p. 263. Two specimens. 

Cercopis marginata, mant. ins., p. 273. 

C. schach, Fabr., Mss. ; mant. ins., p. 274. One specimen, 


KERR.—-Zootocicat CoLtiection, Guascow University. 111 


Cimex 6-punctatus, Fabr., p. 338, No. 7; sp. ins. IL, p. 339. 
One specimen. 

C. trilineatus, Fabr., p. 341, No. 14; sp. mms. IL, p. 341. Two 
specimens. 

Reduvius hamatus, sp. ins. //., p. 381. 


List of specimens of Corals described by Ellis, and now 


in the University collection. 


Of the Ellis corals several are clearly identifiable with the 
specimens figured in Ellis and Solander’s Natural History of 
Zoophytes. Doubtless a large proportion of the others are also 
Type specimens, though it is difficult to be certain of their 
identity with the specimens figured, owing in some cases to the 
specimens being broken and in others to the want of accuracy in 
detail in the figures. It is greatly to be hoped that the Ellis 
collection of corals, like the Fabrician collection of insects, will 
before long receive the study it deserves from some competent 
specialist. 

Madrepora anthophyllites, KE. & 8. 

. angulosa (var. y), E. & 8. Figured specimen pl. 34. 

. carduus, E. & 8. 

. areolata, E. & 8. 

ramea, L. 

phrygia, E.& 8. Type, figured plate 48, fig. 2. 

daedalea, E.& 8. Type, figured pl. 46. 

rotulosa, E. & 8. Type, figured pl. 55. 

annularis, E. & S. Type, figured pl. 53, fig. 1. 

abdita, E.& 8. Type (?) figured pl. 50, fig. 2. 
tibicina (?) E. & 8. Specimen which may be the species 
figured on plate 32, fig. 1. 

aspera, E.& 8. Type(?) figured pl. 39. 

. ampliata, E. & S. 

. cinerascens, HE. & 8. Type, figured pl. 43. 

. pileus, E. & 8S. Specimen (?) figured pl. 45. 

. faveolata, E. & 8. 

. muricata, E. & S. 

. undata, HE. & S. (?) Pieces of specimen figured pl. 40. 

. foliosa, Pallas, E. & S. 

Heliopora caerulea (EH. & 8.). 


SESS RBSSS SSRBSSRBEBBS 


112 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


On the Sycamores in the Clyde Drainage Area. 
By Joun Renwick. 


[Read 28th June, 1910.] 


The annexed table gives measurements made by Mr. Richard 
M‘Kay and myself of Sycamores (Acer Pseudoplatanus Linn.) 
in the Clyde drainage area. Of 77 trees, 24 are situated 
in Ayr, 17 in Dumbarton, 16 in Lanark, 16 in Renfrew, 2 in 
Argyll, 1 in Bute, 1 in Stirling. 

The records for the last three counties are few, and pretty 
certainly not what they might be. Only part of Stirling is 
included in the area under consideration. 

In girth of trunk, 27 are above 14 feet, 35 between 14 feet 
and 11 feet, and 15 under 11 feet. The tree with the greatest 
girth, 19 feet 11 inches at 4 feet 6 inches, is one near the 
West Lodge of Erskine House, Renfrew. It stands a little 
above the edge of the 25 feet raised beach, on whinstone. It 
divides at 7 feet into two large stems, and has a height of 
77 feet. In the same county at Loganswraes is a very fine full- 
foliaged tree, with a girth of 18 feet 9 inches at 3 feet 
6 inches, a short bole of 5 feet, a height of 83 feet, and a 
spread of 923 feet. Ayrshire has four Sycamores with girths 
of over 17 feet—two at Glendoune, near Girvan, respectively 
18 feet 8 inches at 3 feet 6 inches, bole 53 feet, and 17 feet 
4 inches at base, bole 4 feet; one at the old castle of Rowallan, 
300 feet above sea level, with a girth of 17 feet 93 inches at 
3 feet, bole 4 feet ; and one at Auchencruive, on the River Ayr, 
girth 17 feet 7 inches at 3 feet 3 inches, bole 4 feet. 

We have taken the heights of only 25 Sycamores. The 
highest is in the grounds of Erskine House, and reaches 94 
feet, with a bole of 35 feet, a spread of 85 feet, and a girth 
of 15 feet 93 inches at 6 feet. It is one of the finest Sycamores 


in the district. Two at the old castle of Mains, near Miln- 


gavie, Dumbarton, are 87 feet high, and have also long trunks, 
the one 32 feet, the other 22 feet. A very finely-proportioned 
tree on the banks of the Clyde at Westburn, Cambuslang, 
Lanark, has a height of 85 feet, bole 12 feet, spread 
87 feet, girth 16 feet 93 inches at 5 feet. 


REN WICK.—SycamoreEs IN CLYDE DraINaGE-AREA. 113 


This symmetrical tree, which is the subject of a plate in 
the first volume of the Annals of the Andersonian Naturalists’ 
Society, is being fast killed by the smoke of the district. 

Of the rest, eight are between 80 and 85 feet, and six 
between 70 and 80 feet. 

The tree with the greatest diameter of spread—974 feet— 
is at Bishopton House, Renfrew, on the steep slope forming the 
old sea cliff bounding the 25 feet raised beach. It has a 
height of 80 feet, bole 14 feet, girth 15 feet 84 inches at 7 feet 
6 inches. It is figured by Strutt, in his Sylva Scotica, 1830, 
and described as a stately, wide-spreading tree, with a girth 
at the ground of 20 feet—evidently an exaggeration. Accord- 
ing to local tradition, John Knox preached under its branches 
in 1556. when he visited his friend the Earl of Glencairn, 
the owner of the neighbouring estate of Finlayston. He 
dispensed the sacrament at Finlayston House, and an old yew- 
tree, still carefully guarded there, is pointed out as one under 
which he preached. So far as I can find, history has no record 
of a visit to Bishopton House. It is quite probable that the 
tradition has been transferred from the original tree to a 
worthy successor. At Caprington Castle, near Kilmarnock, 
Ayr, is a very fine tree, with a spread of 963 feet in one 
direction, and 95 feet at right angles, girth 14 feet 104 
inches at 3 feet 6 inches, bole 74 feet, height 67 feet. Next 
come the much taller Loganswraes tree, with a spread in 
three directions of 924 feet, 91 feet, 88 feet; the Westburn 
one, 87 feet; and the tall one at Erskine, 853 feet. The 
celebrated ‘‘ Dule-tree’’? at Cassillis House, Ayr, has 
a spread of 81 feet, but is only 56 feet high, girth 

(14 feet 4% inches at 5 feet, bole 84 feet. It is 
probably the best known of any, through its association 
with the tradition of the hanging of Johnnie Faa and fourteen 
of his followers, for running away with a Countess of Cassillis. 
This event is alleged to have happened in 1643, but Paterson, 
in his History of Ayrshire, Vol. I1., page 258, shows that it 
could not have occurred at that date, but it may have taken 
place about a century earlier. ‘‘ Every baronial residence had 
its dule-tree. . . . Under its branches the members of the 

H 


114 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


baron’s family congregated on occasions of particular lamenta- 
tion to give expression to their feelings. When David, first 
Earl of Cassillis, fell at the battle of Flodden in 1513, his 
fate was deplored for many days by his friends and adherents 
under the dule-tree in front of Cassillis House.* Gilbert, the 
second Earl, was assassinated in 1527. ‘‘ For this deed the 
Kennedys exacted a stern vengeance, which they swore a 
solemn oath to take under the dule-tree.’’+ The present dule- 
tree is said to have borne the name for two centuries. 

Mr. R. Hutchison, in the 7'ransactions of the Highland and 
Agricultural Society for 1880, page 156, states that there were 
then two dule-trees, Sycamores, at Blairquhan, Ayr, “‘ the 
largest of which is 72 feet in height and 17 feet 8 inches 
in circumference’ at 10 feet from the ground. The other is 
somewhat smaller in dimensions. The date on the old 
escutcheon on the adjoining courtyard is 1573, to which 
period, probably, the planting of these trees may be referred.”’ 
The Rev. Roderick Lawson, of Maybole, in September, 1896, 
mentions the dule-tree at Blairquhan as a “‘ plane,’’ 15 feet 
10 inches in girth (apparently at 5 feet), with the ‘‘ branches 
sadly torn.’’? Evidently this is the smaller of the two spoken 
of by Mr. Hutchison, and we may have here an illustration 
of how a name and a tradition are transferred from an older 
to a younger tree. The Auchendrane dule-tree, at Newark 
Castle, was an Ash. At Cadder House, Lanark, is a decayed 
Sycamore, 12 feet 5 inches at 3 feet 6 inches, bole 10 feet, 
known as ‘‘ the Gallows tree.’’ The upper parts of the stem 
are bare, and part of the bole is also without bark. In front 
of Murdostoun House, Lanark, is the wreck of an old Sycamore 
known as ‘‘ Cromwell’s tree,’’ which would be a fine tree at 
its best. In ‘‘ Old and Remarkable Trees,’’ in the Highland 
and Agricultural Society Transactions, its dimensions about 
1863 are given as 14 feet 7 inches in girth, but at how far up 
is not stated; height 65 feet, spread 75 feet. Only a bare 
stump of 14 feet is now left. At the narrowest point, 3 feet 
8 inches up, the girth this year was 14 feet 84 inches, and a 


* Paterson, Hist. of Ayrshire, II., 350. 
+ Robertson, Ayrshire Families. 


RENWICK.—Sycamores 1n Crype DRAINAGE-AREA. ie 


part of the decayed trunk had fallen off. A young shoot 
growing out of the stem had unfortunately been blown over. 
If Cromwell saw this tree it would be on Ist May, 1651, on his 
return to Edinburgh from his second visit to Glasgow. He 
went by Auchtermuir, and visited the house of Allertoun 
(Allentoun), an estate a little farther up the North Calder 
Water than Murdostoun. When this Society visited Rowallan 
in 1909 the proprietor, A. Cameron Corbett, Esq., M.P., took 
us to a Sycamore known as ‘‘ the marriage tree,’’ said to mark 
the spot where Jean, born 1678, daughter and heiress of the 
last Sir William Mure of Rowallan, was married to William 
Fairlie of Bruntsfield. A note by the editor, William Muir, 
of ‘‘ The Historie and Descent of the House of Rowallane,”’ 
published 1825, states—‘‘ the ceremony was performed by a 
curate, in the fields, about a quarter of a mile from the House 
of Rowallan, at a tree still called the marriage tree, which 
stands on the top of a steep bank above that part of the stream 
(Carmel Water) called ‘ Janet’s Kirn.’ ’”? The tree now girths 
9 feet 4 inches at 5 feet, and is surrounded by a thick growth 
of other trees and brushwood. 

The average annual rate of growth in girth varies very , 
much, being evidently affected by the age, the kind of trunk, 
soil, surroundings, exposure, condition, &c. A young tree 
at ‘‘ The Hollies,’? Dunoon, whose age, according to the late 
Provost James Clark of Paisley, was 37 years when I measured 
it with him, had a girth of 4 feet at 3 feet up, giving a rate 
of increase of 1°30 inch yearly. It has a bole of 10 feet, 
and is situated on the slope of the old sea cliff. Another 
Sycamore, with a bole of 6 feet, girthed 4 feet 94 inches at 
3 feet. Provost Clark stated that it was several years older 
than the other tree. The average rate would thus seem to be 
about the same. Trees with short boles, even when of large 
girth, show a high rate, e.g. :-— 


Yearly Rate. Bole. Girth. 
Rowallan, - - 96 inch. 4 feet. 17 feet 91 inches. 
Castlemilk, - ~ 3X0) 5s Syn a 
TLoganswraes, 2 items yn 17 feet 114 inches. 
Strathleven, : 61 ane OS. a 
Cadzow, : - sitet te ae a3 
‘ 


Erskine, 2 - D6 a ~ 19 feet 11 inches, 


116 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


In these cases, especially in the Rowallan tree, much of the 
great increase must be due to the growth of the swelling base 
and branches; but as we have always taken the measurements 
at the narrowest part of the trunk, this element is reduced 
as much as possible. Of the Loganswraes tree, I received from 
the late Prof. Thomas King a note of a measurement 15 feet 
3 inches, taken in 1841 by Mr. J. R. Notman. Comparing 
it and those taken by us in 1889 and 1910, it appears that 
the rate for 48 years between 1841 and 1899 is °68 inch 
yearly, and for 21 years between 1899 and 1910 is °45 inch 
yearly, showing a decreasing rate as the age increases. 
Speaking generally, it may be said from the figures in the 
table that a girth increase of above 4 inch a year is large, 
from ‘50 to °41 inch good, *38 to °25 inch fair, while from 
"18 to ‘07 inch seems to indicate that the trees are in poor 
condition. The two trees at the old Castle of Mains, both 
87 feet high, have been measured at intervals of 2, 8, and 
7 years. One has shown a steady increase of } inch yearly, 
the other of 4, 23, } inch. The former has a longer trunk 
and a smaller girth, but possibly the trees are about the 
same age. 

A list of old and remarkable trees in Scotland appeared in 
the Highland and Agricultural Society’s Transactions for 1864 
and 1865. Of 11 Sycamores belonging to this district, 4 occur 


in our table, namely, 1 each at Cassillis, Houston, Rossdhu, 


and Murdostoun. In the same Society’s Transactions for 1880 
Mr. R. Hutchison had a valuable paper ‘‘ On the Old and 
Remarkable Sycamores in Scotland.’’ His list included 22 
trees in Argyll, Ayr, Dumbarton, and Renfrew. Seven of 
these are in our table, 3 at Cassillis, 2 at Rossdhu, 1 each at 
Houston and Camiseskan ; and possibly other three, 2 at Glen- 
doune, and 1 at Loudoun, but the various dimensions do not 
quite agree. In the former list a Sycamore is recorded at 
the Glebe, Old Kilpatrick, 70 feet high, 10 feet bole, 36 feet 
spread, 17 feet girth, but at what distance from ground is 
not stated. Mr. John Bruce, in his History of the Parish of 
Kilpatrick, writes :—‘‘ During the building of the present 
church [1812] the congregation met frequently under the now 


REN WICK.—Sycamores IN ClyDE DraINAGE-AREA. 117 


magnificent plane-tree on the glebe in front of the manse.”’ 
In Mr. Hutchison’s list a very handsome specimen is recorded 
at Hawkhead, with a girth of 17 feet 4 inches at 5 teet, bole 
15 feet, height 80 feet, spread 70 feet. In Lhe Trees of Great 
Britain and Ireland, by Messrs. Elwes and Henry, the only 
Sycamore mentioned in our district, other than those at 
Erskine, Loganswraes, and Bishopton, is a fine one at 
Inveraray Castle, about 100 feet high, with a bole of about 
35 feet, but its girth in 1906 was only 12 feet 2 inches. 
Although the Sycamore or Great Maple is not a native ot 
Scotland, it grows very well here. Mr. Elwes writes :—‘‘ The 
Sycamore or Plane, as it is commonly called in Scotland, 
seems to reach its greatest size or perfection in the 
puider hilly parts of England and Scotland, where nearly all 
the finest specimens we know of are to be found.’? Even in 
the Cotswold Hills ‘‘ there are none quite equal to some trees 
in Scotland.’’ Dr. John Walker, Professor of Natural History 
in the University of Edinburgh, who died in 1803, says of it 
in his Economical History of the Hebrides and Highlands of 
Scotland :—‘‘ When it was first introduced is uncertain, but 
it seems not only to have been planted, but to have been 
propagated by seeds and suckers for several generations betore 
any other forest tree was introduced into Scotland.’’ : 
““ The Elder and the Plane [as he called it] appear to have 
been the only two barren trees planted in Scotland till toward 
the middle of the seventeenth century.’’ In his Hssays on 
Natural History he states :—‘‘ The first barren trees planted 
in Scotland were those of exotic growth, such as the Plane, 
Elder, Beech, Chesnut, Lime, and Pitch and Silver Fir. 
' These at the time were planted in gardens rather from 
curiosity or for ornament than for use. We have no planted 
Oak, Ash, Elm, or Fir of such an old date, as the country 
was then full of natural woods composed of those trees, and 
little demand for them.’’ He records a Plane at Calder House, 
Midlothian, girth, in 1799, 17 feet 7 inches at 4 feet, trunk 
12 feet, known to have been planted before the Reformation, 
and supposed to be not less than 300 years old. This would 
take us back to the end of the fifteenth century. At Newbattle, 


118 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST, 


he says, were many Planes planted before the Reformation. 
The one with the greatest appearance of antiquity, and 
seemingly still sound, was probably planted before 1530. It 
was the largest tree of the kind about the place, and measured 
on 6th July, 1789, 18 feet 7 inches at 4 feet. On 4th July, 
1896, this Society visited Newbattle, and saw the ruins of what 
is evidently this tree. It was a stump about 18 feet high, 
and girthed 21 feet 34 inches at the narrowest point 4 feet up. 
Other large Sycamores there had a girth of trunk in 1896 of 
18 feet 74 inches at 5 feet, and 15 feet 1} inches at 5 feet. 
What Loudon—<Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1836) 
—considered ‘‘ perhaps the oldest Sycamore in Scotland, and 
which appears to be at the same time the largest tree of the 
kind in Britain, is that at Kippeaross in Perthshire.”’ “‘ It 
appears . . . that this tree went by the name of the big 
tree in Kippenross in the time of Charles II.’’ [1660-1685]. 
Hunter, in Woods, &c., of Perthshire, gives the measurements 
in 1841 as—girth 19 feet 6 inches at the narrowest part of 
the trunk, height 100 feet, spread 114 feet, and states that, 
according to old estate papers, it was 440 years old. This 
takes the date of its planting back to the beginning of the 
fifteenth century. Ramsay of Ochtertyre, in his Scotland 
and Scotsmen of the 18th Century (Vol. II., page 122), states 
that Kippenross, in the beginning of the 15th century, was 
the seat of the Kinrosses. ‘‘ The old trees, which have all 
along been the glory of the place, were in all probability of 
their planting.’’ Prior to 1749, ‘‘ there were three things 
remarkable for size about Kippenross, viz., the laird, the great 
plane-tree, and a bottle which was occasionally brought into 
the room by two men on a barrow.” . . . ‘‘ The age of 
the great tree is uncertain, but in 1740 a widow Gillespie, 
who had lived all her life about the place, said she remembered 
no odds on it for more than 70 years, though she was sensible 
of an alteration upon most of the other trees.’’ Hunter states 
that Mr. Ramsay’s record of its girth in 1800 was 18 feet 
at narrowest, so that it had apparently increased 18 inches 
in 41 years, a yearly average of “44 inch, which is very large 
for an ancient tree. 


RENWICK.—Sycamores In Ctype DrainaGe-Argea. 119 


In conclusion, I may note other three large Sycamores which 
we have measured outside the Clyde area. At Tyninghame, 
Haddington, on the occasion of the Society’s excursion in 
September, 1896, girth 20 feet 54 inches at 3 feet; at Kinniel 
House, Linlithgow, June, 1899, girth 20 feet 33 inches at 
2 feet 8 inches, bole 54 feet; at Birnam, July, 1899, girth 
20 feet at 5 feet, bole 16 feet. This last tree is locally regarded 
as ‘‘ maybe one thousand years old !’’ 


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PATERSON—TuHE Rerurn oF SuMMER-BIRDs. 127 


The Return of Summer-Birds to the ‘‘Clyde” Area 
in 1910. 


By Joun Paterson. 


NotwitHstaNDING a somewhat inclement and boisterous April, 
the spring-migration season of 1910 proved a fairly normal one, 
till towards the end of that month at any rate. If we take as 
illustrations two common species, the Swallow and Willow-wren, 
we find that the former was widely reported by the middle of 
April, and the latter had reappeared in many of its old haunts 
in the third week of the month. There were, as frequently 
happens, some precocious appearances, and, in the present case, 
these may safely be attributed to the fact that the month of 
March was distinguished by bright and warm sunshine. 


List or ARRIVALS OF SuMMER-BIRDS IN THE ORDER OF THEIR 
APPEARANCE IN 1910. 


Lesser Black backed Gull (Larus fusews), Kilmacolm, 18th 
March (M‘Keith) ; Cardross, 19th; Dalbeth, 20th. 

Yellow Wagtail (J/otaci/la ravi), Dalbeth, 20th March (1) 
(Paterson, Ross, and Rennie); Beith, 19th April (Craig) ; 
Dalry, 20th (Shanks) ; Beith again, 21st, about a dozen, all 
males. 

Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus rufus), Skelmorlie (Ayrshire), 28th 
March (1) (R. Oswald Blyth), but not heard again till 25th 
April, On 28th March, the writer was at Auchendrane and 
Cassillis, in Ayrshire, but failed to find it, although the 
conditions for observation were very favourable. — First 
heard at Dalry, 25th April (Shanks). 

White Wagtail (Motacilla alba), Clyde at Cambuslang (2), above 
Carmyle (3), both on 31st March Ross); Beith, 3rd April 
(Craig). 

Wheatear (Saxicola awnanthe), Girvan, 27th March (Paterson, 
Ross, and Rennie) (2), but it had been seen in that 
neighbourhood some days earlier according to Mr. Gib 
Graham, Girvan ; Possil Marsh, a pair, 3rd April (Rennie) ; 
Kinnelhead (in Annamales 6th (Bartholomew). 


128 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Possil Marsh, 3rd April (2) (Rennie) ; 
Lamlash, 11th (Fullarton); Dalmuir. 14th (3) (Rennie) ; 
Dalry, 14th (Shanks); Beith, 14th, about a dozen, the males 
singing in concert—numbers there on 21st (Craig) ; Glen- 
orchard, 14th (Bartholomew). 

House- Martin (Chelidon urbica), Lamlash, 11th April (Fullarton) ; 
Kilmacolm, 17th (M‘Keith). 

Sand-Martin (Cotile riparia), Beith, 14th April (Craig), about a 
dozen; Kelvin at Summerston, 17th (2) (Rennie); Dalry, 
19th (Shanks). 

Common Sand-piper (V'otanus hypoleucus), Beith, 14th April 
(Craig); Kelvin, above stepping stones (2), on 17th (Paterson 
and Ross) ; Carmichael, 18th (Gibson) ; general on 24th. 

Ring-Ouzel (Vurdus torquwatus), Carmichael, 16th April (Gibson). 

Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), Kilmacolm, 17th April, and again on 
20th (M‘Keith) ; Glenorchard. 8th May (Bartholomew). 

Willow-Wren (Phylloscopus trochilus), Fairlie (Robertson), and 
Cadder (Paterson), one in each case in full song, 19th April ; 
Possil (2) and Lambhill (several) (Rennie), on 21st, and one 
male at Beith same day (Craig); Rouken Glen, 22nd ; 
Garelochhead, 23rd and 24th (Baxter) ; and Strathblane on 
latter date (Galloway and Cummings), and several in Cadder 
(Paterson). 

Corncrake (Crex pratensis), Dalry, 22nd April (Shanks) ; Kelvin 
at Cadder, lst May (Rennie); Glenorchard, 5rd (Bartho- 
lomew). 

Tree-Pipit (Anthus trivialis), Cadder, 1st May, seven in song 
(Rennie). 

Common Whitethroat (Sylvia cinerea), Braidwood, 7th May (1) 


(Paterson). 
Sedge-Warbler (Acrocephalus phragmitis), Possil, 10th May (3) 
(Rennie). 


The Swift, Wood-Wren, Whinchat, Redstart, Spotted Fly- 
catcher, and others were not reported till very late. The list, as 
far as it goes, is very full, and all those who have assisted are 
cordially thanked for co-operating. It should be borne in mind 
that long-continued inclemency in the weather is unfavourable to 
observation, and is only one of the perturbants that students 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 129 


have to contend with. This may not account for the late records 
of species which are always at the tail of the procession, as, while 
those that came early were no doubt led on by a brilliant March, 
those due late may well have been deterred by an April about 
which perhaps the less said the better. 


Note on Bathysiphon filiformis—Sars, in Clyde. 


By Mrs. Davin Rosertson. 


[Read 28th June, 1910.] 


THE specimen now exhibited was among some of the last dredgings 
by the late Dr. Robertson, off Wemyss Bay, which had not been 
examined. As far as I know it is new to Britain. Dr. Brady 
in his report of the voyage of H.M.S. “Challenger ” says—*‘ The 
test of Bathysiphon filiformis consists of a very long narrow tube, 
varying in thickness from end to end, though sometimes tapering 
very slightly, generally a good deal curved or bent, and usually 
white in colour, or nearly so. . . . Bathysiphon filiformis 
is a rare species, and has only been met with at one Challenger 
locality, Station 195, off Banda, Amboyna, 1,425 fathoms. It 
appears to be plentiful in the Hardanger Fiord (M. Sars, G. O. 
Sars, Norman), and occurs in deep water in the Bay of Biscay. 
(Norman, de Folin).” CHALLENGER REePporr—Zoo.oey, Vol. IX., 
Foramentfera, p. 248, Pl. XX VI., Figs. 15-20. 


Proceedings of the Society. 
(Continued from p. 96.) 


The President showed eggs of the Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) 
and of the Italian sparrow (Passer italic), which he had received 
from Mr. Robert H. Read, Corresponding Member, who had got 
them in Corsica during the past summer, 

I 


150 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Mr. Henry M-Culloch exhibited a male Greenland falcon 
(Falco candicans) got from the Hebrides recently. 

Among some ornithoiogical specimens kindly sent by Mr. Charles 
Kirk was the head of a pheasant (Phasianus colchieus), with a 
remarkable malformation, the upper mandible having formed a 
large hole and penetrated the lower one. 

Mr. John Robertson contributed a lantern-exhibit of the nests 
of waders and water birds, and gave many interesting particulars 
regarding the habits of the species dealt with. 

Mr. W. Cameron Davidson read a paper entitled ‘‘ Aberdeen 
University : Bird Migration Inquiry ” (page 61). 

The President (Mr, John Paterson) read a paper “On the 
Birds of the Glasgow District” (page 43). 


The fifth meeting of Session 1909-10 took place on 25th 
January. 1910, Mr. John Paterson, President, in the chair. 

Before constituting the meeting the President made appro- 
priate reference to the loss the Society had sustained in the 
death of Mr. William Stewart, a former Vice-President, who 
had been an active member during the thirty years of his con- 
nection with the Society (page 33). 

Mr. W. Pettigrew showed a series of autochrome lantern slides 
illustrating topographical and botanical subjects, which excited 
great interest. 

Mr. J. Ballantyne read a paper entitled ‘‘ Rambles in Bute,” 
which was fully illustrated by a series of lantern slides. 


The sixth meeting of Session 1909-1910 took place on 22nd 
February, 1910, in the Society’s Rooms, Mr. John Paterson, 
President, in the chair. 

Mr. Herbert D. Shields exhibited pellets of the Tawny Owl 
(Syrnium aluco), the Herring-Gull (Larus argentatus), and the 
Rook (Corvus frugilegus), some as picked up and others mounted 
to show the remains contained in them. The owl’s pellets con- 
tained feathers, remains of beetles, mandibles and bones of birds, 
jaws of a mouse, and numerous small bones of mice and rats. One 
of the Herring-Gull pellets from Ailsa Craig showed various small 
bones, probably of birds, some feathers, remains of at least eight 
earwigs, and some hard gristly matter. There was no trace of 


=. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. Ne 


fish-bones, and only two tiny pieces of egg-shell. Another 
Herring-Gull pellet contained fragments of egg-shells of the 
Guillemot and Razorbill, small stones, part of a crab’s claw, and 
some grass. The pellets of the Rook showed husks of grain, 
and in one of them traces of egg-shell and some small stones. 

Mr. W. J. M‘Leod exhibited some aquatic Coleoptera from 
the Monklands district, and read a paper on the occurrence of 
the species in the district named (p. 78). 

Dr. Thos. B. Henderson exhibited two specimens of the Gecko 
(Tarentola delalandii, Gray), got among bananas which had 
probably been imported from the Canary Islands. Dr. Henderson 
described the structure, habits, and distribution of the species. 

Mr. Anderson Fergusson exhibited the following rare species 
of Coleoptera taken in the “Clyde” area :—Chlenius nigricornis, 
F., one specimen taken by Mr. A. A. Dalglish at Loch Fad, Bute, 
in May, 1901; Brychius elevatus, Panz., from River Irvine, 
clinging to a stick; Hydroporus ferrugineus, Steph., Loch Fad, 
Bute, taken by Mr. Fergusson in May, 1901; H. obsoletus, 
Aubé, Loch Fad, Bute, May 1901, and Knoweside, South 
Ayrshire, September 1908, both by Mr. Fergusson; Agabus 
chalconotus, Panz., got in numbers in pools in hills behind 
Greenock, January, 1901 ; Agathidiwm nigripenne, Kug., Cadder, 
Lanarkshire, April, 1909, one specimen about fungi on bark. 

Mr. James Mitchell, on behalf of Mr. Thos. F. Glen, Durban, 
a former member of the Society, exhibited mounted heads of a 
number of Antelopes. 

Geopuxis coccinea (Scop.), Mass., from West Kilbride, was 
exhibited by Mr. D. A. Boyd. 

Mr. W. R. Baxter read a paper entitled ‘Summer Notes on the 
Birds of Garelochhead ” (p. 69). 

- Mr. Robert Dunlop made some remarks on a fine series of 
lantern slides illustrating the physical features of the South 
Island of New Zealand. 


On the invitation of Professor J. Graham Kerr, a special 
meeting was held in the Natural History Class Room of the 
University of Glasgow, on 17th March, 1910, Mr. John Paterson, 
President, in the chair. 

Professor Graham Kerr made some remarks on the Zoological 


132 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


collection of the University (which appear at p. 97), and 
thereafter conducted those present over the Museum, pointing 
out the most interesting groups, to which he made appropriate 
reference. 


The seventh meeting of Session 1909-1910 took place on 29th 
March, 1910, in the Society’s Rooms, Mr. John Paterson, 
President, in the chair. 

The following gentlemen were elected ordinary members of the 
Society:—Messrs. Robert Francis Graham, Skipness, Argyleshire ; 
John Gillies, Normandale. Castle Douglas ; John Gloag, Howlet- 
burn, Galston ; and John Main, F.G.S8., 24 Marlborough Avenue, 
Partick. 

Mr. Laurence Watt exhibited a number of flowering plants 
and made remarks thereon (page 80). 

Mr. W. R. Baxter exhibited a second series of lantern-slides 
from photographs of birds’-nests taken at Garelochhead. 

Mr. Anderson Fergusson read a paper entitled, “ Additions to 
the List of Clyde Coleoptera ” (page 83). 

Dr. Robert Brown, F.L.S., Hon. Secretary, read a paper on 
“ Zermatt and its Flora,’ and exhibited a number of the rarer 
species found during many visits to the district. A short deserip- 
tion was given of this popular Alpine centre and of its special 
physical features, to which the variety of its Alpine flora is to be 
attributed. 


The eighth meeting of Session 1909-1910 was held on 26th 
April, 1910, in the Society's Rooms, Mr. John Paterson, Presi- 
dent, in the chair. 

Before the formal business the President made appropriate 
reference to the loss which the Society had just sustained through 
the sudden death on the previous day of Mr. 


GEORGE RUSSELL, 


at his residence, Tollcross House. Mr. Russell joined the Society 
in 1888, and from that date until a few years ago he was a regular 
exhibitor of plants, chiefly exotics, at its meetings. Mr. Russell 
presented the rare combination of being a good botanist as well 
as a practical gardener, and his frequent appearances at the 


* @ } a 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 133 


Society's meetings were always welcome. The graces of his char- 
acter endeared him to his fellow-members, and he will be much 
regretted by those who were privileged to know him. 


Mr. Joseph Sommerville read memorial notices of Thomas 
Gray (p. 65) and John Gray (p. 68). Through the kindness of 
Mr. James Paton, F.L.8., Mr. Sommerville was able to exhibit 
some rarities from the great collection of shells recently 
bequeathed by Mr. Thomas Gray to the Corporation of Glasgow, 
for exhibition in Kelvingrove Museum. 

Mr. Anderson Fergusson exhibited a collection of Coleoptera, 
taken in the Clyde area, and not formerly recorded. 


Mr. John Muir, a former member of the Society, sent for 
exhibition a fine collection of dried plants from a Cypress swamp 
in Alabama. 

Mr. J. W. Reoch contributed a lantern exhibit on “ Views of 


? 


Scottish Mountain Scenery,” which was much appreciated. 


The President (Mr. John Paterson) read a preliminary note on 
the appearance of our summer birds in 1910 (p. 127). Some 
mycological notes were submitted by Mr. D. A. Boyd (p. 92). 


A “List of Species of Insects, described by J. C. Fabricius, 
from specimens in Dr. Hunter’s Collection,” and a “List of 
Corals, described by Ellis, and now in the Collection of the 
University of Glasgow,” both by Professor J. Graham Kerr, 
were held as read, and appear at pp. 97 111. 


The annual ‘“ Meteorological Notes and Remarks upon the 

Weather during 1909, with its general effects upon Vegetation,” 
by Mr. James Whitton, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow, was 
submitted. 
_ In comparing the records for 1909 with those for the previous 
year, the rainfall which amounted to 38:26 inches was 4°68 
inches greater than in 1908. The wettest months were January 
and October, both being equal with 5°39 inches. The driest 
month was September, with only 1:59 inches of rainfall. The 
range of atmospheric pressure was much greater than in the 
previous year. The lowest readings were 28°30 inches on 6th 
October and 3rd December, and the highest 30°40 inches on 4th 
January and 13th February. The average temperature for the 
year was lower than in 1908, 


134 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


The weather conditions in 1909, only resemble those in 1908 
in respect of the prevalence of easterly winds. The rainfall, as 
above stated, was heavier, and the frosts more frequent and 
intense. There was an absence of bright sunshine, and con- 
sequently less warmth. 

There was a wonderfully fine display of bloom on most species 
of trees and shrubs, many being above the average. The 
flowering season was prolonged on account of the coolness of the 
atmosphere, and seed production was rather above the average. 
Mr. Whitton’s prophecy of a brilliant display of blossom in 1909 
(The Glasgow Naturalist, 1., p. 137) was justified. In many 
places elm trees in 1909 seeded so heavily that their growth was 
weakened. The prospect of a bright display in 1910 is a poor 
one. 


The ninth meeting of Session 1909-10 took place in the 
Society’s Rooms on 31st May, 1910, Mr. John Paterson, President. 
in the chair. 

Mr. David Bruce, exhibited two ruddy sheld-ducks (§ + 2) 
(Tadorna casarca), shot near Sarsclet, Caithness, on 27th June, 
1910. : 

Mr. Anderson Fergusson exhibited a coleopteron (Cryptomorpha 
desjardinsi, Guér.), introduced into this country with bananas. 
The specimen exhibited was found in a house in Glasgow, on 
23rd March, 1905. This species does not appear to have been 
recorded from any other Scottish town, but it has occurred at 
Winlaton-on-Tyne, London, Barton-on Sea, and Sandown, Isle of 
Wight. It is a small species, and has probably been overlooked. 

The President (Mr. John Paterson) exhibibited Pyrus 
torminalis, Ehrh., from Rickmansworth Park, Herts., where 
there are two notably large trees. This attractive species is 
quite unknown here, as is practically Pyrus Sorbus, a specimen of 
which, from Auchendrane (Ayr), was exhibited by Mr. John 
Renwick. 

Mr. John R. Lee exhibited Mnium riparium, Mitt., from 
Blantyre Priory (Lanark). This species is an addition to the 
moss-flora of ‘ Clyde.” In the recently published Census 
Catalogue of British Mosses, issued by the Moss Exchange Club, 
it is only recorded from vice-county No. 88, Mid-Perth. It 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIPTY. ee) 


closely resembles and may be mistaken for Mniwm serraiwm. 

Mr. Peter Ewing, F.L.S., exhibited, with the aid of the lantern, 
a collection of photographs of Alpine plants in situ. 

Mr. James Clark, M.A.. D.Sc.; A.R.C.S., gave a very interest- 
ing address on “The Systematic Study of a County Fauna,” in 
which he narrated his experience in working up the fauna of 
Cornwall during the nine years he was Principal of the Central 
Technical Schools at Truro. 


The tenth meeting of Session 1909-10 was held on 28th June, 
1910, in the Society's Rooms, Mr. John Paterson, President, in 
the chair. 

Mr. William M‘Cutcheon, Goulburn, Saltcoats, was elected as 
an ordinary member, 

Reports of excursions to Bute (p. 140), Balmaha (p. 138), Carn- 
wath (p. 139), and Stonebyres Estate were read. 

Mrs. David Robertson sent for exhibition Bathysiphon filiformis, 
Sars, new to Britain (p. 129). 

The luminous moss Schistostega osmwndacea, Mohr., which 
had been gathered at Carron Glen, was exhibited by Mr. J. G. 
Robertson, and the habit and structure of the moss were described 
by Mr. J. R Lee. 

Mr. John Renwick exhibited, on behalf of Mr. A. Gilchrist, 
Vicia Orobus, DC., and Juniperus communis, Linn., both from 
Stey Amry, New Cumnock. 

An albino otter (Lutra vulgaris), from Islay, was exhibited by 
Mr. Frank M‘Culloch—the second that had come in the course of 
his experience to Mr. M‘Culloch for preservation. 

Mr. John Robertson showed eggs of the linnet, twite, and 
lesser redpole, with the purpose of directing attention to the close 

‘resemblance that the eggs of those finches bore to each other. 

Mr. A. Hill showed a strikingly fasciated Pyrethrum. 

Mr. John Renwick read a paper “On the Sycamores in the 
Clyde Drainage-Area” (p. 112). 

The President (Mr. John Paterson) gave an account of a 
visit he paid in May to the Bird-Sanctuary in the Brent Valley, 
near London. 


136 THE GLASGOW NATURALISTP. 


Excursions. 


CassILLIS and AUCHENDRANE, 26th March, 1910.—The first 
excursion of the season took place on the Spring Holiday, when 
the grounds of Cassilis House and of Auchendrane House, in 
Ayrshire, were visited by a party, seven in number. Mr. John 
Renwick was conductor. 

Cassillis House is finely situated on a high bank overlooking 
the River Doon. Near the house stands the “ dule tree,’ for par- 
ticulars of which see page 113. Near the “dule tree” are other 
two Sycamores (Acer Psewdoplatanus), with longer boles, but not so 
thick ; taller, but not such wide-spreading trees—one, with girth 
12 ft. 34 ins., bole 17 ft., height 72 ft.; another, with girth 
11 ft. 1d ins., bole 22 ft. At the gamekeeper’s house is a good Scots 
Fir, girth 12 ft. at 5 ft. bole. About half-a-mile to the 8.E. of the 
house are “certain little romantic, rocky, green hills” (urns), whose 
name is known wherever the wandering Scot is found—Cassillis 
Downans, mentioned in Burns’s “ Hallowe’en.” The top of the 
highest and largest hill has been occupied as a fort, the remains 
of which are well seen. On a slightly lower eminence are traces 
of a smaller fort. There are other four forts in this parish. The 
name ‘“‘downans” or ‘“‘dunans” seems to be simply the Gaelic 
dun (a hill, a hill-fort), dwnan (a hillock, or fortlet), anglicised 
into “downans” or “dunans,” plural. They are supposed by 
some to be Danish, by others to be British, but they may be 
attributable to earlier inhabitants, and the traditions about the 
fairies reminiscent by the conquering Celtic race of a non-Aryan 
people, of smaller stature, whom they drove out, and whose last 
stand was made in these forts. The name of the farm at the 
northern base of the Downans, Dunrec = dunrigh (the king’s fort), 
suggests that this may have been the residence of the chief and 
the fort longest and most obstinately defended by the earlier 
race, whose sallies by night were more deeply impressed upon the 
memories of the invaders. Thus the traditions were attached to 
Cassillis Downans. The name ‘ Cassillis” may be derived from 
these forts or castles. 

From Cassillis the route was taken to Auchendrane. We were 
met by Mr. John Johnstone, the forester, who, as usual, guided us 
to the various interesting trees with which Auchendrane is well 
stocked. The beautiful Birch (Betula verrucosa) in front of the 


EXCURSIONS. 137 


house appears to be growing in girth at a slower rate than 
formerly. At 5 feet from the ground it measures 11 feet 
24 inches, an increase of 13} inches in 14 years, showing an 
average of ‘95 inches yearly for the last 14 years, against 1°57 
inches for the first 77 years of its life. At 5 feet above the 
mound which surrounds it the girth is 10 feet 7 inches, an 
increase of ten inches in 14 years—average, *71 inches, against 
1:52 inches for the previous 

The largest of the row of six Silver Firs (Picea pectinata) 
(“ Union trees”), planted 1707, girths 16 feet 74 inches at 5 feet, 
an increase of 14} inches in 14 years, average 1-03 inches, which 


ry 


7 years. 


is larger than the average, ‘98 inches, for the previous 188 years. 

The remarkable specimen of the True Service-tree or Sorb 
(Pyrus Sorbus), girths 5 feet 8 inches at 5 feet, an increase of 
2 inches since July, 1906. 

The fine Western Arbor Vite (Zhuia occidentalis) girths 
7 feet, an increase of 9 inches in 14 years. 

An Atlantic Cedar (Cedrus atlantica) is 5 feet 53 inches at 
5 feet 3 inches, an increase of 8 inches since 1902. 

A Deodar (Cedrus deodara), girths 5 feet 54 inches at 
5 feet 2 inches. 

An Elm which girths 11 feet 8? inches at 5 feet, is apparently 
Ulmus campestris of authors, possibly Ulmus glabra. 

On the trunk of a gean-tree on the slopes of Cassillis Downans 
a common Bat (Vesperugo pipistrellus) was observed. A snap- 
shot was taken by Mr. George Herriot, while Mr. Robert M‘Lean 
brought his stand-camera to bear, but the Bat, which showed 
signs of being stimulated by the bright sun (it was just after 
noon), flew off before Mr. M‘Lean was ready with his apparatus. 
The Bat flew about for perhaps five minutes, when through the 
branches of the tree a Kestrel (Falco tinaunculus) was observed, 
about ten yards beyond the tree. Its sinister motive in approach- 
ing so near was soon manifest. For a few moments only (during 
which the Bat and Kestrel engrossed excited attention) the two 
objects engaged in what was for the Bat a dance of death, as it 
suddenly disappeared from sight, being seized in the talons of the 
Kestrel. The members of our party were very lucky to be the 
witnesses of this striking occurrence. The Kestrel feeds largely 
on small mammals, but opportunities of catching a small mammal 


138 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


at flight must be very few, as it is doubtful if ever before in this 
country such an incident has been witnessed. Mr. J. H. Gurney, 
who, like his father before him, has been all his life deeply 
interested in the study of raptorial birds, writes that he never 
heard of such a thing, and wished he had been one of our party. 


Mains, 2nd April, 1910.—The second excursion this year was 
to Mains, near Milngavie. Mr. John Renwick, Conductor. Five of 
six trees measured in April, 1893, were seen on this occasion. For 
particulars regarding the large Sycamores on the estate, reference 
may be made to Mr. John Renwick’s paper on this tree(pp. 112-126). 

A Beech (Fagus sylvatica) to the north of the house, girths 
13 feet 8} inches at 4 feet 10 inches, increase 112 inches in 17 
years, average ‘69 inches. A Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus) 
8 feet 53 inches, bole 13 feet, increase 57 inches in 17 years, 
average °34 inches annually. 

To the east of the house is an old avenue, principally of Oaks 
(Quercus Robur), the third tree on the left seems to be the largest, 
it girths 10 feet 4? inches at 5 feet, bole 13 feet. height 71 feet. 
A Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) nearer the house girths 11 feet 
52 inches at 5 feet on E., has a trunk of 10 feet which hangs over 
to the west, and twists against the sun. A -Wych Elm (Udmus 
montana) to N.E. of house girths 10 feet 6 inches at 5 feet on 
N.E., bole 28 feet. A Deodar (Cedrus deodara) near bowling 
green, 5 feet 44 inches at 5 feet next house, bole 30 feet. A Cedar 
of Lebanon (C. libani) to S.E. of house, girths 6 feet 3? inches at 
5 feet next house, has a bole of 27 feet. 

To the north of the house are three fine Turkey Oaks (Quercus 
Cerris). The one nearest the house has a long straight trunk 
and girths 4 feet 11 inches at 5 feet next house. One further 
east, and on opposite side of road, girths 5 feet 10 inches at 95 feet 
on N., one still further east girths 6 feet 54 inches at 5 feet. 
The predominant tree is the Beech. 


BatmaHA, Locw Lomonp, May 28th, 1910.—Mr. John R. 
Lee was conductor. A party of ten members of the Society 
took part in this excursion. ‘The weather was very fine, but the 
temperature was rather high, rendering much exertion rather 
fatiguing ; and the members contented themselves with a quiet 
ramble along the road through the famous Pass of Balmaha in 


nb heme 


x 


2 Se ieee 


EXCURSIONS. 139 


the direction of Rowardennan. The district being well known 
as a happy hunting-ground for the entomologist, a considerable 
time was spent by those on the look-out for insects in the 
marshy meadows by the roadside about a mile north of the pier, 
whilst the botanical members of the party pushed forward to the 
woods and shore about half-a-mile further on. Mr. Ross reports 
that a considerable number of species of flies were collected, 
many of which have not yet been examined; but amongst the 
Tipulidze the following were noted :— Dolichopeza sylvicola, Curt. ; 
Tipula obsoleta, Mg.; T. longicornis, Schum.; 7’. varipennis, 


Mg.; 7. plumbea, F.; T. lateralis, Mg. ; 


g.; TZ. gigantea, Schrk. ; 
T’. lutescens, F.; Dixa maculata, Mg.; Ptychoptera contaminata, 
Mg.; Limnobia nebeculosa, Mg.; Rhipidia maculata, Mg.; Hmpeda 
nubila, Schum. ; Goniomyia tenella, Mg.; Rhypholophus nodulosus, 
Mg.; EHrioptera tenionota, Mg.; Limnophila Meigenii, Ver. ; 
L. lineolella, Ver.; L. ferruginea, Mg.; Ula pilosa, Schum. ; 
Amalopis immaculata, Mg. ; A. littoralis, Mg. Nothing of special 
interest falls to be recorded in the botanical department. A 
search was made for mosses, especially in the woods along the 
roadside about a mile and a-half above Balmaha; and one or two 
specimens of Lryuwm rosewm, Schreb. (previously reported from 
this locality) were seen. The only other species worthy of note 
was Hedwigia ciliata, Ehrh., found growing on the rocks near the 
shore of the loch in some quantity. 


CarnwatH, 4th June, 1910.—This excursion was arranged 
jointly with the Edinburgh Field Naturalists’ and Microscopical 
Society, under the leadership of Mr. E. Denson, and was 
attended by a numerous party, including about fourteen 
representatives of our society. After leaving the railway station, 
the site of the ruined castle of Cowthally was inspected. In the 
peat moss adjacent to the castle several notable plants were 
observed. A fine patch of the moss, Z’etraplodon mnioides, B. & 
S., growing on sheep’s bones, was discovered by Mr. P. Ewing, 
F.L.S., while various microfungi were also noted by Mr. D. A. 
Boyd. Among the latter were Sclerotinia Curreyana (Berk.), 
Karst., which occurred as Sclerotiwm rosewm, Kneiff, in dead 
culms of rushes; and Lophodermium oaycocci (Fr.) Karst., 
which grew on dead leaves of cranberry. Numerous bushes of 
the tea-leaved willow (Sali phylicifolia, L.) were observed in 


140 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


marshy ground bordering on the White Loch. Among other 
cryptogams noted in the neighbourhood of Carnwath were 
Brachythecium albicans, B. & 8., common around the sand-pits ; 
Plasmopara nivea (Ung.), Schrot., on leaves of Anthriscus 
sylvestris ; Peronospora ficarve Ful., on Ranunculus repens ; 
P. vicie (Berk.), De Bary, on Lathyrus pratensis , Puccima bun 
(D.C.), Wint., on Conopodiwm denudatum ; and Glaeosporium 
paradoxum, De Not., on dead leaves of Hedera Helix, along with 
Trochila craterium, Fr., its ascigerous form. Towards Carnwath 
village, Cerastium arvense, L., a very rare plant in Clydesdale, 
occurred as a wayside weed. Attention was directed to an 
artificial mound seen on the left just before the village is entered, 
which is supposed by some to date from the days of Bruce, and 
to have been constructed by Sir John Somerville as a rampart 
for resisting an invasion by the English, situated a short distance 
further is Carnwath House, the property of Sir Simon Macdonald 
Lockhart, Bart., of Lee, which contains a small room wherein is 
inscription to the effect that Prince Charles Edward remained 
two entire days in that apartment while on his retreat from 
Derby to Culloden, in the year 1746. Through the kindness of 
Sir Simon, the party had an opportunity of inspecting the 
interior of the Lockhart Aisle. contiguous to the parish church. 
The aisle, which dates from the fourteenth century, is the place 
of interment of several members of the families of Somerville and 
Dalzell, as also, from the latter half of the seventeenth century, 
of their successors, the Lockharts. It has recently been restored, 
and is furnished with a beautiful window of stained glass 
After examining the Old Market Cross of Carnwath, the party 
had tea together in the Market Inn Hotel, and walked to Car- 
stairs Junction. The sketch of heather overlooked by Cowthally 
Castle was most attractive to the ornithologists from the 
presence there of many waders as the common snipe (Gallinago 
calestis), golden plover (Charadrius  pluvialis), lapwing 
(Vanellus vulgaris), dunlin (T'ringa alpina), redshank (Totanus 
calidris), and common curlew (Vumenius arquata), At the 
White Loch a drake tufted duck (/uligula cristata) was seen. 


West Coast oF Bure, 2nd June, 1910 (Victoria Day—joint 
with the Andersonian Naturalists’ Society ).—Mr. John Robertson, 
Conductor. <A party of nineteen, including one lady, took seats 
in the brake at Rothesay for the drive over to Scalpsie Bay. 


EXCURSIONS. 141 


Driving along with Loch Fad and the wooded heights beyond on 
our right, Loch Ascog on our left, the grand hills of Arran in 
front, and an almost cloudless sky above. the conditions were 
such at to satisfy the most ardent lover of nature and the open 
air. Arriving at Scalpsie Bay, we took our way leisurely by the 
shore round Ardscalpsie Point to St. Ninian’s Bay. Here we 
followed the road back to Rothesay by Greenan Loch, reaching 
the county town up to scheduled time. About fifty species of 
birds were observed, none of them, however, uncommon for Bute. 
Photographs were taken of nests and eggs of the ringed plover 
(Hgialitis hiaticola), oyster catcher (Hamatopus ostralegus), and 
common gull (Larus canus). Quite a large variety. of plants 
was observed on this excursion, among the more interesting 
were: — Ranunculus Lenormandi, Vicia sativa, Sherardia 
arvensis, Valerianella olitoria, Hypericum humifusum, H. elodes, 
Pinguicula lusitanica, Peplis portula, Samolus Valerandi. The 
fresh-water alge were specially interesting; Messrs. Garry and 
Lunam got some nitella infested with Coleochate nitellarum. 
This alga lives under the cuticle of nitella, and in the specimens 
collected abundant oogonea were present. A zygnema with 
very gelatinous walls (probably 7. anomalum) was plentiful— 
some of it in conjugation. Bwmilleria pumila and Binuclearia 
tatrana were fairly abundant. The four species are new to 
miGlyde.” 

Amongst the Mosses noted were Zortula ruraliformis (Besch.), 
Dixon ; WMniwm subglobosum, B. & 8., with withered remains ot 
capsules; Drachythecium albicans, B. & 8S. Numerous Micro- 
fungi were observed, and among the species observed were 
Plasmopara densa (Pers.), Schrét., on Rhinanthus Crista-galli ; 
Peronospora alsinearum, Casp,, on Cerastium triviale, P. effusa 
(Grey.), Rabh., on Atriplex ; Uromyces limonii (D.C.), Wint., as 
Afcidium and Uredo on Armeria ; Puccinia anthoxanthi, Fckl., 
as Uredo on Anthoxanthum; P. glomerata, Grev., on Senecio 
Jacobea ; Melampsora cerastii (Pers,), Wint., as Uredo on Ceras- 
tium triviale ; Lophodermium juniperinum (Fr,), De Not., on 
dead leaves of Juniperus ; Pseudophacidium Smithianum, Boud., 
on dead leaves of Empetrum nigrum, Orbilia marina (Phil.), 
Boyd, on dead fronds of Fucus vesiculosus ; Mycospherella asco- 
phylli, Cotton, on living receptacles of Ascophyllwm nodosum, 


142 THE GLASGOW NATURALIS®. 


Notes. 


Dotterel (Zudromias morinellus), in Bute.—On 15th May, 
1910, along with Mr. Robert 8S. Wilson, I saw a Dotterel at 
Kilchattan Bay, Bute, frequenting a bare field which was being 
prepared for turnip seed. The bird was not wild, and allowed us 
to wateh it from a comparatively short distance as long as we 
wished. It had not assumed full summer plumage, as the white 
band across the chest was so inconspicuous as to appear to be 
absent. This species has not previously been recorded from the 
Island of Bute.—John Robertson. 


Ruff (Machetes pugnax) in East Renfrew. —On 14th August, 
1910, I saw a Ruff and a Reeve at Waulkmillglen Dam, and a 
Ruff at Balgray Dam. On the 21st August, at the former place, 
there was still one bird of this species, but of which sex I was 


unable to determine.—John Robertson. 


Spotted Redshank (TZotanus fuscus) in East Renfrew, 
in summer and autumn, 1910.—On 26th June, 1910, I was 
rather surprised to hear the characteristic note of the Spotted 
Redshank at Waulkmill Glen Dam, and, getting my glass on the 
bird, I found it was in complete dusky plumage. It apparently 
did not remain long in the neighbourhood, as I saw no more of 
this species till the autumn migration had set in. At the same 
place, on 14th August. I saw one bird in fairly grey plumage, 
and again on 21st August what seemed to be the same individual. 
On 27th August I saw three birds, 4th September three, 11th 
September two, and 18th September one. These were all in 
various stages of changing plumage. One of the three on 27th 
August was busy catching small fish, in search of which it waded 
into the water. At each capture it brought its victim ashore, 
gave it two or three taps, and swallowed it.—John Robertson. 


The Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopus major) near 
Glasgow and in Ayrshire.—At the meeting of the Society on 
27th April, 1909, I exhibited branches of willows from Glen- 
orchard, billed and bored by (it was presumed) the great spotted 
woodpecker, and stated that willows similarly treated had been 
familiar to me for some time in Cadder Wilderness (Glas, 


see 


NOTES. 143 


Naturalist, i., p. 99). On 17th April this year, with Mr. A. 
Ross, | was examining the willows in Cadder again. There was 
striking evidence of quite recent visits on this occasion, and a 
little later in the day we had the satisfaction of seeing this wood- 
pecker in the Wilderness. On communicating the fact to 
Mr. James Bartholomew he wrote, inter alia, that—‘ The 
“woodpecker has visited some willows in a wood on Glen- 
“orchard twice this year, during the week ending 22nd 
“January, and during the week ending 19th March. It 
‘seemed to have found more ljarve in March, as the billings 
“were much more numerous than in January. . . . I may 
“say that it is only on these willows that I have seen any 
“evidence of a woodpecker’s billings.” In Cadder Wilderness 
willows are chiefly attacked, evidently for Sesia larve. Next to 
the willows, pines have received attention, and in a conspicuously 
less degree, beeches. I am indebted to Mr. Gib. Graham, 
Girvan, for informing me that one was identified on 25th 
January, 1910, at Meadowmain Wood, Dailly, in the Girvan 
Valley.—John Paterson. 


Sparrow Hawk (deccipiter nisus) in Glasgow.— About four 
oclock in the afternoon, one day last winter, while speaking to a 
lorryman in Milton Street, Port-Dundas, | was surprised to see 
a sparrow-hawk seize and carry off a sparrow from the street, at 
a distance of only three or four yards from where I was standing. 
—Stanley H. Miller. 


\ 

The Stock-Dove (Columba wnas) in the Clyde Area.— With 
reference to the above subject the following may prove of interest. 
Recently, in course of conversation with a forester who has been 
for over thirty years on the Aikenhead Estate, Cathcart, we were 
informed that it was only three years ago that he had first 
observed the stock-dove there. This would be in 1907, the year 
in which it was first seen at Netherlee, a little further up the 
river Cart (Glasgow Naturalist, vol. i., page 108). Mr. W. R. 
Baxter, in his notes on “The Birds of Garelochhead ” (op. cit., 
vol. ii., page 78), states that he had searched unsuccessfully for 
this species in that district ; but, on 28th May, 1910, he and one 
of the writers observed a pair of stock-doves on the Gareloch- 


144 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


head Burn, where, it transpired later, a nest of this bird had 
been taken earlier in the season. Regarding the editorial 
remarks appended to Mr. Walter Stewart’s note (G.W., vol. i1., 
page 30), the known history of this dove, in our opinion. does not 
warrant such a definite statement as to its having been over- 
looked ; and, until the editors see their way to put before the 
readers of the Glasgow Naturalist the evidence upon which their 
statement is based, their advice about extension of range. &e., 
will be accepted with reserve.—Rovert W. S. Wilson, Hugh W. 
Wilson. 


Fossombronia Dumortieri (//iib. et Genth.) in Dumbar- 
tonshire.—On 29th June last I found this hepatic growing in 
considerable abundance on the margin of Lochan Ghlas Laoigh, 
between Coulport and Garelochhead, Dumbartonshire. Living 
plants given to Mr. Macvicar for determination produced “fruit,” 
thus enabling him to identify them with certainty. Unfortunately 
the record, which is an interesting addition to the flora of Clyde 
and the West Highlands, was not in time for inclusion in his 
“ Distribution of Hepaticee in Scotland” just published by the 
Botanical Society of Edinburgh.—William Evans, Edinburgh, 
7th September, 1910. 


Habrodon Notarisii, Schp.—On 3rd September last, at an 
excursion of the North Ayrshire Field Club to the policies at 
Kelburne Castle, Largs, I found this moss growing sparingly on 
a trunk of Great Maple (Acer Pseudo-platanus), in association 
with Weckera, Hypnum, &c. It has already been recorded for 
Ayrshire, specimens having been obtained by me in the parish of 
West Kilbride many years ago and submitted to Dr. R. 
3raithwaite, F.L.S., for verification. The following is_ its 
ascertained distribution throughout the Clyde Area :— 


Ayr.— West Kilbride ; Largs (D. A. B., 1910). 

Dounsartox.—Rossdhu (Wilkie, 1896) ; Rosneath 
(D. A. B;, 1908): 

CiybE Isies.—Island of Bute (D. A. B., 1906). 


In the various localities where I have observed it, the habitat 
was the same as is above mentioned,—D. A. Boyd. 


145 


END EX, 


Acanthocinus edilis, 69 
Accentor modularis, 21, 59, 72 
Accipiter nisus, 22, 59, 76, 143 
Accounts, ABSTRACT STATEMENT, 32 
Acer Pseudo-platanus, 28, 95, 95, 95, 
112-126, 136, 144 

Acilius fasciatus, 80 

suleatus, var. scoticus, 80 
Acorus Calamus, 27 
Acredula caudata, 59, 71 
Acrocephalus phragmitis, 1, 21, 27, 59, 

128 

Actinothyrium graminis, 95 
Adelanthus dieipiens, 41 
Aigialitis hiaticula, 23, 60, 141 
Agabus affinis, 79 

arcticus, 80 

bipustulatus, 80 

chalconotus, 80, 131 

congener, 79 

femoralis, 80 

cuttatus, 79 

nebulosus, 79 

paludosus, 79 

sturmil 
Agathidium nigripenne, 131 
Agrostis vulgaris, 94 
Alauda arvensis, 22, 59, 74 
Alea torda, 60, 77 
Alcedo ispida, 59 
Alchemilla vulgaris, 94 
Aleochara bipunctata, 85 


Alge of ‘‘Clyde,” additions to fresh- 


water, 13-14, 26 
Althea rosea, 94 
Altica anglica, 104 
nigripes, 104 
Amalopis immaculata, 139 
littoralis, 139 
Amanita muscarius, 25 
‘rubescens, 25 
vaginatus, 25 
Ampelis garrulus, 59 
Amphigerontia bifasciata, 34 
fasciata, 34 
variegata, 34 
Amputeop, New British Marine, 16 
Anaczna limbata, 87, 88 
oralis, 88 
Anas boscas, 23, 60, 76 
strepera, 60 
Anchomenus atratus, 86 
Ancistronycha abdominalis, 91 


Ancyrophorus omalinus, 90 
ANDERSON, THOMAS, 6, 10, 12, 27 
Anemone nemorosa, 92 
Aneura latifrons, 38 
multifida, 38 
pinguis, 38 
Anser segetum, 60 
Anthelia julacea, 41 
Anthoxanthum, 141 
Anthriscus sylvestris, 140 
Anthus obscurus, 21, 73 
pratensis, 21, 59, 73 
trivialis, 21, 59, 72, 128 
Aplozia crenulata, 39 
var. gracillima, 39 
pumila, 39 
riparia, 39 
Aquila chrysaétus, 22, 59 
Ardea cinerea, 23, 60, 76 
Arenaria peploides, 92 
Armeria maritima, 94, 141 
Armillaria melleus, 25 
ARRAN, HEPATIC OF, 36, 96 
Ascochyta philadelphi, 95 
Ascophyllum nodosum, 141 
Asemum striatum, 25 
Asio acecipitrinus, 22, 59 
otus, 22, 59 
Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, 82 
Ruta-muraria, 27 
Astacus gammarus, 16 
Asterina veronice, 94 
Asteroma ulmi, 95 
Astragalus danicus, 80 
Atriplex, 141 
Atropos pulsatoria, 36 
Auks, LirtLe, 57 
Azalea procumbens, 81 


BALLANTYNE, J., 96, 130 
Bartholomew, James, 127-128, 143 
Bathysiphon filiformis, 129, 135 
BaxtEer, W. R., 25, 27, 69, 128, 131, 
132, 143 
Bazzania tricrenata, 41 
trilobata, 41 
BEE-EATER, 51 
Bellis perennis, 94, 94 


. Bembidium obtusum, 86 


quadriguttatum, 87 
saxatile, 87 
Bernicla leucopsis, 60 


146 


Berry, Andrew, 30 
Betula verrucosa, 136 
Binuclearia tatrana, 141 
Brrp MIGRATION, ABERDEEN INQUIRY, 64 | 
BIRDS OF GARELOCHHE AD, 69-78, 131 
Guascow DIsTRICcT, 43-61 
Birds, Summer, return of, 127, 133 
of Shiskin, Arran, 20, 27 
BisHop, T. G., 84 
BITTERN, 52 
Blackbird, 45 
BuLAckKcaP, 46 
Blasia pusilla, 38 
Blatta cincta, 107 
Blepharostoma tricophyllum, 41 
Boletus luridus, 25 
Bolitobius exoletus, 89 
Bombyx armida, 110 
astraca, 110 
aurotus, 110 
cassandra, 110 
deflorata, 110 
festiva, 110 
io, 110 
mainlaria, 110 
ocularia, 110 
proserpina, 110 
stigma, 110 
vittata, 110 
Botaurus stellaris, 60 
BoTHRIOCEPHALIDA, 6 
Botrychium Lunaria, 27 
Boyp, D. A., 26, 92, 131, 133, 144 
Brachythecium albicans, 140, 141 
BRAMBLING, 48 
Brown, Dr. RosBert, 132 
Bruce, Davin, 134 
Brychius elevatus, 79, 131 
Bryum roseum, 139 
Buddleia variabilis, var. 
Bulbochete mirabilis, 13 
Bunurincnu, 48 
Bumilleria pumila, 141 
Buntine, Corn, 49 
REED, 49, 78 
Snow, 49 
YELLOW, 49 
Bupleurum rotundifolium, 80 
Buprestis aurata, 106 
blanda, 106 
canaliculata, 106 
corrusca, 106 
cyanipes, 106 
dorsata, 106 
fasciata, 106 
meditabunda, 106 
ruficollis, 106 
3-punctata, 106 


. 


Veitchi, 29 


THE GLASGOW 


NATURALIST. 


Buteo lagopus, 59 
vulgaris, 59, 76 

Buzzarp, 51 
Honey, 51 


ROUGH-LEGGED, 51 


Cecilius Burmeisteri, 35 
flavidus, 35 
fuscopterus, 35 
perlatus, 35 

CAIRNS, JOHN, Jr., 25, 28 

Calamintha Acinos, 96 
arvensis, 96 

Callidium aeneum, 105 
angulatum, 105 
cantharinus, 105 
picipes, 105 

Caltha palustris, 94 

Caly pogeia argata, 41 
fissa, 41 
trichomanis, 4] 

CAMPBELL, W., 37 

Cantharellus cibarius, 25 

Cantharis viridescens, 106 

CAPERCAILLIE, 54 

Caprimulgus europeeus, 22, 59, 74 

Carabus arvenses, 83 
elevatus, 106 
glabratus, 83 
pallipes, 106 
rufescens, 106 
ruficollis, 106 
truncatellus, 106 
turcicus, 106 
unicolor, 106 

Carduelis elegans, 59 

spinus, 59 

Carex aquatilis, var. virescens, 82 
distans, x extensa, 82 
Goodenowii, var. juncella, 82 
incurva, var. erecta, 81 
pendula, 96 

Carpinus Betulus, 138 

Cassida discoides, 103 
11—punctata, 104 

4—pustulata, 104 
16— do, 104 

Castanea sativa, 138 

Cedrus atlantica, 137 
deodara, 137, 138 
libani, 138 

Cephalozia bicuspidata, 40 
connivens, 40 
curvifolia, 40 
Francisci, 40 
leucantha, 40 
lunulefolia, 40 


Cephaloziella byssacea, 41 
Cerambyx dimidiatus, 105 
ebulinus, 105 
Hebraicus, 105 
morio, 105 
rufipes, 105 
scorpio, 105 
striatus, 105 
suturalis, 105 
tuberculatus, 105 
Cerastium arvense, 140 
triviale, 141 
Cercopis marginata, 110 
schach, 110 
Cercyon hemorrhous, 88 
Certhia familiaris, 59, 72 
Cetonia cruenta, 103 
erdenta, 103 
hemorrhoidalis, 103 
4—punctata, 103 
rufipes, 103 
smaragdula, 103 
tristis, 103 
Chetarthria seminulum, 88 
CHAFFINCH, 48 
Charadrius pluvialis, 23, 60, 140 
Chelidon urbica, 22, 59, 73, 128 
Chiftfchaff, 46 
Chilopora longitarsis, 89 
Chiloscyphus pallescens, 40 
polyanthus, 40 
Chlenius nigricornis, 13] 
Choaspis stictica, 14 
Choleva wilkini, 90 
CuHovucH, 49 
Chrysomela anglica, 104 
clavata, 104 
equestris, 104 
flavicornis, 104 
histris, 104 
ignita, 104 
10—maculata, 104 
morio, 104 
nigripes, 104 
Cicindela biramosa, 106 
' 8—guttata, 106 
Cimex 6—punctatus, 111 
trilineatus, 11] 
Cinclus aquaticus, 21, 59, 72 
Circus cyaneus, 22, 59 
Cistela pallida, 104 
Clangula glaucion, 60 
CLARK, JAMES, 96, 135 
Clavaria cinerea, 25 
cristata, 25 
Clerus bifasciatus, 106 
Clinocara undulata, 92 
Clitocybe laccatus, 25 
‘*CLtypE” TENTHREDINIDA, 96 


INDEX. 


Cnicus palustris, 92 
Coccinella abbreviata, 103 
biguttata, 103 
ursina, 103 
Coleochcete nitellarum, 141 
COLEOPTERA, AQUATIC, FROM 
LANDS, 78 
List oF ‘‘ChypE,” 83-92 
Colias edusa, 69 
Collybia laceratus, 25 
Cololejeunea microscopica, 42 
Columba livia, 23 
cenas, 23, 30-31, 60, 143 
palumbus, 23, 60, 76 
Colurolejeunea calyptrifolia, 42 
Colymbetes fuscus, 80 
Colymbus arcticus, 60 
septentrionalis, 60 
Coninomus nodifer, 91 
Coniothyrium Boydeanum, 95 
Conocephalum conicum, 38 
Conopodium denudatum, 94, 140 
Coot, 54 


147 


Monk- 


CoPpEOGNATHA OF ‘‘ CLyDE,” 34, 64 


Coprinus comatus, 25 
Corallorhiza innata, 25 
CoRMORANT, 52 
Corvus corax, 22, 59, 74 

cornix, 22, 59, 74 

corone, 22, 59, 74 

frugilegus, 22, 59, 74, 130 

monedula, 22, 59 
Cotile riparia, 22, 59, 73, 128 
Coturnix communis, 60 
CRAKE, Corn, 54 

Sporren, 54 
CREEPER, TREE, 47 
Crex pratensis, 23, 60, 77, 128 
Crioceris picta, 104 

venustus, 104 
Cristatella mucedo, 15, 25 
CRossBILL, 48 
Crow, Carrion, 50 

Hooded, 50 
Cryptocephalus cinctus, 104 

lar, 104 

notatus, 104 
Cryptomorpha desjardinsi, 1354 
Cryptophagus pilosus, 91 
Cuckoo, 51 
Cuculus canorus, 22, 59, 74, 128 
Cupressus macrocarpa, 29 
Curculio zneus, 104 

bicolor, 104 

biguttatus, 105 

cinereus, 105 

cyanipes, 105 

gibber, 105 

jamaicensis, 105 


148 


Curculio lacteus, 105 
marginatus, 105 
niveus, 105 
S(p)inipes, 105 
6—guttatus, 105 
3—fasciatus, 105 
6—vittatus, 105 

CURLEW, 56 

Cygnus bewicki, 60 
olor, 66 

Cypselus apus, 22, 59, 74 

Cystopus spinulosus, 92 


Dafila acuta, 60 
DauecuisH, A. A., 85 


Davipson, W. Cameron, 15, 25, 61, 130 


Deliphrum crenatum, 90 
Dendrocopus major, 59, 142 
Dermestes felinus, 103 
Deronectes assimilis, 79 
depressus, 79 
duodecimpustulatus, 79 
Desmidium Swartzii, 14 
Diplocladium penicillioides, 95 
Diplophyllum albicans, 42 
DrprEr, 46 
Diver, BLACK-THROATED, 57 
RED-THROATED, 57 
Dixa maculata, 139 
Dolichopeza sylvicola, 139 
DorrtEREL, 54 
Dove, Rivne, 53 
Stock, 31, 53, 78 
Drepania fulcataria, 69 
DULE-TREE, AT AUCHENDRANE, 114 
AT BLAIRQUHAN, 114 
AT CassILis, 113 
DUNLIN, 55 
Duntop, Rogert, 25, 131 
Dytiscus fasciatus, 106 
marginalis, 80 
punctulatus, 80 
vittatus, 106 


EAGLE, GOLDEN, 51 
WHITE-TAILED, 51 

Elater fascicularis, 106 
virens, 106 

Elipsocus abietis, 35 
hyalinus, 35 
Westwoodi, 35 

ELLIS, CORALS DESCRIBED BY, 111, 133 

Extmurrst, RIcHARD, 16, 96 

Emberiza citrinella, 22, 59, 73 
miliaria, 22, 59 
scheeniclus, 59 

Empeda nubila, 139 


THE GLASGOW 


NATURALIST. 


Empetrum nigrum, 14] 
Ephelina radicalis, 94 
Epurea angustula, 91 
parvula, 91 
Erioptera teenionota, 139 
Erithacus rubecula, 21, 59, 71 
EKrotylus histrio, 104 
nebulosus, 104 
punctatissimus, 104 
reticulatus, 104 
Eudromias morinellus, 60, 142 
Evans, WILLIAM, 144 
Ewine, P., 37, 64, 96, 135 
EXxcuRSsIONS— 
BaLMAHRA, 138 
Bouts, 140 
CaRNnwatu, 139 
CASSILLIS AND AUCHENDRANE, 136 
KELBURNE, 25, 28 
LEE, 25 
Mains, 138 
PERCETON, 25, 27 
RoOWALLAN, 25 
Exidia glandulosa, 27 


Fapricivs, J. C., 101-111, 133 
Fagus sylvatica, 95, 138 
Falco zsalon, 22, 60 
candicans, 60, 130 
peregrinus, 22, 60 
tinnunculus, 23, 60, 76, 137 
FaLcon, GREENLAND, 51 
PEREGRINE, 51 
FERGUSSON, ANDERSON, 83, 131, 132, 133, 
134 
FIELDFARE, 45 
Firs, SILVER, AT KELBURNE, 29 
Flammula alnicola, 25 
sapineus, 25 
Fleming, Dr., 16 
FLOWERING PLANTS EXHIBITED, 80 
FYYCATCHER, SPOTTED, 48, 128 
Fossombronia Dumortieri, 144 
FRASER, JAS. P., 65, 66 
Fratercula arctica, 60 
Fraxinus excelsior, 28 
Fringilla celebs, 22, 59, 73 
montifringilla, 59 
Frullania dilatata, 43 
fragilifolia, 43 
germana, 43 
Tamarisci, 43 
Fuchsia, 95 
Fucus vesiculosus, 14] 
Fulica atra, 60 
Fulgula cristata, 23, 60, 140 
marila, 60 


| Fusicladium dendriticum, 95 


INDEX. 


GADWALL, 53 
Galium Aparine, 92 
Saxatile, 94 
Gallinago ceelestis, 24, 77, 140 
gallinula, 60 
major, 60 
Gallinula chloropus, 23, 60 
GANNET, 52 
GARELOCHHEAD, BIRDS OF, 69, 78 
Garrulus glandarius, 59, 74 
Garry, RoBERT, 13, 26, 27 
GEESE, GREY, 52 
BARNACLE, 52 
GEMMILL, J. I’., 6, 64 
Geoglossum difforme, 94 
Geopyxis coccinea, 131 
Gincurist, A., 135 
GILLIES, JOHN, 132 
Guascow District, Brrps or, 43-61 
GuAsow UNiIvERsSItTy ZooLocicau Cot- 
LECTION, 97-111 
GuioaG, JouHN, 132 
Gleeosporium fagi, 95 
paradoxum, 140 
salicis, 95 
Gopwit, BARTAILED, 56 
BLACK-TAILED, 56 
Gopwit, BARTAILED, IN EH. RENFREW, 30 
GoLDcREST, 46 
GOLDENEYE, 53 
GOLDFINCH, 48 
Goniomyia tenella, 139 
GOOSANDER, 53 
Goose Bean, 52 
GRAHAM, ROBERT FRANCIS, 132 
Grammoptera tabacicolor, 91 
Graphopsoeus eruciatus, 35 
Gray, THOMAS, 65-68, 133 
JOHN, 65, 66, 68, 69, 84, 135 
GREBE, HEARED, 57 
GREAT-CRESTED, 57 
Eirrnn, 57 
RED-NECKED, 57 
SLAVONIAN, 58 
GREENFINCH, 48 
GREENSHANK, 56 
Grousek, Buack, 54 
PALLAS’s SAND, 54 
Rep, 54 
GUILLEMoTS, 57 
GuLL, BLACKHEADED, 57 
Common, 57 
HERRING, 57 
Kirrrwake, 57 
Lesser BLACK-BACK, 57 
GREAT BLACK-BACK, 57 
Gymnomitrium concinnatum, 38 
crenulatum, 38 


149 


Gyrinus elongatus, 87 
Gyrophena levipennis, 89 
minima, 89 
nana, 89 


Habrodon Notarisii, 144 
Hematopus ostralegus, 24, 60, 77, 141 
Halhaétus albicilla, 59 
Haliplus continis, 79 

flavicollis, 79 

fluviatilis, 87 

fulvus, 79 

lineatocollis, 79 

ruficollis, 79 
Haploderus cwlatus, 90 
Harpalejeunea ovata, 43 
Harpa virginalis, 67 
Harpanthus seutatus, 40 
Hedera Helix, 95, 140 
Hedwigia ciliata, 139 
Heliopora caerulea, 111 
Helophorus afiinis, 88 

brevicollis, 88 

brevipalpis, 88 

viridicollis, var. strigifrons, 88 
Hemerobius maculatus, 107 
HENDERSON, J. R., Professor, 16 

Tuomas B., Dr., 131 
Hen-HArriesr, 51 
HEPATICE OF ARRAN, 36, 96 
Herberta adunca, 36, 41 
Herons, 52 
Hill, A., 135 
Himantopus candidus, 60 
Hirundo rustica, 22, 59, 73, 128 
Hispa serrata, 103 
Hoheuria angustifolia, 29 

populnea, var. lanceolata, 25, 29 
Homalota aquatica, 89 

eneicollis, 89 

clavipes, 89 

cuspidata, 89 

elongatula, 89 

fungicola, 89 

graminicola, 89 

hygrotopora, 89 

vicina, $9 

yolans, 89 

xanthoptera, 89 
Hormiscium splendens, 95 
Hydrena britteni, 88 
Hydrochelidon nigra, 60 
Hydrocotyle vulgaris, 95 
Hydroporus davisii, 79 

discretus, 87 

erythrocephalus, 79 

ferrugineus, 79, 131 

gyllenhali, 79 


150 THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Hydroporus langulus, 87 
melanarius, 87 
memnonius, 79 
moris, 87 
obsoletus, 13] 
palustris, 79 
planus, 79 
pubescens, 79 
rivalis, 79 
septentrionalis, 79 

Hygrobiella laxifola, 40 

Hygrophorus calyptreetormis, 25 

Hypericum elodes, 141 
humifusum, 141 

Hypholoma capnoides, 25 
epixanthus, 25 
fascicularis, 25 
sublateritius, 25 


Ickneumon pedator, 107 
Illosporium roseum, 96 
Ilybius cenescens, 80 
ater, 80 
fuliginosus, 80 
Isma, Plate, 1, 18 
Iszea elmhirsti, 17, 27 
montagui, 16 
Isaria farinosa, 96 
Ischnoglossa corticina, 85 
Tynx torquila, 59 


JACK, JAMES, 27 32, 
JACKDAW, 49 
JAY, 49 
JOHNSTONE, R. B., 63 
Jubula Hutchinsie, 43 
Juncus balticus, 81 
glaucus, 64, 96 
inflexus, 64, 96 
supinus, \ar., pygmeeus, 81] 
Juniperus communis, 135, 141 


Kantia Trichomanis, 41 
Sprengelii, 41 

Kerr, J. Grauam, 97, 131, 133 

KESTREL, 52 

King, Jas. J. F. X., 34, 64 

KINGFISHER, 50 

Kirk Chas., 130 

KirkHopr, W. 8., 25 

Kite, 51 


Laccobius alutaceus, 88 
Lactarius blennius, 25 
glyciosmus, 25 

rufus, 25 
theiogalus, 25 
volemus, 25 


Lagopus scoticus, 23, 60, 76 
Lagria marginata, 104 
Lamia molator, 105 
nobilis, 105 
Lampyris cincta, 105 
Lanius excubitor, 59 
LaPwine, 54 
Larch at Kelburne, 29 
Larus argentatus, 24, 60, 77, 130 
canus, 24, 60, 77, 141 
fuscus, 24, 60, 77, 127 
marinus, 24, 60 
ridibundus, 24, 60, 77 
Lasiobolus equinus, 94 
Lastrea aristata, var. collina, 82 
Lathrobium longulum, 90 
Lathyrus Aphaca, 96 
pratensis, 140 
Ler, J. R., 134, 135, 138 
Leiopus nebulosus, 91 
Lejeunea cavifolia, 43 
patens, 43 
Lentinus cochleatus, 25 
Lepidozia Pearsoni, 41 
pinnata, 41 
reptans, 41 
setacea, 41 
trichoclados, 41 
Leptospheria acuta, 94 
Leptura emarginata, 105 
Libellula versicolor, 107 
Ligula simplicissima, 6-12 
LiguLin&, LIFE-HIsToRY, 6-12 
Ligurinus chloris, 22, 59, 73 
Limnobia nebeculosa, 139 
Limnophila ferruginea, 139 
lineolella, 139 _ 
Meigenii, 139 
Limosa belgica, 60 
lapponica, 30, 60 
LINNET, 48, 135 
Linota cannabina, 59, 73 
flavirostris, 22, 59 
linaria, 59 
rufescens, 59, 73 
Liriodendron Tulipifera, 27 
Lithodes maia, 17 
Locusta camellifolia, 107 
perspicillata, 107 
specularis, 107 
Locustella nzevia, 21, 59, 71 
Longitarsus atricillus, 91 
Lophocolea bidentata, 40 
cuspidata, 40 
heterophylla, 37 
spicata, 40 
Lophodermium cladophilum, 94 
juniperinum, 141 
oxycocci, 139 


INDEX. 


Lophopus crystallinus, 16 
Lophozia atlantica, 39 

Flerki, 37 

gracilis, 37 

incisa, 39 

inflata, 39 

muelleri, 39 

quinquedentata, 39 

ventricosa, 39 

var, porphyroleuca, 39 
Loxia curvirostra, 59 
Lonam, GrorGE, 13 
Lunularia cruciata, 38 
Lutra vulgaris, 135 
Lytta atrata, 107 

vittata, 107 


MAcINTYRE, ARCHD., 63 
MackeitH, T. THorntoN, 20, 27, 78, 
127-8 

Madotheca levigata, 42 

Thuja, 42 
Madrepora abdita, 111 

ampliata, 111 

angulosa, 111 

annularis, 111 

anthophyllites, 111 

areolata, 111 

aspera, 111] 

carduus, 111 

cinerascens, 111 

daedalea, 111 

faveolata, 11] 

foliosa, 111 

muricata, 111 

pileus, 111 

phrygia, 111 

ramea, 111 

rotulosa, 111 

tibicina, 111 

undata, 111 
Machetes pugnax, 60, 142 
Macvicar, SymEers M., 36, 96 
- 1S, 1355 S37) 
Magarin, 49 
Matn, Joun, 132 
MALLARD, 53 
Mattocu, J. R., 96 
Mamaia squinado, 16 
Mantis bidens, 107 

bispinosa, 107 

filiformis, 107 

hyalina, 107 
Marchantia polymorpha, 57 
Marchesinia Mackaiu, 43 
Mareca penelope, 60, 63 
Marsupella aquatica, 38 

emarginata, 38 

Funckii, 38 


Marsupelle, 36 
Marssonia populi, 95 
potentille, 95 
MARTIN, HOUSE, 48 
Sand, 48 
MASTIGOPHORA, 36 
Martricaria discordea, 81 
suaveolens, 81 
M‘ANDREW, JAMES, 37 
M‘Caut, A. Douenas, 27 
M‘CuiiocH, FRANK, 135 
Henry, 130 
M‘Curcuron, WitiiAM, 135 
M‘Lxrop, WILLIAM, 25, 79, 131 
M‘Kay, Ricuarp, 112, 120 
M‘Natrr, PerEr, 63 
Meeting of Society, Annual, 26 
Melampsora cerastii, 141 
Melanconium hedere, 95 
Melasmia salicina, 95 
Melolontha innuba, 103 
proboscidea, 103 
vitis, 103 
Membracis bonasia, 110 
hastata, 110 
Mercurialis perennis, 94, 95 
MERGANSER, RED-BREASTED, 53 
Mergulus alle, 60 
Mergus serrator, 23, 60, 76 
MERLIN, 52 
Merops apiaster, 59, 129 
Merrorotoeicat Notes, 133 
Metzgeria conjugata, 35 
furcata, 38 
hamata, 38 
Microlejeunea ulicina, 43 
Microspora floccosa, 14 
Microthamnion Kutzingianum, 14 
Miller, Stanley H., 143 
Miu.er, W. J., 96 
Milvus ictinus, 59 
Miscodera arctica, 83 
Mitchell, James, 26, 131 
Mitra albalineata, 67 
Mnium riparium, 134 
serratum, 135 
subglobosum, 141 
Molinia cerula, 95 
MonkLANDS, CoLEOPTERA FROM, 78 
MooruHeEn, 54 
Mordella 6—maculata, 107 
Morton, K. J., 34 
Motacilla alba, 59 
flava, 59, 127 
lugubris, 21, 59, 72 
melanope, 21, 59, 72 
rali, 59; 127 
Muscicapa grisola, 21, 59, 73 
MycorocicaL Noves, 92 


152 THE GLASGOW 


Mycospherella ascophylli, 141 
Mylia anomala, 40 

Taylori, 40 
Myrmeleon punctata, 107 
Morpeny, Joun E., 26 
Mylabris 4-punctatus, 107 


Nardia compressa, 38 
hyalina, 38 
obovata, 38 
scalaris, 38 

Nettion crecca, 60 

NIGHTJAR, 50 

Noctua delia, 110 
marginata, 110 

Norss, 30-31 

Notoxus monoceros, 92 

Numenius arquata, 24, 60, 77, 140 
pheopus, 60 

Nyctea scandiaca, 59 


Ocalea badia, 88 
Oceanodroma leucorrhoa, 61 
Odontoschisma sphagni, 41 
Omalium brevicorne, 90 
crenatum, 90 
heeri, 90 
monilicorne, 90 
punctipenne, 90 
septentrionis, 85 
vile, 90 
Orbilia marina, 141 
Orthagoriscus mola, 30 
OuzEL-RinG, 45 
Ow, Barn, 51 
Hawk, 51 
LONG-EARED, 51 
SHORT-EARED, 51 
Snowy, 51 
Tawny, 51 
OYSTER-CATCHER, 55 


Palma marina, 101 
Panzolus campanulatus, 25 
Panus torulosus, 26, 27 
Papilio amaryllis, 107 
ammon, 108 
astyanax, 107 
baldus, 108 
brontes, 108 
chalchas, 108 
cochrus, 108 
corydon, 108 
doreas, 108 
cochrez, 108 


NATURALIST. 


Papillo egza, 108 
eribotes, 108 
erippus, 108 
erithonius, 108 
eurytus, 108 
gnoma, 108 
gripus, 108 
jalus. 108 
janassia, 108 
lidea, 108 
maenas, 108 
maerula, 108 
mantus, 108 
menatus, 10S 
morna, 108 
morvus, 108 
nothus, 109 
orion, 109 
palameges, 109 
pegala, 109 
peranthus, 109 
policenes, 109 
pompilius, 109 
proterpia, 109 
salus, 109 
sebaldus, 109 
serina, 109 
sussana, 109 
thais, 109 
thersites, 109 
thymetus, 109 
timon, 109 
troglodyta, 109 
ursula, 109 
zangis, 109 

Parmelia saxatilis, 96 

PARTRIDGE, 54 

Parus ater, 21, 59, 72 
ceeruleus, 59, 72 
major, 59, 72 
palustris, 59 

Passer domesticus, 22, 59, 73 
italiz, 129 
montanus, 22 

Pastor roseus, 59 

PATERSON, JOHN, 25, 26, 30, 43, 63, 96, 

127-8, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 143 

PATIENCE, ALEXANDER, 16, 27, 27 

Paxillus involutus, 25 

PEarson, D., 27 

Pellia endiviefolia, 38 
epiphylla, 38 
Neesiana, 38 

Pentacrinus asterias, 101 

Peplis portula, 141 

Perdix cinerea, 23, 60 

Peripsocus phzopterus, 35 

Pernis apivorus, 59 


es" * 


—_ 2 


———- ——_- 


INDEX. 153 


Peronospora alsinearum, 141 
alta, 92 
arenariz, 92 
calotheca, 92 
chryosplenii, 93 
effusa, 141 
ficariz, 140 
obovata, 93 
trifoliorum, 93 
urtice, 93 
viciz, 93, 140 
Pettigrew, Wm. M., 27, 130 
PETREL, FORK-TAILED, 58 
Srorm, 58 
Phedon tumidulus, 2 
Phalacrocorax carbo, 23, 60 
graculus, 23, 60 
PHALAROPE, GREY, 55. 
Phalaropus fulicarius, 60, 76 
Phasianus colchicus, 23, 60, 76, 130 
PHEASANT, 54 
Philadelphus coronarius, 95 
Philotarsus flaviceps, 35 
Phleospora aceris, 95 
Phormium tenax, 29 
Phragmitis communis, 5 
Phyllodromia germanica, 26 
Phylloscopus rufus, 21, 59, 127, 128 
sibilatrix, 59, 71 
trochilus, Zea 9e 7 
Pholiota curvipes, 25 
Phyllostieta forsythiz, 94 
mercurialis, 95 
syringe, 95 
Pica rustica, 59 
Picea pectinata, 137 
Pimelia gibba, 107 
Pinguicula lusitanica, 141 
PInTAIL, 53 
Pinus insignis, 28 
radiata, 28 
Pipir, Meapow, 47 
TREE, 47 
Plagiochila asplenioides, 39 
var. major, 40 
punctata, 39 
spinulosa, 39 
Plantago lanceolata, 93 
major, 83 
Plasmopara densa, 92, 141 
pygmea, 92 
nivea, 140 
Platambus maculatus, 80 
var. immaculatus, 87 
Plectrophenax nivalis, 59 
Pleuroclada albescens, var. islandica, 37, 
41 
Pleurozia purpurea, 42 


PLOVER, GOLDEN, 54 
GREY, 54 
RiInGED, 54 

PocHARD, 53 

Podicipes cristatus, 61 
fluviatilis, 61 
griseigena, 61 
nigricollis, 61 

Polygonum aviculare, 94 

Polyporus, 95 
annosus, 25 
betulinus, 25 
lucidus, 63, 64 

Polythrincium trifolii, 96 

Polyzoon, fresh-water 

mucedo), 15 

Populus, 95 

Porzana maruetta, 60 

Possi MarsH, SEDGE-WARBLER AT, 1-6, 

27 

Potentilla Anserina, 93 

Pratincola rubetra, 21, 58, 70 
rubicola, 70 

Preissia quadrata, 38 

Priobium castaneum, 91 

Prionus canaliculatus, 105 
nitidus, 105 

PROCEEDINGS OF SocIETY, 25-7, 63-4, 96 

Procellaria pelagica, 61 

Protomyces bellidis, 94 
pachydermus, 94 

Pseudopeziza repanda, 94 

Pseudophacidium Smithianum, 141 

Psocip of ‘‘ Ciypz,” 34, 66 

Psocus longicornis, 35 
nebulosus, 35 
sexpunctatus, 35 

Pterodelo pedicularia, 35 

Pterostichus lepidus, 85 

Ptilidium ciliare, 41 z 

Ptychoptera contaminata, 139 

Puccinia anthoxanthi, 141 
bunii, 94, 140 
calthe, 94 
glomerata, 141 
malvacearum, 94 
obscura, 94 

PUFFIN, 57 

Puffinus anglorum, 60 

Pyrochroa flabellata, 106 

Pyrrhocorax graculus, 59 

Pyrrhula europea, 22, 59, 73 

Pyrus malus, 95 
Sorbus, 134, 137 
torminalis, 134 


(Cristatella 


QUAIL, 54 
Quedius boops, 90 


154 


Quercus Cerris, 138 
Robur, 138 
Querquedula crecca, 23, 76 


Radula aquilegia, 42 
complanata, 42 
Lindbergii, 42 
RaIL, WATER, 54 
Rallus aquaticus, 60 
Ramularia, urtice, 95 
viole, 95 
Ranunculus Ficaria, 94 
Lenormandi, 141 
lingua, 2 
peltatus, var. truncatus, 80 
repens, 140 
RAVEN, 50 
RAZORBILLS, 57 
READ, RoBEeRT H., 129 
Reboulia hemispherica, 37 
Redbreast, 46 
REDPOLE, LEssER, 48, 135 
MEALyY, 48 
REDSHANK, Common, 56 
SpoTTEeD, 56 
REDSTART, 45, 128 
Buack, 46 
Reduvius hamatus, 111 
REDWING, 45 
Regulus cristatus, 59, 70 
RENFREW, Hast, RuFF IN, 142 
SpotTED REDSHANK IN, 142 
RENNIE, WILLIAM, 1, 27, 127-8 
RENWICK, JOHN, 26, 112, 134, 135, 138 
ReEocH, J. W., 133 
Rhantus bistriatus, 80 
exoletus, 80 
notatus, 87 
Rhinanthus Crista-galli, 92, 94, 141 
Rhipidia maculata, 139 
Rhizophazus depressus, 91 
Rhypholophus nodulosus, 139 
Rissa tridactyla, 24, 60 
Ropertson, Mrs. Davin, 129, 135 
JAMEs G, 63, 135 
JOHN, 30, 96, 128, 130, 135, 140, 142 
Robinia Pseudacacia, 28 
Rook, 50 
Ross, ALEX., 25, 26, 96, 127-8 
Rourr, 55 
Rumex obtusifolius, 2 
RUSSELL, GEORGE, OBITUARY OF, 132 
Russula cyanoxantha, 25 
Ruticilla pheenicurus, 58, 70 
titys, 59 


Secogyna viticulosa, 40 
Salix, 95 


THE GLASGOW NATURALIST. 


Salix phylicifolia, 139 
repens, 95 
Samolus Valerandi, 141 
SANDPIPER, Common, 56 
CURLEW, 56 — 
GREEN, 56 
Saperda candida, 105 
Saxicola cenanthe, 21, 58, 70, 127 
Scapania aspera, 42 
compacta, 42 
curta, 42 
gracilis, 42 
irrigua, 42 
nemorosa, 42 
purpurascens, 42 
undulata, 42 
umbrosa, 42 
Scarabzeus enobarbus, 102 
enema, 102 
eurytus, 102 
fricator, 102 
goliatus, 102 
quadrispinosus, 102 
lar, 102 
miliaris, 102 
pactolus, 102 
smaragdalus, 102 
splendidulus, 102 
Scarites depressus, 106 
marginatus, 106 
Scaup, 53 
SCHISTOCEPHALUS, 6-12 
Schistocephalus dimorphus, 11, 64 
Schistostega osmundacea, 135 
Scirpus pauciflorus, 81 
Sclerotinia Curreyana, 139 
Sclerotium roseum, 139 
Scolopax rusticula, 24, 60, 77 
Scort, J. F:, 25 
SEDGE-WARBLER AT PossIL, 1-6, 27 
Senecio Jacobexa, 141 
Septoria hydrocotyles, 95 
ros, 95 
Sesia 8—maculata, 109 
Shag, 52 
SHANKS, ARCHIBALD, 27, 127-8 
SHEARWATER-Manx, 58 
Shields, Herbert D., 130 
SHELD-DUCK, Common, 53 
Sherardia arvensis, 14] 


Shiskin, Arran, Summer-birds, 20, 27 


SHOVELLER, 53 

SHRIKE, GREAT GREY, 47 
Silene maritima, 94 
Silpha surinamensis, 103 
Siskin, 48 

SKYLARK, 50 

SMITH, JOHN, 64 


f 
‘ 
vs 


’ 


3 INDEX. i 


SNIPE, Common, 55 

GREAT, 55 

JACK, 55 
SOMERVILLE, J. E., 84 
SOMMERVILLE, JOSEPH, 27, 32, 65, 68, 133 
SpaRRow-Hawk, 54 
Sparrow, House, 48 

HeEbGE, 48 
Spatula clypeata, 60 
Spergula arvensis, 93 
Sphenolobus exsectzformis, 39 
Sphinx alope, 109 

peneus, 109 
Spirogyra bellis, 

nitida, 
Spirotznia condensata, 
Squatarola helvetica, 60 
Staic, R. A., 98, 101 
STARLING, 49 

ROsE-COLOURED, 49 
Steganosporium piriforme, 95 
Stellaria media, 93 
Stenocorus cyaneus, 105 
Stenopsocus immaculatus, 35 
Stenus binotatus, 90 

guttuta, 90 

latifrons, 90 
Sterna fluviatilis, 24, 60, 77 
STEVENSON, ALEX., 25 
Stewart, WaLrTeEr, 31 
STEWART, WILLIAM, 26, 130 

Memortiau NOTICE oF, 33-4 
STILT, BLACK-WINGED, 55 
Stint, Livre, 55 
STONECHAT, 45 
STRAP-woORMs, 6 
Strix flammea, 22, 59 
Stropharia aeruginosus, 25 
Sturnus vulgaris, 22, 59, 73 
Sula bassana, 23, 60, 76 
SUN-FisH, SHORT, IN AYRSHIRE, 30 
Surnia funerea, 59 
Swallow, 48 
SWAN, Brewick’s, 52 

More, 52 
Swirt, 50, 128 
SYCAMORES OF ‘“‘ CLyDE,” 112-126, 135 
Sylvia atricapilla, 59 

cinerea, 21, 59, 71, 128 

curruca, 59 

hortensis, 21, 59, 71 
Synchitrium aureum, 93 

mercurialis, 94 

stellariz, 93 

taraxaci, 93 
Syntomium zneum, 90 
Syringa vulgaris, 95 
Syrnium aluco, 22, 59, 74, 75, 130 


Ol 
OU 


Syrrhaptes paradoxus, 60 


Vachnius laticollis, 89 
Tadorna cornuta, 23, 60, 134 
Taraxacum officinale, 93, 94 
Tarentola dalelandii, 131 
WAV ROR ee Mes sl Ose tilee2 
TEAL, 53 
TENTHREDINID4 OF CLYDE, 96 
TERN, Buack, 56 
Common, 56 
Tetrao tetrix, 23, 60, 76 
urogallus, 60 
Tetraplodon mnioides, 139 
THOMSON, J. R., 
Turusu, Misrip, 45 
Sone, 45 
Thuia occidentalis, 137 
Tilletia decipiens, 94 
Tipula gigantea, 139 
lateralis, 139 
longicornis, 139 
lutescens, 139 
obsoleta, 139 
plumbea, 139 
sylvicola, 139 
varipennis, 139 
TITMOUSE, BLUE, 47 
COAL, 47 
GREAT, 47 
LONG-TAILED, 47 
Marsu, 47 
Tortula ruraliformis, 141 
Yotanus calidris, 24, 60, 77, 140 
canescens, 60 
fuscus, 60, 142 
hypoleucus, 24, 60, 77, 128 
ochropus, 60 
Trechus fasciatus, 69 
lapidosus, 84 
Tremella tubercularia, 63 
Trichius punctatus, 103 
viridulus, 103 
Trichocolea tomentella, 41 
Trichopsocus Dalei, 35 
Trifolium ochroleucon, 82 
pratense, 93 
repens, 96 
Tringa alpina, 60, 140 
minuta, 60 
subarquata, 60 
Tritoma vittata, 103 
Trochila craterium, 140 
Troctes divinatorius, 36 
Troglodytes parvulus, 21, 59, 72 
Trypodendron domesticum, 92 
Trox horridus, 103 
Turrep Duck, 53 


156 THE GLASGOW 


Turdus iliacus, 58 
merula, 21, 58, 70 
musicus, 21, 58, 70 
pilaris, 58 
torquatus, 21, 58, 70, 128 
viscivorus, 21, 58, 70 
Twit, 48, 78, 135 
Typha latifolia, 4, 27 


Ula pilosa, 139 

Ulmus, 95 

Ulmus campestris, 28, 137 
glabra, 137 
montana, 138 

Upupa epops, 96 

Uria troile, 60, 77 

Uromyces behenis, 94 
ficarie, 94 
limonii, 94, 141 
polygoni, 94 

Urtica dioica, 93, 94, 95 

Ustilago caricis, 94 


Vaccinium Myrtillus, 94, 94 
Valerianella olitoria, 141 
Vanellus vulgaris, 23, 60, 77, 140 
Venturia alchemille, 94 
myrtilli, 94 
Veronica officinalis, 94 
Vesperugo pipistrellus, 137 
Vicia Orobus, 135 
sativa, 141 
sepium, 93 
Viola Riviniana, 95 
tricolor, 95 


WAGTAIL, BLUE-HEADED, 47 
GREY, 47 
Prep, 47 
WuiteE, 47 


YELLOW, 47 


NATURALIST. 


WARBLER, BLACKCAP, 46 
GARDEN, 46 
GRASSHOPPER, 46, 77, 78 
SEDGE, 46, 78 

Watt, LAURENCE, 80, 132 

Waxwine, 47 

WHEATEAR, 45 

WHIMBREL, 56 

Wuincuat, 45, 128 

WHITETHROAT, 46 
LESSER, 46 

WHITTON, JAMES, 133 

WicEON, 53 

Witson, Hueu W., 25, 27, 64, 144 
Ropert W. S., 144 

Woopcock, 55 

W oopPECKER, GREAT SPOTTED, 90 

WREN, 47 : 

WILLow, 46 
Woop, 46, 128 
WRYNECEK, 50 


Xantholinus longiventris, 90 
ochraceus, 90 


YEwS AT KELBURNE, 29 


ZERMATT AND ITS Fora, 132 
ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION OF UNIVERSITY 
or GuLasGcow, 97-111 
Zygaena butus, 109 
flabellicornis, 110 
8—maculata, 110 
maja, 110 
pylotis, 110 
Zygnema anomalum, 141 
Zygodesmus fuscus, 95 


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