■L-f-, 'f. aDDDDnnnDnnananaDDDnnDaDDDDDDDnD D D D D D D D ^o«^*,r^ D D D D D i^ww D D D > [m r^^ /Q m D D D \ ^^Jf ^ D D D "^^^S^^** D D D D D D D D D D D UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS D D D D LIBRARY D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D nnnDnnnnanaaDDDnnnnDnDDnnnDDDnna LI 5-) n ft Q \Dt\nt\ uivERSTv'CF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERSliASS. 6 3 ^,0 etter~the Second Year 236; Queens Mating Twice _,5.S5, 602. 661, 704, 754; Queens Laying in Copi- pressed Cups 492; Queens Shipned Far, Inferior 1,101; Queens Superseded by Bees 740; Queens, Artifieiaf 428; Queens, Caging, to Prevent Swarm- ing 237; Queens, Egg-laying of 427; Queens, Fer- tilizing 75^285; Queens, Fertilization of Controlled 974; Queens, Introducing by Daubing 1.013; Queens,' Late-mated 134; Queens, Preparatory Flight 323; Queens, Replacing Old 692; Queens, to Test and Grade 486; Queens, Tw^o in a Cell 554, 658, 757; Queens, Virgin, 5 Months Old 657; Oueens, When" Begin to Lay 638; Queen- clipping 133; Queen-mating Witnessed by Pratt 809; O'lren-rearing.'Alley System 127- Queen-rearing Ap- pliances at Medina 79, SO; Queen-rearing. Fine Points in 889: Queen-rearing in England 757; Queen- rearing, Improved 127; Queen-rearing, Modern 19, 79, 1.33; Queen-rearing, Pratt on 492; Queen-rearing for Professionals 13; Queen-rearing, Swartmore's ;^6-?^J i GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Plan 60; Queen-trap, Dibbern 806; Queenlessness Detected by the Hum 187. Rabbet by Cleat 609; Rabbet, Cutting Out 848; Rabbet, Cutting Out to Lengthen Top-bar 636; Rabbets, Hive 609, 636, 848, 1,164; Rabbets, Re- moving to Lengthen Top-bar 848, 1,164; Rains in California 1,028; Rape 655, 1,026; Raspberry, Wild 501, 503; Raspberries, Red 655, 1,026; Recreation to Prolong Life 117; Redwood Hives 980; Redwood- trees of California 748; Reports Encouraging 13; Requeening, Time for 884; Kequeening, Best Time for 609, 636, 848, 1,164; Rheumatism Cured by Stings 1,072; Rheumatism Cured by Stings, see Bee- stings; Rietsche Wax-press 532, 583; Robbers, Trap- ping 376; Robbing Checked with Kerosene 708; Rob- bing, Furious 493; Robbing Stopped by Fresh Paint 554; Royal Jelly Not Necessary 601; Royal Jelly for Queen-rearing 168. Sainfoin 054, 753, 967, 1,025; Sainfoin for Honey and Hay 940; Salisbury on Automobiles 942; Salis- bury, the Supply Dealer 229; Salisbury's House- apiary a Success 396; Saltpeter on Rotten Wood 1,055; Saltpeter, see Smoker Fuel; Scent of Queens, see Queens; Scent of Queen in Introducing 923; Scientific Men, Value of Work 479; Scraping Sec- tions on Wire Cloth 597; Seasons, Average 64; Sec- tional Brood-chamber, Super Between Sections 288; Sectional Brood-chambers 443; Sections with Worms Selling by Weight 323, 599; Sections, Getting Well- in 1,143; Sections without Pop-holes 487; Sections, Plain, without Fences 604; Sections, Four-piece 12; Sections, Should They Be Scraped 850; Sections, filled 656; Sections, Scraping on Wire Cloth 597; Sections, Tall v. Square 447, 884, 1,163; Sections, to Get White 688; Sections, Plain, Advantages of 496; Sections, Tall, Laid on Side 479; Sections, Underweight 116; Sections, Scant Pound 65; Sec- tions, Unfinished, on Swarms 1,011; Sections, Un- finished 135; Sections, Unfinished, to Extract 705; Sections, Weight of 116; Sections, Wrapped and Unwrapped 704; Seed, Growing for Bees 654; Selser on Marketing Honey 805; Separators with Trans- verse Openings 600; Shallow Brood-chambers Becom- ing Popular 692; Shallow Brood Chambers, see Hives, Shallow; Shallow Combs Make Swarms 635; Sheep and Cattle in the Apiary 63; Sheep in Apiary 31, 384; Shipping-cases, to Put Paper in 598; Ship- ping-cases, Thickness of Cleats 896; Simmins' Mod- ern Queen-rearing 1,143; Skeps, Straw, in Germany 648; Skunks, To Destrov 188, 980; Smell, Sense of Bee 802; Smoke, Too Much 8S4; Smoker Fuel 1,102; Smoker Fuel of Basswood Blocks 1,012; Smoker Fuel of Rotten Wood 1,011; Smoker Fuel and Salt- peter 1,055; Smoker Fuel, Coggshall 74; Smoker, Atomizer 238; Smoker. Automatic 661; Smoker, Bingham 004; Smoker, Bingham, Criticised 489, 812; Smoker, Cold-blast, German 238; Smoker, Manner of Handling 739; Smoker, Todd's, with Hive-hooks 895; Smoker, To Start with Primers 984; Smokers and Fuel 132; Smokers, How to be Improved 489; Smokers, New Fuel for 501; Smokers, Size of 132; Smoker-hooks 662; Soap-factory, Visiting 884; Sour Smell in Apiary 1,011; Springs for Brood-frames 1,056; Starkey's Device 71; Stealing Bees, To Pre- vent 1,160; Steam-engines v. Gasoline-engines 812; Stimulative Feeding Harmful 271; Sting of Wasp V. Bee 1,028; Stingless Bees 340; Sting, Poison 31; Stings as Trowels 883; Stings in Queen's Body 707; Stings, Fatal 502; Stinging, Milk for 606; Stones on Covers, see Covers; Sugar, Cane or Beet 31; Sugars for Bees 1,022; Sugar, Maple, as a Bee Feed 238; Sugars, Beet, Cane and Palm 1,022; Supers, When to Put On 791; Sulphur, All About 607; Sulphur Cure For Paralysis 444; Sunflowers for Shade 986; Super, T, Without Separators 652: Supers Why They Should be Warm 1,159; Super seding 1,012; Supplies, When to Get 588; Swarm in Open Air 179; Swarm Enraged by Bumping 661; .Swarm Returning 850; Swarm that Would Not Stay Hived 763, 941; Swarm, Hiving on Old Stand 98 Swarm, Holding on Arm 388; Swarm, Record-break ing 82; Swarm, Shaken, on Drone Comb 235; Swarm Shaken, Step in Advance 587; Swarm, Shook 532 762, 600; Swarms Destroying Cells 760; Swarms Returned 897; Swarms with Clipped Queens 444 Swarms on Combs Instead of Foundation 236; Swarms Photographed 542; Swarms, After, Prevent- ing 502, Swarms, Brushed, When to Make 760; Swarms, After, To Locate 791; Swarms, Bees Mix- ing in G09; Swarms, First, to Handle 600; Swarms, 'diving in Cool Place 702; Swarms, Hiving by ihaking 758; Swarms, Panned and Pounded 1,028; J warms. Plan for Handling 448; Swarms, Preven- tion of 427; Swarms, Ringing Bells for 702; Swarms, Second, and Virgins 967; Swarms, Shaken, Some Points On 441; Swarms, Shaken, Successful 588; Swarms, Shaken, to Make Stay 443; Swarming and No Honey 813; Swarming and Large Hives 925; Swarming Controlled 289; Swarming and Queen- rearing 889; Swarming and Young Queens 923; Swarming to Borrowing 812; Swarming, to Prevent at Outyards 118; Swarm-catcher 7U6; Swarm-catcher, Mack's 739; Swarthmore Methods in England 757; Swarthmore, Visit to 1,064; Sweet Clover 883, 1,101; Sweet Clover for Cattle and Bees 397; Sweet Clover in Oats 810; Sweet Clover, an Annual 219; Sweet Clover, Not Flourishing in Borodino 323; Sweet Clover, Pollen from 739; Sweet-clover Bac- teria 60S; Syrup with Honey in for Feeding 219, 650; Syrup v. Honey for Wintering 1,012, 1,055, 1,099, 1,143; Syrup, To Make 170. Tags, Numbering 31, 167; Tanks, Big, for Ex- tracted Honey 926; Temperature of Colorado and Wisconsin 500; Temperature of Cellars 480; Titoff Cages 80, 134, 584; Top-bars, Thin, Favored 760; Top-bars, Thick v. Thin 644; Top-bars, Long 609; Top-bars, Thickness of 594, 635; Townsend's Methods 390; Townsend on Managing Out-apiaries 389; Transfer, When to 340; Transferring and Dividing 553; Transferring from Old Box Hives S97; Transferring in Europe 375; Transferring, Short Way 445; Transferring-tools 19; Tropical Notes 1114. Uncapping- frame 71; Uncapping Plan 531; Uncap- ping, How to Handle Combs 390; Uncapping, Depth to Cut 390; Uncapping-can, Home-made 337, 442, 789; Uncapping-kegs, To Make 22; Uncapping-knife with Flat Handle 941; Uncapping-knife in Water or Not 926; Uncapping-knife, Hot or Cold 341, 926; Uniting in the Spring 333; Utah, Bee Losses in 692; Utah, Irrigation in 1014. Vacations and Recreations J_17; Variation in Drones and Workers 438; V Edge, see Hoffnian Frame; Vegetable Physiology 281; Ventilating Hives in Cellar 284, 446, 480; Ventilating Through Hive- bottom 1160; Ventilation, How Effected by Bees 221; Vinegar, Honey 342, 427, 660; Vinegar, Honey V. Common 597; Virgins Hatching in Wired Cages 550; Virgin, Age of When Accepted 838, 879; Vot- ing, Preliminary 835. Wages in Apiary, see Help; Wax v. Honey Pro- duction 219; Wax Cakes to be Scraped 883; Wax Wasted in Colorado 882; Wax, Acid for Refining 135; W'ax-refining 177; Wax, Getting all out of Combs 394; Wax-press, Experiments with 176, 177; Wax-press, Rietsche 532; Wax-press, Better Way to Use 810; Weather, Cool, in June 688; West India Straws 979; West, Irrigated, Too Much Water 883; Western Department, Green's 1143; Wheelbarrow with Pneumatic Tires 758; White Clover, Value of to Fields 924; Windbreaks 648; Wings of Bees 479; Wintering in Cellar and Outdoors 324, 650; Winter- ing Outdoors, Stores for 1166; Wintering in Cellar in Colorado 1101; Wintering Indoors in Mild Cli- mate 1070; Wintering Method, Barber Method 501; Winter Cases, Mome-made 336; Winter Flights, when to be Allowed 238; Winter Packing 72; Winter Stores 222; Winter, Flights in Mid 1144; Winter, How Bee-keepers May Employ it 1146; Winter, its EtTect on White Clover 1155, 1156; Winter, Pre- paring for 881; Wires, Imbedded with Notched Nail 447; Wiring, Kink in 553; Wiring, Valuable Kink in 30; Worker Comb, to Get 430; Worker Combs, Building Straight 969; Worker Combs from Founda- tion Starters 11; Workers, Laying 11. Yellow-jackets in Colorado 188; Yellow-jackets De- structive 187; Yield, Big, from Poor Hive 1072; Yields, Large 03; Yield, Large, in Wisconsin 439; Yield, Most Remarkable 1019. Zinc Excluders 341, see also Excluders. CLEANINGS l^ BfiE CULTURE. Editorial. ABC, New Edition 276; Adair, Death of 433; Adulteration Subordinated to Defense Feature 1149; Adulteration, Nonsense About 1148; Adultera- tors, Getting after 482; Alexander on Curing Black Urood 536; Alexander on Thoroughness 536; Ameri- can Bee Journal 44 Years old 68; Apicultural Ex- positions, Floating 1104; Apicultural Schools in Rus- sia 1106. Baby Nuclei SS5; Baby Nuclei, Making Success of 797; Baby Nuclei for Mating Queens 743; Baby Nuclei for Mating 797; Bacteriologists on Black and Foul Brood IL'l; Bees as a Nuisance (?) 436; Bees Dving Out during Cold Snap 70; Bees Freezing (?) to' Death 1149; Bees and Fruit 328; Bee Journals Absorbed 928; Bee Journals Consolidated 482; Bee Journals, Money from 636; Bee Paradise in Texas 380; Bee Paralysis Hereditary 379; Bee Paralysis, Poppleton on 482; Bee Suits, to Avoid 1149; Bees, Crossest 70; Bees, Demand for 328; Bees, Great De- mand for 535; Bees, Losses of in Utah 694; Bees, Many or Few 381; Bees, Number to Keep, Hutchin- son on 381; Bees, Young, Shaking from Combs 223; Bees, To Ship 744; Bee-keeping among the Rockies, by Green 798; Bee-keeping Industry, Extent of 1150; Bee-keeping in Schools 538, 1018; Bee-keep- ing as a Specialty 1059; Bee-keeping for Women 1149; Bee-stings as Remedial Agent 970; Bicycles for Outyards 886; Black and Foul Brood in New York 121; Boardman Honey Candying at Last 120; Brick and Bag Honey in Summer 591; Brick Honey, see Candied Honey; Brood, Black and Foul in New York 121. Canard in Ladies' Home Journal 536; Canard Made Vv orse 589; Canard about Rockefeller 329; Candied Honey 16; Candied Honey Season at Hand 1059; Candied Honey from Square Cans, Retailing 224; Candied Honey in Bricks for Summer 589; Candied Honey in Brick and Bag Form 590; Candied Honey in Paper Ba^s 1060; Candied Honey, Con- fectionery from 328; Candied Honey, Future of 589; Candied Honey, Cutting with Wire 436; Candied Honey, Kink in (Zutting 276; Candied Honey, To Reliquefy 1061; Candying and Glycerine, see Glycerine; Candying of Boardman Honey 120; Cel- lar Wintering, Lessons Learned from 432; Cellar Wintering at Medina 17; Cellar, Temperature of 432; Cellars, Ventilation of 277; Centrifugal Wax- extractor 1059, 1061 ; Chicago-Northwestern Conven- tion 1149; Clover Abundant 482, 589; Colonies Not Queenless 928; Comb Honey on Market Early 537; Comb Honey, Manufactured (?), Expression at St. Louis 1017; Comb Honey, Marketing, Unscraped and Ungraded 640; Comb-honey Lie Made Worse 589; Comb-honey Canard Retreated 796; Comb-honey Lie Believed 694 ; Comb-honey Canard in Ladies' Home Journal 840; Comb-honey Lie Corrected in Inter- Ocean 278; Comb-honey Lies, Grocers Responsible for 1148; Comb-honey Lies Discussed at St. Louis 972; Comb-honey Canard in Pittsburgh Gazette 745; Constitution of National Amended 69; Convention Dates, when to Arrange 1104; Covers, State v. Iron 174; Cuban Crop a Failure 17, 120. Damage, National Victorious in Suit 379; Danzen- baker. Marriage of 484; De Beche, the Cuban Pa- triot 841; Drone-layers Wanted 693; Dzierzon Theory and Author 120. Entrances Snowbanked 16; Entrances Contracted for Outdoor Wintering 70; Exchange, National 1017; Exhibits of Bees and Beer at St. Louis 972. Farmer's Bees that will Not Rob 16; Feeding Out- doors for Winter Stores 839: Fence System, Popu- larity of 434; Fertilization, Phillips on 275; Flights, Midwinter, for Bees 1104; Flying-machine that did Not Fly 226; Formalin Good for Black but not Foul Brood 536; Formalin Distinguished from Formalde- hyde 10; Formalin Treatment in New York 121; Foor Commissioners, Ignorant 1104, 1148; Foul Brood in New York, Origin of 122; Foul Brood and Black Brood in New York 841; Foul Brood in Illi- nois 1150; Foul-brood Bill Hanging Fire 328; Foul- brood Bill Held up in Senate 276; Foul-brood Bill Passed in Ohio 223; Foul-brood Bill in Ohio Legis- lature 122 Foul-brood Bill in Ohio 380; Foul-brood Inspector Hutchinson 928; Frames, Self-spaced and Unspaced 328; France, General Manager 746. General Manager's Recommendation 1148; Glean- ings for 1904, 09; Gleanings from New Type 838; Glucose, Sul. Acid in Not Eliminated 381; Glucose, Sulphuric Acid in 329; Glucose-mi.xers, Getting after 482; Glucosed Preparations in Honey 16; Glycerine to Prevent Candying 276; Glycerine Not a Preven- tive of Candying 639; Glycerine in Honey Prevent- ing Granulation 226; Government Aid for Apiculture 224; Granulation, To Prevent 1060; Green, J. A. Editorial Writer 798; Grocery Trade, Working up 839. Harmony at St. Louis 971; Harris as Presiding Officer 971; Heads of Grain Left out 1104; Her- shiser, Mrs. O. L. 123; Hetherington, Death of OS; Hive Lumber Scarcer 434; Hives, Home-made 174; Hiving Apparatus, Patented 226; Hoffman Metal- spaced F'rame Objected to 277; Hoffman Frames Spaced Wide for Extracting 121; Hoffman and Closed-end Frames for Extracting 121; Hoffman Frame, Merits and Demerits 041; Home of the Honey-bees 1016; Home-made Supplies v. Factory 174; Honey (?) from Corn 329; Honey Crop for 1904 639, 693; Honey Crop for 1904 Revised 745, 795; Honey Crop a Failure in California 328; Honey Crop, California, Worst on Record 838; Honey Crop, Last Report for 1904 838; Honey Yield in United States 1150; Honey, Branding and Adver- tising 1018; Honey, Candied, see Candied Honey; Honey, Definition of 1150; Honey, to Keep it Liquid a Year 1060; Honey, Marketing Early 120; Honey, Selling to Grocers 839; Honey, Trainload of 69; Honey, Unripe, Not to be Sold 743; Honey- plant, Greatest in the World 640; Honey-dew in Honey, Effects of 1150; Hooper, F. B., Jamaica Bee- keeper 694. Introducing with Old Queen in Hive 886; In- ventors, Would-be, of Beedom 379. Karo 16; Kinetoscope Moving Pictures 1061 ; King Birds Not Enemy of Bees 888; Kodakery at Home of Honey-bees 1016. Ladies' Home Journal, Retraction from 840; Ladies' Home Journal Canard 536: Law, Foul-brood, in Ohio 483; Law, Pure- food, in New York 888, Locality, its Bearing on Apiculture 928; Logwood for Honey 641); Loss of Bees in Utah 094. Maine, Prohibition in 929; Marketing Early 639; Marketing Honey Early Desirable 537, 742; Mar- keting Earlv, Importance of 120; Marketing Early, Necessity of 885; Marks, President of N. Y. S. B. K. A. 120; Mason, J. B. 929; Michigan's Last Pines 434; Midwinter Flights for Bees 1104; Miller, C. C, and Family 887; Minneapolis Convention 1147; Morehouse Editor of Western Department 589; Morehouse, Death of 743; Moving Pictures at Con- ventions 1061; Muth and Family 591. National Election 69; National Association Not In- corporated 1148; National Affi.xing Brand of Purity 536; National Brand of Purity 640; National B. K. A., Report of 17; National Association Discussed by France 1148; National Constitution Amended 69; National Convention, see St. Louis; National Con- vention, When to Hold 482; National Convention Next Year 1060; National Report, Cost of 174; Na- tional Victorious in Suit 379; National Honey Ex- change 1017; National Legislation 1018; National, Carload of Bee-keepers to Attend 839; National, General Manager of 746; National, Objects of 1149; New York Pure-food Law 888; No-drip Cleats too Thin 742; Nominations for National 973. Outdoor Feeding, To Stimulate 839. Patents, Useless, on Hives 226; Pennick's Centrif- ugal Wax-extractor 1061; Phillips on the Smell of Bees 795; Photos, Prizes for 68; Prohibition in Maine, Effects of 929; Propolis Removed with Wire Cloth 886. Queens Mating in Baby Nuclei 743; Question-box in A. B. T. 68; Question-box at Conventions 1149. Rob, Bees thai will Not 16; Rockefeller's New Speculation 329; Root Company's Business 1150; Root's Factory Photographed 1016; Russian Bee- keeping 1105; Russian Representative at St. Louis 1105. St. Louis Convention 1017, 1059; St. Louis, Can- ards Discussed at 973; St. Louis Convention 1105, 6 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 13 47; St. Louis Convention, Sidelights on 971; Salisbury's Windmill Elevator 223; Scent of Bees, Relation to Introducing 886; Sections Cleaned on Wire Cloth SS6; Sections, Four-piece 68; Sections, lail. Lying on Side in Super 432; Sections, Tall, and Others 432; Sense of Bees, Phillips on 795; Shipping Bees 744; Shipping-case Cleats too Thin 742; Slate and Iron Roofing 174; Smoker Fuel, lixcelsior 970; Spring, Favorable 275; Stings an As- set to the Bee-keeper 276; Stings as a Remedy, see Bee-stings; Sulphur Cure for Paralysis 379; Sul- phuric -Acid in Glucose 381; Supply Dealers Busy .89; Swarms, Shaken 1149; Sweet, Clover, Large Amount of 743. Texas Bee-keeping 380; Thieves Arrested in Cali- fornia 535; Trainload of Honey, Length of 1150. X'entilstion or Not in Cellar 433. Wagner, Founder of the A. B. J. 68; Wagner, Samuel, Founder of A. B. J. 122; Wax-extractor, Centrifugal 1059, 1061; Weber and his Family 799; Western Department in Gleanings 589; Winter Losses 380; Winter Losses in Lake Regions Severe 328; Winter Losses, Heavy, Outdoors 277; Winter Losses, Severe 174; Winter and Spring Losses 206, 432; Winter Losses in Wisconsin 535; Winter, Severe 122; \Vintering in and out of Doors 928; Wintering Indoors, Lessons Learned from 432; Wintering Out- doors, Protected by Carpets 432; Wintering in Ma- chine-shcp Cellar 277; Wintering Stores 1059; Win- tering, Bees Dying during Cold Snap 70; Wintering, in v. Out 275; Wintering, Successful, Outdoors 431; Wire Cloth for Cleaning Sections 886; Woman Res- cued by De Beche 842. Yor-ick Dog 536. Illustrations. Alexander's Big Yard 1021; Alfalfa Hay, Big Stack of 707; Alley Inspecting Comb 128; Ames Families 893; Apiarian Exhibit, Farmer's 76, 77; Apiary of J. F. Aitkin 648; Apiary, Alexander's 1021; Apiary and Home of F. M. Hart 698, 700; Apiary m Australia 594; Apiary, Arrangement of 445; Apiary, Barnum's Chaff -hive 982; Apiary, Shedded, Griffith's 1162; Apiary, Jefferson's Shedded 27; Apiary, Koehler's 440; Apiary of Albert Lane 647; Apiary, Pratt's 1066, 1067; Apiary, Model, in Utah 127; Apiary of L. Wahl 22; Apiary, Weber's Roof 801; Apiary of E. C. Woodward 1157;^ At- water's Entrance-contractor 185; Automobile, Salis- bury's 230. Baby Nuclei, Swarthmore's 1065; Baby Nucleus- boxes, Laws' 975, 976; Barnum's Chaff -hive Apiary 982; Bears and Bees 643; Bees v. Blackberries 708; Bee-escape, Cleveland's 186; Bee-escape, Phillips' 707; Bee-escape to Strengthen Swarms 761; Bottled Honey, Peddling, see Peddling; Burns' Method of Fastening Foundation 606. Cages, Queen, Titoff 80; Candied Cut with Wire 331-333; Candied Honey, Oyster-pails for 73; Car- ton, Extracted Honey 1165; Cartoon 708; Cartoon, Song without Words 762; Catalpa-trees 1110; Cell- bar Frame, Root's 890; Cell Cups, Wooden, Root's 19; Cells and Cell-bars in Frames 446; Centrifugal Wax-extractor 1062; Christmas in California 893: Clipping Oueens Illustrated 133; Coggshall Smoker Fuel 74; 'Colony in Open Air 179; Comb Eaten by ilice 446; Co.nb Honey from one Swarm in 6 Weeks 1163; Cover, Blaisdell's 75; Cover, Double 338; Covers Secured with Stones 648; Covers, Galvanized 440; Covers, Starkey's Cloth 71; Crane Fence 546. De Beche, F. H. 843; Device to Put Paper in Shipping-cases 598; Dibbern's Drone-trap 806, 807; Drone-trap, Dibbern's 806, 807; Duley's Safety De- vice 494. Entrance-contractor, Atwater s 185; Extracted Honey" 1165; Extractor for Unfinished Sections 135; Extracting-room Koehler's 441; Extracting- room, Wahl's 23; Extracting- wagon, Jefferson's 27; Eve of Bee 383. Farmer's Apiary 76; F'eeder, Blaisdell s 75; Fences with Wooden Buttons 546; Fertilization Illustrated 286, 287; Foundation Secured in Brood- frames 606; Foundation, Hand Fastener 604; Foun- dation, Snug Fit in Sections 487, 488; Frame of Brood Well Filled 387; Frame, Nail-spaced, Miller's 937; Frame, Nail-supported 1S6; Frame, Nail-sup- ported, Getaz' 339; France, N. E. 747; France's Honey Package 747. Granulated Honey Cut with Wire 331-333; Green, J. A. 7 99; Greenhouse, Root's Lean-to 709, 710. Hart's Apiaries 698; Hart's Residence 698; Her- 'il-iser, Mrs. O. L. 123: Pletherireton, T. E. 130; Hive with Cut-out Rabbet 609; Hive, Device for Nailing 550; Hive, Open-air 17 9; Hives, Home-made .''92, 593; Hive-carrier, Greenwood's 288; Hive-rab- ]--t Cut out 1104; Hive-stand of Old Bottles 495; Hive-tool 706; Hive-tool, Ferguson 178; Hoffman Frame, Metal-spaced 178; Llolder for Unfinished Sections 705; Home of the Honey-bees 1022; Home of the Honey-bees 1151-1154; Home-made Hives 592. 593; Honey, Candied, Cut with Wire 331-333; Honey, Fine Opening for 544; Honey-retailing Case 491; Honey-wagon, Greiner's 491; Hooks for Smokers 895; House-apiary, Old 1107-1109. Introducing-cage, Miller's 809. Jefferson's Shedded Apiary 27. Kodak in Apiary 542; Koehler's E^tracting-room 441. La Bunty's Wax-press 176, 177; Langstroth at 65 845; Laws' Baby Nucleus-boxes 975, 976; Lewis Co.'s Plant 279, 284; Lumber, Root's 1152, 1153. Manufacturing Plant, Root's 1151-1154; Manufac- tory of Lewis Company 279-284; Mason, J. B. 934; ilason's Shop, Home and Apiary 934, 935; Miller, Dr. C. C. 887; Morehouse, H. C. 590, 803; Moving Bees, Safety Device for 494; Mules for Carrying Bee Supplies 439; Murray Automobling 1S4; Muth and Family 591. Nail-spaced Frame, Cleveland's 186; Nail-spaced Frame, Miller's 937; Nucleus, see Nuclei; Number- ing-tags, Johnson's 448; Numb»ring-tags, McGray's ]0:i7; Numbering-tags, Murray's 31. Oyster-pails for Candied Honey 73. Paper in Shipping-cases, Device to Put in 598; Pecan-trees 88 Years old 1108; Peddling Honey 227-229; Pettit's Braced Top-bar 045; Plain Sections, Spacing Device 604; Pines, Michigan's Last 435; Pratt, E. L., and Family 1064; Press, Wax, see Wax-press; Profits in Bee Culture 986. Queen-cage, Titoff, in Use 134; Queen-cells Mount- ed on Cell-bars 890; Queen-clipping Illustrated 133; Oueen-nursery 80; Queen-rearing Tools 19. " Rabbet Cut out of Hive 609; Raspberry, Wild, in Michigan 501; Redwoods of California 749, 751; Root Factory, The 1151-1154; Root's Factory be- tween Courts 1022; Root's Greenhouse 709, 710; Root's Kitchen and Woodshed 1029. Salisbury in Automobile 230; Salisbury in his Office 229; Salisbury's Warehouse 231, 232; Sec- tions, Unfinished Extracting-frame 705; Sections, Wrapped and Unwrapped 704; Skeps, Straw 649; Smoker Fuel, Coggshall 74; Smoker-hooks 895; Song without Words 702; Starkey's Bee-yard 71; Straw Skeps 649; Swarm of Bees on Arm 388; Swarms, Big 542, 543; Swarm, Returning 850; Swarm- catcher 706; Swarthmore and Family 1064. Titoff, Abram E. 1105; Titofi Queen-cages 80; Toepperwein's Office 1066; Top-bars, Pettit's Sugges- tion 595, 645; Transferring-tools 19; Trout Brook Scene in Michigan 502. Uncapping-box, Home-made 443; Uncapping- frame, Starkey's 71; Uncapping-can, Galvanized Tub 337; Uncapping-tub, Home-made 759. Ventilator Hive 603; Victor's Big Swarm 388. Wagon, Extracting, Jefferson's 27; Water-closet Arrangement, Root's 1029; Wax-extractor, Centrif- ugal 1062; Wax-press, La Bunty's 176; Weber, C. H. W., and Family 799, 800; West's Queen-cell Pro- tector 120; Wheelbarrow with Pneumatic Tire 758; Wilson, Miss Emma 887; Wings of Bees, Variations in 438; Wintering in Winter Cases 336, 337; Win- ter-packed Hive, Starkey's 72; Wiring Frames 30; Wooden Cell Cups, see Cell Cups. Yoder's Method of Putting in Foundation 487, GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Pickings. Absinthe to Repel Bees 836; Ants, To Destroy 792; Apiaries, Floating in Egypt 326; Apiaries, En- glish, Movable 66; Apiculture in Schools 14; Apicul- ture. Slow Progress in France 837; Austrian Bee- keeping 14. Bee Culture Taught in Schools 1056; Bee Jour- nals, Number of 585; Bee Poison Counteracting Fever 968; Bees and Fruit 585; Bees and Grapes 1146; Bees in Europe 585; Bees in Foreign Coun- tries, Number of 1145; Bees in Servia 637; Bees in Switzerland 637; Bees and Alfalfa 585; Bees Win- tered without Combs 968; Bees, Chief Use of 689; Bees, Prof. Gould on 481; Bees, Taxing 1145; Bee- books, 139 since 1759 533; Bee-keeper a Hermit 585; Bee-keepers Made Healthy by Stings 1056; Bee- keeping along Railways in Austria 169; Belgian Bee- keeping 66; Bertrand's Retirement 118. Cloudiness in Honey 13; Comb and Extracted, Producing Together 429; Comb Honey, Untidy, in Groceries 637: Combs Gnawed by Mice 637; Combs too Old for Brood 377; Comb-honey Lies, how to Treat Editors 793; Cotton Waste for Smokers 273; Cowan and Bertrand 169; Crystallization, Schultz's Theory 273. Drones from Fertile Queen only, of Value 66; Dzierzon Criticised in Germany 222. Eggs, Worker, Laid first Year 792. Foul Brood in England 1057; Foul-brood Bill in England 793, 968; Foundation, Columbia 533. Garage Defined 273. Haiti for Bees 793; Harrison, Mrs. Death of 689; Hives, Cost of Home-made 533, 585; Hives, Burning for Foul Brood 689; Honey Advertised on Postal Cards 273; Honey Defined 169; Honey Display in London 934: Honey for Children 533; Honey as Food SSI; Honey from Orange-blossoms in Africa 169; Honey without Bees, Protest 273; Honey, Adulterated, in Switzerland 326; Honey, Cutting Price in France 837; Honey, English 14; Honey, To Sell, Smith on 1146; Honey, Flow of, in Thunder- storms S37; Horse-blanket on Hive 429. Insurance in Ireland 6S9; Introducing in Ger- many 377. Javelle Water 880. Lemons to Attract Swarms 792; Lime in Soil Good for Honey 637. Mercader-Belloch, Spanish Editor 170; Morrison Reviewed by Eaton 1057; Murray, R. V. 793. Oak Twigs for Fuel 66. Plantain for Stings 1056; Poison from Bees v. Wasps 924; Pollen, Fermented, Bad 792; Propolis, Warm, as Disinfectant 1057. Queens, Testing by Fighting 377. Raspberry Honey 429; Raspberry, Red, for Honey and fruit 1145; Russian Bee-keeping 14. Siberian Bee-keeping 377; Spanish Bee Journal 66; Sparrows Eating Bees 1145; Spores Killed by Pressure 680: Stings for Rheumatism 740; Supersti- tions about Bees in France 881. Tobacco bad for Bees and Men 1145. Varnish of Propolis 836. Wasp Eggs, Treatment of by Bees 968. Yields, Large, in General 637. Contributcr3. Achard, C. B. 384; Adkins, B. S. 397; Alexander E. W. 1019; Allan, W. L. 603; Alley, Henry 28 Alton, C. 897; Ames, Mrs. J. B. 893; Anthony, A B. 30, 896; Archer, Thomas 1072; Armstrong, An drew 1072; Atwater, E. F. 185, 235, 337, 701 Avard, Sam 942; Averill, B. F. 810; Axtell, Mrs. L. C. 804, 850. Baicr, T. G., 387; Baker, Albert 763; Baldensper- ger, P. T. 289; Baptiste, J. 657; Barber. Ira 131; Barber, T. A. 984; Barnum, C. W. 9S3; Bender, C. F. 25, 985, 1028, 1110; Benton, Frank 232, 385, 754, 1024, 1113; Bingham, T. F. 132, 440, 604; Bingham, T. F. 604: Birchard, Tas. 188; Blackman, J. 896; Blaisdell, W. S. 75; Blakely, Mrs. J. B. 984; Board- man, H. R. 397; Bodge, A. R. 288; Booton, H. 1072; Borror, M. N. 342; Bostw^ick, G. A. 758, 1071; Bowey, Jno. 848; Brockunier, V/. W. 30; Brown, Waldo F. 843; Brown, W. C. 757; Brunskog, Frank 609: Bufkin, D. P. 755; Burns, J. H. 607; Burr, Leslie 933; Butler, S. A. 605; Byers, A. A. 236. Callbreath, J. S. 60S, 809; Carl, H. F. 135, 658, 981; Carpenter, G. W. 609; Carter, C. K. 551; Chambers, T. E. 660, 760; Chambless, W. F. 708; Cheatham, S. 1071; Clarke, L. H. 82. 340; demons, Mrs. Lolo 763; Clerc, Fred L. 134; Cleveland, R. D. 186: Coggshall. W. L. 74, 663, 941: Coleman, D. C. 447: Coili'dge, W. W. 448; Comrie, W. S. 940; Cook, Prof. A. J. 281; Cormac, Jas. 5n0; Cowgill, B. F. 707: Cragon. T. C. 126; Crane, S. A. 1071; Crane, T. E. 546; Crowther, H. E. 896; Crum, G. B. 554; Cutts. J. M. 397. Dadant, C. P. 335, 755; Daggert, H. C. 287; Dakin, A. W. 605; Daniel, Wm. F. 340; Danielsen, Daniel 983; Davenport, C. 1066; Daveson, W. T. 939; Davidson, J. M. 657; Davidson, W. T. 82; Dawson, W. J. 60S; Dean, J. S. 288; DeBeche, 931; Demuth, Geo. 762; Dibbern, C. H. 185; Dibbern, C. H. 806; Dickinson, W. H. 552: Dickson, C. G. 762; Doolittle, G. M. 333, 650; Dotson, Newton 554; Drake. F. H. 850; Drunnich, Dr. 31; Duley, G. W. 494: Dupray, A. L. 394. Earnshaw, Wm. H. 985; Edmonds, F. W. 942; Edwards, E. E. 486; Ellington, G. M. 188: Eubank, L. 604; Evans, W. C. 986; Eveland, E. 985. Ferguson, L. R. 178; Fisher, E. N. 1072; Fitz- Hart, H. 395; Fixter, John 183; Fletcher, S. R. 397: Foster, S. S. 502; Fox, Elias 552: Frank, A. H. 938: Francis, C. G. 983; Freeman, W. H. 135; Frick, C. E. 662; Fullerton, Jas. 703. Gathright, W. C. 342; Cause, F. E. 448; Geordy, 941. 9S3: George, J. W. 813; Getaz, A. 331, 339, 752; Gilbert, L. M. 237; Gill, M. A. 500; Gilstrap, W. A. II. 762, 980; Graham, W. R. 185; Gray. J. f.r.O, 763; Gray, J. W. C. 396; Gray, S. W. 553; Green, E. C. 142; Green, J. A. 180. 883, 930, 926, 1101; Greene, C. J. 442; Greenwood, H. E. 288; Greiner, F. 23, 82, 179, 336, 596, 648, 804; Greiner, G. C. 227, 491; Griffith, R. 1072; Gross, G. 82; Grover, G. S12: Guvton, Dr. T. W. 495. Haffcrd, Mrs. 942; Hagan, J. R. 392; Hager, A. M. V. 1"5: Hahman F. 978; Haines, G. W. 446 Haires W. C. 135, 986; Hairston, J. T. 126; Hall Ben D. 6(18: Hall, F. W. 542; Halter, A. J. 763, 940 1112; Hnmmond, J. 897; Hand, J. E. 395, 278, 600 Harrington. A. R. 30; Harrington, M. W. 554; Har r^s. C^S. 188; Harris, E. A. 851; Hartzell, J. G 983: Hatch. G. F. 657; Hill, F. B. 896; Hilton, G E. 933; Hilton, Joel 763: Hinckley, Geo. E. 606 Hochstein, C. F. 760; Holtermann, R. F. 760 Hooker. J. N. 605. 757, 940; Horton, L D. 31; Hos tetter. C. J. 604; Howe, F. W. 658; Howe, Geo. B 1S8; Howe, Harry 393; Hubble, W. N. 851; Hunter R. B. 135: Hurt, Albert 851; Hutchins, F. C. 501 Hvde, G. F. 811; Hyde, H. H. 548, 550, 1068; Hyde T. L. 984; Hvde, S. J. 609. Jackson, Mrs. F. O. 606; Jacobsen, J. A. 708 le'fferson, W. D. 26; Johnson, H. Langton, 448 Johnson L. 659: Jones, F. B. 606; Jones, Henry C03; ludson. A. B. 445. Kefr. L. E. 1028; Kerr, W. H. 237; Keyes, D. R. 1070; Kilgore, S. G. 554; King, I. A. 81; Kneppel- hout, C. 23S: Koehler. L. C. 663; Koehler, Louis C. 439: Knumline, H. S. 238; Kuehne, M. R. 552; Kiiehne, M. R. 443, 552. LaBounty, S. O. 176; Lamb, Mrs. Jos. 31; La- Mont, S. 897; Lang, Jas. 446; Larcombe, H. I. 289; Lathrop, Harry 20, 658; Laws, W. H. 974; Lawson, A. 894; Leach, D. C. 396; Leonard, J. A. 499; Les- 8 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Hie, G. F. 236; Lewin, J. 185; Littkjohn, W. 11. ■2S9; Long, J. N. 659; Loucks, F. H. SOT; Lowe, Geo. E. 895; Luhdorff, Otto 553, 607, 656, 660. Mack, J. M. 706, 761; MacLean, de Bears 501, 705; Manning, H. 658; Martin, J. W. 445; Massie, P. K. 599; McAllester, Geo. 938; McCullough, S. H. 812; McEvoy, Wm. 493; McGarrah, H. R. 941; Mc- Glade, Frank 696, 1107; McGray, A. H. 1027; Meacham, D. T. 330; Michener, Miss M. F. 341; Millard, T. R. 554; Miller, A. C. 7 6, 127, 184, 234; 1112; Miller, Dr. C. C. 284, 708, 93C; Miller, Sylvia 1C27; Mills, Chas. 340; Mirande, Marcel Dr. 77; Moore, E. W. 553; Moorhead, A. E. 550; Morgan, E. A. 188; Morgan, F. W. 895, 940, 1069; Morrison, W. K. 497, 540, 654, 807, 891, 979, 1022, 1027, 1114; Murray, R. V. 31, 184; Muth-Rathmussen, 662, 942. "Nemo," 643; Nettleton Bros. & Dean, 604; Newell, E. A. 81; Newell, E. A. 188; Norton, Chas. E. 657; Null, W. D. 134. Orishaw, J. F. 182. Parker, Isaac 984; Parsons, C. C. 496; Patton, J. S. 30, 1072; Pearse, C. J. 31; Pennington Bros. 502; Pettit, S. T. 125, 594, 644; Phifer. Geo. M. 604, 056; Phillips, E. F. 802; Phillips, E. F. 285, 383, 438, 846, 977, 1064: Phillips, G. W. 133; Phillips, Geo. W. 19, 79; Phillips, Wm. J. 707; Pickering Myron 397; Pink, E. J. 553; Pouder, W. S. 552; Pratt, E. L. 492, 810; Prior, Chas. Edw. 986; Pryal, W. A. 748, 805, 1028. Ragan, VV. H. 1S6: Ralph, Edwin 188; Rauchfuss, F. 933; Rhodes, Earl 502; Rich, W. W. 762; Roe, Geo. H. 187; Rood, E. B. 851; Roos, Wm. J. 708; Root, E. R. 129; Root, E. R. 229. 331; Root, H. H. 71; Root, L. C. 551; Ross, H. A. 851; Rousseau, L. C. 759. Safford, E. Y. 705; Salisbury, F. A. 499, 942; Sinagc, D. F. 939; Schnuchel, R. 708; Selden, M. P. 805, 985, 1063; Shepard, M. W. 341, 861; Shep- ard, M. A. Mrs. 181; Sherburne, Roland 652; Shi- ber, Geo. 441: Simmons, Richard 897; Smiley, S. W. 554; Smith, Floyd 942; Smith, Oscar 938; Snider, C. L. 1072; "Sojourner," 647; Somerford, 704; Somerford, F. N. 489; Soper, W. D. 238, 395; Sparhawk, N. A. 447; Spottswood, E. T. 665; Star- key, E. E. 339; Stewart, Henry 810; Stewart, J. C. 1071; Steiger, Chas. 124; Stine, J. 661; Strittmatter, F. J. 551; Strohschein, Fred 549; Stroup, Mar- garetta 342; Sturm, G. J. 289; Swarthmore, 601, 889. Thompson, E- M. 342; Tingley, H. H. 813; Todd, L. J. 663, 895; "Transient," 646, 698; Turner, G. F. 187, 812. Ueck, Wm. 551. Veith Brc, Alphonse 658; Victor, W. O. 387; Vincent, Leo 803. Wahl, Louis F. 22; Walker, H. J. O. 182; Web- ster, E. S. 396; Weidenderger, A. H. 606; Wells, Geo. H. 187; W.-rner, L. A. 608; Westcott, W. H. 500; White, A. B. 237; White, Dan 539: White, T. T. 941; Whitfield. R. F. 288; Whitney, W. M. 445, 551, 695, 757, 847, 1028, 1070; Whitney, Wm. N. 1028; Wiggins, C. H. 29; Wignall, F. L. 605; Will- iams, Edgar 850; Williams, R. 287; Williamson, Samp. 662; Willmer, L. H. 445; Wilson, Edward 933; Woest, H. E. 439; Wolfe, A. D. 447; Wollpert, M. B. 940; Womble Walter 705; Woodhouse, J. M. 759; Woodward, C E. 661, 700, 811, 932, 986; Wood worth, J. V. 31; Wuste, R. 1069; Wutig, C. 238 Yoder, G. J. 394, 487; Young, N. 448; Young, W. 661. Zimmerman, A. T. 7 58. A. I. Root's Department. Alcohol and Literat ire of the Day 1167; Al- manacs, Fake Weather 4 12, 989; Anti-Saloon League Convention 1115, 1171; Apple Story 1032; Apple, Seedless, Spencer 1171: Apples, More about 1075; Automobling through Olio 820, 852; Automobiles 84, 85; Automobiles Di. cussed 349: Automobiles Housed 84: Automobiles on Common Roads 766, 767, 852, 900, 945, 989. 1033. Bath-rooms, etc. 1030, Birds, Bees and Cherries 769: Brandy in Sickness 344; Brannock Bill 449, 1117; Buckwheat Culture 293; Buckwheat, Japanese, in California 244. Cabin in the Woods 399, 664: Cabin in the Woods in November 1074; Canteen, Army 1171; Catalina Island 141: Cherries are Ripe 768: Christianity and Business 557: Cigarette Law 1169; Cuts, Short, in Home 1029: Cyclopedia, Farmers' 1077. David Hirnm 137: Developments in Science 83: Dif trick's Farm of 15 Acres 2-!'!. 401, 557; Divorces 611; Doctor, when to Get 291; Drugs and Intemper- ance 617. Edison's Vitalizer 990; Elei trqpoise, Oxydonor, etc. 141, 340. 401: Excursions, Sunday 943; Ex- perts, Mechanical 856. Fair at Xenia, No Arrests 858; Fnirs and Liouor- srlling 399: Farmers' Wives, Insanity of 294; Flow- ers around Church 555; Flying-machines 241, 988. Girls. Looking aftf-r 616; Greenhouse, Automatic 453; Greenhouse. Cloth-covered 506, 1077; Green- house, Large, Visit to 508, 558'. Derrick on Brannock Bill 453, 1117: Hilbert's Hou.se Burned 665; Horses, Sending to School 1033: House-plants, To Manage 507; H-.i»bands and Wives, Duties of 34, 898. Intemperance from Patent M«dicines 610, 765; Invalids, Best Food for 345. Lean-meat Diet 345; Local Optii n in Arizona 292, 012: Local Option in Canada 400, 612. Machinery, Keeping in Order 3» 8. Natural Food Diet 295, Newspaj ers, Sunday 901; Nurses, Trained 244. Oil, Healing 290. Plum, Sloe 142, 295; Potato Culture and Fertili- zers 293: Potato, Roasted Chestnut 191, 294, 346, 901; Potato, Roasted-chestnut, Diseased 294; Pota- toes, Black in Center 769; Potatoes, High-priced Seed 295; Potatoes, yi Bushel from 1 lb. Seed 243; Potato-planter, Hand 401; Prohibition in Texas 140. Radish, Elusive 192; Radium, Truth about 86, 349. Safford, Arizona 1032; Saloons, None in Town of 10,000 857; Secrets, Selling 1169; Scalping Rail- road Tickets 86; Self-culture, World Needing 764; Sick. Should we Ever be? 243. 398, 504; Silk In- dustry of Michigan 560; Soils, Inoculation of 1077; Strawberry-growing, High-pressure 990; Sunday- school Class 242; Sweet Clover for Orchards 347. Theaters and their Tendency 24 {; Theater, Iro- quois 139; Tobacco Habit 189; Tol scco and Cigar- ettes 139; Tobacco and Courtesy 61f ; Tobacco from Business Standpoint 400; Tobacco Industry 347; Tobacco for Jails, etc. 1171. Uncle ,Sam and Whisky Business 506. Vetch, Winter 294. Water Cure, Internal 401; Water, Living 1073; Weather Forecasts, Fake 1170; Weather Prophets, 89. 347: Whisky Advertisements 400; Whiskv, Duf- fv's 616, 765, 769; Whitcomb's "New Life" 37, 189. Volume XXXIII. JANUARY I, 1904. Number I :W are as tol'ows: Fancv. J1.75^a*2 00 per dozen; No. 1, $l..oOa Jl.To; No. 2, $l.tO>a$l 50 This sells retail in the store.'- at. fancy, 25; No. 1, 20; No. 2, 15, each section. Extiacled honey iu lage lots, first qualitv. t)!4to754, P^'t up in 1 arrels orliO lb. cans: 5 lb. ami 10 lb. tins al T4(aS This re- tails at lOo per lb, pail included The department store here sells quite a lot of honey, tisually at lOc per lb , 10 lb tin for $1 00; but occasi nally they offer spe- cial bargains, sellinj; 10 lb. tins for 90c, tins included. Dec. 12. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Out. Denver — Market on both comb and extracted hon- ey IS quiet, with sufficient stocks on hand to meet the requiremenls of the local markets for some time. Strictly ftncy white comb, per rase of 24 secti"ns, |2.7.5Ca $:^.00 No. I white comb, 82.50a2.75; light amber comb, SJ 25'fi $2 .50 Theie is piactically no .'•ale for partly candied co-nb honey, and such vvill not biing more than $2 00 per case. 'Extracts d white. 7 ■/4fa,744; light amber, H%(a7}{. Beeswax wanted at 2()C for good clean yellow slock. The Colorado Honey Producer.s' Ass'n, Dec. 11. Denver, Col. Columbus — We are pleased to report a very satis- factory m Tket on honey but with a lighter dem nd. Prices range from 13(a,15 on white ll(al;i on am' er, and 10 on buckwheat. We are in shape to handle both large and small shipments. Evans & Turner, Dec. 19. Columbus, Ohio. Philadelphia. — Honey is arriving quite freely. We are now in the height of the honey season, and" there is a big demand for it. but it does not last long We are getting fancv prices and fancy comb; 17c for fancy white; 15c for No 1; l.'?c for amber and buckwheat. Extracted in fair demand; 7c for white, 6 •"or amber. Beeswax in good demand — M2 for bright yelluw We are producers of honey, and do not handleon commis- sion Wm. a. Sei.ser, Dec. 21. 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Kansas City. — Instead of our honey maiket im- proving, it has grown worse so far as comb is con- cerned. The receipts have increased and fancy comb and No 1 have beni sold as I )w as 82 50 per case of 21 sections. We do not look for any improvement in prices befoe February, if then We quote ftncy, white comb, 24-section ca-^es, $2 60; No. 1, comb 24- section cases |2 50; No 2 com >, 24-section cases. $2.40. Extr.Tcted. while, per lb., l(g)l%: amber, (inb]4- Bees- wax, 2o'n28. C. C. Climons 8t Co.. Dec. 30. Kansas City, Mo. San Francisco.— New comb, per lb, while. 12'ail4; amber. l()q!12; extracted, w.tter-white, 5'4(gi6; light-am- ber, 6@65^; dark, 4%^b. Beeswax, 26(a2S. Ernest B. Schaeffle, Dec. 22. Murphys, Cal. .Albany. — Honey market is dull and lower, with holders urging s^le. and dealers pretty w> II filled up and cold weather cracking the honey and lessening the demand. Beekeepeis make a great mistake in not marketing their honey tarlv in the ."-eason when all Gondii ions a- e favorable We can quote only nomi- nal prices now for conib honey in good order, for we have to make concessions from anv prices in order to sell. Fancy, white, 15: No. 1 13(^1354; any thing else 10@13, according to how we strike customers. MacDougai, & Co., Dec. 18. 375 Broanway, Albany, N. Y. Toledo. — The hoiu y mai kr t is as quiet as usual at this time of the year but we look for a belter demand after the holidays. Prices, however, remain the same as last advice. Griggs Bros. ^^ Dec. 21. Toledo, O. Schenectady. — Honey market very quiet and the prices lower; 16c is the lop for fancv white: white grades a little off. sell at I2fw 14: buckw htat, 12(0-13 Extracted is moving very slowly, and we d'l not look for any better conditions until the middle of next month Chas McCulloch, Dec. 19, 1903. Schentciady, N. Y. MiL^'.^UKEF. — The condition of this market for honey is not far removed Irom where we stood at last report. The supply is generous, and generally good quality. Demund is not as yood as we desire, yet we aienow looking for improved demand as the new year opens and the holiday trade in the fancy goods line is over: then the ^ood people will be wise e ough to buy and eit honey. We quote fancy sections, I3fail4; A No. I. I2V4''* 13 extracte I in barrels, pa Is. and cans, •white, 6^(ft8; daik, 6i4(a7 J4. Beesw ax, 2Sfr .30 A. V. Bishop & Co., Dec. 16. 119 Buffalo St , Milwaukee, Wis. Buffalo.— Our market on honey is very slow and diaggy. It is not because pries ate high. It is all owing to a lack of dem nd I think the re tai grocers ask too much, and pe )ple do not buv because the price is too high Fancy, white comb ]ZV,(rill A No. 1. whitecomb. I3WI3'<,; No. I, white comb 12^'n 13; No. 2, 11(0(12 No 3 white cimb. l(i@ll: No. I dark comb, lira) 2; No. 2 darkcomb. 10(5;l 1; white extracted. 654(0,7; dark extracted, 5a 6 Beeswax. 28(a),.32. W. C Townsend, Dec, 28. 178 & 180 Perry St., Buflalo, N. Y. Boston. — The demand for honey continues good with an ample supply of comb and a light supply of extracted. We qnoie: Fancy white comb, 16'a 17; No. 1 14(a).15, and practically no No. 2 to offer. E'itracled, 7(a;8. as to quality. Blake, Scott & Lee, Dec. 21. Boston, Mass. For Sale. — 720 lbs. of white clover honey in 60 lb. cans, at 7 cts. H. Van Vranken. Union City, Mich. For Sale.— 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in ca.ses of t wo new 60-Ib. cans each, at 7^ cts. per lb.; 33-51b. barrels at 7 cs. per lb. G W. Wilson, R R. No 1, Viola, Wis. For Sale. — Choice white alfalfa h-ney in Aikin honey-b-igs, at 8c per lb. In can^. sanje piice. Amber honey, iu cans, 7c. J. A Green, Grand Junction, Col. For Sale. — Thirty 1 arrels choice extracted white- clovei honey Can put it up in any style of package desired. Write for prjces, menliouiug style of pack- age, and quantity wanted Sample mailed on receipt of three cents iu P. O. stamps. Emil J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Hancock Lo., 111. For Sale. —Extracted honey. Finest grades for ta- ble use. Prices quoted on application. Sample by mail, 10 cts. to pay for package and postage. Orel L,. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buflalo, N. Y. For Sale. — Clover or buckwheat extracted honey, in 165-lb. kegs. Wiite for piices. .Sample 8c. C. B. Howard, Romulus, N. Y. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value f r beeswax at any time of the year Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hii dreth & Segelken. 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. l'^M)4 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. For Sai-b.— 100(1 lbs. No. 1 white conih, at IJc, and 2000 lbs. No. 1 extracted, at 7^c VV. I). Soper, Route 3, Jackson, Mich. For Salk. — ."iOOO lbs. of fine comb and extracted hon- ey, mostly all comb. 1,. Wurnkr, Box oK7. Edwardsvil.e, 111. For Sale— Fancy basswood and white-clovT hon- y: 6(1 lb rans 8c; 2 cans or more, 7 '-^c; bbis , 7^c. "E R. Pahl & Co.. 294 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. Fr>R Salk. — Fancy and A No. 1 comb honev from alfalfa, in Danzenhaker -1x5 sections. Write for prices. Wm. Morris, Route 1, Las Animas, Col. Wanted— Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — Honey. Selling fancv white. 15c: amber, 13c We are in the market for either local or car lots of comb honey. Wriie us. Evans & Turner. Columbus, Ohio. Wanted. — Comb honey. We have an unlimited de- mand for it at the right price. Add ess, giving quanti- ty, what gathered from, and lo ■ est ca.sh price at your depot. Stale also how picked. Thos, C Si ANi.EY & Son, Fairfield III., or Manzauola, Colo. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. We will he in the market for honey the coming .sea- son in cirUiadsand less than carloads, and would be glad to heai from producers everywhere what they will have to oTer. Seavev &'Fi,arsheim, 1318— l:-i24 Union Avenue, KansMs City. Mo. An Egg-tester Free. The Cem folding eg- tfster, as s' own below, is a most useful ap araius constructed in a reall\ ingen- ious anri scientific manner. It will tell yo'i whether an egg is fresh, stale, or bid. This tester can be used in the day time as well as at night. It will never get out of order, and will, when handled with ordinary care, last a lifetime. A whole case of egg- can be tested in five minutes, and the tester will rt port the exact con- dition of the eggs w'th H pronitjlness tha never fails. A limited number of these testers will be given awav free: and if jou will .send lo George H S'ahl, Quincy lU., he will send you one free of charge if y u will mention Gi.E nings in Bi-.e Culture. He will also send you fi.ll directions for testing eggs, boih for table use and hatching purposes together with a hand- some new catalog contnining 14 colored views of incu- bators and btooders including one showing the ' De- velopment of the Chick " from the first lo the twenty- first day. Write at once, for the supply is limited. A Lesson in Advertising. In their 1901 calendar just received, N. W. Ayer & Son haveahered to their popular conc< pti)n of a bus- iness calendar, but hav changt d the design and color- ing The size is the same, about fourteen by twenty- eight inches, wiih large readable dates but the clny modeled design prinltd in sepia tints gives more prominence to their well-known motto, " Keeping Everlastingly At It Brings Success; " not a bad thing. by the way, for business people, and most other peo- ple, to have before them throughout the year. The blank spaces occurring e ich month contain terse preachments n business getting, advtriis ng in gen- eral and N W. Ayer & Son's tnelho s of advertising in particular, the whole loiniing a very interesting and instructive les.son in productiv publicity. It is geiierMlly coticeded that this advertising agency antiually expends more moi ey for advertising than any other concern of.the kind, which fact lends inter- est to their utteiaiices on the subject. Keqnesls for this calendar addressed to their Phila- delphia ofifice, accompaii ed by twenty-five ce"ts to cover cost and postage, will be taken car^- of for the prcieut. I^ast year the supply lasted barely ten days. San Franoisco, California Season lilOl. Root's Sections. Specialties. Sundries, Danzt'iiViaker Hives, etc , in stock ihere exclusively) Jan, lo for prompi shipment, at prices lower than can be had by deiling direct. Send your orders 'o us. Also Dadant & Son's Foundation, best Dove'ailed Hives on the market. 8 and 10 fra"ie, regulation pat- tern and furnit ire. Special prices on qnaiitiiy orders. SWIITHS' CASH STORE (Inc.) 25 Market St., San Francisco. Californii, U.S.A. Seeds, Trees, Plants, Bulbs. The liest at reasonable prices. Bulbs at bargain prices; 3.5 graiiil spring-lif'Oming bulbs, sent, postpaid, for 30 cts. The Ijiilbs and our Hatdy Ma uolia sent, postpaid, for 50 cts. F' r II) cts. will send s x packets of our new, early vegetables, SPECI.\L, NKW, EXTEA-EAKLY VARIETIES. Send for our Free B.irgain Iji-t and Catalog. Send us your list of Nurserv Stock PI mts, Seed Potatoes, Roses, etc., W.I Mted, and we will quote special jirices. Northern-grown Seed Potatoes our specialty. T C. Furnas & Co., Indianapolis, Indiana. BEE JOURNAL FREE I will give sub.scriptions to bee journals with bee- supply orders. Cheapest place in Michigan to buy. Send for list explaining. W. D. SOPER, R. D. 3. Jackson, Micli. POULTRY JOURNAL ^.^ 'I'tlfJl^^?^^ a dollar, but will send it to you one year on trial, including book. Plans for Poultry Houses, for 26c. Samfile copy FREE. Inland Poultry Journal, Indianapolis, lud. 1000 Pounds Beeswax """".Ifreh^- DR. GEORGE D. MITCHELL, 340 4th St., OGDEN, UTAH. Cn COLONIES BEES FOR $100. Roots queens and UU hives, 8 and 10 frame, part ch^ff Good stores. C. W. RINCLEff, - LODi. OHIO. For Sale at Bargains — Three Incubitors; fine, black Mino ca Cocktels, 75c to|' each; tumblered honey, 80c per dozen. G. Routz.a,hn, Biglerville, fa. pOR SALE.— 75 colonies of bees packed in chaff, on ^ summer stands; also 200 lbs of comb honey. Routes. H. WII^BER, Morenci, Mich. Mr. A. 9. Root's Writings of Grand Traverse territory and I,eelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful section reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets of Micbigas farm lands a&d the frnit \)eU, address J. E. Merritt, Manistee, Michigan. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. ] Gleanings in Bee Culture ;Esti.OO, tn advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 ctnts per year for postage. />iseon,(iOfi. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association : To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership. $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers : W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Jlich., President. J. U. Harris. Grand Junction, Col., Vice president. George W. York, Chicago, 111., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. INIgr. and Treas. Board of Directors: E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser. 10 Vine St.. Phildadelphia, Pa. R. C. AlKlN, I.,oveland. Colorado. P. H. Elwood. Starkville. N. Y. E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio. Udo ToEPPERWEiN, San .\iitonio. Texas. G. M. DOOLITTLE. Borodino, N. Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. H.-\mbauoh, p;scondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller. Marengo, Illinois. CONVENTION NOTICES. The annual meeting of the Southeastern Minnesota and Western Wisconsin Bee keepers' Association will meet at Winona. Minn., at the County Commissioners' rooms, in the court-house on Jan 19 and '20. A full at- tendance of members, and their wives and friends, is solicited. W. K. Bates. Pres. Stockton, Minn. The annual meeting of the New York State Associa- tion of Bee-keepers' Societies will be held in the City Hall, Syracuse, on Friday. Jan. 15. N E. France, w". Z. Hutchinson, and other prominent bee-men will be in attendance. An interesting program is being pre- pared. All interested in bees are invited to attend. Special rates have been secured at the Manhattan Ho- tel, for accommodations. C. B. HO'ward, Sec'y Romulus, N. Y. The annual meeting of th*" Oswego C". Bee-keepers' Association will be held at Oswego, N. Y., Jan. 12. N. E. France, General Manager of the National, will be present to address the meet ng. All interested in bee? are invited. C. B. .Allen, Sec'y Central Square, N. Y. The Michigan State Bee-keepers' Association will hold its annual convention. Thuisday and Friday. Feb. 25 and '26, at the Agricultural College. The Michigan State Dairymen's convention will meet at the same place, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, and the round-up institute of the farmers' ins'itutes will In- held at the same place from Feb '2S to "26. One session of the dairymen's convention will be a joint session with the tust tu^e, and one sess on of the bee-keepers' convention will be a joint session with the institute. There will be half fare on all Michigan railroads. Dinner and supper can be secured at the College; but visitors will have to go to Lansing for breakfast and lodging. There is an electric line that takes passen- gers from the College to L,ansing for five cents. W. Z. Hutchinson L>eam A.dvertisin^ at Home. The best advertising school is advertising experi- ence ; but this comes higher than rao<;t of us are able to reach. Yet that need not bar those who are desir- ous of learning more about advertising from gaining a wider knowledge of this great subject. You may learn about advertising, and what is lu cessary to make you a successful advertising man, by reading and fol- lowing the advice given in that bright little monthly magazine, "Cl.'VSS Advertising." Through its col- umns every i,ssue you have the experience of those of recognized ability in the advertising world. It is "true blue and pure gold," devoted largely to adver- tising in cla.ss lines having to do with our great Amer ican agricultural interests, with special reference to intormation along farm machiner\-, live stock, nurse r>-, seeds, and poultry lines. It is edited by Frank B White, who has been at it seventeen years. Take advantage of our special bargain-diy offer, two years, twenty-four times, fifty cents Any one num- ber is worth double this sum in sensible, helpful infor- mation, good for every one. but especially valuable to those desiring more light on the advertising subject. Sample copy, ten cents. .Address Class .Advertis- ing, CaxtonBuilding, Chicago, 111. A Guarantee That Guarantees. We desire to call special attention to the guaran- tee made poultry raisers by the Cyphers Incubator Co,, Buffalo, N. v. They warrant their incuba- tors for ten years, and guaran- tee that thej- will hatch a larger percentage of fertile eggs and produce more vigorous chicks than any other incubator in the v/orld, at the same time con- suming less oil and retjuiring less attention. As the guarantee is backed by a large and responsible company, it certainly means something to our readers. They agree to refund the purchase price in case the purchaser does not get satisfactory re- sults. The Cyphers incubator, .isisnow well known, is con- structed on a patented princi pie entirtrly different from any other machine on the market; it is absolut;ly self-ventilating, selt- regiilating, requires no supplied moisture, is automatic inaction and has the most sensitive and accurate regulator made. The company carries in addition a full lineof "poultryman's necessities," standard articles specially prepared for the puul. tryman who wants to niake money. They will send their new complete catalog for 1904 free it yuu tell tiiein that you are ooe of our readers. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. I. J. Stringfham, New York, keeps in stock several car-loads of Apiarian Supplies of the latest pat- terns, and would be pleased to mail you his 1S)04 catalog. Bees in season. Apiaries, Glen Cove, L. I. Sales Rooms, 105 Park PI., New York. TIlis space is reserved for JOHN M. DAVIS, The Tennessee Queen=breeder. QUE£:NS! ATTENTION! QUEENS! During 1904 we will raise and offer you our best queens. Untested, $1.00 each: $5.00 for 6; 89.00 for 12 Tested queens, $1.50 each; best breeders, J5 00 each. One. two, and three frar.-e nuclei a specialty. Full colonies, and bees by the car-load. Prompt attention to your orders, and safe arrival guaranteed. Satis- faction will be our constant aim. We breed Italians. Carniolans, Cyprians, and HoIy-I,ands. in separate yards, 5 to 25 miles apart. Our stock can not be excelled in the world, as past records prove. New blood and the best to be had. Queens will be reared under the supervision of E. J. Atchlev. a queen-breeder for SO years. Write for catalog telling how to rear queens, and keep bees for profit. THE SOUTHLAND QUEEN, $1.00 per year. THe Jennie Atchley Co., Box 18, Beeville, Tex. ♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦»♦ ♦ ♦ AND- GLEANINGS IN BEE, CULTURE X : : ^ -<^ ^/ye AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL jS^ ^ t ♦ (If you are not now a subscriber to the American Bee Journal.) ♦ ■BOTH ONE YEAR FOR ONLY $1.00.- E HAVE made arrang-ements with the publishers of The American Bee Journal (issued weekl}'), so that we can furnish that magazine with Glean- ings in Bee Culture — both one year for but $1.60; provided j'ou are not now a subscriber to The American Bee Journal. This is a magnificent oifer, and should be taken advantage of by all of our readers who are not now getting The American Bee Journal regu- larly. These papers, although on the same subject, are conducted so differently, and contain such a variety of reading matter, that every bee-keeper should have them both. And they can be had for a whole year for $1.60. Address all orders to S>6e A. I. ROOT COMPANY. MEDINA. OHIO. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ Maple=Sugar Makers, Get Out of Old Rut. It Pays. " No Risk. THE QRIMM Sap spout. Tapping Tools, and Covers are perfect. Guaran- teed increa,se in yield more ihan pays the investment in one season. Othervyise return purchase at my expense Only one bore. No injury to trees, and better quality. Proper tapping only possible with the Grimm system. System and samples free. Don't Delay Ordering Q. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt. f Frtiit-g^rowers \ Regular price 50 cents. read the best fruit-paper. SEND TEN CENTS and the names and addresses of ten good fruit growers toSOUXHERN FRUIX "^~^"~ GRO'WE^R., Chattanooga, for six months' trial subscription. Best authority on fruit-growing. Sample free if you mention this paper. J GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 Over 15 Months co%s for only $1. To a New Subscriber to the WEEKLY AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. To new subscribers for 1904 (at $1.00) we will send all the numbers of the Bee Journal (so long- as they last,) if requested, containing the Los Angeles Convention Report of the National Bee=Keepers' Association. C^=^ -•^ This will be over a quarter of a year's numbers FREE, or 68 copies in all, for only a dollar. Now is the time to suoscribe. See the December numbers of Gleanings for what the Weekly American Bee Journal contains. A Solid Gold Fountain Pen. Finally , we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in price, '1 he ruanuiacturei s nt this Pcu s-ay that if jou pay rnoie thaa $1.25 lor otbprii'untainpensjii'slorihenanie. 1 his Pea i« ahbolutel> euarautf ed to work perfectly, and give sat- isfaction. The Gold Mibs . re 14 kt , p 'in ted with j-elecied Iridium. Ttie Holders are pure Para Rubber, haodsomelx fini.'-hed. 'J he r-imple feeder ffives a uniform flow of ink. Eath pen is packed in a neat box, wiih di- rections and Filler. Hew To Get This Fountain Pen. We send it postpaid fur $1.25, by return mail, or with the Weekly American Bee Journal a whole >ear, f>^r $2.00. This Fountain 'Pen would be a f pl^ndid pift to a friend or relative. Why not order both Pen and Journal lor s»i/me bee-keeper as a present? The Novelty Pocket=Knife, Yoor Name on the Knife. —When ordericg, be sure to say just what name a^-d address you wish put on the Kuife. The Novelty Kn'fe is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the handle. It is mace bejuiifully ot iodestrui t'blt- tuUuloid, which is as transparetit as glass. Underneath tiie celluloid, on tme side of tbe handle, IS plaiPd the n^ra^ and resid nee I'f any one desir- d, and on the oiher side pictures ot a yueen. Drone aud Worker, as sho au heie. The Mater'al enterirg into this celebrated kni*'<> is of tbe very best quality ; 1 Ue blades •<> i e band forjii d out of tbe very fint st Kng iah raZ')r- Meel, and w« warrant every blade, 'i be bo'strrs are made of (iermau silver, and w. 11 nevt-r ru<^t or corrcde. Therivets aie hardened German silver ■wiip; tbe liuirts are p'ate brass; the back springs of Sbeffield spring steel, ai d tbe fini«h o< the handle as described above. It will last a lile-i.me, with proper usage. Why Own th-i Novelty Knife? In case a pood knife is lost, the chances are ine ( %vD»-r wul nevt-r lecover ii ; but if the " Novelty" is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return ii; otherwise to try to destroy the name and address, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and vou meet w itb n serious accident, ard are so tort una teas to have one I'f the " Novelties," your Pocket Knifb will seive as ai identifier: and in case of death, jour rciaiives vs ill at once be notified of the aci-dent. How appropriate this knife is for a present! WViat more lasting metrenio could a moiher >;ivr to a s«,n, a wife to a hu-band, a i ister to a bro her, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having the name of the re- cipient on one side ? The accompanying cut gives a fa'nt idea, but rannot fully convey an exact represenration of this beautiful knile, as the "Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated. How to Qet this Valuab'e Knife. — We send it postpaid for $1.25, or with the Weekly American i)ee Journal fur one year, both for $2.00. Please allow about two weeks for your Knife order to be filled. ,^^"To those new subscribers who take either the Knife or Pen with the "Weekly American Bee Journal (at $2 00), we will also send the back numbers beginning- with the National Convention Report, as stated above, so long as they last. Sample Copy of Bee Journal free for the asking. Send all orders to GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & m6 E. Erie St.. CHICAGO, ILL. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. OUTGREW OUR OLO QUARTERS ! The crowing- demands of a RAPIDLY INCREASING BUSINESS have moved us. We are now located at 51 NA/A.I-NUT We have increased facilities, and a new, well -supplied up to- date stock. Every thine: that bee-keepers need and demand, "^he Best Bee Supplies in A.nierica.. Special discount for early orders Send for catalog-. Queen bees and nuclei in season. THE FRED W. IVIUTH CO., 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, 0. BEWARE THE RUT! Are you making money out of bee-? You may some years, but do you every year? Even if you do, couldn't you make still more? Aren't there some radical changes that might be made which would make your business still more profitable, and place it upon a more substantial basis? Perhaps you are keeping about the same number of bees year after year, managing them in the same » ay each succeeding year, and getting results that seldom reach the high-water mark. In short, did it ever oc- cur to you that possibly you might have fallen into a rul? ]f you have, wouldn't you like to know it and be helped out? The Bee-keepers' Review is leading and encourag- ing bee keepeis to consider earnestly their conditions, with a \iew to their improvement by radical changi s — even to a change of location if necessary it is even turning its attention to the looking-up of good loca- tions. If you are keeping a few bees, or struggling along, scarcely " making both ends meet," Viy the niJinage- ment of a single apiary, the reading of the Review for the coming year may suggest such changes that will lift your feet out of the rut, and place them upon the mountain-top of prosperity. For in.etance, the Review is about to make a special- ty of publishing articles from men who have developed S} stems, method-:, and short-cuts whereby one or two men have managed several apiaries, and made Tnoi\ey. To begin with, Mr. E. D. Townsend, who manages an apiary by only three or four visits a year, will begin in January a series of articles giving his methods in detail. Mr. K. F. Atwater, of Boise, Ida., who, last year, with one helper, managed 11 apiaries, scattered about Irom 7 to 16 miles from home, will al.so have a long article in the January issue. Special 0'ffer--There are still on hand from 75 to 100 sets of back numbers for 190{, and, as long as they last, a set will be sent free to every one who sends $1.00 for the Review for 1904. These back num- bers con'ain a lot of useful information, and — a man can not know too much about his business. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, MicK. MarsHfield Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog- and price list. XShe MarsHfield Manufacturing Company, Marshileld, MTis. 10 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 Our New Catalog is Now Ready. Sixty-eighit Pa^es Illustrating, describing, and listing all of the standard, finest, and up-to date articles used by Bee-keepers. SEND FOR A COPY AT ONCE. Discount for Early Orders ! TKree Per Cent During; January. LeM'^is* Orke«piece HigKly PolisKed Sections are Perfect. Fifteen Million Sold I^ast Year. All parts of our hives are made to fit accurately ; perfect workmanship and fin- est material. No trouble to set them up ; our customers say it is a pleas- ure. We are not selling goods on Name Only, but on their quality. Twenty Thousand additional square feet of floor space just added to our plant. We have over 45,000 square feet of floor space. We certainly can take care of your orders prompth^ — Remember that. Two New Features. Our Acme Hive, the shallow- body style, simple and cheap. Our New Wisconsin Hive, front portico, and the same inside arrangement as the resrular Dovetailed. One of Many. New Haven, la., June 27, 1903. G. B. Lf:\vis Co., Watertown, Wis. Gkntlemen: — I must say something in regard to the goods you have sent me. They are very good, and I received them in fine condition, and consider same cheap. Some people make their own hives, but I think this is a foolish plan when you can get goods like these, well made, neatly finished, and in such perfect condition. I have used 1000 sections and find every thing all right. If anybody wants to know where to send for the best bee-supplies tell him to write to me. Bennie Diederich. Complete List of A.gencies M/^ill Be Found in Catalog. G. B. Lewis Company, Manufacturers Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Watertow^n, "Wis., - U. S. A. . DELVoT E.D " •To'BE.EL3 •AND Hon EY- ,i •AHDHOML- '^ •1NTE.F5EST6- Tublishedb/THEA I r\OoY Co $l°»P[RVtAR '\@ Hedina-Ohio Vol. XXXII. JAN. I, J 904. No. I Those cell cups in wood, p. 1050, what doj'ou furnish them for? [There is soon to be issued a little treatise on queen-rearing- by the Root Co., and in this will be a price list of tools, appliances, and materials for the rearing- of queens. — Ed.] A CORRESPONDENT asks what I would advise as to hives, frames, etc. For comb hon- ey, sing-le-wall eight-frame hives (ten frame if they can not have much attention), Mil- ler frames (perhaps Hoffman if no bee-glue) wired or with foundation splints, full sheets of foundation in frames and sections; the same for extracting-, only ten frames; pos- sibly shallow frames for extracting-super; cover with dead-air space; deep bottom- boards. Has Aikin, along with other Coloradoans, a monopoly of the paper-bag- package? For alfalfa honey seems to be more given to granulating than any other leading sort in this country, and it is possible that other kinds might not work in paper bags — at least not without draining. [It is my per- sonal opinion that Eastern honey should be fully drained before it is put up in bags. In our next issue we will describe an oyster- pail for putting up candied honey. — Ed.] M. A. Gill springs a new thing on us, p. 1055 — gives starters to a swarm and gets % per cent worker comb. He ought to know — undoubtedly does know — that the bees have on their statute-books a law that, for the first ten or twelve days, a swarm is to build worker comb, and after that a fair amount of drone comb. Now see the unfair advantage that man Gill takes of the bees: he doubles the force of bees, so that in the first ten or twelve days the}' get their brood- chamber filled, and then when they're ready to build drone comb there's no room for it. So you're going to camp on my trail, Mr. Editor, p. 1041. All right, but remem- ber that trails sometimes go in a circle, and it may be well for you to keep an eye out rearward. In the meantime I can be looking up the prices of automobiles. [1 will be very moderate in my demands for an automobile. One costing somewhere be- tween S4000 and S5000 would suit me very well, I will buy the plug hat if you will get the auto. Say yes, and we will call it a bargain. — Ed.] Apis mellifica is mentioned, page 1047. Isn't that niellifera nowadays? [Apis mel- lifica is the term used by Cowan and Chesh- ire in referring to the hive bee, and by Prof. Comstock, of Cornell, in a recent work on entomology. The same term is also rec- ognized by the great Centurj' Dictionary, the International, and the Standard. The only authority that I have run across so far that uses Apis tuellifera in a late work is Prof. Cook. I can not now find Benton's work; but my impression is be uses Apis mellifica. Either is right, but the first is more common. — Ed.] Thos. Chantry says, :n American Bee Journal, " I saw 7 worker- bees backed in a comb as far as their wings would let them at one time; and after killing these 7, I soon killed 23 more that were backed into the same comb. So I came to the conclu- sion that laying workers are unlimited in number when they get started." That cor- roborates what a transatlantic scientist proved in an entirely different way: he dissected the bees of a laying- worker colo- ny, and found the most of them contained eggs. I never caught more than one work- er in the act of laying, and that was in a worker-cell. It looked so very uncomforta- ble, with its wings pushed up about its neck, that I don't wonder laying workers prefer larger cells in which to lay. [I think we may now call it pretty well set- tled that there is apt to be more than one laying worker in a laying-worker colony. 12 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 Some little time ago 1 challenged Dr. Mil- ler for the proof, and I hereby acknowledge its receipt. If any one else has seen a plu- rality of fertile workers in the act of laying, I wish he would hold up his hand. While we are getting proof, let us have plenty of it.— Ed.] The American Bee-keeper Yy^n^ the ranks of those who prefer four- piece to one piece sections, and " would prefer to pay the market price for the four- piece style rather than to accept as a gift the folding kind." I wonder, now, I wonder, if it can be that a large number prefer the four-p ece. I must confess that I changed to the one-piece, not because I liked them better, but because I wanted to be in the fashion. [If I am not mistaken, this preference for four-piece sec- tions will be found to be confined very largely to certain limited localities — Ver- mont, New York, and Michigan. There was a time when ihe one piece sections had more of a tendency to assume the diamond shape than now, and this was responsible for the preference for the four- piece goods. However, it is pleasant to know there will be a good many who will be perfectly will- ing to go back to the four- piece sections when the time comes that the lumber for the one-piece is no more to be had except at prohibitive prices. — Ed.] Editor Hutchinson thinks a plain board cover cleated to prevent warping "is all right for a large majority of localities;" and Editor Root savs. "There is nothing better than the old fl it cover " I'm much surprised that two m n who look as in- telligent as they do should talk that sort of stuff. C'eats don't prevent warping; and if they did they can't prevent twistinji, and twisting is worse than warping. Besides, we want a cover with a dead-air sp ice, so as to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter. A cover is the last thing about a hive on which to economize. A good cover can't be m^de with' ut c sting something, and it's worth all it costs. [But neither one of us, doctor, intimated that the old fl it cover was perfect; for, speaking for myself, I never saw any cover of any construction that would not warp, twist, or check, somc- whit. The plain elected boird for most lo- calities had as few faults as any cover I ever saw; but, as I have aire idy explained, a single board is now out of the question for most localities because of is cost. — Ed] " A CONFINEMENT of six wccks in chaff hives outdoors during the cold weather ought to put the bees into condition where they will stay in the new location if they were moved before they had a fly," p. 1043. Correct. Also, the same in other than chaff hives. Also, in cellar as well as outdoors. Also, in hot as well as — yes. better than — in cold weather, for a much shorter confine- ment is necessary. In hot weather half a day's confinement or less will make them stay pretty well wherever put, providing they do a sufficient amount of worrying trying to get out. [But is it not dangerous, especially for a beginner, to shut up bees in hot weather for moving to a new loca- tion? That is, are the bees not liable to suffer from want of air? In forming nuclei, in the springtime and summer, it is our regular practice to shut up the entrances for two or three days, then open them up, at the end of whxh time the bees will stay with very little difficulty. While this prac- tice would be perfectly safe with very weak colonies, it might cause the loss of some strong stocks treated in a like manner. But, say! we can get around the difficulty by putting on an upper story with a wire- cloth top, then putting a shade- board over the whole. The regular moving screen could be used very well for this purpose. But it is well to bear in mind that those who have full- sized colonies to move a short distance can do it best in winter. — Ed.] Geo. W. Phillips is giving us some in- teresting stuft" about queen rearing, p. 1048. The problem is to know how much of it is for professional queen-rearers and how much for us little fellows who merely rear queens for our own use — for example, that argument, p. lOiO, as to the advantage of queen-right colonies. There are times when not one of the four points applies to some of us who are working for honey chiefly. [If one desires to rear his own queens, especiallj' if he wishes to requeen his old apiar3', he had better follow the inodus operandi de- scribed, for he will thus save time and also insure a better quality of queens. It maj' take a little more time with the first batch; but after one has familiarized himself with it he will find it a real pleasure, and an actual saving in time. And then it is true that there are many large bee-keepers who have anywhere from 300 to 1000 colonies, and there are a few whose colonies run up into the 2000 mark. Such bee-keepers can hardly afford to buy all their queens, and therefore it behooves them to use the latest and best methods known to queen rearing science. The general plan outlined by Mr. Phillips is a modification of several plans tested out in an experience in rearing thousands of queens in our own yards. The small bee-keeper may, perhaps, get all the surplus queens he needs from swarm- ing-cells found in some of his best colonies. —Ed ] A CELLAR with no outside door has in southeast corner a bee-room 9X12, with window opening in woodshed under well platform, chaff sack in window. This in New York State. I am asked whether this is ventilation enough. I think so. if w indow is 3 ft. by 1 or larger, and chaff pretty loose. What says ye editor? [ This matter of ventilation, I am coming to believe, de- pends largely on locality. At Medina, which is much warmer than Marengo, I am sure, very sure, that more ventilition is required, because, when it becomes very warm outf^oors, considerably above the freezing-point, it is apt to be warm in the cellar. Warmth arouses the activity of the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 13 bees, causing- a greater consumption of air. If the air is foul, the bees become uneas3% fl_v out on the cellar bottom, and die. Some late experiments this winter have shown exactl}' this. We have repeatedly proven, in our locality at least, that fresh air quiets the bees. To answer your question specifi- cally, I will state that the ventilation men- tioned, for New York, if in the northern part of the State, might be sufficient through the window opening out under the wood- shed. But at Medina, on warm days, the bees would require a good deal more air than could percolate through that chaff cushion. Doolittle and Ira Barber live in localities much colder than ours, and they recommend no ventilation. Mr. Barber es- pecially is clear up in the northern part of the State; and it is possible that in such localities fresh air is more disturbing- than the ordinary air in the cellar, because it arouses the bees to activity. — Ed. J Mr. Phillips finds that "bees will build drone comb after a swarm is shaken, the same as before." Is that peculiar to Ja- maica, or do shaken swarms difl^er so much from natural ones? It has been given as a rule, perhaps never contradicted, that a natural swarm would build worker comb almost if not quite entirely until half the frames are filled, then more or less drone comb. [This has been referred to Mr. Phil- lips, who replies: This depends entirely upon conditions, such as the strength of the shaken swarm, the age of the queen it con- tains, the amount of honey ci ming- in, etc. I shook some 2uO strong swarms on starters the last year I was in Jamaica. T he re- sult was g-ood so far as honey production was concerntd; but, drone comb! As Dr. Miller intimates, there is generally some worker comb built at the tops of the frames; but in some instances the drone comb equals and even exceeds this. I am not prepared to say whether shaken swarms would act in the same manner at Medina, as all of ours were put on full sheets of foundation. In my opinion, however, they would act similarly.— G. W. P.J A. I. Root, wants "reports encourag- ing." Well, here's mine: 124 colonies were increased to 284, and gave 18,466 pounds (20,05* sections) of honey. Putting it just as it was: 100 colonies run for honey gave 184;^ pounds (200^^ sections) per colony; and 24 colonies run for increase gave 666;^ per cent increase. [This is, indeed, en- couraiiing, and I congratulate you on such an excellent showing; but I think I am safe in saying it is away beyond your general average, season after season. When I first took charge of the journal we used to have a department called " Re- ports Encouraging." Nearly every one of our subscribers who had dune well would send in his report some time during the season. Those who had obtained only mea- ger results, or who had had a poor season, would, as a rule, keep still, for the average man does not like to parade his failures. lu the process of time I noticed we had complaints from our subscribers who said Reports Encouraging did not afford a fair index of the possibilities of bee-keeping, since bee- keepers would not report common or average results, because very few would send in their reports of failures for the de- partment of " Reports Discouraging. " My own view of the matter is that the statisti- cal reports that we now gather from bee- keepers from all over the country, who are in position to report for their own locality, summarized and given to the public just after \he general honey- flow, are of much more value than these occasional reports telling ot good or extraoi dinaiy yields. In other words, when one embarks in the busi- ness he should not base his expectations on the Reports Encouraging which are above the average, but on the reports based on a series of >ears or a report covering the en- tire country, giving the average of wh^t has been done in nearl}' every portion of the United States. Now, in saying all this I do think it is interesting and valuable to know what can be done and what has been done by expert bee keepers in a good 3'ear. Your report is one of the best, lor the number of colonies, I ever read for this part of the country. To get an average of nearly 200 lbs. of comb honey per colony is something extraordina- ry for the Middle and Eastern States. Some parts of the West, especially Califor- nia, have been known to show up an aver- nee of 400 lbs. for each of 500 colonies. Yes, I believe we had one report of an aver- age of SOO lbs. fiom nearly 10 0 colonies. Sav, doc'or, my, oh mv! I note that you had "l8,466 lbs., or 20,051 sections. Why didn't you have each of vour sections weigh just an even full pound? Why, there must be something " rotten " in Marengo as well as in wicked Chicago — eh? — Ed.] y^eiefiboKSJleldj By BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. A correspondent asks the editor what constitutes a suitable place in which to keep honey; and he also wishes to know how to prevent cloudiness atter granula- tion. The editor's answer is worth re- membering: The main point in preventing fermentation is to avoid .slorin? awav any honrv not Ihoruughly well ripened. The thin' portion, which rises to the top of the bulk, after being kept for a fewd-i\s in a warm place, sh uld he krpt apait and u^^ed first. The thick- er hoiiev which, of court^e sinks to the bottom of the bulk, will keep and not be liabl" to ferment if kept in a fairly warm and drj' place. When jarring ofiF, Ut the 14 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 stream of honey flow into the center of the jar, and not so quickly as to allow any vacuum for air between the honey and the sides of the jars. Here's a waj' the Eng-lish have of teach- ing- the rising- generation something about the mysteries of the hive; and it's a good way too — through "eye-gate," as Dr. Tal- raage used to call it. A lecture was given before the Children's Guild, at Manston Schoolruom, Cross Gates, near I,eeds, by Mr. Gilsou. over seventy children being present, besides numerous bee keepers and adults. The lecture, which was one of a series on natural-history subjects, was il- lustrated by over thirty lantern slides ; and Mr. Gil- son told how the queen, living five years would lav from 200,000 to 400,000 eggs per annum (110 times her own weight); and as she olten lays from 2000 to 8000 eggs per day, and sometimes twice her own weight, she lays during her lifetime upward of 1,500,000 eggs, which, if put end to end, would reach 1% miles. In speaking of pure English honey as contrasted with imitation hone}', S. Baring- Gould, author of that celebrated h3mn. Onward, Christian soldiers. Marching as to war, says in one of his books: From the blossoms of the furze the bees derive their aroniatic honey which makes that of Dartmoor su preme. -Yet bee-keeping is a diffirulty there, owing to the gales that sweep tlie busy insects awaj-, so that they fail to find their direction home. Only in shel- tered hives can they be kept. The much relished Swiss honey is a manufactured product of glycerine and pear juice ; but Dartmoor honey is the sublimated essence of ambrosial sweetness in taste and sivor, drawn from no other source than the chalices of the golden furze, and compounded with no adventitious matter. Now, who has some Dartmoor honej' for sale, either comb or extracted? EL COLMENERO ESPANOL. Continuing his review of bee culture in the various countries of the world, the edi- tor has this to say of Austria, which I take from the Spanish: This country stands fully abreast with Germany so far as apiculture is concerried. The Emperor Francis Joseph is a great enthusiast in bee matters. He has brought the prestige of his. office to bear on apiculture to the extent of instituting an academy in Vienna, for the advancement of a knowledge of bees. Over this academy the Emperor pre.sides in petson. In the va- rious functions of his office he performs no small part in the development of apicultuial interests. The railroad companies of Austria have in their warehouses bee supplies, to be distributed among their hands who may wish to Cevote themselves to the care of bees; and there are railroads that are lined with apiaries belonging to the employees of said compa- nies. The companies distribute premiums to reward those who make the best record in caring for bees. Apicultural instruction is paid for by the .state, and this teaching is done by professors who travel around from place to place. The late Empress of Austria was equallj' enthusiastic in the study of the bee, and was an honorary member of at least some of the Austrian bee keepers' societies. The whole constitutes a very pleasing picture. Speaking of Russia the editor says: In Russia, from very early times theoretical and practical apicultural schools have been established ; and the pupils therein according to an imperial de- cree of 1828, are exempt from military service. There are many thousand apiaries there, but most of them are conducted in the old-fashioned way ; however, the modern ways of keeping bees on movable frames are much better known in Russia than in Spain. AN OUT-OF- SEASON CONVERSATION; PRE- VENTION OP' AETER-SWARMS. " Say, Doolittle, have you been asleep? '" '* Well, I generally sleep some each night. But why do you ask that question, Mr. Mills?" ** Because j'ou told me last May that you would tell me in Gleanings during the summer something about preventing after- swarms, and you did not do it." "I did forget, surely. Do you remember now what you asked of me? " '• As nearly as I can remember I wished to know if a queen-cell just about to hatch, or a virgin queen, introduced into a hive immediately alter its colony had cast a prime swarm, would not prevent after- swarming by the young queen tearing down the queen cells left in the hive before they were ready to hatch; and, if so, would there not be a great advantage by furnishing the colony a laying queen much sooner than they would otherwise have one, besides stopping after-swarming? " "Your question seems very simple, and easy to answer at first thought; but as I think longer and more closely on the mat- ter I find it to embrace some of the most perplexing questions that ever come up to the thoughtful, practical apiarist. " Why so? I do not understand." " Let us talk it over from a logical stand- point, and see what we can find out in the matter. Your question would assume that, if a queen-cell or virgin queen is given to a parent colony immediately after it has cast a swarm, said queen, from the cell or oth- erwise, will go to tearing down the queen- cells left in the hive when the swarm issued therefrom. Is this rit-ht? " " Yes. That is as I intended." " I think this a mistake; for, in nineteen cases out of twenty, if the swarm is hived on a new stand the cells will «t>/ be torn down, and not once in three times where the old colony is removed to a new stand, the swarm being hived where the old colony stood — at least this has been my experience in a practice of nearly a third of a centu- ry" " I thought it would work, and neighbor Jones told me, when I put this question to him, that he was sure it would. Why will it not? '■ "Because the bees do not want those cells torn down, for in them is cradled the choicest thing they have — something that they value more than they did their own dear mother, and that which sent her out from her own home to seek a new one in some strange land; and if they consider 19(>4 (iLEAMNGS IN BEP: CULTURE. 15 those cells better thau their own mother, are they now going to sacrifice them for anj' stranger, one on which they had bestowed no care or wish? " " I had not thought about the matter in that light." " No, they will not do it, only as they are forced to do so by being thrown out of a normal condition by having all of the field- bees drawn oil" by removal of the hive from its old stand, or by the apiarist cutting off all of these queen-cells. And even in this latter case they will often kill the virgin queen given, or destroy the cell, preferring to rear a queen from their own sisters in the egg or larval form, which still remain in the hive, rather than to accept a stran- ger." " Then wh}' should neighbor Jones tell me that the virgin queen would tear down all the queen-cells in the hive?" " Probably because he had noticed some time that the queen-cells were torn down where a parent colony had given up send- ing out an after-swarm, as they verj' often do where a scarcity of honey follows the casting of the prime swarm. Then if an experience of over a score of years of care- ful watching is of .my value I can only think that your neighbor Jones is mistaken in thinking that it is the queen that does the tearing-down of the cells, for it is onlj' where the queen has access to queen cells :cithojit other bees, or in very weak nuclei, that she does the work of tearing open the cells, the workers being the main agents along this cell-tearing line. All know, who are at all familiar with the inside work- ings of a colony of bees, that, when the bees wish to protect the queen-cells, thej' can do it against the wishes of the most en- raged queen; and when they change their mind they are just as ready to secure the destruction of the inmates of the cells as is the enraged queen: so all hands turn to. ;iijd the inmates of the cells are dragged forth and cast out of the hive, with ut even a single mourner. Whenever an introduced queen is accepted by the bees, of course the cells are all torn down, and all after-swarm- ing given up; but the rule is that it does not work that way, but the cell or queen is destroyed; and unless they conclude not to swarm when the first of the queen-cells left when the swarm issued emerges from her cell, after- swarming is the result, just the same as it would have been had we not given the queen or cell, and we find we have had our labor for our pains." " If this won't work, how are we to se- cure the desired end? " " Outside of stopping after-swarming, there is generally no ' desired end ' to be accomplished." " How is that? Is not the succeeding in having a laying queen in a hive as soon after swarming as may be a desired end?" "Well, that depends altogether upon the locality and the result in the end." '* What do you mean? " " Just this: With a continuous honey-flow from the time of swarming to the end of the season there might be some gain, provided the advantages were not lost by swarming again. With such a continued honey-flow the colony having such queen given to it would hi far more likely to conclude to swarm again than would the one where the bees had their own way, and they did not get a laying queen till near the time the brood had all matured which was in the hive when the old queen left. Ask your- self what conditions bring about prime swarming, and you will understand this." " But I do not know that I could answer such a question fully, did I thus ask it." "Yes, you could. If you think a little you know that the conditions bringing about prime swarming are, plenty of brood in all stages, plenty of bees of all ages, and honey coming in from the fields. With any of these lacking, prime swarms rarely issue." " Why did you emphasize plenty of bees of all ages? " "Because, where the honey-flow keeps right up and the bees take their own course, or all after-swarming is prevented by the apiarist cutting all queen-cells after the first young queen has emerged from her cell, the colony is without a laying queen from 18 to 20 days, as a rule, which makes a break in the usual emerging of bees for that length of time, so that, when the bees from the 3'oung queen begin to emerge from their cells, the hive does not contain bees of all ages, hence such a colony rarely ever swarms again that season unless more pro- longed than we generally have it in most parts of the United States and Canada. But where a virgin queen is given, or a laying queen supplied immediately after the prime swarm issues, this break in bees is not very pronounced; hence colonies hav- ing such queens given them are quite likely to swarm with a prolonged honey-flow." " But with a honey- flow of shorter dura- tion would it not be an advantage? " " I can not think so. Where the honey- flow is mainly from one or two sources, as it is in this locality, I think such giving of a queen a positive disadvantage, for the larvae from her eggs are fed on honey which the bees are gathering from the fields, which otherwise would go into the sections, that these larva, when matured into bees, may become useless consumers of the honey of the hive, they having come on the stage of action after the honej' harvest from bass- wood is past, and before fall flowers think of giving any honey." " Well, there is more to this subject than I had any idea of. But explain a little further how it works in your locality where the bees are allowed their own way." " Where a colony has its own way, no honey is consumed by larva; for 20 days; hence that much more is saved to the bee- keeper, and the break in bees comes just at a time when their labor is not missed, no honey harvest being on at the time they be- come field laborers, while there are enough bees remaining in the hive to care for all 16 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 the brood the }'Oung' queen produces, and this brood matures into bees in just the ri^ht time to take advantage of the honey- flow fr/m Taco I'aco, the only honey leceiveu. either m Havana or Matanza-, has been from the eaily "cleaning up" extracting made e.irly in the season when prospects Were good for a bountiful flow. We have had tiovv over 35 days of continuous cool north winds and copious rains; the rains, however, reached only as lar wes as Sail Cristobal, while vege- tation is shriveling up from lack of rain at Taco T.co and Paso Real In ihis section of the country the white bciliioA'cr has opened but little ; and if warmer weather does co.::e soon, there is a chance yet tor a good flow of honey Ironi it. The tiouble is. though, that colonies have co tiacted iheir biood- rearing so much as lo be entirely too weak to do it justice, even if it does come. I remember when I first came to Cuba, in 18H1 and visited our late friend Mr. A. W Osimrn, who I might mention kept a very accurate record, both of tcinper- aiure and atino-pheric conditions, he showed me his diary (I torgel whether ot the winter of 1^S9 or lh90) which recorded a continuous 'orther of 47 days, begin- ning Dec. 12 and lasting until the latter part of J iiu- ary. during which lime the bees pot no honey what- ever. When the wtaiher di I change, however, his record of e.xtracting snowed that he took 47 tieices be- fore the clo-e of the sea.soii. It seems that we are having a repetition this year; and onr only hope is that the coming spring will be as favoraole as that o le was K. L,. Ckaycraft. Havana, Cu ^a, Dec. 21, 1903. Here is another report along the same line: As the end of the year i<= here I send in a report of results f«r the b.-nefit of ihe ones wh) are afraid of Cu^au honey ruining the American market. I have seen several thousand c loni s in the last few dajs. and have hear.l from ail the thousand-hive men 1 kno * of, as well as seeing a lot of them, and. being one of them myself, I am p isted now as to whit the honey crop will be, and cui a-sure the scared oni-s that even if we do get Ih^ 20 per-ceiit rt-ducnon in du- ty to morrow, the American market will n^^t be ruined this wintei by Cuban honey. The J) per cent i^ just 4 cts. per gallon, as the duty is now 20 cts.; so with ihe leduction we shall still have to pay It) cts on each gallon that go^ s from heie to the United ->taies And by the way. Cuha has not had a single failure in 20 years the crop being a sure thing down here, or at least has been for 20 _\ ears, .Mice the advent of the frame hive. But t^"" fniliire has now come, an 1 is heie now We are ; 11 .iware of the fact. The Cuban beekeepers area gloiiiij set tor the Christ- mas of 1905. and this winter will long be remembered by the bee men ot Cuba as the win er Ihat froze th.-ni out, not with real frost, but with a cool north wind week after week, right alung and it is still blowing almost a gile. Such a winter here no one remembers having seeh before. It is too cold in Cuba for the bees this time, as the early cool weather stopped brood-rearing light at the commencement of the honey-flow in October. The flowers are here as usual, but no bees to gather, and theie will not be, a-* brood rearing has been down to two and three frames of brood lo the hive for many weeks, and co ouies are all weak ; and as the flow is over with March, it is too late to make the bees for this crop of honey, and it is with us all failure this time. A gnllon to the hive, instead of twenty, seems lo be the cry this time. S"me of the thousand-hive men have not taken that much — in fact, will not get any unless surprised. These are cold clammy facts that will rest heavily on some of us, as we count our honey crop heie a sure thing e^ery time. Worse still, ihere lots of bees starv- ing lo death right now during the time of harvest — b^e men buying sugar at Chri>tiTias to feed in harvest time Such is this lime Cuba s lot, and In the future theie are not likely to be any more shipments of bees from the Stales to Cuba to get rich here raii-ing honey to send to America, wlh the Cu an price for iioney 2 cts. per lb,, in spite of no honey lo offer. Comb hoiiev this time has it " in the neck" even worse than extracted, and it won't get over this win- ter's frieie-out in a long time lo come. Bee-men are goi ig begging down here, as the crop won't pay help, so Some ot the boys are hunting a job, while some have gone into the tobacco business as a suier thing than bee-. Foul brood is doing but little damage this winter, and will generally be cleaned our in thr spring, as the h iiey men will have to melt the combs into wax in order to live through the summer of 1904. Caimito, CuL)a, Dec, 15, W. W. Somekford. CELLAR WINTERING AT MEDINA. We have just been examining the bees in our three cellars. The winter has been rather severe. The December just passed has been one of the coldest known for many years. So far our indoor wintering has been very satisfactory. Very few bees are found on the cellar floors, and clusters are quiet. At the bassvvood yard cellar (built after the Bingham plan) we put in a venti- 1 itor shaft 16 inches square, running from the top of the roof down into the cellar. Last year we had a shaft only 4 inches square, with the result that the ventilation was poor and the wintering not good, and many dead bees on the cellar bottom. At the Harrington yard the bees are in a very large old-fashioned cellar under a house, with no ventilator. It is so large that the atmosphere does not foul. These bees are doing finely. In the cellar under the machine-shop, at the home yard, the results are good; but we found it necessary to open and close the doors at night during moderate or warm weather, to provide for sufficient ventila- tion on account of the large number of colo- nies confined. We kept the doors and win- dows shut at first, but found the bees were flying out and becoming uneasy. Then when we began ventilating every night during warm spells the bees quieted down, and have been quiet ever since. In cold weather, no opening and closing of doors seems to be required. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATIONAL BEE- KEEPEWS' ASSOCI.VnON; SOME INTEREST- ING FACTS AND STATISTICS. The last annual report of the National Bee-keepers' Association is by all odds the most elaborate that has ever been put out by this organization. Since General Manager 18 GLEANINGS IN BF.K CULiT'RE Jan. 1 France has taken hold of it the membership has nearly doubled, and that within the sp^ce of one j-ear. The new Manager has looked after and defended, during the year, something like 35 distinct cases. In some of these an ac- tual fight in the courts had to be made; in others a wise compromise has been effected; and in every case the National has made its influence felt for the good of apiculture in the country. The most important suits are outlined, and occupj' quite a little space in the report. The matter of adulteration has received a fair share of attention. The financial state- ment shows that on March 3 $921.60 had been received from General Manager Secor; from Dr. Mason's estate, June 2, $81.08; from membership dues, mostly at 50 cents each, by joining through local associations, $739, making a total of $1741.68. An itemiz- ed account of expenditures shows $626.60, leaving a balance of $1115.08 in the trea- sury. The usual stories about adulterated comb honey have received proper attention at the hands of Mr. France. His denials have been respectful and yet straight to the point. Next follows a list of all the supply-deal- ers, queen-breedc-s, and manufacturers, honey-dealers, bee-keepers' associations, bee-journals published in the United States, and the last United States census relating to bees. All of this furnishes a very inter- esting array of information which will be very convenient to the members. The last few pages of the report are par- ticularly interesting in that they give not only the name and address of each member, but the number of colonies, fall count and spring count, tax valuation, and the amount of comb and extracted honey each has pro- duced. California leads ofl" with the largest membership. Next follows New York, Illi- nois, Wisconsin, Colorado, Texas, Ontario, Minnesota, Utah, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio, and so on, clear down through the list. Never before has there been such an in- teresting collection of statistics regarding the number of colonies and honey produc- tion of the most prominent bee-keepers of the United States. One is amazed, in look- ing over the California list, to see the actu- al amount of honey that was produced last year, and last season was only a fair one. Scores of bee-keepers produced from 20,000 to 25,000 lbs. of honey, mostly extracted. A few are credited with 50,000 to 60,000 lbs. The one who seems to carry off the palm in the whole membership of the National, for the largest crop of honey produced last sea- son, is L. E. Mercer, of Ventura Co., Cal., who makes the enormous showing of 100,000 lbs. of extracted honey. Next comes W. D. Moffatt, with 80,000 lbs. ; J. F. Mc- Intyre and Joseph Moffatt, with 60,000 lbs. each. It would be interesting to pursue this still further. Suffice it to say that no other State shows such large crops and such large apiaries. Of course this was a fair j'ear.* But the other States that show large yields are Arizona, Colorado, and Texas. In Colorado, for example, M. A. Gill re- ports 75,000 lbs. of comb honey; in Arizona. Mr. Wm. Rohrig 72,000 lbs. of extracted; in Texas, H. H. Hyde 75,000 lbs. of comb hon- ey and 10,000 lbs. of extracted. In the cen- tral and eastern States, and portions of the middle West, aggregate crops are usually under 10,000 lbs., but manj- are over 15,000. But there are a great many bee-keepers to the square mile, and the probabilities are that the bee-keepers in these States, Iowa. New York, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minne- sota, will hold their own in the aggregate of honey produced. In New York, for ex- ample, we have just one bee-keeper who in his aggregate yield comes anywhere near the big yields of the Westerners. I refer to W. L. Coggshall, who produced 1000 lbs. of comb honey and 56,000 lbs. of extracted. There are other reports that are left blank, either because the returns were not all in or because the bee-keepers did not care to an- nounce what their crops were. The big "bee guns" are rather shy about telling their actual yields; but General Manager France has succeeded somehow in getting their crop reports. And, by the way, I should not omit to say that Mr. France, besides being an excellent Gener- al Manager, is a bee-keeper of no mean order. Except W. L. Coggshall he has the largest honey-crop showing of any bee-keep er in the central or eastern States. We find him credited with 54,000 lbs. of extract- ed honey, and that, too, in a State like Wisconsin, where the general average is under 10,000 lbs. Mr. France must be a tremendous worker. He is foul-brood in- spector for his State; speaks at farmers' institutes during the winter, not only in his own State but in others as well (he is now booked for New York State). He manages the work of the National, taking charge of some 35 distinct cases of difficulty arising between bee- keepers and their neighbors; got out this report, which must have taken much time, and then on top of it all he pro- duced a crop of 54,000 lbs. of honey. It has been said that, if you want any thing done, and done well, go to a busy man. That i.s just what the membership did when it se- lected Mr. N. E. F^rance to be their stand- ard-bearer. The membership is to be congratulated certainly in having so excellent a man at the head of things. Very few" could be found who would be willing to do so much work for so small a pay. Nothing but a love for the work and an intense loyalty for the interests of the members could induce a man to perform such a task. Say, those of you who are not members are losing much. Better join the great family at once. * It should be remembered that California has only about one good and one fair year out of five. Thesi; showings must he considered In this light. 1M04 (,LEAN1N(;S IN REE CULTURE. I't MODERN QUEEN-REARING As Practiced at the Root Co.'s Yards ; a Brief and Compreliensive Treatise on the Latest and Best Methods, Gleaned from all Sources. Continued from Last Issue. BV GKO. W. PHILLIPS. About 14 cells should be placed on each frame, as shown in Fig. 5. The nail-points can be inserted into the same holes again and again, as the blocks have no strain on them, and the bees glue them down firmly as soon as they are put into the hive. Now, let us consider the part that these wooden blocks play in simplifying queen- rearing. It is not necessary to "get up steam'' and set wax to melting in order either to fasten the cells to them or to fast- P^ig. 5. en them to the cell- frame. In this respect we have an advantage over many systems in vogue. The}' are easily transferred from one frame to another. Every queen- breeder should see the advantage of this feature. It enables us to regulate the cell- building according to the capacity of each colony. We often have colonies that will accept an almost unlimited number of cells, but are not capable of completing more than 12 satisfactorily. At the same time, there may be others capable of completing more, but not good at accepting. By using these wooden plugs, the accepted cells less than 24 hours old can be detached and distribut- ed in the most advantageous manner. It is as annoying to let a good colony of bees fuss with a scant number of cells as to let a hen waste time by sitting on a nest of two or three eggs. Since using this system we have been able to get more cells completed by fewer colonies and with less work. We generalh" let each of our queen-rearing col- onies complete 12 cells so that every colony has its time well occupied; and we never have to open a colony, remove the cell-frame, and brush off bees in order to take care of two or three ripe cells. Another advantage which the wooden cell-cups or cell-holders have, is that they can be removed and handled without risk of cutting into or breaking them, as in the case where the Fit:. (I wax cells are fastened on in the old maaner. In fact, the use of a knife is entirely done away with. GRAFTING. The subject of grafting queen-cells has been gone over many times, and yet SO per cent or more of the readers of Glkaning-S know little or nothing about it. I make this an excuse for going into details in this, which, to the expert, may seem elementary. The first thing needed is royal jelly. At the start it will be necessary to make a colony queenless in order to get this; but when once operations are well started it can be obtained from the grafted cells, Jas in Fig. 6. G represents an unsealed queen-cell. H shows the same broken open so as to facili- tate the removal of the royal jelly. E rep- resents the spoon for removing the royal jelly from cell H; and F, the little fellow, is the larva-lifter or "transferring-needle." as the artist has been pleased to call it. Fig. 7. Unsealed jelly must be used, and this should be stirred before using. One well- fed cell, taken just before it is sealed, will supply enough jelly for two frames of cells (28) or more. Royal jelly gets hard very soon after it is removed from the hive, there- 20 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 fore it should not be removed until the last minute. Where a lot of cells are to be grafted, the jelly for supplying- them should not be removed from the hive all at one time, but several different graftings should be done, and only enough removed as re- quired at each time. A great deal de- pends upon how quickly an operator can do the work. I can graft 112 cells be- fore the jelly gets too hard for use, and others who are more dextrous can do more. Fig. 7 gives a fair description of how the jelly is transferred to the cells. The section of the cell shown, the third from the left, illustrates nicely the right proportion of jelly that should be supplied to each cell. The jelly is removed from the unsealed cell in the first place, with the jelly-spoon, and the proportion designed for each cell is Fig. y. in turn picked oft from this bulk and plac- ed in position with the " transferring-nee- dle." A frame of select larvae, not more than 36 hours old, should be chosen for grafting, and should be right handy so that, as soon as the jelly is supplied to the cells, the larva? will be at hand ready to be transposed to their new quarters. Fig. 8 shows the manner in which the larva is removed from its cell. Rightly speaking, in this illustration the point of the larva-lifter should be a little further behind the larva — at just about the center of the curve in its body. Some use a little jelly on the point of their larva-lifter, and say that, by using it, the larva adheres to the instrument more readily; but for my part I prefer a clean dry lifter, especially if it is profusely fed. When the larva is removed from the comb it is placed in sweet contentment upon the little nest of royal jelly prepared for it in the cell-cups, and from that moment the life of the worker ceases and that of the queen begins. Fig. 9 represents a bee-keeper at work grafting queen-cells. The comb should be held at such an angle that the light falls into the cells. There is no necessity of par- ing them down; a little practice will soon enable any one who has fair eyesight to lift out the larva? from an ordinary comb with ease. At first the operation may cause you to look more perplexed than our friend in the picture does; but keep right at it; and if you have any of the stuff in you that goes to make a good bee-keeper, you will make a success of it, and in doing this you will have mastered the most important branch of the bee-keeping industry, and one that will add new profit as well as fas- cination to the pursuit of your choice. {To be contifiued). AN EXPERIENCE IN PEDDLING HONEY. An Interesting and Readable Account. BY HARRY LATHKOP. I started out one day toward the west, Hoping to sell the product of my toil; .\nd thought within myself that it were best To try to sell to tillers of the soil. I went, but I returned with all my load, And more; for all along the winding way A heavy heart I carried oq the road That led me home that fading autumn day Having read the experiences of different ones who have tried the plan of selling hon- ey from house to house, I tried it this sea- son with the following results. It was dur- ing the closing daj's of summer. The weather was fine, the roads good — that is, as good as our roads ever are here in South- ern Wisconsin, where a drive across coun- try consists principall3' in making dives down hills steep and long to cross small spring brooks, and then climb to the top of the next hill to repeat the operation. I was provided with a span of lively ponies and a neat spring wagon, in which I placed a few cases of honey in cans large and small; and in a box I had a small scale for weighing small lots. Thus equipped I started out 1^04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULI URE. 21 with high hopes of coining back with ;i light load and a pocket full of money. My first stop was only a few miles from town where a saloon is kept at the crossing of the roads. I tried to make a sale to the proprietor of the place, but he declined with a look of disgust. It is a fact that people who are given to indulgence in beer and to- bacco, and such things, have no taste for honey, and seldom touch it. Their tastes are perverted, and nature serves them right by depriving them of the power to ap- preciate her choicest dainties, of which hon- ey stands at the head. But, to go on with my story. The next stop was made at a cheese- factory. I could not sell to the people who lived there, for they possessed a colony of bees, and had produced more honey than fourteen families could use. But I was directed to a farm where no bees were kept, and on the way I kept thinking, " Now, this is my chance. I will make a sale this time." The house was half a mile from the main road, and down in one of those ravines. I made the dive, and anchored the team up against a strawstack while I went to the house with a small can of honey. The lady received me kindly, and said she would like to have some honey, but her husband was away, and she never purchased any thing without his consent. She thought he would soon be back, and wished I would wait. Mj' time was too precious to wait there for the bare chance of selling twenty- five cents' worth of honey, so I called for a small dish and poured out as much as the woman could eat at one meal or more, and went on my way thinking, " Shame on the man who will not allow his wife so much liberty as the pur- chase of a little honey! Such men never consult their wives when they bu}' tobacco, or, worse, stand in front of a bar and bu}' drinks." At the next place I did not get out of the wagon, but called to a woman at the door of her house. I told her what I had, "ex- tracted honey — the very finest quality." She would not buy, but she said if I had comb honey she would take one pound. I went on, but met with no success. It came near night, and presently I crossed a little clear running brook and drew up in front of a house that was shaded by an immense willow. Back of the house rose a great bluff, and on its lower slope there was a row of about a dozen bee hives of all shapes and sizes. There were children in plenty, boys and girls, and I soon got into conver- sation with them and learned which one of the boys it was who took to bee-keeping. It was a family of Swiss people engaged for the most part in dairying. They were milking 35 cows at the time. I asked the giant farmer how it would be for me to staj' with him over night and help milk the cows. His ready " yah! " gave no uncertain sound of welcome; so, within ten minutes from that time my team was in the barn, the wagon safe in'the shed, and I was down vinder a big cow milking away, and think- ing to myself that it would be a hard mat- ter to starve a Yankee or the son of a Yan- kee. Those cows gave great messes, more than a large pailful for the best milkers, and no wonder; for the rich grasses all over the hills and valleys reached to their knees. That night I milked two cows and the next morning five. There were several boys and girls who milked, besides the farmer, and it took only half an hour to do it all up. As much time as we had that evening and the next morning, I talked bees with the boys, giving them the best advice and in- struction I could, and I felt that I had fall- en among friends whose hearts were with- out guile. Before I left they bought a gal- lon of honey, the first I had sold, and re- fused any thing in payment for my lodging. Only ten 3'ears from the old country, this man is bound to succeed. He has pur- chased a large farm, going largely in debt for it; but at the time I was there the in- come from milk and eggs was over seven dollars per day, and no outside help hired, with the exception of one small bo}-^ to help do chores. The next day I continued on till noon, going still further from home, and made but one sale of half a gallon of honey. At many places I was informed that they had honey, or that some relative kept bees, and they could get all they wanted for the ask- ing. I started for home with the firm be- lief that a man starting across the country with a load of honey, and traveling day after day, could not possibly sell enough to pay his expenses, even if he got the stock for nothing. I came to the conclusion that we must look to the towns and cities for our mar- ket. Farmers as a class will not buj^ hon- ey. They will go without, and use, in- stead, glucose syrup that they buy at the village store at about 35 cents per gallon — stuff that has no flavor, and nothing to rec- ommend it but its resemblance to something good. On this trip I was not sad or discouraged, except in reference to the matter of selling honey. In another way I was more than paid for my trouble. I feasted my eyes on as lovely scenery as the sun ever shone on, and found new friends that even now seem like old ones. I can sell honey, and am doing it right along — sending it to all points of the com- pass; but peddling isnotmy waj'. Let the other fellow peddle. I will sell to jobbers, merchants, consumers, anybody; but they must come to me in the future. Monroe, Wis., Oct. 19. [Your experience, friend L., is, I think, about the same as the most of us would have; and yet it is possible that, if you were to take another route, you might have an entirely different experience. There is a great diflFerence in people. Some are born salesmen, and others can do better in some other line. — Ed.] 22 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jam. 1 COGGSHALL STUDENT BEE-KEEPER. A few of Coggshall's Short Cuts; Kicking Supers off; how to mal5 with strychnine. The bird was fond of ants, and, as he supposed, picked up some of the poisoned ones. We can not be too careful about using poisons. This reminds me that the editor of one of our great agri- cultural weeklies recently advised a sub scriber to poison his neighbor's bees be- cause they annoyed him. I was surprised to find an editor who either did not know or did not care whether he was recommend- ing the breaking of a clear and distinct law of the land. The question has often come up in these desert countries as to whether one can grow crops successfully, and pump the water needed from a well with a steam-engine. My brother and I visited a ranch near Tem- pe, where a section of land was growing alfalfa very successfully by pumping the water. I think they had to raise it with the engine some forty or fifty feet. Of course, the expense is a little more than getting water from the irrigating-canals. But in almost every locality that depends on irrigation, there are times when water is wanted most and one can not have it. This man was independent. I do not re- member the power of his engine; but the engineer told us that, by working a little over hours occasionally, the whole section can be given all the water needed. An acre well set to alfalfa is considered in that lo cality to be worth $100. Some farms are sold for more than that. Alfalfa-growing is so much of a business in the Salt River Valley that it is no uncommon thing to find people pulling up their fruit-trees in order to grow alfalfa. The alfalfa is much less labor to harvest and sell, and a good many think they get about as much money one year with another as they do from their fruit- farms. Fruit-growing is making some progress around Tempe, Maricopa Co., but not as much as many thought it would at one time. The Rev. Mr. Close, who lives at Tempe, showed me an object-lesson by way of high-pressure gardening that is worth considering. Less than ten years ago his wife planted some date seeds just for the fun of it. They came up promptly, grew, and with very little care tliey are now producing great bunches of most luscious fruit. If I am correct, one or more of these date palms are already giving crops of 100 lbs. of fruit that sold for 25 cents per lb. Twenty- five dollars for the crop on a single palm tree scarcely higher than your head! The experiment station, a few miles distant ?34 Gl-l-.\NI\C,S IN HER CULIL'RE Jan. 1 from where this was done, is now experi- menting- with all the promising date palms that can be collected from different parts of the world. Some of the plants, or little palm-trees rather, are worth ei'cr so many dollars each. Wonderful results are now and then achieved with these tropical fruits; .but, as I have said, the average farmer seems to decide that alfalfa-growing is surer than almost an\' thing else. OUR HOMES, BY A.I. ROOT. Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them.— Col. 3: 19. On pag-e 503, June 1. I repeated a story I gave to the Spanish mission school in Cuba, our good brother Frazier translating it as I talked. In speaking- of the failure of a cer- tain charitable institution gotten up by the learned doctors, with the aid of all the most scientific appliances, I said: The whole trouble was ths: The poor babies hun- gered, not only for plenty of milk, but they wanted to be /o2'f(/ and kissed and cuddled and talked to. When they opened their eyes in this cold world, and found uo one who loved them as babies ought to be loved, they said in their infantile mind, 'Why. we might just as well die now as at any other time. Nobody loves us, and nobody cares for us ; and what is the use of living ? " During the six months that have passed since I told that story, it has been much on my mind; and I have been impressed again and again that it is not only babies that die for want of somebody to love them, but it is often grown-up people, and especially grown- up women — yes, wives and mothers. The babies I mentioned died of starvation— that is, one kind of starvation — when they were amply supplied with the best and most nourishing food the world of science could furnish: they were starving for a mother's love. There has been considerable comment on the matter of the number of women who are in the asylums for the insane; and. if I am correct, a large proportion of them come from farmers' homes. Now. I am impress- ed that this insanity among wives and moth- ers is right along in line with the cause (or perhaps, rather, the reaso?i) why those ba- bies died in that palatial asylum. They died because they craved and hungered for the love they did not get. The babies could not live and thrive unless they were loved and kissed and cuddle 1 and talked to, and called pretty names. Why, my good friends, if there is a bab}^ in your home, no matter how old or how young — that is, it does not matter so very much how young — you can. if you try hard, make it respond to loving words.-* * Something tells me just now that my sermon to-day IS hitting me a pretty big clif). Within a few steps of where I now am there is a bright pretty baby that fair- ly bounds with enthusiasm when he catches a glimpse If there is no baby in j'our own home, hunt up one among the neighbors some- where, and begin to cultivate its acquaint- ance. We not only make the baby grow ami thrive by finding somebody besides its own mother who loves it and welcomes its pres- ence into this bright world of ours, but it will make yoit grow physicall}-. morally, and spiritually. Now. herein is this great truth, that not only is the baby or wife ben- efited by kisses and loving words, but the one who loves is in like manner benefited. Much has been said of late about the bene- fits of pure air — outdoor air, for instance; and since these days of the tj'phoid-fever epidemic, pages have been written about the importance of pure drinking-water, or boiled water, in every neighborhood where typhoid fever is prevalent — the use of dis- tilled water for drinking, where it can be had. etc. But, dear friends, I am persuad- ed, and I think the Holy Spirit is prompt- ing me when I say, that loving words and loving actions are of as much importance as pure air and water and wholesome food; in fact, a loving heart should be prompted to take care that the air. water, and food be of the best. Now. I am going to talk plainly to-day. and some of 3'ou in ay object a little. The first year you were married j'ou looked aft- er the dear little wife carefully. You gave her kisses and caresses — called her pet names, without stint ; and then to be a manly husband (by the waj', what is grand- er in this world than noble mayihoodf) you went to work and provided the dear little wife with every thing she would be likely to need, before you went to work. If out on a farm, and you two were alone, you pro- vided the best of wood and water near by the little woman you loved, so as to spare her useless steps or exposure; you provided her with warm and comfortable clothing: if she was subject to cold feet, as many women are, you at times took those dear little feet in the warm palms of your great manly hands, and warmed them up; and straightway you looked after the stockings she wore in wintry weather; then you ex- amined her dainty little shoes, and recom- mended warmer ones; and as winter came on. 30U investigated the matter of overshoes. If she was obliged at times, or preferred as a matter of choice, to look after the chick- ens, pigs, and maj' be a cow, you probabl.v gave her some warm stockings and felt- lined rubber boots made expressly for wo- men. Now, I do not know exactly ivhat you did the first j'ear you were married, for it was of \n& grandma. I do not know but he loves his grand- ma more than he does anybody else in the world, his own mother not excepted. Well, the baby and I are at perfect agreement in one respect at least ; but what I was going to say just now was that his grandpa does not get in to see him often enough but that he throws his little head one way and the other to see if his papa or mamma, or, better still, grandma, is near by to en courage him when \\\s grandpa takes him in his arms Just as soon as I get this article written I am going over to take some of the .same " medicine " I am pre- scribing for my readers. 1904 (iLF.ANINCS IN BEF. CULTURK. probably a good long- while ago fortv or fifty years, for example. At that tune the}- did not use furnaces in the basement to keep the floors warm as they do now; so I think we shall have to jump ahead all these years and come up to the present time. We will suppose you are about b4 years old (just my age), and that your wife is a year or two younger. Dear brother, do you now, after all these years, take those cold tired feet in the big warm palms of j'our hands — those tired feet that have traveled unceas- ins^ly for you and 3ours all these fortj- or fifty 3'ears? Do you now often take that dear faithful woman in your arms as you did when 3'ou were first married? Have you been in the daily habit of holding her thus and kissing the gray hairs as they came to view one by one? If you have not, then let me tell j'ou you have not ^one. every thing you could to save her from sickness and death. May be in all these years you have paid out much money for doctors' bills that might have been saved had you loved her and kissed her and caressed her often- er than jou have done. You may urge that a busj' farmer or mechanic has no time to sit down and cuddle his wife, and call her pretty names as he did when they were young. But, my good friend, such things might save a " heap " of travel in the night in going after the doctor. They might save the expense and presence of a hired girl in your home. Why, I have heard of farmers' wives who had not received a loving kiss from the busy pushing man of the house in a whole year. No wonder that trouble, sickness, and death invaded the home. And, my dear good friend, there is a worse thing threatening the homes of our land just now than sickness and death; yes, perhaps I might say a worse thing than in- sanity. Go and visit your county infirma- ry; take a look at the wives and mothers assembled there. Such a fate is sad, I ad- mit; but that of an unhappy divorced man and wife is even worse. Our dailies have just told us of a woman who married anoth- er man in just twenty niiyiutes after the di- vorce was granted I Well, I suppose she could do so legally if she chose. Now, the dailies did not tell us any thing about what went before; but we may guess there was no particular trouble with her former hus- band except that he stood in the way. She had placed her afifections (?) on another man; and when she got rid of her lawful husband she fairly " hustled " to get mar- ried to man No. 2. Years ago, when a schoolboy, I came to a problem in algebra where the result could be projected and written on the blackboard without solving the problem at all. You started out two or three steps until you saw the way the thing was working, and then jumped away over to the conclusion, and got exactly the same result as if 3'ou had gone through a pile of figures. Now, we may safely predict (in like manner) that this woman who got mar- ried in twenty minutes after her divorce will be looking out very soon for husband No. 3; and if she is not stopped, nobody knows how many there will be. When Sa- tan gets a pupil well under way, he does not often let that pupil go. I do not know whether the first husband was at fault in not loving his wife; but I think it quite like- ly he was largely; but perhaps the woman was more at fault. Who can tell what pain and anguish of spirit a parent may feel, especially when this union before God has been sealed and cemented by raising a family of children, when either parent is obliged to feel that the other is unfaithful! A friend once told me some of his experience. Satan tried to get the poison into his heart. But he rec- ognized him, and prayed in anguish, "Get thee behind me, Satan." His storj' inter- ested me at that time, because it gave me a glimpse of the suffering and anguish that may rend a faithful and devoted heart. It was a rather strange experience; and as it may prove to be a warning to some others I am going to let him tell you about it in his own words as nearly as I can remember. THE man's story. When I was away out in the mountains of California, a little homesick, Satan brought up a long- forgotten memory of the past. He said, " Of course, 5'our good wife is a model woman, as all the world knows; but awaj' back, some forty years ago, if you will just think of it, there was at least a little time when she was not as loyal to you as she might have been." I repudiated the suggestion at once, and tried to get it out of my mind; but in spite of every thing I could do, especially when I was traveling alone among strangers, mem- ory (or perhaps we had better say Satan) went to picking up little bits of facts (at least the adversary asserted they were facts) and piecing them together until I was not only miserable, but began to cherish feelings that were prett}' nearly unkind to- ward my dear devoted wife. I decided I would question her in regard to the matter, even if it was away back ("ages ago") as soon as I got home. When I looked into her dear eyes I felt ashamed of myself. But Satan had got a little bit of a foothold. Every few days memory would supply some- thing further in regard to the matter until quite a little structure had been built up. At last I decided, even though it should an- noy and pain her, I would tell her what was going on in my mind; and I felt so ashamed of myself, while bringing up some- thing of years ago, that I almost had to do it with downcast eyes; and, oh how quick- ly Satin's fabric vanished when she looked me in the face with a happy innocent laugh and explained everything! I had forgotten the order of events, and got things mixed, and she was entirely innocent of the whole matter. For several days afterward, when I went into the house she would look up to me with a most bewitching smile and say something like this: " And so you rf/rf think, dear old huz, that there was a time in my life when I actually 36 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 looked about a little to see if there were really any 'handsomer men' about than your dear old self? Now, aren't you ashamed of 3'ourself? Be honest." " Yes, dear old girl, I am much ashamed of myself — ashamed to think that I ever let Satan crowd into my heart a suggestion that 3'ou were not, or at some time in the dim past had not been, fully worthy of the place you occupy in my heart and soul.'''' "Now, Mr. Root," said he, "I have men- tioned this simply to tell you of the glimpse I then had of the torture that must wring any true man's heart when he finds his wife has been listening, even a little bit, to the whispers of Satan; to think she has been listening, as mother Eve did, to the serpent in the garden". In regard to the above story, I suppose man}' of the womenfolks will want to "speak right out in meeting here." Mrs. Root would be one of them if it were not for the fact that this speakingout would hit your old friend A. L Root a most fearful clip. What these good women — these wives and jnothers — would say is something like this: " Mr. Root, how much belter is it in God's sight for a man to be unfaithful than for a woynan to be untrue? " I shall have to answer, even though I lash myself, that I believe a man should be as pure in thought and deed as he demands that his wife should be. God have mercy on me, a sinner. Not a sinner 7iow, thank God. and not a sinner in that way, since I chose the Lord Jesus Christ as my guide, helper, and redeemer. But I was a sinner away back at the very time when I (like every other man) detnanded of my wife something away up above what / was. And now after I say that, I am persuaded the greater part of the divorces come about because wives are not loved as God intend- ed, and as our text admonishes us they should be loved. Now a word more about the wives and mothers who go about with cold feet. Many of you urge you can not afford a furnace, or, better still, steam or hot water, in your basement. But, my good friend, have you reflected that a funeral — at least a funeral as generally managed — will cost as much as a furnace, or even more? Instead of tak- ing a trip to the undertaker after your wife is dead, suppose you take a trip to the plumber while she is alive and well. Do something this very day toward preventing your wife or mother, the jewel of your home from going about any longer with cold feet. If she says her feet are not cold, or noi^ cold enough to do any harm, be doctor for a while. Take her feet often up across your lap; warm them up by the cookstove (or some other place) and see that thej' are kept warm. The kisses and pet names are all right providing they are manly and con- sistent. After you have told her you love her, you might add that you love her still, even if she is getting gray-haired and wrinkled to the outside world. After you have said in words that you love her still and that she is not gray-haired and wrinkled in yotir sight, prove it in a manly way. Somebody has said there are farmers who do not take as good care of their wives as they do of their domestic animals. It would be a loss of money to let the latter go unprotected, or without food and water. Dear me! I wonder if it would not be a loss of money in the end to neglect the dear wife. And what is the money for, after all, when the presiding genius of your home lies cold and still in death? Then, perhaps, if not before, you will realize how worthless in comparison is money or stock or a farm. Of course, I mean that all I have said shall apply to husbands as well as to wives. But women, as a rule, are given to loving as well as craving for love. Some of them, perhaps, are neglectful of their husbands' happiness and comfort. Yes, there may be quite a number who forget to say, " You are a dear old treasure for going out in the cold, and working so hard to keep me here indoors with all these comforts." Perhaps some of the dear women may kiss the gray hairs a little oftener, and perhaps lift the rough hands, hardened with toil, to their lips occasionally, in recognition of what these rough hands have wrought. When I was about twelve years old I took a great liking to chemistry. A bright young man taught our village school. He was, by the way, an expert carpenter; and when he found out, by getting acquainted with me in my class in chemistry, that I was making sundry experimeuts at home, he suggested one day after school that he might help me in getting up my home-made ap- paratus. Of course, I was highly delight- ed; and under his skillful management with tools, my experiments were a success. Well, after he had made me happy he edged around to another side of the house where my grown-up sisters were; and I can re- member feeling plainly after a while that I feared he did not care so very much about the chemical apparatus after all. This young schoolteacher and one of ray sisters will, in a few days, celebrate their golden wedding, having been man and wife f r fif- ty 3'ears. Well, this brother-in-law of mine has been, all his life, remarkably' skillful in all sorts of handicraft. Away back fifty years ago it was the fashion to make mot- toes with what they called perforated pa- per. These mottoes were sewed through with beautifully colored yarn called crewel. Of course, brother James had to try his hand at the new art;* and one day in open- ing a book that belonged to my sister I found the prettiest piece of perforated-paper work that I had ever seen. It read: Thifie till the heart in death is cold. It was about the time these two people were engaged. I was a boy of about four- * Mr. James G. Gray was, at the time of which I was writing, holding evenii g schools for teaching pen- man-hip. He also gave lessons in ornaraental pen- manship drawing. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 37 teen: and it struck me at that time as a wonderful piece of artistic beauty. Not only the handwork and design, but the thought it embodied — that this bright skill- ful \oung teacher should say to my sister, that he placed all he had, and ail he was, in her care and keeping, until that beating heart grew cold in dt ath — was to me a piece of sublimity and heroism that was to be ad- mired and emulated. No doubt you have discovered there is something Quixotic in my makeup. I have read Don (Juixote again and again, and, I might almost say, laughed and cried over it. A year ago while in Cuba 1 had aspira- tions to be able to read Don Quixute some time in the original Spanish. Well, it is a grand good thing to be Quixotic within cer- tain limits. It was m^' good fortune to be with this sister and her husband more or less for a good many j ears. \V hen 1 taught my first school I made my home with them, and with an older sister who was also re- cently married. Now, I want to say just a little more about that young schoolteacher. He was not only handy in carpenterwork, but he has always been h .ndy everywhere. He could not only build the handiest house im- aginable for a woman to do her work in, but he could wash and bake, and, 1 think, do every thing a woman usually does. That motto of his was in my mind, and 1 used to watch him for years afterward to see how well he lived it out. He was up early in the morning, and I think he invariably made the fire. We lived in the back woods then. He started breakfast; had plenty of wood in the stove and plenty in a neat tidy wood-box; he had the water handy; he did not spill any ashes nor make any litter. Mrs. Root is a model housekeeper. Every- body says so; but she says herself she can not keep a house as neat, and with so few steps, as my sister who married the school- teacher; and she thinks it is largely due to the assistance that the schoolteacher has always given to his wife, not only in doing the work, but in planning with her for the best and shortest cuts for doing housework. Now, in closing permit me to say there is, in my opinion, nothing in this world to be corhpared with, as a helper in having hus- bands and wives love each other, as the gospel of Christ Jesus. Mrs. Root and I read something from the Bible, at least once every day of our lives. Then we kneel to- gether (we are now living all alone, as the children are all away ^ and ask God to help us in using our declining years in such a way as will give him most honor and glory. This daily reading of God's word, and kneeling together in prayer, has done more to give us happiness — yes, health too— than any thing else in this world. " Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy strength, with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and thy neighbor as thy»elf. " Now, the thing to do is to put love to God first and foremost. If we do this, love to our neigh- bors will follow. And now, seriously, is there any other neighbor in this whole wide world so near and dear as the woman — or, perhaps we had better say, companion — whom God gave? Something suggtsts to me right here that my talk this time is in very truth a ^'' home paper. " BRO. WHITCOMB'S new LIFE — MOKE ABOUT ir. Let me explain that Bro. Whitcomb wrote to Bro. York some letters, which the latter forwarded on to me, saying he felt sure I would be glad to read them. After getting my letter he wrote to Bro. Whitcomb lor permission to use them in Gleamings. Below are the letters referred to: Bro. York. - You have my pernii.-sion to do what you please With the Idler reierr^d lo 1 am not abhaiued ot any ihiiigcoiiuecled wuh the maiier, and if it could do any ihiug toward lea.-iiug any soul to Christ I s.-all say. ■■ G ory to Goa! ' 1 thank. God ihal things look brighter, and the time is drawuif; nigdwhtU niypiasers will be answered. 1 start for Louisiana to-inuirow morniug, ana 1 shall take my Bible and religion wuh me 1 have a broti er down there who is out oi Cniist Pray for me that I m y will him ovei to I .e rig ,t .-ide of the cros.s We had a praying mo hec wh se prayers have lollowed me iniough foi.r \ ear-, ol ci uei war, an i more thaa half a hiindied l)anlc-hckls, ano then on through life. To tay 1 do not know how i snouM h ive 1 ved without them. Vours lor God. K. Whitcoivib. Brother York. — During last August some Chicago fellows, the Olivers, opened up leiu nieelings ai lli.s ploCe, and amoiif^ other rtsuUs i forsook a luciime of sin and begiii lo .-er^e God in e .i nesi, siuc- w hioh lime 1 have had the usual prayei -nieeiin;; and oilier nican.-< ot grace lo aitend lO, ana have the finest Bible- class in the Sunday scliool you ever saw. 1 know that you will say amen tu thai. No man or woman has been able to handle and in- vestigate the organization ot me honey bee for any length of linic vvitlioui bi in=! gieatly imprcs.-ed with the v\ondcrful wisdom ot God. ana his most wouaer- ful workings. I am yours very truly, Fneud, JMeb., Nov. H. K. Whitcomb. After relating his experience when com- ing out of the tent, as given in the Dec. 15th issue, Mr. Whitcom.o adds: I got on my knees before God, and prayed the prayer of tne pulil can. •Lord, be luercilul to me a sinuct." Then his sata'iic majesty appealed aiiu said, Ed, you'll make a fool ot yourselt. You can not run a newspaper and be a Christian " But I said to him," If I can not, I 11 el it all go for God " .-Mid I tel. you, brother, oh h jw abunoanly God has bles ed me, and he bless s me every day with .-hower-. of the Hely Ghost. My woi k is easier, and 1 am able to do ii and praise his holy name ai the same time. The things that I once lovcd I now haie, and the ihiugs which I once hated I now 1 .ve. O my broihrr! wliat a traiis- formatiou! It is a relig.on ot ihe heart and not of ihe hea I. The family altar has be< n established; and so.long as God will loniinue to bless us. so long will it rema n, and so 1 )ng mxW our pra>e s ascend lo Hea^rii tor th se who are near and dear to us I know ihat Ciod does hear and answer pra\ er, and I must not expect to pel through the lew yeais that yet remain lor me wiihout tiials and tempiatioTis. If God wishes to trv me I am willing that ht should do .so. Perhaps there may he a little repetition; but I am sure our friends will gladly over- look it. Now a word in regard to his paper. This question has often come up among new con- verts. Years ago the editor of one of our county papers, who had taught infidelity more or le»s through his columns for years, A8 GLEAI>fI.NG,S; .IN; BE;E- CULTURE; Jan. 1 accepted Christ on his death-bed as his Sav- ior. He sent for me, and told me about his change of heart. I then pilead with him to give me something before he died, for publication in the paper of which he was editor. He said he was too weak then, but would give something later. But I felt so sure he never would that I begged him to permit me to make public through his own paper his repudiation of infidelity and ac- ceptance of Christ as the Son of God and the Savior of mankind. He was not willing to do this; I plead with him till he cried so sehemently his wife and daughters inter- posed, and declared I must not prolong my visit. He was willing to say to his friends that he had renounced his skepticism and had become a Christian; but he could not consent to come out in the paper he had been editing so many years, and tell of his new birth. At his funeral, when the cler- gyman announced in his sermon that Mr. G. accepted Christ before he died, a man at ray elbow said, "That is a lie." After the sermon I remonstrated with him, and he said something like this: " I can not believe, from what I know of Mr. G., that he ever accepted Christ as the Son of God — surely not when he was in his right senses." Note the contrast. Mr. Whitcomb says if he can not edit a newspaper successfully, and put his Christianity into that paper, he will let the newspaper go and every thing else, "all for God." Now, then, will the Christian people stand by him in his new departure, and see that his paper. The Friend Telegraph, is a success. HONEY QUEENS I shall coutimie breeding tho'se fine queens for the coming season of 1904. Meantime I shall carry over a large number of queens in nuclei with which to fill orders the coming winter and eaily spring. I sm breeding the Holy l,ands, the Golden and Leather strains of pure Italians. Your orders will rei^eive prompt and careful attention. Single queen, $1.25; five for $5 (Xi Breeders of either race, J.'i.OO each. W. H. Laws, Beeville, Texas Ceo. J. Vande Vord Queen-breeder. Daytonia, Fla. 4,000,000 PEACH=TREES TENNESSEE WHOLESALE NDRSERIES. June Buds a Specialty. No agents traveled, but .sell direct to planters at wholesale prices. Absolutely free from diseases, and true to name. Write us for catalog and prices before placing your order elsewhere. We guarantee our stock to be true to name. Largest peach nursery in the world. Address J. C. HALE, Winchester, T'enn. CHas. Israel CSl Brothers 486-4QO Canal SX., New YorK. Wholesale Dealers and Commissioii Uerchants is Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. ConsignmentH Solicited. KRtabliHhed 1K75. Start the New Year Right. Begin by sending for one of these Pon.v Sewing-machines. Perfect stitch. Will do all plain sewing. Hems sheets and pillow-cases, and is just the thing for little girls. There is nothing else that will please them so well and so long Sent for only postage paid, to any office In the United States. To Canada. 30 per cent duty, or 1^3.71. F. J. ROOT, 90 West Broadway, N. ¥. S WEET=POTATO SEED Sound, bright stock; most popu- lar varieties. Send for de- scriptive price list. :-: :-: L. H. Mahan, ^°",,3 Terre Haute, Ind. DON'T UNDERTAKE TO CUT THE No. 7 top wire on Page Stock Fence with wire-cutters. You can't do it, and you'll break your cutters. Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box S, Adrian, Michigan. EDUCATED TREES BRED FOR BEARING TRUE TO NAME because all our Buds are cut from our own 'Fruit Belt" Hearing Trees. Illustrated Catalog free. WEST Michigan Nurseries, Box 63, BENTON HARBOR, MICH. The Fruit Grower, published at St. Joseph, Mo., will be sent X year if j ousend 25c and names of 10 farmers who grow fruit. "The Fruit- Urower is the best fruitpaper we have. East or Wesff"— Prof. Price, Uean Ohio Agl. College. Illustrated. Keirular price 60c » ye*r. For sample ad.ireE3 FRUIT-GROWER CO., 3 t4S. 7thSt., St. Joseph. Mo. "This for That 99Trade anythinf you havtt foe anything yoa want. Gf't rnr gigrantic paper which prints thonsands of es rhanpe advprtisemeDts. Six months' trial subscription. 10ot«. ••TUia FOR TIUT" PCB. CO., (»-l»0»lar BIdg., CU1CA60. FENCE! STRONGEST MADE. Buu strong, ChJcken- Tlght. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale Prices. Fully Warranted. Catalog Free COILED SPRING FENCB CO. Box 101. Wliicheiit«r, Indiana, D. 8. A. Cuba. If you are interested in Cuba and wan* the truth about it, subscribe for the HAVANA POST, the otily English paper on the Island. Published at Havana, Cuba. |1.00 per month, $10.00 per year, ly (eAcepT Monday). Dal- U04 (iI.EANlNGS IN BKE CULIURK. 39 Did You Read This Notice in Nov, 1 5 Gleanings ? ^he Plant and «Seed Business of The A. I. Root Co. After havinfj sold vegetable seeds and plants for almost 20 years, I reluctantly an- nounce that I am about to give it up. In fact, our seed department has already been sold to E. C. Green & Son, of this place. Many of you are somewhat acquainted with Mr. Green from his writings in Cleatiings and other agricultural papers He was for manv years connected with the Ohio Experiment Station, and had charge of the department for testing new vegetables. He is also originator of Burpee's tomato, Fordhook Fancy; also several varieties that are offered by Livingston. In fact, he has all his life been connected more or less with originating new plants and vegetables. The son is now in our employ, where he can have daily consultation with me in regard to getting hold of the minutiae of our seed business. Permit me to add that, before the step was decided on, quite a lot of garden-seeds were grown expressly for us. By having them grown to order we are sure they are not only fresh, and true to name, but we are enabled to give very much lower prices than where we are compelled to buy our seeds from some other party. Our successors, E. C Green & Son, will have all of these specially grown seeds. Those who have purchased them from us during the past two or three years know how well they have turned out. A. I. ROOT, ii\ Gleanings, Nov. 15. 1903. In taking up even the seed business of A. I. Root we feel as if we were dealing with, not merely his customers, but with his friends. But we intend to make them ours if square, honest dealings will do it. We, therefore, respectfully solicit the seed trade that has been Mr. Root's. E. C* Green & Son, - Medina, Ohio* Have .\ou ever seen the Fordhook Fancy Tomato? It is unique, a NEW CREATION in tomato; something different from any other tomato grown, and, withal, an extra good one in size, shape, quality, and earliness. CUT THIS OUT AND MAIL TO US January, 1904. E C. Green & Son, Medina, Ohio. Dear Sirs: — I am a buyer of Vegetable Seed, and shall be pleased to receive your catalog for IQ04. Also send with catalog, free of charge, One Package *' Fordhook Fancy'' Tomato Seed for trial. " Yours Truly, NAME p. o. CO._ . STATE 40 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 OUR BEST OFFER THIS YEAR The Ladies^ Home Journal, The Saturday Evening Post, (Published Monthly) (Published Weekly) BOTH FOR A FULL YEAR FOR $2.25. Of all the maerazlnes published in America The ladies' Heme Journal has the larg-est paid circulation of any monthly ; The Saturday Evening Post the larj^est paid circula- tion of any weekly. The price of the Journal is $1 OO ; th<» price of the Po«;t when ordered by single subscription is $2 00. YOU CAN HAVE BOTH FOR $2.25. ^p* c^^ c5^ C M. GOODSPEED, SKANEATELES, N. Y. ^^ * K, E^E^EE^ $100,00 IN CASH To Subscribers for LADIES^ HOME JOURNAL, SATURDAY EVENING POST I will pay these prizes for subscriptions sent to me for either of these magazines between now and June 1, 1904: $40.00 to the person sending the greatest number of subscriptions. $20. 00 to the person sending the next greatest number of subscriptions. $10 00 to the terson sending the next greatest number of subscriptions. $5.00 to the persjn sending the next greatest number of subscriptions. $25.00 Additional will be divided among any persons sending 10 or more subfecriptions to these mdgrizines if they do not win one of the above prizes. Each subscription for The Journal counts one point; each subscription for Post two points. All these prizes are in add ition to the liberal comm ssion to be deducted when the orders are sent. See body of this catalog where these two m igazines are lifted far details of commis^iv^n. In the division of th*^ extra $J5.00, each 10 points will entitle you to an extra share. C. ]VL GOODSPEED, Skaneateles, New York. ^ ^ CASH PRIZES: =^ To the agent sending me the most subscriptioim to the following list of magazines (either single or in combination I we will give the following Cash Prizes May 1 1904: To the 1 irgest list, $25 to ihe next largest, $-'0 to the next largest. $15 oi he next largest, 810: to the next Inrgest $5. We will also give $-5 to be divided eq- ally bc-tweeii all club laisers who send 10 suhsc^1b^-r< and do not win any of the at'ove awards. Cosmopolitan, *McChire's. St. Nicholas. Frank Uislie's Monthly, McCall's, and Pattern, Century. Sirihncr's. * Youth's Companion, new subscriptions only. *'Must not be put in combinations. '1 his contest is open to all. hut we .shall insist that all agents and publishers live clo.sely to the rules of each p iblisher. See where each p\iblication is quoted for fhe.se rules and we reserve the rignt to refuse all prizes and refuse the business of any agent or publisher that does not live to these rules. All qje^tions atiswered by letter promptlv about above offers. Address C. M. GOODSPEED, - SKANEATELES, NEW YORK. V SamDie page from our 1904 catalog. Ask for it. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 41. r fiTTnirh'rrTTirTT-rrinTB'ii'iriiffi'iiifnfr '-^"■■"■'— ■■ --"^t '^'^^'■•^i^ Farm Annual for LEADING AMERICAN SEED CATALOGUE Moilorl FOFF" ♦« all ^''° ^^°' *^^ BEST SEEDS! ailCU rntC lO ail Anelegant uew t ook of 178 pa sres. with huudreds of illustrations and six superb colored plates, it isnow brighter and better tiian ever before. Manv new features for I9f4,— including valuable RARE NOVELTIES which cannot be had else- where. Write TO-DAYI A postal card will secure a copy by first mail,— provided you intend to purchase seeds; otherwise the price is ten cents, which is less than cost to us. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelphia, Pa. ACME Pulverizing Clod Crusiier and Leveier Agents )fl/anted. AJMES ]ie Acim tuTi-i Hi li V (.!-?447lh Ave. South Minneapolis. 1310 W. t,h btreet, Kansas Oily. Jfl^iHASh: M JO XlC(i., JPIatitb, Roses, Bulbs, Vines, Minaii Treesi^. Ktc, and guarantee safe arrival and satisfaclion, larger by express or froiirhf.. Directdi al in^nres you ihe bwst and saves you money. Try us. Yinr address on a postal will bring you our elegant 18.S pafre cataiogue free. Correspondence solici- ted. 50 yoars, 44 greenhouses, 1000 acr:_>s. TBIi: STORRS & HARRISON CO.. Box 141, PAINE&VILLE, OHIO. Strawberry Culture A OOpage book, makes you un- derstand the whole subject. Sent postpaid on receipt of 25c. silver or Ic stamps, V/orth four times tile piR-e. Money b'Ckii ou oon t thiuk .so. Beautiful illu^t^aled Strawberry Catalogue Free. W.F. ALLEN, SALIS:URY,MD. Farmers Voice Great Co=Operative Club S^nd us the names of ten friends or neighbor.s whom you believe will be interested in a journal staoding for the farmi-r's Des-iii tercets, and v. e w'U 8^-iid you 'hese five great periodicals eacii of which scmda at the head of its class. Faraer's Voice TulanvX' . $ . 601 Regular For forty years the most earnest sdvocate of all things which tend \K> make life on the farm more pieasurableaud profitable. Wayside Tales America's Great Short Story Magazine, 95 pages iu retjular ma- gazine size of clean stones every month on fine book paper. .03 Price e.io mouiu ou nne bouK paper. rliR The American Poultry Journal . 59 ( ^nly The oldest and best poultry paper in tlie world. The Household Realm . . .50 For 18 years tue only woman's paper owned, edited and put)- llsbed exclusively by women. M's Family Magazine . .50 Tiie leading Floral Magazine of America.^ For VIck's you may substitute Green's Fruit Grower, Farm Journal, Blooded Stock, Kansas City Star or St. Paul Dlspmch. .Sample copies of The Fanners' Voice free. Liberal terms to agents. VOICE PUB. CO., 11^ Voice Bldg., Chlcar*. FnVPlnnP^ printed-to-order, only *1 per 1000: send Hi 1 ckupc J, for free sample and state yonr bualseds. 42 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Jan. 1 TREES •_j(» variviieti.Al>oUrapei>,Sniall t ruitsei^-. ijest loot- ed stoct. Genuine, cheap. 'J sample currants mailed for loc. Desc. orice list free. LEWIS ltOE.'?t?I IVedonia. N. Y- [PEACH TREES Hardy, fruitful kinds. Honest values. 5c each. Apple trees, oj-^c. Concord grapes. $20 per lono. Kus- Bian Mulberry and Black Locust. tlAI) per KKIO. Kambler roses. -J-.c. «10 orders prepaid. Cataloc free. ♦iajre County Nurserlei* Box 847. Beatrice. NeT>. YOUR BUGGY DEALER Is Ag:ainst Us and wo can't blame buy a bujjpy direct from us you get it at wliolcsfile prices direct from our factory nr.d tliere is no I'l.Tnce for him to make any money out of you. This Is Exactly What We Do We sell you direct a buggy that has 100 Points of Merit and we also cWo you what no dealer ever thought of doing. We give you 30 Days' Free Trial that you may be more than satisfied with your bargain. This is our Celebrated Hmih Special For 1904. Made to Your Order Read and Note a Few of the Points of Merit. all found In the 1 904 SPLIT mCKOKY SPECIAL, TOP BUGOT. "Wheels — Sarven patent, 33 and 42 inches high or higher If wanted. Tiro 14 inch by i{ iiich thick, round edpe. Axles- Longdistance, dust proof, with cemented axle beds. 8prin|ss — Oil tempered, graded and graduated, 3 and 4 leaf. Wooden Spring Bar furnished regularly, Bailey Loop if preferred. IJphoIstcrlna: — Finest quality 16 oz. imported all wool broad- cloth cushion and back. Spring cushion and solid panel spring back. Top— Genuine No. 1 enameled leather quarters with heavy waterproof rubber roof and back curtain, lined and reinforced. Painting — Wheels, gear wood, body and all wood work carried lO'J days in pur© oil and lead. 16 coats of paint with the very highest grade of fuiishing varnish. Gear painted any color desired. Body plain black with or without any striping. This buggy is furnished complete with good, high padded, patent leather dash, fine quality, full length carpet, side curtains, storm apron, quick shifting shaft couplings, full leathered shafts with 36 inch point leathers, special heel braces and corner braces. Loniiitudinal Center Spring. Any reasonable changes can bo made In the finish and construction of this Buggy. We make it to suit the customer's taste, and guarantee it to please, no matter what the roquiremcnts are. These specilications are given here to aid you In ordering your buggy built to order just as you want it. Many thousands make no alterations from our chosen specifications, which oro the result of our years of eiporience in vehicle building. Send a post card requesting our new 1 904 Vehicle OataloKand g t all the details about modem buggy miking, order blank and full particulars. All FREE. S^nd for our Free lS6.pa|[0 CatuloK of Split Hickory Vehicles and Harness. THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFC. CO. II. O. PHELP8, President, 1220 Sixth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. NOTE— Wo c«irryB full lino nf hieh grade Harness sold direct to the user at who'?sale prices. IM (leniury Sprayer a small cut of which is shown in this artvM tisement.offersmoreadvantafrestotheorcnar ist, fruit grower.etc.tlian any otii sprayin;? outfit on the mari;et. Brass cylinder, brass valves, everlasting" fabric plunger packing and the only thoroughly reliable ag- itator. Cylinder 2'/; ins., stroke ■')ins. Then, too. it sell.-.at a lower price than other good pump.s. Send for handsome free catalogue, showing full line of pumps and twenty varie- ties of sprayers. THE DEMING CO., Salem. 0. NVe'iern Ai:eiits— lleiiion A- Hubli.ll, ( lurau-o, III. A fln«i Illustrated Catalog, either or Eng- seut free. SERIES Propr'tor Beatrloe, .Neb. tlORLlIEN MONEY 'MANN'S Latest Model Bone Cutter ^ives hens food which makesthem lay. Cuts al 1 bone, meat and gristle; never clogs. Ten Days' Free Trial. No money unti 1 sat'sfied that it ruts easiest andfastest. Return at our expense il not satisfied. Catalogue free. f.W. MANN CO., BOI 37 HILFORD, MASS. Make Your Own Fertilizer at Small Cost with Wilson's Phosphate Mills ^'^ From 1 to 40 H. P. Also Bone Cut- tcrs. hand and power, for the poiil- trymeu; I'ar.ii Feel MI11«, Gra. Iiain Hour Hand Mills, Grit and .Shell MilU. Send f..r .-Htaio-ue. WILSON ICKO.s.. .Sulo .MiVs., Eastuii, Pa. MAICE HENS PAY lumphrey Oppn Hopper Pone Cutter iampurej Kapid Clover Cutter will double your e^gylel'i anfl cut yotir feed io half. Guaranteed tocuteasier and fastsi than any other. Trial offer »nd catalogne free. Hl'JIPIIREY, MIneSt. Factory, Jollet, IlL POULTRY SUCCESS. nth Year. 30 TO 61 PAGES, The 20th Century Poultry Magazire Beautifully illustrateil.50c JT. , slir.ws reaiUTS li'iw to succeed with I'l ultry. .Special Introductory Offer. 3 rears 60 cts ; 1 year 2.') cts ; 4 months .rialiocts. Stampsaccepted. Sample copy free. H8 page illustrateo practical ulli y book free to yearly subscriber,.^. ..talogue of poultry publications free. Pnullry Slttess C«., spti,J.id.o. A THOUSiSiii D3LLAR EGG — ."V touching story of devotion telUmr how M.indr paid the mort^ajife and saved the farm tells how to make money from poultry. Also EgK record and Calendar f 01 l!l(H. Mailed free. tteo. II. Lee Co.. Oinah&, Neh. 1V04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 43 THIS IS THE INCUBATOR On 30 Days Fre» Trial. ROYAL t YCUl lliink. [.«j until , «n.i f 1 atal 1 plan, free, with poultry paper 1 year I'le ROYAL INCUBATOR CO Depl603, Oos Moines, I 382 FIRST PRIZES AWARDED PRAiRIE STATE IHCUBATOI^S AND BIIOODERS The (Jnited States Government continues to use them exclu- sively; also the larf^est poultry and duck breeders. Ourc:it:illr8. Pinkerton's Chick Food. It prevents bow- el trouble. It'sallfood — easily dijiested. Write for catalog of prize birdsalSt. Louis and Chicago 1903 Shows. Gives prices and valuable information. Anna L. Pinkerton Company, Box 23 , Hastings, Neb. GRANDEST FEATURE- "The removable chick tray is the grandest feature an incubator can have." lir.KUison, Poultry Judge, Id that about Ihe GEM INCUBATOR | Itisaconvenientincubator. Easyto S clean, simple to understand. Gives * no trouble. Write for free catalog. • GEM INCUBATOR COMPANY, Box 53, Dayfon, Ohio BI/ILT TO LAST Never outclassed— Sure Hatch Incubators. Built better than your liouse. No hotcenters; no chilling drauglits on sensitive \^ eggs. Every cubic in Ind. THE SUCCESSFUL -Natiu- ..f the beet Inoutatur and Brooder inaile. Ifa iiut a chaDce. They're right in principle, work lea^t attention and ult^ der all All it. Easte ipilj tilled fr.m Huffalo t,ou?e. Incu- bator Catal.r; free. »ith Piultry Caial -.• 10ct3. Des Moines Incubator Co. Dopt. 603, Des Moines, la. TRY AH IDEAL, J. W. Miller's incubator— made by the man who knows. It is really self-regulating. fi|„ii;.Ji^« 30 DAYS FREE TRIAL^^ Weget no money until you are p' fectly satisfied. Poultry Book Free. J. W. MLLLEK CO., Box 48, Freeport, 111. ^. iJ>oultry supplies and thoroughbred fovits^ % I O-30 For I A 200 Egg INCUBATOR Perlcit in eoiistruclio actidii. Hatoht'S every feriil..- egg. Write for catalog tu-ilay. GEO. H. STAHL, Qui Greider's Fine Catalog of Prize-Winning Poultry for 1904. This book Is printed in different col- ors. Contains a Fine Cliromo of lifelike fowls suitable for tram- ing. It illustraies and describes 60 varieties of poultry, ducks, geese, etc. It shows best ecjuip- ped poultry yardg and houses— how to build houses ;cur6 for diseases ; Best Lice Destroyer how to make hens lay; poultry supplies and such Inforraaiion asis of tnuch u-e to all who k ep chickens. Pr1ce^^ of egu-s and stock within reacti ofuU. Send 10 cents lor this noteti book. r n. H. GRKIDEK. RHEEnS, PA. 44 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. J^N. I ! :^ :^ :^ :4t :^ -^ :^ -^ :^ :^ :^ -^ -> . . New Brodbeck Cornell >i? Double=Blast| Smoker. t Patented Oct. ii, i892. We have now made arrangements by which we can furnish the Brod- beck patented features in our regu- lar Jumbo 4 inch-barrel smoker. It has an inner barrel, or blast-chamber, in which the fuel is placed so that the fire d es not come in contact with the smoker-cup proper. In use the blast in forced against a deflector from which it is then driven between the inner and outer bar- rel, and also through the grate and fuel. The direct effect of this is to create a double blast — a cold and a hot — to increise the force of the blast, and to prolong the life of the smoker because the outer barrel will be nealy cold. The smoke will not be quite so dense and pungent as in the hot blast smokers of standard pattern ; but there are some who may prefer a stronger blast, even if the smoke is less pungent. Price of the Brodbeck Cornell, d?_ G/-v 4- inch size, $1.50, or postpaid. JJJ^The A. I. ROOT COMPANY, MEDINA, OHIO. ^ i»i (to Mir \ •est Bee-Roods in tHe World are no 'oetter than those we make, and the chances are that tiiey are not so good. If you buy of us yo'u. will not be disappointed. We we undersold by no one. Send for 'V catalog and price list and free copy of THB .iViERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its thirteenth year ; 50 cents a year ; especially for beginners. U/ye W^. T. Falconer Man'f g Co.. Jamestown, New York. W. M. Gerrish, Epping, New Hampshire, carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save the freight. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 45 FOR QUEENS From Best Italian Stock SI.OO, Select $1.25. Address J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Fla. 'Uhe Best Honey Queens on Record Are those reared by The_ BKE & HONKY CO, Will Atchley, Manager. We breed six distinct races in their pu itj', from fi to Ho mil s a part, queens ready to go now. Wc make a specially ot one, two and three-'rame 111 clei und queens in large has Wiite tor piices, they will astonish you We guarantee safe arrival and perfect s ti.-factiou. Address all orders lo ^he Bee (Si Honey Co., (Bee Co., Box 79.) Beeville. Tex. Bee Supplies DON'T WAIT any LONGER to Buy. BIG DISCOUNTS for Orders Now. "Write to us to day and say what you want and ^etour prices. Kew Catalog will soon be out. It is free. We a'so handle HOOSIER INCUBATORS AND BROODERS. O. IVI. Soo-t-b & Oom|3any^, Dept. G. I004 E. Wash Street, INDIANAPOLIS. IND. Ho! Bee-Reepers! Attention! The Hyde Bee Company Cine ). cafitfl stock 830 CfO with 'he be.'t trains to be had, and nearly I'OO colonies of bees, aie again offering 1 ees and queei'S foimaiket. We are Texas's largest apiarisis and for years have 1 een br< ecing ui> our i-tock lo the hiphes' point of excrlUnce. We make a specialty cif Hyde's Imperial Golden Italians, and Hide's N" nswarmnig, loiig-tonge 3-t)and Italians I'nt. queens, either lact, rntil Jure Isl, $1 00; six for j5. CO: tv elve for $9 00 Se1»cl wan anted 25c, at d tested 50 ceits additional. S^ led tested, r2 CO. biet ders 3-band, $3C0, goldens. |'>.00 Ordeis re ceived until March 1st at 10 percent Ic-s than above prices; after June 1st, 2o per cent dis^count from above piicts. Circulars free, postal gels it. f*^mfs»^ Tf ^^alY^^n^fvS ^'^ ^''^ headqtiarlers for the best and cheapest honev * ^•^**^ AJ^^r .ai^^yf^^jA »» cans, and solicit your trade. We ore in the market for Comb and Extracted H in y. Lt t u- make an f fTer on j'our crop whf n readv. Don't forget to give us a show when you go to I u> cans or .<-ell honey. We aie the largest honey dealeis in the United States. THE HYDE BEE COMPANY, Successors to O. P. Hyde & Son. FLOR.ESVILLE, TEXAS. ->i. ,T«y .=^ '7^ j^y ^ -^ ^ Kretchivier Manfc. Co. Box60, RED OAK. IOWA. 3 per cent Discount during January. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large .^to'k and greatest vari- ety ( f ev< rv thinp needed in the apiarv, as- suring BKST g' cdsatthe I.OWE.ST prices, and prompt shipment We want every hfe k. epei tohaveour FREEIIvLUSIR \.T- F.D CATALOG, ant read description of Alteinating Hive.'-, Ferguson Sup rs. US' IV RITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. I Tresfer Supply Com pan j-. Lincoln. Neb. Shugart & ouren. Cotincil Bluffs, Iowa. Chas. A. Meyers, Leipsic, Ohio. 46 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 J^4^^^^(Cr0^ f-A&Q^ Squabs are raised in 1 month, bring big prices. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, women. Here is something worth looking into. Send for our Free BooK, " How to Make Money With Squabs " and learn this rich industry. Addre.ss PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO.. ig Friend St., Boston, Mass. one season, planting in ro- tation cauliflower, cucum- bers, egg-plants, in beauti- ful, health-giving Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-growers. Thousands of acres open to free homestead entry. Handsomely illustrated de- scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchanjjre in Vir- ginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Line Railway, Portsmouth, Va. Splendid Location for Bee=keepers. BEE-KEEPERS, FARMERS. ^ ^^^"* ^'^^ ^" ^° _ send for free catalog, GARDNERS. ORCHARDISTS. worlds fair edition describing the best hive e%-er made. Contains the principles of the J. A. Golden hive. My book, THE QUEEN BEE, tells why you should keep bees. It tells BEGINNERS IN BEE-KEEPING wllV thej' Should and how they can begin right. Price, long as the present edition lasts, 25 cents, with supplement. First come first served. T. K. MASSIE. Tophet. W. Va. For Sale.— 900 colonies of Italian, Carniolan. and hybrid bees. Will sell all, or one-half interest. W. ly. COGGSHALL. Groton, N. Y. IVANTED.— Your address on a postal for a little "' book on Queen-Reariug. Sent free. Address Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass. \1AANTED.— The address of all who are still in need " of cartons. Quirin the Queen breeder. Bellevue, Ohio. w ANTED— To sell 200 colonies of black and hybrid bees in box and frame hives. Address E. A. Simmons, Fort Deposit, Ala yV ANTED— To send handsome calendar free to '' those in need of first class printing. Estimates free. 100 envelopes, note-heads, or statements, 40 c; 2.50, $1.00 postpaid. Young Brothers, Printers, Girard, Pa. WANTED.— To sell 140 strong, healthy colonies of pure Italian and hybrid bees, in one-story 8-fr. L,. hives. Wired combs built on foundation. Winter stores. Price |3.50. Also complete outfit cheap. No failures in 10 years. T. H. Waale, .'iara. Clarke Co., Wash. w w^ ANTED— Second-hand 10-frame HoflFman hives also fixtures, sundries, etc. John H. Dierker, 44:^0 S. 10th St., St. I^ouis, Mo. VIZ ANTED— To sell or exchange The Girard Adjusta- ble and .Self-locking Wagon-jack, or a local in- terest in making and selling the fame. G. E Archibald, Patentee, Girard, Pa. WANTED.- To sell apiarian outfit of 200 colonie.* Italians in Dovetailed hives, in best white-clover part of Minnesota (also basswood and goldenrod); to a buj'er of the lot, colonies at Jt.OO, and accessories at one-half list price; combs 20c a square foot. X Y' Z, Gleanings. WANTED.— To sell best type-writer for bee-keepers: practical, handy, low-priced. For exchange. Mann green-bone mill, good as new, cost $16.00. Want 8-frame 1,. or Dovetailed hives or extracting supers for same; extracting-combs from healthy apiary; double shotgun 16 gauge. Hakry Lathro'p, Monroe, Wis. WANTED— To sell 70 colonies of bees in 10 fr. Rooi hives, largely on Hoffman wired frames, with full sheets of foundation, strong; warranted until April, 1904. Price $3.50 ptr colony, ca.sh or on time Will pay salary to right man willing to do other work I will furnish room in village or country for this or other apiaries. I,ocality is good and unoccupied; rich thickly settled country; home and near-by market; fix tures at half price. ' R. G. J irdan. Chenoa, 111. WANTED. —To sell my home, consisting of Sroomed house, cistern, and running water; barn, 24x36 shopand honey-house.]Sxo4,aud3acresof land; togeth er with my bees, underground bee-rep "'sitory, queen business, and good will. My best breeding-queens go with the bees See pp. 295, 935, Gl' anings for 190!^ Will move about 2u rods on old Doolittle home-stead and am willing to help the purchaser a month or so for the first year or two. Reason for selling, over worked. Price $2500. G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y. Wants and Exchange. Notices will be Inserted under this head at 15 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department must not ex ceed five lines and you must SAT you want your advertise mentintliis department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you liki-. but all over live lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is i)\tended only for bona-fide ex changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notice-. offering articles for sale, can not l)e inserted under this head. For such our regular rates of 20 cts. a line will b<- chargnd, and they will be put with the regular advertise- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris ing from these " swaps." W7ANTED. — To exchange pair Morgan horses fen " honey, bees, or hives. Elias Fox, Hillsboro, Wis. ANTED— To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping can, for honey. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. w w ANTED— To exchange modern firearms for iucu bators, bone-mills, and shell-mills. Address 216 Court St., Reading, Pa. W^ RANTED.— To exchange for a Barnes Saw, or any thing I can use in my apiary, a fly shuttle carpet- loom (Dean's), good as new; cost $60.00 when new; will take $25 00 cash. My bees and supply business take all my lime, so I can not weave carpets anymore E. R. Fosmire, Cromwell, Iowa. WANTED— To exchange Italian queens for incuba tors. Must be in good condition. I,et me know what you have. J- F. Michael, Rt. No. 1, Winchester, Ind. WANTED— To exchange one high-grade typewriter, one incubator, 200-egg capacity, encyclopaedia of 15 volumes, 200 volumes books, foundation, bee sup plies, 100 colonies bees, etc. Send for list. Wanted- Honey. beeswax, Root-German wax-press, and real estate F. H. McFarland, Hvde Park, Vt. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 47 S ,^^^. Walter S. Pouder. Established 1889. ^ •♦* ee=keepers' Supplies. I ^-.. Dee=Kee.Ders s ^ Distributor of Root's Goods from the best shipping ^ "^K point in the Country. My prices are at all times ^ ^i identical with those of the A. I. Root Co , and I can ^ ■s^ save you money by way of transportation charges. -^ |; Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb J J Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee ^ ^ Smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, ^ ^ and, in fact, everything used by»Bee-keepers ^ v^ ^ ^ Headquarters in the West for the Danzenbaker Hive which ^ ^ is so rapidly araining- in popularity amoaj^ our most successful -^ »fx comb-honey producers. Investig-ate its merits. ^ ^ No order too small, and none too lar^e. " Satisfaction j^uar- ^ ^ anteed " g-oes with every shipment. A pleased customer is the ^ '^ best advertisement that my business has ever had. Remember '**^ ■^ that it is always a pleasure to respond promptly to any commu- ^ *|4 nication pertaining- to the bee or honey industr}^ j&*_ ^ Beeswax Wanted. «= = I pay highest market price for beeswax. ^ ^ delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make small ship- ^ '♦ ments by express; large shipments by freight, always being j^ ■^ sure to attach your name on the packag-e. ^^ ^ Take Notice. ==Finest Comb and Extracted Honey on hand at all ^ ■^ times. I handle several carloads during- a season, and if your ^ M4 local demand exceeds your supply I can furnish you promptly, m^. r and at prices that will justify you in handling it. If interested ^^ ■>|C write for my special price list of honej'. ^ ik ^'^ ^ r\y illustrated Catalog is mailed free to every applicant. Ad- "^^ *^ dress j'our communications to "i^ I WALTRR S. POUDER, } 4 513=515 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 4 48 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 1 PRICE ON SQUARE CANS WITHDRAWN. The 190i Annual Report of tbe National Bee-keep- ers' Ai-sociation, p a>. gi%es prices of tin honey-liack- apres. I am mlornitd that lho.=e prices will not be granted any longer. N. E. Fr.\nce, Gen. Man. NEW ADVERTISrNG RATES. We desire to call the attention of our advertisers and othtrrs iiUere>ttd to the new adverti.sing rates found on page (i; h\ro to the new rate of 15 cts. per line for Want and Exchange ads. LAVA SOAP. See our notice in this column. Dec. 1. The only soap that will leniove propolis, so far as we know. Go 'd also for machinists, printers or any cLiss whose work soils the hands. Prire.s as follows: Per cake 10 cents: box of 12 cakes $1 00 100 cakes in wooden box, fS.OO. Postage, if wanted by mail. 8 cents extia. PLEASK MENTION GLEANINGS. It will be a gf' at favor, not only io the putilishers of Gleanings but to our advertisers as well, if our read- ers will be sure to mention Gleanings in Bfe Cul- ture when writing to the advei tisers of this paper. COMB and >XTRACTED HONEY. We have on hand a large stock of comb and extract- ed honey of pure quality. A full schtdu'e of prices pronipily sent on apiOication. We can ship extracted in bulk or jars also from ou' Chicago branch. CHESHIRE'S BEES AND KEE-KEEPING VOL. II. (PRAC- TICAL). This bonk is now out of print, but we, fortunately, fovind a tew copies on y which we can siipply while the present stock lasts, at |3.'J5 tach postpaid. Do n t delav ordering if you v ant to obtain a copy of this gieat woik. THREE PER CENT DISCOUNT FOR JANUARY ORDERS. The discount for January cash orders is 3 per cent. The orders receiver dm ing the past few months, tak- ing advantage of the eaily order discou' t, have been most giatifying, and inaicite increasing confidence in the busines-i of raising honey. Dealers, too, have been pouring in their orders for early shipment as well as advance payment for the .same Altliough we have been rushing things all the fall, and have shipped more ihan ten cars in excess of any previous jea' to the s^me date, .still we have orders for more cars on our books uiifil ed than we ever had. If we did not get another order it would take us two months to fill what we have on hand now. But moi e are com- ing in, and we hope to reach them all in good lime. While there has been some comi laint bt caise of in- ert ased prices, nade nece-sary by increased co-t of lumber, the great majority recognize the neces-sity and accept the situation. At any late we can not com- plain ol any hesitancy on he placine of orders We regrf t the necessity for advancing prices, as much as any one for it makes ns lots or trouble to change pnc s. and we do so onU when forced to it by changed conditions. The increase in business reaches everv de- partment, and is a compliment to the high standard of excellence we endeavor to reach. ADVENTURES IN HIVELAND, BY FRANK STEVENS. We have ju.st received a copy of this book fr' m the publishers in I,oudon, and quote as follows from their prospectus: This is a story of boe-lifo, told in such a form that it will appeiil to ctiildren. Throughout thp book the hive is viewed from the insi'e by two children, who are enabled to do so by the good servii'es of an « If man. The whole history of the habits of these interesting in- sects, a" here given, is ahsclutt ly aceuratf. and many facts with regard to bees which are not generally known are here told in so interesting and entertaining a way that the didac- ,tio nature of the book is ingeniously disguised. The author has devoted many years to the study of this branch of natu- ral history, and presents the observations of his trained mind in a very clear fgrm. Alike to old and young the book will unHoutjfedly atford entertainment and instruction. The illustrat'ons are drawn from life, and great c re has been taken that the pictures of the bees, the comb, the cf lis, and soon, be absolutely true to nature Although great stress is laid on the fact that this book is scientitic: ll.v accurate, it should be clearly understood th.it it is entirely fre" from technii-id and other phrases which would not iippeal 'o the ,iuvi'nile mind, and that every detail is comprehensivtl discussed in idain English. We have given the book onlv a hiirti'-d e-^amina- tion, but think it ver\ deserving of a place in the li- brary of any bee-keeper or an\ one interested in bee- life. It will be fuund especiallj' valuable, we believe, bv teachers Crown 8vo, gilt cloth, $1.25, postpaid; supplied by this office. Special Notices by A. I. Root. TEMPER AN'CR, PURITY, AND GODI TNE=S. Our old friend A T. C^ok. of Hyde P.ark. N. Y., sends out a larger and nicer catalog of garden seeds, etc.. and actuall takes .space on its crowded payes to plead for tetnperance pur-ty. and godliness. It is re- freshing to find a seed catalog that not onlv refuses to sell tobacco seed, but uses its vahiahle space to remon- strate with the boys on commencing to use tobacco. Pri-f exhortations' for righteousness are scattered all through its pages. PRUNING FRUIT-TREES. GRAPEVINES, ORNAMENTAL TRKFS. FTC. One of the most valuable birl'etins is=ued bv the De- partment of .Agriculture is Farmers' Bulletin 181, en- lit'ed ' Pruning." It is a bulletin of -10 paees fully ilUts rated, and up to the limes. Every one who h-sa farm, or even a door\ard or some r rnametital trees in front of his house should have this htilletin in order to V now how to care for trees and vines int' lligently. Jii't send a postal card to the Depar'men* of Aericiil- tnre Washington, D C, and ask for Farmers' Bulletin No. 181 BARNS AND OUTBUILDINGS. The above book we have sold for the last twenty yf ars or more Jrist now we have a new edition, clear lip to dale, containing over -100 pages rnd ST-'i illustra- tions. It goes so fir in including every buildit i Danzenbakei» Hives, Root's tJov'd Hives, Root's Chaff Hives, Hilton Chaff Hives, Hilton T-Supeps, Co«ian ExtPaetoPs, Copneil Smokeps, The Doolittle Wax- extpaetops, and Ri- ley Tpaps, ete., ete. As well as. Weed Foundation, Section Boxes, Sec- tion-presses, Enamel - cloth. Brushes, Honey - boards. Tin Rabbits, Taps for cutting-screw- holes, and Manum Swarm-catchers. Write for descriptive matter regarding Hilton Chaff Hives and T-supers, with prices on the number you think of purchasing. 36-PAGE CATALOG FREE GEO. F. HILTON, Fremont, Mich. The Danzenliaker Hive The Comb-honev Hive. THREE POINTS OF EXCELLENCE: Please send to my address Danen- baker's "FACTS ABOUT BEES." tell- ing about the Danzenbaker hive. Address . OualityYou can produce better-looking honey. Ouantity""Y<^^ can produce more of it. p^j(>^--You can get more per pound for it. The Danzy Book of " FACTS ABOUT BEES " teUs aU about it, and what successful bee keepers say in favor of it. We want to send it to you. Root's Good's sold in Michi- gan by M. H. HUNT & SON. Send for Catalog. The Danz. Hive-Sold in Michigan by M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branchy Mich. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. SS l^t^M^B^^Ha^^i^MI^^ Headquarters for SUPPLI Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices. Large, complete stock now ready; liberal dis- count on earl}' orders; insure you prompt service and lowest freight rates. Give me your orders and you will save money. Cata- log free — send for same. SEEDS or DIFFERENT HONEY-PLANTS. Let me book your order for QUEENS (see catalog, page 29) as stock for early orders is limited. NUCLEI ready to supply, begin- ning June. C. H. W. WEBER, Office and Salesroom, 2146 and 2148 Central Ave. Warehouse, Freeman and Central Aves. CINCINNATI, OHIO. «^P««M^^M^B««S 56 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs uiisoiled by travel- stain or otherwise ; all the cells sealed exceut an occasional cell, the outside snrfoceof the wood well scraped of propolis. ANo.l.— All s ■'■. on; well filled except the row of cells next to the v/oo 1 ; t 'uihs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, oi't li,; out ire surface slightly soiled ; the out- eide of the wood well bcrape 1 of propolis. No. 1.—.A.I1 sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soi.eil. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be cla-ssified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Buffalo. — Since the finst of the year there is no ini- provenieiit in the demand for honey. The demand is very slow, and not much prospects of improvement. Fancy white comb, l;^'4(a)l-l: A No 1. white comb, 13a) ].3'i:"No. I, white comb 12^0)13; No. 2, llr^l2 No. 3, ]0@11; No. 1 dark, 11(3112; No. 2 dark, H)(q\) 1. White extracted. 6^@7; dark, 5:a6. Beeswax, 28@30. W. C. TOWNSEND, Jan. 9. 178 & 180 Perry St., Buffalo, N. Y. Chicago. — The new year opens with a quiet trade in honey, retailers usually having a supply from the stocSc laid in to make a good show at the holiday time. Prices are without essential change in No. 1 to fancv comb, which brings about 13c, very little doing in off grades at from one to three cents less. Extracted white grades bring from 6c to 7c according to flavor and other qualities ; ambers about Ic less; especially weak are those lacking in flavor and body. Beeswax steady at 28 to 30. R. A Burnett & Co., Jan. 9. 199 So. Water at., Chicago. Boston. — There is but little new to note in our hon- ey market. Stocks are ample, and prices as follows: Fancy white, 16; A No. 1, 15; No, 1, 14 Extiacted, 6 to 8, according to quality. Blake, Scott & I,ee, Jan. 11. Boston, Mass. Cincinnati. — The market on comb honey has weak- ened, as the supply- has been larger than the demand. Fancy water-white at He: off .srades, lower. Extract- ed, amber, in barrels, o],i(aii3% cts.; in tiO-lb. cans, ]4c more; alfalfa, water-white, 6(a6^; fancy white-clover, 7@8. Beeswax, good demand, 30c for nice C. H. W. Weber. Jan. 9. 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. Columbus. — Prices are somewhat easier, but the de- mand is improving somewhat. Market is ranging from 12 @ 1.5 on No. 1 and fancy white, amber, 11 (g)12; buckwheat, 9@10. We are in position to handle con- signments on all grades. Evans & Turner, Jan. 7. Columbus, Ohio. Phil.adelphia. — Very little call for honey in the last ten days. Immediately following the holidays there is very little call for sweets, and trade is always dull the first part of January. There have been some arrivals with few sales. We quote fancy comb. 15(0.16; No. 1. 13@14; buckwheat, 12(gl3. Extracted, fancy, white, 7(g!8: amber, ^(cv" Beeswax in great demand at 31. We are producers of honey, and do not handle on commission. Wm. A. Selser. Jan. 8. 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Toledo — The market on hotiey is better than when we last wrote you and prices are the .'ame Fancy white clover comb, sells at 16; No. 1, ditto, 15; amber, 14. Extracted in barrels, 7; iu cans, 7^. Beeswax, 28 @30, Griggs Bros., Jan. 8. Toledo, O. For Sale.— 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in cases of two new 60-lb. cans each, at 714 cts. per lb.; 335-lb, barrels at 7 els. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R R. No 1, Viola, Wis. For Sale. — Thirty barrels choice extracted white- clover honey Can put it up in au3' style of package desired. Write for prices, mentioning style of pack- age, and quantity wanted. Sample mailed on receipt of three cents in P. O. stamps. Kmil J. B.axtek. Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale. —Extracted honey. Finest grades for ta- ble use. Prices quoted on application. Sample ly mail, 10 cts. to pay for package and postage. Orel 1^. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value f^r beeswax at any time of the year. Write us if 3'ou have any to dispose of. Hll.DRKTH & SeGELKEN, 26.5-267 Greenwich St., New York. For .Sale.— 1000 lbs. No. 1 white comb, at lie. and 2000 lbs. No. 1 extracted, at 7^c. W. D. Soper. Route 3, Jackson, Mich. For Sale— 5000 lbs. of fine comb and extracted hon- ey, mostlv all comb. L. W'erner, Box 387. Edwardsville, 111. For Sale. — Fancy basswood and white-elovfr hon- ey: 60-lb cans. 8c; 2 cans or more, 7'-4c; bbls , 7'/^c. E. R. Pahl & Co., 294 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. For Sale.— Fancy and A No. 1 comb honev from alfalfa, in Danzenbaker 4x5 sections. Write for prices. Wm. Morris, Route 1, I,as Animas, Col. W.anted — Cotab and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantit3-. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — Honey. Selling fancy white, 15c; amber, 13c. We are in the market for either local or car lots of comb honey. Write us. Evans & Turner, Columbus, Ohio. Wanted. — Comb honey. We have an unlimited de- mand for it at the right price. Address, giving ({uanti- ty, what gathered from, and lowest cash price at your depot. State also how packed. Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111., or Manzanola, Colo. Wanted. — Beeswax; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. For .Sale. — 5000 lbs best pure clover honey, in bar- rels and 60 lb cans, at Oi^c and 7 c per lb.; 6J^ c for the lot. F. B. Cavanagh, McBain, Mich. For Sale.— 1000 lbs. beeswax. Address Dr. George D. Mitchell, 310 4th St., Ogden, Utah. HONEY QUEENS I shall continue breeding tho^e fiue queens for the coming season of 1904. Meantime I shall carry over a large number of queens in nuclei with which to fill orders the coming winter and early spiing. I am breeding the Holy Lands, the Golden and Leather strains of pure Italians. Your orders will receive prompt and careful attention. Single queen, $1.25; five for $5 Ou. Breeders of either race, J3.00 each. W. H. Laws, BeeviHe, Texas. Ceo. J. Vande Vord Queen-breeder. Daytonia, Fla. Squabs are rai.-^td in 1 month, bnng big prices. Eager niarktt. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, women. Here is something worth looking into. Send for our Free BpoH, " How to Make Money With Squabs," and learn this rich industrv. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO., i<) Friend St., Boston, Mass. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 57 If You Are Not a Subscriber To the Bee keepers' Review, let me explain what it is trying to do. It is woiking hard to establish a It is encouraging hee-keepers to go bej-ond the man- aging of a single apiary. It is bringing to light and teaching methods that enable one or two men to man- age several apiaries. It is securing as correspondents men who have done this and made >notify It is en- couraging bee keepers, sfter they have secured a crop, to make the mos-t of it, to sell it to advantage — to adopt business methods— the same as is done in other lines of business. To Illtistrale: Mr. E. D. Townsend, the most extensive bee-keeper in Michigan, managed an out apiary .50 miles from home, for two vears, by visiting it cin\y four times a year, and the profits of each visit were One Ilnndred and Fiftx DolJavs. I ast ytar it was visited only i/iree times. In the Jan- uary Review Mr' Townsend begins a series of articles in which he will describe his methods. Last year Jlr. F. IJ. Atwater, of Idaho, with only one helper, AInni:ip;-ecI Eleven ^4pifiries, scattered from seven to eighteen miles from home, and in the January Review he has a long article de- scribing the hives, implements, and methods that enabled him to accomplish this feat. Mr. M. A. Gill, of Colorado, last year, with the assistance of his wife and one other helper, managed 1100 colonies, increased them to KiOO, and shipped Two Crirloads of Coml) /lone.v. Before the opening of the season, the Review will publish an article from Mr. Gill in which he tells ex- actly how he manages -particularly in regard to the swarming problem After the crop of honey is off the hives, the battle is only half won, the Selling; is liti'ially Imiiortant. The Review will probably do some of its best work the coming year in showing bee-keepers how to dis- pose of their crops to the best advantage. For instance, before the time comes for selling this year s crop of honey, the Review will publish an artich- fr. _ One session of the dairymen's convention will be a joint session with the inst tu'e, and one sess on of the bee-keepers' convention will be a joint session with the institute. There will be half fare on all Michigan railroads. Dinner and ■•upper can be secured at the College; but visitors will have to go to L,ansing for breakfast and lodging. There is an electric line that takes passen- gers from the College to l,ansing for five cents. W. Z. Hutchinson. Our Advertisers and Advertising. If you are in need of help for your apiar3', or want a situation, or to dispose of a lot of second-hand fixtures, or want to buy same, try an ad. in our want column. Sec page 98 for rates. This is what one who has used it .'■ays: Gentlemen .-—"Liasl season I advertised for help in . . . .... and Gleanings. Results were one reply; . . ,3; Glfanings, 17. ,So here we are again. I en- close $1.00 for the want below in vour Want Column, as many times as this pays the bill. Yours resp'y, Berthoud, Colo., Jan. 11, 1904. W. Hickox. Have you a farm, apiar- , or other property for sale? Try our For Sale column. See page 98 20,000 copies of Gleanings each issue will carry your adv. all over the United States. CKas. Israel (Si Brothers 480-4QO Canal St., New YorK. Wholesale Dealers and Commission Merchants in Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. Consignments Solicited. Established 1875. EDUCATED TREES BRED FOR BEARING TRUE TO NAME because all our Buds are cut from our own 'Fruit Belt" Bearing Trees. Illustrated Catalog free. WEST MICHIGAN Nurseries, Box 63, BENTON HARBOR, MICH. The Fruit Grower, published at St. Joseph, .Mo., will be sent! year i£ jou send 25c and names ot 10 farmers who grow fruit. "The Fruit- Grower is the best fruit paper we havf , East or VVesff"— Prof. Price, Dean Ohio Agl. College. Illustrated. Renilir price 60o a year. For sample address FRUIT-GROWER CO., 3 1 4S. 7th St.. St. Joseph, Mo. If you are intere.'ited in Cuba and wan* the truth about it, subscribe tor the HAVANA POST, the only English paper on the Island. Published at Havana' Cuba. |1 .00 per month, $10.00 per year. Dal- ly (ejccepr Monday). 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 59 I. J. Stringfham, New York, keeps in stock several car-loads of Apiarian Supplies of the latest pat- terns, and would be pleased to mail you his ls>04 catalog-. Bees in season. Apiaries, Qlen Cove, L. I. Sales Rooms, 105 Park PI., New York. This space is reserved for JOHN M. DAVIS, The Tennessee Queen -breeder. QUEENS! ATTENTION! QUEENS! During li)04 we will raise and offer you our 1 est queens. Untested, $1 00 each $.5.00 for 6; (f9.00 for 12 Tested queens, fl.50 each; best bleeder's, |.5 00 each. One two, and three frawe nuclei a specialty Full coloni< s, and bees by the car-load. Prompt attention to your orders, ad safe arrival guaranteed. Satis- faction will be our constant aim. We breed I'aliaus Ca niolans. tvprians, and Holy-L,ands in separate yards, 5 to 25 miles apart Our stock can not be excelled in the world, as past records prove. New blood and the best to be had. Queens will be reared under the supetvis-i m of E J. Atchley. a queen-breeder for 30 years. Write for catalog telling how to rear queens, and keep bees for profit. THE SOUTHLAND QUEEN, $1.00 per year. THe Jennie A.tcHley Co., Box 18 Beeville, Tex. ♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦< I GLEANINGS IN BEE. CULTURE: J AND \ { ^ -^ ^/ye AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL -^ ^ < ♦ (If you are not now a subscriber to the American Bee Journal.) * t BOTH ONE YEAR FOR. ONLY $1.60. < E HAVE made arrangements with the publishers of The American Bee * Journal (issued weekly), so that we can furnish that magazine with Glean- ^ ings in Bee Culture — both one year for but $1.60; provided you are not i now a subscriber to The American Bee Journal. ^ This is a magnificent offer, and should be taken advantage of by all ^ of our readers who are not now getting The American Bee Journal regu- < lariy. These papers, although on the same subject, are conducted so differently, < and contain such a variety of reading matter, that every bee-keeper should have ^ them both. And they can be had for a whole year for $1.60. Address all orders to i ^he A. I. ROOT COMPANY. \ MEDINA. OHIO. < >♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦< ANOTHER GREAT VICTORY for Grimm sap-spouts and sugar-utensils. First prize in the Veimont Maple-Sugar Makers' Association at Burlington, Vt., Jan 5. 1904. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: C. J. Bell, George H. Soule, P. B. B. Northrop, and W. G. Otis own the larg- est maple groves in Vermont, and have equipped their entire bush with Grimm spiuls You run no ris-k. They tried it and other makes last season. One fourth more sap is guaranteed without injurv to vour trees. Samples and sysiem for tapping free. G. H. GRIMM, RUTLAND, VT. \ Frtiit-growers 1 Regular price 50 cents. ■^ read the best fruit-paper. SEND TEN CENTS and the names and addre.sses of ten good fruit growers to,SOUTHERN FRUIT GROWER.. Chattanooga, for six months' trial subscription. I Best authority on fruit-growing. Sample fiee if you mention this paper. # 60 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 Over 15 Months Go%s for only $1. To a New Subscriber to the WEEKLY AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. To new subscribers for 1904 (at SI. 00) we will send all the numbers of the Bee Journal (so long as they last,) if requested, containing the C?:=q Los Angeles Convention Report of the National Bee=Keepers' Association. This will be over a quarter of a year's numbers FREE, or 68 copies in all, for only a dollar. Now is the time to subscribe. See the December numbers of Gleanings for what the Weekly American Bee Journal contains. A Solid Gold Fountain Pen. Finally, we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in price. The manufacturers of this Pen say that if you pay more than $1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name. This Pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat- isfaction. The Gold Nibs i.re 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium. The Holders are pure Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with di- rections and Filler. How To Get This Fountain Pen. We send it postpaid for $1.25, by return mail, or with the Weekly American Bee J ournal a whole y ear, for $2.00. This Fountain Pen would be a splendid gift to a friend or relative. Why not order both Pen and Journal lor some bee-keeper as a present? The Novelty Pocket= Knife, Your Name on the Knife.— When ordering, be sure to say just what name aud address you wish put on the Knife. The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the handle. It is made beautifully of indestrui tible culluloid, which is as transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle, is placed the name and residence of any one desired, and on the other Slide pictures of a Queen, Drone and Worker, as shoAnheie. The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very bast quality; the blades aie hand-forgtd out of the very finest Eng ish razor- sieel, and we warrant every blade. T he bolsters are made of (ierman silver, and will never rust or corrode. The rivets aie hardened German silver wire; the linings are p^ate brass; the back springs of Sheffield spring steel, and the finish of the handle as described above. It will last a life-time, with proper usage. Why Own the Novelty Knife? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty" is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return ii; otherwise to try to destroy the name and address, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and vou meet with a serious accident, and are so fortunate as to have one (if the " Novelties," your Pocket Kntfe will serve as an identifier: and in case of death, your relatives will ai once be notified of the accident. How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother give to a son, a wife to a husband, a s-ister to a bro her, or a lady to a gentleman, the knife having the name of the re- cipient on one side? The accompany ing cut gives a fa'nt idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of this beautiful knife, as the "Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated. How to Qet this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or with the Weekly American Bee Journal for one year, both for $2.00. Please allow about two weeks for your Knife order to be filled. pS.- To those new subscribers who take either the Knife or Pen with the Weekly American Bee Journal (at S2 00), we will also send the back numbers beginning with the National Convention Report, as stated above, so long as they last. Sample Copy of Bee Journal free for the asking. Send all orders to GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & M6 E. Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 61 % WE OUTGREW OUR OLD QUARTERS ! The «Towins- demands of a RAPIDLY INCREASING BUSINESS have moved us. We are now located at SI \A/AL.IMUT STfSJEET. We have increased facilities, and a new, well - supplied up to- date stock. Every thine: that bee-keepers need and demand, "^he Best Bee Supplies in .A.Tnericsi. Special discount for early orders Send for catalog. Queen bees and nuclei in season. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, 0. MarsHfield Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. "Uhe MarsKlielcl Maniufactu.ring Company, Marsl^ilelcl, Wis. If tlie BE-ST Queens are ^vKat yoti want. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee ami Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than KKKI tinf queens in stock r ady tor early orders. We guarantee satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, wo, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in .sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and five bai.ded Itali ms, Tyiirians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queen*, ii;]. 5) each;G for %.~iXt\, or $12.01; per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italirtus, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, f2.5i each. All others $4.01) eacli for straight breeders of th: ir sect. Untested queens Irom either race, 88 cts each; 6 for $4.59, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address XHe Bee and Honey Co ( -iee Co. Bok 79), Beeville, Xex. Try Case Strain. They make the whitest comb hotiey: Inve proved best for extracled especially in Cuba; are but little iuclined to swarm Queens are carefiiUv bred byexpeits Two firms have bought 900 each for their own yards. Our reputation is .'^econd to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning better queens, earlier and more of ihem, for liJOJ. Circular for the asking. J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. Bees and Queens. A full line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies always on hand, including Root's hives, sections, and Weed Process Foundation. Bees and Queens in their Season. Catalog free. "W. 'W. CARY (SL SON, Lyonsville, Mass. 62 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 Otir NeAV Catalog is Now^ Ready. Sixty-eig'Kt Pag'es Illustrating, describing, and listing all of the standard, finest, and up-to-date articles used by Bee-keepers. SEND FOR A COPY AT ONCR. Discount for Early Orders ! TKree Per Cent During January. Leivis' One-piece Hig'Hly PolisKed Sections are Perfect. Fifteen Million Sold Last Year. All parts of our hives are made to fit accurately ; perfect workmanship and fin- est material. No trouble to set them up ; our customers say it is a pleas- ure. We are not selling goods on Name Only, but on their quality. Twenty Thousand additional square feet of floor space just added to our plant. We have over 45,000 square feet of floor space. We certainly can take care of your orders promptly — Remember that. Two New Features, 0\ir Acme Hive, the shallow-body style, simple and cheap, 0\ir Ne-w Wisconsin Hive, front portico, and the same inside arrangement as the regular Dovetailed. One of Many. New Haven, la., June 27, 1903. G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. Gentlemen: — I must say something in regard to the goods you have sent me. They are very good, and I received them in fine condition, and consider same cheap. Some people make their own hives, but I think this is a foolish plan when you can get goods like these, well made, neatly finished, and in such perfect condition. I have used 1000 sections and find every thing all right. If anybody wants to know where to send for the best bee-supplies tell him to write to me. Bennie Diederich. Complete I^ist of Agencies "Vl^ill Be Found in Catalog. G. B. Lewis Company, Manufacturers Bee-Keepers* Supplies, Watertcw^n, "Wis., - U. S. A. • DELVOTEID •andHoNEY ,s- •flHDHOMEL- ^ ' •INTEKESnS dyTHE~AI^O Sia^PERVtAR. '^@ "Medina-Ohio- Vol. XXXII. JAN. \5, 1904. No. 2 JM&^Dr.C.CMiLLER. Hakry Lathkop says, p. 21, "Farmers as a class will not buy honey." Isn't that a matter of " locality," Harry? Murray's tag-and-block are all right, p. 31; but the more important question is what to have durable with plain figures, at not more than one or two cents a tag. Why is it that in Cuba the honey harvest is in winter instead of summer? [Say, you did not label this as a joke. As I am in the dark as to whether it is or not, I will let you answer it. — Ed.] Apis mellifica is given in the Standard dictionary as a variant of mellifera, and is as yet in more common use, although it may go out of use if, as I think. Prof. Cook is following a higher authority in using mel- lifera. Will Prof. Cook please tell us how that is? W. W. Brockunier, p. 30, found three clipped queens on the ground with a ball of bees, and a fourth one with the swarm on the ground. About what I would expect with my bees if they could not easily get back into the hive, and were left long enough. It might be just as well to tell the be- ginner that the artist has taken liberties with that gob of jelly in the jelly-spoon, p. 19, and swelled it up quite a bit. [Yes, you are right. It is not always possible for an artist to catch on to all the fine points in bee- work. — Ed.] A RKOUEST is made at the close of p. 30 for me to read the preceding item. I'm glad of that as a text to say a few words, especially to beginners. There is no need to make any such request, for I never dare to leave any thing in a bee- journal unread. If I should skip a single item, even if writ- ten by the greenest recruit, I might skip something I do not already know. Allow me to say to C. J. Pearse, p. 31, that, after some experience with horses, cows, sheep, and pigs in a bee-j'ard, I have had most trouble with sheep pushing hives off their stands. Hives are too low for horses or cows to rub against, and sheep are probably greater rubbers than pigs. A. R. Harrington, replying to your question, p. 30, that the editor missed, I think j-ou will find that bees start out earlier in the morning in the sun than in the shade, and fly later in the evening in the sun than in the shade. I've noticed it in bees hauled home and placed north of the shop. Formalin, or formaldehyde, raised fond hopes as to curing foul brood with drugs. Reports of failure have made those hopes grow dim. A report from Prof. F. C. Har- rison makes them brighten again. He says in Canadian Bee Journal X.ha.\.he. knows that spores of B. alvei have been destroyed in cells filled with honey; and he thinks the failures may be due to too little strength of the drug, too open boxes, or too short time. " Better than honey for less money " is the claim made for certain corn syrup, so fine that, when " placed where the bee may have access to it, he forsakes the roses and the clover," as he finds the manufactured article more to /zw tnste. Editor York calls it " he-bee molasses." He ought to be pros- ecuted for libeling the bee and the molasses. I invested 10 cents in the stuff, and one taste was enough. That persistently lin- gering after-taste said in capitals, "glu- cose." Too bad that there's no way of stopping people from lying in advertise- ments. Mr. Editor, on p. 18 you have missed the man who had the largest take of all the members of the National ; likely because his take is divided into two columns. M. H. Mendleson took 112,000 pounds of honey, 22,000 of it comb. If 1 pound of comb be equivalent to 1>2 of extracted, then his crop, 64 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 in terms of extracted honey, was 123,000 pounds. Neither he nor Mercer seemed a bit stuck up over their "fat takes," but talked just as common and pleasant to me as if I'd taken 100,000 pounds of honey and 3. vvag'onload of wax. [I am glad you have called my attention to this omission. Men- dlesoa is a modest fellow, and he ought to g'et the credit for his enormous yield during the past year. We shall, therefore, have to give him the palm for producing the largest crop of honey for 1903 of any bee- keeper in the United States.— Ed.] Please give vs semi-monthly reports of cellar-wintering at Medina. Cellaring un- der a machine-shop comes within the scope of very few; a large number who have but a few colonies can have the advantage of a roomy cellar as at the Harrington yard; while a smaller number, but with more in- tense interest, will want to know all about the basswood-yard cellar. How much and what attention do the bees need in that cel- lar? What is the temperature? [I will en- deavor to comply with your request; but let -me say right here that Bingham's ideas on the construction of cellars with ventilators 16 inches square I believe are all right. Bingham has always been intensely practi- cal, and he has made no mistake on this question of bee-cellars and their ventila- tion.—Ed.] A. I. Root says, p. 36, that, after I've told my wife I love her, I might add that I love her siill. I do love her still, but not too still. A woman that keeps up her clatter all the time is very tiresome ; but a woman so glum that she never speaks is worse yet. My wife is just about right. [You are right, doctor. Somehow, when I visit your home I always /eel at home. There is something about the manner of that good wife of yours, and of your sister, that makes me feel as if there were no place in this countrj', outside of Medina, that is a home to me so much as is that res- idence on the top of the hill a mile or so out of Marengo. I visit it only once or twice in two or three years ; but when Idol laugh and grow fat, and gain a new lease oi life.— Ed.] F. Greiner thinks of using dummies junder sections in spite of the fact that bees -will not work so well over dummies, p. 25. Try having the dummies in or near the center, friend Greiner. One year, for an- other purpose, I put a dummy between each two brood-frames during the harvest, and the bees seemed to work the same as if no dummies had been there. [Say, doctor, do you realize that you are giving us a really valuable kink? This point is worth passing around. It is a well-known fact that bees will push along the work in the center of the super faster than on the two outsides. Now, then, if we put the dummy in the center of the brood- nest, we establish a very nice balance throughout the entire super. Why wouldn't this be a good thing to do in the case of any colony whose brood-nest is not clear up to the average? There are many colonies in every bee-yard of this kind. If they have empty combs to fill up the space they can not reasonably occupy with brood, then they will fill them up with honey. When they do this it is a hard job to force them up into the supers. Now, then, if we had, instead of these combs of honey, a dummy in the center of the brood- nest, and nothing but brood in the combs, we would force the honey, when it did come in, up into the supers. I be- lieve I will paste this in my hat to use next summer. — Ed.] "Neither of us intimated that the old flat cover was perfect," quoth ye editor, p. 12. Oh, no! you merely said there was "nothing better," and Hutch said-it was "all right." You say, "I never saw any cover of any construction that would not warp, twist, or check, somewhat." Now, Mr. Editor, please stand up in a straight row and answer a few questions: 1. Did you see those 50 hive- covers I had made with a dead-air space, and covered with tin? 2. I think you saw some of them after they had been in use a few years: did you see any that were warped? 3. Did you see any that were twisted? 4. Did you see any that were checked? Quite possibly you may answer to the last three questions that you did not notice. In that case let me ask you: 5. Do you think it reasonable to suppose that they would warp, twist, or check? I may be allowed to depose that, if there has been any warping, twisting, or checking, I have not noticed it. [I can hardly answer your questions by yes or no. The most I can do is to qualify a general answer. Yes, I saw some double hive covers at Marengo — how many, I do not know. I can not re- member distinctly, but I think some of them were warped, and checked too, but only slightly. Yes, I should suppose that they might warp some, and a great deal in some localities. On my eastern trip recently t think it was Arthur C. Miller who said the Dr. Miller covers twisted badly; so this question of covers is somewhat dependent upon localitj'. — Ed.] You say, "a single board is now out of the question for most localities because of its cost." From a manufacturer's stand- point, possibly; from a bee-keeper's stand- point, most emphatically no. I can afford — so can any bee-keeper — to paj' a dollar for a good hive-cover rather than to go with- out a cover at all. But I know that I can have a good cover without paying a dollar or the half of it. Besides the 50 tin-covered covers, I have 50 covered with zinc, and I think they are better, although I have not tried them so long. I have also about 400 plain-board covers that have been in use many years, and most of them are of single boards. I give it as my deliberate conviction that, if stuff for single-board covers could be bought 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 65 at S25 a thousand feet, it would be better for me to pay 25, 30, or even 40 cents for the zinc covers, which, aside from freedom from twisting- and warping, have the advantage over the plain-board covers that they are cooler in summer and warmer in winter. This is a matter of very great importance, Mr. Editor, and I hope you'll freely speak your mind. [I think you will find the zinc much more serviceable than the tin. As I have before stated, the old iron used in tin roofing has been displaced by steel. If you will look at your old spouti igs and iron roofiags you will see that many of them are still good while the more modern tin roof- ings and spoutings made of steel are com- paratively short-lived. I would put zinc- covered roofs first; galvanized sheet steel next (galvanized iron has disappeared from the market); good roofing paper next, and ordinary steel tinplate last. — ^Ed.] "I THINK I am safe in saying it is away beyond your general avera^'e, season after season." That's what you say, Mr. Edit- or, at the close of my report, p. 13, and I thank you for saying it, as also for your remarks in general about reports. I've had years of entire failure, and more that were nearly failures, and I never yet had any thing that would come anywhere near last year. I've also been saying that I never expect another season like the last, but I'm weakening a little on that. Snow covered the ground the next day after the bees went into the cellar (Nov. 28), and the ground has been covered ever since, with good sleighing now, and it is entire!}' pos- sible that snow may cover the ground all winter. Under that blanket of snow lies a denser carpet of white clover than there was a year ago, and there is a bare possibil- ity that next season maybe as phenomenal as the last. [That same blanket of snow covers a dense carpet of white clover over the whole of the clover regions of the North. As I write, Jan. 13, we are having a heavy snowstorm that is already covering the ground with a still thicker blanket of snow. The protection afforded, and the immense amount of moisture from the slow-melting snow as the warm weather opens up, will do a great amount of good. A heavy rain can not compare with it. Snow melts slow- ly, and herein lies its value as an irrigant. I believe with you, that, unless we should have some verj' warm weather in midwin- ter, followed by severe freezes without snow, we shall have a good clover crop next sea- son. Generally speaking, if there is any thing that can make the hea^rt of the bee- keeper rejoice it is to have heavy snows. — Ed.] You SAY "there must be something 'rot- ten ' in Marengo as well as in wicked Chi- cago " because my sections averaged 14*4 ounces each, instead of weighing "just an even full pound," p. 13. Haven't you got me mixed up with some one else, Mr. Edi- tor? I'm not the man that ever hinted that sections "might, could, would, or should " be produced to weigh "just an even full pound." On the contrary, I've insisted in the most strenuous manner that the thing couldn't be done, again and again reporting the varying weights in mv own experience, and saying that the fair thing was to sell by weight. The specially rotten thing in Chicago is the condition that allows the possibility of a producer getting less for a section weighing "just an even full pound" than for one with less honey in it and no better in any way. That 18,000 pounds of honey was sold for just what it weighed, and there's nothing rotten about that. [In proportion as you do not approve selling light-weight sections by the piece, in that same proportion you should disapprove of producing the naughty (?) ones that are used as a medium of cheating (?). It is just as easy to produce sections averaging 16 ounces as those that average 14^^4; ounces. You would have to use a little thicker sec- tion— say 2 inches, just as are used to-day in England. As long as you and I and all the rest of us produce sections averaging a little over 14 ounces, so long will the trade, in order to simplify calculation and sales, run toward selling by the piece, and it is right. Doctor, I believe you are right in selling sections that weigh 14^4 ounces. You do no violation to the great body pol- itic. It is no worse to buy or sell sections by the piece than to buy or sell eggs by the dozen, for some eggs are much larger than others. — Ed.] A. I. Root. I want to say amen to that preachment of yours, p. 34. The man that robs his wife of her fair share of courting when her hair turns white is a sneak and a thief; and you might have added that he cheats himself as much as his wife. Let me tell a little story out of The Ladies'' Hoyne Journal. The you'g girl, Priscilla, was asking the good old Dutch laiiy: " Do you mean to tell me that, when you married Mr. Blom, you were not well enough acquaint- ed to love him? " ' Na! Ve vas na veil enoof acquainted for dhot." " You did not love your husb;ind? " asked Priscilla, feeling that the old Dutch lady had suddenly gone very, very far away " Veil, yon see it's dis vay," explained the old lady, and the look in her bright old eyes made Priscilla feel that she had indeed gone away from her. but in anoth- er direction: ' Vhen you marry a man you dink jou luff him. But vhen you been marriedt a month you find nndt you luff him so much more dhot you know you didn't know vhadt luff vas in de first place. Den, vhen you been marriedt a ^ear alreadty. andt you pe- gm to call him Fahder, and he pegins to call yoii Muh- der^vall, vail, vail, vail, vail! Maype you dond't luff him den, eh? But you dond't. De years dey go py, and dey go py, andt de troubles dey come, andt dey go too. Andt maype, vhen you been marriedt fifty year alreadty, den you kin say, honest andt true, ' I luff him,' tor den you been puttin' up mid each odder long enoof to find oudt for sure." That's a good bit the way it is at your house and mine, isn't it, old comrade?" [Dear old friend, 3'our story is exactly to the point. Little did I dream, when I wrote the Home paper to which you refer, of the experience that was just before me. Before my talk was even in print, Mrs. Root was near unto death, and I was compelled to look ahead and see what life would be with- 66 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 out her — she who had been my comrade and helper toward all that is good almost ever since the days of my boyhood. May God be praised that she is now, Jan. 13, though still very weak, on the road to recovery. — A. I. R.J '^JifeioJibor^Jieldj By 5? Ju.'t as the old year finds its close, The honored soldier, patriot, man, L,a> s down for aye the battered sword Hediew when war began. Cover him o'er with the flag he loved, And lav him away to his rest ; His conflicts are over, the victory gained, He's entered the land of the bleil. A French writer says that the ends of oak twigs, well dried, make a good smoker fuel. They produce a very pungent smoke, are easily gathered, and are of no other use. \t/ A German writer has shown, to his own satisfaction at least, by examining the fec- undating fluid of drones that only those drones that come from a fertile queen are of any value. He says if this is true there will be a good many theories to modify and practical applications to make. BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. The clipping of queens' wings is not very much practiced in England. \h I am pleased to note that Mr. Thos. Wm. Cowan's ' ' British Bee-keepers' Guide-book" has just been translated into Dutch, lor the use of people in South Africa, lately con- quered by the English. The publishers will please book our order for a copy. EL COLMENERO ESPANOL. Continuing his review of bee culture in different parts of the world, the editor, the late Mercader-Belloch, has this to say of Belgium: This small country, which all Europe beholds with admiration and respect for its iniporlant manufacto- ries for having the greatest number of railroad lines ■per' square mile of anv country in the world and, finally for being the only nation in the world that competes with England in every class of manufacturts, and which has pushed public education to the height of perfection has n t overlooked bee culture Hence it is that the government itself, as well as corporations and individuals lends great aid to the development of apicultur-l science by means of medals and other wa\s of stimulating effort ; and thi-, is iht- rea.-on whv, with- in a few years Belg an apiculture has reached as high a point as in any other nation. From the same source we learn that Switzerland is as far advanced in apicul- ture as any other nation. It has great bee- keepers who may truthfully be called pro- fessors. Mr. Ed. Bertrand, in Nyon, pub- lishes the Revue Internationale, one of the best bee-journals in the world [noAr discon- tinued]. In Sivitze land the old-fashioned skeps are no longer known, for everybody has been converted to modern methods. v(> England has a large number of apiaries on the movable system; has several bee- journaU and various bee keepers' associa- tions. In fact, she stands among the great powers of Europe in regard to bee-keeping progress. EL APTCULTOR. The first number of this fine Spanish bee journal has reached us, dated Jan. 1. It seems to be the result of a disagreement between the managers of El Colnienero Es- panol, another Spanish bee-journal. The journal in question is well printed, pages the same size as this. It contains a large amount of original matter, and is a great credit to the projectors of it. I am sorry to read in it of the death of D. E. de Merca- der- Bel loch, proprietor of El Cobnenero Es- panol, from which I have made translations above. Mr. Mercader-Belloch was well known in Europe as a bee-keeper, and was president of the Spanish Apicultural Soci- ety. He died on the yth of December, aged 73 years. These two papers are published in Barcelona, Spain, and, so far as I know, are the only Spanish bee-papers published. ■^ LONG HIVES VS. TIERING UP. "Good evening, Mr. Doolittle. Fearful- ly cold to-night outside." "Yes. I think this will be the coldest night of the winter, so far. I see the mer- cury was ten degrees below zero just before dark. I always feel quite comfortable on such nights as this, when I think of the bees all safely housed in the cellar with the temperature alwaxs at forty- five in there. Always seems as if those outdoors would suffer on such nights, but perhaps they do not." "I had not thought of it in that light. My 87 colonies are all out on their summer stands, well packed, and I was congratu- lating myself on this fact." "Well, they may come out as well in the spring; but from an experience of over a quarter of a century, with bees wintered both ways, the underground cellar gives an advantage of fully 10 per cent on number of colonies successfully wintered, over what 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 67 chaff packine^ outside has done. But I mis- trust that Mr. Jones did not come over to talk about wintering bees. What was on your mind to night?" "I have been thinking of making some long hives for next summer, and came over to have a little talk with you about the mat- ter. Why do not those working for extract- ed honey use a long hive, holding the same number of frames that they wish to use in one stor}-, instead of tiering up several hives, one on top of the other, as is advised by the bee books and papers?" "I do not know just why others do not use long hives; but my experience with them was not in their favor." "That is contrary to what I expected. From what thought I had given the matter I was of the opinion that a long hive would be more convenient, and that less time would be consumed in the manipulation of it." "This matter was gone over quite large- ly years ago, and it might serve your pur- pose if I told you something regarding it." "That is right; I shall be glad to hear." " Some twenty- five or thirty years ago Mr. D. L. Adair, of Kentucky, was quite a prominent bee-keeper and writer for our bee- papers. He used and advocated a long hive, to be used on the principle of spread- ing frames out horizontally, instead of tier- ing one hive above the other, claiming that, thereby, a colony of b"es could be kept in a normal condition, and while in said co edi- tion no swarming would be the result. This he termed the 'Long-idea' hive." "Wait just a moment Was he right in claiming that a colony which did not swarm was in a normal condition? I had always supposed that the colony which swarmed was in a normal condition. How else would bees, in a natural, condition keep from be- coming extinct?" "My idea would run along the same way yours does; for in all my trials to prevent swarming, which have been many, colonies hi.ve to be thrown out of a normal condition in order to obtain success, unless a very large hive, filled with comb, is given. Where as much as 5000 cubic inches of drawn comb are given to a colony in early spring, few swarms will be the result; and I judge that Mr. Adair was cogn zant of this fact, and for this reason he concluded that any colony, having to the number of from twenty to twenty- five Langstroth frames full of comb, was far more likely not to swarm than to swarm, therefore the colony which did not swarm while in one of his long- idea hives was in a normal condi- tion." "Excuse my brealiing in. Go on with 3-our story." "Being always ready to test all 'new ideas' I made two hives, each four feet long, putting colonies in them, by setting the frames over from other hives, early the next spring. One of these I worked for extract- ed, and the other for comb honey, on the Adair plan. The one worked for comb honey swarmed, soon after taking out one- third of the combs at either end of the hive, and substituting frames of sections, either because the 'idea' was faulty or because I did not know how to manage fully such a hive, or both; so after repeated trials to keep them at work in the four-foot hive I let them have their own way, and hived the swarm in a new hive after they had swarm- ed some five or six times." "Just as I should have expected, after you took out two thirds of the combs, and put sections in their places. That is the wa}' such a change always works with me, and I often wonder how others are still rec- ommending such or a similar plan, of giv- ing a top story of combs till the honey-flow arrives, aud then substituting said story with a super of sections, claiming that the bees will at once go to work in them be- cause they have been used to working ' up- stairs. ' Unless this super is supplied with sections containing drawn combs it always results in swarming with me What is your experience along this line?" "The same as yours, unless something else is done by which the colony is thrown out of a normal condition. But we are wan- dering!" "Yes, I see. Excuse me again. How about the colony worked for extracted hon- ey?" "That did splendidly, and did not swarm; but another, worked on the tiering-up plan, did nearly or quite as well; and by practi- cal knowledge 1 learned that I could work a two, three, or four story hive much more easil}^ than I could this long one." ' • How was this? This part of easy work- ing I thought was to be the best of all. If they are not as easily worked as the tiered- up hive, it shows that my opinion was faulty." " To take the frames out of these long hives, the person's back must be bent just right, or enough to make it the hardest kind of work, unless the hives are set on stilts, which is not advisable; and the bees which are shaken off the combs will crawl all over the sides and top of the hive in such num- bers as to make it almost impossible to close it again without taking much valuable time, or killing them by the score or hundred. With the two or three story hive, the bees shaken down at the entrance will not get up to the top storj' before you are through with your m^nipulation, and the operator can stand erect, or nearly so, while doing all the work." "This is something that had not entered into my calculations, and I am quite sur- prised; but at the same time my reason tells me that you are right." "But the worst thing about those hives was that I lost both colonies during the winter, and during every succeeding winter that 1 tried to winter bees in them. Of course, they were too unwieldy to carry in- to the cellar; but, so far as I could see, they were prepared for winter as well as any of the other hives which were left out, which 68 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 came through the winter in very good condi- tion. " "How many 3'ears did you use these hives?" "I tried them for several years, putting colonies from other hives in them each spring, as often as those left in during win- ter died, but with no better success than at first; and finally, becoming disgusted with them, I tore them to pieces and made the lumber into other hives." "Then you think I had better not try such hives, do you?" "Not on a large scale at first, at least. It will do no harm to try two or three as I did, till you are convinced for yourself. But I will say this: for my locality, and when working for extracted honey, I know of nothing better than using any of the or- dinal ry hives two, three, and four stories high, according to the populousness of the colonies being worked." Thf. Auierican Bee Journal has reintro- duced 'he Question-box department under a new name — "Some Expert Opinion. " The question asked is, " Would you use separa- tors? If so, what kind, and why?" The responses are nearly all in favor of separa- tors of some kind. The m'jority favor wood as against tin. Quite a number who have tested the fence separator like it and claim that the sections are belter filled out. Our apologies are due to our subscribers for being late with our last issue — in fact, for several numbers back. The tremendous jump in our subscription-list has made it necessary for us to run our presses longer hours. In fact, we have been running all night to catch up. We are making plans for increasing our facilities, and hope ere long to get our journal out on time. The American Bee Journal begins its 44th volume. It was founded by the lament- ed Samuel Wagner, and most ably edited by him for eight or ten years. When he died Langstroth assumed the management temporarily till it went into the hands of W\ F. Clarke, who kept it for a couple of years when he sold out to Thos. G. New- man, who continued to be its publisher and editor up to the time the present proprietor took charge. With one exception \.\\& Jour- nal has never failed to be on h ind prompt- ly, and that was during a strike last year in Chicago. FOUR-PIECE SECTIONS. It begins to appear that theie are many friends of the four-piece section. It is ar- gued that the extra time and cost of putting them together does not cut very much figure, because they can be put up by cheap help during the winter. The main argument in their favor seems to be that thej' will stay where they are put — that is, when pushed into a square position they will not try to assume the diamond shape. PRIZES FOR PHOTOS OF BEE-SUBJECTS. We particularly solicit fine photos show- ing any new idea or kink connected with the management of bees. For the best we will pay anywhere from Si. 00 to $2.00, and even SvS.OO for some of extraordinary' merit. The picture must be sharp and clear, and, wherever possible, be printed in red or pink tones, as these are best adapted to half-tone work. We can use black platino prints when the contrasts are sharp and the pic- tures are not printed too dark nor too light. They must, in fact, be just right. We also request our correspondents, wherever practicable, to send us a rude pencil-sketch, or a model of the thing de- scribed, by mail. Our artist, Mr. Murray, will be able to work the rough sketches in- to first-class drawings. If you can't make a drawing yourself get some boy or girl out of the public schools to do the work for you. If the article or idea is acceptable we will pay for the drawing. Get the sketches any- how; for as a rule we pay more for illustrat- ed matter. DEATH OF CAPT. J. E. HETHERINGTON. It is with much regret that we record the death of one of the most extensive bee-keep- ers the world has ever known — a man who for a period of over 20 yea's actually kept and maintained more than 3000 colonies of bees. His son writes as follows: Mr. Root:—'is\y father. Captain Hetherington, died Dec. :;i, after an illnes.s of three weeks. He would have been 64 years old January 7. Cherry Valley, N. Y. H. B. HETHERINGTON. Since the above was in type the following has come to hand from P. H. Elwood: Frieyid Root: — The closing hours of lf03 bereft us of our beloved Capt. Hetherington. To his faruilj' and intimate friends the l-'ss is immeasurable. j>imong bee-keepers the one has fallen who for more than a generation has stood at the head of progressive, prac- tical bee keeping in this country. P. H. Klwood. Starkville, N. Y., Jan. 9. In our next issue we will have an extend- ed biographical sketch of the captain, a man who has had a most remarkable ca- reer, both as an army officer, as a bee- keeper, and as an inventor. He was the first one to use super-springs, wired foun- dation, no-drip shipping-cases, the tall sec- tions, etc., etc. The size he introduced was- 3/,sX5. which is practically the same as the 4X5, which has begun to have such a large sale. He was a remarkable man in more ways than one, and the whole bee- keeping fraternity will much regret his. death. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 69 GLEANINGS FOR 1904 ; OFR INCREASING SUBSCRIPTION- LIST. The big- boost we are fretting- in our sub- scription-list assures us that our efforts to g-ive a good readable magazine are appreci- ated. Our subscription-list is now work- ing' toward the 17. (00 mark. Just now we are printing- 20,000 copies to take care of the demand for samples. So great has been ihe jump in our subscription-list that we have been compelled to advance our adver- tisings rates in order to prevent our reading-- columnsfrom being- swamped. As it is, we are putting in from 8 to i6 pages extra; and it now seems that Gleanings will have to be enlarged by at least 16 pages, making in all 52 pages, or 104 per month. As in the past, we shall endeavor to give our readers matter carefully sifted, and easy to read. We believe in head-lines, lots of them, so that our friends can pick out just the information they desire most. A strong feature of our journal for the coming year will be half tone illustrations and zinc etchings. The average person can catch ideas at a glance through the medi- um of pictures, when he would not take the lime to go through several columns of read- ing-matter that would require ten times the mental effort to get the same amount of in- formation. During the coming year there will be times when there will be less of illustra- tions and more Heads of Grain; and at oth- er times there will be a preponderance of common articles. We sometimes get a sur- feit of back matter for some particular de- partment, and therefore give a larger pro- portion of some one department to equalize. THE amended constitution OF THE national. All the amendments proposed by the com- mittee at the Los Angeles convention, to the constitution of the National, have been car- ried. Two of the most important changes are as follows: The General Manager, President, Vice- presidents, and Secretary, shall be elected by ballot in November of each year, by a plurality vote. The old constitution provid- ed that the General Manager and Directors should be elected by a majority vote of all voles cast. Whenever there were several candidates for one office, it made it practi- cally imp ssible to secure an election, be- cause there would not be time to call for another vote within the limits prescribed. The constitution as now amended does away with this by making an election based on a plurality vote — in other words, the one re- ceiving the highest number of votes will be elected. Formerly, too, the President, Vice- presidents, and Secretary, wereelected at the regular annual meetings. As a natural re- sult, they were the selection of a local and not of the entire membership. Then there is arother important change in the matter of new amendmeots. The constitution as amended provides that it may be amended by a majority vote of all the members voting, providing that such pro- posed iimendments have been approved b}' a majority vote of the members present at the last annual meeting, and providing that copies of them shall have been mailed to each member at least 45 days before each annual election. If such a provision had been in force, in the old constitution some of the complications that have arisen in the past would have been avoided. THE national ELECTION; A TRAINLOAD OF HONEY 25 MILES LONG. General Manager N. E. France, by a large majority, was re-elected; this was a foregone conclusion. For Directors, R. C. Aikin, and P. H. Elwood, wereelected, and E. R. Root holds over. For the amendments there were 491 votes, and 10 against. By a provision of the old constitution, it was nec- essary to have a majority of all votes cast to declare an election. By another provi- sion, the old officer hold over until his successor is elected and qualified. A short time ago I announced to the pub- lic that I could not be a candidate for re- election, and would be compelled to resign if elected. The vote shows that W. McEvoy received 268 votes while I received 195. The number of votes necessary to declare an election was 277, which is just one more than half of all the votes cast. According to this, Mr. McEvoy lacked just 9 votes of being elected. The Chairman of the Board of Directors, therefore, declares that, no one having received a majority vote of all the members voting, E. R. Root will hold over as provided by the constitution under which this election was held. In accordance with a previous declaration made by me, to the effect that I could not serve if elected again, I have sent in my resignation as a member of the Board, to the Executive Committee, of which J. U. Harris is chairman. I regret very much the necessity of tak- ing this step; but pressure of other work— and that meT.ns too many irons in the fire — as well as some private reasons, makes this course unavoidable; but in saying this I wish to state, as I have done before, that my relations with the officers of the Nation- al— in fact, with all of its members — have been very pleasant; but I believe I can work as well for the Association in the rank and file as I can among the officers. I expect, as before, to put the whole influence of Gleanings back of the Association, as far as I am able. I believe it is the best-man- aged organization, in the interests of the bee keeper, that exists in the world; and I am not sure but it has the largest member- ship. Certainly no other bee-keepers' so- ciet}^ whatst ever exerts so wide and extend- ed an in fluence as the National Bee-keepers' Association of the United States, and it has only just begun its splendid career. W^hen one can secure all the benefits by joining through his local association, for the paltry 70 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 sum of 50 cents, and fails to do so, well — er, yes — I feel sorry for him. Sorry for him that he won't join for his own sake, and sorry that he can't or doesn't see that the org^anization stands for the g'ood of the bee- keeping- interests in the greatest bee country in the world, a country that produces annu- ally such an enormous output of honey that, if it were loaded on cars, it would make a trainload 2^ miles long. CONTRACTING THE ENTRANCE FOR OUT- DOOR-WINTERED BEES. Those who winter out of doors would do well to have the entrances of all their colo- nies contracted down to very close quarters during- zero weather — say ;?sX2 inches; but as soon as it warms up a little they should have almost the full width— say >iX8 inch- es. It should again be contracted at the approach of a cold snap. Two years ago, for the purpose of experi- ment, we left some colonies with their en- trances % by the whole width of the hive, and others ^X8 wide. The ones with the wide and deep entrances either died out- right or came through in very weak condi- tion, while those with narrow entrances came through in good order. During the very coldest weather, the bees require but very little ventilation; and the smaller the entrance, up to a reasonable limit, the eas'er it will be for the bees to warm the cubic capacity. A large entrance is like an open door or window to a house — too much draft, too much cold air. It may take a little extra time to open and contract the entrances, but it will be time well spent. While opening up the entrances, be sure to rake out any dead bees that may have ac- cumulated in the empty space. In milder climates where the temperature does not go lower than 25° above zero except for a day or two the entrances will not need to be changed. Contract at the beginning- of winter to an opening not larger than ^ X6 inches, and leave it at that all winter. THE CROSSEST bees. Mr. O. M. Blanton, in the American Bee-keeper for January, in writing on the subject of the best honey-gatherers, is sat- isfied that there is but very little difference in the various strains of bees. The Cypri- ans, he considers, are the most vicious; and then come the Holy Lands, the Italians crossed with blacks, and then Carniolans. The last he thinks very easy to control. He then adds: " I see no advantage in Cyp- rians at honey-gathering; and it is the height of folly to suffer such torture from them without any remuneration. The Cyp- rians whipped me out on several occasions while I was endeavoring to remove the sur- plus honey. Tobacco and even sulphur could scarcely control them when the smoke was comparatively cool." When we were furnishing the Cyprians it was our experi- ence and that of our customers that they were by all odds the most vicious bees to handle. Smoke, on many occasions, seemed to have absolutely no effect on them. We were not surprised on removing the cover of a hive of them to have hundreds and hun dreds of them dart out, and sting the mo- ment they struck us. On one occasion I re- member that one of our new bee men, not understanding them, and not having been cautioned, stirred up a mess, the like of which I hope never to see again. If one can imagine a swarm of bees, every one of which is bent on stinging, he can get some idea of what I saw in the yard that morn- ing. It seemed as if nearly every bee had deserted the hive to attack the supposed en- emy. I had no more than got into the yard than I had to beat a hasty retreat. We had to kill the queen finally. It is fair to say that not all Cyprians were as cross as these; but even the gen- tlest of them were disagreeable to handle. WHY outdoor-wintered BEES DIE DURING LONG-CONTINUKD COLD SNAPS. We have been having unusually cold weather, beginning about the middle of No- vember, and letting up a little this morning, Jan. 8, when it is thawing a little. Much of the time the mercury has been playing very closely around zero, and a great deal of the time we have had high winds. These are trying t'mes for outdoor-wintered bees, and why? During very cold weather the bees will dra^v up into a very small cluster, and they will remain in this bunch, closely compacted, as long as it continues to be very cold. If no warm spell comes on, giv- ing them a chance to move over and seek a new spot from which they have eaten the honey all out, they will be liable to starve to death. After a very cold snap I have gone over some of our outdoor colonies, and found little bunches of bees dead. The honey had been eaten away from the cluster for perhaps two inches all around. They had contracted into a small bunch un- til the honey was out of reach. A few stray bees will always be found that have left the cluster in the effort to get food but chilled to death. It was too cold for the cluster to move, and hence it starved to death. It has been stated that the cluster will move during cold weather; but I have never had the evidence of it; but I have seen the outside bees on the cluster stiff and cold, but still showing signs of life. This warm spell that has just come on, even if it lasts for only a day, will give the bees a chance to get over to one side to get on the honey again, with the result that they are ready for another cold snap. In very cold winters the indoor plan is certainly much to be preferred. In all cli- mates, while the thermometer remains be- low the freezing-point during most of the winter the indoor method will be somewhat more economical of stores, and furnish stronger and healthier bees for the follow- ing spring. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 71 A VISIT TO THB APIARY OF MR. STAKKEY, EVANSTON, ILL. E. E. Some Ideas which may Serve as Suggestions. BY H. H. ROOT. [Huber, or H. H., is the youngest member of The A. I. Root Co. While attendino; the Northwes'ern University, near Chicago, he visited Mr. Starkey. At tha tiine he took several photos which are here reproduced. — Ed.] A few weeks ajro I had the opportunity of looking- over Mr. E. E. Starkey's yard. Some of his ideas interested me so much that r asked permission to illustrate them for Glf.anings. A HANDY DEVICE TO HOLD FRAMES WHILE UNCAPPING. The first thing- that caught my attention in his workshop was a sort of frame pivoted at the bottom, and hung by a spring- from the ceiling (see Fig. 1). This proved to be FIG. 1. — starkey's UNCAPPING - frame HOLDER. FIG. 2.— starkey's cloth HIVE-COVER. a device for holding the frames while un- capping. A glance at the illustration will make the idea clear. With one hand the upright stick or han- dle above the frame is grasped and pulled downward. This raises the two points on the ends of the pieces attached to the han- dle; and when the comb is placed in the holder upon the two lower points the tension of the spring from the ceiling above pulls up on the handle, thus lowering the two up- per points and tightly clamping the comb. This seems like a complicated apparatus for so small an operation; but atrial would convince any one that it is a good idea. The material costs only a few cents, and the whole thing could be made in an hour's time. I myself tried placing a frame of comb in the holder, and it was just like handing it to some one to hold for me, for the iron points immediately clutched the frame and held it firmly. Then when I wished to take it out a slight pull on the handle released it. This device will, of course, turn round, allowing each side of the comb to be uncapped; and it will also tip down or back in order that the honey and cappings may drop away from the comb into the pan beneath. 72 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 A CHIAP BUT KP'FECTIVE COVER. Ou ^oing outside the workshop I noticed that the hives had a rathtr peculiar cover. Upon examining one of them I found that it consisted of merely a frame upon which was tacked a piece of canvas (see Fig. 2). This canvas, after beicg stretched on the frame, is then dipped in a solution of bees- wax ar d resin, making it perfectly water- tight. It was so simple that my first thought was that it must be good for nothing; but after being told that over fifty had been in constant use, I changed my mind somewhat. In summer it is obvious that, with but one thickness of canvas to shield them from the sun, the bees would become too warm; therefore a small shade-board of thin wood is plicfd on t.jp, and separated from the canvHs by two cleats, thus making a venti- lated cover. In winter Mr. Starkey packs his hives in such a way that the bees are kept warm. While I would not recommend this cover as described, I think that it is a valuable susi'gestion. Just now, when the price of lumber is increasing so rapidly, why would it not be a good plan to make our hivecov- ers of the cheapest of wood in narrow pieces, and then add a thickness of canvas which may be dipped in some such preparation as will make it water- proof? In this way a cheap cover could be obtained which would neither warp, twist, nor leak. This meth- od is already used with good success in Colorado; but the canvas is painted instead of being dipped in the beeswax and resin. WINTHRING BEES IN OUTSIDE SHELTER. Although the form of packing bees for winter, as shown in Fig. 3, is old, yet I think it deserves mention. Fifty-six colonies are thus placed together, packed with leaves, and the whole covered with a cheap roof of tar-paper. Later in the year a load of haj' will be spread around on top after a few boards have been arranged in such a wa3' as to give ventilation. In the foreground of Fig. 3 will be noticed a white tool-stand which holds every thing from smoker to tacks. On one end of this, as shown, are two projections which will hold two frames of bees. This is a very handy arrangement, for it does away with standing frames on the ground about the hives. THE OYSTER-PAIL AS A HONEY- PACKAGE. The idea about the yard which interested me most was Mr. Starkey's method of put- ting up his extracted honey; in fact, I was so much interested in it that I myself have been experimenting for several weeks with this same idea, which consists in put- ting up the honey in the ordinary oyster- pail. I am well aware of the fact that this has been tried before; but I do not be- lieve it has been thoroughly tried in a com- munity where people are looking for can- died honey. The general plan is similar to that used by Mr. Aikin, the honey being poured into the paper packages and allowed to candy. Fig. 5 shows a crate of the hon- ey in the oyster pails, candied solid, and ready for market. After this stage has been reached, the cardboard can be cut down one side, and the whole peeled off, leaving a form as shown in Fig. 6. It seems to me that honey on a plate in this FIG. 3. — HIVES WINTER-PACKED UNDER SHEDS ; TOOL-STAND AND SEAT IV THE FOREGROUND. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BKE CULIUKK 73 form is much more artistic and pleasinf^- to the , eye than the c.vliudrical form which comes from the Aikin honey- bag'. A mere sight of a plate of thiscamlled honey would insure a sale. It looks like a small mound of frozen cream. P^rom my observations and experiments I have come to the conclusion that the oyster- 03ster-pails with thin warm hone}', and I have yet to find one that leaked. It is im- possible for them to leak unless they are tipped over. There were objections to the Aikin honey b;ig^ because of the difficulty in handling after being filled with liquid honey; but in this form of package this ob- jection is entirely overcame. To illustrate FIG. 4. — OYSTER- PAILS USED BY MK. STAKKEY FOK PUTTING UP EXTRACTED HONEY. pail possesses many advantages over the Aikin honey-bag", aside from general ap- pearances. In the first place, they may be obtained at any grocery for about 75 cents a hundred; and since they need no paraf- fining' whatever this first cost is the total cost. They come nested like berry-boxes, as shown in Fig. 4. All that is necessary to do in filling' these packages is to sepa- rate them one by one from the pack, and pour in the honey. There is absolutely no ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H the strength of these packages, and to show how easily they may be handled, I might tell about a few experiments which I per- formed. After filling the pint size with one pound of honey, and folding down the top of the package, as shown in Fig. 4, I dropped it five times on a hard floor from a height of five feet. The fifth time a slight crack appeared at one corner. I made no effort to drop it squarely, for in some cases it tipped over entirely; but I picked it up before the honey could leak through the FIG. 5. — STARKEY'S CRATE OF OYSTER-PAILS FILLED WITH CANDIED HONEY. trouble in performing this operation, as the packages do not have to be formed, but are simply set in a row ready for filling. After being filled they can be carried about by the handle, and moved with perfect safe- ty. I have filled large numbers of these FIG. 6. — A PLATE OF CANDIED HONEY AS IT COMES FROM AN OYSTER-PAIL. cracks in the cover. Then I threw it fifteen feet into the air, and caught it when it came down, without breaking it, or spilling the honey. I next tried the experiment of car- rying a pound of honey with me when I went home. I had to run half a block to 74 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jax. 15 catch a car going- at full speed, then walk- ed half a mile and rode in a crowded train. During the whole trip I carried the pound of honey in my hand with no inconvenience whatever. Lastly, I shipped six packages of the liquid honey a distance of two hun- dred miles by express. They were placed in an ordinary basket with a little packing underneath and around the sides, and with a paper tied over the top. There being no caution marks to indicate the contents, the honey was subjected to all the ordinary rough handling by the expressmen. Each package stood the test in good condition. These results have led me to think that the liquid honey might be sold in the oys- ter-pail as well as oysters. HOW TO HASTEN THE CANDYING OF HONEY. I have not yet satisfied myself as to what will hasten the crystallization or candying of honey. Although it is true that some kinds of honey candy much more readily than others, yet that which affects the can- dying of one kind of hcney would also affect anj' other kind in the same wa3'. It is clear that a very thin layer of honey will candy much more readily than the same amount in a thick layer, which fact would prove that the honey having the greatest amount of surface exposed to the air will candy first. Acting on this theory there are many who believe that stirring hastens candying because it introduces more air in the form of minute bubbles throughout the mass; but in my experiments on a small scale, the bubbles of air have all risen to the top in the form of a scum, and the honey has can- died no more quickly than that which was not stirred. However, since my tests were relatively small it is possible that I have overlooked some important fact. Some have said that a few crystals of candied honey added to the liquid honey will hasten the crystallization of the whole mass, and in my experiments this has seemed to be a fact. Probably it is sufficiently well understood that a man must create a market for can- died honey before he can sell enough to make it pay; but once his market is estab- lished, he need worry but little about keep- ing it up. When people learn to eat honey in the candied state they will demand it in that form and in no other. I think that, in the near future, there will be three great classes of honey instead of two; viz. , comb, ex- tracted, and candied. Perhaps, too, in time bulk comb honey will form a fourth class. At any rate, we should be eager to improve our methods, not only by adopting shorter cuts but by putting our product in the forms that will please the people of all "lo- calities." COGGSHALL'S SMOKER FUEL. How Prepared. BY W. L. COGGSHALL. have a farm and some bees and men to look after. More have inquired about smok- er fuel than any thing else of late. Some old phosphate sack (>2 lb.) and a dime's worth of saltpeter is all the fuel I need in an apiary of 100 colonies in one season. First lay the sacks out till they get a lit- tle rotten (three months) ; then drive four wire nails thraugh a one- inch strip about ten inches apart. Now nail that to the op- posite side of a work-bench, four nails sticking up. Get a ball or two of cotton twine, not the best. Wind it on a half inch board, 5X20. Wind the short way around, and the whole length. Now nail another one on it, and nail it to the side of the bench. After cutting all those wound strings on the edge of the board you will For the benefit of those who have written me and have not received a prompt reply, I will say I hope they will excuse me, as I have a quantity of short strings to tie around the sacking after it is rolled up. With an assistant, hook the sack over four nails lengthwise of the sack. Take a half-inch rod and roll up the sack, not too tight, but just right. Your experience will tell you better than I can. Unhook the sack, and, with the strings all cut, tie every four inch- es. After all is tied up, take an ax and let one man hold the rolls while the other chops them off between the strings. Dissolve 2 lbs. of saltpeter, just as strong as it can be. Put it in a pan one inch deep. Sprinkle in a little red lead. Now dip one end of those wads into the saltpeter water, then throw them in a pile to dry. The red will tell you which end to light. The beauty of it is, you will have a smoke in ten seconds that will do business, and it is light in weight in the smoker— wo sparks, and it will last three to eight hours with light work with bees, and never go out if the material is all right. I do not expect to convince the world I am always right, and have the best things of the kind. You who try it will not be saying, "The smoker is out; I wish I had some good smoke. Then I would fix those crazy rascils." But you may have to break the string on the wad if you tie too tight. Do not 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULIURE. 75 use too much smoke. A little is better than too much — yes, far better. Remember that too much smoke makes cross bees. Do not foreret to flip-flap the oilcloth when you pufl' a little smoke in. This alone is why oilcloth is better than a board. West Groton, N. Y. THE KEYES (SWARTHMORE) METHOD OF FER- TILIZING QUEENS. A Cheap Home-made Feeder and Hive-cover. BY \V. S. BLAISDRLL. I hereb}' submit my report of experiment- ing" in the line of the Keyes method. It works satisfactorily under only two condi- tions— a queenless colony and one when they desire to supersede their queen. But this makes practically a failure. I have tried only the full-size frame. But I went further. I could not see the purpose of the communication from the nucleus to the brood-nest, and I closed them up so far as I had gone in opening- them. After that I had no trouble whatever, more than in an ordinary three-frame nucleus. With this change it makes an admirable device. The sides are lo-^sely made and fastened on. A case of hatching- brood can be taken from the brood-nest, a matured cell given them; the fertilized queen can be taken out, and blaisdell's feeder from corn-beef CANS. the frame of bees given back to the brood- nest, and no loss will be felt. Or two queens can be reared before the bees get too old to do good work. But stimulative feeding is necessary in all queen-rearing undertakings; hence my device for nucleus feeder: Take two empty corned-beef cans, small size; slit down from the top of one 1)4 inches long by ;s deep, turning the lip down on the outside. Then take the other can, and in the side of the reverse end cut a slot the same size as the opening, and remove the core. Now insert blaisdell's SHADE BOARD COVER. AND HIVE- the lip of the one in the slot, and you have the two joined. Fill the one with feed, and put a few floats to bridge a passage up and down, and cover both with cloth to prevent odor, and a weight to keep it close. Then place the inverted side over a half-inch hole in the cover. Again, while I have my pen in hand let me give you what I may call a poor man's perfect cover. I got tired of handling sep- arate shades, hence my contrivance. I do not want my bees near tree or brush or grapevine, except what I myself put out for the swarms to cluster on. Take thrte or four or five inch flooring, and cut it up into sections 15 inches long (mine are), depend- ing on the width of hive. Put these togeth- er the length of your hive. Now take a 1X3, the exact length of the cover; nail on the rough surface across the ends, one nail in each piece and two in the end- pieces. Take another 1X3, and nail on the reverse side across the opposite ends. The dressed side goes down, the rough up. Now take shingles or shacks and cover the rough side — 18-inch shingles project over mine a little, both on the upper and lower sides. I shall use 20-inch shacks when I can get them. This cover has stood the test under the burning suns and whirl- ing tornadoes of Florida. There is no more ripping oflF of shades under the stormj' blast. Without any other protection I have 76 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULI URE. Jan. 15 yet to find a sini^Ie breaUdcvu from the heat, and my frames are not wired. Victoria, Fla. , Aug. 31. MR FARMER, THE BEE KEEPER MAKER. AND CANDY= BY ARTHUK C. MILLER. If }Ou would know an enthusiastic bee- keeper, just make the acquaintance of Frank H. Farmer, of Boston and Littleton, Mass. He is both a beginner and a vete- ran. He began bee keeping only a few years ago; but in the short time he has been at it he has advanced with wonderful ra- pidity, and now is better versed than many a man who has grown gray in the business. Personal!}- Mr. Farmer is a wiry, active young man, clear-eyed and alert; in a word, a *' hustler." Affable and of pleas- ing manner, he wins one's good will from the start. Mr. Farmer's business is that of candy- manufacturer. As a recreation he took up bee culture, and rapidly worked in almost as many kinds and styles of hives. Let not the veteran hold up his hands in horror, for this very mixture of hives is of vital importance to Mr. Farmer, enabling him to form valuable opinions as to the merits of types of hives and systems of man- agement, and to advise wisely his many patrons. He is having a cellar built for wintering uses that he may compare that system with outdoor methods. He is also soon to erect a roomy building for use as an extracting- house, workshop, etc. The Littleton apiary is on a pleasant hillside well up toward the top. If one may judge from the crops he secures, both in quantity and quality, the location is rather above the average for New England. Be- sides the Littleton apiary Mr. Farmer has scattered here and there, for twenty miles around, groups of from two to six colonies so that he may get a fuller knowledge of the honev resources of Eastern Massachu- setts. He is leaving no stone unturned to make himself a master f'f bee-keeping. farmer's apiary in the rear of his CANLV-jTORE. PAGE 16. SEE GLEANINGS, LAST ISSUE, into the business of selling bees, honey, and supplies. One floor of the building he oc- cupies in Boston is devoted to the bee-supply trade, and during the spring and summer it is a busy spot. That he may not be sep- arated from his bees, and also that he may have bees and queens handy for immediate satisfaction of all urgent demands, he has established an apiary on a long balcony just outside his factory windows. A pic- ture of part of it is shown herewith. Mr. Farmer stands holding a placard, and at his left is Dr. Holmes, an enthusiastic am- ateur of Randolph, Mass. Mr. Farmer's main apiary is at Littleton, Mass., where he has some 50 or 60 colonics Thoroughness seems characteristic of the man. To meet him is a pleasure; to know him more intimately is an inspiration. Let no bee-keeper visiting Boston fail to call on him at his office, 182 Friend St., where a most royal welcome awaits them all. Providence, R. I. [As noticed in our last issue, page 16, I visi'ed Mr. Farmer a few weeks ago. I think I never before saw one more enthusi- astic on the subject of bees, and it is indeed, as Mr. Miller sa)S, an inspiration to meet him. While in one sense of the word he is an amateur (I mean an expert, one who loves the art he is studying for the sport of 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 77 it), he is also in business for the money there is in it For the leng'th of time he has been stiulyinj;' bees it would be hard to find one who is better posted in all that pertains to the studj' of the little bee. — Ed.] THE FORMATION OF NECTAR. Translaled from (he French by Frank Benton, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C BY DR. MAKCKL MIKANDR, Laureate of the Institute of France. [The clear and instructive article following this note was presented by Dr. Marcel Miraide before the Api- arian Society of Savoy. France. Dr. Mirande is a rec- ognized authority in plant physiology and his views are. therefore, well worthy of con<;ideration. The ar- ticle was published in the Revue Intei nalionale d' Api- culture. Vol XXV., No. 10. for October, 190:i Upon a careful peiusil of it a number of interesting and prac- tical features suggest themstlvcs at once. Fit St. The occurrence of real honey dew direct from the plants without the intermediary <'f aphids or plant- lice has often been questi ned, and few writns on api- culture have been disposed to admit thit such produc- tion takes place. My own observations placed me comprehend somewhat better the prerequisite condi- tions for nectar sec-etion. Further, the suggestion comes naturally that the nectar-secretion of many cul- tivated crops which are not ordinarily irrij-ated might, under certain conditions be greatly increased through irrigation. Hven in some countries where the rainfall is not dericitiit, irrigation of certain crops is practiced to increa .e the larmer's returns. The U S Depart- ment of .Agriculture has con>^idered this feature of the irrigition question as of sufficient importance to war- r int the sending of an expert to Italy, one of the coun- tries in this category, to study the subject of the bene- fits 'rom irrigation in regions not deficient in normal rainfall. 77;/;rf.— Frequent light cultivation of crops— that is, keeping the surface broken and pulverized —draws moi->ture to the surface and increases deposition. This is, then, in a measure, a substitute for irrigation or rainfall, and as such wo Id in the same manner in- crease nee ar-pro luction by the plant. It follows nat- ural !}• that plants producing nectar when growing wild, would, under cultivation, increase their yif-ld Here. then, is a factor which should come largely into any consideration of the question of increasing pastur- age for be< s through the cultivation of special crops. — Translator's Note ] Green I This is the color upon whose in- finite chromatic scale our eye rests when viewing" carpeted meadows, the foliage of woods, or the somber backg-round of pine forests. Monotony! a morose spirit woald farmI':r's txHiBir of beekeepfrs' supplies. long ago on the affirmative side of this cjuestion, and in my manual.* the first edition of which was pub- lished is l«y6, I said on page oS; Under ppcaliar conditions of the atmosphere, sweet exu- dations, also known as honey-dew, drop from the leaves of certain plants, and are eagerl.v taken up b.v the bees. This subst tnce is sometimes very abundant and of excellent quality. It should not, however, be confounded with the se- cretions of extra-flornl ghmds such as are pos?.essed by the cow-pea, horse-bertii, partridge-pea, and ve ches. These seem to be natural productions for the purpose of attracting in- sects to the plants, while the former i- apparently an acci- deu al exudation through the plant-pores, brought about, very likely, by some sudden change of temperature. Both are. however, merely the saccharine juices of l he plant, and when refined by the bees may become very excellent honey. .Second — We understand from Dr. Mirande's expla- nation of the manner in which nectar is produced how it is that plants subjected to irrigation often produce such wonderful yields of nectar. In fact, we begin to * Bulletin No. 1, n. s , Division of Entomology, U S. Department of Agriculture "The Houej-bee ; a Man- ual of Instruction in Apiculture.'' First edition, 1.S96. say; marvelous charm, harmony! would ex- claim the pott, who sees in this fresh color- ation the happi.st transition from the dull and daik color of the earth to the blue of the heavens, a background upon which flow- ers of various tints, and the red or golden fruits which succeed them, stand out sharp- ly. He would sing the richness of tones that Nature, with her brush, finds in green for the ideal picture that she offers us. But here comes Science. Will she hi in accord with Poetry? Whilst the latter ex- claims with enthusiasm, the former casts at you a cold, barbarous word, the word chlorophyll, by which term she designates the coloring-matter of leaves. She txplaias to you, in the language of chemistry, near- 78 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 ly sibylline, the composition of this matter, and in the severe style of physiology she re- lates to you its important role. We will see, however, that Poetry can gain by her alliance with Science only when she cele- brates the beauties of nature, which she embellishes and enlarges by the luminous clearness of truth. Let me, then, dear reader and bee-friend, say something about chlorophyll, although at first view this subject seems to have little in common with the title of this discussion. But I hope to satisfy your impatience quick- ly, and reach in this manner a discussion of the nectar of flowers. If a thin section made with a razor across a plant leaf is examined under the micro- scope, there may be seen in the interior of the cells which compose the framework of this organ, a large number of small green corpuscles. It is the innumerable aggre- gation of these corpuscles which gives to the leaf its general tint. Each one of them is a fragment of living matter impregnated with a green pigment which the chemist has been able to isolate and which he calls chlorophyll. These microscopic organisms are the agents of a marvelous phenomenon to which we will call attention in a few words. Everybody knows that plants breathe; they absorb by means of small openings, or stomata, with which the surface is covered, the air which is to furnish to the plant the oxygen necessary to every living being. But this air brings also to the plant carbon, a mineral absolutely indispensable likewise to life, and which constitutes even the larger part of the weight of the plant. This air is charged with carbonic acid, which, having reached the living plant- cell, is decomposed into its constituent elements, carbon and oxygen. The carbon remains in the plant, incorporated into its living matter, while the oxygen is freed. But in the plant how is this decomposi- tion of the carbonic acid brought about, this reduction, as the chemists say, the ini- tial phenomenon in the assimilation of the carbon? To accomplish in his laboratory such a reduction the chemist is obliged to develop in his crucibles an enormous tem- perature. But the plant-cell is a different- ly constructed laboratory where, without noise, and without appreciable heat, this re- duction of carbonic acid is effected by means of a very singular agency, which is no oth- er than the corpuscle of chlorophyll of which we have spoken above. These corpuscles, in fact, grouped in the plant-cell one next to the other, form a com- pact green screen interposed among the rays of sunlight and the living matter of the cell. In the same manner as a red or blue pane of glass placed between our eyes and the white light of the sun transmits only the blue or red rays which constitute this white light, and absorbs the others, so this green chlorophj'llian screen absorbs a large part of the solar radiation, permitting only the green rays to be transmitted. In these ra- diations the luminous rays are the ones which strike more particularly our senses. But along with these luminous rays, others are found: the heat rays, up to a certain point perceptible to our senses; also the chemical rays, which we can perceive only by the effects they produce. It is in this manner, for example, that light acts on a photographic plate though its chemi- cal rays, which decompose, that is to say, reduce, the salts of silver with which the plate is charged; and it is this radiation which figures on the plate the picture of the objects as a silver pencil would do it. The radiation effected by the screen of chloro- phyll is likewise the source of chemical en- ergy, which, in the plant-cell, reduces the carbonic acid; as soon as this reduction is brought about, the carbon is incorporated into the living matter. But the force of the radiations absorbed through the chlorophyllian screen is not emplo3ed solely in decomposing the carbon- ic acid. It serves also to vaporize a large quantity of water which circulates within the plant, drawn constantly from the soil by its roots. Every one knows that plants transpire, that is to say, that they give ofl^ continually water-vapor. Transpiration is a general phenomenon with plants; it takes place both by nieht and by day. But with those plants which have green matter this phenomenon is increas^ed by the vaporization due io the chlorophyll, and this, therefore, takes place only during the day. Clilo) ovaporization is the name which has been given to this particular phenomenon which adds its effects to ordinary transpi- ration so as to increase the latter to a very considerable degree. Ordinary transpira- tion alone, in fact even accelerated by the heat of the day, comprises only a small part of the total vaporization. Thus, for a hun- dred grams of water exuded by a single wheat plant, hardly three or four grams are due to ordinary transpiration; a field of cabbages where the plants are set at 50 centimeters. 19.685 (or nearly 20) inches, gives off per hectare 2 471 (or nearly 2 '2) acres, under the complete influence of this phenomenon during the twelve hours of the day, the enormous figure of 20,000 kilo- grammes (44,092 lbs.) of water. Imagine the prodigiousquantity which isconstantly pour- ed intothe atmosphere from the meadows and forests! This surprising effect, produced by such a slight cause, chlorophyll, balances the absorption by the roots and keeps up the continual current of water necessary to the plant. Every evening, as soon as the sun is be- low the horizon, chlorovaporization slackens, then stops, whilst the absorption of water by the roots continues. This, then, occur- ring- withe ut being bal.inced through vapor- ization, results in the internal pressure be- coming more and more intense. A time ar- rives when this pressure is too strong, and the water escapes from the plant. This is the phenomenon of exudation, or of cliloro- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 79 sudation, in order to indicate its origin. Sometimes this exudation occurs by means of special orifices, the water-bearing stom- ata ; very often it takes place simply thro igh slits and through slight lacerations brought about on the surface of various parts of the plants. It is through a slit produced at the tips of meadow grasses that the water es- capes in successive droplets, mistaken some- times for dew. In the morning the sun shines on these droplets with a play of sparkling light which everybody has ad- mired. Very frequently the exuded liquid es- capes directly from the plant through its epidermis. Many times the water, before running out in very fine drops, has been obliged to pass through portions of the tis- sues in which the plant has collected for its use reserve materials, sugar principally. In this case the exuded liquid is sweetened, and this is what is commonly called nectar ^the nectar which greedy insects come and gather, and which bees carry to their hives to make into honey. The portion of the body of the plant where the sweetened re- serve is stored up is dissolved by the water which passes through it, and constitutes what is called a nectary. Nothing is more variable than the form of the nectaries and their position on differ- ent plants; a special chapter would be need- ed to give a full review of these organs. In the case of the ferns, on the elder, on the vetches of our fields, on the almond and the plum tree, the nectaries are found on the leaves. But it is particularly in the flower, whose parts are in reality only transformed leaves, that nectaries are found in the most diverse forms and positions. But for the present let us bear in mind only this single important fact: The pro- duction of nectar is due to chlorosudation, a phenomenon due itself to the slackening of chlorovaporization. Chlorovaporization varies in intensity with the conditions of the exterior medium: temperature, hygro- metric condition of the air, wind, etc. By modifying these conditions, plants which were not nectar- bearing have been made so, and reciprocally the pouring-out of the sweetened liquid from plants furnished with the nectaries has been suppressed. The conclusion from this is that it is to chloro- phyll that we owe honey- production. Chlo- rophyll, then, is what starts into action all those forces which result in the sweet har- vest with which our hives are filled. But this is the least of the benefactions which we owe to this green substance. We owe our lives to it. Yes, our lives! The plant, in fact, fixed in the soil, draws from this soil the miner- al elements with which it makes living sub- stances perfect in all parts. The roots bring to the plant phosphorous, azote (or ni- trogen), and various minerals. The leaves give it oxygen from the air, and there is lacking in this combination only the princi- pal body, carbon, without which the plant is reduced to parasitism. The chlorophyl- lian corpuscle, through the admirably sim- ple mechanism of which we have given above a rapid sketch, is the assimilative agent for this indispensable substance. Of all living beings, plants alone are those which make living matter by means of purely mineral elements. Animals them- selves can be nourished only from living matter; this matter they take from the ob- ject which makes it, from the plant direct- ly, in case they are herbivorous; or indi- rectly if they are flesh consumers. The plant kingdom, then, is the bond which unites the inanimate kingdom with the ani- mal kingdom. Human life is, therefore, de- pendent upon plant life, which, it might be remarked, places agriculture in the first rank among social labors. But as the plant in turn exists only through the opera- tion of chlorophyll, and this operation is due to solar energy, it is seen at last that the sun is the source of all life upon the Earth. Poetry, join, then, with austere Science in a song — a duet of love and recog- nition to Nature, who is able, with extreme- ly simple means, to accomplish the most marvelous phenomena. Intone a hymn to the sun, as in the times of those distant peoples who adored the deified Astra^a. MODERN QUEEN-REARING. As Practiced at (he Root Co.'s Yards ; a Brief and Comprehensive Treatise on the Latest and Best Methods, Gleaned from all Sources. Continued from Last Issue. BY GEO. W. PHILLIPS. One frame of sealed brood (preferably hatching) and one of honey with enough ad- hering bees to cover both will be enough for a nucleus, if the weather is warm; but if not, the strength must be increased. As a rule, it will be necessary to shut up these little colonies for three days in order to let them remain in their new location, although where one knows how to manage, he can choose brood and bees of such an age that the confinement will be unnecessary. By giving twice the number of bees and all hatching brood, one can obtain a nuc'icusof desired strength even after the older bees have deserted. These nuclei can be formed in regular-sized hives, and a division-board adjusted to the size of the cluster. Uppcr-siory nuclei. — Divide a hive-body into three compartments, the same as rec- ommended for cell-building; only, instead of using perforated zinc division-boards, use wirecloth on a framework of wood. Tack a screen of the same material on the bottomof the hive- body. Bore threeone- inch holes near the bottom edge to act as en- trances, one in each side and one in one end. Put it on as upper story to some strong colony, letting the hole in the end turn in the direction opposite to the entrance of the colony. Form three nuclei in it as advised above. This kind of arrangement 80 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULIL'KE. Jan. 15 helps to conserve the heat, makes their ma- nipulation handy for the bee-keeper, and renders uniting' easy. Let each compart- ment have a separate cover of thin board, Mnd over the whole put a regular hive-cover. Don't form your nuclei until the cells are Fig-. 10. ripe. If you do, there will be no advantag-e g-aincd, as they will have to remain queen- less until that time any waj'. Put the cells in protectors, and give one to each nucleus as it is formed, in the manner indicated in Fig. 10. By the time the virgin hatches, the old bees will have returned to their old location, and the young bees left behind will accept her readily. It will be seen by referring to Fig. 10 that the woodtn cell-block does away en- tirely with the use of the tin cover on the West protector. THE oueennursp:kv. The nursery is essential to successful queen-rearing. Especiallj' will it be found indispensable by the man who produces queens on a large scale. Fig. 11 shows a combined nursery and introducing cage. This was gotten up by Mr. Abram TitoflF, one of our apiary hands. The top is made Fig. 11. of tin, and has a hole in it for the reception of queens or queen cells. A piece of the same material loosely riveted serves as a cover for this. The body is made of wire cloth, and at the bottom is a hinged block of wood with a hole for candy. The candy- hole has a bit of tin pivoted in the center on the outside of the block, and so arrang^ed as to cut off or expose the candy; see Fig. 1. This arrangement will be referred to fur- ther on. Ten days after the cells are grafted, re- move them from the queen rearing hive. Don'' t shake off the bees or you will in all probability ruin every queen. Give a little smoke, and bru^h them off with a feather or small brush. Set the frame on the ground in a standing position and in such a man- ner that it won't fall or slip in any way. Detach the blocks one by one; vviih your finger daub a little honey on the end of each cell so that the queen can feed herself l')04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 81 -while gnawing her way out, and place it in the nursery-cage as shown in Fig. 11. IJear in mind always that you can not be too careful in handling sealed queen cells. The slightest jar will sometimes kill a queen or injure her seriously. F^ig. 13 illustrates a nursery frame full of cages with ripe queen-cells. Put the frame in a strong upper story, or, where this is not obtainable, in any queen-rearing colony, or even one with a normal laying queen. Always see that the cages have a supply of fresh candy so that, should the bees refuse to feed the virgins when they hatch, they will be in a position to supply themselves with food; also see that the tin covers the candy-hole in each cage; if not, the bees will eat their way in and your ca^es of cells will soon be in a bad mess. Where virgins have to remain a week or more in confinement, they will be found to do better in a queenless colony, as queen- less bees will lavish more attention upon them. To be continued. them don't like the shortened projection of the end bar as now used on the Hoffman frame, and I fancy the nail would be more objectionable still.— Kn. 1 •X NAIL SUPPORT FOR FRAME. Mr. Root: — On page 1044 you want to hear from those who have tried a nail for a frame support, and not sooner or later aban- doned it. I first used it in several hundred hives that I built in California as far back as 1876. I then used a cut nail. I now use a headless wire nail, made to my order at the factory, and decidedly prefer it to any other support for a self-spacing hanging frame. But when I used it without any self sfacing device, and allowed the frame to swu g loose, as on a pivot, I soon decided again.- 1 it as being entirely too movable for practita' purposes. Your objection, that a nail is not strong enough, is overcome by using a larger one. A six-penny finishing is much too small. If I were using the Hoffman frame I should prefer it supported by a headless nail, and then omit the tin rabbet as needless. You have practically the same thing in the Danzenbaker hive. I. A. King. Derby, Texas. [The device used on the Danzenbaker is not a nail but a large iron rivet, the shank of which is very much larger than an ordi- nary nail. Then, further, the rivet head is imbedded in the wood on the inside of the end-bar, making the part that projects much stiff^er. Extracted-honey men, at least many of them, would object to a nail support for the ordinary hanging frame. As it is, some of FORMALDEHYDK FOR FOUL BROOD; THE REASON IT SOMETIMES FAILS. I have noticed some discussions about the use of formaldehyde for the destruction of foul brood germs. Some seem to think that it is of no use; but I know the failures occur only through a lack of knowledge of the gas and of its use. Some data I have gathered from government reports and other sources. I have learned that the foul brood germ is a fungus composed of albuminoid matter. Formaldehyde gas unites with it, and de- composes it so that it will not grow. Broth- er Weber's treatment is all right, but the dried-up cells that he speaks about should be immersed in a three percent solution of formalin for a few hours, in a temperature of about 80°, then subjected to a fumigation of the gas in a temperature of 40°, and it will not fail in any case. The English use it in a solid form in the rear part of the hive on the bottom-board. Colonies that are afflicted with the disease are rendered immune as long as the gas is allowed to re- main in the hive, but will reappear when taken awa}'. Formalin gas is now used as a disinfectant for all contagious diseases by the boards of health of various cities and towns of our country. Why not give it a thorough trial? I do not see why Glean- ings should not have a laboratorj', and in- vestigate. I for my part would be willing to pay an increased rate of subscription to cover the expense. The paper would give facts, not summaries. What say you, brother bee-keepers? I think it would pay. Massillon, Ohio. E. A. Newell. [A laboratory would hardly be practica- ble at this office, as there would not be enough work to keep it going, even if we could employ a competent man to take charge. It would be better for us to depend on the statements of trained men at our uni- versities and colleges, where all the facili- ties are at hand. — Ed.] HOW TO PRODUCE GILT-EDGED BUCKWHEAT HONEY. The production of buckwheat comb honey during a good season is quite simple, and consists in boxing all strong colonies. Sometimes the conditions are such as to produce a swarming mania. Especially are such colonies disposed to swarm as have old queens. They are usuall}' the colonies we "shook," or the new swarms, and are not on a full set of combs. When the season is not very good, and we care not for any increase, a very good way is to unite two and two of such colonies and shake them. Later these shaken swarms may be reinforced with bees from upper sto'ies, the same as was done during the white honey season. But one must feel his 82 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. is way. This reinforcing- at this season of the year does not always work. Sometimes the added bees are unmercifully slaughter- ed. If the bees are disposed that way, better not try the experiment a second time. In order to obtain the finest honey I shake on but five frames or a half-story, the lat- ter giving- the best result. Onlv starters are used. The brood-combs obtained are massed together on as few hives as practica- ble; and when the season is over, the swarms that were shaken on half-stories are placed back on to these same combs; those shaken on full-sized frames receive enough of the combs of honey and brood to fill up their hives. When this is done as soon as the hone^'-flow ceases, in this locality about Sept. 7, the colonies so treated will usually be in good shape for winler. If wintered in the cellar they come out just as well in the spring as others that were on a full set of combs all the time. When the buckwheat season begins I oft- en find myself with colonies that were tiered up with those sets of brood-combs from the latest shaken swarms. Sometimes there are three or four sets of these combs on one stand piled up, with an immense quantity of bees in them. The colonies with queens of the same year's rearing are simply re- duced to one story about Aug. 6, and the sections are applied (only small starters in them). A large yield of fine buckwheat comb honey may be expected of them. The colonies having old queens are shaken on half stories; starters only both in frames and sections. At this time of the year there is little danger here of pollen being stored in the sections. These colonies will pro- duce the honey that will tickle the palate of the epicure (if it is buckwheat), and take the cake at the fair if the ju^lges know their business, and not give the all-worker comb honey built on comb foundation the pref- erence. F. Grkiner. Naples, N. Y., Dec. 22. THAT CELLAR WITHIN A CELLAR; THE AD- VANTAGE IN HAVING A FURNACE IN A CELLAR. My cellar within a cellar is working fine- ly— see page 1009. I can absolutely control temperature, secure the requisite dryness of atmosphere, and have the air as fresh as it is out of doors any time. Of course, it requires constant attention; so does my fur- nace; and as I attend to the furnace I look after the temperature of the bees. A ther- mometer hanging inside gives the tempera- ture; and if 1 find it too high I open the window sufficiently to adjust the difficulty. If too low I have the door of the bee-cellar open to let in a little of the cellar air. In this way I can keep the temperature within 5 degrees all of the time. I do not think I have spent ten minutes a day regulating the affair, and I do it in connection with caring for my furnace. There is no doubt in my mind that in this climate, 44>3° north, a furnace cellar can in this way be better regulated than any other cellar. If I had a large number of colonies I would box the furnace in the same inexpensive way I partitioned off a corner for the bees, thus utilizing my whole space for the bees, operating the same regulating procfss which I now use. I can not speak at pres- ent of the ultimate outcome, but I do know that I am controling the temperature, and securing conditions which are in harmony with good results. I offer this bit of expe- rience for what it is worth to some one wha may be as perplexed as I was. Gardiner, Me. L. H. Clarke. DASYLLIS SACRATOR, OR BEE-HAWK, ANI> HOW TO KILL THEM. I notice on page 725 that Mr. Frank Ben- ton doesn't seem to think it practicable ta destroy the bee-hawk. I think that, if he were here trying to raise queens, he would wish that they were all dead. I suppose that, where there are only a few, they are not so much to be dreaded; but there are thousands of them here. One of my neigh- bors told me that he has had quite a little trouble with them. When his young queens go out on their wedding-trip they don't get back. In this locality they are very destructive to bees. I am satisfied that they catch other insects; but they are not apt to bother about hunting them up when they can stay right in our bee-yards and see thousands of bees at one time. I was a little surprised one day last sum- mer to see a bee-hawk holding to a good- sized bumble-bee. I hardly ever see many of them before July, and raise my queens in May and June, and they are not here then to catch them. We have a few mosquito- hawks here. I have seen them in the bee- yard. They have four wings, and are larger than the bee-hawk. My advice to friend Stafford is to use a shotgun on them. Get the smallest shot you can find, and put small loads in the gun, and kill them; and my advice to all bee-keepers is to kill every bee-hawk they can. There seems to be more of them each year. W. T. Davidson. Velken, Ind. A 12-LB. swarm; does it BREAK THE RECORD? On page 1041 you express the opinion that a 9-lb. swarm is the biggest we shall ever haveinthenorthernpartof theUnited States. You will have to change that opinion. On July 3 of this year I had a swarm come out of a hive that was on scales. I had bal- anced it about ten minutes before; and when the bees were all out, the scales show- ed a loss of 12 lbs. The hive had two sto- ries (eight frames), with the queen having access to both. Gdstave Gross. Lake Mills, Wis., Dec. 19. [We shall be glad to get reports from others. Perhaps we can break the record again. Let's see — a 12-lb swarm means from 50,000 to 60,000 bees. Who will beat this?— Ed.] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 83 OUR HOMES, BY A.I. ROOT. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE. What hath God wrought?— Ndm. 23:23 In mj' earliest childhood, as far back as I can remember, it was my delight each da3f to find out some new wonderful thing to be investigated, explored, and perhaps discovered. My first financial venture was in poultry'. By the way, I am told I asked so many questions when I was a child, that no one could answer, there began to be a demand about that time for cyclopedias. My grandfather had an old one which I used to borrow, and study with great de- light. When I first became the owner of some chickens I began questioning every- body. Then I got hold of some agricultural papers, and went over the numbers for a year or more back, just to find out all there was said about poultry; and being still un- satisfied I began to question my "biddies " themselves; and I began at a very early <3ay to learn "hen language." You may laugh at this, but my fowls themselves be- gan very soon to tell me in plain language what they did want, and also what they did not want — sitting hens, for instance. Whenever one of my biddies wanted to sit, she said as plainly as words— yes, plainer still — "You just let me alone. I know my own business." Her words were empha- sized also by sundry pecks. Hitherto I had been in the habit of giving her loving pats on the back; but now she just wanted to be let alone. In due time some chickens were hatched; and no one who does not love poul- try as I loved it then can imagine the de- light with which I studied and investigat- ed these interesting bits of God's handi- work. In searching the agricultural papers and cj'clopedias for facts about poultry I ran on to no end of wonderful things; and the knowledge thus gained has been of in- estimable value to me all through my busy life. And herein is the value of selecting some line of work — to get astride of, as a hobby you may say. If one goes at it with ener- gy and determination, studying it at every opportunity, every line, even remotely con- nected with his new "craze," it gives him a vast amount of information that will now and then through life be of value to him in getting a symmetrical and well-rounded knowledge of men and things. When I was twelve or thirteen years of age I got a glimpse of the wonders of elec- tricity. The new science was just then un- folding, gradually. I wanted a galvanic battery. My friends all around said I was not old enough to make one. I remember investing some of my hard-earned pennies at the tinshop, in copper and zinc. The tinner told me I was not old enough, but I pushed ahead. My battery worked all right, but I had it for months, and did not know it. If I remember correctly, I cried over it. The trouble was, I had not the ap- paratus to go with it to make its power manifest. Well do I remember the day when I balanced a magnetized steel pen on the head of a pin driven into the table, in my little bedroom. The steel pen promptly swung north and south, like any magnetic needle. This I was familiar with. On this particular day, however, I placed the wire, which connected the copper and zinc in my battery, just over the top of the bal- anced steel pen. When I made the connec- tion, the steel pen jumped with a new life, and swung around toward east and west instead of north and south. My battery was O. K., and for the first time in my life I was the owner of an electric current that exhibited energy. As soon as I could make the necessary arrangements the steel pen was off at a distant part of the room, and some cheap iron wire carried the current. With my battery several yards distant I could make the steel pen swing to the right or to the left; and then I got a glimpse of the fact that the same thing could be done, even with a battery a mile or miles away. From that time on, my experiments succeed- ed. Before I was eighteen I was traveling around to the schoolhouses, giving exhibi- tions or entertainments, and teaching, after a boyish fashion, to eager crowds, the fu- ture possibilities of electricity and chemis- try. Electricity was my craze until I got my eyes and my mind on the honey-bee. I need not tell you of this, because most of you know more or less about it. Of course, all along there have been more or less side issues of exploring, of inventing, and discovering; but the point I wish to make here is that no one knows of the joys and thrills of pleasure that come to one who delights in exploring God's works in this way unless he has been through it himself. A good many times people say to me, "Mr. Root, you need a little more charity and sympathy for people who are not like you. You never care for games of any sort — baseball, croquet, lawn tennis, etc. You may not need recreation as other people do; but the majority of the world need rest — a change of work and a change of thought." We have all heard something in the line of the above, again and again. I do not think I am so very much different from the rest of the world, after all. I like a change of work and a change of thought; in fact, I am changing my occupation and my think- ing every day of my life. But some way or other, I do not just feel satisfied unless each hour produces some profitable result. I can not with a clear conscience ride a wheel or take a trip in my automobile unless I hive some special errand. I want to accomplish something. I should be ashamed to have people think I was riding about just because I wanted to pass away the time. God for- bid that I should ever wish to get rid of a single hour that he in his wonderful kind- 84 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Jan. 15 ness has seen fit to grant me as a precious gift. Now, do not misunderstand me. This following out and developing new lines is not an unalloyed joy. 1 never could have experienced that thrill when I was experi- menting with my simple apparatus with a battery and steel pen had I not been through weeks of discouragement because m/ bat- tery would not work; neither should I en- jov my automobile as I now do h id it not beei for the days and weeks that it took me to learn all about a machine that is neces- sarily more or less complicated. Men who have wealth, especially where the wealth hts been inherited, so they do not have to work hard for any thing, can have no such enjoyment as you and I have. They are to be pitied. At one time when I was study- ing the honey-bee the matter seemed to be so intricate and complicated I could hardy believe I should ever get to be an expert. I once bought a choice queen I searched for the black one I wished to replace, until I was almost ready to give up in despair. I told my good wife that, if it were not wicked to waste so much inoney, I would make a trip to Ouinby or Langstroth, and ask them to teach me how to find the queen in a hive full of black bees; and I remember distinctly wondering then whether it were possible /should ever be an expert in that line, and be able to teach others. Why, I craved the possession of skill, along that line, more than I craved anything else this world has to offer. Little by little I ac- quired the coveted knowledge; but it took months and years to do so. Later I became interested in greenhouses, especially grow- ing lettuce under glass. I had bad luck with it. I wrote to Peter Henderson, and asked him so many questi ns that he prob- ably could not take time to answer them. Then I sent him some postal cards address- ed to myself, and begged him to write yes or no in answer to my questions. He kind- ly did this, and added some valuable infor- mation—at least it was valuable to me; but the matter was very complicated, and there were so many circumstances and CDnditions, many times, that I despaired of ever be- coming an expert. But I followed this line of work for over twenty years, and succeed- ed beyond my highest expectations. I not only learned how to accomplish wonderful results, but I keenly enjoyed the pleasure of writing books on strawberries, potatoes, tomatoes, and other garden products, tell- ing others, who were eager to know, how these results could be accomplished. A few days ago, when I was having so much enjoyment and so many triumphs over difficulties in running my automobile during the winter time, I felt as if I »iust give other people the benefit of my triumphs; but I reasoned that our journal is a bee- paper. Of course, it has a side issue in High-pressure Gardening, Health Notes, etc. This is all right, for a great part of our bee-keepers are also more or less engag- ed in growing crops; but when it comes to the auto I reasoned there are probably so few who feel as if they could afford one, or even were interested in the matter, that such talks would be oat of place. Perhaps the greater part of our readers are prejjdiced against automobiles. I considered writ- ing for some one of the half a dozen or more automobile journ ils; and then there came a feeling that I have not for 3'ears written any thing- for any journal except Gleanings, although I have had some big offers of pay if I would do so. And then I made this de- cision— that, so long as God lets me live, whatever good I can do in the way of teach- ing or instructing shall be given through the journal that I started almost in my boy- hood. Since making that decision I have found quite a few bee-keepers who are thanking God that it is their privilege to own and enjoy an automobile. There is Doolittle, of New York, and Mercer and Mclntyre, of California; and another, whom Ernest has recently visited and ridden with (Mr. F. A. Salisbury, of Syracuse. N. Y. ), in an Olds automobile purchased since I bought my own. People talk about "rid- ing hobbies; " but the auto and the wheel are the only hobbies I have ever been able to ride in real truth. Now I wish to tell you something about the enjoyments 1 have had with it during the past wintry months of November and December. When the zero weather came on us so suddenly 1 was reminded that the water in the radiating-tubes would freeze and burst the pipes unless something was done. So I took the poultry house I have told you so much about, close by our dwell- ing— the one that is over the pipe that car- ries the exhaust steam to our home. The hot earth underneath keeps it all winter long above the freezing-point. By making double doors instead of a single door, the automobile goes back into this poultry- house. It is a nice warm place when any repairs are needed. There is an abun- dance of daylight, for the south side and the roof overhead are made of glass sashes. As an electric wire runs near, I soon had this house lighted by electricity, so I could look the auto over evenings, giving it loving touches here and there, just as I used to do with poultry when I succeeded in making them lay in winter. Well, the auto would start out; and after the engine was once in motion it would keep the water warm, even in zero weather. But sometimes I wish ta stop for an hour or more, leaving the ma- chine outdoors. This is especially the case in attending church. By the wa}', I have never heard, that I know of, of any one be- fore using an auto to take people to church. It makes me sad to think that the greater part of their owners, so far as we can learn from the automobile journals, not only do not attend church, but I am afraid they never think of churches. The great runs are mostly made on Sunday; and I fear this is often the case, because Sunday is the only day the owner can get away from bus- iness. A man and his wife recently made 1M04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 85 a wonderful trip in an automobile of his own manufacture; and he made it on Sun- day', taking' his wife along. Let me di- gress. Mrs. Riot has for several years lamented that we are so far from town and from church; and she has even asked the ques- tion if we could not, as we got older, have a residence nearthe church, markets, stores, etc , and live there, at least in winter. Just now we are more than half a mile from church and Sunday-school. Well, the auto has solved the problem. For the last two months the children (and grandchildren) have all understood that, if they wanted to make father (or grandfather) happy, they just had to tell him they would like to be taken up street at such an hour or minute. This gives me the open air in all kinds of weather, and I never fire of running my be- loved vehicle. One moraing recently I carried four loads of people from " Rootville" up to the church. We usually take four at a load; but we can easilj' carry five when the roads are good, and six or seven if part of them are chil- dren. Of course, I would not think of run- ning my auto on Sundays just for the fun of it, frightening horses, perhaps, when there is no particular need of it. The way I manage, however, I seldom frighten a horse; but sometimes it is a little annoying to the drivers. I have learned so that I can slow up to a speed not faster than a per- son can walk, and with the machinery so managed as to make almost no noise. Then by talking to the horses I get by without any trouble. Something comes in just here that re- minds me of the dear friends who have crit- icised because they feared I was getting to be a little loose on the question of Sunday observance. By offering to take them on the auto I got several people to go to church who might not have gone otherwise; but if you should question me closely, and ask me which was the inspiring motive, to get peo- ple to go to church or to have an excuse for running my beloved auto on Sunday, I am afraid I ini_e,ht have to plead guilty to the latter. I for one would be exceedingly glad to see all the automobiles used to enlarge instead of decrease church attendance. Be- tween church and Sunday-school a lot of our people want to be brought home; and after Sunday school there are usvially two trips more; and in order to get all our people out to hear the excellent sermons we have Sunday evening, I have the same pro- gram over again. After dark I enjoy the fun of lighting the lamps and seeing every thing work to its fullest perfection. Why, in the drill I have had in working with and manipulating that auto I can detect the slightest sound or vibration of the machine when it get a little bit out of order. When others can hear nothing at all I am follow- ing out and locating the slight imperfection. Since I have been on this drill, and acquir- ed a trained mechanical ear. it arino}-s me to hear a door opened when the hinges need oiling; yes, and when somebody grasps a doorknob where the interior of the lock is grinding for want of oil, I feel an almost irrestible impulse to get my neat little screw- driver and equally neat oilcan, pull the lock to pieces, and give the parts timely at- tention that are going to ruin because of the need of oil. Well, I shall have to confess that, in go- ing to and from church, my mind and all my sensibilities are keenly on the alert in watching and enjoying this new hobby; but when I get inside, I doubt if our good pas- tor has many hearers who listen more de- voutly and intently than I do. I have heard him say that no other one of his hearers questions, asks for further information, and sometimes criticises, as much as I do. Ex- ercising all my faculties in using that auto- mobile Sunday morning wakes me up and prepares me to take in the sermon much better than I could otherwise. A word here about leaving the auto stand- ing out in the cold during the sermon. Af- ter much investigation in reading the auto journals I have discovered that, if we add to the four gallons of water in the tank, ten per cent of glycerine and 3 lbs. of calcium chloride, the liquid or solution will not freeze. In fact, I keep a saucerful stand- ing outside of the auto-house all the time to be sure thjit the liquid in the coils can not get frozen up. Now to the question, "Is it a piece of ex- travagance on my part to pay $650 for such a machine, or is it a good and sensible in- vestment?" While I like horses in a cer- tain way, I do not enjoy caring for them. I do not like the smell of the stables, I do not like to be obliged to clean a horse every morning, and I do not like to hitch one up in winter. I dislike ploddinaf around in the snow, handling an icy harness. Per- haps I might have a warm stable— one that is always warm, like my auto-house; but I should not enjoy it even then. It takes time to hitch up a horse; but the auto is ready to start off in an instant. It is never tired; it gets there quicker than any horse can pos- sibly do. A skillful operator will back up, twist around, run in and out of intricate places, in much less time than any horse could be manipulated. I can take the wo- men-folks up town, bring them back, do er- rands, and manage it all with mv overcoat, and with thick warm mittens on my fingers. The heat of the enirine keeps the vehicle warm to a great exte it, and a comfortable robe does the rest. Yesterday a pretty fair- sized wagonload of bee-jnurnals was to go half a mile to the postoffice. The horses were not hitched up, and the driver was helping in the lumberyard. I said I could take allof the mail sacks nicely at two loads; but we finally piled them all on at one load. It was a little trouble to keep them from falling off: but I got them to the postoffice much quicker than could have been done with horses. When the machine is in perfect order, the time required for it is very little indeed. 86 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 Much less oil is needed in winter; and so far as giving it water is concerned as we have to do in summer, a quart of water once a month seems so far to be ample. I very well know that the repairs have, with many machines, taken a big lot of both time and money; but we should all remember that these new vehicles are in a great mea- sure still in embryo. New inventions in the way of short cuts are coming thick and fast; but the time is already here when many kinds of business — that is, many kinds of transportation of both passengers and mer- chandise— can be managed with the auto- mobile quicker and perhaps cheaper than by the aid of a horse. Now, this paper is already a pretty long one; but I wish to mention one thing more that iust now thrills my very soul. "the truth about radium." The above heading is the title of an article in McCltue's Magazine for November. If you have not seen it, and especially if you are interested in the wonderful developments in the scientific world, I would advise you to get it and read it. When the stories first came out in the papers about radium I pro- nounced it a humbug, especially the part that claimed it gave off both heat and light as well as energy (radio-activity) without being consumed, or losing any of its weight. Soon after reading the article in 3IcClui e'' s I imported from London a microscopic sam- ple of radium. It has been in my possession for just three daj's. The instrument cost $9.00. It is about the size of a small seed- microscope, and it contains a quantity of chloride of radium; but the quantity is so small that you could scarcely see it if it were suspended on the point of a needle. But this little bit of radium has been for three da5's p ist (I do not know how much longer) sending out showers of tiny shoot- ing stars. It has been described some- where as "the bombardment of meteors." You look down in the lens of the microscope, and see something I can describe only by saying it looks like a piece of iron which a blacksmith has overheated, throwing out sparks in e%'erj' direction. We are told this keeps up forever and ever without any loss to the radium — at least none that can be measured by the finest scientific tests. I put it on my stand by my bed every night; and whenever I awake to consciousness I get up to see if it is still there and still glow- ing. In the night time, when it is pitch dark, the flashes can be seen flashing out of the eye-piece, at a distance of several yards. In this position it looks like a twinkling star. There is a regular "twin- kle, twinkle;" and when you put your eye down to the ej'eglass there is that wonder- ful "bombardment," a perfect shower of brilliant scintillations or shooting stars all radiating from a common center; and the crowning wonder of it all is that it never ceases. I can not take the space here to tell you all about radium. At the present time I am told that a large refining factory in Ger- many is working day and night to fill or- ders at $2000 a gram. The dictionary says a gram is equal to the thirtieth of an ounce. When the article to which I have referred was written, there was only about an ounce of radium in the whole world; but nobody knows how much there is now or will be during the year to come. May God be praised for these great and wonderful gifts he has bestowed, and is bestowing, on those who are willing to study and foil, and to search out and find the gifts he has provid- ed for us, even before the world was. IS THE "scalping" BUSINESS IN SELLING railway tickets a swindle? Mr. A. I. Root: — Vou speak of ticket-scalping as be- ing a swindle. Now. I fail to see wherein it is a swin- dle. Of course, it is wrong for a man to sign a wrong name ; but the blame for his doing so rests with the railroad company that forces him to do so in order to get his rights. When any ore goes up to a ticket office and buys a ticket to .some distant place he doesn't buy a bit ot cardboard nor a strip of paper. He buys trans- poi tation for one person Whether for himself or for some one else makes no difference to the company, so long as it is paid for said transportation of one person. The reason there i~ so much red tape about the tickets is bf cause there is money in it Some one either loses his ticket or doesn't want to u'e it, or possibly for sr me reason can't use it. The railroad company has been paid for it, but won't give the tiansportation to any- body else, simply because it has the power not to Un- cle Sam pays the face value of the transportation charges on stamped envelopes etc., back to any one when the envelopes are damaged beyond use, simply charging for the envelopes which are spoiled — a case analogous to the above. I re 'd your articles in Gleanings with a great deal of interest, and should like lo hear from you on this subject again. There are too many wrongs in this world yet for any of our good prominent writers to be upholding any of them R. H. Yearnshaw. Walnut Grove, Cal. Friend Y., I am glad to answer you, be- cause I think a good many other people are making just such tnistakes as you have made. You say when one goes to the ticket- office he "does not buy a bit of cardboard or strip of paper," etc. Now, this whole matter depends on what the agreement is. In order that there may not be mistakes or room for argument, the railway company prints what it agrees to do on every ticket sold, and it seems to me they make it very plain. A few days ago I went to a ticket- office in a neighboring town and called for a ticket to Medina, Ohio. I took the ticket and laid down the money. When I handed it to the conductor on the train he looked at the ticket and then at me. Said he, " Where do you want to go?" When I replied, "To Medina," he held the ticket up before my eyes, and it read to a town off in another direction. I argued that I was an inno- cent party in the transaction. I called for a ticket to Medina, O., and paid the money for it. I said, "If a ticket agent in the employ of your company did not give me what I asked for and paid for, 3'our com- pany is responsible and not myself." He replied, "You and every other pur- chaser of a ticket are at fault if you do not look at it and see whether it reads as it should. Because you did not look at the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 87 ticket at all I shall have to ask you to pay your passag'e. When you ^et to Medina, if j'ou will hand it to your ticket aj^ent he will send it back to the seller, and return you your money." Some of 3'ou may not ag^ree to this; but I think, on further reflection, the conductor was rig-ht. Whoever buj's a railroad ticket, or any thing else, for that matter, should examine the article and see whether it is exactly what he paid his mone}' for and ex- pected to get. The man who pays his mon- ey, and then sticks his purchase in his pocket, without looking at it at all, ought to get into trouble to teach him to watch and see what he is doing — not only to avoid being swindled, but to save trouble and un- necessary delaj-s in the general business of life. Let us now go back to our state- ment. There are a good man3' kinds of railway tickets. Some of them say, "For this spe- cial person and this special train." Other kinds of tickets read just as j'ou have it — transportation for somebodj', no matter who, to a certain place, no matter when, or with- in a limited period. Tickets of the latter class, scalpers can use legitimateh'; but tickets of the former class can not be used, as I see it, without transgressing legal or moral law. Then you make another mistake in sa}'- ing the railwaj's make a speculation on the one who loses a ticket or who does not use it or can not use it. I suppose 3'ou know I travel a great deal. Very often I can not use the ticket I have purchased; and in every case of this kind so far in my life the railroad companies have paid me back the price of the ticket I could not or did not use. At Niagara Falls I blunderingly got on the wrong train, and was obliged to pay $2 50 extra to go to Toronto on the boat. When I told the railway company about it the^' paid me back the price of the ticket, and returned to me the S2.bQ I had paid the steamboat company because of my blunder. I did not lose a copper b}' the transaction, because a railwaj' man told me when I got aboard I had the right train, when he was mistaken. At the Buffalo exposition I pur- chased a sleeper ticket from Buffalo to Cleveland. After I got on the train I found the sleeper would reach Cleveland before midnight. I explained my blunder to the conductor, and he said if I chose to take a seat in the other car the sleeper company would probably return the monej' when I ex- plained the matter to them. They did so without a word. Now in regard to excursion tickets. This is a complicated matter, and perhaps my explanation may not be correct. If so, I wish some railroad man would set me right; but it is something this way: The railroad companies make preparation to carry a great number of passengers to some particular point, on account of the G. A. R., or something of that kind. They run extra cars — perhaps extra trains. Thej' trj' to make a wholesale business of it. They say, "If you will go on such a date, and use a ticket that applies onlj' on the special train, we will carry you at half the regular fare, or less." Well, \vi going ih'\& works all right. They can carry a big crowd a great deal cheaper than they can a few persons. But many of these persons are Yankees. They want to look over the world, and they do not want to go back until they get ready. Furthermore, thej* usually want to go back some other way, so their return trip will be through some part of the country they have never seen before. Well, these railway companies, when they take a notion, are very liberal, and so thej' say, "If you go with us on that special train we will not only let j'ou come home when you wish, within a certain limit, but we will let you choose your route home. If you prefer to travel on some other road than ours on the return trip we will take the money out of our pockets and pay this other railroad company cash for carrying you." Now, this the railroad company could afford to do if its patrons all did exactlj' as they agreed, or according to the printed agreement on the ticket; but the railroad companies have learned by experience that these same Yankees who are so anxious to see the whole world, and staj' as long as thej' please, are also greedy on a trade, es- pecially if they can make a trade so as to save alittle money. Someofthemmayconclude to stay a while, we will say in California; and when one of them runs across a man who is going back east he sells him his ticket at a very much lower price than he could buy one outright. But this new par- ty has to pretend he is the original pur- chaser. He has to sign a name to the tick- et that is not his own. He does something that would be called forgery, if it were not in a railroad-ticket deal. You admit this is wrong; but you seem to take the ground after all that the railroad company is not injured thereby. But it /^ injured. It loses customers who would otherwise pay the regular established prices. Many seem to think these prices are a g'reat deal too high, and that it is not any thing' particularly wrong to cut down the price established by the railroad companj'. But, my good friend, these same companies have agreed on an established price. You can not travel on any other railroad, and you can not travel in any other way any cheaper than the reg^- ular printed rates. If their prices are too high, as with every thing else there will soon be competition, and prices will come down. I do not know that ticket scalpers are alwa^'s dishonest men; but Ihey are usually a tricky sort of people, and every one who deals with them knows their reputa- tion. They do not make a living by dealing- honestly as people do in other lines of busi- ness. Very likely a part of their business, and perhaps a great part of it, is legitimate and honest. I for one want nothing to do with a man who coolly looks j'ou in the face and says there is nothing wrong in signing' another man's name, for the reason that GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 "it is done every day by all sorts of peo- ple." Just one thing- more in closing: People in all kinds of business offer spe- cial barg-ains, or special low rates, provid- ing 3'ou comply with certain conditions. A good many times an outsider can not see what difference it makes whether you com- ply exactly with the letter or not; and per- haps it might take considerable time to make the thing plain to customers who want something a little different. I might give one illustration right here. A man wants a hundred hives; but he does not want them exactly like the regular run. He explains to me that the change he wishes will be really less work than the regular goods; but when I tell him they will cost him more money made that way, even though I admit it requires less work on the hives, he can not or will not believe I am honest, even when I explain it will cost us quite a liitle more than to have him take the regular goods. The trouble is, he fails to recognize that we have to stop a busy factory, or throw things out of joint, more or less, to make something out of the regular routine. Now, it is the same way with our railroad com- panies. Whenever I have a chance to look into their methods of management I find reasons for their "red tape, " as we call it, that I could not understand when I stood outside. SOME REFLECTIONS (?) IN REGARD TO THE CLERKS WHO HAVE CHARGE OF OUR SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT. Every little while some of my good friends of former years get a notion in their heads, perhaps quite naturally, that, since their old friend A. I. Root has dropped out some- what from the active part of our business, things are not attended to as they used to be in the "good old times." Below is a sample of what we get once in a while — not much of a sample, after all, because I do not know that we ever before received any thing quite so "strenuous." I have no scruples about printing it, from the fact that he has particularly requested it, as you will notice. The A. I. Root Co.: — What is the matter with you? For ten successive weeks I have asked you to change my address as above. Gleanings does not come. I got a few stray back numbers that I succeeded in whipping out of you. My former postoffice was Mid- daghs. Pa. Send me Dec. 15 Gleanings at once. I will stoop no lonser to your injustice through careless- ness. I have wasted postage enough on you. You can return my subscription money, and then I will expose you in the other bee papers as a warning to others. Dear old Gleanin-s! Must it come to this? For twenty-seven years I read its pages; and has it now become the child of ineflfi'^iency. so far as I am con- cerned? Don't go to wri) tables. Flowers, I'ield Seeds and Plants. IIOO.OOO PACKAGES SEEDS FREE \on above plan. Write quick. Send iiameSy ^of ueii;)ibors who buy saeds. .$11 1) cusky for best list. See the catalo, Jlarry N. Hammond Seed Co., ltd. Jiox 9 Bay City, Mich. Oats TO Greatest oat of the century. Yielded in VX3 in Ohio 1S7, In Mich. 231, in Mo. 2').5,and in N. Dakota 31U bus. per acre. You can beat that record in 1804 I For 10c and Uiis notice we mail you free lots of farm seed Pamples and our bin catalot;, tell- ing all about this oat wonder and thousands of other seeds. A. JOHN A. SALZER SEED 00.^//// La Crosse, F. Wis. Once Grown Always Grown The Maule motto 1 >r more than 25 years. M y new " BOOK for 1904 Co«t ovpr S'^cno to publish. If you h.ave a p'qrrtcn you can h-' ve a cb-^v for the asking. Send a postal for It to Wm. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa. BARGAINS IN PLANTS AND TREES worth double the money, by mail postpaid. 200 Marie Strawberry $100 | 20 Wilder Currants 8100 100 Kinp Raspberry 1 00 ino Ea. King Blackberry 1 00 100 Ohmer " 1 00 20 Nia'ara Grapes 1 00 20 Worden " 1 00 Everythinpr for the fruit grower be Free catalog of ijreat barrjains OFay 20 i:iberta Peach 10 Pear assorted 10 Cherry assorted 15 Apples " arieties cheap. strawberry 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 plants free for 6 names of fiuit growers and 2c stamp W. N. SCARTF, NEW CARLISLE, OHIO S^BRAPEVINES 100 Varieties. ed .-tocii. Ceiinine. die descriptive pricodisttv mail Fruits, Trees, &c :!s;iMi!:ie vinesni.-iilcd tor iOo. Lewis Roesch, Fredonia, N.Y. TREES THAT GROW Har.iy varifitieathi-tyicld biperope. Grafted Apple GJ^jc; Budded "* Peach f)c: Concerd Grapes 3c; mack Locust Seed- Hop, »1.35 per 1000. Send for ed catalogue. . ~^r- Englieh or Gcr- 1iV*^^^in«n, free. C«RL SONOEREGGER Bex 100 Beatrice, lleb. [PEMH TREES Hardy, fruitful kinds. Honest values, 5c each. Apple trees, 5H'C. Concord grapes, SL'u per lOtlO. Kus- Bian Mulberry and Black Locust. 81.40 per 1000. Rambler roses. 25c. 810 orders prepaid. Catalog' free. Gaj'e County Nurnories I5ox «.ir, Bcutrlet;, Neb. FENCE! STROStCEST MADE. BuU _, . ~ "" ~ strung, Chicken- Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale Prices. Fully Warranted. Catalog Free COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box K)l, Winehester, Indiana, C. S. A. FREE "GREAT CROPS OF STRAWBERRIES A^'D HOW TO CROW THEM. A strawberry book written by Ihe *'SJ / a vi berry Ji//ooklet"An Ideal Harrow" by Henry Stewart, mailed f I ee. 1 deliver f.o.b. New York, tlilcuKo. «o- Ininl.ii9.r,..ui8riII<'.Knns»sCIlT, Mlaneapolls.SaiiFrsiifiseo. DUANE H. NASH, Sole Mir., Mllllngton, N. J. Branch Housm: 110 WuliiDr^onSt,Chii!«so. 24 >-:44 7th Ave. South, Miouempolu. 131& W. Bth Street, KanMi Citj. i'l.JiASK MJiMlOW THIS PAPJiK. SPRAYPUMPS The Pump r^ SPRAY ?SlnSfay^ That Pumps In PUMPS Tank and Spiay YEilS Store Ladders, Etc. Glass ^ 'Val?e of all kinds. Write for Circulars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel rollerbehrings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown off the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buv in quantitv. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland. • Ohio. «PRAVING V— ^ hrin'jsfruitsaiid flowers. We make the right anpliances. Special adapta- tion to every need. HAND, BUCKET, BARREL KNAP- SACK and POWER SPRAYERS. everysprayingacceeeory. Write tor free catalog. The Doming Co., Salem, O. Tt: nlrrii A en'n , H- "tun .^ [luhbeti, Chicago, BiPedal Sickle ai\d Tool Grinder Geared like a bioycle, fitted with famous Carborundum wheel jrrinds 20 times as fast as sand stone. For Sickles. Edt'e Tools. Saw Gummins:, Polishinor. Farmers' Special Offer, 10 Days Free Trial. Price S8.50. Return if not eatisfactory. Agents Wanted. K. Luther Bros. Co., IS PennSt., N. Milwaukee Wis. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 93 LET YOU SPLIf HICKORY SPECIAI^ BUGGY Read the Following Description. Write us your suggestions and any] changes you nould wish in your Bugcy and wo will put you on the right track (o got just what vou want promptly. make your buggy to order as you desire, and ship to you when spring ope at any reasonable time order is placed. That will got just what you best liuggy mado ¥^¥Wi The same price for 4^ which tho regular Stock Split Hickory is sold. Don't put this off. READ THIS DESCRIPTION OF THE $50 SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL BUGGY. ^Wheels— Sarven patent, 38 and i'l inches hieh orhigher if wanted. Tire Ji inch by t^ inch thick, round cdfre. Axles— Lon? distance, dust proof, withconicnted axle hods. 8prtnfC8 — Oil tampered, graded and graduated, 3 and 4 leaf . Woo'len Spring Bar furnished regularly, Bailey Loop if preferred. Cpholsterinc— Finest quality 10 oz. imported all wool broadcloth cushion and hack. Spring cushion and ?..]id panel spring h%ck. To:>— Genuine No. 1 enameled leather quarters with heavy waterproof rubber roof and back curtain, lined and reinforced. I'aintins — Wheels, gear wood, body and all wood work carried 100 days in pure oil and lead. 16 coats cf paint with tho very highest pradeof finishing varnish. Gear painted any color desired. Body plain black with or without any striping. This buggy is furnished complete with good, high padded, patent leather dash, fine quality, full length carpet, side curtains, storm apron, quick shifting shaft couplings, full leathered shafts with 36 inch point leathers, Epccial heel >>race3 and corner braces. Longitudinal Center Spring. Any reasonable changes can he made in the finish and construction of this Buggy. We make it to suit the custo- mer's tiste, and guarantee it to please, no matter what the requirements are. no DAYS' FREE TRIAL allowed on Split Hickory Vehicles for you to test them thoroughly in every way. A positive '2 years' guarantee given with nvery one. This is a piain business i»roposition between business i:ien. Our reputation is established by many years of honorable dealing with buggy users direct and you are assured cf a equare deal when you accept our jiroposition. Send for our Fbek l:l6-page Catalogue of Split Hickory Vehicles and Harness. THE OHIO C^RRUGE MFO.CO.. (H. C. Phelps, President.) l020Sixth Street. CINCINNATI, OHIO. NOTJi: We carry a full Una of higU-grade Harness sold direct to tho user at wholesale prices. LINKED TOGETHER City— Town— Country. With telephone connection the farmer is next door to everywhere and everybody. When In need of extra help on the farm, or repairs for machinery from town or city the telephone proves of inestimable value. Stromherg^CBirlmon are connecting more farmers to money savin;? advantages than all the other makes combined. V»' here ver the best service at lowest cost in the end is desired, the "strong "phones" are selected. Send five 2c stamps for lC8-page telephone book for the man that wants to know ALL, or we send book F- 36 "Telephone Facts for Farmers" free. STROMBERG-CARLSON TELEPHONE CO., ROCHESTER, N. Y.,AND CHICAGO, ILL 94 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE, PROFITABLE "PEEPERS" Welcome sounds— the first faint "peeps" from cracking shells- heard coming from the evenly heated egg chamber of the Sure Hatch Incubator Those sounds mean monev profit for the owner. A Sure Hatch starts chicks in life with strong lungs, solid bodies and pood con- stitutions. Our free catalogue CIO tells how. Write now. Sure Hatch Incubator Co., Clay Center, Neb., or Indianapolis, Ind. Jan. 15 backed by every dollar we hav will haUh a larLrer per attentiun, less tru The Cyphers Guarantee rUl is maile t, Mi-a-e of liealthv, vi,-. I'ie and mure satisfai_ti> you, personal Iv. It says that YOU ruus chicks, viih le:5 oil, less i n a genuine, patented CYPHERS INCUBATOR nin any other make or you get your miney back. The genuine Cyphers is the only pat- diapliragm. non-moisture, self-ventilating, self-regulating' incubator. Adopted and en. ■St- 1 I'V ;'o Government Experinv ntStat.ons and used by more leadincr poultrvmen than o 1 erniakes comb ne 1. C it:ilo-ue free if v-ii name tl-.is paper. A • Idrcss nearest oftlLe. CYPHERS iriCI-'BATOFl CO. Buffalo. N'.Y., Chicago, Boston, New York. Y I OU'RE LOOKING for just eiich a machine as Miller's new Idaal Incubator, the perfect liateher, sent on 80 days' trial. Abso- lutely auloraatic. Test it yourself. Bi? poultry and poultry supply book free. J. W. Mine • Co., Box 48 to get high per cent hatches. ^41 GEM INCUBATORS 1 Wake every perm and hatch 1 profit -fetching chicks that h live. Learn all about em iinfreecataloi^. Write now. ] The Opiu Incubator Co. 'Box 5S I»uyton, O. 382 FIRST PRIZES AWARDED PRAIRIE STATE ' INCUBATORS AND BROODERS The United States Government continues to use them exclu- sively; also the largest poultry and duck breeders. Ourcatalo^ p-^^j^ will interest you. Send for one, p^i^ Prairie State Incubator Co. »"-•«« Homer CltT. Pa. I The Bantam beata 'am all. One cuetomer writes he ob- taii,e.l Jl chicks fruui ^.i' e^?8. The Bantam hatches every fertile efceverj time. Catalogue proves i t — sent free. Buckeye Incubator Co. Box, 64, Springfield, O. POVLTRY. PAYS when the hens lay. Ksep them laying. For hatching and brood- ing use the best reasonable priced Incubators and Brooders — built upon honor, sold upon guarantee, THE ORMAS li. A. Banta, Lisonier, Indiana Counting Chicks Before Hatching is not safe unless you have an IOWA ROUND INCUBATOR R. C. Bauerininstei, Norwood, Minn., got 493 chicks from 503 esb's. He followed directions, the ma- chine did the work, because it was built on right principles and by good workmen. The IOWA has fiber-board case, does not shrink, swell, warp or crack. Regulation and ventilation perfect. Our free book gives more testimonials and full particulars. Everything about incubation free. IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX 197,DES MOINES, IOWA Try a Royal 30 Days FiFee, We believe and claim that it's the best incubator ever FINE POULTRY ^^*^ ^^"^^ Try it FREE TRIAL Prices Right. 30 days, if you don't like it you needn't keep_ it. Absolutely self regulating. Send for trial order blank. Incubator and PouItryCatalog free, with poultry paper one year ten cents. Royal Incb. Co., Dapl.503i Des Molnas, la^ 1^-80 For ^200 Egg INCUBATOR Perfect in construction and on. Hatches every fertile egg. Write for catalog to-dav. QEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III This Lightning Lice Killing Macliine kills all lice and mites. No injury to birds or feathers. Handles any fowl, smallest cbick to larirept irobbler. Mada in three sizes PaTS for itself first season. Mbo Lijhtnin,, Lirt KMiiiq i\iuider. Pnultry Ilits.Lict Murder, etc. We secure speoiaMow express rate^, Cataloc mailed free. Write lor it. CHARLES SCHILD, Ionia, Mich, 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 95 CHICKS THAT LIVE gi'tstioiiK ami licalthy— p.i in steadily in weiRlit. are cliioks hutched in Keliable Ineubatd The Reliable provide-^ antoiiintii^ally a constnnt ourreiu of mlorlei-s, warm nir !>t a uniform temperature— chirks pip, hatch and thrive un- der its nature-like conditions. Send 10 cents and t'ct our 20th annual catalocr— lull of poultry iulorniHtion. Reliable Incubator and BrooUer Co., Box B-'-.9i Quincy, III. All Business No hazard, no e\iieriine!iting. You h:\tcli the most and brood the best with ■ pruvcn their way. Frsinipt — ,ij=— ^ Hunt of Eastern orders from our Bulla in bouse baton Catalog; free, wiih Poultry Cat iloj? Picts. D es Moines In cb. Co., Depl. S O 3, Pes Moines, la. Oreider's Fine Catalog of Prize-Wionios Poultry for 1904. This book is printed In differeiit col- ore. Contiiins a Fine CliroLuo of life iko fowls suitable for irani- ing. It illublra 68 and describes 60 varieliea of poultry, ducks, gees'', etc. It shows beptequp- ped poultry yard? and houses— how to build houses ;cure for diseases ; Best Lice Destroyer how to make hens lay; poultry t^upplies and such inforiuMiion asisof much u e to all who k ep chickens. Prce'* of egss and stock witMn reacli ofi.ll. Send 10 cents lor this noted book. r P.. n. GREIDEK, KHEEHS, PA. SCRAWNf GiKKS lac!; r.uflicient nourisliiLiont. li^ttton tbeta — niai;e them healthy — lecd tlioru Mrs. Pinkerton's Chick Food. It prevents bow- el trouble. It's all food — easily digested. Write for catalog of prize birds at St. Louis and Chicapro 1903 Shows. Gives prices and valuable information. Anna L, Pinkerton Company, Box 2*) , Hastings Neb. POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. 32 TO M PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazire Beautifully illustrated. 50c jrr., shows readers how lo succeed with I*i.ultry. .Special Introductory OfTcr. 3ycars60cts; lyearSJcts; 4 months trial lOcts. Stampsacceptcd. Sample copy free. 148 page illustratea practical uitry book free to yearly subscribers. ..talogue of poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co.> ^^'^Lgfieid.o. Farmers Voice Great (Ji Co = Operative Club «PI Send us the names of ten friends or neighbors whom you believe will be interested in a journal standintr for the farmer's best interests, and we wni s.-nd you these five preat periodicals each Ol which stands at the head of its class. FariTier's Voice rr.nvX. $ .601 ntloDal ekij For forty years the most earneat advocate of all things which tend to make life on the farm more pleasurable and profitable. Wayside Tales America's Great Short Story Magazine, 90 pages in regular ma- gazine size of clean stories every month on fine book paper. .03 Regular Price 8.10 FOR The American Poultry Journal . 50 J^ only The oldest and best poultry paper in the world. The Household Realm . . .50 For 18 years tne only woman's paper owned, edited and pub- lished exclusively by women. M's Family Magazine . .50 The leading Floral Magazine of America.^ For Tick's you may Btibstltnte Green's Fruit Grower, Farm Journal, Blooded Stock, Kansas City Btar or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Fanners' Voice free. Liberal terms to agents. VOICE PUB. CO.. 113 Voice Bldg., Chicago. FnVPlnnP^ printed-to-order, only $1 per 1000: send LU T Ciupc J, for free sample and state your business. Strawberry Culture A (>()-i>at^e biH/k, makes you un- derstand tlie whole subject. Sent postpaid on receipt of 25c, silver or Ic stamps. Worth four times the price. Money biickit \ ou eluding 45,000 of the f:iiiu>ii» ^ ' <'i iitiMoii ]lt:imbler.44^;reen- Iimu^-cs ot P:t!iiiK, Ferns, ''f'4^ l''ieu». (ilei-iiiiiiiins. Ever- 4^' Itlouniitig Koses and other /i^& things too numerous t) mon- UAfc-^tinn, Seeds, Plants, Roses, Etc., ,'j\^i^liy mail postpaid, safe arrival ',«^i^^ and satisfaction guaianteed. Eletrant 168 page catalogue free. Send fi ir it and see what values we give for a little money, lUectioiis of Seeds, Plants, Trees, iffered cheap which will interest you. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Box 142 PAINESVILLE, OHIO. m nsni —a touching story of devotion telling how Mandy paid the mortgage and saved the farm Tells how to mako money from poultry. Also Egg record and Calendar for 1901. Mailed free. Reo. II. Lee Co., Omaha, Neb. I nt UnUVVil for cutting i/rpen bones. For the poultryman. liest in the world. Lowest in pnir. .send for circular and testi- monials. \« ilsun lirus., EAs.TO.\, PA. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 New Brodbeck CorneiM DoiibleBIast We have now made arrangements by which we can furnish the Brod- beck patented features in our regu- lar Jumbo 4 inch-barrel smoker. It has an inner birrel, or b!;-l^t-ch amber, in which the fuel is placed so that the fire d es not come in contact with the smoker-cup proper. In use the blast in forced against a deflector from which it is then driven between the inner and outer bar- rel, and also through the grate and fuel. The direct effect of this is to create a double blast — a cold and a hot— to incre -se the force of the blast, and to prolong the life of the smoker because the outer barrel will be nearly cold. The smoke will not be quite so dense and pungent as in the hot-blast smokers of standard pattern ; but there are some who may prefer a stronger blast, even if the smoke is less pungent. Price of the Brodbeck Cornell, d*_ O^-^ 4-inch size, $150, or postpaid ^I.OiJ* The A. I. ROOT COMPANY, MEDINA, OHIO. WAX PROFITS. Fig. 169.— The Root-German Steam Wax-press. Price $11.00. Shipping weight, 70 lbs. Many bee -keepers allow old combs and scraps of beeswax to collect, which, for lack of time and the proper utensils, are scattered or eaten up by moth -worms. A big item would be added to the year's profits by the timely ren- deriEg" of said wax by an econom- ical process. We believe the press illus- trated herewith fills a long-felt want in rendering wax. B. Walker, Clyde, 111., says: Was inclined to believe at first that the German wax-press was a failure; but after a thorough trial I was well pleased. I secured 30 lbs. more wax from one day's use of the machine than I would have secured by the ordinary method of rendering. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., State In- spector of Apiaries, and General Manager National Bee-keepers' Association, says: The German wax- press is by far the best ma- chine or process to save wax from old black brood- combs. Manufactured by ^he A. I. ROOT CO,, Medina, OHio, U. S. A. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 97 DON'T WAIT any LONGER to Buy. BIG DISCOUNTS for Orders Now. Write to us to day and say what you want and (*' ^ local demand exceeds your supply I can furnish you promptly, ^^ . and at prices that will justify you in handling it. If interested ^^ ^^ write for my special price list of honey. ^1^ ^ ^ ^ riy Illustrated Catalog is mailed free]to every applicant. Ad- J^ Y^ dress your communications to "^ I WALTER S. POUDER, f 513=515 Massachusetts Ave., - INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^ 100 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 WEED FOUNDATION MADE IN DENVER. We have just received word f;om Henry F. Haeen of Denver, Col., wlio recently in.'-tallt-d an outfit of ma- chinery for making foundation by the Weed process, with .samples of his work The sample- arf a credit to him, and we do not ste how they could be improved. BUSINESS BOOMING. Orders continue to roll in as fast as wi- cnn ship, and we find ourselves about thirty cars beliind at the pres- ent time, and obliged to turn awaj- some new business offered us. We are shipping five or .si.x cars a week, and doing all we can to keep race with the orders for carloads. Small ordeis are shipped promptly. COLD-FRAMES OR HOT-BED SASH. We are prepared to furnish sash made of cypress, the very best material for the purpose. They are 154 inches thick, outside bars 2^ inches wide ; center bars IJ^ inches wide, grooved or rabbeted for glass, regu- larly n ade for 4 rows of 8inch glass; outside measure, 3 feet I'/f inches by (i feet Pr'ce in flat, 89 cts each; 5 for $3 75; 10 for 87 00; 8x10 glass for s.Tine at $2.70 per box;ft-box lots at $2 50; 10 boxes, f2 10 per b ix. We still have some pine sash, l^a thick, with side bars 3% wide, 3 ft. 4 inches x 6 ft., at frame price as above. SWEET CLOVER (YELLOW OR WHITE). We have on hand a large supply of these clover seeds. Prices as follows: 1 lb. 10 lbs. 100 lbs. Sweet Clover, white 15 $1.20 810 00 (hulled).... 20 1.70 15.00 yellow 20 1.70 15.00 I [If sent by mail add 10c per lb. to these prices. MAPLE-SUGAR MAKERS' SUPPLIES. We are prepared to furnish buckets shipped direct from factory at Toledo, Ohio, or from W< stern New York Prices on apnlication. Record spouts from here. $1 00 per 100 J9.00 per 1000 ; quart cans, at a spe- cial price to reduce present slock, $5 50 per 100; $50 per 1000 ; ^-gallon cans, $8 50 per 100 ; 1 gallon cans, $10.50 per 100. These are special pi ices, just for the sugar- making season only, to those ordering from this notice and mentioning the same in the order, MAPLE SUGAR AND THE SUGAR-BUSH. If any of our friends are planning to make maple sugar or syrup next spring I think it will pay them to have our little book, which now contains an appendix giving an account of my experience in ray little sugar- bush in Michigan last spring With the modern im- plements that are cm the market, it is really a pleasure to work a little sugar-bu^h In fact, I do not know of any rural occupation that I enjoy more. It is one of the first pieces of outdoor work you can get at in the spring ; and if you have a good roof over your boiling- camp, with plenty of dry wood, the disagreeable weather which is likely to occur during sugar-making time is not very much to be dreaded. I am glad to notice one of he latest and best sap spiles made is ad- veiti-ed in this issue. If you are going to enjoy sugar- makina you ought to be up to the times, and have the very best tools. The price of the maple-sugar book is only 25 cents; 5 cents extra if s nt by mail. — A. I. R. EXTRACTED HONEY. We keep on hand a large stock of extracted honey from difierent sources, and are prepared to supply at the prices shown below. The following flavors are usually in stock. PACKAGES. By far the largest part of our honey comes put up in the (0 1b. square tin cans, two cans in a case. We also get some in kegs and barrels. We agree to furnish it only in such packages as we happen to have. Unless \ ou find price quoted for different packages, it is understood that we furnish only in 5-gallon and 1- gallon cans. PRICES. — F. O. B MEDINA, CHICAGO, OR PHILADELPHIA V ^ T 5 -is ^a o^ Kind. "o S V- boa i5 CO o .5 ° <^^ vS S^ 0 etf 0! a V o a rt o per lb per It pc. lb per gal per gal White Clover 8^ 8 7^i 1 20 1 10 Basswood 8:4. 8 VA 1 £0 1 10 Alfalfa 8 7 7V2 7 6 1 20 1 10 1 10 Orange 1 CO e% 8 hy 1 00 90 No FisH can Escape this hook. Sent anywhere for 10 cents. When you order ask for our t^^ CATALOGUE. It contains the best and very latest useful novelties of- fered the public. ECLECTIC SUPPLY CO., 90 W. Broadway, New York. BARNES' Hand and Foot Power Machinery. This cut represents out combined circular saw which is made for bee keeper's use in the con- struction of their hives sections, boxes, etc., etc. Machines on Trial. Send for illustrated cata- log and prices. Address W. F. & Jno. Barnes Co., S4S Ruby St., Rockford. : Illinois, w ANTED — .An experienced man to work with bees. CHEEK & Wallinger, Las Animas Colo. WANTED.— A Barnes machine with cutterheads, to cut from ^s inch to 1^ in.; two r2-in, saws 1 rip, I cut-off. G. C. Carter, Freshwater, Va. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1884 1904 Years 101 [HHSSHSHSaSHSaSHSHSHSBSHSHSHHESHSHSP SBHHSHEf^ Of experience in the manu- facture of Hives and Supplies, and a little longer in Queen- rearing, with good facilities, will enable us to fill your or- ders wdth satisfaction and promptness. :: Let us send you our 64-page Catalog. . . . 1 SI J. M. JENKINS, WETUMPKA, = = ALABAMA. 102 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jan. 15 3 Per Cent Discount During' the MontH of January Send for our 1904 catalogue and price list. Our hives are jjerfect workmanship and material. TaKe Advantage of Early Discounts and.'sendryour orders in now. By so doing you SAVE MONEY AND SECURE PROMPT SHIPMENTS Page (Q^tL/yoTi Mfg. Co. New London, Wisconsin, U. S. A. »...»♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ _ -^ .. t I Dittmer's Foundation X RETAIL AND WHOLESALE ♦ 4 ♦ ♦ Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the ♦ ♦ Clestnest and Ptxre^t, and in all respects the best and most desirable. T 2 Send for samples. Working wax into foundation, for cash, a specialty. 4 ♦ Eeeswax always wanted at HigKest Price. ♦ f A Full Line of Supplies, R.etail atnd 'WHolesale. T A Send at once for catalog^, with prices and discounts. 4 ♦ E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., sole agents for Canada. ♦ I CUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wisconsin | »».♦»»♦♦ »♦»..»♦♦♦**♦♦♦♦♦•♦».♦♦♦♦♦»♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ORIGINAL PATENT BINGHAM SMOKERS, 4-inch heavy tin Smoke Engine, 381 holes in steel fire-grate, postpaid |1 50 3 54 -inch Doctor, i 86 holes in grate 1 10 3-inch Conqueror, 220 holes in grate 1 00 2H inch L,arge, 170 holts in grate 90 2-inch Wond- r, 110 holes in grate 6.5 4-iuch heavy Copper, 381 holes in grate 2 00 Twenty-five years the only patents granted, most improved, standard, and be^t iii the world. Never a complaint All have shields, bent cup, and coil-wire handles. Never go out, or throw sparks or soot. Bingham Smo- kers are not like other smokers. I would like to show \ou the many let- ters 1 have, but will summarize ihem below: " Don't see how they could be improved;" "Best I ever used:" "Perfect satisfaction;" "Perfection itself." The latest unadvertised patent, dated 1903, sent by the inventor on receipt of 10c above regular prices of the 3 larger sizes of smokers. T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, MiCH.Jf Volume XXXII. FEBRUARY I, 1904. Number 3 IH^BEE CULTU: Eastern Edition. Entered at thf. Postokfice at Medina, Ohio, as Second-ci.ass Matter «i« We are Jobbers of Bee-keep- ers' Supplies in this State, representing- The G. B. Lewis Co,, and Dadant & Son. WHOLESALE and RETAIL^ Several carloads continuously on hand. Send for our 40- page illustrated catalog-. Lewis Cifl.&.Wooi}iiia[| Grand Rapids, Mich. NOUX ipl STOI^nGE AUifllTHSLG YOUJR ORDERS Consisting of a full line of STANDARD GOODS Danzenbaker Hives, Root's DoVd J4ives, Root's Chaff Hives, Hilton Chaff Hives, Hilton T-Supeps, Cotuan Extractors, Cornell Snnokers, The Doolittle Wax- extractors, and Al- ley Traps, ete., etc. As well as -Weed Foundation, Section Boxes, Sec- tion-presses, Enamel - cloth, Brushes, Honey - boards, Tin Rabbits, Taps for outting-screw- holes, and Manuni Swarm-catchers. Write for descriptive matter regarding Hilton Chaff Hives and T-supers, with prices on the number you think of purchasing. 36-PAGE CATALOG FREE GEO. F. HILTON, Fremont, Mich. I The Danzenhaker Hive The Comb-honey Hive- Root's Good's sold in Michigan by M. H HUNT & SON. vSend for Catalog. THREE POINTS OF EXCELLENCE: Quality--You can produce better-looking noney. Quantity--Yo^ can produce more of it. Pf ice-- You can get more per pound for it. The Danz. Book of " FACTS ABOUT BEES " teUs aU about it, and what successful bee- keep- ers say in favor of it. We want to send it to you. Please send^ to my address*" Danzenbaker's 'Facts About Bees, telling about the Dan- zenbaker hive. Name Address The Danz. Hive-Sold in MIcliigan by M. K. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, - Mich. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 107 Headquarters for BEE- UPPLIES. Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices. Large, complete stock now ready; liberal dis- count on early orders; insure you prompt service and lowest freight rates. Give me your orders and you will save money. Cata- log free — send for same. SEEDS OF DIFFERENT HONEY PLANTS. Let me book your order for QUEENS (see catalog, page 29) as stock for early orders is limited. NUCLEI ready to supply, begin- ning June. L. Office and Salesroom, 2146 and 2148 Central Ave. Warehouse, Freeman and Central Aves. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 108 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel- stain or otherwise ; all tho cells sealed exceot an occasional Crill, the outside snrfaceof the wood well scraped of propolis. A No. 1.— All stcr ons well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; c imbs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soileil, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soi.ed. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark; that is there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Toronto. — The demand for honey is not very brisk. Prices are much the same In some cases it has been offered a little lower than it was earlier in the season, owing to the fact that some who have held back are now getting anxious to dispose of their crop. Retail- ers who usually get a stock in the fall are getting it pretty well disposed of, and there should be a pretty fair demand for it between now and the time maple syrup comes in. First class clover and basswi od in wholesale lots, 6(^7c. Comb honey remains unchang- ed, being from $1.50 to $2.00 per dozen, according to quality. E. Grainger & Co , Ian. 19. Toronto. Kansas City.— Instead of our honey market im- proving, it has grown worse so far as comb is con- cerned The receipts have increased, and fancy comb and No. 1 have been sold as low as S150 per case of 24 sections. We do not look for any improvement in prices before February, if then. We quote fancy, white comb, 24-section cases, $2.60; No. 1, comb. 21- section cases, $2 50: No. 2, comb, 24section cases, $i 40. Extracted, white, per lb., 7(0)8%; amber, 6(^6%. Bees- wax. 25'ai28. C. C. Clemons & Co., Jan. 44. Kansas City, Mo. Milwaukee. — There has not been much change of the situation as regards this market on honey. The receipts are small, the offerings are fair, the supply here is liberal, and the quality very good. The de- mand is not very urgent, and not as good as we desire for the comfort of our shippers, but we expect that time will solve the problem and consumers will do their work ; and we will do our pirt and shippers do their part in awaiting results, and the work will be done. We continue to quote fancy, l.S®14 ; No 1, 12®, 12'/^; dark, out of condition or medium grade nominal. Extracted in barrels, cans, and pails, white. 6%@8; dark, (i@754. Beeswax. 2S(a».S0. A. V. Bishop & Co., Jan. 14. 119 Buffalo St., Milwaukee, Wis. Boston. — There is but little new to note in our hon- ey market. Stocks are ample, and prices as follows: Fancy white, 16; A No. 1, 15; No. 1, 14. Extracted. (5 to 8, according to quality. Blake, Scott & I,re, Jan. 18. Boston, Mass. Schenectady — Market continues dull for both comb and extracted, with very little demand. We look for an improvement in extracted soon. No change in prices, which are nominal at present. Jan. 18. Chas. McCulloch, Schenectady, N. Y. San Francisco —Honey, new comb, white. 12®14c ; araHer. 10a>l2; extracted, water white, 5%'5 6: light am- ber, OiftS)^; dark amber, 45^@5. Beeswax 26(a2S. Ernest B. Schaeffle, Jan. 12. Murphys, Cal. Cincinnati.— The demand for honey shows little life at the present time. Have an ample supply al- though we are looking for a revival of trade iu the near future Prices are declining owing to the super- fluous quantity in this country. We are selling am- ber extracted in barrels at r>}4('dCr, wh'te clover, 6\4(S)S, according to quality. Fancy comb honey telling slow at 14.gil5. Beeswax, good demand at 30c The Fred W. Muth Co., Jan. 25. 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, O. Denver. — No. 1 white comb honey, $2 50(382.75; extracted, white. 714(S'~H- extracted, light amber. 6% (5,7^: light amber comb S2.25'5$2 60. Beeswax wanted at 26c to 30c. according to color and cUanline's. The Colo Honey Producers' Ass'n. Jan. 22. 1440 Market bt., Denver, Colo. San Francisco.— Honey, new comb white, 10fffil2; amber. 8(3:10; exli acted, water white. 5i<;(g6; light am- ber, .5(555^; dark amber, 4%(ao. Bee-wax 26(328. Trading in honey is light and mostly of a jobbing or- der. Ernest Schaeffle, Murphys, Cal. For Sale.— 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in ca.ses of two new 60-lb. cans each, at 7% cts. per lb.; 335-lb. barrels at 7 cls. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R. R. No. 1, Viola, Wis. r For Sale. ^Thirty barrels choice extracted white- clover honey Can put it up in any stj'le of package desired. Write for prices, mentioning style of pack- age, and quantity wanted. Sample mailed on receipt of three cents in P. O. stamps. Emil J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale. —Extracted honey. Finest grades for ta- ble use. Prices quoted on application. Sample by mail, 10 cts. to pay for package and postage. Orel L. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Bufifalo, N. Y. For Sale.— 5000 lbs. of fine comb and extracted hon- ey, mostly all comb. L. Wer.ner, Box 387. Edwardsville, 111. For Sale. — Fancy basswood and white-clover hon- ey: 60 lb cans, 8c; 2 cans or more, 7%c; bbls , 7J^c. E. R. Pahl & Co., 294 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. For Sale. — 5000 lbs. best pure clover honey, in bar- rels and 60 lb. cans, at 6Kc and 7 c per lb.; G^ c for the lot. F. B. Cavanagh, McBain, Mich. For Sale. — Fine extracted honey for table use, in 60-lb. cans. Price for white, single can, 7'^c; two or more, 7c. Amber, one cent less. C. H. Stordock, Durand, Ills. Wanted. — Honey. Selling fancy white, 15c; amber, 13c. We are in the market for either local or car lots of comb honey. Write us. Evans & Turner, Columbus, Ohio. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted — Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted — To pav cash for comb and extracted honey. State kind with best prices I,. H. Robey, Worthington, W. Va. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value fur beeswax at anytime of the year Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hii.dreth & -Segelken, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted. — Comb honey. We have an unlimited de- mand for it at the right price. Add'ess, giving quanti- ty, what gathered from, and lowest cash price at your depot. State also how packed. Thos. C. Sfanley & Son, Fairfield. 111., or Manzanola, Colo. Wanted — Beeswax. We are payine 2S cents or 30 cents per pound in exchange for stipplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E Erie St . Chicago, and 10 Vine St.. Philadel- phia. Be .'-ure to s-nd bill of lading when you make the shipment, and advise us how much yoii send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The A. I. Root Company, Medina, O. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 109 CKas. Israel (Si BrotHers 486-4QO Canal St., New YorK. Wholesale Dealers and Commissics Merchants in Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. GonsiignmentH Solicited. Established 1876. STRAWBERRY PLANTS and Seed Potatoes. You can make more money if you plant intelligently. Write and tell u.s about vour soil. We'll send vou our FRKE DESCRIPTIVE BOOK, over 100 varieties. FLANSBURCH & PEIRSON, Leslie, Mich. PFAPH TRFFS General assortment, $2 to $3 per lOO. ' ^"^ri I ni^^O viso plum. pear, and ctierrv trees. Circular free. R. S. JOHNSTON. Bo.x t3, Stockley, Del. Squabs are raised in 1 month, bring big prices. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, women. Here is something worth looking into. Send for our Free BooK, " How to Make Money With Squabs." and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO.. rg Friend St , Boston, Mass. i one season, planting- in ro tation catiliflower, cucum- bers, eg-g-plants, in beauti- ful, health-g-iving- Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being- realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-growers. Thousands of acres open to free homestead entry. Handsomely illustrated de- scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchange in Vir- g-inia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Line Railway, Portsmouth, Va. Splendid Location for Bee-keepers. For Sale — 80 colonies of bees in Heddon hives, wired frames. Fixtures at reasonable price. $).0O per colony J. J. Owens. Box 212. Waterloo, Iowa. For S.\le — Meli'otus seed, 82.50 per bushel: 2 oz. pkg., 10c. W. P. Smith, Penn, Lowndes Co.. Miss. MarsHfield Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog- and price list. C/iG MarsKfield Mantifacturing Cotnpany^, Marstiileld, M^is. WE OUTGREW OUR OLD QUARTER The growing demands of a RAPIDLY INCREASING BUSINESS have moved us. We are now located at 51 \A/AI-IMUJ~r We have increased facilities, and a new, well - .«;np plied up to-date stock. Every thing that bee-keepers need and demand. S6c Best Bee Suppli-S in A.inex*ica. Special discount for early orders. Send for catalog. Queen bees and nuclei in season. THE FRED W. IVIUTH CO., 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, 0. 110 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1873.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CALVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. L. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms; $1.00 per annum ; two vears, $1.50 ; three years, $2.00; five years, $:5.00, in advance. The terms apply to the Unite'd .States. Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 ctnts per year for postage. Disconl inufinoefi: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, and will pay for it .soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time paid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISIJSTG RATES. Column width, 2}i inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. CONVENTION NOTICES. Line Rates {Nel). 2.50 lines® 18 500 lines®, 16 IdOOlinesCa 14 2000 lines® 12 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 Page Rates {Net). 1 page $40 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circulation Averag-e for 1903. 18,GG6. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers: J. U. Harris. Grand Junction. Col., President. C. P Dadant, Hamilton. Ill . Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck. L,os Angeles Cat., Secretary. N. E. France, Plalteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb. Friend Nebra.ska. W. Z. HuTCHit.. Philadelphia, Pa. R C. \iKiN, i,oveland, Colorado. P H. Elwood Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toeppekwein, .^an Antonio, Texas. G. M. DoOLiTTLE. Borodino, N. Y. W F. Marks. Chapinville, N. Y. J. M Ha.mh\ugh Escondido, Cal. C. A. H\TCH. Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. The Michigan State Bee keepers' Association will hoi 1 its annual convention, Thuisdav and Friday. Feb. 25 and 26. at the Agricultural Colleg'e. The Michigan State Dairymen's convention will m^et at the same place, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, and the roundup institute of the "farmers' ins ilutes will be held at the same pi tee from Feb 2S to 26. One session of the dairymen's convention will be a joint session with the inst tu e, and one sess on of the bee-keepers' convention will be a joint session with the institute. There will be half fare on all Michigan railroads. Dinner and -upper can be secured at the College; but visitors will have to go to Lansing for breakfast and lodging. There is an electric line that takes passen- gers from the College to Lansing for five cents. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Our Advertisers and Advertising. Experienced operators of incubators oHen deplore the fact that incubators have so Utile room for the ch cks underneath the egg-tray Then again a few machines have considerable room in this space but the chick-tray 's ■^o consiruced that it is t xiremely un- pleasant and difficult to thoroughly clean and disin- fect the ins.de after the hatch is over. Many incuba- tor users unite in deciding that the Gem incubator fulfills the necessary c nditions The removable chick-trav is one of the e.xclu-ive features of tne Gem Incubator, and commends itself to every thinking poultry-raiser. There are other points of superiority about the Gem that would he intt resting lo mention, which are taken up in detail in the handsome new catalogue. This catalogue is free Write to the Gem Incubator Com- pany, Box 53, Dayton, Ohio. My ad. (in the Honey Column) has been very ser- viceable to me. for out of a crop of 64 lbs. of honey I have only 12 remaining un.'old. Emil J. Baxter, Nauvoo. Ills. San Francisco, California Season 1901. Root's Sections, Specialties. Sundries, Danzenbaker Hives, etc . in stock (here exclusively) Jan. 15 for prompt shipment, at prices lower than can be had by dealing direct. Send your orders 'o us. Also Dadant & Son's Foundation, best Dovetailed Hives on the market, 8 and 10 fra"ie, regulation pat- tern and furnit ire. Special prices on quantity orders. SMITHS' CASH STORE (Inc.) 25 Market St., San Francisco, California, U.S.A. No FisK cai\ Escape this hook. Sent an.vwhere for 10 cents. When you order ask for our t^jCATALOGUR. It contains the best and ver.v Jiitest useful novelties of- fered the public. ECLECTIC SUPPLY CO., 90 W. Broadway, New York. A.ttentioi\! Bee«Keepers ! I have secured the photographic outfit and plates of our late friend Mr. J. H Martin, the ■ Rambler." and am prepared to furnish unmounted prints of views taken by him, at 25c each, or S2.75 per doz Enclose 2c stamp for list of views in stock. CLAUDE S HILL, Campo Floridcr, Cuba. HUDSON RIVER. Bee-Keepers* Supply Co. 43 Smitn St.. Newburgh, N. Y. W. B. Vaughan, Prop E. E. Lawrence (Box G 28), Doniphan, Mo. ^ Breeder of Fine Italian •>? QL'EKN BEES. Send for Price List. Local Agents for Root's Goods. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Ill I. J. Strlngham, New York, keeps in stock several car-loads of Apiarian Supplies of the latest pat- terns, an'i would be pleased to mail you his 1^04 catalog^. Bees in season. Apiaries, Glen Cove, L. I. Sales Rooms, 105 Park PI., New York. QUEENS! ATTENTION! QUEENS! D iriiig \Wi we will raise and offer you our best queens. Untested, fl 00 each; $.3.00 for 6; #9.00 for 12. Tested queens, Jl.50 each, best b eeders. }5 00 each. One two. and three fratwe nuclei a specialty. Full coloni s, and bees by the car-load. Prompt attention to your orders, ai d safe arrival guaranteed. Satis- faction will be our constant aim. We breed I'aliau.-.. Ca'niolans, Cvprians, and Holy-Lands, in .separate yards. 5 to 25 miles apart. Our stock can not be excelled in the world, as past records prove. New blood ancl the best to be had. Queens will be reared under the supervisi ii of E. J. Atchlev. a quf en-breeder for :iO vear«. Write for catalo? telline how to rear queens, and keep bees for profit. THE SOUTHl,AND QUEEN, $1.00 per year. XHe Jennie AtcKley Co., Box 18 Beeville, Tex. Tennessee Qtieens. Daughters of Select imported Italians select lotig- tongue .Moore's', and select golden, bred '■^14 nriles apart, and ma'e I to select drones. No impure bers within three and but few within five miles. No dis- eise.31 years' expeiience. All mismated queens re- p'acedfiee. Circular free. .Safe arrival guaranteed. JoHn M. Davis, iSprin^ Hill, Xenn. Untested !| 7.t •Select I ] 00 Tested 1 50 Select tested 2 00 4 00] 7 50 5 00 1 11 00 H no 15 011 10 00 18 00 If tHe BEST Queens are wHat yoxi want. Get those reared b.v Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than KXK) fine queens in stock r ady for early orders. We guarantee satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, wo, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and five b,ii ded Italiins, Oyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queen-*, :t;].50 each; 6 for $J.(X), or ^I'i.OO per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, f'2.5 I each. All others $1.00 each for straight breeders of thi ir sect. Untested queens from either race, 88 cts. each; 6 for ts4.51, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address Xhe Bee and Honey Co i nee Co. Box 79), Bee'ville, Xex. Try Case Strain. They make the whitest comb honey: have proved best for extracted especially in Cuba; are but little inclined to swarm. Queens are carefully bred byexpeits Two firms have bought 900 each for their ovvn yards. Our reputation is .'econd to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning better queens, earlier and more of ihem, for I90J. Circular for the asking. J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. Bees and Queens. ) A full line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies always on hand, including Root's hives, sectiotis, and Weed Process Foundation. Bees and Queens in their Season. 'W. W. CARY (Sl son, I^yonsville, Mass HONEY QUEENS I shall continue breeding tho«e fine queens for the coming season of 190J. Meantime I shall carry over a large number of queens in nuclei with which to fill orders the coming winter and eatly spiing. I am breeding the Holy Lands, the Golden and Leather strains of pure Italians. Your orders will reieive prompt and careful attention. Single queen, $L25; five for $5 Ou. Breeders of either race, J8.00 each. W. H. Laws, Beeville, Texas. Ceo. J. Vande Vord Queen-breeder. DaytonJa, Fla. Folding Cartons. Already printed at $4.00 per M, so long as our present stock lasts. Our Queen Circular is now ready to mail. OUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, Bellevue, Ohio. 112 GLEANINXS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb 1 bers for 10 cents (in stamps or silver). They are fully equal to a year's subscription to most Jk of the monthly bee-papers that are published — and for only 10 cents. If 3'ou are not ac- quainted with the American Bee Journal, this is a fine chance to familiarize yourself with it. DR. MILLER'S 4oy6arsflnionfliiieB66s ^ This book has had an increased sale 8 lately. It contains 328 pages, bound in cloth. ^ Dr. Miller s crop was 18,000 pounds Of Comb Honey last year. In his book he tells just HOW he manag-es his bees. YOU will want to know § Q his successful way. In fact, every bee-keeper V should own and read Dr. Miller's book. Price, ^ postpaid, $1.00. Or, with the Weekly Amer- Jf ican Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. jj ^n^ Address the publishers, ^H^ 8 GEORGE W. YORK & CO., § K 144 a 146 E. Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL. k 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 113 Advanced Bee Culture FREE! Advanced Bee Culture is a book of nearly 100 pages (the size of the Review) that I wrote and pub- lished in 1891 ; and I will tell you how I gathered the information that it contains. For 15 years I was a practical bee-keeper, producing tons of both comb and extracted honey; rearing and selling thousands of queens, reading all of the bee books and journals, at- tending all the conventions and fairs, visiting bee- keepers, etc., etc. Then I began publishing the Re- view, and, for several years, each issue was devoted to the discussion of some special topic, the best bee-ktep- ers of the countrj' giving their views and experience. Advanced Bee Culture is really the summing up of these first few years of special-topic numbers of the Review ; that is, from a most careful examination of the views of the most progressive men, and a thorough consideration of the same in the light of my experi- ence as a bee-keeper, I have described in plain and simple language what I believe to be the most ad- vanced methods of managing an apiary, for profit^ from the beginning of the sea.son through the entire year. A new and revised edition, which includes the im- provements of the past ten years, was gotten out a little more than a year ago; and is as handsome a little book as ever was printed. The paper is heavy, extra machine finished, white book, and there are several color pla'es printed on heavy enameled paper. For in-tance, the one showing a comb badly affected with foul brood is printed in almost the exact color of an old comb. The cover is enameled azure, printed in three colors. The price of the book is 50 cts., and I have always clubbed it with the Review at $1.25 for both ; but, just at present. I am putting forth extra efforts in pushing the subscription list of the Review away up above where it has ever been before, and, as an inducement in this direction, to get the Review into new hands, I will, for the next month, send a copy of Advanced Bee Culture free to any one not now a subscriber, who will send me $1.00 for the Review for 1901. I can also send the Dec, 1903, issue free to those who care for it, but all of the other issues for 1903 have been sent out. \V. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, MicH. Your Feeble Old Wagon has many years' Fervice in it. Re- place iiasliaky wheels with ELECTRIC Metal Wheels. Made to fit any skein. Straight or staggered oval steel spokes, cast ill the hut), hot rivetedin the tire. Broad tir PS save rutting and draft. Any hei«^ht de- sired. Write for free catalos;ue for particulars. ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. BOX 95. QUIWCY, ILLINOIS. Mr. A. I. Root's Writings of Grand Traverse territory and I,eelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful section reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets of Michigaa farm lands and the fruit Ijelt, address J. E. Merritt, Manistee, Michigan. SWEET=POTATO SEED Sound, bright stock; most popu- lar varieties. Send for de- scriptive price list. :-: :-: L. H. Mahan, ""■',,, Terre Haute, Ind. OVER AND OVER AGAIN farmers write tis and say that they have used PAGE Fence for 1.5 years, and it is still in service. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Michigan. Actual Results of the advantages of spraying are shown in above picture. The two piles of ipples came from the same number of trees in the fame or- chard row. The big pile from spraved treeB. Pictures taken from actual photographs. eSIt Spraying Pumps bucket, kiiapiiick, bnrr<'l,hand imd pon-er, are ma 'e by the under.^iigneil, inventors and sale owners of many new valuable spra.ying fixtures and features. Write forfieecatalogue and booklet on insects, plant and fruit diseases. THE DEMING CO., SALEM, O. lEtG X7x3— to— X3a.te. Use neatly printed st.»tionery. Envelopes, letter heads, note head«, bill heads or statements. 550 of either, fl.iO: lOiO, by express, $2.00. Tell your wants and we w. 11 quote ^ou prices. Sample- free. ^^ YOUNG BROfHERS, Printers, Girard,;Pa. 114 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 r (D (0 bi (D (D 0 0 L 0 111 o < o CO oo 03 a -<* ^ c/> < CO c o o (A 5 3*- v: CO -§ .'=« ^ o O ■♦^ c? k. 3 0 4i^ 0) es ^ in g 1 s- 0) ^ 0 u k. ^ 3 D HM n O CQ 'U «^ 3 3 <1) C XI CQ & S r/l lU ■> O ■ a 0 < M-i o O tfl w ^ ^^ ii "5 "a ^ o u U J ■ ca ■ o •IMTERESTi- Vol. XXXII. FEB, I, 1904. No. 3 HuBER, page 72, raises a question that makes me think he might be suited with Arthur C. Miller's cover made of cheap lumber combined with cloth, paint, and paste. I believe it's a good cover. E. D. TowNSRND says in Review that, when a man talks about increasing his yield by stimulative feeding and spreading brood, it shows his location is not properly stocked. "Just add a few more co onies, and the result will be the same." I THOUGHT I had reached the limit of simplicity in my hive-stands. E. F. At- water describes his in Review, and I must confess he has gone beyond me, and, what's more, I think his are better — just a plain rim of 1X4 fencing, large enough for two hives. A. I. Root takes up a page or so talking about automobiles, and is evidently a little disturbed because it may be thought out of place in Gleanings. Don't you worry, Bro. Root. Not one in a thousand of your readers has an auto, but a whole lot of us are looking forward to the time when they will be so improved in performance, and so lowered in price, that we can no longer af- ford to keep horses. Give us all the en- couragement you can. More than once I've seen the North American spoken of as the largest organiz- ed association of bee-keepers in the world. I think more than one beats it. Only yester- day I was reading in an Austrian journal about their association nearing 8000. [Just afterthat editorial had gone to press I recall- ed to mind that there are organizations in Ger- many that probably have a larger member- ship; but somehow we do not hear about their kicking up very much dust. — Ed.] Der Dhutsche Imker ATS Boehmen con- tains the statement that there are in Ger- many 20 manufactories of artificial honey, and a single one of them sells three times as much as the natural honey of all Ger- many ! Is it as bad as that in this Yankee- tricky country ? [It seems to me our esteem- ed cotemporary must beexaggerating. Such statements sound a good deal like the old Wiley lie of years gone by. Certainly it is not as bad in this land of Yankee trickery. — Ed ] Madame Salleroi is the name of a ge- ranium in common use for borders. I never saw any flowers on it, but the foliage is beautiful — green and white. Sometimes there will be a branch whose leaves are all pure white. Years ago I thought it would be a nice thing to have a plant all white. Attempts to root a white slip always ended in failure. To make a sure thing of it, I took an established plant with a strong root, and broke away all branches with any green, leaving the one branch that had only white leaves. It died, root and branch. The leaves couldn't support the root with- out having in them that green thing talked about on page 77 — chlorophyll. [See refer- ence to "avocation" in footnote to the last Straw in this issue. — Ed.] Dzierzon, notwithstanding his burden of 93 years, is keenly alive to what is going on in the apicultural world. In the January Bienen-Vater he seems to chuckle over the black eye given to Gerstung's theory, that food for larvae of different ages is prepared by nurses of corresponding ages, and that, as soon as a nurse- bee becomes a fielder, it has no longer the ability to pre- pare larval food. Word was given to all the Swiss experiment stations by President Kramer to establish colonies containing field-bees only. These old bees nursed brood, secreted wax, built combs, and be- haved as in normal colonies. [Somehow I have great respect for one who, at 93. seems to be in possession of all the mental powers that characterized him in his younger days; for be it remembered that Dzierzon is the Langstroth of Germany. — Ed.J 116 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 " Wherr one knows how to manag-e," Geo. W. Phillips says, one needn't impris- on nuclei to make 'em stay, p. 79. Please tell us so we shall know how to manag'e. There's some good stuff on page 80. [Mr. Phillips has gone to school, and so is not here to answer your question ; but from what I know of his methods I think he meant the giving of hatching brood, and a larger proportion oi young bees to the nu- cleus, to avoid the nuisance of confining a few days. The methods described by Mr. Phillips are those that have been tested over and over again, season after season, in comparison with other methods, so that we believe one will not go very far astray if he follows us implicitly. Rearing thou- sands of queens, as we do, we feel that we can speak with some authority. — Ed.] "It is just as easj* to produce sections averaging 16 ounces as those that average 14X ounces." p. 65. True for you, Mr. Editor, for one is just as impossible as the other. Seasons differ, localities differ, colo- nies differ; and with exactly the same man- agement on the part of the bee-keeper there is no certainty of having them twice alike. [You are too mathematical!}- precise in con- struing the statement. It is well known th «t a IJf beeway section will come very near a pound, but not quite, on the average. The two-inch will reach it, some sections being a little over and some a little under a pound. What I meant to say was. it is just as easy to produce a section of honey weighing approximately a pound as one that always runs short of it. Of course, I understand that the management, season, and bees may change these averages some- what.— Ed.] I WONDER, now, I wonder, if there isn't some mistake, p. 64, where the editor thitks he saw my double covers slightly warped and checked, and A. C Miller says they twist badly. Seems to me I ought to have noticed it. Remember, there are two thin boards or series of boards with grain run- ning in opposite directions. If nailed firm- ly together, how can one warp without making the other warp the wrong way of the grain? [No, I do not think I was mis- taken. If you will remind me the next time I visit you, and let me look over your covers, I think I can show you quite a num- ber of them that are slightly warped and checked. Of course, A. C. Miller had not seen those particular covers that you have ; but he has seen and tested the midified Miller covers, such as we have been selling. We use the very same principle in that the grain of one set of boards runs across the grain of the lower set, the whole being nailed and cleated together so that the warping and twisting tendencies are cor- rected as much as possible. — Ed.] When I asked, p. 73, "Why is it that in Cuba the honey harvest is in winter in- stead of summer ? ' there was no joke about it. I was (and am) io:norant, asking for tight. F. L. Craycraft says, p. 17, "We are now at a date when a half of the crop should be harvested," and his letter is dated Dec. 21. I might think there was some mistake in that date ; but immediately after him comes W. W. Somerford, who says bees are starving "right now during the time of harvest," and his date is Dec. 15. To clinch the matter he speaks of "the commencement of the honey- flow in Octo- ber," and says, "the flow is over with March." If Cuba were in south latitude I could understand it ; but it's 20 degrees north of the equator. The Gulf Stream does some queer things; has it anything to do in the case? [In Cuba there are no frosts. It is a land of perpetual flowers. In summer it is too hot. In fall and winter it is just right for the best secretion of nec- tar. In Arizona the bee-keepe s told me that nectar was not secreted nearly as fast on the hottest days as in more moderate weather. To answer your question direct- ly, the Gulf Stream or some other influence has so tempered the climate that the calen- dar months have nothing to do with the honey- flow. — Ed.] Evidently you do not yet understand me, Mr. Editor, from what you sa.y, p. 65. I do not think there is any thing wrong in producing or selling sections underweight, overweight, or any other weight. I don't think ifs any worse "to buy or sell sec- tions by the piece than to buy or sell eggs by the dozen." I think it is wrong to sell a light-weight section with the understand- ing on the part of the customer that he is getting a full pound. In all this you and I exactly agree. Here's where we differ: You think that consumers always unrier- stand, when buying light-weights, that they are light-weights. I think they sometimes buy them with the understanding that they are full- weights. I don't suppose there's as much of this as there formerly was, for in time consumers must learn what's what. But I think that the case I put, p. 9%, shows that some of it is still left. When a grocer will not pay as much for 12 pounds of full-weight sections as for 11 pounds of light-weights, I'm afraid he expects and intends that at least some of his customers shall be deceived. I shall be glad to agree with you if you can explain the transaction so that it shall appear en- tirely honest. [I do not think we disagree very much, doctor, except that you appear to have the impression that many retailers sell by the piece with the intent to deceive. The full-pound section has been on the mar- ket so many years that the public must be very dull indeed if it thinks it is getting an even pound of honey when it bu3's a section for so much money. The original intention was to make a section that would weigh ap- proximately a pound; but in practice it did not do so. ThelJ^ and IJI ^H beeway sec- tions were supposed at one time to do this; but we know that in actual practice thej- fell short. To remedy the difliculty by making the section full two inches wide only aggravates an evil that already exists 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 117 — that of making- the cells too deep. In practice the bees seem to prefer a comb ^somewhat thinner for storage ; but just how *much thinner I will not attempt to say. The tendency at the present time is to make something weighing 14 ounces or less in or- der to get thinner combs — tomake shallower cells in order to get better and quicker fill- ing. Departing, as we have, from the exact pound weight for so long a time it is perfectly legitimate now to sell by the piece, just as we sell eggs by the dozen. There can be no difference of opinion in regard to the grocer mentioned in your next to the last sentence. If he intends to de- ceive, then there is something " rotten" in his heart. — Ed.] A JOKR on the editor of Review is a lit- tle too good to keep. He heads an editori- al, "Stick to one thing," and refers to 30 3-ears of hard work fitting himself out in bee-keeping-, and a little further along mentions incidentally that 10 of that 30 years he studied and practiced photogra- phy "just as j'ou and I have studied bee- keepiny — reading all of the journals and books on the subject." But it's all rig-ht, W. Z.; if a man sticks to one thing as a vocation, he'll do that one thing- better if he has something else as an avocation. More- over, you made photography serve you to do better work in your cliosen vocation. [The average person, I think, does not dis- criminate between vocation and avocation; but as you use the term, and correctlj', too. avocation is not a business or means of livelihood, but a delightful diversion from one's regular bread-and-butter work. The average person will live longer — certain- ly those who are engaged in professional work — if he can have something to relieve the strain on his mind, totally different from the train of thoughts that occupy his attention during the day of bread-getting. A. I. R. would have been dead long ago if he had not had some hobby to ride; and I fear that I myself would lose interest in bees very soon if I could not break the mo- notony once in a while by thinking about cameras and automobiles. If you could hear father and me talk autos you would think we had found the "fountain of eter- nal youth;" and certainly it is a fountain to both of us. Photography has been one of my diversions; indeed, I believe it was I who urged on Bro. Hutchinson the advisabil- ity of taking up the matter of picture-mak- ing; and the next thing I knew he was at it as if it were his cooling stream of youthful vigor. As in the case of Mr. Hutchinson and mj'self, it has worked nicely along with our regular business — that of putting out illustrated journals. And say, doctor, while talking about avocations, diversions, and fountains of eternal youth, why couldn't j-ou have told us about those roses and the posies, and other things that help to keep you young? In another Straw in this issue you almost go into ecstasies in telling about the geranium. Indeed, if I mistake not, you could hardly restrain yourself from bubbling over a little more than you did ; but you felt that you must confine your- self to beedom, and you do by offering- a splendid illustration of the truth made by the French scientist in our last issue. And speaking about diversions reminds me that Prof. George Frederick Wright, the world-renowned geologist, of Oberlin, was once a minister in a small pastorate, at $600 a year. In his spare moments he found great pleasure and profit in studying the rocks in the neighborhood. He kept up these studies until scientific men came to know about him. He went to Oberlin, and there evolved his talks on the "terminal moraines " of North America from which new facts in the world's history have been brought forth. He has been sent to Alaska with a party of scientific men, and now he is recognized as authority throughout the whole world. Avocation — yes, that is what it was. If it had not been for hobby-rid- ing, A. I. R. would still be a jeweler. Bees became with him an avocation, and after a time it became necessary for him to have another avocation — first, gardening, then greenhouses, bicycles, and automo- biles. Going clear back to Hutchinson and his avocation, you can not imagine how much pleasure he and I have had in talking over picture - making — negatives, developers, lenses, cameras, etc.; and when I see you I am only too sorry that I am not up on roses so that I can discuss this beautiful subject. Perhaps this seems like a long footnote, and out of place in a bee- journal; but stop and think a minute. There are a good many more persons in this world who are taking up bee-keeping as an avocation, or di- version, than there are who take it up as a vocation or a means of a livelihood. Is there any thing in all this wide world that fur- nishes to the busy man — the merchant and the farmer, the lawyer and the doctor — anj' more restfut thought than the study of bees? I am sincerely glad that I can help to create a new world of pleasure for tired brains. — Ed.] ^JVeieJhbor^Jieldj 5? REVUE INTERNATIONALE. In retiring from the editorial chair which he has filled so ably for the past quarter of a century, Mr. Bertrand makes a short re- view of his CHreer as editor of one of the best bee- journals in the world. As might be expected, his words are of special inter- est to his readers at home; j'et I do not feel 118 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 that I am encroaching- on valuable space in giving- here a translation of nearly all he says as he lays down the scissors and the pen, especially as his work was, all this time, so ably seconded by the late Charles Dadant, of Hamilton, 111. At the moment of taking leave of m5' readers, it is incumbenl on me to express to thern the regr t which I feel on leaving them, and to thank lh<-m for their support — particularly the subscribers who have ac- corded me their assistance from the very beginning, and who have remained faithful to the end ; and also those who have contributed by their communications to augment any interest which the journal may have have bten able to offer. I wish likewise to ^tate here how much T am indebt- ed to those of mv colleagties who have aided me with their pen: namely. Mr. J. Jeker, the foi mer director of the Swiss Beejournal. who has enable! me to profit by his experience, and who was good enough to edit, the first year, the monthly calendar for beginners. Without his concourse and encouragement I should not have dared to launch my modest Bulletin. Some of my original co workers are, al^s ! no more in this world. My teacher, Charles Dadant. wrote for my journa] up to the time of his death — that is to say, for twenty-three years. Mr. George de Lavtns sent me his articles for thirteen years, and Mr. Matter- Perrin did so up to a verv advanced age. More recentlv it was my dear friend Ulr. Gubler, the worthy president of the Societe Romande: then the eminent writer Mr. CrepieuT-Jamin a great lover of the bees, and Mr. Camille P Dadant, the son and asso- ciate of my venerated teacher, whom I called on. and to whom I extend my thanks for the service thev ren- dered me in continuing my journal up to the present time. If I take a retrospective glance over the field of ac- tivity covered by the Revue during the pa=t twenty- five years. I find that, at its beginning, things were different from what they are to-riav. The rearing of bees in hives having movable frames ws practiced by but few persons, either in Switzerland. France, or Belgium. In France the hee-jonrnal that was most widely read was still resisting the introduction of the new methods. To-day their superiority is no longer contested except by a few hold-backs. These new methods are indor ed in France by a score of bee- journals and by a dozen in Belgium. My Revue was devoted to a de.scription and recom- mendation of the modes of culture that were more practical and less complicated, without falling into an exaggerated simplicity. It has made a deep study of foul brood : and the ob- servations and researches which it has published on the subject have contriViuted in a great measure in rendering mo'e efifective the struggle against this pest of the hives. Bv its numerous translations of works and articles jn foreign languages, it has taught i^s readers concern- ing apicultural things in other countrie.s, such as Eng- lan'^, Germany, Italy, the United States, where the culture of bees is greatlv develr>ped Likewise it has published two works from Thos. W Cowan, the Eng- lish apicultural expert, "The British Beekeeper's Guidebook." and " The Anatomv of the Bee," besides a compl*'te treatise on foul brood by Mr. F. C. Harri- son, professor of bacteriology in Canada. I have had the goo! fortune to publish a large num- ber of unedited letters by Francis Huber, the eminent author of " New Observations " Finally the Revue has made itself the organ of the Societe Romande d'Apiculture, whose proceedings it has published. When in 18S7 T adopted for mv journal the name it now bears Tniernationnl Review, which name was suggested to me by Mr. Gaston Bonn-er several of my colleagues in Switzerland made a little sport at that name which th>y considered somewhat i- fli'ed It has. nevertheless, been justified bv communications which have come to me from all qua't-rs of the globe, and by the number of countries where we have sub- scribers. It remains for me to perform one more agreeable task — that of thanking warmly mv brethren of the press as well as manv of mv subscribers who have expressed to me their ret ret on the o^cas-on of mv re- tirement. I am greatly totiched bv the f 'vorable j'idgment which they fx'end to mv journal and to its director — a judgment which permit-^ me to hope 'hat mv work will havp contributed in some measure to the progress of apiculture. PREVENTION OF SWARMING AT AN OUT- APIARY. " Oh my! isn't the snow deep? Did you ever know so much in any winter before, Mr. Doolittle?" " I think I did when I was a boy, Mr. Brown. But that was years ago, before you were born. But I never saw so much in the apiary here before. Even the roof to the bee-reposilory, doors and entrance, are all under snow. Just look! " " Yes, I see. I find it snowed a foot last night: and this, on top of the two to two and a half feet we had before, makes a strug- gle for any one to go anywhere outside of the beaten paths and roads." "Yes. and the roads have snow in them anywhere from two to ten feet deep, just in accord as the wind has piled it up. I thought yesterday morning, Jan. 13, it was going to thaw; but instead we have had this big fall of snow, and now the wind is coming west again for another cold spell. How did you enjoy the cold of the first of the month? " " Enjoy it? Why, we could hardly keep from freezing. In fact, those three morn- ings of Jantiary 3, 4, and 5. when the mercury stood at 20, 21, and 20 degrees be- low zero, 'beat the record' here in Onon- daga County. Then Monday, the 4th, it never got above 6 below zero, with the sun shining bright in the middle of the day. Why, on Monday night water froze on our stove, and that, too, with fire in the stove; and neighbor C. said some potatoes were frozen which were left in their oven, with fire in the stove at the same time." " Tut, tut, that is entirely too fishy! " " I did not say how much fire there was. I know that Ihere were two coals as large as the end of my little finger buried down deep in the ashes in our stove, and I have told nothing but what can be proven by our oldest boy. But this is the first day of the beekeepers' institute at Syracuse. Did you intend to go? " " Yes; but on looking out this morning I saw it was going to be impossible to get six miles to the trolley, and now it is blowing a gale, which will stop all travel for the next 24 hour.s. But if you came over to talk bees we can have a bee convention all by ourselves, and perhaps get some profit in that way, though not as much as we would could we meet with the others at the con- vention. What shall we talk about? " " The question I wanted to ask j'ou is this. If you were going to run an out-api- ary for comb honey, how would you man- age to prevent swarming? " 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 119 " Well, that is quite a lartje question, and one I may not be able to answer fully. But as I have an out-apiarj' I can tell you how I manafje that, if it would be to your likintr to have me do so." "That is just what I should be most pleased with. " " If I wish a small increase I proceed as follows: Placing- a hive all rig-g-ed with frames filled with foundation or empty combs (or with only starters in them if it is preferred) on the stand of one of the popu- lous colonies which I think may be prepar- ing to swarm, I next set the sections from the old hive on the new, when I proceed to shake all the bees oflF their combs and out of the hive, letting- them run into the new hive I have set on their former stand. I now pla^e the combs of brood back in the hive ag-ain and carry the whole to the stand of another populous colony, setting- this last colony on a new stand from 20 to 100 feet away, or distant from where it stood when I came to it. The sections are now taken from the moved colony and put on the hive of brood, into which the bees returning from the tield are now pouring-. When they find that this is not their old home they are somewhat homesick: and if their old home is nearer than 15 or 20 feet, many of the bees will find it, and, setting up the joyous hum of 'home is found!' will call the most of the bees away from the brood, which is not a desirable thing; hence I place the removed hive from 20 to 25 feet or more away if it is possible to do so." " What about a queen for this made colo- ny? " " I generally carry along with me some nearly mature queen-cells, and give this made colony one of these in a queen-cell pro- lector. This protector keeps the bees from destroying the cell till they realize their queenlessness, which happens a little be- fore the queen emerges, so that, when the queen comes out, she is kindly received, and in due time becomes the head of the colony. In this way one new colony is made from two old ones; all desite for swarming is broken up, unless the season of surplus honey is long drawn out, while all three are in the best possible condition to store surplus after a week or so has elapsed." " Then you would make such colonies about a week before the honey harvest ar- rives, would j'ou not? " '■ Yes; I calculate to do this from five to ten days before white clover is yielding honey bountifully, with all good strong col- onies, leaving the weaker ones till about that much before the basswood opens." " But, suppose you did not wish any in- crease." "If I wish no increase I have a little different way of working, which is, to pro- ceed as with the first colony till all the bees are c ff their combs and in the new hive, with the sections they were occupying on the new hive, as before stated. Then the hive of beeless combs of brood are set top of another colony (with a queen-exclu- der between the hives), not quite so strong as was the one just shaken from their combs. This gives this colony so much ex- tra room that they will not think of swarm- ing for a week to ten days, notwithstanding the vast numbers of young bees emerging- from both hives of brood." "That looks reasonable. But goon." "At the end of a week or ten days, as most convenient f jr me, I go again to the apiary and make these twostory hives swarm, or shake them as I did the one- story hive at first. This gives rousing- " shook " colonies; and as this shake comes just at the commencement of the hon- ey harvest, great results are often accom- plished." "I see. But what about the hives of broodless combs now, as you have two in- stead of one? " "As the weather has now become gener- ally warm, fewer bees are required to take care of double the amount of brood than was the case at the first shake, so these two hives of brood are placed on a still weaker colony, and a queen-excluder is placed top of the weak colony so that the queen will not have access to these combs, and thus the brood is fast emerging from them. In about two weeks these three- story colonies are shaken; and as this comes right in the very height of the honey- flow, and each three story colony gives a great host of bees, they will do a work that will surprise any one not acquainted with what bees will do under such circum- stances " " Well, well! I am glad I came over, for it is easy to see how such a course would result in good yields of honey with no swarming. But what about the three hives of brood this time? " "These are placed over one of the very weakest colonies I had in the spring, or, if none such are left, then a nucleus or two have been formed a week or more previous to take care of such combs of brood. And I often put the hives which come from two shakes on one of these weak colonies, put- ting the two hives the queen had access to on top first (using a queen-excluder on top of the weak colony so the queen has access to none of the combs put on), while the four hives having only advanced brood are put on last. In this way this weak colony can care for the whole seven stories." " Whew! What a hive that would make! How do you keep it from being blown over?" " Some props are put against it if in a windy place. Otherwise a ten or fifteen pound stone laid on top is all that is nec- essary." " What is the further management of these seven hives all in one? " " They are generally left as they are till it is safe to store away the combs for win- ter without fear of the combs being harmed by the larva; of the wax-moth, for the pres- ervation of the combs is the most we care for after the last shake. However, if the 120 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 flow from fall flowers is good I often have much honey in these combs for extracting, or for feeding purposes for any colony short of stores either in the fall or the next spring." "Well, I thank you for this 'bee con- vention,' and I think I have learned some- thing that will be of much value to me next year, as my great trouble with my out-api- ary, which is worked for comb honey, has been swarming. With the one worked for extracted honey I have no trouble, for the comb room given them seems to be sufficient 1o keep them from swarming, except in cases of supersedure of queens; and where all young queers are at the head of all colonies, I have no trouble from that score." Further advices from Cuba and Califor- nia go to indicate that the season -will be almost an entire failure in both places. The probabilities are there will be very little Cuban or California honey, of th s season's production, on the market. This will have a tendency to stiffen prices for next season. W. F. Marks, of Clifton Springs, has been re-elected president of the New York State Association of Bee-keepers' Societies for the seventh time, b}' a unanimous vote. He has been chairman of the board of di- rectors of the National Bee- keepers' Associa- ation for two years, and during his term of office he has been an active and efficient worker. A CORRKCTION. In our last issue, page FO, the accom- panying illustration should have been for THE DZIERZON THEORY AND ITS AUTHOR. After my editorial in regard to Samuel Wagner was written I noticed Dr. Miller's Straw about Dzierzon, recalling to mind that the man is still living who wrote that book about forty j'cars ago; and if it does not stand entire, ckar up to the present day, it ccmes pretty near it. How I should like to take the old gentleman by the hand, and talk with him! That Dzierzon theory, coming out at the time it did, was to the bee-keeping world, on a small scale, what Columbus' discovery of America was to all mankind. Can not the whole bee-keeping world unite in a vote of thanks to this vet- eran before he is taken away? — A. I. R. THE BOARDMAN HONEY CANDYING AT LAST. In the Sept. 15th issue of Gleanings, and again Oct. 15th, last year, I referred to some honev that Mr. H. R. Boardman had sent us in a jelly-tumbler, which had kept liquid for us for two whole years. During one winter it had been set outdoors on the sill of a window in my office, where it was subjected to all kinds of zero weath- er. I was surprised to see that, during the following summer, it was as clear as when we first received it. But we have been hav- ing exceptionally cold weather this winter so far; and this afternoon, Jan. j8, I acci- dentally cast a glance at that sample of Boardman honey, when, lol it was candied solid. When Mr. Boardman wrote about it. Oct. 15, he said: "I am very confident — yes, sure — that I can do what I claim— put up honey that will remain liquid indefinite- ly— not almost but quite, and in anj' tem- perature." But, in the language of anoth- er, "the best-laid plans of mice and men gang aft agley." The Boardman honey stood it for two years; the continuous cold weather, however, often down to zero, was too much. The honey candied in spite of itself. It is so solid it can be put up in a bag, and be sent safely by mail. But somebody— I think it was our friend Farmer, of Boston — said that a small per cent of glycerine would keep honey liquid indefinitel}'. Who has tried it? And that reminds me that I will put the thing to a test to-day. I will take a certain sample and divide it. Into one part I will put a small part of gUcerine, and leave the oth- er one as it is, and set them out on the afore- said window-sill. More anon. Fig. 10 in place of the one that did appear. In some way the cuts got transposed after the proofs were made up. IMPORTANCK OK PUTTING THE HONEY ON THE MARKET EARLY. When I was east, visiting our agent, Mr. Wm. A. Sel.«er, in New York cit_y, he gave me a letter he received from a subscriber in Wisconsin, whom we will call X. Y. Z. About December 1. Mr. Selser received a letter from Mr. Z , asking him what he could get for about ten thousand pounds of comb honey, which was very nice. Mr. Selser said that he has tried continually^ to have the producers of comb honey realize the fact that the largest call forcombhoney 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 121 is from September 1st to December 1st. There is more honey sold in these three months thafi atl the other nine months of the year put toi^ether: in fact, he says the call is during- these three months almost exclu- sively. He has been trying- for years to have the producers of comb honey (which is produced generalljun June and early July) get their honey crated up and sent to the market bj' the last of August ; but he sa3's they hold it back trying to force the market by not revealing how much of a crop they have, and then, in the beginning of winter, when it is so hard to ship comb honey, write in that they ha%'e a lot they would like to have disposed of. Mr. Selser has made a specialty of this for ten years, and could tell almost to the week when grocers would want comb honey. WAKK UP. So he wrote our subscriber, in reply to his letter asking if he had been, like Rip Van Winkle, asleep for a long time, and where he had been with his honey for the last three months, telling him that, had he known of his lot of honey sixty days earlier, he could have got a customer at once, and he would have had his c ish for it long ago ; but as it was, he could find no customers at this time of the year. He received the fol- lowing reply: Yours to hand. You say you are very sorry that I have just wakened up to the fact that I had some hon- ey to Sell or offer J^ow, from the tone of jour letter you prohably think I am s ime 'old plug of a hayseed ' who didn't know any other way to sell honey than through the middleman ; but in that you are some- what mistaken. You say if I had written you sixty days sooner I would have had my honey sold without any trouble, just as if vou were the only man in Amer ica who could dispose of my honey, and that now I would probably have to eat my own crop to get rid of it. I soon expect to make a trip to sell myexiraced honey in glas-^ cans and tumblers in three diffeient Stntts. so do not worry. I will probably get rid of that honey without eating it up. X. Y. Z. We believe Mr. Selser is right, for it is in line with our experience. We have tried to emphasize this matter, and impress on the producers of honey that they should get their honey in shape to ship as early in the summer as possible. We have found but one year in the last ten where honey has brought as much after the first of the year as before, and the biggest prices are gener- ally realized in the early fall. The trouble is, our bee-men are very busy with their other farmwork; they put off getting their honey in shape until all outside work is done. Could they " wake up," as Mr. Sel- ser says, to the fact that it is highly essen- tial to their pocketbook to get their honey in shape for market at once, or as soon as it is gathered, they would realize better prices. best for producing extracted honey. No hive, he thinks, is suited to the economical production of extracted honey that contains closed end frames ; that we can not aii'ord to use the same spacing for the supers, owing totheridiculously thincomb leftafter uncap- ping ; that *'the proof of the folly of using closed-end frames for extracting-supers is found in the fact that no extensive producer of extracted honey is using them." This may possibly be true when applied to the strictly closed-end frame; but the half-closed end, or Hoffman, is used by ver} many extensive bee-keepers for extract- ing. Some of them use these frames spaced close together (l^s), and others put them from 1'2 to \)i inches from center to center. I call to mind one of the mostext'=>nsive bee- keepers in the United States, who uses Hoffman frames for extracting, and will use nothing else — Mr. William Rohrig, of Tempe, Ariz. Last year his crop of honey reached the enormous aggregate of 72,000 lbs. 1 once heard Mr. Rohrig debate this very question — that the Hoffman frame could be spaced as wide as the loose frame, because he could use it at any time in the brood-nest after extracting. There is no greater mistake th^n to suppose that such frames can not be spaced wide. In Cuba (and honey is extracted there very exten- sively— in fact, that is the main product) ten Hoffman frames are used to any other, among modern bee-keepers. It would be interesting to know, if it is re illy a fact, that there are no extensive producers of extracted honey in the United States using closed end frames. Capt. Hetherington, for many years the most ex- tensive beekeeper in the world, used such frames very largely; and he produced, if I mistake not, both comb and extracted honey. HOFFMAN AND CLOSED END FRAMES FOR EXTRACTING. Mr. E. F. Atwatrr, of Boise, Idaho, writes a very interesting and readable ar- ticle in the January issue of the Bee-/:eep- ers^ Review. Among other things he gives it as his opinion that hanging frames are BLACK AND FOUL BROOD IN NEW YORK; A REPORT FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUKK of the EMPIRE STATE; SOME SURPRISING DEVELOP- MENTS. On page 586, July 1, last year, appear- ed a statement, by N. A. Moore and Mr. G. F. White, bacteriologists of the Depart- ment of Agriculture of New York, showing that probably the black brood, or New York bee-disease, was nothing more nor less than the old foul brood, recognized by Cheshire and Cheyne as Bacillus atvei. They had examined numerous specimens of brood sent in by the inspectors purporting to be black brood, that contained the familiar microbe of Bacillus alvei. As the report offered by the two bacteriologists above named differ- ed so diametrically from the report of Dr. W. R Howard, of Fort Worth, Texas, it seemed there might be a mistake somewhere. I stated at the time that the black brood I had examined in New York, and speci- mens that had been sent from that State to me, differed in a number of important re- spects from the foul brood I had seen in Ohio, Wisconsin, and Michigan — certainly 122 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 different from the foul brood which we had years ago here in Medina. It appears that Mr. Moore and Mr. White have gone over their work again this year, examining many more specimens sent in by inspectors, with the view of confirming the conclusions reached in their inquiries of the year preceding; namely, that the prevail- ing disease of the State which was so de- structive was the foul brood of Cheshire and Cheyne. They also conducted various ex- periments to determine the value of the new treatment with formalin for foul brood, and at the same time investigated other diseases, such as pickled brood and bee paralysis. In the report for this year, which, through the courtesy of the Department, has been submitted to us in manuscript before its publication in book form, the conclusions of last year have been confirmed. A large number of samples of black brood have been examined, and in every case Bacillus alvei has been found. Specimens were received from Columbia, Albany, Schoharie, Mont- gomery, and Greene Counties. The bacte- riological findings in every case were Ba- cillus alvei but no Bacillus milii of Dr. Howard; the conclusion is that the so call- ed black brood that has made such fearful havoc in New York is nothing more nor less than the old foul brood of Cheshire and Cheyne. TWO DISTINCT BROOD DISE\55ES IN NEW YORK. They do find, hovpever, the specimens of brood which the inspectors have diagnosed as Joul brood differ from the specimens designated as black brood; that the foul brood which the N w York inspectors had diagnosed as such was the same as the foul brood of Wisconsin, Canada, and Ohio. If this is true, then we never had foul brood here, but had a milder form of disease, but almost as destructive and contagious. One fact is clearly brought out; namely, that there are two very distinct diseases in New York, both of which are destructive, one more so than the other. From the very first I have been satisfied that the disease we have called black brood was quite differ- ent from what we have had here at Medina. Mr. Moore and Mr. White both appear to discredit the work of Dr. Howard; for, be- sides 7wt finding Bacillus milii, they were not able to discover the bacillus of pickled brood, designated by Dr. Howard as As- pergillus pollinus. THE FORMALIN TREATMENT. The new drug treatment with formalde- hyde was tested in various ways, but found to be not entirely effective. Their conclu- sion seems to be that, if the fumes of it are applied long enough inside of an inclosure that is hermetically sealed, it will kill all the living germs. Two or three hours of fumigation is not deemed by them sufficient, nor even 24 hours, in a hive no tighter than an ordinary bee-hive. Combs should be in- closed in an air tight apartment, and then subjected to the action of fumes for a period of two days. The affected matter when so treated was then examined and found to be free from any live germs. The formaldehyde gas, it is shown, is a good disinfectant for certain diseases; but it penetrates very slowly, and 24 hours of application of the gas on combs in the man- ner usually employed is not sufficient to kill all the spores in the decayed larvse. THE ORIGIN OF THE BLACK OR FOUL BROOD IN NEW YORK. It appears that the disease, whatever it is, came from the South. "From the history of the disease in New York State," so state the authors, "we find that it was probably introduced into the State about eight or nine years ago by the importation of some dis- eased colonies from Tennessee. These colo- nies were shipped to Sloanville, N. Y. , and from this center the disease seems to have spread." This report, as a whole, is interesting and valuable. The ordinary layman for the time being, until more evidence has been furnished by scientific men generally, will be somewhat at sea as to whether foul brood exists or has existed in some portions of the country, or whether there is any such thing as real black brood. Perhaps Dr. Howard may be able to offer some solution of this matter. SAMUEL WAGNER, THE ORIGINATOR AND FIRST EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN BEE journal; WHAT I KNOW ABOUT HIM. In the introduction to the A B C of Bee Culture I have told about getting acquaint- ed with Mr. Wagner through L. L. Lang- stroth. About as soon as I had looked over the literature of that day, and found what had been done with the honey-bee, I learn- ed from my good friend Langstroth that an American bee-journal had been started, and that Samuel Wagner kept it going one year, and then, through lack of encourage- ment, together with the breaking out of the American rebellion, it was discontinued. I at once wrote to Mr. Wagner, and a very pleasant correspondence ensued. A copy of the first volume, started in January, 1861, and kept up till December, was se- cured from him, and was read over and over again. More especially was that part of it read and re-read pertaining to the Dzierzon theory. I urged Mr. Wagner to re-commence the journal, which he did in July, 1866, and I with others very soon be- came a regular contributor to its pages. I am pleased to notice that one of the adver- tising sheets has been preserved in our bound volume; and among the advertisers I see H. A. King & Co., Nevada, O. ; C. P. Bigelow, Perkinsville. Vt. ; Adam Grimm, Jefferson, Wis.; A. Gray, Royal, Butler Co , O., and W. A. Flanders, of Shelby, O. Very soon I began to talk about comb foundation made of wax; and my good friend Samuel Wagner was enabled to send me a piece of foundation, or "artificial comb," as we called it then, made of black 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 123 rubber. I think the impression was made b}' setting up types made of ordinary type metal. Information came in somewhere about 18h7of a comb-cmptj'intf m;ichine, and tr um directions I ^ot from frieud Wnf?ner I soon had a machine made, all of metal instead of wood as the Germans made them. Langstroth br efly described the German machine in a ciicular put out in 18Ci7. While I was at work on comb foundation and the hone.v-extractor, both Langstroth and Wafi^ner encouraged me and gave me all the informatinn they could obtain in re- gard to the matter. Many of Wagner's let- ters during those 5'ears seemed to me of more value than the articles with which he used to fill the pages of the American Bee Journal. It seems to n-e unfortunate n iw that I did not save them. Wagner {unlike your humble servant) kept himself and his personal afifairs verj' much out of sight in his editorial work.* The pages of the old American Bee Journal, away back, were principally occupied by contributors. He verj' seldom added a footnote, nor interfered unless we got to bearing on each other a little too hard. On one occasion he admin- istered quite a sharp reproof to "Novice;" but it was a little paragraph at the end of mv communication that might have meant mj'self or any or all of the rest of the cor- respondents. When it cime to exposing swindles Mr. Wagner came out pretty se- verely and plainly. But there were only a few occasions on which he did this. The American Bee Journal for March, 1872, announced the sudden death of our beloved editor. The article was written by father Langstroth, who was at the time paying a visit to his old friend Mr. Wag- ner. These two, Langstroth and Warner, were a pair of God's noblemen. As I look over the pages and recall the past, I fall to wondering whether we have any, just such as they were. left. May be not exact- ly like them, but God forbid it should ever be said truthfully that the good men — the real nobleniev — are all dead and passed away. — A. I. R. MRS. O. L. HKRSHISER. Those of us who had the pleasure of stopping with Mr. and Mrs. Hershiser, at their residence, 301 Huntington Ave., Buf- falo, during the Exposition, will not soon forget the hospitality extended to us by the lady of the house. When she was first married she knew nothing of bees, but took up the work with a keenness and interest seldom equaled by any good wife of the home. At the time of the Exposition she * Our good f; iend Wagner was such an exceedingly modest man thai he never had his picture taken al- thoueh his friends often urged him \o do so. When the hee-kteper>' medley was published I was .so anx- ious to have Mr. Wagner among the crowd that my good friend Lang^^troth said he could get me a picture of a man who looked so much like Wagner thai his best friends often got them mixed up; and this pic- ture, with the above explanation, now appears in the medley. knew all the bee-keepers far and wide, and could talk bees and honey with the best of them. Whenever her husband (who was superintendent cf the apiarian exhibits at the Pan Amtrican) was absent, she as- sumed chartje; and those of us who attend- ed that exposition will probably recall that she was quite the equal of her other half in demonstrating the practical workings of the hive. It may be interesting to note that a prize of $25 was oflered by Mr. Danzenbaker for the best twenty sections of comb honey stored in his hives, and $15 for the next best. Mrs. H. secured the first prize, and Mr. H. the second. More than half the col- onies at work on the exposition grounds were from her apiary, for it appears there was an individual ownership and a pleas- ant rivalry between them as to who should MKS. O. L. HERSHISRR. THK L.AUV WHO SKCURED THB $.'5.00 PKIZK FOR THE BEST COMB HONEY SHOWN AT THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. produce the finer and better honey. At that exposition she won out, taking first honors. Her husband writes me that she has on oc- casion opened a hive, and removed the comb honey without gloves, veil, or smoke — something that professionals usually do not care to undertake. This seems like a late day to tell this story; but the fact that at least some of the points related did not reach me till a few days ago will account for this, and there- fore I am glad to introduce Mrs. Hershiser to her old friends and acquaintances, and to the many new friends who have not had the pleasure of her queenly hospitality. 124 (il.l-:.\NI\(.S IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 Our Symposium on Candied Houey. HOW TO KFEP IT LIQUID, AND HOW TO HAS- TEN THE PROCESS OF SOLIDIFYI^Q. The Marketing of Candied Honey; East- rn Can- died Honey Successfully Bagged; Some Valuable Data. BY CHAS. STEIGHR. Page 1044, last issue, contains a request b3' the editor for information on the subject of hastening the granulation of extracted honey preparatory to putting it in paper sacks to be sold in the candied form. Hav- ing read Mr. Aikin's excellent article on paper honey-packages, March 1, I decided that the innovation was at least worth a trial here ; and now, having brought the same to a successful conclusion, I can best offer my information gained on the subject to readers of Gleanings with the statement of my experience. Having ordered 100 of the 3,'4-lb. paper sacks from Medina I filled five ordinary lard-cans with white clover honey just as it was taken off the hives and extracted, and set it away by itself in a room where it would keep coolest. Later, at the close of August, when the nights were becoming cool, I commenced stirring three cans of this honey, leaving the other two cans un- disturbed. Every two or three days, when I would happen in the room with the honey, I would stir this honey for about a minute with a small stick placed in each can for this purpose. Oct. 10 I sold one can of this stirred honey to a customer who was so well pleased with its white, glossy, taffy- like appearance, that he much preferred it to any other. The remaining two cans of this stirred honey I put in the paper sacks, using a large spoon. Unusually warm weather for the season prevailed at this time, but by the last of the month this honey was candied solid, while the two cans of unstirred hon- ey, and all the other of my clover honey, except some in barrels, was only slightly granulated. I account for the advanced granulation of the honey in barrels with the rolling and consequent stirring it received in the process of occasionally driving the hoops to keep the barrels tight, they being not quite full. To begin stirring while the honey is yet clear, not onlj' assists granulation but cau.«es it to granulate much finer and more evenly, and adds greatly to its solidity in the candied form. The results of a trial, I think, will convince anyone of the reliabili- ty of this statement. The sacks are easily filled. Any one with ordinary care can do it neatly. I fill them on scales to insure correct weight. For the 3'2-lb. sack I u-^e boxes with inside dimensions 13'4X19'2X7 inches; 20 sacks placed therein give them about the correct shape when the honey hardens. For each box, prepare a rim of sufficient depth to extend the ends and sides of the box up level with the tops of the unfolded sacks; lay a paper on top to exclude the dust, and the bottom of the second box will make a cover for the one beneath. When the honey hardens, remove the rims, and, taking out one sack at a time, fold each one the same way. and return to its original position in the box, when it is in good con- dition for final disposal. In regard to the utility of paper sacks as a honey package. I am prepared to speak in their favor. My trial of them has con- vinced me of their entire practicability. In this locality the different honeys —clover, basswood, heartsease, and Spanish needle, or a mixture of any or all of them, will candy sufficiently solid to serve all the pur- poses of handling in sacks, at least during the winter months. There is a growing de- mand for candied honey. I believe three- fourths of my customers prefer it. Why not assist them in indulging this taste by offer- ing their choice in a package which does not materially advance the cost? In retail- ing, this is important — five and ten cents added by the cost of a jar or pail too often makes the difference between a sale and no sale at all. For testimony on this point consult your grccer. I consider the 3'2 lb. sack the size most convenient for general use. With the sack peeled from around it, this amount can be served entire on a plate, with the advan- tage of appearance and attractiveness not attained by the same laboriously dug from out a glass jar or pail. The size of pack- age which will permit of the contents being served in one symmetrical whole, is, in my opinion, better adapted for the consumer's table than the larger sizes which, having part of their contents removed, will, I fear, too often be exposed to such unfavorable conditions as will permit of the sack being an unfit receptacle for its contents. With the sack partly peeled away it may be ex- posed to dust, and other unsanitary condi- tions ; or, if allowed to become warm, the honey will adhere to the sack, making it a mussy job. Here is one plain defect of the paper hon- ey-package, but which can be easily' reme- died by using thesmaller sizes as suggested, or inst' ucting the consumer in the proper use and care thereof. In introducing the paper package in my locality I have been quite successful. I meet my customer, and he is at first amused at the idea of honey in paper sacks, and in- clined to be a bit funny. This is just the way I want him. A few words explaining the merit ""f honey offered in this form sel dom fails to excite his desire for possession 1904 GLEANINGS IN Bi:i-: CULlURt 125 of some, to the extent of affectinjif his purse. The encourapfement otYered by its ready sale, and the praise it received, has led nie to decide to ofier all mj' candied honey in this form the coming- season ; and that tells, without saying-, my success with paper hone3' packages. Spring-, 111. HOW TO MAKE HONEY CANDY QUICKLY. BY S. T. PEITIT. Mr. Root: — If I am not mistaken, a large majorit}' of bee-keepers will rejoice that you are taking- an intellig^ent interest in the candying- of honey, indicating- in a marked deg-ree your watchfulness over the best in- terests of our chosen and sweet profession. Having- been, since I started in the bee business, an advocate of selling- honey in the candied form, I have studied not only how to make it candj' quickly, but to do that other thing- of much more importance — viz., to have it candy with a very line smooth grain. Such honey is always more pleasing in the mouth — better to eat — and hence better to sell than the coarse-grained article; and, more, the latter is more in- clined to leak or drain than the former. First of all, I will say that, in order to have the best quality of candied honey, it is absolutely necessary that it be left with the bees until all or nearly all is capped ; and in the second place, the extracting must be done in dry weather or on a drying day. A pinch of salt on a board in the honej'- house, in the absence of an hygrome- ter, will measure the moisture of the atmos- phere with sufficient accuracy for the pur- pose. At any time, if the salt is wet, just wait until it becomes dry. Honey takes in water as readily as salt, and more so. The honey in the supers contains more water in damp weather than in dry; hence the necessity of handling honey in drying weather. Extracted honey should be covered to ex- clude the air as much as possible. But, more to the question, agitation, jarring, or rocking the honey slowly, hastens the can- dying process. A very effective method is, at the last of the season's extracting, to put the extracting-combs away in a dry place, uncleaned, until the honey is coming in pretty freely the next season. The fact is simply this. If this old granulated honey be left in the combs to mingle with the new it will unmistakably hurryup granulation. But if the supers be put on too early the bees may clean it all out. Another way is to mix seme old candied honey with the new, and stir it once or twice or cftener each day. But right here I wish to enter a protest and caution against the two last methods, inasmuch as honey so treated is pretty sure to be coarse and rough in the grain, and, besides that, frequent stirring, or stirring at all, allows more or less of the aroma and flavor to escape. Anotherthing, stirring incorporates air with the honey; and if it be kept any considerable length of time, the incorporated air will impair the quality. Of all methods known to me, the following is my choice: Any movement in honey, however small, encourages, assists, and hastens candying ; and the smaller the movements and the slower the motion, the better will be the re- sults. The honey will be finer in the grain and smoother in the mouth, and, if it has been well ripened by the bees, and proper- ly handled, it will not leak or drain in the least. When the time comes for bagging the honey, or putting it into small containers, on a warm day, the honey should be thor- oughly stirred from top to bottom. The specific gravity of dextrose is greater than that of levulose. and hence the former grad- ually finds its way more or less toward the bottom of ihe tank. The stirring should be done on a warm day for two reasons. First, when the honey is warm the mixing can be more thoroughly done; and, second, what ever air through the stirring may be mixed with the honey can rise to the surface and be skimmed off. Now we are ready to bag, bottle, or tin our honey. It should be done when some- what warm, as the honey moves quickly in that condition, and takes in and holds less air than when cold and stiflF. Now that we have our honey or a portion of it in the small containers ready for the market except the candying, make it as nearly air tight as possible. Place it in some thin-walled building — a building that will cool off quickly, and take on about the same temperature as outdoor air. On very warm days the place must be aired to keep the temperature from rising too high, as he^t retards granulation. Well, Brother Root, I have indicated our part, and Nature will do the rest as follows : The daily, alternate contraction and ex- pansion of the honey, caused by the cool nights and the warmth of each succeeding daj' as it passes, will furnish a 1 the neces- sary movements in the honeyfor best results in the finished article. The daily varia- tions of temperature are strong factors in candying honey. They move the honey in itself. This is an important matter, and I wish to say that, if we get in too much haste, and put upon the markets candied honey that is not of good qualit}', or so handled that the good qualities will perish, it will be a grave mistake. It is much more easy to hold a good position than to regain it once lost. With our present experience, my impres- sion is that we had not better undertake to carry much honey in bags very far into the heat of summer. Mr. A. I. Root makes a good suggestion when he advises keeping the hcney airtight. RFCAPITUL.^TION. To produce perfect candied honey, smooth 126 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 and fine, in the grain, and that will not drain : Lret the bees ripen and cap before extract- ing'. Extract on a drying- daj'. Keep the hooej' well protected from the air. Stir and mix well before putting it into small containers. To candy it, jar, agitate, or rock the hon- ey while in the small vessels. This can be done by machinery. But I prefer to let the changes in temerature caused b}' daj' and night do it. Place the honey in a thin- walled building — in one whose inside tem- perature changes rapidly with outside changes. The expansion and contraction furnish the necessary movements in the honey. Note 1. — Thin unripe honey candies coarse and rough, and it is ill-flavored, ;-nd will drain; and, more, the selling and keeping qualities are of a low grade. 2. With plenty of combs you'll get as much capped honey as of the thin stuff, and the wax will pay for uncapping. The young bees that do not go to the fields any- way are just anxiously waiting for the job. Aylmer West, Ontario, Can., Jan. 8. HASTENING THE C\NDYING OF HONEY. I find that, to have candied honey in the tank when extracting, and pouring the hon- ey in and letting it mix thoroughly, it will cau.se the wh^le to candy at once, and solid. Our honey here requires a lot of cold weath- er to candj\ sometimes not granulating he whole season; but this summer, when I be- gan extracting, I had a few pounds of can- died honey in my tank, which holds 3600 lbs. I poured in on this from the extractor, and I drew the honey from the uncapping- box in half gallon jars. The honey from the box is liquid yet, not granulated a par- ticle; but the honey in the tank was solid long ago. I drew out of the tank when full during extracting in August, and all stored in the same place, all subjected to the same conditions; and as to keeping honey liquid, I am convinced that the ]iquef_\ ing of honey per Weber is correct, and I will give my reason. To liquefy thoroughly, and not get too hot, will take nearly 36 hour-. If there is a particle of granules in the honey it will candy again. One will think he will have the job complete, when, on close in- spection, there will be granules in the mass. I don't claim the discovery as to mixing granulated honey with liquid to cause it to candy. But I know that it is the best way yet discovered, and is a comp'ete success with me. J. T. Hairston. Salina, I. T. [Some interesting facts are brought out by the three correspondents. First, that agitation does hasten the process of solidi- fying. Even the driving of the hoops of the barrel, and rolling the barrel on the floor, seems to have quite a perceptible effect; while honey from the same source, and the same cans, left without agitation, will re- main perfectly liquid. Another fact quite clearly brought out is that old candied honey mixed with new extracted also hastens the process, on the principle that " a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump." Granulation in honey is a process of crj'stalliz.ition; and therefore when cr3stallization is once started it spreads, shooting out in different directions. I have had bottles of hone\ exposed in front of mj- window; and I have noted particular- ly that the entire mass of honey would re- main clear for a considerable length of time; but just as soon as the least particle of cloud intss appears in any portion of the mass, the cloudiness will increase very rapidly from that time on. Another interesting fact is that Eastern honey can be succe?sfully bagged. I have been a little fearful for some time back as to whether or not the Aikin paper package would be suitable for Eastern bee-keepers; but it appears from the testimony offered by our correspondents that it will probably be all right. To sell candied honey it seems to be nec- essary to introduce it to the trade in per- son. The customer must have confidence in the purchaser or seller, for he is not in- clined, in view of all the stories of adulter- ation that are afloat, to buy brown sugar under the name of honey. But when he is fully persuaded that it is the genuine prod- uct from the flowers, gathered by the bees, that candying is a natural characteristic of nearly all honeys; and when he is in- duced to take home and test a sample, and learns that it has a most delightful flavor, he becomes an eager and willing customer for more of that kind of goods. While agitation, and the mixing of old candied honey with new extracted are con- sidered important requisites, yet, after all, a low temperature (the colder the better) is the most essential condition for rapid can- dying.— Ed.] A MODEL APIARY. Hives on Individual Hive-stands. BY T. C. CRAGON. In position for the winter I have a sepa- rate stand for each hive, made 8 inches high, and strong enoush to hold any reason- able weight. The hives are placed with the entrance to the south; the back of the hive is raised one inch higher than the en- trance, which is full width of the hive. The bottom-board is made to allow a foar-inch alighting- board, and so that the body of the hive will project js inch over the bottom at the back on either side. It is fastened with a I'^-inch screw on each side, so that the screw can be removed without moving the h've. Handhold cleats are nailed on all hives and supers. The covers are made of plain boards one inch larger each way than the body, and held at each end with cleats 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 127 ^Xl/^ inches, nailed on the under side. It is then covered with cotton cloth secured with tacks around the edge, and painted three coats of oil and lead. This makes a cover that will keep out the wet and weather. I have had very good luck winterinji: lor years. T. C. Ckagon. Smithfield, Utah. •' IMPROVED QUEEN-REARING.' A Reply to M^ Q. W. Phil ips' Article, Nov. 15. BY ARTHUR C. MILLER. Lest the reader may think I am putting- my fingers in another man's pie, I will commence by saying that this article is written at the request of the editor and also of Mr. Alley. A concise statement of Mr. Alley's sys- tem, just as I have many limes seen the veteran himself use it, will assist in making- plain further discussion. 1. Selection of exceptionally strong- colo- nies. 2. Deprived of brood, queen, and combs, and kept confined for six hours. The dep- rivation is so made that the bees fill their sacs to the limit of their capacity; termed, for convenience, "cell-starting- colonies" 3. Strips of comb containing an egg in each alternate cell are stuck to sticks in a frame or frames. These in turn are alter- nated in a hive with combs of pollen and honey, tind the confined bees released on them. 4. Twenty four hours after the "start- ing-" colony bei^an work on the cells the frames bearing the cells are taken away and given to colonies dequeened twelve hours previously, but not deprived of their brood. 5. Five days later the now completed cells are taken from these colonies, and gathered in one strong- queenles-s colony. 6. Two days before queens are due to emerge, the cells are put into the cages and returned to the same queenless colony. Alley's system differs from the so called "cell-cup" plan, as at present used and taught, in just two particulars; i. e., meth- od of supplying eggs or larva;, and of se- curing full feeding of the larvae. In other features it is but the same as now advocat- ed by all good authorities, only carried on with the utmost pains. The great fault of Mr. Alley's book, and it is almost a vital one, is the mixing of a description of the construction of his appli- ances with a detailed statement of their use. Also, he wanders from one part of his subject to another in a most confusing way. Mr. Phillips justly criticises the " Meth- od No 1 " as given in the book. As de- scribed, it certainly appears most labori- ous. Let me explain why Mr. Alley does some things, and their true relation to his system will be more evident. He uses large numbers of colonies of black and hybrid bees for cell-building. A MODEL APIARY IN UTAH. 128 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb, 1 These colonies are p^-otected with drone- traps (as are all but those flyinji;- his select- ed drones). That none of the objectionable drones may escape, all handling- of the col- onies is done indoors. To handle them comfortably there, it is necessary to subdue them pretty thoroughly by thumping' and with smoke. Incidentally this causes the bees to gorge with food so that, when they ^■et to the lar\Ee, they have a superabun- dance of pap. Those of us who can do such work out of doors can save much of his labor; but we must take equal pains to secure the requi- site g-orging with food. He keeps his breeding queen in a hive with frames 5X5 inches. He keeps this colony well populated with young bees by frequent additions of combs of emerging brood, and also by constant feeding. He does these things because he can always MR. ALLEY IN HIS QUEEN-REARING OPKKATIONS get eggs just when he wants them; know their age almost to an hour; do it with lit- tle danger to his queen; do it rapidly and with little physical effort, and without the loss incident to disturbing a full colony. In a large colony or in a nucleus with full- sized frames, eggs laid to order are not reg- ularly possible. One of the little combs supplies eggs for fO to 60 queens, and these ejjgs hatch with- in an hour after they are given to the queen- less bees, so nicely does he time his work. From this it will be seen that the to be queens receive a surfeit of food from the in- stant of their birth. I timed Mr. Alley one day (unbeknown to him), and from the time he went to the hive for the eggs, cut the comb in strips, stuck them to the bars, destroyed the alter- nate eggs, placed the frames in the food- stocked hive, and admitted the bees to them, was just two minutes. This is a speed which I venture to say is not habitual with any user of the " transferring-larv^ plan." Mr. Alley takes particular pains to have food always present in all cell-building colonies, and he keeps filled feeders con- stantly on all such. He takes no chances with intermittent honey-flows. He takes the cells from the starting colonies, and places them in the middle of dequeened but not broodless colonies that the queen larvas may have the benefit of j'oung nurses all through their growing period — in other words, be in the most favorable condition possible. As soon as the cells are capped he takes them away from these colonies merely as a matter of economy, such colo- nies having their queen return- ed, and at once resuming their normal condition. He has cer- tainly reduced the economical use of colonies to a fine art. Now comes the only fault with the Alley plan. It is the cag- ing of the cells. In his hands it is a quick and simple though sticky and dauby job. Cell cups built on wood bases are certain- ly much more readily and neatly caged; but beyond this I have yet to hear of any valid claim to their superiority; and at what a cost this little advantage is secured ! Mr. Alley enables the bees to feed the larva from the first mo- ment of its life, as their instinct directs. By the transferring plan, larvas whose ages vary from a few to many hours are used, and many things happen to them thereafter if we may be- lieve the writers. By his system Mr. A. produces the most superb queens I ever saw —virgins looking larger and stronger than many fertile queens I have seen; and the worker bees of his strain are of but normal size. .Mr. Phillips cites p. 24, lines 21—25, of Mr. Alley's book as a statement by the lat- ter condemning the " Method No. 1." What he does condemn is the putting of the start- ed cell cups over an excluder above a colo- ny containing a laying queen. I trust Mr. Phillips will look again. Possibly Mr. Alley's nucleus system will be improved; but as handled and operated by him it is wonderfully simple, and is economical to the point of perfection. As to his tobacco smoker, I do not see what he could do with )ut it. Sooner or later the rest of us will come to it for queen- rearing work, even if we have to devise some substitute for tobacco. It is 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 129 the embodiment of convenience and effi- ciency. Mr. Phillips' reference to the "sear and 5'ellow leaf" hardlj* has to do with criti- cism of Alley's system of queen-rearing, and impresses one with the feeling that Mr. Phillips consciously or unconsciously harbors some personal or commercial an- tagonism to Mr. Alley. It had better been omitted. Though well along in years, Mr. Alley is as active and enduring as many a man far his junior. Mentally he is as keen and alert as he ever was; and as he goes from hive to hive and from nucleus to nu- cleus, telling before he opens it just what is within, one envies him his wonderful memory; and yet he has been through trouble and sorrows which would crush most of us. There is nothing spectacular or sensa- tional about Mr. Alley, his system, or his queens; but they " get there just the same," and in a most satisfying way. Providence, R. I., Dec. 30. [You give us a very clear exposition of the Alley sj'stem, and I would suggest to Mr. Alley that, when he gets out a new edition of his book on queen- rearing, he in- corporate your description instead of his own. His last bojk is somewhat confusing — too profuse is some details, and woefully lacking in some others, to make it easily understood. The two essential differences between the Alley system and that of others seem to be, 1. A cell- starting colony queenless and broodless, confined for six hours; 2. Strips of natural comb, each alternate egg de- stroyed in lieu of artificial cells or wooden cell cups. It m^y be that the queenless and brood- less colony confined will have more pap for young larvaj than an ordinary queenless colony lavishly fed with syrup, but I should somewhat doubt it. As Mr. Phillips has already pointed out, it is a lot of work to make a colony broodless, as this brood must be taken out and taken care of. The artificial cell cups or wooden cups do not involve as much work as would ordi- narily seem. True, they require grafting; and right here there may be one item of labor not found in the Alley system. But a g^raftcd cell gives an operator a selection of larvae, and saves mutilating otherwise good combs. We have for some two years practiced the Alley as well as the modified Doolittle sys- tem. The two have been worked side by side in order that we might be able to judge between them. Our own individual opinion is that the modified Doolittle plan, such as we have described and illustrated, is as simple as any, and gives as good queens as are furnished by any plan known. While "the Doolittle system involves the grafting of the cells, it saves labor a/fer the cells are once grafted, because they can be handled like hickorynuts. A cell made from a piece of comb is apt to be irregular in form, and requires trimming to get it into a queen- cage later on in the process. It was our own experience, after two years of trial, that the trimming of the Alley cells required more time than the grafting of the artificial cell cups, which, when built out and com- pleted, are always clean and perfect. When the wooden cup is used, the cylindrical form makes it just right to plug up the hole in the cage or cell protector; and, what is of considerable importance, it can be shoved into the side of a comb without mashing or injuring it. It was my privilege and pleasure to meet Mr. Alley at Boston, on a recent trip to that city. I was surprised and delighted to see how robust and healthy he seemed to be, even if he had reached the period of the "sear and yellow leaf," so far as age was concerned. He seemed to think it a great joke that he should be regarded as in his years of decline*. I remarked to him as I saw him, that, if the average man at forty were as strong and vigorous as he was, he might consider himself very fortunate indeed. Said I, "Mr. Alley, if you had your mustache trimmed off the same as Dr. Miller, there would be a strong resemblance between you — of the same height (short), of the same square stocky build, and of the same general facial expression." He re- marked with some warmth that he consid- ered it a crmpliment to be compared to Dr. Miller, even in mere physical appearai c^. Mr. A. C. Miller secured a photo of Mr. Alley while in the midst of his queen-rear- ing operations. He had just caged a lot of his cells in Alley nursery- cages. The cam- era caught him in the very act, and I am pleased to introduce him to our readers, showing him the vigorous man that he is. — Ed.] IN MEMORUM OF "THE PRINCE OF AMERICAN BEEKEEPERS." BY E. R. ROOT. Capt. John Edwin Hetherington was born Jan. 7, 1840, in Cherry Valley, N. Y., where he always resided, and died there the last day of the old year. It has been said of him that he would have gained dis- tinction in any occupation, for nature had endowed him with indomitable will power capable of organizing, and executive abili- ties such as would have quickly placed him at the head of any large undertaking. He was born of good ancestry, his father being an educated English gentleman, and his mother of the old Judd family, of Connecti- cut. His father died when he was but *A mutual friend had written me a short time before, that Mr. Allty was in his f eclining years, sick, and not long for this world. Full of sympathy I had writ- ten him, expressing my regret over his ph\ sical condi- tion, expressing the hope that he might hold out some years longer. My! what a letter 1 received! He de- sired to a-Eure me that he was far from being a dead man, and hoped I might come and look him over. 130 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 three years old, leaving the training of himself and two brothers on the mother. Distinguished as a soldier, he was not less remarkable as a bee-keeper, for his career was little short of marvelous. In- telligent, progressive, he. probably handled a larger number of colonies for a longer period of time than anj- other man whoever lived, or possibly ever may live. While it is true that J. S. Harbison, of California, his death the most extensive bee-keeper in the world is rot important; but certain it is that Capt. Hetherington has been a vt ry unique figure — not because his writings appeared in the bee j 'urnals, nor because he attended the conventions, for he has writ- ten but rarely and attended but few meet- ings, but because he managed successfully 30C0 colonies for over twenty years, and be- cause he introduced many valuable im- ^ CAPT. J. E. HETHERINGTON. at one time had 6000 colonies, it was for only a short period. It was C ipt. J. E. Hetherington w'ho enjoyed the distinction, for a period of over twenty years, of being the mjst extensive bee- keeper in the world, owning and operating over 3000 colonies during the greater portion of that time; but of late years I believe he did not keep quite so many. Whether he was at the time of provements — improvements which, after the lapse of many years, were finally adopted and put into current use by bee-keepers ail over the United States. The captain did not follow in the beaten track of supply manufacturers bj- any means; but he acknowledged with consid- erable pleasure that Father Quinby did more to help him in his early bee-keeping 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 131 experience than any other man ; and it was the tjuinby system of hives and brood- frames which he adopted and subsecjuently I3' improved. At one lime the captain had nearly all his bees on the Hetheriugton- Ouinb}' frame — a frame having closed ends or closed uprights; but, if I am correct, his colonies, at the time of his death, were di- vided on Ouinby and what is known as the Van Deu^en metal-corner open end frame. For colder clim.ites, I believe the captain preferred the closed ends; but in the apia- ries of Virginia he used, as a matter of pref- erence, the open end Van Deusen. I need not dwell here particularly upon his record as a soldier any more than to state that he was captain of a company of sharpshooters in the Civil War — a position that means a great deal more than to be captain of an ordinary company of infantry. Three times he was wounded, and was finally discharged on account of disability from his wounds. At the close of the Get- tysburg campaign his name was sent up to the War Department as one who had ren- dered gallant service for his country. But it is cf his record as a bee- keeper that I wish to speak more particularly. It may not be generally known, but he was the originator of the no-drip shipping-case that is now used almost universnlly through- out all civilized beedom. When we first introduced this case some 3'ears ago, it was brought to the attention of manufacturers by the commission houses, who urged upon them the importance of making their cases on the no drip plan. Almost in the same way the tall section came into prominence. Where it came from no one seemed to know ; but Mr. Dai.zenba- ker, when he called at Medina, said he first saw them at the Centennial at Phila- delphia in '76, filled with beautiful combs. He subsequently learned that it was the honey of Capt. Hetherington. That the captain was the first to introduce it, there can be no question, for all the evidence points that way. Mr. Hetherington was the first to make a really priiCtical thing of closed-end frames. True it is that Mr. Quinby invented them, and came very near adding to them their finishing touches. But as Mr. Quinby originally used them in his particular form of hive, the frames were by no means as easily handled as in the particular form used b}' Capt. Hetherington ; and from this originated the Hetheriugton-Quinby frame and hive that are used so much in certain sections of New York. In these latter days, when the matter of transparency in foundation is so highly prized, it maj- be well to remember that Mr. Hetherington was probably the first to get out what was really the first transpar- ent foundation. Those of us who bought the Van Deusen flat-bottom article years ago will remember how beautiful and transpar- ent it was, and that nothing has been made of late A ears that was any clearer o^ more beautiful. Whether it had the same pliable qualities that are found in the Weed trans- parent foundati(jn 1 can not say. It was Capt. Hetherington also, I believe, who first couceived the idea of incorporat- ing fine wire into the foundation itself. A patent was granted, and for years the Van Dcusens made what was called their wired flat- bottom foundation under royalty from Mr. Hetherington In the matter of fish-bone in comb honey, it was Capt. Hetherington who tirst saw the importance of reducing the amount of wax in the base and putting as much as possible in the wall. We have talked a good deal about this of late, but really Mr. Hetherington was ahead of all of us in this. Super springs, the exact form we are Using to-day, a device for applying a yield- ing pressure on sections while in the super, were the invention of Capt. J. E. Hether- ington— at least he used them away back in j872, and has used them continuously till this time. This one fact alone speaks volumes for their practicability ; and it is strange that we of these latter days did not discover their value sooner. CELLAR WINTERING WITHOUT VENTILATION. Some Contradictory Experiences. BY IRA BARBER. Friend Ernest: — I notice what you say in regard to my being located so far north that it may make a difference in keeping bees quiet in winter quarters. My bees years ago acted just as you say yours do. They would scatter out and fly about in the cel- lar every time the weather warmed up out- side, and not quiet down until the weather became colder, if I did not give them ven- tilation from some source; and since I learned that it was fresh air that caused all the trouble I have seen no such scatter- ing out, no matter how often the weather changed during the winter. The cellars are made frost- proof if no bees are in them; and where there are bees enough put in to raise the temperature very much, the bees will bunch out at the fly- holes; and when the room cools down, the bees will draw back in and do not rouse up and fly about as one would suppose they would. The rise and fall of the temper- ature is so gradual that they do not appear to notice it. I want you to come up here and see for yourself, for I think it would be the best investment you could make; for if 1 had known, 30 years ago, what I am telling 3 ou it would have been worth thousands of dol- lars to me; for I never could winter bees so they were ready for sections when set out (so far as bees were concerned), until I kept all fresh air from them while in winter quarters. Your cellar under the machine-shop is a large one, and partitioned off with burlaps, as I understand. Now, that is altogether too airy a material to make a close bee-eel- 132 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 lar, for your bees get every change in the weather while they are in there. I am not able to go around with you to the different bee-cellars in this locality; but Charles Halligus lives right in the Junction, and will carry you to his bee-cel- lar and to all the others in this section, free of charge; so all it will cost you will be your time and transportation. I am out of the bee business entirely, and can not get around without crutches; but you are a young man, and have a double interest in the honey-bee; for if they do not come out strong in the spring, bee- keepers have little use for the supplies you furnish; and according to my experience of 52 years in wintering bees, your plan of airing bees in a cellar to keep them is malpractice of the first water, as I found it out more than 20 years ago, and I see no reason why you should succeed in doing the same thing that was a failure to all that practiced it here. You say that your bees did not come out well where you had a four- inch ventilator last winter, and now you have a sixteen-inch ventilator in place of the four-inch. Now, I want you to see if the bees do not come out in still poorer condition next spring, and also those in the house cellar with no ventilation. If you come up to see the way bees are kept in cellars here, I think you can get a better pattern for a top-bar for brood frames than you have, for I have never seen it in any of the supply lists. T. H. Barber was the first to make and use it. It is strong and cheap, and holds the foundation every time. Don't fail to come up. Ira Barbkr. I)e Kalb Junction, N. Y. [I came very near making you a visit, Mr. Berber, about a month ago while on a late eastern trip; but as I had been delayed, and as it was too early in the season, I final- ly decided to ciefer my visit till another time. In the early part of March, when bees are most apt to be uneasy, I may run up and see you, for this is a very important matter. In the mean time I have no reason to doubt your word; but what jou say is so diametrically opposed to my own experience and observation from an extended travel that I am simply dumbfounded. List win- ter we did have one cellar where the bees were confined all winter without any ven- tilation, or practically none. It is a won- der that they came through alive. The cellar bottom was literally covered with dead bees to the depth of several inches. This winter that same cellar, with about the same number of bees, has a 16-inch- square ventilator running up through the roof, and the bees are in fine condition. A 3'ear ago at this time they were very uneasy, and it looked as if they might all be dead by the opening of spring. I can not understand why bees should be in a quiescent state, with the air foul, and probably warm. If the temperature were too high, or the ventilation too scant, it has been my experience, in all the cellars I have ever seen in midwinter, that the bees were uneasy. I have stepped into cellar after cellar of this kind, shut the door, and wait- ed a few minutes in absolute darkness. If there were no ventilation, or had been none, I could hear the zip, zip, zip of the bees fly- ing out and dropping on the cellar bottom, and whirling around in the darkness among their dead fellows; and the stench and odor were simply awful. In our own experience this flying-out stops immediately upon an infusion of fresh air, unless it is so near spring that their abdo- mens are distended from fecal matter. Nothing then but a flight on a warm day will bring relief. — Ed.] SMOKERS \ND FUEL An Interesting Discussion from tlie Standpoint of an fcxpert. BY T. F. BINGHAM. Very often have the remarks in the vari- ous journals relating to the fuel used in smokers come to my attention ; but as it is presumable that I am interested in partic- ular smokers, and probably biased, I have enjoyed the various dissertations and kept quietly on. I greatly enj:)yed the examination of the sketch and patent office explanation on page 1000, which seems entirely comprehensible and plain. As above, it might be inferred that, having been a c!o*e practical student of smokers so long, yet, though biased, a reasonable consideration of even a vital intere^t would not be entirely out of place. It would seem a coincidence, at least, that watchmakers should invent smokers. The fact that patient anal3'sis of principles nowhere finds a better illustration than in practical watchmakers' everyday lives may, in a certain sense, account for the smokers that have been devised. No one will expect me to criticise any smoker, be it what it may; but there is one fact that will be of interest and value to bee-keepers. Smoke is the result of imper- fect combustion. The lid or top or chim- ney, usually called a nozzle, is all there is in ordinary smokers to prevent the fuel in them from blazing— giving ofl^ no smoke of value. This curtailing of combustion, at the same time encour iging it, lies at the foundation of all modern smokers. You who have a doubt as to the effect of a blast of air on fuel in a smoker, please see how continuously and how slowly you can work the bellows for a few moments. The result will surprise you. As if by magic the fire will start up, and a small continuous stream of smoke wiil slowly issue, and the fuel will soon exhaust itself. If, instead, the bellows is worked frantically for the same space of time, the fuel will also be exhausted ; but if, on the contrary, the bel- lows is allowed to rest until the nozzle and body of the machine are full of smoke, and then v\ ith gentle pressure of the bellows ex- 1>04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 133 pelled, your object will have been accom- plished. It is this feature that renders larf^e smok- ers so much more satisfactory. I have tried for twenty years to encourai^e bee-keepers to use larf,^e smokers; but from the fact that a small good smoker is so much better than none, and that a small good smoker is vast- ly better than a large poor one, and, further, that the small one can be made at a less price, the bee-keepers have, many of Ihem, used what we would call small smokers. Of course, in my apiary I use only experi- mental smokers ; that is, I try to use all the peculiar smoker ideas that the manage- ment of from 100 to 200 colonies matures or suggests. The bee-keepers are not expected to try all these various schemes for raising and managing smokers ; but a maker of smokers would not be held blameless for the sale or advertising of an untried ma- chine. Answering the various and numerous re- marks about the best fuel for smokers, it would be well to consider the kind and size of smoker, and the easy procurement of fuel. For instance, take Bingham's directions sent in all his smokers ; viz., sound hard wood for fuel, etc. That is sound advice for his smokers of the smaller sizes, and would answer for all; but as any brittle bark from an old stump or log or woodshed could be readily obtained and easily pounded in- fo small pieces, and whose coals would not readily set fire to any thing, yet, if perfectly dry, burn well in large smokers, it would be reasonable to use such fuel in large smokers, though not as good as split wood in small ones. A smoker does not need working all the time if it will only go all the time without it. Good fuel aids in rendering a good scientif- ic smoker always ready and willing to do its duty. The fact that a smoker wi// burn any thing affords no reasonable excuse for iDurmng every thing. Farwell, Mich. bers, and, for some reason or other, the vir- gin queens which they contain generally fail to get fertilized. Don't remove the lay- ing queen from them until they have filled the combs with eggs; and where they are unfortunate enough to lose many queens in succession, frames of sealed brood should be given. During a dearth of honey these little colonies must be stimulated: if not, the percentage of missing virgins will be great. We will take it for granted that you have 18 nuclei, all of which contain fertilized or laying queens which you wish to remove MODERN QUEEN-REARING. As Practiced at the Root Co.'s Yards ; a Brief and Comprebensive Treatise on the Latest and Best Methods, Gleaned from all Sources. Concluded from Last Issue. BY GEORGE W. PHILLIPS. Nuclei must be kept in a prosperous con- "dition. A handful of half-starved broodless bees will never do well. They will not have •enough energy to resist the attacks of rob- Fig. 15. for sale, or introduction into some of the strong colonies in your yard. Go to the colony that contains the nursery of virgins; remove the cages; take the cells from them from which the queens have hatched; slip the tin cover over the hole, and let the tin shown in Fig. 1 cover the candy- hole. Take these 18 virgins in their cages, and put one (as shown in Fig. 14) in each of the nuclei having fertile queens. Three or four days after, remove the tin that covers the candy- hole, and let the bees release the virgin. At the same time this is done, another virgin should be given to each nucleus, to be re- leased as soon as the second is laying, and 134 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 so on. B3' workingf in this way the getting- of virj^fins accepted is rendered a compara- tively easy matter, and the subject of queen- feitilizin^ is considerably' simplified. Be- sides, the output of a layini^ queen from a g^iven number of nuclei can be nearly doubled. Before Mr. TitofT made his caere we used the Stanley and Miller cngres-the Stanley as a nursery and the Miller as an intro- ducingf cage. The virgins then had to be transferred from one to the other, which, when a lot had to be done, was a tax upon the time and patience (f ihe beekeeper. The same might be said of almost every other kind of nursery cage in vogue. In the cage h'-re shown, both featui;es are com- bined— the virgin hatching right into her introducing cage. By referring to Fig. 11 it will be seen how readiU' fresh candy can be supplied, and t^e tin on the bottom makes it easy to confine the queen or allow the bees to release her. If you desire to make sure of j'our new swarms, clip the queen's wings. An op- portunity for doing this is off ered when they are removed from the nuclei for introduc- tion into strong colonies. Take the queen from the comb by her wings with the rig^ht hand; hold the first finger of the left hand in front of her and let her catch on to it. to injury. Beginners had belter clip the wings on one side onl}', as those on the oth- er serve as a means of lifting' her in the future. Fig. 14. As soon as she does so, bring your thumb upon her feet; let go your hold on her wings, and, as she raises them in an efifort to fly, clip off the membraneous portion on each side symmetrically. Never hold the queen bj' one foot onl3', or she will swing round and round and attempt to wring it off. In P^ig. Iv'^, 1 gives an idea of how the queen should be picked up; 2, however, is misleading. Thequetn is to be held in ex- actly the opposite position from that shown — her hend turned toward the end of the first finger, her body resting fl it upon it, and her wings extended. No. 3 shows an- other manner of holding her, and, for the beginner, perhaps a safer one. She is ta- ken up by the wings as shown in 1, and the fingers of the operator rest upon the thorax, which, being harder, is less liable LATE MATED QUEENS, ETC. 1. Will a queen raised and mated in the fall, that has done no laying, be g'ood for any thing? I have three that I know were mated late in the fall — too late to lay. 2. I have two or three colonies in hives the bottoms of which are wet, the water even running out of the entrance, although, there has been no moisture of any kind for over two months. The bees seem perfectly healthy; but I can not understand the wa- ter in the hives in such dry weather. Will it do any harm? The hives are raised, about four or five inches from the ground. Bloomfield, N. M. Fred L. Clkrc. [1. Yes, suchqueenswill usuallylay in the spring, providing they have been mated in the previous fall; but unless there are drones flying late (and usually there ar^ none) such queens would be worthless. 2. The conditio 1 described is not abnor- mal. A powerful, healthy colony will give off considerable moistr.re. If the bottom- board or sides of the hives are cold they will collect it in the form of numerous drops. —Ed. ] sweet clover. It doesn't seem to me to be quite right ta scatter the seed around in roads and other people's lots. I have tried for several years to get our fence rows and waste patches seeded; but my sheep, goats, and horses seem to search it all out and keep it down. La Haye, Ills., Jan. 14. W. D. Null. [Why, friend N., jour letter seems to answer itself. I do not know but some of our readers will think it a little bit of a joke when j'ou saj' your conscience troubles you about scattering the seed around in waste places, and then to tell us that 3'our "sheep, goats, and horses search it out and devour if so as to prevent you from getting a stand. If you think your neighbors would complain if you should sow red or medium clover in waste places along the roads, or even if some of it should get over into their lots, then you ought to be pretty careful about sowing sweet clover. I do not know that I ever heard of scattering sweet clover or any other honey-plant seed on land that belonged to somebody else, even if it was waste land, and I would not recommend such a course. Yet all those who persist 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 135 in pronouncing sweet clover a weed should recognize it is just as much one of the clo- vers as mammoth, red, and medium.— A. I. R.] carl's extractor for unfinished sec- tions. ^In Gr.KAViNGS. p. 928, Mr. C. R. King asks if unfinished sections can be extracted with- out breaking the combs. My brother has made a very nice little extractor for just such sections, and it works very nicely. It is made out of an ordinary- sized galvanized pail, and is operated by means of a cord, WIDTH OF ENTRANCE FOR INDOOR WINTER- ING; DKPTH OK EXTRACTING FRAMES. 1. I have my bees in a cellar. The bot- tom-boards to the hives give a clear space of % inch under the frame. Do jou consid- er that sufficient ventilation? 2 How deep would you advise making extracting fr;imes, and whcit weight or grade of foundation would you use? Athol, Mass. . _ A. M. V. Hager^_ [1. Ordinarily the >ion, so that 5'ou will be able to get your supplies at a reasonable figure. The two depths of shal- low extracting- 'rames most commonly used are 5^8 and 7^2 inches deep. — Ed.] GALVANIZED STEEL ROOFINGS. Seeing jour editorial, page 956, on roof- ing materials, I should like to ask whether j'ou know the galvanized steel roofing sold for house roofs to be durable, and whether it will be cheaper than zinc for hive-covers? Would it require painting? R. B. Hunter. Brinkleyville, N^C., Dec. 2. _ _^ [The galvanized steel roofings sold on the market I think are all good — at least that has been our experience. Zinc would cost nearly twice as much. No paint would be required, but it would be advisable to put one coat of white on so as to draw less heat if the hives were exposed to the sun. — Ed.] A A, ba.skets to hold frame.'; B. pins to holrl bi.skets; C. braces D. common galvanizrd pail; E. spool and cord for power; F, si ck- Is lor shaft; dotted liues show basket tipped to receive combs. by which means the speed can be regulated in accordance with the sections to be ex- tracted. The frames can not be reversed; but the secions can be made to operate in the opposite direction. The whole thing is a very inexpensive affair, and will come in quite handy for those who have a great many unfinished sections which they do not wish to lose. Perhaps it c in be made to accommodate four sections at one time— ours is for two. I send drawing herewith. H. F. Carl. Washington, D. C, Nov. 5. [Where one has a full-sized extractor it is better to use a frame that will hold four sections at once or two stich frames for a two frame extractor. A small machine such as is here shown can be made to work, but it will consume a lot of time for a few sec- tions.— Ed.] ACID FOR REFINING WAX. Will you kindly inform me which grade of sulphuric acid is used in cleansing bees- wax, the common or the C. P.? How much stronger is the C. P. than the common? Willis H. Freeman. Westville Center, N. Y., Dec. 5. [The ordinary sulphuric acid, the com- mercial article, is the kind to use. The C. P., of c )urse, is all right, but too expen- sive.— Ed.] SOUR MOLASSES. Having a chance to purchase a barrel of sour molasses, would it be fit to use for spring feeding, and should I purchase the same for that purpose? W. C. Haines. McComb, Ohio, Jan. 5. [We would not advise you to use the sour molas«es. It is not even fit for spring feed- ing.— Ed.] 136 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 [There has been some objection made to this depart- ment, to the eflect that it is misleading to pick out the giiod reports. This may be to some extent true ; but for all that it i-i light that every one who undertakes bee culture, and fails for the time beinsj, has a right to know atid ought lo know \\\^ possibilities of bee-keep- ing ; and we all ought to know what is possilile for an expert. Our old friend Di Miller has hid so many discouraging seasons that, if I am not mistaken, he has once or twice almost felt like giving it up that is, taking one year with another. But now is it not worth something lo every reader of Gle.anings to know wht the doctor did during the pa^t year- see page IS? Some of \ou may say it is accidental and there is no particular credit due the doctor hut I dp not believe it. I ihink there may be slipshod bee- keepers in his own neighborhood iprrhip-i there aie none, however), that may not have not'ced the sea.son ■was any thing remarkable The great yield he se- cured was largely the result of rare skill, and the accumulation of years of experience Now let us gird lip OUT loins and be able to do something like it when Providence favors us with a bountiful yield of honey. ]t would be funnv indeed if we old chaps have not ac- cumitlattd just a little wisdom during the years a kind Providence has permitted us to live and learn. Is not that true, doctor? — A. I R.] FROM 1 TO 4, AND 250 LBS. OF HONEY. Here is my report for 1903 : I brought one colony when I came from Colorado last spring. June 5th I divided into four nuclei. I received 250 lbs. of nice coinb honey, and I now have four good strong colonies to ex- periment on this year. T. J. Landrum. Roswell, N. M., Jan. 10. You ask for reports. My report, from 63 colonies, spring count, was 6415 lbs. of comb honey sold ; considerable given away; increased by nuclei to 72. DeKalb, ]ll.,Dec. 25. A. Y. Baldwin. From 32 colonies, spring count, I harvest- ed this year 1004 lbs. extracted and 614 lbs. comb honej', which is considered good for this region. The season was cool and wet, but not so disastrous as the summer of 1902. Bloomdale, O., Dec. 24. M. N. Simon. I transferred in spring ; increased from 59 to 83; got 1550 sections, all No. 1, and 325 lbs. of chunk honey. My average from the old-fashioned gum has been 20 lbs. for the last six years. J. J. Wilder. Cordelle, Ga. Spring, cold and wet; first swarm, June 28; excessive swarming throughout July, August, and September. White clover and heart's-ease were abundant. Average of 70 lbs. per colony. Y. M. Roseman. Marquette, Neb., Dec. 26. I send you my report this year, with 14 colonies, spring count; increased to 24; got 800 lbs. comb hone}'. I have owned and kept becsfor 73 years. I can say this has beat all years for swarming. Darlington, Wis., Dec. 30. John Cline. I started one year ago with two stands of blacks, and sent to Moore for two of his long-tongued Italians, and raised my own queens. I have 14 stands, and I believe they are pure Italians. The one stand that I did not disturb stored 80 lbs. of comb honey. M. M. Barron. University Park, Ore., Dec. 12. I started in the spring with 11 colonies; increased by swarming 4 colonies; captured runaway swarms, 4. Total, 19 colonies. I got 4225 lbs. of hone}', all extracted except about 300 lbs. of section honey, and got 19 lbs. of nice yellow wax from cappings. Bees are all rich in winter stores. Pros- pects are fine for a crop this year — white clover everywhere. Wm. O. Heivly. Raymore, Mo., Jan. 9. My report for the year is 85 colonies, spring count; increased to 146. I have ex- tracted 24 000 lbs. of honey, and 253 lbs. of wax. My average of 282 lbs. per colony is pronounced marvelous, and many doubt my statement. I can verify by indisputable data. I have been in the business only two years, and have made big money both years. Thos. Worthington. Leota, Miss., Dec. 22. I have been a bee-keeper twelve years. I started with one colony, and have kept in- crease down as much as possible. Now I have 40. Lowest average was 20 lbs.; highest, 175 lbs. per colony ; general aver- age, about 50 lbs. I sell all my honey in the home market, at 15 cts. for comb (Danz. sections); 12>^ for extracted ; main harvest, white clover. I rarely have to feed. I win- ter outdoors ; losses small. M. D. Andes. Bristol, Tenn., Dec. 23. Mr. A. I. Root: — I just received Glean- ings, and will send you my report. About this time in 1900 I didn't know any thing about bees. I bought a colony in March, 1901 ; bought more in fall ; started with 6 in 1902 ; bad year — no honey, but increased to 15: bought more in fall ; started with 45 in 1903; increased to 60; made 4950 lbs. ex- tracted ; sold it all at retail in San Antonio, except about 150 lbs. which I keep for home use. F. W. Sandan. San Antonio, Tex., Dec. 22. The past season has been a very poor one for bees. From 125 colonies we extracted about 500 lbs. But some locations only a few miles away did much better. Year be- fore last was also a poor season. Jas. D. Yancey. Angleton, Tex., Jan. 6. [Some of our reports seem to be a little fl'wcouraging as well as ^wcouraging — the above for instance ; but as we want the truth of the matter, no difference what it is. —A. I. R.] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 137 Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not brtad ? and your labor for that which satisfitth not ?— ISA. 55 : 2. As I dictate this, almost every man, wo- man, and child in the United States, and a preat part of them, for that matter, in the whole wide world, knows about the Chica- go horror where almost six hundred people, larg^ely women and children, suffered a horrible death in something like ten min- utes' time, and that, too, in the day time, right in that crowded city. It has been written up so fully in all its aspects that I need not go into details; and more prompt and vigorous measures are being taken now than perhaps the world ever saw before to prevent a repetition of such a disaster. It was a terrible lesson — perhaps the most terrible this country has ever known. Hun- dreds of vigorous editorials, not only in our dailies but even in our weekly periodicals, are coming up on every hand. But I have felt troubled and pained, in going over a great number of our home papers, to see how few even intimate that theaters and theater-go- ing are anv thing out of the way, even for professing Christians and followers of the Lord Jesus Christ. I am not sure that my own children would think it exactly right for me to make objection in public print to, saj-, our best class of theaters. The Chi- cago Advance, however, has ventured to suggest that " fire is not the only danger to be feared from our American theaters." It ventures to say in an editorial, " Some of them would be safer if they were burned up and burned down, and never rebuilt. A moral infection has been eating into them that is worse than fire. " On another page, under the heading " We are Moved to Re- mark," they suggest that "the closing of some theaters makes it easier for some peo- ple to pay their rent and grocery bills." This latter expression alludes to the fact that the theaters of Chicago are at present closed until they can make changes in their construction so as to conform to the city or- dinances. Doubtless many of my readers will sa}', " Mr. Root, if you do not like theaters, and honestly disapprove of them, why not drop the matter and stay away, but at the same time let others who do not feel as you do ex- ercise their own conscience in the matter, and go?" Well, in view of the above I /lave kept still for H good many 3eirs. But I fear people misjudge me. I do like theaters — yes, and circuses - in one sense of the word. I am inclined to think there is hardly one among you who enjoys a first class play with the keen relish that I do. A good many may sa}', " Why, if this is true, go by all means, and have a good time with the rest of us." But, my dear friends, I can honestly add, "I not only enjoy thea- ters, but I should enjoy with a huge relish a. j^/ass of beer also" It is a lo ■'g time since I tasted any, it is true. The last time I had a good taste, partly by mistake, of real first class beer (that was not what they called it, but that was its right name nevertheless) I almost groaned in spirit be- cause my conscience told me it was abso- lutely ivicked iox me to drink anything that "hit the spot" as exactly as that did. Oh, yes! it is true that I am a sinner, like the rest of mankind, and a good deal of the time I constantly crave the things I know from past experience, as well as present, would do me harm. I can not tell you in this short Home talk all the harm that theaters do, but I think I can give you some suggestions. A short time ago a book called David Harum made a big sensation. I am glad, however, it dropped out of sight about as quickly as it came into prominence. The book defended not only tobacco and beer, and theaters and circuses, but it suggested a new and better kind of religion (?) than that found in the old orthodox creeds. It brought the tears to the eye of the reader, almost if not quite, in telling what a humane act it was to take a boy to the circus for the first time in his life — a boy who had a hard and cruel guardian. Perhaps I may as well grant that it was a kind act in some senses of the word; but if that boy, during that day, got a glimpse and a craze for circuses, and, later on, theaters, until he became unsatis- fied with the regular duties of life, perhaps we may say such a life as had fallen to his lot, the act of taking him to a circus may no have been such a kind one after all. Later on there was something of a stir about a little book called " Miss Wiggins' Cabbage patch ; " and some of my friends told me I would greatly enjoy reading it. I picked it up thinking it would have some- thing to do with market-gardening. I threw it down in disgust; but when my youngest daughter urged me to read it clear through, saying it was a religious book, I finished it. I do not know but the majority of the world would consider it a missionary storj'. The writer tells how a womin of wealth took a poor family out of the slums and lifted them for a brief period from humdrum earth to the glitter of heaven by giving them as a treat a glimpse of an up-to-date theater for the first time in their lives. It It is true, she gave them an "outing " that was the event of their life, and something to talk about and think of perhaps ever aft- erward, even if they never attended another theater. But the main point before us is, did this glimpse into wealth among the high classes fit them any better for the ev- ery-day duties of life? Did it make them any happier about their daily tasks?* This * The glimpse our ^ounpr people get of life as por- traved on the ."-tfige is not that of real life. It is a make believe sort of life. It costs a great deal of ni'-'nev. Rtid it gives no a ^equate returns. The Sunday _ School Times, in commenting on the objections to the- ' ater going says this : " On the very face of it, the pro- 138 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb 1 wealthy missionary lady mig^ht have g^iven this poor famil}' — shall I say it? — a '"good old time" by giving- them some beer or whisky, or, to be more high toned, say a bottle or two of champaene. If judiciously administered 1 do not know but she might have made even the children happy in one sense of the word, for the time being, b}' the use of alcoholic stimulants; but would it have been a Christian act? David Harum did this very thing-, and rejoiced over it. He got some old ladies, who were strict orthodox members of the church, to drinking champagne till they became " merry." No doubt, friends, you thnk I am putting the matter altogether too strongly. But consider for a moment the boys and girls of our nation who are working hard and striv- ing for an education, or for advancement in life. These boj's and girls have, most of them, a longing to see a real theatrical play. Many of them spend their hard earn- ings to go once in awhile to a city theater, or, say, just once in a lifetime. Here in Medi- na we are thirty miles away from the city of Cleveland. An electric car during the season runs once a week to carry theater- goers and bring them back home. The pu- pils of our high school, and, if I am correct, many of the teachers, go to Cleveland to at- tend the theater. Some of them, as I hap- pen to know, are overworked and in poor health. It is not only the money they can hardly spare, but the strength and endur- ance to take a trip of thirty miles, long past midnight, to get home. Would you expect a member of the Endeavor Society, for in- stance, and an earnest worker for the Lord Jesus Christ, to attend one of these thea- ters? If such a person did attend, would it add to or deiract from his spirituality? I have tried it. Not only does my spirituali- ty suffer when I go to a theater, but even the memory of it dims my love to God for a long time to come * NLy nearnes-s to my Maker, and my close relationship to him and daily communion with him, or, in other vs^ords, my spirituality, is worth more to me than any thing else this whole world has to offer. I am afraid to go to theaters and circuses; I am afi aid to drink beer; and I am afraid to join in with sabbath- breakers, because I know by experience that these things interfere with my com- munion with God, and mar my happiness and peace of mind.f fes.sion of an actor stands all by itself, in demanding of its pursuer that his main purpose and endeavor shall bf to seem what he is not ; to appear something else than his real self; and herein lit-s the essential and irremediable evil of this pioftssion." And, again "A man who i~. perh ps, at heart a good and a true man and who has excentional c^pa- bilities of good, devotes himse f to seeming a bad mn. and to 'xhibiting the semblance of the vilest passions or of the mo^t abhonent crimes. How can such a course tail of injuiy to a noble naiure? Even if it in no degree lowered the tone of that nature, it in- evital)lv restrains it within limitations all unworthy of its powers and destiny. " * A converted actor, after spending ten years of his life on the stage, writes to the Sunday School Times as - follows : ■■ The life isdemoraliziug and immor-alizing. It sends spirituality glimmering." Some years ago while visiting a brother of mine in a distant State, Mrs. Root and I consented to go with him and his wife to a the-iter, because his wife was acquainted with one of the principal actors. The play was above reproach. There was not an in- decent thing in it from begining to end. It was like a beautiful stor_\ , but there was no particular moral to it. The whole ob- ject and aim of that play was to amuse and entertain, and the tickets cost us $1.25 apiece. I shall have to confes-s I do not know now what it costs to attend a modern theater; but my feeling then and now in re- gard to it is, in the language of our text, "Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread, and your labor for that which satisfieth not?" We were all pro- fessing Christians. Not only the admission fee, but the money it cost to put up at a hotel made it expensive for people of our means. Perhaps people do not figure the expense all around. Here is a clipping from one of our daily papers in regard to the present closing of the theaters in Chica- go: The clos'ng of the theaters in that ci'y, and the een- er^I scare of the people ha-; been disastrous to busi- ness in that line. The railroads carrie^l any number of th< a!ei-goers into Chicago. Hnd in addition carried several thiiusatd theatrical folks there in a season. No vv all of this businirss has stopped, and the railroads are feeling the loss rather severely. If our young peop'e could be induced to forego the pleasures of the theater they would have just so much more mone}' for something else — sa}' getting an education. Soine of you may tell me th it our best thea- ters are, in the best sense, educational. Even if this is true I think it is an expen- sive kind of education. Better take the money and get your education in broad day- light, or, say, at an evening school that does not keep you up when the average boy and girl should be sound asleep. If you have read the papers you know something of the vast sums of money that are put into theaters and opera houses. The recent developments in regard to the tragedy at the Iroquois theater show us that different officials were paid good sal- aries for looking after the machinery of the theater in case of fire. There were police inspectors belonging to the city and that belonged to the theater, w ho received ample pay, but that was all. Investigation re- vealed an awful state of criminal neglect; and then the investigating committee found that Ihat theater was not the only danger- ous one. The ordinances of the city were not complied with in any respect; and this state of affairs not only confronts us in the management of theaters, but in the man- agement of the entire affairs of city govern- ment. Men draw their pay and do 7iothing. t Dear old Dr Watts beautifully describes the point I wish to make in one of his old hymn.s. wheu he says: Is thi« vilp world a friend to grace To draw me on to God? ■" Now, in'tea 1 of the word "vile" in the above place, supply " theatrical" and then you have it. Will at- tendance at theaters lead the young Christain onto God, or the contrary? 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 139 The man who stands over them, and should keep watch, draws his pay and — docs fiofh- itii^'. The policemen do still worse. They get paj' from the city for enforcing- the law, and then get })iore pay from the whisky- sellers for not enforcing the law. How shall we train up the rising- generation so as to have a better class — a more honest and God-fearing set of men and women, for the women are also responsible? Now, this is a solemn and serious ques- tion. In God's name I ask you to answer me — answer me while you are thinking of the future welfare of your own boys and girls. Will sending them to the theaters, or helping them to attend theaters, make them }nore godly and upright?* Something comes in here that is not exactly in the line of theater-going; but it comes so near it, however, that 1 am going- to give it as a fit- ting windup to this Home talk. It came to us in tract torm. A SCATHING INDICTMENT, BY REV. S. B. ALDERSON. At a mass meeting in the Second Presbyterian Church ot Port-smouth, O , on a recent sabbath after- noon, HI the presence of over two huiuired men a converted gambler and ex-.saljon keeper made the fol- lowing statement, which has created a prolound im- pression, and I herewith transmit it to your paper, that It may do good in a wider sphere: '■ I have been in tt e s..loon hnsniess, with a gam- bling-room ai tached, for the last iouryears.and claim to kuovv sou.ething about what I am going to tell \ ou. I do not believe that the gambling den is nearly so dan- gerous, nor doe= it do any thing like the same amount ot haim, as the social card party in the home. 1 give this as my reason : In the gainiiling room the windows are closed light the curia ns are pulled down; every thing is conaucied .-ecreily for tear of detection, and none but gamblers, as a rule, enter there ; while in the parlor ali have a cess to thcr game children are per- mittt-d lo watch it, youi g people are invited to partake ill it. it IS made attractive and alluiing by giving piizes, serving refreshments, and adding high social enjoyments l-or my part \ never could see the differ- ence between playing for a piece ear. A total of 7,78/, 451, 10-* cigars was withdrawn for smok- ing, an increase of b79, 137, ISl over the preceding year. Ci^aicttes smoked during the last fiscal year uum- be ed 3,251883,330, an increase of 357,213,403 over the year belore. There were 26.42,3 cigar and 517 cigarette factories in operation Virginia manufactured 4t)0, 702, 3 il cigars, us.ug 4,U96,t02 pounds ot loiacco North Caro.ina makes comparatively lew cigars, putting most of her mauuiaciure into plug and other tobaccos North Carolina for instance, us d only lst),'251 pounds of to- bacco in cigars, and made only 9 423 0>ti cigars. New Jeiscy piodi.Cid more snuff than any other State, the total being 5.5'>3,3J3 pounds, ueaily one-third ot all that was used. — Washington .bVar. Of course, the question arises, " Are the figures given above true?" As the period- ical quoted comes from Washington, the seat ol guvernment, I presume it is author- ity. We hdve not copied the whole article as given by the Washington Star, but there is no evidence in it that the writer was feeling troubled about it. He simply gave the facts and- figures, without comment. My impression was that cigarettes were on the decrease ; and, if 1 remember correctly. 140 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 there is at least one State in our Union that has banished by law the manufacture of cigarettes. The statement that there are 517 factories making- cigarettes in this country is, I confess, quite a surprise to me. God forbid that it should be true, as friend C. hints, that the use of tobacco is increasing among ministers of the gospel. The agricultural papers, as a rule, are continually holding up warnings ; and I am sure the use of tobacco is not on the in- crease among the readers of our bee-jour- nals. How is it, brethren? It may be a good plan to have the law of Ohio read over occasionally so that we may remember what it is. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of O.io, That whoever sells, givts, or furnishes to any minor under sixteen years of age any cigarette, cigarette- wrapper, or any substitute for either, or any cigar or tobacco, upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than < ne hundred dollars, or imprisoned not less than two nor more than thirty days, or both for the first offense, and fined not less than fifty dollars nor more than three hundred dollars, and imprisoned not less than five nor more than sixty days, for the second or any subsequent offense. Now let me copy from one of our great Cleveland dailies, the Press. They, surely, are not extreme in this matter : The effects of cigarette-using by young boys would be a start.ing revel>tion to many of their mothers if they underst >od the alarming proportions to which it has grown in this countiy. A magistrate in Harlem court. New York, made the following .-ignificant declaiation the other day : Veitetday 1 had before me 3s boy ptisoners. Thirty- iht ee of them 7/r/ e confirmed ctga rette smokets To-day, from a reliable source, I have made the greiusome discov- ery that two of the largest cigarette manufacturer s in this country soak their product in a weak solution of opium. The fact that out of 35 prisoners 33 smoked cigar- ettes might seem to indicate some direct connection belwten v igai ettes and crime. And when it is announced on authority that most cigarettes are doped with opium, this connection is not hard to understand. The cigarette is to young boys very much like what whisky is to grown men. If it does not directly cause crime it at least accompanies it in nine cases out of ten. It mu.'t be universally admitted that the majority of young boys addicted to cigarettes are generally re- garded as bad b js. It is an addiction that does not ally itself w th the high virtues of manly youth. It leads to bad associations and bad enviiotiment. He must be a strange boy indeed who can derive moral and physical good from cigarettes. Ouium is like whisky — it creates an increasing ap- petite that grows with what it feeds upon. Even pure tobacco has the same tfftct The growing boy who lets tobacco and opium get a hold upon his sense*; is never long in coming under the domination of whisky too. Tobacco IS the boy's easiest and most direct road to whi.sky. When opium is added, the joung man's chance of resi.'-ting the combined forces aud escaping physical mental, and moial harm is slim indeed. It is a deadly combination in most cases. There are few, if any, cases in which it i^ not more or less harm- ful Stomach and nerves and will power weakened for life is the common result, even though the habits be finally mastered. May God be praised for the fact that President Koosevelt does not use tobacco in any form. His example here should be a beacon-light to the boys of the whole world. LOCAT. PROHIBITION IN TEXAS. We clip the following from the Independ- ent for Jan. 14 : Very interesting statistics of prohibition and crime are reported from Texas, where the local-option law assures that prohibition of thesaloonsshall be enacted only where it can be enforced \>y public sentiment. There are in that State 23 prohibition counties that have no convicts in the prnitentiary, and 9 with only 1 convict each In 3y prohibition counties there are only 23 convicts in all. -^an Jacinto County alone, with a population of 10,277 and the open saloon, has 25 convicts, and Montgomery, with open saloons and 17,067 population, has 21 convicts in the State prison ; and these are two poor counties in the piney woods. Collin County with 50 000 people and no i-aloons. has 20 convicts ; Lamar Couniy, with 48.1 00 and saloons, has yt). A large part of Texas has no saloons, and has one convict in 1500 of population, while the territory with saloons has one convict for every 500 of popula- tion. Such figures teach a lesson. I hope our readers will read the above over and over again, just as I have done ; and then I hope the whole United States, if not the rest of the world, will wake up to the tremendous moral it gives us. Why will any State, any county, any town, or any nation on the face of the earth, side with the wets with the above facts staring them in the face? It is not Texas alone that has made or is making the discovery. Every State and every community in the United States, or, you might say, in the world, must own up, if they are honest, that the lesson taught us in the above extract is a true one. No saloons, one convict in every 1500 population ; with saloons, one convict to every 500. Just now we are told by the Chicago Advance that the city of Chicago has the finest-equipped free hospi- tal in all the world, and the institution is already bearing good fruit. Our large cities are making great progress in ward- ing off contagious diseases, and in taking every precaution to save human health and life ; but when it comes to the whisky busi- ness, or even the cigarette business, our great men — at least a great part of them — seem to be suffering from a peculiar kind of paralysis. Our railway companies and factories are coming to life, and shaking oflf the paralysis — at least to some extent. What is the matter with our governors, may- ors, and policemen, and all the others who are looking after the welfare of the masses? KLICCTROPOISE, OXYDONOR, ETC., AGAIN. Mr. Root: — I am a more or less devoted student of physical culture, and take the magazine of that name. It was, therefore, with sorrow that 1 noted in a recent issue an advertisement by the Electropoise people. I immediately wrote to the publishers, calling their at- tention to these people, their ways, etc ; and as 1 know you to have been on the track of these felli.ws for a good many years, you will be doing humanity a good deed by furnishing all the information at your com- mand." The Electropoise people got $20.00 out of me some years ago before j'ou began showing them up, and all the benefit I derived was the experit nee. Hinchiuaii, Mich. E. A. Bo.^l. [Thanks for your "experience," friend Boal. I have sent the publishers of Physi- cal Culture some facts in regard to the mat- ter. Just now it is only once in a great while that Electropoise or Oxydonor finds a periodical that will accept their adver- tisement; and it behooves us all to make a protest whenever we meet with . ny rem- nant in regard to anj' of our home journals. Friend Boal, you did exactly the right thing.— A. I. R ] 1904' GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 141 NOTES or TRAVIHc CATALINA ISLAND. Everybody said, " O Mr. RootI you must not neglect going- over to Catalina Island, and taking a trip in the glass- bottom boats." When I asked more about it they only answered, " You go and see, and then write it up for us." I told you something about the crowd of seasick bee- keepers on the way over to the island, on the steamer. When Dr. Miller and I secured a glass-bottom boat and started out to see the wonders, we were both too seasick to feel very much enthusi- asm, especially in regard to the scenery at the bottom of the ocean. The glass- bottom boat does not differ very much from ordina- ry boats, only right along in the middle there is a big square box, and this box has a glass bottom to it. The sheet of glass is down as low as the lowest part of the boat, or pretty nearl}- as low. Of course, the boatman has to be very careful that a rock does not bump this sheet of glass, and not only cost him a whole lot of money, but per- haps send the whole crowd down among the fishes and "scenery." The railing around the box is just high enough so you can sit on a seat and lean over, looking down into a shallow well, as it were. When the waves are still, they are like a large looking-glass — there is no need of a glass bottom to the boat; but this glass bottom makes the surface of the water always qui- et; and whenever j'ou find it necessary to see clear down to the bottom of any clear piece of water, such arrangement will be a great help. When I was in Bermuda they took a com- mon wooden box and puttied a pane of glass over the bottom to make it water- tight. By holding this over the side of the boat one could see down into the water to a great depth. It simply quiets the rippling of the waves on the surface. With this explanation I will tell you what the doctor and I saw. All around Catalina Island there is a wonderful luxuriance of seaweeds. These aquatic plants that grow in the salt water are not only wonderful variations of the most beautiful fernlike foliage, but the col- ors are as gorgeous as the most lovely flow- ers; and some of these seaweeds are, I think, fully as large as ordinary apple- trees. Imag^ine yourself sailing right over the top of an apple-orchard in full bloom in May or June, and then anon imagine hun- dreds of other varieties of beautiful exotic plants waving in the breeze, with all the spaces between the plants filled with birds of the most georgeous plumage, and you have something a little like it. Instead of a breeze, however, through the tree- tops, it is currents of water that sway the branches more gracefully than the wind ever did; and instead of the birds it is fishes of won- derful brilliancy, of all colors of the rain- bow. There are gold and silver fish; there are sea-urchins and sea-reptiles; there are things you never dreamed of, and all seem to be in harmony. The fishes glide among the branches, and come right up close to the glass bottom. There are tiny fishes not larger than cucumber seeds; and there are some monsters which, if not exactly large enough to swallow you whole, frighten you with their cool indifference to your nearness. Some of you have, perhaps, looked over the pressed specimens of the wonderful sea- weeds gathered out of the salt water along Catalina Island. When we got ashore we had time, before the steamer left, to go through hurriedly a wonderful salt-water aquarium. This contains specimens of all the strange monsters we saw through the bottom of the boat, and a guide stood ready to answer all questions an inquisitive Yan- kee could ask him; and I tell you there are some wonderful things for us to learn about the fishes that live and move away down at the bottom of the sea. There are queer creatures that seem to live and thrive on the line that divides plant from animal life; and there are creatures so hideous that the memory of them might give you the night- mare— that is, if you are in the habit of having nightmare dreams. Before taking the trip back, the doctor and I decided we would try some dinner, as it was long past the regular dinner time. And here again we were agreeably sur- prised by having served to us a delicious fish like some we had seen through that glass-bottom boat; and in my case, at least, that dinner of fish " hit the spot " exactly, in spite of the seasickness that had been hanging around. Yes, I think it cured it for the time being. On the way back our experience was va- ried by a wonderful treat in the shape of fishes that not only skimmed the water be- low the surface, but, just for the fun of it, they occasionally skimmed the air above it. Several times they came so near the steam- er that one could almost catch the expres- sion of their eyes. So far as I could learn, these fish never flap their glossy wings while in the air. The passengers I ques- tioned thought the fish acquired sufficient momentum while in the water to get out into the air and sail about in most graceful curves, sometimes for almost or quite a min- ute at a time. This seems to me almost in- credible, for they often take a curve and go up a rod or mire above the surf ice, and then sail about like a hawk with its wings motionless. The brilliant crystal wings sparkle in the sunlight like mirrors; and while I enjoyed the sight so much I won- dered that more had not been written about them. We saw porpoises in abundance, and I think something that scmebody said was a shark; and it was my fortune once to see a whale blow his fountain of water; and I 142 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Ffb. 1 g'ot a little g-limpse of his great bulky body In fact, I was so highly entertained that I almost forgot to be seasick. I really fared better than seine of the bee-keepers who sat close by. Perhaps they would prefer not to have me mention their names in this con- ne tion, for peculiar reasons of their own. Now, when 3'ou go to California do not think of missing Catalina Island and the glass-bottom boats. THE SLOE plum; MORE ABOUT IT, BY E. C. GREEN, OF MEDINA, O. In Gleanings for Nov. 1 Mr Root gave a very inter- esting account of this plum, which is, as he said, one of our wild or native plums. As usual his estimate was not tar out of the way, for this is what J. W. Kerr, of Maryland, one of the leading authorities on the na- tive plum, says of it : " The provident housewife finds this type of fruit unsurpassed for culinary uses of the plum. In any form that the Damson satisfies cookery ambition, the" fruit of this group finds enduring favor. N< ui sightly black knot to enfeeble the trees ; no un- certainty about a crop. Twenty-five years of experi- ence leads me to look with about as much certainty to the annual production of a crop as to the coming and foing of the seaso' s : and the planter who omits them rom his family orchard is not living up to his license." The group which Mr. Kerr speaks of is known as the Wayland. to which the variety known locally as the sloe belongs This plum was brought to this county some thirty years ago by Mr E Triffit. from Illinois. Just how it got the name I do not know; but there is another plum not nearly as good, that has a prior claim to the name. I have seen the sloe in fruit for a number of years, and have had it fruiting in my own orchard for the past two years and there is no doubt that it is almost identical with the dark-red variety of the Wayland group which I have seen fruiting in the orchards of the Ohio experiment station. The Wayland group of plums is among the mo«t vigorous and productive of our naive plums The fruit varies from a light yellow to a dark red Nearly all the varieties are late in sea- son. It may have been sold as the " Jspan plum," as Mr Root said ; but the real Jaoan plum is a distinct species of which a large number of varieties have been introduced in the past thirty years But our na- tive plum i> an exceedingly interesting fruit, which varies greatly in growth and fruit So gre.Ht is their varation that the\ have been successfully hybridized with the peach on one hand and on the other with the cherry. E. C. Green. It is true there may be some who think our large cultivated varieties may be far ahead of this smaller-sized though hand- some plum; but when we consider that it is absolutely proof (or at least it is here in our locality) against curculio, rot, and every thing else, so far as I know — is a rank grower, bears every year — I think we can afford to have a tree or two. It has, too, a peculiar wild flavor that to me is more enticing than any other plum in the world. Very likely it is largely owing to the fact that a wild plum-tree grew near my boyhood home, producing plums very much like the sloe plum. Every time I taste it, it makes me feel like being a boy again. PUGET SOUND Cabbage and Cauliflower Seed IS unequaled! There is only one part of the United States where cauliflower and cabbage seed can be grown successfully. This is the Ptx^et iSouxid district. It is the equal of any European district; and this, combined with the superiority of Amer- ican methods, makes PUGET SOUND SEEDS the best in the world. This strain of seed is highly praised by practical gardeners and EXPERIMENT STATIONS. ILLINOIS. Ag. Ex. Station Urbana, 111. Messrs H A March & Co.: I consider it superior to imported seed. J. C. Blaik, Horticulturist. OHIO. Ohio Ag. Ex. Station, Wooster, O. H. A. March T consider your cauliflower seed as equal to THE VERY BEST in the market, and as long as you keep it up to its present standard, I shall not hes tate to recommend it. W. J Green, Horticulturist. MAINE. Maine Ag. Ex. Station, Orona, Me. H. A March & Co.: The plants from the seed you sent com- pare very favorably with those of imported stock. W. H. Mi'NSON, Horticulturist. OREOGN. If you can raise such seed as you sent to us, on Puget Sound, there will be no more call for imported seed. Geo. Coote, State Ag. Col., Corvallas, Ore. niNNESOTA. University of Minn , Ag Ex. Station. H. A. March: — It seems almost superfluous for me to add that I have very much faith in the value of Puget Sound cauliflower and cabbage seed, since, as you know several years ago I made quite a trial, and gave you a veiy favorable report. Sami el B. Green, Horticulturist. The seed we offer is grown by Mr. March, and is hi best stock seed from selected heads. It costs us three times as much as the ordinary commer- cial grade, and^i'OM but little more than the usual prices. Select, Very Earlv Jersey Wakefield Cabbage, per pkt., 5 cts ; oz., '20 cts.; % lb., 90 cts ; per lb., prepaid, f'2 50. Mattituck Erfurt ('mproved Snowball), per pkt., 10 cts.: Yi oz., 30 cts.; H oz., 50 cts.; oz.,$1.75 Send for our complete catalog of Vegetable Seeds. E. G. GREEN & SON (Successors to .'\. I. Root Company), MEDINA, OHIO. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 143 A Guarantee That Guarantees. We (lesiie to call special attemion to the guaiaii tee niaiie poultry raisers by the Cyphers IncubatDi Co., Butlalo, N. Y. They warrant their incuba tors for ten years, and guaran- tee tliat they will hatch a larger percentage of fertile esKS and produce more vigorous chicks than any other incubator in the world, at the same time con- suming less oil and requiring less attention. As the guarantee is backed by a large and responsible company, it certainly means something to our readers. They agree to refund thepLTchase price incase the purchaser does not get satisfactory re- sults. The Cyphers incubator, as is now well known, is constructed on a patented principle en- tirely different from any other machine on the market; it is absolutely self-ventilating, self-regu- lating, reiiuires no supplied moisture, is automatic in action and has the most sensi- tive find accurate regulator made. Proof positive of its worth is found in the unequivocal testimony of those who know all about the 'poultry business, the Government Experiment Stations and the larg- est and most successful poultry plants in the land. The company carries a full line of "poulti yman's necessities," balanced-ration poultry foods, clover products, standard remedies and supplies of all kinds, specially prepared for the poultryman who wants to make money. They will send their new complete catalogue for 1%4 free if you tell them that you are one of our readers. CATALOG FREE! BAR. and W. PI,Y ROCKS, W. WY- ANDOTTES B. MINORCAS, LANG SHANS LT. BKAHMAS, W. and BUFF LEGHORNS, HOUDAN5. As f:ood as you pay doubli- for or vour money bick W.W. SHAMPftNORE, Box D. Little Silver, N.J. FREE! I EARN more about the great *-* 1 ouUry industry. They make money while yon sleep, and will live on what you throw awav. Our paper tells how to make money on poul- try, eggrs, and incubators. Ask for sample copy now- it is free. Inland Poultry Journal, ■10 Cord Bid. Indianapolis, Ind. 450,000 aoo var iei ICO. Also G rapes, ^mall t ruiiseii-'.ljest i ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample curr.ants mailed for 10c. Desc. pries list free. LEWIS UOEstU, Fredunia, N. If. SI strawberry Offer For one dollar I will semi and prepay these choice new vmietie-: la Climax, 12 Early Hathaway. 12 Challenge, 12 Lyon. Nilcc-t plants. 1 grow strnwiierricscxchisivelvand ttiev lend the Willi. i. I'.eaiitiliil lllus- Tinte I Strawberry Catalog Free. W. F. AlIcA Salisbury. Md. For the sake of your face, use only Williams' Shaving Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet " How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co,, Glastonbury, Ct. TI:ere are no a^rents' misrepresentations or i;u;josiciuiis ..!...;'.; :'■ Vi'y of us. Weemploy loue you lee none. Weaie respoiisiuledirtctto 1. Our stock has the vi^or, heilih and Iruiting quality whirh comes froju raret'ul ixroum;^ People who have been buying Sweet's Genesee Valley I shrubs, vines. etc. for "5 years say we treat them right. We make ri^ht fiUin',- of orders a porsoiial niaiter. That's something. We encourage nei,-hbors to join in sending orders and get the benefit of club rates and low freights. We recognize that our long dis- e trading depends on our pleasing pntroi You are invitei to investigate. Our catalog always free. Write for it today Established ISOO. I GEO. A. SWEET NURSERY CO., 12 Maple St., Dansvllle, N. Y. "Once Grown Always Grown" The Maule motto lor more than 25 years. JNIy new SEED BOOK for 1904 Cost over J'^OOO to publish. If you have a garden you ran hive a co-^y for the asking. Send a postal for it to Wm. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa. Sloe Plum Rarely offered by the traHe Stock very limited Or- der before too late. Price lor .'spring delivery, 3 to -4 foot trees. 50^- each. In lots of 5 or more, 40c each. G-aft ng wood, post- paia, per foot lOc: •'! ft 2.jc; 10 ft. 75c. £. C. Green (SL Son, Medina, O. 144 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 ■pot e40»' ..-^^^V^ .-%^^ VJ^ .^-..^-■^ «• ANOTHER GREAT VICTORY for Grinim sap-spoutsand sugar-utensils. Firs prize in the Veimont Maple-Sugar Makers' Association at Burlington Vt., Jan 5 1904 ;: :: :: :: :: ;: :: :: :: :: :: :: C. J. Bell, George H. Soule, P. B. B Northrop, and W. G. Otis own the larg- est maple groves in Vermont, and have equipped their entire bush with Grimm sp uts You run no risk. They iried it and other makes la.st season. One fourth more sap is guaranteed without iuiurv to vour trees. Samples and S3Stem for tapping FREE. G. H. GRIMM, RUTLAND, VT. DCIinU TDCCC Fine, stocky, hardy, i^rown on the bank of Lake rCRUn I llCCd [irie, two milestroni any peach orchards, free of borers and all other diseases, l^arge slock oi A |>|>»e, J'eur, Flum, Clierry, etc. Headquarters f.ir OriiaiueMlul 'rrees, Mirut>!«, PlaiilK, Viue!», J5ulbs, S>ee«is. 40 acres hardy Roses, iuclnding 45,000 of the famous <-;riinsoii SSuinblei-, 44 i;reeu!iou?es of i»almj>, Fi-riis. Ficii!*, Hoses, Geraniums, eU-. Mail size p.nstpaid, larsrcr by express or freight, safe arrival and satisfaction cuaracieed. Direct deal will insure yon the best aiK! save yon money. Try u:i. Valuable cata- logue free. Corrpspondence si>Hciti'i!. .'idvcir-. 1000 ai-rcs. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., Box 143, PAINESVILLE. OHIO. LARGEST Oover, Grasses, Timothy and Fodder Plant Seed Growers in the U.S. Operate over 5000 acres. FOR 8 CENTS and the name of this paper we will mail, free, samples of (Mover, (irasses, Forider I'laiits, etc- , together with maiunioth 140 pasre tSred C'Htaloeue, well wortli .^KK) to every wide awake farmer. Send to.duy. F. 04. john a.salzei? Seed Co. ^ )IaCrosse,Wis.( EDUCATED TREES BRED FOR BEARING TRUE TO NAME because all our Buds are cut from our own " Fruit Belt" Bearing Trees. Illustrated Catalog free. West Michigan Nurseries, Box 63, BENTON HARBOR, MICH. gOOD SEEDS Make Good Gardens Seeds that give perfect sat- isfaction in every State, Territory and Possession of the United States and all parts of the World must be the very b'St. That is our record for last year— a hard year on crops. Our 1904 catalogue tells nil about our guaranteed seeds—the only kind it pays to plant. Everything: for the farm and parden and every- thing the best. Write for it now; it is free. ZIMMERMAN SEED CO. Dipt. 33 Top°ka, Ksnsis 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 145 BURPEE Farm Annual "Tin-: 1.i-:auini; Amf'rican Skhp C'a lALOuri;," is now more "a luader " than ever before. Thorou.nlily rex isni and grealU iin|uo\ed, it tells not only the Plain Truth about seeds, but has also many new features for 1904. An elegant book of 17S pages, it contains hundreds of illustrations from nature and six superb lithographic colored plates. It shows in natural colors thirteen " true and tried " new N'esjelables of sterling merit, tliree new Nasturtiums (of a distinct type), and seven Superb Sweet Peas, — all painted from nature, by New \ork's leading artist, at our famous Fordhook Farms. It presents also twenty-one faithful photogravities of America's Largest Mail-order Seed Trade, — views in both town and country. Altogether it is pronounced the Best Seed Catalogue Ever Published A nil |#'c Ffpp ▼ provided you will ask for it no7t'. It will cost YOU one cent to 11 J 1 %Xj%j • ,„aji your address on a postal card to us. It will cost us four cents postage— plus eight cents lor the catalogue, — just twelve cents to respond to your request. We are willing to bear this risk— twelve for one I ^S" If you will only read BURPEE'S FARM ANNUAL for 1904 we feel quite sure that you will favor us with at least a trial order, and this is all we ask, as Burpee's Seeds will tell their own story in your garden and fields. Better send for this catalogue to=day ! One cent spent by you insures twelve cents spent by us, and this should be sufficient to convince you that we have /rt?V/i in Burpee's Sheds and also in our ability to persuade you to try Burpee's Seeds, if you will only read Burpee's Farm Annual. Are you willing to spend that cent? Shall we hear from >c>u ? If not. You will miss an opportunity to become acquainted with the very BEST SEEDS that can be grown ! W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelph For the Future It isn't for a day— nor a week— nor a year that you buy a bng?y. When you put good money into a buguy you want one that will last for years. We are bulding buggies for tli« fuiurt — for jour future and ours. Your neighbors and friends will want our bngEies in years to come, when they Bee how laoting, durable and strong we have made yours. It pays us to be honest and to make honest bugt;ies. Our offer to the buggy buyeroof 1904 is a celebrated Split Hickory S Special^""- 50 BUGGY For Only Made of Split Hickory— not sawed —guaranteed for 3 Ycaraand g;ooA for 20 — the hand- somest, strongest, mo.^t stylish top buggy you ever saw. and well worth $76. W e make this vehicle to your order — make it for you. No dealer or at-entciin buy one a cent cheaper than you can. Thai's your advantage. We lurtheimore ship the buggy to you on 30 DAYS FREE TRIAL to have you give it a thorough test and trial before you call it yours. We want to tell you all about this buggy and our piau for supplying you with one direct from our factory. There's a large picture and full description of the buggy in our Free ISO-page Catalogue (if Split Hickory Vehicles and Harness. Send for that today. Kote! We carry a full line of high- i^rade Harness, sold direct to the user at wholesale prices. THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO., (H. C. Phelps, President) 2220 Sixth St., Cincinnati, 0. \ Frtiit-^rowers read the best fruit-paper. SHND TEN CEXT.S and the names and addresses of ten good fruit growers to JfOUXHERN FRUIT ———^^—^^-^—^^^^-^-^^ GRO'WER.i Chattanooga, for six months' trial subscription. Regular price .50 cents. Best authority on fruit-growing. Satnple free if you mention this paper. J 146 GLEANINGS IN BEE CUL'IURE. Fkb. 1 DnVAl INCUBATORS fill I HL3G Days Free Trial an incubator er seen '^rlcos Right. I not send it on trial. Send for trial orter. Incubator and Poul- I try Catalogue free, with poultry I paper one year 10 cents. ' Royal Incubator Co., Dept. B03i Das MolneSi la. OUT-HaiGH-ONE TRE&L Any one with common care can get a hi;-;h per cent of cliicks the first time when fertile eggs are put in a Sure Hatch Incubator. Sure regulator — even hen temperature— no guess at ventilation — clean, pure air for eggs and chicles. Send for free catalogue C-10 that tells of improvements and other conveniences. SURE HAT:H incubator CO CLy Center, Neb., or Indianapclis, l:d, Never Disappoints When you put egg8— fertile esgs into Ormas Incubators you are never disappointed with the I results. Not only hatches them all; but hatches chicks that are strong, lively and vigorous. Guaranteed. The cheap- est, good incubator made. Catalog Free. I. A. BANTA. LIGONIER. IISDIANA GRANDEST FEATURE- "The removable chick tray is the grandest feature an incubatorcan have." Mr.Ellison, Poultry Judge, said that about the GEM INCUBATOR Itisaconvenientincubator. Easyto clean, simple to understand. Gives no trouble. Write for free catalog. GEM INCUBATOR COMPANY, Box 53, Dayton, Ohio TRY AH I J. W. Miller's incubator — made by the man who knows. It is really self-regulating. 30 DAYS FREE TRIAL Weget no money until you are per- fectly satisfied. Poultry Book Free. J. W. MILLEK CO., Box 4S, Freeport, III. ^ iJ>ouUry supplies and thoroughbred forwls^^ \ ;M;<^^:i^:kfiyA-i F. W. MANN CO. MihU-I Bono Cuttt Q pr. iniafS ti.at i t turiii ciuier ant lanvottior. Catalogue free. B3X 37 . MILFORD, MASS FEATHERS VENTILATE BEST a.H- The hen supplies air and I moisture to eggs thro her feathers. Feather Incu- bator walls are made of leathers — that's why it's an ideal hatcher. Free catalogue tells all about this remarkable machine. .Write at once to Zimmer IncubatorOo. Dept. 1» « Ft. Wayne, Imd. CYPHERS' MODEL INCUBATORS "Model" is the name that should be on the Incubator and Brooder you buy this season. Why? They're made by Cyphers— the man who has built the most successful, world-famous hatchers. The free catalog will interest you. Write for it now and It^arn liow to make mo'pev. CHAS. A. CYPHERS, 39-47 HENRY ST.. BUFFALO, NEW YORK THE SUCCESSFUL >ame of the best Incubator and Brooder male It'B not a chance. They're right in principle, wo ' nctit Requi least attentiou and gi\e best r,g uniel all Elate or lers promptly filled from Buffal louse. Inru- batorCata 'free wi b Prullry ( a ah g lOcts. Des Moines Incubator Co. Dept. 603, Oas Moines, la. 382 FIRST PRIZES AWARDED PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATORS AND Bi^OCDERS The United States Government I continues to use them exclu- sively; also the largest poultry I and duck breeders. Oiircatalo;? I wiUinterestyou, Sendforone. [Prairie State Incubntor Oo.| i Homes' CItv, Pa. IT IS A FACT it poultry pays a larger profit • tile money invested than any other business; that anybody may make a success of it without long training or previous experience; thattheReHable Incubators and Kroodero will give the best results in all cases. Our 80th Century Poultry Book tells just why, and a hundred other tilings you ehould know. We mail the book for 10 cents. Write to-day. We have 115 yards of thoroughbred poultry. lELIABLE INCUBATOR & BROODER CO., Boi B-49 Quinci, HL I A. 80 For ^ 200 Egg INCUBATOR Perfect in construction fiiii action. Hatches every fertil'j egg. Write for catalog to-tlav, GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy. III. 100 ^ HATCHES Our new catalogue contains hundreds of them obtained br IJUOKEYE IXCUBATOIJ users in all parts of the U. S. Send for a copy and read the proof. It is free. Buckeye incubator Co., Box 64, Springfield, O. Fthous£nd dollar egg —.a touching story of devotion telling how Mandy paid the mortf^a^re and saved the farm Tells how to make money from poultry. Also Eggiecord and Calendar for 1904. Mailed free. fico. II. Lee Co., Omaha, Neb. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 147 WHY IT'S RQUND Wlin ever saw a sqiiaro hen's nest? Wo imitate Kal nrc's way in the "Iowa Kdund Incubator." As result, there arc no half heated corners— suporlie.iieii eentre draughts— no chiUinR or overheating egKS. Bu.v a Hound liu'ulMtor. the Iowa, and get big per cent hatches. Directions simple. Ask now for free illustrated catalogue. IOWA INCUBATOR CO., Box 197, Des Moines, la. SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps SPRAY PUMPS Valve Double-actlnR.Lift, Tank and Spray PUMPS l^^-jM Store Ladders. Etc. ofallkJnt's. Write for Circulars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel roUerbehrings, ea'^y to push and to pull, cannot be thrown off the track — hence its name — "Stayon." Write tor de- scriptive circular and prices- Exclusive agency given to right party who will buv in quantity. — F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland, • Ohio. «iif'i)!iiiriwww'w» lammond's Sensation Potato Produced $1000.00 per acre last year. The EARLIEST POTATO IN THE WORLD. Moit delicious in qual- ity, heaviest yielder known. Ready for market in si.x weeks. Elegant 100-paj:e Bargain Seed Catalog Free. HARRY N. HAMMOND SEED CO., Ltd., Box 69 Bay City. Mich. Hardy sorts, Nursery prown, for wind- bri aks ornament and hcdpes. Prepaid. $1 to $10 (ler KlO-r.O Great Bareains toFclect from Write at once for f i-eo Catalogue and Bargain Sheet. Lnciil Agents wHnted. D.Hill,|p:craT:?.Dun(Jee,lll. BEAUTIFUL PICTURE In Colors FKKE with a pie Copy of Kancier's Gazette, the mo3t instructive p>w to make nn'ney out of the irreategt industry in the world. A'so l.-arn a''out our $l.'i.O()0 W.irld's Fair prize er. Send u9 your name on a postal card. Fanoier's Oazetto Co, B^ Pulverizing HARROW Clod (Lrus^er 2nd Leveler f^gen's Wanted. The best pulvei Ml 7 - ' inil ( hcai t t Riding Harrow on enitii 'W ( hNii makewallcingAci The Acme cruFhes cuts, pulvrr- izes. turns and levels all si'ils for all Mirposps. Made if cist steel a"d wrou-ht iron— Indestructible. 9an# AM TwS<«l 1o beretnrned at dt expenfeif asni \m I rial not satisfactory Catalog aiKl bo')klet"An Ideal Harrow" by Henry i-'tewart mailed fr^e, 1 deliver f.o b. New Vork, Cliic:ii'0. lolnmbus, Louis- ville, Kansas Cit.r, Dlinneapnlls, San Fr-miUeo. DUANE H. NASH, Sole Mfr., Mllllngton.N. J. "ranch Hmises: 110 Washimrton St., Chicnfo 240-544 7th Ave. South. Minneanolis. 131(i W S-h Street KatijasCitv. 1^15 E. Jefferson St., l.oiiiiT'.l'e. Kv. fir. WTern,.d W.Oiv s., Oi'iirnhM. , 0 i-tiJiASE MEJSTIOM THIS PAPER. SCRAWNY CHI CKS lack snfBcient Dourishraent. Fatten them — make them healthy— feed them Mrs. Pinkerton's Chick Food. It prevents bow- el trouble. It's all food — easily digested. Write forcatalog of prize birds at St. Louis and Chicago 1903 Shows. Gives prices and valuable information. Anna L. Pinkerfon Company, Box 2? . Hasiing^ Neb. POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. S2 TO 6t PAGES. The 20th Century Poiilfry Magazine Beautifully illustrated. 50c yr. , shows readers htiw lo succeed \\ ith i*« ultry. Special Introductory Offer. 3ytars60cts; lyear2.Jctf; 4 months tiiiiiiocts. Siampsacceptf d. Sample cory free. H8 page illustrateo practical juiti V book free to yearly pubscribers. atalogue of poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co., sprLgfieid. o. Make Your Own Fertilizer at Small Co3t with Wilson's Phosphab ^iils '^ From 1 to 40 II. P. Also Unne Cut- 'Jl I ters, liaiiil anil Jiowcr, tor the poul- ■^'='-' tryiiieii; i'^irm .'oe 1 slilU, «ra. liain r lour Iliin-I MiUft. (;ritand (Slifll Mills, .^end fon-atalo^'iip. \VIL>0.\ ISKO.'*.. fi^ie ... Vs., Kastuii, l*u. 148 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 ' Our Specialty for over 30 Years has been the Manufacture of all Kinds of BEEKEEPERS' SUPPLIES Including Bee-Hives and Frames, Section Honey-Boxes, Shipping-Cases, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee-Smokers, Bee-Comb Foundation, Comb-Foundation Machines, Comb- Foundation Fasteners, Perforated Queen-Excluders, etc. In fact, a full line of every thing required by bee-keepers. The superior excellence of these goods is such that they have a world- wide reputation, and dealers handling them generally say: "ROOT'S GOODS at ROOT'S PRICES" Catalog ifor 1904. 93d Edition.— Our Catalog is full of valuable information, and is ready for mailing. Apply at once to the nearest agent or branch house, or to the home office. We send it free to all applicants. Gieaniogs in Bee Oulttire. — If you will give us the names and addresses of ten or more bee-keepers we will send you in addition, if you request it, our 44-page semi-monthly journal, Gleanings in Bee Culture, for 3 months free. Price $1.00 per year. /kg^eEits^^ Because of the great demand for Root's Goods we have established agencies all over the United States and in many foreign countries. Some of the more important are mentioned below. M. H Hunt & Son, Bell Branch. Wavne Co., Mich. Geo. E. llilion, Fremont, Newaygo Co., Mich C. H. W. Weber, 2146 Central Av.. Cincinnati, O. Walter S. Ponder, Indianapolis, Ind. Vickery Rros., Evansville, Ind. Joseph Nysewander, I)es Moines, Iowa. John Nebel & Son, Hi^h Hill, Blonfg. Co., Missouri. Rawlings Implement Co., Baltimore, Md. Prothero & Arnold. DuBois, Clearfield Co., Pa. K. H. Farmer, 182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass. Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co., Kansas. Griggs Brothers, Toledo, Ohio. ly. A. Watkins JIdse Co., Denver, Colorado. A. F. McAdanis, Columbus Grove, Ohio. K Grainger & Co., Torunto, Ont. Nelaon Bros. Fruit Co., Delta, Colo. In addition to the above mentioned we have hundreds of others who handle our goods in large or small lots, some of them handling specialties only, like Root's Cowan Extractor, Root's Weed Comb Foundation, etc. When you want standard Bee Supplies place your order with any of the agents or branch houses mentioned on this page, or write our home office for name of agent nearest you. THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY MaLin Office aiid "WorKs, Medina, Ohio, U. S. A, •BRANCHES- CHTCAGO, ILL , 144 East Erie Street. PHILADELPHIA, fA., 10 Vine Street. SYRACUSE, N. Y. MECHANIC FALLS, HE. ST P.\rL. MINN.. 1024 Miss. St. .s.\N ANTONIO, TEXAS, 4^,8 W. Houston St. WASHINGTON, D. C, 1 100 Md. Av., S. W. HAVANA, CUBA, San Ignacio 17. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 149 Bee Supplies DON'T WAIT any LONGER to Buy. BIG DISCOUNTS for Orders Now. Write to us to day and say what you want and get our prices. New Catalog- \v\]\ soon be out. It is free. We also handle HOOSIER INCUBATORS AND BROODERS. O. IVI. Soo-tib & ComiDanv, Dept. C. I004 E. Wash Street, INDIANAPOLIS. IND. The Best Bee=goods in the World are no better than those we make, and the chances are that they are not so good. If you buy of us Yon will not be Disappointed. We are undersold by no one. Send for new catalog and price list and free copy of THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its thir- teenth year; 50 cts. a year; especially for beginners. The W. T. Falconer Man'f'g Co., Jamestown, N. Y. W. M. Gerrish, Epping, New Hampshire, carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save the freight. Kretchmer Manfc. Co. Box60, RED OAK. IOWA. 3 per cent Discount during January. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large sto-k and greatest vari- ' ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- 'suring BEST gr ods at the LOWEST prices, land prompt shipment We want every h<-e k>^eper to have our FREE ILLUSTRA.T- I ED CATALOG, and read description of I Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. 'm-ll^RITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. I Trester Supply Company. Lincoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren, Council BhifTs, Iowa. Chas. .\. Meyers, Leipsic, Ohio. 150 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted anrier this head at 15 cts. per line Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, ant you must SAT you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our rtgular rates. This department is intended only for bona-hde ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices otfering articles for sale, will b" oharg ^d our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We Can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w ANTED.— Second-hand L- 10 frame hives. S. C. Junks, Alplaus, N. Y. yVANTFD — To stU or exchange, new feed-mill, cob- '* crusher, etc., for alfalfa and clover se.d, bees and supplies, or will take bees on shares. J F. KuNS.MAN, Lower Saucon, Pa. Y^ANTED — To exchange Italian queens for incuba- '^' tors. Must be in good condition. L,et me know what you have. J. F Michael, Rt. No. 1. Wmche-ster, Ind. \T^ANTHD.— A partner in the bee business in a terri- '" tory that will support 5000 colonies ; have 900 col- onies to start with. A. B. Marchant, Marchant, Fla. Y^ANTED. — A position as book keeper ; have had '" some experience in bee-k> eping ; wages expected, 810 per month. Gernal Slawson Valparaiso. Ind. Room 40. Coml Hall Y^ANTED. — Steadv position by young man, 21, in " apiary Will also do other work. Want to learn the bee businc-s. Hav- had .some expi-rience. State wages you can pay. Correspondence .solicited. F. L. RiGGS. 7 Spring St . Na-hua, N. H. w w ANTED — A man who is able to take full charge of an apiary, and manage it successfully. James McNeil, Hudson, N. Y. ANTED. — Catalogs of bee siipolies S. G. KiLGORE, I,ondon, O. VVANTED. A competent bee man Must be sober ' "^ and industrious. I will pay good wages for such a man. J. F. Aitken, Reno, Nevada. w w ANTED — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping can, for honey. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. AN I'ED. — S cond hand or new dovetailed hives. Slate what von have, and lowest price. H. C. Daggert, R. F D. No. 1, Mt. Carroll, 111. \VHO WANTS to get my 30 years' experience with '' bees in 7 months? I prefer a farm-raised hand, and will want him to work on the farm when there is no bee-work Must be familiar with bees. Al.-o 220 colonies to let on shires: ^ for box honey. Give experience, and wagts wanted W. L. COGGSHALL, Groton. N. Y. Y^ANTF.D. — To sell Victor incubator and brooder. Good as new, used only one time. 810. CO for the outfit. < T will exchange for comb honey in 2-1 lb. cases, or offers. E- T. i-LANAGAN, R. F. D No. 2, Belleville, 111. w ANTED.— Assistant apiarist. State qualifications and wages. W Hickox. Berthoud, Colo. w ANTED — .An experienced man to work with bees. (.heek & Wallinger. L,as Animas, Colo. \VANTED.— A Barnes machine with cutterheads, to '' cut from ^ inch to 1^ in.: two r2-in. faws, 1 rip, 1 cut-off. G. C. Carter. Freshwater, Va. w ANTED — I,, combs for cash or 10-frame fence su- pers. Supeis for sale cheap. F. W. IvESSEr, Johnstown, N. Y. Addresses Wanted. ANTED. Addressts of parties interested in poul- try supplies. Griggs Bros 523 Monroe St., Toledo, O. w w ANTED.— Addresses < f bte keepers who u-e chaff hives. Geo E Hilto.v, Fremont, Mich. \V.\NTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the '' truth about it hv subscribing for the H - Italians in Dovetailed hives, in best white-clovet prt of Min- nesota (also basswoodandgoldenrod); to & buyer of the lot colonies at $1.00 and accessories at one-half list price; combs 20c a square foot. X Y Z, Gleanings. Slate Hive Covers — I will furnish most durable and perfect slate hivf-covers. 17x21 inches, at ?15 ( 0 per 100. 13x21 inches, 113 00 per 100 In lots of 20, 16 and 14 cts. each. Large lots at special prices. B F. AvERiLL, Howardsville, Pa. BARGAINS IN PLANTS AND TREES worth double the money, by mail postpaid. 200 Marie Strawberry $1 00 | 20 Wilder Currants 100 Kinp Raspberry 1 00 mo Ea. King Blackberry 1 00 100 Ohmer '■ 1 CO 20 Ni.i!;rara Grapes 1 00 20 Worden " 1 00 kO Fay 20 Klberta Peach 10 Pear assorted 10 Cherry assorted 15 Apples (1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 I 00 1 00 Everything for the fruit grower best varieties cheap. Free catalog of great bar'Tains— 3 new strawberry plants free for 6 names of fruit growers and 2c stamp W. N. SCARFF, NEW CARLISLE, OHIO 4000,000 PEACH=TREES^ TENNESSEE WHOLESALE NURSERIES. June Buds a Specialty. No agents traveled, but sell direct to planters at wholesale prices. Absolutely free from diseases, and true to name. Write us for catalog and prices before placing your order elsewhere. We guarantee our stock to be true to name. Largest peach nursery in the world. Address J. C. HALE. Winchester. Tenn. FENCE! STROMGEST MADE. BuU strong, Chlcken- Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale Prlcen. Fully Warranted. Catalog Free. COILED SPRINO FENCE CO. Box lui, Winchester, Indiana, D. S. A. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 151 Walter S. Pouder. Established 1889. ^^ Bee= keepers' Supplies. LTERS. POUDER, >!i * ^ '5» Distributor of Root's Goods from the best shipping "^ ^r point in the Country. My prices are at all times ^ ^i identical with those of the A. I. Root Co. , and I can -^ ^ save you money by way of transportation charges. ^ i ^ X Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb J '^^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee X X Smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, X ^ and, in fact, everything used by Bee-keepers ^ ^ Headquarters in the West for the Danzenbaker Hive which ^ Vt? is so rapidly g-ainiag in popularity among- our most successful "^ iti, comb- honey producers. Investigate its merits. ^ ■^ No order too small, and none too larsre. " Satisfaction g^uar- ^ ^ aateed " goes with every shipment. A pleased customer is the ^ ',* best advertisement that my business has ever had. Remember ^ »I* that it is always a pleasure to respond promptly to any comma- '^ y,^. nication pertaining to the bee or honey industry. ^ VK Beeswax Wanted. -=I pay highest market price for beeswax, ^ ;l\ delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make small ship- ^ ['^] ments by express; large shipments by freight, always being- ^ v;» sure to attach your name on the package. "^ 'Xi Take Notice.— -Finest Comb and Extracted Honey on hand at all ^ *»i»* timts. I handle several carloads during a season, and if your ^^ i:\ local demand exceeds your supply I can furnish you promptly, ^ ,^, and at prices that will justify you in handling it. If interested ^ "i'i^ write for my special price list of honey. ^ •:*;♦ ^ X ^y Illustrated Catalog is mailed free to every applicant. Ad- Cv '•,* dress j'our communications to 7^ 513=515 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^ lH|rr>^^::^^^e^-;l^^^^^^^^^^^^^^i|i^-^^^^ m^mw: 152 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Ff.b. 1 An editorial in reply to Mr. Hutchinson's article in the Review on the subject of home-made vs. factory- made hives was crowded out for lack of room. It will appear in our next issue. For the present I will say that, on the same quality of lumber and the same equip- ment, the manufacturer can compete with home-made prices. FEBRUARY DISCOUNT 2 PER CENT. The discount for cash orders this month is two per cent. After this monlh, no discount. MAPLE-SUGAR MAKERS' SUPPLIES. We are prepared to furnish buckets shipped direct from factory at Toledo, Ohio, or from W< .stern New York Prices on application. Record .'pouts from here. $1 00 per 100 : |9 00 per 1000 ; quart cans, at a spe- cial price to reduce present stock, $5 50 per 100; $oO per 1000 : i^-gallon cans, $8 50 per 100 ; 1 gallon cans, $10 50 per 100. These are special prices, just for the sugar- making sea.son only, to those ordering fropi this notice and mentioning the same in the order. BUSINESS BOOMING. Orders continue to crowd us to the extreme. Al- though we have shipped to our dealers and agents so far thisyeir fifteen cais more than we had up to the same date last year, we are over thirty cars behind on orrfers. In the five days of this week we have received crders for eight carloads, and have shipped four. Some of our friends will need to exercise considerable patience before they receive all of the goods for which we have order.s entered. Small shipments are go'ng out with reasonable promptne.'-s, and we are trying to send the carloads where they are needed most first. Manj' of the orders are very much in ad- vance of any former year anticipating spring business. The demand for goods from users is in excess of for- mer years, many taking advantage of early order dis- counts. We hear from other manufacturers that they are also crowded with orders. EXTRACTED HONEY. We keep on hand a large stock of extracted honey from different sources, and are prepared to supply at the prices shown below. The following flavors are usually in stock. PACKAGES. By far the largest part of our honey comes put up in the to lb. square tin cans, two cans in a case. We al.so get some in kegs and barrels We agree to furnish it only in such packagfs as we happen to have. Unless \ ou find price quotrd for different packages, it is understood that we furnish only in 5-gallon and 1- gallon cans. PRICES. — F. O. B. MEDINA, CHICAGO, OR PHILADELPHIA o w . a " >=< a > m o 2 , <* Kind. MS C 0 «3 a SI v2 K CO 0 O t» - * a a o til o a a -hel ; >4 bushel, $4.75; peck, $2,50; 1 lb.. IH cts.; by mail, 28 cts. All the above are strictly first-class. SWEET CLOVER (YELLOW OR ^VHITE). We have on hand a large supply of these clover seeds. Prices as follows: 1 lb. Sweet Clover, white 12 (hulled).... 20 " " yellow 20 If sent by mail add 10c per lb. to these prices. JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT. Trial packet. 4 ounces, hv mail, postpaid. 5c; 1 lb. by mail postpaid, 15c ; perk, 85c ; 14 liushel. 65c : bushel, $1 25; 2 bushels, |2.2o. These prices include bag to ship it in. Prices and descriptions of all honey-plant seeds mailed free on application. 10 lbs. 100 lbs $1.00 $ 8.00 170 15.00 1.70 15.00 Greider's Fine Catalog of Prize-Wioniog Poultry for 1904. This book is printed in different col- ors. Contains a Fine Clironio of life iko fowls suitable for iram- Ing. It illuslra es an. I describes 60 varieties of poultry, ducks, gees-, etc. It shows best equ p- Eed poultry yard? and houses— how to build ouses ;cure for diseases ; Best Lice Destroyer how to make liens lay ; poultr.v supplies and such Inform:! 1 ion a-i is of iiuich u e to all nhok ep chickens. Prces of etr^'sand stock wit' in reacti ofi.U. Send 10 cents lor this noted book. r U. II. GKEIDElt, RHEEArs. PA. SWARTHMORE Qtieen-Rearing* Otitflts In successful use for over three years; highly recommended Full explanation of cup-com- pie-;sors. wooden cups, nurseries, cell-bars, fer- tilizing boxes introducing cages, with direc- tions, free. Queens fiom six-band Italian stock, $1 each. E. L. PRATT, The Swarthmore Apiaries, Swarthmore, Pa. For Sale. — My apiary outfit cons'sting of Dove- tailed hive bodies filled with frames of comb: honey and wax extractors, comb-buckets, and other fixtures. Will fill orders as received until sold. Sawmill well located almost new. Al>o good farm well located. All for sale cheap. B. J. Cross, Auburn, Alabama. Wanted. — A position as assistant apiarist, by a young man have had three jears' experience ; can furnihh reference. State wages. P. Rasmussen, Box 88, Bellaire. Mich. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1S3 ^'111 11 1 1 ijii 11 1 1 iTi'i III rill 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 j n 11 11 li ji ruin 1 1 nil i nii i ii i n 1 1 n i n 1 1 1 ri riii i iriiniiiiii iri i it 1 1 n rn 1 1 iin ii= 1884 1904 Twenty Years IS Of experience in the manu- facture of Hives and Supplies, 1^ and a little longer in Queen- H rearing, with good facilities, will enable us to fill your or- ders wdth satisfaction and | promptness. :: Let us send 3 you our 64-page Catalog. . . . J. M. JENKINS, WETUMPKA, = = ALABAMA. 154 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 1 2 Per Cent Discount During tHe MontH of February -^ Send for our 1904 catalogue and price list. Our hives are perfect workmanship and material. TaKe Advantage of Early Discounts and send your orders in now. By so doing you SAVE MONEY AND SECURE PROMPT SHIPMENTS Page (Q, Lyon Mfg'. Co. Ne-w^ London, \Visconsin, U. S. A. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ I Dittmer's Foundation ■RETAIL AND WHOLESALC- t Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the Cleanest and Ptxrest, and in all respects the best and most desirable. Send for samples. Working: wax into foundation, for cash, a specialty. Beeswax always wanted at HigHest Price. A Full L-ine of Supplies, R^etail and "WHolesale. Send at once for catalog:, with prices and discounts. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., sole agents for Canada. CUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wisconsin ORIGINAL PATENT BINGHAM S! BiNGHAiVI SELF CLEANING BEE SMOKER 4-inch heavy tin Pmoke Engine, 3S1 holes in steel fire-g'ate, postpaid $1 50 35^-inch Doctor, iiS6 holes in graie 1 10 o-mch Conqueror, 220 holes in grate 1 00 2Hiiich l,arge, 170 hohs in grate 90 2-inch Wonder, 110 holes in grate 65 ■1-iuch heavy Copper, 381 holes in giaie 2 00 Tw^enty-five years the only patents granted, most improved, standard, and best in the world. Never a complaint. All have shields, bent cup, and coil-wire handles. Never go out, or throw sparks or soot. Bingham Smo- kers are not like other smokers. I would like to show you the many let- ters I have, but will summarize them below: " Don't see how they could be improved;'' "Best I ever used:" "Perfect satisfact'on:" "Perfection it.self." The latest unadvertised patent, dated li)03, sent l)y the inventor on receipt of iOc above regular prices of the .'. larger sizes of smokers. T. F. Bi , Farwell, Mich. Volume XXXII. FEBRUARY 15, 1904. INnBEE cultore CONTENTS '^ Market Quotations 160 Straws, by Dr. Miller 167 Pickings, by Stenog 169 Conversations with Doolittle 170 i editorials 172 a Foul Brood BiVi ". 172 Possible Winter Losses 174 Slate vs. Iron Roofings for Hive Covers 174 l,ast Report of the National; its Cost 174 Home-made vs. Factory Hives 175 (iKNERAL Correspondence 176 The La Bounty Wax-Extractor 176 Metal-spiced Hoffman Frame. J78 Fumigating Combs 179 Eastern Honev in Paper Bags ISO I,ang,stroth's Invention of the Mov'ble Frame 182 Food for Colonies Short of Stores 183 Heads of Grain 184 &ii^ Eastern Edition. KMTBRBD .\T the POSTOFKICE AT MkDINA, OHIO, AS SKCOND-CLASS MAITER !.^ll?.iJ»JiL OVER A ILLION Lewis' Perfect Sections. 5000 LBS Dadant's Weed Process Foundation. NOW IN STOCK. All other supplies in proportion. Discounts on early orders. Sixty- eight-page catalog now read}'. Send us a list of the goods you want, and we will tell you what they will cost. We want to hear from you LEWIS C.& A. C. WOODMAN Grand Rapids, - Mich. ^tmmim II ■ I \u niiM FOUR OKRUO^DS NOUi Ifi STOI^flGE HOJAITIflG YOUf? ORDEl?S Consisting of a full line of STANDARD GOODS Danzenbaker fli^es, I^oot's DoVd fiives, I^oot's Chaff Jli"^es, Hilton Chaff Hives, Hilton T^Supefs Coujan Extractors, Cornell Snookers, The Doolittle Wax~ extractors, and Al- ley Traps, cte., etc. As well as Weed Foundation, Section Boxes, Sec- tion-presses, Enamel - cloth. Brushes, Honey - boards, Tin Rabbits, Taps for ciittiiig-screw- holes, and Manum Swarm-catchers. Write for descriptive matter regarding Hilton Chaff Hives and T-supers, with prices on the ■ number you think of purchasing. 36'PAGE CATALOG FREE 6E0. F. HILTON, Fremont, Mich. The Danzenhaker Hive The Comb-honey Hive- Root's Good's sold in Michigan by M. H HUNT & SON. Send for Catalog. THREE POINTS OF EXCELLENCE: Quality--You can produce better-looking noney. Quantity ■You can produce more of it Price ■■You can get more per pound for it. The Danz. Book of " FACTS ABOUT BEES " tells all about it, and what successful bee-keep- ers say in favor of it. We want to send it to you. Please send^ to my address'" Danzeubaker's ''Facts About Bees,' telling about the Dan-^ zenbaker hive. Name '. The Danz. Hive-Sold in M. H. HUNT Bell Branch, nby SON Mich 5 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 159 Headquarters for BEE- SUPPLIES. Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices. Large, complete stock now ready; liberal dis- count on early orders; insure you prompt service and lowest freight rates. Give me your orders and you will save money. Cata- log free — send for same. SEEDS OF DIFFERENT HONEY PLANTS. Let me book your order for QUEENS (see catalog, page 29) as stock for early orders is limited. NUCLEI ready to supply, begin- ning June. L_ W. WEBER. Office and Salesroom, 2146 and 2148 Central Ave. Warehouse, Freeman and Central Aves. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 160 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. is Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be wel 1 filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel- Btain or otherwise ; all the cells sealed exceot an occasional cell, the outside surface (^ the wood well scraped of propolis. A No. 1.— All sic( oin well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; cimbs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or t lie entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1. —All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or t lie entire surface slightly soi.ed. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is. there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Kansas City. — Another cut in the price of comb honey since our la.st quotations. Strictly No. 1 white comb was sold at f2 25 per case of 24 sections. We are holding our stock at $2 50, with the hopes of a better market; but if shipments continue we shall have to let go with the rest. There is light demand for the supply of extracted, at HJ^ (at 7 for white; amber, 5J^ @ 6. Beeswax in demand at 30. C. C. Clemons & Co., Feb. 8. Kansas City, Mo. Boston — There is but little change to note in our honey market Strictly fancy Eastern honey is scarce, and Western honey will not bring as much here. We quote fancy white in glass-front cases at 16; No. 1, 15. Supply is ample, and demand light at this time. Ex- tracted, water white, 8: light amber, 7 @ 8, with but little call for the dark variety. Blake, Scott & I,ee, Feb. 8. Boston, Mass. Chicago. — The demand is better for all grades of honey than at any time since beginning of December. Stocks are now being reduced, I ut at the same time prices are easy. Many have had it so long that they are anxious to make .='ales. No. 1 to fancy white comb sells at 12 @ 13; amber grades. 10 @ 11; dark, etc., 9 (a), 10; white extracted, 6 (31 7. according to quality, kind, and fiavor; amber, 5 (Si 6. Beeswax. 30 R. A. Burnett & Co., Feb. 8. Chicago, 111. St. I,ouis— The honey trade rules very dull on comb as well as on extracted. Quotations are more or less nominal at $2.75 pet case of 24 sections for fancy; A No. I. $IJ0 (g>, 82 50 per case; No. 1, $2 00 (§ $i. 25; No. 2, 81.65(0) $1.75. Extracted in barrels, 5'4 per lb. In 5-gallon cans, 6 ® i)%. No. 3 comb honey unsalable in this market. R. Hartmann & Co., Feb. 8. St. l,ouis, Mo. Toronto. — There is no change to speak of There seems to be a very good demand for honey in small quantities among the storekeepers, but not a great deal moving in a wholesale way. Several reports from out- side town.s indicate that quite a supply of extracted honey is yet unsold. No change in prices. E. Grainger & Co., Feb. 9. Toronto, Ont. Philadelphia. — There has been a decided decline in cornb honey since last quotations. Bee-men who have little lots held back, and are afraid they can not dispose of it before warm weather, are shipping it in, selling at any price they can get breaking the market decidedly. We would quote lanc\ white at 11(0)15; No. Iatl2(a)13; amber, 10. Extracted, white, Ufa,', amber, 5@6. Beeswax, 31. We are producers of honey and do not handle on commission. Wm. A. Selser, Feb. 10. Philadelphia, Pa. Toledo —The market on honey at this writing is quiet, as is usual at this time of the year, and prices have weakened: but we are making sales at the fol- lowing ptices: Fancy white clover, in no-drip cases, 15; No. 1. 14; buckkvheat. 13; not much demand for am- ber. Extiacted, white clover, in barrels. 6J4; cans, ~}4 (^S; amber, barrels, 6 cts ; cans, 6J4 5?7. Beeswax. 28(g) 30. Griggs Brothers, Feb, 8. Toledo, O. Cincinnati.- There is a fair demand for honey, but the nearing end of the 'eason for comb honey with large supply has pressed the p' ices. Fancv white, 1S@ 14 Extracted, amber in barrels. 5^(5 55^: cans % more alfalfa, water-white, 6(o 6^, fancv while clover, 7}^(6 8 Beeswax, 30. C. H. W. Weber. Feb. 9. Cincinnati, O. Albany. — Honey demand is very light, owing to this unprecedentedly continued cold weather for the last thiee months. Quotations are nominal on comb hon- ey. We look for better demand after Lent begins if weather warms up Exti acted i= in demand, especial- Iv granulated. Buckwheat, for Jewish holi(3ay trade, 6@fi%. MacDocgal & Co., Feb, 10. 375 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. Buffalo. — The demand for honey is very slow: but very little .strained honey on the market. Comb hon- ey is quite plentiful. Fancv comb honev, 13(^14; A No. 1, 12i^(g;13; No 1. 12(512i/:" ^o. 2. 11(2)12; No. 3, 10(oll; amber. 11(5)12; dark, 9(3)10: white extracted, 6@6}4; dark, 5@5^. Beeswax, 30(o 32. W. C. Townsend, Feb. 11. Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale. — I have a few more cases of comb honey (mostly buckwheat), which I will offer at a reduced price to close out. N. ly Stevens, R. D 18, Moravia, N. Y. For Sale.— 100 cases fancy clover, no-drip; 100 cases No. 1 white, strawed carrier; straight 14oz. sec- tions, price $2.75. J. C Stewart, Hopkins, Mo. Reference, Farmers' Bank. For Sale. — 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in cases of two new 60-lb. cans each, at 714 cts. per lb.; 335-lb. barrels at 7 cts. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R. R. No. 1, Viola, Wis. For Sale. — Thirty barrels choice extracted white- clover honey Can put it up in any style of package desired. Write for prices, mentioning style of pack- age, and quantity wanted. Sample mailed on receipt of three cents in P. O. stamps. Emil J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale.— Extracted honey. Finest grades for ta- ble use. Prices quoted on application. Sample by mail, 10 cts. to pay for package and postage. Orel L,. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale.— .5000 lbs. of fine comb and extracted hon- ey, mostly all comb. L. Werner, Box 387. Edwardsville, 111. For Sale. — Fancy basswood and white-clover hon- ey: 60 lb cans, 8c; 2 cans or more, 7'/^c; bbls , 7J^c. E. R. Pahl & Co., 294 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. For Sale. — Fine extracted honey for table use, in 60-lb. cans. Price for white, single'can, 7^c; two or more, 7c. Amber, one cent less. C. H. Stordock. Durand, Ills. Wanted. — Honey. Selling fancv white, 15c; amber. 13c. We are in the market for either local or car lots of comb honey. Write us. Evans & Turner, Columbus, Ohio. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted — Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — To pay cash for comb and extracted honey. State kind with best prices I,. H. RoBEY, Worthington, W. Va. Wanted. — Extracted honey ; state kind, size pack- age, and quantitv, lowest cash price. Edmund J. Bicrry, Brome, Quebec, Can. Wanted. — Extracted honey, white clover, ba.ss- wood, and alfalfa. Send sample at once, stating quantity you have how put up, and lowest price. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 161 Wanted.— Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full marke value for beeswax at any time of the year Write us if you have any to dispose of. HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN, 265-207 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted. — Comb honey. We have an unlimited de- mand for it at the right price. Address, giving q^uanti- ty, what gathered from, and lowest cash price at your depot. i State also how packed. ,^^_^,^^^ __. Thos. C. Stanley & Son, [Fairfield, 111., or Manzanola, Colo. Wanted— Beeswax. We are paying 28c cash or 30 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St . Chicago, and 10 Vine St., Philadel- phia. Be .sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and advise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The A. I. Root Company, Medina, O. Ctias. Israel (Si Brotliers 48G-40O Canal St., New YorK. Wholesale Dealers and Oommissicn Merchants in Honey, Peeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. Oonsignments Solicited. Established 1875. [Zl I . No FisH cai% Escape tills hook. Sent anywhere for 10 cents. When you order ask for our C.VTALOGUE. It contains the best and very latest useful novelties of- fered the public. EGLEOTTC SUPPLY CO., 90 W. Broadvpay, New York. STRAWBERRY PLANTS and Seed Potatoes. You can make more money if you plant intelligently. Write and tell us about vour soil. We'll send vou our FREE DESCRIPTIVE BOOK, over 100 varieties. FLANSBURCH &, PEIRSON, Leslie, Mich. FREE! I p;.'\RN more about the great *" I ouUry industry They make money while you sleep, and will live on what you ihrowaiTav. Our paper tells how to make money on poul- try, eges, and incubators. Ask for sample copy now- it is free. Inland Poultry Journal, 40 Cord Bid. Indianapolis. Ind. QUEENS FOR 1904 Try my strain of three and five banded queens: untested, in Apiil and May, 81 tHI each ; six for fyW. Tested, in March and April, $\:2r, each ; six for $7 ()0. Orders by return tnail. Am booking orders for early delivery. Sold l.SOO last year. Can fill all orders, no matter how large. DANIEL WURTH, Karnes City, Karnes Co., Texas. Mention Gleanings in your order. Attention ! Bee«Keepers ! I have secured the photographic outfit and plates of our late friend Mr. J. H. Martin, the " Rambler," and am prepared to furnish unmounted prints of views taken by him, at 25c each, or S2.75 per doz. Enclose 2c stamp for list of views in stock. CLAUDE S. HILL, Campo Florido, Cuba. one season, planting- in ro- tation cauliflower, cucum- bers, eg-gf-plants, in beauti- ful, health -giving- Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-g-rowers. Thousands of acres open to free homestead entr3'. Handsomely illustrated de- scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchange in Vir- i^inia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and .\labama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Ivine Railway, Portsmouth. Va. Splendid Location for Bee=keepers. Squabs are raised in 1 month, bring big prices. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrynien, farmers, women. Here is something worth looking into. Send for our Free BooK, " How to Make Money With Squabs " and learn this rich indirstrj'. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO.. ig Friend Si. , Bostofi, Mass. WE OUTGREW OUR OLD QUARTERS ! The growing demands of a RAPIDLY INCREASING BUSINESS have moved us. We are now located at \ 51 \A/AI_IMIJ RE We have increased facilities, and a new, well - supplied up-to-date stock. Every thing that bee-keepers need and demand, ^he Best Bee Supplies ii^ America. Special discount for early orders. Send for catalog. Queen bees and nuclei in season. THE FRED W. IVIUTH CO., 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, 0. 162 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1S73.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CAIvVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. L,. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Torms: $1.00 per annum ; two years, |1.50; three years, $2.00; five years, $3.00, tn advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontintiances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further •notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose suhsc-iption has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwife we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, ani will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time paid for by making his request when ordering. Column width, 2% inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Net). 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 21 " 40 250 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 10OOlinesra> 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates {Net). 1 page $10 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 2.5 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circulation Average for 1903. 18,666, The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honty. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Hamil.on, 111 , Vice-president. Geo. W. Brcdbeck, Los Angeles. Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, I^oveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hamraugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. M1LI.ER, Marengo, Illinois. CONVENTION NOTICES. The Michigan State Beekeepers' Association will hold its annual convention Thuisday and Friday, Feb. 25 and 26, at the Agricultural College. The Michigan State Dairymen's convention will meet at the same place, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, and the round-up institute of the farmers' ins itutes will be held at the same place from Feb 23 to 2t). One session of the dairymen's convention will be a joint session with the inst'tu'e, and one sess on of the bee-keepers' convention will be a joint session with the institute. There will be half fare on all Michigan railroads. Dinner and 'upper can be secured at the College; but visitors will have to go to Lansing for breakfast and lodging. There is an electric line that takes passen- gers from the College to Lansing for five cents. W. Z. Hutchinson, Our Advertisers and Advertising. We have just received a 136- page catalog of the Ohio Carriage Mfg Co , 3120 Sixth St,, Cincinnati, Ohio. This is one of the mo.'-t complete catalogs we have ex- amined ; and any one expecting to order a buggy or harness will do well to get it. If you mention Glhan- INGS IN Bfe Culture when you request the catalog, they will also send you a booklet entitled "G )Od Bug- gies and How They are Made," which contains much valuable information. A.>-k for both catalog and book- let so that there will be no misunderstanding. a FARMERS" telephone COMPANY. Our readers are requested to give special attention to the advertisement of the Stromberg Cailston Tele- phone Co., on page 196 of this issue, and we suggest that you send for their book which tells how to oigan- ize a farmers' telephone company, and all about tele- phone matters in general. They also nave another book, F 36. "Telephone Facts," which is sent fiee on request if your mention this paper. We know of a co- operative farmers' te ephone comnany in operation in Michigan for the last two or three jears, which has been a great convenience, and the expense has not been more than one fourth the rates charged by the regular telephone lines. IRON AGE CATALOG. We received, a few days ago, a copy of the 1904 edi- tion of the "Iron Age " catalog, illustrating and de- scribing the "Iron Age" farm and garden implements as manufactured by Bateman Mfg Co., Box 120. Gr'jn- loch. N. J. They set forth in their catalog a most complete line of double and single wheel hoes, seed and fertilizer drills. From the description, and u,'-e of both wood and half-tone cuts thej- are most fully de- scribed, and by reason of the up to date design of these implements, together with the numerou-^ at- tachments applicable to them, there seems little chance for inip'ovement in goods of this charjicter. They also fully illustrate and describe a complete line of horse hoes and cultivators; among them are some nevr st\ le tools which have j st been patented. It may be of intertst to our readers to know that, in the manufacture of this luie of goods, this company is a pioneer, having originally made the old wood- frame cultivator, and was the first to place on the market an iron-frame cultivator. In the catalog they illustrate and describe the most ct mplele line of riding cultivators rnanufacturt d by any one company, and we venture to say from the description given, that they employ the most up to- date and valuable methods in the constiuctioii of them, manufacturing riding cultivators for level .>-ur- face hill-sides sandy or stony soil, and for the culti- vation of not only corn and potatoes, but for almost every variety of plant grown in rows, Thtse people manufacture the famous Improved Robbins potatop'anter which has been .sold in such large quantities and given such tiniversal .•■a isfac ion here in Ohio: and to >;ive an idea of its great efficiency and high merit, we quote the words of Dr, W. I, Cham- berlain: "It is hand-dropping, spactd with uuerringac- cuiacy by machinery." Besides the tools mentioned above, they also manu- facture two horse walking cultivators, sugar- reet tools, special tools for trucking, market gardening, etc. None of our readers interested in agriculture should be without a copy of this catalog, which is sent free on application. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 163 I. J. Stringfham, New York, keeps in stock several car-loads of Apiarian Supplies of the latest pat- terns, and would be pleased to mail you his 1S)04 catalog. Bees in season. Apiaries, Glen Cove, L. I. Sales Rooms, 105 Park PI., New York. QUEENS! ATTENTION! QUEENS! During 1904 we will raise and offer you our best queens. Untested, $1.00 each; $o.00 for 6; 89.00 for 12. Tested queens, $1.50 each; best breeders, |5.00 each. One, two, and three trance nuclei a specialty. Full colonies, and bees by the car-load. Prompt attention to your orders, and safe arrival guaranteed. Satis- faction w^ill be our constant aim. We breed Italians, Carniolans, Cyprians, and Holy-l,ands, in separate yards, 5 to 25 miles apart. Our stock can not be excelled in the world, as past records prove. New blood and the best to be had. Queens will be reared under the supervision of E. J. Atchley, a queen-breeder for 30 vears. Wri'te for catalog telling how to rear queens, and keep bees for profit. THE SOUTHI,AND QL'EE'n, $1.00 per year. THe Jennie AtcHley Co., Box 18, Beeville, Xex. Tennessee Qtieens, Daughters of select imported Italians, selrct long- tongue (Moore's), and select golden, bred SJ^ miles apart, and mated to select drones. No impure bees within three and but few within five miles. No dis- ease; 31 years' experience. All misniated queens re- placed free. Circular free. Safe arrival guaranteed. JoHn M. Davis, fprin^ Hill, Ter\r\. Price before July 1st I 1 I 6 I 12 After July 1st. 1 I 6 I 12 Untested jj 75| 4 00| 7 50$ Select I 1 001 5 0*1 9 00 Tested 1 50 8 OOlloOO 1 Select tested 2 OOlOOOllSOO 1 3 25 6 00 4 25 8 00 6 50 12 00 8 00 15 00 If tKe BEST Qxxeens are i^v^Hat yoti >vant. Get those reared by Will Atchlcy, Manager oftheBenan'l Honoy Co. We will open business this season with more than lUOU fine queens in stock ready for early orders. We jriuiranii e satisfaction or your money back. Wo make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carloail lots, one, two, and three fr.imo nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and live banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queens, $1.50 eacli : 6 for $7.00, or ,$12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-bandi d Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $1.00 each for straight breeders of their sect. _ Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreian countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address XHe Bee and Honey Co (Bee Co. Bos 79), Beeville, Xex. Try Case Strain. They make the whitest comb honey; have proved best for extracted, especially in Cuba; are but little inclined to swarm. Queens are carefully bred by experts. Two firms have'bought 900 each for their own yards. Our reputation is .'econd to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning better queens, earlier and more of them, for 1901. Circular for the asking. J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. OUR SPECIALTIES Cary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hive and Supers, Root's Sections, Weed Process Foundation, and Bingham Smokers. :: :: •: •: ■: Bees and Queens in tHeir Season. 32«pa^e Catalog^ Free MV, W. CARY (SL SON, Lyonsville, Mass.== HONEY QUEENS I shall continue breeding those fine queens for the coming season of 1901. Meantime I shall carry over a large number of queens in nuclei with which to fill orders the coming winter and early spring. I am breeding the Holy Lands, the Golden and Leather strains of pure Italians. Your orders will receive prompt and careful attention. Single queen, $1.25; five for $5 00. Breeders of either race, $3.00 each. W. H. Laws, Beeville, Texas. Ceo. J. Yande Vord Queen-breeder. Daytonia, Fla. Folding Cartons. Already printed at $4.00 per M, so long as our present stock lasts. Our Queen Circular is now ready to mail. OUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, Bellevue, Ohio. 164 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 § fully equal to a year's subscript J! of the monthly bee-papers that are published Q — ai'itl for only 10 cents. If you are not ac- |k quainted with the American Bee Journal, this ^ is a fine chance to familiarize 3'ourself with it. DR. MILLER'S 40 years flmono tne Bees ^ This book has had an increased sale ^ lately. It contains 328 pages, bound in cloth. ^ Dr. Miller's crop was 18,000 pounds of Comb V ^ Honey last year. In his book he tells just HOW . Q jf he manages his bees. YOU will want to know Js ^ his successful way. In fact, every bee-keeper jj should own and read Dr. Miller's book. Price, Q postpaid, $1.00. Or, with the Weekly Amer- Jk ican Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. ^a Address the publishers, 8 GEORGE W. YORK & CO K 144 0 146 E. Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL. $ I 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 165 The Most Extensive BEE=KEEPER^ in Michigan is Mr. E. D. Townsend, of Remus. He has kept bees many years, is managing several out- apiaries with no help except that of his two boys in thfir early 'teens and he is making money. It has r quired much pers-istent urg'ng to get him to write for the Review, his excuse heing that his forte was that of producing honey, instead of writing about it. But it is the experience of exactly such men as this that is real help to others who are producing honey, and I have succeeded in getting three articles from him, and have pretty fair hope* of getting at least as many more. The publication of this series was begun in the January Review, and will be continued, one article each month, as long as Mr. Tovvnsendcan be induced to write them. When attending the bee- keepers' institutes in New York this winter, only one of these articles had appeared, yet I received many congratulations upon having secured Mr. Town.^end as a coriespondent. Remember, these Tc wnsend ar- ticles are only one of the many good features of the Review. Subscribers write: ' It grows better all of the time. I shall take it as long as I keep bees." I have no more back numbers of the Review, nor j copies of Advanced Bee Culture, to give to new sub- scribers but ; if you are making'your living keeping bees, J ou c^n't spend $1,00 in anyway that it will bring you greater returns than in sending it for the Bee Keepers' Review lor IStOl. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. MAPLE-SUGAR MAKERS, Doi\*t Miss a g-ood investment. As horses vary in price according to quality, so do sap-spouts. The GRIMM Spout costs you nothing. The gain of one fourth more sap pays for it. It's a conservative guarantee. Purchaser assumes no ri k. Why not venture? Order what you need and return if not as represented. Samples free. G. H. GRIMM. Rutland, Vt. f Frtiit-^roAvers \ Regular price 50 cents. read the best fruit-paper. SEND TEN CENTS and the names and addresses of ten good fruit growers to,SOUXHERN FRUIX ^~~~~ GRO^VCR.f Chattanooga, for six months' trial subscription. Best authority on fruit-growing. Sample free if you mention this paper. J 4,000,000 PEACH=TREES TENNESSEE WHOLESALE NURSERIES. June Buds a Specialty. No agents traveled, but sell direct to planters at wholesale prices. Absolutely free from diseases, and true to name. Write us for catalog and prices before placing your order elsewhere. We guarantee our stock to be true to name. L,argest peach nursery in the world. Address J. C. HALE, Winchester. Tenn. EVERGREENS Hardy sorts, Nursery grown, for wind- breaks ornanientand hedges. Prepaid. $1 to $10 per HlO-fjO Great Bargains to Fclect from Write at once for free Catalogue and Bargain Sheet. Lnral Agents wanted. D.HilUs?s?,Dundee,lll. SWEET=POTATO SEED Sound, bright stock; most popu- lar varieties. Send for de- scriptive price list. :-: :-: L. H. Mahan, ^°" , Terre Haute, Ind. Mr. A. I. Root's Writings of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful section reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets of Michigan farm lands and the fruit helt, address J, E. Merritt, Manistee, Michigan. Pacific Coast Buyers are directed to the announcement that SWIITHS' CASH STORE (inc.) 25 Market St., San Francisco, California, carries a complete line of apiary supplies. Root's reg- u ar and Danzenbaker hives, Dadant's foundtion, and Union hives. Money can be .■■aved by buying from them. Prices quoted same as Root's catalog for 1904, with carload rate 90c per 100 jjounds added This saves buyers $1 50 per 100 puuiids in freight, or 36c on each hive. ®iPRAVING >** brings fruitsand flowers. We make the right appliances. Special adapta- tion to every need. HAND, BUCKET, BARREL KNAP- SACK and POWER SPRAYERS. 20 styles. NozzleB. hose, attachments, formulas, everyspraying accessory. Write lor free catalog. The Deming Co., Salem, O. Ktcrn ,4 enrs, Union ,^ Uuiibellt Chicago. It's an Actual Fact that Page Wire is twice as strong as common wire of the same size. Tty it and prove it. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Michigan. FENCE! STRONGEST MADE. Buu strong, Chicken- Tight. Sold to the Karmerat Wholesale Prices. Fnlly Warranted. Catalog Free. COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box 101, Winchester, Indiana, D. S. A. 166 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 H 0 >- > (4 (4 H < Q I 0 H I > E Z o 0 (4 o 0 C •^ « :: u > 0 ^ C o . 10 0) o -co O TS CJ-i o •0 V "00 c u u ti «0 u « P. 59 ^ ^ O CO s-i ,>< 0) «t 5 u D- o o o ^ w •0 0 0 0 2 ^- fa 5 H &5 0 c 0 u It so z 0 0 50 0 H I « u < 0 1 0 b) JourHai^ ^ • DELVOTE.D' •AND Honey •AHD HOME. ^^ublishedb/THEA I^OOY Co. $l£°PtRYEAR. 'Nq^MEDINA-OHIO- VoL XXXIL FEB. J 5, J 904. No. 4 ~r^ "Beginners had better clip the wings on one side only," p. 134. Good advice for beginners. Equally good for veterans. Ykars ago the Germans were trying to find what would hasten granulation in hon- ej', and they decided, just as we have, that agitation is the thing. Nkw Jp:rsky bee-keepers would do well to send 50 cents each to Geo. N. Wanser, Cranford, N. J., to become members of N. J. B K. Ass'n, and then that association should join the National in a body. The usual space left by the bees be- tween two surfaces of sealed honey, or be- tweea honey and separator, is )i inch. Sometimes, however, the bees make a great- er space — I wonder why. Before me lies a section showing that the bees left a space of y%, making the comb \y% instead of l^g thick, and it looks still thinner than that. [While bees have an approximate rule about spacing, yet there are a good many varia- tions, as I have noticed. But is not the av- erage space usually a trifle under % inch? The space between the surfaces of sealed brood will be wider than between surfaces of honey, as a rule. — Ed.] That trip on the glass- bottom boat — the one A. 1. Root tells about, p. 141! I was seasick on the steamer going over; but the minute I struck land 1 was over it, and en- joyed to the full those wonderful sights at the bottom of the ocean. Then we had that delicious fish dinner Bro. Root tells about. I don't remember what we paid for it, but I remember that I thought it a very moderate price; but before 1 was through with that dinner, coming back on the steamer I thought I paid dearly for it. I thought I had been sick going over; but coming back — oh my ! We passed a whale in full view, and there was a big rush to see it. Never a rush did I make. What cared I for whales? My mind was otherwise occupied. J. E. Johnson talks in Am. Bee-keeper about applying formalin gas in a hive full of bees, and killing foul brood without kill- ing the bees. Sounds crazy-like; but know- ing the man I ve some faith in what he says. He makes the point that Bacillus al~ vel being vegetable, and the bee animal,, what is fatal to one is not necessarily fatal to the other. [This is a matter on which it would be interesting to have some bacteri- ologist enlighten us; but is it not true that, when the gas is used very strong, it kills the bees? and has it not been stated that it must be used strong in order to kill the spores as well as the active bacilli? — Ed.], You "have secured uniformly good re- sults with a %-inch space" under bottom- bars, Mr. Editor, p. 135. Just so; but some of us with conditions not perfect will be safer with 2 inches. Even with two inches, the cluster will sometimes be down on the bottom-board, and then it's hard to clean away the dead bees. A % entrance might be clogged where 2 inches would be clear. " Pretty bad wintering to clog a % en- trance? " Sure; but then there is some bad wintering. [If the entrances are kept rea- sonably clear, is it not true that '/i depth would be enough? Is it not a fact that any bee keeper who winters indoors should look to his bees occasionally? — Ed.] M. D. Andes makes number-tags by means of an indestructible set of dies cost- ing 50 cents. Pieces of sections thus punch- ed will last well, if they could only be made to be seen at several rods' distance. Could rubber stamps or other type be made to print on wood with weather proof ink? How would printing-ink do, covered with varnish or oil? [Rubber stamps can be made, and regular printing-ink, or, better still, indelible pad ink, could be used very satisfactorily. The complete set with fig- ures \]i inches high with an indelible pad would cost 75 cts. : but a cheaper thing, and perhaps as good, is a set of brass stencils. 168 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 These we have been furnishing- all the way from 0 to 9, figures lj4 inches high, for hive- numbering purposes, for 35 cts. — Ed.] Bro. a. T. Root, please allow a word in defense of W. D. Null. p. 134. As I under- stand him, he was only sowing- sweet clover on his own land, as he says, '' I have tried to get our fence- rows and waste patches seeded." [Well, now, doctor, I may be dull, but I don't just see your point. If sheep, goats, and horses search out sweet clover, and keep it down, how is anybody damaged by having it started in the roads and fence- corners, even if said roads and fence-corners adjoin some other man's land? I never heard a farmer complain because red clover was growing in his fence-corners or waste places; and is not sweet clover worth as much or nearly as much as red clover?— A. I. R.] Those flying fish in the Pacific Ocean didn't look to me as they did to A. I. Root, who thinks they "never flap their glossy wings while in the air." To me the big- gest part of them was "flap." Page i41. [Doctor, it has occurred to me that I did not say enough about the " flap " part. These fishes had comparatively large wings, and the wings were as transparent as the film of a soap bubble, almost. Of course, they were concave more or less; and when the rays of the sun struck this concave part, these wings flashed like diamonds. To me it was a remarkable treat; and I wondered to see the passengers all around me so indifferent to the charms of this won- derful spectacle.— A. I. R.] A MAN who was growing tomatoes in a greenhouse with indifferent success, saj's M. F. Reeve, in Atn. Bee-keeper, put in a hive of bees, and was enthusiastic over the results. " He said the tomatoes were in greater profusion, and ripened much better, and at a time when they brought more money." [I believe that at the present time all successful greenhouse-men have bees in the house where they undertake to grow to- matoes, cucumbers, or any thing else that requires fertilization. Taking the pollen from the blossoms with a camel's-hair pen- cil, and transferring it to the other ones, answers in a measure; shaking the plants so that the pollen will rattle off in the form of dust has also been practiced; but I think all have decided that the bees work cheap- er, and do a far better job, than any clum- sy manipulating such as I have mentioned. —A. I. R.] John Hewitt, the British queen-breed- er, says he gets more queens started when larvae are given without than with royal jelly. He takes strips of drone comb after the Alley plan, uses drone larvae two days old, and when queen-cells are about half built over these he replaces the drone larva; with worker larvas just out of the egg. — American Bee-keeper. [Some queen-breed- ers do not use royal jelly, claiming that it is not essential. Others say that the old jelly is removed and new made to take its place. Whether it is or not, it has been our experience that the cells are more readily accepted, as a rule, when supplied with this royal food than when not so supplied. It giv^s the bees a suggestion that some- thing has been done toward making a cell by supplying a food fit to rear a princess. There, I do not know but some one will now object by stating that royal jelly is not es- sentially different from the food supplied to worker bees. — Ed.] Organizations in Germany probably have a larger membership than our Nation- al, says ye editor, page 115. " but somehow we do not hear about their kicking up very much dust. " No, we're so busy with our own affairs that we don't know what's going on abroad. The fact is, there's a good deal bigger dust kicked up there than here; they have bigger memberships, bigg^er conven- tions, and take up a good deal bigger space in the bee- journals than does our National. Oh, yes! we've got to do some lively kicking before our dust equals theirs. [What I meant by "dust-kicking" was the defense of bee-keepers' rights; the establishment of valuable precedents in law; fighting adul- teration; securing legislation favorable to bee-keepers. The getting-upof a great big convention, and passing of resolutions, probably does not influence much the great outside world around us, that does not care a penny about our interests. Is it not true, doctor, that the National stands pre-eminent above all other organizations because it does things? W^e can write and we can talk; but unless we do things, in my esti- mation we are not " kicking up very much dust." Is there any organization in all Europe (and I am asking for information) that is as powerful a f ictor in law and in general legislation as the National on this side of the hemisphere? — Ed.] You ARGUE in that first footnote, p. 116, Mr. Editor, that your queen-rearing meth- ods are all right, just as if I had been questioning them. Bless your heart! I never thought of such a thing. Very likely you're right when you say " we believe one will not go very far astray if he follows us implicitly.'" But how under the sun is one to follow you in making nuclei without im- prisoning them if you don't tell how? Mere- ly saying, " Where one knows how " is only exasperating. Turning to the ques- tion itself, your answer satisfies in part. I think a beginner would understand that he is to select frames of brood soon to hatch; but I think he would be badly puzzled to know how to give " a larger proportion of young bees to the nucleus." [Why, the easiest thing in the world, doctor. It has been our experience that a light shaking of a comb will disengage the old bees and a few young downy ones, and leave nearly all the active young bees. When we form nuclei, or at least that was my rule, we give each frame of bees before moving to another lo- cation a light shake. The young vigorous Italians — those that have hardly begun to 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 169 do field work, and which have, perhaps, never taken wing', will stick to the combs, while a majorit}' of the older ones will fall oflF. The few that do cling will, of course, gfo back; but their return will not percepti- bly weaken the nucleus. I feel sure you must know of this trick unless you have been working with hybrids so long- that you had forgotten it; but it works like a charm with pure Italians. Hybrids and blacks all shake easily, 30ung' as well as old. — Ed.] Glycerine, a small per cent, put in hon- ey to keep it liquid, p 120. I'm afraid of that — very much afraid of it. We raised a howl against putting in glucose to keep from granulating, and this is just a little like it. The higher price of glycerine makes a difference, but — but — [Your last unfinished sentence answers j'our own ques- tion. Adulteration, properly speaking", is the putting of a cheaper ingredient into a more expensive article for the purpose of deceiving, and lessening the cost of the product. If two per cent of glycerine would prevent granulation, let us say 2 lbs. in 100, would any one call it adulteration, when glycerine at wholesale costs 20 c. per lb. as ag-ainst 6 or 7 for extracted honey? It was once said that 10 to 20 per cent of glucose would prevent g-ranulation. The larger the quantit}", the more sure the pre- vention. But glucose costs less than one- fourth as much as honey; and it is very ev- ident that the people who first advocated g-lucose to prevent granulation did so sim- ply to cover up a deeper- laid scheme of cheapening- the product, with the intention of selling it as pure honey, and 7iot to pre- vent granulation. But we do not know yet that glycerine will have any effect; and if it does I should not think of using more than two or three per cent. Indeed, I question whether any one could afford to use any more. Let's see: 100 lbs. of ex'racted, we will say, would cost $6.00. Suppose we should put in 3 lbs. of glycerine, worth 60 cents. This would be enough to wipe out a good profit. Themarginon honey isclose; and if onecould make 10 per cent on his honey, or 60 cents, he is making a fair profit — that is, when he is buying to sell again. But you might argue that a man who bottles his honejs and gets 20 cents per lb. for it at retail, could afford to use the glycerine to the ex- tent of two or three per cent or more. But does the one who receives 20 cents retail ac- tually make much more than the one who wholesales in barrels and square cans at 7 to 8 cents? We must deduct the cost of the glass package, the cost of bottling, labeling, washing of the bottles, corks, etc. Now that I have asked this question, whether one can make more money bottling than he can to sell at a good price wholesale, I ain wondering whether our subscribers can not help us in the solution of it. I once talked with a large bottler, and he told me that if he could get a good fair wholesale price for his honey in bulk he could actually make more clear cash than he could to bottle. Then why did he put it up in glass? Sim- plj' because, a good deal of the time, he can not get his price for bulk honey, and he is obliged to bottle in order to make the nec- essary profit in his business. — Ed.] 1/^eieJibor3jieldj Speaking about "kicking up a dust," the Austrian Imperial Union, or what might be translated as such, which includes near- ly all Austrian bee- keepers, is making it- self felt. Its first action was to interview the Commissioner of Railways to see if he would not have the railway-beds of that kingdom planted with honey-bearing flow- ers. The attempt was perfectly successful. That, certainly, is a step in the right di- rection, not only in the securing honey, but in getting unsightly weeds out of the way. The Central Union, in Prague, has se- cured for its members very cheap insurance on bees. For the trifling sum of 8 cents every member of the Union is insured, per colony of bees and hive, against loss by fire, storm, and thieves. So much for foreign dust. \iu BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. A correspondent writing from Natal, South Africa, says: I had some very pretty sections of comb honey last year, some filled with pure orange-blossom honey as white as snow. Then I had some thinner sections, darker honey, from the mango trees. Many people I showed the sections to here said it was the first honey they had seen "made to order " and one lady insisted it had been made by machinery! A writer makes the following sensible suggestion. Perhaps the National may have to consider the matter some day: I should be glad to know whether it is legal to de-' serine as " honey " any production otherwise than the nectar gathered by bees from the flowers. For exam- ple, would it be legal to describe glucose as " glucose honey," or treacle as •' treacle honey'? If it be not legal, I thi:k it is the duty of bee keepers to take such action as will at once cause the withdrawal of a certain advertisement, headed, '• Honey without Bees," and as a sub-head, " A New Food Delicacy." In the issue for Jan. 21 the editor says: It is with sincere regret and sorrow that we have to announce that the Revue Internationale closes its use- ful career after an existence of twenty-five years. We have the last number before us in which M. Ed Ber- trand, the venerated originator and editor of the pa- per, takes leave of his readers. Many papers are started and after a short existence disappear without being missed; but with respect to the Revue Interna- tionate, we venture to think the regret will be univer- sal and the void created will be long felt. All bee- keepers acquainted with the French language read with intertst what appeared in this, the leading ex- positor of the movable comb sysiem on the Contnu nt of Europe, and looked forward to its appear:, uce 170 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 monthly, and they will keenly feel the loss of it. M. Ed Beitiand at the age of seventy-two has well earned his retirement, and has the satislacuon of seeing the methods he has so ardentlj' advccated pretty genei al- ly adopted, not only in his own native country, but aUo in France and other countries. Further on is the following: M. Berlrand, it was known, was not only a practical but a successful bee keeper and his advice could al- wajs le rt lied upon. Having also successfully fought foul brood he was able to give such advice as has been the means of curing many diseased apiaries. Being acquainted with several languages M. Bertrand has kept his readers infotmed of the progre.'^s being made in Kngland, America, Germany, and Italy- U was with this object in view that the ' British Bee- keeper's Guide Book" and ' The Honey B e " were translated by him into French, as was also that most complete work on '• Foul Brood of Bees " by F. C. Har- rison. The above is well-deserved praise for one of the most prominent bee-men of the world. Personally, too, as much may be said for him. Perhaps we shall yet hear irom him through other journals. COLMKNERO ESPANOL. Judging from what I have read in the new Spanish bee journal, El At>icultor, Mr. Mercader-Belloch, the late editor of the journal I am reviewing, was what the "weather-prophets" term a "reactionary storm center." The editor says of him, ap- parently with a feeling of charity too: We do not wish to speak of his defects. Who does not have them? We will simply say that his own per- sonal interests counted with him as nothing when they stood in the way of his gaining his great, object that of occupying the first place among Spani>h bee-keep- ers, and to hold absolute authority over any of their criticisms. Ki.r that he sacrificed friendships, forgot the services of others, and sliired up autipithies against tho^e who presumed to deviate from him so much as a line or to contradict an v of his affirmaiions, and wound up by finding himself alone in the manage- ment of El Colmeneyo, which at last was -i faiihful le- flection oi the decay of mind of its mel lUcholy editor. The writer of the above, long the right- hand mtnof Mr. Mercader Belloch, then re- lates the difficulties they had in finding a suitable place to establish an apiarj'. The best they could do was to take up with a piece of rocky and unproductive land, and use it as the center of a series of apiaries around aming those steep mountains. Nothing could be more discDuraging to a man of his disposition than to meet with re- pulse in his own land; and that will ac- count largely for the following from his pen, concerning bee-keeping in Spain. It is the last of a review which he wrote about bee-keeping in different countries, which I have already given. He says: Our country continues behind in general in all branches of industry, and apiculture is no cxcepti n — quite the contrary. Aside from a few persons who have devoted themselves to the improvement of agri- culture and other industries, the nation in general looks with contempt, not only on bees, but on agricul turea'la'ge In this unfortunate country which has bt eu styled " the land of opposites," the people learn with zeal to make all kinds jf goods while Spain lacks the conditions necessaiy to compete wiih other na- tions. . . .Some hope, or pretend to, to make Spiin an industrial nation like England and the Unit- ed Slates, which would simply work her ruin, as it would concentrate many in the large cities and dtp ip- ul ite the rural dist icts. This would create coiillicls which, iu time, would cripple all departments of gov- ernment, and work the ruin of the very class it is de- signed to protect. . . . Here in Spain it is very difficult to put in practice modern systems, as the peo- ple are opposed to every new thing. Lei us enumerate some of the almost in,-uperable difficulties thai present themselves to a progressive man: 1. Tne characteris- tic indolence of the people ; 2 A kind of fear which workmen h»ve fcr the gatherer of statistics for it is usual for them to refuse absolutely to give any data on which to base apicullural statistics : and without that, nothing can be done H. The refusal of those same bee-keepers to communicate a report of their failure and success to this journal, for we should like to pub- lish all. The above is not exactly bees, but it is worth considering by the bee-men of this country and Canada. In the last 50 years the price cf labor in Spain has fallen from 53 to 47 cents per day, while the cost of liv- ing has greatly advanced. Witli superior natural advantages, Spain has stepped down frcm her position as first amjng na- tions at the time Columbus was imprisoned by her for giving her a hemisphere, till now she is the seventh power in the world, which IS equivalent to saying she is no- where. DiscoQtent broods over her bor- ders, and revolution over her interior. Mr. Merc.ider-Bellcch was a good man, a very able one, and one who was highly gifted with true greatness of mind. MAKING SUGAR SVRUP FOR FEEDING BEES. " Mr. Doolittle?" " That's my name." " My name is Barber, and I came over to have a talk with you about making feed for bees out of sugar. I know you have told how you do this in some of the bee-papers, but I can not turn to where it is." " I suppose it is spring feeding you want to do." " Yes. But I want to know how to make sugar syrup for feeding at any lime of the year. But perhaps we better talk about how to make the syrup for spring feeding. How about this part?" "It is not so very essential regarding how it is made for spring feeding as for fall, as the bees can fly often in the spring, while in fall they should be fed in view of their winter repose and quietude, as much as possible. But for early spring feeding I should make the syrup "richer" than later on. Will you have to feed the bees during March, do you think?" "Very many of my colonies went into winter light in stores, and I fear they may starve soon; and that is the reason I come to you for advic'=^ on this matter of making feed for them." " For feeding bees early in the spring, before they can fly every few days, I should make the syrup after a formula I have used 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 171 with success in years g'one by, which is as follows: Fifteen pounds of water is weis^h- ed up and put into a tin vessel of suitable size, when this vessel is put over the fire till the water boils, at which time twenty pounds of granulated sug^ar is put in, the same being- done by slowly pouring it into the water while the whole is being stirred, so that the sugar shall not all go in a heap on the bottom of the vessel, and a part of it scorch or b irn there, as is often the case where a great lot of sugar is poured into any kind of vessel set over a hot fire, as in such case the water will not keep the sugar from settling on the tin, and scorching or burning. " " I am glad you spoke of this. I burned some syrup in making one time, and I did not then know the reason for it; but I now remember I poured the sugar right in with- out stirring and left it till it boiled. Bat go on." " After stirring the sugar in till it has mostly dissolved, the whole is left till it boils again, when it is set from the fire, and three pounds of honey is stirred in, to keep the syrup from granulating or crystallizing, and to give a better relish for the bees." " Is this honey a necessity where a per- son has none to put in?" "No, it is not absolutely necessary at this time of the j-ear; but I have been of the opinion that I got better results where I so used it, and have often put in three or four combs from partly finished sections where I did not have other honey to put in. The wax that will come from the comb can be taken ofi^ when the whole cools, so this will do no harm by way of interfering with the manipulation of the syrup. This will give you 37 to 38 pounds of the best feed I know of for very early feeding, and you can cut the formula in half, double it, treble it, etc., in accord with your needs and at your pleasure." " How do you feed it?" "I use a division-board feeder at this time of the year, and, in fact, at all times of the year. Ju^t take out a comb where it will come right up to the cluster of bees, then put in your feeder in place of the comb; pour in your feed, having the same a little more than blood- warm, when the bees will take it all up before it gets cold, un- less the weather is very severe." "How often would you feed?" " 1 would give a feederful at a feeding; and by doing this, one feeding will last the colony for a week to ten davs, thus giving you a chance to choose a mild day for the feeding process." " Do j'ou make all the feed, and feed in fhis way with all spring feeding?" "No. As spring advances I use a light brown, or what is called No. 1 C sugar. Vith this I put in fifteen pounds of sugar to the fifteen pounds of water, bring to a boil, and leave out the honey. Feeding after the bees can fly nearly every day is done mainly for stimulating brood rearing; and I find that C sugar has a better effect in accomplishing this object than granulat- ed sugar; but the bees must have a chance to fly often when feeding this grade cf su- gar, or they are likely to sufi'er from diar- rhea." " How often do you feed with this syrup made from C sugar?" " Generally every night, doing the feed- ing in the twilight to prevent any chance of the bees robbing out or trying to rob the colonies being fed." " How long is the feeding kept up?" " Till the flowers begin to yield honey or nectar. When this comes about, it is not necessary to feed to keep the bees from starving or for brood-rearing, as nectar from a natural source is always better in every way than that which comes from a feeder." " Well, how about fall feeding, as T see that it is nearly time for me to be going?" "Feed for fall feeding is made in this way: Fifteen pounds of water is used, as I told you at first; and when this boils, 30 pounds of granulated sugar is stirred in (as I told you to do), instead of the 20 pounds there used; and when this is about to boil, all scum which may arise is carefully skimmed ofl", so that the syrup may be as free as possible from all impurities. After boiling, it is set from the fire, and five pounds of good thick extracted honey is stirred in." "Do you consider the honey necessary when feeding in the fall for winter stores?" "I certainly do. When syrup is made thus, so it is of the consistency of honey be- fore feeding, as it always should be when feeding after the harvest is past, for winter stores, it will crystallize (with me) in the feeders, where no precaution is used; and in my many experiments which I made to find out the best feed for winter I even had it harden in the cells after being stored there by the bees, where nothing was used to prevent this crystallizing, as some have recommended. This five pounds of honey is sure proof against all these troubles; and as it is of itself good feed for bees I do not see why any one should object to its use, even if the same had to be bought. But this buying is not generally necessarj', even in a very poor season, if the bee-keeper keeps an eye on his knitting, as all suc- cessful bee-keepers will." "How about the feeding of this syrup?" " It is fed from a division- board feeder, the same as before; but as much feed is given each evening as the bees will carry down during the next 24 hours, till the needed amount required for winter is given. About 25 pounds will generally be used during the three first days after commercing, and that is generally considered sufficient for the safe wintering of any colony. If colo- nies have >4, >^, or J4 of this amount of honey in their combs, the feeding of a suf- ficient amount to supply the lack is all that is required." "Well, I thank you for this interview. I must be going now." 172 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 Read the proposed foul-brood bill below. This is probably the severest winter that bee-keepers have experienced for over 20 j^ears. It has been continuously cold since the first cf December, with only two days when the bees could fly. I CAN only wish that all of our bees that are on their summer stands were indoors in one of our bee-cellars. I am fearful we shall have heavy losses among' the outdoor bees before warm weather sets in in the spring-. The bee-keepers of Ohio are requested to write to their Senators and Representatives at once, and ask them to support the bill for the suppression of foul brood. This bill is now pending before the House. If you don't know who the members are, ask some county official or your postmaster. It is very necessary that you write at once. A FOUL-BROOD BILL BEFORE THE OHIO LEG- ISLATURE. As I have before reported in these col- umns, the bee-keepers of Hamilton Co., O., have been very active for some time in the matter of securing foul-brood legislation for Ohio. In the southern part of the State the dread disease has been making consider- able progress, especially with the box-hive bee-keeping class; and the up- to date bee- keepers have been simply forced to take this course in self defense. It seems the disease was imported from Kentucky; and in spite of all the bee-keepers on the border-line in this State could do, it has been making headway against them because there was no law by which they could compel the box-hive men and others to treat their colonies. In other portions of the State — notably in the northern part — the disease has made some inroads from Michigan. Taking it all in all, it seems as if now were the time when we should have suitable legislation — when the traditional " stitch in time " would " save nine." It has cost other States large sums of money, particularly Canada, New York, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Colorado, while the direct cost to the bee-keeping industry has been enormous. In some sections of New York, bee-keeping has been well nigh wiped out, where, under ordinary condi- tions, bees have made good money for their owners, and could do it again. It is very necessary that the bee-keepers in every State where no laws are in force get some bill before their legislature this winter, and, if possible, get it passed so that the necessary stitch in time may be taken. That is preciselj' what the Ohio bee- keepers are trying to do, and none too soon either. A bill has been presented by the bee-keepers of Hamilton Co. that has been modeled after the excellent law that is in force in Colorado. As will be seen by the text herewith given, it is a county law. Whenev r foul brood or any other conta- gious disease is found to exist in any par- ticular county, on the complaint of three citizens the county c:mmissioners shall ap- point an inspector who shall mike the nec- essary investigation; and if he finds the disease to exist he shall, under the provi- sions of the law, order the necessary treat- ment to be carried into effect. There are suitable penalties for failure to comply with his orders. Among the provisions, it will be noted, is one requiring box-hive men who are supposed to have foul brood to transfer on to movable frames. Now, while, generally speaking, a State law with one inspector has proven to be more satisfactory, and while it is true, also, that certain measures of this kind have been repealed in favor of a general State law, yet a careful canvass of the sit- uation on the part of the Ohio bee-keepers seems to show that the Colorado law is the only measure we could get at present in this State, as our General Assembly is somewhat shy about passing any bill that requires an appropriation, especially if it thinks the passage of the bill will create a "job " for some one. So many bills creat- ing jobs have been imposed on them that it would be simply impossible to get a State law now. If the present measure shall prove to be inefficient it will serve as an ex- cellent stepping-stone for something better. Michigan first had a county law for a few years, repealed it, ard substituted a State law; but I understand that the bee keepers of Colorado are very well pleased with the practical working of their county law, aft- er which the Ohio measure is modeled, and it may never be necessary to ask for any thing better. The Ohio bill has been thrown into the hopper, and is being considered by the Committee on Agriculture. A large repre- sentation of Hamilton Co. bee-keepers, as well as a representative of this journal, ap- peared before the committee, and stated the urgent need of the measure. General Man- ager France has furnished some data for the consideration of the committee. We have every reason to believe that the commit- tee will report the measure favorably with- out amendment, and that the same will be passed without opposition. But bee keep- ers all over the State are urged to write to their Senators and Representatives, and ask them for their support, and explain why the law is needed. If we get the idea that the bill will pass of itself, we shall be woefully mistaken. Every subscriber to this journal in Ohio should make a point to- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 173 write at once to his Representative and Seniitor; and that means 3'ou, and you, and j'oii who read this. Do it at once befjre you f jri^et it. The fallowing- is the text of the bill that is now before the Committee on Agriculture for consideration. Hon. D. R. Herrick, of Hamilton Co., who introduced the measure, was once a bee-keeper himself. Quite a number of the Representatives in tlie House have been interviewed. I hive seen sever- al myself. Now it rests with the Ohio bee- keepers to do their dut}^ and do it soon. A BII^I, To provide for County Inspectors of Apiaries, and de- finingtheirdutics and providing for iheir compensa- tion, lor the purpose of curing and avoiding foul brood or other dibeases among bees and their hives. Be it enacted bv the General Assembly of the State of Ohio: Section 1 — That whenever a petition is presented to the Board of County Commissioners of any couity in the State of Ohio -signed by three or more peisons, all of whom are residents of the said county, and pos- ses.sors of an apiary, or place whtre bees are kept, stating that certain apiaries within ^^aid countj- are in- fected with the disease known as foul brood, or any other disense which is injuri )us to bets or their larvre, praying that an inspector be appointed by .said Board of Couuty Comm:,ssioners, said Board of County Com- ni's^iouer-i shall, within five days after the presenta- tion of .said petition, appoint a person as bee-inspector who is a resident of said county who shall be a skilled bet-keeper, ha iiig thorough knowledge of foul brood and other diseases inj irious to bees and their larva and the treauuent of the same. Sectio.v 2 — The person so appointed sh(ll, within five days after his appointment, file with the said Board his written acceptance of the office, or, in de- fault thereof, or in case of vacancy, the Board sh.nll. in the same manner, make new appjinlments uniil the said office is filled. The inspector shall hold his office for two years, and until his succ.ssor is appointed and q' a'ified, except when upon petition of ten persons (each of whom is a resident of said county, and pos- sessor of an apiary), to the Board of Conniy Commis- sioners of said county, may mnove said inspector for cause, after a hearing of petitioners. Section 3. -Any bee-keeper, or other person who shall have cau-e to believe that any apiary in his county is affected with foul brood or other disease, either in his own apiary or elsewhere, shall make affidavit, stating that, on information or belief, he believes that certain apiaries, describing the location naming the owner or keeper, are affected with foul brood or other dis^-ase. and his groun 1 for such belief. On receiving said affidavit from any source of the existence, in any apiary in his county, of the disease known as foul brood, or any other infectious or contagious disease of bees, the county inspector of bees shall forthwith in- spect each colony of bees and all hives, implements, and apparatus, honey and supplies on hand, or used in cjnnection with such apiary, and distinctly designate each colony or apiary which is infected, and notify the owner or person in charge of said bees thereof, in writing or otherwise; and the owners of said bees, or the persons in charge thereof, practically and in good faith to apply, and thereafter fully and effectually car- ry out, to and upon such diseased colonies, such treat- ment as may have been prescribed by the said inspec- tor for such cases; also thoroughly disinfect, to the satisfaction of the inspector, all hives, bee-houses, combs honey, and apparatus that have been used in connection with any such diseased colonies; or, at his election, the said owner or person in charge of such bees may within the same time, utterly and complete- ly destioy said bees, hives, houses, comb-houses, hon- ey and apparatus by first killing the bees (by the use of sulphur fumes when the bees are in the hives for the night) by fire, or bury the same in the ground with a covering of not less than two feet of earth. Section 4.— The County Inspector of bees shall have the right to enter the premises of any bee-keeper where the bees are kept, and inspect such bees; and any person resisting or refusing to allow said inspec- tion by said bee-inspector shall be guilty of a misde- meanor, and may be then and there arrested by said bee-inspector or person deputized by him, and brought before a Justice of Peace, and upon conviction shall be fined not les5 than ten dollars nor more than twenly- dve dollars Sect. ON 5.— After inspecting, working with, or han- dling intected hives or fi.'ctures, or handling di.-eased bees, the inspector or other person shall, before leav- ing the premises or proceeding to any other apiary, thoroughly disinfect his own person and clothing, and shall s.e that any assistant or assistants with him have also thoroughly disinfected their clothing and persons Section 6.— The inspector shall have full power in his di-cretion to order any owner or possessor of bees, dwelling in box hives, in api.iries where the disease ex- ists (being mere boxes without frames), to transfer such bees to movable-frame hives within a specified time; and in default of such transfer the same shall become unlawful and the inspector may destroy, or order tor tlestruction, such bo.K hives, and the bees dwelling therein, as a public nuisance Seciion 7. — Should any owner of or keeper of, or other person having diseased bees, or their larvte, or of any affected hives or combs, appliances or utensils for bee-keeping, seb' or barter, or give away the same, or allow the same or auv part thereof to" be moved, such person shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction such per.son shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars. S^.CTiON S.— Should any person whose bee.s have qeen destroyed or treated for foul brood sell, or offer tor sale, any bee-, hives, or appurtenances of any kind, a ter such destruction or treatment, and before being authorized by the in-pector to do so or should he expos; in his bee yard or elsewhere anv infecied comb honey or other infected thing, or conceal the fact tnat such disease exists among his bees, such per- son shall i,e guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon con- viction such person shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than twenty-ave dollars. SECfioN 'J — If an)' owner or keeper of bees knows of, or after being notified by the county bee inspector that foul brood or other infectio is or contagious dis- ease exists in any of the hives in the ao aries owned by or in charge of said persons, and sha'U fail to com- ply within ten days from receiving said knowledge, and the date of receiving instiuctions from the county inspector to cure or destroy the bees or hives, or their appliances, such person shall be guilt> ot a misde- meanor, and upon conviction thereof such per.son shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than twenty five dollars. Section 10 — When the owner or possessor of bees shall disobey the directions of said bee inspector in, curing or destroying any diseased bees, honey, hives, or appliances they shall become unlawful and a pub- lic nuisance, ana the said bee-inspector shall at once destroy said bees, honey, hives, or appliances, and may deputize such additional persons as he may find necessary to effect said destruction. Section 11 —The county inspector shall make a monthly report in writing, under oath, to the Board of County Commissioners, in which report he shall state the days and number of hours in the preceding month spent by him in the actual discharge of his duties and shall in f-aid report state the name of the owner or keeper, and the location of the apiary upon which such time was spent in curing or destroying said bees, together with an itemized account showing the dates and amounts, for what incurred, money spent for any discharge of his duties, and to whom the same was paid, and for what services and considerations such indebtednees was incurred, and accompany said re- port with the affidavits given him under and in pursu- ance of Section 3 of this act, and make full and com- plete report of all he did, and results of his treatment of any apiary. Section 12.— .\fter the county inspector of bees in any county sha 1 make report, as provided in the pre- ceding section, said county commissioner shall allow anl pay to said county inspector of bees two dollars for a tuU day and one dollar for each half-day neces- sarily ani actually employed in the discharge of his duties under this act, togeth«?r with his neces-ary and actual expenses while so employed, to be audited, al- lowed, and paid by the county officers. Section I'A —This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. NO HALF-TONES THIS ISSUE. It will be noticed that in this issue all half-tones are omitted. "We have quite a number of thein on hand; but owing to the 174 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. is fact that a special kind of paper that we have been expecting-, for the printing of such plates, has not arrived, we are put- ting- in a larger number of pen drawings and a larger amount of other matter which we have no doubt will prove to be fully as interesting. In our next issue we hope to begin again the regular series of half tones. POSSIBLE SEVERE WINTER LOSSFS. The reports in regard to losses frcm out- door-wintered bees are decidedly unfavor- able. In seme localities it is stated that the bees have all died off. In others, there are strong indications of dysenter3^ This may be one of the very severe winters. It is impossible at this date to state just what the actual results will be. The failure of the honey crop in California and in Cuba, and possible heavy losses in the northern part of the United States, will put a seri- ous damper on the honey business for 1904. SLATE V. IRON ROOFINGS FOR HIVE-COVERS, AGAIN. We have just been talking with a sheet- metal man regarding the matter cf roofings. He admits that the new tin roofings are very short-lived; that any of the roofings using sheet steel covered with either zinc or lead are very much inferior to the roof- ings m ide of old process iro7i coated with the sdme metals. Genuine galvanized iron — that is, iron covered with zinc— costs over one and a half times as much as sheet steel covered with the same metal. The same is nearly tiue of the lead coated plates. But our sheet metal man urged that sheet steel covered with lead was as good as or bet- ter than the same metal covered with zinc; that ordinary terne (lead- covered) steel plates are very good. Contractors and builders are beginning to demand the iron plates, even at the fear- ful advance in price; for it begins to appear that the sheet steels are dear at any price. Some of them will rust cut in one year's time. Old iron roofings that have been down for twenty years are often as gCKDd as new steel roofings that have been down for only two or three years. It is apparent that we can buy iron roof- ings if we pay enough money. But how is any one going to be sure he is getting what he pays for? I claim to be a fair judge of metals; but I confess I can not see or feel any difference between an iron and a steel plate when covered with tin or zinc. COST OF ISSUING THE LAST REPORT OF THE NATIONAL. In the detailed expense account of the last report of the National Bee-keepers' Association there was one item that was conspicuous by its absence; namely, the ex- pense of printing the report itself. That was, no doubt, due to the fact that the bill for the printing had not been received by General Manager France at the time he prepared his copy. I have since obtained from him a statement cf the entire cost of printing the report, and the amount he re- ceived from advertising in the same. Mr. Hutchinson's bill fur the printing was $141. There were 11 pages of advertising at $6.00 per page, or $66.00 in all, making a net cost of $75.00 for the entire report, or 3 cents per copy. As a general thing, advertising in pam- phlets, reports, and books, is not as profit- able as the same amount of space in peried- icals. It is a difficult matter to secure fr>.m manufacturers and dealers very much ad- vertising in pamphlets; but Mr. France succeeded in getting nearly half the cost of the report in advertising; and by so doing he deserves the thanks of the members. HOME-MADE VERSUS FACTORY HIVES ; WHY THE FACTORY HIVE IS AS CHEAP AS THE HOME-MADE ONE; A REPLY TO EDI- TOR HUTCHINSON. It will be remembered that the editor of the Bee-keepers'' Review and I have been holding a friendly controversy on this sub- ject, he taking the ground that the recent advance in the price of hives is a sufficient warrant for bee-keepers to make their own, or get them made at the local planing-mill. I took the ground that the average clear white-pine lumber, without knots, such as factory hives are made of, costs from $:0 to $60 per 1000 feet in the open market ; that the eight-frame story and-a-half L. hive with Hoffman frames had about 20 feet of lumber, including frames and necessary waste. This would make the bare cost of the lumber, without any work on it, come to anywhere from $1.00 to $1.20 per hive. Fac- tory hives in hundred lots list at $1.25. I admitted, among other things, that some bee-keepers in some localities could make their own hives cheaper th^n they could buy them ; but I did not think that the aver- age person, in an average locality, could save money by making his own. In the last Bee-keepers^ Review the edi- tor in his rejoinder states that he can buy, in his market, lumber with knots in it for $28 per 1000 feet; that he estimates only 10 feet in a hive, not including frames or waste. But he was figuring on a o«^ story hive narrower than the standard, while I was figuring on a story- and- a- half hive in- cluding Hoffman frames, wider, and in- cluding division- board. And he believes, further, that the knotty lumber is good enough; that "the man who buys his own lumber, and has it cut up at the planing- mill, lets these knots go right in; . most of these knots are sound; . . while a loose knot does no harm in the side or bottom of a hive. One or two wire nails driven through the surrounding wood into the knot will hold it in place. Even a knot-hole may be covered, if on each side of the board, by tacking on a piece of tin." I can readily see that some people who make their hives might tolerate this sort of 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 175 lumber with knots nailed into place, and strips of tin nailed over holes where the knots have dropped out; but a )nanufac/iirer who would let such stuff go out to his cus- tomers would be run out of business. Years at(o we furnished hives with sound knots in them; but the trade became so ex- actinij that it demanded clear stock — a de- mand that the large factories at least have met. Bro. Hutchinson goes on to show that hives made of knotty lumber, not including frames nor allowing for waste (for no waste could be allowed for, as every thing goes), can be delivered at his door by the planing-mill, for 37'-< cents per hive; but the fact that he refers to buying lumber 13 inches wide, for covers and bottoms, shows that he is figuring on a smaller hive than the regular eight-frame Langstroth put out by the factories, and one story at that. Bee- keepers as a rule will not have a cover jus f wide enough. It must project at least a little on each side. But the Dovetailed hive takes a little more lumber than one with lap joints depending on nails to give the nec- essary strength, because the lock corner fingers pass by each other, and this makes a difference of i^z inches. 10 inches wide. Mr. Hutchinson also says he can get plenty of 13 inch lumber at S30 per IflOO. True, he can get sufficient for his needs; but the different factories would not be able to get enough of it — that is, of clear stock, 14 inch- es wide, not 13 inches. As a natural con- sequence it is cheaper to use the three-piece cover, which uses slightly more lumber, owing to the overlaping, and here again is an increase in the amount of lumber called for. Bro. Hutchinson has inadvertently left a rather misleading comparison against the manufacturer. One is almost led to believe, until he looks into the matter carefully, that he can make his own hives for 51 cents apiece, as against factory hives at $1.25 in lots of a hundred. Now, if we stop and analyze these figures we shall see what they cover. The 37 '2 -cent hive of Mr. Hutchinson's is made of knotty lumber, some of the knots loose, and the knot- holes covered with pieces of tin; the boards are probably roughly sawn, and possibly not all accurately cut. The hive itself is only about 13 inches wide, outside measure; it has no tin rabbets — at least none are men- tioned, and it has no division-board. The all wood thin-topbar loose hanging frame is considered good enough, and these are purchased of a local dealer for \}i cents apiece, or 14 cents for eight frames, making the whole hive, one story, cost 51 '4 cents. The manufacturer, according to the latest list, in lots of 100, will furnish the standard Dovetailed hive, one inch wider, with di- vision board, tin rabbets, snund clear hun- ber accurately made, with all-wood frames, for 87 cents. Now, thi? same manufacturer can furnish this same hive, if made of knot- ty lumber, of the kind that Mr. Hutchinson describes, for 60 cents, and make the same profit that he now makes on other hives. Now, in saying this, do not get the impres- sion that the Root Co. would at the present time accept orders for hives at this price, of the kind described, until after we get through with our crowd of orders for high- grade hives. We are now behind 30 car- loads, and shall be compelled to see to our regular trade first. The kind of hive that I spoke of in our list, listed at $1.25 in lots of 100, is a 1!4- story hive, and should not in any sense of the word be compared with a home made onestory affair m ide of inferi- or material at 51 cents.* If there is a de- mand for hives made of knotty lumber, at less price, and if we can be assured that cust( mers will not complain, we can furnish them an accurately made hive at a price that will ccmpete with the local mill. Even if a manufacturer does have overhead ex- penses, he is able to buy in hundred-car lots, and put out hives made by machinery that will turn out by the thousands in one day the quantity purchased and the quan- tity made. To make a comparison at all equitable, it should be based on the same kind of lum- ber, the same kind of covers, and the same kind of frames throughout, with or without tin rabbets, and with or without followers. On that basis the inanufacturers stand on about an even footing with the local plan- ing mill when we consider the difference in the workminship. A few years ago I went through a num- ber of bee-yards where there were home- made hives in use. There was not a cover or bottom-board that fitted properl3^ The baards were roughly sawn, and checked and split. The factory-m ide frames would fit seme hives and not others. I distinctly remember watching the owner of one of these yards as he stopped every little while and whittled off the ends of his top-bars in order to get the frames into the hive. I re- member, too, something about the fearful accumulation of burr-cciribs, due to the mix- up in bee-spaces. They varied all the way frrm ^s inch to >2. How he wasted precious time in tearing loose his combs! and the robbers! — all because the hives were im- properly iTiade. The average planing-mill has not the fa- cilities; and even if it does, its proprietor does not understand the importance of ex- treme accuracy in the construction of hives; and where one might be able to save money he might waste valuable time right in the height of the season, when he could least afford it. Now, do not let me be misunderstood, for I fear that already it inay look as if I were trying to grind my own ax. Perhaps I am unconsciously biased; but I hive tried to state the matter fairlj', as I know Mr. H. has. Taking it all in all, Bro. Hutchinson and I do not differ materially when we fig- ure on exactly the same equipment. * It is fair to say that Mr. H. does nr t make this comparii-on bnt a carelf ss reader taking his data is liable to do this without considering all the factors. 176 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 THE LA BOUNTY ONE=PROCESS WAX-EXTRACTOR. By Three Separate Machines. BY S. O. LA BOUNTY. [The reader will get a much better idea of this arti- cle if he understands at the very outset that this pro- cess of wax rendering involves first, a separate and distinct boiler or generator for steam, to stand on the stove ; second, a wax-press located on a platform off from the stove, but haviig a steam-pipe connec- tion to the boiler, and third a refining-che-t connectt-d to the last n^med. Although Mr. La Bounty does not say so, the idea of having a separate boiler is to get the wa'? press down to a convenient working dis- tance, and away from the hot stove. — Kd.] The extractor consists of three principal parts; 1, The generator; 2, The wax-press; 3, The refining-chest. FIG. 1, THE GENERATOR. In the generator, Fig. 1, B shows the water in the generator; C is the offset for pouring in water; D is the pipe connecting with the wax press; E is a piece of asbes- tos hose connecting the pipe projection from the generator with that from the wax press; F is the ste.am tight cover; G is the fasten- ing for holding on the cover. In the wax-press, Fig. 2, A is the body of the press: B is the comb-basket; C is the follower; D is the plain part of the plunger- rod; E is the part of the plunger-rod hiving a thread cut on it; F is the handle-bars: G is the steam-tight cover; H is the p irt of the cover through which the plunger-rod passes; I is an escape for let- ting off the steam before putting on pres- sure; J J are the fastenings for holding on the cover; K is a projection or trough soldered on all around the inside of the press, in which water is placed. The up- per pirt of the comb basket turns outward and downward into this water, thus pre- venting the steam from passing downward outside of the basket, and compelling it all to pass downward throutrh the comb. L is the comb in the basket; M is the part of the comb-basket which is perforated. The upper half is not perforated, as it is not necessary; and the comb will melt more quickly if the steam has to pass downward through it be- fore it escapes. N is the pipe leading to the refining chest; O is the pipe connect- ing with the generator. The plunder rod has a thread cut on the upper half. The lower half of i lis plain. When the comb is first melted it can be easily pressed down half the depth of the plunger-rod by a simple pressure on the handle bars, and then screwed the rest of the way. This is done much more quickly than if there were a thread the whole length of the plunger- rod. In the refining-chest. Fig. 3, A is the body of the chest; B is the steam tight cover; C is the fasteniuif of the cover; D is the re- ceiving wax-dish having handles by which it may be lifted out, and a lip for pouring the wax out into other dishes for cooling; E is the compartment in which the wax strains and purifies when it comes from the press; F is the hot wax, and G the water on which it fioats; H is a strainer through which it strains as it comes from the press; I is an observation-glass in the side of the chest, so that we may at any time see the height of the water in the chest; J is a stop- cock for letting off water, as it will be con- stantly condensing, and some will occasion- ally have to be drawn off; K is the exhaust- pipe through which all steam should pass; L is a dish to receive the drip from con- densing steam. FIG. 2, THE WAX-PRESS. The refining-chest should be high enough from the floor only to admit of putting the dish to catch the drip. The press res's on a box or platform near the stove, and should be as low as possible, but high enough to allow of a slant to t'^e pipe which connects it with the refining-chest. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 177 What are the advantapfes of this press? Rapidity, safety', and facility- of operation. The refinin^chest may b ■ used as an at- tachment to any wax press or extractor by makinf^ the cover steam-tif;ht; and the extra pressure gfiven to the steam thereby will cause the wax to melt much more riipidly, besides doing' away with the dangerous operation of remelting the wax. FIG. 3, THE REFINING- CHEST. The press being- fastened to a small plat- form or box which rests on the floor near the stove the operator can apply the pres- sure much more easily than he can to a press resting loosely on a stove, and where the handle bars will be at least five feet high when raised to their greatest height. The hot wax, instead of being on the stove- pan, where children are liable to tip it over and scald themselves, is in an enclosed chest. Instead of having to remelt the wax, it is all done at one operation. There is a constant pressure on the combs in the bas- ket by the live ^team, as it can not pass downward excepting through the combs. The steam, having so far to descend before making its exit, is under pretty high pres- sure, and will melt the comb more thorough- ly and quickly than an extractor which stinds on the stove, and from which the hot- test steam passes through the pipe through which the wax runs. Lastly, the pressure is applied right in live steam. You will get every dram of wax. There will be no drip over the floor in transferring from the stove to a cold press, nor chilling when the pressure is not applied quickly enough. Should the steam issue around the plun- ger-rod, a wet cloth may be wound around it next to the cover, which will eflfectually prevent it from coming out. [If I mistake not, this general plan has no: been carried out in its entirety by Mr. La Bounty. It is somewhat of a question whether enough live steam could be generat- ed in so small and simple a boiler as is shown in the illustration, sufficient to force a pressure of hot steam into the wax press and from there through the perforated met- al basket into the refining-chest. It is my opinion, having had a great deal to do with the generation of steam, that a much more elaborate boiler would have to be provided. It would require a larger surface to the stove than is here shown. If any pressure were generated at all it would be quite li- able to force the water out of the offset at C, as shown in Fig. 1; and it is questionable whether the steam could be forced from such a generator through the perforatf^d metal in the basket at M, in Fig. 2; for it is un- derstoid, of course, that the trough at K is filled with water, and hence the steam must work its way through the mass of wax, which it may or may not do, depend- ing on the pressure that is applied. I learned from my own experience that there are a good many things on paper in connection with this matter of wax-presses and wax rendering that had to be greatly modified after an extended and repeated test; and there are some things in connec- tion with this method that will not work out as is here stated. However, a more elaborate boiler — something that would cost as much as the wax-press itself — would cause the steam to flow downward and cause a pressure in the wax-press. But there could be no offset at C in the boiler, for the water would be all forced out; in other words, it would boil over.* So much by way of criticism. I trust the reader will not feel that I condemn all of Mr. La Bounty's ideas. He has suggested some good ones. First, it would be conven- ient to have the wax press off from the stove at a convenient height from the floor; and this could be done by having a boiler of the right dtsign and of sutflcient capaci- ty. I believe the refining chest would be a good thing, for it is desirable to have the wax handled all at one heat, to save dis- coloration. Repeated tests have shown us conclusively that every time wax is heated it is darkened very slightly. There is another feature that may or may not have merit; and that is, having the threads cut off from the screw from the point to about half its length. We use in our wax presses a double lead thread by which one turn moves the screw down % inch, and it is my candied opinion that one could turn this down quicker than he could get the threads into the mesh at H, Fig. 2. By the by, the lug H should be on the under side of the cross-arm, to stand the strain of the pressure. Whether this is a mistake of the artist or of Mr. La Bjunty I can not say. Taking it all in all, I question very much whether the average person would be will- ing- to go to the expense of a generator, to * Kit-ht here, perhaps, it woulrl be proper to explain. Water i)i e-s-ure is in direct ratio to Us height in a tank orstandpipf. Rough y speaking, an elevation of two feet of water would give a pressure of about one pound per square inch. To generate .•-ufficient pre s- ure to force th'- ste un up through the thread as spoken of in Fig 2 so that it would be necsaryto confine it wii h a wet rag as '^xplained in the last par- agraph of the article it wo Id require a water eleva- tion of at least two ftet at C, Hg 1 when, in fact, there is supposed to be only about two inches. 178 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 cost nearly as much as the wax-press it- self. By making- steam in the wax-press, so that it can rise up gradually through the mass, it is not necessary to have press- ure or an elaborate boiler. Till the press- ure goes up five cr ten pounds there is but very little increase in the heat of steam over mere vapor. I have had considerable experience in steam heat, and know this is one of the principles that have been laid down by those well up in the art; so I question whether very much will be gained by a separate g-enerator except in the mat- ter^of convenience. — Ed.] A COUPLE OF SUGGESTIONS. An^Excellent Metal-spaced Hoffman Frame; a Hive- tool. BY L. R. PERGUSON. ^ I send a sketch and description of a hive- tool which I find very useful and convenient, fulfilling- the requirements in more ways than any other tool I ever used. The one I use is 1>8 inches wide and 12 inches long, and is made from an old flat file ; but part of a leaf f rom an old buggy or wag- on seat spring would answer very well, and require less forging to draw out the thin end. The thin or chisel end be- ing so wide, it will separate the hive parts without bruis- ing them, as in the use of a screwdri ver ; and the extra length and strength enables one to reach any part of the hive to clean or scrape off burr combs or bits of propolis, tig-hten up bottoms of frames (Danz. ), loosen the di- vision board, loosen bottoms and covers, etc., to much better advantage than with a shorter or more flexible tool. When the end- bars of the division-boards are notched all around, about an inch from the end, as shown in the cut, no matter which side up they are inserted, the hook will easily catch in either the back side or end notches; but care should be taken not to notch so deep as to weaken the end-bars too much. I should also like to submit for your crit- icism a plan for a cast-metal frame-hanger THE FERGUSON HIVE-TOOL. and end-spacer combined, which strength- ens the cover of the frame and reduces the point of contact with the hive to the mini- mum. In nailing up the frame, one nail should be driven down through the top bar into the end-bar to hold the parts in place, when two long barbed or cement coated nails driv- en through the hanger and end-bar into the FERGUSON'S METAL-PROJECTION HOFFMAN FRAME. top-bar, and one short nail through the hanger at the lower end, and clinched in- side the end-bar, would make a f istening- twice as strong- as the ordinary top-bar pro- jection. But their principal merit would be in the fact they are so narrow that there is plenty of room between them for the thumb and finger, and the shape is such as to give a firm hold, thus making the handling of frames much more easy and rapid. For use on the loose unspaced frame, the chances for propolizing are so small that no tool would ever be needed to loosen them; and by slig-htly denting or notching the tin rabbet at regular distances, so the hanger would catch in these notches when slid along the tins, these frames would become perfectly self-spacing; but care should be taken not to make these notches so deep as to interfere seriously with sliding- the frames from side to side of the hive. The outer ends of these hingers being- pointed when a frame is stood on end to give the operator the free use of one hand, the point will enter the cover, or whatever the frame stands on, enough to prevent any slipping off and breaking out the Cf mbs. The use of this hanger would not inter- fere with the standard goods in any way except in the one item of length of top bar; and even this could be sawed off from thrse already in use, and the iron n iled on, thus making useful many old frames with one ear broken off, or loose top bars, and these could then be used with the regular goods. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 179 In repairing- old frames it would be better to use a small screw in place of the small nail at the bottom when the latter could not be clinched tig-ht on account of combs in the frames. This ower fastening- so far down on the end-bar is where the extra strength would be obtained. Harvey, 111. [Your hive-tool is quite similar to others that have been shown in our columns from time to time. Your cast metal frame-hanger I consider to be something- of more than ordinary merit. Indeed, I am not sure but that it is the best metal spacer that has been so far suggested. I respectfully call Dr. Miller's attention to it as being something- in the line of a HoEFm in frame that can not be propolized to an extentastorender it difficult to handle. It can be applied to any Irame in use (Hoffman or unspaced L.) by cutting off the top bar projections as you sugtrest. It could also be used with the regular Hoff- man frames interchangeably. Perhaps a trial of the frame might change my good opinion of it.— Ed.] FUMIQATING COMBS. Long'tongued Bees in Germany; a Swarm in the Open Air. BY F. GKKINER. Bisulphide of carbon has long- been used by the American people for the destruction of vermin of various character. Bee keep- ers h ive employed it to kill wax-moth and their brood, thus protecting combs and comb honey. As it is used here, the chemical is allowed to evaporate, which process pro- duces an explosive gas. I have not dared to make use of it inside of buildings. Dr. Brunnich makes use of the sulphide of car- bon in a different way. He says in Scliweiz. Bienenzeitung: " Sulphide of carbon is a liquid which burns easily, and produces sulphur fumes, as it can not be accomplish- ed by burning sulphur. The liquid burns slowly with a small flame, producing little danger of damaging the combs hanging di- rectly over the burning liquid, which leaves no residue. Any one having used this chemical will never go back to burning sul- phur." A bee- keeping brother across the water is very much enthused over the long-tongued yellow queens from America. He says in Bienen Vater, "After reading so much about the redskins I made up my mind to send for the wonder. The cost, I cared lit- tle about; it was to be a test case. Well, the queen came directly from America, a splendid animal. Never in my life had I seen so large and beautiful a queen. After some difficulty she was safely introduced. During the first few days she laid but few eggs; but after a few weeks' time she be- gan to do business. I was delighted to find the brood-combs in due time look like solid boards, not a cell being skipped. Soon young bees began to emerge. They were slightly lighter in color than the queen, and beautiful to behold. According to the American method I reared 19 line large queen-cells, which nearly all produced very fine queens. Bienen I'ater, Austria, brings an inter- esting description and picture of a swarm of bees with comb structure built under a sort of cover, but not protected b}- hive- walls. The picture was taken during the first year of its existence. It has been win- AN OPEN AIR HIVE. tered through several seasons by being pro- tected by a large rough box being set over the whole. The owner, Herr Simmich, says, " I have made some interesting obser- vation with my free hanging swarm. It has been surprising to me to see what a small cluster the quite populous colony had con- tracted to during the colder days, with the thernTDmeter down to 26°. Bending the combs carefully apart at this time one could easily satisfy himself of a fact which is still doubted by some; viz., that bees in winter will occupy every empty cell inside the cluster. I also observed that bees are constantly in motion, those from the periph- ery changing to the inside. Naples, N. Y. [I notice that you use the terms " bisul- phide of carbon" and "sulphide of car- bon." From the fact that j-ou refer to Dr. Brunnich in connection with the sulphide of carbon, one is almost led to believe there is a distinction between the two. I am in- formed by one of our druggists that bisul- phide, disulphide, and sulphide of carbon are all synonymous; but that the last-men- tioned name is almost gone out of use. But I never detected any sulphur fumes with bi- 180 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Ffb. 15 sulphide of carbon. The odor was quite different; and this leads me to believe that you a-d Dr. Brunnich are passibl3' refer- ring lo another chemical. I I have wondered if it would not be an in- teresting experiment for several of us to make an open-air hive, something like the one shown in the illustration. It would probably be necessary to fasten in some combs, then put an inclosure around it un- til the bees had got the combs well filled with brood and honey; then remove the in- closure, and use the hive as an exhibit or curiosity to show to visitors. It goes with- out saying, that the colony should be powerful, or at least able to make a strong defense against robbers during a dearth of honey. Such an exhibit would be very in- teresting at a bee sh:>w or f lir. — Ed ] EvSTERN HONEY IN PAPER BAGS. The Importance of Well rpened Honey for Candy- ing; a Valmble Article, BY J. A. (iKEEN. Dr. Miller wonders if the Coloradoans have a monopoly of the paper- bag package, and expresses the opinion that other kinds of honey than alfalfa might not work in pa- per bags — at least not without draining — while the editor is of the opinion that East- ern h )uey should be fully drained before it is put into bags. If it were not that I have so frequently come across su ;h expres- sions in regard to hone}' produced in the middle and eastern States, I would almost want to rub my eyes and wonder if 1 am dreaming when I imagine that I once pro- duced honey in the East. Why, Dr. M. and E R., back in dear old Illinois, not so very many miles from Marengo, I have pro- duced tons of honey from which, when fully candied, you could hardly any easier have drained any liquid, without melting it, than you cjuld from a newly burned brick! I have also bought Wisconsin honey that was almost as hard and dry as any alfalfa hon- ey. Furthermore, fifteen years or so ago, when I lived at Dayton, 111., and wrote for Gleanings somewhat oftener than of late 3'ears, I put up honey in p iper myself — not in bags. I did not get quite that far. Still, it was in paper, and it worked all right. Although 1 had sjld a great deal o1 can- died honey in paiis and various other small packages, I had never found any way inwhich any quantity of candied honej' in small packages could be disposed of without per- sonal solicitation. As 1 studied over va- rious schemes for remedying this condition of affairs I was impressed with the immense quantities of sweets that were consumed in the shape of confectionery. I reasoned that, if we could only put up honey so that it could be sold and eaten like a caramel, for instance, a new market for enormous quan- tities of honey could be secured. By folding little squares of paper about a form, I made me a number of little boxes of various sizes, from an inch square to some holding a pound of honey. These little box- es, square or oblong, were set closely to- gether in a shallow tray, to make them keep their shape; honey was poured in. and they were set away to harden, after which the edges of the paper were folded over the top. In some respects the results were very sat- isfactory. I had neat square packages of dry hard honey that kept in perfect condi- tion until the heat of summer. But I decid- ed it was too much labor for the busy bee- keeper to undertake. Commercially, the manufacture of a candy that required days, or pjssibl}' weeks, to harden, instead of minutes or hours, and that cauld be made only at cert lin seasons of the year, would require too much in the way of space and fixtures to be profitable. My larger packages were intended to be sold for table u»e, but my experience in that line had been so discouraging that I did not trrasp the possibilities of the situa- tion as Aikiu did, but dropped them along with the rest, and relegated the whole to the limbo of manj' another of my brilliant schemes. The point I wish to make is that the hon- ey of Illinois, and probabh' that of most of the other States, if of good quality, and properly handled, is nearly as well adapt- ed to use in a paper package as that of Colorado. There are two points that should be ob- served. First, the honey must be thorough- ly ripened — not that which his been ex- tracted when only a third or a half of the cells were sealed, but that In which every cell has been sealed; and it is all the bet- ter if it has been allowed to remain on the hives or in a very warm place for several weeks after this. I think nothing has done so much to discourage the use of extracted honey as the marketing of an article a con- siderable proportion of which is ihin. raw, and unripened. Such honey will not candy perfectly. The second important point is that the hone}' should never be put into the final re- ceptacle before it has begun to granulate. Leave it in your honey-tank or other large receptacle until it begins to granulate, then stir thoroughly and draw off into the small packages. The stirring changes the mode of crystalliz ition so that honey that would granul.ite with coarse crj'stals, with more or less liquid between, granulates with a fine grain, hard and dry. Besides this, it will be consideral>ly lighter in color. Sim- ply waiting until the honey begins to grain, then drawing it off, will usually suffice, but the stirring is much more effectual. Instead of the waxed paper sacks that have been thought necessary, I would use those of ordinary paper, and, if desirable, in order to make a more sightly package, or avoid any chance stickiness, put another wrapper of paper around it. A very an- noying feature of the waxed sacks that have been sent out is that almost all of them will leak; whereas the ordinary paper sack, 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE, 181 even Ihose of light weight, will usually hold honey perfectly. Grand Junction, Colo. [Yes, I remember when you were working and expv rimentini;- with extracted honey; and I rcc ill, too, i^me paper packages that 3'ou seut us for inspection. At the time, we (father and I) considered them a f^reat ac- quisition, and we thought they would make quite a furore in the bee- keeping world; but perhaps, as is the case with so many other things, the times were not then ripe for it, and it had to go over till the present. We have put up candied honey ourselves that was as drj' and hard as any Colorado product I ever saw; but, nevertheless, it is a fact th it a good deal of the honey in the E-ist is not solidifitd entirely. An exami- nation of the bottled honey on the grocery she ves will show this. Then it is true that Eastern honey does not have quite the ten- dencj' to granulate as does the ordinary al- falfa honey of Colorado; and it should, therefore, be handled with some degree of caution. We have been putting up candied honey in paper very successfully during the past month; but we find it belter to allow the honey to granulate in a large can so it is about as thick as soft mush, but not so stiff that it \\ill not rua out of a large gate into paper bags. It is allowed to stand in a cold place for about two weeks, when it will be nearl}' as hard as a brick. We have lots of candied honey put up in Aikin paper bags on our shelves, that look as perfect and nice as any put up by iriend Aikin himself. The two points that you emphasize, of having well-ripened honey, and then hav- ing it partially candied before being fin.dl- ly put up in receptacles, are very, very im- portant. The same things are emphasized in the symposium in our last issue. By the way, friend Green, I wish you would let your light shine as it once did in years gone by. I am sure you are constant- ly picking up new ideas, and the bee-keep- ing world would greatly appreciate it if you wou'd write as you used to do when you held forth in Illinois. I used to count J. A. Green, whea I took editorial charg'e of this journal, as long ago as 1885, as one of the reliable standard writers. I used to put him on a level with Dr. Miller, G. M. Doo- little, and others I might name. I would like to put him in the same honorable crowd now if he would favor us with his presence, even if only on paper. I am sure that a dry climate like that of Colorado can not have dried up all his ideas. — Ed.] winter we used three, five, and ten pound lard-pails painted in various bright colors, and stenciled. The honey here nearly al- ways candies; and when it candied, we generally sold most of it that way, pinning on the handle of each bucket one of your honey-leaflets, with price and kind of hon- ey written on it, and also sticking on one of your little "Take Notice" tickets, telling how to liquefy the honey. But the pails did not just suit us for can- died honey. We wanted something that would mold the honey into a good shape, and when we first read of the bags we said they were just what we had been wishing for; so we sent to you for a lot of them, and thej' are a grand success. People who like candied honej- say they are the nicest thing they ever saw; "like it better than comb honey;" "didn't know candied honey was so good," and many are learning to use it that way who never used it before. One lady in the South, who has honey that does not candy, to w-hom I sent some of the small bags, saj^s, "The houej^ is su- perb; esthetic sweetness; beautiful to the eye, the touch, and the palate; better than the best cream candy." The sm iller sacks are used whole on the table. The larger ones people slice right off through the paper, and then peel only the slice, so the rest keeps nicely in the sack. This winter we sell liquid honey only in buckets and cans, and candied hon- ey by the sackful, and we doa't know whether there is anj^ one else now living who can invent nicer packages for extract- ed honey. But our honey candies perfectly dry and hard — not a drop of liquid, sticky, inferior portion to it, and so it doesn't need any draining or refining or purifying; and if we heat it no scum will rise. We make the bees do all that work, and ripen it up to 12 lbs. to the gallon. Our ripest and thickest honey always candies first; and this year we had to hurry to get it into the sacks before it should get too thick to run; and by Oct 22 we had honey by the sack- ful on the market. Mrs M. A. Shepard. Barry, Ills. [This emphasizes the point made by Mr. Green, that the honey must be thorughly ripened. We should be glad to hear from othtrs who have used the bags. — Ed.] BAGS FOR CANDIFD HONEY "a GRAND SUC- CtSS;" EASTKRN HONhY ENTIRELY SUIT- ED FOR THE PURPOSE. For years we have been putting up ex- tracted honey mainly in glass in summer — pint and quart Mason jars (sometimes with a piece of comb in also), and in fall and HONEY THAT DIDN'T CANDY IN A ZERO TEMPERATURE. While liquefying honey this winter out of sixtj'-pound cans to put up in small pack- ages, two cans were neglected and left out in a woodshed where the temperature ran 10 below zero. One can of the first extract- ing and one of the last, to my surprise, were not the least bit candied, while all that were kept in a warm room were can- died. Thin I divided both cans, putting half in a warm room and the rest back in the cold. What I put in the warm room soon candied, while that left out in the zero tem- 182 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. is perature remained liquid. As this is so contrary to the teachings, I thought I would mention it. J. F. Orishaw. Hastings, Ont., Jan. 25. [Whj-, friend O.. this is certainly con- trary to all my experience. I should ha.ve said what you kept in a warm room might candy or it might not; but that exposed to a zero temperature I should have felt sure would cand\' hard and solid. Has anj'body else had a similar experience? — A. I. R.] LANGSTROTH'S INVENTION OF THE BEE=SPACED MOVABLE FRAME. His Claims of Priority Well Established ; the Cruel Persecution that was Waged Against him Years Ago. BY H. J. O. WALKER. Mr. Root: — I subscribe to Gleanings through the British Bee Journal, and I am now trjing to obtain a little information from you. Kindly read the following ex- tract, translated from "Nouveau Manuel complet du Proprietaire d'Abeille, etc.," by A. Martin. Paris, 1828. BLAKE'S HIVE. This hive is used with trmch success iu America It consi ts of a square box, of whxh tlie upper T^art is a hinged cover. At about two-thirds of the height of the box is a horizontal partition formtdof small bars ouK' three lines i/'j inth) apart. C)n this partition are placed lectanculdr bottomless boses, shaped like a drawer, in s^ifficient number to fill all the space above it. The cover is tlien shut down. To take honey, the boxes are removed by means of rings attached to their upper face, when fresli boxes can be substituted. Buzairies, in his "Hives Ancient and Modern," Par s, 1863, page 40, inserts the above extract from Martin, introducing it as follows: "To find the first example of a frame hive with two stories, we must seek it in the New World. Blake appears to have been its inventor." He gives in illustration a sketch of a hive , apparently drawn to suit Martin's description. Mar- tin gave no illustration. The substance of the above quotation from Martin also appeared in Italian in the Florence Journal of Science in 1825. I want you to be kind enough to inform me from your own knowledge, or from those who ought to know, whether there was any published authority on your side of the At- lantic; and, if so, what, for this description of Blake's partition super hive? You are well aware how, when the validity of Langstroth's patent was in question, any thing previously in use in the nature of a frame hive, such as those of Prokopovilsb, Munn, etc., was freely discussed; but I have sought in vain for any mention of Blake in the journals of the period. I am unwilling to believe that Martin was draw- ing on his imagination. Will you, then, help me in this matter in which I am par- ticularly interested? I can think of no one else so likely to be able to do so. Leeford, Eng., Dec. 12. [We have copies of all the patents that have been issued on any thing pertaining to bee culture in the United States. No American patent touching the subject of hives or bee culture in general was issued before 1831; and it is surprising how large a number were introduced during that year, indicating that there might have been a general awakening about that time. But Mr. Blake's name does not appear among these early applicants. I have recently been over the subject in the old volumes of the Aniericati Bee Jour- nal, reading with considerable interest (and disgust) the cruel controversy that arosedur- ingthe late60's and early 70"s over the validi- ty of the Langstroih patent covering the use of movable frames, and assailing Lang- stroth's personal honor and integrity as well. His opponents searched the world over for some scrap of a description antedating the principles set forth iu the orig-inal Lang- stroth patent. While they referred freely to Munn, Prolvopovitsh, Berlepsch, Dzierzon, and Debeauvoys, and perhaps half a dczen others, no mention, sofar as I am aware, w'as made of this man Blake. From the meager description you have furnished, there is no evidence to show that he in any wise anticipated the Langstroth patent; for it must be ur;derstood that Mr. Langstroth did not claim to invent movable frames; but he did claim to invent the first practical frame for handling bees. His patent covered the principle of a bee-space around the frame, top. sides, and bottom, and a bee-space between the frames, the same supported by a projection or a con- tinuation of the top bar in such a way that any one of them could be removed without tearing or breaking loose the propolis con- nections between the hive and frame except at the small point of contact in the rabbet where the frame was supported. In later years, I think about 1886 or '7, the late Charles Dadant went over this whole ground again. No man was better posted on this subject than he, for he was cotemporary with Langstroth ai;d all the early writers when this subject came up in the early days. After a full and thorough investigation based on new developments he gave it as his opinion that no one had an- ticipated Langstroth in his invention of a bee-spaced movable frame. This opinion is concurred in, I believe, now by all the best writers in Europe, prominent among whom may be named Thomas W. Cowan, editor of the British Bee Journal, who prob- ably has a larger library relating to bees than any other person in the world. In this connection I might remark that we have here at our own office a ver}' complete li- brary of old bee books, some of them so old that thej^ go clear back to the time of the first printed translation of the Bible in Eng- lish. In not one of these old volumes is there mention made of a frame that embod- ied the principle of the original Langstroth frame patented in 1852. It is one of the burning shames that so 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 183 pood a man as father Langstroth should have had hurled at him the abuse and cal- umn3' that was heaped on him by liie early apicultural writers from 1868 to 1872. But now that the smoke of battle has cleared awaj', calm judgment without prejudice has shown thiit Langstroth was not antici- pated; and the whole apicultural world is glad to do honor to the man who made the first great invention to simplify hive ma- nipulation and to make possible the im- mense progress that has been made in these latter days.— Ed] WHAT KIND OF FOOD TO GIVE COLONIES SHORT OF STORES. Some Interesting Experiments Showing Candied Honey to be the Best Winter Food. BV JOHN FIXTER. Owing to the past unfavorable season for hooey-gathering in the Ottawa Valle3^ many letters have been received fr m peo- ple who have only a few colonies of bees, stating that, when carrying their bees into winter quarters, they had discovered there did not seem to be a sufficient store of hon- ey in the hive to carry the bees through the winter. To gain information as t ) the best method of overcoming this difficulty the fol- lowing experiment was tried with six strong colonies of bees. Four frames of sealed honey were taken from each of the six colonies, leaving the cluster on the four remaining frames. The four frames were left in the center of the hive with a division-board at each side, and some light packing was placed between the division-boards and the sides of the hive. The wooden covers were removed, and a large propolis quilt made of heavy canvas was placed over the top of each hive. Over the top of the propolis quilt extra packing was placed to keep in the heat, absorb moisture, and prevent drafts or up- ward ventilation. The bo tom-boards were left on as they came from the bee yard, leaving the entrances wide open The experiment was as follows: 1. Two colonies received maple sugar of the best quality. 2. Two co.onies received candied honey and sugar. 3. Two colonies received partly filled sec- tions of honey. Each colony when put on this test weighed 31 pounds, and each was given 5 pounds of its p:irticular food to start with. The ex- periment lasted from November 18, 1902, to March 22, 1903. The two colonies fed on maple sugar con- sumed 11/2 pounds each. They were ex- amined every two weeks, and water added to the sugar throu2:h holes in the tops of the cakes, keeping it soft and moist. The two colonies fed on partly filled sec- tions of honey consumed during the same time 1434 pounds each. There was, for several reasons, considerable waste in this test; and if partly filled sections could be sold even at a reduced price it would be ad- visable to do so instead of feeding back. The two colonies that were given candied honey consumed 10;'4 pounds each. The candied honey was moistened at intervals, which made it easier for the bees to suck up Candied honey is made as follows: Take good thick clover honey and heat (not boil) it until it becomes very thin; then stir in fine granulated sugar. After stirring in all the sugar the honpy will absorb, t.ke it out of the utensil in which it has been mix- ed, and thoroughly knead it with the hands. The kneadiny:' makes it more pliable and soft, so that it absorbs (or, rather, takes up) more sugar. The kneading operation, with the adding of fine sugar, should be continued until the dough is so stiff as to be quite hard to work. It should then be allowed to stand for a day or two; and if at the f nd of that time it is so soft as to run or to be sticky, a little more sugar should be kneaded in. It should be cut into con- venie it-sized cakes, and placed on top of the frames in such a way that the iDces can get at it easily. The colonies in all three tests came through in excellent condition. Any one of the three methods may be safelj' followed; but I would sironglj' recommend examining and weighing all bees the first week in September. At that time every colony should have a good laying queen, and should weigh over 50 pounds. In seasons when there is no fall flow of honey, all col- onies in Langstroth hives -weighing less than 50 pounds in September should be fed- up to that weight at least. The best method for getting colonies up to the required weight is, when extracting, to save several full well-sealed combs, then remove some of the light ones out of the hives and replace them with the heavier full frames. If no honey is available, feed sugar syrup. This latter plan is a rather tedious one, and great care must be taken not to daub the hives or appliances, as rob- bing at this season of the year is very easi- ly started, and very hard to stop. Sugar syrup may be made as follows: Use the best grade of granulated sugar, two parts to one of water, by weight. The water should first be brought to a boil, then the pan or vessel set back on the stove so that the boiling will not continue, but the water be kept sufficiently hot to dis- solve all the sugar. The sugar should be poured in slowly, and thoroughly stirred until all is dissolv- ed. The syrup should then be fed in a lukewarm condition. Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Can. [These experiments are interesting and valuable, more especially as they confirm the result of similar experiments made by others. It would have been interesting to know what the consumption of stores would have 184 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 been in the case of a colony fed on pure su- gar syrup. It is my opinion thai the loss would have been less than any of the other foods above described. The idea of using- canditd honey as a winter food is a good one. When one is short cf ccmbs cf sealed stores this will make an excellent substi- tute.—Ed.] The Fust Time (an' the Last). [While on a recpnt visit at Medina, artist Murray took an automol)lle ride with A. 1. R. around town, and finally down to our cemetery. In one of his private letters he sent us a sketch and a few line- of verse de-crihing his sens.itions while on i his ride. For the benefit of our readers we repro- duce the whole here.— KdJ ARTIST MURRAY'S SKXSATIONS WHEN RIDING IN THE AUTOMOB LE WITH A. I. R. Whew ! Yer leel .sorter dizzy round the legs, When autoing first takes hold. An' kinder shiverj' down the spine Wilh -pells of hot an' cold. Yer feel the feathers on yer back Puff up an' move ahoui — ■yer 'confidence" has taken wings, An' yer innards all turned out. Things .seem allfired on e-knee, An' yer swallnw mighty fast. Fur yer don t know how things '11 end. Nor how long the spell will 1 i.st. As yer ^'Ounce 'tween heav'n an' ear'h, Yer feel quite serious round the gills, And things go twistiniziiig by, Kach one in fancy fiills. L,and s-iikes! whv was I ever coaxed Into th' tarnal pesky tiling? Thar ain't a bles<-pd thing ler grab 'Cept that chaflfer with his grin. No doubt he thinks it s awful futl Ter jerk the thing about : But I lell yer, yer feci qu te odd When ha:f wa\ in an' half way out. Gimminy cr^ut ! Mr. Chaffer, Don't yi r .see that pond ahead? Monumen s ain i of interest. Nor tales where heroes bled ! Great -^cott ! Just let me outen this — Ii's no pi ice here for me — An' I 11 put up a p^ter-nostruln, An' howl aloud in glee. I ain't hank'ring now to fly By the D ivius or l,angley wav; Jes' let me feel my fret on ground, Ati' there by gum, I'll s'ay. Bet you'll have to take a derrick To get m-- on again To sit hes de that chaffer bold, ' If s" to have a leetle spin !'' Cleveland, O. R. V. Murray. WHAT IS BEE-POISON? Regarding bee- poison, I inclose a copy of the paragraph I was looking for when we were discussing the topic. It was in an- other book after all — one that I had recent- ly been reading. By the way, the book from which the ex- tract was made is particularly interesting. It is entitled, "The Camtyidge Natural History." Arthur C. Miller. Providence, R. I. According to Carlet, the poison of the bee is formed by the mixture of Ihe Sttret'onof two glands one of which is acid and the ot er alkaline ; it is very deadly iu its effects on other insi cts. We shall ste, howc ver, that the fossorial hymenoptera, which catch and sting living prey for their joung. frequently do not kill luit only stupefy it, and Carlet stales that in this group the alUaline gland is absent or atrophie 1, .so that the poisoti consi.-ts onlv ot the acid ; it is thus, he thinks, deprived of its hthl powtr. Moreover, in the fossoria the needles are destitute of barb-, so that the still? does not ten a n in the wound. Bordas. how- ever, states that in all th-^ numerous hymenoptera he has examined, both aci I ami alka ine glands exsl. but exnibit co siderable differ, nces of form in ihe various groups He gives no explanation of the variety of effects of the poison of diffei eut aculeata. [I will explain that Mr. Miller and T met recently in Boston, at the place of business of Mr. F. H. F.irmer. We were disctissing the nature of bee-poison, when Mr. Miller said he had just been reading something bearing on that very question, and would send me the reference later, and here it is. —Ed.] V ¥ . .." ■ fe-4Q OBJECTIONS TO FEXCE.S; BUT PLAIN SEC- TIONS Favored. To produce our crop in the very best way many things have to be considered that even old timers h.^ve not thoroughly mastered. The first step for the next year is taken when you order 5'our sec- tions, and bee keepers are not at all agreed which is best. I had about all kinds the past season, as I ran short and had to use what I could get; and such a conglomer- ation I hope never to have again. Now, while scraping and crating the honey I did a whole lot of thinking. I have used the four- piece 4 '4 sections for many years, and, notwithstanding the higher cost, I sdll prefer them. The same- sized one piece plain sections, how- ever, run them a very close sec- ontl. Indeed, the latter have some advantages that maj' induce me to adopt them exclusivelj'. One reason is that thej' take less space in the shipping-cases. Then, too, thev cost less, and can be put to- gether more quickly. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 185 As to separators, my conclusions do not favor the fences. I have used these quite extensively; but with me there is too much trouble with brace comb; also, in a few 3'ears the bees will gnaw the strips and thus leave the combs ribbed. I do not think 1 am mistiken as to the greater lia- bility of the bees attaching more combs to the fences than to plain smooth wojd sepa- rators; and I notice that the trouble is worse when the tall sections are used. I now use the plain wood separators with the strips glued on, as on fences, as I can see no use for the spaces between strips any way. Manj' years ago Betsinger tried to introduce a wire-cloth sep trator of '4 inch mesh, and what a failure it wasi Nut only did the bees attach lots of burr- comb to it, but I actually had them use these separa- tors for the middle of the cumb, probably ■mistaking them for some new fangled kind of foundation. 1 trust that I shall not in- terfere with the Rott Co. in the sale of fence separators; but we all w lut to know the facts in the case, and it will be just as easy to make a solid board separator as so many strips. The prospect for a g'ood honey harvest in 1904 is so far all that can be desired, and much vexation and hurry can be saved by preparing ever}' thing" possible for it now. Milan, 111. C. H. Dibbern. [We want the truth, cut where it may. Let us have reports.- — Ed. J WHY THE BEES DON'T PAY ON THE COAST AT SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. I was about to start with a hive or two in connection with my chicken-ranch; but a few years ago a man started here and gave it a good trial, and for some reason or other he gave it up. He went then and started somewhere about six miles from Los Angeles, and is now doing well with the bees. Before he left here he got some experienced bee-men to come to his place to see if they could find out why the bees would not work. He had also to feed them with sugar in the winter or else they would eat all the honey. These men could give no reason why the bees would not work, except that they might be too close to the salt water, this place being only about one mile from the sea. There are also a great many fogs here, and perhaps that may have something to do with it. 1 have one of four hives which I got at Smith's cash store, San Francisco, and find that the frames are only half as deep as his, and that may also have a little to do with it, J. Lewin. San Francisco, Cal. [The seasons vary in California, and in southern portions of the State there are only about two good seasons out of five, so that some years the bees practically starve to death; in fact, thousands of colonies have died in the off years. The keeping of bees along the coast is not nearly so profitable as a few miles inland. A mile or so from the shore, in the vicinity of San Franciso, is too cold, usually, to get good results. If you go inland about ten miles it will be warmer: but be sure to get into a territory where alfalfa is grown, or the bees might starve to death. You can, however, keep a few colonits in connection with 3'our chick- ens, and get fairly good results; but the further 30U can get them from the cold winds of the ocean the better. The writer does not know of any extensive bee keepers directly on the coast in the vicinity of San F^rancisco. As a rule you will find them a few miles inland, where it is warmer. — Ed.] atwater"s entk\nce-contr actor. To-day, while looking at one of your bot- tom-boards with a deep entrance, I was wishing for some simple and che ip entrance- contractor and m luse guard, and. presto! I had the idea. I made one at once, and it fi'l> t ,e b r. It does not need to be tack- ed in place, as its wedge shape allows it to be pressed into the entrance It fits any depth of entrance, from y% to 1^ inches deep, when made ot % lumber, and contracts thtm all to ,i4 X9>2 inches, which is m)U9e- proof. If mice should ever gnaw them, which I doubt, coat with carbolineum, which is more than distasteful to mice, but no detriment to bees when it has dried thor- oughly. E. F. Atwater. Bnse, Idaho, [This is an excellent idea. Perhaps the svipply m muf iC'urcrs better furui&h thtm to tlie gener.ii public. I have seen nothing" anv better for the purpose, or rather, I shcu'd say nearly so good. The fact it will fit any standard entrance in usi-, and hold its place, are two strong" points in its favor.— Ed.] death op- W. R. graham, OF TEXAS. Njv. 27, 1903, W. R, Graham, of Green- ville, Tex., passed away. He was one of the leading bee keepers of Texas, and has always, up to within a few months of his death, been willing and ready to assist bee- keepers in any way he could consistently. Mr. Graham was born in Jouesville, Va., Jan. 14, 1828. He professed religion in his nineteenth 3ear. He was married to Miss Eletta Poteet in 18^1. He was the "lather of nine children, of which five survive him. He moved to Texas in If 74, settling in Greenville, where he has since lived. He organized the Texas State Bee-keepers' As- sociation, and was its president for several years, when the late Dr. W. K. Marshall was elected president until death; and at the next meeting" after Dr. Marshall died, Mr. 186 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 Graham was elected president for life. His occupation from childhood was bee-keeping; and after coming- to Texas he also manu- factured bee-keepers' supplies. He was al- ways pleasant to all about him, and never seemed to tire of talking bees. He has oft- en remarked to the writer that, when he had honey to sell, he was always able to rattle silver in his pockets. He managed bees by hundreds of colonies, and was always suc- cessful. His kind words and pleasant smiles will be g^reatly ruissed at the conven- tion, and by those who lived around him. A Friend. CLEVELAND'S BEE-ESCAPE AND NAIL- SPACED BROOD-FRAME. I am sending you a box containiag' a bee- escape, and also a corner of a brood- frame which I got up recently. You will, of cour>;e, see the "points" of the brood frame. It is " non-gumable, " self spacing, and strong-. The ends give better room for nailing- than other frames; are stronger, and can not be put together with a "wind" in them. A starting- hole should be made in the end-bar for the hang-- CLEVELAND'S BROOD-FRAME. nail to prevent splitting, and insure accu- racy. The head of the nail is to hang^.over the rabbet tin, and to do end spacing- with- out staples. They are cheaper to make than the Hoffman, and stronger in construc- tion than any I have seen. CLEVELAND'S BEE-ESCAPE. The escape I make myself, and have used it in my apiary two years, and like it bet- ter than any other. To operate, a stick to close a hive-opening- is notched to take in the escape. The super is taken off and set on an ordinary bottom- board, and a cover put on, and the escape applied to the en- trance, when it may be set on top of the hive, or several supers may be piled up where convenient. The advantages I find in it are, the bees are disturbed but once; no special bottom- board is required; several supers maybe put in a pile, and the escape is on the out- side, the natural place for the bee to go to get out. Practically it works to perfection. Hinsdale, 111. R. D. Cleveland. [This escape is, no doubt, a very good one; it is, however, old. The principle of it is practically the same as the one shown in our issue for May 15, 18stl, page 430, but patented as far back as June 26, 1860. In our A B C of Bee Culture for i891 we showed an escape making use of a row of pins piv- oted to a common shaft, the same as is shown in the illustration below. This, Mr. Walter S. Pouder brought out in 1884; so it appears that this form of escape is the oldest known. The objection urged at the time against this "flood-gate" principle was that the pin-points would become propolizid down. The same objection would apply to the one here shown, in some localities and with some bees. When they become gummed up too badly they could be readily cleaned by immersing in hot water. The brood -frame here shown embodies the well-known principle of frame support and of frame spacing. The correspondence in our office shows that quite a large num- ber of people have been using this princi- ple for many years. It has been illustrat- ed in various forms for a number ef years back. — Ed.J THE STAKKEY COVER. I noticed, on page 71, Mr. H. H. Root's description of Mr. E. E. Star key's hive- cover. I should like to hear from Mr. Root as to how Mr. Stanley keeps bees from building in the same. Please give depth of cover. W. H. Ragan. Thibodeaux, La., Jan. 23. [This was referred to H. H. Root, who is attending school at the Northwestern Uni- versity at Evanston, Ills. He answers as follows:] Perhaps in the article referred to I did not make the description of the hive-cover sufficiently clear. It might be called a telescopic cover, three inches in depth, with the sides or walls of wood, and the top or roof of water-proof canvas. This canvas lies right on the tops of the frames. The bees can not get into the cover at all. for, no matter how much the frame warps or twists, the canvas will always lie flat upon the top of the hive. H. H. Root. CONSUMERS getting DISGUSTED WITH THE CHEAP CORN SYRUPS. You spoke of cheap syrup on the market, Jan. 1. Why, the countrj' stores are full of it here in Maine, under the name of corn syrup, golden drip, etc. But the stores that 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULIUKE 187 I furnish with honej', are going- out of it. I was in a store last summer where they had it in f^flass tumblers, with a small piece of comb in the middle, and labeled "white- clover honey." I told the grocer it wasn't honey — it was g-lucose. He said he knew it, and it didn't sell worth a cent. I sold him 28 lbs. of comb honey, and that was all sold before a week. The next time you come to Maine, make me a call. N. Palermo, Me. G. F. Turner. [T made only a flying- business trip up in- to your State, stopping only long enough to see Mr. J. B. Mason, of Mechanic Falls, and returning the same day. I thank you for 30ur invitation, and will try to bear 3-ou in mind when next I go into your State. Say, I should like to know whether it is true in other localities that consumers are getting tired of these cheap corn syrups. Some of them are positively vile. Let us hear from others. — Ed.] FINDING OUEENLFSS HIVES BY THE "HUM" OF BKES AT THE ENTRANCE, ETC. I began the season of 1903 with 14 colo- nies; and as they had done so badly the year before I had to feed nearly all winter; and when spring came they had to be fed. But I got them built up so they began to swarm about June 1, and I let them swarm. I bought two swarms of a neighbor for 55 cents each, or 10 cents a pound, and fur- nished the hives; then I got three swarms in the woods, where I took up bee-trees by saving the brood combs, so when fall came I bad 40 colonies and about 650 lbs. of comb hone J'. In passing through the yard in the latter part of September I could tell by the hum of the bees which ones were queenless. I found that I had five queenless, so I set to work to give them queens; so when I was called to take up honey for my neighbors, and found a queen to suit me, I would just save her; and the bees take them home and run them in. BUYING BEES IN THE FALL THAT NEED FEEDING UP. I got the other day in a trade, nine boxes of bees, some in boxes of unnamable shapes, so that the nine gums of bees cost me. all together, only 75 cts., varying in weight from 33 to 83 lbs.; and with a little feeding they will all pull through. Holden, Mo. Geo. H. Wells. [That is a good point, friend W., about finding (|ueenless colonies by just looking and listening at the entrance. In visiting bee-keepers I have often pointed out colonies that were queenless by the action, and by listening, as you state. Anj'one can learn to do this pretty surely by practicing when- ever he has a chance. A colony wi'hout a queen, and without brood, shows a lack of life and spirit, and the sound made by the bees seems to be a sad and mournful hum compared with the roar of a hive that is full of brood and wideawake young bees. It is also true that, a great many times, one can find bees in old boxes, that need feeding for winter, where the whole outfit can be bought for a mere song. In my early years of bee culture I made it a point to buy out every- body who wanted to quit the business; and we do that to some extent even yet. The beginner should be careful, however, and not offer a larger price than he can afford to pay. It is quite a little bother to go aft- er bees, transfer them, and feed them up so as to make a sure thing of wintering. — A. I. R.] YELLOW-JACKETS DESTRUCTIVE BEE-ENE- MlhS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. In your issue for Dec. 1 you reply to F. W. Knoeger on yellow-jackets. You appar- ently appear to think wasps are not so very destructive as some make out. Permit me to say that 1 have experienced considerable trouble from them in the autumn here, having watched them often as they boldly enter the hive, in most instances being at- tacked, but, so far as I could see, coming out victorious, usually cutting the bee in two, and making a meal of it, after which they re-entered the hive unmolested. You don't give them any notice as bee-enemies in 30ur ABC. However, all that can be done is done. The entrances are contracted; jars with syrup are placed here and there. This plan catches a lot of them, and, lastly, re- wards are given to those finding their nests. While writing you from a country where we have a lot of rain in the winter, with very little frost, and then never down to zero, let me ask, is it advisable to put the bees under a cheap open shed with only a roof, or to leave thtm on their summer stands under the rain? Geo. H Roe. Courtenay, V. I., British Columbia. MOSQUITO-HAWKS AND YELLOW- JACKETS IN FLORIDA. On page 1010 W. H. Marshal, of Punta Gorda, Fla. , writes of the mcsquito hawk, or dragon- li 3', and of its destructiveness in the apiar3'. I also am troubled by this pest, at times, but not to the extent Mr. Marshal seems to be; and my experience as to their time of flight is somewhat differ- ent from his. Here they fly more strongly in the evening, or, rather, late afternoon, and in the early morning, and but rarely in the middle of the day unless it be a dull cloudy one. I must admit that m3' bees ap- pear to be less intelligent than Mr. Mar- shal's, or more reckless; for when there is any thing for them in the fields they per- sist in going out for it, regardless of mos- quito hawks. On the same page Mr. F. W. Knoeger tells of an attack by yellow-jackets on his bees. They have been very troublesome to the bees here this fall; in fact, I have never seen them any thing like so numerous be- fore; but I can not find where they have effected an entrance in any case. Great 188 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 numbers have been killed by the bees, as their bodies in front of the hives testify. I saw them in several places working- at the bodies or fragments of bees, seemingly in an efifort to extract what juices lemained, or possibl}' they make use of the more solid matter. ' C. S. Harris. Holly Hill, P^la. YELLOW-JACKETS IN COLORADO ; HOW TO KILL. I see on pag-e 1010 the yellow-jackets are causiig- Mr. Knoeger's bees to desert their hives. I think he is mistaken. If he will notice closelv he will f^ee that they eat the bees alive, then rob the hive. They killed eight colonies for me last summer. They came by the thousands. I tried to poison them, but could do no good. I stopped the entrance of the hive, Ihen took a pan and set it in fron with a chunk of honey in it. They would gather on the honey. I would then throw hot water on them. There is not much danger of hurting your bees. I took a colony that they had killed, and opened the hive-entrance, and waited until it was full; then I stopped it up; but I first put some burlap over the brood-frames; then I poured hot water over them. I am afraid to say how many I did kill. If any one knows any better way I should like to hear from him. M3' bees are Italians; some of the colonies that wf re robbed made two supers of honey before they were molested. Hotchkiss, Colo. G. M. Ellington. BEST WAY TO START ANEW AFTER WINTER LOSSES. I wish to increase my apiary, having lost most of my bees last winter. Will it be che iper to buy queens from the South for the first divisions, and raise queens for la- ter dividing, and increase from those I have (9 stands), or buv bees in box hives (if I can) at $2.50 or $3 00 a stand, transfer, and divide them, r^iising queens myself? Hyrum, Utah, Dec. 8. Edwin Ralph. [I would recrmmend the latter plan. It would give you strf'ngfr colonies f r the harvest, or you cou'.d divide as suggested for increase. — En.] ANOTHER WAY OF USING FORMALDEHYDE; A SANITARY BO ITOM BOARD. During my work with formaldehyde as a cure for foul brood I have constructed a sanitary boltom-bo.ird which is so made a§ to receive the drug without disturbing the bees. With a diseased colonj- I proceed as follows: Place the sanitary board on the old stand, upon which I put a clem hive with frames and starters. Above this I place the old hive body, and then after smoking the bees and queen down I replace the old body on the old board. I then put on a honey board and put the old hive on its old stand over the new body. In this way I can medicate the colony from the bottom board without any more bother. The larvae that live will be taken care of, and come out in time. The gas will read- ily penetrate to all parts of the hive, steril- izing the pollen and honey so that the food made from it for the larvas will be health- ful. E. A. Nkwell. Massillon, Ohio. THE ABC CHILD THAT GREW SO FAST. Enclosed please tind $1.00 for renewal of Gleanings. I feel I could not keep up with the times without it. I have been a subscriber since 1879 — known then as the "child that grew so fast." Colburn, Wis. E. A. Morgan. [About 25 years ago one of our subscrib- ers wrote about a neighbor of his who was taken very su tdeuly with an acute attack of bee fever. He got hold of every thing he could on the subject, questioned his neigh- bors, got some bees, and just went into the business "for all there was in it," as the expression goes. If I remember correctly, at his very first efifort, before people would ordinarily be able to distinguish a queen from a drone, he made a big success, out- strioping the veterans. This caused him to be styled through the journals as in the heading above. For some time we had re- ports from him every season, or oftener, and he was still running the business at high pressure. Not long ago I was wondering what had become of him, and behold here comes a letter. But look here, old friend. How about the bee and honey business? Did you stop growing all at once, or are you "still at it" ? That reminds me of something else that I am afraid our people are forgetting, e-;pecially when I am off in the woods in Michigan. Every subscriber to Glean- ings, who has had it continuously for twen- ty years or more, is entitled to one year free. W^hen j'ou are subscribing, just mention this. — A. I. R.] MY WAY TO DISPOSE OF SKUNKS. Tie a light pole, 10 or 12 ft. long, to the trap chain, and you can carry it safely away from the buildings to dispose of. If you haven't a gun haidy, dig a narrow hole 1 >2 or 2 ft. deep, like a fence-post hole. Let the skunk down into it and kill with a blow of the spade. James Birchard. Tabor, Iowa, Oct. 8. I am pleased to be able to report that we have formed a Jefl'erson Count3' Bee keep- ers' Societj', with the following officers: Pres., M. C. Harrington, Watertown; First Vice pres., A. A. French, Black River; Second Vice-president, Pearl Symonds, Rodman; Sec, Geo. B. Howe, Black Riv- er; Treas., D. R. Hardy, Watertown. All bee-keepers are invited to join. Dues, $.00 per annum. Geo. B. Howe, Sec. Black River, N. Y. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 189 HOMES, BY A.I. Root. Then answered Peter and f-aid unto him, Behold, we have fo!srtkt-ii all, and fo lowed thee; what shall we have tlieref.^re ? — Matt. 11): 27. What shall we have as a reward or rec- ompense for foregoing- pleas^ures a Christian ought not to indulge in? This question oft- en comes up. especially from those who contemplate bearing the cross of a Christian life, as to what we shall receive that will counterbalance the value or the pleasure of these worldl}' things given up. In our last Home paper I suggested that theater- going was not conducive to the highest .<;tate of spirituality. There has been considerable said, also, not only in regard to worldly amu-ements, playing cards, going to dances, etc., but giving up tobacco, signing the pledge, etc. M.my of us are asking the question which seems to have been in Pe- ter's mind as he reminded the Master that they had left all and followed him. The answer our Savior gives seems to average humanity rather extrav igant (see Matt. 19: 28, 29; Mark 10:29, 30; Luke 18:29, 30), and j'et I think that every one who has really left all — every thing that is even qutstionable — to follow faithfully the Lord Jesus Christ, will be able to testify at any time that the reply is not at all ex- travag-ant. When I published the letters from Bro. Whitcomb 1 felt sure they were goin j^ to bear fruit, and good fruit, too, and I wish to submit to you a sample of it. We will let Bro. Whitcomb introduce the matter: Dear Bro Root: - The enclosed letter, coming to nie th s niijining, lelates an experience which I know •will be of deep interest lo yuu I do not approve of hi.s plan of alljwing his copies of ui^eani>;i.s lo ac- cumulate unread until I he ?ipint moves lo action, asiu this case, but I enclose the K t er I am gad lo bear testimony for Je.^us to-day, and I ftel that I have the wit ess of the Spirit within my heart thi^. morning. Friend, Neb., Feb. 1. K. Whitcomb. Now, the writer of the following, evident- ly, did not intend it for print; but I feel so sure, from the spirit of it, that the dear brother will be willing to give his testimony wherever it may do good, I take the liberty of giving it entire. My dear Brother lVhitcomb:—0\\ account of certain events which transpirea recently in this community, wlii^h had the effect of making me feel sad bLC.iiise of the cnurch's attitude lov\ard sjn e of the ma ly evils which surround ii in Ihepiesent day and age, and because of ihe meager fruit> ispirilual) manilts:- ed on the p.irt of many who profess to have been con- ve ted to i.od. and are now in hi- strviie, and while medit iting and womltring if, when Christ shall make his second appeiring, he would find faith on the e irtn, an imijulse unaccounled for .'■eized me lo tear the wrapper tiom a co|)y of Gleanin s many of which lie on my desk uiitouchid ince brought in by the mails, and, >-itr;inge to -ay by a p culiar coinci- dence I .selected from at least eight journds so un- touched the one in which >our glorious conversion is Teporied. I am not sure, Bro. W , bul I could have been heard to say. "Yes glory to G' d ! there is still faiih oil the earth." And 1 t me 'ay right here that I regard tills coincidence as pro'id ntial. Iieailihere- po! t. and said lo myself, " Piaise God, his spirit is still operating on the hearts of the people, and his power is still sufTicieiit to transform men from a life of sin and captivity unto a life of liberty and u'^etulness " What an upiift the leatlii g of that re poi t was to my soul ! How 1 was made to rejoice that the gospel of Jtsus Christ is as much to-day as it ever was the power of t.od untosilvation to all who believe. I v\as so tlaied on reading, and after having taken su:h a gloomy view of tliitigs, that 1 rushed into the house and read it to my wile, and we both rejoiced I have also h d several of my friends who came into the siore rtad it, and I noticed it caused on ihtm, as it did on me, the tears of joy tocour.se down their chteks. So that the retuni of a ^oul tot^o 1 is not only an occasion for joy on the part of the angels in heaven, but alsO' for the saints on earth. Your letter has such a genu- ine spiruual ring lo it that I have no hesitancy in ac- cepting jour piolession that yc urs is a religion of the heart and not merely of Ihe head. I also rejoice in the stand you have taken with ref- fereuce to the use of lohacco, and al-o the way you met the Devil's temptations that you could not run a newspaper and be a Christian. Oh, how subtile Satan IS ! Ever lean on Gods infallible piomists, and he will surely b ing to pass the desire of your heart. You will, i.o doubt, AOiider why I am taking such an interest in your conver.-ion. Well in the first place it is because l am interested in the salvation of sljuIs; and, s coiid, because I claim you as a brother bee- keeper; and, furthermore, I can justly lay claim lo a short personal friend-hip, besides a 1( ng acquaint- ance by i eputation. You will, quite possibly net re- member me; hut we had the plesaure of mt eiing each other at a convention held in Buffalo six or seven years ago. Now, Bro Whitcomb, panlon me for giv- ing you just a few words ot my experience. While I am ill my -JJth \ear, I have nevertheless actually lived, in the true sense, 1 ss than four j-eais At that time Goit touched my heart in a very similar way to that of vour own case ; and. oh how ihanklul I have ever been that I yielded obeoience to that call I I have ti uly ei'joyt d God's showers of blessing, but it has not beeu a 1 sunshine. There has been some severe test- ing, of which 1 just wish to relate a little for your en- couragement. 1 also was a victim of the tobacco habit, and was, soon after my conversion, convinced by God that, to continue this habit, "as not consistent with Chrstian liviui , and there and then resolved with God's help to forsake it. I a>ked him to help me, and by faith trusted in his power to do so; and he gave me the vic- tor .not only over the lemptation to yield, but alsa over the apt elite But this was not all You will no- tice by this letterhead that I am in the mercantile business, and. ot course sold tol a.co ar d c gars. This- also looked inc nsistent, to sell that to others which 1 felt condemned iu using myself. This caused a tre- mendous struggle. The Devil plainly lold me, "You can not conduct your business successtully without handling tobacco. You will lose trade; people will call you a foo ." But through earnest prayer for guidance and he'p I finally decided to cbey mv con- victions, ev 11 though it diove me out of business. I obeyed, and am still in business at the old stand after a trial ol over two years ; and let me assure j on that it is a matter of extreme satisfaction to me, when ask- ed f r tobacco orcigats, to be able to say, " We do not handle them." And now let me encourage you to faithfulness, which I also wish for myself. \^ e have both spent much of our life in sin ; let us both, as G d wives us grace, live the remainder of our da\s to his glory, that we may, whei our journev on • arth is ended, meet in the belter land, with all ihe redeemed. Bethesda, Ont., Ian. 29. D. W. Heise. Why, dear friends, the suggestion that a man will not be prospered in business who lets his religion shine out and through every part of it is utterly ridiculous. Look at the men all over our land who have been sud- denly raised to positions of prominence by starting out for truth and honesty and fair- ness. The ones who are afraid to apply re- ligion to business, who are afraid io tell the truth, no matter where it hits nor whotn it hurts, alwaj's remain in the background; but the officer of the law who regards his oath of office as ssanething sacred and holy is wanted ererywhere. Is it going to injure the standing of President Roosevelt to come 190 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb 15 out boldly and declare he does not use to- bacco, and never did use it? or is it going to raise him in the estimation of every man, woman, and child in the whole United States? The idea that it will net do for an editor to let his religion get into his paper, or for a man in the mercantile business to give up the sale of tobacco and cigars, was illus- trated most vividl}^ by a story our good pas- tor told in his sermon last Sunday. I am well aware that I can not tell it as he did. If I could stand by you all I might do a lit- tle better; but I will do the best I can in telling it to you in print. When our pastor commenced the story he came out from be- hind the pulpit; and the good-natured com- ical look on his face as he commenced gave his hearers notice that something good was coming. You may imagine, if you please, that your old friend A. I. Root has left his place beside the stenographer, and is stand- ing before j-ou while he talks. THE STORY OF THE BOY, THE DOG, AND THE RABBIT. One bright morning, after a light fall of snow, a boy started out with his dog. Pretty soon the dog pricked up his ears, and started off on the freshly made track of a rabbit. The boy put after the dog as fast as he could. In due time the two were led into the woods; and, finding the rabbit had gone into a hole, both boy and dog pro- ceeded to dig it out. They found they had a pretty big job on hand, but worked an hour or two befure they gave it up, which they finall}' did because they were both too tired to work any longer, or perhaps it was dinner time. Before abandoning the work, however, the boy kicked in the dirt he and the dog had thrown out, and picked up some bright pieces of mineral that looked as if they might be ores of some kind. He put them in his pocket and carried them home. One evening when he was playing with his geological specimens his father, who sat near reading his piper, glanced over his spectacles to see what the boj' was amus- ing himself with. After questioning the lad as to where and how he got them, the father hunted up an old cyclopedia and spent quite a little time in looking at spec- imens and reading the description. Next day he went to town and showed them to the principal of the high school. They made some further investigations, which resulted in calling the State geologist. With suitable help they made considerable excavations around where the rabbit had gone into the ground. Perhaps the boy thought that they, like himself, were think- ing of nothing but getting that rabbit; but in a little time when men versed in miner- als had looked over the locality the father sold his farm for ^//y times the value he had always been placing on it. The money he received gave the father an opportunity of carr3Mngout a good many projects he had in mind, but which he had been compelled to give up heretofore on account of poverty. Among these projects was not only the edu- cating of himself in certain lines, but also the fond one of sending his boj' to college, and giving him a chance to be of some value to the world. My storj' is now ended so far as the fa- ther is concerned; but what about the boy and the dog? I suppose the a'o^was a good deal disappointed from the fact that, after all this ado and hard work, they did not get the rabbit. We need not be surprised at this, because a dog's intellect can not well go any further than rabbits. But how about the boy? Well, the story goes that he continued to weep, and would not be pacified, even though his father tried to persuade him that the rabbit was of no particular account compared with what he and the dog did tind in digging. Need I su^'gest the moral? We, citizens of the United States, people whom God has per- mitted to live in this glorious twentieth cen- tury, are, too many of us, setting our aims and aspirations on something of no more account than the rabbit which the boj' and the dog did not get. In our stupidity we continue to magnify' the value of the rabbit while we ignore and neglect the great treasures that lie peeping out of the earth ready to be picked up if we will only rec- ognize their value. Tobacco, strong drink, the dance-hall, cards, and / should say the theaters, may be represented by the rabbit. The ingots of ore that are kicked around as worthless, while we are scrambling for the rabbit — these ingots that are sometimes tramped into the dirt and mud out of sight, may be represented by trutli, honesty, tem- erance. Christian character, communion with the great Father above, etc. These latter are things that will enable us to rise above our surroundings, to get an educa- tion, to hold positions of honor, to labor for the welfare and best interests of the wo'^ld about us, and to receive finally, in the world to come, life everlasiine^. It is all right to go out with a dog to chase rabbits while we are young; but is it not true that too many of us do nothing of more impor- tance than chase rabbits all the rest of our lives, like the story I told you a few months ago of the man who, with bent back and sad countenance, wasted all his time in raking up leaves, straws, and trash, even while an angel held just over his head a golden crown, proffering it as a free gift if he would look up and abandon his rickety old rake, and give it to the angel that held the shining crown? Bro. Whitcomb and Bro. Heise have told about letting go of these things that would drag us down and not up, and reaching forth for the golden crown that is within the grasp of each and every one. It used to be the fashion in revival times to talk about heaven and the life to come. Just now ihe world is learning that there is a heaven on earth for all who are willing to put away selfishness, and to re- ceive it at the hands of the Master; for he says that for every thing that we give up we shall receive a hundred fold more in 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 191 this present time; and, after life's toils are over, "eternal life." If we think we can not afford to give up selfishness and selfish appetites, we shall go through the world dragging everybody down to our own level, or lower still; but if we start out to serve the Master, even though we do not make very much headway, we shall not only be lifting ourselves up, but all humanity along with us. Which shall it be? MY " ROASTED- CHESTNUT " POTATO. Some time last spring friend J. B. Mason, of Mechanic Falls, Me., sent me a sample of potatoes that he said were extra nice for table use. As he took the trouble to prepay the express charges on something like half a peck, I supposed they must be, of course, in seme way remarkable. His letter ac- companying is not at hand; but he said he had been growing them seme years on ac- count of the extra quality, both for baking and steaming. He said if I boiled them they wou'.d be apt to "go all to pieces," so he preferred steaming. It was exactly as he said. The potato was very dry and flour3', with a peculiar taste not unlike that of a roasted chestnut. The potato is not a great j-ielder; and as it was of a reddish blue, not only on the outside but on the in- side also, it was not very attractive in ap- pearance. Its only recommendation was quality. Now ccmes the disappointing part of it. When these potatoes were planted in Northern Michigan they were not only poor j'ielders, but the quality was jtist ordinary. On that soil it did not reproduce itself. Nothing rtmarkable about this, is there? To tell the truth, I do not know that I should have ever mentioned it at all were it not that it paved the way f -r the following: About the same time, somebody else (his letter is at present up in Michigan) sent me samples of some seedlings of his own origi- nating. One was a fine white potato; the other looked considerably like Mason's blue potato. By the way, I think friend Mason said his potato was a sport from the Blue Lapland that was grown quite extensively years ago. Well, this latter friend who sent me the two kinds of potatoes wrote me again before planting time, telling me to throw away the red ones, as he had since discovered they were all hollow and "no good." I accordingly told the boys to sort out the red potatoes and not plant them. There is a general prejudice against red potatoes, anyhow. Before I go any further in my potato sto- ry, permit me to say that I have tested so many potatoes in times past, and found them to be but little if any better than or- dinary, I have not had very much heart in the work of late years. Quite a number of the brethren have complained that 1 didn't even report. Well, a potato just now has got to have some very remarkable quality to compete successfully with the good potatoes we already have — Carman No. 3, for in- stance. After spending lots of time and money in testing the much lauded new kinds. Carman No. 3 steadily ccmes out ahead. If you want quality and beauty of appearance, Freeynan comes out steadily ahead. If you want an extra-earl3' potato, somehow the old Early Ohio bobs up afler a little, year after year. When it comes planting time purchasers keep calling fjr the Early Ohio, no matter how strongly seedsmen urge other kinds that are "ten days "or " two weeks " earlier — " better yielder," "better quality," etc. The po- tatoes that are sent me for trial have, many of them, proved to be very good; but when one thiuks of the labor of introducing a new variety, and proving that it will thrive in all localities, he had better think twice befjre he puts much money in it. Let us now go back. When I told the boys to sort out and throw away all the red potatoes, they must have skipped half a d zen or nure; f jr eve- ry little while we wou'.d find, in digging, a red potato among the white ones. I cjuld not think at first how they got there until I remembered what our friend said about the red potatoes being hollow. All together there was nearly a peck. Many of them were of peculiar shape, sharp at one end and round on the other — something like a pear shaped sweet potato. I thought, be- fore throwing them away, I would le^t some just for the fun of it. When washed up in our spring they looked very nice. Pretty soon Mrs. Root began to scold. First she said those red potatoes were so hard she could scarcely get a knife into them to peel them. She said, furthermore, that every one I gave her, little and big, was hollow, and the hollow was black around the out- side; so that, in order to get any potatoes for dinner, she had to pare them outside first and then dig into the flinty things to pare off the inside where it was dark color- ed around that hollow. I asked her why she did not throw them away without fuss- ing so much. She replied, " The orders were to test them." She knew by experi- ence that, in testing potatoes, she was ex- pected to obey orders. We both laughed; but when it was dinner time we had one of our " happy surprises." The quality was far ahead of any thing I had ever tasted in the potato line; and when tested by baking they were almost equal to a roasted chest- nut. And, by the way, did it ever occur to you that the best table potatoes are the ones that are crisp, hard, and brittle when you attempt to cut or pare them? I remem- ber we had, some years ago, some Hubbard squashes that were so heavy and rock like that we had to pare them with a hatchet or draw-knife. Then when we wanted to cut them up they had to be chopped in pieces 192 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 with a hatchet. They seemed almost like oak knots. And these Hubbard squashes were superior to any thing we ever got hold of before or since. They were not onlj' dry and mealj', but, under the influence of the heat, every piece of squash opened out like popcorn, and had a rich nutty sweetness. I have scmetimes thought we do not have any more Hubbard squashes such as Gregory gave the world when I was a boy. I think we tested these potatoes three times for eating — twice baked and once boiled — and there is about half a peck of them left. The originator who grew them from the seed told me he had given them up because they were all hollow. Why didn't he say some- thing about the quality? or was the quality on his ground nothing remarkable? By the wa3', I might as well own up that mj? Mich- igan grown potatoes for the last season were mostly pcor in quality for table use, probably owing to the blight; but these red potatoes, right in the m'ddle of the field among the rest, showed this wonderful su- peritrit\'. 1 have now got to the climax cf my stor}'. Is there any man, woman, or child, who reads Gleanincs, who can breed out the hollowness of my roasted chestnut potato? I presume that experts in this line cf work would tell us we must make the potato bear seme seed- balls, then we may get from these seed balls a potato of the same quality without being hollow. A gocd many of the potatoes I grew up in Michigan produced immense seed- balls two years ago. Last season I did not notice any— perhaps owing to the blight. I do not know exactlj' what to do with my half peck. I want some of cur expert potato men to give me their opin- ion in regard to the probability that these potatoes might be grown without hollows, on some different soil. Perhaps we should then lose the quality. One season the New Craig potato showed many hollow ones. As an experiment we planted these hollow po- tatoes, but the crop was entirely sound. On page 199, 1902, I gave an article from the Rural New-Yorker, entitled " An Elu- sive Radish." After several years cf ex- perimenting, the writer tells us how he succeeded in getting exactly the radish he wanted; but just as he was shouting " Eu- reka!'''' over his success his radish slipped out of his grasp. Will this be likely to be the case with my potato? I shall continue to grow them for the quality — that is, if the qualit}- keeps up in different soils, even if they are hollow. But if we can get rid of the hollow, I think some cf cur prominent seedMTien would pay a large price for the potato. Mrs. Root objects to the potato because it is too hard to pare; but we can get around this objection by baking them, or boiling- thein with the "jackets" on. But who wants a potato, baked or boiled, with a dirty black hollow inside cf every one of them? PCAPU TDCPQ One year from bud, 2 to 4 cents each. rCHt»n I nCCO Alsoplum.aprle, pear. etc. Circular free. E. S. JOHxNSTON, Box 43, Stockley, Del. GRAND RAPIDS LETTUCE Introduced by Mr. A. I. Rcot in 1888, now a standard sort for greenhouse cul- ture. A good ntany acres of glass are de- voted to its growth. It is the ideal lettuce for this purpose ; and rnly where the market still clings to the head-lettuce has it a rival. The plant is a vigorous and heavy grower. It will stand a re- markable amount of abuse. Extremes of heat and cold have little effect upon t, and the rot rartly affects it grea'ly. A SINGLE STALK WEIGHING 14 OUNCES, grown at the Ohio Agr. Exp. Station. For the home garden it has no peer; there is no reason why it is not found in every garden. It will stand a great deal of neglect. Sow in the open ground and you will soon have a supply of delicious, tender leaves. By successive .sowing and thinning you can have all you want, just when you want it. Try a package. Per package, 5 cts.; ounce, 8 cts.; J^ lb., 2.5 cts.: pound. 75 cts., prepaid. By ex- press, per pound, 60 cts.; 5 pounds, $2.60; 10 pounds, $1.00. Send for our complete catalog of Vegetable Seeds. E. G. GREEN & SON (Successors to A. I. Root, seed dept ), MEDINA, OHIO. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 193 Southern Lands Bee Culture, General Farming, Live-stock Raising, Fruit, Truck and Poultry Raising, in sections traversed by Southern Railway, Alobile & Ohio Railroad. Good markets, productive soil, valuable timber, hralDi region. Fine old time plantaiions, farm lands, wild lands, $3 TO $ I 5 PER ACRE. Interesline 1 terature sent free on ap- plication to I\I V. KiCH.ARDS, Land and ludubtrial Agent, \Va.shiugton, D. C. CHAS. S. CHASE, T. B. THACKSTON, : TRAVELING AGENT 226 Dearborn St., ' Chicago, 111. : AGENT Chemical Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. FREE "GREAT CROPS OF STRAWBERRIES AND HOW TO CROW THEM. A strawberry book > ii \ the "Strawberry Jf if 1 if, " so called because he discovered the way to develop the fruit organs in a plant and make it grow two big berries where one little one grew before. He grows the biggest crops of the biggest berries ever pro- duced, and the book tells how he does it. It is a treat- tise on l^lant I^hyHinlc>ESVILLE, UillO. 194 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 A^^^mi\ AUSTRALIA New J'giant^yellov 50 Tons an Average crop. Largest, tinot field carrot grown. Roots often weigh 1 5 lbs. Deep Butter yel- low. Easily har- vested. 14^ TO HAVE YOU TRY THEW we will.for 14c{silver or staiupsjsend pictured catalogue and 9 packages of our STEKLINU Seeds, EriiCIANT 50-TON CARROT, largest flel,' iTOm'^''^''"''' eiiormcmsyieldt-r; high golden coloj mjilJdor butter I ; easily harvested. MOLD'S BLACK BEAUTY OAT, wonderful new variety tiom England : superior to white oats; yields eTiormonsly ; very stifT, strong straw. SPELTZ- yields double quantity of oats, wheat or barley, makes better feed; straw fine for fatten ing; ripens early; resists drouth and frost; thrives on any soil. Cat-IFORNIA WONDER BEAN, heaviest yielding beau ever known; one bean produced l,.u p ids, 1168 beans by actual count, /L^ I NEW TRIUMPH RADJSH, matures i|»l|»i[rtl|ln 20 days, globe sbajie, striped horizui; ^tiimvli''8,lly with bright scarlet on pure white; a unique and striking novelty. NK& CO STERLING LETTUCE; beautiful crisp lieading variety; rich golden center; never coarse; finest lettuce grovn. N K &. CO MINNESOTA RED C'-OBIT ONIONi earliest, most perlect shape; finest color; no scullions; longest keeper; heaviestyielder. N K & COCIANTFANCY PAWSY (lowers extraordinarily large, exquisite , , „_ colorings; a distinct and remarkable st~;rin,'g"atlv admired. COLDEN CLEAWI SWEET PEAS, deep prim rose yellow ; large flowers, long stems, rare novelty. fACU DDI7PQ forlnrgestyieldsof Peepo' Day' (jAOn rniLLO Sweet Corn. Earliest. ]^ORTHRUP,KING&CC ■*-^ J-eedsmcn, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. SEEDS CHEAP. ^t.^'S^ Ever Grown. Xone better and none so low in price. Ic per pkt. and up, postpaid. Finest ^illustrated cat alogue ever printed sent FREE. Engrav- ings of every variety. A great lot of extra pkcs. of seeds, new t sorts, presented free with every , order. Some sorts onions only 55c ^p^^^ per lb. Other seed equally low. Si 40 years a seed .grower and dealer '"and all customers satisfied. No old seeds. New, fresh an'l reliable every year. Writo for bi'? FRER catalogue. .H.SHUMWAY.Rockford.lll. WST MICniOAN TREES re "hred lor bearing," ll.at s wliy we cut all hurls from the best fruited, bearinpr trees. It also insures stock true to name and '.iriety. Over three million trees— 913 acres. All new and stanf'ard varieti-?s of Apple, Peach , Pear, Plum , Quince, etc. Also orna- ental trees and shrubs. >^e sell dinct at 1)0 rs.ile itriccs. Illustrated catalogue free. WEST HTICHIGAN NURSERIES. Box 0.3 , BpntOD ll»rl>nrj Jlieb. SSGRAPEVINES 100 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, Ac. He^t mot- ed .-tocK. Genuine. che;ip. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c. DescriptiTe price-list tree. Lewis Roesch, Fredonia, N.Y. ^ALIERS ^ FARM SEEDNOVELtlES Salzer's National Oats. Most prulilic Oats on earth. The U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Wash- ington, says: "Salzer's Oats are the best out of ovfr four hundred sorts tested by us." This grand Oat yielded in Wisconsin 15(5 bu., Ohio Vf-l L)ii., Michi^ian 2;il bu., Missouri 25') bu.,an(l North DakotaSluLu. per acre, and will positively do as well by you. Try it, sir, and be convinced. A Few Sworn to Yields. Sal/cr's Di';ir(lli!ss Barley, 121 bii. per A. Siil/.cr's lloiuebuildiT torn, 304 l)ii. pir A. S.U/.er's Uitf Fiiiir Oiils, 250 bii. per A. S;il/.*'r's IVi'W 9i;UioiialUats,310 bu. peri. Silver's Potatoes. 7:!(> liu. jiir A, Salter's Onions, 1,000 l/U. per A. All of our Farm and Vepetablp .'Jeedsare pedigree slock, bied right up to big yields. Salzer's Speltz(Eninier). Greatest cereal wonder of the age. It is not corn nor wheat, nor rye, nor bailey, nor cats, hut a golden conibi nation of tlieni all, yielding 8i) Im. of gram and 4 tons of rich straw li.iy per aeri^. ( licitest stock food on eailli. liucs well everywhere. Salzer's Million Dollar Grass. ]\Tosl lalked of grass on earth. Editors and College I'rofessois and An leulttiral Lecturers praise it without stint; yields H tons of rich Lay and lols ot pasture besides, peracie. Salzer's Teosinte. Salzer's Teosinte produces 113 rich, juicy, sweet, leafy sioi ks from low. We v-an sa\e jcu money. Northern Grown always the BEST. Cur handsome 100-page catalog ""of Garden, Field and Flower ■^Seeds mailed free on request. ^arry N. Hammond Seed Co., Ud. BOX 69- BA' CITY, MICH. ''Once Grown Always Grown" The Maule motto lor more than 25 years. My new BOOK for 1904 Co«t over ?''^,000 to publish. If you have a firden yon can h^^ve a co-^y for the asking. Send a postal for it to Wm. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa. $1 Farmers Voice Great Co = Operative Ciub Send U3 the names of ten friends or neighbors whom you behe\e will be interested in a jouruui standing for the farmer's best iuterests, and we will Sf-nd you these five preat periodicals each oX which Stands at the head of Its class. Farmer's Voice ujl National ural Werklj For f i>ity years the most earnest advocate of all things which tend to make life on the farm more pleasurable and profitable. $.601 Wayside Tales 1.00 Regular Price M. America's Great Short Story Ma„'aziiie, 95 pages in regular ma- gazine size of clean stories every FOR month on fine book paper. rvf l\ The American Poultry Journal . 50 ( «nly The oldest and best poultry paper In tlie world. Tlie HoysBliold Realm . . .50 For 18 years tie only woman's paper o>vued, edited and put>- Ushed exclusively by women. M's Family Magazine . .50 The leading Floral Magazine of Americ». Tor Vlck's you may substitute Green's Fruit Grower, Farm Journal, Blooded Stock, Kansas City Btar or St, Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Farmers' Voice free. Liberal terms to agents. VOICE PUB. CO.. Ii:^ Voice Bldg., Chlcairo. FnVPlnnP( pnnted-to-order, only »1 per 1000: send Ul 1 ClUpCo, for free sample and state your business. GOOD SEEDS Make Good Gardens Seeds that give perfect sat- isfaction in every State, Territory and Possession of the U nited States and all parts of the World must be the very brst. That is our record for last year— a hard year on crops. Ourl904 catalogue tells all about our guaranteed seeds— the only kind It pays to plant. Everything for the farm and garden and every- thing the best. Write for it now; It is free. ZIMMERMAN SEED CO. Topeka, Kantis Dipt. 33 Strawberry Offer ■ 11 1 For one dollar I will send ^w * and prepay the-e choice new v:ii ietie-: 12 Climax, 12 Early Hathaway. 12 Challenge, 12 Lyon. Selei-i piaiits. i tirow stiawlierriesexclusivelvanri tliev lead the wo!!(I. Bcaiitittil lllus- iinte I strawberry Catalog Free. W. F. Allen Salisbury. Md. Farmers^. ^^ Handy Wagon With 4-Inch Tire Steel Wheels Low and handy. Paves labor. Wide tires, avoid cutting fann iiilo ruts. Will hold up any two-horse load. We also lurnish steel Wheels to lit any a vie. Any size wheel, any width of tire. Catalogue free. EMPIRE MAStTArTlRISt. CO.. Ro^ (II. Quincv. 111. Handy Farm Wagons mai;e the woi K easier for both the man and team. Tne tires being vide they do not cut into the ground; the labor of loading is reduced maiiv times.because of the short lift. They are equipped withourtam- ous Electric Steel V\'he< U, eitherstraightorstag- ger spokes. Wheels any height from 24 to 60 inches. White hickory axles, steel hounds. Guaranteedto carry 40U0 Ills. Why not get started right by putting in one of these wagons. We make our steel wheels to fit any wagon. Write for the catalog. It is free. ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 95. QUINCY, ILL.* 196 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 The Burpee Quality in Seeds The new "Silent Salesman" of thelargrest mail-order seed trade in the world will be sent with 178 pages of useful info mation and hundreds of true illustrations— if you mail a postal to Best that can be Grown! W.Atlee Burpee fi? Co., Seed Farmers, Philadelphia IRON AGE IMPLEMENTS are better than ever, JTwo tools you need now to make this year's profits greater. Write for the new Iron Ago Buok, showing the full "ine. Full of wavn to save work. FEEE. BATEMAN MFG. CO 6oxl20,Grenlooh,N.J. THIStELEPHONE PAYS Don't let cost keep you from the money saving features of a telephone. Cost cuts little figure if returns war- rant the outlay. False economy is keeping many farmers on the grind- stone. Often one instance alone like a timely sale when prices are highest, or assistance in time of need — when accident, fire, or sickness occurs, is worth ten limes the cost of a Stromberg-Carlson Telephone That's how they pay their own cost— they seldom cost anything for rep lirs— guaranteed for one year. This proves they are perfect in mechanism. Nothing to get out of order — simple, durable. Clear and strong in talking qualities. The standard by which all telephones are measured. "As good as Stromberg-Carlson make" is an argument used to sell others. Our 128-page telephone book t^Ms ALL about phones— sent for five 2c stampl,. Or our book F- 36 "Telephone Facts for Farmers," sent FREE on request. Address nearest office. Stromberg Carlson Tel. Go. "^^Vll^lf .uV 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 197 FRUITFUL TREES i^ijC*"^!^*r'V__Healthy, hardy, Tigorous trees i*"^ Healthy, hardy, Tigorous trees; "" finest varieties; honest val- ues. Applet, 5><-; l>e»ch, 6c; Con- cord Grapes, 32U per 1000; Rambler Roaes, 25c; Black Locust •ud Russian Mulberry, 11.40 per 1000. Freight prepaid. Catalogue frM. Ga?e County Nurseries Box 647 Beatrice, Neb. Sweet's Genesee Valley Trees Are Famous Trees Thai Please" We grow them and they have given us a constantly iiii_reabiiig business ft Riding Harrow on earth. We als-o — " luaUewalkingAcmes. The Acme CM ii-lies cuts, pnlvrr- izos. turns and levels all s< ils forall T'li'posps. Made >f ci>t bteel a-ul ^^rr>u"llt iron -Indestructible. CsnI mm Twi<«I To be returned at ni^ expense if aSni OTl I rial not satisfactory. Catalop and booklefAn Ideal Harrow" by Henry Stewart, mailed froe, 1 deliver f.o b. New York, t'liicnto. ( oinmbns, Luuis- viUe, Kansns l^itr, niinnoarnlis, San Franrlsco. DUANE H. NASH, Sole Mfr., Mllllngion.N. J. "ranch Hnnses: 1111 WasWnjtoti St.. Chicago 240-544 7th Ave. South, Minneanolis. ISliiW 8-h Street Kati.aas Citv. m .^ E. Jefferson St., l.otiUvire. Kv. C.T. TVi'ersT.fl W.G..7S-9 . C ihlmhln. 0 i'i.EASE MEMIOK THIS PAPER, SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps «oOAV Double-acting.Llft, PUMPS Tank and Spray Store Ladders, Etc. of all kinds. Write for Circulars and - — —Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers withsteelrollerbearings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown off the track— hence its name— "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buv in quantity. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland, • Ohio. SCRAWNY GttlCKS ^J lack sufficient DOurlshment. Fatten them ^^ —make them healthy— feed them Mrs. I Pinkerton's Chick Food. It prevents bow- I el trouble. It's all food — easily digested. Write I forcatalogof prize birds at St. Louis and Chicapro I 1903 Shows. Gives prices and valuable in formation. I Anna I. Pinkerton Company, Box 29 . Hastlngi Neb. POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. S2 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated. 50c yr. , shows readers how to succeed with Ti uUry. Special I utroductory Offer. SyearsCOcts; lyear25cts; 1 months r tiiallOcts. Stampsaccepttd. Sample ' coryt''ee. 148 page illustratea practical pouitrv book free to yearly subscribers. Catalogue of poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co., springfieid.o. Oreider's Fine Catalog of Prize-Winnioj Poultry for 1904. This book is printed in different col- ors. Contains a Piiic Clirouio of life iko fowls suitable for irani- ing. It iUu6tra es and describes 60 v^irieiies of poultry, duclss, gees ■, etc. It shows be^tequ p- ped poultry yard? and houses— how to build houses ;cure for diseases ; Best Lice Destroyer how to make hens lay; poultry t-npplies and such Inform:i, ion axis of much u e to all whok ep chickens. Prce-^ of egirs and stock wit' inreacb o£..ll. Send 10 cents lor this noted book. r r.. n. GKEIDEH, KHEE-\r.S, PA. POULTRY. PAYS ■when the hens lay. Keep them laying. For hatching and brood- ing use the best reasonable priced Incubators and Brooders — built upon honor, sold upon guarantee, TEIE ORMAS Ij. a. Banta, Llsonier, Indiana $ I fS.SO For I ^ 200 Eg INCUBATOR Perfect in construction and action. Hatches every fertile egg. "Write for catalog to-i:ia_v. GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy. HI The Bantam all. Or beats tained ol ch Bantam hatct time. Catalog •iteg heob- e f? every t — sent free. Buckeye Incubator Co. Box, 64, Springfield, O. This Lightning Lice Killing Machine kills all lice and mites. No injury to birds or feathers Handles any fowl, smallest chick to larirest uubbler. Made in three sizes Pars for itself first season- Also ii^^fnin,, Li't KilHnq Powder. Poultry IlitH. Lice Murder, etc. Wo secure special low express rates. On talo; mailed free. Write tor it. CHAKLES SCHUJ), Ionia, Uich. I THOUSii^^O OOLL&R EGG — a touching story of devotion telling how Mandy paid the mortgage and .saved the farm Tells how to make money from poultry. Also Egg record and Calendar for 1901. Mailed free. Aeo. II. Lee Co., Omaha, Neb. Your Hens Will Lay twice as welllf you use a Ten d»j6 free trial. No money in advai: Catalogue free. F.W.1Ibiui&Co.,Box 371Uirord,ilIiMs, ini. UnUWIl for cutting (7rc?n bones. For the poultryinan. Hest in the world. Lowe.'it in vi-tce. isend for circular and testi- monials. Wilson Bros., EASTOA, PA. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE PROFITABLE "PEEPERS" Welcome sounds— the first faint "peeps" from crackin 382 FIRST PRIZES AWARDED PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATORS AKD BP.OODERS The United States Government I continues to use them exclu- sively; also the largest poultry ] j and duck breeders. Ourcatalog I wiUinterestyou. Sendforone. I I'ralrle State Incubator Oo.| Homer Cltv, Pa. BT'S FUN to get high per cent hatches. OEM INCUBATORS Wake every germ and hatch prolit- fetching chicks that Cij live. Learn all about em in freecatalotj. Write now. The Oem Incubator Co, IJox 5S Oayton, O. Counting Chicks Before Hatching' Is not safe unless you have an IOWA ROUND INCUBATOR R. C. Bauerminster, Norwood, Minn., got493 chicks from biti egg.s. He followed dii ections. the ma/- chine did the work, because it was built on right principles and by good worlimen. The IOWA has fiber-board case, does not shrinli, swell, warp or crack. Regulation and ventilation perfect. Our free book gives more testimonials and full particulars. Everything about incubation free. IOWA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX 19T.DES MOINES, IOWA f— EVERY EGG GETS HEAT at same tcmperatiiTc. ^uc')ld draughis to kill in this hatcher. Chicks hatch lively and strong from a GREAT SCOTT INCUBATOR Can't break our regulator — it's beneath the top. Needs little attenticm. New free catalog tells how to make egg.s and chickeno bring money. Write now. Scott Incubator Co., Box 94 JndianapoDs, Ind. m /III Business No liazivrd. no ctiiprimenting. You hatch the most and broud the best uith The Successful lioth incubator and broi>iier\,^_ have pri>ven tlieirway. Pnimpt sliipmentof Eastern orders Irnm liur IncubatnrCatalog fi'ee, wii h I'^ultry Pes Moinos Inc b. Co., Dept. S 03, D 30 DAYS FREE Why buy a "piET in a pke" " you can get the DAVAi IN^J3ATORon KVIAL 30 Days Frea Trial. A'lsolutelyself re,'ulati Try it and keep it on.y it yoiilke it. Send f >r caulo ; aTd free tri,dl plan. With poultry paper one j-ear ten cents Roya! Encb. Co., Dep. 503, Ces Moines, la. Y I OU'RE LOOKING for just pnch a niacliine as MiUer'snew Ideal Incubator, the perfect hatcher,sent on 80 days' trial. Abso- lutely automatic. Test it yourself. Big poultry and poultry supply book free. J. W. Mllle-Co.,Box 48 200 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 JOS. NYSEWANDER, DES MOINES, IOWA. "Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices-- OUR NEW BUILDING, just completed, and built especially for our large and increasing supply trade, is filled with the largest stock, of supplies ever carried in the West. Eighteen years in the supply business, with last year by far the largest in our historj'. proves we give satisiaction. We can satisfy you. Our goods are unexcelled, and our prices are right. Remember there are discounts on oiders received now. We are centrally located, have every convenience for handling business with dispatch, and our shipping facilities are the best. an;y^, I004 E. Wash Street, INDIANAPOLIS. IND. The Best Bee=goods in the World are no better than those we make, and the chances are that they are not so good. If you buy of us Yon will not be Disappointed. We are undersold []y no one. Send for new catalog and price list and free copy of THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its thir- teenth year; 50 cts. a year; especially for beginners. The W. T. Falconer Man'f g Co., Jamestown, N. Y. W. M. Gerrish, Eppitig, New Hampshire, carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save the freight. •Aif „ '»■ -«- :v ' - jTS-* ife. ^ -a^rfj!-j/r-*i*-t-^ - .-..•>..itiilI-;A*^. 1 2 per cent Discount during February. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- ' ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- 'suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, 'and prompt shipment We want every ' bee keeper to have our FREE ILLUSTRAT- ED CATALOG, ani read description of Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. r IV RITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. KRETCHMER MANFC. Co. < Trester supply company, Lincoln, Neb. ■Vnc ■ V^niTBl^n iwi>\l'« r \«. ^^w. j Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, lowa. B0X60, RED OAK, IOWA. < Chas. A. Meyers, Leipsic, Ohio. 202 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. is Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted under this head at 15 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, and you must SAT you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our n gular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices' offering articles for sale, will b^ charged our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will he put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w ANTED.— Second-hand L. 10 frame hives. S. C. Jones, Alplaus, N. Y. w ANTED. — To buy apiary, ready cash. Frank Krumboltz, Batavia, la. w HAT have you to exchange for a one honse sweep power? Geo. A. Ohmert, Rockdale, la. w w ANTED — .To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping can. for honey. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. ANTED. — To exchange new bee supplies for sec- ond hand typewriter in good condition. D. W. SwiTZER, Roebuck, S. C. V^ANTED — To exchange sweet-clover seed for Ital- '" ian queens or bee-supplies. Thk(5ould Fruit Farm, Crawford, Miss. WANTED. — A Barnes machine with cutterheads, to cut f rom j^ inch to 15^ in.: two 12-in. saws. 1 rip, 1 cut-off. G. C. Carter, Freshwater, Va. /ANTED.— To buy for cash, good bees in 10 frame Root hives in good condition in Wdson County or adjoining. State best price with full particulars. Udo ToEPPERWEiN, 438 West Hous'oi .St., San Antonio, Tex. W^ Situations Wanted. WANTED. — A position with an experienced bee- keeper bj a young man of good habits. J. t, Zenner Gansevoort. N. Y. WANTED. — .meadv position by young man, 21. in apiary Will also do other work. Want to learn the bee business. Have had some experience. State wages you can pay. Correspondence solicited. F. ly. RiGGS, 7 Spring St , Nashua, N. H. Help Wanted. W ANTED. — Assistant apiarist. State qualifications and wages. W. Hickox, Berthoud, Colo. w ANTED — An experienced man to work with bees. CHEEK & Wallinger, L,as Animas Colo. w ANTED — A sinele man who understands bee- keeping, gardening, and raising poultrv. E B Poole. Clinton, Hinds Co., Miss. w w ANTED — A man who is able to take full charge of an apiary, and manage it successfully. James McNeil, Hudson, N. Y. XT^ANTED. — A competent bee man Must be sober ^^ and industrious. I will pay good wages for .such a man. J. F. Aitken, Reno, Nevada. ANTED. — Young man, 17 to 20, to learn bee-keep- ing ; good chance for the future. All the j'ear. I. J Stringham, 105 Park Place, New York. WANTED — A man with family and experience, to take charge of a fruit-farm ; must understand spraying, and for fruit in general. James West, Montpelier, Ind. \VANTED. — An elderly man. or man and wife, to '^' care for place ; must know something about gar- dening. Good home for right party. Temperate Ger- man or Swede preferred. C. A. HtTLTQuiST, Box 103, Brookhaven, Miss. l\/HO WANTS to get my 30 years' experience with '' bees in 7 months? I prefer a farm-raised hand, and will want him to work on the farm when there is no bee-work Must be familiar with bees. AlsO' 220 colonies to let on shares: ]4 for box honey. Give experience, and wages wanted W L. CoGGSHALL, Grotou, N. Y. Addresses Wanted. W ANTED.— Addresses of bee keepers who use chafiF hives. Geo E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. w w ANTED. — Addressts of parties interested in poul- try supplies. Griggs Bros. 523 Monroe St., Toledo, O. ANTED. — Your address on a postal for a little book on Queen-Rearing. Sent free. Address Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass. WANTED. — To furnish you with groceries at reduc- ed prices. Send for our free catalog ViCKERY Bros , Evansville, Ind. W^ WANTED.- Parties interested in Cuba to learn the truth about it by subscribing for the H=ivana Post, the only English piper on the island. Published at Havana. 81 00 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale — A limited amount of ginseng .sets. C. G. Marsh, Kirkwood, Broome Co., N. Y. For Sale. — 75 colonies of bees packed in chaff on summer stands: also 200 lbs of comb honey. Route 3. H. WiLBKR, Morenci, Mich. For Sale.— Fifty bee hives, painted, good as new, L'lngstroth frame. Simplicity hive. Will sell reason- ably. Address W. D. Byrne, Station E, Toledo, O. For Sale — 8-frame 1 5^-story hives made of Michi- gan white pine. Roofs frames inside. Five $-t 03; 10, $9 Oil. Nailed and painted, ready for bees, $1.50 Sec- tions until April 1st at last year's prices. Send for list. W. D. SoPKR, R F. D No. 3. Jackson, Mich. For .Sale. —Apiarian outfit of 200 colonies Italians in Dovetailed hives, in best white-clover part of Min- nesota (also basswoodandgoldenrod); to a buyer of the lot. colonies at $4.(X) and acce.ssories at one-half list price: combs 20c a square foot. X Y Z, Gleanings. For Salh.— a splendid chicken and bee ranch— 24 acres, .S-room ho\ise with kitchen, plastered arid new- ly painted, never-failing water, barn wind-mill, and good out-buiMings, fine black soil (part suitable for alfalfa), good orch-ird with a variety of fruit a fine location. Price f'2O0O. Farm machinery, stock and hou'ehold furniture go wi h place. One mile from Escondido. A hargnin for some one. Address P. O. Box 172, Escondido, San Diego Co., Cal. For Sale.— An apiary and farm, consisting of 120 acres good grazing land, and ouly fifteen minutes' walk from the city of Cardenas, and on the public road, havingon said place 3-50 hives (American system), all necessary supplies lo handle these good house on grounds, numerous fruit trees, plenty of shade for bees, thirty odd head of cattle raised on the place, among these six fine American milch cows ( Holstein slock) selling nice little amount of milk daily, good- riding saddle-horse, ox wagon with fine yoke oxen in fine condition, two good water wells, large pineapple- grove now p'oducing, and with capacity to plant, if required, 60 000 heuequen plants. Sell for cash, or on time with satisfac'ory j-uarantee. Address American Bee Hive, P. O. Box 44, Cardenas, Cuba. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 203 ^^ .^^^^ Walter S. Pouder. Established 1889. ^| Bee=keepers' Supplies. ^^ Distributor of Root's Goods from the best shipping "^ ^ point in the Country. My prices are at all times ^ ^ identical with those of the A. I. Root Co., and I can -^ ^ save you money by way of transportation charges. ^ ^ Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb J ^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee ^ J Smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, ^ ^ and, in fact, everything used by Bee-keepers •^ ^ Headquarters in the West for the Danzenbaker Hive which ^ y^ is so rapidly g-aining- in popularity among- our most successful "^ *k. comb- honey producers. Investigate its merits. ^ ^ No order too small, and none too larjre. " Satisfaction g^uar- ^ ^ anteed " goes with every shipment. A pleased customer is the ^ ^ best advertisement that my business has ever had. Remember ^ ^ that it is always a pleasure to respond promptly to any commu- "^ iti. nication pertaining to the bee or honey industry. ^ VJ^ Beeswax Wanted.— I pay highest market price for beeswax, ^ ;I4. delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make small ship- ^ X ments by express; large shipments by freight, always being X *K sure to attach your name on the package. "^ % ^ [^ Take Notice. -=Fi nest Comb and Extracted Honey on hand at all ^ ^}x times. I handle several carloads during a season, and if your ^ ^ local demand exceeds your supply I can furnish you promptly, ^ ^ and at prices that will justify you in handling it. If interested ^ VK write for my special price list of honey. ^ riy Illustrated Catalog is mailed free to every applicant. Ad- X dress your communications to ^ WALTER S. POUDER, ii 513=515 Massachusetts Ave., - INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^ 204 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 FEBRUARY DISCOUNT 2 PER CENT. The discount for cash orders this month is two per cent. After this month, no discount. A CORRECTION. On page 110 of our previous issue, Mr. Emil J. Bax- ter is made to .say that he had 64 pounds of honey as a crop for last season. It should have been that many barrels. DUAL HIVE-STANDS. In the first few thousand catalogs which we have sent out we showed a hive stand with two boards on top projectine at each end, and with V-shaped corners. We tound difficulty in getting tnat^ria' for such cor- ners, and are making a hive-stand with square oak corners and no bi.ards on top, same as that illustrated herewith. If you receive on your order a stand differ- ent from the one first shown in catalog, do not con- clude that part of it has been omitted. TOOLS FOR QUEEN BREEDERS. Wood cell cup, with point for attaching to bar, 50c per 100, SHO per 10(0. Same, waxed ready for use, 7oc per 100: $6.00 per 1000. Titoff wire nurserj-cages, 15c each; $1.35 for 10; $12 50 per 100. Frame for holding 20 cages, including cages, $3.00. Cell stick, each 10c $1 00 pt- r dozen Transferriug-needle, double ended and nickel-plat- ed. 15c. Jelly spoon, nickel plated, 1.5c each. A ci'mplete amateur set, consist ngof 3 cell bars with 50 waxed cell cups, ] frame of 20 nursery-cages. 1 transferring needle, 1 jelly-spoon, 1 pamphlet of in- structions, $1 50. We can supply, also, fine-pointed lace-scissors with extra large bows, for clumsy fingers, at 35 cents each. Convention Notices. The Northern Michigan bee-keepers will hold their annual convention March 30 31, in Montague Hall. No. 127 Front St., Traverse City, Mich. We expf ct a large nugiber of bee-keepers to attend. See editorial in the Bee keepers'' Revierv for December. Kead that, and then come to the convention and bring j-our neighbor beekeepers. A. I. Root will be present, nothing pre- venting. G. H. KiRKPATRiCK, Pres. Rapid City, Michigan. The Southwestern Texas Bee-keepers' Association will meei at the courthouse. Beeville, Texas, March 10th and 11th, 1904 Free dinneis on the grounds each day, and all bee-keepers are invited Don't for- get the time. E.J Atchley, Pres. Send Us Your Name and Address for our catalog of Plants and 32 quart crate and quart baskets. Special prices for Februarv and March. Address H. H. AULTFaTHER,' Minerva, Oliio. 3Se X7f>— to— X3^'te. Use neatly printed stationery. Envelopes, letter heads, note heads, bill heads or statements. 250 of either, $1.00; 1000, by express, |r2.00. Tell your wants and we will quote \ ou prices. Samples free. YOUNG BROTHERS, Printers, Girard. Pa. A NY ONE wishing to loan or invest money in Cuba "■ on good security, and large interest, write Joseph Clark, Caballos, Cuba. ANTED. — Bees for unimproved Catche bottom land; not too low; 80 acres. Clay Co,, Ark G C . 2fi(j. Farina, 111. w Y^ANTED. — .\ competetit man to help me in a grow- ' ' ing bee business. Apiaries not large, but I want good management. H.ARRY 1,.\throp, Monroe, Wis. \VANTKD, — Bees Who can furtiish cheapest? Col- ' ' onies or by the pound for one 254 h, p engine, good as new, $65 00. G. Rodtzahn. Biglerville, ra. yVANTED —Situation in the West by the year as as- ' sistant apiarist, by an experienced young man — 23, healthy. Reference given and required State wages paid. W. A. Dunlap, DunL.p, Iiedell Co., N. C. VVANTED. — A positioti as assistant apiarist, by a '" young man have had three years' experience; can furnish reference. State wages. P. Rasmussen, Box 88, Bellaire. Mich. VV.^NTED — To exchange Columbia graphophone, '' silver horn, both recorder and reproducer fine carrying case; 12 records, for 120 lbs ot fine extracted clovtr honey. W. H. Kerr, Crawfordsville, Ind. VyANTED,— A partner with $.5000 in bees and cash. '' Unlimited range in best country on earth. In- teresting proposition to right partj'. Address Floresville, Tex., Call Box 82. For Sale.— Melilotus seed, 82, £0 per bushel 2 oz. pkg., ]0c. W. P. Smiih, Penn. L,owudes Co.. Miss. For Sale. — White Leghorn cockerels, pullets, and eggs, at $1.50. Best laying strain. New York bank for reftrtuce. P. Hostetler, E Lynne Mo. For ."^ale, — Redwood bee-hive bodies for 10 I,ang- stroth frames. SOcePch; also Hoffman frames, H. VOGELER, 210 Davis St , San Francisco, Cal. For Sale — PO colonies of bees in Heddon hives, wired frames, B'ixtures at reasonable price. $1.00 per colony. J, J. Ov^'ENS, Box 212, Waterloo, Iowa. For S.ale.— Fine farm in Central Michigan, 120 acres best of land first class buildings, fenced, good neighborhood. For particulars address P. McGrath, R. F. D, No 3, Shepherd, Mich. For .Sale.- — My apiary outfit cons'sting of Dove- tailed hive bodies filled with frames of comb : honey and wax extractors, comb-buckets, and other fixtures. Will fill orders as received until sold. Sawmill well located almost new. Al.so good farm well located. All for sale cheap. B. J. Cross, Auburn, Alabama. For Sale — Three apiaries containing about 800 colonies Italian bees in 10-frame hives. Apiaries 2J^ mi es apart, good roads, famous logwood locality, sea- sonaile district. Each apiary fitted with 4-frame ex- tractor honey-knives, uncapping-cans, subsiders so- lar extractors, etc To an energetic man this country offers vast possibilities David Marchalleck, Morant Bay, Jamaica, B. W. I. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 205 1884 1904 Twenty Years c^ =1 Of experience in the manu- facture of Hives and Supplies, 1^ and a little longer in Queen- | rearing, with good facilities, will enable us to fill your or- ders with satisfaction and | promptness. :: Let us send S you our 64-page Catalog. . . . J. M. JENKINS, WETUMPKA, = = ALABAMA. 206 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Feb. 15 2 Per Cent Discount During; tHe MontH of February j^ Send for our 1904 catalogue and price list. Our hives are perfect workmanship and material. TaKe Advantage of Early Disccunts and send your orders in Now. By so doing you SAVE MONEY AND SECURE PROMPT SHIPMENTS Pag'e Q, Lyon Mfg. Co. New London, ^Visconsin, U. S. A. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ Dittmer's Foundation -RETAIL AND WHOLESALE- I Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the Cleanest and Pxirest, and in all respects the best and most desirable. Send for samples. Workiner wax into foundation, for cash, a specialty. Beeswax always wanted at HigHest Price. A. Full I^ine of Supplies, Retail and "WHolesale. Send at ©nee for catalog", with prices and discounts. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., sole agents for Canada. CUS. DITTIVIER, Augusta, Wisconsin ♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^ ORIGINAL PATENT BINGHAM S! BINGHAM GELP CLEANING BEE SMOKER 4-inch heavy tin Pmoke Engine. 3H1 holes in steel fire-g-ate, postpaid $1 50 354-iiich Doctor, i.86 holes in gialc 1 10 3-inch Conqueror, 220 holes in grate 1 00 254inch Large, 170 holts in giate 90 2-inch Wonder, 110 holes in grale 65 4-inch heavy Copper, 381 holes in grale 2 00 Twenty-five years the only patents granted, most improved, standard, and best in the world. Never a complaint. All have shields, bent cup, and coil-wire handles. Never go out, or throw sparks or soot. Bingham Smo- kers are not like other smokers. I would like to show you the many let- ters I have, but will summarize them below: " Don't see hnw they could be improved;" "Best I ever used;" "Perfect satisfaction:" "Perfection itself." The latest unadvertised patent, dated 1903, sent by the inventor on receipt of 10c above regular prices of the 3 larger sizes of smokers. T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, MlCH. Volume XXXIl. MARCH 1, 1904. IN-BEE CULTURE :^ .jIarkbt Quotations .. .212 Straws, by Dr. Miller 21'> Pickings, by Stenog 221 Conversations with Doolittle 222 Editorials ; 223 Salisbury's Automatic Windmill 223 Retailing Candied Honey '•^2^ Burning of Gus. Dittmer's Factory 2^ Glycerine in Honey 226 Useless Patents on Hives 22b (i^NERAL Correspondence .227 "" Pe3dling Iloney". -22^ F. A. Salisbury -f^-' The Automobile for Business and Pleasure 2-^0 Scientific Names 2.32 Sectional Brood Chambers 234 Some Comments on Late Items ■ 235 Heads of Grain -^^ Putting Back Swarms 236 Queens Better the Second Season 236 Flat Covers of California Redvyood 236 Caging Queens to Prevent Swarming ^7 Price for Help in the Apiary ^i Houey-lixiractor Driven bv Foot-Power 237 A Cold-blast German Smoker 23S Cellar Wintering vcith Furnace 238 Maple Sugar as a Bee-feed 238 Shall Bees Have Winter Flight? Reports Encouraging.. Our Homes -•+0 Gardening 243 The A.I. e MEDINA Special Notices 256 ® Root Cq OHIO 3 Eastern Edition. Entered at thk Postoffice at Medina, Ohio, as Second-class Matter OVER A ILLION Lewis' PerfectTSections. 5000 LBS Dadant's Weed Process Foundation. NOW IN STOCK. All other supplies in proportion. Discounts on early orders. Sixty- eig^ht-page catalog- now ready. Send us a list of the goods you want, and we will tell 3'ou what they will cost. We want to hear from you. LEWIS C.&. A. C. WOODMAN Grand Rapids, - Mich. riOCU Ifi STOI?AGE ALUAITIflO YOUR OI^DEf^S Consisting of a full line of STANDARD GOODS #^' Danzenbaken fH-ites, Root's Dov'd Hives, Root's Chaff Hives, Hilton Chaff Hives, Hilton T-Supet? ^ CINCINNATI, OHIO. 214 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1S73.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CAI.VERT, Bus. Mgr. A. I,. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms: $1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50; three years, |2. 00; five years, $.'xOO, hi advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontinuances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose suhsc-iption has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, ani will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like tnis plan may have his journal stopped after the time paid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISll^G K^ITES. Column width, 2ys inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close i2th and liTth. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Nei). 250 lines® IS 500 lines® 16 ICOOlinesO) 14 2000 lines® 12 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 IS " 30 24 " 40 Page Rates {Nei). 1 page $10 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position. 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circulation Ji.verage for 1903, 18.666. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteratiou of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Haraillon, III , Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, I,os Angele-s, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, I,oveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DOOLITTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, F^scondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. CONVENTION NOTICES. The Southwestern Texas Bee-keepers' Association will meei at the courthouse, Beeville, Texas, March 10th and 11th, 1904. Free dianeis on the grounds each day, and all bee-keepers are invited. Don't for- get the time. E. J. Atchley, Pres. The Northern Michigan bee-keepers will hold their annual convention March 30. 31, in Montague Hall. No. 127 Front St., Traverse City, Mich. We expect a large number of bet-keepers to attend. See editorial in the Bee-keepers' Reviezv for December. Read that, and then come to the convention, and bring your neighbor beekeepers. A. I. Root will be present, nothing pre- venting. G. H. Kirkpatrick, Pres. Rapid City, Michigan. HAMILTON COUNTY BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. The next monthly meeting of the Executive Com- mittee of this Association will be held in the Grand Hotel. Cincinnati, on Monday evening, March 14, at 7 30 P. M. These meetings are becoming very inteiest- ing to bee-keepers, as is evidenced by the attendance of members, and others interested in the success of the industry in this locality. The Association reminds bee keepers of the approaching opening of spring honey-flow as being the season that requires their in- creased vigilance and attention to detect the possible re appearance of foul brood in the apiary in infected localities and to become familiarized with the remedy for its prevention and cure. Those who are not con- versant with the mcdei n successful methods of treat- ment are invited to be present at our monthlj' meet- ings, where much valuable information and practical instruction are to be gained through the reading of papers, and open discussion by the members, so that they may he enabled to treat the disease themselves. Silvertown, Ohio. Wm. J. Gilliland, Sec"y. NOT IN THE TRUST. The oldest bee-supply house in the East. Sells the BEST GOODS at former prices. SerkA for Catalog. J. H. M. COOK, 70 Cortlandt £t.. New YorK City. Succeeded to the business of A. J. King, Dec. 14, isy . ARE YOU IN NEED GF EARLY QUEENS ? If so, we can supply vou by return mail with the CHOICEST of TESTED QUEENS for $1 each. These queens are healthy, vigorous, and prolific, and from cur reliable strain of three-band Ital- ians, which aie unsurpassed as honey-gather- ers. Safe arrival, and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for price list and see what others iay about our queens. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., Loreauville, La. QUEENS FOR 1904 SlH^l'IS May, SI. 00 each; six for $5.00. Tested, in March and April, |1.25 each ; six for |7.00. Orders by return mail. Am booking orders for early deliverj'. Sold 1800 last year. Can fill all ordeis, no matter how large. DANIEL WURTH, Karnes City, Karnes Co., Texas. Mention Gleanings in your order. Slate Hive=Covers. — I will furnish most durable and perfect slate hive-covers, 17x21 inches, at $1.5 00 per 100. 13x21 inches, $13 00 per 100 In lots of 20, 10 and 14 cts. each. Large lots at special prices. B. F. AvERiLL, Howardsville, Va. f ^^ ^^ ^ from Buff. Barred, and White Rocks; •" Iji \m ^% Silver leaf, and White Wyandottes; ^^ ^^ Buff Orpingtons ; Single-comb, Buff, White, and Brown L,eghoins; Black Spanish; Black Minorcas; Red Caps, Silver - s^pangled Hamburgs. Price list free. Reference. The A. I. Root Co. The QUALITY POULTRY YARDS, alWedina, [.Ohio. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 215 I. J. Stringfham, New York, keeps in stock several car-loads of Apiarian Supplies of the latest pat- terns, and would be pleased to mail you his 1904 catalog". Bees in season. Apiaries, Glen Cove, L. I. Sales Rooms, 105 Park PI., New York. QUEBNS! ATTENTION! QUEENS! During 190i we will raise and offer you our best queens. Untested, $1.00 each; $5.00 for 6; S9.00 for 12. Tested queens, $1.50 each; best breeders, Jo.OO each. One, two, and three frame nuclei a specialty. Full colonies, and bees by the car-load. Prompt attention to your orders, and safe arrival guaranteed. Satis- faction will be our constant aim. We breed Italians, Carniolans, Cyprians, and Holy-l,ands, in separate yards, 5 to 25 miles apart. Our stock can not be excelled in the world, as past records prove. New blood and the best to be had. Queens will be reared under the supervision of E. J. Atchley, a queen-breeder for 30 years. Write for catalog' telling how to rear queens, and keep bees for profit. THE SOUTHLAND OUEEN, $1.00 per year. TKe Jennie AtcHley Co., Box 18, Beeville, Tex. Teni^essee Qtaeens. Daughters of select imported Italians, select long- tougue (INIoore'si. and select golden, bred 3J^ miles apart, and mated to select drones. No impure bees within three and but few within five miles. No dis- ease; 31 j'ears' experietice. All mismated queens re- placed free. Circular free. Safe arrival guaranteed. JoHn M. Davis, iSprin^ Hill, Xenn. Price before July 1st. After July 1st. 1 1 [ 6 1 12 1 6 12 Untested ....1^ 75I 4 00 ir.o $ m 3 ''o fiOO Select Tested Select tested .... .... 1 00 5 001 9 00 .... 1 50 8 OOiloOO ... 2 00 10 0013 00 75 1 25 1 50 4 25 6 50 8 00 8 00 12 00 15 00 If tHe BEST Qtieens are 'wKat yota want. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more tliau 1000 fine queens iu stock rt-udy for early orders. We guuraiitte satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and five banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queens, $1.50 each : 6 for $7.00, or if 12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $1.00 each for straisht breeders of their sect._ Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or .$8.50 per dozen. M'e send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address XHe Bee ai:\(i Hoiiey Co (Bee Co. Box 70), Beeville, Tex. OUR SPECIALTIES Cary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hive and Supers, Root's Sections, Weed Process i-'oundation, and Bingliam Smokers. :: :: ■; ■: ■: Bees and Queer&s ir^ tHeir >SeasoT\. 32>s»a£ie Catalog^ Free ==z-W. "W. CARY (SL SON, Lyonsville, Mass.=== ^ ^ ^ Try Case Strain. ^ ^ ^ They make the whitest comb honey; have proved best for extracted, especially in Cuba; are but little in- clined to swarm. Queens are carefully bred by experts. Two firms have bought 900 each for their own yards. Our reputation is stcond to none. We mean to keep it up. We are planning better queens, earlier and more of them, for 1901. Fine untested fl. vSelect $1.25. Tested SI. 25, up. Circular for the asking. J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. HONEY QUEENS I shall continue breeding those fine queens for the coming season of 1901. Meantime I shall carry over a large number of queens in nuclei with which to fill orders the coming winter and early spring. I am breeding the Holy Lands, the Golden and Leather strains of pure Italians. Your orders will receive prompt and careful attention. Single queen, $1.25; five for $5 00. Breeders of either race, $3.00 each. W. H. Laws, Beeville, Texas. Ceo. J. Vande Vord Queen-breeder. Daytonia, Fla. Folding Cartons. Already printed at $4.00 per M, so long- as our present stock lasts. Our Queen Circular is now ready to mail. OUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, Bellevue, Ohio. 216 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 DR. MILLER'S 40 years flniono me Bees &&&^ J(J This book has had an increased sale jj Q lately. It contains 328 pages, bound in cloth. O 0 Dr. Miller's crop was 18,000 pounds of Comb V Q Honey last year. In his book he tells just HOW « H he manages bis bees. YOU will want to know V Q his successful way. In fact, every bee-keeper Q sj should own and read Dr. Miller's book. Price, V O postpaid, $1.00. Or, with the Weekly Amer- N S ican Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. V ^B Address the publishers, ^^ ^ QEORQE W. YORK & CO., § 144 6 146 E. Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL. K 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 217 = 300 Queens Mated = ^^By Using the Bees of Only One Colony .^^ Only ten bees have cared for a queen until she was mated ! Virgin queens introduced at any age— often mated the next day after they are introduced ! No permanent nuclei ! No breaking up a lot of colonies into nuclei ! No fertile workers. Isolated mating to drones of a selected colony easily secured ! All this has been accomplished, and W. H. Laws, of Beeville, Texas, who has enjoyed these advantages for more than a year, will tell all about them in an illustrated article that will appear in the March issue (about March 15th) of the Bee-keepers' Review. Send ten cents, and as soon as this issue is out it will be sent to you, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. - Capt. J. E. HetHerington's Bees. FOR iSAIvE. — fOO colonies from the Virginia Apiaries belonging to the estate of the late Capt. J. K Hctherington. These bees are Carniolan, bred from carefully selected queenF, are per- fectly healthy, and in the Hetherington Quinby hives They have had the personal care of Capt. Hetherington. For further information, address H. B. HetHerin^ton, CKerr^^ Valley, N. Y. After April 1st, Hardesty, Warren Co., Virginia. MAPLE-SUGAR MAKERS, Don't Miss a g-ood investment. As horses vary in price according to quality, so do sap-spouts. The GRIMM Spout costs j-ou nothing. The gain of one fourth more sap pays for it. It's a conservative guarantee. Purchaser assumes no rik. Why not venture? Order what you need and return if not as represented. Samples free. G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt. r Victor's= :\ Superior stock Is recognized as such, to the extent that last season I was compelled to withdraw my ad. to keep from being swamped with orders. THIS SEASON I SHAI^L, RUN MY Thirteen Hundred Colonies Exclu= sively for Bees and Queens — and will therefore soon be able to — Have 2000 to 2200 Colonies and Nuclei in Operation which warrants me in promising prompt service. Untested Qiieens$1.00;select un- tested $1.2.5; tested ffl .50; select tested $2.50; breeders $4 00 to $7.00. W. O. VICTORj_ Queen Specialist ^WhartOH, TCX. Pacific Coast Buyers are directed to the announcement that SMITHS' CASH STORE (inc.) 25 Market St., San Francisco, California, carries a complete line of apiary supplies. Root's reg- u'ar and Danzenbaker hives, Dadant's foundtion, and Union hives. Money can be saved by buying from them. Prices quoted same as Root's catalog for 1904, with carload rate 90c per 100 pounds added. This saves buyers $1 50 per 100 pounds in freight, or 36c on each hive. . . Bee«Keepers* Stxpplies Berry-Boxes, Lock=Comered and Mailing Boxes, Etc., —MANUFACTURED BY— J. J. Bradner, Marion, Grant Co., Ind. Orders filled promptly. Send for catalog. Squabs are raised in 1 month, bnng big prices. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrjmen, faimers, women. Here is someihtvg worth lockuig into. Send for oui Free BooK> "How to Make Money With Squabs," and learn this rich icdiisliy. Addiefs PLY MOLT n ROCK SQUAB CO., i9 Friend St., Boston, Mass. DCAPU TRFPC One year from bud, 2 to 4 cents each. rCHl/rl I nuL.O Also plum, apple, pear. etc. Circular free. R. S. JOHNSTON, Box 43, Stockley, Del. 218 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 WHEREVER YOU ARE WE CAN REACH YOU ^ OUR AGENCIFS As is customary with all large concerns, we have agencies or jobbers in different parts of ^ ^uL,iiwiL,.j the tJuited States, where our goods are carried in stock. If you are located near any of those named below it will save you time and freight charges to send your order to them. Where the distance is not so great from Watertown to the agency, these jobbers sell the goods at our regular catalog prices. ::: ::: :;: ::: E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo. J. K. Hill & Co.. Uvalie, Tex. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111. L. O. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. Fred VV. Muth & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, 51 Walnut St. O. M. Seott & Co., Indianapolis, Ind., 1004 East Washington St. Fred Foilgt^r & Sons, Ogden, Utah. Robert Halley, Montrose, Col. Fruit-Growers' Association, Grand Junction, Col. Colorado Honey-Producers' Association, Denver, Col., 1440 Market St. Loui-< Hanssen's Sons, Davenport, Iowa. Paul Bachert, Acton, Calif. Lilly-Bogardus & Co., Seattle, Wash. Colorado Honey-Producers' Association, R. C Aikin, Manager, Loveland, Col. Wisconsin Lumber Co., Faribault, Minn. The Arkimsas Valley Honey-Producers' Association (Incorporated), Rocky Ford, Col. Chas. A. Gallagher, Maquoknta, la. Norris & Anspach, Kenton, Ohio. G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., U. S. A. Bee-keepers^ Supplies. Send for Our New Catalog — 68 Pages. JUL /In - DE-VoTE.[$" •andHoNEY' •AND home:- « ^ublishedb/THEA'll^OoY Co. ^ii5PERYtAR'"'\@ Medina-Ohio- Vol. XXXII. MAR. I, 1904. No. 5 The National Stockman says the Illi- nois Experiment Station has discovered that the bacterium of sweet clover is all rig-ht for alfalfa. How's that? A POINT in favor of paper packages that has hardly been emphasized enough is the convenience and beauty of form of the honey after being stripped of paper and put on the table. [Yes, this is a good point. I predict a great future for these paper pack- ages.—Ed.] A. Straeuli, a Swiss authority, declares in Bienen- Vater that it is not only his con- viction, but that of many others, that there is nothing left for European bee culture but to become Americanized as quickly and completely as possible. [See answer tO' another Straw on this subject. — Ed.] I don't know the answer to Geo. H. Roe's question, page 187, but I venture to guess that, in a country where there is " a lot of rain in winter, with very little frost, and then never down to zero," there would be some advantage in having the bees " un- der a cheap open shed with only a roof." August Kamprath, in Bienen- Vater, speaks of sweet clover as an annual, and sa3's that, on account of strong sweetish fragrance it is despised by cattle, and eat- en only by sheep. Even though it be pos- sible that it is an annual over there, I sus- pect Austrian cattle would learn to eat it as well as American cattle. D. W. Heise must be converted clear through to give up selling tobacco, p. 189. The Christian merchant who sells tobacco must have a befogged brain or befogged something; j'et I'm sorry to say that "in this locality" those who are not thus be- fogged are scarce as hens' teeth. I've known a man to preach to the boys in Sun- day-school against tobacco, and then sell it to them on week days. Consistency, thou art a jewel ! Wax production, can it be made as profitable as honey production? That's the problem a French beekeepers' society (de la Meuse) has set itself to solve. A series of experiments is placed before its mem- bers, with five prizes ranging from $4 to $20. One point to be determined is the compara- tive results in double and single walled hives. G. M. Doolittle says, p. 171, he doesn't see why any one should object to using honey in sugar syrup, "even if the same had to be bought." In many cases it would have to be bought, if used at all; and in a large proportion of those cases it would be exceedingly difficult to be 5«r6? that the hon- ey bought was free from foul brood. Rath- er than run any risk, would it not be better to use tartaric p.cid instead of honey? Per- haps it might be better still to feed early enough and thin enough to need neither honey nor acid. J. A. Green says, p. 180, Illinois honey keeps all right in paper until the heat of summer. There's the rub. Doesn't alfal- fa honey keep through the heat of summer? [No, it did not keep solid in this locality last summer; and that emphasizes the point that such honey should be used up before warm weather. The local beekeepers should take it oflF the grocer's hands if they do not wish to ruin their market for such goods, because there is danger that it will run out and daub the shelves, attract flies, and make a muss generally. — Ed.] I think, Mr. Editor, you'd change your opinion about that metal frame-hanger, p. 179, upon trial. The chief propolizing of a Hoffman is not where the frame rests on the rabbet, but where the end-bars come togeth- er; and this the frame-hanger leaves as bad as ever. [But propolizing at the points of contact between Hoffman frames in most lo- calities is not a serious objection. The metal edges would be better than the wood- en ones. Your locality is like that of a few 220 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 others, but very much unlike the great ma- jority of them. I know that you have more propolis than we do here, and it is of a dif- ferent character. — Ed.] " The idea of using- candied honey as a winter food is a good one," p. 184. Now, some novice reading that will feed candied honey and find it a dreadful waste, and then you'll have a lot of explaining to do, Mr. Editor. I've been watching Mr. Fix- ter's doings with interest, but I protest against his calling Scholz candy "candied honey." Candied honey has no sugar in it. [Thank you for the correction, doctor. I misunderstood Mr. Fixter; and now that you have called my attention to it, the thing that I was apparently indorsing would be wasted. — Ed.] "Bee-keepers, as a rule, will not have a cover jV^^/ wide enough," p. 175. That's new to me. " In this locality " the opinion is vehement that any thing more than just wide enough is a nuisance. [I do not know of any one else in your locality who has very much to do with bees. That statement was based on wide experience as a manu- facturer. We used to make our flat covers just wide enough; but bee-keepers kept com- plaining until we added '4 inch on each side. In your article, is not the local "opinion" you speak of your opinion? — Ed.] Delos Wood has sent me a sample of honey artificially ripened. Just what is the value of the artificial ripening can, of course, be told only by direct comparison with the same honey ripened in the hive; but this honey seems of good flavor, although hardly as heavy in body as honey produced here. [I have tasted samples of bee-ripened and naturally ripened honey. While the two compare very favorably in flavor, yet I could see the difference was in favor of the naturally ripened product. Is it not true that the process of ripening on the part of the bees changes the honey chemically to a certain extent? — Ed.] I've puzzled no little over that perfor- mance of E. A. Newell, p. 188. Now see whether I have the correct situation after he's through: The sanitary bottom board on the old stand, and on it a clean hive with frames and starters, on that a honey- board (queen-excluder), and over that the old hive with the brood. Is that right? If the gas goes from the bottom board up to the second story and does its work there, wouldn't it be simpler and better to set the old hive, bees and all, directly on the san- itary bottom-board without any clean hive in the case? [If your idea is correct (and I think it is) the old hive would be just as good. — Ed.] Bro. a. I. Root, is it not barely possi- ble that you might get one of those hollow potatoes without a hollow (p. 192) by way of a sport? Are they just as hollow on very poor soil? [I suppose, doctor, it will have to be done by way of sporting. But this sporting business does not always go the way we want it to. I have tried them on only one kind of soil— that of Northern Michigan — and there every thing was hol- low. The little bits of potatoes, not larger than hickorynuts, showed a rudimentary hollow; and the man who sent them to me gave as a principal reason why I should not bother with them was that they were all hollow.— A. I. R.] Only two d\ys bees could fly since the first of December at Medina, p. 172. That's just two days more than here. I happen to have the morning temperatures from Jan. 27 to Feb. 18, and the average is 4 above zero. And that includes the warmest spell since Dec. 1, and does not include the coldest. No, the weather has not been sweltering. [This is one very strong reason why you should winter indoors. Many facts go to show that outdoor wintering is practical only where the bees can have one, two, or three days of mid-winter flight; or, we will say, days when a cluster can change its position, and thus get on to a fresh supply of stores. — Ed.] In reply to the question, p. 167, " If the entrances are kept reasonably clear, is it not true that yk depth would be enough?" I should say that, if the entrances were constantly kept entirely clear, a depth of 2 inches would be very much better, especial- ly if the bees should fill nearly all the y% space. The deeper space gives the bees more air. Are you entirely sure you might not have had better results with the deeper space? To your other question, I repl}' that, even if I should look at my bees in the cellar every day, I should still want the deep space. [No, I am not; but we have secured reasonably good results with %- inch depth. The only thing that concerns me is that you may be right, and that we are every winter losing a certain advan- tage that might accrue from the deep en- trance. I should like to hear from our sub- scribers on this point. — Ed.] It skems strange that the man who has done more than any other man living to ad- vance bee-keeping should so stubbornly op- pose progress as does Dzierzon in some things. American bee-keepers will smile when they read that he denounces opening a hive from above because it takes so much time, and can be done only by killing a great many bees. [Is there not here a good lesson for you and me (for we are both young, you know), that, when we get old, we should be careful not to allow our old preconceived notions to run us into obvious error? Certainly American bee keepers will smile at Dr. Dzierzon, notwithstanding tve may admire him for what he has done in the way of clearing up the subject of parthenogenesis. And we admire him, too, for placing bee-keeping in Germany on a higher plane of practicability than it for- merly occupied. But he did not begin to make as long a stride forward as did father Langstroth. If there is a growing convic- tion in Europe that European bee culture 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 221 should be Americanized as soon as possible, it onlj' goes to show that the bee-keepers on the other side recognize that Dzierzon did not go far enough. — Ed.] J. M. GouTTKFANGEAS, in Revue Eclec- tique, says ventilating bees work tail down, and calling bees tail up. He thinks the call, as when a swarm is entering a hive, instead of being a sound of joy is one of fear or alarm. Among the proofs he cites, is that this same call, tail up, is given by bees whenever disturbed, and even by chilled bees when warmed up. But it's hard to give up the notion that a swarm marches into its new home with a note of joy. [I had never noticed there was any difference in the position of the tail when the bees were fanning. I had always sup- posed it was up. I shall be interested in making this a matter of observation the coming summer. Like yourself I do not be- lieve it is true there is no joy on the part of the bees when they march into their new home. If there is* any difference in the ele- vation of the tails it must be due to the idiosyncrasy of the particular swarms or colonies. — Ed.] In reply to a question, p. 168, I can't look the matter up now, so can not say pos- itively, but I think that several bee-keep- ers' organizations in Europe have done more than our National in securing legislation, etc. They get more from the public crib than we do. The Central Union in Aus- tria, last year, got grants of $2788, and its balance-sheet shows a total of $7753 re- ceived and disbursed. This year it has set itself the task of providing for any or all of its 8088 members at a low cost of in- surance against fire, thieves, damage done by bees to others, flood, avalanche, earth- quake, and foul brood. Isn't that dusty? [I give it up; but, just the same, I am glad now I threw in those question-marks, as we are now in possession of certain infor- mation that otherwise we might not have had, and we will make a strong effort to make our own National as strong finan- cially as those that have government aid. I will insist on this, however, that there is no organization without government aid that has "kicked up so much dust "as the National. If you have any evidence to break down this statement, trot it out. — Ed.] Stamp outfit for making number ing- tags at 75 cts., and brass stencils for 35 cents, page 156. Good! that helps. Now please go a step further and tell us what you'll furnish the tags for. A further sug- gestion: Packing- boxes have printing on them that stands the weather. Why can't you print wooden tags }i thick the same way? I'd like a lot of them running from 1 to 100. Fastened on the center of the front of the hive, a number means just what it says: at the right the number 25 would mean 125; at the left, 25 would mean 225; and so of other numbers. Higher numbers could have other locations. I've used them that way successfully; but unless costing less I'd rather have the full numbers print- ed. What'll you take for such printed wooden tags? Or could you print zinc tags? [We have been furnishing manilla tagboard numbers up to 100 — tags immersed in lin- seed oil — at $1.00 per hundred. We could furnish the numbered wooden tags >4 inch thick, and the width of a section, for about $2. 00 per 100. They would cost more to print, as we can print the tags in large sheets, and then cut up. We can furnish the plain strips of wood, not numbered, for $3 00 per barrel. This would be cheaper, and the bee-keeper can do his own number- ing with a 35-cent stencil. When these be- come soiled he could make new at a small expense. — Ed.] Again the warlike shot and shell Against our kind are hurled ; The long-expected fight is on That may involve the world, BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. The appearance of the B. B. J. has been greatly improved lately by a dress of new type. Active measures are being taken by the Germans to develop bee-keeping in South- west Africa. Several colonies have been carried there from Germany. Radium is just now commanding a de-^ gree of attention that is in an inverse ratic to its scarcity; but from what we do know of it, it is entirely safe to say it is destined to revolutionize the science of medicine so far as bacteriology is concerned, and add immeasurably to human life and comfort. It really seems as if we were on the thresh- old of an advance in science that will change for the better all conditions of hu- man life. The exceeding scarceness of this substance is at present the only drawback to a rapid acquisition of knowledge as to what it can and will do for man. But that objection once applied to aluminum; for some of us can remember when it was as valuable as gold, even while we drink tea made in cups of that same metal. A very well-informed writer in the British Bee Journal has this to say about it as a cure for foul brood. His last sentence will sure- ly be the hope of all of us. In experiments made it has been found that the rays of radium have proved fatal to all kinds of bacteria. A great many tests have been made in treating differ- ent kinds of germ disease, and in almost every case ex- posure to the rays destroyed the germs, so that on 222 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 trial being made it was proved that they cease to grow and multiply in a gelatine raedi ira. Experiments have been made whereby the rays have been allowed to pass through a hole in a metal disc and strike on a small mass of gelatine containing active germs, with the result that thev were developed, except on the spot where the rays had struck. This undoubtedly proves that a comb so treated would be sterilized, and that radium may prove able to accomplish a cure of foul brood. I ask no one to accept this as a truism until the experiment has been tried and found a success. All I now plead for is, that, theoreticnllv. it should do what I claim for it. Some of our scientific bee-keepers might be ab^e to bring a small piece of comb, con ain- iD°- active germs of foul brood, under the action of ra- dium ray-i, and prove if the deadly po.ssibililiesof germ or spore would be rendered innocuous. The heavj' cost of even the most minute particle may prove a bar to any thing more than this simple experiment; but this wonderful force is only in its infancy, and bv and by will become more common and attainable. I hope this is not merely a vain dream! Dr. Miller's remarks about Dzierzon, in Straws, this issue, embolden me to refer to something- I read a few days ag^o in a Spanish journal concerning^ the venerable bee-master. When all the talk is on one side it is a little disagreeable to attempt to sweep the Atlantic in another direction bj' way of criticism. The article in ques- tion, signed by a man named Weber, prob- ably a German, begins thus: Some time ago the bee-keepers of other countries had considerable to say concerning a s. ecies of idola- try in which the Germans ho d Dzierzon. They credit to him all discoveries, all inventions, all prog- ress in modern apiculture; and when, at apicultural reunions, Dzierzon speak*, all, even the mo'it nota- ble, bow their heads before the oracle and are silent. At an apicultural meeting in Breslau, in 1901, Mr. Bassler, editor of Deiitsche Imker aus Boehmen, made a speech in which he inveighed bitterly against the servile atti- tude of the Germans concerning Dzierzon, and yet gave him a world of credit for the good he has unquestionably done. The speech is one of the finest I have ever read, but too long to give here. One paragraph concerning parthenogenesis is the most striking of all: It is claimed that this good gentleman Dzierzon, was the first to discover parthenogenesis — that par- ticular property that a beeegg has of producing, with- out being fertilize.1, a male b-e. I have shown to him that 500 years before Christ, old Ari.stoteles pub- lished this wonder; and that Huber, our great Geneva bee-lover, had, at the beginning of the past century, demonstrated scientifically by ana'omy the same thing by the laying bees he sent to Miss Jurine. Concerning hives and frames he says further: I,ikewise, to Dzierzon is attributed the invention of the movable frame. I have shown him that movable- ness of frames was practiced in France while as yet there was no Dzierzon, who, to tell the truth, did not invent movable combs, and was not himself converted to "mobility" until the square frame was adopted in all parts. Even to-day his frame is but an imperfect one, and his hive only half movable, which even his most ardent admirers do not use. While all this seems to be true, it is still a greater satisfaction to know that Dzier- zon's life is made happier by an overween- ing fondness on the part of his fellow-citi- zens than to think that father Langstroth's life was embittered in this country by be- ing so greatly underrated and misrepre- sented by the very men who should have pursued an opposite course. ■^ ABOUT WINTER STORES. " I have been reading what you have said about your severe winter in your lo- calit3% and have come up from Georgia (by letter) to have a little talk with you, and invite you to come down and winter with us next winter, for we have none of the snow or zero weather which you have in York State." " I thank you very much, Mr. Brown, for the invitation; but I have so man}' ties which bind me here that it is not probable I can see my way clear to come. I know I should enjoj' your winter ver}' much, for the winters in the sunny South are very pleas- ant; at least I found it so the winter I was in Arkansas. Yet there is a certain enjoy- ment up here at the North with our bright coal fires and cozy rooms, in and around which the family gather, bidding defiance to the cold without, that is not to be had in the South. 'Small comfort,' do I hear j'ou say? Well, it may so appear to you; but we manage to keep very comfortable the most of the time." "f know there are blessings and comforts at the North which we Southerners can not realize; and the most of us are quite will- ing to be deprived of them in considering ours the better. But suppose we proceed to the little talk I wish to have with you." " I am agreeable. What shall it be about?" " My bees seem to be getting short of stores, and I am afraid I shall have to feed before April. I supposed I gave them the regulation amount which you advocated (25 lbs.), last fall, but I might have failed in this." " Perhaps I should have qualified my ideas of winter stores somewhat. I was ad- vocating that 25 pounds of stores should be sufficient for colonies in this northern clime." " Don't you think bees will consume as much honey in the South from the middle of October to the middle of April as they would at the extreme North?" "As you put it, I would say that I should estimate it would take more stores to carry bees from the middle ot October to the middle of April in the South than it would at the North, but I should judge that bees would winter on less with you than with us." "I do not understand. Please explain more fully." " What I mean is this: I should consider that it would take more stores to ivinter a colony where winter held sway for five to six months, as it does here, than where 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 223 winter lasts only about two months, as I understand it does in the South. After about the first of March I understand it is spririq- in the South, while we often have six weeks of winter weather after that time." "Then you alluded to the time the bees are in a partially quiescent state, hy the word ' winter'?" " Yes. When bees beg'in to breed to any great extent, then is when a great consump- tion of honey occurs; and if no honey is to be had from the fields at such times of rap- id breeding", the stores in the hive are drawn upon so rapidly that starvation often occurs, when the apiarist thought his bees had sufficient stores to last for months, he judging from the consumption needed for the fall and winter months. Hence the wise apiarist has an eye out on this matter, from now on till the flowers give honey in the spring, unless his hives were very heavy in honey the preceding fall." "But what about the warm weather in the fall we often have when the bees can fly nearh' every daj'. and that after all nectar secretion in the flowers has past?" " Some seem to think that mild weather with no honey-flow is a trying ordeal on the stores in the hives; but it depends very much on when this mild weather occurs. If in October, November, December, and January, and the bees are on their sum- mer stands, I have found that here, in Cen- tral Nevy York, they consume fir less stores than they do in cold weather, as at this time there is no disposition toward brood- rearing, and the mild weather does not call for so much honey being used as ' fuel ' as does the cold. At such times colonies out- doors consume but little more than do those in the cellar, or about a pound a month, while with very cold weather, as the pres- ent winter has been, the colony outdoors re- quires from double to treble that amount, even when wintering perfectly." " I had supposed that in your cold cli- mate bees used five or six pounds a month." " Oh, no! not when wintering perfectly. But let any colony become uneasy from any cause, and they' will go to eating voracious- ly, and from this brood-rearing will result in nineteen cases out of twenty, and the consumption will increase from the average of from one to three pounds a month to from five to eight pounds a month, generally re- sulting in that colony dying before April, or its vitality becoming- so exhausted so that spring dwindling will be the result. I suppose with your short winters you do not have this state of affairs." " Not to any such extent as you Northern bee-keepers do; but we have a large con- sumption of stores after brood-rearing commences." " Undoubtedly this is so, on the same plan it is with us in April and May, when our healthy colonies begin to rear brood rapidly preparatory to increasing for the swarming season. And I judge you are as pleased to see brood in February and March as we are to see it in April and May." "Yes. But what am I to do for stores before the flowers open which give a secre- tion of nectar?" "It is generally better to know that each colony has enough in the fall to carry it over till nectar is expected in the spring, even if you had to allow forty pounds for each colony; but if, from any cause, the bees do not have enough when brood-rear- ing commences at the beginning of the season, it is well to feed, for there is no time in the year when it pays better to feed than after the bees begin to rear brood and have general weekly or daily flights; for the fe d so used not only preserves the life of the colony but helps much by way of stimulating the colony to greater efforts than wouM otherwise be made; and if this stimiilalion brings your bees on the stage of action in the right time for any honey harvest you will be doubly paid for all feeding you may feel obliged to do." The Ohio foul- brood bill, spoken of on page 172, has passed the House, without a dissenting vote. It now remains for it to get through the Senate, and finally receive the signature of the Governor. If the bee- keepers of the State do their duty in writ- ing their Senators it will pass the Senate. A CORRECTION. Referring to the next to the last Straw on page 168, Dr. Miller says he was not ob- jecting that the thing could not be done — giving a larger proportion of young bees to a nucleus — but that he was interposing in behalf of the beginner because we had not told Jiow it was to be done. In my footnote telling how, I spoke as if the doctor did not know the kink, when a more careful read- ing would have shown that he did. I deem it but right and fair that I make this ex- planation, although the doctor does not expect or ask it. SALISBURY'S AUTOMATIC WINDMILL ELEVA- TOR. El-Sewhere in this issue I have referred to Salisbury's elevator that runs by wind power, works for nothing, and boards it- self. Since that article went to press, the following letter shows that the thing is a success in every way: I have a " rig that luus." " It is built to run, and it does it "—not an auto but an elevater by wind energy stored up by windmiU. There is just one drawback, now that we have dry sand — 'dusty.'" However, I 224 GLEANINGS IN BKE CULTURE. Mar. 1 have built an opening to the outer air from the top of the upper bin of sand so there is a draft over the top of sand to the outer air. In time we may get the dust all out. There is " nothing to watch but the brake." Step on the elevator; pull rope to valve at bottom of sand-bin. Take off brake. She moves. Go to top floor Pull brake-rope. Step ofT Pull valve rope at b ttora of bucket. Walk around. Step on elevator. Take off brake. Down we go. Fine. F. A. Salisbury. Syracuse, N. Y. wintp:r losses. Please send in postal-card reports of how the bees are wintering' in your locality. It is important to know this, as it will have some bearing on the price of honey. We will give a summary in our next and sub- sequent issues. We fear heavy losses in some localities. In York State heavy loss- es are reported already. Make your re- ports brief — not over three or four sentences — or we can't use them. RETAILING CANDIED HONEY FROM SQUARE CANS WITHOUT REMELTING; A VAL- UABLE KINK OF THE TRADE. Mr. Jesse Warren, who has charge of our retail-honey department, has developed a plan by which honey that is candied sol- id in square cans may be removed bodily, cut into one-pound bricks, and wrapped in waxed paper just as a grocer wraps up bricks of creamery butter. We have taken some photos; but before I can get these be- fore the public the matter will be somewhat out of season, so I give the essential princi- ples now. His modus operandi is this: He takes a can of honey that he knows is candied solid and hard to hold its shape. He then takes a pair of tinner's snips, cuts the tin down the sides, and then pulls it off from the cake of honey. He now takes a piece of iron or steel wire, about No. 20, or a small strong fishline a yard long. To each end of this is secured a wooden han- dle. The cake of solid honey is laid on its side on a board, when he slips the wire un- der the cake, back, say, two inches. He draws it around the cake, crosses the two ends of the wire, grabs the handles, then pulls slowly, when the wire passes easily and nicely right through the whole cake. A paddle or thin-bladed knife is then inserted in the crack where the wire passes, cleav- ing a slab of honey two inches thick, the size of the top of the square can. Another slice is taken off in a like manner. These slabs are then resliced the saine way into one pound bricks. They are next wrapped in paraffine paper. Another paper wrap- ping with suitable label, and directions how to handle, makes a very neat and pret- ty package that costs almost nothing. The only expense is the sacrificing of the can. But this is offset by the saving of the labor of melting the honey to get it out, and then recandying after it is poured into paper baps. The wire method of cutting originated with Mr. Warren, so far as I know. It must be remembered that a knife will not cut a solid cake of candied honey. While we have used alfalfa honey for cutting up into bricks, we can use some clover. Try it and be convinced. A little later on I will have illustrations showing more exactly the method of procedure. As I have before stated, all candied hon- ey should be sold to the local trade, or to the trade that knows jc" personally- After you have once introduced it, it will sell of itself. Paper-bag honey sells without any effort among our employees. Solid alfalfa- honey bricks, put up in the manner I have explained, sells equally well. Try some, then go out among your friends and neigh- bors and see how it will sell. Honey in barrels that has candied solid can be treated with a wire, and cut into all shapes and sizes. Loosen the hoops, pull off the staves, then slice the honey with a wire just as you want it. I should, per- haps, explain that, when the wire passes through the honey, the cake will cleave to the larger piece; but a thin-bladed knife or paddle will effect a separation very easily after it is cut with the wire. HOW TO nearly double YOUR MONEY. I hold in my hand a sample of candied honey the size and shape of a two-inch cube. This was cut with a wire as ex- plained just above. It is wrapped in par- affine paper, and retails for a nickel. It has a very neat and toothsome appearance; and the package — well, it does not cost any thing comparatively. One solid chunk of candied honey, as it comes from a square can, will furnish 160 of these cubes, which, at 5 cents each, will make the entire con- tents net the bee-keeper $8 00, or 13^ cents per lb. for honey costing 6 or 7 cents. The time of cutting up the chunk from a square can, and wrapping, will occupy about three hours. If this is done on a rainy day, or by the children, the expense will be nomi- nal. Try the experiment, and report re- sults. You will find it (the honey, I mean) goes off like hot cakes. GOVERNMENT AID FOR APICULTURE. We have been aware for some time that the United States Department of Agricul- ture was anxious to do a great deal for the apiarian industry of this country, as, in- deed, we believe it is disposed to do for every branch related to the tilling of the soil; but naturall}', since there are so many great agricultural industries, such as cot- ton, corn, and wheat raising, the stock in- dustry, and all of those matters upon which these depend, such as the development of irrigation, methods in forestr3', and the im- provement of the soil through the use of fer- tilizers, our own branch has, in a great measure, had to be patient for its due rec- ognition. We have also been aware that Mr. Frank Benton, charged at the Depart- ment of Agriculture with attention to cor- respondence relating to apiarian matters, has never, during his connection with that Department, allowed to pass unutilized an 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 225 opportunity to push forward the claims of apiculture, and that, little by little, some progress has been made, notwithstanding- the funds for any work in connection with apiculture have been next to nothiog^. We are glad to be able to say, however, that far more good to the industry at large has resulted from the Department work thus far done than most bee-keepers real- ize, so quietly has it gone on. Several De- partment bulletins on apiculture have been issued, and have reached a wide cirula- tion, especiall3' among those who before knew nothing of the existence of bee litera- ture. Numerous editions have been called for, and great general interest in the pur- suit has thus been aroused. Much has been done through the prestige of the De- partment to combat and put down errone- ous ideas regarding the adulteration of honey. The Department has lent its aid toward securing needed foul-brood legisla- tion in various States, and also enlightened decisions in legal controversies involving important points and precedents affecting apiculture. The needs of the industry in various sections of the Union have been un- der consideration at the Department, and further plans to benefit each section have been matured. We are assured that these would long since have been in process of execution had not the constantly increasing demands for direct work against injurious insects been so great that the funds appro- priated for the Division of Entomology could not be made to reach beyond the most ur- gent needs for remedial measures against serious damage to staple crops. But a new era has opened in this line of work; and legislators, in view of the great benefits that have come through it, are beginning to appreciate the need of greater liberality to- ward it. In the matter of apiculture at the Depart- ment, still another distinct line of progress has been carried forward which will count for much in the future; and that is, the gaining of a proper recognition of the just claims of apiculture, and the adjusting of its status to the other branches under the protec- tion of the Department, coupled with such appeals for proper financial recognition as must result eventually in the substantial grants so much desired, with such liberty of action as is necessary to the accomplish- ment of substantial work for the advance- ment of apiculture. The field in which careful experimental work may be under- taken on a scientific basis in the interests of apiculture is so wide that there is vast opportunity for years of such work; and the efforts to secure permanent and suitable recognition should look to a continuation of the same — to permanence in a section or di- vision of apiculture under governmental auspices, the head of which, with all as- sistants, should receive their appointments under civil-service regulations solely on the basis of their fitness for the work. Viewing the matter in this light we have taken occasion to urge upon our represent- atives in Congress that the recommendation of the Honorable Secretary of Agriculture in his last annual report, as regards the Division of Entomology, should receive the support of every member of Congress who had our interests at heart. We refer to the very urgent request which the Secretary made at the close of his report f jr 1903, to the President of the United States, "that the Division of Entoinology be developed into a Bureau, in accordance with the esti- mates which he had mide, and the recom- mendations of the Chief himself, of the Di- vision of Entomology." These recommend- ations contemplate numerous sections or divisions of the work, each under an expert in his line, among others a section devoted to apicultural investigations with a distinct sum of money for the carrying-on of experi- mental work and the publication of the re- sults of such work. We can not conceive that there is in the whole length of our land a single bee-keeper but that would wel- come such an advanced step in connection with our beloved pursuit. It is soinething which should be heartily supported irre- spective of personal considerations, for the building-up of such an institute or division devoted to investigation of any or every top- ic of importance connected with our pursuit, is for all time — at least, all will sincerely hope that such will be the case, and that those who come after us will commend our judgment in building it upon such broad lines. We think, therefore, that every po- litical or personal difference should sink into insignificance in connection with this matter, and that, to the legislators of whom we would ask this recognition, we should present a unanimous request and a united front, which should cause them to think se- riously that we are in earnest in our desire for recognition beside the other respectable industries of the country. Viewing the matter in this broad light we feel certain that the mass of bee-keepers who read this will not hesitate to urge upon their representatives in Congress a support of the measure, in connection with which we consider ourselves extremely fortunate in having so able and liberal an advocate as the Secretary of Agriculture himself, the Honorable James Wilson, namely: "that the Division of Entomology of the United States Department of Agriculture be made a Bureau of Entomology, with a Division of Apiculture." No matter, therefore, how humble you may consider yourself, to whatever political party you may belong, however slight you believe your influence to be, drop a line at once to your Representative and one to each of your Senators in the United States Con- gress, stating to them that you would be glad to have the above recommendation of the Secretary of Agriculture carried into effect. The bill is now under CDnsideration, and such a deluge of letters and cards should be received by members as will show them that we are deeply interested in the matter. 226 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 GLYCERINE IN HONEY TO PREVENT GRANU- LATION. We have been trying- small percentages of glycerine in honey to see if it would pre- vent candying-. A certain lot of clear honey was set aside. Some bags had honey vsrith- out glj'cerine; in others there was one per cent, in others two per cent, and in others three per cent. They were then put in a room where it freezes very hard. Now for results: There zvas 7iot one of those samples, not even those without glycerine, that showed any trace of candying; but it was very cold during the period mentioned, and the honey, although perfectly clear, was almost as solid as a brick. It appeared to be like some very thick tenacious crystalline taffy. We brought it inside and let it warm up, when it became as liquid as ever. It begins to appear that honey, in order to candy, must not have too cold nor a too continuous cold temperature; a warming-up and then a freezing, another warming-up and another freezing, and so on, seems to be necessary to hasten the process. But above all it is very important to have a little candied hon- ey inserted in every lot, on the principle that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. My brother is making some experiments at our Chicago office along the same line and will report soon. But he says that the two- per- cent glycerine imparts to the honey a very slight taste of the glycerine; that our office people could detect tinctured samples almost unerringly. More anon. useless patents on hives AND THEIR AP- PLIANCES; THE MAN WITH THE FLYING- MACHINE THAT didn't fly. Very recently a customer of ours wished to know if a certain idea had ever been pat- ented. As we have copies of all the patents that have ever been issued on apiculture on file in our office, the same being properly indexed, I made a general search; but the invention was of such a nature that it prob- ably could not be fully described in an in- dex, and I therefore found it necessary to go over all the patents one by one. While I did not find what I was after, my search revealed one fact which I think would be interesting to our readers, and that is this: Nine- tenths — yes, I am safe in saying nine- ty-nine per cent — of all patents relating to bee culture have been issued to men — I can hardly call them bee-keepers — who have had almost no practical knowledge of the general principles covering hive-construc- tion and the general habits of bees. The great majority of these useless inventions, even if thej' would accomplish what was ex- pected of them by the brilliant(?) geniuses that evolved them, would have absolutely no sale, for the simple reason that the dear public is not going to pay for something for which it has absolutely no need. Let me give a few illustrations of some of the won- derful?) inventions. One inventor got up a hiving- apparatus that consisted of cogwheels, shafting, chain gearing, and elaborate framework, for dumping a swarm, after it has clustered, into a hive. The whole apparatus would cost a hundred times as much as any swarm is worth. And, just think of it! here was a man who had the temerity to pay out $100 for a patent covering something he supposed would have a demand. Was he after glory or money? And then the devices that were gotten up to catch the moth- miller! The amount of brains and time that has been spent on this one subject alone is enough to have made a nice little fortune. We have something like 1500 apicultural patents in our office, which number comprises the en- tire list. Probably a fourth of them is de- voted to moth-traps — say there are 300; then let us estimate $00 as the cost of each pat- ent, or $30,000. This amount went into the hands of patent attorneys. Besides this is loss of time, which, if it had been spent behind the plow-handle, would have made another fortune. It does seem as if the general government ought to have an expert to pass on the prac- ticability of some of the subjects that come up for patents. This would afford protec- tion to some fools who need to be saved from themselves, and save thousands of dollars; but it might also throw thousands of quack attorneys out of business. If there were an expert in each depart- ment who would rule out certain inventions that have no value, it would save good dol- lars, wasted efforts, and blighted hopes. But the government does do something in this line to a certain extent. For example, some years ago a poor deluded chap, poorly dressed, a typical inventor (in appearance), desired to see A. I. Root in private. An ordinary office would not do. Somebody might be listening over the transom, and the walls might act as a sounding-board so that the valuable secret that he was abc ut to impart might be given to the world. No, he must go out into a ten- acre field. Much against his will, A. I. R. finally yielded, and then the fellow drew from his pocket some well-soiled blue prints showing a flying-machine. He had applied for a pat- ent; but the examiner refused to consider his application unless he would make a practical working model. This would cost hundreds and perhaps thousands of dollars. So our friend sought out some one with means to help him get up a model that would demonstrate to the government that his ideas would work; and would A. I. R. help him? He would give him a big inter- est in his invention, and he kneiv it would work. A. I. R. saw at a glance that the man did not understand the first principles of philosophy, and could give him no en- couragement. We never heard of the in- vention further; and the probabilities are the government refused to recognize it. If the same principle had been applied to some of the bee-inventions, half of the pat- ents that have been issued would have been barred out. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 227 ^ ^4^; =aE ARRY LATHROP'S article on page 20 is very interesting indeed. It induces me to make a few more remarks along that line, and give a slight touch of the other side of the picture. The editor says in his footnote, " We are not all born salesmen." This is true, and it applies to my case to the full meaning of of his assertion. Being naturally a little bashful, not easy to make friends among strangers, I have no natural inclination for the business of traveling salesman; still, if I encounter the inevitable, if I am com- pelled to take that role in life's drama, I can do quite an amount of "blabbing," which is an essential feature of a success- ful salesman. For the last two or three years I have sold all my honey, which I did not sell to neighboring stores and groceries in larger quantities, by going from house to house, selling a can or nure at a time; and this experience enables me, although I have never been so completely disappointed as he reports, to sympathize fully with the writer of the above mentioned article. As an encouragement to Mr. Lathrop I will say, "Don't give up on account of one day's disappointment; but try again." Peddling honey has, like every thing else, its ups and downs; we don't always strike it rich; some days it may seem like terribly steep uphill business, while other days may roll in the money by the handfuls. As an il- lustration, and a proof that the latter sen- tence is almost literally true, let me give you one day's experience. Late last fall I chanced to take a trip to Niagara Falls with the intention of mak- ing a display of my goods at the city mar- ket. The way business is transacted here is very informal. One of the streets run- ning at right angles to Main Street is set apart as a gathering-place of producers and consumers, to transact a general mar- ket business. Here the farmers from miles of surrounding country, with their various lo.ids of produce, comprising any thing froin a dozen eggs to a load of hay or grain, drive in in the morning, back up against the sidewalk, and make a display of their goods, awaiting purchasing callers. There are no reserved seats; but the rule is that whoever ccmes first is served first; that is, the first comer takes his stand next to Main Street; the second next, and so on, until the street is lined on both sides for a con- siderable distance. The advantage of be- ing at or near the head of the street is plain to be seen. Any customer who finds what he intends to purchase is not very likely to travel the whole length of the street just to see what the rest have to sell. [PureJoney) " At first things, looked a little gloomy." When I arrived at the place it was rather late. The line of would-be sellers was a long one, and, by good rights, I belonged with my rig way down at the lower end. This, however, did not suit my fancy. I turned around at the lower end, and, look- ing for a chance when driving back, I found a little gap near the head between two far- mers' wagons, almost wide enough for my rig. At my request one of the men, thanks to his good nature, moved a little to one side, which gave me a chance to back in between. Thus stationed I made my dis- play of goods, which consisted of extra nice extracted honey in pint and quart cans, all liquid and sparkling, and some fancy sec- tions of comb honey, and awaited results. At first, things looked a little gloomy. Purchasers did not flock in as I had hoped, until after some minutes of patient waiting. One passing lady, in looking at my honey, asked: "Is your \\oxiG.y puref'' The reply I made must be imagined, for it would fill more space here than the editor would be 228 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 willing- to allow. But let me emphasize- here is where the blabbiner came in. In answering- her question I delivered a g-ood half hour lecture in less than two minutes, trying to convince her of the purity and all the good points of my honey. In the mean- time, passing people had stopped to listen; and by the time my lady iriend was ready " Is my honey pure? now listen ! " to buy one of my quart cans I had quite a crowd around me. To cut the story short, for quite a few minutes I handed out cans, mostly quarts, as fast as I could make the change, many of the purchasers promising to buy more the next time I attended the market, if the honey proved what I had rec- ommended it to be. When the market closed, at 11 A. M., I had a few cans left. With these I drove to Main St. and tied my horse in front of one of the stores, where I had a little business to transact. A few minutes later, while I '• Hello ! Where's this honey-man ! " was conversing with the storekeeper in- side, some one opened the door and in- quired: " Hello! where is this honey-man?" After introducing myself he requested me to show him what I had to sell. It did not take very long to convince him that I car- ried the genuine article; and, what pleased me still more, was the fact that he ordered two cans to be left at the corner drug- store across the street. When I delivered the cans they were closely scrutinized by the clerks and some other parties who happened to be present, and one of the clerks asked: " What guarantee have we that this is pure honey? " Here another lecture-like conversation, too long to be repeated, took place, the sub- stance of which may be concentrated in my reply: " First, pure honey and my name and ad- dress are on every package; and, second, back of this is the New York State law that prohibits all honey adulterations." Before I left the place I sold two more cans to those other parties. After this last deal I had two quart cans and five or six pint cans left; and, being well satisfied with my two or three hours' work, I started for home. On my way I had to pass the hardware store where I had purchased my honey-tanks. I am well ac- " What guarantee have we ? " quainted with one of the proprietors. He always seemed to be quite interested in bee- keeping, and ready for an occasional bee- talk. Not expecting or intending to make any sales I stepped in to have a few min- utes' chat with my friend. After exchang- ing the usual salutations of the day I said, " Mr. N., would you like to see what I am selling? " "Certainly," was his reply. I reached back for my sample-case, which I had taken in and set a little to one side, and placed it on the counter. The result was most gratifying to myse f. It brought out many exclamations of admiration. One of the nearb}' lady clerks said: " Oh! isn't this honey fine? I guess I'll take a can of it." Then the proprietor chimed in: " Yes, this is nice. I am not keeping house myself; but I'll take a can to make my landlady a Christmas present." Another clerk, just passing on his way to dinner, looked at the honey, handed me the cash, and took one can heme with him. The few pint cans I had left when leav- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 229 ing- the store I sold at a grocery before I reached home, and this closed a profitable day's peddling- honey. A great help in selling honey on the road is a proper traveling outfit, which enables us to present our products in clean, neat, and inviting- appearance. I know from ex- perience that at least one-fourth of my sales can be directly traced back to this feature. A full description of my outfit, with illustration, I will g-ive later on. La Salle, N. Y. F. A. SALISBURY. The Dealer in Bee.keepers' Supplies ; how Makes Use of the Automobile for Business and Pleasure. he BY E. R. ROOT. We have in contemplation a series of ar- ticles showing the faces of some of the dealers in bee-keepers' supplies represent- ing various manufacturers in the country. Many of the names of these dealers are like household words in bee-keepers' homes; and, naturally enough, we should like to know them a little more intimately, and so we propose giving 3'ou a look at their faces, and, in some cases, their place of business. I have already introduced to you Mr. F. H. Farmer, of Boston, and now take plea- sure in presenting Mr. F. A. Salisbury, one of the largest dealers in supplies in the United States. He is a good fellow, a splendid business man, very systematic in every thing he undertakes. In office para- phernalia and office fixtures he has every thing down to a science. His place of busi- ness is located in the residence portion of Syracuse, one of the pleasantest cities in Central New York; and when business is not rushing he finds pleasure and diversion in driving a horseless carriage. Just be- fore going to Syracuse I wired Mr. Salis- bury that I would be there on a certain train. Much to my surprise he met me at the station and escorted me to his automo- bile. The snow was deep, and it was then snowing furiously. " My, oh my! " I said; " you are not go- ing- to try to take me these two miles right through this snow to your home in that thing, are you ? " "Why not?" said he with a smile. "No weather is too bad to keep it indoors. Get in " I did so. He had the tires of the rear wheels wrapped around with chains so as to keep them from slipping-. Well, it would surprise you to see how we did spoil those snowdrifts. He dodged like an old experi- enced chauffeur between trucks and street- SALISBURY AT WORK IN HIS OFFICE. 230 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar, 1 cars in a way that made the hair of an old driver of this kind of vehicle stand on end. " My g'oodness, Salisbury! you just bare- ly missed that heavy truck- wheel. I should not dare do it." " Pshaw! " said he; " I do it every day." " All rig'ht," I said; " I can stand it if you can But say, Frank, how long' have you had an autmobile? " "About six months. Don't you remem- ber writing^ me, ordering me to get a ma- chine? You see I obeyed orders." Then I remembered that, several months before, Mr. Salisbury wrote that the heavy business he was having was wearing on his health, and that he was getting nearly tired out. In a joking way I ordered him to get an auto instanter and make some spins outdoors, never suspecting I could get a bachelor like him interested to the ex- tent that he would carry out my instruc- tions to the letter. He went right up to the garage of the Olds machine, for I had said that was a good one, and gave an order. To m.ike a long story short, he got one of the latest machines, and here he had been driving it some six months, without any trouble with it whatever. " How did that happen? " I said. " Why, you told me to study the book, and I did." He tinkered and fussed with it until he came to understand its mechanism through- out; and instead of waiting until something was out of order on the road, he saw to it that every time he started out it was in proper condition; and the result was, when- ever he was ready to go, it was. He had been using it in all kinds of weather, both for pleasure and business. He could go down to the city or to the depots or express of- fices in about half the time it took him to go on the street cars. On a rush order he could take small packages with him, deliv- er them at the express office, go to the bank, and do various errands, in a time that would leave the old way clear in the shade. "Look here, Frank," I said, as we ap- proached his house; "you do not propose to go up that hill in all this snow, do you?" " Why, sure." Mr. Salisbury's large warehouse is up on one of those Syracuse hills. He applied the power, and the little machine walked up it as if it had a good deal of reserve power left. He ran it into his auto shed, shut it, and we went into the house. There was no horse to put out, no climbing up a loft to shove down hay; no oats to feed, no water to carry, no stable to clean. It was down to zero, but the cooling- coils of the machine had been supplied with salt water to prevent bursting the pipes. Before he went into the auto-house I asked him to let me take a photo of him just as we came in; and there he is, you see, knee-deep in the snow. But our friend Salisbury, besides being an expert bee keeper, is a genius in several respects. He is a rapid calculator; and one of his diversions is to take a complicat- ed set of figures, either in multiplication or addition, and give the result in a twin- kling. He loves machinery, and that is why the automobile was to him what water is to a duck. You will see he has a wind- now SALISBURY NAVIGATES THE SNOW WITH HIS AUTOMOBILE. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 231 mill on top of his warehouse, in one of the photos here shown. " What is that for? " I asked. " That is to run my elevator."' "Run an elevator!" I exclaimed; "what do you do when the wind does not blow? " " I have got that fixed, or will have very soon. " He went inside and showed me a sort of grain-elevator which he had rigged up to carry sand from the basement clear into the fourth story of the warehouse. The sand is dropped in a large bin, and he has a connection by means of a rope so that 100 lbs. or so of sand can be dropped into a counter-weight box at any point where the elevator ma3' be located. The elevator is so balanced that, when this box is emptj', it will go down by its own weight. When he desires to carry a load he pulls the lit- tle rope, and that lets a quantity of sand run into the counter-weight box until the elevator load is counterbalanced. The brake is released, when the load, man and all, is carried automatically to the desired point, when the brakes are applied and the load taken off. When he is ready to go down, the same rope empties the sand out of the counter-weight box, and, of course, the elevator drops of its own grav- ity. Whenever the wind blows it stores enough sand in half an hour to run the ele- vator for a day's use. "Why don't you use water?" "It freezes in my warehouse," said he. "I had to have something that would not freeze — don't you see?" Mr. Salisbury did have at one time the elevator rigged direct to the windmill; but he contrived to do most of the lifting when the wind blew; but when business was pressing it was very annoying to be with- out power. Now he stores his power when- ever the wind blows, in a large bin in the fourth story, and lets it out by pulling a rope just as he wants it. When I was there the rig was not in operation; but I have since heard from him, saying it was coming out all right. " But, Salisbury, this must have cost you a whole lot of thinking; and wouldn't it have been cheaper for you to have an elec- tric motor so that you could ' turn on the juice ' whenever you desired to operate the elevator? '• " Yes, but that would afTect my insur- ance; besides, the cost of the current would be something. Sand will not freeze, the mill works for nothing and boards itself, and will not set any thing afire." Another of Mr. Salisljury's hobbies is electricity and steam heating. He is plan- ning to make a storage battery to run the lights at the house. The windmill will run a generator that will store a current in the aforesaid battery. Mr. Salisbury told me the size of his building, and how many carloads he could store away and have ready so that he could pick out any package, but I have forgotten the figures. The rooms are divided into alleyways, and goods of a kind are kept by themselves. Instead of having goods piled on top of themselves, and mixed up. requir- ing handling four or five times before they are actually given to the drayman, they are handled but once after being placed on the floor. SALISBURY'S WAREHOUSE WHERE HE KEEPS HIS LARGE STOCK OF BEE-SUPPLIES. (View from the house.) 232 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 Let us take a peep at his office. There he is, sitting down at his desk busy at work. The room is heated with a steam coil, the pipe running from his dwelling, some hun- dred feet or more, under ground. He has all the modern office conveniences, and sometimes has a pretty stenographer to help him out (he did not have one when I was there); and that reminds me that our friend is a bachelor. He is a good fellow, is honest, well fixed financially, and a real genius. Mr. Salisbury objected to having his picture taken; but kodak fiends are re- lentless, you know; but finally, after all sorts of persuasion and threats had been hurled at him, he sat still while my kodak clicked from a near-by desk. We then went out of doors and took some pictures of his warehouse. "But, say, Mr. Salisbury, where is that immense house-apiary that you had the last time I was here? " " Torn it down." "What for?" "Bees died too much in winter in it. Say," he said, looking at me, "I wish you would take that picture of that house- apiary of mine out of the next edition of your ABC book. I am afraid some other man will be fool enough to make one like it, and then blame me." I said that friend Salisbury is a bache- lor. I purposely emphasized the fact; but he is to be pardoned, for he has one of the most delightful mothers that anj' man ever had. Then he has a married sister across the way, just as good, so that he does not lack the training that naturally comes from one of the gentler sex. My friend may not thank me for saying so much about his family history; but I can assure him I do not mean him any harm. I am only think- ing that so)ne time I can wish him more joy and happiness. If our bee keeping sisters on/y knew what a whole-souled fellow he is — well, I will not complete the sentence. I may get into trouble as it is. SCIENTIFIC NAMES. Rules Governing their Use and Application ; Apis Mellifera Linn, the Correct Term. BY PROF. FRANK BENTON. In Glkanings, Vol. XXXII., No. 1, for Jan. 1, 1904, the question is raised, on page 11, whether Apis mellifica or Apis nielli/era is the proper term to use as the scientific name of the honey-bee. The editorial com- ment is as follows: Apis mellifica is the term used by Cowan and Chesh- ire in referring to the honey-bee, and by Prof. Corn- stock, of Cornell, in a recent work on entomology. The same term is also recognized by the grtat C< ntu- ry Dictionary, the Jnternational. and the Standard. The onlv authority that I have run across so far that uses Apis mellifeia in a late work is Prof. Cook I can not now fiuci Benton's work ; but my impression is he uses Apis mel ifica. Either is right, but the first is more common. As my own book (Bulletin No. 1, n. s., Division of Entcmology, "The Honey Bee,") was the first work on apiculture, so far as I am aware, to use the term Apis mellifera, I may be allowed to explain the matter. Regular rules adopted by the interna- tional zoological and botanical societies govern the giving of scientific names to an- SALISBURY'S warehouse. view from THE STREET. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 233 imals and plants, and the retention of such names. These rules relating to the names of animals (including, of course, insects) are known as the "Canons of Zoological Nomenclature;" and all recognized author- ities in zoology conform in the main to these rules, although in some of the minor points there are diflftrences of interpretation of the rules themselves or of their application. Those of the rules which pertain especially to the case in hand read as follows: XII. The law of priority begins to be operative at the beginning of zoological nomenclature. XIII. Zoological nomenclature begins at 1758, the date of the tenth edition of Systema Natures ot L,in- nzEus. XIV. The adoption of a "statute of limitation" in modification of the lex prioritatis is impracticable and inadmi.ssible. XV. The law of priority is to be rigidly enforced in respect to all generic, specific, and subspecific names. Whenever a worker in the fieid of zoolog- ical science discovers a form of animal life which differs in some essential particular from all other known forms, and which, therefore, can not be recognized by compar- ison with any published description as a certain genus or species, he is entitled to give the new group a fainily name, a gener- ic name, or a specific name, as the case may warrant. His own surname is always attached, then, to the name ol the group in question as the original describer of the group and the authority for the name. The first specimen thus described is known as the type specimen. Actual publication (put- ting in print) of the name with such a technical description of the object as will enable others to recognize and determine exactly the familj-, genus, and species of a similar specimen, is the only proof which is accepted of the right of the name to remain. It is expected that a student of a given group of plants or animals will familiarize himself with all of the species that have been described in that group, or at least with all that are likely to come within his range. But some specialists, less industri- ous than others, do not take the time and trouble to look up all of the described spe- cies of a group. They simply name and describe whatever seems new to them. Thus the science is encumbered with synon3ms which, sooner or later, must give place to the earlier-published naines when soine careful investigator points out these. (See Rule XV. above. ) Now, it happened that the great Swedish naturalist, Linnseus, described the honey- bee in 1761 under the name Apis niellifica, and published this description. All down through the years writers have used this term, although some at different periods endeavored to introduce a change. The name mellifica prevailed, however, in the main, although the modern rules for scien- tific nomenclature were not formulated (or at least not adopted) till the congress of bot- anists, held in Paris in 1867; and their more definite form now governing in this country was not adopted until 1886. But in 18% an indefatigable worker in the field of insect life, Prof. K. W. von Dalla Tcrre, of Aus- tria, published a catalog of the known Api- dcr, or bee family, this being Vol. X. of his great work, " Catalogus Hymenoptorum." Dr. von Dalla Torre had unearthed in an old volume an earlier description of the honey-bee than that published under the n me Apis mellifica by Linnjeus in 1761. Oddly enough, the older name and descrip- tion were by Linnseus himself in the tenth edition of his Systema Natures, 1758. Here the name Apis mellifera was given. Considering the vast field covered by Linnaeus, and the great number of scientif- ic names which he bestowed upon plants and animals in his work of bringing order out of the existing chaos of scientific no- menclature, it would not have been surpris- ing had he, three years later, overlooked the fact that he had already named and described the honey-bee. I do not know, however, that any testimony bearing on this point exists. What seems more likely is that Linn^us merely desired to change the name because he had come to the con- clusion that mellifica (honey maker) would be more appropriate than mellifera (honey- bearer). No law of zoologists interfered then with such a change. It was merely a question as to whether scientific writers would adopt it or not. But undtr the present rules of zoological nomenclature which are quoted above, it is plain that the name published in 1761 had to give way for the earlier published name, mellifera. It is equally plain (Rules XII. and XIII.) that no older synonym, even though a hundred might be found, could now or hereafter replace the name mellifera. As a matter of fact, a dozen or more writ- ers (Aldrovandi, Moufet, Swammerdam, Riiaumur, etc.) had used the name mel- lifera for the honey-bee before 1758; but Rule Xlll. bars the name of each and every one of them from standing now as the authority for the specific name mellifera. It is further seen that the change from mellifica to mellifera was not one adopted arbitrarily nor at the whim of any person, but that the present name is one which takes its place as the result of the application of rules now universally recognized — rules which were adopted only after m jst careful consideration and criticism by the foremast biologists of the world. As such it must and will be generally accepted whenever known. For my own part I prefer the specific name mellifica, believing, as I do, that bees do really make honey; for surely the prod- uct when they have finished their work is ver}^ different from the raw nectar c irried into the hives. The carrying or bearing is but incidental to the process of making the honey and securing it for their stores. How- ever, this is not a matter which is decidt d by fashion, individual taste, nor precedent as to present usage. The settled rule makes it clear for all, and but one of the two terms can be correct. Cowan and Cheshire, cited by the editor of Gleanings, wrote their works on apiculture before Dalla Tor- 234 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 re pointed out the earlier name and de- scription. Prof. Com stock and the authors of the terms in the dictionaries had not hap- pened to notice the change, or else they had not looked into the reasons for it. A com- parison of the facts just mentioned, with the laws of nomenclature quoted above, shows that we have no other way than to accept as valid the name Apis mellifera. And actually we find that specialists in hymenoptera, both in this country and in Europe, who have occasion to mention the honey-bee by its scientific name, use the term mellifera and not niellifica. After a careful examination of this sub- ject I adopted the scientific name mellifera in the third edition of my " Manual," which appeared in the early part of 1899, and a brief statement of the reason was given by me in the American Bee fournal for July 20, 1899, page 456, and also in the Ameri- can Bee keeper for July, 1899, page 128. A year or so later Prof. A. J. Cook, when re- vising his "Bee-keepers' Guide," for an edition which appeared in 1900 or 1901, wrote to this Department to learn our rea- sons for the change in the scientific name of the honey- bee. The matter was referred to me, and I gave a full explanation with the references to the publications. This information he made, later, the basis of an extended article on the subject, which was published in the American Bee Journal iox June 13, 1901, page 372. Prof. Cook also adopted the name mellifera in the next edi- tion of his book. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, Jan. 22, 1904. SECTIONAL BROOD-CHAMBERS OR SHALLOW HIVES. Methods of Management. BY ARTHUR C. MILLER. On page 23 Mr. F. Greiner writes on the sectional-brood- chamber hive. The editor follows with a footnote on shallow hives. This is confusing. A sectional-brood-chamber hive may have two or more sections, and may have frames of anj' depth. It is the habitual use of two or more chambers that is concerned, not the depths thereof. In practice it has been found best to use sections about 5'2 inches deep. In "shallow " hives, so called, 7>2 inches seems to be the limit, and with such but one chamber is, as a rule, used for the brood-nest. Because two of these may be used does not necessarily make it a " sec- tional-brood chamber " hive as that term is understood by the advocates of them. Mr. Greiner is usually so very thorough and careful that I felt sure he must have discovered some vital defect in sectional hives; but on careful perusal of his article I was surprised to find that the fault seems to lie with him. Certain general methods of management are in use with all single-chambered mov- able-comb hives of whatever depth. To reap the advantages of such hives over the ancient boxes, we found it necessary to de- vise and use some such methods. Mr. Hed- don leading, and others following, believed that these methods involved too much labor and took too much time. To lessen these difficulties Mr. Heddon devised his section- al hive and evolved a system for it. With the sectional hive it is a system of manipulation of " chambers " or " sec- tions." With other hives it is a system of manipulation of combs — two radically dif- ferent things. With sectional hives, combs are not to be removed except in rare instances (as in looking for disease or for study). With other hives the comb is the unit of manipu- lation. Mr. Greiner, in common with many others, has mixed the two systems, trying to manipulate combs in sectional hives. The result is, of course, disastrous to his hopes and enthusiasm. Sectional hives were devised to minimize manipulation; to save time; to reach ends quicker or more perfectly than was possible with other hives. But there are sectional hives and sectional hives. Some are good, some are bad. Some fulfill most require- ments, others are almost useless. The im- portant factors are: 1. All chambers must be perfectly inter- changeable. 2. All frames must be securely held in those chambers. 3. Top and bottom bars of frames must be of such width and thickness as to offer as little obstruction as possible. 4. A desirable though not essential fea- ture is having supers of same size as a brood-section. The three first of these were embodied in Mr. Heddon's hive. Unfortunately the close- fitting frames in his cases are not adapted to many parts of our country where exces- sive dampness so swells the frames as to force the sides asunder. More room be- tween the frames and the case, and some form of yielding clamp (instead of the set- screws) are necessary. There are many ways these ends may be reached; but which are the best, only time will determine. Granted a suitably constructed sectional hive, it may be asked wherein we are to se- cure any material advance over the use of single-chamber hives. First and chief of all, we must acquire the ability to diagnose the conditions of colonies from views of top, bottom, and middle. This is not difficult, but takes a little time to learn. It is also important to learn to " size up " a queen by the external appearances of the colonj'. Another valuable matter is to learn to get the queen without removing the combs. There are several ways in which this may be accomplished. Often she may be driven on top of the combs of one section or the other by the judicious use of a little smoke. By separating the hive sections the bees will quickly tell us which one is without the queen, then the bees may be shaken out and the queen readily found; and it is by no 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 235 means necessary to shake out all of the bees, as, often, the first jolt will bring- the queen. But it is by no means essential to find the queen as often as some apiarists do. " Shaking out" bees sounds hard, and is hard; but " jouncing- out " is easy and simple. RamlDler's " jouncer " is excellent, but not a necessity. By holding- a case a foot from the ground, and dropping- one end ag-ainst the turf, and instantlj' lifting- that end and dropping- the other, a greater part of the bees will be dislodged. Of course, this would not do with a case of new combs heavy with honey; but these seldom require jouncing-. I have, however, used the bump- ing process safely with cases of honey in sections. Vitally associated with all hives is a fac- tor seldom if ever mentioned, and it is doubly important in using sectional hives. It is the strain or race of bees. Queens of some will pay small heed to frame bars or spaces, while others are stopped by the slightest irregularities. It may be taken as an axiom that a hive is relativelj' large or small, not so much by its cubical dimen- sions as by the character of the colony con- tained therein. An apiarist in selecting^ a hive needs also to consider the nature of the nectar resources of his locality; i. e., one flow or several, quick or slow. The size of hive which suits Mr. Morrison does not suit Mr. Greiner. Management suited to Mr. M. 's locality has to be modified to fit Mr. G.'s. As to drones, I can not see that the rear- ing- of a few is of any material harm to the colony. To be sure, it costs something- in bee energ-y and food; but who can say how much more is lost by trying- to prevent en- tirely all such production? With sectional hives we can reduce the drone comb to a few square inches in one frame of each chamber, where it will remain almost in- definitely. With the movable- comb systems, we some days find several such combs as- sembled in one hive. Queen-excluding honey-boards are by no means necessary, though often very con- venient. It is a debatable question whether or not more honey can be secured (under any and all conditions) with a sectional hive than with the single-chamber type; but I believe it is beyond dispute that, in sectional hives at least, equal results can be accomplished with much less labor, and that the bees are more completely under the control of the apiarist. Remember " sectional hives," "sectional system," "single chamber hives," "sing-le- chamber s} stem." Don't mix the systems any more than you would the hives. Providence, R. I., Jan. 12. [When Mr. Heddon first introduced his sectional-brood-chamber hive in 1885 he (or possibly Mr. Hutchinson) drew a sharp distinction between shallow hives and sec- tional brood-chambers; but as there were so many depths, and the methods of man- agement for either were more or less di- verse, it became almost impossible to carry out the distinction; and, to avoid confusion, the two terms were allowed to pass for one and the same thing-. While, technically, there is a distinction, the public has not recognized it. — Ed.] SOME COMMENTS ON LATE ITEMS. Home-made Hives; Frames Supported on Nails; Modern Queen-rearing; Drone Comb in Sbaken Swarms. BY E. F. ATWATER. Gleanings for Dec. 15 is at hand; and in reading- it I see several points about which I feel tempted to say a word. In reg-ard to Dr. Miller's Straw, p. 1040, in localities where lumber is very high in price, and bee-supply factories near, I sup- pose it is true that it would be a losing- ven- ture to make one's own hives. However, in localities where a g-ood quality of lumber may be bought for $20 per 1000, it may pay to manufacture them at home. One of our local planing^-mills has excellent machinery for the purpose — fine- tooth saws and iron- top tables. They have a larg-e amount of short pieces of various lengths and widths, left from other work, and from these my hives are cut at a very substantial saving. Doolittle's "conversation," p. 1042, will surely give the novice, in the g-reat majority of locations, expectations which c^n never be realized. While Mr. D. has secured an average net income of $1045 per annum from an average of 75colonies, springcount, for the past 28 years, yet I am safe in saying that, in very many localities, one would need at least five times that number of colonies to secure such an average income. "Frames supported on nails," page 1044. Mr. Geo. E. Dudley, of this State, uses such frames, and credits the idea to the late B. Taylor. They are closed-end frames, 17)^ X9}s, with a bee-space around the ends the same as the regular L. I have on hand 2000 shallow unspaced frames, hanging on nails, for use next season. "Honey- plants of Arizona," p. 1046, "a can of honey (60 lbs.) to the ton of hay." If that could be realized in this locality I might expect as large profits as Mr. Doo- little. "Modern Queen- rearing, " p. 1049. When I rear queen cells in a divided brood-cham- ber the bees often start to supersede their queen, seeming to think that she is respon- sible for the restricted egg-laying, which results from confining her to two or three frames. Instead of changing the queen from one compartment to another I keep her on one side, and supply frames of hatching brood from other colonies, to the side where the cells are being built. By this plan there are never very many unsealed larvse in the hive at any time, and always an immense force of nurses, eager to build queen-cells and feed larva;. By keeping a best breeder 236 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 on one side, on two or three frames, the larvae will be superabundantly fed with the larval food, and very easily transferred. "Drone comb in shaken swarms," page 1055. Mr. Gill's method of making forced swarms is very good indeed (I say this be- cause I use the same method with good re- sults). But, really, Mr. Morrison's "little half- story," with full sheets of foundation, may be used with splendid results where one wants nearly all the honey in the su- pers, as I know from an extensive trial. Put such a big swarm in a shallow case, with abundant super room, and they will very often swarm out. Hive them in two cases, with abundant super-room, and they will stay. They will almost invariably build comb and rear brood (while storing in the supers) in the upper case only, for the first week, so at the next trip to the yard the lower case is removed. Of course, they will then occupy and fill more supers than they would if they had been hived in a full-depth eight-frame hive. At one yard there was a shortage of shal- low cases having but one for each swarm. There was a lot of rims of light stuff, four inches deep, used to hold chaff cushions; so when hiving the forced swarms I put one of these empty rims under each shallow case. At the next trip every swarm was found doing good work, and the light rims removed. Boise, Ida. PUTTING SWARMS BACK ON COMBS INSTEAD OF FOUNDATION. I have been studying on the different plans given in these columns for putting back swarms. I want to try the plan next summer of letting the bees swarm out, and then taking away four of the middle frames of brood. Instead of putting back four frames of foundation, would it do just as well to use frames of comb? I have lots of them. Another question is this: If a queen gets into the habit of having a small brood- nest the first summer, is she supposed to be of any use after that? Some hives seem to have queens whose bees are allowed to fill the brood-nest too full of honey. Farris, Wash. Anita A. Byers. [This was referred to Dr. Miller, who re- plies:] Combs will answer as well as foundation in carrying out your treatment of swarms. Restricting a queen as to laying in her first summer is not likely to make any ap- preciable difference in her second summer's work. Having answered the questions asked, let me answer one you haven't asked, by say- ing how your proposed treatment of swarms is likely to succeed. Swarming will be de- layed, and in some cases prevented entirely, by taking away four frames of brood or less before preparations for swarming have pro- ceeded too far; and the nearer to completion those preparations, the more difficult to per- suade the bees to give up all thought of swarming. When preparations are com- pleted, and they have actually proceeded to the act of swarming, no light thing will dissuade them; and after the removal of four frames of brood you may pretty safely count on their swarming out again. C. C. Miller. QUEENS THAT DO BETTER WORK THE SEC- OND season. The queen I got from you two years ago last June did very poorly the first summer, but the second summer she did a good deal better. Geo. F. Leslie. Edgecliff, Pa. [Friend L., this sometimes happens, but I think not often enough, as a rule, to pay trying a queen that makes a poor record the first season. Of course, we want to be sure she has a good chance — plenty of bees to start with, and everything favorable. I have sometimes kept queens for special reasons through a second season, even though they would not seem to be able to produce the usual amount of brood the first year; and I remember a few cases where they s^eemed to be better the second 3'e;ir * We keep im- ported queens usually as long as they live, even though they sometimes get so old as to lay only a few eggs — that is, where the queen has been a valuable one, and we want her eggs for rearing stock. It has been suggested that very prolific queens sometimes exhaust themselves the first sea- son, but I have not been able to find any such. The queen that produces a tremen- dous lot of bees the first summer will be very likely to do the same thing, or nearly the same thing, the summer after. — A. I. R.] FLAT covers OF CALIFORNIA REDWOOD. Referring to covers for hives, page 1044, you say, " The fact is, clear wide boards in sufficient quantities to care for the trade for such covers can not be bought at any price." I suppose you mean pine lumber that wide can not be procured; but I am using flat covers made of California red- wood, and I buy it at retail for 6 cents a foot, which is the same price I would have to pay for clear pine 12 inches or over in width. I can buy redwood from 10 to 24 feet long, and 4 to 24 inches wide, all clear, and dressed both sides, at the price mentioned. Our lumber-dealer tells me it will not * Not very long ago friend Doolittle mentioned in the A nierican Bee Journal a queen that was condemned the first St asan : but the next year she proved to be the best queen the man ever owned. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 237 shrink, swell, warp, check, nor rot after it is thoroughly seasoned. I use the ten frame Dovetailed hive, and have to buy boards 18 inches wide, as the redwood is all cut to vary two inches in width. I used some for cov- ers during the past summer, and they are on the hives at present on the winter stands, and they are as good as when new. I nail a piece of 34. inch hoop iron across the end with 2-penny fine wire nails nailed about two inches apart on opposite edges (but I think a channel iron as used on your new Danzenbaker nailless cover would be bet- ter), and give them three coats of good paint. L. M. Gilbert. Naperville, 111. [Yes, I was referring to pine, and in this section the redwood would be even more ex- pensive. But a cover of lumber costing 6 cts. per foot is rather expensive. If we had to furnish covers for our trade costing this figure the price on hives would have to be advanced higher still. Redwood is a fine timber, and will warp and tw ist as little as avy lumber known. I have seen many such covers in use in Cal- ifornia and Arizona; but let me advise you to cleat your covers at each end. The strap iron, such as you describe, would hardly be rigid enough. — Ed.] CAGING QUKENS TO PREVENT SWARMING. I intend to cage some of my queens this summer, to prevent swarming. Let me know what sort of cage is needed, if any candy is needed, and how long she must be caged. Do any of the big- honey producers cage their queens? What do you think of it? Subscriber. Manhasset, L. I., Dec. 27. [Any kind of cage that will permit of a small supply of soft sugar candy will be suitable for caging the queen. While the candy is not absolutely necessary, perhaps, it is advisable to have it where the queen can get to it but not the bees. I do not know of any large honey-pro- ducers who are practicing the method un- less it is P. H. Elwood, of Starkville. N. Y. We tried it, but thought it discouraged the working energy of the bees. — Ed.] PRICE FOR HELP IN THE APIARY. If a man has several colonies of bees on his farm, and desires an experienced apiarist to take charge of and manage them for the season, what condition or terms would be considered right to both the par- ties? W. H Kerr. Crawfordsville, Ind.,Dec. 1, 1903. [The price for bee-help will depend a great deal on the price of labor in your vi- cinity. You may have to pay all the way from $1.50 to $2.50 a day; but if you have only a few colonies it would not pay to have hired help. But perhaps you refer to keep- ing bees on shares. If so, the rule is for one party to furnish the bees and all the supplies except the sections, and receive all of the increase and half the honey and wax; and the other party is to have his half of the honey and wax, but not the increase.-— Ed.] HONEY-EXTRACTOR DRIVEN BY FOOT POW- ER; A GOOD IDEA. I take pleasure in showing a kink which saved me one hand or one whole helper, for that matter. The sketch shows the ar- rangement. The comb-box is at the right hand, and the uncapping-can at the left, and a little in front. I uncap two combs and place them in the extractor; start the crank with the hand, then work the treadle. While doing this I take another comb, un- cap, and place it in the comb- box. I now turn the frames in the machine, start it agoing again, and take another frame; un- cap, and exchange the combs, and proceed as before. When one foot gets tired I push the treadle to the dotted lines, and use the other. ■ There is no change of position ex- cept to turn the arms and shoulders from right to left, and reach ahead to the ex- tractor— no stooping. A two-frame extrac- tor of the Novice type runs very easily. The treadle is 1X2'2 in. by 3 long, with a piece of broom wire to the crank. Whenever you wish to turn by hand you can do so any minute. To make a brush, cut a Y^ rope 9 in. long; unravel, and lay out flat. Nail two sticks, one on each side, and bring the other ends close together for a handle. It is ahead of any thing for me. I learned how to make brush from a man by the name of Crow. If nails are driven about 1 '4 in. apart, so the points will about come together, you will have the stiffness as well as the friction to hold the rope strands. I have made about 100 hives by nailing — no halving, mitering, nor dovetailing. I have used these three or four years, and not one has given way. Of course, most people will buy their hives, and they can be dovetailed cheaply with machinery. Pittsville, Wis. A. B. White. [Your foot power and general system of extracting are very good; and on the small light-running non-reversing extractors it will do very well. The method of making the brush is some- thing that has been in use for a good many years. It is good, however. — Ed.] 238 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 A COLD- BLAST GERMAN SMOKER. Smokers seem to form an important fea- ture in America. The smoker I like best of all is the one invented by bee-master Dathe, in Germany. It is something' like a pipe, and must be helii with the teeth. The top part can be opened, and the pipe may be filkd with dry stuff. I always use very cheap tobacco. By blowing- in the mouth- piece, and holdinsr a match under the pipe, the stuff begins to burn. The advantage of this pipe is that both the hands are kept free for working-, and a puff of smoke can be g-iv- en just when and where it is needed, without stopping- the work. The pipe is made of brass or tin. C. Kneppelhout. Driebergen, Holland, Dec. 30, 1903. [This smoker embodies the well-known principle of the atomizers found at the drug- stores, and is, therefore, in effect a cold- blast smoker in that it creates a vacuum near the nozzle, causing the smoke to be sucked from the burning fuel, and to be blown out through the nozzle. These mouth smokers have never been very popular in this country. — Ed.] good wintering in a cellar with a furnace; how it was done. I am much interested in wintering bees in a cellar with a furnace. I had a furnace in my cellar for several years until last season. Did I have the courage to try to winter bees in such a place? The main part of my cellar where the furnace is, is 20X20; then there is an L 9X14. This I partitioned off by setting 2X4's up on end and siding up on both sides. This left a space of 4 inches which I packed with saw- dust. This is a nn-conductor of heat. I have a door through this partition, connect- ing the two cellars. I have a north win- dow and outside door in this "cold storage," as I call it. In this room I have all my vegetables for winter use. Last winter I placed 22 colonies of bees in this storage place — the lightest I could pick out. I kept this place as near 45 degrees as possible by opening the window. If it got too cold I opened the door, letting in some heat. Now, how did the bees come out? Just perfectly clean, and as sweet as when put in. When I set them out they spotted but little. I don't think they consumed over 3 lbs. each while in the cellar. Now, I have over 30 in test this winter; and, say — what a fine place to keep vegetables! This could be kept nearly at the freezing-point. If any one having a furnace in his cellar will partition it off with a sawdust pack- ing, he will find it all right. I could not see that fresh air from the windows did any hurt so long as it was dark. I darken the window from the outside. Jackson, Mich. W. D. Soper. [Your arrangement is ideal, providing you can keep the temperature from going too high. The furnace offers one advan- tage in that it enables one to raise the tem- perature when it is too low. — Ed.] MAPLE sugar as A BEE-FEED. Can you tell me whether it was ever tried to feed bees with maple sugar, and wheth- er this same sugar is good for a stimulant? Gilpin, Md. H. S. Krumline. [Syrup made of maple sugar or maple molasses has been given the bees a good many times. Unless the sugar is of very poor quality it would be cheaper to use reg- ular granulated sugar, from which a more wholesome syrup could be secured. We have used maple sugar cakes of poor quali- ty, putting the same on top of the frames, to stimulate the bees in the spring, but we do not advise it as a midwinter food, as it would be liable to bring on dysentery be- fore spring. — Ed.] shall bees be allowed to have winter Flights whf,n snow is on the GROUND? I should like to know if it would be nec- essary to block up the entrance of a hive when the ground is covered with snow on a warm day, when the bees fly out on the snow and die. My entrance is about 4X/^ inch. This morning I put a piece of wood half way across the entrance, and this noon they have been flying out and falling on the snow. I have now got the entrance up with wire netting. C. Wuetig. Blue Island, 111. [It is a little difficult to answer your question as you put it. As a general thing we may say that a midwinter flight for bees is beneficial — especially so if their ab- domens have become distended with fecal matter. There are times when I have been satisfied that it would have been better to have the entrances entirely closed, for some- times the sunlight will induce bees to fly out in an atmosphere just a little too chilly for them to get back. The consequence is, thousands and thousands of them rush out into the sunshine, and, becoming chilled, they alight on the hives, and even in the snow, where they perish. If the entrance is shut at all it had better be closed with snow rather than with wire cloth. I think 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 239 we may conclude this: After the bees have had their first flight it would be better to keep them in, especially if the air is chilly; but if it is quite warm, a flight will do no harm, but, rather, good. — Ed.] I started in the spring with 12 colonies; bought 25 more in box stands; transferred them and increased to 60, and took over 6000 lbs. of honey. This is my third year with modern hives. J. C. Peterson. Devine, Tex., Feb. 4. A GOOD IOWA REPORT FROM AN OLD FRIEND. From 108 I increased to 210, and took 13. 70S lbs. sur- plus, or about 127 lbs. per colony, spring count, which we consider good for Central Iowa. Colo, la., Feb 15. D. E. Lhommedieu. ONLY ONE FAILURE IN 24 YEARS. I have 100 colonies in the cellar, mostly in Qiiinby hives. I started with such, and have done well. I never missed a paying crop but one in 24 years, I don't run after fads, nor change for every thing new that I see, even if I see it in Gleanings. Springfield, Ont., Jan 24. John Yoder. FROM 35 colonies 3000 lbs. My report is 3000 lbs. from 35 colonies. One swarm, hived late in June, made 147 lbs. comb honey, and had plenty of stores for winter. My hives that had not swarmed for six years cast swarms Some went back and went to work with a rush. Bees are wintering well. Wm, G. Snodgrass. Montrose, Mo., Feb. 12. from 24 colonies (4 queenless) to 37, and 1645 lbs. of honey. I had 20 colonies with laying queen, and four with- out, this spring, I increased to 37, and had 1045 lbs. of comb, 600 lbs. extracted, I think that was good for this cold season. It was gathered in June and ten days in July. No fall honey here Benzonia, Mich., Feb. 8. James E. Harwood. REPORT for 1903, •''From 25 colonies (most of them not much better than nuclei), spring count. I have sold and given away to date, as follows: 2142 lbs bulk comb, 1764 lbs, ex- tracted: 93 4x5 sections of honey; 3754 lbs, of beeswax; 24 nuclei (with queens), and five queens. I now have left 32 co'onies (nearly all of them in good order), and a little honey still unsold. M. A. Salazar. CCotuUa, Ttx,, Feb. 2. from 60 TO 125, AND 8514 lbs, of comb honey. May 1 I had 60 colonies, but three of them were queenless and some of the others were weak. Then I increased ihem during the season to 125, and received 8850 sections of finished section comb honey, or 8544 lbs. The hives are all eight-frame Dovetailed, with all the frames wired, and full sheets of foundation in every one. The supers all take the plain i}{ section, I keep all queens clipped, and replace when two years old, unle-s extra good, I am very well pleased with your make of hives I send you a iihotograph of my honey. John R. Millard. Knoxville, la.. Jan. 18. [The photo mentioned shows'a lot of beautiful honey that might make any bee-keeper's heart glad, stacked up in neat cases and nice square piles clear to the ceiling of a very nice and tidy honey-room If the picture had not been too dark I should have been glad to give it to our readers. — A. I R ] from 6 TO 20, and one ton of honey. I started in last spring with s'x colonies of Carnio- lans; took one ton of extracted alfalfa honey, with an increase to 23 colonies. Bees are now all in first-class condition, in Simplicity 8-frarae hives, with only oil- cloth under the covers. Lowest, 10 degrees below; average about zero for January at daylight, but bees had a fly almost daily. Plenty of fine land yet open for homesteading here. Italian bees will probably do nearly as well if they do not swarm too much. S. W. Morrison. Ignacio, Col., Feb. 6, a school ma'am's report. My mother, who is now 80 years of age, thoroughly enjoysreading your Home Talk-:, and Notes of Travel, as well as thearticleson bees and honey. About 17 years ago a runaway swarm of bees cluster- ed on a tree in our yard. We secured the bees in a barrel, but knew nothing about caring for them until we saw a copy of Gleanings. We subscribed and sent for a few eight-frame hives, which are so easily handled that mother's love for bees was increased many fold. We now have nine hives, which are all an old lady of SO and a school-teacher's daughter can suc- cessfully care for. We love our bees, and I must .say that they behave remarkably well We are not afraid cf them.' and they do not .seem to fear us Our crop of honey could not be excelled in quality and finds ready sale at 15 cents in the summer and 20 in the winter. Your articles about "the cabin in the woods " have been so interesting that we have often wished we might ■' step over " and see the cabin, the peach-trees, and that potaio-patch. No publication has ever given my dear mother more real pleasure than Gleanings. Mary Martin. Petersburg, 111., Jan. 21. 8101.10 from a single colony of bees in one season. I have a wonderful storj' to tell about keeping bees, and it is a true story, as I can demonstrate by entering into the particulars. I th-^ught at first I would pub- lish it in some of the bee papers ; but upon more ma- ture thought I concluded to wait until I d'd the thing again; but it was never done again, even though I tried it over and over. I madeout of one Italian hive of bees which cost me nothing (the fellow gave them to niel, the enormous sum of $101.10. This may seem to you old bee-men fishy: but I made my own hives; all the outlay T had was for sections, foundation, and a little lumber. Some of it was there for the using. With just a suggestion or two you may see a little light on the subject First, it was the '^est honey sea- son f have ever seen— none like it before or since; honey plants galore, and honey-dew on plant and leaf everywhere. Secondly, I .sold every pound of my honey at ! 0 cents, and kept none. In the fall I sold the bees for J.^ 00 per hive. Thirdly, they multiplied to nine colonies. The old one sent off three, the first swarm sent out two, the second two, and the third one, making nine in all, which brought $4i.00 of it, and the rest was in honey sold. Now, I have the fig- ures for it, and ' don't you forget it." I never had this printed but I did have men who make bee-keeping a business come to see me to know how it was done Well, it wasn't done at all— it just happened, though I thoneht for .several years after- ward it was done, and I did it; but my lat^r an'^ longer experience taught me it just happened through and by a set of contingent, unusual circumstances and likely never to occur again; at least this is my thought about it now, S. R. Ferguson. Sumner, la,, Jan. 18, 1904. [Friend Ferguson seems to be a little afraid it was unwise to tell this storv, as few people will believe it. If he had taken and read the journals for the past for- ty years, I think he would have found several similar reports -perha OS some larger. There is a valuable point in the story, that has come uo many t mes. Wonderful things may be accomplished by natural swarming during a favorable season. I had one simi- lar expeiience that was given in the American Bee Journal before Gleanings was published. One of the requisites is to have a queen full of vim. and one that will transmit this very vim to her daughters; then let them get the swarming-fever; and. if the honey holds out. this one colony will make a good-sized apiary in one season, and may give you quite a lot of honey besides. When I read father Quinby's first book on bee-keeping in box hives and natural swarm- ing. I felt a strong inclination for a time to run an apiary on just that plan. In the above narration there was a good colony of Italian bees to start with — very likely the young queetis proved to be, many of them, or most of them, hvbrids ; but this would not hurt the final outcome. — -\. I. R ] 240 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 OUR HOMES, ^^rga. BY A. I. R O OT. Blessed are ye when men shall revile you and perse- cute you. and say all manner of evil against you false- ly, for my sake. — Matt. 5:11. When I came back from Northern Michi- gan last summer I was asked to take a par- ticular class of boys in our Sunday-school; I was also told that those boys, or perhaps I should call them young men, were not a very easy class to manage; and the super- intendent said he hoped I would be able to keep them in order, and do them some good, as many of the best teachers had about given them up. In accordance with this I prepared myself carefully with the lesson, and did my very best to get the boys inter- ested in seme way, and hold their attention. It kept me pretty busy, but I succeeded rather better than I had reason to expect from what I had heard. They were really a nice lot of young men in many respects, children of well-to-do parents, and pretty well posted on what is going on all over the world; and for several Sundays I really en- joyed teaching the class. When I told them I was sorry I should have to be away again for a month or more, I had one of my pleasant surprises, for two or three express- ed regret, and said they wished I could keep the class all the time. While it is true I was succeeding fairly well with the class, it is also true that there was a good deal of disorder and outside talking. The secretary told me the class had had no quarterlies for a long time, be- cause they just tore them up as fast as they were received. They had a lesson-paper each Sunday, but these were usually torn up to make wads to throw at each other. I presume the average Sunday-school teacher will think, when I confess I allow- ed more or less of this work to go on, it is somewhat a question whether I was really doing the boys any good. When the class was small, or when the ringleaders were absent, I got along very well; but when the whole ten were present it kept me about as busy as any j ib I ever undertook. I almost began to dread God's holy day. Of course, it set me to praying for the class; but, with scarcely an exception, when the lesson closed I felt happy. The Holy Spirit seemed to say, not exactly, perhaps, " IVell done, thou good and fiithful servant," but it did say to me that I had done fairlj' well; and I felt happy because I had made the ef- fort. I felt happy because I had reason to think I was gaining the friendship, little by little, of each one of 'hose boys. During Mrs. Root's sickness, however, I was absent several Sundays; and when I got back I seemed to have lost my grip on the class. I kept thinking each Sunday I would get back; but Satan seemed to have gotten the better of me — he had a better grip. The class kept getting worse and worse. Now, very likely some of these same young men will read what I am saying here in print. In view of this, may God help me to be " wise as serpents, and harm- less as doves." In talking with the super- intendent and the pastor of our church in regard to the matter, they both decided I had been too easy with the young men. Let me give j'ou an illustration. Our church has been recently warmed with steam radiators. There is a very pretty radiator in our class-room. When the class is all on hand, some of the boys are obliged to sit very near this radiator. Our radiators are all equipped with up to- date automatic air-valves that cost quite a sum of money. We were told the radiators would not be complete without them; but that when thus equipped there need be no shutting and opening of valves to let the air out. These valves are automatic, needing no manipulation or handling. Well, these young men had got into a fashion of med- dling with the air-valve. They would twist it one way and then the other, and change the adjustment, etc. First one boy and then the other would be meddling with it. When I mentioned the matter to our pastor he said I ought to insist on prompt obedi- ence in such matters; and that if nothing else would do I should slop the lesson until I had gained obedience, even though it broke up the class. Just once in my life I sent a young man home because he deliber- ately disobeyed orders in the Sunday-school class; but I have been sorry since then that I did it. He felt very much hurt; and when he was transferred to another class he be- haved himself like a gentleman. This would look as if it were the fault of the teacher rather than that of the boy. May God help us, who are trying to teach in our Sunday-schools, to be sure, before we re- sort to severe measures, that the fault is not with the teacher, but with the pupil. Now please, dear friends, do not jump to the con- clusion that I would advise a teacher to re- sign, and conclude that he has no ability, just because he has trouble, or, say, such troubles as I have mentioned. Yesterday, Feb. 14, my class behaved worse than ever. I finally stopped proceed- ings, and told them that I feared the class would have to be broken up. Several said, '• All right, break it up;" but it had the effect of quieting thetn for a while. I said something like this: " Boj's, you are my personal friends — at least I believe you are. It will not only be a disgrace Xo you if the class is broken up, but a disgrace to me, because I shall have to admit that I am not equal to the task of keeping order; that I have not a faculty, even with the long years of experience I have had in Sunday-school work, for main- taining discipline. It will also cast a slur on our whole Sunday-school to have it pub- licly said that there was a class of boys in it that no one could manage. Now, I might send you home one by one because you re- fuse to obey orders; but I do not want to do 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 241 that. Whatever I do, I wish to maintain your respect. I am pra3Mng- that God may help me to hold jour confidence and your good will, whatever may happen. Last of all, most of you are church-nienibers. We g-ot along- pretty well after that. Usu- ally, before closing- a lesson I give the boys a hint of what is g-oing- on in the scientific world. One evening- I g-ave them a g-limpse of my specimen of radium which I have told you about. On this particular Sunday I said, just before the last bell rang, " Do you know, friends, that two Ohio boys, or young men, rather, have outstripped the world in demonstrating that ?i flying-ma- chine can be constructed without the use of a balloon? During the past fevr months these two boys have made a machine that actual- ly flew through the air for more than half a mile, carrying one of the boys with it. This young man is not only a credit to our State, but to the whole country and to the world. ' ' "Where do the boys live? What are their names?" said a chorus of voices. " Their names are Orville and Wilbur Wright, of Dayton, Ohio." "When and where did their machine fly?" " Their experiments were made just be- fore winter set in, on the Atlantic coast, at Kitty Hawk, N. C, at a place where there are several miles of soft sand blown up by the wind. They chose that sandy waste so that, in case of an accident, they would not be apt to be severely hurt by falling. For the same reason they managed it so as to keep the machine within five or ten feet of the ground. As soon as we have warm weather they are going on with their exper- iments. The machine was made something after the fashion of a box kite. A gaso- line engine moved propeller wheels that pulled it against the wind. When they make their next trial I am going to try to be on hand and see the experiment." This little story seemed to have the ef- fect I expected it would. They seemed to have forgotten the unpleasantness about maintaining order, and I was thanking God that I had been enabled to talk as se- verely as I did, and yet not arouse any bad or vindictive feelings in their hearts; but as we pssed out of the door of our room, however, one of the tallest and brightest of the group said something like this: "If they t^ke you up in the inachine I hope they will let you drop; for we haven't any use for any such 'old thing' around here." I glanced quickly at the speaker's face to see if it was a bit of pleasantry; but he simply looked hard and sullen, or at least I thought he did. He had been one of the worst oft'enders that day, and he seemed not to have f. rgotten my severe words after all, even though he had listened intently to what I had to say about the flying-ma- chine. Let me digress a little. Years ago, at an open-air meeting among a class of toughs, I read to them in the Bible about turning the other cheek also, when somebody hits you a blow. One of the hearers interrupted me by saying, "Mr. Root, if somebody gives j'ou a clip on one side of the head, will you turn the other side and let him hit you again ?" I replied that I would try hard to show that kind of spirit. The reply came quick: "All right; may be you would; but I should like mightily to see it tried on.'''' These words have rung in my ears a good many times since then, and it happened perhaps nearly thirty years ago. I have tried to school myself to receive all kinds of clips, and still keep cool and quiet, and not feel mentally troubled or worried. Some- times I have felt as if it were too much to expect any speck of humanity to render, under all circumstances, good for evil. A few times I have succeeded in looking pleas- ant and good-natured, even while stinging from a blow, or when inwardly stirred up to fierce rebellion. On the way home I kept thinking about that unkind fling. It seemed as if there was an almost satanic ingenuity in it. It implied, or at least I thought it did, that I was getting to be too old to undertake to teach a crowd of boys in their teens. Per- haps it was Satan that kept suggesting I had lost interest in boyish sports — that I was getting so well along in years it would be better all around if I should cease even trying to teach any longer. Could it be true I was getting too old to be of any fur- ther use among men or among boys? Why, just a week or two ago, our family physi- cian said, when I started on a little run to catch up with the rest of the crowd, " Why, Mr. Root, you run as spry as a boy of six- teen instead of a man over sixty; " and I have prided myself on being as spry, both physically and mentally, and, I hope, spir- itually, as I ever was. As I pondered on that speech about being too old to be of any further use here in my native town of Me- dina, I wondered how many of that class were of the same opinion. Had the boys been laughing at my attempts to control them? May be the superintendent thought I was too old to undertake to handle such a cl iss. I told Mrs. Root about it, and she felt hurt too. I did not enjoy running my automobile home from Sunday-school ; and during that whole afternoon when I attempt- ed to read, that unkind speech kept haunt- ing me. I told some of our people about it — that is. the grown up children — the pa- rents of our grandchildren — and they were quite indignant. The idea that A. I. Rcx)t, who had helped to build up the town of Medina, was of no further use in it, and that it would be a general gain if he could be "dropped out of a flying-machine" or gotten rid of in some other way! As I thought it over it seemed to me as if the sting was greater than if I had been knocked over with a club; but, dear friends, it did me good. It set me to praying; and my prayers cleared the sky somewhat, es- pecially when on bended knees I remember- 242 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 ed the text at the head of this talk. Then I began to receive a blessing. The Holy Spirit reminded me that I was getting- to be a little bit proud — proud, perhaps, of my past record and of my ability. I needed humbling, and God knows \ felt humbled. Then a blessing came. I resolved to see my boys, and have a talk with Ihem. The first one I met admitted, with rather downcast eyes, that I was right and that they were wrong. He said that, in some way, they had gotten into a rut, and it seemed hard to get out of it; and then he gave me a most happy surprise by saying that the tall young man had no thought of applying that cutting remark to myself. There was a mischievous little chap who generally help- ed along all the merriment going on in the class; and this fellow said, just as they were going out, that he would not be afraid to go up in a flying-machine clear up into the air, instead of keeping only ten feet from the ground. Then the tall one replied, and his answer, to w;^,came as he passed me, and, I thought, as he was looking at me. The answer was, " Well, if they do take you up I hope they will let you drop, for we haven't any use for any such 'old thing' around here." But my pride had received a stinging lesson; and while my young friend is fully exonerated I hope the lesson I received may do me as much good as if his remark had in truth been intended for my poor self. I have had just one other experience late- ly in being humbled. There are some more strange words in that fifth chapter of Mat- thew — I mean the ones right after, where we are admonished to " turn the other cheek also." The Savior said, "If any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also;" and in the 39th verse we read also, " But I say unto j'ou, that ye resist not evil." These admonitions, as I take it, are to brace us up against the temptation to de- mand continually "our rights," or, in oth- er words, to make a big; fuss about a small in- justice. A little difficulty arose about set- tling up an account. The transaction oc- cured during Mrs. Root's recovery from her recent sickness. She was still weak and rather nervous. We were taking great pains to have every thing quiet around the premises. But this particular business transaction could not well be managed else- where just then, and I felt sure, even if she were listening, she could not gather what was going on. Let me digress enough to say that the senses of sick people are some- times extremely acute. I know by expe- rience that, where one is obliged to lie still and watch the hours as they go by, listen- ing to hear the clock strike to see how time passes, they get so they "catch on" to things that ordinarily would be unnoticed. In settling up this affair, which was, perhaps, a little complicated, I knew my neighbor did not feel pleasant toward me, and I made up my mind that I would not argue over a difference of three or four dol- lars; but when I was called on to pay him twice that amount, which it seemed to me I did not justly owe, I, in a courteous wa3', asked for an explanation. My op- ponent resented this, and, in spite of my- self, /got somewhat stirred up. It looked then and there as if it were right and prop- er to resent extortion, no matter what the consequences were. I had good sense enough, however (thank God) to realize that it was not safe for me to open my mouth any further. That little alarm prayer that I told you about years ago began to ring loudly — that old prayer of mine, "Lord, help! " and I dropped the matter. I sub- mitted to what seemed to me great injus- tice. Soon after, I passed through the sick- room. I was hoping that Mrs. Root had not overheard any part of what I have men- tioned, but I was a little fearful. She beckoned me with her finger. When I told her I had submitted for her sake, if for nothing else, she suggested that I should beg luy neighbor's pardon. Now, right here came a big tussle. I do not know that it ever before occurred to me, circumstances might make it a duty, not only to give way to an unjust demand but also to beg par- don because you did not submit to the un- just demand with a more cheerful spirit. When a loved one is on a bed of sickness, it is of the utmost importance that there be no disturbance or discord going on, espe- cially nothing that the sick one shall get hold of. Under the circumstances Mrs. Root's slightest wish or even suggestion was a law to me, and I made haste to do all she suggested. In fact, after I had recov- ered a moment I considered I could honest- \y beg pardon of my neighbor for even ar- guing over the matter of only six or eight dollars at that time — that is, I could con- sent to give him whatever he asked for, whether right or wrong, to avoid any un- pleasantness then and there. And then I could see how such a spirit will help us to get along in this world. One who fol- lows Christ Jesus may be called on to give not only his coat but his cloak also; and that, too, when the demand for either of them is a piece of injustice. Do you not see, dear reader, how many lawsuits, fool- ish quarrels, fights among neighbors, and even niurdeis, might be averted where one of the parties is willing to say that, for Christ's sake, he would give up his coat and cloak a 'so? or, in other words, if one of the neighbors who are in a quarrel should say, " My good friend, you are a neighbor; and, even though I can not but feel that your demand is unjust, I will sub- mit to it rather than quarrel over a few dollars;" or, if you choose, over a small strip of land where there is a division line. I have prided myself all my life on being ready to be fair and honest in deal. I have always prided myself on thinking that / certainly am easy to get along with. I do not know but I shall have to admit here in my old age that, perhaps, I am not always easy to get along with after all. It is easy 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 243 enough for me to agree to what / think is fair and just; but when I feel so sure that my opponent demands somethini;' clear out of reason, then I confess it is hard for me to give up. And then it is a pretty big task, after I have once given up, to be obliged to go and beg his pardon when I feel sure that / was exactly right and he entirely zt^ BUSHELS OF POTATOES FROM ONE POUND OF SEED IN ONE SEASON. Knowing that you are interested in potato-growing, and seeing an article in one of the florists' trade papers a short time a-o that may possibly interest you, I am going to send you a copy of it. It reads as follows: "I got one pound ot the tubers (New Gold Coin po- tato) about March 1, 1903, and put them in a box in the greenhouse. When sprouted about two inches I took the sprouts out and put them in pots. When about four inches high I cut the tops ofiF three or four leaves above the soil. These cuttings I potted in a compost of equal parts sand and soil. Nearly every one rooted; and when four or five inches high I took the tops off as before. This was continued uniil I had 4t)5 plants from the one pound of tubers These were set in the field at the proper time, and about Septem- ber 20 I dug 931 lbs. of potatoes. Had I left them in the ground another thirty days I would have had 100 to 20U lbs. more, for many of the tubers were not fully matured " Now, the above may not be new to you, and may be in common practice among potato-growers who want to make the most they can out of a small quantity of seed; but while I knew it was an easy way to increase them by breaking off the sprouts and planting them in .soil, it never occurred to me that they could be further propagated by cuttings taken from the sprouts. Now, Mr. Root, don't be backward about letting me know what you want in the plant line; and if I have them or can get them for you, I will be glad to send them. S. M. Pike. St. Charles, 111. The above is " high-pressure " garden- ing without any question. Sometimes I have been afraid that the articles in this department did not always really belong there; but there is no question about the above; and from my experience with a prop- erlj' arranged bed I think there is no ques- tion as to its truthfulness. Just now we are told in the Scotsi)ian of Dec. 12, sent us by Mr. J. S. Townhead, Thornhill, Scot- land, of a new potato in that country that has been sold for ;^1S0 ($726) for one pound weight, and the buyer was offered £Vi 244 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 (about 150) more than that for it later. Now, the man who has this wonderful new potato should not only read the above, but he had better build a greenhouse, roll up his sleeves, and go to work. I may say to our readers that friend Pike, who sends the above, is "the chap" who sends out rooted cuttings of all kinds of greenhouse- plants at a price ridiculously low. Send for his catalog if you want some nice plants to set in the window. JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT IN CALIFORNIA. We extract the following from Farm and Fireside: It is reported that Yolo County, California, will make an exhibit of Japanese buckwheat at the St. l,ouis Exposition. It was planted Aug. 1 and harvest- ed September 16, and yirlded about thirty-six bushels to the acre. The first distribution of this variety was made hy the United States Department of Agriculture in 1888 The annual reports of the department for 1889 and 1890 show that the yield was one-third greater than the Silverhull or other varieties. Seed from such crops as that grown in Yolo County would prove of great value in the eastern section of the United States, as this variety resists drouth better than the common ones, and is adapted to all localities, from the Great I,akes to the Gulf of Mexico. The above intimates that the crop was se- cured in 47 days after sowing. If there is no mistake about it, I think it is a little re- markable. The best crop we ever had — over 50 bushels per acre — was harvested in 65 days after sowing. Another thing, this is the first report I have seen of successful buckwheat-growing in California. At the present price of buckwheat for seed, there ought to be "big money" where one takes pains in preparing the ground and putting it in so as to get a good crop. HUMBUGS AND SWINDLES. A good many people think I am queer for insisting that the editors of home papers should consider themselves somewhat re- sponsible for the character of the advertise- ments they admit to their columns. From a medical journal for the home, we copy the following as a sample of the kind of adver- tising a good many of these home papers seem to think are all right for the family circle: SELF-HYPNOTIC HEALING. I have made a late discovery that enables all to induce the hypnotic sleep in themselves instantly at first trial, awaken at any desired time, and thereby cure all known diseases and bad habits, control your " dream self, ' become a true som- nambulist, pass into a wonderful clairvoyant sleep, see in visions things which are going on all over the world, travel in spirit to visit any home, and see just what is transpiring ; trace up lost and stolen articles, find buried or hidden trea- sures ; unravel the secrets of criminals ; read the minds of frienas and enemies ; locate minerals and valuable mines ; make finds and discoveries of untold value; read the very thoughts, life-history, and character of any person from the cradle to the grave ; tell past, present, and future events ; solve hard questions and problems in the sleep, and remem- ber all when awake ; produce the great telepathic function of the soul in a normal state, and develop your psychic fac- ulties. Thih so-called mental-vision lesson will be sent ab- solutely free to everybody, positively guaranteed to enable you to do the above betore any charge whatever. Pkof. K. E. D. Why, it fairly takes one's breath away to read it; and I confess it gives me a sort of feeling that my next youngest grand child expressed a few days ago. He is get- ting to be very much interested in electrici- ty, and I gave him a second-hand 25- cent dry- cell battery with two copper wires, and showed him how it would ring a door- bell. It was a great wonder to him, and he plied me with a great many questions. In order to explain it I told him the little battery contained lightning such as we see in the clouds when it thunders. Then I touched one of the wires to the coil on the bell, and showed him the electric flashes on a small scale. But it seems my explana- tions were almost too vivid and real; for he became frightened at the bottled- up light- ning, and, backing away from it, said, "Take it away, grandpa — take it away." Now, I have something the same feeling that four-year-old Wynne had toward the electrical apparatus. If I had any faith in the professor's ability to do all he tells, "without stopping to catch breath," I think I too, would say, " Take it away, take it away — I do not want any such terri- ble power." We sent for the wonderful secrets, and received a great amount of printed matter; but after the professor has declared over and over again that you are not to pay a cent until you do all he says, he wants $5 00 before he starts in. His regular fee is $50; but if you send him five he trusts you for the balance. If he does not dem- onstrate himself to be the "boss" liar of the universe, he comes pretty near it in his advertisement; and yet I suppose there are persons who will send him the $5.00. ^EEDiS A.lxnost every one is tHinKing of planting garden no'%v. To Have tHe best g'arden you must plant tHe best seeds. I^et us start you on tlie road to suc- cess. C"Vire are successors to tHe seed business of Mr. A. I. Root. "THe best seed at tHe lo^vest prices'* -was His motto and tHe one Mre are follo^ving. CLHave you seen our catalog? "Write us a postal, mentioning Cleaning's, and -we -will send you a copy, and include a trial pacKag'e of our improved FordHooK Fancy tomato. E. C. Green ®, »Son, Seedsmen, Medina, - - Oliio. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 245 ►»»♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦< Very I^o^v-rate Excursions to the "West, North- west, and Southwest via WABASH Tickets on sale every day during March and April to San Francisco, I^os Angeles. Portland. Seattle, and to intermediate points at proportionately low farts, on which stop overs will be granted at cer- tain points Also special one-way, colonist, and round-trip homeseekers' excursion tickets to Den- ver, Colorado Springs. Pueblo, and many other points in the Middle and Southern States, which will be on .<-ale March 1st and loth, and April oth and 19th at greatly reduced rates. Commencing April 22nd, and daily until April 30th, the Wabash will sell round-trip tickets to Sa,K\ Francisco and Los Angeles at a rate of less than one first-class fare for the round trip, with final return limit of June 30th, 1904. Stop-overs will be allowed at and west of Denver on the=e tickets, which may also be made to read via diverse routes. In addition to this, a ..AlsoGrnpe8,SinalI t purcd lor bearing." That's wl;y we cut all buds from the best fruited, bearing trees. It also insures stock true to name and variety. 0\'er three million trees — 913 acres. All new and standard varieties of Apple, Peach, Pear. Plum. Quince, etc. Also orna- mental trees and shrubs. We sell diri'ct at oVaale prices. Illustrated catalogue free. WEST MICHIGAN NURSERIES, Box 63 , Benton ilarhor, Slieh. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 247 ^'He that loves a rosy c heek. 9? uses only Williams' Shaving Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2 -cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet " How to Shave. ' ' The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. XX - BEARING AGE **'• FRUIT TREES. < Vi'e are tlie one nursery that makes a specialty o growing and marketing trees ot bearing age. If you don't want to wait on young stork in your grounds or small orchard, try Sweet's famous GENESEE VALLEY XX TREES. Grown with special care to transplant at fruiting age. Many have borne in the row and are sure to uive satisf.iction. Four to five years old. one to two Indies diameter, and 6 to 8 feet high. Magnifl- CHiit a>soitnient f Standard and Dwarf Pears, Plums and Chorr.ds. Kvery tree a superb speci- men, clean, vitrorous, shapely and strong rooted, dug and shipped so as to suffer least damage from transplanting. No scale or other disease. Full line of fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs, vines, etc. Established 18B3. Write for new free catalog. GEO. i. SWEET I'UR-ER'-' CO , 12 ManleSt . Omsville.N Y. THE APPLE MAiy above all others is the one who needs to spray. Good, smooth, even sized, dise.ise-free, salable apples are now an i mpossibility without spraying. For the apple man's use nothi ng quite equals our Century Barrel Sprayer. Submerged brass cylinder, brass ball valves, everlasting plunger packing, a.tomatic agitator. Unequalled for durability, eise of operation, free water ways. Eighteen Btjles of ai.mjerB. Catalogue with furmulaa amj teallmonUls free. THE DEMINC COMPANY, SALEM, OHIO. Weslern Aiits., Ilenlon & Ihibbrll, Chlcau-O. FRUITFUL Ones Grown Always Grown" The Maule iiiottt) 1 >r more Ibau '23 years. My new BOOK for 1904 Cost over ?'n,OTO to publish. If you have a rnrden yon ran l;n ve a co*-'y for the asking. 8end a postal for it to Wm. Henry Maulc, Philadelphia, Pa. Seed (Th^f^ The cleanest, heav- ^•^^^ ^•^^ ^mr ^^b^ "est. best yielding oats are Michigan Northern Grown. Hammond's Mor- gan-Feller, Hammond's English Wonder, Czar of Russia and Michigan Wonder, tlie four best varieties. Rust proof, stitf straw, have yielded '220 bu. per acre. Cata- lo ! describint; tnece oats and all other farm seeds free onieauest. HARRY N. HAMMOND SEED CO, Ltd., Box 69 Bay City, Mich. SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps «pp&V DouMe-actlng,Lift, PUMPS Tank and Spray ^'w^S^i^^^' ^^^ Store Ladders, Etc. YIMShay mt^'%M^^,mm ofallWnds. Write ■ Glass ^V^Valre^H f„ Circulars tnd ^^ W .^m^ Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers withsteelrollerbearings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown off the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buv in quantity- _ F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland, - Ohio. Farmers^ Handy Wagon With 4-Bnch Tire Steel Wheels Low and handy. Saves labor. Wide tires, avoid cutting fann inbi ruts. Will hold up any two-horse load. We also furnish steel W lieels to tit any axle. Any size wheel, any widtliof vix: Catalogue free. EMPIRE HAHUFAOTIKINf; CO., li.ix 'H. (juincv. 111, 248 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 Labor Saved=Profit Made * The factors that control the farmers' profit are only two — work and weather. He can't control the weather; he can control the work. IRON ACE IMPLEMENTS No. B Iron Age Cambinrd Dtmble nnd Sinele Wheel Hop, Hill and Drill Seeder give the operator every possible mechanical advan- tage at his work. They will earn many times their cost because they more than double the results of a given amount of labor. Ask your dealer about these tools. Write for New Iron Age Book, and let us tell you more about them. BATE.1IAN MFG. CO., Box liO Grenlocli, N. J. Improved BoiiliMis' Totato Planter dURPEE 0 Farm Annual " Thk Leading American Seed Catalogue," is now more "a leader" than ever before. Thoroughly revised and greatly improved, it tells not only the Plain Truth about seeds, but has also many new features for 1904. An elegant book of 178 pages, it contains hundreds of illustrations from nature and six superb lithographic colored plates. It shows in natural colors thirteen " true and tried " new Vegetables of sterling merit, three new Nasturtiums (of a distinct type), and seven Superb Sweet Peas, — all painted from nature, by New York's leading artist, at our famous Fordhook Farms. It presents also tiuenty-one faithful photogravures of America's Largest Mail-order Seed Trade, — views in both town and country. Altogether it is pronounced the Best Seed Catalogue Ever Published A|.f| jfc FrPf^ ^ provided you will ask for it now. It will cost YOU one cent to ^^*'*' II J ■ rcc » ^,^;i yQy,- address on a postal card to us. It will cost us four cents postage — plus eight cents for the catalogue, — just twelve cents to respond to your request. We are willing to bear this risk — twelve for one I 4Eg= If you will only read BURPEE'S EARN ANNUAL for 1904 we feel quite sure that you will favor us with at least a trial order, and this is all we ask, as Burpee's Seeds will tell their own story in your garden and fields. Better send for this catalogue to=day I One cent spent by you insures twelve cents spent by us, and this should be sufficient to convince you that we have /az/A in Burpee's Seeds and also in our ability to persuade you to try Burpee's Seeds, if you will only read Burpee's Farm Annual. Are you willing to spend that cent ? Shall we hear from you? If not. You will miss an opportunity to become acquainted with the very BEST SEEDS that can be grown ! W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelph BARGAINS IN PLANTS AND TREES worth double the money, by mail postpaid. 20 Wilder Currants iO Fay " 20 Elberta Peach 10 Pear assorted 200 Marie Strawberry «1 00 100 Kinp Raspberry 1 00 100 Ea. King Blackberry 1 00 100 Ohmer " 1 00 20 ^"iap:ara Grapes 1 00 20 Worden " 1 00 10 Cherry assorted 15 Apples tl 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 Everything for the fruit grower best varieties cheap. Free catalog of great bargains— 3 new strawberry plants free for 6 names of fruit growers and 2c stamp W. N. SCARFF, NEW CARLISLE, OHIO StratywberrSes 300 Choice Plants, Ex- press Prepsid for $ 1 .50. 100 each of early, medium and late, None stronger or better. Offer good to any express otHoe in U. S It pays to get the be^t. Beauti- ful Strawberry Catalogue Free. W. F. Allen, Salisbury, Md. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 249 Buys a BuilttoOriler SPLIT m Made to your Order BUGGY We know you have always wanted to have a Buggy huilt just as you wanted it. Here is your opportunity without paying the carriage maker any extra. Send for Full i>e«crlption to aid you in selecting tlie style, fittings, color, etc. of a Buggy to be tuiilt for you of the celebrated SPLIT HICKORY constructed at a price of $50. All Split Hickory Special BuKirles are furnished complete with good, high padded, patent leather dash, fine quality, full length carpet, side curtains, storm apron, quick shifting shaft couplings, full leathered shafts with Sli-inch point leathers, special heel braces and corner braces. We make the buggy to suit the customer's taste and guarantee it to (ilease, no matter what the requirements are. Qn HAYC FRFF T0IAI ""owed on Spllt Hickory vehicles for you to test them thoroughly, in every QU UH I a rntk l niHI- way. a positive 2 years guarantee given with every one. This is a plain busi- ness proposition between business men. Ourr" ^-•- -•- - . t,. , ., «. ... direct and you are assured of a square deal i of Split Hickory Vehicles and Harness. The Ohio Carriage Mfg. COm %*:;Tnr'f320 Sixth St.,Cincinnati,0. NOTE.— We carry a full line of high-grade Harness, sold direct to the user at whole eputation is established by years of honorable dealing with buggy us vhen you accept our proposition. Send for our Frek 136-page Catalog WE PARALYZE COMPETITION etc fift foi' tbis latest dlDi9U I904 Style Open Bu^gy, as described in our Big Free Buggy Catalog. Latest 1904 Styles For th.i Latest ^04 i^tyle Top Buggy, P.3 de-icribed in our Big Free Buggy Catalog. C97 Rn for this latest «PU I lUU 11)04 sty le i'anopy Top Surrey. with- out top, or 1-4'^. 5U Willi top, as shown in out lilg Kree Buecy Catalog. Shipped on 3U days FUEE TRIAL. GO-OPERATION DOES IT Send us a postal for our BIl- Freo 19!i4 Vehicle Catalog and our great book explalnliiip bow co-operatton re- duces the prices on every tlilnB. Freight rates guaran- teed; money refunded if goods are not Katisf.ictory. First National Co-Operative Society (CASH BUYERS UNIONj 345B Cash Buyers Building, CHICAGO. More Potatoes and better ones, earlier to mature and using less seed, if you plant witli our Acme Hanti Planter Deposits seed at just the right depth in mnist soil. Neither sed nor soil can dry out. Seed grows at Lince. This is tbe cheapest way to plant. Easiest too. Works well in any soil, sod or new land. If dealercan't furnish send 0 and his name; we'll ship cbiirges paid. Write today for our Booklet, "The A> me of Potato Profit." Potato Imple- ment Co., lioxSO, Traverse City, Jllcli. Send Us Your Name and Address for our catalog of Plants and 32 quart crate and quart baskets. Special prices for February' and March. Address H. H. AULTFATHER, Minerva. Ohio. B A BB P Pulverizing AbMC HARROW Clod Crusher and Leveler The best pulverizer and cheapest Riding Harrow on earth We also "^ makewalkingAcmos. The Acme crusties cut^, pulver- fzes, turns and levels all soils tor all purposes. Made, of cast steel and wrought iron— Indeslrucllble. ' Caill nit Trial To be returned at mv expenseif aeill (III I rial not satisfactory. Catalog and booklef'An Ideal Harrow" by Henry Stewart, mailed free, 1 deliver f.o.b. New York, Cfalcneo. <'oIumbiu, Loola^ TlUe, Kansas €lty, Dlinneapolis, San Frsnrlseo. fl DUANE H. NASH, Sole Mfr., Mllllngton.N. J. ^ Branch Houses: 110 WishinKtonSt., Chicago 240-244 7th Avo. South. Minneapolis. 1310 w 8th Street. Kansas Citr. 21 6 E . Jefferson St. Louisville. Kt. Cnr. Water snd W.OaTStB..Cclumhu9,0 fr.EASE MEJNTION THIS PAPER. Every Home^^""''"'® , adorned with Palms and other leaf and flowering Plants. Vit have 44 greenhousi s full. Also have hundreds of car- , loads of Fruit unit Orna- iMeiitalTrees,.vhriib8,Ro.<«es, I'lauts, Vines, Bulbs, Seeds. Karest new. choic>TOKKS A: HARKISOIV CO., Box 145, PAINESVILLE, OHIO. 250 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 The Cyphers Guarantee backed by every dollar we have in tiie world is made to you, personally. It says that YOU will hatch a larg^er percentage of healthy, vigorous chicks, with less oil, lesc attention, less trouble and mure satisfaction, in a genuine, patented CYPHERS INCUBATOR than in any other make or you get your money back. The genuine Cyphers is the only pat- ent diaphragm, non-moisture, self-ventilating, self-regulating incubator. Adopted and en- d' Government ExperimentStations and used by more leading poultrymen than all o her makes comb-ned. Catalogue free if ynu name this paper. Address nearest office. CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO. Buffalo. N.Y., Chicago, Boston, New York. A HEAT HOLDER Great Scott Incubator case has no invisible cracks and porous seams to waste the precious heat that starts chick grenns into lite. The Gre:it Scott Incubator is rigid; strong; easily regulated; causes no worry; gives high i'ame of the beet Incubator and Brooder in principl right. Requ least attention all - All ^" ' ' • say it. Eastern or.lcr.i rr>'mptl.T lillel frim Buffalo hnuEe. Incu- bator Caia'os free, with Pcultry Calalnir 10 ota. Des Moines Incubator Co. Dept. 603, Das Moines, la. NO GAS TO KILL Very little lamp gas in an incubator egg chamber often kills every germ. Nogas can possiblj' creep into the SURE HATCH INCUBATOR because it's heated by our rustless, heavy copper, hot water circulator. Don't waste money and lose good eggs experiment- ing with poor incubators. Send for free catalogue. C^ 10 and learn why the Sure Hatch hatches s"rp. Sure Hatch Inon. bator Co., day Center, >eb, and Indianapolis, Ind. THIS SSTHE INCUBATOR On 30 Days Free Tr al. WE say it's the best incuhatrr made. Try it and ses what TOU think. Nn pay until satisfiod. .Automatic and certain. Send f r trial plan, t^'atal.ig free, with puultrv pai er 1 year lnc ROYAL INCUBATOR CO. Dept 503, Oes Moines, la. CYPHERS' MODEL INCUBATORS "Model" is the name that should be on the Incubator and Brooder you buy this season. Why? They're made by Cyphers— the man who has built the most successful, world-famous hatchers. The free catalog will interest you. Write for it now and Ifarn how to make moi ey. CHAS. A. CYPHERS, 39-47 HENftY ST.. BUFFALO, NEW YORK 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 251 ^ Greider's Fine Catalog of Prlze-Winnioj Poultry for 1904. This book is printed In ditferent col- ors. Coutains a J'^iiio Clirouio of llfeikR fowls suitable for tram- ing. It illuslraies and describee GO varieties of poultry, ducks, geesi", etc. It shows best equp- ped powltry yard? and houses— how to build houses ;cure for diseases ; Best Lice Destroyer how to make hens lay ; poultry t^upplies and such Infonm.tiioa a«i8 of much u-e to all who k ep chickens. Prices of epresand stock witliin reach ofidl. Send 10 cents lor this noted book. r n. H. GREIDEK, KHEEHS, PA. Wake Your Own Fertilizer at Small Cost with Wilson's Phosphate Mills ** From 1 to 40 H. P. Also Bone Cut- ters. liand and power, for tlie poul- trymen; Farm Fee.l MilN, Gpa. ham l<'loiir Hand MilU, Grit and Shell Mills. Send for cataloKue. WILSON liKOS., Sole JllVs., Caston, Pa. SCRAWNY CHICKS ^J lack sufficient nourishment. Fatten them ^^ — make them healthy— feed them Mrs. ■ Pinkerton's Chick Food. It prevents bow- I el trouble. It's all food — easily digested. Write ■ for catalog of prize birds at St. Louis and Chicago H 1903 Shows. Gives prices and valuable inforniition. I Anna L PInkerton Company, Box 29 , Hasting'; POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20lh Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated, 50c yr., shows readers iiow to succeed with Pc ultry. .Special Introductory OfTer. 3years60cts; 1 year25cts; 4 months trial lOcts. Stampsaccepted. Sample copy free. H8 page illustrateo practical nucry book tree to yearly subscribers. Catalogue of poultry publications free. Poullry Success Co., &gfieid,o. 9 I A •80 For I A 200 Egg INCUBATOR Perfect in constnictiou and action. Hatches every fertile egg. AVrite for catalog to-day. GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy. MI 100 ^ HATCHES Our new catalogue contains hundreds of thera obtained by BUCKEYE INCUBATOR users in all parts of the U.S. Send for a copy and read the proof. It is free. Buckeye incubator Co., Box 64, Springfield, O. Your Hens Will Lay * twice as well If you use a Mann's "^llfx Bone Gutte Ten dftjB free trial. No money Id advanc Catalo^e free. F.lV.lllBiia&Co.fBoz 37lUirord,aia8a. BEAUTIFUL PICTURE In Colors FKEE with a S.ini- ple (;opy of Fancier's Gazelle, the most instructive poultry jiajier pub ish- eil. Itteachea you how to make money out of tbo Kreateat industry in the world. Also earn about our »l.i,OiX) World's Fair prizo sr. Send us your name on a postal card. Eanfier's Gazette C«. 84.3 E. Wafliini'ton St. Indiauapolis, Inil- ECG,ORHOWMANDY PAID THE MORTGAGE a book that will li(?lp every jjoultry keeper solve all the problems and mal»e poultry keeping pay. An ac- count of actual expeiience. you ought to read. Free if you mention this paper. Oco. II. Lee Co., Omaha, Neb. Make Manure Hauling Easy Every farmer dreads the hauling out of the sea- son's manure. He knows it is the heaviest, most slavish, back breaking work onthetaim Jlai.uK is heavy. It is never going to be »ry b; 1 u ! 'tter seek a remedy. If you only had to lift it hvlf as higli In loading as you do now it would decrease the labor more than half. The last half of the lift is more than twice as hard as the first half. That's where the strain comes In. A low- down, easy-to-load Handy Electric Wagon wil make hauling manure easy. Easier and quicker loaded. Then there are the broad tires— j ust as broad as you want tbem up to 8 inches. They don't cut in and rut the soil. They don't spoil meadows or the fall sown grain. Next to a Handy Electric Wagon the best thing is to use a set of our Electric Steel Wheels on your ordinarv waj.'on. Can't tell it all here Write for new Illustrated Catalogus. We mail it free for the asking. Electric Wheel Co. Box 95 Quincy, III. Seed ^g^f9f% $1 00 bu, and up. ^^^/ V MM M M Michigan Northern ' """"" ^^ -^ .^ ^ Grown is tlie earl- iest antl produces largest crops. Hammond's Sixty Day Flint, American Pride, Race Horse Dent and Thorough- bred White Dent are the 4 famous varieties today. Amer ican Pride made l'i7 liu shelled corn per acre 100-page catalog fully descriliint; these wonderful corns sent on request. HARRY N HAMMOND SEED CO^ Ltd, Box 69 Buy City Mich. FENCE! STROMGEST MADE. Buu strong, Chicken- Tight. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale Prices. Kuliy Warranted. Catalog Free. COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box 101, Winchester, Indiana, D. S. A. 252 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Mar. 1 JOS. NYSEWANDER, DES MOINES, IOWA. "Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices-- :^H -: ~™-*-y»»3a , OUR NEW BUILDING, just completed, and built especially for our large and increasing supply trade, is filled with the largest stock of supplies ever carried in the West. Eighteen years in the supply business, with last year by far the largest in our history, proves we give satisfaction. We can satisfy j'ou. Our goods are unexcelled, and our prices are right. Remember there are discounts on orders received now. We are centrally located, have everj' convenience for handling business with dispatch, and our shipping facilities are the best. <{> 4{)(> 0 Write to-day for our large illustrated FREE catalog. Address Jos. Nysewander, 565-567 W 7th llDes Moines, la. MarsHfield Manufacturing Co, Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in. the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. «?/ic Marshfield Manufacturing Company, MarsKilsld, "Wis. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 253 %%-%-% BEE SUPPLIES ^'-^^'^ LEWIS' GOODS AT FACTORY PRICES. Write to us to day and say what you want and get our prices. New Catalog of 84 pages. It is free. We also handle HOOSIER INCUBATORS AND BROODERS. O. IVI. Soo-b-t & Oom|3anv9 I004 E. Wash Street, INDIANAPOLIS. IND. The Best Bee=goods in the World are no better than those we make, and the chances are that they are not so good. If you buy of us Yon will not be Disappointed. We are undersold by no one. Send for new catalog and price list and free copy of THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its thir- teenth year; 50 cts. a year; especially for beginners. The W. T. Falconer Man'f'g Co., Jamestown, N. Y. W. M. Gerrish, Epping, New Hampshire, carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save the freight. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- I ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- isuring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, land prompt shipment We want every ' bee- keeper to have our FREE II^LUSTR AT- ' ED CATALOG, and read description of ' Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. [er^lVRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. KRETCHIVIER IVIANFC. CO. S '^|hugart'& Ouren, council Bluff's, lowa. Box60, RED OAK, IOWA. X Chas. A. Meyers, Leipsic, Ohio. 254 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted under this head at 15 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed tive lines, and you must SAT you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will bf charg'^d our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We cannot be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w ANTED.— Full colonies of bees for spring delivery. W'M. A. Selser, 10 Vine .St.. Philadelphia, Pa. w HAT have you to exchange for a one-horse sweep power? Geo. A. Ohmert, Rockdale, la. W/ANTED- '' cubators. w w To exchange modern firearms for in- Address 216 Court Street, Reading, Pa. ANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping can. for honey. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. ANTED. — To exchange new bee supplies for sec- ond-hand typewriter in good condition. D. W. SwiTZER, Roebuck, S. C. VyANTED.— Bees Who can furnish cheapest ? Col- '"^ onies or by the pound, for one '2)4 h. p. engine, good as new, $65 00. G. Routz.\hn Biglerville, fa. \X/ANTED. — Red-raspberry plants (Red Marlbo- '' rough), warranted true to name, for bees or long- tongued queens. J. B Summers, Berthoud, Colo. Y^ANTED. — To exchange for offers 6-horse engme, '' 10-horse boiler, ICO-gal. copper, all good as new. Chas H. Thies, Chester, 111. VJ^ANTED — Second hand Barnes foot-power saw. '' State how long used condition, and price; also whether the new or old style. The a. I. Root Co., 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Vi^ANTED — Price on 100 three-frame nuclei, young '' hybrid or Italian queens, delivered before first day of June by express at Aurora, N. Y. S. J. Snyder, Aurora, Cayuga Co., N. Y. R. P. No 29. ^^ V^ANTED. — To sell or exchange high-grade type- "' writer, Excelsior 260 egg incubator, apple trees, strawberry plants, bee-supplies, foundation, encyclo- paedia, 200 new books and twelve volumes Glean- ings, for beeswax, honey, Root-German wax-press, wheel hoe and drill, or cash. Box 177, Hyde Park, Vermont. Situations Wanted. Vj^ANTED. — Situation with an up-to-date queen- breeder, east of the Miss. River, to learn the business. I have experience with bees (queen-rearing excepted) in both the East and West. Correspondence solicited. Address Queen Breeder, Care The A. I. Root Co , Medina, Ohio. Help Wanted. WANTED.— A competent man to take charge of 200 '' 300 colonies of bees. References required. Ad- dress The Texas Honey Producers' Ass'n, Floresville. Tex. IVANTED.— A man with family and experience, to '' take charge of a fruit-farm ; must understand spraying, and for fruit in general. James West, Montpelier, Ind. Addresses Wanted. W ANTED. — Addresses of bee- keepers who use chaff hives. Geo E- Hilton, Fremont, Mich. w ANTED — Catalogs of bee-keepers other than the A. I. Root Co. A. E. TiTOFF, Medina, O. VVANTED. — Addresses of parties interested in poul- '' try supplies. Griggs Bros. 523 Monroe St., Toledo, O. yVANTED.— Your address on a postal for a little " book on Queen-Rearing. Sent free. Address Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass. Vy ANTED. — To furnish you with groceries at reduc- ' ' ed prices. Send for our free catalog Vickery Bros , Evausville, Ind. Y^ANTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the '^ truth about it by subscribing for the Hfivana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havana. SI 00 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale. — A limited amount of ginseng sets. C. G. Marsh, Kirkwood, Broome Co., N. Y. For Sale. — 75 colonies of bees packed in chaff on summer stands: also 200 lbs. of coinb honey. Route 3. H. WiLBER, Morenci, Mich. For S.4LE — Recleaned clover seed. As fine as money will buy. 86.50 per bu., sacks free, f. o b. De Soto. Chas. Piper DeSoto, 111. For Sale. — First-class llO-acre dairy farm, 1 14 niiles from Watertown. Good location for bees. Good build- ings. Address Box 22, Watertown, Conn. For S.4LE. — 5000 t, extracting combs, in first-class condition, at 10 c each. Also 200 8-trame painted bodies at 2ic. H. & W. J. Manley, Sanilac Center, Mich. For Sale. — I,eather colored Italian bees, with a tested queen in each colony, at|6 00 per colony. Good strong swarms. In lots of ten $5 00 each. No dis- ease. F. A. Gray, Redwood Falls, Minn. For Sale — 8-frame 1^-story hives made of Michi- gan white pine. Root's frames inside. Five, $5.00; 10, $^ 00. Nailed and painted, ready for bees, $1.50. Sec- tions until April 1st at last year's prices. Send for list. W. D. Soper, R. F. D. No. 3, Jack.son, Mich. For Sale. — Apiarian outfit of 200 colonies Italians in Dovetailed hives, in best white-clover part of Min- nesota (also basswoodandgoldenrod); to & buyerof the lot. colonies at $4.00, and accessories at one-half list price; combs 20c a square foot. X Y Z, Gleanings. For Sale. — My apiary outfit consisting of Dove- tailed-hive bodies filled with frames of comb : honey and wax extractors, comb-buckets, and other fixtures. Will fill orders as received until sold. Sawmill well located almost new. Also good farm well located. All for sale cheap. B. J. Cross, Auburn, Alabama. For Sale. — An apiary and farm, consisting of 120 acres good grazing land, and only fifteen minutes' walk from the city of Cardenas, and on the public road; having on said place 350 hives (American system), all necessary supplies to handle these, good house on grounds, numerous fruit trees, plenty of shade for bees, thirty odd head of cattle raised on the place, among these six fine American milch cows (Holstein stock) selling nice little amount of milk daily, good- riding saddle-horse, ox wagon with fine yoke oxen in fine condition, two good water wells, large pineapple- grove now producing, and with capacity to plant, if required, 60 000 henequen plants. Sell for cash, or on time with satisfactory guarantee. Address American Bee Hive, P. O. Box 44, Cardenas, Cuba. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 255 vK .^^^. Walter S. Pouder. Established 1889. ^ Bee=keepers' Supplies. ^^ HP — ^ f^i^ ^ "^ Distributor of Root's Goods from the best shipping ^ ^ point in the Country. My prices are at all times ^ ^ identical with those of the A. I. Root Co., and I can -^ *v save you money by way of transportation charges. ^ m ^ 5f Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb ^ ^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee S ^ Smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, X 0: and, in fact, everything used by Bee-keepers ^ ^ Headquarters in the West for the Danzenbaker Hive which \t^ ^ is so rapidly g'aining' in popularity among- our most successful ^^ ij4 comb- honey producers. Investigate its merits. ^^ ^ No order too smaU, and none too lar{>;e. " Satisfaction guar- w ^ aateed " goes with every shipment. A pleased customer is the ^^ '** best advertisement that my business has ever had. Remember ^^ ^ that it is always a pleasure to respond promptly to any commu- 'Sjx ^ nication pertaining to the bee or honey industry. ^^ ^ Beeswax Wanted. -=1 pay highest market price for beeswax, y^ ^ delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make small ship- ^^ ^ ments by express; large shipments by freight, always being ^ ^ sure to attach your name on the package. '^ »V ^ ^ Take Notice.— Finest Comb and Extracted Honey on hand at all v^ ^ times. I handle several carloads during a season, and if your xjx ^ local demand exceeds your supply I can furnish you promptly, ^ ^.^ and at prices that will justify you in handling it. If interested ^t^ Vtif write for my special price list of honey. "^ ^ ^ ^ riy Illustrated Catalog is mailed free to every applicant. Ad- ^ V^ dress your communications to y^ *«* - ^ i WALTER S. POUDER, } h 513=515 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^ 256 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 GUS. DITTMER'S FOUNDATION-FACTORY BURNED. The following letter, just received from Mr. Dittmer, will explain all about his loss : Mr. Root:— \o\i have already heard through my son of my great misfortune, last Saturday, in the burning of my factory and office. About (iOOO lbs of foundation and over 2000 lbs. of wax went up To-day is the first time I have tried to write or do any thing; but I am getting reconciled to the situation, and have started out to make I he best of it. Yesterday I bought a two- story house, 24X34, which will be placed on my lots this week; and within 30 days, or as soon as I can se- cure wax enough to start with, we shall be ready for the foundation trade again. Every thing else we can furnish. What 1 need at once is lots of wax. I have lost most of my papers, including my mailing- list. All of my Saturday morning mail, except the re- mittances, was burned. I have no way of notifying any one, as names and address are lost. I want you to present to your readers in a way that all will see it the dilemma that I am in. I want to hear from every one who has an order with me. or has written me in a mail that should have reached me la.st Saturday, or any one looking for an invoice or letter of any kind from me. I also want a card from all of my friends and pa- trons, and from every one who has been receiving my catalog, for the reason that my mailing-list is lost. I also want all of my friends and patrons to have pa- tience with me and g^ive me a chance on ray foundation orders. As soon as we get started again we will, if necessary, run night and day until we catch up. If they have any wax for me, ship it at once at very best price. I also want them to send their orders right along as if nothing had happened. We can furnish every thing but foundation the same as before, and be ready to furnish that as soon as we can .start up, which we expect to do inside of 30 days. If they don't get letters as expected, thej must not be impatient. I shall soon have another supply of catalogs I shall expect every one who owes me to write me at once. Augusta, Wis., Feb. 23. Gus. Dittmer. We desire to help our brother, even though a com- petitor, and suggest that our friends who have wax put themselves in correspondence with him at once. Mr. D. is well backed financially, and fully able to take care of any consignments of wax sent him. I suggest that those who have written him lately send him duplicates of the letters. This will help him to straighten out his business, and enable him to do just- ice to all He does not say any thing a^out his ma- chinery being burned, and so we assume he saved that. Later. — Just as we go to press we have word from Mr Dittmer that he already has several tons of wax on the way to him. and will be running as soon as his building is moved and machinery set up. Special Notices by A. I. Root. WANTED — SEED OF THE GLOBE THISTLE OR CHAPMAN HONEY PLANT. If anybody can furnish us even a little pinch of this seed, to get a start, we shall be glad to get it. WANTED, SPIDER PLANT SEED. If any of the friends have any spider plant seed (Cleome pungens) I hope they will please let us know what they have and what they want for it. WANTED — JAPANESE BUCKWHEAT FOR SEED. If any of the friends have any of the above to spare, I wish they would send samples, tell how much, and what they want for it. SEED POTATOES ALL SOLD. Our seed potatoes are all sold, and we shall have to return quite a little money. I suppose the reason why they went off so quickly is the rapid advance in pota- toes for table use. We are told by the dailies that choice table potatoes sold for $1 10 a'bushel a few days ago A year ago this spring, even until along in May, seed potatoes, especially the extra earlies, were going very slowly. As a result of this I expected there would be a shortage this season. TERRY'S BOOK, " OUR FARMING." We are glad to tell you that this valuable book has been revised, and the price is one dollar instead of two as formerly; and to all regular readers of Gleanings we will make a .«.pecial price of 75 cents. If wanted by mail, add 13 cents extra for postage ; and if any of our friends have, during the past six months, paid f I 50 for the book (the price given in our book cata- log), we will refund the difference if they will call our attention to the matter by postal card or other- wise. If Your Breachy Stock has hooked, jammed, and banged your wire fences to pieces you ought to buy Page fence next time. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Michigan. ^^ PRINTING ^ 1000 Note-heads 9I.SO 1000 Envelopes, XXX, 61-2 I-.T 3 250 of either, |l.OO, postpaid. Samples and estimates Free. "STo-uxig ^^x-o-tlier-a. Gri-rtw*3Lf X*c«> "C^ee-Keepers* Supply Co. •■^ 43 SmithSt,.Newburgh,N. Y. W. B. Vaughan, Manager. A NY ONE wishing to loan or invest money in Cuba ** on good security, and large interest, write Joseph Clark, Caballos, Cuba. A OEMS WANTED— New Ohio Map, just published. ^ L,arge&t and best on the market. Write for terms and territory at once and get to work. RAND, McNALLV & CO., Chicago, 111. Hive-numbers ! Samples Free. ALUMINUIVI. Latest, and .same as we use in our apiary. Address GEO. W. BERCAW, Eltoro, Oiange Co., Calif. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honey, sections, comb foundation and such other articles used in the apiarv. IViite for price list. A. W. S'WAN (St. CO. Centralia, Kan. E. E. Lawrence (Box G 28), Doniphan, Mo. ijV Breeder of Fitie Italian if QUEEN BEES. Send for Price Ust. L,ocal Agents for Root's Goods. 4,000,000 PEACH=TREES TENNESSEE WHOLESALE NURSERIES. June Buds a Specialty. No agents traveled, but sell direct to planters at wholesale prices. Absolutely free from diseases, and true to name. Write us for catalog and prices before placing your order elsewhere. We guarantee our stock to be true to name. I,argest peach nursery in the world. Address J. C. HALE, Wincliester, Tenn. S WEET=POTATO SEED Sound, bright stock; most popu- lar varieties. Send for de- scriptive price list. :-: :-: L. H. Mahan, ^°'',,, Terre Haute, Ind. 1884 1904 Twenty Years r Of experience in the manu- facture of Hives and Supplies, ^ and a little longer in Queen- | rearing, with good facilities, will enable us to fill your or- ders with satisfaction and | promptness. :: Let us send g you our 64-page Catalog. . . , ffi a J. M. JENKINS, WETUMPKA, = = ALABAMA. 258 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 1 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. ^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in BEE- ■KEEPERS' SUPPLIES ^ tUS iSend for Ovir FREE New Illustrated Catalog and Price L-ist. ^tj* vj* ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^ I Dittmer's Foundation 1 ■RETAIL AND WHOLESALC- ♦ Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the T desmest andt P^iirest, and in all respects the best and most desirable. ^ Send for samples. Working- wax into foundation, for cash, a specialty. ♦ Beeswax always wanted at liigHest Price. ^ A Full L'ine of .Supplies, R.eta.il and '^WKolesale. ♦ Send at once for catalog, with prices and discounts. 4 ♦ E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont., sole agents for Canada. ♦ I CUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wisconsin | ♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^ PATENT BINGHAM SMOKERS. 4-inch heavy tin .'=raoke Engine, 3S1 holes in ?teel fire-grate, postpaid |1 50 354-inch Doctor, k86 lioles in grate 1 10 3-inch Conqueror, 220 holes in grate 1 00 25^-inch l,arge, 170 holes in grate 90 2-inch Wonder, 110 holes in grate 65 4-inch heavy Copper, 381 holes in giaie 2 00 Twenty-five years the only patents granted, most improved, standard, and best in the world. Neve y a complaint. All have shields, bent cup, and coil-wire handles. Never go out, or throw sparks or soot. Bingham Smo- kers are not like other smokers. I would like to show you the many let- ters I have, but will summarize them below: " Don't see how they could be improved;'' "Best I ever used:" "Perfect satisfact'on;" "Perfection itself. " The latest unadvertised patent, dated U)03, sent by the inventor on receipt of iOc above regular prices of the 3 larger sizes of smokers. T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell, Mich. ORIGINAL Volume XXXII. MARCH 15, 1904. Number 6 f/p ^5* 3*«EE CULTME cONTDfte vIarket Quotations 264 Straws, by Dr. Miller 271 Pickings, by Stenog 273 Conversations with Doolittle . ..274 Editorials 275 Indoor vs. Outdoor Wintering 275 E. F. Phillips on Fertilization 275 Another Kink in Cutting Candied Honey 27(> Heavy Winter Losses for Outdoor Bees.. 27h The Ohio Foul Brood Bill 276 Stings 27*> Preventing Honey from Candying 277 Objection to the Hoffman Frame 277 Wintering in the Machine-shop Cellar.. .277 Refreshing Fairness 277 General Correspondence 278 The Shallow Hive and Frame 27S The G. B. Lewis Co 279 ^j Vegetable Physiology 281 The Late Captain Hetherington 284 Indoor Winter Ventilation 284 Fertilization 285 Heads of Grain Feeding Unfinished Sections Outdoors.. Eggs in the Supers of Shallow Hives A Handy Hive-carrier Cutting Bee-trees lileaching Honey Controlling Swarming Our Homes Gardening 2^ Special Notices 30^! 287 t -*^ ■^^■^^i^M^is.ii -'*?'- The A.I. (H MEDINA C5^V X ij. OHIO /-^ Eastern Edition, EMTKREn AT THE P06TOFFICE AT MEDINA, OHIO, AB SECOND-CLASS MatTEK OVER A ILLION Lewis' Perfect Sections. 5000 LBS Dadant's Weed Process Foundation. NOW IN STOCK. All other supplies in proportion. Discounts on early orders. Sixty- eight-page catalog now ready. Send us a list of the goods you want, and we will tell you what they will cost. We want to hear from you. LEWIS C.& A. G. WOODMAN C=rand Rapids, - Mich. FOUR c;ikR\iO^DS HOiU If* STOI^HGE HUaflLITIflG YOUt? ORDERS Consisting of a full line of STANDARD GOODS f Danzenbakep flivcs, Root's DoVd Hives, Root's Chaff Hives, Hilton Chaff Hives, Hilton T-Supeps Cocuan Extiraetors, Copneil Smokers, The Doolittle Wax- extPaetoFs, and H.l~ Icy Tuaps, ete., ete. As well as Weed Foundation, Section Boxes, Sec- tion-presses, Enamel - cloth, Brushes, Honey - boards. Tin Rabbits, Taps for cutting-screw- holes, and Manum Swarm-catchers. Write for descriptive matter regarding Hilton Chaflf Hives and T-supers, with prices on the number you think of purchasing. 36'PAGE CATALOG FREE GEO. F. HILTON, Fremont, Mich. am/ MJUi \ (iwrtl/Mmi/AMnW A/1/1 AM/t' I • ml QxjjO toitaW Wm oMa/vuv. Y 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 263 f Headquarters for BEE- SUPPLIES. loot's Goods at Root's Factory Prices. Large, complete stock now ready; liberal dis- count on early orders; insure you prompt service and lowest freight rates. Give me your orders and you will save money. Cata- log free — send for same. SEEDS OF DIFFERENT HONEY PLANTS. Let me book your order for QUEENS (see catalog, page 29) as stock for early orders is limited. NUCLEI ready to supply, begin- ning June. 9 W. WEBER. Office and Salesroom, 2146 and 2148 Central Ave. Warehouse, Freeman and Central Aves. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 264 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs uusoiled by travel- stain or otherwise ; all the cells sealed exceut an occasional cell, the outside surfaceof the wood well scraped of propolis. ANo. 1.— All SIC ons well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; o mihs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well ecrape'1 of propolis. No. 1. -AH sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soi.ed. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Cincinnati. — The demand for honey is brighter than it has been for the p'lst sixty days. We continue to offei amb r extracted in barrels at r>'-^Cdii%, ace )rd- ing to quality. White clover extracted is a drag on the mat ket at 6^'n 8, in barrels an I cans Comb honey seems to be reviving at 13i^fg;Io for fancy. Beeswax is wanted by us at 30. delivered here. The Fred W. Muth Co., Mar. 4. 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. New York. — The market on comb honey is decided- ly dull. There is some demand for white honey, but pi ices are ruling rather low. We quote fancy while at 13@llc; No. 1 at 12, amber at II, and in round lots even these prices have to be shaded in order to effect sales. There is i o demand at all for dark and buck- wheat comb horey, and it looks as if some of it would have to be carried over. We quote nominally at 9@ 10. There is a fair demand for extracted honey at ir- regular prices, fancy white bringing 654(57; light am- ber 5}4(a,ti\ other grades h'3jb\^\ Southern common to fair, 50^5.5 per gallon. Bteswax. firm ; t 29'6 30. Hll.DRETH & SEGELKEN, Mar. 7. 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Chicago. — It is difficult to get more than 12 cts. per lb. for any lot of while comb honey, with sales chiefly at 11 Even at this price t does not work cff as fast as owners wish it would Select iotis in the mo-t desirable grades bring a little higher price in small quantities: off grades sell at 1 and 2 cts. per lb. less. Extracted honey is plentifiil. and slow of sale; white brings 6(0)7; amber, 5'a6, according to quality and style of package. Beeswax is active at 30. R. A. Burnett & Co., March 9. 199 So. Water Street. Philadelphia. — There has not been much change since last quotations on comb honev. Small lots have been arriving freely, but principally of poor quality, and have been .'old at whatever the commission man could get for them, raneing from 10 cts up. We qu^de fancy comb honey, Hfffilo; No. 1 12'" 13; amber, KJv?!!; extracted, white, Ti^Cg'S; amber, i\(ml\ Southern 5(5»ti, accorr'ing to the package. Beeswax sells readily at 13 We are producers of honej-, but do not handle on comm ssion. Wm. A. .Sei ser, March 10. 10 Vine Street. Kansas City. — There is not much change in the honey nurket: but the demand seems to be slowly picking up. and we should not be surp'i-ed to see a good trade during the n-xt month. Prices to-dav, as follows: Fancy and No 1 comb. 24 section cnses, 82.25; No. 2 comb. 24 .section cases, 82 00. Extracted, white, (iwiil4\ Extracted, amber, 5^@6. Beeswax. 30 wait 30 C. C Clemons & Co., March 8. Kansas Citj-, Mo. St. I,ouis — The supply of comb honey has decrea.s- ed considera'ily, and prices are more or less nominal at 13fa>14 for fancy; A No. 1. ]2(ail2i^: No. 1, lOOll. Extracted, 6@6}4, in cans; extracted in barrels, 5(w5l4. R. Hartmann & Co^ Mar. 7. St. I^ouis, Mo. Columbus. — Demand is fair for comb honev, but market is .somewhat easier. White sells from 12@13J^; amber, 10@11. Receipts moderate. Evans & Turner, Mar. 8. Columbus, O. Boston. — We quote as follows: Fancy white. 16;"A No. 1, 1554; No 1. lo-aiS^^. Extracted fancy, white,,8; light amber, 6J^(gi7, according to quality. j Blake, Scott & I,ee, March 7. Boston, Mass. Buffalo. — There is no change of price in honey since our last report. Demanl seems to be a trifle bettfr. Receipts are verv light. F.incv white comb, 13al4: A No. 1. 12(al3: No. 1. ]\>4(dV2y^: iSTo 2, 11*1154; No 3, lO'all: No. 1, dark, 10(a)-ll; No 2, 9'5]0 White extra'-ted. 6}4(S7; amber, 6@6'4; dark, 554(^6. Bees- wax 28 ■ 32. W. C. TowNSEXD, Mar. 8. Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale. — T have a few more cases of comb honey (mostly buckwheat), which I will offer at a red«ced price to close out. N. I, Stevens, R. D. 18, Moravia, N. Y. For Sale.— 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in cases of two new 60-lb. cans each, at 7J4 cts. per lb.; 335-lb. barrels at 7 cts. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R. R. No. 1, Viola, Wis. For .Sale. — Thirty barrels choice extracted white- clover honey Can put it up in any style of package desired. Write for prices, mentioning style of pack- age, and quantity wanted. Sample mailed on receipt of three cents in P. O. stamps. Emil J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale. —Extracted honey. Finest grades for ta- ble use. Prices quoted on application. Sample by mail, 10 cts. to pay for package and postage. Orel I,. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale. — Fancy basswood and white-clover hon- ey: 60 lb cans, 8c; 2 cans or more, 754c; bbls , 7J4c. E. R. Pahl & Co., 294 Broadway. Milwaukee, Wis. For Sale. — Fine extracted honey for table use, in 60-lb. cans. Price for white, single can, 7J4c; two or more, 7c. Amber, one cent less. C. H. Stordock, Durand, Ills. Wanted. — Honey. Selling fancy white. 15c; amber. 13c. We are in the market for either local or car lots of comb honey. Write us. Evans & Turner, Columbus, Ohio. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted — Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — Extra fancv comb honey, about 100 lbs. each in Danz and A}{xi]^ sections, the latter in two- beeway and four-beeway sections. The .-i. I Root Co., Medina, Ohio. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at anytime of the year. Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hildreth & Segelken, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted. — Comb honey. We have an unlimited de- mand for it at the right price. Address, giving (quanti- ty, what gathered from, and lo^vest ca.sh price at your depot. State also how packed. Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111., or Manzanola, Colo. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 29c cash or 31 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St . Chicago, and 10 Vine St.. Philadel- phia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment^ and advise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The A. I. Root Company, Medina, O. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 265 CHas. Israel (Si BrotKers 4SG-40O Canal St., Ne^v YorK. Wholesale Eealers and Commission Merchants in Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. Oonsignments Solicited. KHtahliHlieil IHTfi. STRAWBERRY PLANTS and Seed Potatoes. You can mike more money if yov plant intelligently. Write and tel us about vonr soil. We'll send yoi our FREE DESCRIPTIVE BOOK, over 100 varieties. FLANSBURCH & PEIRSON, Leslie, Mich. 4,000,000 PEACH=TRBES TENNESSEE WHOLESALE NURSERIES. June Buds a Specialty. No agents traveled, but sell direct to planters at wholesale prices. Absolutely free from diseases, and true to name. Write us for catalog and prices before placing your order elsewhere. We guarantee our stock to be true to name. Largest peach nursery in the world. Address J. C. HALE, Winchester, Tenn [PEACH TREES Hardy, fruitful kind.s. Honest vauies, 5c each. Apple trees, oK'C. Concord grapes, 820 per lOOU. Rus- sian Mulberry and Black Looust. »1.40 per 1000. Rambler roses, -ijc. tie orders prepaid. Cataloir free. Gacre County Nuroerloo Hox 64t, Beatrice, .Neb. If a Heavy Horse should run into Page 2!-Bar Poultry Fence it woul stop him. and not damage horse or fence. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO . Adrian, MIcliigan. PRINTING iriOO Note-heads IIXKI Envelopes, XXX, 61-2. . , •250 of either, i\.0O. postpaid. 9X.SO X.-TS Samples and estimates i UEE, BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honey, sections, comb foundation and such other articles used in the apiarv. li'tite for price list. A. W. S'WAN (Sh CO. Centralia, Kan. AGENTS WANTED Our scales make a good line with specialties, imp'eraents. machinery, mill supplies, nursery stock, Sep irators foods, etc. Fii.e catalog, lib- eral c ntract, no expeusf, no experience. Write for full particulars. Act quick. Osgood Scale Co.. 299 C» ntral St., Binghamton, N. Y. f ^^ ^^ ^ from Buff, Barred, and White Ro:-ks; r C .■ \ m ^ Silver liced and White Wvandottes; ^^ ^^ Ruff Orpingtons : Single-comb, Buff, White, and Brown i,egho'ns; Black Spanish; Black Minorras: Red Caps. Silver - spanyled Hamburgs. Pi ice list free. Reference. The A. I. Root Co. The QUALITY POULTRY YARDS, Medina, Ohio. THE POULTRY REVIEW, containing monthly a ) comprehensive review of the he^t poultry papers published ; 50c a year ; with this paper. |1.00 a year. Before subscribing eUewhere get our chibbing rates. The Poultry Review, Dept. IX, Bustleton, Pa. ASTERS o Imstead's White Commercial: They show no cen- ter, glow two feet tall, with blooms six inches across and as -white as snow. They bloom first of August and can be distinguished from chrysat'the- mums only bv experts. I have spent half a life time perfecting this .\ster. It is a cross between the chrysanthemum and several large Asters, and I am offering it direct to planters so they may be sure of getting the true .seed S-nd address for circular, and read " What others say." , , . It shows a large field in bloom, and so plain you can tell just how they look. C. H. OLMSTEAD, East Bloomfield, N. Y. Mr. Olmsteads Asters are all that he claims, being the lari;e-.l and most beaittiful we have ever seen.— Editor Vicks kamily .Magazine. Mr. Olmstead sent us a few sample blooms of his Asters and they certainly are the finest thing in that line we ever saw: in fact, I did not before know it was possible for Asters to be grown of such size and beauty.— A. I. Root. 1 <) O 4. T^X. la J \V TAYLORS record-breakers. The> are three- handed leather-colored Italians. They have broken all records as honey gatherers. I have made a specialty of Queen-breedinp for ten years to secure the best bees, and "untested 75 cts , or J'^.IX) a dozen; tested, $1.^5 each; select tested,'*1.75;each. Breeders, th«" best, $4.00 each. I have three vards, and can till all orders bv return mail. I Guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction. J. E. Atchley savs the finest queen he ever owned he bought from me. Try one. J. W. TAYLOR. Ozan, Ark. BEE - SUPPLIES EXCLUSIVELY. A complete line of Lewis' Fine Bee-supplies, Dadant's Foundation, Bingham's Original Patent Smokers and Knives, Root's Extractors, Gloves, Veils, etc. Queen bets and nuclei in season. In fact, anything needed in the " Bee-line " at Factory Prices here in Cincinnati, where prompt service is yours, and freight rates are lowest. Special discount lor early orders. Send for Catalog. U/ye FRED W. MUTH CO. [We are successors to nobody, and nobody is successor to us.] 51 WALNUT STREET, ^ ^ CINCINNATI, OHIO. 266 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1873.] D^ivoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CAIvVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. Iv. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms: |1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50 ; three years, |2.00 ,■ five vears, $i.OO, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discozitinuances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwife we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, and will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like tnis plan may have his journal stopped aft<=r the time paid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISllS^G RA-TES. Column width, 2% inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Nefj. 2.50 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 IPOO lines® 14 2000 lines® 12 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 2A " 40 Page Rates {Nei). 1 page $40 00 1 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 2.5 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 60 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Clrctilatloii Ai^erag-e for 1903, 18.666. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col., President. C. P. Dadant, HaraiLon, 111 , Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, Los Angeles. Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. HUTCHINSOX, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, lyoveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DOOLITTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. CONVENTION NOTICES. The Northern Michigan bee-keepers will hold their annual convention March 30, 31, in Montague Hall. No. 127 Front St., Traverj^e City, Mich. We expect a large number of bet-keepers to attend. See editorial in the Bee-keepers'' Review for December. Read that, and then come to the convention, and bring your neighbor bee-keepers. A. I. Root will be present, nothing pre- venting. G. H. Kirkpatrick, Pres. Rapid City, Michigan. The Executive Committee of the Bingham and Fre- mont Counties Bee-keepers' Association met in special session, and the following resolution was passed : — ! " Be it resolved that, in the death of Dr. B. F. Jones, our honored secretary, we lose an efficient officer, pro- gressive bee keeper and devoted friend — one who for several years has made the study of the honey-bee, the raising of queens, and the production of fancy comb and extracted honey a specialty ; that we offer our condolence to the bereaved wife and farailj', and that this resolution be spread upon the minutes of the As- {■ociation, and that a copy of the same be sent to the family." Alma Olson, Sec. Lorenzo, Idaho, Feb. 20. Our Advertisers and Advertising. The attention of our subscribers is called to the change of address of the Plymouth Rock Squab Co. Please notice that they are now located at 2819 Atlantic Ave., Boston. They will occupy much larger and bet- ter quarters than before, the change being made nee essary by the large increase of their business. See their ad. on page 2(59 The growing of squabs is ex- citing much attention all over the country during the past few months. Years before Mr. Duane H. Nash, of Milli"gton, N. J., whose advertisement appeal son page 297, this is- sue, began to advertise in Gleanings, A. I Root wrote the following in " What to Do, and How to be Happy While Doing It." " I prefer the Acme pulverizing harrow to any other I have ever used, because of the cutting motion of the knives, which chop every thing up, but never catch and break the machine, or jerk the horses unmercifully. You can run it over roots or stones or brush, long manure or corn-stalks and it cuts them to pieces like taking a long butcher- knife and slashing it repeatedly across the article to be worked up fine." Better send to Nash for his booklet. W^HEEL SENSE. The Electric Wheel Co., of Quincy, 111., has issued an attractive booklet, setting forth some good practi- cal sense on the subject of wagon wheels. It presents in a forciable manner the advantages of the Electric wheels; shows their strong, substantial construction, and presents the case in such a way that one can hard- ly fail to be convinced of their value. The proposition is really simple. A low wagon is certainly more easi- Iv loaded than a high wagon. A wide lire will not cut into fields and roads, rutting them up as does the narrow tire. A metal wheel marie after the manner of the Electric certainly will outwear two or three wooden wheels and save you repair bills as long as they last. We hope our readers will send for the book and read the story for themselves. NOT IN THE TRUST. The oldest bee-suppl}' house in the East. Sells the BEST GOODS at former prices. .Send for Catalog*. J. H. M. COOK, 70 Cortlandt St., New YorK City. Succeeded to t)ie busintss of A. J. King, Dec. 14, 18y . Slate Hive-Covers. — I will furni.sh most durable and perfect slate hive-covers, 17x21 inches, at §15 00 per 100. 13x21 inches, 813 00 per 100 In lots of 20, 16 and 14 cts. each. Large lots at special prices. B. F. AvERiLL, Howardsville, Va. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 267 I. J. Stringham, New York, keeps in stock several car-loads of Apiarian Supplies of the latest pat- terns. and would be pleased to mail you his 1904 catalog. Bees in season. Apiaries, Glen Cove, L. I. Sales Rooms, 105 Park PI., New York. ►♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^ Very Lo^v-rate Excursions to the "West, North -west, and «SolltH^vest via n WABASH Tickets on sale every day during March and April to San Francisco, I0 to 75 per cent cf the bees dead — some all dead. New York seems to have sustained the heaviest losses; then next in order [ would place Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indi- ana, Wisconsin, and the New England Slates. Illinois does n3t seem to have had very severe losses, although some bee keep- ers have had a good many bees die. Io,va seems to show up well. In Missouri, and in most of the States west of the Mississip- pi and east of the Rockies, the winter has been very favorable, and the bees are in prime condition. There have been some losses in West Virginia, but most of the other States south of the Ohio River will show good wintering. But now let it be understood, the places where los ies were very h iavy seemed to be confined almost entirely to outdoor- wintered bees. I do not remember to have had a single report out of the large number re- ceived when there was bad wintering in cellars or repiositories. A few bee-keepers in all the regions where losses h ive been extremely he.iv}' report excellent wintering outdoors. Among the number is J. B. Hall, of Woodstcck, Canada. Whether these losses will affect the clover market next summer remains to be seen. Since the first of March the weather has moderated very materially over the country — just enough to give occasional flights in warm localities, but cool enough to prevent brood-rearing going on to any extent. WINTERING IN THE MACHINE-SHOP CELLAR; IMt-ORTANCE OF VENTILATION. SoMK question has been raised whether it is advisable or desirable to ventilate a bee-cellar at night during moderate or mug- gy weather, closing the doors in the morn- ing. We have been pursuing that very policy with our bees wintered in the ma- chine-shop basement. And what are the results to-day? Appearances indicate that the bees are coming out in fine condition. The dead ones on the cellar bottom can al- most be Counted, so few are they. The clusters ar ■ quiet, clean, and health}', and contentment reigns supreme, notwithstand- ing the temperature outside to-day is about 50. We have tried this over and over; and if we do not ventilate during warm spells they become uneasy. Can it be we are mistaken in this belief that ventilation is an important factor in cellaring bees? I can hardly see how it is possible. The results, after several win- ters, are so gratifying that I am rather in- clined to the opinion that we shall winter indoors exclusively in the future. So quiet have the bees been this winter it has not been necessary so far to carry them out and give them a flight, and return them, as we did last year. I miif >•>• « ■ THE Q. B. LEWIS CO. President and Interior Factory Views. The following- write-up with the illustra- tions of the G. B. Lewis Co. 's manufactur- ing plant appeared in the American Bee Journal for Feb. 18. We take pleasure in presenting the same in our own columns, not because we are interested in their busi- ness financially (for we are not), but be- cause we are always glad to recognize an honorable and fair competitor who is hus- tling for business everywhere. After the traveler, bound for St. Paul, leaves Mil- waukee he sinks back in his comfortable seat bidding farewell to all signs of activity until he shall reach his destination in the morning. As he leaves Watertown Station and cro.sses the Rock River, he sees on its banks a large building lighted up by thousands of electiic lights, with smoke issuing in dense volumes from its chimneys. He hears a mighty rumble of ma- chinery above the rush of the train, and in an instant he is past. This great build ng which the traveler has seen but for a moment, with a large warehouse, office- building, and three immense lumber-yards near by, comprise the bee-hive plant of the G. B I.,ewis Co , one of the two largest in the world, given over to the exclusive manufacture of bee-keepers' supplies, known far and wide to the honey-producing population wf this country, Europe, and the entire world, and yet never heard of by many at their own door, who are still strangers to the busy bee. Five floors compose the main factory. A miniature railroad runs into the ground floor, transporting the lumber in its early stages from the yards to the plan- ers. In this department the wood is partially pre- pared, being planed for hives, polished for sections. GEO. C. LEWIS, PRESIDENT. and by means of an electric elevator is carried to the floors above, where operations are completed later on. On the next floor below is found the iron-working department where the boring is done, saws are kept in sliape by help hired for this purpose alone, and where special machines are constructed. On the third floor is found the bee hive department, where hundreds of saws sing from earl}? morning till late at night. Here the hive parts are made. On the next floor above, the long basswood strips are sawed into correct lengths, and girls seated at benches sort the.se into different giades. The sections are also manufactured, crated, and mark- ed here, and finally sent down a long chute to wagons below, where they are put into storage or loaded on trains. In this portion of the factory are also made the woven wood and wire boxes in which bee-supplies are packed. This method of packing has characterized the Ii beyond where it mingles with the hum of the bees that profit by its toil. Conveniently locat- ed is this la- ge industry, ea-ily accessible to the lum- ber regions of Northern WisC' nsin and Minnesota. In the year 1903, 800 cars of basswood, elm, poplar, and pine were shipped into Watertown and switched on to the G. B. Lewis Company's private tracks. To the average layman this seems enough wood to supply sufficiently the bre-ket pers of a continent. To arrive approximately at the bu-iness that is done by this company in a fair season, the following facts covering the year just past may be of interest : 50 car- load order- alone, and 10 COO smaller orders as well were entered and shipped: 10 tons of comb founda- tion, thousands of hives, and 15.000,000 sections were sold. The sections alone, if placed unfolded in a straight line, would more than reach from Chirago to San Franci co. This concern now occupies in the business world a 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 281 prominence envied by many, and enjoys a reputation justly earned. lis succe.-s is largf ly due to the modern and liberal methods employed by its officers, who ex- emplify the o'd aiage, that "L,ibrrality begets liber- ality."' At the helm of this in titution is found Mr. George C. Lewis, its president, who has had the active management of the bu-iness for years. Mr. Lewis, whose portrait appears in this is>ue, is the son of the late G. B. Lewis. He is a young man of lare business sagacity, energetic, of high integrity, and thoroughly alive to the be.-t interests of his company and its cus- tomers. George C. Lewis is well known, and occu- pies a position of prominence among the leading manufacturers of b'e supplies. The Lewis Company givts employment toover 100 people, and now, while the flowers and buds have not yet arrived, and the bees are ,>-till sleeping, and the gfround is covered with snow, all banc's are working, toiling, sweating. Day and niyht taust ttiey labor, office and factory alike, and voices are even now heaid calling loudest of all the jobber, the wholesaler'next, and even the murmur of the beekteper himself is h ard in the distance, increasing as spring approaches until it drowns out the noise of hi.s sw arming bees. Having bfen in this hive of industry we can person- ally testify to its greatness arid superior qualities in every way G. B. Lewis are. and have bt en for years, am iDg our regular advertisers. Their goods and honorible dealing testify to their popularity as well as reliability. VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY. BY PROF. A. J. COOK. I was much interested in the article on vegetable physiology, Gleanings for Jan. 15. While I recognize the fact that nega- ^/H^T FLOOR 282 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. M^R. IS tive testimony is never to be regarded as very conclusive, yet I have such a preoon- derance of such in this matter of nectar se- cretion by plants outside of floral or extra- floral glands that I must express much doubt in the matter. I have been looking intently now^ for many years to gain evi- dence that plants secrete nectar over the general surface of either tvs^igs or leaves. I have never seen any such evidence. I be- lieve the fungus ergot does secrete nectar. If so, it contradicts the statement made in the article that chlorophyll is necessary to the formation of nectar. Ergot is one of the fungi, and has no chlorophyll in its cells. I am quite of the opinion that all nectar se- cretion by plants is either in the flowers or from nectar-glands outside, as seen so well in the partridge pea and even in the cotton- plant. In all other cases, so. far as I have observed, the so-called honey- dew comes from insects. The late Mr. Meahan and I had a warm discussion some years ago on this subject. He contended that the honey- dew came from the general surface of the plants, and was a product of them. I urged the proposition that it was secreted by either aphids or coccids. I besought Mr. Meahan to send me specimens, which he was kind enough to do. The specimens 1«H GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 283 were pine twigs from Oreg-on, and these were heavily coated with solid incrustations of sugar. I was much pleased on examin- ing them to find very strong circumstantial evidence, almost as good as finding a fish in milk. This evidence consisted in the finding of the cast skins of aphids scatter- ed among the sugar deposits. I think Mr. M. was convinced, as he dropped the dis- cussion at once and never took it up again. In visiting Clouds' Rest, one of the high- est peaks in the Yosemite region, we found magnificent pines crowning the lofty sum- mit. It was about midday as we passed under these great trees. As we looked up through the foliage, great drops of delicious honey-dew were almost multitudinous. So plenteous was this that it was easy for us to get enough for thoroughly sampling the nectar. The ground beneath was thickly strown with the same liquid sweet. At first the lower branches which we could reach from our horses showed no insects, though the honey-dew was very plenteous. A closer search, however, soon found the numerous plant-lice, the source of this abundant honey-dew. I saw no bees at all, and wished that I might have an apiary there to glean this nectar, which was bound to shine unseen and waste its fragrance on the mountain air. If any reader of Glean- ings ever finds undoubted honey-dew as a product of vegetation I should be very thankful to receive specimens. :'^:::Hbi ■jB^jlijttfil'^'i^- ' ''-i^B^^^^^^I :^mm i#w ^fefi' li .:;/ -""iliiili^'..:,, : iS •"3 OFFrCirmmGER ORDER D£P7l i 284 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 THE LATE CAPTAIN HETHERINGTON. r^Jwas very much piined to read in the American Bee Journal and Gleanings of the death of this prince of bee keepers. I think we may well say that he stood at the head. He was, indeed, a g'reat man, and I feel richer for having- known him. I met him several times, and especially at his brother's, in East Saginaw. I knew his brother even better than I knew him. These men were remarkable for their abil- ity, for their neatness and system, for their inventive genius, and, best of all, for their clean character. They were also very modest men. One had to know them long and well to appreciate their beautiful man- ly characters. I have rarely known men whom I loved and respected more. Surely American apiculture has met a great loss. Claremont, Cal. grees there is a theoretical point of tempera- ture at which, if the cluster could be kept, the bees would be dormant, requiring- neither food nor air. In actual practice that point of temperature may never be maintained, but it can be approximated. One trouble is that the center of the cluster will diifcr from the outer part. If the surrounding atmosphere be kept at 50, any slight motion of the bees will run the ce?iter oi the cluster above 50, inciting- to m )re motion; hence more food, more air. Experience seems to show that, if the sur- rounding atmosphere be held at a point somewhere about 45 degrees, very little food and air will be needed to bring the cluster up to 50, and only enough will be consumed to hold it at that point (Please understand that I don't say that 50 is the exact point of greatest quietude; I don't INDOOR WINTER VENTILATION. Few Broad Principles that will Assist One to Solve some of the Conflicting Opinions. BY DR. C. C. MILLER. A correspondent who has kept bees most of the time for 65 years, is familiar with the bee-books and bee-journals of the day, and, being a careful observer, has learned many things about bees, confesses himself all at sea with regard to the subject of " winter ventilation." I don't wonder. One says upward ventilation, another says cov- ers hermetically sealed; one says this, another says that. Let us begin at the beginning and see if we can reconcile some of the apparently conflicting- views. Bees consume food to produce heat or motion. The food is fuel, and there must be air to burn the fuel. Somewhere in the neighborhood of 50 de- know what it is; but let us call it 50 for short.) That is, less will be required to bring up the ne essary heat if the tempera- ture be a little too low than to support the motion if the temperature be a little too high. With the foregoing- as a basis, we are ready to consider some points as to the air supply. There must always be a sufficient amount of air to balance the food consumed, otherwise there will be suffocation. There may be too little air; there can not be too much //it be of the right temperature, for the bees will consume no more than they need. In the cellar we can, tj a certain extent, control the temperature surrounding the hives; and if the air in the cellar be pure, and approximately of the right temperature, our chief care will be to see that enough air is introduced into each hive. There is no fear of too much; neither does it matter how 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 285 it be introduced, if only there be enough. If the bottom be sufficiently open, the top may be hermetically sealed; if the top be sufliciently open, the bottom may be her- meticall}' sealed. My first cellar winter- ing- was with box hives; and, following the lead of Quinb}', I turned them upside down, making them hermetically sealed at bottom and entirely open at top. To-day my hives in the cellar are sealed at top, and pretty wide open at bottom — a two inch space un- der bottom-bars with entrance two by twelve inches. A much smaller opening will an- swer if there be an opening above and be- low, as in the case of a comparatively small entrance below with a crack above, the cov- er being held up by a nail laid flat under it. Outdoors we can not control the tempera- ture of the surrounding air, and must meet conditions as well as we can. In a severe climate measures must be taken to make the hive warm, so as to lessen the demand on the bees for keeping up the heat. The change of air in the hive is. in general, caused by the fact that the warmer air in the hive is lighter than the outer air. In a mild climate with no strong winds, a large entrance at bottom, with every thing else closed, may do almost as well as in the cel- lar. In a cold climite, such free entrance would allow more air than needed, the ex- tra amount only causing more consumption with its attendant ills. In a perfectly still atmosphere this would not be so bad; but let a strong wind prevail and the rapid cooling would make too great a demand on the bees. A hedge or fence may protect against these winds, and the matter may be helped in another way — contract the en- trance below and leave a small crack above. With a crack above, an entrance of two square inches would allow as much change of air under most circumstances, during a perfect calm, as an entrance of twenty inch- es without the crack above; while a strong wind would have comparatively little effect upon the two-inch entrance as compared with its effect on the twenty-inch entrance. The point is, that the small entrance be- low with the crack above produces a con- stant passage of air that can never be great at any one time, and reduces the ill effects of a strong wind to a minimum. A cushion of chaff or other absorbent ma- terials, as they are called, over the brood- nest, is supposed to allow the air to pass through all its parts slowly, although ex- periments across the water seem to show that the benefit comes from the non conduct- ing cushion retaining the heat, the air not passing through the cushion but through the cracks at the edges of the cushion. One advantage of the cushion overhead is that it keeps relatively warm, and so the moisture from the bees does not congeal up- on it and fall in chilling drops upon the cluster. I resist the temptation to enter at length upon giving the why of the conflicting opin- ions of those who are equally successful with apparently opposite plans, or unequal- ly successful with precisely the same plans. A careful application of the principles here given will probably help to solve most of such problems. For example, my correspondent says that, for many years, he wintered without the loss of a colony that had enough honey with every thing sealed above, and an entrance of one and a half square inches, adding: "And I was in a zero country, too, where the mercury occasionally went down to 20 degrees below zero, and was frequently be- low zero for several days in succession. Now I am told by bee men, bee books, and bee- papers, that there must be ' upward ven- tilation.' Can you tell me how this is? what upward ventilation is? and how it can be had without an ' upward draft of air,' which is forbidden?" And, although he does not say so, I suspect that he finds that the plan that worked so well in a colder cli- mate will not work so well in the warmer climate of Southern Missouri. As already explained, the change of air in the hive is caused by the difference of temperature inside and outside the hive: the greater that difference, the more rapid the change. In his former location the cold was so great that a one-and-a-half inch en- trance changed the air as rapidly as the bees used it: where he is now, the bees will suffer without a larger entrance unless the change be aided by a crack above. "Upward ventilation," as the term is generally used, means the passage of air through the hive by means of a small open- ing or openings above. It can not be had without an "upward draft of air." He who sa3's an upward draft of air is forbid- den, probably means that there must be no upward passage of the air more rapid than needed by the bees. Marengo, 111. [I take it, doctor, that you are a firm be- liever in ventilation of some form in the cellar. Some of our leading successful bee- keepers, however, have argued for almost no ventilation. As Mr. A. C. Miller point- ed out some little time ago, probably some of these non ventila.tor winter- repositories were constructed in such a way that a large amount of air would percolate through the sides enough to maintain the necessary quiet in the hives. — Ed] A mat to Queen-breeders ; an Interesting Article. BY E. F. PHILLIPS. In works on apiculture and in bee-journals we continually see the word "fertilization;" and since the word is used in two entirely different meanings it may be well to define it and explain more fully what takes place during each act. We say that a queen is fertilized when she takes her marriage-flight and meets a drone, and that a worker egg 286 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 is fertilized as it passes down the oviduct of the queen; and it is evident that the vrord is used with entirely different significance in the two cases. Let us first define the word as used in connection with the marriag-e-flight. The queen flies from the hive, circles in the air, first in small and then in larger circles, then suddenly starts upward followed by the drones. This much is easily seen; but no one has, I believe, been able to describe any more of the flight. The queen returns to the hive later, carrying with her the cop- ulatory organ of the drone, and after a lit- tle this is ejected. The essential part is, however, that her spermatheca, or seminal receptacle, is filled with spermatozoa during the marriage-flight. The number of these has been estimated at from two to twenty million, and it is at least certain that she receives enough so that she can keep on lay- ing worker eggs for four or five years. The spermatozoa are the essential things in this fertilization, and not the fluid in which they float, and these do not divide or increase in number in any way after they enter the queen. A question that comes to mind in this connection is, whether the queen takes more than one marriage- flight. We do know she takes sever- al small pre- -in.Tc p a r a to r y flights, and I have been „ . . . . recently in- .— Egg of ASCARIS ]ust after matura- J! 3 . „ n; f n, female nucleus ; m n, maJe lui incu uy a. nucleus. HI an whom I consider a careful observer that he has seen the same queen enter her hive two or three times with the male organs hanging to her. This is a thing which all queen-breeders •hould know positively, and there is but one way to find out. The text-books say •he meets but one drone, and we will pre- sume that they are probably right; but it is not positively settled, it seems. The way to test this is to get down by the hive every afternoon during the time of flight, and stay there until the queen is seen to fly and return. If she enters one day with the organs attached, and these are removed be- fore noon the next day, and then she flies again and returns with the organs cf an- other drone, it is conclusive proof that she has met more than one. It will not do to guess or theorize about this, and no one has a right to express an opinion on this in a public way unless he has actually stayed by the hive all afternoon for several days, and would then be willing to swear by his observations. If any of the readers of this journal have the patience and interest to try this I should be glad to hear of it; and I will myself, during the coming summer. FlQ.l tion take up the observation, and report. It will be admitted by all, I think, that in too many things we are willing to take the word of seme one else without being sure that his observations are careful; and it is very desirable to get as m2iny facts as pos- sible on this subject^/at/i concerning which there is no room for doubt. The fertilization of an e^^ is an entirely different phe- nomenon. As the egg ccmes down the ovi- duct of the queen it passes the entrance of the spermathe- ca; and if it is to be a worker egg it receives from the sper- matheca 07ie spermatozoon through the opening in the end next to the ovary, called the micropyle. This one spermatozoon car- ries with it the hereditary influences from the male parent; and, although very small in comparison with the egg, yet it contains just as many of the carriers of heredity as does the egg which comes from the ova- ry of the queen. I myself have never seen the fertilization of a bee's egg; but the phe- nomenon has been most accurately observed on manyeggs, and I will describewhat takes place in the eggs of the parasitic round worm from the intestine of the horse, Ascaris tnegalocephela, where I have repeatedly ob- ser%'ed it. This is preferable for two rea- sons: First, the mechanics of fertilization are more simple; and, second, the observa- tion has been made on this by many zoolo- gists, and is reliable. There is every rea- son to suppose that it is exactly what takes place in every animal, for so far no one has found a case which differs. The unfertilized egg of Ascaris has a nu- -/tixTV., Fig. 2.— Egg of Ascaris just later than Fig. 1. Fig. 3. — Egg of Ascaris, later than Fig. 2 ; chromosomei being gathered together. cleus which contains four bodies called chromosomes. They are, however, broken up into finer divisions; but the egg then en- ters upon a series of changes called the maturation of the egg, and then these chro- mosomes become definite in shape, and can be easily counted. In the maturation, two 1904 CI,EAXINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 287 of these chromosomes are thrown out of the eg-R-, and perish, leaving two in the mature egg-, or just half the previous number. The process of maturation is a very complicated one, but it is not necessary to give more than the final result. During the process of maturation the spermatozoon, or male cell, enters the e^^, and its nucleus also contains broken-up chromosomes. As soon as the maturation is completed, the male nucleus and g^^., or female nucleus, move toward each other, and the chromosomes take definite shape, and then we see that each nucleus has two chromosomes. These then unite, and the &^^ goes on developing, and from this time on /our chromosomes are always seen. Now, it is held by many careful observ- ers that these chromosomes are the carriers of hereditary influences; and it is evident that there is an equal amount in the egg from each of the two parents. The fertilization of an &gg, then, consists in the uniting of two aggregations of hered- itary influences, and with this union comes a stimulus to growth. When fertilization is not to take place, as in the drone eggs of the bee, the normal number of chromosomes is retained in the egg, and none are neces- sary from the spermatozoon; and, as a re- sult, one parent furnishes all the hereditary influences. Since, then, as much of the hereditary in- fluence comes from the male as from the fe- male, in the case of worker and queen eggs, it is just as necessary to use judg- ment in the choice of the males as is used for the females. Pig. 4.— Egg of Abcarir just before union of the two nuclei; chromof omes no longer broken up. If I have not made the description as clear as it might be made, it may be that it will not be evident to all the readers of this just what takes place during fertilization; but one thing I want to state as strongly as possible, and that is, that the male influ- ence is as great as the female; and to raise good bees you must have good drones. I state this emphatically, because I have within a week or so of the writing of this heard of at least one queen-breeder who is not as careful in this matter as he should be; and it is no doubt true that there are others equally negligent. I can say this and condemn the carelessness, because the man himself does not know that I know the facts, and I will see to it that no one finds out fr m me who he is; but if it should hap- pen that the shoe fits any one reading this paper it is hoped that it will be worn, and, for the sake of the science of apiculture, that more care will be exercised. Philadelphia, Pa. To be Continued. FEEDING UNFINISHED SECTIONS OUTDOORS; A CAUTION. I have a lot of unfinished sections on hand, also some cases of dark unsalable honey, and have started to feed, to have young bees out early. Our bees here swarm from the end of April until June; that is, the first swarms. Do you think it a good plan to feed thus? I put a cover on top, and let the bees go in the length of one side of the super from the bottom, just a bee- space. R. Williams. Grass Valley, Cal. [You can feed honey this way, but you need to be very cautious or you will have an uproar among the bees on account of rob- bing. I would advise putting such unfin- ished sections in a hive and then contract the entrance down so that only about one or two bees can pass at a time. Where a large number can rush upon a large amount of sweet like this at a time it causes a stampede and general robbing throughout the yard, the trouble being very greatly ag- gravated after the honey is all gone. You can feed your extracted, but I would advise diluting it down with water so that it is little more than sweetened water. — Ed.] EGGS IN THE SUPERS OF SHALLOW HIVES. I notice that you are recommending the Danzenbaker hive, which has frames still shallower than the Dovetailed. Isn't the queen more apt to lay eggs in the sections when on shallow frames than if deeper ones were used? I use the eight-frame Dovetail- ed hive, and use some honey-boards, which seem to hinder the bees more or less from working in supers. Isn't there some way to keep the queen from going into the sec- tions without the use of honey-boards? Some bee-keepers advise me to get deeper brood-frames. Would a deeper frame than the Hoffman prevent this trouble? Mt. Carroll, 111. H. C. Daggert. [The Danzenbaker hive has practically the same cubic capacity as the regular eight-frame Langstroth. While the frames are a little shallower than the L., they are not enough shallower to force eggs or brood 288 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 up into the supers. Queen-excluders are not generally used in the production of comb honey, as their use is not found neces- sary, except in some localities with some bees; but they are almost indispensable in the production of extracted honey. While some bee-keepers get along without them, the great majority find them a great con- venience in that the honey is confined to the supers, and the brood to the lower part of the hive. — Ed.] A HANDY HIVE-CARRIER. I am sending you a hive-carrier. I used it in putting in my own bees, and find it much easier work with the carrier, as I can carry them into the cellar and pile them up without setting them down. It does away with a lot of heavy lifting. With it I can tier up the hives in double rows with backs six to eight inches apart, and four inches apart in the rows. The carrier sent is made for ten-frame bottom-boards, 22 in. long, but will pick up boards up to 23'-^ in. just as well. It is the only one I have made, and can be improved; but you will be able to tell whether or not anj- thing as good or better has been gotten up before now. The material cost about SO cts. Oshkosh, Wis. H. E. Greenwood. [We have tried this carrier, and find that it bites on to the bottom-board very nicely. The mere act of lifting up on the handles or levers produces a powerful pressure through the toggle joint and second lever on the front of the board. As soon as the handles are let go of, the lifting-device in- stantly releases itself. This tool would be handy in piling hives up in tiers. — Ed.] CUTTING BEE-TRERS — A CAUTION. A subscriber sends us the following clip- ping from the Tioga, N. Y., Herald: when this country was new, a man who found a bee-tree in the woods was allowed to claim it, cut the tree, and take the honey, and bee -trees are generally regarded in that light as free plunder. However, re- cently in a neighboring countv two men who cut a bee-tree and secured 125 lbs. of' honey were arrested by the owner of the property. The case was tried in court. The men were compelled to pay $10 i each for trespass, |5 for cutting the tiee, and $20 for the honey. No one should think of cutting a bee-tree, nor any other kind of tree, without first getting the full consent of the owner. Tim- ber and timber land are of far greater value at the present time than when the country was new. — Ed. THE FEASIBILITY OF PUTTING A COMB- HONEY SUPER BETWEEN THE BROOD- SECTIONS OF A SECTIONAL BEE- HIVE. If I hive a swarm in a brood-chamber composed of two shallow extracting-supers filled with shallow extracting-frames (and starters) and, in three to five days, when some comb is built for the queen to lay in, I lift up the upper one and place a super oi sections on, and put theliftedup part back on this super of sections, thus putting sec- tions in between the two divisions, what will be the result as to obtaining comb hon- ey? I do not remember reading of any such experiment. R. A. Whitfield. Weathersby, Miss. [We have tried the plan described, but have not found it to be very satisfactory. One objection is that pollen and brood are liable to be crowded into the sections; and another one seems to be that the bees do not like to have the brood-apartment separated by a mass of h ney. We tried it on a num- ber of colonies some years ago, but the re- sults were very disappointing in more ways than one. — Ed.] WINTERING A LA BARBER WITHOUT VENTI- LATION IN A CELLAR. I notice an article by Mr. Ira Barber, on cellar wintering without ventilation I have wintered my bees in the same way Mr. Barber speaks of, for ten years, and have had very good luck. I partitioned ofF a space with paper sheeting to keep out the light. The spring of 1903 1 had 27 colonies in the cellar, and lost two; one was queen- less, and one died by starvation last spring, I put into the cellar 52, and lost one that was (jueenless. Now, if you make Mr. Barber a visit I should like to have you look into my cellar, as I live about four miles from his old yard. J. S. Dean. Rensselaer P^alls, N. Y. [I shall be glad to call upon you if I can get away. — Ed.] BLEACHING HONEY, ETC. I should like to inquire if there is any known method of bleaching highly colored honey so that it can be made to look white or nearly so. I should also like to know if one-gallon friction top tin cans are not just as good for extracted honey in the market as 60 lb. cans providing the cost is no more. Dexter, Me. A. R. Bodge. [Comb honey can be bleached to a consid- erable extent by exposure to sunlight, sub- dued by some white screen in hot weather. If you refer to extracted, I know of no meth- od by which it can be bleached except to mix it with some white honey, and, as a rule, this would be poor business policy. The two honeys sold separately for what they would bring will net the seller more money than the mixed product. Some un- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 289 scrupulous buyers and sometimes bee-keep- ers have resorted to putting the glucose into dark honey to improve its appearance and flavor. But the skilled chemist is able to detect unerringly such bogus mixtures. Certainly a one-gallon square can is as good as a five-gallon if it can be bought at the same price. As yet, that condition is very unusual. — Ed.] the inside with wax or paraffine. Melt 2 lbs. of paraffine; pour it into the bunghole; drive in the bung; roll the barrel around, and end it up; then pour out the remainder, but be careful or the bung will fly as soon as you begin to loosen it. — Ed.] CONTROLLING SWARMING DURING THE AB- SENCE OF THE APIARIST. Will you please tell me how to manage my bees during swarming? I have about ten stands, and have other employment that compels me to be absent from 7 a. m. to 6 p. M. each day. Some say, clip your queens; then when they swarm have some one of the family re- move the old hive, and place a new one in its place. This does not answer my case, as no one in my family will go about the bees. Others say, shake them. This will not do for me, as I have tried it on three colonies this year, and every one was a failure, the bees leaving their hive a day or two afterward G. J. Sturm. Flora, 111., Dec. 26. [I scarcely know what plan to recommend to you if you are not so situated as to use the shake-out or clipped-wing plan; but you can hardly condemn the former method un- til you have tried it on a little more extend- ed scale. If you will be content to produce some extracted and some comb honey, make the colonies very strong, in large hives. Such will not be apt to swarm. As a fur- ther precaution I would advise having tne queen's wings clipped. While, perhaps, there will be no one at home to take care of the bees in case they come out, some mem- ber of your family could report that such and such a hive had cast a swarm. This would make it necessary for you either to shake the bees into the new hive on the old stand or divide them up; for a colony that attempts once to swarm is pretty sure to carry out its intent if thwarted. — Ed.] IS IT ADVISABLE TO STORE HONEY IN OIL- BARRELS? Would it be safe to store extracted honey in Wesson oil barrels? If so, how should they be treated to prevent them from impart- ing any flavor to the honey? Would ko nut barrels be preferable to Wesson oil-barrels? W. H. LiTTLEJOHN. Battle Creek, Mich. [I would not advise you to store honey in oil-tanks or oil- barrels of any kind. You will be sure to ruin the honey. The other barrels I do not know much about, but I do not think it would be wise to try them. Honey is very susceptible, and readily takes on flavors already in wooden packages. Your better way is to use new barrels or square tin cans. You can use second-hand alcohol or whisky barrels, but they should be thoroughly washed out, then coated on ELECTRIC OR PHOSPHORESCENT SPARKS FROM BEES. I wish to call attention to a phenomenon I observed one evening last fall in connec- tion with my bees — one that I have never seen mentioned concerning them. One dark evening I had occasion to disturb a colony. The night being warm, quite a number poured out on the board, and ran about ex- citedly in great rage, and I distinctly no- ticed several sparks of some form of elec- tricity or phosphorescence. Whether this was due to heat, friction, or excitement, or some spontaneous action, I can not say; but I am satisfied I observed the flashes or glow of light. You may smile at this; but if any one has ever noticed this phenomenon before I should like to hear of it. Kan., Feb. 15. W. S. H. [The light that you saw ^nay have been something of the nature of phosphorescence; but if there has been any thing if this kind that has ever before been observed in a hive I have seen no reports of it. I shall be glad to get reports from others. You will remember there was an old joke that went the rounds of the press, and every now and then bobs up as something nevy under the sun, to the efi'ect that a certain scientist had made the wonderful discovery that bees and lightning bugs could be crossed so that the bees could work by night as well as by day. I do not suppose your bees were this kind of hybrids. If your letter did not bear the marks of evi- dent sincerity, I should think you were try- ing to get off another lightning-bug joke. — Ed.] how to make zinc numbering-tags. Referring to tags (see Straws, Dec. 1), I use zinc tags prepared as follows: Dip the zinc in melted beeswax so as to secure a thin covering of wax. After it has cooled, with a metal stylus write your figures in the wax, then fill the etching with muriatic acid. Allow it to eat into the z'mc for two minutes, then plunge in water; afterward scrape off the wax, and you have a durable inexpensive tag. H. I. Larcombe. Bettsville, Md. CAPTAIN HETHKRINGTON'S DEATH MOURN- ED IN EUROPE. The death of Capt. Hetherington, that prince of American bee-keepers, as you call him, very much affected us. We always have much esteem for all Americ ms, and veterans more especially, and we feel as if a friend in the great family of bee- keepers were wanting. Now another one is gone home. P. J. Baldenspergek. Nice, France. 290 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 OUR HOMES, BY A. I. R O OT. Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the l,ord. — James 5:14. Ever since I began reading the Bible carefully and prayerfully I have wondered that there is so little said in it regarding caring for the sick, curing disease, etc. Of course, there were prophets in the olden time who healed by word or touch; but even when God dealt directly with his children, there seems to be an absence of any specif- ic directions for the care of these bodies cf ours. Among the ten commandments given to Moses there is one that says, "Honor thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long upon the land," etc. This is a re- mote reference to the matter of health and length of life; but, if I am correct, it is the only one of the commandments that reallj' has much to say about the matter. The Bible fceems to be especially devoted to the moral and spiritual health of humanity. But for all this it has seemed strange to me that the all-seeing Father should not have told us more about what his wishes are in the way of using remedies, and regarding the whole matter of healing the sick. Later on, when Jesus came down from his home in heaven because of his love and sympathy for poor humanity, while he gave rules and laid down directions without number for our moral and spiritual up-building, he has, I have sometimes thought, almost avoided either discussing or indorsing the common methods of healing the sick. Of course, it is true no medicines or remedies were ever needed whenever he was near, for he was the great healer, the one physician who never lost a patient. But why did he not give us seme specific rules that might be a help to us after he had gone back to his heavenly home? It is evident the Bible is not in any sense a '''' doctor book." There "are various places where we are told to pray when in trouble of any kind; and our text is clear and distinct in regard to this matter. But the words of the text are not the words of Jesus. James is supposed to be the brother of our Lord, or at least the son of Joseph the husband of the virgin Mary. Now, may be our ministerial breth- ren will think I am not quite orthodox when I suggest that James could not speak with the same authority that the Savior did. I believe James is right; but I do not believe he had divine inspiration so that he knew about these things as did God the Father, or Jesus the Son later on. I have always curiously considered this expression about anointing with oil; and several times, if I am correct, pious people have undertaken to heal diseases by pray- ing over and anointing the sick with oil; and sometimes I have wondered what kind of oil James had in mind, and I have won- dered, too, whether it were possible, among the great mass of remedies in vogue in his time, he meant to recognize the value of only this one. Jesus tells us, in that wonderful parable, that the good Samaritan poured "oil and wine" on the wounds of the poor sufi^erer. Did he, by this expression, in- tend to authorize the use of oil and wine as remedies? Just a few days ago that excellent period- ical, the Sunday School Times, gave me a little light on this matter. They made a statement something like this: The inspired writers seemed to fall in line with the gen- eral belief of the time in which they wrote, and they simply meant to indorse harmless remedies; and what James intended, when he spoke about oil, was only an exhortation to the people to do the best they could or the best they knew how for a suffering brother. In his day oil was one of the reme- dies in use, and it is a good one still. I have seen mechanics take an oil-can and pour oil on a sore or a burn that was hot and feverish. When my corns and chil- blains become dry, and the flesh hard and painful, a little nice oil, or vaseline (which is the same thing) , sometimes gives wonder- ful relief. Sometimes the smarting of a burn may be stopped almost instantly by the use of oil. Now, James simply intend- ed that we should make use of every thing we could lay our hands on for a sufi^ering friend, at the same time we prayed for wis- dom and understanding. When Jesus spoke of what the good Samaritan did, it seems quite probable to me it was along in the same line, and so on all through the Bible. Do some of you ask why God the Father or Jesus the son did not tell us more about this vital question that so much concerns human happiness? I might say I really do not know; but on a little more reflection I really do know something about it — at least I think I do. The father who helps his child over every log he comes to, espe- cially after that child is large enough to climb and work hard himself, is doing the child an injury. You can find rich men's children who are really "crippled for life" in this very way. For some reason which I do not exactly understand, God seems to think best to let us work out our own physi- cal salvation through much pain and suffer- ing. This thing we do know — that Chris- tian nations are making far greater prog- ress in the way of securing general physi- cal health than heathen nations. We know, too, that righteousness and Christianity are highly conducive to the highest state of health to any people. I have not touched on Christian Science yet; but you may have gathered that I have but little faith in Christian Science or any thing of that sort unless it is coupled with an honest, earnest faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. I believe in the kind of religion that, while it prays, it also looks after the matter of pure water to drink, sends the patient out of doors to get over consumption by the use of pure air, and general cleanliness and purity, not 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 291 only for all that are sick, but for everybody else. The above is a rather long- preface, it is true; but it is simply a preface to an ac- count of some personal experiences I have had of late. In fact, the above thoughts had been considerably in my mind toward the close of the year 1903. I think I will choose for a heading to this talk, WHEN SHALL WE SEND FOR THE DOCTOR? On Christmas eve, when I returned from our annual gathering- at our church, Mrs. Root and I retired about as usual. She did not go to the Sunday-school gathering on Christmas eve with all the rest. About ten o'clock she did not seem to be able to get any sleep, and said she believed she was going to have one of her attacks of pleurisy. She has been subject to such attacks off and on most of her life. In a short time the pain became very much more acute than usual, and she was suffering greatly. All through the long night I begged to be per- mitted to call a doctor, which I could easily do by the use of the telephone. She object- ed every time. Now, it would hardly be fair to say that Mrs. Root does not believe in doctors, for she does, and not only respects but reverences the family physician when he is a good man, as a doctor always ought to be; but she has a theory that doctors are called a good many times when there is no particular need of it. She was so vehement in declaring that she could manage the at- tack without the help of any doctor, as she had often done before, that no doctor was called till next day in the afternoon; and even then myself and the children were al- most obliged to overrule her wishes in the matter. The doctor said it was a very se- vere attack of pleurisy, and was likely to result in pleuro- pneumonia. When I told him we urged her to call him at the first attack he said something like this: "Mr. Root, if your house were on fire would you wait half a day or more to see whether the fire was going to do any harm? or would you put it out when the blaze was small?" Very likely the doctor was right in say- ing that our procrastination was something like letting the fire burn until it was well under way. Mrs. Root and I have both tried since that affair to see if we could de- cide what brought on this sudden and se- vere attack. The day before Christmas, for a few hours it was warm and rainy. She ventured across the street, without any covering over her head, and with only a light shawl; but this she has been doing all her life — in fdct, she has always delighted in showing the children how she could run around outdoors bareheaded, and without being bundled up (like your humble ser- vant, for instance). Two days before the attack she went with me in the auto, and visited a sick relative, perhaps a mile from home. While going with the wind we were both quite comfortable; but the return trip was against the wind. Neither of us was very warmly clad. On this account I hur- ried home to get where it was warm. She rode against the stiff south breeze, and was pretty well chilled when we reached our own warm rooms.* But she and I had often had this same experience, and never before felt any bad effects of it. The doctors say that her general health must have been poor about that time; but she and I feel posi- tive she was in excellent health and spirits until the attack. I do not know what brought it on. Christmas came on Friday, and by Sun- day night she was a very sick woman. Thus far in our married life we have never had any experience with a trained city nurse; but just then all the children insist- ed that mother should have the best help that could be obtained. The nurse and doctor did their best; but on Sunday night the pneumonia had taken such complete possession of her lungs that it was difficult for her to breathe. I heard the nurse call- ing through the telephone to the doctor to hurry down as soon as possible — that the patient's heart was acting very badly. While the nurse was at the telephone I slipped up to my wife's bedside and placed my finger on her pulse, as I had been in the habit of doing all along. The pulse was very weak and irregular. Finally there came a great throb; then three or four little beats almost like the tick of a watch, irreg- ular in time and varying greatly in force. The doctor got there very quickly, and he told me there was great danger. Unless the heart could be quieted, she might not live till morning. One of the best physi- cians we knew of in Cleveland was sum- moned by telephone. An extra nurse was ordered, to be with the patient while the regular nurse slept. Soon after I had test- ed the pulse Mrs. Root looked up at me in- quiringly. "Amos, what is all this commotion about? " Now, I have never withheld anj' secrets from Mrs. Root — at least not for years past; and / know, if the rest of the world does not, that she is cool and steady enough to be told the truth without being disturbed or frightened. Notwithstanding this, I did not feel that it was my duty to tell her just what the trouble was. While I debated what answer I should make, I said, by way of evasion: * I have been told that large numbers of people have contracted severe colds, sometimes resulting in pneu- monia, from riding in an open automobile during very low temperatures The unusual rush of air, especially ■when one goes against the wind, requires extn cloth- ing and wraps ; and dealers in automobile supplies are already advertising garments made specially for win- ter automobling. Why, even during the month of July, on that trip through Michigan last summer, I was obliged to wear a summer overcoat a great part of the time, especially when we were running against the wind ; and a few times I was obliged to exchange my summer cap tor the fur cap I wear in winter. The rush of air is all right ; but elderly people shouH re- member to keep well clothed. When I was bundled up with a fur cap and overcoat, twenty-year-old Huber wa« happy in his shirtsleeves, without any collar or necktie. 292 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 " Shall I tell you, dear wife, just what the matter is? " I suppose cur friends will all excuse me when I say that I made this reply in order to gain a little time before answering fur- ther. She replied, " Yes, tell me what it is that worries you all." She had been suffering on account of a lack of sleep, as she always does under similar circumstances, so I replied, " We are all worried because j'ou are suffering frcm a loss of sleep; for if you do not get some sleep how can you resist the fever that has got such a hold on you? " " Then if I go to sleep will you all feel relieved? " Rejoicing that I had so successfully steer- ed her off the track, I was going to drop the subject. She shut her eyes as if to try to sleep; and in a few moments afterward, in a feeble voice, she said, "I did not know but you were worried about my heart, for I felt 'it fluttering." Just then I said I would go below to look after the temperature of the rooms; but I felt in real truth as if I must go away by myself where I could pray. In the apart- ment below, just under the bed where the dear patient lay suffering, I knelt and p(|ured out my heart in silent prayer. I h;^- many times tried to pray since her sickness; but it seemed to be a cold and mechanical prayer. I did not realize the danger. Just then, however, our two lives seemed to pass in a panorama before ine; and then I looked out into the future and tried to catch a glimpse of what my life would be without her daily counsel and lov- ing sympathy. I realized that thousands of others had met such trials, and were bearing them as best they could; and I re- member feeling ashamed of the selfish cow- ardly spirit that prcmpted me to say in an- guish, " O God. I can not bear it, I can not bear even the thought of it." As I prayed I became more tranquil, and I tried to say, as did the dear Savior, "Nevertheless, not my will, but thine, be done." Now, dear reader, before resorting to pra3er I had done everything that poor hu- manity could do. I had counseled with our physician, and with his sanction I had called the best medical help our State af- forded. We had availed ourselves, also, of the best nurses, two of them, so that she could not suffer one single minute frcm neg- lect. The five children were also near, with my two sons in law and one daughter- in-law, each vying with the other to see what else could be done for the suffering mother. After having done every thing that this present age could afford for the sick, then I could pray earnestly that the great Father would look down in pity and loving sympathy, and listen to his helpless chil- dren. Jesus says, jou know, " If ye, then, being evil, know how to give good gifts un- to your children, how much more shall your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to them that ask him? " As I went back to the sick-bed I felt that the Holy Spirit was with us, even though my request should not be granted. One special thing was revealed to me as I knelt there alone in the middle of the night — the fact that we are so prone to be selfish in a time like this. I was not praying for hu- manity— in fact, I was not even praying, at least theyi arid there, for sick people general- ly, or that the physicians and nurses of the world should have more skill and knowl- edge. I was only beseeching the dear Father to spare to me just a few years longer the dear companion of my home and my life. Why should I or why should we in times like this expect that God was go- ing to favor tis particularly when thousands were suffering may be many times more than we suffer? May God help us, while we are praying for the sick, to strive more to make our prayers unselfish ones. In my next I wish to give you some help- ful suggestions in regard to the modern methods of treating the sick; and I will confess to you that one desire (of course, it was a minor one) in this whole affair was to find out what had been accomplished in modern times in the way of relieving sick- ness and suffering. It does not always follow that people are cured by getting the most expensive doctors and nurses; yet if the science of medicine is making real progress there ought to be a better chance for the patient when we hunt up the best- educated and most skillful physicians and nurses. To be Continued. Temperance. LOCAL OPTION IN ARIZONA. While visiting at friend Jefferson's in Safford, Arizona (see page 26), I was in- troduced to quite a lot of temperance people, and the3' told me of the fight they were making to banish the saloon. Just now friend Jefferson sends me a report of the contest. We quote one sentence: Each side did its best, and the result shows the true state of public sentiment in the place on the question, there being 109 votes in favor of local option, and 82 in favor of the saloons, the latter winning out by the narrow margin of 19. Now, the queer thing to me in the above is that it takes two votes for temperance to balance one vote for whisky; and yet they CiU it "local option." I supposed local option meant that the majority should rule. But that is not all the trouble. Mr. Cal- vert, my son-in-law, tells me that in Cana- da, where he came from, they have the same beneficent (?) ruling to guard the mjrals of the people. May I be permitted to ask who perpetrated such an outrage on decency, both in Arizona and Canada? Surely Queen Victoria never introduced such a regulation. It is "local option," you see, but you must have two temperance votes to match one saloonist. I hope I am 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 293 making a mistake. Can it be that all of Arizona is under such a ruling? Canada is not exactly our job. We clip the following from the Country Gentleman for Nov. 26, 1903. While there are probably some mistakes in regard to the amount of the crop, and where it is mostly raised, I think the article is, in the main, substantially correct. With the pres- ent price of buckwheat grain, it well be- hooves bee-keeping farmers to give more at- tention to this crop. THE CULTURE AND USES OF BUCKWHEAT. The lai gest buckwheat crop ever harvested is now being gath-red in the two great buckwheat-raising States, New York and Pennsylvania. Just how large it will be can not yet be told, although the two .States naratd will certainly produce more than 7,90U,000 bush- els, against 6,nl()S,560 bu-hels last year. As the pro- duction of the eniire country a year ago was but 9,566.966 bushels, valued at $5 ;S41,41;-i. grown on 6:W.930 acres of ground, it will be seen how important the crop of these two States is to all lovers of the buckwheat cake. Buckwheat is raised in 24 States, growing as far south as Georgia and as far north as Maine. Last year New York stood at the head of the column ot produc- ing States with a crop of 3,280 158 bushels, with Penn- sylvania a close second with 8, 188. 402 bushels. Third on the list was Maine, with only 719 700 busht Is to her credit, while little Delaware came trailing in at the last with 3150 bushels The average price realized by the farmers was 56 Cfiits per bushel, and the average yield was 15 bushels to the acre. Basing their calcula- tions on a comparison of crop hazards, and the cost of the necessary fctilizers and labor expert agricultu- ris's estimate that it is more profitable to raise buck- wheat at 50 cents th^n wheat at a dollar. It is, there- fore, not surprising that the farmers of the older States are e'ving more and more attention to this cereal ev- ery year. The luur counties of Armstrong. Indiana, Westmore- land, and Butler, in Pennsylvania, have earned for themselves the title of the "buckwheat belt." In no other equal area in the United States is i-o much of this crop raised, as these four counties produce proba- bly four-fifths of all that raised in Pennsj Ivania. The produciion of New York is greater than that of the Keystone State, but is more generally distributed, and not confined to a comparatively restricted area. The buckwheat cake is a peculiarly American insti- tution — as much so as the pumpkin pie, roast turkey, and other tooth.sorae delicacies dear to the heart of the epicure. The crop is cultivated in many lands, but the housewives of no other country have learned how to prepare it in such a manner ?s to tickle the palate of the lover of good living. In Great Britain it is consid- ered unfit for human consumption, and is used only as food for pheasants and poultry. It is cultivated in In- dia, whe e it is used on " bart " or feast da\s, being one of the foods that are lawful on tho.'-e occasions. It is served to the Russian soldiers a^ a part of their ra- tions but is prepared in such a manner that it is said that no one but a Cossack or a starving man can eat it. In France it is called ' sanisin." and is used as food by the very poorest of the peasantry. The French name is a bit of fossilised history, being a reminder of the fact that the grain was int i oduced into Western Europe bv the Crusaders, who obtained it from the Saracens of Asia Minor. In Germany this giain is fed to cattle and poultry, but is not highly esteemed as food for human beings. Beer is there brewed from it. and it is sometimes used in gin distilleries. The German name is"buchwei- zen," or beech wheat, so called from the resemblance of th" sharp triangular grains to beechnuts. In Japan it is extensively used as an article of diet, and the Jap- anese variety is one of the most highly esteemed and most extensively cultivated b>^ American farmers the Japanese variety being considered more productive and hardy than the European or " silverhull." The grain is suppo.sed to be a native of the basin of the Volga, the shores of the Caspian Sf a, and parts of Cen- tral Asia. Probably it was introduced into China and Japan by marau''ing Tartars, centuries before it be- came known to Europeans. Not many years ago buckwheat cakes were eaten only by the very poor of the rural districts. They ate them, not I ecMise they liked them, but as a measure of economy. There was no market for the grain or flour; and where it was grown at all it was fed to live- stock, or eaten only in default of any thing better. It will grow on the poorest soil, where no other crop can be raised It matures very quickly, and a crop failure is hardly ever known. But little fertilizer is required, and that of the cheapest grade, so that it is preemi- nently the poor man's crop. Among the bee keepers, buckwheat is a favorite crop because the blossoms contain a greater percentage of honey than is found in the flowers of any other plant of economic use aside from its value as a honey pro- ducer. .'\s long as buckwheat is in flower the bees of the neighborhood confine themselves entirely to it, thus prodticing pure buckwheat honey. The market value of this is impaired by the fact that it is of dark amber color instead of the clear white demanded by the fastidious city trade. In making this exaction city customers show their own ignorance; and but few of them who have ev« r tried genuine buckwheat honey would be willing to exchanee it for the finest grade of ''white clover." And surely no lover of buckwheat cakes will deny that it accords with the eternal fitness of things that they be well lubricated with honey made from buckwheat blossoms before being started to their last resting-place on the inside of a capacious waist- coat. Buckwheat makes practically all its growth in six weeks of hot weather in July and August, being the most rapid growing of farm crops. For this reason it is supposed to be very exhausting on the scil, so that the owners of fc rtile farms will not raise it This is no doubt the reason why Butler, Armstrong, Westmore- land, and Indiana Counties have become pre eminent- ly the buckwheat belt. Those counties are full of bald knobs that have been cultivate 1 for over a century, until all the natural fertility of the soil that has not been extracted by the crops has been washed down by the rains into the valleys below. They w 11 produce nothing but buckwheat or beans and as buckwheat brings in the grea'er returns with less labor, buck- wheat is the crop that is preferred. Possiblv the time will come when these wornout and impoverished farms will no longer produce even buckwheat; but with firm faith in a beneficent Providence, and in the efficacy of commercial fertilizers, the farmers are losing no sleep over that contingency. Buckwheat is sown broadcast, or drilled into the ground, about the first or middle of July, find is har- vested as soon as the first frosts kill the last lingering blns.soms. The sheaves are allowed to stand in the field a few days, until the peripatetic steam-th'asher comes arotind when the cr-ip i- hauled in and thrash- ed. This is reallv the most critical sfason of the year for the buckwheat farmer Often a large crop is near- ly ruined by a few days' wet weather after the grain has been cut, but before it has been thras^ed. It is a busy and exacting time for the owners of traction eneinesand thrashing machines, to whom the whole farming conimniiity look to save their crop from possible destruction. Often they work till jnid- night and then travel for miles in order to be ready to begin work at th» next .stopping-place by sunrise. And in case heavy rains or early snows work havoc with the nnth'ashed grain, it is the tardy thrasher who must bear the blame. SOME FACTS, CRITICISMS, ETC. By way of introduction I will say that I am not much interested in bees now, but continue to take Glean- ings, partly from habit and partly for the notes on travel and gardening. GIANT GIBRALTAR ONIONS. In 1902, 8 sq rods planted to Giant Gibraltar gave me about 15 bush* Is of nice bulbs and a lot of trash, while White Globe, under the s ime conditions, yield- ed at the rate of more than 800 bushels to the acre. I have no further use for the former. POTATO CULTURE AND FERTILIZERS. Mr. Terry's "adverse experience " with fertilizers is a matter of interest, and his advice to " be perfectly sure you are right " is good. I submit, however, that 294 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 his quotation from Director Thorne (sup. 29) is mis- leading— likely to leave a wrong impression concern- ing the teachings of the Station. In Bui 94 June, 1898 page 325, the Director said this: The point insisted upon was that the price of fertilizers was too high in proportion to the value of the crops produced — not that the fertilizers did not produce increase of crop. On the contrary, this station's experience constantly showed a larger increase of crop from certain artificial fertilizers than from barnyard manure." Again, in Bui. 71, April, 1896. page 18.5, " When fertilizers have been used on potatoes there has been a good profit, with ordinary yields and average prices of potatoes." FARMERS' WIVES. The reason which you give for fo many farmers' wives going insane is amusing, and reminds me of the story of the wise men who gave long scientific reasons for a fact — a fact that wasn't so. Tie report of the State Board of Charities of Pennsylvania, as quoted in the Stockman and Farmer. Jan. 6. 1898, shows this con- cerning the patients admitted the p'evious year: Of 1060 male patients. 139 had been farmers: and of 806 fe- male patients, 32 were farmers' wives; 28 were farmers' daughters, and 6 were farmers' widows— 66 in all Ohio statistics for 1885 and 1894, the only copies which I have at hand, show that men constitute a ma- jority of the patients in Ohio, as in Pennsylvania, but do not tell what their avocation had been. Better make sure that it is so before you worry any more about farmers' wives being neglected. East Springfield, O. R. M. Reynolds. Friend R., I am exceeding-ly obliged to you for your facts, especially for the criti- cisms. I think you must have had poor seed of the Giant Gibraltar onion. The crop of seed has been short for several years, and on this account almost every thing- has been saved. The first small lots of seed I had for tests gave very much better results than that for two years back. As they are very much larger than the White Globe, I hope we may be able to get a strain of seed that will give a good big onion from every plant. During my visits to the Ohio Exper- iment Station I had reports like what you have mentioned, in regard to fertilizers for potatoes; and at the price potatoes are worth now — almost a dollar a bushel — it will probably pay many farmers to use the right kind of chemical fertilizers. Last, but not least, I rejoice to know that farmers' wives are not all "going crazy." The statement I saw was given in a daily paper, and I did not look for any statistics to cor- roborate it. We can well rejoice that it is not true. WINTER VETCH. The report below, clipped from the Cotm- try Gentletnan, comes from our old friend M. M. Baldridge; and his concluding sen- tence would indicate that, in many places, it might be a wonderful help — that is, if one seeding can be made to give a crop for fifteen years. I am greatly interested in the winter vetch, having grown the same in an experimental way for several years past. It is a wonderful plant to stool when giv- en a proper chance. One peck (15 lbs ) of seed is plenty to sow to the acre. This vetch should be grown with wheat or rye in the North as a support to hold the plants up and off the ground. One-half bushel of either grain is ample to the acre. This variety of vetch may be sown either in the spring or fall; but when wanted to produce seed, it must be sown in the fall My experience says that the plant must be grown so late in the year that it will not bloom until it has pass- ed through the winter. It will then produce seed freely in the following June or July. In Mississippi the vetch is grown with winter oats, both being sown in the fall. The crop there is pas- tured from December to March. The live stock is then taken off and the double crop is permitted to grow for hay or seed, after which the land is flatbroken and planted immediately with cow peas. When the vetch is grown tor grain or seed, the land is found to be nicely reseeded with oats and vetch when the cow peas aie ready to be cut for hay or harvested for peas. One of my correspondents in Mississippi has grown this double crop for about fifteen years, and from only a single seeding, and each year has secured a good crop of cow peas besides. He grows this double crop on a large scale — 100 acres and upward per year. His average crop of oats and vetch is about forty bushels per acre, and this is sold, without separating, and for seeding purposes, at 11.00 per bushel. THE NEW DISEASE OF THE POTATO — THE ROSETTE. For several years past I have noticed on our Medina soils here and there a hill of potatoes with the foliage curled and twist- ed up, something like the curl-leaf of the peach-tree, but with the potato the whole hill was dwarfed. One of my reasons for changing my potato-growing to Northern Michigan was that I might escape this trouble (and scab) by starting on new ground that had never grown a crop. But I was a good deal discouraged to find more or less of this trouble with the potatoes in Michigan. It was probabl}* carried in the seed. Some years ago I called the atten- tion of our Ohio Experiment Station to the matter. Below is the result of their experi- ments: .treat'seed potatoes for disease. Recent investigations made at the Ohio Experiment Station show that a disease, heretofore but partially recognized, injures potato-tops severely at times. This is the potato rosette, and this disease appears to be general Seed treatment in 1903 has increased the yield, where the disea.'e prevailed, from 25 to 125 per cent on a light crop. Bulletin 145, just published, gives the second series of results in treating for this trouble. Formalin at the rate of 1 pint in 30 gallons of water is the solution used. Immerse the seed potatoes in this for 2 hours, after which the tubers may be dried and cut for planting. This bulletin will be sent to all citi- zens of the State who may apply for it. Address The Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, O. This treatment is also a remedy for scab. An increase of from 25 to 125 per cent makes it well worth while to tre it the seed with formalin as above. Tomatoes are also sometimes affected with the same disease, and a similar one is found at times on Grand Rapids lettuce. THE ROASTED-CHESTNUT POTATO. We are exceedingly glad to get something from one of the old veterans in growing nice potatoes, and I can heartily indorse every point friend Manum makes. I think I shall have to send him a potato or two so that he can see what he can do. Friend A. I. Root: — In Gleanings for Feb. 15 you ask if some one can advise you how to grow your '■ roasted-chestnut potato so they won't be hollow." Now, were I to try to breed out the hollowness in a po- tato 1 would try late planting say from June '25 to July 12. I have succeeded in growing fine potatoes from hollow seed by planting July 12 on an old strawberry- bed just turned over My nicest potatoes the past year were grown by planting July 7. These were set aside for family use. Then if the season proves favor- able for potato-growing when planting thus late we may expect a fair yield of fine table poatoes. What I call a favorable season is one with a moderate rain- fall. Too much washing of the soil by frequent heavy rains is not what the potato requires, but, rather, the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 295 moisture that may be brought within reach of the roots by capillary attraction. It is well known that plants take up their food only when it is provided in solution, taking it by absorption. The food may be dissolved, however, by water or by the direct action of the roots or by the process of fei mentation, which is altnost constarit in all soils. In either case, .soil mois- ture is essential. Now if our soil is of such a nature that we can obtain sufficient nioistuie by capillary at- traction, it being that upon which plants mostly feed, as it travels upward, downw.ird. and sidewi.se, we have the most natural conditions for plants to obtain food. t)f course, free water (rain) is es.senlial in mod- erate quantities to replenish the bottom strata so that nature's "pumps" may have a supply from which to draw. Furthermore, 1 have observed that coc 1 nights are beneficial to the development of the tubers; hence the desirability of late planting for quality. I have barely touched on the subject of plant-growth, and doubtless unnece.ssarily as I am sure you are bet- ter posted on this subject than I am; but when I get to writing or talking on this subject I am much in the .same predicament that I atii when iti an orange grove sampling the golden fruit, / don't know when to stop. And, bj' the way, friend Root, I have been much in- terested in your writings of Southern California, as my wife and I spent the winter in Los Angeles and vicini- ty la'^t year, A. E. Manum. Bristol, Vt., Feb. 22, 1904. THAT HIGH-PRICED POTATO. Below is the clipping- from the Scotsman, referred to on page 243: The new potato, El Dorado, was sold at the London Christmas Show at .^150 for one pound weight, and the buyer was offered /"ItiO for it later. RAISING THE HARDY CATALPA FOR LUM- BER, POSTS, HONEV, ETC. We were recently shown by an agent ssome beautiful specimens of very light tough lumber from the hardy catalpa that grows native in some parts of the West. This ca- talpa is also said to be worth as much for posts, railroad- ties, and timber to be put in the ground, as any thing else known; and several railroad companies are planting the trees to grow ties. As I knew they had been considering the matter at our Ohio Ex- periment Station I asked Prof. W. J. Green to tell us something about the tree. Here is his reply: Most seedsmen have been careless regarding the kind of sted which they .sold, hence the majority of the trt es which have been grown from these seeds are of the wrong kind, because tlie hardy catalpa does not produce as much seed, and is more difficult to procure. It is impossible, when the trees are saiail, to tell what they are. After they have attained some age it is pos- sible then to disauguiali the dillercnt kinds. They are easily distinguished by the blossoms and seea. The station is now making considerable effort to introduce the true hardy catalpa, and we have quite a number of trees whice we expect to send out to different parts of the State for the sake of an experiment. We do not expect to sell the trees nor give them away, but we shall require the party to conduct an experiment to pay for the trees. The catalpa frequently, on good soil, makes an in- crease in diameter of an inch a year. 1 saw trees in Creslon a few days ago that were planted only ten years ago and one of them was more than a foot in di- ametei . On ordinary soil they would not grow as last. There are some near Wooster that are about twenty years old, not very mucii larger than the one mentioned at Creston. We have some on the station ground that are ten to twelve feet high, three years trom planting. I know of a grove where the trees are planted eight feet apart each way, and at twenty years of age are worth on an average $1.00 per tree for posts and poles. I hope that you will plant a grove of this tree, for it is surely very valuable, and I do not know of any species of tree that will be likely to yield greater profit. W. J. Green. Wooster, O , Feb. 15. THE slop: plum IN EUROPE. Mr. Green's letter on the sloe plum reminds me las an Englishman) of the wild sloe of Great Britain, which is identical with the Irishmans's black-thorn or shillala. From the white-blossomed sloe My dear Chloe tequested A sprig her fair b east to adorn; Oh! no, no! 1 replied; May I perish if ever I plant in that bosom a thorn. —Irish Ballad. The wild British sloe is of the nature of a very small plum— purplish in color with the bloom of the Dam- son, and choky when eaten; grows freely and persist- ently in the st^fT clay lands; the shoots emanating from the main stem are protected by the thorns, one on e.fch side, which die when about a year old. The thorn lorms a better fence than the hawthorn so ex- tensively used while a patch of blackthorn brush is a pretty touRh propo.sitioii to tackle. It is cut occa- sionally— that is, every fourth or fiith year, and fur- nishes " thorns " for mending the gaps in the haw- thorn hedge-rows ; and at such times those who wish cau choose a very fine walking-stick by taking out part of the root for a handle. The thorns spiing up again from the old roots, and only occasionally from seed. I should consider it a "plum," but of a low order; very hardy and parasite resisting, ranking high in these respects, and I do not s e wfjy it would not be extremely useful for hybridizing work. Melrose, Mass. James M Pulley. From your description, friend P., I think the tree you refer to is very much like our sloe plum here, only I could hardly agree with you in regard to the quality; and with cultivation they get to be of pretty good size here. Not only should it prove useful for hybridizing, as you suggest, but why can it not be used far an extremely hardy root for grafting other more valuable plums? Can some of our nurserymen tell us about the latter? MORE FROM HARRY LATHROP. I have just read your comments on ray letter, page 1019. I am glad of an opportunity to say a few words more. I have not adhered to the natural-food plan for cer- tain reasons. The principal is that, at the present time, one must isolate himself and provide his own food if he is away from home. We need association and good fellowstiip at our meals. This is very im- portant. When I am at home I use a modified natural- lood diet, and eat with the folks. I believe the time will soon come when a great many people will adopt the plan of living on simple and nat- ural foods. There must be a halt made soon. ."Ml over this country business men and clerks are over- working, and rushing them.selves to the extent that they become so nervous that they can't take time for their meals or really to live. I am against our mod- ern habits ; but being right in the current it is difficult to change. The fruit breakfast you speak of is all right. For an ordinarj' meal a slice of good graham bread and butter, a few English walnuts, and three or four best imported dried figs will give health and satisfaction. The expense of such living is very little, which is a consideration with many poor fellows. We have a great variety of good things to select from. All we require is to usr: only a limited numbei at a time, changing as our taste indicates our ne-eds. I shall stick to the natural foods as long as I can, other requirements considered. I thank yon for your kind words to me, Mr. Root, and pray that you may be spared in health and vigor for many years of useful work. Harry Lathrop. Monroe, Wis., Dec. 12. 2V'6 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 ^^vJORTHRUP Kl NG &CO'S hog-Pasture MIXTURE P.Frandson. Crystal I ake, f 11./3 la., Fays: •'! had 3« boss •^iP^l^^t0fi-'^^}-/^'A oil one acre all season. "f^^^'^lftif-U^ Coiildn t bfgin to keep it ST?f<%ST'^\'>-' i'*^" down." OurCatalog tells. TO HAVE YOU TRY THEM we will.for 11(.\ silver i>r stampsjsend pictured catalo)?ue and 9 packat'es of our STERLING Seeds. C?*1lCIANT 50-TON CARROT, largest field |fi» I Joarrut; enorniuusylelder; high golden color UvlU '*°'' butter I ; easily harvested. MOLD'S BLACK BEAUTY OAT, ^'onderful new variety from EnglaBd : superior to white oats; vlelds enormously ; very stiff, stronii straw. SPELTZ' yields double quantity of oats, wheat or barley, makes better feed; straw fine for fatten- ing; ripens early; resists drouth and frost; thrives CAuVoRNIA WONDER BEAN, hea^le^t yielding bean ever known; one bean produced loO pods, U68 beans by actual count. /L- 1 NEW TRIUMPH RADISH, matures IFlMflnl" 20 davs, globe shape, striped horizon ^Q|£j[^|| tally with bright scarlet on pure white; a uniQue and striking novelty. NK& CO STERLJNC LETTUCE; beautiful crisp headins? variety; ri-h golden center; never ooar'ie- finest lettuce grown. N k & CO MINNESOTA RED^ GLOBE ONION earllent. most j.erfect shape; finest color; no scullions; longest keeper; heaviest yielder. N K & COCIANT FANCY PANSY- /MUafiflowers extraordinarily large, exquisite WTTvI iolorings;a distinct and remarkable strain, greatly admired. _^_.„ ^ .„ GOLDEN GLEAM SWEET PEAS, deep prim- rose yellow; large flowers, long stems, rare novelty. n*PU DDI7CC for largest yields of Peep O' Day UAon rnltLO Sweet Corn. Ear Sweetest. NORTHRUP,KING&CO •»■ ' Seedsmen. MINNEAPOLIS. MINN. I FKTv What Do You VauShaMSTWentK.$esiailli Annual Catalolue Covering Ihe four Greal Departments of Gardening Mailed FREE to all buyers of Garden Seeds. Flower ieeds, Greenhouse Plantx 5hrubs and Hardy Plants, write now Vau^hani 5eed -itore 84-86 Randolph 3t.. CHICAGO. •14- Barclay' 5t. NEW YORK- DEATH TO BUGS worinH niid all klndn of vegetable iiiseet pests li'you iioe our Acme Powder Gun l^lc^^':l!^c!^^^y. ing dry poison to Potatoes. Tobacco, etc. Works under as well as over, dusts every part of every leaf. Uses less because it wastes none. If your ^ dealer don't have it send his nane and 4>I.OO; we'll deliver charecH paid. Write for Catalogue and Booklet, " The , Acme of Potato Profit." Potato Imple. i ment Co., Boi20 i Traverse City, nich. ] Think of This? During the past year IS farmers of Mesa County, Colo., have asked for our catalog about Electric Steel Wheels and the Elestric Handy Wagcn Up to date 14 of them have purchased either a wagon or a set of wheels. Does tliat mean anything? It proves that we have a reasonable proposi- tion. VVe say that the Electric wide-tired, steel wheels will save you more labor and make you more money in a year than any other thing >'lce3 are united with hvib solid, can't work _ I > >S3. Y" ir raon 'V bn"k if they y^ do. We don't a-l. QnincT. lU. ^ 12 Pkts SEEDS TS^bI ^IS 20c Beet, Egyptian; CabbaKe, Burehead; Carrot, Danvers; Corn, Early Evergreen; Cucumber, gg 'V llussian; L. ttuee. Early Cur.ed; Musk PAGE X Melon. Paul Kose; Water 3Ielon, Sweet- CATAIOG > lieart; Onion. Prize Taker; Radish, FREE TO _/^ Scarlet Turnip; Squash, Marrow; f^ll / Tomato, Beauty. One packet each for 20 cts. coin or stamps. FKEE with order, packet of KSSEX KAPE. Mention paper. W. W. BARNARD & CO., 161 KINZIE ST.. CHICAGO Send Us Your Name and Address for our catalog of Plants atid 32 quart crate and quart basket-;. Special prices for February and March Address H. H. AULTFATMER, Minerva. Ohio. 1904 GLEAMNC'.S IN BEF. (TLTURE. 297 Better Tools to Use ^Less Help to Hire Iron Age Iinpletiieuts are designed to give the greatest possible results for labor expended. Whether ])lanting the seed or working the crop, they save half the labor — make twice the profit. RON AC IMPLEMENTS are needed every day in every field and garden. There is a tool for every condition of every ® crop, from planting time to harvest. Aslc your dealer about these tools. The IVe^v Iron AgiC Book, that describas them all is free. Write for it. BATEMAN xlIFG. CO., Hex '■^' Cireiiloch, N. J. Urpee's ^eeds, Philadelphia A postal addressed as above will bring you Burpee's Farm Annual for 1904, — if you intend to buy Burpee's Seeds — otherwise the price is ten cents, which is less than cost per copy in quarter-million edition?. It is an elegant book of J 78 pages, with Six Superb colored plates; " . the plain truth about the Best Seeds that Grow, Better write TO-DAY! Do not delay I SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps SPRAY PUMPS Double-actlng.LIft, Tank and Spray Store Ladders. Etc. of all kinds. Write for Circalars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel roller bearings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown off tlie track— hence its name — "Stayon." Wri te f or de- scriptivc circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party livho will buv in quantity. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland, • Ohio. PRAVING ___i^s rruitsand lluuers. We make the ri^'ht appliances. Special adapta- tic'n to every need. HAND, BUCKET, BARREL KNAP- SACK and POWER SPRAYERS. COstvltB. >'c7.7le8. bo?e. attachments, formulas. eTeryspraying accesBi'TT. Write tor free catalog. The Deming Co., Salem, O. T^.ll^r7l .-1 enrs, tt taini ^- lluhbclL^ Chicago^ AbM Pulverizing HARROW Clod Cirusfrer and LeveEer /" gsn's Wanted. Sizes 3 to i: Feet. The be^t pulvciizei and cheai e-t Riding Harrow on eaith «e bNo "^ makt wttlkingAcmes. The Acme cru<^hes cuts pnlvpr izes turns and levels all st ils forall luipo-ps Alade of ca'it btecl and wrnu ht iron— Indestructible. ;retnined at in' eAp^riiself satisfactory. Catalog' and lioolilet "An Ideal Harrow" by Henry Stewart, mailed froe, 1 deliver f.o b. New York, Chlcnco. ( oliunbos, Lonlg. vllle. Kansas €ity, Dlinneapolls, San Franrisco. DUANE H. NASH, Sole Mfr., Mllllnglon.N. J. branch Houses: 110 WashirirtonSt., Chicago 240-e44 7th Ave. South, Minneapolis. 1315 W 8th Street. Kansas Cifr. S15 E. Jefferson St, Louisi-U'e. Ky. Cnr. Water and W. Oar «»». . CoUimhu.. 0 Sent on Trial fUSASE MENTION THIS PAPER. TREES THAT GROW haty: HardjTari-ti, Grafted Appl. Peach Oc; Co. 3c; Black Locust Seed ling, (1 .:jS per lOUO. S«Dd for Boi 100 Beatrice, liea. 298 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 Softens the beard — makes shaving easy — Williams' Shaving Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet " How to Shave. ' ' The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. How to Organize A Farmers* Telephone Co. We have published a very in- structive telephone book espec- cially for the man who ivauts to know ALL about telephone matters. It tells how to organ- ize, how to build the lines; about different types of 'phones, coustruclion; gives by-laws, and constitutions; in fact it is a tele- phone encyclopedia every farm- er should have. We send it free if you mention this paper. Ask for Book F- SU, "Telephone Facts for Farmers." You will get it by return mail. Address nearest office. Stromberg-Carlson Tel. Mfg. Co. Rochester, N. Y.— Chicago, III. Farmers Voice Great (U| Co = Operative Club •P* Send us the names of ten friends or neighbors whom you believe will be interested in a jourual standing for the farmer's best interests, and we will send you these five great periodicals each of which stands at the head of its class. Farmer's Voice r^l-n NatlODal >l Weekly For forty years the most earnest advocate of all things which tend to make life on the farm more pleasurable and profltable. $.601 Wayside Tales 1.00 America's Great Short Story Magazine, 95 pages in regular ma- gazine size of clean stories every month on fine book paper. Regular Price e.io FOR Ttie American Pouitry Journal . 50 f only The oldest and best poultry paper In the world. The Household Realm . . .50 For 18 years tlie only woman's paper owned, edited and put>- Usbed exclusively by women. /ictt's Family Magazine . .50 $1. and ten names of farmers The leading Floral Magazine of Americ*. J ■* aoove. For Vlck's you may substltnte Green's Fruit Grower, Farm Journal, Blooded Stock, Kansas city Star or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Farmers' Voice free. Liberal terms to agents. VOICE PUB. CO., 113 Voice Bldg., Cblcaee. FnVPlnnD( pnnted-to-order, only $1 per MOO: send LIITCIupcj, for free sample and itate your buslneas. SUGRAPEVINES 100 Varieties. Also Smail Fruiis, Trees, Ac. Hi--t r.>ot- ed ^tock. Genuine. (•lie:ip. " sample vines mailed for 10c. Descriptive price-Ustfree. Lewis Roesch, Fredonia, N.Y. Sir^yifberHes p> 300 Choice Plants, Ex- press Prepaid for 3 1 .50. 100 each of early, medium and late, None stronger or better. Otter good to any express office In U. S. It pays to get the best. Beauti- ful Strawberry Catalogue Free. W. F. Allen, Salisbury, Md. 9 I n-BO For I ^ 200 Egg '^INCUBATOR Perfect in construction and action. Hatches every fertile egg. Write for catalog to-day. GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III SCRAWNY CHICKS lack sufficient nourishment. Fatten them — make them healthy — feed them Mrs. Pinkerton's Chick Food. It prevents bow- el trouble. It's all food— easily digested. Write forcatalogof prize birdsat St. Louis and Chicago 1903 Shows. Gives prices and valuable information. Anna U Pinkerton Compmy, Box 28 , Hastinr Neb. ECG,OR HOW NIANDY CDCC PAID THE MORTGAGE I If kk a book that will help every poultry keeper solve all th<^ problems and make poultry keeping pay. An ac- count of actual experience, you ought to read. Free if you mention this paper, tieo. H. Lee Co., Omaha, Neb. This Lightning Lice Killing Machine kills all lice and luites. No injury to birds or feathers. Handles any fowl, smallest chick to lartret^t gobbler. Made in three sizes Pays for itself first season. A\so Lij/htning Lire Killinq i'owder , Pimltry Bits, Lice Murder, etc. We secure special low express rates. Cataloe mailed free. Write ror it. CHAELES SCHILI), Ionia, Uicb. I nL UnUVWIl for cutting green bones. For the poultryman. Best in the world. Lowest in price. Hend for circular and testi- monials. Wilson Bros., EA»TO,\, PA. POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20lh Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated. 50c yr., shows readers how to succeed with Poultry. Special Introductory Offer. 3years60cts; 1 year2:)cts; 4 months trial lOcts. Stampsftccepted. Sample copy free. 148 page illustratea practical iiitry book free to yearly subscribers, talogue of poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co., g;?*ngfleid. o. FENCE! STROMGEST MADE. Buu strong, Chicken- Tight. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale Prices. Fnlly Warranted. Catalog Free. COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box iui, ffinebester, Indiana, U. S. A. 1004 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 299 Creider's Fine Catalog of Prize>Wlnnio{ Poultry for 1904. This book le printed in different col- ors. CoutaiDS a Fine Cliromo of llfenko fowls saitable for trani- ing. It illustra.es anil describee GOvarietiPS of poultry, diuks, geese, etc. It shows best equip- ped poultry yardq and houses— how to build houses ;ciire for dispases ; IJt-st Lice Destroyer how to make Lens lay; poultry t^iippliee and such inlormaiion a-iisot much u-e to ;ill who k ep chickens. Prices of eprtrsand stock witliin reach of 1.11. Send 10 cents lor this noted book. r n. n. GKEIDEH, RHEEn.S, PA. CHICKS GET BETTER START in a <;r»>at Soott Iiic-ubator. No foul, dead air to kill genu or de'veluiiing chicks. Eggs in a (ireat Scoll get pure, warm air. Kvery corner at just right tem- peralvire. Great Scott chicks are hardy, strong, plump. Send for free, illustrated catalog — now. Scott Incuhiitor Co. ISux !>4 Indianapollg, Ind. POVLTRY. PAYS when the hens lay. Keep them laying. Fur hatching and brood- ing use the best reasonable priced Incubators and Brooders ^ built upon honor, sold upon giaarantee, THE ORMAS lu A. Banta, LiKonier, Indians Y I OU'RE LOOKING for just such a machine as Miller' snow J" Ideal Incubator, tlie perfect hatcher, sent on 80 days' trial. Abso- lutely automatic. Test it yourself. Big poultry and poultry supply book free. _ J. W. Miller Co., Box 48,Freeport,Ill. All Business No hazard, no eiiierimentiug. You hatch the most and brood ihe best with The Successful P.nth incubator and bro' have proven tlieir way. Prompt sliipmcnt of Eastern orders from our IJutlalo house IncubatorCatalog free, wiib Poultry Catalog liicts. Pes Molnas Inch. Co., Dept. B 0 3, Pes Moines, la. GYPIiERS Incubators Palent Diaphragm, Non-Moislore, Seir.Ventilaliii^', Self-Ke^'ulatlug. \o other incubator has or can have our pat- ented features. No other incul.ator will hatch BO many Iar(;e aud vigorous chicks. We guarantee this or will refund your mnney. Adopted by 36 Gnvernmeiit Ex- ent Statu-ns. Complete cataloeua u name this paper. Ad- STRICTLY -AUTOMATIC THROUGHOUT IWMfreelf 7 offic CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO. Bullalo, Chicago, Boston, New York. CHICKS THAT LIVE get St rung and healthy— gain steadily in weight, are chicks hatched in Iteliable lucubator.s. The Reliable provide"; automatically a constant current oC odorless, warm nir at a uniform temperature— chicks pip, hatcli and thrive un- der its nature-like conditions. Send ]0 cents and (jet our 2nih annual catalog— full of poultry information. Reliable Incubater and Brooder Co., Box B-'49 > Quincy, III. 30 DAYS FREE Why buy a "pivj in ap-ike" whea you can ^et tlie OAVAI INCJSATORon K\flALi 30 Days Free Trial. Al'solutely self-re^^ulatin^. Try it and keep it only if you like it. Send for catalo^'-and freetri.d plan. W'ith poultry paper one ye; Royal Incb. Co., Dep. 503, Ces Nolnes Ja. BVILT TO LAST Never outclassed— Sure Ilatcli Ii|eubators. Built better than your house. No hot centers; no chilling draughts on sensitive egtrs. Every cubic inch in egg chamber at uniform, blood tem- perature of fowl. It'sacontinual pleasure to hatch nearly every fertile egg with a Sure Hatch.* Free catalogue C jO with pictures tells lively story. SriJE HATCH LNCCBATOIi CO. Clay Ceuter, Neb. ludiaaapolis, Ind. to get high per cent hatches. GEM INCUBATORS Wake every germ and hatch it -fetching chicks that live. Learn allabout em in free catalog. Write now. The Cem Incubator Co. 58 Dayton. O. -y^mmmhmM A good name for the Iowa Round Incu- bator that so often out-hatches its keenest competitors. Any ques- tions? Our new catalogue answers them all. It is free— send for it. Iowa Incubator Co. Box 197. Des Moines. la 20 YEAR GUARANTEE Goes with the old original Prairie State Incubators and Brooders. U.S. Govern- ment uses them exclusively. Have won 3S3 tirst prizes. Our free catalog interests poultry . raisers. Send for it. PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATOR CO. Komer City, Pa. This is the Limit A Hot Water. Self-Regulating, 50 egg Incubalcir $4.IJ0. $:>.00 and up for Uroodeis. All on 30 DAVS' TRIAL. No agents. You pay no middlemen's profits. See catalogue for "lOU^ Hatches. Write BUCKEYE INCUBATOR COMPANY., Box 64 . Springfield, Ohit 300 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 Tliis Factory is Good for $50 This Factory is a Guar- $ antee that backs up our it Hio SPECIAL BUGGY 50 that we make to order, an 1 sell on ,30 L>J\YS' l^UHH Trifil Willi a two- y o n r Jroti- f/;i(/ Ciuur- ■ri 11 t e e . We make only Split- hickory vehicles. Expert work- men and modern machinery and methods are em- ployed the year round by >is making nothing else that vSplil- hickory vehicles to be sold direct to users. Back of everj' Split-hickory Buggy stands this great factory, with its years of successful opera- tion, constantly increasing ouiput; progressive, up to the times in every particular We will ship promptly Will all«w you to use it 30 da>s before you d-^cide whether to keep it or not, and will give Every Split hickory .Special Buggy is furuished complete with good High Padded leather Dash, Fine Quality, full-length Carpet, Side-curtains, Storm-apron, Quick-shifting Sliatt-couplings, Full-leathtred Shafts with ;-!9-inch Point leathers, Special Heel braces and Corner- braces. Full detcription of this Special-Bargain Buggy at ^0. Send for our Free 136-page Catalog of Split hick' rv Vehicles and Harness. A'OTJE— We manufacture a full line of high-grade Harness, sold direct to the user at wholesale prices. The GKIO CARRIAGE M'F'6 CO., 1820 Sixth St., Cincinrati, Ohio, H. C. PHELPS, President. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 301 '4» it* •J* it'. Waller S. Pouder. Established 1889. 9 Supplies. Distributor of Root's Goods from the best shipping point in the Country. My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Co., and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. Dovetaiicd Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee Smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact, everything used by Bee-keepers Headquarters in the West for the Danzenbaker Hive which is s J I ipidly g-aining- la popularity among- our most successful comb honey producers. Investigate its merits- No order too small, and none too lar$;e. " Satisfaction guar- anteed " goes with every shipment. A pleased customer is the best advertisement that my business has ever had. Remember that it is always a pleasure to respond promptly to any commu- nication pertaining to the bee or honey industry. Beeswax Wanted.— I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make small ship- ments by express; large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your name on the package. 1 have Hundreds of Letters reading similar to this : Elgin, Iowa, Feb. 3, 1904. Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. Aly Dear Friend: — I will now let jou know that I have received ray goods. I thauk you ever so much for the fine gfiods you have sent nie. 1 h^pe to deal with you further in the near future. Yours veiy truly, Tofield Lehman. riy Illustrated Catalog is mailed free to every applicant, dress your communications to Ad- WALTER S. POUDER, 513=515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ►^-^v>iiJe-^iiJ^i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*^ 302 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Mar. 15 ATTENTION! QUEENS! During 1904 we will raise and offer you our best queens. Untested, Jl.OO each, $5.00 for 6; 89.00 for 12. Tested queens, $1.50 each; best breeders. fo.UO each. One, two, and three IraiHe nuclei a specialty. Full colonies, and bees by the car-load. Prompt attention to your orders, and safe arrival guaranteed. Satis- faction will be our constant aim. We breed Italians, Carniolans, Cyprians, and Holy-l,ands, in separate yards, 5 to 2.5 miles apart. Our stock can not be excelled in the world, as past records prove. New blood and the best to be had. Queens will be reared under the supervision of E. J. Atchley, a queen-breecer for 30 years. Write for catalog telling how to rear queens, and keep bees for profit. THP; SOUTHLAND QUEEN, $1.00 per year. "TKe Jer^nie Atclnley Co., Box 18, Beeville, Tex. TeiMiessee Queens. Daughters of select imported Italians, select long- tongue (Moore's), and select golden, bred '2j{ miles apart, and mated to select drones. No impure bees within three and but few within five miles. No dis- ease; 31 years' experience. All mismated queens re- placed free. Circular free. Safe arrival guaranteed. John M. Da-vis, Spring Hill, Tenn. Price before July 1st. I 1 ( 6 I 12 After July 1st. 116 12 Untested || 75| 4 OOi 7 GOil 601 3 25 Select I 1 001 5 Olll 9 001 75 4 25 Tested 1 50 8 OOJl-iOfi 1 25 6 60 Select tested 2 00 10 OOllSOO 1 50 8 GO 600 800 12 00 15 00 If tHe BEST Queer^s are wHat yoti want. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than lUUO fine queens in stock ready for early orders. Wo guurautee satisfaction or your money back. ^We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and tive banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested quceni, $1.50 each; 6 for $7,00, or $12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-band( d Italians, Holy Lands^and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $4.00 each for straight breeders of their sect. _ Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address Xhe Bee ai\d Honey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Xex. OUR. SPECIAI.TIES Cary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hive and Supers, Root's Sections, Weed Process Foundation, and Bingham Smokers. :: :: ■: •; ■: Bees and Qtieez^s is\ tHeir Seasox^. 32>]>age Catalogf Free '^- 'W. CARY (SL SON, Lyonsville, Mass.== >^ Doolittle Says: ^ >^ Be veiy choice of this Breedtr; if ever a Queen was worth $100, she is." Then we have Breeders from our s'traiii that gave the big yields in '94. and which some of the largest bee-keepers in Cuba say can't be beat. They swarm but little and are honey-getters. We are breeding for honey gatherers more than color We cull our cells and queens, and warrant queens purely mated. Price-: Select untested, |l. 00; select, $1. '25 tested, $1.50; select, $2 00, breeders, |;3 00, $1 00, and f3 00. Circulars free. J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. QUEERS FOR 1904 BM^^^^ M«y, 81.00 each ; six for $5.00. Tested, in March and April, $1.25 each ; six for $7.00. Orders by return mail. Am booking orders for early delivery. Sold 1800 last year. Can fill all orders, no matter how large. DANIEL WURTH, Karnes City, Karnes Co., Texas. Mention Gleanings in your order. ARE YOU IN NEED OF EARLY QUEENS ? If so, we can supply you by return mail with the CHOICEST of TESTED QUEENS for $1 each. These queens are healthy, vigorous, and prolific, and from our reliable strain of three-band Ital- ians, which are unsurpassed as honey-gather- ers. Safe arrival, and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for price list and see what others say about our queens. J.W. K. SHAW & CO., Loreauville, La. Leather Colored Italians For Sale I strain took first premium Minnesota State Fair, 1901 and iy02. Ready May 1st. Eght or nine frame I^ang- strolh hives, $.5.00; ten frame, $t).00 each, f o. b. Milaca. W. R. ANSELL, Mille Lacs Apiaries„ MILACA, niNN. Queens for vSale BEST Golden and Leather Colored Italian Queens, Untested, 75c each; tested, $1 50 Holyland Queens, best for Southwest, $1.00 for warranted; $1 50 tested. Breeders, 83 00 to $5 00 each. -Slone Bee Company,- tSlone» Lra. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 303 Golden Italian and Leather Cilored, QUEENS Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared bv Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder. We guarantee every queen sent out to please you, or it may be returned inside of HO days, and another will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1S88, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long-tongued Red-Clover Breeders In the United States. We .>-end out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any State, continental island, or European Country. The A.. I Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our .'tock, from time to time. Dr. J. I,. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., says that he secured over -100 pounds of honey (mostly combi, from single colonies containing our queens. We have files of unsolicited testimonials, but space forbids giving any here. We employ 400 swarms in queen-rearing, the business is a specialty with ns. We expect to keep 600 to 1200 queens on hand. Early in the spring, when the weather is cool queens will be shipped form the South. Parkertown, O,, was our po>toffice, but we have changed to Bellevue which has 13 mails each way daily. (No more of our queens will be jerked from a crane.) Our new circular now ready to mail. ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO Price of Queens Before July First. J" 12 Select I $1 00 I $.5 00 I $9 CO V Tested 150 1 8 00 | 15 00 JU Select Tested 2 00 10 CO 1 18 00 % Breeders 4 00 | J^ Straight Five-band Breeders 6 00 | 7^ Palestine Queens 2 00 10 00 | 18 00 $ Two-comb Nuclei, no queen.. | 2 50 14 00 I 25 10 i? Full Colony on eight frames.. | 6 00 30 00 Sf Four fr's brood, 4 fr's fdn.... | 5 00 | 25 00 | % Special low price on Queens and t Nuclei in 50 and 100 Lots. 2> Quirin=the=Queer»= Breeder, Beiievue, o. Victor's- ^ Superior Stock Is recognized as such, to the extent that last .'eason I was compelled to withdraw my ad. to keep from being swamped with orders. THIS SEASON I SHAI,L, RUN MY Thirteen Hundred Colonies Exclu= sively for Bees and Queens — -and will therefore soon be able to — Have 2000 to 2200 Colonies and Nuclei in Operation which warrants me in promising prompt service. Untested QueensSlOO; select un- tested $1.25; tested (f I .50; select tested $2.50; breeders $4 00 to $7.00. Illustrated piice list free for the asking. v: W. O. VICTOR, Queen Specialist. WhaftOn, TCX. Choice Queens for 1904- We are again ofifering queens of the best stock ob- tainable. All breeding-^iueens are selected, first, for superior honey produciion, and pleased customers are constantly sending in reports like the following: Georgiana, Fla., Jan. 29, 1904. The untested queen I got of you last March was a dandy. I raised about all my queens from her, and they are all far ahead of the common run. ICELAND Baldwin. Toronto Can., April 8, 1903. I am well pleased with your stock, my ordering again is proof of their qualities. They proved gen- tle and were good workers. Hoping that you can fill my order, I am yours truly, Thos. Aikins. Untested queens of Golden or l,eather Italians, or Carniolans, warranted pure, f 1.00 each, $i».00 per dozen. Tested, $1.25 each, $12 00 per dozen. GEORGE J. VANDE VORD, Daytona, Fla. HONEY QUEENS I shall continue breeding those fine queens for the coming season of 1904. Meantime I shall carry over a large number of queens in nuclei with which to fill orders the coming winter and early spring. I am breeding the Holy L,ands, the Golden and Leather strains of pure Italians. Your orders will receive prompt and careful attention. Single queen, |1.25; five for $5 00. Breeders of either race, $3.00 each. W. H. Laws, Beeville, Texas. will sell in May, 100 or 200 nuclei, three or four frame, with tested, or untested queens, or without queens, at prices pur- chaser can afford to pay. B. F. Averill, Howaidsville, Va. 304 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted under this head at 15 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, and you must SAY you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fifle ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices offt-ring articles for sale, will bf charg-d our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w w ANTED. — Full colonies of bees for spring delivery. \Vm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St.. Philadelphia, Pa. ANTED. — Full colonies of bees for spring delivery. J. B. Mason. Mechanic Falls, Me. IVANTED — To exchange modern firearms for in- '" cubators Address 216 Court Street, Reading, Pa. V^ANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, '* and uncapping can. for honey. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. w w w w ANTE n.— Grade, horned. Dorset ewes {^^ or }i blood). Give price, age, etc. H. J. Bdtler, Jr., R )ute 17, Nashport, O. ANTED.— Wax for White Wyandotte.^ and I^eg- horns eggs, and 6-inch foundation mill. Box 37, Altamont, N. Y. ANTED. — To exchange for offers 6-horse engine. 10-horse boiler, ICO gal. copper, all good as new. Chas H. Thies, Chester, 111. ANTED — Bees in April, near coast so they can be shipped to New York citv by water. I. J. Stringham, If'o Park Place, New York. IVANTED — Se ond hand Barnes foot-power saw. '"^ State how long used condition, and price; also whether the new or old style. The A I Root Co., 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. IVANTED.— A partner with $5000 in bees and cash. "' Unlimited range in best country on earth. In- teresting proposition to right party. Address Floresville, Tex., Call Box 82. Y^ ANTED. — Bte-keepers who have lost bees the past "■^ winter to adopt my double-walled chaff hive this season. Write for full description and prices. Gi:o E Hilton, Fremont. Mich. IVANTED- To exchange for bees, poultry, eggs, or '' apiarian sunolies. one Monarch Incubator, 600- egg size; one 100 egg Incubatnr; both are hot-wa'er machines and in good condition; and two English Pointer dogs S. Whann, Raymilton, Pa. IVANTED — Bees in Dovetailed or Largstroth hives, '" full colonies in the immediate vicinity of Chicago. Write promptly, stating number of colonies offered, condition, price at which they will be delivered in Chicago, etc. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. Situations Wanted. Help Wanted. W W ANTED -Industrious young man to do work on farm and bee work. Address O. H. Townsend, Otsego, Mich. ANTED — A man to work in apiary; state age, ex- perience, and wages expected. Ch-vs. Adams Greely, Colo. ANTED — Bee-man to run 200 colonies on shares or for wages. Would be in sole charge. W R. Anskll. Mille Lacs Apiaries. Milaca, Minn. VVANTED.- Young man with some experience as as- '^' sistant apiaiist, for four or five months. 500 colo- nies, latest methods, fine climate State age, experi- ence, and waee-^ dt sired. Give reference. E. F. Atwater, Box 915, Boise, Idaho. w yv ANTED. —Situation with an up-to-date queen- breeder, east of the Miss River, to learn the business. I have experience with bees (queen-rfaring excepted) in both the East and West. Correspondence solicited Address Qi'een Breeder, Care The A. I. Root Co . Medina, Ohio. Addresses Wanted. W ANTED.— Addresses of bee keepers who use chaff hives. Geo E. Hh,ton, Fremont, Mich. w ANTED — Catalogs of bee-keepers other than the A. I. Root Co. A. E. Titoff, Medina, O. w w ANTED. — Addresses of parties interested in poul- try supplies. Griggs Bros. 523 Monroe St., Toledo, O. ANTED. — Your address on a postal for a little book on Queen-Rearing. Sent free. Address Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass. \VANTED. — To furnish you with groceries at reduc- ""^ ed prices. Send for our free catalog. Vickery Bros , Evansville, Ind. WANTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the truth about it by subscribing for the Hsivana Post, the only English p^per on the island. Published at Havana. 81 00 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale. — A limited amount of ginseng sets. C. G. Marsh, Kirkwood, Broome Co., N. Y. For Sale.— Red Clover and Italian Queens Send for circular, G. Routzahn, Biglervllle, Pa. For Sale. — Melilotus seed, $2.50 per bushel: 2-oz. pkg., 10c. W. P. Smith, Penn. i,owndes Co., Miss. For Sai e. — 300 colonies bees, good house and seven acres alfalfa. W. C Gathright, I,as Cruces, N. M. For Sale. — 75 colonies of bees packed in chaff on summer stands; also 200 lbs. of comb honey. Route 3. H. Wilber, Morenci, Mich. For Sale.— .57 New AE5 8 fr. Root's Dovetailed hives in flat for »5o 00, or 10 for f 10; also 10 new 2S 8-frame supers in flat for $3 -50. R. S. Chapin, Marion, Mich. For Sale.— Pure maple syrup Prices quoted on application. Address Perry C. Kellogg, Hinckley, Medina Co., Ohio. For Sale— White Leghorns, extra laying strain, cockrels and hens ; eggs, $1 50. Reference, bank. P. Hostetler, East Lynne. Mo. For S*le. — Redwood bee-hive bodies for 10 I,ang- strolh frames, 30c each; also Hoffman frames. H. Vogeler, 210 Davis St., San Francisco, Cal. For Sale.— Single-comb White Leghorn eggs from extra laying strain 15 81 00 30, 81 75 100 $4.00 C. M. Woolver, Richfield Sp ings, N. Y. For Sale.— 5000 L- extracting combs, in first-class condition, at 10 c each. Also 200 8 trame painted bodies at 2.oc. H. & W. J. Manley, Sanilac Center, Mich. For Sai e.— Carload of bees in perftct order, in Heddon hives (2 storie-). Price $1 ('0 per colony, de- livered at any one of three roads. Will pay freight to any railway station in lower peninsula of Michigan, or adjoining States. No foul brood in this part of Michigan. O. H. Townsend, Otsego, Mich. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 305 For Sale. — Twenty Daiizy. Supers, used once, price ()0c; J!5 8-franie L Supers, good as new, price 30c; 50 shallow Ex. Supers, new. price aOc. W. U SOPER, R. D. 3, Jackson, Mich. For S.-\le — o for best list. See the catalog. ^Harry N. Hammond Seed Co., Ltd._ Jlox 9 Bay City, Micha se:e:d«s A.lxnost every one is tHinKing of planting garden noAV. To Have tKe best garden you must plant tKe best seeds. Let us start you on tbe road to suc- cess. CL^'^c are successors to tKe seed business of Mr. A. I. Root. "TKe best seed at tKe lowest prices** '%vas Kis motto and tKe one '%ve are follo^ving'. CHave you seen our catalog'? "Write us a postal, mentioning Cleaning's, and '%ve '%vill send you a copy, and include a trial pacKage of our improved FordKooR Fancy tomato. E. C. Green (Q, Son, Seedsmen, Medina, - - Ohio. SEED^iPOTATOES^ IV 500,000 BUSHELS |i ;^IF©^ SALEXHEARf ^ Largest seed potato grolvers in the Ivorld I Klegant stock Tremendous yields. From 400 to 1000 bushels per acre. f€)R SO CEl^TB and this notice we send you lots of farm Sfi-d samples nnd bK ciUalogue, te.iing all about Teosinte. Speltz, Peaoat. Aerid Land Barley, Macaroni Wheat, Bronius, Earliest Cane, em. bend lor same today. JOHN A.SALIER. SEEP CO. LA CROSSE, WIS. SWEET=POTATO SEED Sound, bright stock; most popu- lar varieties. Send for de- scriptive price list. :-: :-: L. H. Mahan, ''°\, Terre Haute, Ind. AGENTS WANTED— New Ohio Map just published. I,aigett and btst on the market. Write for terms and territory at once and get to work. R.\ND, McN.JlLLV & CO., Chicago, 111. ANY ONE wishing to loan or invest money in Cuba on good security, and large interest write Joseph Clark, Caballos, Cuba. 306 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Mar. 15 JOS. NYSEWANDER, DES MOINES, IOWA. "Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices-- OUR NEW BUILDING, just completed, and built especially for our large and increasing supply trade, is filled with the largest stock of supplies ever carried in the West. Eighteen years in the supply business, with last year by far the largest in our history, proves we give satisfaction. We can satisfy you. Our goods are unexcelled, and our prices are right. Remember there are discounts on orders received now. We are centrally located, have every convenience for handling business with dispatch, and our shipping facilities are the best. O 0 <{> Write to-day for our large illustrated FREE catalog. Address Jos. Nysewander, 565-567 W 7th l!Des Moines, la, t^y^^y!^ MarsKjQeld Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in. the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. "We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. 23>ie MarsKfielcl Manufacturing Company, MarsKHeld, VTis. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 307 fi«r fi«r »iC fiC' UPPLIES »iC »|C fC »|C LEWIS' GOODS AT FACTORY PRICES. Write to us to day and say what you want and get our prices. New Catalog of 84 pages. It is free. We also handle HOOSIER INCUBATORS AND BROODERS. O. IVI. Soo-ttL & O I004 E. Wash Street, INDIANAPOLIS. IND. mpany. The Best Bee=goods in the World are no better than those we make, and the chances are that they are not so good. If you buy of us Yon will not be Disappointed. We are undersold by no one. Send for new catalog and price list and free copy of THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER; in its thir- teenth year; 50 cts. a year; especially for beginners. The W. T. Falconer ManT g Co., Jamestown, N. Y. W. M. Gerrish, Eppiug. New Hampshire, catries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save the freight. Kretchmer Manfc. Co. Box60, RED OAK. IOWA. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- ' ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- < snring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, •and prompt shipment We want every ' bee keeper to have our FREE ILLUSTR A.T- ' ED CATALOG, anrl read description of ' Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. [mg-lVR/TE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. I Trester Supply Company, Lincoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Chas. A. Meyers, Leipsic, Ohio. 308 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. 15 BEESWAX MARKET. As spring approaches, the niaiket price of beeswax is somewhat firmer, and we will offer, until further no- tice, 29 cts. cash, 31 in trade, for average wax delivered here. BUSINESS BOOMING. Although we have shipped at least twelve more car- loads to our dealers ihan we had done up to the same dale last year, yet we are more than twenty-five cars behind on carload orders. From reports received we find the tiade of several of middle-western dealers has more than doubled over their trade a year ago. FAULTLESS SPRAYER. We have sold a good many hundred of these spray- ers in the past few years. They are used for a variety of purposes such as sprayine potato-vines and other plants; for ins ct pests, sprayinsr of cows and horses with kerosene, to keep off the flies, etc. Desiring to close out what stock we have on hand we offer them at the following special cut prices. All tin. 27 cts. each; $3 00 per dozen Tin and galv iron .So cts. each; f4.00 per dozen. All brass, 5.5 cts. each; $6 00 per dozen. EXTRACTED HONEY. We keep on hand a large stock of extracted honey from different sources, and are prepared to supply at the prices shown below. The following flavors are usually in stock. PACKAGES. By far the largest part of our honey comes put up in the (0 lb. square tin cans, two cans in a case. We also get some in kegs and barrels We agree to furnish it only in such package s as we happen to have. Unless \ ou find price quoted for different packages, it is understood that we furnish only in 5gallon and 1- gallon cans. PRICES. — F. O. B. MEDINA, CHICAGO, OR PHILADELPHIA Kind. V a .2 ° 1 case of 2 five- gallon cans. V > ■ si o M o a 2 bea ait 2S , <^ ■-co 0 CS tss a U o oer lb per lb per lb per gal per gal White Clover Basswood Alfalfa 8^ 7 6J^ 8 8 8 6 "'A 6 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 10 1 00 1 10 1 10 1 10 Orange 1 00 Aiiber 90 Special Notices by A. I. Root. A SCATHING INDICTMENT— GAMBLING IN THE HOME. When I copied the above tract in our i'sue for Feb I I failed to .say that it came from Mr. S F Eastman, Uniontown. Pa., a miss'omry in the employ of the American Sunday-school Union. He will be glad to furnish at a very low price as many of the tracts as you may care to use, SHALLOTS — THE BEST-KEEPING POTATO ONIONS KNOWN. We have two or three bushels left of this desirab'.e early onion that we can furnish at 20 cents a quart postpaid. The shallot is superior to all other onions, because it can be kept almost anywhere without sprouting. In fact, they have been kept hard and firm clear through the summer, ready for planting the sec- ond year. If you have had trouble with sprouted on- ions in the spring you had better try some shallots. Plant them j:ist as soon as the frost is out of the ground— the sooner the better. THE NORTHERN MICHIGAN BEE KEEPERS' ASSOCIA- TION. We hope our fr^erds in Northern Michigan will make a good turnout to the convention in Traverse City. March 30. 31. We have not only quite a lot of en- thusiastic and successful bee-keepers in that region, but soiTie of the most expert fruit g'owers and potato- growers found anywhere in the world. Besides, Traverse Citv is a very neat and pretty town of about 10 000 inhabitants. If you have never been there it mav be worth while to vi-it a town where there is no coal smoke to make every thing sooty and black. Aft- er the convention I expect to spend a week or more at the ca'^in in the woods making maple sugar and looking after our peach-trees, etc. THAT WONDERFUL FARM OF 15 ACRES NEAR PHILA- DELPHIA. We have now on hand about half a doz^n excellent articles describing this wonderful farm, and almost as many more clippings from the leading agricultural papers in regard to it. The U S. Department of Agri- cul'ure has got hold of it and they expect to put out a bulletin. In fact, so much has been said about it that the proprietor (Rev. J D Detrick of Flourtown, one mile fiom city limits) has asked the government to pay him a salarv fo- stopping his work to receive visit- ors, answer questions, and makirg his place a gener al thoroughfare for the whole United Slates. Per- haps we shall not be able to use all the articles on the subject; btit I confess I feel a little bit proud of the wav in which the readers of Gleanings keep us post- ed on what is going on in the world. Many thanks to you all, dear friends. Kind Words from our Customers. I should be lost now to have Gleanings stop coming twice a month. Please put me down as a li^e subscrib- er ; wnd when Uncle Amos or any of the Gleanings family come east, or to visit their Roton branch, my good wife and I shall be much pleased to entertain them at our home. F. M. Taintor. Shelburne, Mass. [Thanks for your kind invitation, friend T. W? have a book to put down these invitati->ns to call ; and when we (ravel on the automobile or in any other -^ ay, if time will permit ve propose to call on our friends, and get acquainted ; so if you want your name on rur book, do not be backward a'lout saying so — A. I. R.] A SACRED and SOLEMN RFSPONSIBILITY. Just when I think I begin to understand A. I. Root he .says something I do not believe ; but before long he has tiie thinking the same way he does I hope he may live long to cheer the readers of Gleanin<;s with his Home talks. J T. 1,ewis. Erie. Col. [Friend 1,.. I thank you for your kind words; but if there are many like you it almost makes me tremble with the responsibility that rests on my shoulders ; and come to think of it. this same responsibility rests on every teacher and everv editor, more esperially the editors of our hnme periodicals. It illustrates how exceedingly careful we sho!ild be, we who have the confidence of a large class of people, that we make no mi'-take and do not go wrong. My daily praver is that God may keep me from teaching error. I pre- sume that you here a'lude to scientific matters, weath- er-prophets, Flec^Topoise. etc. Now. in order that I may keep well posted in these matters a grot part of my time is sper't in consulting the leading scientific periodicals of the age. I am studying haid to keep posted and up to the times, in all departments of sci- ence as well as of agric ilture and all rural indui-tries. When matters come up before me wh^re I need help, our Ohio Experiment S'ation (and others) are always glad to give me aid The Department of Ag'iculture at Wa.shington has often helped me ; the Weather Bu- reau is quite frequentlv consulted and last but not least. Prof. W ilev, the United States Chemist, has oft- en read nij' articles on scientific matters, and has ex- pressed a willingness to help me teach o'tkodo.v sci- ence. In matters of health the ablest physicians of our land frequently give me advice in regard to what I write.— A. I. R.] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 309 t*^ SPECIAL • SHOULD NOW BE- GIVEN TO YOUR QUEENS. YOUR SURPLUS HONEY Will Depend on the Age and Quality of the Queen Mother. K 4l NOWING how much depends on having such queens as can be relied on to produce honey, we use extra care in the selection of our breeding stock. Select- ed queens are given one year's trial in our out- yards, and those only are used for breeding that have shown a marked superiority in the yield of surplus honey. Tested and select tested queens can be had on receipt of order, and nuclei and untested queens by April i. We give special attention to the shipment of nuclei and our large apiaries enable us to supply them in any quantities promptly. One pleased customer says : " The bees came on the 27th, and they are simpl}^ elegant." For prices of bees, queens, hives, and other supplies, send for our 64-page catalog. J. M. JENKINS, WETU/MPKA, = ALABAMA. ^ 310 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mar. is PAGE & LYON, NEW LOiyOON, WSSCONSIN. Manufacturers of and Dealers in BEE- -K EEPERS' SUPPLIES t^ ^ \ PER CENT DISCOUNT FOR MARCH. 5eiid for Our FREE, New Illustrated Catalog ai\d Price List. >i» ^ I Dittiner's Foundation •RETAIL AND WHOLESALE- I Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the Cleanest a.n f^ f^ f$> <4» ^|» db eh J Let me sell you the Best Goocis Ma«3e; you will be pleased on receipt *?* ^ of them, and save money by ordering- from me. Will allow you a discount on ^ P$> early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is f^ f^ one of the best shipping- points to reach all parts of the Union, particularly f^f^ ^^ in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction ♦ ■^ guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed i ^ promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :: •• •• ^ <$' ■■ ^|^ ^^ I Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and X ^ a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and '^^^ ^■^ without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey ^ •4^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and <5l* (^ bee-veils. ^ •^ (^ jt^ I Shall be Pleased to Book Your Order for Queens; Golden x T Italians, Red-clover, and Carniolans. Will be ready to furnish nuclei, be- *^^ *4^ ginning with June, of all the varieties mentioned above. *^J^ '^ I will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and ^ ^^^ shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- <^ Ju* rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. jj^ wj» I have in Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants: Sweet- (^ ^^ scented clover, white, and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- ^^ js. celia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. z_ 4^ d^ 4^ (^ (^ up ^f' t|j 316 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs uusoiled by travel- Btain or otherwise ; all the cells sealed exceot an occasional cell, the outside snrfaceof the wood well scraped of propolis. A No. 1.— All s' L nin well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; c 'tabs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is, there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Milwaukee. — The market on honeyhas not changed very materially since our last report The supply con- tinues ample to supply the demand. The sales are slow, yet it is going out, but not as fast as we or ship- pers desire, and there may be a probability of some comb honey being carried beyond the spring season; Yet, as there is a good margin of time before another crop, we are hoping it will all sell at fair values, and we shall do all we can to get a lair value tor all fancy stock. We quote: Fancy 1-lb. sections, 12@13; A 1-lb. sections, 11Ccv comb honey is selling at $225; No. 1 from 2.00 to S2.15; amber honey, and combs that are not well filled, are selling at just what prices the trade will pay. Extracted honey is moving very slowly; there is very little demand for amber, and white is selling at G@S]4- No demand for barrleed stock. C. C. Clemons & Co., March 22. Kansas City, Mo. Cincinnati. — The honey market continues tobe dull ; if any thing, the prices on comb honey are lower; con- cessions are made on bigger lots. I quote fancy white comb from 12i4@, 14. Sales on extracted are made at the following prices: Amber in barrels. 5'^ @.5%; in cans I4c more. Alfalfa, water-white, 6(a»6J^; strictly white clover for extra fancy, 714®8. Beeswax, 30. C. H. W. Weber, Mar. 19. 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. Buffalo.— Demand for white comb honev is im- proving. There is a scare on about selling adulterated extracted honey, and the trade is afraid to handle ex- tracted. Fancy white comb 12!^@13 A No. 1, 12® 12 5^; No 1, 11 '^©12; No. 2, lOrail; No. ?, 9(a.\0: No 1, dark, 10@11; No. 2. dark, 9®10. White extracted, 6M@7; amber, 5}^@6; dark, 5(q5%. Beeswax, 28®.32 W. C. TOWNSEND. Mar. 24 Buffalo, N. Y DENVER. — There is sufficient stock in this market to meet the local demand. No. 1 white, f2.50(a.'2.75 per case of 24 sections; No. 2 white. $2.2.5@2.40 per case of 24 sections. White extracted, 7@75^. Clean yellow beeswax wanted at 28(5.30 cents per pound, according to color. The Colo. Honey Producers' Ass'n., March 21. 1440 Market St., Denver, Colo. Boston. — There is nothing new to note, either re- garding the condition of our honey market or prices. The demand is naturally not so heavy as it was, owing to ihe warmer weather and the near approach of the maple-sugar season. Prices remain as before. Blake, Scott & I,ee, March 22. Boston, Mass. San Francisco.— New comb per lb., white, 10@12; amber, 8@10; Extracted, water-white. 5^@S: light am- ber, 5@5^; dark amber, 4 ^@5. Beeswax. 26@28. Ernest B. Schaeffle, March 11. Murphys, Cal. Toronto — Honey is selling at retail fairly well; but there is very little demand for large lots at wholesale. Prices are unchanged. Comb, $1.50 per dozen on the average; extracted, from 6@8. wholesale; 9®10 retail in -S-lb. and 10-lb. tins. E. Grainger & Co., March 19. Toronto, Ont. Columbus. — Fair demand for honey, but prices low- er. White ranges from 12@18 as to grade; amber, 10® 11. Evans & Turner, March 22. Columbus, O. For Sale. — I have a few more cases of comb honey (mostly buckwheat), which I will offer at a reduced price to close out. N. 1,. Stevens, R. D. 18, Moravia, N. Y. For Sale. — 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in cases of two new t30-lb. cans each, at 7J4 cts. per lb.; 335-lb. barrels at 7 cts. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R. R. No. 1, Viola, Wis. For Sale. — Thirty barrels choice extracted white- clover honey. Can put it up in any style of package desired. Write for prices, mentioning style of pack- age, and quantity wanted. Sample mailed on receipt of three cents in P. O. stamps. Emil J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale.— Extracted honey. Finest grades for ta- ble use. Prices quoted on application. Sample by mail, 10 cts. to pay for package and postage. Orel I,. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale. — Fancy basswood and white-clover hon- ey; 60-lb cans, 8c; 2 cans or more, 75^c; bbls., 7^c. E. R. Pahl & Co., 294 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. For Sale. — Fine extracted honey for table use, in 60-lb. cans. Price for white, single can, 7J^c; two or more, 7c. Amber, one cent less. C. H. Stordock, Durand, Ills. Wanted. — Honey. -Selling fancy white, 15c; amber. 13c. We are in the market for either local or car lots of comb honey. Write us. Evans & Turner, Columbus, Ohio. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted — Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — Extra fancy comb honey, about 100 lbs. each in Danz and 4i^x4^ sections, the latter in two- beeway and four-beeway sections. The a. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at any time of the year. Write us if you have any to dispose of. HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 317 Wanted. — Comb honey. We have an unliniitedfde- mand for it at the right price. Addres.s, giving c^uauti ty, what gathered from, and lowest cash price at your depot. State also liow packed. Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Fairfield, 111., or Manzanola, Colo. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paj'ing 29c cash or 31 cents per pound in exch.inge for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at m K. Erie St , Chicago, and 10 Vine St.. Philadel- phia. Be sure to send hill of lading when you make the shipment, and advise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The A. I. Root Company, Medina, O. CKas. Israel (Si Brothers 486.4f>0 Canal St., New YorK. Wholesale Dealers aid Commission Merchants in Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. Oonsignments Solicited. Established 1875. Get the shaving habit and use Williams' Shav- ing Soap. It pays. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet " How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. SWEET=POTATO SEED Sound, bright stock; most popu- lar varieties. Send for de- scriptive price list. :-: :-: L H. Mahan, ^°^,,, Terre Haute, Ind. Circular fret-. A1"0 plum, aui'lp, pnar. etc. R. S. JOHNSTON, Box 43, Stockley, Del. $1 Farmers Voice Great Co = Operative Club Send U3 the names of ten friends or neijfhbor.s whom you believe will be interested in a jourual standing? for the farmer's best interests, and we will send you these five preat periodicals each oX which stands at the head of Its class. Farmer's Voice nL^yllltl . $ . 60^ Regular For fortj' years the most earnest PrirP advocate of all things which tend • iiwt to malce life on the farm more pleasurable and profitable. Wayside Tales America's Great SLjrt Story Magazine, 98 pages in regular ma- gazine size of clean stories every month on fine book paper. 1.00 FOR ONLY $1. Tlie American Poultry Journal ,50 The oldest and best poultry paper In the world. The Houselioltl Realm . . .50 For 18 years tlie only woman's paper owned, edited and put>- llshed exclusively by women. M's Family Magazine . .50 The leading Floral Magazine of America.^ For Tick's you may snbBtltute Green's Fruit ©rower. Farm Journal, Blooded Stock, Kansas City Star or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Farmers' Voice free. Liberal terms to agents. VOICE PUB. CO., 113 Voice Bldg., Chicago. Fnyplnnpr printed-to-order, only «1 per 1000: send Lll T CIUIIC J, for free sample and state your business. and ten names of farmers ai aboTe. AGEiTS WANTED Our scales make a good line with specialties, implements, machinery, mill supplies, nursery stock, separators foods, etc. Fine catalog, lib- eral ci ntract, no expense, no experience. Write for full particulars. Act quick. Osgood Scale Co.. 299 Central St., Binghamton, N. Y. 4,000,000 PEACH=TREES TENNESSEE WHOLESALE NURSERIES. June Buds a Specialty. No agents traveled, but sell direct to planters at wholesale prices. Absolutely free from diseases, and true to name. Write us for catalog and prices before placing your order elsewhere. We guarantee our stock to be true to name. Largest peach nursery in the world. Address J. C. HALE, Winchester, Tenn. BEE-SUPPLIES EXCLUSIVELY a :< A COMPLETE LINE OF )( Lewis" fine Bee-supplies, Dadant's Foundation, Bingham's Original ^. Patent Smokers and Knives, Root's Extractors, Gloves, Veils, etc. 5 Queen bees and nuclei in season. In fact every thing- needed in the "Bee-Line" at 5 Factory Prices liere in Cincinnati, where prompt service is yours and freight rates are fi the lowest. Special discount for early orders. :: :: Send for catalog. i The FRED W. MUTH Co. $ [We are successors to nobody, and nobody is successor to us.] ^i 51 WALNUT STREET, - - CINCINNATI, OHIO. 318 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr 1. Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1S73.] Dsvoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CAIvVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. ly. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertisine; Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms; $1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50 ; three years, $2.00; five years, $:i.0O, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontimiancest The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop lis a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes liis journal continued, anl will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time paid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISII^G RATES. Column width, 2J^ inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Line Rates {Nef). Time Discounts. 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 2tO lines® 18 500 lines® 16 lOOOlines^ 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates {Nei). 1 page $10 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circulation Average for 1903, 18,666, The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the ititerests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers: J. V. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, HamiUon, 111 , Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, Los Angeles. Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hdtchinsox, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, IvOveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. CONVENTION NOTICES. The Connecticut Bee-i^c^ jeers' Association will hold their .spring mteting in the capitol, at Hartford, on April 28 1904, to begin at 10: a m. All bee-keepers and their friends are cordially invited to attend A question-box will be opened and several interesting essays pi esented. E. E Smith, Sec. A convention of bee-ketpers will be held at Williams- port, Pa., April 12, at 1:30 p. m., in the courthouse, for the purpose of organising a State Bee keepers' Associ- ation, and also for taking such measures as may be deemed neces-ary to secure Itgi.-lation for the protec- tion of bee-keepers' interests and the prevention and cure of bee dis ases. The importance of the matter is so great that everv bee-l. <'an't work loose. A set ol our wheels will m^ikc youi- old wayou new. catalogue tree. ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., Box 95 Quincy, Ills. ELECTRIC S%A^i^o£r B(Ttfk f^AOJl^ Squabs are raised in one month, bring Bi(j PR CES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultr.vmin, larmers, wo- men. Here is somt-thing WOKTH look- ing INTO. Send for our FREE book, "How to Make Money with Squ.ibs,' and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH KOCK SQUAB CO.,' '289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MAS PRINTING lUOO Note-heads SI. SO ItWI,) Envelopes, XXX, 6 1-2, X.V 3 ■25U of either, ^l.Ull, postpaid. Samples and estimates t KEB 'S'ovi.Bie DBx-cs-tJiex-s, <3ri.vBi.vt3Ly Pa. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 319 ♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦< Very Low-rate Exctirsions to tHe AVest, Nortli- "w^est, and Soutlwvest via WABASH Tickets on sale every day during March and April to San Francisco, Los Angeles. Portland, Seattle, and to intermediate points at proportionately ow fart s on which stop overs will he granted at cer- tain points Also si)ei.ial one-wny, colonist, and round-triii honieseekers' excursion ticket's to Den- ver, Colorado Springs. Pueb'o, an I many other points in the Middle at'd Southern States, which will be on i-ale March 1st and loth, and April 5th and 19th at greatly reduced rates. Commencing April 22nd, and daily until April 30th, the Wabash will sell round-trip tickets to tSan Francisco and I^os Angeles at a rate of less than one first class fare for the round trip, with final return limit of June 30th, 1901. Slop-overs will he allowed at and west of Denver on the^e tickets, which may also be made to read via diverse routes. In addition to this, a stop over privilege of ten days will be accorded to holdeis of these tickets at St. Louis upon payment of a fee of $1 OO. For raies and full information in detail apply by letter or in person to -WABASH TICKET OFFICE, 320 Fiftb Avenue, ^ Pittsbtirffh, Penna. f F. H. TRISTRAM, ^ Assistant Gei:\. Pass. A^t. CHARIvES HAMII^TON, Passenger A^ent. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦»♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»»♦* § Southern Lands g FOR- ^. Bee Culture, General Farming, .^ ^T Live-stock Raising, Fruit, 5^ Jf Truck and Poultry Raising, ^ %k «■ |S in sections traversed by S| « Southern Railway, i< ►2 :; — , & § Mobile & Ohio Railroad, jl •2 J. ^ Good markets, productive soil, valuable Jl jr timber, ht-alth regiiin. Fine old lime «, *i plantations, faini lands, wild lauds, ir ^2 $3 TO $15 PER ACRE. & i^ Interes'insf 1 terature sent free on ap- ^ ^ plication to M V. Richards, Land and ^ * Industrial Agent, Washington, D. C. ^ ►5 CHAS. S. CHASE, T. B. THACKSTON. % AGENT Chemical Bldg., St. Louis. Mo. TRAVELING AGENT 225 IJearhorii St., Cliicago, HI. •2 FREE! I EARN more about the great ^ 1 oultry industry. They make money while yon sleep, and will live on what yon ihrowawav. Our paper tells how to make money on poul- try, eggs, and incubators. Ask forsamplecopy now-it is free. Inland Poultry Journal, 10 Cord Bid. Indianapolis, Ind. one season, planting in ro- tation cauliflower, cucum- bers, egg--plants, in beauti- ful, health-giving Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-growers. Thousands of acres open to free homestead entry. Handsomely illustrated de- scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchange in Vir- ginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Ivine Railway, Portsmouth, Va. Splendid Location for Bee-keepers. ■ lis I ■ IKi of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful section reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets of Michigan farm lands and the fruit belt, address J. E. Uerritt, Manistee, Ulehlgan. 320 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apk, 1 $1 Standard-Bred Queen for 50g (When taking the Weekly American Bee Journal for one year at $1.00 — $1c30 for the Journal and Qiueen) ..|i.. .W«k. ..(>.. We are now booking orders for those 5uperior Standard = Bred Italian Untested Queen= Bees that we have been furnish- ing- for several years past, and that have given such excellent satisfaction. We would like to furnish one or more of them to every reader of this paper. When any bee-keeper can get such a Queen, and such a bee-paper as the Weekly American Bee Jour- nal for a year — both for only a $1.50, it would seem that no one would hesitate a moment about ordering. The Queen orders we expect to fill in rotation, in May or June — first come, first served. Better order now, and begin to read the American Bee Journal at once. If you are not acquainted with the Journal, send tor a Free Sample Copy, and see how good it is. If you want Queens without the Bee Journal, the prices are as follows : One Queen for $1; 2 for $1.75 ; or 6 for $4.50. Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., M Dearboro St., Chicago,Ilt 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Overstocking 321 Is one of the most difficult problems for the apiarist to solve. We have been taught that 100 colonies are about the profitable limit for an apiary. Perhaps this is true in the majority of cases; but if it is possible to increase the number it will greatly lessen the expense of managing a large number of colonies. Mr. E. W. Alexander, of Delanson, N. Y., has for a number of years been keeping large numbers of colonies in one apiary. I,ast year he had 700 in his home apiary, and this year he expects to increase the number to'lOOO. He gives his experience, along this line, in an inter- esting article in the Bee-keepers' Review for March. If interested, send ten cents for this issue, and Ihe ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. MAPLE-SUGAR MAKERS, Don*! Miss a g-ood investment. As horses vary in price according to quality, so do sap-spouts. The GRIMM Spout costs you nothing. The gain of one fourth more sap pays for it. It's a conservative guarantee. Purchaser assumes no ri^k. Why not venture? Order what you need and return if not as represented. Samples free. G. H. GRIMM, Rutland, Vt. Better Tools to Use ^Less Help to Hire Iron Age Impletnents are designed to give the greatest possible results for labor expended. Whether planting the .seed or working the crop, they save half the labor — -make twice the profit. No. G. Iron Age Combinrd Double and Sin^-le Wheel Koe, Hill and Drill Seeder IRON ACE IMPLEMENTS are needed every day in every field and garden. There Is a tool for every condition of every " crop, from planting time to harvest. Ask your dealer about the.se tools. The New Iron A^c Book, that describes thera all is free. Write for it. BATEMAN JMFG. CO., Box l'^« Grenloch, N. J. SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps SPRAY PUMPS Double-actlngXlft, Tank and Spray PUMPS store Ladders, Etc. HAY TOOLS ©fall kinds. Write for Circulars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel rollerbearings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown on the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who ^^=sSi will buy in quantity. ^^=- P.E.MYERS&BRa Ashland, • Ohio. VauShansTWenty'SeVentli Annual Catalogue Covering the four Greal Departments of Gardening Mailed FREE to all buyeny of Garden Seeds. Flower 5eed5, Greenhou.je Plantj. Shrubs and Hardy Plants, write now Vau^han'i 5eed -itore 84-86 Randolph 3t.. CHICAGO. •14- Barclay' St. NEW YORK- 322 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 Your Bees Won't StingJ^uJiJfou^ii^^ LBWIs' GOOdS U S UCUA IE mm Our Sections can not be Improved upon. They are SUPERB. Our Hives bring joy to the Bee- keeper's heart. This is the Lumber thai Makes the Hi.es that Lewis Makes. EVERYTHING Finest Goods. IN BEE-SUPPLIES Promptest Shipments. Send for Catalog 68 Pages. G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis., U. S. A. Jou. ..:;_,. ^ "DELVoftir •ANDHoNEY-/, •imtere:st6 biishedyiHE^ll^ooYCo. laiPERVtAR. 'Ns'MEDINA-OHIO- Vol. XXXIL APR I, J 904. No. 7 I VOTE for bees with stings, if the thing- is ever settled by vote. Excluders are not necessary to keep the queen out of section supers, if sections are filled with foundation. If you use little starters in sections, it may pay you to use excluders. Allow me to supplement the excellent advice of friend Dooliitle, p. 274, by advis- ing Mr. Jones to plant also cherries and plums for their excellent service before ap- ples bloom. Let me advise bee keepers, especially the younger ones, not to omit reading such articles as that by E. F. Phillips, p. 285. A substantial foundation of the right kind of theory may be worth more than you sup- pose in your future practice. I AM SURPRISED that swcct clovcr does not flourish about Borodino in muck and hardpan soil. It does here. Hard pan from the bottom of the cellar, in which nothing else cares to grow, seems just to suit sweet clover. How is it about Medina? [Here too.— Ed.] R. A. Whitfield, I'll tell 3'ou another thing that'll happen to you if you put brood over your sections: The bees will seal the sections more or less dark with bits of black comb brought down from above. They did for me. P. 288. [Yes, that is our experi- ence also. — Ed.] Discussion at Colorado convention ( Amer- ican Bee Journal, 135) shows considerable inclination to return to selling by weight instead of by case, although, with the lim- its placed, their present method is nearly by weight; indeed, Mr. Aikin said, in con- vention, "In fact, we are selling by weight." The ouekn " takes several small prepar- atory fiijihts," page 286. Are they really preparatory, or only unsuccessful? Is not the first fiight often if not usually success- ful? [Possib'y both. It is natural to sup- pose, however, that the queen goes out into the air for one purpose only; and, failing to accomplish that purpose, she makes other flights until successful. — Ed.] Mr. E. W. Alexander, in Eastern New York, tells in Review that, with 300 colo- nies in one vard, colonies on scales showed a gain of 10 to 18 lbs. a day. Last sum- mer he had about 700 colonies in the htme apiary, and intends to have many more this summer. Is it possible that C:>ggshall and others are foolish to keep little bunch- es of SO or 100 colonies five or ten miles off that might be kept at home just as well? I EXPECTED to hear that you were using electricity to heat a wire when cutting can- died honey, p. 276; but I expected also that you would be using a full set of wires at a time instead of a single wire; then one cut in three different directions would leave your can of honey in cubes. [One wire will cut the cakes fast enough. Three or four wires could not be used. Sometimes the wires stretch; sometimes there is a soft streak, and the same pull on all four wires would not give satisfactory results. It is a little trick to cut with even one wire. — Ed.] The Ch.\ntrv introducing- cage has been sent me by E. F. Atwater, who has used it with great success. Its construction is based on the idea that strange bees will not molest a queen while both are in a cage. A short cnndied passage admits the bees to the queen in a few hours. Instead of paste- board on theoutsideof this candy is a piece of excluder, so that the bees may freely pass in and out, leaving the queen still a prisoner for perhaps two days more, while the bees eat the candy out of another pas- sage lYz inches long. Now, why isn't that all right? Speaking of the fertilization of the &^^, E. F. Phillips says, p. 286, " If it is to be a worker ft^^ it receives from the spermath- eca one spermatozoon." I suppose that 324 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 italicized "one" means "only one." I think Von Siebold was the first to discover spermatozoa in bees' eggs, " and in each of thirty, out of forty, of his prepared female eggs, he found from one to five spermato- zoa." See Atnerican Bee Journal for 1861, p. 125. [This is respectfully referred to Mr. Phillips, although I am satisfied he was fully cognizant of this statement, and was probably in possession of later evidence of a more conclusive character on which he based his statement in question. — Ed.] Gleanings seems to favor putting bees part in cellar and part out, p. 275. Good thing to experiment that way to find out which is best; but I suspect that, when Doolittle settles to a dead certainty which way averages the best in a series of years, he'll use only that best way. [Yes, prob- ably. Possibly Doolittle's locality is of such a nature that it is best to "put his eggs in two baskets." But there are some localities where, certainly, outdoor winter- ing would give much better results in a period of ten years; and it is equally true that there are other localities where the in- door plan for the same time would show the least loss.— Ed.] A FRIEND wants to know about my try- ing the Hershiser plan last summer. I did not try it on a large scale; but when, in the flush of the harvest, I put the empty super on top, there was extra waste in the way of burr-combs in the nearly finished supers below, and the case was aggravated if only two supers were allowed. I think I should have lost several hundred dollars if I had submitted all to the same treatment. With weak colonies, or in poor flows, it is all right. [Our season for comb honey, at least last year, was almost a failure, and we were not, therefore, able to come to any conclusion with regard to the Hershiser plan of tiering over rather than tiering un- der; but it is easy to see that for you at least it was more feasible to tier under — that is, putting an empty super under one partly filled — than putting the empty on top. — Ed.] L. H. Cremers says {Atnerican Bee Journal, p. 189) that buckling of foundation is because foundation expands with heat and contracts with cold, so when founda- tion that was wired cold is put into a hive, the expanding makes it bag. He puts in wire and fastens foundation to top-bar in winter, then in summer he imbeds the wire in a very warm place and immediately puts it into the hive. [There may possibly be something in this. Our foundation has nearly always been imbedded within at least a week before the time it was given to the bees. As we have had very little trou- ble from buckling, this may account for the fact. I should like to hear from others on this point. I might add further that, when we put in foundation, the pile is always warmed up by being set in a window where the sun shines. The foundation is imbed- ded when the sheet is warm; and very often it is put into the hive as fast as it is im- bedded.—Ed.] If the railroads keep on they will soon put out of business the Prohibitionists, An- ti-saloon Leagues, etc. "The general rules against intoxicants that are now en- forced on all railroads," says a Chicago daily, " have, up to this time, applied only to the emploj'ees of the train and operating departments. Now the St. Louis and San P'rancisco and the Chicago and Eastern Illinois roads have determined no longer to allow expense accounts for wine feasts among traveling, district, and general agents." [But the Prohibitionists and the Anli-saloon League have been keeping up the agitation that makes all these progress- ive moves possible. There is nothing the saloon men fear more than agitation and a good airing. They love darkness rather than light. As long as their deeds can be held under cover, so long will they continue to rob our boys of this life and the one to come. — Ed.] We are told, p. 293, that few city cus- tomers " who have ever tried genuine buck- wheat honey would be willing to exchange it for the finest grade of white clover." Now, what under the sun made the Country Gentleman print such nonsense as that? Yes, I know that some people very much prefer buckwheat or other dark honey, but the great majority, city or country, much prefer the taste of the light honeys. [If you were to stay a few weeks in the locality where the Country Gentleman is published (Albany, N. Y. ), and talk with consumers, you would possibly, from their testimony, think there was no honey in the world that was pure and good but buckwheat. The Country Gentleman was evidently basing its statement on the current belief and pref- erence in its own immediate locality; and its statement, when confined to that locali- ty, is not far wrong. — Ed.] The official report of the committee of the insurance companies says that the great Baltimore fire was started by the dropping of a match, or a lighted cigar or cigarette thrown down through a broken deadlight in the pavement above the basement of the Hurst building, falling upon some inflam- mable material. If the city had had an or- dinance forbidding smoking on the streets, it would have been in the interest of com- mon decency, and, incidentallj^ a saving of seme millions. Just now Chicago is having a lively time making arrests for spitting on the streets. Why not make smoking go with spitting? [It would not be practica- ble, because public sentiment would not fa- vor putting the two on the same plane. Spitting on the sidewalk is repulsive to ev- ery one. There is no lobby that would dare to go into a legislature and argue that spitting on the sidewalk is a good thing. It is easy to pass laws against bad things when every one is in favor of abolishing the thing that ought to be effaced by law; but if we were to take a poll of a vote as to 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 325 whether smoking' should be allowed on the streets or not, I think you vvculd tind there is almost as large a majority in favor of it as there would be a majority against spit- ting. That is not saying, however, that majorities are always right. — Ed.] In Bavakia a man named Hofman put a dish of poison out in his apiary in order to destroy the neigboring bees that were both- ering him. He shut up his own bees mean- while for safety. The experiment was a grand success, for in a short time eight of the neighboring colonies were destro3ed. The injured paries rushed into the yard, found the poison, proved the identity' of that and that in the dead bees, and brought him to trial, where he was fined $75 and costs. W. H. Laws {Review) uses 100 to 150 bees, never more than 200, in his queen- fertilizing nuclei. He lieeps xio permanent nuclei. Two little trays, =i inch deep, \\)i inches long, and \]i wide, hinged at the bottom with leather strips, clamp tightly between them a frame of the same dimen- sions containing a comb of solid honey. A five-sixteenths bit bores an entrance in the end-bar, near the bottom. In this the queenless bees, filled with honey, are fast- ened ; and when they begin roaring, the virgin is run in the entrance and the en- trance closed. Afler a confinement of 24 hours or more the entrance is opened, and a virgin of right age will be fertilized with- in 24 hours, when excluder zinc prevents the escape of the queen. When she lays, all are emptied out, and 3. fresh lot of bees given with another virgin. [Mr. Laws and Mr. Pratt can probably make these small nuclei work; but the average person will probably make a failure of it. The Laws plan, however, is as practicable as any thing I have seen in print. — Ed.] E. F. Atwater has a simpler and better hive-stand than mine, as I mentioned on p. 115. He writes me: " The funny part of it is that, since 1898, I have used that kind, and, until 1902, I thought I was using the Dr. Miller stand pure and simple. I must have misunderstood your directions for making them." The question is: Am I to be condemned for handling the English lan- guage so bunglingly as to be misunder- stood, or commended for securing thereby a better stand? [Your language was plain enough, I think; for when I first saw your description I pictured out in my mind just the hive-stand you are using. But I agree with you that friend Atwater has improved it by nailing the boards the other way, so that the edges, not the sides, rest on the ground. We have many hundreds of such stands in use for single hives. They have the advantage that the sharp edge will im- bed itself into the inequalities of the ground if the stands are set out in the early spring when the ground is soft. The flat board edges would not so adjust themselves. I am inclined to think that jou would throw away your hive stand if you would once try the Atwater improvement. — Ed ] So YOU THINK, Mr. Editor, that I'm a firm believer in some form of ventilation in cellar, p. 285. That hardly expresses it strong enough. Every year its importance grows on me. During most of the past winter one of the outside cellar doors 6X2^ has stood wide open day and night, except for a screen of wire cloth, and the door from the outer room to the bee- room stood open all the time, and I'm prett3'^ well convinced that they didnH have enotigh ventilation. The room was too crowded. "How do I know? " Well, one way I know is that the bees nearest the inner door, the ones that had the first chance at the air, kept the quietest in the cellar. This in spite of the fact they had the most light — more light than I think was good for them. Yes, sir; give me lots of air, both for folks and bees. [Our experience for the last two years has been emphatically in favor of ventilation; and I can not understand why there should be some good authorities who favor little or no ventilation. Perhaps they are deceived. Possibly much more air gets through the walls of their repositories than they sup- pose. Bees are almost as highly organ- ized as human beings. In summer they re- quire a great deal of air, just as we do. Cut off our ventilation, and what is the re- sult? Disease and death. I believe the av- erage beginner, at least, will be more suc- cessful if he gives the bees air than if he withholds it from them by keeping the re- pository closed tight. — Ed.] Some time ago, when it was argued that I would have brood to top-bar because splints didn't allow sagging, and sagging prevented queen laying up to top-bar at Medina, the editor said measuring showed there was no sagging there. A correspon- dent reminds me of this, and asks me to reconcile it with the position the editor now takes, that wires must be loose to allow sagging. Which goes to show how villain- ously inclined some people are to want to put a load like that on my shoulders when I'm not over-strong at best. [If there is such conflict (and I assume there is), it is due to the lapse of time and a change of conditions, not because I have necessarily changed my opinion. As years go on, there is a tendency toward a thinner and thinner foundation in the brood- nest. The brood- combs examined were probably built off from foundation made some years ago, when fewer sheets per pound were used than now, and in consequence there would be less ten- dency to sag. I remember the circum- stances, and recall that they were taken at random from those we had had in use for a number of years. If you will compare the foundation-lists you will find there are more sheets of foundation per pound than there used to be for the same grade; and it is, therefore, necessary to provide for pos- sible sagging, under some conditions at least. Now, after saying this much I am free to admit your splints would allow a lighter grade of foundation than our hori- zontal supports. — Ed.] 326 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 _ yrow Ou'r 5? Mr. Villuendas Herrero will be the fu- ture editor of our esteemed Spanish ex- chang-e, El Colmenero Espaiiol, whose edi- tor died last December. He is well recom- mended. In speaking of cheap insurance among bee-keepers in Germany and Austria, I said it was about 8 cents per colony. Dr. Miller sends me a clipping showing it is 8 cents per bee-keeper, without reference to the number of colonies he has. So much the better. About eight bee-journals are published in Russia, most of which we expect to get on exchange. Mr. Abram E. Titoff. of this office, will have them for review. He is a native Russian, and the only man I know who can read and translate that difficult language for us. Mr. Titoff is a well-in- formed bee man, and has already given us some good hints. It/ The question of the legal prohibition of artificial honey having been brought up before the German Reichstag (Congrc s), it led the minister, Count Posadowsky, to make the following declaration: I well know that much is eaten for honey that is not honey ; and all these who eat honey at a hotel in Switzerland or elsewhere would be very wro ig in sup- posing that it is by any means the natural product. One day in the federal council we had two samples of honey brought to us — natural and artificial. It was impossible to distinguish one from the other, for as yet there is no means for doing it by chcncal analy- sis. The honey from Havana is entirely different from that of Lunenburg. When the day corats that will en- able us to distinguish natural from artificial honey, the law will take hold of the matter. The March issue of the Bee-keepet ''s Re- view is a beauty, and a decided improve- ment over any I have yet seen, on accaunt of a better style of headings. Mr. Hutchin- son has discarded the cumbersome and costly style he has long used, and now I do not see how he could make his pages more beautiful so far as type is concerned. The contents, too, of this number are of unusual interest and usefulness, taking in a wide range of practical topics. Mr. Hutchinson is a voluminous editorial writer, a large proportion of his journal being from his own pen. That alone is praise enough; but the kindly tone that has always pervaded his paragraphs is very commendable. \t< The Pfalz Bienenzeitung says the ancient bee-keepers of Egypt were in the habit of putting their bees on boats in October, and p escending the Nile slowlj', stopping here and there in order to allow the bees to gath- er nectar in that spot. On pagt 83, 1889, [ gave an article, with illustration, showing how this is done even now. But the idea is not peculiar to the Egj'ptians. U Apiciil- teur, one of our best French exchanges, says, " There is nothing new under the sun. The Russians have copied the Egyp- tians. Some boats, carrying a garden of honey bearing plants, forming a veritable apicultural garden, descend the large riv- ers of Russia, explaining to the people along the shore the benefits cf apiculture. We are informed that the Russians emoloy the same prccess to popularize new meth- ods in fruit culture." There is a decid- edly poetic aspect to that phase of bee- keeping. No valid argument could be raised against movable frames in that case, as the whole business would be a moving spectacle. It is to be suspected, however, that constant governmental interruption in Russia would make the work rather disa- greeable. That method seems to be entire- ly out of vogue in the United States. "^ SETTING BEES FROM THE CELLAR. "Good morning, Mr. Doolittle. This is a fine morning." "Yes, Mr. Barker. And it seems nice to have a little something springlike, after the long cold winter we have hai." "Yes. And this nice morning made me think that it would soon be time to get the bees from the c liar, and I came over to have a little talk with you in regard to the matter. When should I set them out, and how should I do it? This is the first time I ever tried wintering bees in the cellar, so I am 'green ' in this matter of setting out." "As to time of setting out, there seems to be a difference of opinion among our best apiarists Some think that, by setting bees out early in March, when the first warm days come, they will raise young bees in sufficient numbers to take the place of the old bees that are lost and worn out of old age later on, when they commence to gath- er pollen, so that, in case of earlj- setting cut, there is little or no spring dwindling " "Well, that looks a little reasonable. But what about those who do not agre ?" 'Other good bee-keepers are equally posi- tive that bees should in no case be set from the cellar till steady warm weath' r is like- ly to occur, giving the time for settled warm weather as commencing with the blooming of the elm and soft maples. These last ar- gue that, with the warm weather, each old GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 327 bee will nurse and bring on to the stage of action fn m two to five younj^ bees, henca there will be no spi ing dwindling', but, in- stead, a hive full of bees prepared for an early honey harvest, which could not be the case where bees are set out earl}', and us- ing: all their vital energ-ies to keep the clus- ter warm enough to nurse a li tie brood, which will not mature nearlj' fast enough to suppl}' the waste of old bees which are k st in the cool weather of earlj'^ spring', in Iheir vain search for water, pollen, and early flowers." " Well, that sounds as reasonable as the other, except the water part. I should sup- pose there would be more water at this time of the year than at any other." 'They do not argue that there is any scarcity of water at this time of the year, but th^t the bees in g"oing- for it perish by the thousands in becoming' chilled and be- numbed by clouds passing^ over the sun while they are taking' their load of cold wat r, or by their getting- into the water and immediatel}' chilling to death in their benumbed condition." "What shall I do where there is such a disagreement as this? Which shall I fol- low? " "My way of arriving at a conclusion in such a case as this has been to s t a few colonies out as early as days sufficiently warm oc;ur, the latter part of March, and then set out a few at a time on e ch occur- ring warm day, till pollen becomes plenti- ful from the soft maple and elm, at which time all agree that the bees should be on their summer stands. Of course, such set- ting out as this can apply only to the home yard; for when we go to the out-apiary it is a matter of economy to set all out on the day we are there." "Did you arrive at any definite conclu- sion in the matter, so you are positive which is best?" "Well, no, not exactly. Very much de- pends upon the way the season turns. Some years the bees early set out seem to do the best; other years those set out late have a decided advantage. One year I did not set out the larger part of the bees till the elm and soft maple were past their height of bloom, and witnessed something I never saw before, which was, bees by the hundreds coming in loaded with bright red and yellow pollen, within half an hour aft- er the colonies were placed on their sum- mer stands. That it was possible for one old bee to be the mears of placing on the stage of action five bees to take the place of itself, was apparently p-oven that year; for, within 30 to 35 days from the time of setting out, many of these colonies were nearly or quite ready to swarm, and not one colony showed any signs of spring dwindling. Within 21 days from time of setiing out, nearly every comb in the hive was filled with brood, and so perfectly solid that, when the young bees began to emerge, the hives were filled to overflowing in a few days." "Then 3'ou would rather favor the plan of late setting out?" " To tell the matter just as it is, I am generally from ten days to three weeks in getting my bees out, and in this way I am quite sure of a full success with a part of them, no matter how the season turns. Long ago I came to the conclusion that it was not wise to have all of the eggs in one basket." "I think I will try the slow- setting-out plan with mine, as there certainly can be no great loss by this way. Now how is the setting-out done?" "At the out- apiary I always have a man help me, and we put a rope under the cleats of each hive, when he takes hold of one end or loop of the rope and I the other, and we carry them out without jar, and set them on the stands as quickly as may be so as to get all out to have the benefit of the mid- day sun." "But I have no man with me; and to hire one for the setting- out of only a few at a time would be a sort of nuisance. How do you work at home?" "I takemv wheelbarrow, and on it spread several thicknesses of old carpet, or some- thing of that sort. Two horse-blankets folded so as to be the size of the bottom of the wheelbarrow are about the best of auy thing." " What do you do this for?" "This is to take ofl" any jar that may come from the wheel to the barrow going over rough ground; for in moving bees it is always best to arouse them as little as pos- sible. I now start a fire in my smoker, and with the two go to the cellar door, where I leave both and go in and bring out a colony, placing it on the blankets on the wheelbar- row. As soon as this is done I raise the front of the hive a little and blow in two or three pufi^s of smoke, which keeps the bees fr. m coming out and getting lost on the way to their stands, and also from thsir sting- ing me, which those which fly out, where no smoke is used, are quite sure to try to d ." "I am glad you told me of that, for I should not have thought of their coming out and stinging, nor of their getting lost. But go on. ' * "As soon as the smoke is puffed into the hive the cellar door is shut so that the out- side air shall not raise the temperature of the cellar, and thus arouse the bees inside, when the hive is wheeled to where it is to stand during the summer, the entrance ad- justed, and the whole left as they are to stand thereafter." "Do you take pains to put each colony back on the stand it occupied the previous season?" "No. I know that some think that this should be done. But in setting out I always scatter the hives about, one here and anoth- er there, as far apart as possible at the first setting-out, then at the next setting- out fill in between, so that no two colonies will be in full flight at the same time. 328 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 This nearly or entirely prevents all mixing of bees, so that one colony is no stronger in bees, nor weaker, than it was when in the cellar. Some think that each colony should be set on its old stand of the fall before, as I just said; and where colonies stand close together, and are set out all at once, so that many colonies standing side by side are in full flight at the same time, I think it would be well to set them on their old stands. But with my plan of setting out, all this inconvenience is avoided." "Thank you. I will be going now, as I see by the sun it is nearly noon." There ought to be a heavy demand for bees this spring in the form of nuclei and colonies. Queen-breeders will do well to cater to this trade. We believe there is good money in it. The failure of the honey- crop in Califor- nia and Cuba, and the heavy winter losses in the lake regions in the northern parts of the United States, ought to have a toning efl'ect on the market for new honey. One of the finest honey confections is solid candied honey, cut into cubes about an inch square, dipped into hot chocolate. As chocolate will keep these in good condi- tion, there is no reason in the world why such confectionery should not have a good and permanent demand. Already one of our subscribers is making this wire cutting a success, and he reports that the product moves off readily. It is something new and nice. THE relation OF BEES TO FRUIT-GROWING. This is the title of an address delivered by Mr. Wilmon Newell before the Georgia State Horticultural Societ3' last August. It seems to be the most thorough treatise on this subject yet published. As any thing like a condensed review of it would be out of question here, and as the whole pamphlet can doubtless be had by asking for it, we will simply give two of Mr. Newell's most important propositions: 1. Insects are essen- tial for the pollination of fruit-bloom; and the honey-bee does this more thoroughly than any other insect; 2. Bees take part in disseminating pear- blight and brown rot, but these would be practically as prevalent, even though there were no bees. THE OHIO FOUL-BKOOD BILL. The Ohio foul-brood bill is still hanging fire in the legislature. It seems that, after it passed the House, and was in the hands of the committee of the Senate, it was discov- ered there was one little feature of it that was unconstitutional, otherwise it would have passed the Senate. From the latest advices the bill had gone back to the House, with the probability that it would pass. The bee-keepers of the State sent such a fusillade of letters into the Senate that the measure is quite sure to pass that body. Those who are back of the bill are "stand- ing pat," awaiting developments with the confident assurance that the measure will become a law as soon as the necessary pro- ceedings have been gone through with. FREE-HANGING VS. SELF-SPACING FRAMES. In the Question-box department of the American Bee Journal, in which the opin- ion of some thirty or more different bee- keepers have been called for, the question is asked, "If you were starting anew, would you use a free hanging frame? and if so, why?" The opinion seems to be about evenly divided between the loose unspaced and the self-spacing frame in a way that would almost seem as if the latter type of frame were not as popular as one would naturally suppose. But if this same ques- tion had been asked some twenty years ago the answers from almost these same people would have been almost unanimously against the self- spacing frame in any of its forms. The tide seems to be turning. If the read- er could look over our order-books he would be surprised to see that the automatic spacer in some of its forms is called for nearly ninety-nine times as often as the un- spaced, and we sell different styles of them. Some have imagined th^t the self- spacer frame was not practical for extracted hon- ey; but there are some large producers who do use them, and will have no others, and this seems to indicate they can be used suc- cessfully too. The notion that a Hoffman, for extracting, can't be spaced wide to get thick combs is wholly wrong, as I know by personal observation in some large apiaries of men whose colonies run over the thousand mark. In Cuba, for example, where we tried to push the unspaced frame, and where there is more extracted honey pro- duced per square inile than anywhere else on the globe, the Hoffman self-spacer is used almost exclusively. Of course, to the manufacturer it makes no diflerence which frame (spaced or un- spaced) is sold or preferred, for there is just as much profit in the sale of the one as the other. WINTER LOSSES UP TO DATE VERY SEVERE IN THE LAKE REGIONS. On p. 277 of our previous issue I gave a summary of the hundreds and hundreds of reports that had been received from all sec- tions of the country within a radius of a thousand miles of Medina. More reports have come in, largely confirming those first received— namely, that the winter losses for outdoor bees (not indoor) have been excep- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 329 tionally heavy — probably the heaviest for over twenty years. The losses for the vari- ous States stand about the same as those indicated in our last issue, except that Michigan now appears to have suffered the most. Next come Ohio, New York, Penn- sylvania, Wisconsin, Indiana. Strangely enough, no severe losses are reported in Ill- inois and Iowa. The States suffering the most are those bordering on the great lakes; and the one almost entirely surrounded (Michigan) appears to have lost the most bees. The reports go to show further that there are very few losses in any of the dis- tricts where the bees were wintered indoors. Outside of these lake States the losses have been comparatively light except along the Atlantic coast and in a few scattering localities in New England. It appears that the matter of humidity as well as cold has something to do with the severe losses among the outdoor bees. In nearly all the Western States, and all the States south of the Ohio River, the bees have wintered well. In Colorado and Ida- ho, where it is as cold as or colder than the lake regions, the losses appear to be very light. We have received scarcely any reports from Canada. This seems to indicate that the majority of bee-keepers there winter in- doors. I should be glad to have our subscribers continue to send in reports; but let them be confined to postal cards, and to two or three sentences. It takes a great deal of time to read through and summarize so many let- ters, and long ones have to be passed over. Confine the statements to three facts: 1. The approximate losses for your locality, so far as you can gather; 2. Whether these losses relate to indoor or outdoor bees; and, 3. The character of the spring — whether favorable or otherwise. HONEY FROM CORN; ROCKEFELLER SAID TO BE IN A NEW SPECULATION. The article below is going the rounds of the papers. JOHN D. ROCKEFEIvIyKR IS MAKING HONEY. NOT THE REAL ARTICLE, BUT A CLEVER SUBSTITUTE MADE FROM CORN JUICE. John D. Rockefeller now makes artificial honey •with as much enthusiasm as he formerly pumped pe- troleum out of the ground years ago. He puts corn into water, and boils it with a little sulphuric acid. Then he puts in some lime to neutralize the acid. This forms a precipitate of sulphate of lime. He sepa- rates the sulphate from the corn juice by running the mixture through a filter press. The result is crude glucose, which so resembles real honey in flavor and ■color that it takes an expert to distinguish it from the genuine product. There is one objection to the glucose honey. It re- tains, no matter how much it is refined, a certain trace of the sulphuric acid. Commission men say they can taste the acid. Chemists declare that the acid rots the teeth. In another generation or two, from this cause alone, they contend, there will be hardly a child with sound teeth Mr. Rockefeller is doing his best to get rid of the sulphuric acid. He has offered, it is said, $500,000 to any chemist who can produce glucose from corn as cheaply as by his present process, without the use of sulphuric acid, or, at least, without having the slight- est sulphuric acid in the corn juice. The crude glucose Mr. Rockefeller dilutes with real hcney, puts up in nice looking gla>s jars with fancy labels, and sends all over the world. Grocers sell it to the unsuspecting public, and little children eat it with delight. The crude glucose is used in tremendous quantities to adulterate molasses. There is very little pure mo- lasses in the market since Mr. Rockefeller got into the glucose business. Corn juice is very much cheaper than cane juice. To refine glucose Mr. Rockefeller has it poured into big vats, whence it passes through a charred bone dust, and comes out as a colorless sticky liquid, like glycerine, which is growing more popular every day with bakers and confectioners. They buy it from Mr. Rockefeller in carload lots, and use it for cheap candy and icings. Mr. Rockefeller expects to make a million tons of glucose next year or the year after. .Some of the dis- tillers say if he keeps on at this rate there will soon be no corn left for whisky. The above has been sent us several times, It is the best kind of campaign document. Let it go the rounds of the press. Of course, it is a sensational article written by some reporter who wants to create a stir. A little examination will show that the arti- cle is self-contradictory. In the first para- graph we are told that it takes an expert to tell it from real honey. In the second we are told that no amount of refining removes the taste of sulphuric acid. So far as re- sembling honey is concerned, unless genu- ine honey is mixed with it there is no simi- larity. The only thing the honey-men have to be troubled about is that a good many may use this corn syrup instead of honey because it is so much cheaper; but I have not seen any yet that can be compared with good honey; and if it transpires that it is injurious to the health, teeth, etc., we have not much to fear. The statement that Mr. Rockefeller is ofi"ering half a million dollars to any one who will get out the sulphuric- taste is rather significant if true; in fact,' it is a big advertisement for real honey. Finally, I can not discover that Mr. Rocke- feller, or whoever the vendor of the stuff is, has ever called it honey at all. If our pure- food laws are enforced so that the label on the bottle tells exactly how much corn syr- up is contained in the article offered for sale we have not much to fear. The people who buy cheap candies and syrups, however, have a good deal to fear until somebody claims that half-million of dollars. Many of our friends have become alarmed for fear this product would affect seriously the retail honey business. It may do so to some slight extent at first; but we have very little to fear from it. The taste of the stuff for the first time may not be unpleasaiat; but a regular diet of it would soon disgust the consumer, for sulphuric acid is not a pal- atable food. Honey has long been known to be the best and purest sweet, and no flash- in-the-pan advertising is going to destroy its reputation that has been building up for centuries. Corn syrup is known as glucose pure and simple. It would take more mon- ey in advertising than Rockefeller has, to make consumers generally believe that glu- cose is "better than honey " if it is "cheap- er." The fact is, the brassy sulphuric-acid taste in glucose can't be eliminated without making it too expensive. 330 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 mmss- THE BEE-KEEPER VS. THE ALFALFA-GROWER OF NEVADA. Why the Bee Does Not Lessen the Quantity and Quality of the Hay. BY D. T. MEACHAM. On p. 917 is an article in reference to seri- ous trouble in Nevada growing- out of a spirit of jealousy and selfishness on the part of alfalfa-growers toward bee-ktepers whose bees gather honey from the blooms of the alfalfa or- lucern clover. Nothing but the grossest ignorance could possibly claim that the bees saving the hone}' could in any way injure the value or decrease the crop of forage. As there are so few people who know what honey really is, and how it is produced, I have concluded, by 30ur per- mission, to explain as briefly as space will allow what honey is and how it is formed, and what purpose it serves in nature. In the first place, it is a waste product in the vegetable kingdom, gathered by only a few species of insects, the most important of which is the honey-bee, as well as the most abundant. Honey may be closely imi- tated, but can never be made as perfect by man as it is when gathered by the bees from the flowers and leaves. Our great and good Father appears to have created bees for this spectic purpose. The honey partakes of the flavor of the oil that may be extracted from the seed of the plant or tree producing the flowers. Plants that yield no seed never yield any surplus sugar, or honey, in their flowers. But I am drifting away from the object I have in view, and 1 must return to the theme above announced. "How is honey produced?" is the first question we propose to answer; that done, and no sane person can claim that bees gathering it from the flowers of plants or the leaves of forest-trees either injure the plant or reduce its weight when matured. In explaining the process as worked out in nature we must invade the field of science, and learn from the chemist and vegetable physiology what they have seen of the sub- ject in the great laboratory of nature. Plants and forest-trees, as well as all fruit-trees, are compound objects, consisting of roots, bark, and leaves, all of which have their particular functions to perform. In this article we shall confine ourself to the leaves and flowers. We have all seen that leaves hang on to the trees and plants long after they are fully grown. Why is this? What are they doing? The function of the leaves is to gather or assimilate carbon from the surrounding air, in the form of carbonic-acid gas, which, under the influ- ence of sunlight, is transformed into starch. This starch is stored in the bodj' of forest and fruit trees for the purpose of supporting the next season's growth of wood and seed. At the proper season, and under the influ- ence of pruper temperature, another sub- stance, known to the chemist as diastase, makes its appearence in these starch grains, and a new transformation takes place, whereb}' the starch is changed into sugar, then into gum, then into wood. We said that honey is a waste product from nature's great laborator}-, gathered and saved bj' the honey-bees. This starch, after being changed into sugar, is used by the plant to feed imd support new growth and the seed; and whenever and wherever there remains an excess after supplying the newl}' formed leaves and seed- stem, etc., it is discharged in the form of a syrup on the leaves of certain trees, and on the petals of certain flowers, from where the bees gath- er it and store it in the combs of their hives. All seeds are composed of starch, princi- pally, hence the large amount of this grape- sugar syrup which we call honey. But what becomes of this waste after the new seed has been formed, and gone to work performing the same function as the leaves until it reaches maturity? The seed will not receive it, the leaves will not take it, for they are taking it in its first form (car- bonic-acid gas). Then what is to become of this vast amount of nectar? In the hu- mid regions it is washed away by the dews and rains; in the arid or irrigated sections it falls oft" the plants with the dry mature flowers, and is gone unless it is saved by the bees. The honey-dew on leaves, and the honey on the petals of the flowers, are governed by the same law; that is, the ex- udation of the excess that remains after this infant seed, leaf, or stem has been supplied with the quantity required to start it to work for itself. We said above that plants or trees that produce no seed ever discharge any of the S3'rup which we call honey, such as the rose, snowball, and many others. The sugar derived from the starch stored in the body of such plants is transformed into a gum substance; thence into wood or woody fiber, and added to the plant, forming what we call growth. No method j'et applied by scientific experimenters has ever resulted in forcing a plant to imbibe sugar when it has once yielded it. The sugar maple, al- though yielding a sap heavily charged with sugar, could by no appliances in the hands of the experimenter be made to receive again the sugar. It will imbibe the water when applied to the roots, but rejects the saccha- rine matter. In the light of all these known facts, how can the bees, by saving the honey from the spent blooms of plants, injure or decrease their value, when it is known that the spent blooms must fall to the ground with all the honey they may contain, to decay and dis- appear from man's control? Ignorance of 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 331 the value of the honey-bee on the part of manj' people causes this valuable little ser- vant of mankind to be more persecuted and slandered than anj' other gift of our Crea- tor. Some years ago an article went the rounds of an ignorant press, copied from one paper to another from Maine to Cali- fornia, and from Canada to the Rio Grande, accusing the bees of puncturing and rob- bing the grape of its sweets. But when the truth was learned, the facts proved that the grapes had cracked the skin open, so that the sweets were going to waste, and the bees were doing all they could to save it for man. But the slander had to run its course. If it were not for this little busy servant we should have to dispense with many of our fruit-orchards, and make out to get along with less than one-fourth part of our alfal- fa and other clover seeds. We might just as well say that the bees by gathering the pollen from flowers injure the plants as to contend that their saving the honey injures them. We hope that those who may read this article may see more clearly what honey is, and how it makes its appearance on the petals of flowers and on the leaves of forest trees. Raleigh, N. C. CUTTING UP CANDIED HONEY FROM SQUARE CA.NS. BY E. R. ROOT. On page 224 of our issue for March 1, and 276, March 15, I described a method of cut- ting up a solid chunk of candied honey just as it is taken from the can after the sides, top, and bottom had been cut away. I promised to give a little later some half- tones showing the modus operandi. These I now present, showing each step of the op- eration. Fig. 1 shows a cake of candied horey aft- er the tin can has been stripped off. This is accomplished by taking a pair of tinn- r's snips, cutting oft" the top and bottom, slit ting down one corner, and rolling the tin back, leaving the cake in one solid mass^ This is slipped on to a board. An ordinary No. 16 steel wire, tough and strong, is cut into a length of about a yard. To each end is twisted on a wooden handle. The wire FIG. 1. — CAKE OF CANDIED HONEY SHOWING HOW THE 60 LB. CAN )S STRIPPED OFF. FIG. 2. — BEGINNING TO CUT OFF A SLAB OF HONEY WITH THE WIRE. is slid under the cake, back far enough to cut off a slab of the size desired — we will say in this case 3 inches. The two ends art drawn up on lines parallel to the end of the cake and crossed in such a way as to bring the wire clear around and the honey in the loop formed. The two wooden han- dles are then drawn from each other, caus- ing the wire to sink gradually in all four corners — see Fig. 2. Continual drawing will gradually pull the wire through the whole mass until it is nearly out — see Fig. 3. The wire is then drawn clear out, but the slab will stick to the main mass from which it was cut. A thin-bladed knife en- ters the seam where the wire passed through, slabbing the piece off, the same as is shown in Fig. 4. We now have a chunk of honey 3 inches thick, and of the size of an ordinary 60 lb. square can. It then can be cut up into smaller chunks, or ' ' bricks, ' ' as we prefer to call them, as shown in Fig. 5. When this picture was taken, our Mr. Warren had not gotten his hand in as he has done later; but the bricks will weigh approximately 2 lbs., and can be sold by 332 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 the piece when wrapped in nice clean trans- parent paraffine paper. When put up properly they look like dainty toilet soap, and sell — they will move off among your local customers without half trying-. If one wishes to cut honey up into bricks it, of course; but the honey, by its own weight, squashed down and ran all over every thing. The honey should be firm enough to s'and up during the operation of cutting, else you will be disgusted with the whole business. FIG. -SLAB OF HONEY NEARLY CUT THROUGH BY THE WIRE. he must be careful to select a can in which the honey is not mushy nor soft, but hard and unyielding. This he can easily deter- As I have previously explained, where an electric current can be procured to heat the wire the cutting can be performed much mine by unscrewing the cap. In our early more easily, and the slabs or bricks will be FIG. 4. — SLAB OF HONEY CUT OFF. experiments we made the mistake once of peeling the tin off from a cake of honey that was semi- soft. Fig. 6 shows what kind of a mess we got into. The wire went through as smooth and perfect geometrically as one can desire. It is not too late in the season to try the experiment with cans of solid caadied hon- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 333 FIG. 5. — SOLID CAKES OF CANDIED HONEY CUT UP INTO TWO-POUND BRICKS WITH A WIRE. ey. In the old way, such honey in a square can requires an immense amount of work to gft't it into shape to sell to the local trade. The cans must be set in boilers of water not hotter than 15,0 to 160 degrees, and kept there for hours at a time. The amount of fuel required to melt these solid chunks is quite an item; and it is not easy to pour the honey out of these c ins after it has once melted. There will always be a draining- that is practically a loss. Perhaps it may be objected that it is too bad to cut up a good square can, and spoil it. in order lo carry out this method of re- tailing in bricks. When it is remembered that a second-hand can brings only a few cents, one can well afford to spoil one if he considers time, labor, and fuel any item- especially so if he can double on his money. This he can easily do if he makes the bricks small enough. STANDARD SIZE OP COLONIES. Shall we Unite in the Spring? Some Seasonable Teachings on Preparing Colonies for the Harvest. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. FIG. 6. — CANDIFD HONEY TOO SOFT TO CUT UP INTO BRICKS. The following questions have been sent to me, from which it is desired that I make an article for Gleanings: "How many bees should each queen have in the spring to be in the best condition for the honey flow from white clover? Would it be p ofi table to bring all to some standard of strength in spring by uniting?" I will commence by answering the last question first. I have never found the unit- ing < f bees in early spring as profitable; and from past experience it would be an impossibility to obtain a "standard of strength" in that way. There is s' me- thing about this uniting of bees in early spring that I never could fully comprehend. It would certainly seem that, where two or three weak colonies were found in April or early May, if the same were put together so as to form a single colony with the maxi- mum number of bees for a good stroog colo- ny at that season of the year, a colony so formed would keep right along, the same as does a colony of the same strength in bees that needed no help; but such is not the case. I have tried it scores of times, as have many others of our best beekeeoers, only to find that at the end of a minth such colony of unit d bees would be no better than would 07ie of the weak colonies that had been left entirely to itself. For this reason I hare, of late years, not tried to build up colonies which came out weak in the spring by uniting the bees by any of the known plans, but treat thtm as will be given further along. 334 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 We are now ready for the main question, "How many bees should ea h queen have in the spring to be in the best condition for the honey- flow from clover?" That will depend something upon the queen. If the queen is a good one, one that is capable of laying 3000 eggs every day for three weeks in succession, such a queen does not need as many bees as does the queen that is not so go d, or the one that will not lay more than from 1£00 to 2000 eggs daily during the time specified. And the latter named queens will not give as good results in honey as the former, no matter how many bees they may have in early spring. With a queen of the first class, I much prefer the colony which has a five-range cluster on a cold morning in early April to one which has a greater number of bees. . And what do I mean by a "five-range" cluster? I mean any colo- ny which shows bees between six c^mbs, or in the five spaces which are made by the six combs, the bees in the center space nearly touching the sides of the hive, and coming nearly down to the bottom-bar to the frames, on a cold morning in early April, the same being found in this way on tipping up the hive from the bottom-board, and before the colony "breaks cluster" from the disturbance of the tipping. The clusters in the spaces on either side of this center space will rot be as large as ihe center cne, and the two still further out are s ill smaller than those nearest the center. If I have made this plain (and I think I have) I will say that, in Central New York, that size of cluster will give better results than will a cluster either larger or smaller, according to an experience of over 30 years; and if I could have each colony in the whole apiaty in thj-t shape, I would ask for noth- ing better Such a colony I consider A No. 1 in every respect, if it has a good queen and a reasonable amount of stores. I used to thirk that, where I had a colony at this time of the year (first of April), that had bees in from eight to ten spaces, as I some- times would have with large colonies when set out of the cellar, I had something that would show a great record in honey; but such large colonies have never produced the honey that colonies of thf five-range clus- ters have done from clover and bass wood. I have had these large colonies fill their hive with brood in about four weeks from the time of setting from the cellar, and it seemed that they would do great things when the honey harvest arrived; but soon the queen would cease her prolificness to a great extent, or just at the time she should be laying the most profusely in order to bring the largest amount of bees on the stage of action at just the right time for these bees to take advantage of the clover- honey harvest. If it was honey from the fruit-bloom that gave us our main crop, then these large colonies in April would be just the thing: but a surplus from his source, to amount to any thing as a market- able product, is something which does not materialize once in a dozen years. With the five- space cluster the bees arrive at the maximum amount of brood-rearing in just the right time for the bees from that brood to become laborers in the harvest from clo- ver, and that is the reason that a cluster of this size is the best. But what about those which have a small- er amount of bees than a five cluster? These are not united, as I have already ex- plained; but as soon as any of the large coknies have frames of brood from which the 3 oung bees are just beginning to emerge, such a comb of this emerging brood is lak- en and carried to one of the colonies which was only a four-space cluster, and an empty comb or comb of honey (according as they have stores) is given to the strong colony. This helps both colonies by bringing each up or down, as the case may be, to the place which the five- space colony now occupies. In a week or so, another frame of emerging brood is taken from the strong colony and given in the same way to the colony which was still weaker in early spring, or the three- space cluster; and in still another week, another frame is taken from the strong one and given to this s^me three- space colony In this way the strong c< lony is brought, as nearly as may be, to the con- dition of the five-space colony at the time of the clover harvest, and the three and four space colony c mes up so that they nearly equal the ideal one, which had five spaces occupied with bees in early April. In my earlier bee-keeping I used to bring the two-space cluster up in early June by giving it a comb of emer» ing brood from two or three of the now complete colonies; but since I learned more of the " shook- swaim" plan I consider these very weak colonies of nearly as much value as one that was fairly good in the spring, using them to care for the brood from which the swarms are shaken, as I gave in the "Con- versation" found in the February 1st issue of Gleanings for this year. This bring- ing of a colony up to its maximum strength in bees in just the right time for the hDney harvest may be a hobby of miae; but I found, by careful watching for years, watching to find out why it was that cer- tain colonies in the apiary did so much bet- ter at honey-storing than did others, or, in other words, what it was that made certain colonies "lucky colonies," as it was termed, that it was just this thing of having the maximum amount of bees on the field of ac- tion, just when the harvest was at its best, that gave these "lucky" yields; and as twenty years' experience along this line has given the same "lucky yields" every time, I am still riding the same old hobby; and allow me to say that it is just the best hobby any bee-keeper can ride who is de- pending upon the honey yield from his api- ary for his success If I am correct, Mr. A. I. Root and Dr. Miller do not discoun tenance the riding of hobbles, and claim that the man who never has any hobby is not much of a success in the world. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 335 Ki>;ht here I wish to correct a wrong- im- pression which has gone out, as it would appear from the writings of S. E. Miller, who advocates the "keeping of colonies al- wa3's strong," and reasons, somewhat, to the efi'ect that Doolittle was advocating weak colonies at all times of the jear, only just at the honey i^ow or flows. This is not what I advocate in the expression "colo- nies having the maximum strength of bees when the honey harvests are on, and as weak at all other times as is CDnsistent with this object." That five space cluster spoken of in this article is as weak as I would ever have any colony, if I could have my way, and is as Aeak as is '■'consistent " with securing the maximum amount of bees in time for the harvest, as I have already shown. All York State bee keepers know that any colony which has a five-space cluster on the first day of April, as I have described, is a gocd colony of bees to all in- tents and purposes. In fact, I never do any thing to discouraa;e any colony in the least, only as I have given in the above in making the extra strong help the weak; but I do use my utmost endeavor to find out just when the main honey- flows may be ex- pected in my locality, and then work with all the vim that A. I. Root does with his autoni' bile, to bring all colonies up to the greatest possible strength in field-bees just when those flows are at their best. In this article I have given (in part) some of the means used to effect the object I de- sire to accomplish. I ask no one to use my methods unless he can see it to his advan- tage to do so. I Simply say that, if I have attained any success in the pursuit of api- culture, it has been obtained by the use of the means I have given from time to time in the columns of Gleanings. Borodino, N. Y. LANGSTROTH INVENTION OF THE BEE-SPACE. The Might of Right, and How Truth Must Prevail; an Interesting Historical Sketch. BY C. P. DADANT. Mr. Editor: — I have just read with great interest the inquiry of H. J. O. Walker, of Leeford, Eng. , and your reply to him con- cerning the invention of the movable frame hive. As you mention my father, Chas. Dad ant, going over this subject about 1886 or '7, I wish to say a few words, for the discussions took place mainly in 1870 — '72, when I was already old enough to take an interest in it. It was in the American Bee Journal for March, 1872, that my father took the initiative of the vindication of Lang- stroth and his invention. In an article en- titled " Honor to whom honor is due," he stated what knowledge he had of the inven- tions of European bee keepers in the matter of movable frames. He had tried the De- beauvoys hive and similar hives in France before coming to America, and could say knowingly that the Langstroth hive was the only practical hive, since it was the only hive which had, as you very correctly de- scribe it, "a beespace around the frame — top, sides, and bottom, and a bee- space between the frames, the same supported by a projection or a continuation of the top bar." In this article he quotes Hamet to show that the Debeauvoys hive had so little practicability about it that the 2500 prose- lytes which this hive had gained in France very soon abandoned it and returned to the old straw hive. The hive worked well when new; but as soon as the frames had been propolized it was no longer a movable- frame hive. He quotes Bastian and Mona to show that the Berlepsch hive, which came the nearest to the Langstroth invention, but did not have the movable ceiling, was also a failure. At the close of this article he says: "I do not know whether these facts can have any influence on the lawsuit now pending, but I owed to Mr. Langstroth, I owed to truth, I owed to the history of bee culture, the pub- lication of the above facts." This was the first successful step in the vindication of Mr. Langstroth. The Blake hive, described by Buzairies, was most prob- ably an invention which had not found its way in print in America, and was used by only a few. It can not be called a movable- frame hive, since there is no statement of the width of the drawers that are placed perpendicularly in the upper part. The brood- apartment was very evidently with- out frames, the small slats at the top being intended for the passage of the bees. It is quite plain that these upper drawers were intended for the purpose of securing the honey in sections of two or more combs at one time. There is a possibility of others having invented the movable-frame hive at the same time Langstroth did. A. F. Moon claimed that honor, in his "Autobiography and Personal Recollections;" but history must record only that which is evident and beyond dispute. That the time had come for improvements in hives is shown by your statement of the number of patents that were taken after 1831 on this matter. But had not Langstroth made and published his in- vention, America might have lingered in the rear instead of coming to the front of nations in practical bee culture. There is little doubt that, in P^rance, the Debeauvoys hive with its deceiving features of improve- ment, was mainly to blame for the reaction against progressive hives that has lasted in that country almost to our day. You will remember the bitter war that was waged against the senior Dadant by the second oldest bee-journal in the world, L' Apiculteur, of Paris, just because he in- sisted on the practicability and usefulness of the Lanestroth principle in hives. From 1869 till 1873 it was a war of harsh words which finally cooled down to a surly ob- stinacy on the part of Hamet; but the prog- ress has slowly advanced by the repeated efforts of a number of men, and the Lang- stroth invention is recognized there as well 33b GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 as here. A young- generation has dropped the fight; and a month ago the later and more progressive editor of L^ Apiculteur de- cided to open his columns freely to the new ideas, and asked for apicultural contribu- tions of the son cf the man who had once been reviled by this same paper for his views. Hamilton, 111., Feb. 24. [Yes, indeed, your most respected father was persecuted for telling the truth; and it is pleasant to know that time has fully vin- dicated him, in the very journal that op- posed him so strenuous!}'. It seems, though, as if nearly all good things must be op- posed at the beginning. A recent example is the plain section and fence, both of which are coming more and more into use. The Italian bee was opposed on its first intro- duction, and at one time your father and Langstroth were almost their only defend- ers. There are numerous other examples that might be given it it were necessary. — Ed.] CHEAP HOME-MADE WINTER-CASES. BY F. GREINER. One of the problems at the present time before us bee-keepers who are in the busi- ness for the money that is in it, and for ob- taining the means to clothe and feed our families, is, how to get our hives and other fixtures as cheaply as possible. As far as the sections are concerned, of course we are at the mercy of the manufacturing con- cerns and lumber-dealers; but when it comes to winter- cases for the protection of our bees, we can often pick up boxes at the drygocds stores very reasonably, which will answer well for packing single-walled hives. The two boxes in the center of the large photo were originally one, and cost me 40 cents. It was cut into in such a manner as to give sufficient room for plac- ing, in the back one, four hives (two side and side, and two high), in the front one, only two hives side and side. Two covers had to be made and covered with roofing- paper. To hold them from blowing ofiF I have just piled the hive covers on, which, with the snow and all, has proved sufficient. At the extreme right of the picture is shown another manner of using up odds and ends of lumber for winter cases. I had a number of large boxes lying around, in which fruit-trees had been shipped. These were worked up at leisure hours. Origi- nally the box shown was intended for four colonies, but is used now f ;r only two. I should have made it a little higher, and put in the hives two high. This would have been cheaper and just as effective. As will be seen. I have made use of the four regu- lar telescope hive-covers as the roof for the box, just adding a ridge-board. The two hives in the foreground are pro- tected only with tarred paper and a heavy packing over the frames. The hives shown in the picture are located in one of my out\ ards. A PART OF GRHINER'S OUTDOOR-PACKED BEES. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 337 I have been wondf ring- for some time if it were not pc ssible or practicable to use straw in the building' of our hives, and thus save in part the expensive lumber. Perhaps straw in combination with paper might do. greiner's home-made winter-case. Straw can be raised quickly on demand, and it would seem that the American ger ius could contrive a practical method of utiliz- ing this material. It is most excel'ent ma- terial for hives, and, as is well known, has been used for centuries in this construction by European bee-keepers. It seems to me that it is well worth the while to devote some study to this subjed. I have no doubt that hive bodies, covers, flocr-boards, elc, could be made from pulp — all in one piece, without a^eam; but they might be more expensive than even pine lumber. Who can tell us about it? Naples, N. Y. [So far straw board is very much more expensive than pine lumber. The time may come, however, when we can use some ma- terial made of straw. This article was written during the early part of winter. It will be interesting to know how the bees come cut. — Ed.] A CHEAP, SERVICEABLE, HOME-MADE UNCAP- PINGCAN. Moving Bees in Box Hives; Honte-made Hive-covers. BY E. F. ATWATER. Take a large-sized galvanized-iron tub; cut out the bottom to within an inch of the circumference, and solder in its place a large circular piece of heavy galvanized- wire screen. This makes the upper part of the capping-can. Now take another tub, slightly smaller, f jr the lower part, to re- ceive the honey which drains from the cap- pings. Make four hooks of iron >8X1X4 inches, bent in the shape shown in the cut at B. Hang these on the rim of the lower tub so that they will support the upper one. Now get out a piece of clear pine, 1X2 inch- es, and about 3 inches longer than the width of the top of the upper tub. Drive a large long screw through the center of this piece, and file the point until it is sharp. Raise the handles of the tub, and slip the strips under them. If desired, a honey- gate iniy be soldered in the lower tub. Such a capping-can is cheap and efficient, especially in moderate-sized apiaries. HOW TO MOVE BEES WITH OPEN ENTRANCES. I move bees over rather rough roads, in spring or fall, without springs or hay, and with no loss. I have just finished moving an outyard of 115 colonies a distance of seven miles. Some of the colonies were in old box hives recently purchased; and as it was almost impossible to f isten the bees in, owing to cracks and crevices, we threw a large wagon-sheet over the load and tied it down at the corners. By occasionall3' pour- ing a good volume of smoke under the wagon- sheet, which retains more or less of it for some time, the bees are subdued and kept so. This has proved a very useful "kink" to me when moving old hives. HIVE-COVERS. About a year ago I described the McClel- lan hive-cover, which you illustrated in Gleanings; using the same principle, I am now making double covers which are light, cheap, and durable. Get out y% or yi inch stuff, in one or more pieces, to be as wide as the hive, and an inch or more longer. Nail cleats about Yz X2 across at each end, TUB CAPPING-CAN AND PARTS. and one in the middle. On these cleats nail the best cedar shingles, as shown in cut. If you wish a dead-air space, cleats must also be nailed in the openings at the sides of the cover. Give the shingles two or three coats of good white paint, and your lids will last for years. The material 338 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 for three lids costs me about 5 cts. each, without paint. To prevent the cover from sliding- off the hive, drive tvpo crate-staples near each end on the lower side, or nail small cleats across. A splendid cover in some respects is the one used by G. J. Yoder & Son, of Meridi- an, Idaho. The rim of 3^- inch lumber is rabbeted so as to telescope about j-z inch THK m"CLELLAN DOUBLE COVER. over the hive. The gable roof is of shing-les, well painted. There is an opening in each end, for ventilation, which may be closed by a button. Boise, Idaho. [Your uncapping-can is a very good one. The only trouble is, the upper compartment 2- inch-deep frame is the frame to use in a comb-honey hive. It is the only frame I can get filled with brood clear up to the top-bar without danger of the queen going into the sections, and also pollen. No ex- cluding zinc is needed. Full sheets of foundation in these frames make perfect combs without wiring. Go any deeper than this and you must wire. Then comes the trouble from getting the wire too tight or too slack, foundation buckling, elongated cells stretched out of shape so the queen lays drone eggs in them. I know this does not always happen, but does very often, as we can see from the complaints that appear in the various bee- papers. On these hives I use a super of combs 5 342 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 inches deep in the early part of the season, and remove them when I put on the sec- tions. Thus )'Ou see I have a big hive, 12'2 inches deep, when the queen needs lots of room, and a shallow hive (7'2 inches) when I wish to crowd them into the supers, and no dummies under outside sections. W. C. Gathright. Las Cruces, New Mex. FEEDING BEES A POLLEN SUBSTITUTE AND SUGAR SYRUP AT THE SAME TIME. The food I give my bees is scalded corn meal, baked, sweetened with black Cuban molasses. I then scrape it out from between the crusts, put the same on a plate, and cover it with molasses, and mix it. MaRGARETTA S TROUP. Southampton, N. Y., Feb. 28. [Years ago this was talked about through the journals, and I succeeded, as some of you may remember, in getting bees to take a mixture of honey and rye flour — that is, early in the spring, before they get pollen. The letter above mentions accomplishing the same thing with corn meal in place of the rye.— A. L R.] MOLDY COMBS, ETC. I should like to ask you how I can pre- %'ent molding or souring of honey in the hive, as it seems to in one of mine. Drops of water gather on the covers. Would you keep dead bees from Ihe bottom-board in the cave at this time of year? Will this moldy or sour honey kill the bees? Should I take it out of the hive? Osgood, Iowa. E. M. Thompson. [The combs referred to in your letter are possibly not moldy in the sense that they are covered with a fungous growth. Combs that have been in outdoor-wintered hives verj' often show a sort of blue tint as if they were moldy. Whatever this tint is, it does no harm; neither do the drops of water that gather on the covers. Dead bees should be cleaned off from the bottom- boards occasion- ally. If the honey in the combs is actually sour (a fact which you can easily determine by running your finger in the honey and tast ing) it should not be used, of course. — Ed.] honey vinegar. I have seen in Gleanings that partly filled sections might be made into honey vinegar. Will ycu please give the process? Winchester, Ind. M. N. Borror. [The honey in unfinished sections can be extracted providing it is uncapped. It can then be worked over into honey vinegar by diluting with water and putting in the mother or ferment of an old vinegar- barrel. Full directions on how to m^ke honey vine- gar are given in our A B C of Bee Culture. —Ed.] From 15 hives I extracted 6300 lbs. One hive made 443 lbs., and I took from it four frames of brood in May. I bought my queens of J. P. Moore. I never saw such a season before. T. L. Shawler. Silver City, la., Feb. 14. I had in spring 12 colonies of pure Italians. I in- creastd to 30 good co'onies, which went into winter quarters 1 eavy with stores, and put on the market 1800 lbs of fancy and No. 1 coxnb honey — about half fancy and half No. 1. S. S. Scott. Blandburg, Pa , Feb. 10. I started in the spring with 9 colonies. One had no queen. I bought a thiee-fraine uucleu.'^; made two col- onies, and one came to me. I started in the winter with 33 colonies. So far I have lost two. I received 950 lbs. of section honey. W. E. McFarland. Paris, Mo., Feb. 11. I started with one colony in March, 1903, bought four more, increased to eleven, took fully 200 lbs. of honey; paid for all hives, including this yeai's supply, from sales of honey. I have eleven colonies ; am wailing for the weather to moderate. J.^mes M. Polley. Meliose, Mass., Feb. 6. I received 1200 lbs. of nice comb honey and about 30 of chunk from 18 hives; sprmg count, 13; increased to 22, but caught four or fiye stray ones I had seven colonies that never tried to swarm. They made me about 120 lbs. each. I caught a swarm June 28 They filled an empty hive and four supers with nice comb ho: ey. J. C. Luginbill. Humboldt, Neb., Feb. 6. A BEGINNER GIVES A THREE-YEARS' REPORT. When I started with bees I knew nothing about them (except that they gathered honey, whi h I like, and would sting, which I did not like) June 26, 1900, 1 hought a swaim (just came out that day) Result for 1900 comb honey, 24 lbs., and brood-nest full, no in- crease, no care. I started in ISIOl with one stand; increased to four; one got away; .surplus comb honey. 63 lbs. In 1902 with three stands I increased to 11 (.=old one); comb honev 79 lbs. or 26'3 per stand, spiing count. 1 started 1903 with 10 stands; increased to 2L; result, comb honey, 700 lbs , or 70 lbs per stand. I winter on summer stands in rough boxes stuffed with chaff; lost none in winter yet. Long Rapids, Mich. Eular Thorne. $500 WORTH OF HONEY FROM 19 COLONIES, SPRING COUNT, ETC. This has been the best season I have had in 25 years' experience. From 19 colonies, spring count. I find by my book I have sold over J500 worth of honey. I am all sold out; all sold in my home market. I attribute my success partly to giving empty comb, or ful! sheets of foundation. Many a step could be saved by the amateur if he would adopt my plan. My hives are all covered with galvanized iron, making a very handy place to write the record on. Every time a hive is opened I set down the date and the exact state of the progress in each super; also other thinj s that I may know about them. This .'aves a vast amount of work. We had a wonderful flow from white clover, but very little from heartsease or sniartweed. Gener- ally sm'ai tweed is our best flow, lasting until frosts. Basswood did not blossom at all. My bees all flew heavily Feb. 5 and 6. They have consumed a great amount of stores. I never saw the like. I fed 25 lbs. to the colony last fall, expecting them to come through heavy. I must feed in March again. I saw a criticism in the American Bee Journal about the Hoffman frames. I got 25 Root hives last fall. I think the end-bars she uld be ', s inch thicker. I cut all my brood foundation so as to leave }{ inch at the ends. I have to waste 54 inch on every sheet, but I never have any buckling, and never have seen drone of any amount built on it. Marceline, Mo. Jan, 7. Irving Long. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 343 OUR HOMES, BY A.I. ROOT. I IWhom the L,ord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. — Heb. 12 : 0. From a recent editorial in the Sunday School Times, under the heading- " Ought we never to be sick? " we make an extract as follows: But God, who is love, is to-day blessing some lives with disease. Through the door of illness he is pour- ing treasui es into the lives of some of his trusting chil- dren, without which those lives would be poverty- stricken in comparison w;th their present wealth. I read the whole article over several times. It is a reply to a correspondent who th'nks the editor of the Times does not give sufficient credit to the subject of divine healing. Dowie has been saying, you know, that all sickness is of the Devil, but the position taken by the Times presents a pretty strong contrast; and I confess it was, at le ist to some extent, a new thought to me that God is sending blessings through sick- ness, pain, and disease. Failing health has certainly made many changes in my life. It has often brought me to a stand- still, and forced me to give up planning for larger and greater business. It has sent me out into the world, away from home with its cares and surroundings. It has put me on my good behavior, and made me gentler and kinder, a better husband, a better father. When one is traveling, especially when he is an invited guest, he is obTged to be pleasant and good-natured; and so far as I am concerned I am inclined to think the Times is at least partly right^ — perhaps entirely so. Permit me to say that, among all our religious periodicals (and I look over a large number), there is not one that takes a higher stand, morally and spiritually, than the Sunday School Times. Let us now go back to our talk in the last issue. The quiet home life that Mrs. Root and I both enjoy so much was suddenly broken up. There were tvso nurses and a hired girl; and before we got through there were several doctors. The fever was soon brok- en up; but Mrs. Root was left very weak and feeb'e. Yes, in just a few days she was a nervous wreck compared with what she had been. When the first trained nurse came she instituted a new order by way of stillness and quietness. The first thing she asked for was an oil-can. When I in- quired what she wanted it for she said there were several doors with "squeaky" hinges; and when Mrs. Root was asleep, it was actually a matter of life and death to avoid every thing that could possibly c is- turb or awaken her. The serious problem at this time was to get her to sleep and keep her sleeping. We were obliged to resort to hypodermic injections of morphine; but the physicians and nurses all declared this was to be only a last resort. I got the oil- can, and volunteered to fix every hinge so there should be no squeak. Pretty soon I was told to go around in my stocking feet or get some dififerent shoes. To be frank, there was some talk of sending me away in order to have things quiet. Now, doctors and nurses are all right; but I knew, and Mrs. Root knew, that it was a settled thing long ago that, when either one of us passed through sickness or went down to death, the other was to be constantly near. Of course, I reformed my noisy ways. I tele- phoned our shoe- dealer to send samples of the best shoes he had in stock, to be worn in a sick-room. There was one pair all felt — felt soles as well as sides; and I have worn them every day from that time till now — nearly three months. These shoes have been such a blessing to me (as well as to Mrs. Root) that I wish to stop a little and talk about them. Heretofore, every winter ever since I can remember I have been troubled with corns and chilblains. After I had worn these soft porous shoes a week or two my corns and chilblains began to disappear. Not only that, the thick tough hard flesh or skin that has been the growth of years, on account of wearing hard leather shoes, has gradually disappeared, or been scrubbed off when washing my feet with strong soap and water. Some time ago I told you about having trouble with my feet burning. Two or three years ago up in Michigan my feet burned so badly that ] walked on snow- drifts by the side of the road in my bare feet to go to Sunday- school. I even stood in ice water in order to cool them off. When spring comes I almost always have trouble of this kind. You may remember I told you that our family physician said my feet did not have ventilation enough — they must have a chance to breathe; and he advised low shoes that would lace down to the toe, or nearly so. That was years ago, and I have worn laced shoes ever since. Well, now, these ielt shoes are away ahead. The air can pass in and out on every side, even through the soles. Of course, I can not go out in the wet with them. When you step out you must have overshoes with rubber soles, for protection from snow and wet*; and since my feet have got well they are al- most never cold. I wear woolen socks with them, and the wool causes no inconvenience, as it formerly did, because of the abundant ventilation. Let us now go ba ck to the sick-room. With these felt shoes I could go all over the house day and night, and I at first ap- proached so silently that I frightened the nurse, and once almost gave Mrs. Root a serious fright. You see her nerves were * One of the great troubles here in our clay country around Medina is cleaning carpets and keeping the house free from dust. Noth'ng annoys Mrs. Root more than to have people come into the house and march straight across the carpet with muddy feet. With these felt shoes that can not be worn outdoors, rubbers rr overshoes of some kind are a necesity, and, as a result. I always step on the carpet with clean feet. Perhaps I should add, "Or at least I am ex- pected to do so." 344 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. I terribly unstrung'. However, she very soon learned to expect about so often an assur- ing touch from me, even if I did not speak, or when she was scarcely able -to speak. I know it helped her to be reminded that I did not forget her even for one moment. For almost two weeks she ate nothing, or almost nothing. Finally, when a little ap- petite began to come, every thing distressed her so we were all puzzled to find something that would give nourishment without giving- great distress. Her dit^estive apparatus was left in a fearful state. The morphine injections, which I suppose had to be given to quiet the nervous spells that threatened her life, very likelj helped to get the diges- tive apparatus out of tune. The doctors all agreed that morphine is very destructive to digestion. I discussed this matter of opi- ates with different physicians of promi- nence; and, so far as I could learn, they are almost a necessity in some stages of dis- ease. In fact, there were times when I think Mrs. Root might not have rallied with- out the assistance of the quieting- influence of a little morphine. She and I both feared that she might get her system in such condi- tion she could not get along without it. The doctors and nurses agreed, however, that there was no possible danger with the sfm.ll dose (3s grain) we gave once (and very rarely twice) in 24 hours. When we dis- continued its use entirely she missed its ef- fect only a little during one night. After that, there was no trouble. I think there is little or no danger unless it is used im- moderately by inexperienced people. The question of brandy also came up, Mrs. Root and I both object to it, even in the sick-room. We have objected to it all our lives, and do yet; but the physicians and nurses were so sure it would be unsafe to dispense with it, we yielded to them. She took quite a little brandy — of course, in small doses. We both watched its effect; and it is her firm conviction now that she would have got along quite as well without it, and I entirely agree with her. I know it is a somewhat serious matter to disagree with experienced doctors and trained nurses, and we accordingly submitted to them; but after getting all the light on the subject we possibly could, and after weigh- ing the matter not only carefully but prayerfully, we are both satisfied in our own micds that there is no need of brandy in the sick room. I am glad to know there are physicians, and prominent ones too, who stand tight with us in this. One of the physicians on the Ohio State Board of Health declares there is no need of intoxi- cating liquors in treating the sick. When one of the nurses ordered a bottle of whisky, without my knowledge, I sent it back to the drugstore. It may be that brandy is some- times needed, but when it comes to pre- scribing whisky I draw the line. When I spoke of sending it back somebody said, " It would be handy to have in the house." Now, it is 7iot handy to have whisky in our house, and, thank God, it never will be while Mrs. Root and I live to manage things — and, for that matter, brandy either. The brandy that was left has been made into camphor. TRAINED NURSES. It was a great privilege to me to get ac- quainted with two up-to-date trained nurses. One of them was educated in Cleveland, if I am co -rect, and the other recently graduated in B:)ston, Mass. In the first place, their teachings were in per- fect harmony with each other; and one prominent characteristic of both was their demand for plenty of ventilation and out- door air. Even during the zero weather there was a window or two open a little almost constantly; and it rejoiced my heart to see how up to date they were in all sani- tary improvements. Few doctors, so far as my experience goes, watch every symptom as did these nurses. Any change in pulse, temperature, or breathing, was noted en a paper chart. They knew all about the ac- tion of the bowels, the operation of the kid- neys, and every phase of the disease was carefully stud ied. A trained nurse must be strong and well. Indeed, she would not be a very good advertisement for her business if she were not strong and well. They must be ready to take charge of any patient, no matter if he has smallpox, cholera, yel- low fever, or any thing else. They mu it be strong physically to handle a patient, and they must be sufficiently gentle and skill- ful to handle him without givinsr him pain. I thought I could handle Mrs. Root without hurting her; but I soon had to admit th it I hadn't the skill (even if I had the strength) of a trained nurse. These nurses kn^w all about doing every thing that can be done vo make the patient feel easy and give him sleep. They know all about hot-water bottles, poultices, plasters, how to put them on and take them off.* After Mrs. Root had been several weeks in bed she became very sore, especially at the time when she was on her back all the time and could not be turned, even on her s'de. The nurse advised a rubber bag in- fiattd with air, with an opening in the cen- ter. This opening is to be put under the portion of the body that has become sore from touching the bed; and then the bag is inflated just enough to be comfortable. I thought they carried the matter of daily bathing a little to excess, but perhaps they * It was a happy surprise to me to find out that th-^se tramed nurses were perfectly sound on Electro- poise, Christian pcitnce. absent hfaling, and every thing of that .'ort. Of course, they h;iJ b^th seen many startling cases of patients that were miraculous- ly cured, apparently, by all of the.se agencies; and they are well aware, too, of the wonderful effect that the mental state of the patient ma^ have over even acute troubles ; and I fear right hear I have omitted to say that the nurse must necessarily be bright and cheerful. No matter what worries and troubles her, she mu.st be ready to cheer, brighten, and encourage, and. if it is possible, get the patient to laughing. One day I was almost frij;htened to hear Mrs Root's ring- ing laughter once more. I was afraid it miaht be hys teri s : but it was only a laughable story from one of the nurses Perhaps I should say we had two nurses at once, for only a short time. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 345 were right. They kept the patient as clean as soap and water could make her, from the top of her head to the tip of the toe. I was inclined to think clean water was good enough to wash with; but the doctors and nurses insist that alcohol possesses great virtues for bathing the sick. This may be true. I do noi feel inclined to quarrel with thim so long as they use it only externally. WHAT SHALL WE GIVE THE INVALID BV WAY OF NOUKISHING FOOD? At a certain stage of Mrs. Root's disease, I for one began to fear she might starve be- cause we could find nothing t^'at would stay in her stomach, or that the biwels could digest. Somebody recommended the juice of orarges. I felt a little fearful at this; and when it caused such bloating and distress that it almost stopped her breath, I was much more alarmed. She had been getting along so well that our regular fam- ily physician ventured to take a trip into another Sta e. He expected to be away only a little more than 24 hours; but soon after he was gone her distress became so great that we called in a young army sur- geon, who had been a schoolmate of Er- nest's, and who had recently returned from the Philippines. In the doctor's absence he kindly consented to advise us. He s lid she would have to be relieved immediately of the accumulation of gas in the bowels. The nurse had tried the usual injections, but without relief. He suggested that she try "milk of assafoetida. " This succeeded when every thing else failed, and in a few minutes she passed from acute suffering to entire relief. Then we discussed the matter of nourishment. Beef tea, malted milk, malted nuts, and many other things were tried, but they did not answer at all. They either produced the dreaded gas or else they would not stay in her stomach at all. Finally one of the nurses said that we should have to feed her on scraped beef. We got the best round beefsteak in the mar- ket, then the nurse scraped it with a dull knife, getting only the pure lean meat with- out any gristle, fiber, or fat. This was then broiled over a bed of hot coals, and there was rejoicing throughout Rootville. She ate this scraped meat with a relish, and it digested all right. Those who have read Gleanings for a few years back will remember how much has been said in regard to the fact that lean meat digests entirely in the stomach, and will keep a patient alive without any distress in the bowels whatever. She lived on this scraped meat until her digestion became strong enough to use beefsteak ground in a meat grinder, such as can be found in almost any hard- ware store. Let me digress a little. During my spells of ill health for almost twent}- years past, I have been more or less on the lean meat diet. Ernest and other members of the family have also been oblig- ed to resort to it. Mrs. Root has cooked beefsteak for myself and for the children through all these years until at times it would not be strange if she hated the sight of it. But she has never eaten any of any account herself. She has sometimes laugh- ingly boasted that, although almost a vege- tarian, she was the healthiest one in the lot. I confess I was pleasantly surprised to and that, when she was almost down to death, the beefsteak diet brought her up when it is highly probable she could not have lived without it.* Dr. Lewis, of Cleve- land, the present advocate of the lean- meat diet, kindly came down to see her, and gave us some very valuable suggestions. For in- stance, she had neglected the hot water, a pint or more to be taken just before going to bed, and an hour or more before each meal. This was a great help to her. Al- though she is eating every thing at the present time, she still holds on to her pitch- er of hot water. I am quite sure a pint or more of hot water taken as above would be a great benefit to anybody, especially one in poor health. God certainly intended we should have water in abundance, and make use of it, internally and externally. ''Wash ye, make you clean." Let me say in closing what I have said several times before, that my firm convic- tion is that thousands of people might be living now who died before their time had they known the benefit of a strict lean-meat diet when the digestive organs, especially the bowels, are unable to digest and assimi- late vegetable foods. Just one more thing I wish to add. In passing through this siege, and in de- ciding these matters in regard to health for the rest of the world as well as for our own home, I have been constantly praying that God would guide me, and keep me from making a mistake in what I write for the friends who read this department. Later.— ^rs. Root says, after reading the above, that I must not forget to mention rice. In leaving the meat diet for other things we found rice agreed with her bet- ter than any other food. It was first boiled up several times, the water poured off, and then steamed for four or five hours. Thus prepared for invalids, we consider it ahead of the many food preparations now made. * Mrs Root had said previous to this sickness, per- haps many times that some people might he able to stand the beefsteak diet, but was sure she could not. Well, *hen we found hy repeate 1 trials there was nothing else that would give her s'rengih and nourish- ment, she said to me one morning while eating her four ounces of nicely cooked groui d meat, "I think, husband, I had better be honest, and confess that, since I have become accust >med to the meat diet, I prefer it now to any other menu the world can fur- nish. And I want to say one thing more. If vou should ever be on the lean-meat diet again I shall have more charity for you. You used to : ay it seemed as if you could not wait ui til the meac was ready. When I get exceedingly faint and n^rvous from a lack of rations, it now seems to me as if I could not wait a minute longer." At this time Mis Root was having four ounces of ground meat four times a day. Be- tween mtals she had a little zwieback ; but we had to make the zwieback rations very small, or else we should have had recurrence of the accumulation of gas in the bowels ; but after giving the b 'Wt Is a rest- ing-spell (or almost a perfect rest, for two or three weeks) she gradun ly recovered her health, and now eats every thing with impunity, just as she always did. 346 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 KLECTROPOISE, OXYDONOR, ETC., ONCE MORP. The Electropoise is considered one of the household blessings here. I put myself through a spell of ty- phoid with it. I never saw a doctor nor had a dose of medicine. I never lost a fine head of hair, and the five or six weeks' illne.'s cost only the ptice of the ice used. I coulr' > ive a dozen rases of other troubles man is heir to. cured by it. We have been u.singitin our fam- ily for nearly twenty years, and consider it ore of God's good gifts. Sarah A. Tillinghast. Morganton, N. C, March 8. My good friend, I am exceedingly glad you got through the typhoid so well, and without any doctor; and may God help me in my effort to convince you that the Elec- tropoise had nothing whatever to do with your recovery unless it was to keep you quiet and give you faith that all would be well. Let me repeat what I have been say- ing again and again througfh Gleanings for nearly ten years past: There is no elec- tricity, no oxygen, no sense nor science about Electropoise at all. Furthermore, the wicked men who sell it know this. If you will take the thing apart you will find the metal shell is filled with sulphur and graphite, or something of that sort. Some of them contain one thing and some anoth- er. But the machine will work exactly as well if 3'ou empty out the contents — that is, if your imagination would work just the same. It is not an apparatus in any sense at all. It is only an empty fraud. You speak about the expense of the ice. The manufacturers claim that the cold, or some- thing else produced by this melting ice, passes along that single wire. Your fami- ly physician, schoolteacher, or anybody else at all conversant with electricity and science, will tell you the whole thing is ridiculous. Prof. H. W. Wiley, United States Chemist, pronounced it at once pure charlatanism. The back numbers of Gleanings will give you any amount of proof of every thing I have said. Before the inventors could get a patent (and it is true they have a sort of patent) they were obliged to admit to the experts at the Patent Office that the device was simply to work on the imagination of the patient. No patent would be granted so long as they claimed thermo electricity or any other sort, nor so long as thej' claimed it took oxygen out of the air and put it into the human body. In order to get any patent they had to be hon- est, at least toward the Patent Office, /bra few tninutes. Then they kept on publish- ing their fraudulent statements about elec- tricity and oxygen just as before. Now, if the thing continues to cure j'ou people after the above explanation, all right — go ahead. But, my dear friend, you have unconsciously given us a wonderful revela- tion; and this fact is being emphasized again and again if the world would only wake up and recognize it. It is this: Thou- sands of dollars, and I might almost say millions, are spent for things to cure dis- ease that neither help nor hinder in any way. Probably a greater part of the med- icines used have nothing whatever to do with the recovery, for nature makes the cure and the medicine gets the credit. You have given us plain proof that people can get through typhoid fever, and get well, without any medicine or doctor. Many of the best thinkers of the present day are suggesting that people might, many of them, get along better without a doctor — that is, the kind of doctors that are altogether too common. The physician who comes into your home, and looks after the water you drink, the air you breathe, and tells you to keep still long enough to give nature a chance, is all right. May God speed phy- sicians of that class; and where the patient would not be satisfied unless he could have some medicine, because it has so many years been the fashion, perhaps a harmless medicine is all right. It simply takes the place of the Electropoise as in the case men- tioned above. May God hasten the day when people may come out of darkness into the light in this matter of helping the sick. MY ROASTED-CHESTNUT POTATO; SOME- THING ABOUT IT PROM THE ORIGINA- TOR. I advised you not to plant them, not only because they were hollow, but because most of them rotted badly around the hollow. I started those and the white ones and manv others from the same seed about seven years ago. All were soon discarded but the red and white, and now comes the strange part of it. The sec- ond year fro-n the seed the red ones grew as large as they do now, and I had about a bushel of them, and not a hollow in them ; and such beauties to cook ! and such a flavor! But you know about that. The third year they were the same, and we thought we had a bo- nanza The next year a little hollow appeared, and grew worse and worse until I sent some to you, when they were so bad I thought it would not pay to raise them any more. May be you can bring them back again to their first excellence. If you can, you will have a prize. I can not understand why Ihev grew so badly, as the others did not on the same .soil, side by side. I called them "Pink Beiuties," for I never saw a finer sight in the potato line than fney were when first dug. stretching across the field like a pink rit>- bon. If you raise them again, just take a look at them in the row when first dug. Benj. Passage. Detroit, Mich., March 20. Since friend Passage mentions it, I re- member that many of them were disposed to rot around the hollow. It is very strange indeed that they should be all right two years, and then suddenly develop that hol- low peculiarity. Will friend Passage tell us if he tested them on different soils? We now discover they have been tested only in Michigan; and perhaps our Medina clay soil may give us some that are not hollow. " Pink Beauties " would be a very appro priate name. When I first picked them out 1904 GLEANINGS IN REE CULTURE. 347 of the sand, and washed them spring water, I thought they were somest potatoes I ever saw, and now the brilliant pink flowers. the accident I have told 3'ou a were scattered here and there ove and when they were in full bloom so handsome they might do very greenhouse plant. in clean the haud- I recolltct Owing to bout, thej' r the field ; they were well for a SWEET CLOVER FOR ORCHARDS, VERSUS CRIMSON. /^>-;>Kd ^(»o/.-— Recently in New York Mr. F E. Daw- ley, Superintendent ot Farm In.>ititules, told me he wa.s giouiug white raeblol in his orchards Every third year he ripens seed, cultivates the ground, and scratches in the seed in the chaff with a weeder. He says seed kept over is not likely to gernii, ale. The o her j'ears he mows it and lets it lie a-, a mulch through fall and winter. He got his first seed by get- ting m as road supervisor, and le'ling the wild road- side crop ripen its seed. Very likely some of your New York readers know llr. Dawley. He s'nd for it. PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATOR CO. Homer C'ty, Pa. NO GAS TO KILL Very little lamp gas in an incubator egg chamber often kills every t^'erm. No^ras can possibly creep into the SVRE HATCH INCUBATOR because it's heated by ourrustless. heavy copper, hot water circulator. Don't waste money and lose good eggs experiment- ing with poor incubators. Send for free catalogue. (' 10 and learn why the Sure Hatch hatches sJirf. Sure Hatch Incu- bator Co., day Center, Jieb. and ludianapoUe. In<1. No Cold Corners In Iowa Round Incubators No half warmed eggs. By "round" system every egg gets same heat — bigger per cent of eggs hatched. Spec- ial regulator overcomes at- mospheric changes. Free ^^ catalog tells the whole story. UWA INCUBATOR COMPANY. BOX 197, DES MOINES. IOWA This is thQ Limit A Hot Water. Self-Regulating, 50 egg Incubator Jl.uO. $0.00 and up for Broodeis- AUon."?© UAITS' THIAI,. No agents. You pay no midd'emen's profits. See catalogue for "100^ Hatches.' Write BUCKEIE INCUBATOR COMPANY., Box 64 . Sprlagfield, Ohia $ I ^-80 For I ^ 200 Ec INCUBATOR Perfect in constructio: action. Hatches every fertil egg. Write for ciUliIo^ to-d.Tv GEO. H. STAHL, QOincy, III POULTRY SUCCESS. nth Year. S2 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beauiifully illustrated. 50c yr. , shows rt':iiler3 how to succeed with Pc ultry. .Special Introductory Offer. 3ycars60cts; 1 year25cts; 1 months trial lOcts. Starapsaccepted. Sample copy free. 148 page illustrateo practical Ultry book free to yearly subscribers, talogue of poultry publications free. Poullry Sutteti Co., sS!oB. J t. ji ^% Silver laced and White 'Wyandcttes; ^^ ^^ Buff Orpingtons : Single-comb, Buff, White, and Brown L,eghoius; Black Spanish; Black Minorcas: Red Caps, -Silver - spanf led Hamburgs. Pi ice list free. Reference. The A. I. Root Co. The QUALITY POULTRY YARDS, Medina, Ohio. THE POULTRY REVIEW, ^"SelTeLl^r^^lL^ of the be^t poultry papers published ; 50c a year ; with this paper, $1.00 a year. Before subscribing el=ewhere get our c'uhhing rates. The Poultry Review, Dept. IX, Bustleton, Pa. ,^ farmers', t, ^ Handy Wagoii With 4-Inch Tire Steel Wheels Low and handy. Saves labor. 'Wide tires, avoid cutting farm into ruts. Will hold up any two-hora« load. We also furnish Steel Wheels to tit any axle. Any size wheel, any width of tire. Catalogue free. UMPIRE MANCFICTURIIG CO., Box SI, Quincy, III, GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 351 LARGEST Clover, Grasses, Timothy and Fodder Plant Seed Growers in the U.S. Operate over 5000 acres. FOR 8 CENTS and the name of tliis paper we will mail, free, samples of CioTer. (Jr&sses, Fodder I'lants, etc , together with mammoth 140 pase Seed Catalogue, well worth 8100 to every wide awake farmer. Send to-day. F. 04. JOHN A.SAL2:ER "" Seed Co. ^ iLaCrosse,Wis,( 12 Pkls SEEDS TS^bI ^15 20c Beet, Egyptian; Cabbaee, Burehead; Carrot, Danvers; Corn, Early Evergreen; Cucumber, Russian; Li ttuce. Early Curied; Musk Melon. Paul Rose; Water Melon, Sweet- heart; Onion. Prize Talker; Rndlsh, Scarlet Turnip; 8qunHh, Marrow; Tomato, Beauty. One packet each for SO ctg. coin or fitampB. FKEE with order, packet of KSSEX KAPE. Mention paper. W. W. BARNARD & CO., 161 KINZIE ST., CHICAGO larieiles.AlsoGrapeSjSmnll t ru its etc. iiest root- ed stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for 10c. Desc. price list free. LEWIS KOtstU^ Vredonia, N. H- ^\-«ir PACKAGES AND BULBS r* ~g bred th d Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- ^ nos, $2.50 each. All others $1.00 each for straight breeders of their sect.' Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens m large lots and to dealers. Address XHe Bee az\ey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Xex. OUR SPECIALTIES Cary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hive and Supers, Root's Sections, Weed Process Foundation, and Bingham Smokers. :: :: •; ■: Bees and Queens in tHeix* Season. 32-pagfe Catalog^ Free ==W, "W. CARY (a SON, Lyonsville, Mass ^ ^ ^ Doolittle Says: ^ ^ ^ Be very choice of this Breeder; if ever a Queen was worth |100, she is." Then we have Breeders from our strain that pave the big yields in '94, and which some of the largest bee-keepers in Cuba say can't be beat. They swarm but little and are honey getters. We are breeding for honey- gatherers more than color. We cull our cells and queens, and warrant queens purely mated. Prices: Select untested, 81.00; select, 81.25 te-ted, $1.-50; select, $i 00, breeders, «:] 00, $4 00, and $5 00. Circulars free. J. B. CAS£, Port Orange, Florida. Leather Colored Italians For Sale! Queens for vSale strain took first premium Minnesota State Fair, 1901 and 1902 Reaiiy May 1st. Eght or nine frame Lang- stroth hives, $5.00; ten frame, $6.00 each, f. o. b. Milaca. W. R. ANSELL, Mille Lacs Apiaries, MILACA, niNN. BEST Golden and Leather Colored Italian Queens. Untested, 75c each- tested, $1 .50 Holy land Queens, best for Southwest, $100 for warranted; $1 50 tested. Breeders, 83 00 to $.5 00 each. -Slone Bee Company,- Slone, I^a. 356 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted under this head at 16 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, and you must SAY you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will be charged our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w w w w ANTED. — Full colonies of bees for spring delivery. Wm. a. Selser, 10 Vine St.. Philadelphia, Pa. ANTED.— Bees. State quantity, lowest cash price, etc. F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston, Mass. ANTED. — To exchange modern firearms for in- cubators. Address 216 Court Street, Reading, Pa. ANTED. — Wax for White Wyandotte and I,eg- hom eggs, and 6-inch foundation mill. Box 37, Altamont, N. Y. w w ANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping-can, for honey. Root's goods. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. ANTED. — To exchange 60 lb cans for honey, cash, or offers. No. 1 at 50 cts. per case; No. 2 at 40 cts. G. I,. Buchanan, Holliday's Cove, W. Va. Y^ANTED.- One hundred barrels of good horserad- ''^ ish. State price, quality, and nearest railway station. M. H. Tweed, 1125 Penn Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. Y^ANTED. — To exchange for a Mann bone-cutter, a '^ foundation-mill and wax dipping outfit as good as new, or will sell. G. R. Fenn. Washington, Conn. V^ANTED. — Full colonies of bees or two-frame nuclei "' with Italian queens on Simplicity frames, deliver- ed April or May. H. P. Faucett, Brandywine Summit, Del. Co., Pa. Y^ANTED — To exchange for offers, afi-horse engine, ' ' 10 horse boiler, 100-gallon copper kettle; saw- mandrel; 2 circular saws; 6-iti. foundation-mill etc. Chas. H. Thies, Chtster, III. RANTED — Bees in Dovetailed or Langstroth hives, full colonies in the immediate vicinity of Chicago. Write promptly, stating nutnber of colonies offered, condition, price at which they will be delivered in Chicago, etc. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. W^ Help Wanted. W ANTED. — Bee-man to run 200 colonies on shares or for wages. Would be in sole charge. W. R. Ansell, MiUe t,acs Apiaries, Milaca, Minn. IVANTED.— Experienced man to work and take '' cha'-ge of bees from about April 15 to Oct. 1. Ad- dress, with references. Dr. Geo D Mitchell & Co., 340 Fourth St., Ogden, Utah. VX^ ANTED —A hustling helper in the apiary: one '' with some experience preferred to work for one havitig thirty years' experience as a specialist in many localities. Also, No. 1 white-clover hcnev in light weights, 12 to 14 ozs. B Walker, 3000 Mich. Ave., Chicago, 111. Situations Wanted. YI^ANTED.— Situation with an up-to-date queen- breeder, east of the Miss. River, to learn the business. I have experience with bees (queen-rearing excepted) in both the East and West. Correspondence solicited. Addre.ss Queen Breeder, Care The A. I. Root Co , Medina, Ohio. w ANTED. — A position as book-keeper. Correspon- dence solicited. Gernal B. Slawson, Greenville, Mich. \V ANTED. — Situation by an experienced bee-man " able to take charge — either salary or shares. Cor- respondence solicited. Address Geo. Herrick, 12,110 Parnell Ave., Chicago, 111. Addresses Wanted. \VANTED. — Your name and address, for circular of '^ bee-veils, veil materials, bee-gloves, and queen, cages. Arthur Rattray, Almont, Mich. w ANTED. — Your address on a postal for a little book on Queen-Rearing. Sent tree. Address Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass. VL^ANTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the '" truth about it by subscribing for the Havana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havana. 8100 per month; $10.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale. — Black and hybrid queens, 30 cts. each. E. A. Simmons, Fort Deposit, Ala. For SALE.--20 Hybrid queens at 50 cts, each. W. A. Sanders, R. F. D. No. 2, Elberton. Ga. For Sale. — A limited amount of ginseng sets. C. G. Marsh, Kirkwood, Broome Co., N. Y. For Sale. — Red Clover and Italian Queens. Send for circular. G. Routzahn, Biglerville, Pa. For Sale. — 300 colonies bees, good house and seven acres aifalfa. W. C. Gathright, I,as Cruces, N. M. For Sale — An apiary running for extracted honey. For paiticulars address J. E lyARRONDO, Sagua la Grande, Cuba. For Sale.— White I,eghorns, extra laying strain, cockrels and hens ; eggs, $1.50. Reference, bank. P. Hostetler, East I,ynne, Mo. For Sale. - 90 cclonies bees, in good condition. 1000 extracting-combs. Must go quick owing to death of owner. A bargain. Address Mrs. Jas. Ralston. Vinton, la. For Sale.— 57 New AE5 8 fr. Root's Dovetailed hives in flat for 855.00, or 10 for |10; also 10 new 2S 8-frame supers in flat for $3.50. R. S. Chapin, Marion, Mich. For Sale. — 5000 I,, extracting combs, in first-class condition, at 10 c each. Also 200 Strame painted bodies at 25c. H. & W. J. Manley, Sanilac Center, Mich. For .Sale. — lyCathercolored Italian bees, with a tested queen in each colony, at $8.00 per colony. Good strong swarms. In lots of ten, $5.00 each. No dis- ease. F. A. Gray, Redwood Falls, Minn. Clubbing Offers. — Modern Farmer, Western Fruit Grower, Vick's Family Magazine or Poultry Gazette, and Gleanings, all for $1.00. First three 50 cents. Write for others. Modern Farmer, St. Jcseph, Mo. For Sale.— Apiarian outfit of small house and acre of land with 200 colonies Italians in Dovetailed hives, in best white-clover part of Minnesota (also basswood and goldenrod); to a buyer of the lot, colo- nies at $4.00, and accessories at one-half list price; combs 20c a square foot. X Y Z, Gleanings. For Sale — In Canada, fine garden property, three acres, 50 colonies bees and supplies; garden and car- penter tools, rigs, foot-power machinery, splendid house of 10 rooms, two wells, cistern, apples, pears, plums, grapes, small fruit, hedges, and ornamental trees. Near Woodstock. Particulars of F. Eden. Eastwood, Ont. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 357 For Sale.— Single-comb White Leghorn eggs from extra laving strain. 15 81.00 30, 81 75 100. $4.00. C. M. \VooL\-KR, Richfield Springs, N. Y. For S.'iLE — 8-frame IJ^-story hives made of Michi- gan white pine. Root's frames inside. Five. $5.00; 10, P.OO. Nailed and painted, readv for bees, |1. 50. Sec- tions until April 1st at last year's prices. Send for list. W. D. SOPER, R. F. D. No. 3, Jack.son, Mich. For Sale — My apiary outfit consisting of Dove- tailed-hive bodies fillel'with frames of comb; honey and wax extractors, comb-buckets and other fixtures Will fill orders as received ui^il sold. .Sawmill well located almost new. Also good farm well located. All for sale cheap. B. J._Cross, Auburn, Alabama. For S.-vle. — .•Vn apiary and farm, consisting of 120 acres good grazing land, and on!}' fifteen minutes' walk from the city of Cardenas, and on the public road; having on said place 350 hives ( \merican system), all necessary supplies to handle these, good house on grounds, numerous fruit-trees, plenty of shade for bees, thirty odd head of cattle raised on the place, among these six fine American milch cows (Holstein stock) selling nice little amount of milk daiiy, good- ridin; saddle-horse, ox wagon with fine yoke oxen in fine condition, two good water wells, large pine-apple grove now producing, and with capacity to plant, if required, 60 000 henequen plants. St 11 for cash, or on time with satisfactory guarrantee. Address American Bee Hive, f. O. Box 41, Cardenas, Cuba. If a Heavy Horse should run into Page 2.3-Bar Poultry Fence it would stop him, and not damage horse or fence. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO . Adrian. Michigan. ACME Pulverizing HARROW Clod Crusher and Leveler sizes 3«o 13M Feet. The best puWeiizer and cheapest Riding Harrow on earth. We also ■^ jiiakewalkingAcmes. The Acme ci ii ihes. cuts, pulver- ize^, turns ,uid levels all toils for all purposes. Made of cast steel and virouL'lit ii on -Indestructible. CahI am Tv!«I To be returned at mvexpenseif OCIII Un I rial not satisfactory. Catalog and booklef'An Ideal Harrow" by Henry Stewart, mailed free, 1 deliver f.o.b. New York, Clilcneo. Colombng, tonis- yilie, Kansas City, Ilinneapolls, San Franrtsco. DUANE H. NASH, Sole Mfr., Mllllngton.N. J. Branch Houssa: HO WashinKtonSt., Chicago 240-244 Tth Ave. South, Minneapolis. 1316 W. 8th Street. Kansas CitT. SI 5 E. Jefferson St., Louisville. Kt. Ct. Water and W. ftav Sts. . ColumViUB, 0 i?r,EASE ME>TION THIS PAPER AT HOLDER fireat Scott Incubator case has no invisible cr.acks and porous seams to waste the precious heat that starts chick germs into life. The Greiit Scott Incubator is rigid; strong; easily regulated; causes no worry; gives liigh percent hatch- es. Ask now for free catalogue. Scott Incubator Company, Boi 94 Indianapolis, Indiana Our Best Advertisement ia a eatislicil customer. If any neighbor or nc- (luaintanciMif yours has bad busini ss diu lings with u.; hasi"vc-r]iiir<-!iiiscd ii Split llicl.oiy Vehicle or Harness, iisk liliii it we did not f nihil ever.v part of our agreement, and furnish hira with a perft ct and liigh grad.^ vehicle nt a very moderate and satisfactory price. WE WANT YOl' to be our "ailvertisiment" in your neighborhood. Wewart vour neighbors to acknowledge that your buge.x is the best, handsomest, most comfortable and the best bargain for the price they ever saw. Theyard you will agree on this fact when you receive a 1904 Split Hickory ^^(1 Special BSggv ^^ 138 Page Catalogue FREE The highest type of buggy possible to be built for the price and everyone accompanied by our 3 Year Absolute Ouarnniec When the buggy arrives you are permitted to use it before jou decide to keep it. We allow you 30 Days Free Tri If it proves all you expect, you will wish to keep it. If it disappoints you in any particular, send it back to us at our expense and it shall cost you nothing Keiid the following partial description of the 1904 SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL: Wheels-S.-irven patent, 3S and 42 inches high or higher if wanted. Tire 'J inch liy h inch thick, round edge. Axles— Long distance, dust i roof, with cemented ajle heds ••prIliBS— Oil tempered, graded and graduated, 3 and 4 leaf- Wooden spring bar furnished regularly. Bailey loop if preferred. ITphoIsterlnj;— Finest quality 16 oz. imported all wool broadcloth cushion and back. Spring cushion and solid panel spring hark. Top— Gen- uine No 1 enameled leather quarters with heavy water- proof rubber roof and back curtain, lined and reinforced. Painting— Wheels, gear wood, body and all wood work carried imi days in pure oil and lead. IB coats of paint with the very hiahest grade of finishing varnish. Gear painted any color desired. Body plain black, with or with- out any striping. This buggy is furnished complete with good, high padded patent leather dash, fine quality, full length carpet, side curtains, storm apron, quick shifting shaft couplings, full leathered shafts with 30 inch point leathers, special heel braces and corner braces. Send for our FREE 136-page Catalogue of Split Hickory Vehicles and Harness. NOTE— We manufacture a full lineof high grade Harness.sold direct to the user at wholesale prices. The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co. (II. C. PHELPS, President), 4220Sixth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. FENCE! STRONGEST MADE. Buu strong, Chicken- Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale Friers. Fully Warrantrd. Catalog Free. COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box 101, TTInehester, Indiana, U. 8. A. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honey, sections, cotnb]toundatioa, and such other articles used in the apiary. IVriie for price list. A. W. S'WrAN OJb CO. Centralia, Kan. 358 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 Sweet BEE- SUGAR CHEAP. QQl Per UU2 cent PURE [U8aR, We have a quantity of lumpy granulated sugar, which it was" our intentio-i to melt over next Srason If dry weather continues, and bee feeding becomes nectssary, we be- lieve it will pay you to use some of this to save your colonies. Price (subject to mar- ket change) $5 OJ per hundred in 100-lb. bags, cash accompanying older. HiivitiK seen a sam- ple of this sugar. I recommnnd it as be- ing hi-alfhier as w< 11 as chi aper tr> feed than honey, with no danger of foul brood from its u-e. H J. Mercek, Sec'y Oal Nat Hon- ey-Produceib' Ass'n. Los piamitos Suoar LOS ALAMITOS, CALIF. Our Ten-Thousand Dollar Bee keepers' supply inaiiufacmring- plant is ^eadv for busmei-s. Send /'or f» ice list. WOr DTNC efsFC. CO VI PA NY, 147-149 Cedar Lake Road. Minneapolis. Minn, . . Bee-Keepers*£Su.pplies . . Berry-Boxes, Lock-Cornered and Mailing Boxes, Etc., — MANUFACTURED BY — J. J. Bradner, Marion, Grant Co., Ind. Orders filled promptly. Send for catalog. Pacific Coast Buyers are directed to the announcement that SMITHS' CASH STORE (inc.) 25 Market St., San Francisco, California, carries a complete line of apiary supplies. Root's reg- u arand Danzenbaker hives, Dadanl's foundation, and Union hives. Money can be i-aved by buying from them. Prices quoted same as Root's catalog for 1904, with carload rate 90c per 100 pounds added This saves buyers |1 50 per 100 pounds in freight, or 36c on each hive. NOT IN the: trust. The oldest bee-supply house in the East. Sells the BEST GOODS at former prices. Send for C a t a 1 o gf. J. H. M. COOK. 70 Cortlandt St., New York City. Succeeded to the business of A. ]. King, Dec. 14, 189 . MarsKfield Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in. the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. ijhe MarsKfielcl Manufacturing Company-, Marshilsld, Wis. Kretchmer Manfc. Co. Box 60, RED OAK, IOWA. BEE - SUPPLI We carry a large stock and greatest vari- I ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- • suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, ►and prompt shipment. We want every ' bee keeper to have our FREE H,L,USTR AT- ' ED CATAI^OG, and read description of I Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. r WRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. I Trester Supply Company. Lincoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Chas. A. Meyers, Leipsic, Ohio. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 359 IVIoro Room, iVIoro S"t< We now occupy the greatest floor space, and carry the larg- est stock of goods, that we ever did before. Our specialty is Wholesale and Retail Lewis' Goods AT Factory Prices. Dovetailed hives, Wisconsin hives. Champion ChafT hives, Improved Langstroth Simplici- ty hives, and our new hive which we call the Acme hive. Thousands of pounds of comb foundation; millions of sections in about 30 difft-rent sizes and styles, and everything the bee- keeper needs. Also a full line of Hoosier Incubators and Brooders. Do not fail to find out all about THE ACME HIVE. Hundreds of them already sold, this year. Catalogs andplnty of information free. lyet us estimate on your order. C. M. Scott &, Co., Ewas'M°gionsi Incllanapolls, Ind. Perfect Goods ! 1 ow Prices ! ^^ "»?? A Ctistomer Once, A Ctistomer Always. V? We manufacture BEE-SUPPLIES of all kinds. Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years \Ye have published ^6c Ameri- ca.!! Bee-Keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best mat^azine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. ADDRESS S>6c "W. T. Falconer Mfg. Company, W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. Jamestown, N. Y. 360 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 Special Notices by A. I. Root. ■WANTED — R. ABE NUSBAUM, TANEYTOWN, MD. The above young man who advertised for a si nation on pige 98, Jan. 15, is wanted by his parents. He left home March 2 Address Mrs. D. C. Nusbaum, Taney- town, Md., Route 17. A POSTAL-PARCEL SY.STEM FOR THE UNITED STATES. A former postmaster-general, when asked about the chances of a postal-parcels system, said there were four insuperable obstacles to such a law, specifying by name four express companies. These companies had influence enough 30 years ago to direct any legislation they w.'inted, and they have the same influence to-day. And yet it costs just four times as much to send an eight-pound parcel by mail from Rochester to Buffalo as it would to send the same parcel from Edinburgh through the United States to Seattle. The Govern- ment has got to buv out the express companies. And now arises the question. '' Is the postal depart- ment of the United States run by these four express companies, or is it managed b3^ the people and for the good of the public at large?" ADDRESSING GOODS FOR SHIPMENT, Every person who makes an order for any thing whatever should be especially careful to tell exactly how he wants his goods marked. It would save no end of bad feeling, and thousands of dollars in money, if every one who makes an order would say at the end of his 'etter: " Mark goods as follows;" and then put on a blank leaf of the letter, if there is one, or wher- ever there is plenty of room, just exactly what you want the shipping-clerk to put or top of your box. This is the more important, oecause so many of the friends have a freight depot with an address different from that of their postoffioe. And even if there is not, there is scarcely a case where there is not some little kink about the way goods should be addressed that the writer knows more about than anybody else. The shipping-clerk, especially in the busy season, is rushed with business. It takes lots of time for him to turn the letter over and look at the beginning and end to find out where the writer lives and how the goods shoul 1 be marked. I have talked so much about rub- ber stamps, giving your address just as you want it, that I thought I would not say any thing more about it here; but whatever you do. in making an order do let us know just what you want put on the box in the way of marking. If you do not know which will be cheapest for you — expre,ss, freight, or mail — we will gladly figure out, the best we can, which way will be best. But when you wish us to do this, give us the postoffice, express office, and freight ofiSce, especially if they happen to be different. Just now I have a case before me where one of our friends in the South lost a whole season's work with his bees just because the goods were addressed exactly as he requested us to address his mail; and, if I am correct, he failed to say in his letter that his goods by freight were not to be marked the same way as letters went. He thinks " anybody of common sense ought to have known," under the circumstances, that his freight should not be addre.ssed the same as the letter to his postoffice He fina'ly went to law in regard to it; but I think his own attorney told him the fault was his own. Now he threatens to publish us if we do not make good his loss. Now, whatever you do, tell us just how your box of stuff is to be marked. Kind Words from our Customers. In regard to hives made at a planing-mill (page 174), excuse me. I tried a few and had nothing to fit right or proper. Root's factory hive suits me best. Mechanicsburg, Pa. E. P. Slarry. "Your A B C of Bee Culture came a few weeks ago. It is the best bee-book I ever saw, and I am 61 years old, and have kept bees 4.5 years, and have a varie y of bee-books. I have three of your ABC books, but the last one tops them all. H. F. Carpenter. East I,os Angeles, Cal. Since a neighborint bee keeper called my attention to Gleanings with a sample copy I have taken a very deep interest in you all, and your success. I have kept a few bees for a good many years, and they have been a great help as well as a source of much enjoyment. We have a large family, and a good addition to our in- come has come from my bees, as well as the sweeter of the two luxuries that has come to us unchanged from thegirden of Eden. Milk and honey are seldom ab- sent from our table Sometimes it has been hard work to keep up my subscription, and I have allowed it to run behind, and this year I thought to stop it as I do not enjoy it when I know it is not paid for as I do when it is mine. I generally look at the honey market, then at Straws then turn to the Home talks.'and they have so many times bolstered up my courage to pick up my burden of daily care and toil that I have felt as if I must some time tell you of it, and wish you God speed in your work. Mrs, S C. B socks. Springcreek, Pa., Dec. 11. The Breed that Lays is the Breed that Pays. We make a specialty of SUPERIOR STOCK in .Single-comb White Leg- horn eggs for hatching. $3.00 for 15. $5.50 for 30, $6.75 for 45, $12 for 100. KINGSTOWN, The SNYDER BEE & HONEY CO., NEW YORK. When you need bees and want your order filled by leturn mail, with the BEST queens that money can bu}i , we can serve you. Our queens are large, healthy, and prolific, from our reliable strain of three-band Ita'ians, which all bee- keepers know to be the honey-gatherers. Our queens are all select. Choice tested queens $1 00 each; 812.00 per dozen; untested queens 75c each, $8.00 per dozen. Send for price list. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LOUISIANA. Try my strain of three and five banded queens; untested, in April and May, SI. 00 each ; six for $5.00. Tested, in March and April, |1.25 each ; six for $7.00. Orders by return mail. Am booking orders for early delivery. Sold 1800 last year. Can fill all orders, no matter how large. DANIEL WURTH, Karnes City. Karnes Co., Texas. Mention Gleanings in your order. QUEENS FOR 1904 1 <) O 4. TRY J. W. TAYLOR'S record-breakers. Thej^ are three- bauded leather-colored Italians. They have broken all records as honey gatherers. I have made a specialty of queen-breeding for ten years to secure the best bees, and now I have them. Untested, 75 cts., or $8.00 a dozen; tested, $1.25 each; select tested, $1.75; each. Breeders, the best, $4.00 each. I have three yards, and can till all orders by return mail. I guarantee safe arrival and .satisfaction. J. E. Atchley says the finest queen he ever owned he bought from me. Tryone. J. W. TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark. E. E. Lawrence (Box G 28), Doniphan, Mo. ij' Breeder of Fine Italian ^ QUEEN BEES. Send for Price List. Local Agents for Root's Goods. Y^ANTED.— Twenty-five cents in stamps for 25 T. W. '^' bee-brushes, by mail. Nothing better. They wear too. Dan White, New London, Ohio. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. • 361 r*- i"\ SPECIAL ATTENTION L -SHOULD NOW BE- GIVEN TO YOUR QUEENS. YOUR SURPLUS HONEY Will Depend on the Age and Quality of the Queen Mother. K NOWING how much depends on having such queens as can be relied on to produce honey, we use extra care in the selection of our breeding stock. Select- ed queens are given one year's trial in our out- yards, and those only are used for breeding that have shown a marked superiority in the yield of surplus honey. Tested and select tested queens can be had on receipt of order, and nuclei and untested queens by April i. We give special attention to the shipment of nuclei and our large apiaries enable us to supply them in any quantities promptly. One pleased customer says : " The bees came on the 27th, and they are simply elegant." For prices of bees, queens, hives, and other supplies, send for our 64-page catalog. J. M. JENKINS, WETUMPKA, = ALABAMA. <«^^ii"^ia^^ 362 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 1 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. ^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ iSeiikd for O^r FB.EK New Illiistrated Catalog arid Price List. >!* ^ F I R E Otir entire stock Avas not destroyed Warehouse escaped with full line of Bee keepers' Supplies. Foundation-machinery now running' full capacity, and back orders nearly tilled. Send in your order and it will receive our prompt attention. :: :: :: :: Retail and WHolesaIe> Send at once for catalog with prices and discounts. Work- ing wax into foundation for cash, a specialty. Ask for samples. Beeswax always wanted, at tiighest prices. GUS DITMER, Augusta, >Visc. F I R E ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦< ►♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ Bingham Smokers Bingham Smokers aie the originals, and have all the improve- ments, and have been the Standard of Excellence for 23 years. No wonder Bingham'.s four-inch Smoke engine goes without puff- ing, and does t ot dr p inky drops Th. perforated si eel fite giale has 881 hoi' s to air the fuel and support the fire. Heavy t'n smi ke-engine. 4 inch stove, per mail. $1.£0 ; 3J^ inch, 51.10; 3-inch, |1.C0; 2j4-inch, 90 cents; 2-inch, 65 cents. T. F. Bingham, Farwell, Mich. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ < Volume XXXII. APRIL 15, 1904. WSBEE CULTURE Market Quotations 363 Straws, by Dr. Miller 375 Pickings, by Stenog- 377 Conversations with Doolittle 377 Editorials ^'7** Bee Paralysis Hereditary 379 The Would-be Inventors of Beedom 379 A Suit, N. B. K. A Victorious 379 Possibillities of Bee-keeping in Texas 380 Corn Syrup and Honey 381 Keep More Bees— Is the Advice Good? 381 Gkneral Correspondence 383 Compound Eye of the Bee 383 Bee Matter 384 Queens MatingTsvice 385 Egg-laying Capacity of a Goou -en 387 Holding a Swarm of Bees on the ->ire Arm 388 Report of Michigan Bee-keepers' Convention..389 Bacillus Alvei 391 Formaldehyde Gas as Disinfe at 392 Why Cuban Honey Comes in \ ..ter 393 Heads of Grain 394 Cutting Candied Honey with a Wire 394 Rendering Wax Out of Old Combs 394 Spreading Brood Without Danger 395 Cleaning Bees from Extracting Combs 395 Shallow Hives 395 Frame Tongs 395 Honey from Pine Needles 396 Drain-tile Hive-stand. 39(i Salisb\iry's House-Apiary Not a Failure 39() Boardman Honey that Candied 397 Transferring from Old Box Hives 397 Our Homes 398 Special Notices 412 ,1 !-». -A ^^^ THEA.I.fiHilROOTCtt ^' eMEDlNAl^g^J OHIO S ' Eastern Edition. Entered at the Postoffice, at Medina, Ohio, as Second class Matter. ■•««^ai^i^iaiHBi^«fl FLOOD WATER M ARCH 26 to 31, we had from two to four feet of water in our ware- houses. As a result, we will sell Sections, $1.00 A THOUSAND less than catalog prices. Founda- tion at 5 cents per pound less than listed prices. Special prices on 25 and 50 pound lots. These prices good only as long as the wet goods last. WE HAVE PLENTY DRY GOODS IF YOU PREFER THEM Write for particulars. LEWIS C.& A. G. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, - Mich. Hilton's Chaff Hive fortifies ycur colonies against sudden changes of weather in spring and fall. Only a little extra work neces- sary to change them for winter, and make them frost- proof. This work can be put over until late in Novem- ber or December, after the busy time at this season of the year. The double cover with ventilators enables the bees to continue work in snptrs during the intense heat of summer, where the hives, of neces- sity, are exposed to the sun during the middle of the day. Ask for copy of report from Michigan Agricultural College, regarding " Double v. Single Walled Hives." A large part of many apiarists' time is consumed in shifting from winter to summer, and summer to winter quarters, which could be well spent in caring for a larger number of col- onies. This is overcome by using Hilton's Chaff Hive. Write for cata- log. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. Beeswax wanted. George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. mjwJu\mym.Ou W^ l Oun) tataJW W'W' (xMvvuv; WW- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 367 C. H. W. Weber, Headcftiarters for Bee-Su R.oot's Ooods at Root's Factory Pri C, M. W. Weber, Office (Sb Salesroom, 2146-214S Central A.ve. IVarehouse, FreemaEv as\\tral A.vei\tie. CINCINNATI, OHIO. (^ ♦^ ft/1 J Let me sell you the Best Ooods Made; you will be pleased on receipt *** ^ of them, and save money by ordering from me. Will allow you a discount on ^ f^ early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very larg-e. Cincinnati is r$» f^ one of the best shipping- points to reach all parts of the Union, particularly fj^ pj^ in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction T T guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed T ^ promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :: :: •• ^ ^^ 1 Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and *. T a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and ^■^ H^^ without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey ^^ ^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and Wf* 1^ bee-veils. ^^ ^ (^ ^ I Shall be Pleased to Book Your Order for Queens; Golden 1 ♦ Italians, Red-clover, and Carniolans. Will be ready to furnish nuclei, be- T H^^ ginning with June, of all the varieties mentioned above. Sii* ^ (^ 'f^ I will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and (|j i|j I have In Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants: Sweet- i^ ^ scented clover, white, and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- J^ A. celia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. t riS r,i r \\i\T,<; i\ r-rr rriTrRF. Apr. 15 Honey Market. G RADING-RULES. Fancy —All sections to bo well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel- Btain or otherwise ; all the cells sealed exceut an occasional cell, the outside surface of the wood well scraped of propolis. ANo. 1.— All s -i.-. i; in cans He more. Alfalfa, water-white, 6fai6J4 strictly white clover for extra fancy, 7}4@8. Bei swax 30. C. H. W. Weber, April 7. 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. St. IvOUIs — Fancy comb honey would probably bring from 13@14 in our market at present, but there is none he- e of that description. A No. 1 is in fair de- mand at 12; No 1, at 10@11; No. 2. about 9; No. 3, from 7@8. We wish to state that considerable sugared hon- ey is on this market, which is sold as low as 7 c. per pound. Extracted honey is quotable al5fd5]4 in cans; 4@4H in barrels. Dirk, inferior goods will bring less. R. Hartmann & Co , April 8. St. t,ouis, Mo. Milwaukee. — The market on honeyhas not changed very ma e ially since our lat.t report The supply con- tinues ample to supply the demand The .>.hles are sh'W, vetitif going out but not as fast as we or ship- pers desiie, an'* there may be a probability of some comb honey being carried beyond the spting sc son; Y -t. as thefe is a good margin of time before another crop we aie hoping it will all sell at fair values and we shall do all we can to get a fair value tor all fancy slock. We quote: Fancy 1-lb sections. 12(^13; A 1-lb. sections, llft>12H; inferior grades nominal — 10@11. Extracted white in barrels, pails, cans. (>}/i&7. Bees- wax, 28fg;80. ; A. V. Bishop & Co , March 23. Milwaukee, Wis. Kansas City.— There seems to be a little better demand for honey; the market is strong at $2.25 for fancy white comb; 82.15 for No. 1: and 82.00 per case for amber. We should not be surprised to see the mar- ket make qui' e a little advance from now on Mar- ket on extracted, both in cans and barrels, lemains very dull, and it takes extremely low prices to move same. Beeswax is in good demand at 30c. C. C. Clemons & Co., April 8. Kansas City, Mo. San Francisco. — New comb per lb , white, 10@12; amber. 8@10. Extracted, water-white. 5^f3)fi: light am- ber, 5@5^, dark amber. 4 J4(®5 Beeswax. 28@b0. Ernest B. Schaeffle, March 25. Murphys, Cal. Boston.— There is nothing new to note, either re- garding the con< ition of our honey market or prices. The demand is nati rally not s-o heavj a? it was. owing to he warmer weather and the near approach of the maple-sugar season. Prices remain as before. Blake. Scott & L,ee, April 9. Boston,, Mass. Toledo. — Market on comb honey has been a little du'l the past month. However, we wish to quote fancy white clover in a retail way at 15; No. 1 14. no demand for dark. Extiacted in 'barrels brings 6^; amber, 5%; in cans, ]4c more. Griggs Brothers, April 9. 214 Jackson Ave., Toledo, O. Toronto. — Comb honey, culls $1.25 per do7en; fair $1 50 No. 1. 81 75; extracted honey, slow; little demand, from 6 to 6%c per lb in wholesale lots. Demand in retail stores about as usual. E- Grainger & Co., April 11. Toronto, Ont. Buffalo.— Comb honey is moving fairly well at steady prices. Fancy white comb, 12Hfa»13; A No. 1 white comb, 12(ai2>^; No. 1 white comb llj^(ai2; No. 2 white comb. 12^^13; No. 3 white comb. lOo 10% No. 1 dark white comb, ]0@11; No 2 dark white comb. 9@10; white extracted, 6}^(ffi7; amber extracted, t'@6H; dark extracted, 5H@6. Beeswax 28@32. W. C. Townsend. April 11. Buffalo, N. Y. BEE-SUPPLIES EXCLUSIVELY. : A COMPLETE LIME OF — Lewis' Fine Bee-Supplies, Dadant's Foundation Bingham's Original Patent Smokers and Knives, Root's Extractors, Gloves, Veils, Etc. Qtieen Bees and nuclei in season. In fact, anythingf needed in the /'Bee-line," at FACTORY PRICES HERE IN CINCINNATI, where prompt service is yours and freight rates are lowest. Special discounts for early orders. SEND FOR CATALOG. THE FRED W. MUTH GO. Wc are successors to nobody and nobody is successor to us. 51 WALNUT STREET. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 1904 Albany. — Stock of honey here is working off better siiue weather became warmer, and ooks nioie encour aging tor selling ont slock. Thf past thiee cold nioiuh'i have been not only very cliscoiu aging, bu al- most all honey hardenfd in the comb and gives veiy poor saii-faction Pri^ e-^ are nominal now. from 8 to is CIS for comb, according lo condition of honey. Ex- tracted slow at G.a65^ for buck whe land iil4 for light grades. MacDougal & Co , March 23. Albany, N. Y. Drnver.— There is s\iflficient stock in this market to meet the local demand No. 1 w hite, $J .50(0 2 75 per case of 21 sections; No. 2 white. S'2.2r(a2 40 ptr case of 2-1 sect on'^. White extiacled, 7fa.754 Clean yellow beeswax watiled at 28(580 crnts per pound, according to color The Colo. Honky Producers' Assn., March 21, 1440 Market fet., Denver, Colo. GLEANINGS IN Bl'.K LT"!.'l I'RR. 369 — HONEY QUEENS — Columbus. — Receipts light, demand good at follow- ing prices: Fancy white, 14 ; No 1 white, lirail2 am- ber, lOalO}^. Evans & Turner, April 9. Columbus, O. For S.ale. — Thirty barrels choice extracted white- clover honey Can put it up in any stjle of package desired. Write for prices, mentioning style of pack- age, and quantity wanted. Sample mailed on receipt of three cents in P. O. stamps. Emil J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale.— 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in cases of two new 60-lb. cans each, at 7% cts. per lb.; 3351b. barrels at 7 cts. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R R. No. 1, Viola, Wis. For Sale. — T have a few more ca.ses of comb honey (mostly buckwheat), which I will offer at a reduced ptice to close out. N. t,. Stevens, R. D. 18, Moravia, N. Y. For Sale. — Fancy basswood and white-clover hon- ey: 60 lb cans, Sc; 2 cans or more, 7'.^c: bbls , 7!'2C. E. R. Pahl & Co., 294 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. Wanted. — Honey. Selling fancy white, 15c; amber, 13c. We are in the market for either local or car lots of comb honey. Write us. Evans & Turner, Columbus, Ohio. Wanted. — Beeswax; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted— Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted.— ^'j'/ra fancv comb honey, about 100 lbs. each in Dinz and i^^xi]^ sections, the latter in two- beeway and four-beeway sections. The a. I Root Co., Medina, Ohio. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at any time of the year Write us if you have any to dispose of. HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paj-ing 29c cash or 31 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St , Chicago, 44 Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The a. I. Root Company, Medina, O. Clias. Israel (SL Brothers 486-4QO Canal St., Ne^v YorK. .WholesaleJDealers and Commission Merchants inj Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. Consignments Solicited. Established 1876. Golden and Leather colored Italians Do you want tine queens? 1 have them. Tesltd $1.25. six for $6 50; select- d testtd, $1.50; extra select tested, |2.00; breed- eis S3 00. H. C. TRIESCH, Jr., DYER, AR.K. 1 Q O 4- TRY J. \V. T.-VYLORS rpcord-breakers. The> are three- liaiiiled liJiither-colored Iialiiins. They have bn^ken all records as hoiiey-eathenrs. I have made a specialty of queen-breedins for ten jears to secure the best bees, and now I have them. Untested, 75 cts., or J8.00 a dozen; tested, $l.'i5 each; select tested, ^l.lh; each. Breeders, the best, $4.00 each. I have three .vards, and can till ail orders by return mail. 1 guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction. J. E. Atihley sa>s the finest queen he ever owned he bought from me. Try one. J. W. TAYLOR, «Jzan, Ark. QUEENS DIRECT From ITALY Please send us your address on a postal card, and we will send jour our ptice list of queen-, witien in Eng- lish. Correspondence tio( suffii ieutly posl-slaniped will be refused Our mottn; ■ Whatsoever ye would that n'en should do to vou, do ye even so to them.' Write MALAN BROTHERS, Queen - breeders. "Apiaro." Luserna, San Giovanni, Italy. HamU UIviIm lln inquiring about nuclei for linn I WniR MR dehvery in May, later than UUII I IllllU l«IU 20ih of April I have re- ceived orders for one half the number I can supply, and the prospects are that my present propol^als to prospective buyers will crowd me with orders. B. F. AvERiLL, Howaidsville, Va. U STORY EIGHT-FRAME L HIVE $ 1 .00. Sc-tions Dovetai'ed hives. Foundation and all supplies at Reduced Prices. Send for list. W. D. SOPER. ■ Route 3. JACKSON. MICH. MAPLE ^ SYRUP FOR SALE in one-gallon cans, $1 20 per gallon; 10 gallons @ $1.10. ©J^c A. I. Root Co., Medina, O. PKacelia Seed to Sell. One of the greatest honey-producing plants known. 15 cts per oz, or two ounces for 25 cts. Address A.. S. THompson, Garfield, "Wash. Squabs are raised in one month, bring BlOPRtCES. Eager market. Money- makers for poult r.vmeri. larmers, wo- men. Here is somethine wokth look- ing INTO. Send for our FRKE BOOK. "How to Make Money with Squabs, and learn this rich inilustry. Address PLYMOUTH KOCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., boston, MAS containing monthly a ') comprehensive review of the be-t poultry papers published ; 50c a year ; with this paper, $1.00 a year. Before subscribing elsewhere get our clubbing rates. The Poultry Review, Dept. IX, Bustleton, Pa. SWEET=POTATO SEED Sound, bright stock ; most popu- lar varieties. Send for de- scriptive price list. :-: :-: L. H. Mahan, ^"'',,3 Terre Haute, Ind. THE POULTRY REVIEW, 370 GLEAXIXGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 CONVENTION NOTICES. The annual spring meeting of The Fulton and Mont- gomery Counties' Bee-keepers' society will be held in the parlors of the Central Hotel at Amsterdam, N. Y., on Tuesday, Mav 3, at 10 o'clock, a. m. West Gaiway,'N. Y. T. I. Dugdale, Sec'y. The Connecticut Bee-keepers' Association will hold their spring meeting in the capitol, at Harttord. on April 28 1904, to begin at 10: a m. All bee-keepers and their friends are cordially invited to attend A question-box will be opened and several interesting essays ptesen'ed. E. E Smith, Sec. An insult to your face — poor soap; insist on Williams' Shaving Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet ** How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. A «622 Parisian Hat For $1.95 These hats are enact corie» ^oftlie very latest Parisian Mujels for Spring and t^um- nier of ITOt Tlie French patterns of these dainty .prace- f il elcBant hats cost «:» Ull and $^11111 and any fii^t-class Milli- ler would charge at least $b 00 and ! 00 for Copies of them. These exuuisite creations are entirely hand made, of -hiph- grarte nnterial and are sol i at cost of tho goods a! ne simply to introduce our Milli- ^ nery to thoiisan-ls of new custom': rs. *otJ rres9 prepaid; examine it at ei!|ires3 offlce, try iton, and if you lind it just as represented, and worth $6 00 to $S.UO, pay express agent the balance and the hat is yours. If hat 13 not perfectly satis- factory in every respect, return it at our expense, and we will promptly refund the inon y Voii run n. 881— This hand-made, torpedo- shape turban is faced with tucked all- silk chiffon, and has a large gold coid No. 881 draped in knot effect entirely around the brim, which falls ofT the back, endint; in gnld tassels The crown is made entirely of spangled jet and IS encircled by a large wreath of imported all- Bilk jioppies and buds, and is trimmed with all-silk taffeta rilihon. Front haniieau. This creation is very stunning and effectne; gives a youthful appearance to the wearer and softens the lines of the face Cmiies only in Black If it could be found djo qC in millinery stores It would sell for |S 00 Onr price ^C^^O ^Tjipi? Our Big Illustrated Catalogue ot Ladies' Suits, Skirts a I\.Ejj1i Waists, Millinery, Etc , contains as fine illustrations, of the la'est snring and summer fashions; lowest wholesale prices. Write NOW while you thmk of it. Kenieniher, it is free. FIRST NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY ICASH BUYERS UNICNj 345A Casb Buyers Building, - ChicaEO Illinois. Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1873.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CAI^VERT, Bus. Mgr. A. Iv. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms." fl.OO per annum ; two years, fl.50; three years, $2.00 ; five years, $3.00, zn advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. DiscontinuancGs: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose suhsc"iption has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, ani will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time paid for by making his request when ordering. JkD^rERTISllS^G RA.TES. Column width, 2J^ inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Line Rates {Nei). 2')0 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 ]C00Hne.s(a H 2000 lines® 12 Time Discounts. 6 times 10 per cent 12 " £0 IS " 30 24 " 40 Page Rates {Nei). 1 page $10 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position. 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circxilatioii J^verage for 1903, 18.666, The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteratiou of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. D.\D.\NT, IlamiLoti, 111 , Vice-president. Geo. W. Brcdeeck, I.os Aneeles. Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. HUTCHixsoM, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKix, I- llstied excludively by women. M's Family Magazine . .50 The leading Floral Magazine of America.^ *^ above. For Vick's you may substitute Green's Frutt Grower, Farm Journal, Blooded Stock, Kansas City Btar or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Farmers' Voice free. Liberal terms to agents. VOICE PUB. CO.. 113 Voice Bldg., Chlcatro. FnVPlnnP( pnnted-to-order, only «1 per 1000: send Lll T Ciupc o, for free sample and state yotir bu8lnes& and tea n aniens of faroiert WE PARALYZE COMPETITION a>« Qfl for our full si^e PU'LLMAN «&& •OU Sleepiiis Coach, equipped with the latest improved sleeper attach- ments, automobile steel gear, iieavy rubber tires, rubher hub caps, safety brakes, etc. ffl QK for our 1UU4 PULLMAN W |gw9 Folding Uo-Cart as des- cribed in our Big Free 1904 Catalogue. l>on't buy a carriage until. vou get our latest l(«i4 FREK Catalogue: also our Great Free Book explaining how Co-op- .372 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apk. 15 $1 Standard-Bred Queen for 50g (Yihtn taking the Weekly American Bee Journal for one year at $1.00 — $t50 for the Journal and Qiueen) We are now booking orders for those Superior Standard= Bred Italian Untested Queen= Bees that we have been furnisL- ing for several years pavSt, and that Lave given such excellent satisfaction. We w^ould like to furnish one or more of them to every reader of this paper. When any bee-keeper can get such a Queen, and such a bee- paper as the Weekly American Bee Jour- nal for a year — both for only a $1.50, it would seem that no one would hesitate a moment about ordering. The Queen orders we expect to fill in rotation, in May or June — first come, first served. Better order now, and begin to read the American Bee Journal at once. If you are not acquainted with the Journal, send tor a FrEE Sample Copy, and see how good it is. If you want Queens without the Bee Journal, the prices are as follows : One Queen for $1; 2 for $1.75 ; or 6 for $4.50. Address, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., M Dearborn St., Chicago, Ili 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 373 Equalizing Colonies* Saving or helping the weak at the expense of the | jury. The possession of the knowledge contained in strone is a timely topic just now. Shall it he done? and, if so. how ? is consir'ered in the April Bee keep- er.^'Review, by Mr E. W. Alexander, of New \'oik. He describes a method thnt he uses with excellent re- sults It is very little work, and the drain upon the strong colonies is one they can bear with the le^st in- this article may me n many r'ollars to you this year. Send ten cent*; for this Issue, and the ten cents may ai>- ply on any subscription .sent in during the year. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. I. J. S-trinsHam, IMe^A/^ York, Ketps in s^ock a complete li:ie of Co'onie s of Italian bees in new hive $8.50 Three-frame nucleus colonies with Italian queen 3.75 Tested Italian queen 1.25 Untested queen 1.00 Silk-faced veil, best ma le 40 Catalog FREE Apiaries»Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom— 1 05 Park Place, N. Y. MAPLE-SUGAR MAKERS, Don't Miss a good investtnent. As horses vary in price according to quality, so do sap-spouts. The GRIMM Spout costs you nothing. The gain of one fourth more sap pays for it. It's a conservative guarantee. Purchaser assumes no ri k. Why not venture? Order what you need and return if not as represented Samples free. G. H. GRIMM. Rutland. Vt. BARNES' Hand and Foot Power Machinery. This cut represents ous combined circular saw which is made for bee- keeper's use in the con- struction of their hives sections, boxes, etc., etc Machines on Trial. Send for illustrated cata- log and prices. Address W. P. & Jno. Barnes Co., 545 Ruby St., Rockford. : lUinoli. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cut- ting, mitering, grooving, boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for working wood in any man- ner. Send for catalog A. The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co.. 44 Water St ., Seneca Fs.. N. Y, Foot and Hand Power — s — 1 ^S' -- j i _- = -=-- ^ =E k=^ ^^^^^ ^-; -^ EVERY COCK'S CROW proclaims the sifetvcf the flock if they are fenced with PAGE I>OUI/rRV FENCE. It's stronger. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Michigan. WR FENCE! SMM STRONGEST MADE. Buu Stroiii^, Chicken- Tight. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale Prices. Folly Warranted. Catalog Free. COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box 101, Wlnehester, Indiana, C. 8. A. KHGRAPEVINES 1 00 Varieties. Also Smaii Fruits, Trees, &c. Kt'-t root- ed ^tock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vir\es mailed forlOe, Descriptive price-list tree. Lewis Roesch, Fredonia, N.Y. 374 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 f > "The Apparel Oft Proclaims the Man." ~~ So it is with ^ BEE-SUPPLIES Our shipments are neatly packed into strong woven-wood and wire boxes, and are shipped with dispatch. :: :: :: :: Everything- known to the Bee-keeper. Send for our 68-page catalog. G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis. U. S. A. We are now paying 32 cents in trade, or 28 cents in cash, for bees- wax, F. o. B. Watertown. :: :: :: :: :: • DELVOTED •AND HOME,- *» •LNTEKEST»S -Tubhshedy theA'I^ooY Co. $i2iip[R\tAR. '\® "Medina- Ohio- Vol XXXII. APR. 15, 1904. No. 8 The question is asked whether queens can not be mated in greenhouses. I think it has been tried, but not successfully. Transferring is so little practiced in this country that we're hardlj up to date in it In England more of it is done, and nowadays they transfer 21 days after swarming. In cutting candied honey with a wire, I supposed a sawing motion was used, first one hand and then the other; but page 331 reads as if a sqaare pull with both hands at a time were used. How is it? [A slow square steady pull, without any seesawing. —Ed. J G. M. DoOLiTTLE tells some things that don't look very reasonable, in that article on p. 3)33. Any schoolboy can reason out that bees would do about the opposite of what he says. But, reasonable or unrea- sonable, bees in this locality do just as he says. Of the many good ai tides Doolittle has written, that's one of the best. Thkre's another man using cleats, Doolittle, p. 327, and they run full width of hive, so a rope can be used in carrying. My hives are generally carried by one man without any rope, and in that case the full cleat is away ahead of the little one. If you want comfort in carrying hives, order them with full cleats. E. E. Starkey, p. 338, thinks the venti- lated cover better than one with dead-air space. He's right — for Florida, and per- haps for Tennessee. In colder localities the dead air is better, because warmer in times of year when it is very important to preserve all the heat possible; and at the same time the dead-air space is very much cooler under a hot sun than a single board. " No severe losses are reported in Illi- nois and Iowa, ' p. 329. The losses are probably there, but not reported. [That is true. But we can get some idea of where losses are heaviest by the way reports come in. As I pointed out in our last issue, it is the lake regions that have suffered the most. Illinois has a very small strip of lake border and Iowa none. — Ed.] Editor Bassler says in Deutsche Itnker that he has had in an issuing swarm the old queen ac::ompanied by her royal daugh- ters, and he wants to know what to call such a swarm. Is it a prime swarm when it has a virgin queen, or a second swarm with the old queen? That suggests another question: When the old queen- is lost, and a swarm with a virgin issues eight days lat- er, is that a prime or an after swarm? Uncle Fritz wants to know what is meant in a Straw, page 115, where E. D. Townsend says if a few more colonies are added the result will be the same as stimu- lating and spreading brood. Suppose a man has 90 colonies, and by stimulating and spreading he can increase his crop one- ninth; if he had one-ninth more colonies — 100 in all — he would get the same amount of honey without any stimulating or spread- ing. See? Here's something from Schweiz. Bztg. that's new — at least to me: Honey is sealed with convex cappings; after about two weeks the cappings sink down to a level surface, and later still they sink down slightly hollowing; and not till then is the ripening ccmpleted. [This is rather inter- esting if true, and I believe it is. I have noticed that newly capped honey has a lit- tle different appearance from that which has stood for some time. I suggest that we make this a matter of observation this summer. — Ed] H. J. FoRST moved several colonies of bees a short distance in summer. He fas- tened them in the hive, handled them rough- ly in moving, allowing full light on the bees through glass laid on top (wouldn't wire cloth do as well?), opened them after two hours of confinement in their "light 376 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 jail," blowing- in smoke, and after a little flying about the old place the bees accepted the new situation. [Our own experience leads us to believe that Mr. Forst was mis- taken; that many more bees returned than he supposed. Our bees have to be confined at least three days of twenty- four hours each before they will stay where they are put. We have tested this thing over and over again, hundreds of times, and it is our practice to shut the entrances up tight and keep them closed for at least three days. Of course, the beginner needs to understand that a weak colony or nucleus can be so treated without danger of smothering. — Ed.] Honey consumed in a year by a colony of bees, according to careful investigations at Swiss stations, as reported by H. Kra- mer, in Schweiz. Bztg., varies greatly alt- er the following table of pounds: Minimum. Maximum. October— Jauuary 4.4 11. February— April II. 33 May— July 19.8 39 6 .\ugust— September 6.6 13.2 Total 41.8 86 8 That would be about 70 pounds as the av- erage annual consumption of a medium col- ony. 1 think Doolittle puts it at about 100, and Getaz at about 200. [This is an inter- esting set of figures. It certainly does seems much more reasonable than those given bj' Mr. Getaz, showing a consumption of 200 lb=. for one year. If a colony actu- allj' consumed that amount, and gave the bee- keeper only 50 lbs. surplus, it would look as if there were a big waste some- where. This is an important question, and it has its practical side too. Perhaps some of our experiment stations can be induced to take it up. Any further information will be gladly received.— Ed. ] According to Sch/es. -Hoist. Bztg., the bees must bring in 25,000 loads of nectar io make a pound of honey. But big loads and little loads must make that vary greatly. fPrcf. B. F. Koons, of the Agricultural College, Storrs, Ct , in 1895 conducted a se- ries of experiments, weighing not only bees but their average loads. He weight d sev- eral hundred bees, and his figures stocd about as follows: 10,000 bees could carry one pound of honey. This was the mini- mum number. But he found that more oft- en it would take 45,000 bee-loads to make a pound. His average, theref re, was 20,000 in round numbers. These figures very closely tallied with weighings made by Prof. Lazenby, of the Ohio Agricultural College, and by Prof Gillette, of the Colo- rado Experiment Station. It should be said that both made their figures without the knowledge of what the other was dring, much less what had been reported by Prof. Koons. The fact that they all so nearly agree is somewhat remarkable, and proves, if it proves any thing, that they worked with wonderful precision. — Ed.] Hans had a colony of bees. Like the ear- nest bee-keeper he was, he went frequently in winter to see how they got along. One day they were making a good d al of noise. " Must be too cold with this miserable zero spell," said Hans. So he got rags and stopped entrancj and cracks as nearly air- tight as possible, A few days later he found them quite still, "Good thing I thought to shut 'em up warm," said Hms, "Now they're sleeping well," When spring came and flowers bloomed they were still sleeping.— Bienen- looter. [While this seems like a good j jke to the practical bee- keepers, and the result is just what we should have expected, yet there is many a beginner, just like our friend Hans, who has made the same f ital m istake. We have had reports of it in our back volumes. It is perfectly natural that one should plug a hive up to keep out the cold air. He rea- sons that the houses we live in have closed doors; that churches and auditoriums de- signed to receive hundrrds and thousands of people are closed tight, and kept so for an hour or so; but he does not understand that the hive is probably hermetically seal- ed except at the entrance. — Ed.] M. D re LOS tells in Bulletin de la Meuse that he fed a weak colony and started rob- bing. Notwithstanding narrowed entrance, only night brought a respite. Next day, when excitement was at its highest, he opened the entrance wide, and when the largest number of robbers were inside he fastened them in, giving plenty of air. Aft- er a week's imprisonment he opened the en- trance. The robbers remained loyal to their new sovereign, all was lovely, and he had a strong colony, [This to me is a new kink, and I do not see any reason why it should not work exactly as here described. In referring the matter to my father he first said the same thing was mentioned in our ABC book. Although I have been over that volume dozens of times, and have re- written large portions of it, I do not recall that the same thing ever appeared in it, A careful search does not reveal it, although there are similar methods, but not the iden- tical plan here described. When I explain- ed that, he still thought it was surely de- scribed in our back volumes years ago. But it is a good point, especially for queen- rearing yards, J, F, Mclntyre described in our A B C a robber trap that involves the same princi- ple. When a colony is being robbed furi- ously he lifts the robbed hive off its stand and puts another hive just like it in its place. The entrance is provided with bee- escapes so that, when the robbers once go in they can not get out. They of c urse rush into the trap hive pell-mell; and when they are all trapped, quiet is restored. We know from experience that usually only one or two colonies are concerned in robbing, unless, perchance, there is general robbing throughout the yard and there is a general uproar. If there are not too many bees in- volved, a robber-trap will catch the whole of them, and all will be quiet. — Ed.] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 377 ?? If any of the reacers of this journal know of a friend who can make use of a bee jour- nal printed in the Lettish (Livonian) lan- guage I shall be glad to get the address. We get a journal of that kind here, called Dlesilane. We have received many new bee journals lately, and are trying to get a copy of all published. A large amount of literature has collected around the bee. That well-known bee-writer, Harry Lathrop, of Monroe, Wis., not only dips his pen in the apicultural ink-bottle but in that of the muses as well. He has just publish- ed quite a number of his poems in book form. They are descriptive of Wis onsin scenery, and of life in that region. His friends will be well repaid by sending him 50 cents for a copy of the book, as Mr. Lathrop sketch- es right frcm nature. It is finely illustrat- ed all through. The presswork is excellent. A contributor to one of our Russian ex- changes, after reading what Mr. Doolittle said in regard to combs never being too old to be of service for brood purposes, takes quite an opposite view. He found some brood comb 25 years old. The queen, in trying to laj' in this, was unable to back in far enough to put an &^^ at the bottom of the cells, and so she laid them near the sur- face, on one side. E. R. R. doubts this — thinks the queen was defective. A Russian bee-keeper took a rather novel method to ascertain which of his queens would develop the hardiest strain of bees. He put two together, when one was immedi- ately killed. The survivor was soon after- ward pitted againtst another queen, which she disoatched with neatness. Five more were tried; and as she was victorious over all rivals she was selected as the mother of a new colony. Perhaps we shall hear some time what kind of bees she produced. A writer in Bienen Zuchter introduces queens in this way; and in the multiplicity of ways some may find this a good one: When I receive a strange queen I take ad- vantage of the first fine day, and at noon I open the hive which I wish to requeen. I take therefrom a frame of brood, no matter which, covered with bees, providing the queen is not found there. I place this in a little hive which I take to the cellar. It is needless to say that I close the hive as soon as the frame is taken out. About four or five o'clock in the afternoon I give a good dose of feed to my captives in the little hive, and then, about half an hour after, when they are well gorged with honey, I smoke them lightly and place m}' new queen on the frame. I afterward close the little hive, leaving the feeder in it. The next day. when the bees are well at work, I carry my little hive to the apiary, look for the queen of the hive from which I took the frame of brood, kill her, and smoke the colony moderately. Meanwhile I take out the frame on which was found the old queen, and put the frame of my little hive in the place of that. I then close the hive and the game is played. A German exchange, Praktischer Weg- weiser, gives an interesting account of bee- leeping in Siberia. The winter lasts seven months, beginning in September and ending in May, there being no fall and spring. The snow is often ten feet deep. The prin- cipal source of honey there is basswocd, of which Siberia boasts 17 different kinds, blossoming at different times. The wood of it is used for all kinds of building pur- poses, even for making sheds for the purpose of protecting hives. Nearly all bee-keepers there are professionals, and they select in the forest, far from any town, a convenient place for winter quarters. The hives are nenrly all American pattern, set around on four posts, provided with covers, and sep- arated frcm each other in such a manner as to afford easy manipulation. The colonies are strong, about 15 lbs. each, only such being kept. Swarms or seconds are united to the number of five or seven, after having taken away their queens and drones. These are kept in a cellar for four or five days, otherwise they are apt to desert. To catch runaway swarms, hundreds of common hives are suspended on the trees. The bees do not go out between 11 o'clock and some time in the afternoon, on account of the oppres- sive heat. A good hive will furnish about 100 lbs. of honey which sells for about 25 cents per kilogram of 2 lbs. 3 ounces. There are some apiaries in Siberia that certainly have over 1000 hives each. BEGINNING IN BEE-KEEPING. "Is this Mr. Doolittle, the bee-man?" "That is what some people call me." "My name is Jackson; and I was told that, if I would come and see you, you would tell me how best to begin bee-keep- ing. I have read an old bee-book by a man named Quinby, and I have become nearly crazy over bees — at least, my wife puts it in that way." 378 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 "Quinby was a good writer on bees, and I sometimes think that his 'Mysteries of Bee keeping- Explained' was about as good a book, from the practical side of the mat- ter, as Wcis ever written." "Then you have the book?" "Yes. That was the book that taua^ht me my first lessons 35 y« ars ago, and I studied the matter the book contained until I had it by heart like a nursery rh.\ me. How much did you think of investing in bees?" "I told my wife that I thought I could spare $250 for that purpose. But she rath- er objects. Do you think that would be enough?" "I put in only $35. and I would not con- sider it gocd policy for the one who knows nothing experimentally about bees to put in more than $4U to $50 in starting, including bees, hives, books, papers, and all " "Well, I do not think m/ wife would see anything large in that; but that wou.d not buj many colonies." "No; neither do you wish to buy many colonies. If you do not buy m>re than frcm two to four colonies (and the latter should be the limit, in my opinion, for the one who has had no experience in the business) , $50 will cover all necessary expenses." "How about the hives?' "If you are a good workman, and have the necessary tools, it mi^ht be well for yon to get a sample to work from, and then make your own. You may not get them quite so smooth and nice to look at as those you would buy, but for all practical pur- poses in honey-production they will help you to just as many dollars and cents as would those with an extra-nice finish. I would not, however, advise you to try to get out your own sections." "Why not these as well as the hives?" "It is doubtful whether any one, no mT.t- ter how good a workman, can get out sec- lions by band that will in any way compare with those now on the market, nor that would be suitable to sell to consumers; but in making the rest of what you will need, you will not only be self supporting, but this part of it will put into you an enihusi- asm which will tend much toward success." "How would it do to get a foot power saw and make the sections that way?" "It would not pay you. When I first be- gan bee-keeping I was charged $25 a thou- sand for sections in the flat; and as I thought that a high figure I purchased ma- chinery and manufactured sections for sale. The price sonn went down to $20, then to $15, then to $10, then to $8, then to $6. at which time I said, 'others can have the trade; it will pay me better to work at something else.' But I had the machinery, and so continued to get out my own till the price fell to $3 50, when I concluded that I could not afford to run my own machinery, after paying the price for the lumber which I had to at retail, if I had any respect for the worth of my time and the use of the ma- chinery. ' ' ''What! sections as cheap as that?" "Yes; and they went still lower, so that any one by buying in 0,000 lots could pro- cure them at $3 00 per thousand. But since then they have advanced somewhat, owing to the scarcity of lumber; but even now you can purchase the mitt rial for 1000 sections for less than the cost was when I quit manu- facturing them for sale; and, what is mire, the sections which we used to pay $25 a thousand for would in no way compare with the sections which I paid the A. I. Root Company $3 00 a thousand for a few years ago. In no other one thing has there been a greater improvement aloig the bee- keeping line than in sections since they irst Crime into existence. Those $25 sections we e simply sawed out, and the sawing done was of a rough order. Now the Root sections are all sandpapered till they are polished almost as smooth as glass and as true as a die." '"What hive would you start with?" "That is quite a question. It is well that ycu make sure that you start with a really good hive. There are several of these before the public; but should you choose the Langstroth hive, you will make no mistake; for with cellar win ering, here at the North, there is probably nothing better." "But you think it might be well to invest more largely than the |50 after a year or so, do you not?" ''Not unless the bees earn it for you. Make your bees and yourself self sustain- ing; and after the first start do not pay out more than what the bees bring ytu in, al- ways remembering that, if you can not make your four colonies pay, you can not make 400 or 4000; then if you should happen to make a failure of the business you will have the consolation of knowing that you have lost but frcm $40 to $50, instead of $250 to $400, or perhaps as many thousand, as some have done. There seem* to be a prone- ness to go into the bee business recklessly, ofttimes. " "I suopose it is on account of the bee- fever. My wife tells me I ha\e it bad; and had I not come to see you I probabh should have put as much as $200 into it. How about the work part to ii? I am told that there is very little to be d ne. " "The day is past with most people in be- lieving the old adage that bees work for nothing and board themselves, and I do not think you believe so. If any person thinks he will realize a large income from his bees, and never look after their condition further than hiving swarms and putting on sections he will find he is making a mistake. Men do not treat their other stock that way, but care for it regularly, and the bees need care, just when they do need it, just as much as any thing else." " What are some of the needs of the bees?" "See your bees often, is a good thing to paste in your hat, so that you may know that they are suffering for nothing. While they are in the cellar, keep the temperature 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 379 of that cellar between 43 to 50 degrrees above zero, if it is possible to do so. Then do not let the dead bees accumulate on the floor and mold there, thus makings the air untit for an\' animil life. And if you have any outdoors, and the mercury rises to 45 to 50 degrees in the shade, with the sun shining- brightl_v, and the atmosphere still, let them have a cleansing flight, no matter if the ground is covered with snow. Bees can get off the snow just as well as from any other place if the tiir and temperature are right. See that the colonies have sufficient stores for winter in early fall, so there is no dan- ger from their starving; and if to be vvin- ered out, pack them and fix for winter while the weather is still mild. Put on your sec- tions and take them ofi at the right time, and always crate your honey before you sell it, as this will give it a much nicer ap- pearance. Oh! there is so much to do that, were I to tell you all at once, you would be discouraged and forget half I tell you." "Well, but how am I to learn?" "When you get your bees, take your Quinby bcok and go right out with the bees and put it in practice, and also whatever you read 'n the bee- pa per ycu take, if it seems good to you; that is what you want to prove by the bees. In short, 'live with them' till you get these things learned (what you read) or proven, and that will give 30U the education you need. But I must leave now, as I have an appointment to meet." 1 ^^^fe* gS^BI^jH ^g^^;/2cfr THE WOULD-BE INVENTORS OF BREDOM. In the American Bee Journal for Feb. 11 appears an editorial with the above head- ing. As the experience of the editor of that jjurnal is almost exactly the same as ours, I reproduce here the first paragraph: A leading writer of ?acred wiil once sa d. "Of the making of books there is no end." Almost the s-ame thing can be said of the making of new hivts It is getting to be almost a fid in Ihe-e < ays for certain b e-keepers to have a hive of their own. Of course, each new hive gotten up (by themi is far supeiior to anj other, no matter whether it is half so grod as some that hive been thoroughly tried by the majority ol bte keepers! The strange part of itall is that the would be invtrntois of ihtse new fads in hives are so queer as to think that heepipers ought to devote half of their space to pushing the s=ile of thtse n-w ci< a- tions. Yes, certain of them have gone so far as to or- der their bee papeis discontinued because the editois did not see ii tht ir duty to insist upon the bee-kf eping public using their new hivts. No doubt the discon- tinuers thought they would kill the bee papers if they stopped subscribing for them. Rut they might be sur- piised if thty knew the papers //^r^' discontinued were iiaving more readers all the time A short time ago one of our customers as much as told us that a certain hive was very much better than any thing else on the market, and that it would eventually run every thing else out of the countr3'. He went on to say that the leaders, indicating the editors and suppl\ -manufacturers, did not want to recognize its merits. For these and other reasons he withdrew his patron- age from our journal, supposing that that act of his would bring us to our senses. Queer world, this! or, rather, there are some queer people in it. BEE-PARALYSIS HEREDITARY; SULPHUR CURE A SUCChSS. Mr. O. O. Poppleton, of Stuart, Fla., who gave to the bee keeping world the first successful method of curing bee-paralysis by means of powdered sulpnur, has proba- bly had as good an opportunity for study- ing this peculiar disease, which had hith- erto baffled all fftorts at cure, as any other man in the United States. In the March issue of the American Bee-keeper he con- firms an opinion that has been expressed manjf a time, that bee paralysis is heredi- tary, or, rather, he goes on to state that the "disease seems to be much more prevalent in certain str tins or fimilies of bees. At least four times in the last ten \ears I have had to destroy utterly certain queens and all their daughters, nearly all cases in my apiary being confined to these particular bees. Certain queens seem to transmit the germs of the distase through queen daugh- ters to their progeny." He observes, further, that "colonies which have had the disease one season, but recov- ered without treatment of any kind, are much more liable to hnve the disease next season." And, again, " It is the old bees, the field workers, that die." It may be interesting to mention at this time that others have followed Mr. Popple- ton's method of treatment with entire suc- cess, which is nothing more nor less than sprinkling the infected combs with pow- dered sulphur, then repeating the treat- ment a week or so later, and again if nec- essary. A DAMAGE BEE- SUIT IN WHICH THE N. B. K. A. COMES OUT VICTORIOUS. In our issue for Nov 1, 1^03, page 916, we gave the details of a peculiar ( not to say ri- diculous) suit in which a member of the Na- tional Ais-^^ ciaticn, Mr. J. W. Pierson, also Secretary of the New York State A&scciation of Bt e-keepers' Societies, was made the de- fendant in a case in which it was alleged that a horse belonging to the plaintiff was stung by the defendant's bees. It is said that the plaintiff would have never begun the action but for a ctrtain attorney, and there are plenty of tliem ready to appeal to prejudice. Some ver} queer statements were made in the petition. The plaintiff (or, rather, his attorney) averred that his horse was in the clover- field pasturing; that the bees were working heavily on the clover ; that subsequently the horse was found fast in a barbed-wire fence, its nose 380 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 and lips swollen, and that "it had cr?zy spells." A veterinary was called, and he at first called it a case of lockjaw; but, possibly after he had been "posted" by the aforesaid attorney, he reversed the opin- ion, and caUed it a case of bee-sting poi- son. Other veterinaries were called by Mr. Pierson, but they did not agree that the sjmptoms indicated stinging. Among other foolish assertions, the petition set forth that the defendant well knew that the bees were "ferocious by nature;"' "li- able to sting animals and mankind;" that he had no right to keep them, and that he should have kept them in their hives, etc. Well, how the Association and Mr. Pierson came out victorious is explained in the fol- lowing, just received from Mr. Pierson him- self: The plaintiff Frank Lockwood, a resident of Cayuga Co., N Y., sued the defendant, J W Pier.'ion. a neigh- boring beekeeptr and niembtr of the National Bee- keepers' Association, in justice' court, for the value of a horse vn hich, he alleged. " was slung and so injured bv the defciiilanfs bees, on or about the '20th of June, 190:^. that she died." I^sue was joined and the de- fense, aided by tlie N B K. A... successfully defended the case The plaintiff Lockwood, after one trial in justice's court a-ktd for a discontinuance, which was gramed upon his payment of such costs as were legal- ly chargeable to him. ANOTHER VICTORY FOR THE ASSOCIATION. Just as we go to press the following has ccme to hand: MiLLSBORO, Del., April 13. '04. Gentlfmen:— The ^uit of Wimbrow Bros against Francis Uij den. bee-keeper, for the loss of a pair of mules slung to death suniHiei before last was decided in court yesterday by non-suit. He. Dryden, had not been notified ly town boaid to rt move them was his delense. and'the team was driven into a field and left standing within a few feet of them. G. I,. Ellis. POSSIBILITIES OF BEE-KEEPING IN TEXAS, THAT PARADISE FOR BEES. Our readers will remember that, some time ago, after visiting Uvalde Co., Texas, I referred to it as being a paradise for bee- keepers. At the time some questioned the statement, thinking I had overdrawn it. In " Ten Texas Topics " is an article by Mr. Udo Toepperwein, in which he quotes from one of the prominent honey-producers of his State. From two paragraphs of it I make the following extract: Uvalde is now shipping honey by the train-load, and the bee keepers there, as well as in a number of neigh- boring counties, are actually getting rich at the busi- ness. It will not be many years before all the hollow trees are cut, the caves robbed, and the bees put into up-to date hives ; and then we mav expect the produc- ing of honey to be one of our chief indusiries. It may surprise sorfie to know that even now there are bee- keepers in Texas who own over a thousand colonies of bees. Within a few years such a number will not be an unusual thing. As those who are informed know, according to the last census Texas is the leading State in the produc- tion of honey and the value of apiarian products In 1899 there whs produced in Texas 4 780.264 pounds of honey and 169,690 pounds of beeswax, valued at $468,- 527 60. We produce nearly a million pounds mo e of honey than any other State; and beekeepers from other .sections, who are aware of our advantages, are locating every year in our midst. In neirlv every portion of Texas beekeeping piys; but it finds its b St place in South and Southwest Texas, where the flora IS so extensive and so well adapted to the produc- tion of honey. Texas has never known an entire fail- ure in the honey crop, which is something that can not be said of any other State. For these reasons I believe South and Southwest Texas to be the best bee country in the wor'd, and a section in which entire conndence can be placed in the pioduction of a honey crop every year, thi s making it a staple and certaii source of lev- enue to those engaged in it As jet there are millions of acr' s in this section where no oee has ever yet made its appearance, and the opportunities and prospects for development are unlimited. So far as I am acquainted with the field referred to, the statements made are not far from the truth. One of my Texas friends says it is literally true — every word of it. Uvalde Co. has now all the bee-keeptrs and bees it can support. But there are oth- er counties, sparsely settled, that have con- ditions very similar to those afforded by Uvalde, and these would support bees and beekeepers. The only question that re- mains is whether the tenderfoot would care to leave home and friends and go into a sparsely settled field that seems almost like a desert, even though it may be a paradise for bees. The scrubby plants or trees of the catclaw, mesquite, and guajilla do not look as if they would yield an}' honey; but the fact that Uvalde Co. is shipping out honey by the train-load is significant. WINTER LOSSES UP TO DATE. Winter losses throughout the northern portion of the country are about the same as reported in our last. Michigan and New York, as before, lead off with the heaviest mortalities. Reports are beginning to come in from Canada, showing losses both in On- tario and Quebec — much heavier than usu- al. Some of the States along the Atlantic coast are reporting anywhere from 30 to 90 per cent of the bees dead. The losses still seem to be confined mainly to bees wintered outdoors, and to those bee-keepers who have had a short experience. THE OHIO FOUL-BROOD BILL. The Herrick foul-brood bill, as amended, passed the Ohio Senate U st Tuesday, April 12. It was discovered, while in the Senate committee, as it came from the House, that there was one little feature in it that was unconstitutional. This was amended, and was then passed by the Senate, and now goes back to the House for concurrence, where it will undoubtedly pass. A. I. Root was present in the Senate when the bill came up for consideration. One Senator seemed to think it was a piece of class legislation that would benefit only a very few bee keepers, and endeavored to convey the impression that it should give place to more important measures that were up for consideration. Another Senator, and he was backed by many others, said he had received more letters and telegrams concerning this bill than he had for any other measure that was up for considera- tion in the Senate, and he made a strong plea for the bill. This only goes to show that Gleanings readers carried out my re- quest* to write to their Senators in a way that made '\\.%&\i felt tremendously. Further announcements will be given later. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 381 SULPHURIC ACID CAN NOT BK ELIMINATED FROM COMMERCIAL GLUCOSE OR THE SO- CALLKD CORN SYRUP, SAID TO BE " BETTER THAN HONEY." In our last issue reference was made to the statement, now going^ the rounds of the press, that John D. Rockefeller would give half a million of d. liars for a process by which all the sulphuric acid could be re- moved from corn sjrup or glucose. At the National Bee-keepers' convention which met in Chicago in August, 1900, a paper was read by Mr. Thos. W. Cowan, editor of the British Bee Journal, one of the leading sci- entists in all beedom, on the general sub- ject of the chemistr}' of honey and how to detect its adulterati >n. From this paper I make two or three extracts that go to show why Mr. Rockefeller makes his offer so very large. The following are the extracts: starch or corn s> rup, known commercially as glu- cose, differs iu almost every lespecl from tiouey. It ihrowsilown abundant precipilaus with lead and ba- rium solutions, and often wiih alcohol. It dots not ferment completely, but leaves about one-fifth ot its \ve:ght as uiifermentable gummy residue, and exani- iiitd by the polariscope, it turns the ray of light pow- ei fully lo the right. Glucose IS prepared on a large ?cale from corn sta.ch. The iranslo mation isu-ually etiecttd by boil- ing with dilute sulphuric acid. The excels of acid is removed l>y treating the solutions with chalk, and fil- tering The filtered so iitions are evaporated to a syr- upy consis ency, and sent imo the market under the name.'' of k1 'Cose, earn syrup; or to dryness, the solid product being known iu commerce as grape sugar. II ill the trcHiment of starch wi h sulphuric acid the transformation is not complete (and this is usuallly the case;, the product i.s a mixture of dextrose, maltose, and I extriiie. It is generally quite easy tj recognize the acid whi.h has been used to couveit starch into glucose. In the laboratory it is quite possible to make pure glucose, and remove every trace of acid ; but commercially it is practically impossible by subse- quent pr. cipi ation ol the product lo get rid of this acid, and, as a coiLseqiience, it appears in the honey which is adulterated with it ; and uy andiug to a clear solution of honey coutaming such glucose a solution of barium chloride a white tuibidilyat once makes its appearance, varsing in density witn the quality ol the coin syrup present aud the state of its purity. Note that Mr. Cowan says that, " in the treatment of starch with sulphuric acid, the transformation is not complete; . . that it is generally quite easy to recognize the acid which has been used to convert starch into glucose." And, again, " In the labo- ratory it is quite possible to make pure glucose, and remove every trace of acid; but commercially it is practically impossi- ble.^^ Italics are mine. Thousands of dol- lars have been expended in the attempt to remove every trace of the acid from the commercial product, but so far without suc- cess. Note again that Mr. Cowan, despite the statement of the venders of these cheap corn syrups, to the effect that they can not be distinguished from honey, says: " Corn syrup, known commercially as glucose, differs in almost every respect from honey " — italics mine again. Yet I suppose there will be millions of copies of aavertisements in all the leading papers, that will tell you a certain brand of corn sjrup " is honey," and "is better than honey" — two state- ments that are somewhat contradictory to say the least. How can any thing be bet- ter than itself? The seconel quotation is a plain acknowledgment that the stuff is not honey. It will not be long before the public will learn this brassy taste, and will associate it with sulphuric acid that is found to do damage to the stomachs of the ignorant and unsuspecting, to say nothing of the innocent children who are given the stuff because it is ''cheaper than honey." Verily, has it come to pass that the "almighty dollar" must coine between us and our children? //"Mr. Rockefeller is offering half a mil- lion dollars for a process by which he can eliminate the sulphuric acid frtm his corn syrup, we hope the papers of the country will herald the fact from New York to San Francisco, and from New Orleans to Port- land. Let the dear people understand just what they are getting; then if they buy it with a full knowledge of what is in the stuff they will have no one to blame but themselves if they have " disordered stom- achs." But methinks they have too much respect for their health. A wise man says 3'ou can fool a part of the people all the time, but not all the people all the time. We do not need to worry ab ait those big flaming advertis' ments of corn syrups "bet- ter than honey." The people will not be fooled long-. KEEP MORE BEES — IS THE ADVICE GOOD? In the American Bee Journal for March 31 appears an article from our friend G. M. Doolittle on this subject. Among other things he says: Not long ago I saw a statement in print from quite a nott d bee k eper. that it look 200 lbs. of honey to car- ry a colony ot btes through a single >ear. This is a greater consumption of stores than I had believed pos- sible. My estimate has been that 100 lbs. is sufficient for all the needs of any single colony during a year, and so to be on the conservative side I will call my es- timate, or half of what the wi iler gave, as ihe amount needed to keep one culouy ol bees one ytar, as the right amount. Then the queslion which Cumes to us is this Which is the cheaper, a little extia manipula- tion, or the extra colonies, hives, etc., and the honey that tl ey c nsume? Suppose that 100 colonies produce an average yield of 50 pounds each of .-urplus hont y for iheir keeper, and by so doing secure all the neclar in a given field, year by year This will make 5000 pounds of sm plus as the apiaiist's share of the field, while each of the 100 colonies will use JOO pounds each, or 10.000 pounds as a whole, as their share lo iarr> them through Ihe year. Thus we fail to secuie to oursehes only a one- third share of the honey irom our field, by employing an extra number of colonies On ihe other hand, if w e employ the management or economy plan, which many of our best tarmeis do, and the plan adopted almost univeisally by our Eng- lish friends— thrtt.of securing the same amount of prod- uce off of one acre of land that i any of our Americans do from thiee or four acres — we snail fii d our question stated thus: 15 000 pounds is the product of our field; 50 colonies are all that are needed with good manage- ment to s cure this whole yield. Then ."(O colonies must use 5000 pc unds of this for their support, thus leaving 10 (K)0 pounds for the manager. Ntne but the most prejudiced can help ^eeing from this that the manager gels 5000 pounds of honey for his manipula- tion and uses little if any more lime than he would use on the hO without manipulation: hence from the standpoint of overstocking a field, the management plan is 6000 pounds ahead of the oiher plan of keeping an extia number of colonies, and proves that Mr. Townsend's doctrine is not correct. 382 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. is If I mistake not, Mr. Hutchinson, of the Review, has been a most strenuous advo- cate of keeping' " more bees;" but so far as I have read his editorials he does not ad- vise that in doing- so a locality should be overcrowded to the extent that the average per colony should be cut down, but that the additional bees should be scattered in various outyards, each having no more col- onies than the locality will support. On the other hand, there is just a little danger that seme of our friends may go too deeply into bee-keeping, and it is perhaps wise to call a halt ere some wade into water be- yond their depth. Many a person can han- dle a few chickens, and get good results; but when he runs the number up into the hundreds he meets with failure and disas- ter. Some of our friends have done remark- ably well with a few colonies; but when they have attempted to double or treble the number they entered into a business propo- sition that proved to be rather too much for them. Many years ago a neighbor of ours clear- ed a thousand dollars from one acre of on- ions. It made him wild. He bought ten more acres of the same kind of onion land, going into debt for it, and expected to clear the following year $10,000. When he man- aged the one acre he did all the work him- self. When he worked the ten acres he had to hire help. The help was inccmpe- tent, or did not understand. Onions fell in price; and at the final roundup that year he had a great stojk of poor onions without a buyer. They rotted. He became dis- couraged, and lost lost all he had, and more too. Now, while I indorse Mr. Hutchinson's advice to "keep more bees," I have been fearful that a good many, on account of a lack of experience or lack of business abil- ity, not understanding their own limitations and those of their localities, would plunge in too deeplj^ and meet with disaster. There are, undoubtedly, some people who can keep more bees by scattering them in outyards, and if they have the requisite training and business ability they would make moie money. But where we find one person who can manage iOO colonies or more successfully, there will be dozens of others who can not go much beyond the 200 or 300 mark. The same rule applies to any busi- ness. But if I understand Mr. Hutchinson he does not advise that every one should keep more bees. He would be unwise if he did. Now let us look at the other side of the question — the side of expansion. Perhaps here is a bee-keeper who has 300 colonies. During the busy season he is comfortably busy. But during six months in the year his time is not very profitably employed — a distinct loss; for it will take him onlj' a short time, comparatively, to get his supers ready for the next season, nail his hives, repaint them, or do other preliminary work that can easily be done indoors, and yet his interest, or his rent and his living ex- penses are going right on. Suppose, for example, that this bee-keeper has bOO colo- nies, or 1000; that he has good business ability; that he has plenty of bee- range. Suppose he scatters this number in 15 dif- ferent yards, none further than 15 miles from his home, and a good part of them not over four or five miles away. In the busy season he will, of course, have to employ help. If he has the right kind of executive ability he will see that that help is profit- ably employed. When the rush of work is over he can look after the marketing of the crop, put the bees into winter quarters, perhaps doing the work himself with the occasional help of one man and a team. In cold weacher he can devote all of his time profitably to preparing for the next season. Now, while he is operating 1000 colonies it costs him no more to live; the same horse and wagon that will carry him to two or three hundred will carry him t3 the other seven or eight hundred. If he is running for extracted honey, the same extractor, un- capping knives, and smokers, can be used at each yard. He is thus enabled to put his invested capital where it will be earn- ing money for him all the ti>ne in the busy season instead of eating up interest part of the time. We will suppose that some of his swarms get away from him; we will also suppose that some of the work is not done as well as when he had only 300 colonies; but he has increased his honey crop by three times, poisibly, and has increased his actual operating expenses only to the extent of the help that he has to pay for, extra hives, and sugar to feed. A couple of men and a boy three months in the year — the man at $2.00 and a boy at $1 00 per day would make this expense $450. To this we will aid $50 00 f .r extra team hire. The cost of the extra 700 co.onies with hives and supers divided by ten (assuming that they would last ten years) wcu d be $250 more, or $7iO. But we must add $250 more lor su- gar for feeding, and $250 for sections, foun- dation, and shipping cases, making $1250 as the total added expense for the 700 extra colonies. Say he is produ:ing comb honty, and that he can average 3>S lbs. per colony. If this nets him lOcts. he would get from 300 colonies $1050. If he has 1000 colonies his gross income will be $350o by adding only $1150 to his general expenses. This is a suppjsable and a possible case. The most that 1 would show is that the op- erating and overhead expense will not be proportionately increased if the number of colonies be doubled or trebled — all on the assumption, of course, that our bee keeping friend has the necessary skill and business ability. In deciding the question whether we our- selves should keep more bees, we should go very cautiously; not increase the number all at once, but a little at a time, making the bees pay their way. Generally speak- ing, it would be the biggest piece of folly for one to borrow the money and treble his equipment of bees and hives in one season. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 383 THE COMPOUND EYES OF THE BEE. A Scientific Examination of tliis Wonderful and Complicated Organ. BY E. F. PHILLIPS. An examination of the large compound eyes of a bee will show that the (ulside is made up of hexag-onal areas, thousands in number. Each of these hexagons is the out- side of one of the elements of which the o mpound eye is composed; and, since they are all constructed alike, a de- scription of one will serve for all. Each of these elements is called an ommatidium. If, then, we take a section through one of the compound eyes parallel with the top of the head of the bee we shall get some of these cut length- wise, and these show best the structure, although it is also necessary to cut other sections at right angles to this plane in order to get the shape of seme of the parts. The figures which accompany this will show the ommatidium cut lengthwise, and at the side smaller figures showing a sec- tion at right angles at the points indicated by the dotted lines. Ano'her figure shows an ommatidium from a sealed larva, or, more properly called, the pupa stage, since the word larva should be applied only to the unsealed brood. The outside por ion, already mentioned, is the lens layer, a, and is composed of chitin, as is all the rest of the outside covering of the bee The secion shows this as cut, so that only two sides cf the hexagon are shown. while the smaller figure shows the hexagonal shape. This lens layer is secreted b3 the two small cells, b, which show much more clearly in the pupa stage before the chitin is formed, since they keep getting smaller and smaller as the bee grows, until they finally remain only as very small remnants. The next lower structure is the crystalline cone, c, which is composed of four cells, of which only two show in the long section. In the pupa stage the boundaries are much clearer, and the nuclei larger than they are in the adult eye. This cone is clear, and, like the lens abcve it, gathers in the light raj's so that they can act on the nerves below just as the lens in the human eye gathers together rays of light so they can afF- ct the nerves behind it. Directly in line with the cone is a long rodlike structure which runs clear to the bottom of the ommatidium, called the " rhab- dcme, " d. This probably con- tains the ending of the nerves which are sensitive to light. Around the rhabdome are eight retina cells, e, which have poured out a secretion while in the pupa state to form the rhabdome. In Fig. 2 the rhabdcme is shown as only partly formed, and the ret- ina cells come together below it. Around the cone and retina cells there are pigment cells that keep the light ifrom passing from one ommatidium to ihe other, and thus making a confused image, just as the inside of a camera is painted black to avoid reflec- tions. In the human eye we also find pigment, which is located just behind the nerve-endings, and answers the same purpose. ^C>:> j»(jnr\J •j»'\^l I Fig. 1.— Ommatidium from an adult eye Fro. 2.— Ommatidium from eye of of the bee ; a, lens ; b, lens secretiag cells ; puiia of bee. Letters same as Fig. 1.1c, cnne;d. rhabdome; e, retina cells;!, Scale about twice as large as Fig. l.| bottom layer cells. 384 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apk. 15 There are two kinds of these pigment- cells. The ones at the base of the cone, pigm. 1, are two in number, and do not ex- tend below the base of the cone. The other pigment-cells, pigm. 2, extend from the lens to the base of the ommatidium, and are twelve in number. The pigment in these cells is located principally at the outer portion of the eye; and the retina cells also contain pigment, thus making a complete sheath of pigment around the nerve and nerve-endings in the miHdle. The nerve-lines of the eye extend down along the eight retina cells, and at the bottom come together, and the united nerve extends toward the brain. These eight nerves are shown in the cross-section as dots, and are omitted in the longitudinal section, since I did not wish to make the figure too confusing by putting in too many parallel lines. The small triangular cells, /, which have projections from them, are not nerves, but form the bottom layer of the eye. I wish to explain here that the small drawings at the side of Fig. 1 are cross- sections of the ommatidium at points indi- cated by the dotted lines. I have given here briefly the structure of the eye, avoiding as far as possible the use of technical terms, and hope that the read- ers of Gleanings will be able to get an idea of what a compound ej'e really is. The technical terms of bee-keeping are Greek to an outsider, and the same is true for any other line of work; but I have, as far as possible, explained the terms used. Grenacher was the first to work out this structure; and in "The Honej^-bee," by Cowan, will be found a figure from his work, with a description. He does not, how- ever, give the entire structure, and there are certain errors in his work which the advance in the methods of work makes it possible to avoid now. I would not attempt to detract from the value of the work of this great zoologist, for his work will always stand as a marvelous advance in science; but zoological methods have been improved recently to such an extent that it is now possible to obtain more accurate results. Mj' apology for taking up rocm in Glkan- INGS with material which is of no use from a practical standpoint is that I feel that, the more a bee-keeper knows about the bee, the better he is. A man who cares simply for the amount of honey he gets and the dollars which come from its sale, may be a fine bee-keeper, but surely he misses a gre it many of the good things of life by limiting his range of vision in this way. In all the group of insects there is none of more inter- est than the honey-bee; and narrow indeed is the man who can work with them day by day and not have a desire to know more of them. Philadelphia, Pa. [The article above will be followed by another one in our next issue, by the same writer, on the relative size of drones and workers. — Ed.] BEE MATTER. Screening the Wheat from the Chaff ; Sheep in Bee Yards ; Shaking for Foul Brood. BY CHARLKS B. ACHARD. On page 22 Mr. Louis F. Wahl asks for some method of keeping track of the good things in the bee- journals so we don't for- get. I would refer him to Gleanings, page 49, 1903, where Mr. Doolittle gives his plan for " separating the wheat from the chaff." After reading Mr. Doolittle's suggestions I thought out a little different plan for my own use. I got a plain " Macey " card- index box, also one set of alphabet index- cards, and about a hundred blank cards. Whenever I come across any thing in a bee- journal that I think I might wish to refer to afterward I mark the article, or part of it, with pencil. About once a month I look the papers over and note the subject, name^ page, and volume of the bee journal on the card, allowing a separate card for each subject. For example: IVinferin^, requirements for successful — J^ev., 102, i903. Wintering, ventilation — Rev., 114, 1903. Queens, introducing — GL, 376, 545, 1903. Oueens, introducing, shower-bath meth- od—6^/., 185, 1903. In this way, if I wish to look up any val- uable suggestion it takes but a few seconds to fiud what I want. Perhaps you may think I would soon have hundreds of cards filled; but I find that, daring the whole of last year, I used but a few over 100 cards, and they are, most of them, not half full, as I can put ten to twelve items under a given subjict on one card. I take four papers — the American Bee-keeper, American Bee Journal, Review, and Gleanings, and I think the average bee keeper takes no more than that. On p. 31 Mr. C. J. Pearse would like to know about keeping sheep in an apiary, to keep down the grass. I tried a sheep in my apiary last season. Although I had a few dwarf fruit-trees planted among the hives, I thought if the lamb had plenty of grass it would not eat the foliage of the trees; but it did, nevertheless. One thing I would warn friend Pearse of: Let him be sure that the sheep are not bothered with lice or ticks. They find the corners of the hives an excellent place to relieve that itchy feeling, as I found out to my sorrow. I wonder if there are any readers of Glean- ings who have tried sheep for keeping down the grass. Last summer I had a little experience in fighting foul brood, and learned a lesson or two. Most instructors advise us to shake the bees on foundation in the evening, just before dusk. I did so. No sooner was the sun below the horizon than I commenced to shake the bees in the usual manner. But, oh my I how thej' went for me! Instead of running into the hive after being shaken in front of the entrance, thej' flew up into the air and attacked me from all sides. I re- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 38S ceived at least a dozen stings in different parts of mj' body. I used only a moderate amount of smoke. Next evening- I began about 20 minutes earlier. Every thing went well until the sun had sunk beneath the horizon, when the "fun" started all over again. Here- after I shall shake no more bees after sun- down— lesson number one. The next thing the books and wise men say is, starve the bees three or four days. As I could not let the bees starve unless I confined them in the hive, I put a strip of wire cloth across the one-inch entrance, and raised the cover about an eighth of an inch, and also shaded the hive besides; but in spite of that, about a pint of bees perished in each hive treated — either starv- ed to death or suffocated, or both. Now I know it would have been the proper thing to put the bees into the cellar or some other dark cool place— lesson number two. Last year was my second season, and so I am but a beginner in the bee business. I ended the season with eleven colonies, five of which I am wintering outdoors with a deep telescope cover for protection (I am using the Danzenbaker hive with an empty super underneath thebrood-chamber) . They seem to be doing well, although they have not had a chance to iiy since Thanksgiv- ing. So far, this winter has been severe. Roselle, III., Jan. 8, 1904. [Sheep can be used for keeping bees down in a bee-yard, but there should be no foliage or low shrubbery which it is desired to preserve, for them to get at. A sheep will eat almost any thing green. He likes variety, and will nibble at choice shrub- berj', especially grapevines. In some yards sheep are used to very good advantage for keeping down grass. You need have no trouble about shaking after sundown, providing you use proper precaution. While bees are apt to be more nervous toward the cool of the evening, yet they can usually be made verj' tractable by blowing smoke in at the entrance and over t the frames. After the first frame is pulled out, they can usually be handled without trouble. If thev are very "touchy," blow a breath of smoke on each side cf the frame before shaking. In the case of strong colonies it is a little risky to close the entrance up with wire cloth if the weather is at all warm. In hot weather, bees are quite inclined to cluster out at night; and a closed entrance is liable to result in suffocating many bees. — Ed.] UEENS MATING TWICE. / Some Interesting Data on the Question. BY PROF. FKANK BENTON. In my note-book for 1886 there are some interesting memoranda which I made that summer in the island of Cyprus, and which up to this time have never been published in their entirety. But since Mr. Phillips has brought up, in his interesting article on "Fertilization," on p. 285, March 15, the question as to <)ueens mating more than once, I will call attention to a presentation of this subject which I made in 1894 before the Entomological Society of Washington, an epitome of which may be found in their published Proceediv^s, Vol. III., No. 3, p. 169, issued March 28, 1895. Incidentally I might mention that on p. 19 of my "Manual of Apiculture " (Bulletin No. 1, new series, Division of Entomology), I said, when treat- ing of the queen of Apis mellifera: " Ordi- narily she mates but once." This was first published in 1895. and I quite expected that some critic would call me to account for it — perhaps even sharply. Yet three editions of this work have been published by the U. S. Department of Agriculture — 24,000 cop- ies all together — besides the editions of the Japanese and Russian translations, as well as portions that were translated into Span- ish, French, etc., and, so far as I am aware, no person has taken exception to this state- ment regarding the queen. I was ready at any time to back it up by a statement of the facts contained hereinafter. The following is the reference to my pa- per which was made in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, and also the discussion which followed: In a paper entitled " Observation'! on the Mating of Queens of Apis niellifica." Mr. Frank Benton alluded to the great inlerot which ancient natuiali-ts mani- fested in regard to reproduction among liees and the mystery surrounding the subject, and cited the views of Swammerr'am, De Braw, Rfeiunmr, Huber. and oth- er noted invf sligMtors of bee life during the past cen- tury. He described experiments made by kfeaumur and Huber to secure artificial fertilization of queens. This was followed by a brief statement of the facts as nowkno%vn regarding 'he fl'ghtsHnd matingof queens of various races of Apis melljica, especial mention be- ing made of the view univer ally accepted at this time that the queen mates but once du ing her life. In proof of the error of thi* view, Mr. Benton quoted from his no e book for 1^S8 the records, unpublished as yet cf two queens bred by him in Cyprus which he had wa'ched closely, and which mated the .'econd time : and he also cited a record published in Deutsche illustrierte Bienenzeitung for Angus , 18^'8, by K. Be- fort, wherein it was sta ed that a certain quten had mated twice, the second time two days after the first. Mr Benton believed these three observations were made with sufficient accuracy to prove beyond doubt that queens do in some instances mate twice, notwith- standing the fact that for a half century or more the opposite view has been held. The paper was discussed by Messrs. Riley. Benton, GiU Schwarz, and Pergande. Professor Riley stated that, with the bottle bee of the West Iiid es, two or three or even five eggs are enclosed in each cell, and that all but one of these must perish. Mr. Benton said that with Mtlipona all of the eggs are laid in cells which are scaled before the latvse hatch; but in the hive bee the cells remain open even to the end of the feeding period, and the workers remove the superflu- ous eggs. Dr. Gill remarked upon Mr. Benton s abili- ty to recognize ndividual queens, and a.vked whether he could explain how he did it. Mr. Benton replied that it was very hard to say. It is a question of gener- al appea ance, size, color, shape, actions and other points combined to produce an individual. Mr. Schwarz asked whether there is a double mating among the ants Mr. Pergande replied that the queer s live sev- eral ^ear*, but nothina is known whether they mate more' than once. In his belief a single mating suf- fices Mr Schwarz stated that, with the white ants, all observers agree that no one has ever seen a copula- tion This must take place within the nests, and the queens are so long-lived that there must be several maiings. 386 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 The bottle bee mentioned by Dr. Riley is doubtless one of the stingless Melipotias, numerous species of which are common in the West Indies and South America. I hardly think that it is the rule with any of these species that "two or three, or even five eggs are inclosed in each cell," but the case in which this would occur is probably under conditions similar to those in which we find queens of Apis mellijera depositing numerous eggs in a cell. It will be of interest, I think, to tran- scribe from my note-book the memoranda regarding these queens. They are as fol- lows: curious records of queens. Larnaca, Cyprus, 1886. (1) June 9 caged in a nucleus a queen; emerged June 2. June 10 released. June 20, maied. June 22. tratcd again. July 4, laying. July 9, queen is putting 8 or 10 eggs in each cell of the ce'iter comb; none in side combs; even puts eggs in where there are larvie. July 12, bees are sealing brood which looks like drone brood July 21, finely marked workers emerging. (2) Juue2. emerged, June 16. avipears to have mated. June 2i, mated again. July 5, laving. July 12, bees sealing brood. July 25, finely marked workers emerging. The above are simply records made at the time. A word or two of explanation may, therefore, be appropriate. I remember distinctly that these queens were watched from day to day, and their development and every thing which took place in the nuclei holding them was noted and remembered, so that I feel positive there was no error in the observations. When I wrote of a queen that she had mated, I posi- tively saw her return to the hive with the drone appendages attached to her body. I knew that it was time for her to mate, and was on the lookout for it. After her mat- ing I confidently expected to find, within 24 to 48 hours, that she had begun laying, as all conditions seemed favorable; and when this did not take place my surprise was great. I therefore stimulated these nuclei, since I wished by all means to have the queens ready at the earliest possible mo- ment for shipment, and I remember dis- tinctly that orders were waiting for them, therefore I was hastening the production of as many queens as possible in a short space of time. In the case of No. 1. numer- ous daily examinations were made after the first mating, so that the familiarity with this queen, and with what was going On in the nucleus, was quite the same as though it had been under continuous obser- vation from daylight until dark, and it was positively the satne queen that mated ten days later. The same may be said, also, of queen No. 2. I regarded these two cases as so remakable that it was my intention to publish some account of them. Many things intervened to prevent this, including my removal from Munich, Germany, to Carnio- la, Austria, and the establishment there of "The Carniolan Apiaries," and my final return, four years later, to this country. The publication inGravenhorst'sZ?^;//f5cA^ illustrierte Bienenzeitung iov August. 1893, of the record made by Mr. Befort of the sec- ond mating of a queen in his apiary recall- ed to my mind the notes in my old book, and I presented the subject at a meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington, June 7, 1894. I have not at hand this moment the record published by the German jour- nal mei^tioned above, but recollect that the account seemed clear enough to indicate that Mr. Befort had not been mistaken in his observations, although I confess that, if they had not been corroborated by my ob- servations made seven years previously, I fear I should have looked upon thtm with some doubt. As it is, nothing could now shake my belief that queen- bees occasional- ly mate the second time. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, March 24, 1904. ACTUAT. EYE-WITNESS PROOP" THAT A QUEEN WAS FERriLIZED THREE TIMES. On page 286, near bottom of first column, Mr. Phillips asks if any readers will have the patience to watch for evidences of two impregnations ol the queen. I have noticed this evidence of two marriage- flights, but I did not know it was an unsettud question. Last summer I put into use a glass sided one frame nucleus or observation hive. I fixed it in a window- screen in a storeroom or pantry adjoining the kitchen. Amjng the many little things investigated (some of which I do not find mentioned in the bee- books) were the economies of subsistence and reproduction. A young queen on her twentieth day of age (she could not fly out sooner because of daily rains) came back to the hive with copulatory organs of full size protruding. She was immediately siezed, pushed, and buffeted by a large number of bees in what seemed an unfriendly manner. They were trying in two parties, pulling in opposite directions to extract the appendage. I then opened the hive, and with a blunt knife held the parts, when the tugging of the bees at her head and body brought relief. They then soothed and stroked her; but her actions showed she was nervous and had been pained. In an hour's time things had become largely norinal. Then the queen, which still seemed somewhat excited, went out, and in about three minutes returned with the same kind of appendage, which, like the first, had fully penetrated. I had changed my position, and could now inter- cept her and prevent her from entering the hive. Without difficulty I caught her in my open hand — she seemed too much surprised to escape — and by firmly holding her at the thorax I drew out the protruding organ. She bit me on the thumb. An examination of both organs showed that they had been pressed empty. I released her at the en- trance and she entered the hive, but seemed 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 387 dissatisfied and much wrought up. The bees drove her from the hive several times, but she persisted in reenteringf. She could find no peace or refuge. Finally she flew awa\ for the third time, and returned with the ev dence of coition as before. I did not interfere, and it was some hours before the bees by tugging relieved the queen. She began to lay in the usual time, and work- ers hatched in due season. I trust this may be of interest in connec- tion with this matter. J. G. Baier. New Brunswick, N. J., March 22. [These facts from direct and personal observation, frcm difl'erent (and I may say competent) eye witnesses, are very interest- ing and valuable. We should be glad to hear from others who may have any thing to ofl'er on this question. From the facts so far presented I take it that the second or third fertilizations take place before the queen begins to lay. Am I right?— Ed.] EGG-LAYING CAPACITY OF A GOOD QUEEN. A Remarkable Frame of Brood ; Holding a Swarm of Bees on the Bare Arm; bow it Feels to have the Bees Clutching and Clawing on ihe Skin. BY W. O. VICTOR. While in conversation with Mr. Calvert last November, while he was in Texas, I mentioned several views that I have that I appreciate very much. He asked me if any of the bee- journals had had them, to which I had to say no. He said that I should write them up and send them to you; that I had been interested and benefited by the writings of others, and I should not keep my light under a bushel. Now I am going to attempt to raise the bushel; and if we find but a charred wick I trust you will bear with me patiently while I attempt to bring forth a brighter light than we may at first find. The first view I will present is a frame of brood from one of my apiaries of three- banded Italians which I call my imported- stock apiary. The mother of this brood was in her second year at the time this frame was photographed, and was in the very prime of life. I am sure she had not and never could lay better than she did at the time of depositing the eggs for this brood. If I made no mistake there were 21 cells in the entire comb that were partly filled with pollen. All other available cells were occupied by brood. As nearly as I could calculate, there were 8200 cells filled with brood in this frame. The most of the open cells had lost their occupants within a few minutes before the picture was made. By looking closely you can see several young bees crawling on the comb. These emerged frcm the cells while we were ar- ranging the ccmb for the view. You can also see quite a number of cells with the cappings partly ofl^, where the young bees are cutting out. Within two days more the comb was entirely empty and very light, as it was a new comb built on foundation. I would ask for a close examination of the outer edge of the comb, as you will see that all cells with walls on all sides were occu- pied by brood. Note that along the top-bar several cells are occupied that are built on the comb-guide, and protrude like drone brood in worker cells. There is a history in connection with this view. I got a transient photographer to *^ " a, • 9 • * ■■'^» A REMARKABLY WELL- FILLED FRAME OF BROOD FROM IMPORTED ITALIAN QUEEN. 388 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 make the negative for me, as I was not pre- pared at the time to do it myself. He made me a few prints from it I contracted with him to make quite a number for me, which I never got. Soon after this he went to the bay, rented a small boat, and went fishing. In a few daj-s the boat was seen on the beach, but he has never been heard of, nor could my negative be found among his ef- fects. In regard to the number of bees that this frame produced at one hatch, a close calcu- lation gives 8200, or about 2 lbs. of bees; and the brood was all hatched in about two days from the time the first hatched. This would indicate that the queen was laying at the rate of about ten and a half frames of brood in 21 days. Counting two pounds of bees to the frame would make 21 pounds in 2 1 days; and 60 pounds of bees in 60 days, or the average life of a bee. Now, I do not claim that she kept up that rate of laying for 60 days, nor do I think I had 60 pounds of bees in that hive at any time; but I feel sure that Mr. Doolittle's high estimate of 4000 eggs in 24 hours was reached, and that they could have cast a swarm, had they swarmed, that would have broken the record mentioned in Gleanings fjr Jan. 15, page 82. By the way, I have a picture of a swarm of bees that might have been a "record- breaker" in number of pounds, judging from their weight bef re I got them off my naked arm, and it is no doubt a record- breaker in some respects, in that I have never heard of a swarm of bees being pho- tographed while on the naked arm of a man. During the ear.y spring I conceived a de- sire to have a large hive swarm, and catch the swarmon my naked arm, and photograph it, and for this purpose I selected six two-story hives thati alloweo tobecomecrowdedtoover- iiowing with bees. I prepared my camera for the work, and watched and waited for days for the swarm to issue. Finally I was re- warded by the swarm you see on my naked arm, in the picture, coming out just about noon, the best time of th ; day to do the work. I bared my arm to my shoulder, cast aside my hat, and proceeded to the bush where they were clustering. I soon fjuud the queen, and caught her in my hand, and with the other hand I took bees from the cluster and placed them on m hand, where they soon discovered the queen and set up a call. I soon had them coming my way in great shape. I now opened my hand and let the queen go free with the bees; occasion- ally smoking, and shaking the bush to get the bees to leave it. Soon I had more bees trying to cluster on my arm than c mid, as their weight would break them loose. I finally got a twig with leaves on it and placed one end of it between my fingers, and I soon had my left wing completed, as. you see. The white place near my elbow and at the point of my shoulder were the only places not fully fledged. Although I practically had bees all over W. O. VICTOR HOLDING A BIG SWARM OF BEES ON THE BARE ARM. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BF.E CUL'I URE. 389 me (note the bees on my collar, and in my collar too if you could only see them), I did not get a single sting until i thought I had Ihem all oft", and str.nghtened up, when, to my great surprise, one was under my sus- pender. I touched the button, and she did the rest. Although not a bee slung my arm, it felt as tht ugh thousands of pins were stickirg it; and when I got the bees off it looked as if I had had it tightly wrap- ped with wire cloth from my shoulder to the ends of my fingers where the bees had been holding on; and for several days my arm had an itching, tingling sensation, caused by the bees pinchirg. The njn-swarming qualities of my bees delayed me in getting this picture until so late in the season that my enthusiasm had cooled in regard to it to such an ext' nt that I neglected to use it up to this date as I had intended. This picture is of my bees, myself, and my home apiarj', taken by myself. See bulb in my right hand, and tube leading to camera. At my left is a stack of my fa- mous four-barrel nuclei hives. I have been reading Mr. Phillips' articles on queen-rearing, and am very much inter- ested in them However, if I can get up nerve enough I may get down my "horse- brush" and try to smooth down some of his theoretical and scientific high places a little. Whoa, there, Mr. Phillips! don't kick too soon; I have not touched you. I am only thinking about it. Wharton, Texas, Jan. 23. [While it seemed to be unfortunate that the negative was lost, yet you are enabled through the half-tone process of engraving to make any number of duplicates. This is a rtmakably nice frame of brood. I have seen solid cards practically as good as this, but they were from the Holy Land stock, but never had any thing so full and nice from imported Italian queen, or, in fact, any pure Italian blood. I believe we shall have to award the queen that filled this comb with eggs the palm for breaking the record in egg laying. If any one can beat it, in Italian stock, let him send a photo of it or for ever hold his peace. I have often wondered myself how it would feel to hold a swarm of bees on the bare arm. I have sometimes thought of trying it; but when I have had a good chance to test it, there would be three or four more swarms, and then I would be too busy to try the experiment to see how it would feel to have the bees hanging on by means of their tiny claws. I admire your nerve in standing there and holding those bees so long, and it must have hurt some or your arm would not have had such an itching and tingling sensation. I wonder if those claws also carried a slight quantity of the bee-sting poison. Yes, friend V., we hope you will not keep your candle under a bushel so long again. Let us hear from you oftener. and especially when you can produce such re- markable photos. — Ed.] REPORT OF NORTHERN MICHIGAN BEE KEEPERS* CONVENTION. Held at Traverse City, March 30 and 31. BY A. I. ROOT, The attendance, especially the first day, was not large; and at the very commence- ment of this report I wish to put emphasis on the importance of a proper convention notice. Tell first where it is to be; next, when it is to be, giving not only the day but the very hour on which the convention will be opened, and urge as many as possible to be on hand at the very opening. Last of all, tell at which hotel the bee-keepers are expected to stop. If it is a large city I would suggest not having it at the highest- priced hotel. Many of us are not in the habit of spending money in that way, and can not afford it. A. I. Root is one of that number — that is, my conscience rebukes me for putting up at the highest-priced hotels when there are thousands of places where money is so much needed — where a little money, for instance, will do a lot of good. I do not want an elaborate and expensive "spread." It is not good for my health, and there are thousands just like me. We . should all put up at one hotel in order to be neighborly. The friendly visits among bee-keepers outside of the regular sessions are one of the very best features of a con- vention. March 30, after I had my breakfast, I was on hand at the Montague Hall. The door was locked; nobody at the hotel knew any thing about a bee-keepers' convention, and the owner of the hall did not seem to know very much about it, only that it was engaged for that day. During the forenoon half a dozen bee- keepers came in, one after another. Nobody knew whether there was to be a forenoon session or not. Now, do not think I am reflecting on the good president. The melting snows, high water, and floods, at this particular time, had thrown all the railroads " out of whack." My own train that should have reached Traverse City between six and seven in the evening did not get there till between twelve and one. Small as the number was, how- ever, we elected a chairman and held ses- sions. In fact, I do not know but I was a gainer by having a chance to become in- timately acquainted with Mr. E. D. Town- send, of Remus, Michigan. In the afternoon there were enough for a pretty fair attendance, and there were a few women present. Toward evening the president and secretary made their appear- rance, and we had quite a lively and prof- itable meeting during the evening. One of the topics a good deal discussed referred more directly to Mr. Townsend, who seems to have largely inaugurated the plan of managing an out-apiary by visiting it only three or four times during the honey season. This idea is all the more interest- ing to us now when competent help is so 390 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 scarce and high-priced. Even away down in Cuba friend de Beche says he gets a larger per cent of profit on the capital in- vested where he employs a cheap native Cuban, at a low price, than where he man- ages an apiary with an expensive expert. Of course, the expert produces a larger crop of honey, and keeps things in hand- somer shape than the low-priced man. This is especially true in Cuba, where ex- tracted honey often nets the producer not much over two cents a pound. Another thing, the cheap man produces more wax than the high-priced one; and wax is worth almost as much in Cuba as it is here. Now, it would make a long reply if I were to go over the whole ground of managing an apiary profitably by seeing it only four times during the summer. Of course, this is for extracted honey. Swarming is to be prevented largely by giving the bees plenty of room; and this is done by having enough empty combs for the strongest colony to store all they can gather. When honey first begins to come in, give each colony an upper story with eight instead of ten empty combs. Mr. Townsend uses ten- frame hives for obvious reasons. Whenever this upper story is, say, half filled, give them another super with eight more combs. Of course, the eight combs are equally spaced in the ten-frame hive. This gives a chance to lengthen out the cells before capping it over. The extracting is all done at the end of the season, no extracting being done at all ex- cept at the last visit. If you wish to pre- vent swarming, be sure you give each cjIo- ny enough combs to hold all the honey they may gather; for if they get every thing full they will be sure to swarm out. Better give them too much room than not quite enough. Put all the empty combs on top. The bees then will fill the" combs and seal them up below before going into the combs above. The honey is all mos> perfectly ripened and capped over. In uncapping, cut down low enough to make your c^mbs all as smooth as a planed board. Get rid of all hills and valleys on the surface of your extracting- combs. In this way you will get more wax than by just taking off the caps. But with perfectly smcoth level combs the uncapper can do twice as much work; and where the bees are not allowed to build combs, they must indulge their wax building propensi- ty in some way. Let them use it by length- ening the cells and capping them over. Mr. Townsend gets from one to two cents a pound more for his extracted honey than that in the general market. I can readily believe this. Of ccurse, you want to be sure that every colony has a queen. After that you do not need to see the queens at all from the beginning of the season till the close. There is so little swarming, where the bees always have plenty of room ahead of them, that no attention is paid to hiving swaims at all. I would suggest decoy hives. But friend Townsend says he can buy bees cheaper than to chase after what few swarms theie may be hanging there. When asked if he did not have his apiary near a residence he said that in many re- spects he preferred the contrary. One of his apiaries is nearly a mile from his house, and has never been meddled with. This speaks well again for Northern Michigan. Before leaving the matter of extracting I wish to mention an idea he gave us about uncapping. Tip the comb a little from you so that the cappings when sliced off will fall into the uncapping- tank by gravity. If you let them slide off the knife and lodge on the uncapped surface they will be hard- er to get oft' from the sticky honey than be- fore you uncapped them. With combs al- ways as straight as a marble slab an ex- pert uncapper will slice off the caps at a single stroke. Mr. T. does not use an un- cappingcan. A keg or half barrel stands over a good- sized tub, being supported by two narrow bars of wood dropped a little below the rim of the tub. This is so no honey can go over on the fioor. The oper- ating strips are narrow so the caps will not be piling up on them. The droppings drop into the keg, and drain off into the tub below. There was considerable discussion about getting the honey that drips from the cap- pings so as to get all of it, and not have it injured in the process. Of course, melting the cappings by the use of the solar ex- tractor or otherwise will get the honey; but the heat will injure it in color and flavor. I think one of the women suggested that, if the cappings were put ioto a cheese- cloth bag. and hung up back of the stove, where it is almost warm enough to melt the wax, you will get nearly all the honey, and have it unharmed. You will notice, friends, that the most the manager has to do in these three first visits is to put empty comb on the hives that need it. Father Langstroth said years ago that a good stock of empty combs was the sheet- anchor of bee-keeping. The question might come up, " Where shall we get our stock of empty combs? " Perhaps they- can be built up in the h< me apiary. Our old friend Covyou, who was present, showed us an excellent plan for wiring frames on slender wire nails driven in the frames and bent over in hcok shape. By his plan there are two horizontal wirts, one a little above the bottom-bar and the other a little below the top-bar, then there were two diagonal wires. This braces and supports the frame, and is put in very quickly. Mr. Townsend winters his bees in North- ern Michigan on a plan that commends it- self very much to me at least. In the porous sandy soil he makes a V-shaped trench. Rails or other suitable sticks are laid cross- wise of the trench. The hives of bees, with sufficient stores, no top or bottom boards, are placed on these rails. All the dead bees and other trash drop down between the rails at the bottom of the trench, there being no bottom in the hives. The bees have most perfect ventilation. Trash or 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 331 boards are put over the trench, resting- on rails laid on top of the hives. Then straw is put on, or other trash, and the bees are buried exactly as they bur3' potatoes in that region. A little ventilation is allowed through the trench; and under the snows of Northern Michigan the bees winter perfect- I3'. Even during this past severe winter, the vegetation in the woods and in my ra- vine garden shows every evidence of not be- intr frosted at all. I dug half a bushel of nice potatoes while cultivating around my peach- trees, and they were just as good as they were last fall. Many of them were not more than an inch below the surface of the ground. They never felt 28 below zero at all. ]n such a locality it is a simple thing to fix the bees so they will be perfectly safe from the time the snow falls until it goes off in the spring. WORKING OUT-APIARIES FOR COMB HONEY WITH ONLY FEW VISITS. Friend Townsend has not tested this plan as much for ccinb honey as for extracted; but he thinks it can be managed. It will take about one visit a week to look after the production of comb honey properly; and as the comb honey season does not usually last more than six or seven weeks he thinks about double the number of visits will be required. One man without any help, ex- cepting when you come to extract, ought to be able to care for four apiaries of 100 col- onies each, situated say six or eight miles apart. If I remember correctly, putting up bees for winter and taking them out of the pit in spring is a separate matter. At one time during the convention I arose and asked the president if I could be grant- ed the privilege of interrupting the proceed- ings of the convention for about five min- utes. He said that, although such a re- quest might generally be out of order, he thought (under the circumstances) the con- vention would grant it. Then, pointing out of the open window, I begged to ask if the winged crafts scattered over Traverse Bay, and flitting from side to side and from end to end like seagulls, were ice-boats or fly- ing-machines. A big laugh ensued, and the friends assured me that they were ice- boats; and after the convention adjourned I was promised an ice boat ride. But man proposes and God disposes. When the con- vention was over it was raining, and I did not have mj' ride. On Monday, April 4, however, as there had been a brisk freeze the night before, the ice-boats were flitting again; and it was my privilege for the first time in my life to handle an ice boat. I was going to say they went like the wind; but that is not half of it. They go faster than the wind. Why, when we looked out of the window that day during the conven- tion they would go from one side of the bay to the other, up and down, and everywhere. It seemed to me like a glimpse from the Arabian Nights. An ordinary sail boat, even under the influence of a good wind, or even a gasoline-launch, makes slow prog- ress when seen two or three miles out on the water; but these things just skimmed and flew. When I took my ride there was hardly wind enough; but it was about the most exhilarating sport I ever experienced, to see the craft mind the slightest pressure on the rudder. Unlike the autom jbile, there is scarcely a sound or a jar. I have heard tell ever since my boy hot d about "greased lightning;" and this seemed to express it more than any thing else. I then found that, with practice, you can go in any di- rection, no matter which way thel wind blows, and one way almost as well as another. Besides, the thing is not at all expensive. The one I rode in cost only about $30, canvas and all; and the little ones, to carry only one person, can be'made for less than half that. In my next I will tell you of some of the inconveniences in that land of snow and ice during winter as well as some of the grand things, and also a little more about the con- vention. BACILLUS ALVEI VS. BACILLUS MESENTERICUS. Why the Two Can Not be^the.Same. BY ADRI^-^J GETAZ. I can not yet accept the conclusion of Dr. Lambotte, p. 1012,1902, concerning the iden- tity of Bacillus alvei and Bacilhis mesenteri- cus vulgaris. His arguments, briefly stat- ed, are the following: 1. The two bacilli are apparently of the same size, shape, etc., when seen under the microscope. 2. Their development in cultures is simi- lar, both producing a gluelike substance similar to the one found in foul- broody col- onies. 3. Their sensitiveness to specific serums is the same. The points above certainly look conclu- sive; and unless positive proof to the con- trary is given, the identity of the two ba- cilli should be accepted. Still, they may be different things after all. Bacilli are very minute objects. Only their general fea- tures can be seen under the strongest mi- croscopes. It is alm3st like looking at a group of men at a distance of a quarter of a mile. The differences between them might escape the observer. The gluelike substance observed may not be the same in both cases; but even if it were, it would not be impossible that two different kinds of bacilli could produce the same substance. Let us now take up the discrepancies. According to Dr. Lambotte's theory, the spores of Bacillus niesentericus are every- where present in the atmosphere, but they have no action on sound colonies, while, on the other hand, they produce foul brood in unhealthy colonies. That is very near Mr. McEvoy's position. But if that were true it would necessarily follow that sound colonies would never con- 392 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 tract the disease, while unhealthy ones would contract it everywhere and at any time. The facts show an entirely different state of affairs. When foul brood exists in a locality, sound colonies catch it just as well as the others; and, on the other hand, there are plenty of unhealthy colonies in many places that do not contract foul brood, undoubtedly because the g-erms are not there. This seems to roe conclusive ag-ainst Mr. Lambotte's theory. J ^A second objection is the difference in vitality of the spores. The Bacillus mesen- tericus spores (if I understand Dr. Lam- botte correctly) resist for years all exterior influences. According to the experiments of Watson, Cheshire, and recently of Dr. Howard, the spores of Bacillus alvei. while very resistant against chemical agents and pretty high temperature, lose their vitality in two or three days when exposed to the dry open air or the sunlight. A strong proof of the correctness of their opinion is furnished by the success of the McEvoy method of curing foul brood. After elimi- nating any possible contamination through the agency of the honev, the malady can be cured in a few days, even without disinfect- ing the hive. This shows conclusively that, during these few days, the spores that un- doubtedly have been in the atmosphere and on the walls of the hive, and probably the bees themselves, have lost their vitality; otherwise the disease would certainly break out again. A third discrepancy is shown in Dr. Lambotte's experiments in trving to inocu- late the disease. He applied a culture of Bacillus niesentericus to some healthy brood. The bees cleaned out brood and culture at once. 1 have had no personal experience with foul brood; but from what I have read on the subject I feel sure that an application of foul- broody brood on sound brood would have developed a raging case of foul brood. Furthermore, it is known that the bees can not and do not clean out foul brood (see the Dec. 15th issue, 1902, pages 1016, 1017). His second series of experiments is ob- jectionable also. Only a fifth of the larvje became diseased with a malady similar, at least, to foul brood. The others were clean- ed out. Moreover, the process he used has no counterpart in the circumstances obtain- ing in the actual colonies. I do not say now that Dr. Lambotte is in error; but the objections I have mentioned should be seriously investigated. His ex- periments do not seem to have been con- ducted very judiciously. His first labora- tory experiments seem to have convinced him that Bacillus mesentericus and Bacillus alvei are the same bacillus, and that he tried to force his actual experiments with bees in that direction. In trying to inoculate healthy brood with the disease it seems to me that the experi- ments should have been conducted simulta- neously with Bacillus mesentericus froni suitable cultures, and with Bacillus alvei from actually diseased colonies, perhaps adding, also, a third series inoculated with cultures of Bacillus alvei. I think it was a mistake to kill the larvae to be inoculated. We have no proof that the already dead brood contracts the dis- ease, though it is likely to do so. But in the usual course of events it is the living brood that "gets sick." Again, the disease is nearly always (if not always) transmitted through honey containing spores. It seems to me, there- fore, that this mode of transmission should be the one experimented upon — that is, cause some honey to be infec'ed with Bacil- lus mesentericus spores, and feed it to the colony experimented upon, to see if actual foul brood would develop. Knoxville, Tenn. [The conclusions of Dr. Lambotte are not, if I am correct, generally credited by those bacteriologists who have given the matter any serious attention. Facts from practical every- day experience, as you point out, disprove them in every important par- ticular.— Ed.] FORMXLDEHYDE Q^S AS A DISINFECTANT. Its Properties and How it Should be Applied ; its Repeated and Long cnn'inued Application Essential. BY J. R. HAGAN. "Formaldehyde gas is a complex, un- stable body, and failure in its use as a dis- infecting agent re&ults from an imperfect knowledge of its properties, its limitations, and its methods of production" (Resenau). Commercial formalin is a solution of water and wood alcohol, containing 40 per cent of formaldehyde gas, the wood alcohol being added to make it more stable. It being an unstable body, and subject to evaporation, it seldom contains the full 40 per cent, even when it is put up with the greatest care. Formaldehyde gas is of about the same specific gravity as air at ordinary tempera- tures, thus making it necessary to generate it as fast as possible, and in large quan'i- ties, so as to expel the air and cause the gas to reach every part of the room or com- partment to be disinfected. The gas must be brought in direct contact with the materi- al to be sterilized; in fact, it has its power by uniting with nitrogenous organic and decomposing matter, turning them in o new chemical compounds which are sterile. Surgeon- General Sternberg places this gas next to fire as a disinfectant, but it is not considered an insecticide of any great value, for bedbugs, crickets, etc., can live almost indefinitely in the s'rongest fumes of the gas. Rabbits subjected to the fumes of the gas for a half hour show no ill effects, except irritation of the lungs and mucus surfaces, but may eventually die of pneu- monia: therefore, when using it, care should be taken not to inhale its fumes. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 393 ' Formaldehyde g-as is now considered the best disinfectant known for destroying- the germs of foul brood and other non spore- bearing^ bacteria. The spores bear the same relation to bacteria that seeds do to plants and trees, as they have a thick en- veloping- membrane which prevents the dis- infectant from being easily applied. For this reason the fumes of the gas should be brought in direct contact with the germs in order to destroy them effectually. In using formalin a long-neck copper re- tort is best for ordinary purposes. The flames should be applied on the sides of the retort rather than directly under it. so that, when the^solution begins to heat, the steam ■will come in contact with the hot metal and be converted into gas; for unless this is done the liquid is simp'y evaporated, leaving a- white powder known commercially as para- form. For the same reason, all of the solu- tion put in the retort should be used before the fire is withdrawn. A 20 per-cent salt solution added to the formalin is a great advantage, as it raises the boiliog-point several degrees, and in- creases the production of the gas. The ad- dition of 1 per cent of f lycerine will improve the solution, as it will hilp to keep the para- form in contact with the combs being disin- fected. It should be borne in mind that, to disin- fect thoroughly any thing as thick as combs filled with honey and bees, it will take at least 48 houi s' exposure to the fumes of the gas to kill all the germs. It is still safer to repeat the application in a few days. In all cases it is better to apply the disinfect- ant in a warm room, as cold has a tendency to retard the evolution of the gas. Washington, D. C, Feb. 23. [Do I understand you to say that the germ of foul brood is " non-spore bearing"? I can hardly think it possible that you meant that. Your instruction on the use of the gas is valuable. — Ed.] WHY CUBAN HONEY COMES IN WINTER. Something about the Climate and Honey Flora. BY HARKY HOWE. Dr. Miller asks why the Cuban' honey- flow is in winter I will try to offer an ex- planation. Here in the torrid zone there is no true winter, but sprir g and fill seem to lap over one another. However, there is usually about a month of weather too cold for honey secretion. December corresponds with September in many ways; so what seems to the doctor to be getting honey in winter is, to us, getting honey in fill. There are flowers here all the time, but not all are of value for honey. Some loca- tions have more at one time of the year, and others at other times. As the bel- flower honey is considered the best, the bee- keepers have been in the habit of looking f jr locations having an abundance of that, and so it has come about that most of the Americans are in locations where the prin- cipal honey- flow is in the fall. Here, althoughthings are green andgrow- ing all the time, ther are few trees or p ants that are true evergreens. Nearly all have their periori of rest, when they drop their leaves, and are, for a shorter or longer period, as bare as trees in winter in the North. But they don't all do i: at once, so the larger part of the trees that one sees at any one time have leaves. Some bloom before beginning the season's growth, like the peach; a ad others, like th^ basswood, bloom at the close of the grow- ing season; so here we have two flows, from the fruit and forest trees, but they lap over like the seasons. Other plants, like the morning-glories, bloom during all their growth. This brings up another point of the sea- sons here. During the summer there is usu- ally much rain, and during the winter it sometimes does not rain for months. Plants like the morning-glories grow and bloom until the drouth checks the growth, and then die. Others, like the bellflower, are perennial, but stop growing during the dry season. 394 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 All plants secrete honey more profusely when there is plenty of moisture in the soil and in the air. Here the plants thit bloom duiing' the rainy season give a more abun- dant flow than those that ccme in dry times. But the honey gathered in the rainy season is very inferior in quality, and ferments upon the slightest provccntion, while that of the dry season is cf good body, and keeps well. The summer honey is also usually of poor flavor and color. These reasons have led the bee keepers to look for fall and win- ter locations. During the rainy season, when every thing in dripping moisture about all the time, it is not possible to get honey properly ripened; and, also, the rain pre- vents the bees from working much of the time. Of course, the ideal location here would have honey all the year round; but such places are not easily found. There are very few places where one can extract for six months of the year. Pas J Real, Feb. 17. CUTTING CANDIED HONKY WITH A WIRE; HOW THE PLAN SUCCEEDED IN THE HANDS OF ONE OP OUR SUBSCRIBERS; PUTTING FOUNDATION INTO SEC- TIONS SO THAT IT WILL NOT KINK, WARP, OR BUCKLE. Just about three months ago I was tak- ing some candied honey out of our uncap- ping can, placing it on the stove until loose, then proceeded to cut it into chunks, when the thought struck me, and I made mention to my son that, with an electric wire, we might be able to cut our candied honey into a shape to handle. A few months later we noticed in Gleanings the success cf Mr. Wairen in cutting the honey with a fish- line or wire. We immediately set to work, and in a short time we were successful in cutting 45 21b. biccks and 18 ;2-lb. out of a 60-pound can, leaving 4 lbs. of odds and ends; and. as you say, the honey sells all right. My son was so enthused that he proposed we make a cut of our machine and send it in for Gleanings; but I said we'd better wait a while, as some one would likely have something more perfect. On receiving March 15th Gleanings I ran over the contents, and there it was. Yes, it is what we want, and what we need in this lanr of solid honey. Now, there is one thing more, at least, that we want more light on, and that is, putting full sheets of foundation into sec- tions in a way so they will not warp, kink, nor buckle when placed in the super. As we ha\e been successful with a few thou- sand the past season, and as it is mentioned on page 634, 1903, th: t it has not been prac- tical to fasten foundation to the end as well as top, for the benefit of those wishing to produce the most perfectly filled sec- tions we will, in the near future, send a drawing and explanations how it is done. G. J. Yoder. Meridian, Idaho, March 24. [We should be pleased to receive the drawing and description referred to. — Ed.] A simple and effective method of get- ting ALL THE WAX OUT OF OLD COMBS. I have read all you have published about wax and wax-presses, etc. I have rendered several hundred pounds in the last two years, and my way of separating wax from the original combs is very inexpensive, to say the least. I sre some make the claim that the majority get only about 50 per cent of the wax. Now, if I thought I was leav- ing 25 per cent in the slumgum T would buy a press. I have just rendered some wax; and if you are making experiments I should like to send you seme slumgum from the batch I have just rendered. Some two or more years ago some one told how he rendered wax. I forget now wheth- er it was in Gleanings or elsewhere. He said he used a big kettle the same as some use in making soap, and he took an iron pail, holding about two gallons, and punch- ed it full of holes and nailed a three- foot handle on it, and used that to push around in the hot wax; and as the wax runs in the pail through the holes he skimmed it ofi^ with a common dipper. That is the way I get my whx. A. L. Dupray. Camanche, Iowa, Feb. 16. [W^e asked Mr. D. to send us by mail a small sample of the slumgum, which he did. We put it to the test, and found that all the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 395 wax was removed. This speaks well for the method here described. A plan similar in principle is to put the old combs in a bag-, and then in a boiler of hot water, where it is weighted down. After it has "cooked" it is punched and punched re- peatedly with a stick. As fast as the wax rises to the surface it is dipped oflf. When no more rises after the punching-, the work is done. Any one who can't get more than SO or 75 per cent of the wax must be a very careless operator. — Ed.] TO SPREAD BROOD WITHOUT THE USUAL ATTENDANT DANGER. The time of year is now coming on when a good many bee keepers will begin to their sorrow to spread their brood, and in other ways try to force their colonies. I wish to suggest a simple way by which this may be done without the loss so often attending the operation. This is by simply changing ends with one frame of brood out of three, the middle one of course; or, if a very strong colony, two out of five. By this means the honey in one end of the frame is removed by the bees, and eggs laid by the queen in its place, and in a few days the same thing is done on the two outside frames of brood; or, again, outside of the brood cluster may usually be found a frame of honey with the side nearest the bees till- ed with pollen. Reverse this, bringing the honey close to the patch of brood. This plan answers two purposes — stimu'ative feeding, in that the bees themselves remove the honey from close to the brood, and also stimulates the queen to lay in the whole sheet of comb rather than in small patches in several combs. I have found it better, at this time of the year, where colonies are weak, and have two or three combs with small patches of brood, to remove the two outside combs and give them to a stronger colony, and, later, return them whole frames of hatching brood. H. Fitz Hart. Wetumpka, Ala., March 1. A KINK IN CLEANING BEES OFF FROM EX- TRACTING COMBS. I will give you what I call a valuable kink in cleaning off the bees from extract- ing-combs. It may be old, but I haven't seen it in print. I go to the hive, take out two combs, set them down, then I move over the next one so I can get at each side with a Coggshall brush. I smoke a little, and rub the sides of the comb with the brush. The bees will tumble oiJ and disappear in the lower part of the hive. Take out this comb, do the next the same, until all are cleaned ofif and taken out. Take out as fast as cleaned off. Thea put the two combs first taken out back in, and brush. The combs in a ten frame hive can be cleaned in two minutes, and not a bee out- side of the hive to crawl round — no queen lost, or robbers to bother. Before I adopted this method, when I shook them ofP some- times they would come bick with a ven- geance; besides, the grass is full of bees for some time. The new way, the bees seem to be so much surprised that hardly one will take wing. W. D. Soper. Jackson, Mich. [I believe your plan to be good. It is worth the trying. It is very annoying to have the bees in the grass, and possibly under foot, and crawling up pants. — Ed.] SHALLOW HIVFS; HOW THE USER OF THEM MAY HAVE THE ADVANTAGE OVKR HIS FELLOW BEE KEEPER WHO DOES NOT USE THEM. Since my article appeared, March 15, I have received several letters inquiring about this high- pressure comb honey- production system There seems to be a demand among honey-producers, especially those in rather poor loca ions, for a system of very shallow frames and divisible brood-cham- bers that will enable them to produce comb honey where now they are compelled to extract. By this system I h ve b^en able to produce paying crops of comb honey right along- when my neighbors with deep frames have been compelled to quit produc- ing comb honey. Any one can produce ex- tracted honey; but it takes an expert to pro- duce comb honey here; but if he cm do it he has the market all right. J. E. Hand. Birmingham, Ohio, Mar. 29. FRAME-TONGS FOR " SHOOK " SWARMS. I send a description of a little tool which I think will be found a great convenience to most bee-keepers. I call it a brood frame tong. The cut shows plainly how it is made; but the reader will have to get his blacksmith to make it unless he is fortunate enough to have a forge of his own. It is made of two pieces of ?s-inch steel or iron rod, each about 12 inches long, and bent as shown in cut about four inches from each end. The jaws should be long enough to reach to the bottom of the top bar, and the tips should be bent in a trifle so as to go under the top-bar just'enough to prevent its slipping out. The parts are made just 396 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr'IS alike, and put tog^ether with rivets in the form of a double-jawed tongs as shown in the cut. In taking the frame out of the hive the top-bar is grasped in the center with the tongs with one hand, leaving the other hand free to use the knife or other tool to pry the frames apart; and if the bees are to be brushed off, the frame is easily held and turned from side to side ■with one hand while the other is free to use the brush to the best advantage. In shak- ing bees for "shook" swarms, etc., two of them could be used to advantage, one in each hand at each end of the top bar. They would afford such a strong grip that the most vigorous shaking could be given with- out fear of losing hold of the frame. I think the use of this little device would greatly lessen the number of stings received, and would be especially desirable to begin- ners on that account, as it would almost en- tirely obviate the necessity of taking hold of the top bar (which is often pretty well covered with bees) directly with the fingers. E. S. Webster. Hutchinson, Kans., Feb. 16. [Something simih r was sold like this by Thos. G. Newman, then of Chicago, many years ago. Instead of two jaws there was onl}' one. Personally I have never believed these tongs were worth much to the practi- cal bee keeper; but I can see how those you describe might (I don't know) be very ser- viceable in shaking swarms. I should like to get reports. — Ed.] HONEY FROM PINE NEEDLES. In reading Prof. Cook's article on vege- table physiology, p. 281, in which he speaks of "great drops of delicious honey dew " on the pine foliage in the Yosemite region, I was reminded of a similar incident I once witnessed in Northern Michigan. It was in October, after severe frosts had killed all the flowers, and bees had quit work for the season. One pleasant morning I was surprised to find my bees as busy, and coming in as heavily laden as in the midst of a rich basswood flow. Of course, I was greatly surprised; but on reflection I said to myself, "Some one has cut a bee-tree in the woods near by, and the bees are gather- ing the waste honey.'" For two days the work went on, hundreds of bees dropping in front of their hives from weariness, and so heavily loaded it was difficult for them to rise. The third morning they went to work as vigorously as before. I was then satisfied it was not waste honey they were gather- ing, and started out to investigate. It was easy to follow up their line, as they all went in one direction, and kept up a con- stant roar over my head. Going about a fourth of a mile I came to a grove of young white pines from five to twenty feet high, and the mystery was solved. There on the ends of numberless pine needles hung drops of nectar, glistening in the sunlight, clear as crystal, and sweet as honey. A bee had but to alight on one of the needles, fill^its honey-sac, and depart, leaving enough;;,to supply its successor. ■_II1; In taste the nectar was deliciously sweet and pleasant. It seemed to be perfectly transparent, and must have made excellent honey. I kept bees for twenty years in the pine regions, but this was the onlj' time I ever knew honey to be gathered from pine |nee- dles. D. C. Leach. Springfield, Mo. A DRAIN-TILE HIVF-STAND. The time will soon come when hive- stands will be needed, and I want to tell about a stand that is cheap, and will not rot — one that will hold up your hive square and nice — no place for mice or moles to work; one that will not throw your hives out of level; easy to mow around; takes little space, and will last for years, and keep always in shape. It is nothing more nor less than a good smooth 12 inch drain tile, set three or four inches in the ground, leveled up, and dirt well packed around the tile. An eight- frame hive stands on it snugly and safely, and you can easily turn your gum around if you so desire. A thin board to lean up in front for an alighting-board, and the thing is complete. It is the cheapest, tidi- est, and most durable hive-stand ever yet introduced. J. W. C. Gray. Atwood, 111., Mar. 8. [Wouldn't bricks set on end in the ground be just as good and cheaper? — Ed.] THE SALISBURY HOUSE APIARY NOT A FAIL- URE AFTER ALL. On page 232 I notice you are going to drop the Salisbury house-apiary from the ABC book. Now, don't jou do it. The house apiary was all right, or nearly so. All it lacked was proper management; that is, a system suited to it and the bees. Four years ago I built a Salisbury house-apiary at an out-yard for extracted honey, and it was so much a success that two years later I built another for comb honey, which has been equally successful. I have a cellar 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 397 under the last one that winters perfectly. I have produced tons of honey in these house- apiar es. It you come up in this part of the State, I shall be g"lad to have you come and see these houses in operation, and will give you the minagement whereby I have been able to succeed. I have three apiaries containing- 2S0 colonies. Fred H. LouCKS. Lowville, N. Y., Mar. 26. [I did drop the Salisbury house-apiary, but if I had received your letter sooner I would have kept it in. I shall be pleased to look yours over if I am in your vicinity. —Ed.] that boardman honey that candifd. I note what you say on page 120, "the Boardman honey candying at last." I was much surprised, I assure you, and went at once to examine some samples of several dozen jelly-tumblers from which the one you have had exposed on the window- sill was taken, which you say was grained solid. I am pleased to say I fjund them as I expected — -in perfect condition, with- out the least perceptible change, and they have been subjected to a severe test in a winter temperature for two winters — a test which I had thought entirely satisfac- tory for all practical purposes. But how shall we account for this sample which you have reported acting so radical- ly different from the rest? It acts like a different honey; and are you quite sure that some medd.er has not been helping you, and has been tampering with the sam- ple on the window sill? I should be pleased to have you investigate further, and report. East Townsend, O. H. R. Boardman. [I am positive it is the same honey. It has not been touched by any one but my- self.- Ed. J TRANSFERRING FROM OLD BOX HIVES WITH FAST BOTTOMS. I cm buy ten or twelve colonies of bees in box hives. The boxes are m ide with b attorns nailed fast, and up in the hive a few inch- es. How would you transfer from such hives? and at what time in the spring would you do it? I understand how you would do it if that bottom was not there; but you can not get the bottom out without tearing the hive all to pieces. In that way, would it be better to use what c mb and brood I could, or would it be better to get bees out and put them on frames with full sheets of founda- tion? B. S. Adkins. Huntington, W. Va., Feb. 26. [I would suggest that you blow quite a quantity of smoke into the entrances of these hives, enouofh to subdue the bees thorough- ly; then with a cold chisel and hammer pry the bottom off. I hardly think you would find it attached to the combs; and, even if they are, a long-bladed knife will sever them. After removing the bottom, put a box or another hive on top of the old {hive, now icverteJ, with bottom off; drum on the sides until the bees go up into the box pn top. Now tear the hives apart; cut out the brood-combs and insert them into the regu- lar frames of the new hive. I would use nothing but good cards of c^mb. The pieces had better be melted up, except where they contain brood. These can be fitted into the brood frames and secured in position by winding string (the ordinary grocer's twine) around the frames, and tying. The ordinary sticks and transferring clasps I would not use. Strings are far better, be- cause the bees will gnaw them off if you should forget to do it later on. I would use full sheets of foundation next to the combs of brood. It would pay you not to use any of the old empty comb unless it contained brood. Natural-built comb i& apt to contain drone crmb, have irregular surfaces, and holes. — Ed.] CAN hives and combs IN WHICH BEES HAVE DIED BE USED AGAIN? My neighbor has 50 hives of honey in which the bees have died from exposure to the severe winter, being left on the stands. I can buy them cheap, but am uncertain what they are worth. What shall I do in order to feed them to my bees? They will most likely be candied, will they not? What can I do with them in that case? MvRON Pickering. Nevins, Wis., Feb. 23. [The hives from which the bees have died can be used by you this coming spring. We would not advise yoa to weaken your present colonies by dividing until settled warm \^eather comes on. Then shake a few bees with a queen on to the cnibs in which bees have died. If it is warm weath- er the bees will clean things up cheaper than j'ou can. — Ed ] ADULTERATED HONEY THAT DTDN'T SELL a SECOND TIME TO A CUSTOMER. On page 187 you ask for reports from dif- ferent localities about bogus honey or glu- cose sold as honey. I know three grocers who tried adulterated honey in nice glass jars. They said it was very slow sale. They finally sold it at cost, and then han- dled my honey in bottles. I see a great many of them have corn syrup and honey drips, etc., in tin cans. Of course, they sell some; but I don't think many people will buy a second can. J. M. Cutts. Montfi ornery, Ala., Feb. 26. [Yes, and the corn syrup will fail to sell after a time when consumers come to know its real character. — Ed.] sweet CLOVER FOR CATTLE AND BEES. I have twenty acres of the white sweet clover growing. It is all right for bees, and is good cattle pasture in early spring. Onawa, la. S. R. Fletcher. 398 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Apr. 15 OUR HOlviES, • BY A.I. ROOT. But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach j'ou all things, and bring all things lo > our remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you. — John 14:26. Quite a little remonstrance has come in from the dear friends who love Gleanings and God's holy word, because 1 intimated in the last issue that James might not have been inspired when he told us about heal- ing- the sick. A few have hastily decided that I meant to doubt the inspiration of James. What I did say was this: I believe Jsmes is right: but T do not believe he had divine inspiration so that he knew about these things as did God the f-ather. or Jesus the Son later on. Now, I simply doubted James' divine in- spiration in regard to the matter of healing, because it was somewhat out of his line. As I said in the last issue, the Bible is not a doctor book, but its field is a spiritual one. Paul on one or more occasions inti- mated, you may remember, that he spoke of certain things without authority ; or, if I un- derstand it, it was his individual opinion, without ihe inspiration or insight that God had given him in spiritual things. Even Jesus himself says. Matt. 24:36, that there are certain things known only to the Father — that they are not revealed even to the angels in heaven. If this is true it would be nothing strange if many of the writers should speak occasionally in the Bible of things where they had not authority, but gave only their own individual opinions. I give below a letter from a dear brother whom I visited in one of my wheel-rides in Missouri. You will notice in the outset that he rather takes me to task; but bef< re he closes he seems to stand pretty nearly where I do in regard to this matter of di- vine healing. As his reasoning seems to be based on a careful reading of the Scrip- tures, I take pleasui e in giving it here: Mr. Ront. — I read your Home talk in your Mar. 15th issue, and, the, ugh I am no minister. I must raise .some objection to some of your teaching there; and that is, in regard to James not having full authority. 1 be- lieve. Hnd am fully convinced, that all the apo-tles' writings are to be considered and accepted as fully in- spi'ed, and to be God s word, and not man's, and that Jesus wants us to accept it as si ch: and to reject their teaching means lo reject Christ's teaching— in part, at least. Christ said. "All power is given into me," meaning he had all authority, and can give that au- thoiil}i to whom oever he will. Then he said, ''Go teach " all peoples etc., meaning he gave them the authority. At another i lace be told them, •' Whoso- ever heareth you heareth me; and whoso despiseth you despi>-eth me." At another time he told them, "As my Father hath sent me. so send I you." Again, he says, " -Ve shall sit on twelve throms judging the twelve tribes of Israel '' mtaning that they shall teach forth the word of God that will be the judge of all i eo- ple. Again, '' Ye shall be mv witnessis to the ulter- mrsl parts of the earth." So they were to be his rep- resentativ> s, and Jesus was their authority and b.-ick- ing. Again. " I will send you the Comforter, who shall bring all things into remembiance that I have told you. and he shall It ad you into all truth " This lakes in all, and no qiustion ; but all the ap istles' writings are truth and nothing but truth, and perfectly in har- mony with Jesus' teachings and will. In regard to the subject you wrote on (health), etc., I will biiefly give you some of my opinion, or, better, say faith in it; and if it will give yon any light on it, all right; and if not I hope there can be no hai m done. I, too, have studied that subject coiisideraMy, and am much interested in it. I believe Chii.st did not teach health and health hints, mainly foi the reason that his wo k was still far more impoitani than leach- ing bodiK health; and he had all he could do in t< ach- ing moral and spiritual principles; but he left some- thing on this subject for us thiotigh hi apostles who were still to carry his work further, and complete what he hai begun J In regaid to healers, in the times of the apostles there were those w ho had the gift of healing; b t that this should continue to be so doubt very much; at d the scripture you quote as a text proves it. If it had been intended that all through the ages there should be those who had the gift of healing by the Hoh Spir- it, no doubt James would have said that, if any were sick, they should call the healer.s to heal them. We also see that Paul left a certain friend at one place sick, seeming that he had either lost some of his pow- er to heal or else could not heal every one. Again, Paul tell Timothy not to drink too much water or not just water (as the German makes it), but use a little wine for his stomach's sake; showing, fi'st, that he did not heal Timothy, and second that it is right and need ul for man to do what he can that will be condu- cive to his health. He did not say Timo hy should pray for his health or call for the elde s to pray; so we learn by taking ail these scriptures into considera'ion that man should use what remedies and physicians he thinks best for restoiing his health; and I think James means, in addition to this if the sicVne^s prove stub- born, and nothingseems to heli>, as is sometim- s the case, then his advice and counsel is *o call for the elders of the church to have them prav over him; and then, if it be (U d's will, the sick will be restoied; or we miyht say the elders will get faith t-^ be'ieve Go i will h' al ivhfn Gcd's .ill 's to heal. This is God honoring, and I believe it should not be neg,lectedas it is. I > ave S' en on several occasi ns — once with my mother and once with my wife — where this was done, and the .sick got along very well jet using remedies, and in the one case using surgeons, but first asking God to direct and help. In regard to the applying of oil, I am not so sure about that Your teaching on that may be right. However, I have rather thought it might be that it should be applied only 'as an emblem of help from God. ~ " I win say that all the healers I ever heard of were im posters or deceivers, anfl not irue Christians; ai.d that this deieiving doctrine of divine healing has taken considerable hold on .some of our peop'e, and lam anx- ious that it be rooted out. But this to call for eld- ers to prav over the sick is entirely different, and shows faith in God. I am glad ynur wife could be spared to yon. It seems that sickness comes sometimes just for a lesson to us. P. HOSTETLER. East Ivynne, Mo., March 23.] Another good brother takes me to task be- cause we sent for a doctor at all. He says in substance that for many years God had been his only physician, and he is now very much healthier than when he used drugs and employed doctors. I do not doubt this at all. My humble opinion is that thousands of people would enjoy better health by a similar course. As he seems to be a very candied man, I wrote back to him some- thing as follows: Dear Brother: — It is, no doubt, vour privilege to live — yes, to die — without a docti r if you choose; but if ycjur dear wife were near death would you dare to car- ry the responsibility of letting her die without calling on the best physician you know? I told him that, after the kind letter he had written me, I should be very glad to get his opinion in the matter. Here is his reply: In regard to sending for a doctor when those near and dear to me were in danger, I don't think I would unless thev in.sisted upon it. D. I, "Wagar. Hat Rock, Mich. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 399 But, dear brother, how about helpless children who are not old enoug'h to have an cpiQiou in reg-ard to the matter? I tell you, friends, it is a serious thing to neglect the aid of a skilled up-to date physician Another writer suggests that if we had doctors who were Godfearing men, temper- ate, pure minded, and devoted Christians, we who are professors of religion and mem- bers of churches could more consistently think of calling in the aid of a physician. I have often thought of this. I have some- times wondered whether we were not de- manding too much of our family physician. We expect a mmister of the gospel to be in every way a model of righteous and godly living; but when we become intimately ac- quainted with them we are pretty sure to find that even they are human. We may know a man for long years, and deem him almost a perfect sample of manhood; yet closer acquaintance, or a longer on^^, will, I was going to say invariably — perhaps I should say almost invariably — show that he has soma peculiarities, or perhaps I might say that, under certain tests, he shows himself to be frail. Now, we hardly ever expect a phjsician to be up to the spiritual standard of the minister; but I do think he ought to come pretty near it. Not very long ago I was a little vehement in declaring I would not patron ze or avail myself of a certain man's services because he had a bad record: but the manager of our business looked me square in the eye and said, ''Father, if you are going to carry out that rule you will blcck business, and deprive yourself of many great and good privileges. Again and again we need certain things done that are exceedingly important, not only to ourselves but to the world at lar^e; and the only available man is the one whom you would call, and per- haps with justice, a bad man. What shall we do?" I think it was Ernest who suggested here that vfe had better accept the good, or, in other words, put the man at work at some honest employ ment, forgetting or overlook- ing, for the time being, his past, or what may be at some time a bad record. In oth- er words, it seems to behoove us to make the best of humanity as it lies before us — encourage the good and discourage the bad, at the same time praying for divine guid- ance and inspiration, remembering the words at the head of our text. April S. — I have just returned from the convention at Traverse City and a brief vis- it to the cabin in the woods. During my absence a great pile of letters have come to hand in regard to this mntter of divine healing and Mrs. Root's recent sickness. Letters are on my desk from the advocates of every line of divine healing, from bright intelligent men and women; and my atten- tion is called to many precious Bible prom- ises that I had never before discovered or understx)d. I finally took all of these let- ters over home, and Mrs. Root and I went over them together. As each one was read we agreed that the writer must have some kind word of recognition; but as my time and strength are limited in this matter of correspondence, we tinally decided that I should thank the friends who have thus written, here on these pages. Perhaps a little later I may make extrac'rs from differ- ent letters. There is truth, without doubt, in all of them, and I believe we are all get- ting nearer together in this matter of treat- ing disease. 1 hope physicians as well as their patients will all unite in asking God to guide us in the way of all truth, for then we certainly shall eventually come on the same ground or pretty nearly so. What a beautiful world this would be if all were seekers after truth and righteousness! One great point comes out strong and clear to me in all this correspondence: That the time is coming soon when this mitter of "robbing sick people" by fraud and deceit will be, largel> at least, done away with. There is wisdom enough in this age in which we live to do away with superstition, and with what is worse still, ihe downright swindling and hypocrisy in this matter of heal'ng the human frame divine. A large number of the letters tell us of those who formerly put their faith in drugs, spending vast sums of money in going from one thing to another, like the woman mentioned in Mark 5:26, who "had spent all she had, and was nothing better but rather grew worse." There are many letters from such people, closing with the glad news thit, after they put their faith in God, and had prayerfully searched for the laws of health, they found not only health but happiness too, without medcine of any J-ind. I am sure there is a great awakening just before us — an emancipation out of darkness into light; and it is caming through the gospel of Christ Jesus our Lord and Savior. I am begining to think the Bible is considerable of a "doctor book" after all, if we search it more carefully and take it right. SOMETHING GOOD FROM THE MODERN FAR- MER AND BUSV BEE. Not long ago I suggested that Mr. Abbott, editor of the above, sometimes lets his pe- culiar zeal and fighting qualities get start- ed in the wrong direction. But now he is on the right track for sure, and we take pleasure in copying two of his recent edi- torials. OUR STATE AND COUNTY FAIRS; DRIVING OUT LIOUOR-SRLLERS, ETC. " Our fair will be clean this year." is what Ihe presi- dent of the IliinoisStdtr- Fair Association writes to the Bleeders' Gazette. Good! We are making progress: the fakir and the drunka'd maker must go. Who will be next? It is an ins It to the fa mers to announce an agiicultural show, and then fill up the grounds with saloons fakirs, and all kind-; of disgraceful semi-nude shows just as though he and his wife and children were capable of enjoying only the filihy debauijheries which cnaracterize so many agnculiural lairs. Good for Illinois! Missouri wt koines her into the ranks of the clean fair S a'es. What State will be next to banish all this filthy and di.'^gusting debauchery from its fairgrounds? I,et the good work go on until there 400 GLLAXINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 is not a State iti the Union that will dream of permit- ting anv such thing to fiad entrance into is tair gates. The whisky advertisements and the fakir must go, as must al.<-o the salojn and the tjamblers from the fairgrounds; and the sooaer they go the better it will be for the rising generation. WHISKY ADVERTISKMENTS IN THE HOME PAPERS. We learned some time ago of a gentleman who pro- tested against a prominent fruit paper carrying wnis- ky adverasements, aud the publisher wrote him siy- ing that he had known men to get rich by attending to their own bus-iness. Now, this is an old gag, but in this case it was ve'y much out of place, for the man who wanted to place some legiimate business with this paper had a pe- feet right to offer his protest against being toiced to put his advertisement in such company, and he was attendiiigstrictly to his own busmes- when he let the fact be known that he did not cotitit'-nance any such advertisements. It is true, a paper is private pTopet tj'; but it belongs to that class of piopertj' whose value is in proportion to the patronage it receives; and the people who patronize it have a right to demand that it be clean and decent in every department. Es- pecially is this true of a paper which is taken into the privacy of the home, and is resd by everv member of the family The head of the family who does not look closely to the chaiaoter of the papers which are taken into his home, for his children to read, fals to attend propeily to the most important b\isiness he has in hanri, namely, the moral and spiri.ual development of those who have a right to lo k to him for proper guidance and protection in f arlv life. We trust that the d y is not far distant when people will not dare to write such a letter to a patron. Temperance. LOCAL OPTION IN CANADA — A CORRFCTION. Dear Mr. Root: — I was much surprised to read what \ on have to .'■ay about 'local op. ion' i:i temper- ance coluu 11, GLH;.ANiNf;s. Mar.h 15 1 am no in a position to ••pfak of things as they are in Arizona; but as regaids Canada y.,ur statement concerning majority requiied to eiifoice local < piion is errotie^ us Mr Cal- ver notwithstanding. In lact. we have municipalities quite rear u» under localoption. 'ome of w' ich carried the act by only thrte or four majority. Possibly Mr. Calveit may have had in mind the itfeieiu uni sub- mit'ed to the electors of Ontario a year or so ago. In this it was stipulate<1 thnt a cert in percentage of the number of votes on the voters' list were lequired to be po led 111 Older to enforce the act. As regards ' Queen Victoria introducing such a regu- lation," 1 wr ulo say, friend Root, that no queen or king has lealiy any thing to dc with the framing of our laws, as we practically govern ourselves, even if we are not a lepublic. Just he'e I would say that we a-e anxiously awaitim developments in our local legislature, and are earnestly hoping that most strin- gent regulations will be pu on the liqunr traffic. The great majority of the electors of Ontario demand this, and are eniitled to it, as, both times the qurstion has been submitted to the people, the prohibitionists have won by a large n ajority. By the way Mr. Root, it is rather amusing to see how coriespordents from this side of the line are al- ways credited with "Canarla" as their address. It is possible to travel in any one dirrction for hundreds of miles and be in "Ontario ' all the time, not say any thing about Nov* Scotia, British Columbia, Manetoba, etc. It would seem very vag"e. even to ns Canucks, to speak of Mr. A. I. Root. Medina. United Slates. .Allow me to speak with appreciation of your Home depariment Nearly all the bee journals come to our home, and Gleanings is one of them most eagatly looked for. J. L,- Byer. Markham, Ont.. March 21. Friend B., I am"' exceedinsfly oblig-ed to 30U for settiog us right. Before you close, however, you admit, if I am correct, that, although the majority in ycur country are in favor of local option, like your brethren in the United States, by some means or other you do not get it. We have just had a sweeping victory here in Ohio over the brewers and saloonists, on the mitter of resident local option. The saloons of OhlD are all to be banished from neighborhoods where the majority of people want them banished. Of course, we are exceedingly glad to know that we were mistaken about Canada; but how about that young sister of ours — Arizona? Is it only local, or is it the rule all over the State that it takes two temper- ance votes to offset the vote of one beer- drinker? Tobacco Column. TOB.'iCCO FROM A BUSINESS STANDPOINT. A large business firm in a western city wanted a young man for a special purpose. Sixteen applicants for the position were on hand at the appointed time. Among them was Mr. Gray Newark, whose parents live at Cadillac, Mich. The position was a good one, with a large salary; but their re- quirements were su^h that none but fi st- class m n would probably apply for it. When young Newark saw the fifteen other stylishly and expensively dressed boys with patent-leather shoes, gold watches, etc., he felt a little diffident in regard to his plain and simple work-day su t, etc. When it came his turn to be in'erviewed, one of the first questions was, "Do jou use tobacco in any shape or manner, and have you ever used it? " The young man was able to reply that he had never usetf it at all, and never expected to. Of course, a good many might claim as much in order to deceive the questioner, and, perhaps, would form the purpose of breaking off then and there to get the posi- tion. Young Newark said, however, that his questioner kept his eye on him so keen- ly that he felt as if he would read him through and through, and decide whether he told he truth or not. Right here is a point I wish to emphasize for the boys. Many of you may have a mistaken notion that an untruth will pass current at such a critical moment; but I can say from many years of experience in hiring hands that a sharp up-to-date employer is seldom deceiv- ed in a } oung man. Sometimes in our busi- ness here an applicant comes before the members of our firm. Well, I have noticed frequently that, when some applicant at- tempts to deceive us, we all recognize by his talk and actions that he is untruthful. W^hen we get hold of an honest boy or a oung man, his looks and actions, and the ring of his voice, tell almost unmistakably to all present that he is honest and straight. A man's character and habits are usually stamped more or less on his forehead. But let us go back to our young friend Newark. The next question was something like this: ' ' If you have never used tobacco, proba- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 401 bly Tou have in like manner abstained from all intoxicatinfj liquors." Of ciurse, Mr. Newark could answer in the affirmative. After he had been with his employers about a \ear they wanted a man to travel to visit the leading- drygoods stores of the United States. Of course, the first trip would be with an old hand. Then the firm addressed him something' like this: " Mr. Newark, when we send you out in- to the world among- strangers you will be exposed to temptations you have not met here ; and did we not believe you would carry yourself as straight away from home as you do here, we would not think of ex- posing- 3'ou to such temptations. We be- lieve, however, that your principles are so rooted and grounded that we shall incur no risk in giving you this position; otherwise we should not think of asking you to take it." Once more this j'oung man was promoted away ahead of his fellow- clerks, with a salary corresponding. He is to travel in Pullman cars, put up at high-priced hotels, etc. ; but he is expected to carry his temper- ance principles along with him wherever he goes Do you see the point, boys? Such a little thing as a decision in early life that he would have nothing to do with tobacco seems to have fixed his future. So far as I am informed, his employers did not ask him if he was a professing Christian or a mem- ber of the church; but my impressions would lead me to believe that the \oung man who has built up character on such a basis would, as a rule, seek to be allied with church people, an Endeavor Society, the Y. M. C. A., etc. Now, boys, does it pay to learn to use to- bPHCCo when you know nothing about it? This drygoods firm I have mentioned is not particularly different from others that pay large salaries for first-class men throughout this whole wide world. ELECTROPOISE, OXYDONOR, ETC. There are still a few who urge that, so long as the above traps do good, why not let them alone? on the principle that, "where ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to be wise." To all such, let me put it this way: A counterfeit ten dollar bill may do good. It may pay honest debts, purchase needed food, clothes, etc. Then why not let it alone ? Because it is a counterfeit. And in a like manner, Electropoise, Oxydonor, etc., are counterfeits. I am sure I have given sufficient proof of this. The venders put Electropoise out with the claim that it is a scientific apparatus. It is not scien- tific, and it is not an apparatus. Their claims are lies, just as much as is the claim of the man who says the counterfeit bill he manufactured is a good one. Am I not right ? THE INTERNAL "WATER CURE. Mr. A. T. Root: — As I have been benefited by your Health Notes, I feel impelled to contribute an idea that may be of help lo others Having suffered all my life from consjeiiital hernia I am constantly on the lookout for any thing that will relieve consti) ation. Your idea of a tube and a bucket of water was at once tried, and found to be a great help at times. I soon found, as yon did, that I sometimes needed something to reach the higher hovel. Tfien I began experiment- ing with hot water, salt water, cold water, etc.. with- out any benefit. Then I procureii a longer t\ibe and raised the bucket, and found at once I had just what I wanted. As it require Quincy, III. V1GIQRIGU5 IOWA: (I A good name for the Iowa Round Tncu ' bator that so often out-hatches its keenest competitors. Any ques- tions! Ournewcatalogueanswers them all. It is free— send for it. lotva Incubator Co. Box 197, Des Moines, i^-M All Business No hazard, no experiTiieiting. You hatch the most and brood the best with The Successful Both incubat'>r aid bi' iiavepriiven their way. Prom (it shipmentof Ka^tern orders irom our liufTrilo house Incubator Catalog free, wi i h Poultry Catilog incts. Des Moinos Incb. Co., Depl. 603 , Des Moines, la. — ■■■IHIIIIIIIIHlllM IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIUBI IMIIHIIilMim III— :\m^ ..>::::: $ I r%.30 For I ^ 200 Egg « INCUBATOR Perfect in construction an action. Hatches every ferii egg. Write for ciitalog to-iia. GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy. III. CYPHERS' MODEL INCUBATORS "]\Iodel" is the name that should be on the Incubator and Brooder vou buy this season. Why? They're made by CJyphers— tlie man who has built the most successful, world-famous hatchers. The free cataloLC will interest you. Write for it now and U'arn how to make mo'iev. CHA3. A. CYPHERS, 39-47 HENRY ST., BUFFALO, NEW YORK 20 YEAR GUARANTEE Goes with the old original I'rairie State Incubators and Brooders. U.S. Govern- ment uses them exclusiyely. Have won 382 first prizes. Our free catalog interests poultry ; raisers. Send for it. ' PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATOR CO. ' Honker City, Pa. This is ill® Limit A Hot Water. Self-Regulating, 60 epg Incubator !- !..'>(). Si.OJ and up for r>roode:s. Allon30DAT:.S' TKIAL,, Noagenis. Vou pay no midd en'en's profits. See catalogue for "lOU^ liatches. Write BUCKEIE INCU3AT0R COMPANY., Box 64 . Springfield, Ohia POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. 32 TO 61 PAGES. The 20lh Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated. 50c yr., shows readers now lo succeed with Pi ultry. Special Introductory Offer. 3years60cts; 1 year25cts; i months trial lOcts. Stampsacceptf d. Sample copy free. H8 page illustrateo practical lUitry book free to yearly eubscribers. Catalogrue jf poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co., fegfiei^.o. This Lightning Uce Killing Machine kills all lice and mites. No injury to birtis or feathers. Handles any fowl, smallest chiek to laru'e^t ^'obbler. Made in three eizes Pays for Itself firat season. Also Li-/ kfniti'j Li'-e Killhig powder. Poultry liita. Lice Murder, etc. We aecure special low express rate.''. Cataloj mailed free. Write ror Ik CHARLES SCHILD, Ionia, Uich. lOfOOO Plants fori 6 Wore t.'ardi'ns and farms are planted to .^alzer'8 bet'US tli;iii any otlier in A nierii-a. There is re:;son for tlup. \\'e o«n and operate over StOO acres for*" the production of our warranted seeds. In order to induce you to try them, we make you the following unpre- cedented offer: Fof 16 Cents Postpaid 1000 Kiirlr, Mpdhini and Lale Cabbages, , 2000 11,'licinus, Carrots, 2000 lll.incbiiigCeliTv, 2000 KU'h Niilt^ Lettuce, 1000 Splondld Oniuns, 1000 Hare LusciouH Kadishrs, 1000 (ilorlous'}' lirilliaiit Kliitrera. A hove seven packages contain suffi- cient seed to grow ICtX^o plants, fur- nisliingbuxliels ofbrillhintlluners and l3ts and lots of choice vegeta- bles.togetlier with our greatcatalog, j telling all about Flowers, Knsps, Small Fruits, etc., all for If.c in stamps and this notice. JMam- nioth 140-page catalog alone, 4c. JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO., F. La Crosse, Wis. 1904 CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 403 ACME Pulverizing HARROV Clod Lrusher and Leveler >F- The be«t pul\cii/ I ai (I < Ilea I p t "^ \ Riding Harrow on e iMl A\ I al o "■ liial ( wall in^ Acmes. TIieAcmocni lies cut'- piih r- i/^s turn', and levels nil >. K toi tIi i m pi. r« Alade f ci^t stctl 1 (1 \\r u'-ht iioi Indestructible. Cant AH Tr^S^I ''^ Ijeretinned ut m exptn'-eir Ijoiklet "An Ideal Harrow" by Henry Stewart Dialled fr^e, 1 deliver f.o b. New Vort, I'liic^itro. I oliimbus, liouis- viUe, Kansas City, Dlinneapnlis, San FrniH-isco. D'JANE H. NASH, Sole Mfr., Mfilington.N. J. "mnch Hmises: 11(1 Washin^fonSt., Chicago S'in.H4 7th Ave. South. Minneannli,. ISIHW ?■!, Street Kan.iasCitv. !?1 .'i E . Jefferson St. . fr,liASE MENTION THIS PAPElt. DEATH TO BUGS worms and all UintiM of vcsetable insect pests ii'>ou use our Acme Powder Gun I^!c^e':l^lcet'^y. ins; dry poison to Potatoes. Tobacco, etc. Works under as well as over, dusts every part of every leaf. Uses less because it wastes none. If your dealpr don't have it send his nana and ^il.OO; we'll deliver oharces paid. Write for Catalogue and Booklet, " The Acme of Potato Profit.'* Potato Implp- ment Co., Bux20 1 Traverse City, lUlcb. \ ughatfiTwenly'SeVeiitli Annual Catalogue Covering Ihe four Greal Dapartmenfi' of GanJen'm^ Mailed FREE to all buyers of Garden Seeds. Flower ieeds. Greenhouse Hants. Shrubs and Hardy Plants, write now, Vau§han.s ^eed-itore 84-86 aandolph 3t.. CHICAGO. •14- Barclay' St. NEW YORK- V— ^ brings fruits and flowers. We make the right appliances. Special adapta- tion to every need. HAND, BUCKET, BARREL KNAP- SACK and POWER SPRAYERS. 20 styles. N'ozzles, huge. atta-:hment8.forDiulaB. everysprayingacceeBury. Write lor free catalog. Tlie Deming Co., Salem, O. W>nf.-r7i A enrs,/i t' >nn .^ llubbeU. Chicago. To WeawltK The farmer who is n.akiiigthe most profit now-a-dajs is t'-:e farmer who is making the ino^tcl nodern equip- ment. In this tc'U find Siroanberg^ Carlson Teiophones direct wires to wealth. The reasons for this are tersely told in our boolc F-36 "Telephone Facts fcr Farmers," sent free. Address nearest office. Stromberg - Carlson Tel. Co. Rochester, N, T.— Clilcaeo, 111. SPRAYPUMPS 'The Pump That Pumps SPRAY PUMPS Double-actin?,Lift. Tank and Spray «... vjrPUMPS ^^^'^nB'^^?« store Ladders, Etc. YIMcShahools Glass ^ ^Valva ofallWnds. Write for Circulars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel roller bearings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown on the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buv in quantity. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland. - Ohio. ;AVE YOUR BACK Save time, horses, work and money by using an ^f I Electric Handy Wagon Low wheels, broad tires. No I living man can build a better. Book on "Wheel Sen-^e" free. j'::e:'rcWhe°IPo. Px95. Ou'ncy.lll. THE 4-LEAr CLOVER Cream Raiser, Don't mix. Has utmost cooling snrlace. Inner can quKkiy reiiiov- aliie. No water needed in winter. C'ukl air chainher over whole can. \'ery easy to clean. Patent faucets and m.nny other f'-^^irahle features described in our FREE catalogue. FLYMOl'TII MFG. CO., Plymouth, Ohio. I fit LhUWIl for cmting green bonei. For the poultryman. Best in the world. Lowest in price. Send for circular and tegU- monialB, VVUaon Bros., EASTOA, PA. 404 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 2-fcix.i^£ bi- - - u t = W)0 i -^ "^ — I- -T ^ "' ' '-^ ,^ ^ -• >;p eij '. o oj ^- •- ■-/ ■" X ,S s; •" ^ _ s -^ ,■". ti) — .„ '-•;'-< 1; — CO .n '— S " ^ *j o U ^-S o o X c .i B 0 _o C 2 "5. < H (T. K ■^ < « a H X >, X Oj M 5 >, • 5 a> CO 5- 3 "o U 5 S a CO 5 !c (LI > tj CO a CO J= E o o 3 ^ CO 0 X J2 E CO •^ CB C ■*t' S 13 a; CO « j:: il - -C e c: n u 0 CO bC CO {/I CO X ^ « U ^ u 3 ^ O > >. u 0 Q "C IB a ^ c u o CO o .i "2 ji c jj 1- _- M-S KTa'coSr;'?-:'-^ « •r " i "U A.H «■" i ^ 1 '^■■n: ^ V ^ rt ^ dj ■_ -" x ? « .Ef ^.S E " "S CO - "^ 5 ■^' -^ t2 " "* c .E, ^ ''" c^ricol^. CO "- cn ■"— 1- v" S t^-OM -cox 3-a^ 3; U 3 j7o S.M CO ^•fi'-i'^i-cffeo S!S X - I* r 0, en « a *- n 4/ E_^'a 3.^0011 ^"'--3 c ™ n 0-- cj— oj*'" £ (0 a £ 2 o o as? 2 o -r 01 O u> o I- •- .S£ « o i !r o 2 ^ j; 3 « 3ii ^T) i! »' i! a 5 1* ■- S 0-11 =« fe •'- ^ O-xl U5 Si's ^ O ■" i^ -' m^ 0 0.2 ii .2 5 CO :.->.t; M O £ CO > 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 405 Walter S. Pouder. Established 1889. Bee= keepers' UDDlies. Distributor of Root's Goods from the best shipping point in the Country. My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Co., and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee Smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact, everything used by Bee-keepers Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. Investigate its merits. A 01 page book telling all about it with many valuable jdeHS about producing comb honey will be sent for a two cent stamp I am anx- ious that you do not pU'-e vour order fo- supplies till you have examined ny new catalog. I make QU \LtTY and RRt^IAISI [^I PY of goods the main issue, as mariy of you know, and I have ne -er found it ne essary to cut the price in or- d »r to ci ripete wit i iriferior go )ds My prices a^e, howr-ver, as low at thev can be made and still maintain the present high standard of quality. My business has had a wondt rful growth and I am occupying lari;er quarters with the largest --tock that I have ever carried. I take good care of my customers and that is one reason why my busines'^ grows, but, to be modest about the mat- ter, the greatest reason for thi- growth can be attritnited to the quality of goods that I am handling. Bee-keepers, I believe, wmt the est and would not be satisfied with anyihing else. Get Root Quality from Indianapolis and you will be more than satisfied. :: :: ;; - A Sample Letter. Newman, Ills., Mar, 11, 1904. Waltkr ,S. Pouder, Indianapoli':, Ind. Dear 5/>. — Kind order enclosed which you may ship as early as convenient You may wonder why I did not c der more hives; I will explain t^i you that I bought .50 hives and a lot of sections la^t fall from another firm. I did this be- cau-e they offered the goods at the old prices. I do not like the hives, and thought I had better return to the fold. Truly yours, C. F. Bender. Beeswax Wanted. I',pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, alway.« being sure to attach your name on the package. ' My large illustrated catalog is free, and I shall be glad to send it to you WALTER S. POUDER, 513=515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. *5!j^;mii5^i^5i5**^^^>g^^^^^^^jij^^^^^^*^ 406 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 lA Golden Italian and Leather Colored, QUEENS Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by puirin=the=Queen=Breeder. We guarantee every queen sent out to please you, or it may be returned iuside or t>0 aays. and another will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long=tongued Red=CIover Breeders in the United States. We s-end out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe deli%'ery to any State, continental island, or European Countiy. The A.. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our f^tock, from time to time. Dr. J. I,. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., says that he secured over 400 pounds of honey (mostly comb), from single colonies contain. ng our queens. We have files of unsolicited testimonials, but space forbids giving any here. We employ 400 swarms in queen-rearing, the business is a specialty with us. We expect to keep 600 to 1200 queens on hand. Early in the spring, when the weather is cool queens will be shipped form the South. Parkertown, O., was our postoffice, but we have changed to Bellevue which has 13 mails each way daily. (No more of our queens will be jerked from a crane.) Our new circular now ready to mail. ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO Price of Queens Before July First. I 1 6 12 Select I SI 00 I $5 to I $9 ( 0 S" Tested 150' 8 00 | 15 00 ~ .Select Tested 2(0 10 CO I 18 00 Breeders 4 00 Straight Five-band Breeders 6 00 Palestine Queens 2 00 10 00 | IS 00 Two-comb Nuclei, no queen.. 2 50 14 00 I 25 10 Full Colony on eight frames.. 6 00 ?.0 00 Four fr's brood, 4 fr's fdn.... | 5 00 j 25 00 | Special low price on Queens and Nuclei in 50 and 100 Lots. SuperiorStock Quirin=the=Queen=Breeder, Bellevue, o. | 1^1^ ■^i^^»^^i>^9>;^i^^s»^^;2' '!&''!&■ ■sis' '!i5'Si5'&'^ Choice Queens for 1904- We are again offering queens of the best stock ob- tainai le. All breeding- jueens are selected, first, for superior honey produciion, and pleased customers are constantly sending in reports like the following: Georgiana, Fla., Jan. 29, 1904. The untested queen I got of you last March was a daniiy. I raised about all my queens from her, and they are all far ahead of the common run. Lki.and Baldwin. Toronto Can., April S, J 903. I am well pleased with your stock, my ordering again is proof of their qualities. They proved gen- tle and were good workers. Hoping that you can fill my order, I am yours truly, Thos. Aikins. Unlestfd queens of Golden or Leather Italians, or Carniolans, warranted pare, fl (Oeach, $9.00 per dozen. Tested, $1 25 each, $12 00 per dozen. GEORGE J. VANOE VORD, Daytona, Fla. HONEY QUEENS I shall continue breeding those fine queens for the coming season of 1904. Meantime I shall carry over a large number of queens in nuclei with which to fill orders the coming winter and early spring. I am breeding the Holy I0 years. Write for catalog telling how to rear queens, and keep bees for profit. THE SOUTHLAND QUEEN, $1.00 per year. The Jennie AtcKley Co., Box 18, Beeville, Tex. If tlie BEST Q^ieens are wKat you want. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than 11HJ(J fine queens in slock ready for eariy orders. We guarantee satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and live banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queen-:, |1.50 each ; 6 for §7.tXI, or $12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-bandi d Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. KW others $1.00 each for straight breeders of their sect._ Untested queens from either race, 90 cts.each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address The Bee ar\d Horsey Klo (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Tex. Tei\i\essee Queens. Daughters of select imported Italians, select long- tongue (^loore'si. and select golden, bred 3J^ miles apart, and mated to select drones. No impure bees within three and but few withiti five miles. No dis- ease; 31 years' experience. All mismated queens re- placed free. Circular free. Safe arrival guaranteed. JoHn M. Davis, iSnrin^ Hill, Tenn. OUR specialties: Cary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hive and Supers, Roofs Sections, Weed Process Foundation, and Bingham Smokers. :: :: •: ■: Bees an.cl Qtieerks ixi tHeir >Seasox\. 32>pa^e Catalog^ Free W. 'W. CAR.Y (a SON, Lyonsville, Mass.== ^ ^ ^ Doolittle Says: ^ ^ ^ " Be very choice of this Breedt r; if ever a Queen was worth $100. she is." Then we have Breeders from our strair that pave the big \itlds in '94, and which some of the largest beekeepers in Ciiba say can't be heat. They swa'm but little and are honey getters. We are brter'ing for honey gatherers more than color We cull our cells and queens, and warrant queens purely mated. Piice>: Seltct unttsted, Jl.OO; select, 81.25 te ted. $1.60; select, $i 00 breeders, tS 00, $4 00, and $5 00. Circulars free. J. B. CASE., Port Orange, Florida. Leather Colored Italians For Sale ! strain tcok first premium Minnesota State Fair. 1901 and 1902 Rtariy May 1st. E ght or nine frame I,ang- strolh hives, $5 00; ten frame, $6 00 each, f. o. b. Milaca. W. R. ANSELL, Mille Lacs Apiaries, MILACA, niiNN. Queens for vSale DEST Golden and I,eather Colored Italian Queens. ^ UniesK d, 75c each ltsted,|1.50 Holy land Queens, best for Southwest, $100 for warranted'; $1 50 tested. Breeders, 83 00 to :^ 00 each. -Slone Bee Company,- iSlone, Lra. 408 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted under this head at 15 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, and you must SAY you want your advertise' ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is i)itended only for bona-fide ex changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notice? offering articles for sale, will be charged our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " Bwapa." w w ANTED.— Bees. State quantity, lowest cash price, etc. F H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston, Ma^s. \VANTH;d— Apiary, middle North; buy or lease ""^ C. S Downer, Pomona, Mo. ANTED— To do your typewriting Write me for prices. H. F. Carl, Zoo Park, Washington, D C. ANTED. — To pay cash for full colonies of bees on I,, fames. L. H Robev. Worthineton. W. Va. ANTED. —Wax for White Wyandotte and Leg- horn eggs, and 6-inch foundation mill. Box 37, Altamont, N. Y. w w w w ANTED — To exchange five-gallon can of pure honey for its equal quantity of maple .«vrup W. H. Yenney, Glassboro, N. J. ANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, and uncappingcan, for honey. Root's goods. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. ANTED. -To exchange 60 lb cans for honey, cash, or offers. No 1 at 50 cts. per ca«e; N). 2 at 40 cts. G. ly Bdchanan, HoUiday's Cove. W. Va. VVANTED.- One hundred barrels of good horserad- "" ish. State price, quality, and nearest railway station. M. H. Tweed, 1125 Penn Ave., Pittsburg Pa. ANTED.— Refuse from the wax extractor, or slum- gum. State quantity and price. Orel L,. Hekshiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. I^ANTED. — To exchange gilt edged extracted honey ^^ in 60 lb. cans for new maple sugar and syrup, from first runs. B Walker, 3000 Michigan Ave., Flat 73 Chicago, Ills. w w VVANTRD — To exchange for offers, a6-horse engine, "' 10 horse boiler, lOfrgallon copper kettle; saw- mandrel; 2 circular saws; 6-in. foundation-mill etc. Chas. H. TeiES Chester, 111. VVANTED. — To exchange catalog describing the best "' hive in existence, a double-walled hive for only 20c extra, for your name and address T. K. Massie, Tophet, W. Va. VV^ANTED — Bees in Dovetailed or Langstroth hives, '" full colonies in the immediate vicinity of Chicago. Write promptly, stating number of colonies offered, condition, price at which they will be delivered in Chicago, etc. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. VVANTED — To sell for 8400, 100 colonies of bees with '^ plant for carrying on the business. Plant consists of extractor, smoker, queen-excluder, honey boards, bee-escapes, extracting cmbs. etc. The bees are iii double- wal'ed hives, and have been wintered on their summer stands. Easily prepared for shipment. Five minutes from railway station. Chas. Faville, South Wales, N. Y. Help Wanted. \VANTED.— Assi.'tant with some experience who is "' willing to bach, one to three miles out. State ex- perience and salary. Thos. Stanley & Son, Manzanola, Colo. Situations Wanted. W ANTED.— Situation to start 1200 to 1800 colonies in Cali'orniaou contract in California. Queen-Breeder, Box 101. New Castle, Cal. Y^ANTED. — A position as book-keeper. Correspon- ' ' dence solicited. Gernal B. Slawson, Greenville, Mich. Addresses Wanted. W^ANTED. — Your name and address, for circular of bee- veils, veil matfri sis bee-gloves, and queen, cages. Arthur Rattray, Almont, Mich. yVANTED.— Your address on a postal for a little '" book on Queen-Rearing. Sent free. Address Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass. WANTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the ^^ truth about it by subscribing for the Havana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havana. 81 00 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale. — Black and hvbrid queens. 30 cts. each. E A. Simmons. Fort Deposit, Ala. For Sale.— Red Clover and Italian Queens Send for circular. G. Routzahn, BiglervtUe, Pa. For Sa' e. — 300 colonies bees, good h^use and seven acres aifalfa. W. C Gathright, Las Cruces, N. M. For Sale.— 140 colonies in 8-frame L. hives for $:-!.50. T. H Waale .Sara. Clarke Co., Wash. For '^ale— White Leghorns, extra laying strain, cockrels and hens ; eggs, 81 50. Reference, bank. P. Hostetler, East Lynne. Mo. For Sale.— Single-comb White Leghorn eggs from extra laying strain. 15 81 00 30, 81 75 100. $4.00. C. M. WoOLVER, Richfield Sp ings, N. Y. For Sale.— .57 New AE5 8 fr. Ro it's Dovetailed hives in flat for 855.00. or 10 for $10; also 10 new 2S 8-frame supers in flat for 83 50. R. S. Chapin, Marion, Mich. For Sale. — Five-gallon square tin can used for hon- ey, at about half price ot new cans. For prices etc., address Orel L. Hershispr, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale. — 5000 L. extracting combs, in first-class condition, at 10 c each. Also 200 8 trame painted bodies at 2.5c. H. & W. J. Manley, Sanilac Center, Mich. For Sale. — Leather colored Italian bees, with a tested queen in each colony, at $6 00 per colony. Good strong swarms. In lots of ten $5 00 each. No dis- ease. F. A. Gray, Redwood Falls, Minn. For Sale — New empty redwood hive bodies for 10 L- frames, 30 c. each; Dovetailed sugar-pine t-odies, 28c each; also Hoffman fiames. H. Vo(;elf.r. 210 Davis St., San Francisco, Cal. Ci UBBiNO Offers — Modern Farmer, Western Fruit Grower. V'ick's Family Magazine or Poultry Gazette, and GLEANi.V(iS, all for $1 00. First three 50 cents. Write for others Modern Farmer, St Joseph. Mo. For Sale.— Apiarian outfit of .small house and acre of land with 200 colonies Italians in Dovetailed hives, in best white-clover part of Minnesota (also basswood and goldenrod); to b buyer of the lot, colo- nies at $4.00, and accessories at one-half li.st price; combs 20c a square foot. X Y Z, Gleanings. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 409 For Sale. — A limited amount of gfinseng sets. C. G. Marsh, Kirkwood, Broome Co., N. Y. For Sale. — Two-fnme n>iclf-i pure Italian bees with tested red-clover queen, S2 25 each. Address W. J. Forehand. Fort Deposit, Ala. prFOR S.-VLK — My apiary outfit consis'ing of Dove- tailed-hive bodies fille t with frames of comb: honey and wax extractors, comb-buckrts and other fixtu'es Will fill orders as received ui til sold Saw mill well located almost new. Also good farm well located. All for sale cheap. B. J. Cross, Auburn, Alabama. For Sale. — An apiary and farm, consisting of 120 acres good grazing land, and only fifteen minutes' walk frotn the city of Cardenas, and on the public roai: havingon said place 350 hives ( \.raerican system), all lec ssary supplier to handle these, good house on ground-, numerous fruit-trees, plenty of shade for bees, thirty odd head of cattle raised on the place, among these six fine American milch cows (Hol-tein stocki selling nice little amount of milk daily, good- ridiui saddle-horse, ox wagon with fine yoke oxen in fine con lition, two good water wells large pine-apple grove now n-nducing. and with capacity to plant, if required. 60 fOO henequen plants. S' 11 for cash, or on time with satisfactory guarrantee. Address American Bee Hive, i". O. Box 41, Cardenas, Cuba. A branch office in new YORK CITY. In order to give better attertion to rur large export trade, and to .^eive better the local trade of the vicini- ty of New York, we have just opened an office at 44 Vesey St.. where we w II have a full line ot supplies within a few days Our friends in New York and vis- iting beekeepers are invited to call there, see our stoik. and make the acquaintance of our Mr. F. H. de Beche. We are only a block and a half west of Broadway, and one below the postofBce. AIKEN honey-bags. We did not include these bags in our catalog this year because we wanted to see them mote generally tested in different sections of the country, and i roven a satisfactory package everywhere before doing so. We are prepared to supply them, and have arranged for a 1 lb .'■ize in addition to the four other sizes j-old htrttofore We are not yet supplied with the 1 lb. size, but txptct to have all five sizes in abundance by June at the latest. We have orders in for 175 100 bags, t.nd ttie prices in various quantities will be as follows: 100.. 500.. 1-LB. 'size, '3^x5^. 10(X) . 3.0J 2 LB. SIZE, 5x7^. ion 8 .W 500 3 75 1000 7 00 5L0t)(aJ 6.60 3J4 lb. SIZE, 6i9^. 100 |I 00 501 475 1000 8 75 5000@ 825 S5 50 5000 @. 5.25 5 LB. SIZE, 7x10. 100 f 1 20 500 5.50 1000 10 50 5UO0(gi 10 00 1(1 lb. SIZE, lOxlOK. 100 $ 150 5n0 7.00 1(00 13 5) 5000 @ 13 00 We will print in name and address of producer or dealer, in < iffcrent quantities, at the folio iving sched- ule of price-- for any size: IvOls of ino 30cts. I^otsof 250 ,50 cts. I^otsof 500 75 cts. L,otsofl000 fl.OO. For each additional 1000, add 50 cents. Each change of name and address counts as a separate order. For instance. lOt'O bags printed with four different names and addres-es, 2.5ii of each, would be $2 0;); with ten different names $3.(K), etc. As the bigs must be print- ed before they are made up and coated, we can not change the label except in lots of 10 (WO or over We have some p'ain 21b size of dark drab paper which we can furnish plain at $2 00 per lOt'O less than pri :es quoted above, or we can print a smaller special label in one color at above rat s extra for printing. CAN-SCREW WRENCH. Many have had trouble in loosening the cap on can- screws, and have felt the need of an effective wrench for the purpose Here we have it, as shown in cut above. We are having a supply made, and will he prepared soon to furnish them at 10c each, to fit 1^- inch can screw The .same size may be bent so as to wark on 1% : , we can serve you. Our queens are large, healt"y, and prolific, from our reliable strain of three-b nd Ila iins, whirh all bee- keepers know to be the honey gat herers. Our queens are all select. Choice te>-ted queens $1 CO each; $12.00 per dozen; untested queens 7.5c each, $8.00 per dozen. Send for price list. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LOUISIANA. QUEENS FOR 1904 and^eSVqueens] tC""""""^ ■ "■■ ■»'»' ■ untested, in April and May, 81.00 each ; six for $5.00. Tested, in March and April, $1.25 each ; six for $7 00. Orders by return mail. Am booking orders for early delivery. Sold 1800 last Vfar. Can fill all orders, no-matter how large. DANIEL WURTH, Karnes City. Karnes Co., Texas. Mention Gleaninos in your order. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honey sections, comb toundatio-i and such other articles >ised in the ai)iarv. H-^ijte for price list. A. ^V. S'UTAN (SI. CO. Centralia, Kan, Our Ten-Thousand Dollar Beekeepers" supply niannfac'iiring pl-nnt is readv for business. Sevd for puce list. MONDEl^C MIFC. COVIPANY, 147-149 Cedar Lake Road, Minneapolis. Minn. MarsHfield Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in. the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. TShe MarsHfielcl Ma.x\iifacturing Comparxy, MarsJKileld, MTis. Kretchmer Manfc. Co. Box60, RED OAK. IOWA. EE- SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- » ety of everv thing needed in the apiary, as- ) suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, ) and prompt shipment. We want every ? bee- keeper to have our FREE Ilyl^USTR AT- ?ED CATAI^OG, and read description of r Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. 1 4®=- WRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. I Tre^ter Supply Company. L,incoln, Neb. Shu^art & Ouren. Council Bluffs, Iowa. 1. H. Mjer-, Lamar i-ol. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 411 IVIoro Room, iVI S-toolc We now o:cupy the greatest floor spac<", and carry the larg- est stock ot goods, that we ever did before. Our specialty is Wholesale and Retail Lewis' Goods AT C. M. Scott & Co., 1004 E Wastiington St Factory Prices. Dovetailed hives, Wiscon-^in hives, Criampion Chaff hives. Improved Langstroth Simplici- ty hives, and our new hive which we call the Acme hi^fe. Th-)u<-ands of pounas of comb foundation: mill ons of sections in about 30 different sizes and styles, and everything the bee- keeper needs. Also a full line of Hoosier Incubators and Brooders. Do not fail to find out all about THE ACME HIVE. Hundrels of them already sold, this year. Catalogs and pi nty of informition free. Let us estimate ou your order. Indianapolis, Ind. Perfect Goods ! f o>v Prices ! j^ V? A Customer Once, A Customer Always. ^^ We manufacture BEE-SUPPIvIES of all kinds. Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published ^6c Ameri- can Bee-Reeper (monthly, 50c a' year). The best mai^azine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. addr.e:ss 5>6c W. T. Falconer Mfg'. Company, W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. Jamestown, N. Y. 412 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 Somehow the report got out that The A. I. RrotCo.'s manufacturing plant had burned, and we are be- ginning to hear from our agents and dealers. We are very glad to inform our readers that it is a mi'-take; that our plant is intact, and is operating in every de- partmem full blas-t and over time. We have had no fire for about a year, and even that did not delay us for more than two hours. THE HUBB.ARD BEE-HIVE CO. This company, who succfeded G. K. Hubbard at Fori Wayne. Ind., and manufactured the Hubbard hive, burned out a few weeks ago; and. not wishing to re- build, I hey have .■-old out to us their business and good will. All letttrs addressed to them are foiwa ded here. We are not prepared as yet to supply the Hub- ba'd hive, as we are t( o much crowded with orders for our regular styles, but shall be pleased to luinish iht ir customers with such goods as we are prepared to sup- ply- COMB FOUNDATION MACHINES. We have some improvements in comb foundation machines to offer at this time. We have had under construe ion for a year or two past a new machine for cutting the rdls ot the foundation mills automatica ly. This m.~ chine is built much stronger and heavier than the old one; and while requiring less attention on the part of the operator, it will do more accurate work and do it in le's time. But the most important new feature which we have al.so developed in connrction with the new machine is the punch which forms the cell formers on the rolls We are able with the new punch toget a more perfect- ly shaptd cell wi h base ot uniform thinness, and as near the shape of natural comb as it is possible to at- tain. Moreover, there is no sharp ragged edge left on the cell-formers, so that the foundation comes from the rolls much more freely than from mills made with the o'd style punch. All mills numbered fromSOOOand up are made with the new-style punch. PERFORATED ZINC. We have built an entire ly new machine for perforat- ing queen excluding zinc and have a carload of sheet zinc already on hand to use in the new machine. It will take sheets S'2 inches wide, where the old one takes 28- inch zinc. The new sheets will be 32X9t) instead of 28x96 and will go in at the same price. The holes are a little closer together; in fact, just as close as the i Id Tinker zinc. We have had an increasing number of orders for boards 16x20. and as we had to pay extra for sheet zinc 28 inches wide over that which is 32, we decided to build the new machine wide enough to take 32 inch zinc. We expect to have smoother perfora- tions. Me do rot exacth' reduce the price, but, rath- er thsn change the basi of prices at this season we do- nate the ext'a 4-inch >trip on lull sheets reserving the right to fill orders out of stock with 28x96 so long as stock in the hands of our dealers lasts. Boards 16x20 will be $1.60 lor 10. Other regular sizes listed are not changed in price. BUSINESS COMPARISONS. Business continues to increase, as shown by a few comi,ari.'ons. In the three months of this calendar year we have shipped 53 carloads against 49 during ihe same period last year. Totalcars to April 1, thisx e^r's bu.siness, from Sept. 1, 100 against 85 in the .<-aine" time last year. The middle West has taken the most of this increase We have shipped 2 cars this year atainst one last year into Kansas; 5 against 2 into Missouri; 7 against 2 into Iowa; 9 against 1 into Ch'cago; 4against 3 into Indiana: one extra to Cincinnati, O.. and Bell Brai ch, Michigan, and 10 against 3 into Southwest Texas. I" spite of this increase in shipments we have more unfilled carload orders than we had the same date last year. We have made to date, from Sept. 1, over 13 million sections, against about 7 million last year, and 84,000 lbs. of foundalior against 74.0>.0 a year ago. We are right up with orders on sections and founda- tion and have some surplus of both ahead of orders. It i^ hives a d supers whrch are crowding us most, and holding back orders. In spite of the advice t) have your hives made at home, and the fact that more than usual have fo lowed that aJvice. still we have not bten able to turn out hives fast enough to fill i.rdeis prompt- ly. For several weeks we have been short on dry bass- wood for sections, but we were fortunate in having a large stock to draw from in filling orders Dry lum- ber engaged has been prevented from coming forward because of the exc<-s>ive snow in Michigan. The new cut is now nearly dry enough to work, and we never had a larger or nicer lot of white basswood than we have secuied this year, right here in Ohio. We are also well supplied with a large stock of dry pine for h'ves and are pushing things to our utmost to get the goods out to those in need of them. SFCOND-HAND FOUNDATION-MILLS. We have the following list of second-hand founda- tion-machines to offer. To any one iaterested we shall be pleased to mail a sample made from any one ot these machines on application. No. 057 2^x14 hexagi rial medium-brood mill. This has been used in our wax-room; has ~ome slight blrm- ishes in the rolls which mar the looks of the founda- tion a little, but do not injure it for ute in the hive. Price S20 No. 0)6, 2V^xl4 light-brood mill: of same description, but for a lighter-weight foundati m. Price 820. No. 05V 2x10 Pelham mill. This is a nea'ly new machine, but the cells do ni,t havea natural base, and for that reason this make of mill is not desirable. Price f7. No. 2275, 25^x6 hexagonal extra thin-super mill, in good condition Price $15. No. 058. 2'/2x6 hexagonal thin super mill, in good ccndiiion; has been used in our wax-room, and taken oui to make room for a wider mill Price $15 No 159. 2^.\6 hexago al extra-thin super mill, in good condition. Price $15. No. 13. 2s6 hexagonal e.\-trathin-siiper mill, in ex- cellent condition except fori ne crushed cell. Price $12. No. 014, 2x6 hexagonal extra-lhin-super mill, in good condition, with one bad cell. Price $12. No. 037, 2x6 hexagonal extra-thin-super mill, in fair condition; cells somewhat pitted. Price 88 No 2132, 2x6 hexagonal extra-thin-super mill, in good conditio!'. Price $.0. No. 061, 2x10 hexa onal medium brood mill of late pattern, in good condition except that a few ot the cells on uppei roll are scratched some, but not enough to be very noticeable in the foundation. Price 814. H S M FENCE. We have gone to an expense of over $200 in dies and tools fjr making Danz. M fences with cross slots as shown below The great advantage of this form of fence over the ordinary one with wooden cross-cleats is the free communication around the edges ot the sec- tions, insuring a comb filled out full to the side as well as at top and bottom. The freer communication al- lowed to the bees encouraged them to wo k more freely in the supers fitted with these fences. Much the larger proportion of sections used in Great Britain • " " ^-^ ^' ^^ l"^ -^- - -r •'j 1 1 • ^! ij 1 1 I:: ip-^^^tiifs-^^^P' s i^5^-i are open 4 sides, and used with cross-slotted separa- tors, permitting side communication and insuring bet- ter-filled sections. The tin cleats on the H. S. fence have a raised boss at the top and bottom to act as a sp cer for the plain sections. This is the same idea brought out in 18 8 by Hyde and SchoU, of Texas, but the form was not perfected till this year. We have supplied for use in S mthwest Texas this year over 80li0 of these fences fitted in Danz. supers. They aie worth 85 00 per 100 or Danz. 2 M or 4 M supers will be fitted with these H S M fences at 15 cts. each extra for this season to those who wish to try them. We are not prepared to furnish this style of fence for the 4}(X4}i sections. This would require a new set of dies. We want to see ihem thoroughly tested this season with 4x5 sections in Danz. supers. 1004 GLEAXTNGS TN r.r.K CV]:Vl'K]-.. 413 SPECIAL AHENTION -SHOULD NOW Br- GIVEN TO YOUR QUEENS. YOUR SURPLUS HONRY Will Depend on the Age and Quality of the Queen Mother. K 4l NO WING how much depends on having such queens as can be relied on to produce honey, we use extra care in the selection of our breeding slock. Select- ed queens are given one year's trial in our out- yards, and those only are used for breeding that have shown a marked superiority in the yield of surplus honey. Tested and select tested queens can be had on receipt of order, and nuclei and untested queens by April i. We give special attention to the shipment of nuclei and our large apiaries enable us to supply them in any quantities promptly. One pleased customer says : " The bees came on the 27th, and they are simply elegant." For prices of bees, queens, hives, and other supplies, send for our 64-page catalog. J. M. JENKINS, WETUMPKA, = ALABAMA. 414 CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Apr. 15 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. «?* Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ Send for Our FREi^ New Illustrated Catalog and Price List. ^ ^ F I R E Otir entire stock was not destroyed Warehouse escaped with full line of Bee keepers' Supplies. Foundation-machir.ery now running- full capacity, and back orders nearly filled. Send in your order and it will receive our prompt attention. :: :: :: :: Retail and WHolesale. Send at once for catalog- with prices and discounts. Work- ing wax into foundation for cash, a specialty. Ask for samples. Beeswax always wanted, at highest prices. GUS DITMER, Augusta, Wise. F I R E ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ #♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ »♦♦«♦<»♦« < Bingham Smokers Bingham Smokers a'e the originsls. and have all the improve nienls, and have been Ihe Standard of Excellence for 'i3 years. No wonder Bingham'.- fc vtr ii th Smoke engine goes without pnfF- itig. and does 1 ol dr pinkydrops 1 hi peitoialeds'ieel fiiegiaie has 881 hoi s (o ati the luel and .>-upport the fire. Heavy t'n sm^ ke-ergine. 4 inch stove, rer mail. $l.fO; 3J^ inch, $1.10; 3 inch, $l.tO; 2^- inch, 90 cents; 2 inch, 66 ctnis. T. F. Bingham, Farwell, Mich. ♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦ »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦^^♦♦^ »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ Volume XXXIl. MAY I, 1904. Number 9 W^EE CULTHffiE, ^ CONTENTS !^ Market Quotations 420 Straws, by Dr. Miller 427 Pickings, by Stenog- 429 Conversations with Doolittle 430 Editorials 431 Successful Wintering Outdoors 431 Tall Sections Using Supers 432 Indoor Wintering 432 Death of Gen. D. h- Adair 433 Growing Popularity of the Fence System 434 Michigan's :Cast Pines 434 Bees as a Nuisance 436 Cutting Candied Honey 436 General Correspondence 438 Relative Variation of Drones and Workers 438 Pack Mules for Carrying Bee Supplies 439 A Wisconsin Apiary 439 lyabor-saving in Snowy Winters 410 A Few Points on Shaken Swarms 441 A Home-made Uncapping-Device 442 Sectional Brood'Chambers 443 Heads of Grain 444 Swarms with Clipped Queens 444 Candied Chunk Honey for Market 445 A Short Way of Transferring 445 Arrangemeni of an Apiary 445 A Tilting Cell-bar 446 Wintering in the Cellar 446 Cockroaches or Field mice 446 Preventing Foundation from Buckling 447 Plain or Beeway Sections 447 t^oul-brood Law in California US Our Homes 449 Special Notices 464 The A.I. e MEDINA S Root Cq OHIO 3 i Eastern Edition. Entered at the Postoffice, at Medina, Ohio, as s— ->•• 'LASS Matter. SBa^«^aPB^^n^aM>0%^i^«i^ FLOOD WATE 11 T ARCH 26 to 31, we had from two to four feet of water in our ware- houses. As a result, we will sell Sections, $1.00 A THOUSAND less than catalog prices. Founda- tion at 5 cents per pound less than listed prices. Special prices on 25 and 50 pound lots. These prices good only as long as the wet goods last. WE HAVE PLENTY DRY GOODS IF YOU PREFER THEM Write for particulars.: LEWIS C.& A. G. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, - Mich. Hilton's haff Hive fortifies ycur colonies against sudden changes of weather in spring and fall. Only a little extra work neces- sary to change them for winter, and make them frost-proof. This work can be put over until late in Novem- ber or December, after the busy time at this season of the year. The double cover with ventilators enables the bees to continue work in supers during the intense heat of summer, where the hives, of neces- sity, are exposed to the sun during the middle of the day. Ask for copy of report from Michigan Agricultural College, regarding " Double v. Single Walled Hives." A large part of many apiarists' time is consumed in shifting from winter to summer, and summer to winler quarters, which could be well spent in caring for a larger number of col- onies. This is overcome by using Hilton's Chaff Hive. Write for cata- log. Root s Goods at Root's Prices. Beeswax wanted. George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. ^ \ vJuulI u^ %cm miOAA/ ^ \ -^j rfjaM/J'\ Q^ coJtaW Itrrm w(m(V. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 419 f^tfl c. H.W. Weber, Headcftiarters for Bee-Supplies Root's Goods a.t Roc >t*s Factory Prices. C. H. W. Weber, Office (Stt Salesroom, 214C-2148 Central A.ve. Warehouse, Fx-eexnan arkd Cer&tral Avei^ue. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 2 R.oot*s Goods at Root's Factory Psrices. h f r|^ ij fh f^ — — — = ™,n , , , ,,,„. _^^ J Let me sell you the Best Gooois Made; you will be pleased oa receipt "^ ^ of them, and save mioaey by ordering from me. Will allow you a discount oa ^-P ($> early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very larg-e. Cincinnati is f$> ^fy one of the best shipping-- points to reach all parts of the Union, particularly f^in ^iL in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction "f- T guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed T ■j promptly, and free of charge. : : : : : : : : ^^ fp fp «f» (^ ^^ I Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and i. T a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and 'y H^y without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey *"^^ l^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, <;uvl C^ uK^ bee-veils. ^jS^ •i^^ I Shall be Pleased to Book Your Order for Queens; Golden 1 ♦^ Italians, Red-clover, and Carniolans. Will be ready to furnish nuclei, be- t ^^ ginning with June, of all the varieties mentioned above. Hil* <$i (|> ^^ I will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and ^^ y^^ shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- fc^ t^ rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. ^mj ^ t|> <^ I have in Stock Seed of the following Money-plants: Sweet- <|j jj^ scented clover, white, and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- ^^ A. celia. Rocky Mountain bee -plant, and catnip. z_ (^ i^ 1^ 1^ C^ 420 (;leanings in bee culture. May 1 Honey Market. GRADING-RrrLES. Fakct.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs uusoiled by travel- stain or otherwise ; all the cells sealed exceot an occasional cell, the outside surfaceof the wood well scraped of propolis. ANo. 1.— All secc ons well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. PHiLADELPHtA. —Never in the history of the comb- honey market has there been such a lot of off-quality of comb honey shipped into this market so late in the season. We have sold some of our own honey in the last few days, good No 1, as low as 6c a section, the same honey we were getting He for 60 days ago. It is the old .stoiy, that when bee-men find the season clos- ing, and they can not get rid of the crop themselves, they send it to the commission man .o slaughter it at any price he can get. We quote No. 1 comb, 10: am- ber, 7(0.8. extracted fancy white. 114; amber, 6. Bees- wax sells readily at 31. We are produceis of honey, and do not handle on commission. Wm. a. Selser, April 21. 10 Vine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Cincinnati. — The honey market here is re-assum- ing activity, and, judging from present indications and the lateuf ss of the season, the last seasoa's crop will be consumed before the arrival of the new^ We offer amber extracted in barrels and cans at 5^(tf654; white clover, 6^(&8, accotding to quality and package; fancy comb honey sells at 12@15. Beeswax wanted at iOc. The Fred W. Muth Co., April 18. 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. Kansas City.— The demand for honey is a little better than it has been. Prices on strictly fancy comb are $2 50 per case, if not candied; the great trouble with the majoritj^ of honey coming from the West at present is that it is more or less candied and about $2 to $2 25 is all we can get for it. Amber is stlling at S2 26 per case; extracted is dull at 5(Sj6. Beeswax is in good demand at 30c. C. C. Clemons & Co., April 18. Kansas City, Mo. New York. — There are no new features in the honey market. Some white honey selling at from 12® 13; oSf grades at from 10(0)11; no demand for dark honey whatever. Market is very quiet on extracted of all grades, and prices are rather irregular. Beeswax very firm at 29,5:31. Hildreth & Segelken, Apr. 18. 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Milwaukee. — There's certainly somewhat of a prob- lem to be solved as . egards this market on honey in common, with some others, and that is, will the great people eat and consume all the honey so richly pro- vided? While there is certainly increased consump- tion, there is not enough to lake all o far, an^l the supply continues in excessof demand. The continued cold helps, and the probability that the winter killed many bees, may have the effect to put moie value up- on the surplus stock of honey We are hopeful of fa- vorable results. We quote fancy 1-lb sections. 12@13; all qualities below fancy, nominal, 10@ll. Extracted in barrels, pails, cans, 654(3*754. Beeswax, 28@80. A. V. Bishop & Co., April 23. Milwaukee, Wis. Cincinnati. — The honey market continues tobedull; if any thing, the prices on comb honey are lower; con- cessions are made on bigger lots I quote fancy white comb from 1254@U. Sales on extracted are made at the following prices: Amber in barrels, 55{@5^; in cans. I4c jnore. Alfalfa, water-white, 6(aj6j^; strictly white clover for extra fancy, 754@8. Bei swax 30. C. H. W. Weber, April 19. 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. Denver. — There is sufficient stock in this market to meet the local demand. No. 1 white, $2 50(g,2 75 per case of 21 sections; No. 2 white. $2.25@2.-J0 per case of 24 sections. White extracted, 7(0)754. Clean yellow beeswax wanted at 28(3)30 cents per pound, according to color The Colo. Honey Producers' Ass'n., April Ifl. 1440 Market St., Denver, Colo. St. t,ouiS. — The stock of fancy comb is very small, and qviotable at 13(cal4; A No. 1 at ll(a/12; No 1, at 10 (^11; No. 2, nominal 9; No. 3, 6(0)7. All sugared honey, or otherwise defective or broken, is not salable above 6(5i7. Extracted honey is quotable at 5(g554 in cans; 4@45^ in barrels. R. Hartmann & Co , April 18. St. I«ouis, Mo. San Francisco. — New comb per lb., white, 10@12; amber, 8@10; Extracted, water-white, 554(^6; light am- ber, 5@554; dark amber. 4 54@5 Beeswax. 28@b0. Ernest B. Schaeffle, April 22. Murphys, Cal. Boston. — There is nothing new to note, either re- garding the conrition of our honey market or prices. The demand is naturally not so heavj as it was, owing to he warmer weather and the near approach of the maple-sugar season. Prices remain as before. Blake, Scott & 1,ee, April 21. Boston, Mass. For Sale. — 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in cases of two new 60-lb. cans each, at 754 cts. per lb.; 33o-lb. barrels at 7 cts. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R. R. No. 1, Viola, Wis. For Sale. — I have a few more cases of comb honey (mostly buckwheat), which I will offer at a reduced price to close out. N. I<. Stevens, R. D. 18, Moravia, N. Y. BEE-SUPPLIES EXCLUSIVELY. : A COMPLETE LINE OF— Lewis' Fine Bee-Supplies, Dadant's Foundation Bingham's Original Patent Smokers and Knives, Root's Extractors, Gloves, Veils, Etc. Queen Bees and nuclei in season. In fact, anything needed in the "Bee-line," at FACTORY PRICES HERE IN CINCINNATI, where prompt service is yours and freight rates are lowest. Special discounts for early orders. SEND FOR CATALOG. THE FRED W. MUTH CO. We are successors to nobody and nobody is successor to os. 51 WALNUT STREET. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 421 For Sale. — Thirty barrels choice extracted white- clover honey. Can put it up in any .style of package de.sired. Write for price.s, mentioning style of pack- ae:e, and quantity wanted. Sample mailed on receipt o} three cents in' P. O. stamps. Emil J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale. — Fancy basswood and white-clover hon- ey: 60-lb cans, 8c; 2 cans or more, 7Hc; bbls., 7J4c. E. R. Pahl & Co., 294 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. ' For Sale. — 2400 lbs. of white-clover honey. Write for prices. W. E. McDonald, Woodford, Wis. Wanted. — Honey. Selling fancy white, 15c; amber, 13c. We are in the market for either local or car lots of comb honey. Write us. Evans & Turner. Columbus, Ohio. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted— Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — Extra fancy comb honey, about 100 lbs. each in Danz and -l^^xi^ sections, the latter in two- beeway and four-beeway sections. The a. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. Wanted.— Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at anytime of the year. Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hildreth & Segelken, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 29c cash or 31 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St., Chicago. 44 Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The a. I. Root Company, Medina, O. Clias. Israel (Si Brotliers 480-49O Canal St., New YorK. Wholssale Sealers and Commission Merchants in Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. Consignmpnts Solicited. Established 1H"5 Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PKtcES. pjager market. Money- makers for poultr.vmen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something worth look- ing into. Send for our FREE BOOK, "How to Make Money with Squabs,' and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH KOCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MAS Hunter-Trader-Trapper a journal of information for hunt- ers, traders, and trappers; publish- ed monthly; subscription $1.00 per year; sample copies ten cents. Special time-offer, five months for 2So. Gleanings in Bee Cukure and H-X-T each one year $1.50. HUNTER-IRADER-TRAPPER, Box 90. Gallipolis, Ohio. THE POULTRY REVIEW, '^^^LS:;^^^ of the be-t poultry papers published ; 50c a year ; with this paper, fl.OO a year. Before subscribing eUewhere get our clubbing rates. The Poultry Review, Dept. IX, Bustleton, Pa. NO GAS TO KILL Very little lamp (i;as in an Incubator egpr chamber often kills every KCrui. No gas can possibly creep Into the SURE HATCH INCUBATOR because it's heated by our rustless, heavy copper, hot water circulator. Don't waste money and lose j?ood efr!?s experiment- inp with poor incubators. Send for free catalogue. C 10 and learn why the Sure Hatch hatches si( re. Sure Hatch Incu- bator Co., Clay Center, Meb. and Indlanapolle, Ind. 100 Eee Size, «« s.OO 150 EiTK Size, $1|sl3.00 Now's your chance to pet a money-maker chenp. GREAT SCOTT INCUBATOR Send for free catalogue. Scoff Incubator Co. *• Box S4 Indianapolis, Ind. THE SUCCESSFUL Kame of the best Incubator and Brooder inade. Ii'e not a chance. They're right in principle, work right. Require — 'I leaBt attention and ^ Jj-pvo bcel results ^puDder all , All — Bay it. EiLst orders promptly filled frnm BufTslo house. Incu balor Cataloir free, with Poultry Catalog 10 ctj. Des Moines Incubator Co. Oept. 603, Des Moines, la Make Your Own Fertilizer at Small Cost with I Wilson's Phosphate Mills *~^" From 1 to 40 II. P. Also Bone Cut- ters, liantl anfl power, for the poul- tryineu; Farm Feeil .VIIIN, Gra- huin flour llntul MlUs, Grit and Shell .Mills. Send for catalogue. WILSOX ltKO.«.. Sole JJi™., Eastoii, I'a. POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. S2 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated. 50c yr. , show* readers how to succeed with Piultry. Special Introductory Offer. S years 60 cts; lyear25cts; 1 months trial lOcts. Stampsaccepted. Sample copy free. 148 page llluetraueo practical (uitry book free to yearly Bubscribers. Catalogue jf poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co., g^P^^eid,©. rf ;T^2nir^ — ^- _lj;i_rl_^ ^JT^ _r^ '~\" J ■ Z__-i^_J 1 1 ul^^^ ss ^PAGEg ^^ ^^ — : S - : Better Material and better construction make a longer-lasting fence. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Box 8. Adrian, Mioh. MAPLE >i' SYRUP FOR SA.1vE: in one gallon cans, $1 20 per gallon; 10 gallons (a) |1.10. ^6e A.. I. R.oot Co., Medina, O. Ctf-k'v**>s f^-tt'Vt^rX ^'*^ ^O Cents, OI^nS» V^VlX^t;U or noney rcliiaded. G. £. -Wells. R.oseland, N. C. 422 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 Our Advertisers and Advertising. "GOOD BUGGIES, AND HOW THEY ARE MADE," is a new and valuable book, of interest to every farm- er and horse-owner, just issued by the author, Mr. H. C. Phelps. President of the Ohio Carriage Manufactur- ing Co.. of Cincinnati, Ohio. Starting with the raw material and taking it step by step through the different processes of manufacture in one of the largest vehicle factories in the world, this treatise contains practical in lorraation that posts its every reader on the details of high gr^de buggy- making, and fits one to purchase and judge a vehicle int lligently. Photographic illustrations are shown of the differ- ent machines used in each stage of the job. from its incipiencv to completion, and by the different manipu- lations and methods by which the expert workman evolves a perfect vehicle from timber, iron, and leath- er, including the rubbing of the body, the putting on of the various coats of paint and varnish, the setting of tires, etc. This book, of especial interest to every prospective purchaser of any kind of a conveyance, giving him. as it does, just the info mation he needs to enable him to pick out a good vehicle from a poor one, is written in everyday language, simple, and not technical, andean be understood and grasped by the layman. Coming as it does from the facile pen of the presi- dent of one of the greatest carriage plants in the world, its words have the weight of authoritative knowledge. In short, it is at once a v^'oik of interest and of Vrflue, something to be preserve! in the library for reference and consultation on the subject of vehi- cles and vehicle construction. Mr. H. C. Phelps has g'own up in the buggy busi- ness, and is conversant ^ilh every detail of the manu- facture of high- rade vehicles. The regular price of this book is 50c, but it will be cheerfully sent free to any one who is sufficently in- terested to write Mr. Phelps and answer the questions given below. Send this blank, carefully filled out, to Mr. H. C. Phelps President of the Ohio Carriage Manufacturing Co. 20 Sixth St., Cincinnati. O., and the book will be sent you postpaid and free of all cost by return mail. Mr. H. C. Phelps, President, The Ohio Cairiage Mfg Co., _ 20 Sixth St., Cincinnati, Ohio. Please send me, free and prepaid, a copy of your book, " Good Buggits, and How They are Made." My Name Address Pltase answer the following questions: Dd you own a buggy? Shall you buy a new one this seasot ? If not now, when? "What make buggy do you think of buying? About what price do you expect to pay for a buggy ? QQ PER 13 for White, and Parred Rocks, Silver- ^L laced Wyandottes, Red Caps, White, and Biown Leghorns; and Black Minorcas. CO PER 13 for Buff Rocks Buff Orpingtons. Buff 00 Iveghorns, Black Spanish and White Wyan- dottes. Reference, The A, I. Root Co. Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1S73.] Dsvoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A • I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CALVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. L. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms: $1.00 per annum ; two years, |1.50; three years, $2.00; five years, $:j.OO, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontinuanees? The journal is sent uiitil orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall as.sume that he wishes his journal continued, anl will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time paid for by making his request when ordering. A.DVERTIS1NG RATES, Column width, 2Ji inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Net). 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 Quality Poultry Yards, Medina, Ohio. 250 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 1000 lines® 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates {Net). 1 page $40 00 i 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circulation Average tor 1003. 18,666, The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111 , Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, Los Angeles. Cal., .Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, Lovel.ind, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, ,San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DoOLiTTLE, Borodino, N* Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. f. M. Hamb.\ugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller. Marengo, Illinois. W M. McHvoY, Woodstock, Ont. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 423 Southern Lands % FOR y^ Bee Culture, General Farming, ^ Live-stock Raising, Fruit, Jij Truck and Poultry Raising, $. v in sections traversed by ^ Southern Railway, ^xjLcl. -tlie Mobile & Ohio Railroad. Good markets, productive soil, valuable timber, health region. Fine eld time plantations, farm lands, wild lands, $3 TO $15 PER ACRE. Interestins: I'terature sent free on ap- plication to M V. RrcHARDS, Land and Industrial Agent, Washington, D. C. CHAS. S. CHASE, AGENT Chemiccil Bldg., St. Louis;, Mo. T. B. THACKSTON, TKAVELING AGENT 225 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. i^i^i>i^»^i>g>i^»^»j;22ii>i29is22ii>jii»;5iSi5» one sea-son, planting in ro- tation cauliflower, cucum- bers, egg-plants, in beauti- ful, health-giving Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-growers. Thousands of acres open to free homestead entry. Handsomely illustrated de scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchange in Vir- ginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Line Railway. Portsmouth. Va. Splendid Location for Bee-lieepers Mr.A.I.Roofs WritisiES of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co are descriptive of Michigan's most beaiitif nl section reachtd most conveniently via th> Pere IVIarquette R. n. For ;trated .lulomobile story, and full paaiculais regarding our machines. OI.DS MOTOR. MTORKS, Detroit, MicH. $1 Farmers Voice Great Co = Operative Club Send us the names of ten f rienda or neiKhbore whom you believe will be interested in a jourua. standing for the farmer's best Interests, and we will send you these five preat periodicals oacr 'A which stands as the head of its class. Regular Price PEACH TREES Large size, 3c e.ich. Trees kept dor- mant in good shipping condition till May 20. Circular free. R. S. JOHNSTON, Stockley, Del. Farmer's Voice rirC";. $ .601 For forty years the most earneBt advocate of all things wliich tend to make life on the ftLrm more pleasurable and profitable. Wayside Tales . . . 9.00 America's Great SLirt Stcry Magazine, 96 pa(?esin regular m«^ gazirie size of clean stories every PfiP month on fine book paper. r%JR riie American Poultry Journal . 50 r ^^^^ The oldest and best poultry papef In the world. The Household Realm . . .50 For 18 years tiie only v, otnua'p paper owned, edited and pub- lished exclusively by women, /ick's Family Magazine , -50 The leading Floral Masa?;ine oC America.^ Tot Vlck'9 yon may Bubstltnte Green's Frul> ©TOwer, Farm Journal, Blooded Stock, Kansas City Star or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Farmers' Voice frea Liberal terms to agents. VOICE PUB. CO.. 113 Voice Bldg,, Ctalcag:a. FnVPlnnPC prlnted-to-order, only CI per 1000: sen* Lll T CIU|lc J, for freg sample and atate your business W^l^M ■»*«"»"'■ Strong, Chicken SlfsSsl Tight. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale •«K«a«a ^'■'"'"* Folly Warranted. Catalog Free. vswAWAna coiled spring fence to. 'Box iLtl, Winchester, Indiana, r. 8. 1, Bnd teo names »' fsruien ai abuTc 424 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mav 1 "BEES AND HONEY" FREE! ===This is the Book Written by = = THOMAS Q. NEWMAN, = FORMERLY EDITOR OF American Bee Journal. It contains 160 pages, bound in paper cover. We pro= pose to GIVE AWAY these books to NEW SUBSCRIBERS, and there are . . . .ONLY A FEW LEFT S' END us $1.00 for whole year's subscription to the WEEKLY AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, and we will also mail you a copy of "Bees and Money,'' if you will mention having seen this offer in Gleanings (book alone, 50c). You will need to be prompt if you want a copy of the book. Sample of the Bee Journal free on request. ADDRESS GEO. W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ills. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 425 Brushing Bees Both Ways. Mr. K D. Townsend is the most exten"ive bee-keep- er in Michigan. He has made money keeping bee;- as a specialty, and he is telling the readers of the Bee- keepers' Review how he does it. He bet an in Janu- ary, and it lotks now as though the series would run through the entire year. I am sometimes inclined to believe the^e articles the most valuable that have ever appeared in the Review — particularly so for the spe- cialist. They coniaiu litHe that is startling or revolu- tionary—the short cuts and systems that enable him to handle many bees with little labor are what make them valuable. In the April issue he takes up that most trying part of extracted-honey production — get- ting the combs off the hives, and the bees ofT the combs. Among other things, he tells how to hold a comb in such a manner that bo h an up-and down, stroke of the brush may be employed, and both sides of the comb cleaned of bees without changing the po- sition of either hand. If you produce extracted ho- ney, J on ought to read thif article. Send ten cents for this issue, and the ten cents may aj^'ply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. The Pump That Pumps SPRAY PUMPS ~ — >AV Doublc-acting.LIft, TA'c Tank and Spray i'PUMPS ■i^^S. Store Ladders. Etc. S^ShW TOOLS Valvt of all kinds. Write for Circulars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel roller bearings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown on the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buv in quantify. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland. • Ohio. More Potatoes and better ones, earlier to mature and using Ie8S8eed, if you plant with cur Acme Hantt Piantet* Deposits seed at j ust the right depth in moist soil. Neither s-ed nor soil can dry out. Seed grows at once. This is the cheapest way to plant. Easiest oo. WorivS well in any soil, sod or new land. If dealercan't furnish send ^l.OOandhis name; we'll ship charses paid. Write today for our Booklet, "The Acme of Potato Profit." Potato Imple- ment Co.i BoxSO, Traverse City, Mich. ^"^ 4'LEAr CLOVER Cream Raiser, Don't mix. Has utmost cooling surface. Inner can quickly remov- able. No water needed in winter. Cold air chamber over whole can. V^ery easy to clean. Patent faucets and many other rlp«irable features described in our FREE catalogue. PLTMOCTH MFG. CO., Plymouth, Ohio, Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cu ting, mitering, grooving, boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for ■working wood in an.v man- ner. Send for catalog A. The Seneca Falls MTg Co., 44 Water St ., Seneca Fs.. N. Y. Spraying Tells Foot and Hand Power 5i ' ompare photosrrapbs of results from f;praye(l and ijnsprayed trees. Same orchard, same row, same varieties. Deming's Sprayers fit everv iivirpiise, from smnllp^t to larpest tU Id ipemtions. Hand Pumps, Bucket, Knap- sack, Barrel, Mounted Power Sprayers. Line includes every late discovery that makes for easy, rapid and perfect work. Full line best nozzles, attachments, spraving formulas, etc. Valuable book on inscets and plant and fruit diseases 10c. Catalog free. The Doming Company, Salem, Ohio. Henloni Hubhcll, Wcitern AienU. Chicago, Illinoil. 426 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 Time is Flying'— -So are Yovir Bees. DON'T WAIT Until the last nionient—Send us your order now* ^ 00 til Oh i CO ^ G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis. 00 I; SEND FOR OUR NEW 1904 CATALOG--68 PAGES. Notice to Minnesota Customers — We are dow repre- sented by Wisconsin Lumber Co., of Faribault. F. C. i Brkle, Minneapolis, has no connection with us whatever. >. ^^"^^9 • DELVOTED' •-fo-'BE.ELS •ANdHoNEY •AND home: •lNTEf^ST6 Jby-THfAl^O VoL XXXIL MAY h J 904 Na9 t^M/Br. C. CMiLLER. Honey vinegar, according to an analj"^- sis reported in Le Progres Apicole, contain- ed 19 per cent more acetic acid than vinegar from apple cider, and only 42 per cent as much alcohol. The British B. K. Ass'n has a scheme of insurance whereby a member by paying one penny per colony can be secured to the extent of $150 against damage done by his bees to third parties. The Centralverein fuer IMaehre^i com- plains that, out of the 11,000 bee-keepers of that region, only 2000 belong to the associa- tion. I doubt if two- elevenths of the bee-keep- ers in this country belong to the National. Frame-tongs of different patterns have been in use in Germany for years, but nev- er seem to have been popular in this coun- try. But they are not needed for top-open- ing hives as they are for the side-opening hives used in Germany. I THINK we may as well dismiss the un- comfortable fear that Bacillus alvei is iden- tical with Bacillus iiiesentericus. Not a single bacteriologist, to my knowledge, has come to the support of Dr. Lambotte, and several have disputed his affirmation. You ANTI-SALOON fellows in Ohio must be nearly bareheaded nowadays — hats all worn out with tossing in the air. [Our hats are on good and tight. We are not saying much, but are doing a good deal of thinking. See Homes in this issue. — Ed.] Prevention of swarms — Pincot's plan in Apiculteur: At the beginning of harvest, reduce each colony to four frames of brood, taking away the ripest brood. He says that, with this treatment, his bees do not swarm. I'm afraid it wouldn't work in all localities. " A CH[LDiSH notion " is what Reiden- b ich calls the idea that formic acid is put into honey by the stings of the bees. In a brochure he says the acid is being contin- uously developed in brood-combs, exhaling as vapor from the empty cells vacated ^by the emerging young bees. Nearly takes one's breath away to find in a German bee- journal a protest against tobacco earnest enough to satisfy the heart of A. I. Root. The editor of Imkerschule says: " Tobacco- smoke injures bee-keeper and bees." Another man says: "Tobacco is poison, and neither does it belong in the mouth of the bee-keeper nor should its smoke be blown on the bees." "Can a locality be overstocked with bees?" The answer in Leipz. Bztg. is that, in most localities, an unlimited number would prosper. I don't know how it is with bees brought up in the German language; but a few thousand colonies of our bees would clean up all the nectar in the richest locality, and not have enough for their own use. [The language of our German cotem- porary is pretty strong. — Ed.] Ruberoid is a new material for hive cov- ers, now talked about in the German bee- journals. It is claimed to be inodorous, permanently elastic, not affected by heat or cold, a great non-conductor, and indestruc- tible. Costs 20 cts. a square yard. [I have heard of this material before. If there is actual rubber in it, there will be a deteri- oration in time. It is sold in this country, but at what price I do not know. Methinks it is a Yankee invention. — Ed.] W. O. Victor, page 388, gives 8200 young bees emerging in about two days. That makes about 4000 eggs laid in a day. A certain editor once tried to make me believe that I couldn't argue the size of a colony from the amount of eggs laid, because a good part of the eggs didn't hatch. I'd like to sit down by that same editor and read about Victor's 4000 eggs a day, and then ask him, " Do you think all those 4000 eggs hatched? " [Look here, doctor. You have backed me into a hole before, and I acknowledged myself cornered. Why do 428 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 you now add insult to injury by firing- more questions at me on this subject? No; I'll be like the woman who was "of the same opinion still." — Ed.] G. J. YoDER makes a profitable business "in cutting 45 2-lb. blocks and 18 j^-lb. out of a 60 pound can, leaving 4 pounds of odds and ends, p. 394. That makes 103 pounds from the 60-pound can. Didn't those wick- ed types make it 45 2-lb. where it shculd bave been 45 1-lb? [You are right, doctor. The copy at first read "forty five lb. blocks." As that amount was either 45 or 200 as the reader might make it, it was changed to " 45 1-lb. blocks. " The compos- itor took the 1 for a 2, and on reading the copy to the proof reader the mistake was pos- sibly repeated by the same person. — Ed.] A Straw, page 375, tells of removed bees staying where put after special treatment and a captivity of two hours, and you say, Mr. Editor, that bees will not stay put un- less confined at least three days But you ignore the treatment he gave them. Are you sure bees so treated need three days confinement? Others report that pounding on the hives and frightening the bees with smoke while imprisoned will make them stay after a few hours of confinement. Are you sure your bees so treated would need 3 days? [No, I am not quite sure; but I think many of them would go back if re- leased in less than three days, even if they had been bumped and pounded as pre- scribed in the treatment above referred to. But we will test that matter (or I hope to) a little more carefully this summer. — Ed.] "How Americans rear artificial queens " is the heading of an item in Deutsche lin- ker. "Americans frequently use wooden queen cells (!)," and then is told how R. Rowsome had queens artificially fertilized in a carboy. " Jung-Klaus " dismisses the affair then as a foolish joke. The Germans are inclined to consider any thing done in America as not to be taken seriously, and the Americans return the compliment by complacently concluding thej' have nothing to learn from Germany. All of which is the foolishness of ignorance on both sides. [Americans have nerer accepted the theory that queens could be fertilized in a carboy; indeed, they are just as skeptical on that point as the Germans; but in the matter of wooden queen- cells, our friends of Teu- tonic extraction may have much to learn yet. They should not forget how they have clung to the old Dzierzon hive, and how gradually, now, some of the most progres- sive of them are working over to the Lang- stroth-Dadant principle. — Ed.] The advice to begin with bees on a small scale, increasing numbers with experience, is excellent, but isn't it c arrying it a little too far to say broadly that we must go no faster than the bees will pay the way? We don't always do that with other things; why with bees? I know it would have been bad for me if I had followed that rule. (Very likely; but when one is giving ad- vice sometimes he is obliged to overdo it, in order that his pupils may not commit the folly of going too far. Tt is human nature, when one is all fired up with enthusiasm, such as one gets with an ordinary case of bee-fever, to plunge in debt too deeply. But say, doctor, I was expecting you to as- sail my article on this general subject of "keeping more bees" in several places. Anticipating that you or somebody else would, I prepared it with unusual care. Now, honor bright, doctor, it is highly im- portant to I now, in the case of the extract- ed-honey bee-keeper of fair executive abili- ty, whether he could realize in a series of years the averages that I have mentioned if he attempted to run a thousand colonies. And while 3'ou are about it will you solve another little riddle? If such possibilities can be reached, how are you and I to know whether we are the chaps who are capable of running a thousand colonies? — Ed.] A German bee journal, advising against too small entrances in winter, gives 1 centi- meter high and 8 wide (scant Yz inch high and 3 '4 wide) as the right thing. How would that do in Medina? [I am inclined to think this is about right. For the last four or five j'ears we have been testing en- trances of various sizes — some '/% deep by the width of the hive; some '/% deep by 8 inches; some;^s by 8; and still others ^^ by 6. Experi- ence has shown — and that experience is con- firmed by reports that have come in — that the two first mentioned sizes were altogeth- er too much of a good thing. The colonies either died outright, or were so weak as to be practically good for nothing for the whole season. The colonies with entrance y% by 8 generally wintered well, while those with a little smaller entrance seemed to have a little bit the advantage. The small- er the entrance up to a certain point during very cold weather, the better for the outdoor bees, providing, however, the passageway is kept entirely free from dead bees. We occasionally get reports of how bees have wintered in a box hive with the bottom left open; but these are the exceptions that prove the rule. I am firmly convinced, from all reports and our own experience, that a very limited entrance, kept open by one or two cleanings during midwinter, is better than a wide one; but when it comes to indoor wintering, of course the larger the entrance the better. Seme of our indoor colonies at one of the outyards had the usual narrow entrance. The dead bees were not cleaned oui — result, all the bees in the hive dead and moldy. — Ed.] Bees by the pound fell out of fashion in this country some years ago. Not so ev- erywhere. In a single number of Leip- ziger Bztg. I counted 26 ad's of bees for sale by the pound. [Selling bees by the pound would be perfectly feasible in a coun- try like Germany; but in a country like ours, 14 times as large as the German Em- pire, it is not feasible. We ti ied it once and had to give it up, because of the great 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 429 distances of travel. Bees in the form of nu- clei can be sent almost anywhere in the United States with very little if any loss. If the combs are not loaded down with hon- ey (and it has been our rule to select them just heavy enough with stores to carry them through, and no more) the express on the bees and the brood both (equivalent to a pound of bees), will not be much in excess. Our nuclei shipping boxes are made of i\ basswood, and are covered, top and bottom, with a very tough wire cloth, so that the weight is reduced to the lowest possible point. Then there is another thing. Tak- ing a pound of bees out of a colony in the spring, and leaving its brood unprotected, takes the very life out of it; but if we take half a pound of bees out and a nice frame of brood, the bees that remain will easily take care of the brood that is left. The customer gets the equivalent of a pound of bees, and the shipper has a colony laying in much better shape. If we were to go back to the pound business, we certainly would have to charge more money. In our experience a large percentage of the pound packages had to be replaced by another shipment while the bees in the nucleus form would go through in good order, as a rule. —Ed.] _ yrow Oi/t By )j •' You temperance folks want all the earth," Says little Tommy Toper ; " Not so," says Jim. his uncle trim, " We simply want it sober. ' C. K. Carter says in Review: " Take an old horse-blanket that has been used, and filled with sweat and odor, and put it on the hive, and the bees will not be so likely to sting a horse as they were before they had become acquainted with the odor." Mr. Danzenbaker is here just now, and he saj's he objects to having his hive spoken of as the " Danz hive," as if that were his name. He wants the name in full, or a period of abbreviation after it. Still more opposed is he to such a word as " Danzy " in place of his real name. His point of or- der is well taken. Red raspberries, so writes A. W. Smith, of Parkville, N. Y., in Review, furnish a honey as light-colored as that from white clover, and he is surprised that Mr. Hutch- inson should say it is not quite so white. Mr. E. A. Morgan, of Col bourn, Wis., also writes that the wild red raspberry blos- soms in profusion for two months, frost or no frost. If killed once, twice, or thrice, it will bud and blossom again. But whether the honey is dark or light in color, its flavor is equal to that of any other, and, to my taste, superior. A prominent feature of the Anietican Bee keeper iov a long time have been the ar- ticles of Deacon Hardscrabble. Although Uncle John frequently dipped his pen in sulphuric acid, and more frequently fired his gun toward those who might be consid- ered his friends than toward his enemies, he scored a good many fine points. He has gooe the way of all the earth, dying Jan. 27. A good photo of him appears in said journal for April. \fti In the Review for April is an article by that fine writer and skillful bee- keeper M. A. Gill, of Longmont, Col., on how he made 400 shook swarms. Here is a paragraph worth pasting, etc.: Isn't it behind the spirit of the age for a full-grown man to stand around all day practicing the old mythi- cal methods, and "wondering if the bees will swarm"? Why not open the hives and see if they ate going to ? why not swarm them? and if not, then go somewhere and hunt a job more pleasant and profitable. For my pajt, I like "intense" bee-keeping. This season it was recessary for us (my wife, one man, and myself) to go through two apiaries each day. Again: If I should use a little, hot, half-story hive to confine a large colony in for three or four days, until the bees are ready for a super, as friend Morrison advises, 1 should expect absconding. If I should fill a hive up with dummies (all except four or five frames), a la Doolittle), I should expect absconding. But if we shake all the flying bees into a full sized eight-frame hive, with one or perhaps two frames of unsealed lar- vae and eggs, remove the .super from the old hive, the super being filled with bees well at work on bait sec- tions and full sheets of foundation, on to the new swarm, which is set upon the old stand, and given a well ventilated cover the bees drenched with new honey, that will fly out in the shaking process, why should they abscond ? And, furthermore, how could they, unless the queen should go on foot, as she is clipped? In the same issue Mr. James A. Green gives us an article which I wonder has not been printed before. Much has been said about the advantages of producing either comb or extracted honey exclusively; but Mr. Green here shows good reasons for pro- ducing both conjointly. Mr. Green was formerly of Illinois; but, like Mr. Gill, he is trying his luck in Colorado. The present may be called the "era of good feeling" among bee journals. I find no personal differences being adjusted in them, and nothing in particular being de- bated. The right thing for the right place is now there, and bee culture may be con- sidered as being conducted in a waj' from which there will be no radical departure for many years if ever. If any problem confronts bee- keepers it is the one that con- fronts all honest men — adulteration. I have just read a bitter complaint against it in a Swiss bee-journal. The writer says phy- sicians are annoyed by it, not knowing what their patients get when a prescription is filled. One orders honey, for instance, for a sick man. The nurse goes to the gro- cery and gets what she supposes to be pure 430 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 honey, but "it consists of a mixture of cane sugar syrup and Chili honey, rendered agreeable to the nose by means of a lot of aromatic substances. These worthless and adulterated goods, not safe for the stomach of even a well man, are dangerous to the sick, and so adulteration finds a new vic- tim. What avails medical skill with the best means at command when it has no guarantee that drugs and liquors are not adulterated? Even the infaut in its cra- dle, as soon as it is weaned, is threatened with adulteration " However it may be with drugs, there certainly is no trouble in 'getting pure honey in this country. It is probable, however, that most groceries fur- nish a ready means for adulterators to un- load Iheir goods on the public 7^ ^ HOW TO GET WORKER COMB BUILT. "Are you verj' busy this afternoon, Mr. Doolittle?" ■'Not extremely so, Mr. Baker. What can. I do for you?" •'I wish to have my bees build their own combs this summer; and whenever I try to have them do this, they seem bent on build- ing drone comb. How can I prevent this?" ■' When any colony is so weak that it has no desire to swarm, during or preceding the swarming or honey- flow, such a colony will invariably build worker comb, so that worker brood may be reared till the colony comes into a prosperous condition, provid- ing they do not have sufficient comb already built." ■'Why can I not use some of the weak colonies I often have in the spring in that way?" ■'You can. Taking advantage of this tact I use all colonies which are too weak to store honey to advantage, at the begin- ning of the honey-flow, or as many as I wish to use for this purpose, treating them thus: Their combs are generally all taken rrom them excepting two, one having a little brood and considerable honey in it, and the other one being as nearly full of honey as possible, giving all the other combs having brood in them to other colonies so that they will be still stronger for the honey harvest. ' ■'Don't you leave any of the ccmbs which they may have, having neither honey nor brood in them for their use?" "No. If I did it would defeat my object, for the bees would clean up such combs, and the queen lay in them, instead of the bees building any comb at all." "I see. But excuse my interrupting. Go on with what you do with the colony after you have taken all away but the two combs." "I now put in one, two, and sometimes three frames having starters in them or frames which are partly filled with comb, just according to the size of the little colony after having taken their combs away." "Excuse my breaking in again; but what do you mean by starters?" "Take a strip of comb foundation one- half inch wide and as long as your frame is wide between the end-bars, and with melted wax stick this along the center of the under side of the top-bar of your frame, and you have a starter that will beat any other which I know of." "And what did you mean by frames partly filled with comb? Where do you get these?" "These are any combs which any colony of bees may have started at any time and not completely filled the frames with the same. Or they may be frames once filled with comb, a part of which may be drone comb, which I have cut out, or holes, which have come about by some accident to the combs, such as mice gnawing them, or the bees tearing them down to get out moldy pollen or something of that sort; or I may have allowed the bees to build comb when they were not in the condition to build worker comb exclusively." "And will the bees patch up such combs as these, filling out with worker comb?" " .VTost assuredly they will if the colony is in the right condition." " Well, that will be lots of help to me, for I have many combs partly drone and partly worker that I did not know what to do with, and now I will make the bees patch them. But go on or I may not know how after all. ' ' "In all this work I alwaj's see that each little colony has a frame well filled with honey; for, should storms or cloudy windy weather come on at this time, they would build no comb of any amount, and might starve; while with the frame of honey they will go right on converting that honey into comb, storm or no storm. If the right number of frames is given to suit the size of the little colony they will fill them quickly, especially when honey is coming in from the fields; and each comb will be filled with worker brood as fast as built." "How long will they build worker comb?" "If not too strong they will generally build comb of the worker size of cells till the brood begins to emerge from the eggs first laid in the newly built combs by the queen; but as soon as many bees emerge they are liable to change to the drone size of cells; or if the little colony is quite strong in bees the}' may change the size of cells sooner than this if honey is coming in very rapidly." "What is to be done then?" "As soon as the first frames I gave them are fil'ed with comb I look to see about how many bees they have; and if they are still 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURF. 431 well stocked with bees, or are in a shape where I may expect that they will chang^e the size of cells before they reach the bottom of any frames they may have started with worker comb, I take out any full frames they may have alreadj' built, and thus put them in the same condition they were in when I started with that colony." "Will they do as well in this way as thej' did at first?" " They will not build combs quite as free- ly now as they did before, unless there can be some 3'Oung' bees emerging; so if I can, conveniently, I give them a comb contain- mostly honey with some emerging brood (if they have such a comb it is left with them, which is more often the case than other- wise) from some other colony, when they are ready to work the same as before. If just the right amount of brood is left, or given them, so that they stay in about the same condition, they will build worker comb all summer by the apiarist supplying them with hone}' or feed when none is com- ing in from the fields. If not so strong but that 1 think they will build worker comb still longer, instead of taking the brood awa}', I spread apart the combs now built, and insert one or more frames with starters between, when these will generally be filled with worker comb before enough young bees emerge for them to change the size of cell." "Suppose they do change the size of cell, what then?" "One thing is always to be kept in mind whenever you find them building drone comb. The combs they then have, all ex- cept the one mostly filled with honey, are to be taken away so that they may feel their need of worker brood again, when they will build cells of the worker size once more." "Have you used this plan much?" "To the extent that I have had hunrlreds of frames built full of worker comb in this way, hundreds completed that the bees had built partly full the season previous, and hundreds if not thousands patched where I had cut out patches of drone comb which had gotten in in one way or another; or where I had cut out pieces of comb having little larvae in that were to be used in queen- rearing. In this way the bees fix these holes in any comb in a very perfect manner; in fact, very much better than any man can do it by fitting in patches of worker comb as was the manner of fixing up combs having a little drc e comb in thetr, during the past. Therefore I do not fear mutilated combs nearly as much as I formerly did." "This has been an interesting and profit- able talk with me, and I feel very grateful to you for telling me so freely. I will be going now. Good day." "Good afternoon. If you see anyone of your bee-keeping friends who wishes amutilat^d comb fixed so it will be a surprise to him, tell him to give it to a little colony fixed the way I have described to you, and let him see what nice work they can do at patching with all- worker comb." ''I^f*^ ^m Thk bee keepers of Pennsylvania effected a permanent organization at Williamsport, Pa., April 12. The following were chosen as officers: President, H. A. Surface, of Harrisburg; Vice-president, E. E. Press- ler, of Williamsport; Secretary, Rev. L. D. Woods, of Muncy; Treasurer, E. L. Pratt, of Swarthmore ; Executive Committee, R. D. Barclay, of State College; C. N. Green, of Troy; E. F. Phillips, Philadelphia; E. A. Dempwolf, of York; J. D. Costello, of Harrison Valley. Two additional vice- presidents were chosen — John Prothero, of DuBois, and Wm. A. Selser, of Philadel- phia. Prof. F'rank Benton, of Washing- ton, delivered an address on bees, at the evening session. The next session will be in Harrisburg next December, of which due notice will be given. SUCCESSFUL WINTERING OUTDOORS IN SIN- GLE-WALLED HIVES. A SHORT time ago one of our friends and patrons, S. F. Miller, North Manchester, Ind., said he sent us an article that I ig- nored, something over a year before, that he said he considered to be one of the best on the subject of outdoor wintering that we had ever received; that he had aimed to give, briefly, to the bee-keeping public what had cost him something like $600 in loss of bees. I immediately had a search made, and found that such article had been sent, but it came in June, when it was entirely out of season, and when, as a rule, communi- cations on wintering are shoved aside, and the general subject of honey- production and summer work in general are of more vital interest. As our friend was an extensive bee-keeper ii seemed proper to go over the article very carefully, and discover what it was thai he considered of such vital inter- est to the bee-keepers at large. Well, here it is: It is wintering in single-walled 1 ives having a Hill device put on lop of the frame. A piece of old carpet is spread over the hive, large enough to hang down over the sides a half or two thirds of the way all around. Another one is spread on in the same way. Over this is then set an empty super, squarely over the top. This is filled full of rags p icked all rouml the edges. The oilcloth that covers the frames is then put over the whole, and, last of all, the regu- lar hive cover. This, in the opinion of cur correspondent, beats all cellar wintering he ever saw or heard tell of, better than a double- walled hive, and warmer. Chaff, he says, is too light. During the past severe winter he trans- ferred 380 colonies on empty frames in 27 432 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 different localities from 5 to 22 miles apart, and they all wintered well, notwithstand- ing that half the bees about him were dead from winter losses. Pel haps the matter is a little out of sea- son; but I am willing to place it before our readers; but I would suggest that they first test it in their own locality in a limited way. A plan or method that will answer for one bee-keeper or for one part of a State will often prove to be a failure in another. WINTER AND SPRING LOSSES HEAVIEST FOR 20 YEARS. The reports are still coming in, and the situation is, if anything, more serious than last reported. The losses are confined to localities around the lakes, mainly. As before, Michigan, New York, and Pennsyl- vania seem to be the chief sufterers. The backward spring has been a fearful setback to the bees. In York State the losses are so severe that not only the beginners but even the veterans, according to inspector Stewart, in many cases, have suffered heav- ily. Taking it all in all, I am rather of the opinion that the aggregate mortality for the lake regions will be the heaviest known for a period of over twenty years. another tall section USING SHIPPING CASES AND SUPERS. One of our neighbors, Mr. J. B. Hains, of Bedford, O., well known to our older sub- scribers— in fact, he was the inventor of the Hains feeder— uses a section 5- i in. high by 4% wide and Iji thick — that is, he di- vides up the length of a super, designed to hold 4X sections, into three equal spaces instead of four. For example, the section- holder is just 17 inches wide in the clear. If we divide up this 17 inches we get three spaces 5-3 inches each— instead of four. This makes it possible to use the section in an ordinary super, laying it on the side, of the dimensions above given. It also makes it possible to use the regular shipping- cases for 4 '4^ sections. Mr. Hains' argument in favor of this size is that it makes a thin comb of large surface, and it holds approxi- mately a pound; that the bees will fill these thin combs quicker, and finish better, than they will thicker ones, and that such sections fit his regular supers and shipping-cases without any change whatever. The boxes certainly present a very pretty appearance when filled with honey. Of course, a sec- tion taller than broad, laid on its side, or, more correctly speaking, a good deal broad- er than tall, will have one long side not so well filled out as the other long side, while a tall section that stands up in the super will have one short side imperfectlj' filled out instead of the long one. Mr. Hains says these sections laid on their side are nicely built out by the bees, and that no one but an expert would notice which way they were laid on the hive. Mr. R. C. Aikin, however, gave the rule that the bees would more readily build a comb downward, making it long, than they will build a shallow comb much wider than deep. I suppose there is something in it. But Mr. Hains prizes very much the feature of being able to use the regular supers and shipping-cases. SOME LESSONS GLEANED FROM INDOOR WIN- TERING; A POSSIBLE SOLUTION OF CON- FLICTING OPINIONS. During the past winter we have been conducting a series of experiments on the general subject of wintering, particularly respecting the indoor plan. Our readers will remember that I have advocated a large amount of ventilation for repositories, even going so far as to recommend the open- ing of doors at night, and closing them again in the morning in moderate weather. Experience with our bees under the ma- chine shop has shown most conclusively that far betti r results have been secured by giving the bees frequent infusions of fresh air than by shutting them up and compel- ling them to breathe the same air over and over, day after day. But in this there were some prominent and skillful bee keepers whj took issue, and it seemed difficult to harmonize their opinions with the other school to which I belonged who contended for ventilation. We put 2i0 colonies last winter into a small compartmei t under the machine shop, with the rumble and roar of machinery above, with the occasional dropping of heavy castings, and the constant walking to and fro of the employees during working hours. How did they come out? There was a loss of only one colony, and that a nucleus, out of the entire number. There were very few dead bees on the floor, and what there were showed no signs of disease. They were simply superannuated fellows that had served out their usefulness. I call- ed Mr. Vernon Burt and Mr. Francis Dan- zenbaker into the cellar the day before tak- ing the bees out, and they both pronounced themselves as being highly pleased with the conditions as they found them. Said Mr. Burt, "Why don't you winter all your bees here — save your stores, and be pre- pared for any kind of winter?" "I would, but I want to experiment for Gleanings," I said. "We will continue, however, to put in more and more bees un- til we finally have them all in." Ha: f of the 250 colonies were two and three frame nuclei, and they could not pos- sibly have survived outdoors. All of these were in healthy condition; and when we put a part of them outdoors a few days ago there was no spotting of the hives. But I wi&h I could show as good results in indoor wintering in the two out-yard cellars, each of which contained from 50 to 60 colonies. The one at the north yard was damp, although it was built on the cistern plan with a large ventilator, as recommend- ed by Mr. T. F. Bingham. From 10 to 15 per cent of the bees are dead, hives badly soiled, and there are many dead bees ia 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. > 433 the bottom of the cellar. At the south yard the conditions are about the same, but not quite so bad. Why, then, if we can winter so perfectly under the machine-shop, with all the rumble of the machinery, can we not do as well at the two outyard cellars where it is perfectly quiet? The conditions are largely the same, expect in the matter of temperature, which went down close to the freezing- point for long periods of time in both the outyard cellars. Right here was the cause of the dysentery and the losses — at least I do not look for it anywhere else. The dampness may have something to do with the matter, but I think not much. If the temperature could have been con- trolled by means of a stove when it went below 40, we should have seen far better results. How, then, do I harmonize the opinions of those who differ in the matter of ventilation? Simply this: A cellar that has a large ven- tilator is liable to have the temperature go considerably below 40; and it is better to have little or no ventilation than to have such a drop in the mercury; but far better still is it to have plenty of ventilation and a uniform temperature. Mr. Doolittle, in his sidehill cellar, can control, if I am correct, the temperature providing he does not have open-air ventilators by which the cold f . om the outside, or the warmth either, can be conveyed into the repository. In our machine-shop cellar we control the temper- ature within a range of 10 degrees, and at the same time give the bees fresh air — large quantities of it — whenever it warms up out- side suflficiently to raise the temperature inside. When I took Mr. Danzenbaker and Mr. Burt into the cellar the mercury show- ed 60 degrees — rather higher than usual; and they both will testify that the bees were very quiet, and the atmosphere clean and sweet. There were but few dead bees on the cellar bottom, and the conditions were almost perfect. Perhaps this discussion is a little out of season; but when we have just come out of our cellar wintering we can best compare notes, and be prepared to act accordingly for the next season. The result of our ob- servations thus far shows that, for success- ful indoor wintering, a uniform temperature centering around 45° F. is the first and most essential requisite; second, fresh air whenever the temperature goes above 55 ; third, dryness; fourth, good food. Now, then, I am prepared to indorse what Doo- little says, up to a certain extent. If a bee- cellar is in an outyard where artificial heat can not be supplied when the temperature goes low, there should be little or no venti- lation; but when the temperature can be controlled — and here is where I disagree with my friend, whose opinions I always value much — then give plenty of fresh air. I should like to have the whole bee keep- ing fraternity see the splendid results of ventilation, and control of temperature in our machine-shop cellar; and perhaps another winter I will arrange for a delega- tion of bee-keepers to come and see for them- selves the " proof of the pudding." Our shop cellar, with conditions as they are, is a great boon to us, because in the queen rearing business we have a large number of nuclei, and I think we can win- ter these about as well as we can winter strong colonies; and, what is of vastly more importance, we save anywhere from 5 to 10 lbs. per colony in the smaller consumption of stores. But this is not all. The light eaters will be more vigorous, and in better shape the coming spring. Show me a man who is a heavy eater and I will show you one with a red nose, and who probably will not live out his allotted days. He will complain of feeling old, sick, "grippy," and drowsy after meals. If the bees have to eat heavily to keep up animal heat they are drawing on their vitality, and will in consequence overcharge their intestines, re- esulting in dysentery. How about our outdoor bees? Our loss was about ten per cent. When they went into winter quarters they were all strong and in prime condition. The survivors are now little better than three-frame nuclei. But the outdoor bees fared about as well as those indoors where the temperature went down too low. dp;ath of gen. d. l. adair. The following has just come to hand on a postal card: General D I, Adair. Mexican-war veteran, and in- ventor of the Adair hive, expired suddenly at his resi- dence near Hawesville, Hancock Co., Ky.. yesterday morning from heart failure. He was above 8(J years old. J. c. I,Ewis. Adair, Kentucky, April 20. I shall have to explain to our younger readers that General Adair was at one time, some thirty years ago or more, one of the brightest and most valued writers for the American Bee Journal. It was he who gave us the Adair frame; and Adair and Gallup together gave us what was called the " Long-idea hive." If I am correct, it was Mr. Adair himself who first suggested that, instead of making the hive two or three stories high, we simply lengthen it out like a watering-trough, adding surplus combs to the back end opposite the entrance as fast as they were needed, according to the growth of the colony and the amount of honey coming in. Just now I recall only one apiary that is managed in this way. Our friend O. O. Poppleton, of Stuart, Fla., still uses this arrangement very suc- cessfully. He claims he gets just as much or more honey, and he also obviates the ne- cessity of lifting off an upper story, which his strength will not permit him to do. Gsneral Adair was a vigorous writer, and I believe he was a successful bee-keeper. About the time Gleanings started (1873) he somehow or other dropped out of sight — probably becoming engaged in other busi- ness; and I have several times thought it rather unfortunate that he should have so suddenly ceased writing for any of the bee- periodicals. 434 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mav I It would seem from the above notice that, even though General Adair did die of heart failure, he lived to a good old age. During the time he was actively engaged in apicul- ture, and writing for the journals, he did much to stir up an interest in apiculture, and to turn deep thinkers and experimen- ters into channels that might not otherwise have been explored. It was his (or his an- cestors') name, if I am not mistaken, that gave the town of Adair, where the above postal card was written, its name. About the time Gleanings was started, I had a chromo made of a hexagonal api- ary, each hive being shaded by a grape- vine. At that time I planned a standard extractor, a standard hive, and a standard frame. My standard frame at that date was the Adair, ll^XlS^; and the stan- dard hive was made long enough to hold 20 frames, one story high, the entrance being at one end. At that time I endeavored to get the bee-keepers of the world united on a standard frame, and suggested the above dimensions. Very soon I found out, how- ever, I had made a mistake. There were not only more frames of the Langstroth di- mensions in common use than any other, but the majority of the bee-keepers preferred the Langstroth size to any other; and, if I am not mistaken, the same has held good during all the thirty or moie years since then. Another of the veteran bee-keepers and writers has been called to his long home — another reminder to those of us who are getting well along in years that our stay in this world is coming to a close. Peace to the ashes of Bro. Adair. — A. I. R. THE GROWING POPULARITY OF THE FENCE SYSTEM. Very recently I had occasion to go over some of our back volumes, and also some other periodicals devoted to bee-keeping. Some things interested me, especially in the light of the present. When I first in- troduced* the fence and plain- separator system I was enthusiastic in its praise. But very soon there began to be doubting Thomases. The new thing was declared to be a doubtful innovation, a silly fad, notwithstanding it had up to that time been used by various persons for eight or ten years with a good deal of success. It is somewhat interesting noiv to read over the prophecies of failure that were made then. It was declared that the plain sections would not crate, and that the whole system was a fraud on the public. The condemna- tion that was heaped on it reached the point of personal abuse. Now what are the re- sults? In spite of this opposition it has steadily worked itself into favor among bee- keepers, until the fences are now made in one factory alone at the rate of half a mil- lion a year — enough to super twro million plain sections at a time. Honey in plain * By this I do not mean "invent" or "originate," for I did neither. I simply brought before the public an old thing which I thought had great merit. sections has come to be very common on the market; and the idea that it won't crate is exploded long ago. There is no feeling of pride on my part because that system as a whole has been vindicated away beyond my expectations, nor, on the other hand, any feeling of re- sentment. When a new thing is introduced, especially if it has any merit, there is al- ways bound to be, if the past is any criteri- on, more or less opposition, even from good men. This is but natural, for it is a fact that many things are foisted on the public before they have been carefully tried. Very often the public and not the manufacturer is the sufferer. The following is a sample of the letters that now come in. Contrast this with the utterances of a few years ago. NO BRACE-COMBS WITH FENCE SEPARATORS. Mr. Dibbern says he has had trouble with bract- combs where fence separators are used. I use the ten- frame Langstroth hive and Danzenbaker super, and have had no trouble with brace-combs. I have used solid board separators, but I have had more trouble with brace-combs than with the plain tall section and fence separators; in fact. I do not remember having brace-combs attached to slat separators. Almost all of my comb honey this year was in tall plain sections, and you would think that it had been made by machinery. I sent some to a retired comb- honey producer, and he pronounced it the finest comb honey lie had ever seen. I use full sheets of foundation in sections, and would not think of using starters, as I get, I think, a fourth more honey or more by using full sheets. I consider the fence separators and tall plain sections the greatest boon to comb-honey producers ever intro- duced. Walter M. Parrisa. Lawrence, Kan. michigan's last pines; their awful slaughter; is there a substitute for white pine for hives? There is something grand and majestic in the half tone of those pines shown else- where, and at the same time something aw- ful and melancholy too — grand and majes- tic because of their stately dignity and the utter stillness that breathes through their very atmosphere; a-vful and melancholy be- cause of the ax and the forest- fires of man. When I last went through Michigan, spinnmg by vast areas of devastated coun- try blackened by fires showing only here and there black shafts of the once noble pine in all its primeval glory, there was a feeling of sadness that came over me. The land was unproductive for agricultural purposes, and, contrary to what we might naturally suppose, instead of new pines springing up to replace those cut away, worthless scraggly scrub oaks dotted the ground here and there, with here and there a hovel where dwelt some man and his fam- ily too poor to move to better soil. When I made the inquiry whether the pine could not be made to grow on land where they once grew, I received doubtful responses. Pines, it was said, would not spring up spontaneously like other forest-trees; and even if they did, the hunters with their campfires would soon make short work of them. Have there been no attempts made on the part of the State to reseed or replant 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 435 MICHIGAN'S LAST PINKS. — PHOTOGRAIMIKU I!Y W. Z. HUTCHINSON. This shows the virgin forest white-;iue trees of which hives are made— the only really good timber in the world for the purpose. The section shows a part of a small tract of white pines in Otsego Co., Mich.— the last tract of its kind in the State, and one of the last in the whole countrv. This particular lot is now being rapidly cut out with a mammoth sawmill equipment at the enormous (shall I say awful?! rate of 200,000 feet every 24 hours, the year round. At this rate these grand old monarchs that, in day's gone by. have made Michigan great, will soon be gone, never to be replaced. See opposite page. 436 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 with new pines? Yes, but they were abor- tive, and the experiment was a failure. Thousands and thousands of acres of land that once sold at big- prices, because of these very pines now all gone, are begg^ing an owner who will even pay taxes on them. The land is just as good as it ever was for growing pines; but the conditions brought about by civilization have made the starting of new trees impossible. Laws have been passed, restricting hunters; but the Indian, who is amenable to no law, will build his fire when and where he pleases. I had supposed that all the Michigan white pine had been cut out of the State; but it seems my brother- editor, Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson, editor cf the Bee-keepers' Re- view, has found one small tract — not so very very small, either, in a way, but small in comparison with what these tracts once were before so-called civilization had push- ed itself among them. From a photograph- ic point of view the original of this picture is a work of art.* The illumination, the high lights and shadows, the penetration, definition, and atmosphere, are all ideal. W. Z. H. has a true sense of the poetic and artistic; and when he walked some five miles over the ties, carrying a big camera (for the lumber company would not let him ride on a log- train without a permit), and when he bunked with the lumber men in camp, and partook of their rations, and when he spent hours and hours of time hunting for the right spot, and waiting for the light to get just right, he showed the instincts of a true amateur — a type of a lim- ited class of artists who a' e more expert than the average professional. I have tried my hand at taking pictures; but I always feel like taking off my hat to my brother editor, who excels me every time; and I do not feel so very bad about it either; for there are very few amateurs in the country who can equal him, and fewer still who can surpass him. But let us go back to the subject of our picture. Is there any timber in all the world that meets all the conditions required in a hive so well as white pine? The echoing re- sponses from thousands of bee-keepers ans- wer back, "No, no." There are other timbers that will stand the weather, but they are so tough as to be hard to work. There are other timbers that are workable, but thej^ will not endure the sun and the rfiin. Go over this world where you will, there is no other wcxid that is so suitable for general purposes as the genuine white pine. There is a so-called white pine in Oregon; but it is tough, brit- tle, and lacks many of the essential quali- ties that have made the white pine of Mich- igan so famous. There is the ri dwood of California, perhaps the very best substitute for white pine in hives; but it has the dis- agreeable fashion of shrinking endwise, being brittle, and unsuitable for brood- *I wish our reproducticn of it could be as good. frames. It stands .'v dry climate perhaps better than white pine; but in other respects it is not the equal of it. The sugar pine of Central California is another excellent tim- be; but it, too, tough and brittle, falls far short of the ideal conditions. The yellow pines of the South (and we may have to use them some day) are too pitchy, and the timber too heavy, to be really suitable. The whitewood of Kentucky does very well, but it will not stand the weather, and has to be constantly covered with paint or it will soon deteriorate. Bass wood will not weath- er either, and, besides, it is becoming near- ly as scarce as white pine. The inevitable conclusion is, that the best timber in all the world f^r hives is becoming scarcer and scarcer; else why should bee-keepers east, west, south, and north pay bigger prices for hives made of it? The most of our white pine comes from Canada, with the duty added. How long this supply of our northern borders will last is hard to say; but the same machinery that cleaned out our own timber has been imported across the line, over into Oregon, and throughout the South. No effort is be- ing made to replace our valuable timbers; and the coming generation may be compel- led t3 use brick, stone, and iron, and per- haps strawboard and other material made from scrub timbers ground up and worked over into a pulp. The sad thing about it is one generation does not have very much regard for the generation that is to come. We look out too much for our present needs, without a thought of what posterity will require. If we could grow pine and bass- wood as we grow hay and straw, enough to take care of a season's supply, then the problem would be simple. BEES ASA NUISANCe(?). It would seem almost out of place to dis- cuss this question in a work intended for perusal and studj'of those who believe, and rightly, too, that bees are not a nuisance; but, as I shall show, there are reasons why we should calmly discuss this question in ord^r that we may avoid trouble that may arise in the future. Certain difficulties have arisen between the keepers of bees and their neighbors. Perhaps the bees, after a long winter confinement, have taken a flight and soiled the washing hung on the line in a neighbor's yard; perhaps some of his children have been stung; perhaps there have been times when he has been an- noyed while in the peaceable possession of his own property by bees coming on to his own premises, and smelling around, as they will sometimes do during the canning sea- son when fruit is put up, when the aroma of sugar and of the juicy fruits is flowing out through the dewrs and windows of the kitchen. Perhaps the offended neighbor keeps chickens, and members of his feather- ed tribe have trespassed on the grounds of the bee-keeper. The result of all this is that a bad feeling arises. Complaint is 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 437 made to the village fathers; an ordinance is passed declaring bees within the limits of the CO poration to be a nusiance, and re- quiring the keepers of them to remove them at once or suffer the penalty of fine or im- prisonment, or both. In some instances, live stock has been stung; a cow or a calf or a horse may get near the entrances of the hives, vphich, we will say, are within a foot of a dividing line between the two adjoining properties. Perhaps the stock is stung nearly to death. Damage is claimed, a lawsuit follows, with the result that a feeling of resentment is stirred up against the bee keeper. But this is not all. Possibly the bee-keeper has an apiary in his front yard, bordering on the general highway. A nucleus may be robbed out, with the result that the bees are on the war-path, and begin to sting passersby. Perhaps a span of horses is attacked; a runaway follows; damages are claimed, and another lawsuit is begun. In the foregoing I have supposed possible instances. It is proper to state that they are only types of what has occurred and may occur again, and it behooves bee-keep- ers to be careful. In the case first mentioned (the washing- of the aggrieved neighbor soiled by the stains from bees affected with dysentery) , it is well for the bee- keeper to send over several nice sections of honey, or offer to pay for the damage done to the washing. Nothing makes a woman madder than to have her nice clean white linen, after she has scrubbed, rinsed, and hung it out to dry, daubed with nasty, ill- sinelling brown stains. But if our bee- keeping friend will take pains to offer an apology before the woman makes complaint, and show a dis- position to make the matter good, trouble may be averted. And right here let me say, if the bees are in the cellar do not set them out on wash-days; or if they are outdoors, and the sun comes out bright, and they be- gin to fly strongly from the hives, send word to 5'our neighbors and ask them not to put their washing out, if it is wash-day, for a few hours. Send along a few boxes of hon- ey, and keep the folks across the way "sweet- ened up." Ninety-nine neighbors out of a hundred will put up with a great deal of in- convenience, and saj', "Oh! that is all right. It won't take long to rinse out the clothes again." Take, for example, the more serious cases where horses or cattle have been stung. If you have been foolish enough to place your hives near the highway or your neighbor's line fence where he has loose stock, you may have to pay pretty dearly for it before 30U get through. The remedy is preven- tion. Always put the bees in a back yard, and not too close to your neighbor's line fence. Be careful, also, to prevent robbing. See that there are no weak nuclei with en- trances too large. As soon as the honey- flow stops, contract the entrances of all the weaker colonies. If extracting is done aft- er the honey-flow, great caution needs to be exercised. The extracting-room should be screened off, and bee-escapes should be pro- vided. Wherever possible, take off all sur- plus by the use of bee-escapes rather than by shaking. But we will suppose you do get into trou- ble. What are you going to do about it? We will assume that a city or village ordi- nance has been passed, and that your bees have been declared a nuisance. Do not move the bees if you have used reasonable precaution, but write at once to the Manag- er of the National Bee keepers' Association, whose address will be found in the back part of this book. If you are a member of the Association you will be entitled to pro- tection, and possibly all or a part of the court expenses will be paid by the organi?- ation. But the Association does not under- take to defend its members against criminal carelessness of such a kind as I have already described; but when the bee-keeper has ex- ercised every precaution, then it endeavors to protect his rights. This means, then that you should become a member before you get into trouble. The annual fee for mem- bership and protection is $1.00. Well, we will say the attorneys have been retained, and the Association is back of you. Any number of decisions have been handed down to prove that bees are not a nuisance per se; that, when they are proper- ly kept, and due precautions are used, they can not be driven out of the corporation There are several precedents from various courts, even from the Supreme Court of Ar- kansas, to show that bees have a right to be kept within a corporation like any other live stock, so that any ordinance not in conform- ity with these decisions can be declared un- constitutional. Several ordinances declar- ing bees to be a nuisance havebeen repealed — From nezu edition of the A B C of Bee Culture, now in press. CUTTING CANDIED HONEY WITH A WIRE, OLD Referring to the matter of cutting can- died honey with a wire, one of our corres- pondents, Mr. William Russell, of Minne- apolis, Minn., writes us that he has beer using it for over ten years, and he supposed it was so old that every one knew about it. and he adds that the use of a taut wire to cut cheese, butter, and other like substances, has been in vogue across the water for thirty years. I have known that such use had been made, but did not kn )w of its em- ployment for cutting candied honey. This scheme of cutting honey has now been before the bee-keeping public for two months, and only one correspondent, since then, Mr. Russell, speaks of using it before. It would appear from this that it could not have been in very general use by bee- men or we should have heard from it more promptly. From his ten years' use of the plan per- haps our correspondent can give us some new facts of interest, whether such honey continues to s' 11, whether it softens in sum- mer, how to cut, etc. 438 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 RELATIVE VARIATION OF DRONES ANDWORKERS. The Importance of Large Drones. BY E. F. PHILLIPS. It is, no doubt, well known to most of the readers of Gleanings that the drones in a hive vary in color more than do the workers from the same queen. Another fact still more easily seen is that there is a great difference is the shape of the body in drones which hatch from worker- cells and those which hatch from the regular drone-cells. From these two facts the inquiry arose as to whether the drones or the workers showed the greater amount of variation in other parts of their bodies; and to test this the writer, together with Dr. D. B. Casteel, of the University of Pennsylvania, made a se- ries of measurements of 500 drones and 500 we divided the length of the vein marked a by the length of the vein marked b, and got a fraction which represented their relative lengths. After this measurement was all done (and it took considerable time) we ar- ranged our results in the form of tables. Since these tables were made out to prove a point which has no bearing on apiculture I will not give them here; but they will be published elsewhere, since they are, per- haps, of interest from the standpoint of zo- ology. The facts brought out were that the drones vary more than the workers, and that the variation depends on the cell from which the bee hatches. For example, a drone from a worker-cell is long and narrow, with long narrow wings, while a drone from a full-sized drone-cell is fat, and has wide strong wings. Now, the point which interests apiculture workers. In this work the wings were cho- sen, since they were the most satisfactory organs that we could find, as they do not shrink in alcohol. Before going into details a few words along another line may be allowed. As is well known, the drones come from parthen- ogenetic eggs, and the workers from fertil- ized eggs. On general principles it might be supposed that, since the workers have two parents, they would naturally vary all the way between these two parents in their characters, while the drones, with one pa- rent only, would tend to be like that one parent. If we did nothing but sit down and reason the thing out we shDuld come to the conclusion that the workers would vary more than the drones; but while reasoning is all right in its place, it must be preceded by observation, and we shall see in what follows how well our reasoning serves us. The illustrations which accompany this article show the vems on the wings of the bee. Five measurements were taken for each bee measu' ed, and the points marked in dotted lines show what these measure- ments were. Besides this, for each wing most is this: Since the drone's size and power depend on the cell from which it comes, it is of the utmost importance that full sized drone comb be furnished when the drones are to be used for fertilizing queens. If nothing but worker foundation is given to the bees, the drones will be small, and their organs will not get a chance to develop as they should, and their wings are not strong enough to support them when they take the marriage- flight with the queen. Small drones are perfectly capable of fertilizing a queen, as all bee-keepers know; but in the race for the queer, it is the largest drone that is suc- cessful; and, in case a small drone does catch the queen, he will not be able to give enough spermatic fluid to last her through life, and she will soon dwindle. There is one fact that some queen-breeders overlook, and it seems very desirable to point it cut as plainly as possible. The male has just as much influence on the off- spring as has the female, and just as much care should be exercised in the choice of the drones in a yard as is used in choosing the breeding queen. If a man pays $10 for a breeder, and then lets all kinds and sizes of drones fly in his yard, he generally gets what he deserves; and that is, a poor lot of queens. It is the customer who suft'ers, since a queen may leave the apiary tested, and in capital condition, and the results of incomplete fertilization not show for some time. Of course it may happen that the breeder gets fairly good results; but he 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 439 must not take any credit to himself for it. All drones from poor queens should be trapped, and all good queens should be provided with drone comb — on drone foun- dation— to make sure that their drones will be large; and it is just as necessary to do one of these things as the other. The rea- scn that drone foundation is recommended is that the transition cells between drone and worker sizes produce irregular drones, and the use of foundation overcomes this. If any of the readers of Gleanings have any facts which prove or disprove the re- sults of our measurements it would be con- sidered a favor if they would write me a letter stating^ these facts. Dr. Casteel and myself do not care to ask for theories, since we can make those up to suit ourselves; but any reliable information might be of considerable help, and offer suggestions for more of this work, which will be done in the future by one or both of us. In case any one has any suggestion to offer, the letter may be addressed to Biological Hall, Universit}'^ of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and will be appreciated. Philadelphia, Pa. PACK MULES FOR CARRYING BEE-SUPPLIES. Making Use of Tbem for a Yard up in the Moun. tains. BY HENRY E. WOEST. I have an apiary located eight miles from a wagon-road, with only a pack trail to it. There are now 130 colonies of bees in it. The honey- cans were packed on the donkey and horses. Bee-hives, tank, extractor, etc., were packed on the three animals in the three former years. In the photo the donkey has on 22 five-gallon honey- cans. I have packed lumber from one to twelve feet long on those three animals. A load would be from 60 to 120 feet of lumber, depending on weight. During the year 1903 I packed on those animals 350 empty five-gallon honey- cans, () tons extracted honey, and 3500 feet of lumber with which to build a house. Newhall, Cal , April 12. A WISCONSIN APURY THAT PRODUCED 15,000 LBS. OF HONEY LAST SEASON. A Galvanized Hive-cover. BY LOUIS C. KOEHLER. I mail you two photos. One shows a part of our apiary of 252 colonies. From this apiary we received, during the past season, 15,000 lbs. of extracted honey. We do not raise comb honey for sale. The little that we do raise we give away. We have a re- tail market in the neighboring towns where we dispose of all our honey. Some of our customers consume as much as 150 lbs. The other photo shows the front room of our extracting-house. This house, which is 16X28 ft., is used only for apparatus be- longing to the bee business. The back room is our storage- room for honey, and the upper story is used for storing empty boxes, supers, supplies, etc. A HORSELESS WAGON t-OK CARRYING BEE-SUPPLILS UP INTO THE MOUNTAINS. 440 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 You will notice that I use a false or weather cover over the regular cover. At drst I used hali-inch boards for this cover, mostly basswood; but I found that, in spite of paint, the cover would not last long, and clear lumber became quite an expensive thing, besides the trouble of renewing the cover every lew years. Then I tried roof- ing tin for covers, without any boards on top, but I did not find that very satisfac- tory. The tin would rust through in a few years, quickest where it was nailed. Be- sides, the covers were too light to stay on in any wind; they would also bend up so that they became very bad-looking at best. I next tried galvanized iron, but found that it would also rust where a nail was driven, and found the same trouble with the wind. The cover I use at present, the kind you see on most of the hives in the photos, I find perfectly satisfactory. It consists of a rim and a rounding lop covered with galvan- ized iron crimped over the projecting edges of the top. This does away with the nail- ing, as the galvanized iron is held on by means of the crimping of the edges. The cover is also heavier, and is more firm. The boards under the galvanized iron may be of any grade, as they are not exposed to the weather. The only thing that I see against :he covers is the first expense; but I believe that, in the long run, they are the cheap: est. Tisch Mills, Wis., Jan, 13. [Your interior view suggests several inter- rogation-marks. What about that Given found ition- press that shows over to the right of the picture? Is it in service yet? and if so. what about the foundation? Then we notice that one of your extractors is high-geared, and the other low^-geared. Why this? Can you not give us a little more light? Your picture suggests that you are a practical bee-keeper.— Ed.] LABOR-SAVING IN SNOWY WINTERS. The Experience of a Veteran. BY T. F. BINGHAM. The uncertainty of winter, and the fuss of putting bees in a cellar, have left the winter problem a debatable one in the mid- dle and northern portion of the United States. Continuous uniform cold has not, wi'hin the past twelve years, pervaded so wide a region as has the winter just past. From Nov. 1 to March 14 not a single day has favored or permitted the flight of bees, even in protected places, in this vicinity; koehler's apiary with galvanized covers. 1%4 CLi'.AXixGS i.\ i;i:l: cuLiiki -!41 and while the extreme cold has not been anj' greater than usual the warm or mild sunny days have gone far below the aver- age. The warming-up of thin frosty hives, so frequently observed in the journals, has been practically eliminated. Of course, it is too early to obtain any definite data regarding the outcome. All we can know at present is that it has been a source of great satisfaction to feel that bees were at least no worse situated in a good or even poor depository than if out in the snowdrifts for so long a period. It is true we have not had to shovel out the hives in order to allow the bees to have a cleansing flight, as would have been a ne- cessity had an occasional warm day occur- red. Those further south than Michigan, no doubt, have had sufficiently unsettled weather to enable their bees to fly; but, so far as I can learn, this State, while in lat- itude differing- widely, has not materially differed in cold. In fact, our extreme cold here has been less than elsewhere in the State. We have no signal office here, but we have in man3' private yards thermome- ters, none of which have registered more than 20° below at any time, and only once at that, which was in December; since that, two or three mornings 15° to 17° below. Now, in my yard where the bees usually are in summer the snow is a smooth com- pact drift two feet deep (March 12); I need not write how much trouble my air tight multi- ventilated water-lime cellar has saved me this winter; and now, while the March winds are blowing-, the bees are as content- ed as they were a month ago. They can be kept another month with the facilities of ventilation possessed with little inconven- ience. Then comes the one thing not enjoy- ed by bee-keepers; viz., getting them out on their summer stands. It is not certain how they will come up out of the cellar. Last fall an elevator was provided to lower them into the cellar, and the machine was a great success; but the bees then were in no haste to fly out. A month hence it will be dif- ferent, and perhaps they will be carried up- stairs with less trouble some other way. Farwell, Mich. A FEW POINTS ON SHAKEN SWARMS. A Method of Management for Comb Honey whereby one Can be Away from his Bees all Day with- out Danger of Swarms Leaving. BY GEORGE SHIBER. One of your correspondents, p. 289, asks for a plan of management of bees during swarming, saying that he had tried shak- ing them, but they all swarmed out, and THE INTERIOR OF KOEHLKR'S EXTRACTING ROOM. 442 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 that he had to leave his bees from 7 a. m. until 6 p. M. each day. Years ago this swarming business was a more serious problem than now. If my friend Sturm's bees all absconded after shaking there must be faulty management somewhere. He says he "shook three," and three absconded. For his benefit and that of any one else who is bothered in this way, let me tell how I manage forty colonies, and was obliged to be away from home the season through from 7 A. M. Monday until 6 p. M. Friday. Every Saturday I went through the hives that were likely to swarm. Those that had queen-cells with hatched larv^ or sealed cells were treated as follows: An empty hive was prepared with six or seven Hoff- man frames with half-inch starters and one comb of hatching larvae. This new hive was placed upon the stand of the one to be operated upon. Previously the old colony was thoroughly smoked to cause them to fill their honey-sacs. An empty body was placed on the new hive (no cover on the new hive) ; the old hive with bees and combs on this empty body; over the top, place one of Dr. Miller's rob- ber cloths; smoke under the cloth, flopping it as you smoke; then quickly pick out each frame and shake into an empty body below; place combs of brood, now free of bees, in another body, and place it over a weak col- ony. Now go back to swarm; sweep the bees down into their new hive from the sides of the empty body on to the six frames of starters and the one comb of brood. This comb of brood can be taken from the shak- en hive, but see that there are no queen- cells on it. Now put the supers on from the old hive. Perhaps there was one super on the old hive, partly filled. If so, put another one empty underneath. Cover them up, and, if clover is in bloom, they will do you some good. I shook perhaps 25 or 30 last year, and never had a failure. Some years they have swarmed out, but not many. The ones most likely to swarm out are the ones with a sealed queen-cell. I have fig- ured that they have planned to swarm, and they seem to think it natural to do so, whether they were shaken the day before or not. Not all will do this; but these are the ones that do, if any. Place a shade-board over the shaken swarm, and give them a good deep entrance. The old combs of brood placed over a weak colony can be used for extracted hon- ey, for in a week or so they will be quite strong; and if the season is prolonged they will gather quite an amount of extracted honey. One thing more — I have concluded that combs are better to shake bees on than starters, if I have them; and I get more honey from such. I usually use about six combs. Bees will at first fill these combs with honey; but in a few days the queen will need all the room in six combs to lay in, and the honey finds its way upstairs. Starters are more profitable to use than foundation, for full sheets to fill six frames will cost about 35 cts. , and I don't think you make any more by the use of it over starters. The queen will lay more readily in old black combs than in new ones, so the new comb from foundation the bees fill with hon- ey before the queen uses it, and then seem loath to carry it upstairs; but with the black comb, instinct seems to teach them that that is the place to rear brood. The plan of forced swarming is certainly a long step in advance. Last year I managed forty ^colonies on the above plan, secured a good crop of hon- ey, and devoted only one day in the week to them; all this takes practice and time to learn and become familiar with. I have been twenty years learning how, and want to learn more. Randolph, N. Y., March 28. A HOME-MADE UNCAPPING-DEVICE. Some Good Ideas. BY C. J. GREENE. As there may be others who, like myself, do not feel that they can afl^ord to buy one of the expensive uncapping-cans as shown in the catalogs, and also want one that will hold several frames after they have been uncapped, I submit the following descrip- tion of an inexpensive uncapping-tank. The tank is made of one piece of galvan- ized iron 28 inches wide and 40 long, cut at the corners and turned up to form a pan 18 '4 X30 outside measure, and has a honey-gate soldered to one end at the lower corner so as to drain the pan. This tank is placed in a box made of half inch lumber, which is 18j/(X30 inside measure, and 5>2 inches deep, with legs at the CDrners which extend below the box about 11 inches, the front legs being made an inch shorter than the back legs, to allow the honey to run toward the gate. In making the box, first nail the sides to the inside of the legs, even with the outside edge of the legs; then let the ends extend to the outside of the legs. This leaves the box with square corners inside. The front end is notched over the gate, and held in place by four screws. By removing this piece the tank can be lifted out and used on the kitchen-range for bottling hon- ey, etc. This is one of its useful points. Over this tank is placed a frame made of IX 1-inch strips having the same inside measure as the box, and covered with wire cloth, the same as is used in extractors, and supported by 3 cross- strips which may be V shaped, with the sharp edge next to the screen — see B B. The screen is held in place by four small brads which are out- side the box next to the legs. Above the screen is a box made in the same way as the lower one, but without bottom, and twelve or more inches deep. On top of this is fitted a sliding frame, see D. This frame is made of two pieces of 1X1 inch, 1*'04 GLEANINGS IN lU-.I". Cl'l.irRK. 443 two inches longer than the width of the tank, and three cross sticks, •> inches long. At the ends on the under side are nailed '2- Fig. 1. — upper and lower case, with screen E ; rack D; gate C ; A, section of wire-screen frame showing triangular braces B B. inch strips to hold the frame in place. This frame is for frames to rest on while uncapping-. In operation draw the frame D to the end of the tank nearest the extractor, and uncap the first extracting-frame and drop it in the end of the tank, pushing resting- frame D along, and so on till you reach the other end of the tank. This distributes cappings may be made at home, from lumber of pack- ing boxes, or such cheap material, so you see it is a very cheap arrangement for so useful a one. The legs and corners are made of 1X2 in. strips. The object in having legs on it, rather than a solid box, is to allow you to stand closer to it in working. Owens Mills, N.Y., Feb. 25. [Your ideas are most ex- cellent, and come at a time when the bee-keeper may make a machine and have it ready for use this season. The only suggestion or im- provement that I would make would be to make frame D narrower, and mount in the middle of it a nail- point pro- jecting upward, on which the end-bar of the frame to be uncapped can be pivoted. But, say — when the wire cloth has been heaped up with cappings is there not danger that the honey drip- pings would run over the sides ? To prevent this I would suggest again that the tray have a raised rim of two or three inches. Our artist failed to show the bottom tray notched out to receive the honey- gate for removal of the pan. — Ed.] SECTIONAL BROOD-CHAMBERS. Some of their Principal Advantages, and an Impor- tant and Valuable Suggestion on how to Make Forced Swarms Stay " Shook." BY M. R. KUEHNE. Fig. 2. — Galvanized tank of one piece ; G, method of lappiiig the corners ; F, flat metal showing how to clip corner before turning up. evenly over the screen. Thus twelve or more frames may be uncapped and left to drip in the tank. When these are extract- ed, commence again. If you wish to uncap more frames at one time, one or more supers may be placed on top to hold uncapped frames. Now as to cost: The only part that needs to be paid for right out is the galvanized tank. Mine cost me $1.90, complete with honey-gate. Then the wire cloth for screen will cost a few cents. All the other parts As you invite correspondence from bee- keepers who have used the sectional brood- chambers, i. e., two or more Ideal supers with shallow frames for a brood-ncst, p. 23, 1 wish to give my experience with them, and also some other things. I am well aware that perhaps locality as well as circumstances and the different management has much to do with one's like or dislike of using these shallow frames, which, of course, have their advantage as well as disadvantage; but I must say that, after using them side by side with the deep frames for quite a number of years, I have finally come to the conclusion not to invest in any more ceep frames. As to disadvantage, I could mention a very serious one, especially where one practices migratory bee keeping — that is, to fasten two or more supers so they will stay fastened in moving over rough roads of difi^erent descriptions, especially in mountainous countries like California. But there is surely one great advantage in using a shallow frame where one has out- 444 CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 apiaries and has to use the force-swarm method; and this is, the bees will build more worker comb after they are shaken oflF on to two half bodies, and the final re- moval of the lower half. I have had them build every comb of the ten used worker- cells; but more often the outside combs, and perhaps one or two more, would contain small corners of drone cells, which corners could easily be cut out and replaced with worker comb; whereas, by using- the deep frames I had no end of drone- cells, besides the trouble of making- the bees stay. This question of making them stay after shaking off has troubled many bee-keepers besides myself a good deal formerly; but by close attention to details this trouble can be easily overcome. When I first practiced the shaking-off plan I would, as many do it to day, shake the bees off after they indi- cated their intention to swarm by deposit- ing eggs in queen-cells. I thought I had no time to fool away. As a rule I had to hive them again the next day, and perhaps a few times more, thereby losing more time than if I had done it right at first. The first instructions I had about shak- ing off bees, as given by Mr. Stachelhau- sen, plainly point out that the prospective ssvarm should be thoroughly aroused by smoking, and pounding on the hive, so that the bees will fill themselves with honey, just as they do before leaving the hive as a swarm. Is it any wonder the bees refuse to stay in an empty hive with a prospect of starving before them? It took me quite a while to find out that this arousing the bees was the most important point; and I find that many bee-keepers entirely overlook this, and therefore denounce the forced- swarm method as impracticable — the same as I reasoned not so very long ago. But, to come back to Ihe shallow-frame and hive question. I consider the use of the shallow hive as invaluable in the production of comb honey. After I reduce the hive to but one super, with every frame of the ten filled with brood, egg-s, larvae, the bees have simply no room for storage of honey, and therefore all has to go up into the sec- tions. Plenty of bees hatch every day, so the queen has empty cells to lay in. This has to be closely watched, as the queen must be given room to lay in or she will swarm out. Of course, this makes extra work; but who would not be willing to do a little ex- tra work for a superful of nice honey? When the honey season draws to an end, the section supers must be taken off and shallow extracting frames given for the bees to fill for winter or they will starve. To sum it all up, the whole secret oi suc- cess is not so much how you do things, but how conscientiotisly you do things — how much attention you pay to details. A very small item overlooked means failure, espe- cially in ccmb honey production. In closing this article I should like to ask the following question: Why do you not use white Cottonwood for sections? This will bend as readil3' as bass wood, if not better; is cheaper, and more easily obtained along our great river bottoms. There is a certain kind just as white as basswoor, and takes as good a finish, to my knowledge. As to four-piece sections, it seems to me that would be too much tinkering when you have to put from 6000 to 10 000 sections together at a time. The only advantage would be that a bee-keeper could make them himself with very little machinery. Pomona, Cal. [The idea of getting bees well filled with honey before shaking is important, and may account for the failures of some who may have overlooked it. The reader may read this article over very carefully, and some parts of it he had better " paste in his hat." Regarding sectional brood chambers, if the truth were known we would find that very few who have given them a compara- tive test (I know of only one) have aban- doned them. There is not enough cotton- wood for section-making. — Ed.] SWARMS WITH CLIPPED QUEENS; THE POP- PLETON SULPHUR CURE FOR BEE PA- RALYSIS A SUCCESS. I write to ask about clipping the wings of queens. I have only twenty colonies, so of course I can not afford to put in much of my time around them. During the swarm- ing season, I look at them at noon when I come from the field to dinner, and then look at them again just before going to work. What would be the result if I should clip my queens, and they should swarm when I am not around? My hives all rest on the ground with only a li'tle piece of board under them. Would you advise me to clip my queens under the circumstances? I had three colonies affected with paraly- sis about three weeks ago, so I tried the sulphur remedy of Mr. O. O. Poppleton, page 796, Sept. 15, 1903. I made a small bag of cheese-cloth, put about a heaping tablespoonful of sulphur into it, then took out two frames from the brood chamber, shook the sulphur over them thoroughly, then shook the bag in ihe space left by them; slid the next frame along, shook between it and the next, and so on through the hive. I think every bee on the combs got a thorough dusting with the sulphur, and there was plenty on the combs for the bees that should come in from the fields. I then dusted the sulphur in 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 445 the entrance, and around the front of the hive on the ground. My bees seemed to be benefited immediately by the sulphur, very few dyings alter I gave it to them. ', I suppose my plan takes a great deal more sulphur, but it saves a great deal of time, and the amount of extra sulphur used is of less value than the extra time saved in applying it. A. B. JuDSON. Escondido, Cal., Mar. 7. [I would clip the wings of the queen and then follow the plan outlined by Geo. Shi- ber on page 441. — Ed.] HOW TO PUT CANDIED CHUNK HONEY INTO MARKETABLE CONDITION. I have 300 or 400 lbs. of chunk honey that has granulated, and is of dull sale at any price. Can I heat this hot enough to melt cut the comb, and feed the honey back to the bees? Will it injure it by heating? Would you dilute it with water? Is not this honey more liable to start robbing than granulated sugar? My wish is to feed this honey at once before putting on surplus cases, so as to have them strong for the honey harvest. J. W. Martin. Greenwood Depot, Va., Mar. 31. [The chunk honey that you refer to can be best treated with a very slow moderate heat. It should be set in a warm room back of the stove, where it will get a temperature of about 100 degrees or a little more, but be careful not to let it get warm enough to melt the wax. It may be necessary to put the honey in tin pails, and the pails in a wash-boiler of warm water heated to a temperature of about 110. This will cause the honey to melt, leaving the wax in its original shape. After the honey is all melted, drain off that portion which is free, and put the rest in a regular wax-press and squeeze the honey out. When it is drained clear, apply heat, and melt the wax. You will thus be enabled to get the honey free without spoiling its quality, at the same time getting the wax in market- able condition. — Ed.] A SHORTER WAY THAN THE HEDDON SHORT WAY OF TRANSFERRING. You advise, page 340, the Heddon short method of transferring. This seems to me a rather long way. Why not shorten it the way I have been doing with entire success? Fill the new hive with full sheets of founda- tion; give drawn-out comb if you have any, and it will work still better if you can put a little brood, even only a few cells full (of cour.-e unsealed) into the hive; but neither of the last two is absolutely necessary. Go to the hive to be transferred; remove it; put the new hive in its place; put on a queen- excluding honey board, then a reversed Porter escape-board without escape. Now drum the bees out of the box hive, the same as in the Heddon, then with saw and square make the bottom ends of the sides of the box hive perfectly square. Put the box hive right side up over the hole in the bee- escape, then dump the bees out of the hiving- box in front of the new hive, and the job is done. In three or four weeks' time lift up the box hive; put a bee-escape into the board. Next da3'ii take off the box-hive bee- escape, and honey-board, and put on super and hive- cover; cut out the combs from the box hive; extract what honey there may be in Ihem, and melt out the wax. 1 have found the foregoing the easiest and best; and the best time for my locality is the end of April or first of May. The hives so treated will seldom swarm, but give plenty of hcney in sections, as these will be put on just at the commencement of clo- ver. If you want to Italianize at the same time, sift out the old queen; give some comb with honey; let new queen and bees run in to- gether, but for a day or two put on a cover and then place the box hive over the escape- board. L. H. WiLLMER. Napoleon, Mo., Apr. 5. ARRANGEMENT OF AN APIARY. Mr. Editor: — I herewith hand you a crude drawing of what seems to me a very good arrangement for hives on a small plat of ground. The hives, as you will see, front east and south alternately, leaving a back alley between each pair of rows entire- ly free of bees. Hives set in pairs, on this N 'S/t r"^'"""'Ti'"%i" "^'«V" ' li-, ^^..^ -^ii.^^^-., "-*! : ^^^^JN ^^^ ^^'^S-.. ^"T-, ; m i.:.r-..;A:.;:.v...; plat of 48 feet square, give a space of 4 feet between each pair of hives, and 8 feet from center to center cf pairs. Eighty colonies can be provided for nicely in this way, on such a plat of ground. The alleys are wide enough for all practical purposes. I have tried many forms of placing hives, but I like this better than any other. Wm. M. Whitney. Lake Geneva, Wis., Feb. 9. [One objection to havirg hives on the zig- zag or the cata-cornered plan is the diffi- culty of cutting down weeds or grass with scythe or lawn mower, particularly the 446 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 latter. I think it was J. F. Mclntyre, that extensive bee keeper of California, who once had zigzag rows; but when I visited him he had abandoned it and was using the s'raight-row rectangular plan. — Ed.] A TILTING CELL-BAR. I am pleased to see the articles on queen- rearing in Gleanings. Your journal grows better every year. I see they all set the frame down on the top-bar with the bottom- bar up, as you have it on page 20. I wish you would try my plan. When I was in the greatest hurry I would be sure to knock the framj over and break off some of the cells; so I got a bottom-bar, cut it off just a little short of the one already in, and drove a nail through the center of each end-bar, and in the end of extra bottom bar so it can turn around — see Fig. 1. I lay the frame fiat down on the bench I am working on; turn the extra bar so the flat side is up, ready for cells, as shown in Fig. 2. I fasten on the cells and do other work, and there is nothing to tip over. When the work is done I pick up the frame, turn the bar so the cells are down, and start for the hive. May field, O., Jan. 19. G. W. Haines. wintering in the cellar; ventilating the hives at the top. I notice in Gleanings, Feb. 1, an article on cellar wintering without ventilation, by Ira Barber. As I have had an experience of 53 years in bee-keeping, perhaps some words of mine in regard to ventilation and wintering bees might prove helpful sugges- tions to those of less years. For 36 years I have wintered bees in the house-cellar, where I now live, with no ven- tilation during the cold weather up to about the first of March, except a five-inch stove- pipe hole in a chimney which goes to the cellar bottom. After that time, when the weather is warm we open the cellar win- dows during the night, to let in the cool night air, and close them during the day to make it dark, and keep out the warm air of the day. Up to this writing, Feb. 8, they are very quiet, and I have over a hundred colonies in the cellar. I put them into winter quar- ters about the last week in November, and take them out about the first of April. I too am in about 44^'2 north latitude. An important factor to be considered is the ventilation of each bee hive at the top, also a small hole at the entrance. Newbury, Vermont. James Lang. [Your practice is to give ventilation, and plenty of it, when the bees need it; and even during mid- winter the chimney- pipe changes the air — it must do so. — Ed.] COCKROACHES OR FIELD-MICE. Dear Bro. Root: — I feel a good deal dis- posed to say, *' Why didn't you tell, if you knew? " and this is the matter. My three hives were left just where my good neighbor caught the swarms, in the grass under the orchard trees. When I made cursory ex- amination of them in the fall the frames were so bound together with brace-combs that I dared not attempt to take them out. But I noticed a few stray cockroaches on the frames. I asked my friend (from whom I got the bees) about them; he said they did no harm. Not satisfied, I consulted the A B C book, and found no mention of cock- roaches. So, while not wholly at ease on the matter, I did not investigate further at that time. Ten days ago I brought two hives from town and set them in my back yard so that I could observe them. On weighing them, one weighed 27 lbs. I took advantage of a warm day to open up. On lifting out the division-board at the side, it proved to be literally covered with big cockroaches, and I was kept hopping with both feet trying to kill them as fast as they fell to the ground. Lifting out a couple of frames, the real state of the cause was manifest. The comb at the lower rear end of all the frames was gnawed off about as I have tried to indicate; and the bottom of the hive, to a depth cov- ering the bottom of the frames, and causing them to mildew, was a refuse of comb and dead bees. I moved all the frames and scooped out about a pint or more of this rubbish, killing as many cockroaches as I could get at. Now, this happened to a strong hive, with some stores still remaining. The olher hive that I brought to town was the one to which I introduced the queen last fall, spoiling two frames of stores in so doing. It weigh- 1004 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 44/ ed only 23 lbs., and I concluded that feed- ing should not be delayed. There were a few cockroaches visible on the frames; but the floor was as clean as could be desired. The strange thing to my mind is, why did the cockroaches thrive so in the strong hive? Could it be that they sheltered themselves behind the division-board? for in bungling the queen business I couldn't put back the board in that hive. Austin D. Wolff. [Under date of March 8, Mr. Wolfe adds:] A little further light causes me to exon- erate the cockroaches, and charge the mis- chief elsewhere. As I looked over the frames taken from that hive which was all "chawed up" (and this was done some days after the damage was discovered), the bottom strip of one of the frames was found gnawed in the shape indicated in the mar- gin. I suppose field-mice took up their abode in the hive during the winter, and escaped without being seen after I had moved the hive to town. Yesterday I observed that the soft maples are in blossom, and the air is vocal with the hum of bees. The two hives which I saved are at work finely, and there is a cloud of whitened bees ever the pan of min- gled rye and graham flour with which I baited them a day or two ago. My aged acquaintance, Ed Lanbelin (better known in this vicinity as "French Joe "), said to me not long ago as I sat in his honey- house, "An' Root, you can trade wid heem; I tell you, dat is one hones' man. Eef I buy an' sen' heem two cent too much, he sen' me postage stamp back." I was glad to hear the endorsement from the old fellow, 76 years old, but far from the king- dom. Austin D. Wolfe. Parkville, Mo. [Your second letter full}' exonerates the cockroaches, and places the blame where it probably belongs — on the field-mice. The former are often referred to by our sub- scribers, but I do not remember to have seen any report where they did any serious damage; but mice, when they get into a hive, will soon work havoc with the combs. They like nothing better than a good warm hive to nest in. Our artist has made your gnawed comb look as if it were made of a pine board. The reader will have to imagine that it is a real comb. — Ed.] IMBEDDING WIRES WITH A NOTCHED NAIL- POINT PREVENTING FOUNDATION FROM BUCKLING. For imbedding wires in foundation I use an eight-penny wire nail with a notch filed in the point. I lay the nail on the stove while I fix the foundation in the top bar, and then lay the frame over a piece of board the size of the sheet cf foundation so the wax lies flat and the wires touch it all along. Then I run the nail along the wires. pressing them in a little. I worked in the kitchen evenings, and with the heat of the room and table-lamp the foundation was warm and limber. I never had any founda- tion buckle in the least. My neighbor work- ed in his cold barn, and his sheets buckled all out of shape. N. A. Sparhawk. Melrose, Mass., April 4. [This same plan has been before advo- cated, but no heat was applied to the nail. The heat will, no doubt, improve the quali- ty of the work. — Ed.] FOUR BY FIVE PLAIN OR 4 '4 BEEWAY SEC- TIONS; FRAMES WITH TOP AND BOT- TOM BARS OF THE SAME WIDTH. Dr. C. C. Miller: — As I expect to stai t an out-apiary soon, and, not being satisfied with the section that I am using, because of its being an odd size, I shall be highly pleased to have your advice as to which to adopt. I am thinking of using the plain 1:^8 X4X3, with cleated separators (not fences), as I think there may be something in Mr. Dibbern's objection to them on page 184. I believe that you or I could glue the cleats to 500 separators in a day by making suitable forms for the work. If I don't use the above plain section, my next choice would be the universal standard, the bee- way, 4'4X4'4:xi%. Either of these will always be found in stock, and therefore cheaper than odd things like sections to nail, and quicker to put together. I noticed in your Straws that your present choice cf a brood frame would be an unspaced hang- ing frame with top, end, and bottom bars all IfV wide. I can see excellent reason for that width in the top and end bars, which is, no burr pinning the brood-frames to the sections above nor to the ends of the hive, which the bees will do when the end- bars are only % ; but I beg to ask your rea- son for making the bottom-bars that width. Please place yourself as free to adopt any style of brood- frame, brood-chamber, and section you choose, and advise as to your choice. D. C. Coleman. Leavenworth, Kan., Feb. 22. [Dr. Miller replies:] You are certainlj' wise to avoid odd goods. As to preference for style of section, c nsult your market. If one kind sells for a higher price than the other, that has heavy weight. If market for each is the same, ]i ou will do well before entirely abandoning your pres- ent odd st} le to try both kinds side by side on a small scale, and see whether you can secure more pounds of honey with one than with the other, or the same e umber of pounds more easily with one than with the other. It must be that I did not express myself clearl} if I made the impression that I pre- ferred unspaced hanging frames. I would not for a minute think of doing without au- tomatic spacers for both side and end spac- ing. I hesitated long before departing so far from the established fashion as to use a 448 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 bottom-bar same width as tops and ends, but I could see no reason why there should be any difference (do you?); and whatever n ason there might be for a certain width for tops ard ends applied equally to bot- toms— less need for wide bottom- bars when they come down close to the bottom-board; but when there is a deep space under them, and especially when in an upper story, the wide bottom prevents building comb be- tween. I have now no 1 rouble whatever with burr-combs built between two stories of brood frames. C. C. Miller. THE FOUL-BROOD LAW IN CALIFORNIA. The prospects here are very flattering- for a big honey crop, as we have had abundant rains since Feb. 5. In fact, it has rained almost every day during March. Bees are breeding up very fast; and if the weather continues warm they will commence swarm- ing about Apr. 20. In January, 1903, the legislature passed a foul brood law, whereby each county in the State, by petitioning the board of super- visors, is entitled to a foul brood inspector. But the law goes on to say that you must first establish the fact that foul-brood does exist, in the county in which you are desir- ing to circulate the petition. Here in this immediate vicinity we are free of it; but I have been informed that it is making head- way in some of the surrounding counties, especially Santa Cruz. If there are any parties knowing of its existence in Monterey or surrounding coun- ties will they kindly communicate with me in the interests of the apicultural pursuits of this vicinity, with a view of having an inspector appointed that he may proceed at once to check the dread disease before it is too late? F. E. Gausk. Jolon, Cal., Mar. 30. NOT ELECTRICITY NOR PHOSPHORESCENCE, BUT LIGHT REFLECTIONS; A REASON- ABLE EXPLANATION. In regard to the phenomenon that W. S. H. speaks of, p. 289, I will say I do not think it was electricity or phosphorescence. I am of the opinion it was the reflection of light, although he says it was a dark night. But did he have no lantern with him, or were there no stars at all shining? What I do know to be a fact is, there is a spot about a bee's foot or leg that will reflect light equal to a diamond or crystals of sand or glass; but it can not be seen at all times. The light has got to strike them just so to get the reflection. The first time I ever no- ticed this was a few summers ago. One bright evening just before sundown the hive was facing the west; and as the bees were walking and twisting about on the alighting- board I saw those reflections of light, and it was a rather pretty sight to look at. I watched them for a while, al- though I have never noticed any thing of the kind after night; but I am of the opin- ion that those sparkles of light, or reflec- tions, could be seen from the light of a lan- tern or the stars if one were standing just right. Will Mr. W. S. H. write again, and tell us if he had a lantern with him or not? N. Young. Robertson, la. A PLAN OF HANDLING SWARMS. In answer to Mr. G. J. Sturm, p. 289, how to control swarming during the absence of the apiarist, I would say, clip the queen's wings, and one, two, or more days before a swarm is expected set the old colony to one side, then take an empty hive complete with top and bottom boards, and set it flat on the ground in the exact spot where the old colony stood with entrance the same way. Now place the old colony on top of the emp- ty hive; and when the swarm comes out the queen drops down in front of the empty hive; and when the bees return, the queen crawls into the empty hive, and the bees follow. In the evening take the old colony to another stand. W. W. Coolidge. Windsor, Wis., March 28. [This plan is quite in line with the gen- eral practice of our most successful bee- keepers. See also page 441, — Ed.] BROKEN SECTION PIECES FOR NUMBER TAGS. I find my way of numbering my hives very satisfactory. I send a sample. Most of us have some broken sections on hand. I put the numbers on with a stencil, and then. having some varnish on hand, I went over the number with it. I doubt if this was of much advantage. I then dipped them in boiled oil. H. Langton Johnson. Chilliwack, B. C, Jan. 14. the price of BEE-YASD HELP IN CALI- FORNIA. Can you tell me about what wages an ex- perienced apiarist could get in Texas or California? Could one get work the whole year? C. L. W. Randolph, Vt., Apr. 4. [I am not able to give you very definite information. Labor is higher in Califor- nia than in the central part of this country; but I am under the impression that good help could be secured all the way from $40 to $nO a month. If board and washing were included, the price would be less in propor- tion, of course.— Ed.] vm GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 449 / . OUR. . ; HOK/IES, BY A.I. ROOT. Let us not be weary (nor worried) in well doing; for in due season we shall reap if we faint not.— Gal. 6:9. Perhaps, friends, I am taking a little liberty in adding to a scripture text; but the words I have put in the parenthesis are by way of explanation — like a footnote, for instance; and mj' opinion is, although I am not a translator of Greek, that the word wearied would include worried. And, by the way, what a beautiful text that is, any way! We often admire great speakers or writers for their skill in putting grand thoughts into few words; but has there ever been a writer or speaker since the world began who could put more thought into a few simple words or phrases than Paul, the great apostle to the gentiles ? The words of my text are an illustration of that fact — let us not be weary in well doing. Many times when our friends meet with discouragements and repeated losses we try to say something encouraging. We often say, after expressing our sympathy, "Do not take it to heart too much. You proba- bly will have better luck next time." Or, " It is a long lane that has no turning," and many such expressions. But just com- pare all these words of sympathy and en- couragement, coming from the average per- son, with the thought in our text. The man who has lost his house and home, and may be his wife and loved ones, may have been an earnest, honest hard worker. It does seem as if some people were especially un- fortunate; but our text says to such, first, do not think of giving up your principles and industrious habits. Keep on, and, even though you have slurs and jeers cast at your past integrity, hold fast to your faith in God. And then how beautifully worded is the promise — in due season, perhaps not right away I May be there is more bad luck, as the world puts it, still in store for you; but if you just keep on, and hold fast to your faith, you will reap your reward. The condition of this reward is that you do not become faint- hearted nor get it into your head that there is no use in trying so hard, any longer, to do right. Just day before yesterday these words came into my mind like sweet music. I re- peated them over and over, mentally, and it sent a thrill through me every time. It seemed to stand out beyond all other Bible texts and promises. It seemed like a bright star on the face of the heavens. Once in a while these beautiful scripture promises come to me in just that way. It seems as if their meaning and hopefulness were illu- mined b3'^ the Holy Spirit; and such revela- tions come to me oftenest when I am giving up my own plans and projects, and work- ing for something else or for somebody else. And now if you will listen I will try to tell the little story of what brought this text t> mind. Last fall I sold off the last of my green- houses. For the first time in many years I did not have any plants to work with and to pet and love during the whole winter. Along in February I felt as if I could stand it no longer. I subscribed again for two floral journals and built a little greenhouse; but I shall have to tell you in another de- partment about that greenhouse that was built in winter. Monday morning, April 11, I was out in this little greenhouse when the sun was just coming up. I had planned quite a number of improvements and work to be done among my pets I had my breakfast quite early so I might finish before my regular business in the factory. Just then Ernest came in hurriedly to say that he was wanted at Columbus immediately in reference to the Brannock local option bill then pending. He said there were particu- lar reasons why he could not leave home, and added: "Now, father, I want you to go in my place. You can look after what is to be done, may be, better than I can; and it will be in the service of the State, just at a time when the influence of every good tem- perance man is needed." To tell the truth, I did not want to go a bit. I have been traveling around quite a little lately, and I wanted to stay at home. Besides, I dreaded pushing myself into the presence of public men, especially the bright young law-makers of Ohio. I am not enough of a politician to keep post- ed even in the affairs of the State and na- tion. I knew I should expose my ignorance at every turn; and then came a feeling such as I have mentioned vshen 1 wrote about my Sunday-school class and the flying ma- chine— that I was getting to be too old to be of much account; my influence would not count very far, any way, etc. I mention this, dear friends, because I am persuaded that all elderly people have similar tempta- tions. Of course, there is such a thing as pride in trying to show people how smart you are, etc. ; and I confess that, in my younger day, I had a good deal of pride and ambition; but, thank God, that has all gone by now. Whenever I can do any good, however, for my State or nation, I hope I am ready to do it. God knows I do not relish pushing myself forward. I hastily gave directions to one of our boys to take care of the greenhouse until I returned, and then was off on the train. At the depot I met our Representative for this district, and was pleasantly surprised to find him so ready and so glad to tell me all about the temperance work in the House, and the prospec s of the Branncck bill in the Senate; and when I left him it was with a feeling that, if we had many more clean, bright, honest, scholarly men like him among our Representatives, we might thank God and feel hopeful over the State of Ohio. 450 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 When I met our attorney for the Anti- saloon League in Columbus I was again surprised to find /ii7ti so glad to see me. In a little time I was introduced to members of the House and Senate who were fore- most in pushing our temperance laws. Per- haps I might mention here that, when the bill went through the House, there were 72 votes for it and 36 against it. When it came up before the Senate there was a tre- mendous determination on the part of the brewers and saloon-keepers to block its passage. Unfortunately, Governor Herrick seemed to be on the side of the wets — at least he announced publicly and privately that the bill was not fair. This was a profound surprise and a deep regret, not only to temperance people but to the press generally throughout our State. Let me digress a little. When I approached the Haj'den building I inquired of a bright, clean looking, mid- dle-aged man if he could direct me to the rooms of the Anti-saloon League. He re- plied, " They are on the sixth floor. As I am going right up there I will gladly di- rect you." As the elevator started he said, "You are one of the temperance folks, I take it." '* I sincerely hope I am. Are not j'ou one also? " " Why, yes; I believe in temperance to a reasonable extent. " " Well, my friend, is it not a ' reasonable extent ' to ask that the majority may rule?" " Why, I suppose so. But you temper- ance people want the whole earth." I was astonished at this, but I tried to hold him down to my point, and I replied again: " But, my good friend, is it not according to the spirit of the institutions of our coun- try that we should have the whole earth if the majority is on our side? " He looked so bright, intelligent, so gen- tlemanly, and so well educated, that I be- lieved him to be reasonable; but I had evi- dently provoked him without meaning to, for he replied: "Yes, yes; I know you folks got a big victory through the House, but it was by fraud and unfair means.* Now, I occasion- ally want a drink of beer myself; but I do not want to be obliged to go half a mile after it." By this time we were up at the top. He * As there may be those among our readers who lake the position that this man did. please let us consider it a little. It would be quite reasonable to .'■uppose that the brewers might stoop to fraud or unfair means. They are afler the money — nobody disputes that ; but thost who are working for temperance are quite a dif- ferent sort of people. First, they are a class that would be very unlikely to be willing to use fraud or any thing unfair. Second there is no money in it for us at all. The temperance cause means moiiey out of pocket, and that continually. I hope it is true ihat our ambitions and our aims are above tho.se of a sordid na- ture. We are using our strength and our money to protect our wives and our children that our boys and our girls may grow up intell gent, God fearing men and women. And yet this man looked me in the face and charged us with gaining our victory by "fraud." It was a revelation to me, especially to find a bright, -well-educated man give utterance to such logic. courteously pointed me to the Anti-saloon rooms, and his natural good breeding pre- vented him from showing an uncivil spirit. It seemed to me, however, that this conver- sation gave me a key to the situation. There are a good many rather nice people in Ohio who do not relish the idea of letting the ma- jority rule when it comes to blocking the way toward their accustomed drinks. It was one of my happy surprises to find such a nice lot of clean men, not only in the House but in the Senate. Some eight or ten years ago I made a similar visit to Co- lumbus on a like errand. At that time the whisky element seemed to have the upper hand almost everywhere. I said again and again in my heart, "May God be praised for the new order of things. ' ' The men who had been elected by the people of Ohio, both in the House and Senate, were, as a rule, not only temperate but temperance men; and, I think I may truthfully add, gentlemen and scholars besides. Mr. Fish- er, the Representative from this county, seemed to be a pretty fair sample of all the rest. W^hen I asked Ernest what had hap- pened to make such a change in the man- agement of our State, he replied, "Why, that is the work of the Anti- saloon League, the W. C. T. U., and other temperance or- ganizations. The Anti- saloon League has especially declared that no man who favors the saloons or the liquor-traflfic shall get a place among our law-makers, and they are just beginning to make themselves feared." Tuesday afternoon, about three o'clock, the fight was opened. The champion of the temperance people was Senator Chamber- lain, of Lorain Co. As my hearing is a little defective I got in early and chose a position on the seats saved for the audience, pretty near the speaker's stand. In doing this I did not notice I was quite near Sena- tor Chamberlain s desk. I had shaken hands with him before dinner; but owing to the confusion incident to being introduced to so many different men, all of them bright, clean (and, I think I can safely say, good- looking), I could hardly remember one from another. As the session opened. Senator C. , looking round, caught sight of me, and gave me a pleasant smile of recognition. Now, I did not know who it was until I hap- pened to notice his name on his desk. He probably saw my look of embarrassment, and watched my face while I slowly caught on to the fact that he was the one I was most interested in — our advocate. Let me digress a little right here. I have several times spoken of the won- derful power there is in a woman's smile. I have mentioned its dangerous power for evil, contrasting its power for good in up- lifting humanity. When I was a -younger man I sometimes almost feared the power of a woman's smile — that is, if a real smart bright woman should set seriously about showing me what she could do. And now I wish to say something about the power and uplift that may come from a pleasant nod of recognition from a fine- looking man. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 4S1 I have somehow got the notion into my head that Senator Chamberlain is a good- lx>king man. May be it is just my notion, but I think his wi/e will agree with me, even if others do not. Well, if he had been a nice young woman instead of a nice young man, and had given me such a smile as that, I do not know but I should have been '■ worried " a little for fear I was not ex- actly loyal to Mrs. Root in being so much pleased over such a simple thing. After a long delay, and after we were all tired out by other matters and prelimina- ries, the President of the Senate announced the Brannock bill. When Senator C. first came, right after dinner, he was happy and smiling; but just as the Brannock bill was called I noticed he looked pretty sober. Attorney Waj^ne B. Wheeler, who sat just over the railing, near him, also looked rath- er sober, and I thought both seemed to be a good deal worried. The brewers had given up trying to overpower us in voles, but their next best thing was to kill the effect of the bill bj' various amendments. Another bright young Senator across the room sprang to his feet and began. He first announced he was a friend of temperance, and particu- larly a friend of this local-option bill. He talked so well that it was hard to believe he was noi in very truth what he claimed to be. But when he brought out his amend- ments I very soon decided that his purpose was to get us " rattled " and into trouble if he could. This man. Senator Oskamp, is one of the brightest young lawyers I ever listened to. Nothing could embarrass him. He never got mixed up nor tangled, and he was as cool and deliberate as if he had the whole world right under the tips of his fin- gers. I could not help admiring him, even while I feared his logic. It had been de- cided by the temperance forces, for the sake of peace, to accept some of the amendments that would not hinder us very much, and Oskamp soon got the temperance Senator into a tangle. The President of the Senate himself declared one of the motions was, in his opinion, out of order. I tried with all my might and mental strength to grasp all the points of the situation, and to keep it clear in my head; but I got all mixed up. Senator Chamberlain was evidently some- what put out and embarrassed also. Let me say right here that the President of the Senate was one of the finest presiding offi- cers I ever met in my life. It rejoiced mj' heart to know that we had so able a man in Ohio to preside over such an important gathering. It evidently would require a little time for the temperance people to clear up their position. Just here I began to pray most fervently for our cause; and my prayer seemed ans- wered when the President announced that, lo save iime, they would go on and vote on the motion while the clerk looked up and straightened the matter, where he thought Mr. Chamberlain was out of order. In a few moments he announced with a peasant smile that Senator Chamberlain was all right. Then they went on with the contest. For a time a part of the amendments were accepted by vote, and the champions of the brewers were becoming encouraged. Then the enemy made a mistake. They had such a great string of amendments the honest men among the Senators began to be suspi- cious, and the noes became more frequent. Oskamp kept on, however, presenting his amendments until there was a call for the "question" from all sides of the House. The whole body of Senators began to be impatient until it got to be the fashion to greet each new amendment with continual noes,- and when no got to be the fashion, every amendment offered was rejected. It reminded me of a flock of sheep. After we had got the enemy on the run it was an easy job, apparently, to keep them goino-. The final decision was 27 in favor of tem- perance to only 6 against it — a wonderful triumph. Perhaps I might say it was an unexpected triumph. It is a very hard thing indeed for me to sit from half past twelve till half- past six without leaving my seat. The room was densely crowded with men and women who were friends of temperance. In fjct, the papers say it was the most crowded session of the season. It is very hard for me of late to sit very long in a crowded audience. When I was younger I could stand it for a brief season better than I can now. At half- past three I felt as if I should have to leave the room; but when I became thor- oughly interested in the legal contest over the matter of saloons or no saloons in the residence districts of our State, I forgot my fatigue. After the little embarrassment I mentioned at the outset, I began praying that the Holy Spirit would move on the hearts of our Senators and guide them aright. When it came to voting, of course / could not vole; but, thank God, I could pray, and that most earnestly, for the vot- ers. As the clerk called the names I pray- ed briefly, as the names were announced, that every answer might be no. Some of the Senators were undecided, and the clerk had to call their names twice before they made up their minds. At such times I prayed most vehemently— of course mental- ly — that the good brother might be influ- enced to say no instead oiyes; and it seem- ed to me as if all who hesitated finally said no. Now, please do not fear, dear friends, that I am getting^ to be superstitious. The good Book says, "The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much." That does not exactly come in here; but if the inspired writer had said, "Even the prayers of blundering sinners avail much," there might have been some hope that my prayers were doing some good. I do not know but some of the friends who have more confidence in hypnotism than your humble servant may suggest that the Sen- ate was hypnotized into givingf us this great temperance victory. To which I reply that I never before heard of hypnotism being- used for an3 good purpose. If it really has 452 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 come in so as to help us banish the saloons, I shall have more faith in it than I ever had before. I think we can all agree in this: That the presence of a large number of people, especially people of influence, does have, and always will have, its effect on our law-makers. When Ernest wanted me to go to Colum- bus, and be on hand during the passage of this bill through the Senate. I could not be- lieve my presence would do any good: but when the people of our State or any other State are so much interested in the framing of good laws that they will leave their work and be on hand when these bills come be- fore the legislature, there is a much better prospect that such bills will be passed. Senator Chamberlain did not look toward me, nor smile, until his repeated calls for "question " had resulted in the calling of the names for the final vote, and then we had our victory. Then he turned to me and gave me another bright happy look, like the one I have described. As soon as I could get hold of his hand I repeated the words of our text, something like this: " Dear Bro. C, be not weary (nor worried') in well doing; for in due season you shall reap if you faint not." He had been ivearied, and, if I am correct, greatly worried, with the unceasing, persistent imp rtunity of the enemies of the bill in trying to break it down, amend it. or nullify it; but he held on and came out victorious. Somebody said to Bro. Wheeler just then, who was close to us, " Now, Bro. Wheeler, you can get some sleep, I suppose, and rest up for the next battle." Permit me to mention incidentally that, just before the temperance bill was acted on, when I was tired, stupid, and perhaps half asleep, I thought somebody mentioned something that sounced like "foul brood." Then I heard the words "contagious dis- ease." There was no excitement prevail- ing just then, and the Senators did not talk as loud as they did a little later when they got on to temperance. Then another Sena- tor got up and remonstrated. Said he, " Why, this is a matter that concerns only a few persons. We can not afford to tax our State to further their wishes when only a few are to be benefited, or have any con- cern in the matter at all." The first Senator who arose to his feet said, in substance: " Why, gentlemen, this is a contagious disease. It threatens to ruin the honey industry of the State. You say it is a matter of little moment; but I tell you I have received more letters in re- gard to this matter than any other bill that has ccme before the Senate." Then he held up a great bundle of letters. Three or. four others arose to their feet, and said, " And I," " And I," " And I." Not- withstanding, there was quite a number of Senators who did not vote at all. Out of 35, 17 were for the passage of the bill, and 3 were against it. Now, here is a big moral. On p. 276, March 15, Ernest put in an editorial, urging the writing of these letters; and this editorial, friends, was the means of securing this very just bill for the benefit of the bee-keepers of Ohio. Before closing I wish to say that some of the best temperance talks I ever heard in my life came from the Ohio Senators at this session. Senator Carson, of Xenia, is a host in himself. He is not only an eloquent and fearless speaker, but he is one of the clear- est-headed reasoners it was ever my privi- lege to listen to. Later, April 20. — The above was dictated something over a week ago. Since then, to the astonishment and indignation of all the good people of Ohio, and almost the entire press, Governor Herrick, by threatening to veto the Brannock bill, induced the House to make concessions that have probably stripped this righteous law of perhaps half its force. Protests were showered in upon him from all over the State; but he defend- ed himself by some sort of plea to the effect that such a temperance bill would ruin the Republican party, and so he pushed on in his course. It reminds me vividly of the celebrated Griggs nullification act; and it ought to be a reminder to all of us that that old spirit of carrying the day in politics by any means, fair or foul, has not yet passed by. The entire House and Senate are com- posed of good men, almost without excep- tion, and everybody supposed the victory was complete. While I write, loud are the protests, coupled with some threats that the Governor's political life is finished. May be, however, there is providence in it. The nullification act I have alluded to roused up the churches; and the temperance people of Ohio are wakened to a fighting spirit now as they have never been before. The brewers and saloonists may be congratu- lating themselves that they have won a vic- tory; but I think they are mistaken. Our excellent temperance advocate, the Cleve- land Leader, suggests to the saloon element that it behooves them now to keep very qui- et, and be careful how they rouse any fur- ther an indignant majority — indignant be- cause just one man prevented the majority from ruling. For this reason the Leader suggests it would be good policy for them to give way very quietly without suits at law or any other piotest when any commu- nity demands the abolition of grogf eries. Still later. — The Brannock bill is now a law, and is doing work. We take the fol- lowing from the Cleveland Leader of April 20: The tnuch-talked-of Brannock bill is now a law, Governor Herrick having signed it to-day. Represent- ative Brannock, whose name the bill bears, sent down a new gold pen for the Governor to use in signing. Mr. Brannock thus got a prize .«-ouvt nir. Ohioptople can now begin to clear saloons out of residence districts. To Columbu-i citizens will probably go the distinciion of beine the first to lake f^dvanlage of the law. To- night 62 citizens of the noith etd of the city surround- ing the Ohio State University, a residence section with about 1900 voters, started out 10 get signatures for the petition for a local-option election. They felt sure of getting the requiied -10 per cent of the voters by mid- night, and expect at elt ction to wipe out the 11 saloons from the neighborhood. To which I want to add, may the Lord be 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 453 praised! and may the good work keep marching on! AN AUTOMATIC GREENHOUSE. One reason for selling out my old green- houses was the expense of caring for them, especially when I was absent. Unless heat is turned on and off, the ventilators opened and closed, and somebody has per- sonal supervision, in almost any sort of greenhouse the stuff may go to ruin very quickly. If the ventilators are left open at night during a freeze, damage will be done. If they are left closed in the m ddle of the day — perhaps the very day after the frost — damage will be done again, byoverheat- ing.* On this account I decided to give up my greenhouse and the work I loved so much; but, as I told you, along in February, when we had bright sunny days suggestive of spring, I felt as if I could not stand it without a place where I could see things grow, flowers unfold, etc. So I set about making an automatic greenhouse, or as near it as possible. Peter Henderson, in one of his books, tells about a greenhouse that was constructed over a large cellar or basement. The man who constructed the basement afterward de- cided not to build, so he put a greenhouse on top of it, with a floor made of open slats. The air in the basement was constantly equalizing the air above, under the glass, so as to correct the tendency to get either very hot or very cold; and the experiment succeeded well with hardy plants, without any heat except that from the sun. I have before mentioned that we have under the floors of cur heme a large base- ment warmed by exhaust steam, and hot- water pipes connected with radiators above. This basement is always warm — often so warm that we have to open the outside win- dows to cool it off a little. "Well, I construct- ed a lean to greenhouse on the east side, with two good-sized windows opening into it, from the large basement mentioned. This lean-to is onlj' about 8X20 inside. This gives two outside beds of 3 ft. each, and a 2 ft. walk between them. In order to keep it as warm as possible, the beds are solid level with the ground outside, and the 2 ft. walk is simply the 2 ft. -wide trench cut 3 ft. into the ground. To keep the ground from caving in at the sides, I used roofing-slats, so there is nothing to rot *Just at this present time, wheii competent labor is so scarce, everybody is studj^ing to get what he wants done, witho it much expensive help. A man who can care for a greenhouse, and will tememberio care for it, costs money. With a little private affair one can not expect a man to stay in the greenhouse all day long. He must have other work somewhere. But the aver- age man, when he gets busily engaged in this "other work," will, as a rule, forget his greenhouse. or give way. This steampipe — or, rather, sewer-pipe — that carries the steam under ground runs across one end of it. This ground being always hot, we use this end of the house for colei and other plants that like lots of heat. I wanted to cut a door through from the cellar into my 2 ft. path so I could have access during stormy weath- er, without going outdoors. Mrs. Root has not yet, however, given m^ permission (?) to do so; but I think I can bring her around to my way of thinking after a while. She ob- jects on the ground that the greenhouse may some time be taken away, and then there will be an unsightly opening in the stone wall. Of course, this doorway would equal- ize the air in the greenhouse with that in the cellar still more perfectly.* The glass is double thick, A quality, 12 inches square. The rafters or sash bars are of cypress, 2X2)^ inches. They are rather heavy, but I wanted them to reach nearly 10 feet with- out any middle supports, for reasons men- tioned later on. The glass was slid in grooves, without any putty, butted together, of course; and I now have the most pei feet roof overhead I ever had in any greenhouse. The slope is about 3 ft. in the length of the 10 foot rafter; and there is not a particle of drip, and hardly a crack where you could push in a sheet of writing-paper. When ordering the glass I explained what it was for, and told them it must be cut exactly square. When the boxes were opened I found a slip of paper saying if there was a light in the lot that was not perfect in cut- ting and in quality I should let them know. The glass came from the Diamond Glass Co., Cleveland, O. Now, it is usual for florists to whitewash the glass, say some time in April, when the sun gets to be very hot. I do not like this whitewash. Early in the spring it is a det- riment, and it is also a detriment on cloudy days and all winter long and mornings and evenings. The appearance of a greenhouse is always marred, in my estimation, by being daubed with whitewash or any simi- lar preparation. Now, here is what I did: I went to the store and got the largest and strongest curtain fixtures I could find. But even these were not of sufficient length; so I spliced them with a round stick of exact- * Most of us have found out that very few plants do well in a room heated with a furnace or radiator. The air is too dry. I have had to move our house-plants into thckitchtn, where they had the btnefit of damp air from the tea kettie in order to have them do well. A good greenhouse should have a damp atmosphere a greater part of the lime. If we open the ventilators when theie is a cold north wind, this wind damages tender stuff, and drives the mo sture from the air and soil. I decided long ago that some method of keeping down the temperature during sunshiny days, besides opening the ventilators, would be a great desideratum, and now I have it. As a rule, all the ventilation our greeuh use gets is through those two windows that open into the basement mentioned; and this basement, being under ground, isalwaysmoreor le.-sdamp. The air that comes through the ou side windows, before getting into the greenhouse, is warmed in parsing the steam- pipes in the basement. This warm basement keeps up the temperature during cool nights, and keeps the temperature down during suns liny days, and at all times sends a rather damp atmosphere "in- to the greenhouse. 454 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE May 1 ly the size of the curtain roller. The splice was made by driviag- the wooden roller into a tin tube about a foot long-, the two wooden rollers meeting' in the middl of the tube. Then I used cheese- cloth for curtains. Two curtains, about 9 ft. wide, shade the ground. When the sun becomes too hot you simply grasp the pole at the bottom of the curtain, pull it down to the eaves, and hook it on a couple of nails. In the afternoon, when the dwelling shades the greenhouse, the pole is loosened and the spring in the curtain- fix- ture rolls it up in a j iffy. To work curtains in this way there must be no posts nor sup- ports under the rafters Now my green- house works beautifully; in fac*-, the whole arrangement has been a bigger success than I often have. It is now full of flower- ing plants; and about all the attention re- quired is watering. Of course, it is better to manipulate the curtains so as to give the plants the full sun mornings and evenings; but if Mrs. Root and I both want to be away, the curtains can be left down perma- nently for a day or two. In this case but little watering would be needed. To get rid of frequent watering as much as possi- ble I have adopted the following plan: The plants iire all in pots. These pots are plunged into the soil of the beds, not only to the rims, but a little deeper. The soil is all good potting- soil, made of old well-rotted manure so that it will break up fine, with the proper amount of sand, some bone meal, ashes, or soot from the chim- neys, some swamp muck, etc. This is eas- ily worked and dug. To plunge a pot, I use an iron spoon, such as they generally use in the kitchen for a basting- spoon. The edges are made very sharp with a file. This spoon makes a tiptop post-hole digger, if you will excuse the term; and I do believe a large steel spoon with a handle like that of a common auger would be a splendid thing to dig post holes. With this spoon I can make a hole for a pot very quickly. Now, one great reason why plants do not thrive is a lack of drainage. Every pot should have at the bottom broken crockery, or, better still, lumps of soot from the chim- ney, broken- up coals from the stove, or something of that sort. I prefer the char- coal or soot, as it is lighter than the broken crockery, and possesses more or less fertili- ty. For very small pots, use just a little moss. Now, plants need air as well as water and fertility. They must have air to do their best; therefore I take my iron spoon and make a hole a little lower than the pot is to go. The spoon is pointed, you know. This leaves a cavity under the bottom of the pot; and if you should neglect your pot so 3'our plant gets pot-bound, it will send a lot of white roots down into this cavity. The above may not be a new invention, but it is a wonderful inven ion for me with my own greenhouse. Plunge the pots down to their rims, or a little more, so that you can rake the soft soil right over them; then give the whole bed a good watering. The cavity under the pots will prevent injury to the plants from " wet feet." I should have mentioned that, in making up the beds, drain tiles every two feet not only gives perfect drainage, but the tiles allow air to work all through the soil, and up into these cavities I have mentioned, left under each pot. You will now readily see that plants potted and plunged in this way are not apt to suffer from drouth, even though they are neglected for several days. Plants in full bloom, or loaded with bloom, of course re- quire more water; but the arrangement ans- wers beyond my expectations for avoiding the necessity of daily supervision. I expect to give you some pictures of both outside and inside, later on. This morning there are 18 petunias in full bloom, and 2 speci- mens of azalea aniollis just coming into blooom. There are about a dozen different roses, a wilderness of beauties in the way of primulas, geraniums, some pelargoniums just comicg out; fuchsias, ageratums, Ian- tanas, genestas, vincas, sweet alyssum, and a great variety of gorgeous colei, of all col- ors of the rainbow. The hot end, where the steam-pipes go through the wall, while it would kill some of the plants, it is just the thing for coleus to a dot. Some gold- en-leaved salvias, contrasting with the glittering scarlet acharanthus, set off the whole as a sort of background. Do you say all these things cost money? Well, almost all the plants I have mention- ed cost from 3 to 5 cents each. Those from cuttings, still less. The azaleas cost from 20 to 35 cents each. Now, there is just one more thing about that greenhouse that makes it not only a thing of beauty, but a jov for ever. Eve- ry evening I have a great lot of papers and periodicals tolookover — perhaps half abush- el basketful. If I do not get through with them and get them into the waste-basket, they pile up in my secretary until it will not shut up. Then Mrs. Root scolds. Per- haps I might add she never scolds so but that she is always ready to give me a kiss. In fact, it is a sort of compact between us in our married life, that, whatever ccmes up, we can always " make up " at any in- stant. Well, after I have read my periodi- cals for a couple of hours my blood becomes stagnant, and I get to feeling dull. It is that feeling that prompted me to build that greenhouse. I wanted something to get to work at evenings — something for a change or recess after this reading that I really must do to keep pace with the business of the great world. Now I will tell you what I do when I get tired and stiff from too much reading. There is an electric light that I can hook over one of the rafters in any part of the greenhouse. With this light turned on I can mellow the soil among my plants, lift out those that are becoming pot- bound, sweep up, watch plant growth, and do any thing else. The only trouble is, if I get down to the greenhouse I get so busy (and happy) that Mrs. Root can not get me to stop when it is bedtime. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 4SS By the way, I can note changes in thrifty plants in just one hour. If I g-et a new plant that has been pretty badly used by mail or express, I cin tell in just one hour whether it is going- to grow or not. With this lean to greenhouse, my plants are con- stantly turning toward the sun or light, es- pecially the bed that is back against the wall. Well, a plant that has taken hold, and is going to grow, will commence turn- ing its leaves perceptibl3' toward the light in just one hour. Wh.> , it seems as if my pets could really talk to me. This morn- ing-, when I looked in and saw the new pe- tunias that had opened during the night in their g-audy dresses, it seemed as if each one were saving. "Mr. Root! Mr. Root! please look at me! A'n't I pretty? " And then another and another would say the same thing. None of them said, " A'n't I the prettiest of all, or more handsome than any of my neighbors?" They just said, " Don't you think / am pretty? Don't \ou admire me in my new spring dress? " And then if I do not say it out loud I say it in my heart, "Yes, you dear little darlings, you are wonderfully pretty; and I thank God from the bottom of my heart for having sent you to give me these thrills of joy." Dear reader, if you have not something about your own home — flowers or trees or a little garden, or something else to make your life in a like manner happy, and full of thanksgiving to God, you are not getting all the joy and happiness that God intended you should have in this world of ours. Are You Chained ToThe Wcksh Tub FREETRIAL Frelfrht prepaid. No money or promise of any kind is re- ■ ■ « ■ »-• HB quired. Use it for thirty days; then if you do not wish to purcliase return it at our expense. We pay the rrciyht both u-atjs. Unlike all other washers, the "1900" sends the water through the clothes and washesthem absolutely clean in six winutes wiih no wear or tear on the garments or the operator. Perfectly adjusted Bail-Bearings do the same for it as for the bicycle— make it work with little effort. IT IS ABSOLUTELY FREE TO YOU FOR THIRTY DAYS Write today for full information and Free Catalogue. "1900" Washer Co., hze Henry St., Binghamton, N. Y USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 20 YEARS. Sold by Seed Dealers of America. Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, Trees and Shrubs from in.-,ects. Put up in pofiiilar packages at popular prices. Write for free pamphlet on Bugs and Blights, etc., to B. HAMMOND. - FishkiII-on=Hudson, New York. 456 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 SPECIAI- BUGGY ANNOUNCEMENT. This is Oar CelebraterJ lit Hickory Special It is the Kins of a Buggies. It is made that skilled labor a) can make it. We sen it anywhere on 30 Days Free Trial A similar buecy not as good would, costal least $76. We have so extensively advertised Our $50 Split Hickory Speciai, and it has had such a wonderful sale everywhere that we find, from our ffail, some people stem to be under the impre.'sion we make only this one particular buggy. We beg to announce to the readers of this paper that vve manufac- ture over lOO styles of Split-hickory ve- hicles, and sell them all direct from our factory to the user at factoiy prices. This litje com- prises Buggies, Surreys. Phaetons, Doctor's Phae- tons, Stanhopes, Driving Wagons. Road Wagons, Platform Spring, and Dt livery Wagons, and Road Carts, and a complete line of all styles of Har- ness. Every vehicle we sell is a SPLIT HICKORY vehicle and has many points of merit not found in other vehicles. We sell them all on a 30 Days' Free Trial. Our reputation fcr fair dealing is unquestionable, and our two-year guarantee goes with every vehicle we sell. We do not attempt to make a buggy for a round $25, sim- ply because any fair minded per.'-on who knows anything whatever about buggies knows that a buggy that is worth anything can not be produced for that price. Split-hickory running gears and wheels are all made of straight-grained split hickory— not sawed. Write for our Free 136-page Catalog, which tells ail about Split-hickory Vehicle^, and g^ves description and prices of our full line of Harness. Tiie OHiO CARRiAGE IMFG. CO., H. C. Phelps, President. 5420 Sixth St., Cincinnati, O. This is our $37.50 ^OIKO Split-hickory top bug- Jbul gy. U"t as good as a Splii-hicko y Spe- ■ /fNyiTv cial, but a world - 'SSSivZ^ beater at the price we ask for it. This is our Split- hickory extension top surrey, complete in every detail, a n d, taking into consid- eration the quality and the fact that it is a Split hickorj' I'fhirle, the price, $75.00, is wonder- fully low. You get full face value, every time you buy Williams' Shaving Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet "How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. #«^^ Let Us Send Ym ^^^ Our Book. about groort wheels and y<'o(i wajronsthat ^vill save jou a lot of work and make you a lotot money— the ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS and the ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON. Hy every test, tliey are tli a quaiter millions s"ld huh. Can't work loose. make your old wajron nev ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., Box 95 lest. Mor'^^Jtoiie and Spokes ^H^ to the set ot o^'.. heels will > atalogue tree. Quincy, Ills. ELECTRIC 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 457 4 ^^^^^ Walter S. Pouder. Established 1889. % I p^ Bee=keepers' I I W Supplies. I i ^ "^♦^ Distributor of Root's Goods from the best shipping ^ '.1^ point in the Country. My prices are at all times ■^ ^ identical with those of the A. I. Root Co. , and I can -^ ^ save you money by way of transportation charges. .^ ^ Mi ^ Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb J ^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee J ^ Smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, J ^ and, it! fact, everything used by Bee-keepers ^ ^ Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. ^ Y ITALIAN QUEEN BEES and NUCLEI Strictly 2 w • high grade, and a pleased Customer every time. "^ "^ My Stock of Supplies J '** is fresh from the factory, and fully up-to-date in every detail. My sectioii.s are ^^ iji not dried out, and they they do not break in beading. .S& % What They Say. ^ ^t4 South Bend, Ind. ^ '♦* Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. ^**- .ite Dear Sir:— The queen purchased of you is a dandy. I have just examined ■^^ ^* her hi ^e to day, and find it full of brood and young bees. The "Hoosier Strain," ■***■ ^l/L 1 think, will do to tie to. Yours truly, ' ^1^ 'f W. D.BALL. ^ ^^ Glen Haven, Wis. ^ ! Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. ^ ^^ Uear Sir:— The supplie-; sent nie have arrived in good condition and the ypf t quality is very choice. I must confess that it has been a pl-asure to transact vV ^^ business with you. Please accept thanks for your promptness and fine goods. ^St ^, 'Truly yours, ,^^ ^ E. J. Hemple. -^ .^ beeswax Wanted. ^ ^, I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or -ft^ ***■ trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, alway.« » iJi being sure to attach your name on the package. " ^&. ^^ My large illustrated catalog is free, and I shall be glad to send it to you. ■^^ I WALTERS. POUDER, | 4 513=515 Massachusetts Ave., - INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^ 458 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 lifti Golden Italian and Leather Colored, QUEENS Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by Quirin-the=Queen=Breeder. We guarantee everv queen sent out to please vou, or it may be returned inside of 60 days, and another will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long=tongued Red=Ciover Breeders in the United States. We send out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any State, continental island, or European Country. The A.. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our .stock, from time to time. Dr. J. I,. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., says that he secured over 400 pounds of honey (mostly comb), from single colonies containing our queens. We have files of unsolicited testimonials, but space forbids giving any here. We employ 400 swarms in queen-rearing, the business is a specialty with us. We expect to keep tiOOto 1200queenson hand. Parkeriown, O., was our postoffice. but we have changed to Belle- vue which has 13 mails each way daily. (No more of our queens will be jerked from a crane.) Our new circular now ready to mail. Queens, now Ready to go by Return Mail. ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO Price of Queens Before July First. I 1 I 6 I 12 Select Tested Select Tested Breeders Straight Five-band Breeders Palestine Queens Two-comb Nuclei, no queen.. Full Colony on eight frames.. Four fr's brood, 4 fr's fdn.... 81 00 I J5 10 I $9 ( 0 1 50 I 8 00 I 15 00 2 rO 10 00 I 18 00 4 00 6 00 2 00 2 50 6 00 5 00 10 00 I 18 00 14 00 I 25 10 30 00 I 25 00 Specia' '"^ orlce on Queens and Nuclei in 50 and 100 Lo's. I Quirin=the=Queen=Breeder, Beiievue, o. •«*<8i*£ii&'9<&iiSi5>&*>&>»A'*i&*»*«iSb^»i5i&^i2><»d5»^'*»A«»A<»i5^^^ r =Victor's= Superior Stock Is recognized as such, to the extent that last season I was compelled to withdraw my ad. to keep from being swamped with orders. THIS SEASON I SHAI,!, RUN MY Thirteen Hundred Colonies Exdu= sively for Bees and Queens — and will therefore soon be able to — Have 2000 to 2200 Colonies and Nuclei in Operation which warrants nie in promising prompt service. Untested Queens SI. 00; select un- tested |1.25; tested 81,50; select tested |2.50; breeders $4.00 to $7.00. Illustrated price list free for the asking. W. 0. VICTOR, Queen Specialist. WHartOn, TcX. Choice Queens for 1904- We are again offering queens of the best stock ob- tainable. All breeding-queens are selected, first, for superior honey production, and pleased customers are constantly sending in reports like the following: Georgiana, Fla., Jan. 29, 1904. The untested queen I got of you last March was a dandy. I raised about all ray queens from her, and they are all far ahead of the common run. ICELAND Baldwin. Toronto Can., April 8, J903. I am well pleased with your stock, my ordering again is proof of their qualities. They proved gen- tle and were good workers. Hoping that you can fill my order, I am yours truly, Thos. Aikins. Untested queens of Golden or I,eather colored Italians, deliveied in good order at your postofiice, 75c each; S7.50 per doz.; tested, ;?1 00 each; |10 per doz. GEORGE J, VANDE VORD, Daytona, Fla, HONEY QUEENS LAWS' ITALIAN AND HOLY LAND QUEENS. Plenty of fine queer s of the best strains on earth, and witn these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are you interested? Laws' Leather and Golden Italians. Laws' Holy Lands. These three, no more. The following prices areas low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen, |8 00- tested. |1; per dozen, |10. Breeders, the very best of either race, $3 esch. W. H. Laws, Beeville, Texas. PRINTING 1000 Note-heads 9X.SO 1000 Envelopes. XXX, 61-2 X.V 3 250 of either, $1.00, postpaid. Samples and estimatesF bee 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. |459 CARNIOLANS AND ITALIANS Untested Queen $1.00: Six for $5.00; Twelve for $9.00. Tested $1.50. Best Breeder $3.00. Imported $5 00. Spec al price.s quoted on large orders. Having queen- rearing apiaries iu the North and South we can fur- nish any number of queens on short notice. Safe ar- rival guaranteed. Price list free. F. A. IvOCKHART (St, CO., L>aKe George, • Ne'w YorK. Carniolans. We are the largest breeders of this race of bees in America, having bred them for 18 years We find them the ^i?«//«/ bees known. Very hardy and pro- lific, good workers on red clover; great comb-builders, and their sealed combs are of a sno7vy whiteness. Italians. Gentle, prolific, swarm very little, hustlers to work, and a red-clover strain. quee:ns! ATTENTION! During li»04 we will raise and offer you our best queens. Untested, Sl-OO each, .J.).O0 for 6; 89.00 for 12. Tested queens, $1.50 each; best breeders, |.5.t>0 each. One, two, and three Iraiwe nuclei a specialty. Full colonies, and bees by the car-load. Prompt attention to your orders, and safe arrival guaranteed. Satis- faction will be our constant aim. We breed Italians, Carniolaus, Cyprians, and Holy-L,ands, in separate yards, 5 to 25 miles apart. Our stock can not be excelled in the world, as past records prove. New blood and the best to be had. Queens will be reared under the .supervision of E. J. Atchley, a queen-breeder for 30 years. Write for cataloe telling how to rear queens, and keep bees for profit. THE SOUTHLAND QUEEN, $1.00 per year. Tine Jennie AtcKley Co., Box: 18, Bee-ville, Tex. If tHe BE-ST Qtieens are "wHat yoti 'want. Get those reared by Will Atchlty, Manager oftheBeHand Honey Co. We will open business this_seas9n_with more than lUUO fine queens in stock ri- ' ' "' ..... . , ,, . .. cialty of full colonies, carload ! rate yards from six to thirty mi,^.. i»i..,i., ,. ^^ . . -. r -, , . . Tested queens, $1.50 each; 6 for $7.(0, or iSli.OO per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italians, Holy Lands, and AJbi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $J.Ofl each for straight breeders of their sect. Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address THe Bee and Honey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Tex. Tennessee Queens. Daughters of select imported Italians, select long- tongue (Moore's), and select golden, bred 3^ miles apart, and mated to select drones. No impure bees within three and but few within five miles. No dis- ease; 31 years' experience. All mismated queens re- placed free. Circular free. Safe arrival guaranteed. JoHn M. Davis, Spring Hill, Tenn. Price 1 oefor< 1 ;july 6 1st. 12 After July 1 1 6 1st. 12 1 75 1 00 1 50 2 00 4 00 5 00 8 00 10 00 7 50 9 00 1500 18 00 1 60 3 25 75 4 25 1 25 6 60 1 50 8 00 600 8 00 12 00 15 00 Select Tested Select tested OUR SPECIAI^TIE^ Carj' Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hive and Supers, Root's Sections, Weed Process Foundation, and Bingham Smokers. :: •: •: •: Bees arkd QueeniS ix^ tHeir page Catalog Free =V7. V4^. CAFLY fa SON, Lyonsville, Mass.=== ^ ^ Doolittle Says: v^ ^ ^ very choice of this Breeder; if ever a Queen was worth |100, she is." Then we have Breeders from )ur strain that gave the big vields in 'iM, Be .^ , ^ our strain that gave the big vields in '94, and which some of the largest bee-keepers in Cuba say can't be beat. Thev swai m but little and are honey getters. We are breeding for honey gatherers more than color. We cull our cells and queens, and warrant queens purely mated. Prices: Select untested, 81.00; select, 81.25 tc-ted, $1.50; select, $2 00, breeders, (iS.OO, $4 00, and %h 00. Circulars free. J. B. CASE., Port Orange, Florida. Leather Colored Italians For Sale ! strain took first premium Minnesota State Fair, 1901 and 1902. Ready May 1st. E'ght or nine frame Lang- stroth hives, $5.00; ten frame, $6.00 each, f. o. b. Milaca. W. R. ANSELL, Mille Lacs Apiaries, MILACA, niNN. ueens for vSale BEST Golden and Leather Colored Italian Queens. Untested, 75c each: tested, $1 50 Holy land Queens, best for Southwest, $1.00 for warranted; $1 50 tested. Breeders, 83 00 to $.5 00 each. -Slone Bee Company,- Sloi:\e, Iva. 4C0 <.l F.AMN(.S IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted under this head at 15 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, and you must say you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will b^ charged our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w w ANTED — To exchange five-pallon can of pure honey for its equal quantity of maple .«yrup W. H. Yenney, Glassboro, N. J. ANTED. — To exchange S-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping-can. for honey. Root's goods. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. w w ANTED.— To exchange 60 lb cans for honey, cash, or offers. No 1 at 50 cts. per ca«e: No. 2 at 40 cts. G. Iv Buchanan, Holliday's Cove. W. Va. ANTED.— Refuse from the wax extractor, or slum- gum. State quantity and pi ice. Orel t,. Hekshiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. V^ANTED. — To exchange catalog describing the best '^ hive in existence, a double-walled hive for only 20c extra, for your name and address T. K. Massie, Tophet, W. Va. WANTED— To exchange 1 new gents' Waltham '^ watch in 20-year filh d case, and 500 dahlia bulbs, for best offer in Italian bees, full colonies, or nuclei. M. W. Royal, Gardiner, Maine. IVANTED.--T0 buy, somewhere in Missouri, an '•^ apiary, large or small, in 8 or 10 frame hives, with fence and plain-section system supers Addre.ss H. H. CoNLEY, Jacksonville, Ark. Y^ANTED. — Bees in Dovetailed or Langstroth hives, ""^ full colonies in the immediate vicinity of Chicago. Write promptly, stating number of colonies offered, condition, price at which they will be delivered in Chicago, etc. The a. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. Situations Wanted. VyANTED. — A position as book-keeper. Correspon- » » dence solicited. Gernal B. Slawson, Greenville, Mich. w ANTED.— Situation by an experienced bee-man able to take charge — either salary or shares. Cor- respondence solicited Address Geo. Herrick, 12,110 Parnell Ave , Chicago, 111. Help Wanted. Y^ANTED.— Assi.stant with some experience who is '' willing to bach, one to three miles out. State ex- perience and salary. Thos. Stanley & Son, Manzanola, Colo. Addresses Wanted. WANTED.— Your address on a postal for a little '' book on Queen-Rearing. Sent free. Address Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass. VyANTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the '' truth about it by subscribing for the Havana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havana. 81 00 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale. — A limited amount of ginseng sets. C. G. Marsh, Kirkwood, Broome Co., N. Y. For Sale.— White I,eghorns, extra laying strain, cockrels and hens ; eggs, 81.50. Reference, bank. P. HOSTETLER, East L,ynne, Mo. For Sale. — Single-comb White I,eghorn eggs from extra laying strain. 15 81 00 30, $1 75 100. $4.00. C. M. WooLVER, Richfield Sp ings, N. Y. For Sale. — Full colonies at $5 each; after May 10, $4 each. Queens, nuclei, and btes by the pound in propartion F. C. Morrow, Wallaceburg, Ark. For Sale. — 10 colonies of bees in ten frame hives at 85 a colony, and 20 AD Jumbo complete hives, painted, at fl 25 each. Ea l Baker, 2340 Ayres Ave , Toledo, Ohio. For Sale.— 57 New AE5 8 fr. Root's Dovetailed hives in flat for 855.00, or 10 for |10; also 10 new 2S 8-f rame supers in flat for 83 50. R. S. Chapin, Marion, Mich. For Sale. — Five-gallon square tin can used for hon- ey, at about half price of new cans. For prices etc., address Orel I,. Hershisfr, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale. — 3000 L. extracting combs, in first-class condition, at 10c each. Also 200 Strame painted bodies at 2.5c. H. & W. J. Manley, Sanilac Center, Mich. For Sale. — I,eather colored Italian bees, with a tested queen in each colony, at$6 00 per colony. Good strong swarms. In lots of ten. $5.()0 each. No dis- ease. F. a. Gray, Redwood Falls, Minn. For Sale — 20 colonies Italians, Danz. hives, strong in bees and honey; combs on wired foundation. 84.00 per colony, f. o. b. Dr. S. B Jackson, Idlewood, Allegheny Co.. Pa. Clubbing Offers — Modern Farmer, Western Fruit Grower, Vick's Family Magazine, or Poultry Gazette, and Gleanings, all for $1 00. First three 50 cents. Write for others. Modern Farmer, St Joseph, Mo. For Sale — Italian bees, full colonies. $4 00 three- frame nucleus, with queen, $2 50; two frame nucleus, with queen. |2 25 ; one frame nucleus, $1.50; tested queen, $1 25 ; untested. $1 00 ; 1,. frames. Mrs. a. A. Simpson, Swarts, Pa. For Sale. — Apiarian outfit of small house and acre of land with 200 colonies Italians in Dovetailed hives, in best white-clover part of Minnesota (also basswood and goldenrod); to a buyer of the lot, colo- nies at $4.00, and accessories at one-half list price; combs 20c a square foot. X Y Z, Gleanings. For Sale.- 40 colonies bees, chaff, eight-frames ; 10 empty, and 8 Dovetailed with full combs ; 124 Dove- tailed supers, plain fence 4%xl^. Conplete outfit for comb honey for season's crop At P. M R R., 7 miles south of Charlevoix. Account of poor health. E. WooDALL, Phelps, Mich. For Sale. — Full Colonies in Dovetailed hives, $8; 1- frame nucleus, 82 75; 2-frame nucleus, 83 50 14 lb. bees and queen, $2; 1 lb. bees and queen, $3. All will have pure Italian long-tongued honey queens, laying, and warranted purely mated. J. B. Masov, Mechanic Falls, Me. For Sale. — An apiary and farm, consisting of 120 acres good grazing land, and only fifteen minutes' walk from the city of Cardenas, and on the public road; having on said place 350 hives (.American system), all necessary supplies to handle these, good house on grounds, numerous fruit-trees, plenty of shade for bees, thirty odd head of cattle raised on the place, among these six fine American milch cows (Holstein stock) selling nice little amount of milk daily, good- ridint saddle-horse, ox wagon with fine yoke oxen in fine condition, two good water wells, large pine-apple grove now producing, and with capacity to plant, if required, 60 000 henequen plants. Sell for cash, or on time with satisfactory guarrantee. Address American Bee Hive, P. O. Box 44, Cardenas, Cuba. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 461 For Sale. — A few colonies of bees. A.E.Johnston, Dunuell, Minn. Route 2. For Sale.— Bee-keepers' svippHes. Root's goods at Root's prices. Send for catalog. G. O. KvANS, Fulton, Mich. For Sale.— 25 colonies bees. Single colony, $1.00; ten, |:175; 25 for |3.50 per colony. S. CoULTHARD, Shelby, Mich. For Sale.— Italian bees and queens, in 10-frame Roofs l,angstroth hives. Otto Kleinow, 122 Military Ave., Detroit, Mich. For Sale. — Second hand steam automobile in good running order, for 8250.00. F. B , care of Gleanings, Peebles. O. For Sale.— 50 colonies Italian bees in Quinby-Heth- erington hives, stores to last until June E. D. Clark, Randallsville, Madison Co., N. Y. For «5ale.— At 75 cents each, untested queens, from selected Italian motheis. Satisfaction guaranteed. Fort Deposit, Alabama. For Sale.- 325 colonies of Italians and complete outfit, location and business in southwest Texas. Write for particulars. C. A. Worth, Floresville, Texas. For Sale. — About 75 two story 8franie dovetailed hives nailed and painted. A few com*^-honey supers, etc.; also about 5U excluders. Will sell the lot cheap. Address R. M. Spencer, Notdhoff, Cal. For Sale.— 75 colonies of bees. All the bees in a full colony queen, 1 Langslroth frame of brood in a light shipping case, S2.'^0; two frames brood, 82 75; three frames brood, f.3 00. Five per cent off on ten colonies, ten per cent off on the whole lot. J. N. McColm, Plymouth, Wis. For Sale. — A business room 20 feet wide. 60 feet long. 2 stories high, lot 30 feet wide and 105 feet long, also a business consisting of new and second hand fur niture — buying selling, and exchanging all kinds of household furniture, stoves, and musical instruments ; an established trade in Root's bee-supplies, and 20 col- onies of bees, located on main street of county-seat : is the only store of the kind in the county. Price $3-500. Reason for selling, poor health. Address J. Gallagher, Ottawa, Putnam Co., O. MENDARIP OUTFIT. The best yet. A hand Bewing-machine and riveter. The main instrument is the tool Mendarip. This will rivet any break in your harness — even a tug ; mend jour rubber and leather belts, etc. With the needle you can sew rents in the carpet on tht floor, stitch on half-soles, cover balN, and, in fact, it can be used in scores of ways. There is a sewing-clamp, knife, needles, thread, wax, everything NEED- FUL FOR SAVING TIME AND MAKING MONET, for the boys can do many an odd job for the neighbors. Tlie greatest value for the least money. F. J. ROOT, 90 West Broadway, New York. Do You Need Queens? If so. yoii want none but the best. Prolific Queens? — thev mean larg-e colonies. Good Workers ? — they mean full supers. We can fill your orders for such queens by return mail, from our choice strain of three band Italians, which are not excel- led as honey-gatherers. : : : Choice tested queens, $1.00 each; untested 7Sc; per dozen, $8.00. Send for circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LOUISIANA. — HONEY QUEENS — Golden and Leather- colored Italians Do you want finequeens? 1 have them. Tested $1.2.5, six for 86 50; selectfd tested, $1.50; extra select tested, $2.00; breed- ers, $.3 00. H. C. TRIESCH, Jf., DYER, AR.K. 19 0 4. TRY J. W. TAYLOR'S record-breakers. The.^ are three- banded leather-colored Iialians. They have broken all records as honey-gatherers. I have made a specialty of queen-breeding for ten years to secure the best bees, and now I have them. Untested, 76 cts., or $8.00 a dozen; tested, $1.25 each; select tested, $1.76; each. Breeders, the best, $4.00 each. I have three yards, and can till all orders by return mail. I guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction. J. E. Atchley says the finest queen he ever owned he bought from me. Tryone. J. W. TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark. QUEENS DIRECT From ITALY Please send us your address on a postal card, and we will send your our price list of queen=, written in Eng- lish. Correspondence not sufficiently post-stamped will be refused. Our motto: '• Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you. do ye even so to them."' Write MALAN BROTHERS, Queen - breeders. "Apiaro," Luserna, San Giovanni, Italy. E. E. Lawrence (Box G 28), Doniphan, Mo. ^ Breeder of Fine Italian ^ QUEEN BEES. Send for Price List. Local Agents for Root's Goods. MY GOLDEN BREEDER gave me 400 potinds of honey last year. Her daughters are 75c each ; $8 00 per dozen. George W. Cook, Spring Hill, Kans. ="Red=Clover and Italian Queens=== FOR SALE. Untested queens. 75c; tested. $100; selected, $1.25 ; breeders. 8'2 50 to $5.C0. All queens by rMurn mail for 1904. Send for ciicular. G. Routzahn, Biglerville, Pa. li STORY EIGHT-FRAME L HIVE $1.00. Sections Dovetailed hives. Foundation and all supplies at Reduced Prices. Send for list. W. D. SOPER, • Route 3, JACKSON, (MICH. Wn.w\.^g^A^ Lovers of Good Books SI nXGQ m to write for list of 2(.0 titles to select iroiu. Beautiful cloth-bound $1 books mailed for 50c These books are by the be'^t autVior.s, 200 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO., (Ref. Publishers of Gleanings.) Box 1014, Denver,Col. 462 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURIl. MayI Perfect Goods ! f ow' Prices \ jS^ ^ A Customer Once, A Customer Al\vays. ^ We manufacture BEE-SUPPLIES of all kinds. Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published U/ye Ameri- can Bee-Reeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. U/ye W. T. Falco ADDRESS W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our gouds at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. Jamesto^wn, IVI^r^ Rc^c^enm, IVI^r^ S-t^cIc We now occupy the greatest floor space, and carry the larg- est stock of goods, that we ever did before. Our specialty is Wholesale and Retail Lewis' Goods AT C. M. Scott 6l Co., 1004 E Washington St Factory Prices. Dovetailed hives, Wisconsin hives, Champion Chaff hives. Improved Langstroth Simplici- ty hives, and our new hive which we call the Acme hive. Thousands of pounds of comb foundation; millions of sections in about 30 different sizes and styles, and everything the bee- keeper needs. Also a full line of Hoosier Incubators and Brooders. Do not fail to find out all about TH E ACM E HIVE. Hundreds of them already sold, this year. Catalogs and pit nty of information free. Let us estimate on your order. Indianapolis, Ind. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CUL'lURE. 463 MarsHfield Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. "We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog- and price list. CAe MarsKfield Mazitxfacttiring Company, MarsHHslcl, 'Wis. Box 60, RED OAK. iOWA UPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- < ety (jf everv thing needed in the apiary, as- I siiring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, 'and prompt shipment. We want every I bee- keeper to have our FREE ILLUSTRAT- ' ED CATAI.OG, and read description of ' Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. I «^ URITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. ' Trester Supply Company, Lincoln, Neb. Shugart & "O'lren. Council Bluffs. Iowa. I. H. Mjers, L,amar, Col. I. J- S"tringharTr&, N^^a/^ Y^rlc, . ■ Keeps in stock a complete line of ff niArifIn ftlinnf lftft*^°'°"''^®°^^''^''^'^ h&^^ in newhive $8.50 UrilQriyri vlinnilPv I'hree-frame nucleus colonies with Italian queen 3.7 5 nLfiQllflll DQUUllOD'^*^^'^^'^^'^''^"^"'^*^" '-ZS Untested queen ,.00 ^|JAU££.Ult W«^^**-WWsilk-faced veil, best made 40 Catalog FREE Apiaries—Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom— 105 Park Place, N. Y. RO OT'S PRICES Send for catalog. «. D. BUElvL,, Unioi\ City, MicH. NOT IN THE TRUST. Roofs Bee -Supplies The oldest bee-supply house in the East. Sells the BEST GOODS at former prices. Send for Catalog. J. H. M. COOK. 70 Cortlandt .St., Ne^v YorK City. Tested queens now ready by return mail. Paciric Coast Buyers are directed to the announcement that SMITHS' CASH STORE (inc ) 25 Market St., San Francisco. California. carries a complete line of apiary supplies. Root's reg ular and Danzenbaker hives, Dadant's foundation, and Union hives. Money can be saved by buying from them. Prices quoted same as Root's catalog for 1904, with carload rate 90c per 100 pounds added This saves buyers $1 .50 per 100 pounds in freight, or 36c on each hive. BEE KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honey, sections, comb toundation. and such other articles used in the apiarv. Wrile for price list. A. W. S'WAN eSb CO. Centralia, Kan. Perfection BrtisKes. >!• Twenty-five T. W. Pointers, by mail, for 2-5 cents in stamps. Twenty-five b.ushes will last, if properly taken care of, for years. Try them and you will use no other. Dan "WHite, New LfOndon, OHio. 464 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 Owing: to the fact that winter losses have been very heavy, there will be an unusual demand for bees; and it might be a matter of great accommoda ion to some of our subscribers to know where they can get more. We will give in our next issue, and possibly the one foil wing, free mention of the names and addresses of all those who can spare bees at a reasonable price, either in nucleus or colony form. All we will give is just the address so that prospective buyers can write for further particulars. COMB-FOUNDATION MACHINES. Since the list of second-hand mills listed in our last we have sold one of the 14 inch and have added two 10- inch, which we offer as follows-: No. 063. 2x10. round-cell medium-brood mill of late style, nearly as good as new. Piice $\5. No. 064, 2x 0, round cell medium-brood mill, old style; has not been used much. Price $10. BEESWAX MARKET. One effect of the heavy winter losses in bees will be a larger supply of beeswax available for the market. We will jay, till further notice, 30 cts. cash, 32 trade, for average wax delivered here. When making ship- ment be sure to put your name on the package, and write, ttlling the kind and number of packages shipp; d and the gross and net weight. Include, also, a shipping receipt, and we can send along what you may want iir exchange without waiting for the wax to arrive. WHAT AUTOMOBILE TO PURCHASE. We have been asked a good many times what auto- mobile we would recommend. Many of the machines advertised are an experiment. E R. Root bought one such machine because it was cheaper. He now knows that he would have saved much if he had bought an Olds, which is not an experiment, but a machine that runs. We therefore refer the inquirer to the Olds ad- vertisement in another column If you can't afford a new machirre, get a sfcond hand Olds, which you can get for half price The chaii'^es are that you can get a better machine than some other make new for more money. BUSINESS OUTLOOK. Our record for April is twenty-three carloads; and since Jan. 1, eighty-one. Oiving to heavy winter loss- es, our dealers in Michigan and New York, whom we stocked up early, do not need later shipments, as their trade has been very light. The demand west and southwest has more than made up for this falling off, so that we are still crowded with orders. If the weath- er warms up soon the prospect is we shall have all we can do throughout the season. Southwest Texas is having a veritable boom this year. We have shipped 14 cars, and have another to go within a few days where we sent only five a year ago. In spite of this great increase, a numberof our custom- ers have been greatly disappointed by delays in get- ting goods promptly from our San Antonio office. We shipped two cars in February and three in March. Some of these cars were delayed in transit, thus pre- venting our manager from shipping when he had ex- pected and promised. We have shipped two cars to M. R. Madary, at San Jose, Cal., whose home address is Fresno: aKo a large car to G. G. Wickson & Co., of San Francisco, Cal., who has been selling our goods there for a good many years Shipments into Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas, have been just three times as many as a year ago at the same date, and to Chicago six times; and still our deal- ers haven't goods enough to keep their orders filled promptlj^. This indicates a marvelous increase in bee- keeping in the Mississippi and Missouri valleys. DANZENBAKER 20th Century SMOKER. $^s&% <.. ,^^' A SMOKER SURE FOR $I.OO. GUARANTEED TO SUIT, OR DOLLAR BACK. The last in the field, combines the best feature of others, with special ones all its own. It has a perforated draft-grate at the side that strengthens the firecupand holds a removable lining and packing in place, that keeps the fire-cup cool, adding to its durability. This lining can be replaced at a small cost. The draft-hole is midway cf the fire-cup, directly opposite the only opening in the bellows, from which the air is forced and deflected upward or downward, or both ways, as desired, to secure a dense or hot or cool volume of smoke, which is determin- ed by the filling and lighting of the fuel. It is superior in makeup and material. It has no parts that can clog with soot. It will continue to smoke from three to ten hours, in light work, until all the fuel is consumed. It wins friends that willingly recommend it to others. Full directions for use, and preparing special fuel for subduing bees and destroy- ing the eggs and larvse of the wax-moth, with each smoker. PRICES : $1.00 each ; three for $2 70 when sent with other goods. By mail, each 25 cents extra. ADDRESS F. DANZENBAKER Care The A. I Root Co., Sec. 1, Horticulture Building, St. Louis, Missouri. 1904 GLEAMNGS IN BEE CULIURE. 465 W W % ^ m in 0/ J884 PRICE LIST OF 1904 t Italian We are booKing orders for Queens and Bees at ttie above prices. WE:TUMPRA, - ALABAMA. /f> I Queens | t and "Rp^pkC ^n 0/ «» * Ti i)/ S Untested Queens, each - - - $1 00 | (fj if* I Tested Queens, each - - ^ ^^ I /£ ^. I Select Tested Queens, each - - 2 50 ^ L ^ jj Two-frame Nucleus (no queen), - J 50 S /p il) £ Three-frame Nucleus (no queen), - - 2 25 jj (f\ iff S Four-frame Nucleus (no queen), - 3 00 J{ (f\ \^ $ Full Colony, eight-frame, (no queen) - 6 00 J ^^ 1^/ We breed with scientific, intelligent methods from the best ^\ \|/ Imported and Long-tongue stock. Cheaper queens may (f^ ij^ be had elsewhere, but we make no effort to compete with (II lljf the prices of the cheap-oueen men. Our stock is worth (f\ \i/ our price. You will be pleased with our stock and our (I) \|> prompt and careful attention to your orders. We guarantee it. (f\ il) ^^ i|/ ^ 04-pag'e Catalog of Supplies Free. *»? /^\ S J. M. JENKINS. I m 466 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 1 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. •^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ Send for Our FREE New Illustrated Catalog and Price List. >^ ^ F I R Our entire stocR vv^as not destroyed Warehouse escaped with full line of Bee keepers' Supplies. Foundation-machiuery now running' full capacity, and back orders nearly filled. Send in your order and it will receive our prompt attention. :: :: :: :: Retail aoci "Wholesale^ Send at once for catalog- with prices and discounts. Work- ing wax into foundation for cash, a specialty. Ask for samples. Beeswax always wajited, at highest prices. GUS DITMER., Augusta, Wise. ▼^♦♦▼VVVv^ X ^ / BINGHAM T J 6ELP CLEANING ♦ \ BEE SMOKER Bingham Smokers Bingham Smokers are the originals, and have all the improve- ments, and have been the Standard of Excellence for 23 years. No wonder Bingham's four-inch Smoke-engine goes without puff- ing, and does not drop inky drops. The perforated si eel 6re-grate has 381 hol< s to air the fuel and support the fire. Heavy tin smrke-engine, 4 inch stove, per mail, $1.50 ; 3H inch, 81.10; 3-inch, |1.00 ; 2J^-inch, 90 cents; 2-inch, 65 cents. T. F. Bingham, Farwell, Mich. ▼^♦^▼vv^^^ ►♦ »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦ »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ < Volume XXXII. MAY 15, 1904. fl f$) W) «$» f$> <4> f$> f$> •j Let me sell you the Best Ooods Made; you will be pleased on receipt » ^ of them, and save money by ordering from me. Will allow you a discount on ^ f$> early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is r$» f^^ one of the best shipping-poiats to reach all parts of the Union, particularly f^fy pj^ in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction *. T guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed T •^ promptly, and free of charge. : : : : : : ^ ^^ I Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and j. ^ a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and Y Hjy without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey ^^ 1^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and 4^ u^ bee-veils. ^^ ^ (^ ^ I Shall be Pleased to Book Your Order for Queens; Golden X Z_ Italians, Red-clover, and Carniolans. Will be ready to furnish nuclei, be- z '^ ginning with June, of all the varieties mentioned above. Sli* ^ ^ ^ I will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and ^i^ y^ shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- ^ i^ rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. (^ (^ (^ i^ I have in Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants: Sweet- <|i ^ scented clover, white, and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- ^ js. celia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. T, <^ i^ i^ (^ (^ <^ <^ C. H. W. Weber. Office (St> Salesroom, 2140-2148 Central A.ve. "WareHotise, Freeinai:\ ai\d Cex^tral A.venue. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 472 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mav 15 Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. Fanct.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel- etain or otherwise ; all the cells sealed exceot an occasional cell, the outside surface of the wood well scraped of propolis. ANo. 1.— All SIC nn^ well filled except the row of cells next to the wood : l imbs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or t lie entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark j that is. there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Philadelphia. — There is little demand for comb honey, and prices are unchanged. Commission men are not refusing any reasonable offer. Fancy, 12(0(13 ; No 1, 10@11 : buckwheat, 8^9; fancy extracted, 7^ ; amber, 654. Beeswax, 31. We are producers of honey, and do not handle on commission. May 9. Kansas City. — The honey market is about the same as in our last, but we are getting some letters now in regard to new honey. We believe that, the sooner the old stock is disposed of, the more money it will bring. With the advent of new honey we look for lower prices on old stock. C. C. Clemons & Co. May 9. Chicago. — The market has an over-supply of comb honey, very little of which will pass as No. 1, which sells at 11@12. and off grades at a corresponding value. Extracted brings 6@7 for best white, and amber .5^6. Beeswax, 30. R. A. Burnett & Co. May 9. Toledo. — The honey market is rather quiet, as is usual at this time of the year ; but as our stock is most- ly cleaned up we making sales as follows : Fancy white clover in no-drip shipping-cases, 15; No. 1, 13; buckwheat, 12 ; white-clover extracted, in barrels, 654; cans, "714 '. amber, in barrels, .5;4@6 ; cans, 654@7. Bees- wax, 28@30. Griggs Brothers. May 9. Albany. — The honey market is very dull here now, being between seasons. Quotations are nominal — white comb, 12@15; mixed, 10@r2 ; candied honey, and honey in bad condition, no certain price. Extracted, dark, 5@o% ; light, 6@7. Beeswax 28@.30. May 11. MacDougall & Co. Denver. — Our market is entirely cleaned up on No. 1 white comb honey. We could get $2 50@|2.75 per case for No. 1 white stock. There is no demand for candied comb honey. No. 1 white extracted honey brings '!%®7}i ; light amber, 6^(a)7. Beeswax, 26@30. May 11 Colorado Honey-producers' Ass'n. St. Louis. — There is no change in the honey mar- ket. Business is very dull. Fancy comb honey, 13 @ 14 ; A No. 1, 12 ; No. 1. 10@ 11 ; No. 2, 9 ; No 3, 7@8 ; broken honey, 6(017. Extracted, 5@ol4 in cans, 4(g4J4 in barrels. R. Hartmann & Co. May 9. Toronto. — No change in price. Extracted, ( comb, J1.50(g$1.75 per dozen. Market is slow. E. Grainger & Co. May 10. For Sale. — 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in cases of two new (iO-lb. cans each, at 7^ cts. per lb.; 335-lb. barrels at 7 cts. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R. R. No. 1, Viola, Wis. For Sale. — Thirty barrels choice extracted white- clover honey. Can put it up in any style of package desired. Write for prices, mentioning style of pack- age, and quantity wanted. Sample mailed on receipt of three cents in P. O. stamps. Emil J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale. — Fancy basswood and white-clover hon- ey; 60-lb. cans, 8c; 2 cans or more, 7'/4c; bbls., 7Hc. E. R. Pahl & Co., 294 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted — Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — Extra fancy comb honey, about 100 lbs. each in Danz and ^Yi-s-V^ sections, the latter in two- beeway and four-beeway sections. The a. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at any time of the year. Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hildreth & Segelken, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 30c cash or 32 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St., Chicago, 44 Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The a. I. Root Company, Medina, O. Clias. Israel (SI Brotliers 48<3-4QO Canal St., Neiv York. Wholesale Dealers and Commission Merohants in Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. Consignments Solicited. Established 1875. BEE-SUPPLIES EXCLUSIVELY. ^-.:-:- A COMPLETE LINE OF— — Lewis' Fine Bee-Supplies, Dadant's Foundaiion Bingham's Original Patent Smokers and Knives, Root's Extractors, Gloves, Veils, Etc' Queen Bees and nuclei in season. In fact, anything needed in the "Bee-line," at FACTORY PRICES HERE IN CINCINNATI, where prompt service is yours and freight rates are lowest. Special discounts for early orders. SEND FOR CATALOG. THE FRED W. MUTH GO. We are successors to nobody and nobody is successor to OS. 51 WALNUT STREET. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 1W4 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 473 POULTRY SUCCESS. nth Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated.SOcyr. , shows re-iders how to succeed with Poultry. Special Introductory Offer. Syears60cts; lyear25cts; 4 months trial lOcts. Stampsaccepted. Sample copy free. 148 page lllustratea practical poultry book tree to yearly (subscribers. CatalogTie of poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co., il^^^ia,o. L[ce Killing Machine kills all lice and mites. No injury to birds or feathirs- Handles any fowl, sniullest chick to largest trobbler. Alu.lo in three sizes Pays fur itself first season. Wso Li'jhtniTtg Li-f KilHitfj Powder, Poultry lilts. Lice Murder, etc. We secure special low express rates. Catalog mailed free. Write tor it CHARLES SCHUD, Ionia, Mich. THE 4-LEAr CLOVER Cream Raiser, Don't mix. Has utmost cooling surliice. Inner can quickly remov- able. No water needed in winter. Cold air chamber over whole can. V'ery easy to clean. Patent faucets and many other desirahle features described in our FREE catalogue. PLYMOITU MFG. CO., Plymouth, Ohio. DEATH TO BUGS worms and nil LindM of vegetable insect pests tryou use «ur Acme Powder Gun J,?e'ctf;er,'e'^i^e7o^r"ppiy. ing dry poison to Potatoes, Tobacco, etc. Works under as well as over, dusts every part of every leaf. Uses less because it wastes none. If your dealer don't have it send his nane and «il.OO; well deliver thnrses psiid. Write for Catalogue and Booklet, " The g& Acme of Potato Profit." Potato Imple- i^ ment Co., Boi20 , Traverse City, Mich. Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PRICES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultr.vmen, tarmers, wo- mfn. Here is something WORTH LOOK- ING INTO. Send for our FREE BOOK, "How to Make Money with Squabs," and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MASS SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps ^PRAY Double-actlng.LIft, PUMPS Tank and Spray 11^ ^^ Store Ladders, Etc. J Shay tools ■ aisss^Mrvaimm of all kfnds. Write ■ Qiass^HVaifen^ ,p. Circulars and .^^ ▼ JB^, Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel roller bearings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown on the track— hence its name— "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buv in auantitv. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland. • Ohio. DANZENBAKER 20th Century SMOKER. iftPiM A SMOKER SURE FOR $I.OO. GUARANTEED TO SUIT, OR DOLLAR BACK. The last in the field, combines the best feature of others, with special ones all its own. It has a perforated draft-grate at the side that strengthens the fire-cup and holds a removable lining' and packing- in place, that keeps the fire-cup cool, adding to its durability. This lining can be replaced at a small cost. The draft-hole is midway of the fire-cup, directly opposite the only opening- in the bellows, from which the air is forced and deflected upward or downward, or both ways, as desired, to secure a dense or hot or cool volume of smoke, which is determin- ed by the filling and lighting of the fuel. It is superior in make-up and material. It has no parts that can clog with soot. It will continue to smoke from three to ten hours, in light work, until all the fuel is consumed. It wins friends that willingly recommend it to others. Full directions for use, and preparing special fuel for subduing bees and destroy- ing the eggs and larv^ of the wax-moth, with each smoker. PRICES : $1.00 each; three for S2. 70 when sent with other goods. By mail, each 25 cents extra. ADDRESS F. DANZENBAKER Care The A. I Root Co., Sec. 1, Horticulture Building, St. Louis, - Missouri. 474 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 Don't fool with your face. In- sist on Williams' Shaving Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2 -cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet ** How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. AVE YOUR BACK Save time, horses, work and money by using an Electric Handy Wagon Low wheels, broad tires. No [living man can build a better. Book on "WheelSense" free. [Electric Wheel Co. Bx95. Quincy. II I. "TELEPHONE ;r.^;» a book of meaty telephone information pivinp: just what the farmer wants to know aliout 'phones. A '•straig-ht from the shoulder" tall". A book that will post you how to buy riprht. Sent free if you ask for book F C6 Address nearest oftlee. Stromberg-Carlson Tel. Co., Rochester, N, Y., Chicago, III. FENCE! STROMGEST MADE. Bull strong, Chicken Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesalf Prices, Fnlly Warranted. Catalog Free COILEDSPRINe FENCECO. Box 101, fflnehester, Indiana, C. 8. A. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cut- ting, mitering, grooving boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for working wood in any man- ner. Send for catalog A. The Seneca Falls MTg Co., C^^ 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs.. N. Y. '^^^ Foot and Hand Power BARNES' Hand and Foot Power Machinery. This cut represents our combined circular saw, which is made for bee- keeper's use in the con- struction of their hives, sections, boxes, etc., etc. Machines on Trial. Send for illustrated cata- log and prices. Address W. F. & Jno. Barnes Co., 545 Ruby St., Rockford. Illinoisc Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1873.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CAIvVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. I,. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms: $1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50; three years, $2.00 ,• five years, |;5.00, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontinuances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. An^subsciiber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, and will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time paid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISING RATES. Column width, 2ys inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 Line Rates {Nel). 250 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 1000 lines® 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates (Nei). 1 page $40 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. ClT-ctilation Average for 1903. 18,666. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col., President. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111., Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, I^os Angeles, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, I^oveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. Wm. McEvov, Woodstock. Ont 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 475 •Ot^t Southern Lands FOR Bee Culture, General Farming, Live-stock Raising, Fruit, Truck and Poultry Raising, in sections traversed by Southern Railway, Mobile & Ohio Railroad. Good markets, productive soil, valuable timber, health region. Fine old-time plantations, farm lands, wild lands, $3 TO $15 PER ACRE. Interesting literature sent free on ap- plication to M. V. Richards, Land and Industrial Agent, Washington, D. C. CHAS. S. CHASE, T. B. THACKSTON, AGENT Chemical Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. TKAVELING AGENT 225 Dearborn St., Chicago, ill. *Sf>Sf'Sf>jf*if*if*if>Sf*if*if*if*Sf*Sf' Kf one season, planting- in ro- tation cauliflower, cucum- bers, egg-plants, in beauti- ful, health-giving Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-growers. Thousands of acres open to free homestead entry. Handsomely illustrated de scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchange in Vir- ginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Uine Railway, Portsmouth, Va. Splendid Location for Bee-lrt Story Magazine, 96 pages in regular ma- gazine size of clean stories every month on fine book paper. 1.00 Price The American Poultry Journal .50 The oldest and best poultry paper In the world. The Household Realm . . .50 For 18 years the only woman> paper owned, edited and puO- Ushed exclusively by won>en. Kick's Family Magazine . .50 .Hi FOR ONLY $1. and tea Dames o' farm en The leading Floral Magazine of Americ*. J ** abovt For Vlck*8 jroa may anbBtltnte Green's Frul» ©tower. Farm Journal, Blooded Stock, Kansas City Btar or St. Paul DlBpatch. Sample copies of The Farmers' Voice free. Liberal terms to agents. VOICE PUB. CO., nA Voice Bldg., Chlcag;a FnVPlnnP^ prlnted-to-order, only tl per 1000: send Lil T CIU|JC J, for free sample and state your buslneaa. CUBAN FARM '%%%^o^^^ Oiaiige land, halt fice, etc mile jroin lailroau station, po.st of- HARRY HOWE, Paso Real, CUBA. 476 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 "BEES AND HONEY" FREE! This is the Book Written by = THOMAS Q. NEWMAN, = FORMERLY EDITOR OF American Bee Journal. It contains 160 pages, bound in paper cover. We pro= pose to GIVE AWAY these books to NEW SUBSCRIBERS, and there are . . . .ONLY A FEW LEFT SEND us $1.00 for whole year's subscription to the WEEKLY AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, and we will also mail you a copy of *'Bees and Honey," if you will mention having seen this offer in Gleanings (book alone, 50c). You will need to be prompt if you want a copy of the book. Sample of the Bee Journal free on request. ADDRESS . W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn 5t., Chicago, Ills. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 477 "Shook=S warming'' And Michigan's uncertain weather are considered by Mr. Townsend in tlie liee-keepers' Review for May. He shows how many apiaries may be managed in this way by one man. aiid how to solve the weather part of .the problem: also how, by means of help, half a dozen apiaries may be run on" this plan Incidentally, he points out some of the advantages that may be se- cured by the use of horizontally divisible-brood-cham- bers. Send ten cents for this issue, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. THe Latest '^'' TKe Best ROOT'S me:ndarip. [a perfect hand sewing ~1Wj— — I MACHINJE- AND RIVETER COMBINED Price for complete $0 Outfit only j£^ F. J. Root, OO AVEST BROADWAY, NEW YOR.K CIXY. Every Buggy Perfect This is Our Celebrated Split Hickory Special $5Q "" 1 with over 100 points of merit The King of all Top Buggies. Sold on Thirty Days FREE TRIAL 2 Years Guarantee We take a great deal of pride in having every buggy seut out of our factory per- fect. It is the way we have built up our immense business. You take no risk in buying a Split Hickory Vehicle because back of it stands the Split Hickory Fac- tory. We positively will not have a dissatisfied customer. Every one of our uggies — and we manufacture over 100 difTtreiit styles — Is Guaran- teed for Two Years. We spll them on 30 Days Free Trial. Surreys This is one of our complete line of Split Hickory Extension Top Straight Sill It is a beauty in every detail and cannot help but please. Our factory price fii7R» on this job is ijf I w Two years guarantee. 8old on Thirty Days Free Trial. We Manufacture and Sell Direct to User, at Factory- Prices, a full line of all kinds of HARNESS. You should send at once for our 136.Page 1904 FREE Catalog which describes our complete line Buy from a factory that has a pride in turning out the best goods that money and skill can produce. The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co., H. C. PHELPS, President, ThiB is our Split Hickory TOP BUCCY not quite ae good at the Split Hickory Special, but the best ever made for anywhere COTfSO near the money ww 'a^ Two years guarantee. Sold on Thirty Days Free Trial. 5720 Sixth St., Cincinnati, 0. USED FROM 0CI-:AX TO OCEAN FOR 20 YEARS. Sold by Seed Deeslers of America. Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, Trees and Shrubs from ln^,ects. Put up in popular iiackages at popular prices. Write for free pamphlet on Buks and Blifcrhts, etc., to B. HAMMOND. = Fishkill-on-Hudson, New York. 478 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May IS 300 Cars of Bass wood are now Rolling Toward Watertown* This^ in addition to our now enormous stocky will be used to furnish you with sections* G. B* Lewis Co*, Watertown, Wis. IRNER OF a^CTJ&N 0£ JOUR • de:.vote.d; •andHoNEV- •MD HOME. •INTEJtEST^ ,$l£°PEaYtAR '\@"MED)NA-0H10' Vol. XXXIL MAY J 5, J 904. No. 10 ■^ ^w«s iMkfi^ Lr.C.CMiLLER. So A. I. Root couldn't g-et along without posies. Good ! I feel sorry for those who have no flowers, and still sorrier for those who don't care whether they have them or not. Cutting honey with wire seems to have been carried on in Canada too. John Fix- ter did it in a more wholesale way than any thing' yet reported — had a big wooden tank made so that it could be taken down, leaving a solid block of honey weighing' a ton to be wired into little blocks. Good for Canada! Fashion seems to rule quite a bit in bee- keeping as well as in women's shirtwaists. In Europe it is a rather common thing to have horizontal or long-idea hives. Seems to be the fashion there. In this country Poppleton stands nearly alone. But when a man like Poppleton does a thing, it's the same as if a whole lot were at it. Golden-leaved salvias were praised hip hly by A. I. Root. I got some and set out in a bed. They were not as good as the common kind — merely looked a little faded. Though they weren't true to name, I tried it again with same result last year. Very likely if I'd kept them in the house they would have been as fine as Bro. Root's. Two wings are shown on p. 438, and not a word said about the lower one. Mr. Beginner, those two wings belong together on the same side of a bee, and you'll see a beautiful relation between them if you'll note that set of hooks on the upper margin of the lower wing, which takes hold of the fold in the lower margin of the upper wing. E. F. Phillips, p. 439, advises the use of drone foundation. With apologies for the presumption, I demur. Don't the bees build drone-cells large enough without foun- dation, except the ti ansition-cells? and if a few drones are raised in transition-cells, will they be in the race at all with their burly brothers reared in the larger cells? [There is a possibility that they might; but I think Mr. Phillips had more in mind queen- breeders putting in drone foundation to make sure that there would be a sufficient number of drones of choice stock and of the right size. — Ed.] You SAY, Mr. Editor, that, of course, a section broader than tall, laid on its side, will have one long side not so well filled out as the other long side, and Mr. Hains says no one but an expert would tell the differ- ence. B.th probably true. With a bottom starter in a good flow, even an expert could not probably tell which was which without some study. [Yes, a bottom starter would be a great help; but even then one side of the tall section would be a little plumper, or a little thicker, perhaps — not enough, how- ever, to hurt its appearance in the eyes of the consumer. — Ed.] Sometimes there is a tendency to sneer at the work of scientific men who know little or nothing about practical bee-keep- ing, forgetting that sound theory is at the foundation of successful practice. I take off my hat to men like Messrs. Phillips and Casteel, who have the patience to mea- sure the wings of a thousand bees, giving us practical bee-keepers the results. [Mr. Phillips is all right. I know him personal- ly— enough so that I can see that he has in him the instinct of a true scientist. He re- quires to be convinced — not by one case, but by many. The trouble with us ordinary mortals is that we jump at a conclusion be- cause one or two circumstances may point our way. — Ed.] " Nuclei " is a word that is used incor- rectly by bee-keepers perhaps more than any other term in bee-keeping. I've been puzzling for some time over "nuclei-ship- ping boxes," p. 429, and I can't be positive whether it's right or not. Get Stenog to set his gray matter to work on it, and see what he decides. [Say, doctor, I do not 480 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 see how there can be any question if we reason from analogy. Horse-carts, dog- kennels, man-heads, pig-stys, etc., are fa- miliar examples. Undoubtedly the phrase should be jiucleus rather than rntclei as the proper adjective to be used before "ship- ping-boxes," as each nucleus is shipped by itself. It was simply an oversight. — Ed.] However bad the matter of adulteration in this country, there's a certain grim com- fort in the thought that adulteration of hon- ey is worse in Europe than here. [You are sure of that, are you, doctor? If you were to go over the country as I have, and visit the various cities, and see the pack- ages of extracted honey that are put up and labeled "pure," I think you would conclude that conditions could be no worse than they are in the United States. The glucose bus- iness here is flourishing, and the backers of it are seeking all sorts of outlets, and one of the best outlets is under the guise of honey. I am sorry to say it, but I have about come to believe that honey put up in glass by a packing-house that puts up all kinds of syrups besides, including glucose mixtures— is, generally speaking, not pure. The time will come when the National Bee- keepers' Association, or some organization backed by bee-keepers, will have to put out its own honey properly branded. — Ed.] I've just read over for the second time, Mr. Editor, your philosophy as to temper- ature and ventilation of bee- cellars, p. 432, and I think you've got it down pretty fine. You can't give too much fresh air unless it becomes wind, and you can't make the tem- perature too uniform. If a severe cold spell comes, and it's a question whether to con- tinue ventilation and let the bees get a little too cold, or to keep up the temperature and squeeze down a little on ventilation, it's better to let temperature have the right of way. In reality you are thus taking care of both at the same time; for the warmer you make the cellar and the colder it is out- side, the greater the difference in the weight ■oi air in and out, so the greater the ventila- tion. I think none of this conflicts with Bro. Doolittle's superb success. He suc- ceeds grandly in holding temperature at that point where the least amount of oxygen is consumed, and at the same time the bees are furnished all the oxygen they need. [All the oxygen they need? Even our friend Doolittle has reported having a good many dead bees on the cellar bottom. If his bees could have had more oxygen, and still have the uniform temperature, which I suppose is not possible, there would be fewer dead ones on the floor, and more vig- orous colonies. I do not suppose Bro. Doo- little could give more oxygen without put- ting in a very expensive apparatus for cool- ing and warming the cellar. He would have to have, probably, hot-water pipes to warm up when the air from outdoors was too cool, and ammonia- pipes to cool off when the air from outdoors was too warm. I ex- pect to try the experiment next year, with a cistern or cellar so far under ground that the frost can not come anywhere near the walls; then shut off all ventilation, or ex- cept such as may percolate through some porous material. — Ed.] The advice to go no faster than the bees will pay the way is questioned as to its wisdom, by me, p. 428; and in a footnote, Mr. Editor, you take it as in reply to you. I didn't know that you had been a special advocate of that doctrine, but others have. Your position on page 382 I do not feel at all inclined to criticise unless it be the one point where you speak of the increased expense of '"sugar to feed," as if feeding sugar were a regular part of the program. I am coming more and more to believe the Ger- mans are right who hold that sugar is nev- er to be fed except as a matter of necessity; that strong brood can not be reared on su- gar as well as on honey; that every pound of sugar fed is just so much interference with the honey market; in short, that the perfect bee-keeper will make it his aim never to feed an ounce of sugar. When talking of increasing to 500 or 1000, you italicize the advice of " making the bees pay their way.'''' That is eminently wise, for in that case a man is generally supposed to have most of his capital in the bee busi- ness, and he should keep on safe footing. Perhaps the strongest reason for such a man to go only as the business warrants further outlay lies in the point you make that a man should feel his way until he knows that he has the ability to run the business on a larger scale. It would be hard to emphasize too strong- ly the advice to go carefully without taking risks and running in debt. That's sound advice, whether it relates to the bee busi- ness or any other business. But all this has little or nothing to do with the advice to every beginner to put it down as a fixed law that he will under no circumstances make any outlay except as the bees furnish him the means. There are thousands of beginners who don't need any such advice. If you care for specific illus- trations, say the word and I'll give you in- stances where a man would be foolish to follow such advice. [Yes, I will admit that there are times and circumstances when a beginner would do well to borrow money in order that he might make the right kind of start. There are other times too when a professional would do well, even if he has to borrow money to do it, to buj' up a bee-yard in his vicinity — that is, one that might cut down his honey crop. A good bee keeper has many and many a time paid oft" debts like this in a single season, and had a comfortable surplus besides. But if one were to multiply illustrations of this kind, without emphasizing the other side — that of conservatism — there might be a great danger of bee-keepers of the begin- ner class, not knowing the hazards and the uncertainties of the business, plunging in too deeply, and then turn around and curse ye editor for their reverses. When one thoroughly understands that there are 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURF. 481 liable to be heavy winter losses, such as we had last year; that there are liable to be failures of honey yields, and, if not com- plete failures, very small crops, he may then borrow money to increase the working' capital, because he knows what he may have to run up against. Some years ago a friend of a speculative turn of mind saw the supers of fine honey I was taking off from one of our hives. He was interested at once. "How many dollars will that hive net you? " I figured up the comb honey at 10 cents, or in round numbers $2.50 per super; and four supers (for it was a fine colonv, and the season good) would make an even $10.00. My friend's eyes began to sparfcle. " How much is a colony of bees like that worth?" " Five dollars," I answered. " What! Clear 100 per cent off from the investment? " " We did it with this colony." "Say," he said, growing more interest- ed, " what will you charge me for a hun- dred colonies? " Then I had to go on and explain some of the uncertainties of the business; and when I had finished my story he thought he could make more money, or as much, in his other business. Over against this I could have cited to my friend many a case where an expert bee keeper went into debt and bought up a yard that had not paid its owner a cent, took that same yard in the old loca- tion, and made it return a big per cent on his investment. Yes, I have in mind several bee-keepers, and I could give the names right here, who have done this; but they would not thank me for giving publicity to their localities. — Ed.] 55 Mr. Danzenbaker's new theory in regard to requeening is well set forth in the follow- ing, which I clip from one of our Medina papers: Francis Danzenbaker, inventor and apiarian, of Mi- ami, Fla.. and Mrs Inez Roden were married at her home in Medina, Thursday evening, Apr. 28. Mr. Dan- zenbaker is now at the St. L,ouis exposition in charge of The Root Co.'s exhibit there. Mr. and Mrs. Dan- zenbaker will eventually make their home in Florida. In a private letter Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson says to me, "I must write and thank you personally for your very kind words in Gleanings for April 1. I sometimes won- der if I am deserving of all the kind things that are said of me by my friends. I hope I am, and I shall certainly strive to deserve them." I don't see why Mr. H. should doubt what seems self-evident to the rest of us. \tir I sometimes wonder why people with the title of " Professor " before their names say some things they do. Prof H. D. Gould is contributing some very interesting articles to the Cleveland Press on insect life and its development. He starts the series with the following paragraph, which by no means gives me much zest to read what follows: Bugs and bees, flies and fleas, and countless other denizens of the insect world, conspire to make life miserable to long suffering humanity, and it is the purpose of a short series of articles to point out the cause and cure for these petty annoyances, and, inci- dentally, to derive from these lowly sources the lead- ing facts ill us rative of their habitsof life and the mar- velous provisions of Providence for their existence. It is difficult to understand why a man who knows a bee from a bedbug or flea should speak of bees being obnoxious to the human race for the same reason that flies, etc., are. Bees have no natural liking for the human race, and certainly never infest the human form except in rare cases for what thej' consider self-defense. I have yet to find a man who ever considered a bee on the clover on his lawn as any more of a " petty annoyance " than he would a lot of hummingbirds in his honeysuckles. Bees have been cultivated from time immemori- al, and always will be; and their addition to the sum total of human food, and that one of the best, is not only considerable but enormous. But, great as is the value of the bee on account of its honey, Prof. Gould has so far overlooked its still greater impor- tance in the fertilization of fruit-blossoms, which, it is easy to believe, is the chief mission of the bee in its relation to nature at large. In reply to why these things exist. Prof. Gould says: Right here rises the question, " Why do they exist?" and then comes the answer, " To pre.serve the balance between the constructive forces and the destructive forces of nature " If there were no insects, plant life would soon overrun the earth. Insects keep down the plants. But, onaccountof the extreme productiveness of insects, they would soon overrun the earth, and neither plant nor man nor beast could exist were it not for other insects that prey upon the plant eaters, and for parasites that prey upon both. I give that theory for what it is worth; but, so far as bees are concerned, it is not likely that they destroy an ounce of other- wise valuable vegetable matter in the Unit- ed States in the course of a year, but add untold quantities of peaches, apples, plums, pears, etc., to the wealth of the nation and of the world. Prof. Gould speaks a good word for the common fly, calling it a " scav- enger. " He says disease is far less ram- pant in those 3'ears when flies are plenti- ful. I doubt whether statistics will prove that; but certain it is that they are now justly considered as the greatest dissemi- nators of disease we have, with the possible exception of mosquitoes. They absorb many poisonous substances, but only' to scatter them to other places. And then to have the dainty bee, a model of immaculate neatness, classed with flies as a petty an- noyance! I say this, remembering that in 482 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 this same issue is an account of a child be- ing stung^ to death by bees. But this child might have been killed by a horse by strik- ing it with a switch as it did the bees, or gored by a cow or torn by a dog or butted by a sheep. A little aside from the subject of bees, but yet of interest, is something from a Cleve- land professor, Dr. C. H, Howe, President of Case School. He was asked in regard to the probability of our having a very warm summer. He replies, "A meterolcgist ought to know more about such things than an astronomer, for astronomical happen- ings have no bearing on terrestrial temper- ature, outside of popular fallacy." The last part of that sentence, it will be ob- served, leaves no room for the makers of weather-almanacs to stand on. Better still, it's true. The next convention of the National Bee- keepers' Association will be held in St. Louis, Sept. 27, 28, 29. It is proposed to make two days of this convention interna- tional, and one national. The President, J. U. Harris, sa3's he would like to get suggestions from all sources for the outline of a program. WHITE CLOVER VERY ABUNDANTTHIS SPRING. I THINK I never saw a greater profusion of young white-clover plants than this spring. The heavy snows of the past win- ter, and the continual rains and misty weather of the spring, have given white clover a boost forward, the like of which I have never seen. A great pity it is that in these very regions, where white clover prom- ises so much, the mortality of the bees has been so heavy. Some years we have plenty of bees but little clover. This year I fear the condition will be reversed. In either case there will be a scarcity of white- clover honey, the staple of the East. TWO WESTERN BEE-JOURNALS CONSOLI- DATED. H. C. Morehouse, editor of the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal, has sold out the plant, subscription-list, and good will of the paper to Mr. P. F. Adelsbach, of the Pacific State Bee Journal, and manager of the Central California Honey- producers' Association. The two journals will be merged, and published under a more com- prehensive name, to take in the interests of apiculture in that broad region extending from the Rockies to the Pacific Ocean. Mr. Morehouse's main business of honey- producing has grown to such an extent that he had no further time to devote to other in- terests. He starts the present season with 700 colonies, and expects to increase them to 1000. He showed excellent ability as a paragraph writer, and his journal from the very start had none of the appearance of some of the new papers struggling for a mere existence. We wish the new consoli- dation every success, and in the mean time hope that Mr. Morehouse will not drop out of the field of writing entirely. GETTING AFTER THE ADULTERATORS. The food inspector for Los Angeles, Cal., finds many bogus mixtures. The follow- ing clipping, from the Los Angeles Daily Times, explains itself: Thirty-five times Inspector Drummond, of the health department bought mixtures of glucose and sugar when he essayed to buy extracted honey. While hon- ey is cheap in this most favored of all honey-produc- ing sections of the country, the manufacturers of the adulterated mixture, in which a small quantity of hon- ey was used, must have been able to put it on the mar- ket at a much lower price or it would not so common- ly be found on the shelves of the retail grocers. M. VV. Worster, salesman for the Southern Syrup Co , was yesterday convicted before Justice Austin of having sold one of the samples taken by the inspector, and was fined $25. While Mr. Drummond has bought adulterated sam- ples from other manufacturers, he says that most of the dealers are sel ing the article put on the market by the concern which Worster represents It is the intention of the health department to keep after those who sell the sham article until it is driven out of the market, Other complaints are expected to follow. Inspector Drummond, of the Health De- partment, is to be congratulated for the ac- tive stand he is taking in the interests of pure food and health. This will mean much to the interests of bee-keepers in that vicinity. Let the good work go on. POPPLETON NUCLEUS PLAN OF CURING BEE- PARALYSIS. Some time ago we published the Popple- ton plan, as taken from the Aniericaji Bee- keeper, of curing bee- paralysis by spraying the combs and bees thoroughly with pow- dered sulphur, the combs containing brood being first given to healthy stocks. As the disease does not seem to be transmitted through the brood or combs unless they contain dead bees, no trouble results from such transfer; on the contrary, it would be killed if sprinkled with sulphur in the sick colony. Proposing to incorporate this cure in the next edition cf the A B C of Bee Cul- ture, I asked Mr. Poppleton if he had any thing further to add since his published ut- terances. In response he writes: While bee-paralysis can be certainly cured by the proper use of sulphur, yet for several reasons I prefer the nucleus plan. I have had so much trouble with the disease continuing in certain strains of bees that I am satisfied the best way in the long run is to destroy entirely all affected colonies, queens, and all the bees. As this can be done as easily and cheaply as the colo- nies can be cured by treatment, I very strongly urge that way of controlling the disease. I have been ex- perimenting with it for several years, and have prac- ticed it with the few sick colonies I have had during the past two or three years. I simply make as many nuclei as will be needed, usually one for each sick col- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 483 ouy ; and as soon as the nucleus has a young laying queen I transfer the brood-combs, one or two with the oldest capped brood of the sick colonies at a time, to these nuclei repeating this operation every few days as rapidly as the nuclei become strong enough to care for them. As soon as all the brood has been transfer- red from the hives of sick bees I destroy the queen, bees, and all, with sulphur fumes, fumigating the hives at the same time. Sick bees often crawl into empty cells to die ; so when transferring combs, one needs to examine them very thoroughly, to be sure not to transfer any old bees from one hive to the other. The advantage of this method is that we get entirely rid of all diseased bees and queens that might transmit the disease to their descendants in following years, and in their places we have colonies fully as strong, usually stronger, both in bees and combs, with young healthy queens. This is all done without any amount of expense or extra labor, or the loss by destruction of any thing of value. Of course, there :nay be times or instances when it may be best to cure the diseased colonies instead of using the above plan. Nuclei can not be formed and built up at all times of year, or there may be other reasons ; but as a rule this method has been more sat- isfactory than to cure and keep the old colony Stuart, Fla. O. O. Poppleton. I would add that the next edition of the ABC book will contain both of the Pop- pleton cures, as there m ly be circumstances where the nucleus method could not be con- veniently followed. I mig-ht sug-gest that a combination of the two tnethods might often be applied very successfully, and thus elim- ina e largely the objection to the sulphur cure. My combination would be this: Sul- phur the colony as recommended for the sulphur plan, and then, when the colony is convalescing, kill its queen and put iu an- other from an undoubtedly healthy strain. THE OHIO FOUL-BROOD LAW. I TAKK pleasure in giving' the text of the Ohio law passed by our general assembly : OHIO FOUL-BROOD LAW. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State oj Ohio: Sec. 1. — That whenever a petition is presented to the board of county commissioners of any county in the State of Ohio signed by three or more persons, all of whom are residents of said county, and possessors of an apiary, or place where bees are kept, stating that certain apiaries within said county are infected with the disease known as foul brood, or any other disease which is injurious to bees or their larvae, praj'ing that an inspector be appointed by said board of county commissioners, said board of county commissioners shall, within five days after the presentation of said petition, appoint a pen on as bee insp-ctor who is resi- dent of said county, who shall be a skilled bee-keeper, having thorough knowledge of foul brood and other diseases injurious to bees and their larvte and the treatment of the same. Sec. 2. — The person so appointed shall, within five days after his appointment, file with the said board his written acceptance of the office ; or in default thereof, or in case of vacancy, the board shall in the same man- ner make new appointments until the said office is filled. The inspector shall hold office for two years, and until his successor is appointed and qualified, ex- cept when, upon petition of ten persons (each of whom is a resident of said county, and possessor of an apia- ry), to the board of county commissioners of said coun- ty, they may remove said inspector for cause, after a hearing of petitioners. Sec. 3. — Any bee keeper or other person who shall have cause to believe that any apiary in his county is affected with foul brood or other disease, either in his own apiary or elsewhere, shall make affidavit, stating that, on information or belief, he believes that certain apiaries, describing the location, naming the owner or keeper, is affected with foul brood or other disease, and his ground for such belief. On receiving said af- fidavit from any source, of the existence in any apiary in his county, of the disease known as foul brood, or any other infectious or contagious disease of bees, the county inspector of bees shall forthwith inspect each colony of bees, and all hives, implements, and appara- tus, honey and supplies, on hand or used in connection with such apiary and distinctly designate each colony or apiary which is infected, and notify the owner, or person in charge of said bees thereof, in writing or otherwise ; and the owners of said bees, or the persons in charge thereof practically and in good faith to ap- ply, and thereafter fully and effectually carry out to and upon such diseased colonies, such treatment as jnay have been prescribed by the .said inspector for such cases ; also thoroughly disinfect, to the satisfac- tion of the inspector, all hives, bee-houses, combs, honey, and apparatus that have been used in connec- tion with any such diseased colonies ; or, lat his elec- tion, the said owner or person in cliarge (|f such bees may, within the same time, utterly and completely de- stroy such bees, hives, houses, comb houses, honey, and apparatus, by first killing the bees (by the use of sulphur fumes when the bees are in the hives for the night), by fire, or burying the same in the ground with a covering of not less than two feet of earth. Sec. 4.— The county inspector of bees shall have the righl to enter the premises of any bee-keeper where the bees are kept, and inspect such bees ; and any person resisting or refusing to allow said inspection by said bee-inspector, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and may be then and there arrested by said bee- inspector or person deputized by him, and brought be- fore a justice of the peace, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than twen ty-five dollars. Sec 5.— After inspecting, working with, or handling infected hives or fixtures, or handling diseased bees, the inspector or other person shall, before leaving the premises, or proceeding to any other apiary, thorough- ly disinfect his own person and clothing, and shall see that any assistant or assistants with him have also thoroughly disinfected their clothing and person. Sec. 6 —The inspector shall have full power in his discretion ta oider any owner or possessor of bees dwelling in box hiies, in apiaries where the disease exists (being mere boxes without frames) to transfer such bees to movable-frame hives within a specified time ; and in default of such transfer the same shall become unlawful and the inspector may destroy, or order for destruction, such box hives, and the bees dwelling therein, as a public nuisance. Sec. 7. — Should any owner of or keeper of, or other person having diseased bees or their larvae, or of any affected hives or combs, appliances, or utensils for bee-keeping sell or barter, or give away the same, or allow the .same or any part thereof to be moved, such person shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction such person shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars. Sec. 8. — Should any person, whose bees have been destroyed or treated for foul brood, sell, or offer for sale, any bees, hives, or appurtenances of anv kind, after such destruction or treatment, and before being authorized by the inspector to do so ; or should he ex- pose, in his bee-yard or elsewhere, any infected comb honey, or other infected thing, or conceal the fact that such disease exists among his bees, such person shall be guilty of a misdemeanor ; and. upon conviction, such person shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars. Sec. 9. — If any owner or keeper of bees knows of, or, after being notified by the county bee-inspector, that foul brood or other infectious or contagious dis- ease exists in any of the hives in the apiaries owned by or in charge of said persons, and shall fail to comply within ten days from receiving said knowledge, and the date of receiving instructions from the county in- spector to cure or destroy the bees or hives or their appliances, such person shall be guilty of a misde- meanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars. Sec 10. — When the owner or possessor of bees shall disobey the directions of said bee-inspector in curing or destroying any diseased bees, honey, hives, or ap- pliances, they shall become unlawful and a public nui- sance, and the said bee inspector shall at once destroy said bees, honey, hives, or appliances, end may depu- tize such additional persons as he may find necessary to effect said destruction. Sec 11. — The county inspector shall make a month- ly report in writing, under oath, to the board of coun- ty commissioners, in which report he shall state the days and number of hours in the preceding month spent by him in the actual discharge of his duties, and shall, in said report, state the name of the owner or keeper, and the location of the apiary upon which such time was spent in curing or destroying said bees, together "fith an itemized account showing the dates 484 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 and amounts, for what incurred, money spent for any discharge of his duties, and to whom the same was paid, and for what services and considerations such indebtedness was incurred, and accompany said report with the affidavits given him under and in pursuance of Section 3 of this act, and make full and complete report of all he did, and results of his treatment of any apiary. Sec. 12.— After the county inspector of bees in any county shall make report, as provided in the preced- ing section, said county commi.'-sioner shall allow and pay to said county inspector of bees two dollars for a full day, and one dollar for each half day, necessarily and actually employed in the discharge of his duties under this act. together with his necessary and actual expenses while so employed, to be audited, allowed, and paid by the county officers. Sec. 13.— This act shall take effect and te in force from and after its passage. It will be seen that this is based on the county plan, and is very similar to the law that has given such good results in Colora- do and California. While, perhaps, a law providing for an efficient general State in- spector, to have jurisdiction over the whole State, would be better, it would have been simply impossible to have gotten such a measure through our legislature. If our present law is not sufficienly effective it may be used as a stepping-stone to some- thing better later on. But I am inclined to think it will do very well for the time be- ing, and possibly for all time. I would suggest to bee-keepers of other States that they secure first a county law, as it would probably be easy to get such a measure through any legislature. WEDDING BELLS. Elsewhere we have mentioned the mar- riage of Mr. Francis Danzenbaker, the bee- hive inventor, to Mrs. Wm. Roden, of this place. We also have the pleasure of an- nouncing the marriage of the veteran queen- brer der, Mr. Henry Alley, to Mrs. Margar- et McLean Ball, on the 5th. Gleanings certainly wishes both couples great joy and many years of happiness to come. Both of the grooms are well known throughout the whole bee-keeping world. Mrs. Danzen- baker had charge of our department where we make fences for plain sections, includ- ing those for the Danzenbaker hive, so that she was not wholly out of touch with bees or with the hive invented by her husband. SECURING COMBS OF HONEY FOR NEXT SEA- SON. " Doolittle, I came over to ask you a ques- tion." " All right, Snyder. Fire it out." "For purposes of feeding bees, is not a comb full of honey as good as any thing? " " That is mj' candid opinion." " But would it be for stimulating the bees to brood- rearing in the spring? " " I think so, if rightly managed." " What would be right management? " " There are two ways of right manage- ment with such combs. In early spring they should be placed close up to the clus- ter of bees ; or, if the colony is strong, just over behind a division-board, so that the bees in carrying the honey would have to go around this board. Any way that com- pels the bees to move honey from one place to another has a tendency to stimulate brood- rearing. But, of course, there is nothing that stimulates brood-rearing so much as the moving of nectar or honey from the flowers of the field into the hive where it is stored in the cells immediately sur- rounding the brood. And the carrying of honey from a comb around a division-board, or of the same from a feeder, comes next ; and the taking it from a comb just outside the cluster, last. But if any colony is weak, or the weather is still cold in early spring, it would not answer to put the comb be- yond a division- board, on account of rob- bing with the first, and because it would do no good with the latter. Judgment must be used in all of these things." " What of the second way? " " That is to be used a little later in the season, after the colonies become a little stronger and the weather more settled and warm. When such a state of affairs comes about, and there is no honey coming in from the fields, then partially break the sealing to the honey by passing a knife flatwise over the face to the comb, when it is to be set right down in the center of the brood-nest." " Why do you do this? " " On the same principle as before." " How is that? " " Before, we were making the bees carry the honey from the fields, the comb outside the division-board, or from the oulside of the cluster, to the cells immediately sur- rounding the brood; and this carrying was the means of their thinking they were in a properous condition, just the same as a man thinks he is prospering when he is moving treasure into his home and about his fireside. And placing this frame of honey with broken cappings in the center of the brood-nest, right between combs of brood, not only gives the bees the idea that they have struck a bonanza, but sets them to removing this honey, all warmed up and made thin similar to the nectar from the fields, removing the same from the inside of the cluster to the cells around the brood on the outside of the same; and in this stir thus caused, the queen is incited to greater activity, and finds plenty of unoccupied cells right in the warmest part of the hive. Of all the ways of coaxing an advance in brood-rearing, I know of nothing that is so much of a success as this, except the bees bringing in nectar from the opening flow- ers." 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 485 " This looks quite reasonable, and such a course would require much less work with less expense than would the making^ of sug-ar S3'rup, feeders, and the nightly feeding of bees for weeks at a time. But how can I secure these combs of honey? It would take lots of them if a man kept many colonies."' " Yes, a great many combs could be used advantageouslj' in this way, and ofttimes such are almost a necessit}'^ to supply bees with winter stores, where short, and also to keep colonies from starving in the spring. I intend to keep as many as two full combs of honey to each colony I expect to have in the fall, so that I may be fully supplied for any emergency that may come along; and if these combs of honey are not needed for feeding, then they can be used for this stimulative feeding; and should the flowers 3'ield nectar so they are not needed for this purpose, then thej' can be used to advan- tage in the swarming season." "Yes, but that is not answering- my question of how I can obtain them.'' "In Gleanings for Feb. 1 1 told something of how I made shook swarms, and how I kept tiering- the brood as the bees were shaken off it on the weaker colonies in the apiary, till I finally had combs massed on some colonies till some had four and five stories." "Yes, I remember reading- that conver- sation." " Well, now, instead of carrying- that out to such an extent as there given, which was on the plan of securing- all of the comb honey possible, and using only bees enough to protect the broodless combs from the rav- ages of the wax-moth, stop the tiering of brood with only two stories of the same over a rather weak colony, using a queen ex- cluder over the lower hive having the queen in it, and, when fall comes, unless the sea- son has been very poor you will have twenty combs filled solid with honey. If the season proves to be a good one, then I keep adding hives of combs as they are filled, till the season for honey is over; and in this way I often get 40 L. frames nearly solid full of honey ; for you will realize that those hives of brood give monstrous colonies in bees at the end of 21 days from the time the brood was given." " I see now, and the way is very simple, also. ' ' " Yes, and there is no loss with it either; for if we get more of these combs of honey than we need, it is the easiest matter in the world to extract from those combs when we have all the honey not needed by the bees in a perfectly salable form, and just as good, to all intents and purposes, as if we had worked those colonies for extracted honey. ' ' "Truly. I wonder I did not think of it when I read that February first conversa- tion. But you said something about using these full combs in swarming time. What about that? " "As much of this honev as is not needed for feeding, either in fall, winter, or spring, and we have not considered it best to ex- tract, it can be used to advantage by giving the combs to our new swarms, whether they are from natural swarming or made on the ' shook ' plan." "How many frames of this honey would you give to a swarm? " " If the season previous has been a poor one, and the combs are only half to two- thirds full of honey, then you may secure the best results by hiving your swarms on the full number of frames your hive con- tains, and putting the sections on at the time of hiving. But if the combs are com- pletely filled from top to bottom, and from side to side, it will be better to use only half the number your hive holds when hiving swarms, filling out the rest of the hive with wired frames full of foundation." "Why do you made the difference be- tween full frames of honey and those part- ly full?" " If a swarm is given a full hive of full combs of honey the bees may be thrown into an abnormal state and not carry much of the honey to the sections, as they generally will do with nearly the whole, where only a few are used. If the bees do not immedi- ately si art to carrying the honey from these full combs, the result will be little or no honey in the sections, and little brood and few bees in the hive in the fall — they appar- ently concluding that they are all full of honey now, ready for winter, and so loaf the rest of the season away. But where part of the space is empty, enough to start them laboring, then the queen gets a good start, and pushes her egg-laying till near- ly all of the honey given is put in the sec- tions in salable shape." "I see now. But I'll be going. Instead of the one question I thought to ask you when I came, they have kept coming and coming. I hope I have not wearied you." "No. I wish to have every thing made as plain as possible when any one desires knowledge on bee- matters. I know that was what I wished when I was a beginner in apiculture. But there is one point I came near forgetting, which is this: If the combs of honey which you have are of an inferior quality, or of dark color, or both, then the only thing to do with them is to use this honey for spring feeding; for if such inferi- or honey is given at swarming time, more or less of it will find its way into the sec- tions, and become mixed with that coming from the fields, thus injuring the sale of the honey stored, and giving yourself a bad reputation, or a bad reputation to your honey." Convention Notice. The Victoria Co. Beekeepers' Association of Ontario will hold its annual session May 23, at I,ittle Britain. We expect \Vm. McEvoy and other prominent bee- men to be present. Sessions will be held at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. All interested are invited. Cresswell, Ont. A. Noble, Secretary. 486 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 HOW TO TEST A QUEEN. A Great Red-clover Queen. BY EVAN E. EDWARDS. In 1895 I requeened most of my apiary from a purchased queen. The result was disastrous to the next year's honey crop, the new blood proving- worthless. The les- son was so costly that I resolved never to breed from a queen until she was thorough- ly tested. I offer my experience that be- ginners may not fall into error. My method, briefly, is to send the cash to some reliable breeder, asking for a queen for "business." On arrival she is given to young nurse bees only, at evening, enough of the good candy being gouged out so she will be released before morning. The nurse-bees, queenless for several hours, ac- cept her readily. I allow no stock running in the yard, not even a chicken which might fly upon the hive, jarring it and thereby causing the queen to be in danger of " ball- ing." After several days I proceed to test her, using the following table of gradation, based on a scale of 1000 points: THE QUEEN. 1. Prolificness, from zero to 1000 HER PROGENY. 1. Honey-gathering 975 2. Non-swarming 12 3. Gentleness 5 4. Longlife 4 .5. Size of workers and drones i Total for the progeny 1000 Honey being my object, " beauty " is not considered at all. I do not add size to a queen, because, if she is prolific, she will have the size 99 times in 100. When I get a queen having a small thorax and a short, dumpy abdomen, I know she will fall short. A small abdomen, little ovaries, a stunt- ed capacity for egg- laying, are the rule. I should prefer to buj' my queens by weight if such a thing could be done. It takes a 10-frame hive to test the queen's capacity. If she fills it to overflowing, practically all the frames full at the beginning of the har- vest, I give her a high grade. If she lays only a few frames full, not enough larva; to consume the pollen, she is graded accord- ingly. One frame of brood would equal 100; two frames, 200, etc. If she grades high and her progeny low, or if she is low and her progeny high, then I do not breed from her. How long does it take to test a queen? I buy mine in mid-season. I get a partial test on prolificness of the queen — a fair no- tion of gentleness, size, and honey- gather- ing qualities by the close of the fall crop. The following winter will test long life. But the real severe test, and the one that settles the question, is the succeeding har- vest. If queen and progeny equal or out- strip the stock I already have, then, and not until then, do I breed from new and strange stock. "When I conclude to do so I never fail to carry the test a little further by rearing a granddaughter or two to guard against " back " breeding, for it sometimes happens that the daughters of a queen are the best, yet some of the granddaughters develop undesirable trails. When I put a queen through this ordeal she is " tested." If I requeen my apiary from her she is "se- lect tested." In 1896 I got a queen from the Roots. The next season showed her superiority over any thing else in the yard. With every colony replaced from this strain I secured an average of 112 lbs. of comb honey per colony. A GREAT RED- CLOVER OUEEN. This past season made me an average of 168 lbs. to each colony. I have held on to this strain for dear life, never expecting to find its equal; but in May, 1901, I sent to Root for a red clover; She came in July, was put through the test, and, without any help of any kind from other colonies what- ever, made 308 lbs. of comb honey, and nev- er swarmed! Four colonies having her daughters never swarmed, one producing 196 lbs. Well, I have reared queens now " for all there is in it " from this breeder, and intend to hold on until I can better it. The honey came from white clover. Bees do not work on red clover here except when, by drouth, dry weather following the first cutting, the corolla- tubes are shortened, which has occurred twice in seven years. I am testing queens every year by my method, getting from well-known breeders. I have been using the "red clover" and one of Moore's strain, which is very good also. For the coming harvest I have one from Alley and one from Victor. Having no ax to grind in writing this ar- ticle, and no queens to part with, this is not to be construed as an advertisement for me. [I hesitated somewhat about letting the three last paragraphs in our reading-col- umns; then I finally decided to let it go, be- cause it emphasizes a valuable truth that many honey- producers do not take into con- sideration; namely, that they can increase their profits by getting a good breeding- queen. I am frank to admit that not all the queens sent out by the Root Co. have been equal to this one. W^hile we make a specialty of breeding from stock that ex- cels every thing else in the yard for honey- production, it is, nevertheless, a fact that all the daughters of such queens showing such remarkable qualities will not come up to the performance of their royal mother. For example, one of our customers bought several queens of the red-clover stock. He put them into his yard, and in a year after- ward reported that they fell far short of his regular mongrel strain; and he gave us a regular raking-over for selling him such " scrubs." When I visited Mr. J. F. Mclntyre, of California, one of the most successful as well as extensive bee-keepers in the United States, he showed me one row of hives that contained daughters from one of his best honey-queens. It was very apparent from V)04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 487 the flying- at the entrances (for it was in the height of the honey-flow) ihat this row of colonies was doing much more work than the rows on either side of it that had com- mon stock. The old adag-e that blood will tell generally applies, although there will be marked "exceptions that will prove the rule."— Ed.] FILLED SECTIONS WITHOUT POP-HOLES. How to Prevent Full Sheets of Foundation from Kink- ing or Buckling when Sections are Placed in the Super. BY G. J. VODER. In apiculture no other part has been more experimented on than that of g^etting sec- tions well filled. From the earliest use of sections it was necessary to have a guide or starter to insure straight work; and be- fore the advent of comb foundation I had a few colonies to build new comb to make starters of for sections, varying from one inch square to (in length) the width of the section, and one inch wide. Upon the ad- vent of surplus foundation there were ob- jections on account of too much wax with the honey, especially when large starters were used. This, however, was soon over- come by the thin and extra thin, and at present many are yet using only the top three cornered starter, while some are also using narrow bottom starters to insure the honey being- built well down. This is a good feature, as a section even well filled to within half an inch of the bot- tom of the section lacks in weight, strength, and general appearance. The time has come when nearly every large comb-honey producer agrees that it is necessary to use full sheets of foundation in order to gain the best results; and right here is where many a blunder is made, not fastening the foun- dation right to the upper side of the section, leaving it bearing against one side of the section; then when it is placed in the super it kinks over, thus giving poorer results than if a smaller starter had been used. Many of the foundation-fastening ma- chines, if rightly managed, do splendid work in a single section way; but it is nec- essary to cut the foundation a little narrow- er than the inside of the section, so as to hang clear; but to insure the least amount of pop-holes it is best also to fasten the foundation to the side of the section. This has been mentioned in Glkanings as not being practical; yet we have succeeded so well with a few thousand sections, and the results were so favorable, that we are con- vinced that we have overcome the difficulties heretofore mentioned. Here is our way of doing: Cut a board the width of the height of the inside of the section you wish to use, and four inches longer than the width of four voder's apparatus for putting in snug-fit sheets of foundation. 488 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May is sections outside measure. Next make four blocks the size of the inside of the sections, and in thickness half of the section less half the thickness of foundation to be used. Now place the blocks on the board square, in such a way that the four sections slipped over them take up all the space between the blocks side by side, and yet let the blocks slip readily out of them. Next take a board a little longer, than the width of the four sections, and wide enough to admit a two- inch strip on each side — just wide enough apart so that the board with the blocks on will readily drop into it without the sections. This, when nailed together, we will call the trough. Have every thing work smooth, but close. Now place your sections on the board with the four blocks, which we will call the tray. Place a section- holder over the sections; bring the tray over the board, with the side strips, or trough; drop the tray into it, and out of the sections; take hold of the section-holder, pressing slightly inward, and you have the idea how they are to go into the super after being filled with foundation in the manner to be ex- plained. Have every thing work well be- fore you try it with foundation. Now to proceed to business. We cut the foundation in a miter-box to fill the section snugly, except % inch at the bottom. Provide a dish in which to melt clean wax and a little rosin, and mix well while heating. Make a thin wooden pad- dle, 34 to one inch wide. Pick up the tray, fill it with sections, and put in the founda- tion cut to size. See that it is fitted to top and sides of section, lying flat on the blocks. Holding the tray in one hand with one end toward you, tipping to such an an- gle that, when the wax is dropped with the paddle, it will strike the section where the foundation joins, and quickly run down along the edge toward the top of the sec- tion. The moment it reaches the corner of the section, tip the tray so it will pass on one end or side until used up. A little practice will enable you to do the work with two applications, one from each side of the section. When all four sections are thus treated, lay the tray angling on the trough, as in the photo. Place the sec- tion-holder over and around the sections; give the tray a twist, and drop it out of the sections into the trough. You now have the section-holder with the four filled sections which you can place in the super without the least danger of kinking or doubling. You can even fill the entire section, fasten- ing the foundation on all sides, and have the sections filled solid without a pophole, according to circumstances in honey- flow, and whether the full sheet settles, thus placing a little too much wax at the lower part of the comb. It is not even necessary to fasten the sides more than half or two- thirds down. I have hauled supers thus filled for twenty miles without,damage. YODER & son's brick CANDIED HONEY. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 489 Some may object to the use of rosin; but it is essential to have it in to help harden the wax quickly, and make a sure thing of it. I have used rosin in wax to fasten foun- dation ever since the advent of foundation, and the bees never objected to it. Some may prefer something else than the wooden paddle to apply the wax to foundation; but by being careful to drop the wax from one corner it is very quickly done; but when the wax is too hot, and the tray held too flat, there is liable to be trouble in having the foundation pasted to the tray. If wide frames are used instead of section-holders, it is advisable to place them over the sec- tions before the foundation is fastened. Meridian, Idaho, March 24. [Your plan will work; and, in spite of the fact that it is a good deal of labor, it may pay in the extra price secured for the honey, for the honey would be "fancy." Your tray and trough are all right; but in my opinion you could have a much more rapid method of fastening the foundation to the sides and ends. A couple of hot plates one to be kept on a lamp siove while the other was being used), would do the work more rapidly. A rubber bulb about the size of an egg, with a tin tube secured in it, could be filled with hot wax. A slight pressure of the bulb in the palm of the hand would deliver a small stream of wax and rosin clear around the section, when the next section could be filled in the same way. But, say — you didn't tell us any thing about those bricks of candied honey shown in the photos. I suppose you cut them with a wire. — Ed.] HOFFMAN FRAME CONDEMNED; ITS WEAK POINTS. Smokers, and bow tbey can be Improved. BY F. N. SOMERFORD. In your editorial on p. 121, in referring to the many extensive bee-keepers who use Hofi"man frames exclusively, do they not do s' simply because the manufacturer forces them into it by not sending out a suitable frame with the hives furnished to dealers? You say, Mr. Editor, that in Cuba ten Hoff^man frames are used to one of the other styles. Such may be the case; but why is it thus? Simply because they are forced upon us by local dealers and manufactur- ers. We can get no other that has any strength; but Ihe Hofi'man is a weaker frame than most parties think. Even yes- terday, in shaking bees frcm frames while extracting I shook the ends from two of these frames, and they are miserably awk- ward to handle. The ends or projections are very short, and the end- bars are so broad that they are a nuisance for uncap- ping. They place too much wood between the brood and the super for comb honey; and as for their preventing burr-combs, I deny that heartily; for have I not been scraping some of them this very day to put excluders on? In the brood- nest they are a nuisance too, except to a novice or a person not knowing how to space frames. They are too hard and unhandy to take out from the brood- nest, because one can't push a frame or two back on either side of the one he wishes to lift out as with loose frames. By thus shoving the loose frames over, one can be drawn out without exciting bees or queen, but not so with the Hoffman. I feel sorry for a man who has hives full of bees with H3fi"man frames who wishes to catch queens Make the Simplicity frame stronger or thicker at top, sides, and ends, and it will be the frame. Mr. T. F. Bingham well saj's, " A small good smoker is better than a large bad or poor one," page 132. I have read after a great many critics on the subject of smokers, and for more than four years have felt like sounding a note against the slipshod way in which Mr. Bingham fastens bis smokers together. The fire-box is fastened on to two narrow thicknesses of tin at each end, which have not sufficient strength for holding a toy, much less a tool with which to work. A lady with a dozen hives for pleasure might possibly use a Bingham smoker a season without its becoming loose and shackly; but the everj'-day bang and jerk and wear and tear of bee-keepers who make their liv- ing from bees, and devote their time to bees, smokers, and honey, need something more substantially anchored to its moorings than is the Bingham smoker. Of the many smokers that I have used of this make, I can't remember more than one or two which did not break, either from the fire-box or from the bellows. I have just recoopered, riveted, or fastened down two Bingham Doctors the present week. I have four of them, and one Corneil in use. These smokers would be all right if they were al- ways kept as light as they are while stand- ing on the shelves of a supply house. But when loaded for business, with half-season- ed wood, the weight is more than the strength of those two little tin strips will bear, so they soon become shackled, and break off; and the larger the quicker, for the larger ones. The smoke-engine is weaker than the Doctor; so also is the Doc- tor weaker than the smaller ones, because, while making of greater capacity to hold more, they weigh more when full, yet no provision has been made to hold them to gether by increasing their strength. I like the large smoker, but will never buy another until something is done to strengthen them. The Doctors are bad enough, and for hired help and outyards, hurry or rush work and robbers, and con- stant every-day work, they are unfit as now made. The hinge is defective too, as made on the Bingham smoker; and of all smokers the Corneil stands the wear and tear the best; 490 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 but, owing' to the narrowness of the bellows, and poor quality of leather, it eventually becomes a miserable sniffer. A smoker which has no hook is unfit for rapid manipulation of bees in an apiary of painted hives, gable or excelsior covers, or fiat painted ones; for where is one to put the smoker if he does not wish his covers scorched? Would you have a fellow put his smoker on the ground, and stoop down aft- er it every time the bees need a puff of smoke? To follow that plan every day for a week would not be conducive to friendly feelings toward the manufacturer from the bee- man. I have burned holes in my pants-legs mare than once by holding hot Bingham smokers between my knees to have them ready to give the bees a puff of smoke just when they needed it. I don't deluge my bees with smoke upon opening a hive. I just give them a few good puffs, and go ahead with the manipulation; but I want the smoker handy to give an additional puff when necessary, and therefore a hook is most essential to enable me to dispose of my smoker quickly, and yet still have it in easy reach when needed. Ie corporate the hinge, the iron legs, and the hook into the makeup of the Bingham smoker, and it will be all right, and soon win the love and faith of every bee-man. If the manufacturers of Cornells would put Bingham bellows on the Cornell it would be just the thing too. Which of you are awake to the needs of the fraternity? San Antonio de los Banos, Cuba. [I would hesitate to publish this article, criticising as it does the goods of a competi- tor; but inasmuch as the writer "wades into" the goods made by ourselves 1 con- cluded to let it go in. Mr. Bingham can, of course, answer his part of this article. Regarding the Hoffman frames, it is true there are ten of them used to one of any oth- er among modern bee-keepers in Cuba; and perhaps it will surprise you to know that some years ago I formed the opinion that the Hoffman would not be suitable for a cli- mate like that of Cuba, and strongly urged our agents to get their customers to use, in- stead, the unspaced frame, or, as you call it, the "Simplicity frame made stronger and thicker at tops, sides, and ends." An effort was made to make a substitution, but the bee-keepers would not have it so. When our Mr. Boyden went through Cuba he in- terviewed quite a number of bee-keepers, and found they were decidedly friendly toward the Hoffman in spite of some of its objectionable features. The Hoffman frame, like every other good thing, is not perfect. Supply-dealers have learned that bee-keepers are a pe- culiar lot. What one uses and praises, another will condemn; and the strange part of it is, the " condemner " does not see how the " praiser " can possibly use such a useless device. We find examples of it in the preferences for kinds and styles of sec- tions; styles of separators; kinds of smok- ers; and, right here, if there is an}' one ar- ticle that has ever been offered to the trade that has given general satisfaction it is the Bingham smoker that our correspondent condemns. As a competitor of Mr. Bing- ham, I am glad to offer this statement; but especially since it illustrates how different- ly people will look at the same article. You " deny heartily " that " the Hoffman frame is proof against burr-combs," imply- ing that some manufacturer or dealer had claimed that such was the case. If you will look at any of the Root Co. 's catalogs you will see a statement that has been run- ning for years, and is still going. In the paragraph that refers to thick-top frames we say "that there will be very few burr or brace combs;" and this is literally true from an extended observation I have made all over the United States, when such frames are compared with the ordinary thin-top frames of years ago. There is no thick-top frame that is proof against burr- combs* entirely. They will accumulate to some extent, especially where the brood- nest is crowded and the honey seasons are heavy, but nothing like what they will do with the thin top-bar. You object to the shortened projection. If you will refer to the catalog before men- tioned you will see that Hoffman frames are supplied with long and short projec- tions. Then you will also find the old Simplicity frame, which you say will be perfect if made heavier, thicker, and strong- er, is offered for Si 00 extra. You complain that the projections to the top-bars are weak. That is true, but we can't change this without changing all the L. hives in use. If father Langstroth had made his top-bar projections Yz inch thick in the Jirst place, we would not have this trouble now. But why handle the frames by the projections? I have proved that for myself there is no need of it. I always pick up the frames by the corners inside of the end-bars. When one gets used to it, it is handier than the other way. It certainly insures a firmer grasp for shaking. It is sometimes better 1o unlearn old ways and acquire new ones. W^e scarcely realize how we are wedded to old practices until it is suggested that we divorce ourselves from them and adopt new. The reader will pardon what may seem to be something like a trade talk; but there are hundreds of people who wish to know the truth on both sides, and we have given both sides of the question. Let me empha- size more strongly than 1 have done already the fact that a device that is regarded as simply perfect by one bee-keeper may be condemned to the extent of absolute abhor- rence by another one. Supply-manufactur- ers have been compelled to meet the need of various preferences by furnishing several different kinds and styles of frames — frames shallow, frames Langstroth depth, * When I use this term I mean combs built on top of the bars. — Ed. l'»04 GLEANLXGS IN BEE CULTURE. 491 frames (Juinby depth, frames unspaced, part closed-end frame, and closed end throughout, etc. The same variation exists in the hives and in the supers. Speaking: about smokers, I am rather of the opinion that it would be better for Mr. Bing^ham and ourselves to use a much heav- ier grade of stock in the stoves or fire-bar- rels of smokers where the same are to be used by bee- keepers operating 50() colonies or more. I am sure friend Bingham will be perfectly willing to furnish — certainly we are — a heavier grade of metal for those who desire it, at an expense that will be onl}' trifling; but it will hardly be neces- sary to tax the great majority of smoker- users with an expense that will be entirely unnecessary by making all the smokers of heavier stuff. This whole question of sup- plies resolves itself down to the matter of furnishing each bee- keeper what his special needs call for. — Ed.] SELLING HONEY. A Convenient Traveling°outfit ; an Excellent Article. BY G. C. GREINER. Selling honey on the road is, for many of us, not an enjoyable occupation, and it is made still more unpleasant if we have not a convenient outfit. For a number of years I have used a square- box one-horse buggy for my honey- expeditions. Although convenient in other respects, it did not serve this special pur- pose. To take my usual daily load of from four to six crates of extracted honey, and a small allowance of sections, I had to call into service all available space under the seat, on the seat, on the bottom in front of the seat, etc., which contracted my allot- ment of space to most uncomfortable quar- ters. But this was not the worst feature. As much as I tried to keep my goods clean, and keep them from getting dusty by cover- ing up with blankets, when I uncovered them to make an exhibition they would have, to my annoyance, a very perceptible coat of dust all over them. When it was muddy, and no dust flying, the same trouble had to be encountered. The wheel would occasion- ally throw chunks of mud in the box; these would work themselves under the crates, be pulverized by the constant motion of buggy and crates, and, consequently, the unsight- ly appearance would be the same, wet or dry. I was generally compelled to give my samples a regular dusting before I CDuld make a call to show my goods. To get out of this dilemma I studied out and built during last summer's leisure hours the wagon which is shown by Fig. 1. It is the same running-year, the old box being removed and the new one put in its place. Outside of my own work the whole expense of the rig does not exceed $2.00 — a mere trifle in comparison to the convenience and its adaptability to the business. Most of the material is taken from discarded dry- goods boxes which were lying around and considered worthless. The advantages of the rig are many. The enclosed back part is practically dust and water proof. Being a double-decker, the space for storing is ample. It will hold four crates below, and, if necessary, the same above, the quantity it was designed to carry. The open front and seat are spacious enough to provide a comfortable place for the driver, with an additional large storeroom below the seat. As will be noticed, the wagon is conspic- uously lettered "Pure Honey." This is one of the most important features of the rig. It helps to make many sales that would otherwise not be thought of, and it saves the salesman an unlimited amount of talk- ing and a great deal of time. As an illus- tration I will refer to only that one case when the druggist was induced to inquire for the honey-man, and the sales that fol- lowed, just because "Pure Honey" was in plain sight. To make the advertisement complete, my name and address are added. This, too, is, in many instances, the cause of sales. A short time ago, when I was driving along the street of one of our neighboring cities, a passerby on the sidewalk motioned to me to stop. Then he said: "If you are the Greiner who supplies such and such a place, I want some of your honey." Of course, a sale was made right there and then, which tallied one more for the letter- ing. In Fig. 2 is shown the sample case, which I take with me whenever I enter a house or store where I expect to sell honey. I al- 492 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 ways sell right from the case, and refill again when I return to the wagon. Former- ly I used a small valise in which I carried one can and a glassed section as samples. This answered quite well until it appeared to me that a more attractive and inviting display of my goods would be a great ad- vantage. In this I was not mistaken. My little sample case just filled the bill. It is simply a partitioned-off crate, glassed on both sides, with jointed handle. It holds four sections and three cans; being all fin- ished off in good style, stained and var- nished, like any well-made furniture, it presents, when filled, a neat and tasty ap- pearance. Like the lettering on the box, it speaks for itself wherever I expose it to view, and I am almost always sure of a sale if I can induce the members of a house- hold to notice it at all. In conclusion let me say once more — it can not be repeated too often — that in. sell- ing honey it is the neat appearance that has a great bearing on being successful as a salesman. Honey being naturally a mussy article to handle we have to take extra pains to present it in clean shape. I never load up my wagon without using a damp cloth on all my cans that show the least sign of dust or stickiness, and the same with sections. I examine every one before I start out. If any have leaked and are daubed up, or dust has gathered on them, the damp cloth is called into requisition. La Salle, N. Y. MODERN QUEEN-REARING. Swabbing a New Cup wiih Royal Jelly is all (hat is Necessary to Have Them Acctpted; Cell- protectors Unnecessary with Wooden Cups; the Advantage of Flange Shells: Queens Laying in Compressed Cups; only 200 Bees Needed to Mate a Queen. BY F. L. PRATT. It was at the suggestion of Mr. Alley, I believe, that this controversy on queen- rear- ing methods has started. It's interesting, Mr. Editor, and I hope you will keep it up until all on the subject is out. I have carefully read what your Mr. Phillips has written, and find that your practices at Medina pretty closely resemble those at Swarthmore. There are a few points, however, I take the liberty to criti- cise as being either wasteful, and in some cases extravagant or unnecessary. In the use of royal jelly, for instance, up- on which to deposit the larva; when lifted from the comb — such a practice is fassy, and entirely unnecessary, therefore waste- ful— wasteful in time, patience, and quali- ty of queens. Larva; at an age fit for trans- ferring have no mouth for eight hours, and have no use for food if it is given them. Even if they had use for it, is stale food wholesome? The bees say no, and at once proceed to remove the obnoxious stuff. There is but one good purpose to which second-hand royal jelly can be put, and that is, to swab into new cups to give them a prime odor. Then if you will give the cu ps to any bees they will clean them out fit for the reception of royal larvse, and you may rest assured that cups thus treated will be accept! d every time without fail. Mr. Phillips recommends the cell-piotect- or when ripe cells are given to queen-mat- ing nuclei — an entirely unnecessary prac- tice when wooden compressed cups are used. Bees are apt to destroy cut or broken cells because of the ruptures in the wax about the base, made by breaking or cutting the cells from a comb or bar. They seem to at- tempt to mend these ruptures, and in doing so, accidentally or otherwise, cut into the delicate fillet of the cell, after which the hole is soon enlarged and the larva is at last cast out. Not so with cells built upon wooden cups, for the simple reason that no ruptures are made in removing them; they remain natural — cell, base, and all — just as the bees built them — no mending is need- ed, therefore no destruction occurs. Cells built upon Swartlunore wooderi cups tnay be placed in the midst of any colorty as soon as the old queen is removed Jro^n the hive; and if they do not hatch before tivelve hours the virgins will be alloived to live and mate. Cell-protec(ors, for protecting cells, are out of place in modern queen-rearing, for there is no real use for them. Another wasteful practice is the destroy- ing of good compressed cups each time vir- gins have hatched from them. Wh}' not have a cell- cleaning board on top of some hive, in a convenient location, into which board all cells may be quickly thrust at any time? The bees will then clear the cups out ready fjr another grafting, and still another and another. A good stock of re- constructed queen- cells is one of the most valuable requisites to a queen- rearing yard. We have cups that have been in use for more than three years — the oftener they are used the better they seem to work, so say a good many who are usirg wooden pressed cups. The most wasteful practice of all in cell- handling, it seems to me, is the leaving-off of the flanges on the wooden cups. By the way you work them, attached to the under side of a bar, in the middle of a frame, you are obliged to disturb your colo- ny each time an examination is made, which not only sets the bees and the cells back, but entails a lot of unnecessary labor in lifting combs, smoking, in prying, etc. The idea of the wooden cup is to save time and labor. When you leave off the flange and substitute a tack you destroy half the labor-saving quality of the cup. You can not get at your cells attached to the under side of a bar, in the middle of a brood-frame, without lifting the comb. Cells do just as well, and in many cases better, on a line with the top bars in the midst of the brood- chamber. This being so, why not have your top-bar removable to save drawing the frame? Then all you will have to do to cage a lot of cells behind perforated zinc is 1904 CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 493 to lift the bar and insert it in an open-top frame. By boring a series of holes in this removable top bar you will have something still more convenient, in that you can re- move one or all the cells at any time with- out disturbance to the colony. Simply thrust the wooden cups through the holes, and they are in such position that they can be manipulated, one at a time or by the barful. through a split in the sheet without tearing the colony asunder each time you go for cells. Much smoking and much handling destroy bees' prospects at honey, and in wintering well. The flange will prevent the cup from dropping clear through, and they are never waxed enough to pre- vent their read}' drawing without the least trouble. We seldom use smoke in cell-shift- ing nowadays. Why does Mr. Phillips do his grafting from large combs when small ones are so much more convenient to handle? further- more, the life of a breeding queen can be prolonged on small combs. If a small comb, filled with compressed cups, is placed in the midst of the little breeding-hive, the queen will lay directly in the cups and save the trouble of transferring or grafting larvae altogether — simply remove the cups and set them in holding- shells, supplying other cups in the frame for the queen to lay in. As with the grafting- cup, these forcing- cups may be used over and over. In closing I should like to venture the statement that any queen-rearer who uses more than a hundred or two of bees in a nucleus for mating a virgin queen is not using the most economical plan. We sel- dom put more than 100 bees, often less, into our fertilizing- boxes, which we shall this season set out in large numbers; and if you happen our way, come cut and see for your- self. Queens fly fn m these boxes just as freely as from a full colony, and mate as promptly. I might say that full-sized frames are out of place in a modern queen-mating yard run with the best economy. Swarthmore, Pa., Dec. 15. [Mr. Pratt has certainly been up to date, and perhaps even a little ahead of the times, in his methods of rearing queens. I believe it was he who first suggested mak- ing the cell-cups under pressure with a suitable die; and while he was not the orig- inator of wooden cell cups, he may have been the first to put them into any thing like extensive use. Regarding grafting, it may be necessary to paint only the inside of the cups with royal jelly; but whether it is or not, it does not take any longer to put in a drop than it does to smear the inside to give it the prop- er smell. There may be an advantage in having the wooden cups with a flange; but as we work, I can see no advantage. Of course, it is possible to pull out a cell on the Pratt plan without lifting a frame; but when one removes the frame he can take a pick of the best; or he can discard those that have been rejected, and substitute others in their place much quicker than he could pull out the flanged wooden cups one by one to deter- mine which ones of the number have been rejected or were in any way defective. Mr. Pratt is to be congratulated for so persistently advocating the possibility of queens being fertilized in small nuclei. We have heard from a couple of good breeders who have succeeded with small lots of bees, but not with original nuclei hanging on stakes as Mr. Pratt first described. It was these that some of our subscribers test- ed; and if friend Pratt could have heard some of their comments, he would not have felt flattered to say the least. But not all good ideas are successful the first time. During the process of evolution there are necessarily more or less changes to be made until success is finally secured. — Ed.] FURIOUS ROBBING. Prevention Better than Cure ; the Porter Bee- escape, and How it may Prevent Trouble and Stings. BY WM. M'EVOY. Last season, while driving up a farmer's lane in a locality where the honey-flow had come to a sudden stop about: the last of July, I saw the owner of some 60 colonies of bees and his help taking off his crop cf honey, and bringing it into a woodshed where the bees were entering almost every part of the building, and in there the extractor was kept moving at a lively rate, and so were the bees and every thing else. The day being extremely warm, and the bees not finding any honey in the fields to gather, they looked well after what the farmer was taking away from them. I had sent the livery horse a long distance away to be tied ; but when I saw the raging storm of angry bees robbing and trying to sting every thing that came in sight I dreaded the bees hunt- ing up the horse and causing a runaway, and rig for me to pay for. These fine peo- ple kindly offered to get me a veil. I thank- ed them, and said that I did not need one, as I always protected myself with a good smoker, and had not worn a veil in over 25 years. At last the bees became master of the situation, and put every one out of bus- iness. I advised the bee-keeper to get the real Porter bee- escapes, and in the evening to put one under each super; and in the sec- ond evening after he would find the bees practically all out of the supers; and then in the evening, when all was quiet, remove all the supers to a good tight room and do the extracting there. I live right in the center of a village where I keep about 200 colonies; and just as soon as I find the bees inclined to rob I put the Porter bee- escapes under the supers and then take off the supers after the bees have gone down, and don't have any rob- 494 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 bing- at all. By managing the business this way my bees remain very quiet, and are never troublesome. Wood burn, On'., March 12. [I vrish this little item of our friend Mc- Evoy could be pasted in the hat of every be- g'inner bee-keeper. Indeed, I am not sure but I will have it struck off and inclosed with every dozen escapes sent out; and, say ■ — I have been in bee-yards of old veterans who either did not seem to know about the duley's safety device in use ready for emergency trick of keeping bees quiet with escapes, or if they did know it they were so careless as to go ahead and extract just to save time and "do the job up all at once." I grant that sometimes at an outyard one can not wait to put on escapes: and it be- comes necessary, therefore, to shake and brush. Even then the extracting- house should be bee-proof, with bee-escapes on it to let stray bees that come in on the combs get out but not in. I do not believe it is wise for even the veterans to let the bees get on a rampage. There are many people nowadays who are anxious to begin a damage suit, and there are plenty of lawyers out of a job who would like to be retained. The old adage, "An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure," tits this case exactly. — Ed.] remove the doubletrees, and in place there- of fasten a clip made of 2>^ X '4 -inch iron in the manner shown, with two half-inch bolts. Now take the other clip with doubletrees and slip into the first clip, and fasten the same with the lever dog. Leave off stay- chains. The driver sits with his foot on the lever. Should there be any danger he presses down on the lever and lets the team loose from the wagon, and moves away out of danger. I would never think of hitching a valuable team to a load of bees without this device to let them loose. There is no time to unhitch traces when bees get on a team. The driver sits with his foot on the lever, and holds the doubletree rope. Should there be any danger, press the lev- er and release the team from the wagon, and drive out of the way. He holds the double- tree off from the horses' heels by ineans of a rope. We don't have to stop the team at all — don't have any traces to un- hitch; in fact, there is no time for such work. All we have to do is to press the lever. The wagon will sometimes run sev- eral feet after the tongue falls to the ground. I have no more fear in hauling a load of bees with this little device than I duley's safety device for releasing team when hauling bees. DULEY'S HANDY SAFETY DEVICE FOR MOVING BEES. A Good Suggestion. BY G. W. DULEY, I have a device which I use in hauling bees, of which I send a drawing and de- scription. Take a wagon with breast-yoke; do a load of corn. I just load the bees on the wagon in any way, and start over these rough roads of Livingston Co. My! You would think the bottom-boards would all be shaken loose. But what do I care? I can get out of the way, just the same. Smithland, Ky., Feb. 12. [The drawings are sufficiently c ear so that any one can taVe them to his black- smith-shop and have an outfit made at com- paratively little expense. But instead of having a long- slot cut through the floor of the wagon, mutilating it, I would have an upright standard with a pedal piece mount- ed on top, the standard passing- through a ^-inch hole in the wagon- box at the right point to pivot on the end of the lever. This 1^)04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 495 -will save mutilating the wagon; and if a cotter-pin is used to sliove through the holes forming the pivoted joint, the pedal stand ard can be easily removed. This device is so excellent that I think it would pay any one who has much haul- ing of bees to do, to have it put on his wag- on. One fracas might pay for several hun- dred of them. 1 would put it on any way, as a matter of convenience and the saving of time in hitching and unhitching. Load the wagon up with bees without the horses being hitched to it. When the load is all on, pull the doubletree over; hook it into place: get in, and drive to the outyard. On arrival, unhook the team, drive it off to a point of safety, and unload the bees. As soon as the wagon is empt}', push it out of the flying bees by hand, and hook the team on and drive off. The device would be vcry handy and a time-saver, even when the horses are not being stung. As a means of preventing accident, it would be worth many times its cost. No doubt some will think that a rope hitched to the ordinary king bolt would be just as good. As I see it, it would not be nearly as efficient. The unhooking with the Duley device is accomplished with the foot, leaving both hands free. One hand holds the lines and the other the rope that holds the doubletree. In a real fracas, where the horses are being stung, and they are plunging, the driver would be pretty badly handicapped if he attempted to hold the doubletree off from the horses' heels. If thej' were rearing, it might be a difficult matter to pull the king- bolt out. It is the consideration of these little things in bee-yards that makes all the difference between success and failure. — Ed.] GLASS-POST HIVE=STAND. Cheap, Durable, Lasting. BY DR. J. W. GUYTON. Our twentieth century demands something new, cheap, and durable in the way of a stand for our hives to rest on. This I offer to the bee-keeping public in the form of bottles for legs. I get the longest quart bottles I can find, and with a hoe I make a set of four or six holes — four holes for one hive and six for two hives. These holes are set at regular distances apart to receive the bodies of the bottles. I set them in about half their length, with the mouths up. The bottles are to be leveled up with a straight board and a spirit-level. Put them in straight rows just where you want your hives to be, and have them face just the way you desire your hives to stand. Now take some 1X2 stuff and have it smooth and well painted for the hives to rest on. Cut them two or three inches longer than your bottom-boards are wide; or if you want to have a double breaster, cut them long enough to reach clear across all three bottles. Now drive a four or five penny nail through the timber just over the mouth of the bottles. Leave not less than one-eighth of the head end of the nails up. These are to hold the bottom-board from slipping and sliding about, and the lower parts of the nails will hold the rails on the mouths of the bottles. Hard winds will not slip either rail or hive. guyton's hive-stand madk of old bot- tles FOR GROUND SUPPORT. Such a hive- stand is very simple, and the glass posts are everlasting so far as decay- ing is concerned. It can be made very cheap and serviceable as a dual stand or for three hives if preferred. I consider such a stand a most excellent one — so good that I shall adopt it for all of my hives. If desired, four pieces may be used to constitute the frame- work, and these secure- ly nailed together. Then a longer nail will be required to reach through and down into the necks of the bottles. Such a frame might be necessary where three or four stories are left full of honey for any length of time. An auger- hole may be made to receive a pin that will fill the mouths of the bottles instead of holding the framework or stand with nails. In this case I would allow a quarter of the pin to stand above to prevent the bottom-board from slipping. Shorter bottles, such as pint beer- bottles, could be used, and bought some cheaper. SECTIONAL VIEW OF HIVE-STAND. A long black bottle with a deep recess or sink in the bottom could be used and set up much more easily by taking a wet spell to do the bottle part of the work. The necks could be pushed into the ground up to the shoulder of the bottle, and the concave end used to hold the framework by means of small blocks of wood being cut just the size of the recess in the bottom. These long bottles will hold the hive-bottom up so that 496 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 one's feet may be shoved under the hive ; besides, they hold the hive up from the ground avpay from moisture, toads, rats, etc., as well as at a convenient working distance, thereby doing- away with so much back-breaking toil. This stand puts one's second stories and supers up just right so any one can do al- most all the day's work in an upright posi- tion. It's just the right height fjr a double- decker queen-nursery. I have been read- ing the different articles in Gleanings on hive-stands, and thought this might be new to some of your readers, and might be of some benefit to some one as a hive- stand, as they are coming to be more and more adopted by apiarists. Almost any one can pick up bottles enough for a small apiary, free of cost, and can make the stand very cheaply. Levita, Texas. STAKES FOR HIVE=STANDS. Some of their Advantages Set Forth. BY C. C. PARSONS. I find on page 392, 1903, that you were favorably impressed with the idea of plac- ing hives on stakes driven into the ground. I notice also, p. 224, 225, Dr. Miller's warn- ing, and his suggestion that clipped queens would not be able to get back, and that it would be inconvenient for loaded bees to en- ter hives thus arranged. Before reading these articles I supposed many bee-keepers used stakes to support the hives, and that bee-keepers generally were acquainted with the plan. For more than fifteen years we have used stakes only for hive- stands. I do not know where I got the idea. It may be from some generous apiarist, or it may be that I stumbled over it as I groped in the dark. We use pitch pine for stakes, and we are careful to have it very pitchy, so that the stakes may not rot. We split them out about I'iXl/iXlS in., and drive them into the ground so that the rectangle formed by them as corners is 11X18 inches. The stakes for the front of the hive, when driven and leveled, are 10 inches above ground, and those for the rear are Yz in. higher. Let those who fear that they will not hold up the weight of a hive plant one stake as above, place 200 lbs. on it, and note the re- sult. I will now give a few reasons for prefer- ring this style of hive-stand. It is cheap. It is applicable to all kinds of surfaces. It is adjustable to any height, to meet the de- mands of the apiarist. It admits of keep- ing the yard clean, and a free circulation of air under the hives, thereby preventing early decay, and adding to the comfort of the bees. They stay where you put them. Now a word about the queens and loaded bees. A runway from the ground to the alighting- board is provided. It may be made of any odd pieces of plank or other material that may be at hand. We use old iron roofing. Two small nails are driven into the end of the bottom-board, eight inch- es apart, leaving the ends projecting yi. These are turned up. Two small holes are made in the iron near the edge, and it is hung upon these nails, and the lower end is allowed to rest upon the ground till swarming time. At swarming time a small stick is stuck into the ground near the post or lower end of this runway-board, so as to hold it an inch or two from the ground. The edge of the run way- board should not rest upon the siick, but should project an inch or two. When a swarm issues, the chances for her to enter another hive are few. Dirt has collected upon these stakes near the ground, and it is very hard for the queen to get over it; so when the bees re- turn to their hive the queen is attracted to them, and, very many times, not finding her way into the hive she will climb up one of the stakes which the bees have cleared of its loose dirt, and will be found by the apiarist, when he returns, clustered with the bees on the bottom of the hive, while the toad that would have been blinking at it through a hole in the old box-hive stand is in the garden sitting under a cabbage, look- ing for cut- worms. Don't be afraid to tell the children to use stakes. Bluff Springs, P^la., Mar. 7. [If the hives do not stand too high from the ground, and the alighting-board reach- es from the ground up to the bottom- board, every objection will have been removed. My present belief is that four stakes (or old bottles) are cheaper than any other hive- stand for single hives; and, what is of considerable importance, one can run his toes under the hives when he reaches over to the opposite side to lift out a heavy comb. When one has to stand toe length away from the hives to lift combs he puts that much more strain on the back — a strain which, while not excessive, is very wearing when coTttimted all day. A good deal of the work in a bee-yard is stooping, and to some extent " backbreaking,'' if I may be per- mitted to use a common hyperbole that is readily understood.— Ed.] ADVANTAGES OF THE FENCE SYSTEM. The Value of (he Outside Fence for Outside Row of Sections. I am a boy of 200 lbs., and am just pass- ing my 53d winter. I have kept bees for 24 years, though I never counted them by the thousands, nor even by the hundreds; yet I have been a close observer, and tried many different appliances pertaining to bees and honey. On page 184 C. H. Dibbern gives some objections to fences, which are contrary and misleading, according to what my experi- ence has taught me. In a footnote to the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 497 above you say: "We want the truth, cut where it may. Let us have reports." Before the advent of the fence separator I had tried various forms of supers, and finally settled down to the 7-to-foot section without separators, but with four beeways. The theory of this was, with separators each section would be divided off into a compartment by itself, cutting- off all com- munication with the bees in the neig-hbor- ing- section, with the result that the bees were slow in entering the super. Taking- away the separator, bees would have freer communication, and enter the super more readily; and opening the section at the side would give them still more communication, and cause them to build their combs straighter. Now, practice has fully carried out the above theory with me; yet I admit that combs were somewhat irregular, but not to an alarming extent, yet enough so that I was ready to try the fence separator as soon as it made its appearance, with the result that I have adopted them and am us- ing- them exclusively, and I never expect to find any thing better. Mr. Dibbern says: "I have used these fences quite extensively; but with me there is too inuch trouble with brace-comb; also, in a few years the bees will gnaw the strips and thus leave the combs ribbed." Now, this is all contrary to my experience. Mr. Dib- bern may have used them more extensively than I have, but not any longer in succes- sion, and I never had any trouble to speak of with brace-comb. He thinks the trouble with brace-comb is increased in the tall section. Now I am using the five-inch-tall section, and have no more trouble than I had with the slotted separator in a 4/4 sec- tion. As to the gnawing of the strips, I will say I have not noticed this in the least in my experience, yet I will admit that I had some combs slightly ribbed — that is, the bees would build a small rib on the comb right opposite the crack in the fence. This, however, was due to overcrowding, and these sections were always too heavy. Bees should never be crowded to this extent for room. Now as to the slotted separator or fence. I am convinced by actual test that these cracks in the fence are of great importance in giving the bees a freer communication. For several seasons I had only 500 fences, so I would use only 5 fences to the super in about half of my cases, with a thin board on the outside, which, of course, had to be cleated. The other half of the supers were used with fences on the outside as you rec- ommend, with the result that, in nearly ev- ery instance, the outside row of sections of those supers that had fences on the outside was well filled and finished, nearly as quickly as the center sections; while those that had only thin boards on the sides were badly filled and slowly capped, and had to be sold at a discount. M. P. Kalona, Iowa. [Your experience is in line with other re- ports we have received from time to time; but we have hesitated about publishing them, as it might be considered we had an ax to grind; but as all the manufacturers are making plain sections and fences now, which was not the case a few years ago, perhaps we may not now be accused of a desire to sharpen the aforesaid ax. If comb- honey producers could only know that in some markets, at least, they could get (!>^^- /(?r prices, and in all markets no lower a' price than for beeway sections, they would find they could not afford to use the old- style section and separators. But in some localities, and with some strains of bees, there is an occasional diffi- culty of the kind complained of by friend Dibbern; but even these objectionable fea- tures are overbalanced by good ones in the mind of not only Mr. D., but of many oth- ers. The scheme of using an outside fence for the outside row of sections is in line with the perforated separator so persistently ad- vocated by our friend S. T. Pettit, of On- tario. His arguments in favor of such a separator, and the preliminary trials of us- ing an outside fence, were so convincing that we equipped all our supers for the trade with two extra fences. A bee-keeper who would not use a perforated divider or fence for his outside rows, it seems to me is very shortsighted indeed. Suppose he gets a cent a pound more for his outside sections; that would be 8 cents for the super, or $8.00 for 100 supers. This earnirg is not very much, it is true; but it is the saving of these pennies that makes the dollars a%d the p-tof- Z/^.— Ed.] ♦♦♦♦#♦♦♦♦ * TROPICAL HONEY=PLANTS. Their Value for Honey°production. BY W. K. MORRISON. It used to be taught, and even now is be- lieved by intelligent persons, that the flow- ers of the tropics are inconspicuous, and the birds non-singers. Even so able a nat- uralist as Dr. Alfred Russell Wallace, the justly celebrated evolutionist, and author of famous works on tropical natural history, states in his work on the Amazon region that the tropical regions could not compare favorably with the temperate in the matter of flowers; and not long ago an intelligent English lady who had spent seven or eight years in the tropics said tome, "Oh, my! Mr. Morrison; I don't see how bees can ex- ist out here, as there are no flowers." For an answer I asked her just to look out the door and see the mango, avocado, logwood, golden apple, genip, and other trees in full bloom. " They have eyes to see, but they see not." In point of fact, no pen, how- ever nimble, can do justice to the flowers of the tropics; and I can well remember A. I. Root's astonishment at seeing bougain- villea in full bloom for the first time; and 498 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Mav 15 there are many other flowers equally as- tonishing. As is usual in more northern countries, manyof the fruit-trees are excellent nectar- bearers, but some are not. That magnifi- cent fruit, the sour-sop, and its relatives the sugar-apple, cherimoyer, and custard- apple do not produce nectar, neither does the bread-fruit family. But we bee-keep- ers have no reason to complain of Dame Nature in the tropics, for she has been lav- ish to excess. The avocada pear, which is not a pear at all, is one of the best producers of really good honey; and when this fruit comes to be grown on a large scale, as it deserves to be, it will cut a great figure in tropical bee-keeping. The golden apple {Spom/ias diilcis) is a first-class honey-producer, quite equal to bass wood or any other northern tree. This is a fruit that would probably cut a great figure with fruit-evaporators and canning- factories. It certainly has a " future " be- fore it in Cuba and the south of Florida. Malacca apple, pomerosa, or pomtne-er- ae, is a great tree for the bees, and no mis- take. They can't get at it too early in the morning or too late in the evening. Ameri- cans generally regard the fruit more as a vegetable than a fruit, resembling a radish in taste and texture. As it blooms two or three times a year it is very valuable to us. It is probably as valuable to pig-raisers as it is to bee-keepers. The tamarind is one of the great trees of the tropics, furnishing the famous tamarind syrup of the drugstores. It is a fine large umbrageous tree, valuable in various ways. Its wood is somewhat like bass wood; and if as common as the latter is in Wisconsin it would cut quite a figure in West-Indian bee culture. Cocoanut {Cocos nucifera). I have al- ready alluded in another contribution to the value of this great tree to tropical apicultu- rists. It is almost impossible to overstate the value of this nut to the agriculture of the tropics, bee-keeping included. Date {Phijcnix dactylifera) is, strictly speaking, semi-tropical, but will grow in drouthy tropical countries. It is extra val- uable to the bee-master. Coffee is a fine honey- plant, but labors un- der the serious drawback of blooming only one or two days. However, where coffee is grown at different elevations in the same valley its period is prolonged. The flow- ers are exquisitely white, and borne in pro- fusion. The Liberian coffee does as well as the Arabian. Nutmeg is not a nut at all, but a fruit bearing a great resemblance to the peach. The nut, so called, is the kernel, and the mace surrounds it. The fleshy part of the fruit is not esteemed in the West Indies, yet it makes a good preserve, American fash- ion, and makes good pies or dumplings. In a nutmeg-grove trees may be found in bloom any day in the year, and the bees work on it from morn till eve ; hence any locality where this tree is common must be a good one for bees. In Grenada there are several fine large gro\es of nutmegs. One in par- ticular, the Wells estate, is very fine; and during the life of its owner, who was a bee- keeper, it must have famished a lot of fine honey. Genip {Melicocea bijuga), a fruit-tree, is a very heavy honey- bearer. In Jamaica, where it is common, it forms one of the chief assets of the bee-keepers. Hog plum {Spondias liitea) is a first-class honey-plant. Maiden plum {Comodadia integrifolid) is also a good honey-plant. Mango {Mangifera Indica). This great fruit does not stand very high with me as a honey -plant; but it may be better in some localities than others. Sapodilla. This very nice fruit is pro- duced on a large spreading tree like a live- oak. It is a very fair honey-yielder. In the island of Curacao I found these fruits rather larger and finer than elsewhere in the West Indies; and, what is most impor- tant, cheaper, three large ones for a Dutch cent, equal to one- fifth of an American cop- per. There may be a hint here to grow this very plain-looking but sweet fruit. Loquat. This is a first-rate honey-bear- er, and seems to bloom when nothing else does. It seems to me the Florida orange- growers north of the "frost-line" might grow this acid fruit for canning purposes. It is certainly well suited for this use; and taking this with its honey-producing quali- ties we ought to hear more about it later. Sugar-cane — not a fruit exactly, but well known to everybody. The "arrow," or flower, seems to furnish both pollen and nectar, and the cut cane exudes nectar, which the bees eagerly collect. Rose- apple, or pomme-rose {Eugenia jam- bos) , is a good yielder, but never common. Clammy chevTy{Cordia collococca) is good. Bastard cherry [Ehretica tinifolia) is al- so good. Barbados cherry {Malphigia glabra) is a good honey-plant. Chocho, christophine, or chayote {Sechi- u»i ediile) is both a fruit and a vegetable, and an excellent bee-plant. Southern read- ers should keep their eye on this plant. Raspberry {A'ubres roscrfolius) . In some islands, at an elevation, very good wild red raspberries are found, and these the bees work on while in bloom. Curiously enough, in the I^rench-speaking islands it is termed a strawberry in the Creole patois. Seaside grape [Caccoloha iivifera). This is not a grape, by any means, but it is a very fair honey-producer. The honey of this tree looks and tastes like that from basswood. Among the forest-trees of the tropics there is no end to the nectar-yielders; but neither myself nor any other person or le- gion of observers could in a generation even approximately tabulate them. I have seen many that are not mentioned here, for the reason I did not know their names, and 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 499 probablj' thej^ have no name as yet; but their number is legion. It may be asked, if nectar-yielders are so common in the tropics, why do we not secure immense yields? During the greater part of the year it rains so incessantly as to prevent the bees from getting sufHcient for their ac- tual wants, and with a warm temperature their wants are great; hence feeding is sometimes necessary. When the dry sea- son arrives, however, the tables are turned; and with the forest one vast mass of flow- ers it literally rains honey. It must not be supposed that, because there are no bee- keepers, there are no bees. On the contra- ry, stingless bees in countless numbers people the forests and fertilize the seed; and as they resist wet-weather conditions better, they hold the field. If the torrid zone ever beccmes a great honey region it will be by domesticating one or more of the stingless bees inhabiting the region. He will be no amateur bee-man who efi"ects the conquest, and his name will appear on the list of immortals high above Reaumur, Ru- ber, Langstroth, and Dzierzon; for if we consider the extraordinary extent of the tropics it will be evident that the produc- tion of honey might be fabulous in amount. However, this much does appear; and it is a matter for the greatest jubilation that many of the most celebrated tropical forest- trees are really large nectar-yielders. ex- celling the finest trees of the temperate zone. the characteristics of bisulphide of carbon; how to burn brimstone IN fumigating combs. On page 179 we notice you say you can not detect fumes (sulphur) from bisulphide of carbon. Just take a spoonful and pour it in a teasaucer. Take a match and light it, and hold it about an inch over the bisul- phide of carbon. It will take fire something like gasoline. The fumes will be of sul- phur. Bisulphide of carbon is half pure sulphur, the rest is carbon. I think the bi- sulphide would run an auto, but of course the sulphur would be detrimental to the ironwork of the machine. We used bisul- phide of carbon years ago for brimstoning honey, in the same way sulphur is used, by burning. We now prefer the brimstone. Brimstone is much cheaper. The only rea- son we used bisulphide was on account of its being so easily lighted. We can now set brimstone afire and it will burn till all is consumed. If you try to set it on fire in an earthen or iron vessel with simply a match it will go out every time, for the rea- son the iron conveys the heat away so fast. To burn stick brimstone with only the aid of a match, take a board about 7 in. square and nail on a rim Js all around, so as to make a sort of shallow dish. Now set it on fire on the dish side. This can be done with kerosene. After it has burned some time, so as to char it, the fire must be put out. Lay away till cold. The dish is now ready. Take common stick brimstone and break it into pieces about the size of walnuts. Brush some of the small fine pieces to the middle. Take a piece in the hand. Hold it near the dish over the small fine pieces. Take a match and strike a light, holding it under the piece you have in your hand. The sul- phur will melt and drop on to the pile of small pieces of brimstone, and will be alight. Build the larger pieces of brim- stone around this so the heat will melt them. The brimstone will all burn up. The board will last for several burnings. I used one an entire season, and have it yet. Set the board, of course, inside of a pan or kettle. Try this if you have any brimstone. F. A. Salisbury. Syracuse, N. Y., Feb. 18. [The name shows that sulphur is one of the elements. When I said I had not de- tected the peculiar penetrating odor that is so painful, I had reference to the fumes that arise from it by natural evaporation when no heat is applied. Yes, I believe it would run an explosion motor, without any doubt, and would be much more powerful than gasoline. Yes, the brimstone would be cheaper, and certainly safer.— Ed.] honey from an opium -plan t: would it be poisonous? As a beginner I branched out last rear in bee culture. I all at once realized there were not enough of the wild or natural hon- ey-producing plants to support more than 30 or 40 colonies to advantage. Having in- creased the number to 100 colonies I got al- most no honey. By chance I had a small square of poppy-plants in my yard. I found the bees would gather around the blossons in very large numbers. It seems to yield quite a lot of nectar, and they work on it for about three hours in the early morning, so I gathered enough seed to sow one acre this season. It being an opium- plant I was afraid to plant it until I could write to some one as to whether the honey gathered from these plants is poison or not. I wrote to our State Entomologist, and he refers me to you. J. A. Leonard. Albany, Ga., April 16. [I am not prepared to say whether the honey would take on the peculiar poisonous properties of the plant or not; but I know this, that it is a common thing to put stands of bees near large fields of seed onions. When the honey is first gathered it has a very strong onion flavor, and nobody would buy it; but after it is fully ripened the bad 500 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 flavor has all disappeared. There are quite a number of other plants that yield honey of a peculiar flavor — that is, if it is extracted before it is sealed over. If the bees are allovped to ripen it and cap it over, all this bad taste or smell disappears. I would caution you, however, not to expect very much honey from only one acre of plants. It may do very well for an experi- ment, but I am sure it will not pay cost. If I am correct, there is no honey-plant known that will pay to grow for honey alone. A good many times certain persons have thought they had got hold of such a plant — catnip for instance; but it has proved to be a mistake. But such plants as catnip, that will grow without cultiva- tion or care, would be more likely to pay; but any piece of ground that would grow profitable honey-plants would grow grass or grain; and the quantity you would se- cure is so small it would hardly compare in value with the grass or grain. I should be very glad to hear the result of your ex- periment if you go on with it. — A. I. R.] ROLL HONEY. I discard the name "bag hone}'," and adopt "roll honey," just the same as we speak of a " roll of butter." I am eagerly watching your column on roll honey. For this wet climate I think the freezing has got to be brought into use. In this locality you could not sell a 10-lb. bag — 1 lb., and 1 lb. only, will have to be the ticket. When peeled, and placed on a dish, it is indeed " a tempting dish." But I have yet to master the granulated question before I can suc- ceed. FAIRY SHELLS. At our flower show we took a tin of gran- ulated honey and ice-cream biscuit chips. These we filled with less than 1 oz. of hon- ey, and just put a label on. The honey held it down. One cent each as fast as you please. Long Eaton, Eng. J. Gray. FRAMES SUPPORTED ON NAILS. On pages 1043, '4, you ask about frames supported by nails. For more than 14 years the supports of all frames in my apiary of 70 hives are eight-penny nails of No. 8 wire finishing nails. I tried at first 6's, but found them too slender; No. 7 or 8 wire driven in the end of the bar % inch below the upper surface, head within lb or ,'s inch of the hive; you can shove all from side to side with one finger. No need of staples. I use your frames, but saw the ends ofl^ and remove the staples. James Cormac. Des Moines, la. do than it is in the lake region. I think you surely have got a wrong impression in this matter. I will admit that I do not know much about the climate of Idaho, but I do know they ship each year more peach- es, pears, prunes, and apricots from Idaho than were ever raised in Wisconsin. This could not be if it were colder than Wiscon- sin. With regard to Colorado, I feel sure that the mercury has been below zero more times during the past winter in Wisconsin and Michigan than it has in the western and southern parts of Colorado during the past ten years, where it seldom goes below zero. It is somewhat colder in Northern Col- orado; but at this point, 40 miles north of Denver, the coldest the past winter was 2 above zero, and that on only two occasions; besides, the sun shone almost continuously all winter, and bees flew perhaps twenty days each out of the three coldest months. Our climate is warmer in winter and cool- er in summer, so there is only two to four degrees difference between Chicago and Denver (this is mean temperature for the whole year); but the difference in humidity makes Denver much the better climate. I think you pointed out the true cause in winter loss when you spoke of the dampness having a worse effect upon the bee than the low temperature. Here I have seen bees carrying pollen and honey at 47° of temperature, while in Wisconsin or Michigan they will scarcely fly at less than 52 above. M. A. Gill. Longmont, Col. [When I was in Colorado one late fall the temperature went belov; zero several times. Notwithstanding it did so I did not feel the cold. In the item to which you re- fer I may have been misinformed as to the actual cold in the State; but the fact I was trying to emphasize was that it might be actually colder in Colorado or Idaho than in the lake regions hereabout; but if that temperature was a dry cold the bees would not begin to suffer as much; that humidity plus cold was what kills the bees. — Ed.] THE relative WINTER TEMPERATURE OF COLORADO AND WISCONSIN, I see in your issue for Apr. 1 you say (in commenting on how bees have wintered) that it is as cold or colder in Idaho and Colora- FROM 34 TO 50, AND 5000 LBS. HONEY. Last spring we had 34 colonies of bees in eight frame L. hives; we increased to 50 colonies, and took 5000 lbs. of first class ex- tracted honey from clover and basswood. This is an average of about 147 lbs. per hive. We fed about 200 lbs. of sugar in the fall. There was more than 50,000 lbs. of honey taken within five miles of us. I run a sawmill and planer, and make my own hives, and supply some of my neighboring bee-keepers too. Extracted honey sold here at 6 to 7 cents per lb. wholesale, and retailed at 9 to 10. We enjoy your Home papers very much, and feel sure you would enjoy a run on your automobile through this part of Ontario, and we should feel highly honored by a vis- it from A. I. Root this coming summer. Falkirk, Ont. W. H. Westcott. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. SOI THE BARBER METHOD OF WINTERING. I live only 38 miles from Ira Barber, and am very much interested in the perfect win- tering- of bees. I am not satisfied with my wintering. I have too many dead bees. I think )0u are able to help verj many bee- keepers, and see you realize the importance of this subject; and if you could only see bees wintered with no ventilation as well as bees wintered with that very large venti- lator you have, and Bingham's cistern cellar with large ventilator, 3 ou will be able to draw conclusions that may be of no small value. Mr. Barber's idea of no fresh air, regardless of the usual rise in temperature in closed cellars in the latter part of win- ter, seems to be at variance with most bee- teepers; still, he may be right. It seems to me there is some reasjn why his bees are quiet when the temperature rises at the top of his bee cellar to 56, as my cellar now is. He speaks about bees coming-out of the fly- hole when it gets too warm to stay it side, then back again when it is cooler. Does this fly-hole he puts in his hives account for his success? The warmest part of the hive is above the bottom, so they could get rid of foul air easier through the fly-hole, per- haps. If the foul air could escape so easi- ly without losing- necessary heat, might not the bees remain in better condition in a warm cellar? There is 12 degrees' differ- ence in the temperature of my bee cellar to- da3'. One end is 1>2 ft. lower than the oth- er; and lYz ft. from the bottom of this it is 12 degrees lower than at the top of the oth- er end. The higher end or part has many more dead bees than the other, which has very few. I hope you can see some bee- cel- lars in Mr. Barber's neighborhood this spring before the bees are set out. F. C. HUTCHINS. Massena Springs, N. Y,, Feb. 15. [My articles on cellar wintering in May 1st issue may help you to solve some of the conflicting ideas. I judge Mr. Barber's cellar does not go below 40. If it did he would have trouble if the temperature kept down for weeks at a time. — Ed.] NEW FUEL FOR SMOKERS. Some of the Cuban bee-keepers have made the discovery of an excellent and very cheap fuel for smokers in these cli- mates; namely, the dried- up and old leaves of the bannan-plant, which, when used in the smoker, make a very pungent and thick smoke which the bees do not like at all. and it has the effect of subduing the very cross est bees with a few puffs. As a good many of the yards are placed here in the shade of the bannans, it is a constant and never- failing supply of good material, and al- ways at hand. L. Maclean de Beers. Havana, Cuba, April 20. A GLIMPSE OF THE WILD RASPBERRY AS IT IS SEEN OVER THOUSANDS OF ACRES IN NORTH- ERN MICHIGAN, WHERE THE PINE TIMBER HAS BEEN REMOVED AND THE GROUND LEFT VACANT. 502 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 TO GET RID OF ANTS. I should like to ask what will drive away ants from hives. I have a few hives that are bothered some with them. Stuttgart, Ark. Earl Rhodes. [The most satisfactory way to get rid of ants is to hunt up the nests, make holes in them with a crowbar, and drop into each hole so made about a tablespoonful of bisul- phide of carbon. Cover the holes up imme- diately with plugs of earth. The gas aris- ing will penetrate all the galleries of the nests, and destroy the ants. You can buy the bisulphide of carbon at the drugstore. But bear in mind it is very explosive, and must be kept away from a lighted flame or a stove. Enough gas can be generated to blow up a house, and I would advise you to keep it in some outbuilding where it will do no particular damage. By hunting up 1he ant-hills and destroying the nests as described, you will, to a great extent, miti- gate the nuisance. — Ed.] a two-year-old child stung to death. The two-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Metcalf, of Arcadia, Ore., was stung some forty or fifty times by bees, and died in less than 30 minutes from the effects. Now, is there any thing one can do in such a case as this? The child disturbed the hive with a switch, as he had one in his hand when found near the bees unconscious. The child was heard to scream, and a man went to him at once. This happened half a mi e from our bee-ranch at Arcadia. Ontario, Ore. Pennington Bros. [Cases of this kind are exceedingly rare: and even where death does occur, the sub- ject is usually more susceptible to the ef- fects of the poison than the average person. I believe this child could have been saved if cloths wrung out of water as hot as could be borne had been wrapped around it and renewed every minute or two. Even cold applications seem to bring relief. — Ed.] PREVENTING AFTER-SWARMS. Last year I had several after-swarms, and I want to prevent after-swarming if there is a way to do it. Is it all right to let bees swarm one time? The idea I have is this: When the first swarm comes out, open the hive that the swarm came out of, and cut out all the queen-cells but one. Ephesus, N. C. S. S. Foster. [The plan of cutting out all the queen- cells but one has been practiced to a con- siderable extent to prevent after-swarms, and in the majoritiy of cases it works very well; but it sometimes fails, nevertheless. It is usually better to move the parent hive on to another stand at the time the swarm comes out, hiving the swarm in another hive with frames of foundation put in the old location. — Ed.] TROUT-BROOK SCENE NEAR RAPID CITY, KALKASKA CO., MICH. 1^>04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 503 NOTES Or^R^llVtL I BY ' A. 1. ROOT. WILD RASPBERRY OF NORTHERN MICHIGAN AS A HONEY-PLANT. At the recent convention in Traverse City (see page 389, April 15) there was quite a little discussion in regard to raspberry honey and the location of apiaries in that region. I have mentioned the wild rasp- berry around our cabin in the woods, in Leelanau Co., Michigan. When the ber- ries are ripe, crowds of people go out from Traverse City for miles to gather the lus- cious fruit; and when it is dead ripe in lo- calities where none has been picked (and there are acres and acres of such), as you go along through the bushes the plump lus- cious berries dropping on the leaves under- neath make a continuous rattle. The fruit season lasts so long that delicious berries may be gathered from the time they first ripen in July clear on till October, but, of course, not so plentifully as cold weather approaches. The blossoms commence yield- ing honey in June, and there is more or less bloom from that on till frost. The quality of the honey I should pronounce equal to any thing we have in the market. It is near the quality of white clover, candies solid at the approach of cold weather, so it will be exactly right for selling in paper bags or for cutting up into squares. Large bee-keepers are now planning for out apia- ries where these red raspberries most abound. I believe there is very seldom a failure in the honey crop; and as much of the land seems to be of but little value for any thing else where the native pine timber has been removed for lumber, there is a probability that this source of honey will last for many years to come. As this re- gion is a favorite resort for summer outing, I think it is well worth while to make an excursion in that direction during the sum- mer months. If the beautiful air among the hills and bays and springs and rivers does not recruit your health, a diet of rasp- berries and bread and butter will do it. I ate them week after week, not only at meals, but all through the day when tired and thirsty; and instead of doing harm they just made me well and strong. A GLIMPSE OF ONE OF THE TRODT-BKOOKS IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN. The picture was given me at the Trav- erse City bee-keepers' convention. I have thought best to give it here as it shows something of the beauty of the spring-water brooks that are found all over Northern Michigan. The picture also gives us some idea of the water power going to waste. There are enough of these brooks with a magnificent fall to run electric cars all over that region, and to light all the cities and villages besides. These brooks are all clear spring water, and are never-failing; therefore they would be unlike many of the water powers further south that run a full volume only during the springtime or when there are heavy rains. No one can describe adequately the crystal clearness of these brooks. I have before mentioned that, along the dock near the bay, close to our northern home, fish can be plainly seen in water that is 16 feet deep; and these brooks are clearer and purer than the water in the bay Just imagine how a lot of urchins would enjoy playing around a place like that on a hot July day! I should think they would be doffing their clothes and getting under the sprays. Perhaps that is what they have been doing, as they are a remark- ably clean set of boys. Between two of them you can see a sample of some of the beautiful evergreens that grow spontaneous- ly in that region. At the left-hand corner of the picture you will see another group of these evergreens. There is quite a variety of pine, spruce, and cedar, and these are usually interspersed with deciduous trees, making a very pretty contrast. These trout- brooks are to be found all around the region where wild raspberries grow. Now, it is getting away from my subject; but while you take a look at these boys, and consider the harmless amusement of picking wild raspberries, drinking to their fill from the brooks of the soft- water springs, taking a bath when they feel like it under the waterfalls, then think of the saloon- keeper who takes young boys — boys who, in the absence of these saloon-keepers, might grow up to be good and pure — think of the saloon-keeper who leads them into obscenity, filth, and ruin, just because he can thereby get a little money out of it! Here in Ohio we have just had a fierce fight for the privilege of letting the fathers and mothers decide whether they want these places of iniquity around the towns and vil- lages, and in the residence portions of our cities or not. We temperance people sim- ply asked that the majority might rule. The saloon keepers and brewers hotly de- clare, " No, sir, the majority shall 7iot rule so long as it interferes with our business." And the Governor of the beautiful State of Ohio stood by the brewers, and helped them to a partial victory. But we have not done with him yet. There, there is one thing in that picture I never noticed until I had come to the close. One of the boys has a fish-net in his hand, so they are going to have some beautiful fresh fish besides the raspberries, the spring water, the luxurious bathing, etc. FOUNDATION OR EMPTY COMBS. Is it advisable to hive swarms on combs that were built last year, or would you use only starters of foundation? I have plenty of combs in good condition. Wirtz, Va. G. J. Blankenship. [Use whatever you have, ordinarily. To prevent swarming, foundation is to be pre- ferred.— Ed.] ;04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 OUR hoMes^ BY A. I. ROOT. WHOM HE LOVETH HE CHASTENETH. The writer of the letter below did not in- tend it for publication; in fact, he saj's so; but if I am correct he will not object, es- pecially when I think it should be in print: Dear Sir and Brother: — I am glad to see by your last Home talk that some were stirred up to write to you about your sermon (?) in the preceding issue. I felt that I ought to also, but put it off till now. To begin with, there are a good many things that I admire in your talks, and I think you take con ection and reproof in a good spirit, else I woi:ld not write this letter; but it seems a shame for a Christian to call sickness a blessing. You speak of being " forced " to give up your ways by failing health. What kind of submission is that? It seems to me a good deal like the man who was " blessed " by being sent to the penitentiary. Of course, it was a blessing; but what a shame to be sent that way ! Don't you know that great big healthy men can have such a spirit of love that they can be gentle and kind all the time, and meek? also " clothed with humility''? They are rare, I sadly confess; but Jesus said, " Few there be that find it." Oh the sad state of the world, when to love Jesus seems incompatible with strong sturdy health of body and mind! Had I "the pen of a ready writer " I would write a book on this. Then it seems that in your talks there is so much of the spirit of A. I. R. andso little of the spirit of Jesus. I don't want to bear on too hard; but with what com- placency you speak of eminent dociors and trained nurses, etc., as if these were available to the great ma- jority of mankind! I fear that, to most of them, they are as impossible as automobiles. I know some of your readers who are struggling hard for bread and butter and shoes for their children, who are away back where your father and mother were when j-ou were a little child I do wish you would tell your read- ers that God is a present help in trouble; that Jesus is always within call. It seems so sensible to commit our care to him first of all, and then do as he directs. '■ My sheep know my voice." But do you keep your own spiritual affairs '" up to date " ? In some way you give me the impression that your work for God is merely incidental or secondary; thai your business is uppermost in your heart and mind, and that that comes first; that you think more of making money than of saving souls. I hope it is not so. Did you ever think what an awful thing it would be if you should miss heaven? May God grant you and your dear wife an abundant entrance into the kingdom. If I lave seem- ed to be harsh, let me assure you that the worst wish I have for you is that the Lord will say of you, " This is one of my dear children in whom I am well pleased." I have not written this for publication; but I am sure these words will condemn me in the judgment if I fail to live soberly and righteously in this present evil world. I wish, were it God's will, that we might "speak with naked hearts together." I am not a Dowieite, but just a plain Christian; and about the only means of grace T have are the Bible and prayer. Yours in hope of attaining to the resurrection of the dead, W. S. Gardner. Bellaire, Mich., April 2.3. Many thanks for your opening sentence. May God help me to merit what you say about my taking reproof in a good spirit, etc. There may be those who feel they can speak with authority as Jesus spoke; btxt I am not one of that kind. Of course, there are different opinions about sickness being a blessing. Our pastor, in his sermon last Sunday, seemed to take ground that it is not God's will that we should be sick; but he agreed with me, but a few days before, that the Sunday School Times is about as orthodox, and about as good authority on difficult questions pertaining to the Bible, as any in our land. Why, my good friend G., I recall vividly one man who was not only blessed by being sent to prison, but through him the whole human family have received a blessing. I refer to John Bun- yan. He probably would not have written what he did had he not been confined, and probably for something of which he was en- tirely innocent. It certainly was a shame that so good a man should be punished in that way; but thereby and through him God blessed the world. When I said that my plans in life were broken up by poor health I did not mean that I was at the time after the almighty dollar, and might have been there yet. When I spoke of ex- pensive city doctors and trained nurses I did not mean to advise everybody to follow that fashion; in fact, I gave our experience in the matter at considerable length because I did not feel satisfied that expensive doc- tors and nurses are very much better than the ordinary family physician in the coun- try, with a nurse not beyond the means of the day laborer. Mrs. Root insists even now (of course she does not know positive- ly) that, in her opinion, she would have got along just as well with a Medina doctor and an ordinarily skillful nurse. Yes, she and I have talked the matter over a great many times, and she has even suggested she might have come through it all right with good care and no physician at all. I suppose, friend G., there are thousands of people besides the Dowieites who claim that a physician does not help very much aside from deciding that the patient shall have a competent nurse, and that all well- accepted sanitary rules be observed. But this is a serious matter. Do you dare tell me, dear brother, that, if your wife and children were near to death, you would let them die without calling a physician? Mrs. Root objected vehemently to physicians and nurses both; but her children overruled her, and they would have overruled me also had I sided with her. Now, a grave question confronts us right here: Shall we let the dear wife or children die because we are too poor in this world's goods to employ a doctor? I think I can remember a few cases wheregood peoplehave been allowed to die just because the relatives thought they could not afford a doctor. If we were real- ly sure the doctor would save the patient, and that the patient would die without the doctor, we could mortgage our property, or go among our friends and beg on bended knees for the wherewith to save the life of the dear one. There are a good many hard things said about our doctors; but, dear friends, let us all remember the doctor is the only man in the community who is expected to work day and night to save the lives of poor people, and that, too, without pay, providing they are unable to pay. Yes, he is even expect- ed to furnish costly medicines when, in his opinion, it will save life; and I am sure there are hundreds of physicians who work as hard where there is no probability they 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 505 will ever g-et a copper in payment, as for their wealthiest customers. Of course, this is within the bounds of reason. When a physician is told to spare no expense in the effort to save life, of course he orders many thing's he would not be expected to order under other circumstances. I am not only working- but praying for wisdom in this very matter; and with all the light I can gather up, my opinion is that our safest course, as a rule, is to follow the advice of our family physician. You are right, my good friend. I was born in a log house, and my parents were poor; but when the family doctor said there was very little chance of life when I was only two years old, my parents, poor as they were, called a counsel of two other neighboring physicians. One of these doc- tors said later that it was not their medi- cine that pulled me back from the grave so much as it was my mothers's prayers; so you see it would be the most natural thing in the world for me to believe in praying- for the sick. Dear friend, I have been trying to assure mankind that God is a present help in trou- ble; and I am trj'ing hard to keep my spir- itual affairs " up-to-date. " So far as mak- ing money is concerned, I think I can say truthfully that I am not at present at work at any thing to make money. I am here in the factory a part of every day to give such counsel and assistance as I can give; but I have no employment on my hands for mak- ing money directly. Most of the time I keep busy by making suggestions and adjust- ments so that somebody's work will be easier than it has been heretofore. The thought is expressed beautifully in some kind words that came on a postal card, which I submit below : My dear 5/>-'— Gleanings for April 1, the very last par igiaph as to keeping machinery in repair — that's a grand word you have there: '' I for^ et all about being tired; and tiien I do really enjoy helping the world along by repairing or making adjustments, so that somebody's work is easier than it has been heretofore." Amen, friend Root. I almost think the whole duty of man is summed up there. Do you remember that oth- er grand word of that grand world's man, Carlyle ? "There is in man a higher than love of happine-s; he can do without happiness, and instead thereof Jind blessedness." The revelation of my duty that comes to me often incites me to preaching publicly, and stirring up faith and righteous effort in others; and such duty, undertaken often in a woeful sense of weakness and even utter collapse, does bring its due reward of con- tentment and blessedness; but far more of my life this past twenty years has been spent (outside of the strug- gle to provide things honest for daily existence) in that same work of repairs and adjustments for others. It is often thankless work; there is little glory attach- ed to it, but there is great blessedness. George Rose. The good brother who sends this card did not give his address; but by looking him up I find he is a nurseryman and florist as well as a bee keeper, at No. 50 Great Char- lotte St., Liverpool, England. I wonder if all florists are good men. They certain- ly ought to be. In regard to missing" heaven, I hope you will not think I am insincere when I say that I have not been concerned so much of late years about missing heaven myself as I have for fear that some others whom I have tried to lead from earth to heaven should finally miss that goal. I do not think your letter harsh nor unkind at all; and I thank you for the great compliment you pay me in 3'our concluding words. May God lead us both into all truth. And now I want to submit a letter from another brother. We may not be able to in- dorse all he says; but nevertheless he gives us some valuable suggestions — suggestions that I think are in line with the present trend of this matter of the prevention and cure of disease: A WORD ABOUT HEALTH. God''talked with Moses in an audible voice as one man 'talks to another. He gave some health talks. I do not eat any of those things he forbade. I think he knew what is healthy. For me to eat what is un- healthyiis to insult God. Statistics tell us that of ev- ery 1000 gentiles born, one-half will die before 40 years of age. *. Of 1000 Jews born, one-half will live to be 71 years of age. Our drug doctors try to cure, but do very little to prevent people from getting sick. Our God is not so short-sighted as to write a book telling how to cure. He wr tes directions how to live so that this sickness will be unknown. A. I. R., we are a slifFnecked lot. When one is started in life wrong it is hard work to get him wholly right at once. Olive oil is one of the best remedies known It is now a fad with doctors to cut for appendicitis. Those who do not cut out the appendix, but have the patient fast, using a pint or more of olive oil internally and externally, with proper hot and cold water remedies, cure more of their patients than those who cut them open. Constipation is dangerous, because it poisons the whole system. 1 know, for I have been there. I have used a syringe and water, but have no use or need of the syringe now. How can one cure himself? Well, listen. I know a person, now 37 years old, who was born constipated. He had to use a syringe and water for years. He got so constipated that the best drug doctors of I,os Angeles gave him up. They did all they could with drugs, and at this stage he was about to drop into the grave. Another doctor took his case who uses "suggestion " as a means of cure, together with massage, water, breathing, etc. Well, he cured him. He had to turn over a new leaf in the first place, and eat proper food Then one must use his mtnd or iinll. or, as this doctor calls it, " suggest'on," or as / would call it, pray that your bowels might move, and try to move them as you might try to movt your hand or foot. It is the right thing to ask God to help you, for "in him you live and move." This doctor worked, I might say pounded, his liver till he could feel and hear the bile slop about. He says " suggestion" is the foundation of " Christian science," but he teaches how to keep well after you are cured. In either case you must have some " faith." Now you know Bro. Root, if you are posted, that thousands of our Catholic brethren, by making a pil- grimage to some shrine to bathe, or touch the bones of some dead saint, are cured of their disease. It is " faith " that does the cure Electropoise. oxydonor, etc., are worthless, but faith is a valuable asset. I can not see any science in "Christian science;" but I believe in prayer; and that the prayer of any one, together with faith, will cure many ca.'^es, no matter whether the person is a Catholic, a Christian Scien- tist, a Theosophist, or a Congregationalist. Those who use suggest ion as a cure admit it to be a prayer, even though not begun nor closed in theorthordox fashion. Alexander Dowie is far from being infallible. He is human The world hates him because he is so rough, and hacks into its weak and sore spots so as to hurt. His prayers, and faith on the part of the ones pra3'ed for, effect cures. There are many strange things we do not under- .stand. Many of our ablest scientists nmv " admit that a thought is something that can be weighed and measured," and it can travel fast without any wires. It can be sent to God. You pray for your friend or child who is far distant, and it is sure to go where sent. By a little practice you can move a light line with a plumb, if it hangs near, by just concentrating your mind on it — make it swing east and west, or north and south, or in a circle. W. E. Little. Ferris, Cal. 506 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 Dear brother, I hope 30U are right, and that appendicitis can be prevented. But let me give you a little of our experience. Our boy Huber, now almost 21, while at- tending school was subject to strange at- tacks that sometimes laid him up for sev- eral days. He consulted physicians of dif- ferent schools, and the final decision all around seemed to be it was appendicitis, and that he would have to submit to an op- eration. The attacks were becoming more frequent and more severe until he had one that made us despair of his life. Our fam- ily physician said if Huber recovered from that, just as soon as he was well and strong he should go to Cleveland and have an op- eration performed — that another attack, in fact, might cost him his life. Before doing this we consulted the best physicians in the great city of Cleveland. There seemed to be a general agreement. The operation was successful; and then came before me an important point: If all these doctors were right, the peculiar symptoms of his trouble would be entirely at an end. Al- most two years have passed, and he has never felt the least symptom of any thing of the kind. I think I have read in the papers that about 90 per cent of the operations for appendicitis, when taken in lime, are suc- cessful. Oi course, there are many, and some physicians among them, who have some other remedy, and who say hard things about the doctors who advise an operation. So there are people and even physicians who object to vaccination. I am greatly in- terested in what you say about "sugges- tion," and I am satisfied a great field for alleviating human suffering is just now opening up, right along in this liae; but I am not prepared to go as far as you do in your closing sentence about mind operating directly on matter. I know this statement has been in the papers and in some books; but I am ready to give $100 for the man who can move a plumbline as you describe, by the mere effort of his will. I should want to put up the apparatus, however, and have the experiment performed on my own prem- ises. Influencing one's digestive apparatus by the power of his will is a different thing from causing an inanimate object to move by that same will. Perhaps we are getting a little off from the line of our text; but notwithstanding all that has been said in the above, I for one am convinced that God often shows his wondrous love by sending us some aches and pains that seem very hard to bear. A good parent reproves, cor- rects, and even makes his child suffer pain, of some sort, because he loves him so much, and not because he does not love him enough. Temperance. "uncle SAM SAYS IT IS ALL RIGHT." Somebody has sent us a clipping of an advertisement from a home paper called the Home (.^) Queen. Here it is: UNCLE SAM SAYS IT IS ALL RIGHT. Uncle Sam, in the person of ten of his government officials, is always in charge of every department of our distillery. During the entire process of distilla- tion, after the whisky is stored in barrels in our ware- houses during the seven years it remains there, from the very grain we buy to the whisky you get, Uncle Sam is constantly on the watch. We dare not take a gallon o) our own whisky from our own warehouse unless he says it s all right. And when he does say so, that whisky goes direct to you, with all its original strength, richness and flavor, carrying a United States Registered Distiller's Guarantee of Puiitv and Age, and saving the dealers' enormous profits. That's why our whisky is the best for medicinal purposes. That's why it is preferred for other uses. That's why we have over half a million satisfied customers. That's why you should try it. Your money back if you're not satisfied. Now, I am not politician enough to say whether the above is all exactly true or not; but if it is true. Uncle Samuel is for once in his life not with the majority of his peo- ple; and, God helping us, he will sooner or later be straightened up. The Governor of Ohio is in the toils already for having favored the liquor interests rather than the voice and thundering protests of the people of this State. He has frankly admitted that he does not think it right and fair that the majority of voters should rule. If Uncle Samuel is in the same boat we want him to get out of it quick. A CLOTH- COVERED LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE. The little greenhouse I wrote about in our last issue became so crowded with plants the latter part of April I was obliged to build an annex for some of the hardy plants that would be alinost sure to die if put di- rectly outdoors. The annex is very much like the lean-to already described, but made of cheap materials, and covered with cloth instead of glass. In fact, the whole top is cloth stretched on a wooden frame. This frame is hinged up close to the walls of the building, so that it can be raised up verti- cally and hooked against the wall, leaving the plants exposed to both sun and rain whenever the weather will permit or as deemed advisable. Now, such a structure as this is a splendid arrangement to harden off a great variety of plants before putting them directly in the open air. First, it makes quite a protection when there are cold nights. The cloth cover I found suffi- cient to keep off a C( nsiderable frost; then whenever the sun is too hot for plants just put out, or just received from a distance, the cloth makes a splendid shade. You can drop it in a minute when too hot, and raise it up as soon as the sun comes out again. One thing more: Even during the summer months we often have storms of wind and rain that do a lot of damage to both foliage and flowers of many beautiful plants. I have seen a coleus-bed that cost a lot of 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 507 money almost ruined by a drivings storm, of wind and rain. Now, this bed or little inclosure can be protected perfectly in an in- stant from thing's of this sort; and whenever there is more rain than is really good for the plants, the cloth cover will keep off the g-reater part of it. For the market-gardener and lettuce- grower this cloth- covered bed or lean-to af- fords an easy means of growing most beau- tiful white crisp lettuce right through the months of July and August. Of course, we can do the same thing with the cloth rolled up on a pole as described in the tomato- book; but this arrangement does not shed rain like our heavy sheeting drawn tight on a frame. It sheds rain much better be- cause there is considerable slant to the roof. Perhaps I should have said in the first place a single window opens from the base- ment of that big cellar right into this cloth- covered structure. This equalizes the air so it is not apt to be too hot nor too cold when the cloth is let down. The whole thing is made of refuse pine strips, planed on both sides, of course, but just as the buzz-saw left it on the edges. By the use of a little sandpaper these strips could be painted. It is all made of one-inch lumber. And, bj' the way, there are many plants besides lettuce that do ever so much better with a little shade from the fierce sun dur- ing the middle of the day. When there is a very hot dry spell even strawberries are greatly improved by shade cloth during the hottest hours. Two years ago our experi- ment station at Wooster, O., had quite a variety of plants kept perminently under a structure covered top and sides with cheese- cloth. During a severe drcuth, when every thing was suffering outside, this cheese- cloth protection not only cut off the fierce rays of the sun, but the air was quite a little damper inside than out. The contrast in the looks of a great vai iety of plants with the same things outside was just wonderful. Of course, when we have cloudy days and plenty of rain, there is no need of any thing of this sort; but where one has plants that are worth a great deal of money I think such protection can be made to pay a big interest on the amount invested. HOW TO MANAGE SO THE PLANTS YOU BUY WILL NOT DIE. Somebody told me that one of the largest nurserymen in the United States once made the statement that not one tree in five sent out from the nurseries ever bore any fruit. Now, may be I have made a mistake in the figures. It may have been only one in ten that lived. But this is one thing that keeps up the nursery business throughout the United States and the rest o\ the world. People get in a craze for beautifying their homes, and buy trees, plants, shrubs, and flowers. These all die; then the following year, when spring comes, they get the fever again, and buy some more. Perhaps this time they get a few of them to live; but it is only after a long experience that they learn to manage stuff of this kind so it does any good. Another class of well-to-do people make out their order for a lot of stuff and when it comes they hire Tom, Dick' and Harry to set it out. Now, if the above Tom, Dick, and Harry do not know how to do such work properly, and their employer does not know any better, no won- der the money is wasted. If you have not had experience in this line of work you have seen neighbors who buy stuflF reckless- ly—yes, foolishly — and let it die. Last Saturday I saw a lot of stuff shipped in from some nursery, standing right out in the hot sun in front of our electric-car de- pot. Sunday, in going to church I saw the stuff still there in the sun. Monday after- noon it was there in the sun still. I might have asked the agent if he could not put it somewhere in the shade; but I am afraid he would think I was meddling. Now, one great trouble why the stufiF you buy from the beautiful catalogs never does any good is that the shock in moving from the nurseryman's grounds, or, worse still from the florist's greenhouse, is too great when put out in the sun in the average home garden or front yard. The florist or nurseryman can set the things out himself and make them live; and in the cities well- to-do people often employ a florist to make a nice bed and put out the plants, especial- ly the ornamental foliage plants. If he does notmakeanicebed and havethe stuff live he does not get any pay. Th is is a very good pl'an but he generally gets pretty big pay when he makes a bed that is really a success Let me now digress long enough to tell a story, and I think you will see where mv moral comes in. ^ When I was in Columbus a few days ago in reference to temperance legislation etc I found out in the afternoon about half past three that I would not be needed any more for that day, nor till about ten a. m. the next. Just as soon as I could catch a train I went down to Xenia, Greene Co , to see my eldest sister; but I stayed there only a couple of hours. FYom Xenia I took the electric line to Springfield, O. I had been getting some very pretty plants from a greenhouse there, for a very small sum of money; and I was very anxious to see the establishment where they could grow rare and valuable plants for a few cents, that used to cost almost as many nickels I asked at the hotel how soon I could have breakfast. They thought six o'clock was early enough for anybody. Not so for A I. R. when he is in quest oj greenhouses. It was light enough so I could see at half- past four A little after five I had finished my breakfast at one of the "open-all-night" restaurants; and almost before anybody was stirring I was two miles out of the city at the establishment of Messrs. Good & Reese. Just as the sun was coming up I was going through the hot-beds and cold- frames. Then I managed to get into the greenhouses, and I can hardly tell you what a happy time I had for three or four hours This IS said to be the largest establishment 508 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 in the world for growing roses; and recent- ly they have commenced growing all sorts of flowering plants for indoors and outdoors for decorating homes. The greater part of all of these plants — geraniums, pelargoni- ums, fuchsias, etc., sell at a nickel each or 50 cents a dozen. All of these plants, roses included, are grown in 2 or 2' 2 inch pots. Just as soon as the roots fill the pots pretty well, and begin to crowd, the plant is turned over to the customer. Soil enough adheres firmly to the little plant to enable it to go quite a long distance by express, and come to hand in perfect order. In fact, I had been getting from this firm beautiful roses in bud and bloom for only 50 cents a dozen. They came more than a hundred miles in such perfect order that the blossoms opened out perfectly, some of them the first day after they were received. Well, this firm not only furnishes all kinds of house- plants grown in pots, but of late they have been putting up a great variety of hardy shrubs for the dooryard in the same way. Of course, the plants are small; but a little plant, right out of the pot, dirt and all, will very soon make a big one. Now, my visit was prompted largely by a desire to see how it is possible for them to grow plants for a nickel each, that we have heretofore had to pay 20, 30, and even 40 cents for. In just a little time I caught on to the secret. Like other kinds of business in this present age, they do things cheaply by growing the stuff in enormous quantities. Just one illustration. In one of the long greenhouses I saw fuchsias perhaps two feet high, growing so close together that the branches were like heads of grain in a field. The tops of these plants were clipped off, something as we cut off stuff with a sickle. They were loaded in wheelbarrows, and taken to a cool damp room, where men and boys clipped them up into little cut- tings. Then some boys, not over 12, put these cuttings in a bed. The bed was cov- ered with clean sharp sand, damp enough to handle nicely. It was leveled off, and then pounded with a square piece of plank with a handle in the center. A boy gave the level surface of the sand quite a hard blow with this leveler. When the bed was level, hard, and firm, another boy laid down a common lath and drew a caseknife each side of it. With a sprinkler the sand was kept dampened to just about the proper con- sistency. Then a third boy took these same fuchsia cuttings and pushed them down into the sand where the slit was made with the caseknife. The speed with which he handled these little cuttings made me think of the printers in our composing-room. He put them in so fast you could hardly tell what he was doing. In this way they filled beds hundreds of feet long. In about a week or ten days, with the temperature and moisture in the atmosphere kept just right, and the proper shade, these cuttings will have made roots U inch long, or a little more. They then are put into 2 or 2>2 inch pots with potting-soil; and when the plant has made several leaves, and filled its- little pot with roots so as to hold the ball of earth from crumbling or dropping off, it is ready lo ship. What I have described of the fuchsia is done, with proper variations, according to the nature of the plants, with almost every thing else; and where they produce these plants by the thousands and tens of thousands, it is not at all strange that they can sell them at a profit at four or five cents each. I did not see any of the proprietors. It was probably too early for them to be around; but I was told by the men in charge I could go all over the es- tablishment wherever I chose, and I tell you I appreciated the liberty. There were beds of the most brilliant colei, so long that the colors could just be distinguished in the dim distance. A part of the houses are old; but this enterprising firm is building new ones almost all the time; and it was inter- esting to note the improvements made from year to year in greenhouse- building. Their houses are all of even span, running north and south. It would take too much space to tell you even the names of the plants. Almost every thing is shipped in 2 or 2>^ inch pots; but, of course, they have 3 and 4 inch pots for certain customers who prefer to pay more for larger ones. One great ad- vantage of the small pots is the saving of express charges in shipping; and any one who has a few pots and a little skill can make a two-inch plant into a four-inch one in a very short time. The fun of seeing the little bits of things grow into big shapely plants is, to my notion, one of the most in- teresting things about plant-growing. I be- lieve it is getting to be quite fashionable lately to send out a great variety of orna- mental trees, including the high-priced ever- greens, with a ball of earth around the roots. Two years ago I was greatly taken up with some blood red Japanese maples. I paid several dollars for half a dozen of them. They all died, although the florist told me they were perfectly hardy, and would grow as well outdoors as any of the maples. I gave it up in disgust; but now I shall have some little ones grown in pots ; and if they are hardy for anybody, / shall make them grow. Since I made that visit I have asked the firm to give me some figures pertaining to their establishment — amount of business, etc. I submit the statement below: Our greenhouse covers an area of five acres. We grov? about four million rose- plants each year, and about the same number of miscellaneous stock of all kinds, such as chrysanthemums, carnations, fuchsias, hibiscus, palms, ferns, begonias, etc. Our business amounts to upward of a quarter of a million dollars a year ; and, though we keep adding to our greenhouses es each year, we have as yet been unable to supply all the orders that come to us each season. We are now getting more business than we can handle. We ship to every country on the globe, including the islands of the Pacific. The Good & Reese Co. It may be that I am giving this firm some free advertising; but I think they deserve it, for, if I am correct, they are pioneers in furnishing the world beautiful little plants of almost every thing for only a nickel. CONCLUDED IN OUR NEXT. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 509 ^ .^Kt^ Walter S. Pouder. Established 1889. ^ I 7k Bee=keepers Supplies. n5 Distributor of Root's Goods from the best shipping "^ ^ point in the Country. My prices are at all times •^ J^ identical with those of the A. I. Root Co. , and I can -^ Ht^ save you money by way of transportation charges. ^ ^ Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb J ^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee ^ "^ Smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, ^ ^ and, jti fact, everything used by Bee-keepers ^ ■^ Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. ^ X^ ITALIAN QUEEN BEES and NUCLEI. Strictly ^ yx high grade, and a pleased Customer every time. ^ ^ My Stock of Supplies J »♦'? is fresh from the factory, and fully up-to-date in every detail. My sections are ^y' i^ not dried out, and they they do not break in beading. £& ^ What They Say. ^ :^ South Bend, Ind. -^ '^ Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. ^y- \te Dear 5/r.-— The queen purchased of you is a dandy. I have just examined -^^ '^ her hi ire to day, and find it full of brood and young bees. The "Hoosier Strain," : yfe, I think, v^ill do to tie to. ' Yours truly, ^& *♦* W. D. Ball. ^ ^ Glen Haven, Wis. W Vz Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. .^ ^g- Bear Sir:— The supplies sent me have arrived in good condition and the 'y^ T quality is very choice. I must confess that it has been a pleasure to transact xV ^& business vrith you. Please accept thanks for your promptness and fine goods "yN ^ E. J. Hemple. ^ ^ Beeswax Wanted. ^ X^ I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or -^^ 't^ trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, alw^ays • iji being sure to attach your name on the package. •^&. iji. My large illustrated catalog is free, and I shall be glad to send it to you. •^^ I WALTER S. POUDER, | ^ 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^ 510 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 _ Golden Italian and Leather Colored, QUEENS Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by Quirin='the=Queen=Breeder. We guarantee every queen sent out to please you, or it may be returned inside of tiO days, and another will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long-=tongued Red=Clover Breeders in the United States. We send out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any State, continental island, or European Country. The A. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal savs that he has good reports from our stock, from time to time. Dr. J. I,. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., says that he secured over 400 pounds of honey {mostly comb), from single colonies containing our queens. We have files of unsolicited testimonials, but space forbids giving any here. We employ 400 swarms in queen-rearing, the business is a specialty with us. We expect to keep BOO to 1200queens on hand. Parkenown, O., was our postoffice, but we have changed to Belle- vue which has 13 mails each way daily. (No more of our queens will be jerked from a crane.) Our new circular now ready to mail. Queens, now Ready to go by Return Mail. .\DDRESS ALL ORDERS TO Price of Queens Before July First. 12 Select Tested Select Tested Breeders Straight Five-baud Breeders Palestine Queens Two-comb Nuclei, no queen.. P'ull Colony on eight frames.. Four fr's brood, 4 fr's fdn.... 81 00 I |5 00 I J9 ( 0 1 50 I 8 00 I 15 00 2 00 4 00 6 00 2 00 2 50 6 00 5 00 10 00 I 18 00 10 00 I 18 00 14 00 I L'5 10 30 00 I 25 00 Specia' '■^'v Drjce on Queens an^ Nuclei in 50 and 100 Lo!s. Quiriii=the=Queen=Breeder, Beiievue, o. tjfi^fifi»»*^*^»^>i^»^»i^*^^i?»^>^&:^*if*^ ^Victor's^^ Superior Stock Is recognized as such, to the extent that last season I was compelled to withdraw my ad. to keep from being swamped with orders. THIS SEASON I SHAI^I^ RUN MY Thirteen Hundred Colonies Exclu= sively for Bees and Queens — and will therefore soon be able to — Have 2000 to 2200 Colonies and Nuclei in Operation which warrants me in promising prompt service. Untested QueensSl. 00; select un- tested 11.25; tested S1.50; select tested $2.50; breeders $4.00 to $7.00. Illustrated price list free for the asking. W. O. VICTOR, Queen Specialist. V Wharton, Tex. Choice Queens for 1904- We are again offering queens of the best stock ob- tainable. All breeding-queens are selected, first, for superior honey production, and pleased customers are constantly sending in reports like the following: Georgiana, Fla., Jan. 29, 1904. The untested queen I got of j'ou last March was a dandj'. I raised about all my queens from her, and they are all far ahead of the common run. ICELAND Baldwin. Toronto Can., April 8, 1903. I am well pleased with your stock, my ordering again is proof of their qualities. They proved gen- tle and were good workers. Hoping that you can fill my order, I am yours truly, Thos. Aikins. Untested queens of Golden or I,eather colored Italians, deliveied in good order at your postoffice, 75c each; 87. .50 per doz.; tested, SI 00 each; $10 per doz. GEORGE J, VANDE VORD, Daytona, Fla, HONEY QUEENS LAWS' ITALIAN AND HOLY LAND QUEENS. Plenty of fine queei s of the best strains on earth, and with these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are you interested? Laws' Leather and Golden Italians. Laws' Holy Lands. These three, no more. The following prices are as low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen, $8 00;. tested. $1; per dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either race, $3 each. W. H. Laws, Beeville, Texas. — HONEY QUEENS — Golden and Leather-colored Italians, tested, $1.25; un- tested, $1 00. H. C. TRIE>SCH, Jr., DYBR, A.R.K. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 511 CARNIOLANS AND ITALIANS. Untested Queen $1.00; Six for $5.00; Twelve for $9.00. Tested $1.50. Best Breeder $3.00. Imported $5.00. Special prices quoted on large orders. Having queen- rearing apiaries in the North and South we can fur- nish any number of queens on short notice. Safe ar- rival guaranteed. Price list free. F. A. I^OCKHART (St CO., L>aKe George, ' Ne-wtr Vork. Carniolans. We are the largest breeders of this race of bees in America, having bred them for 18 years. We find them the g'entlesi hees known. Very hardy and pro- lific, good workers on red clover; great comb-builders, and their sealed combs are of a snowy whiteness. Italians. Gentle, prolific, swarm very little, hustlers to work, and a red-clover strain. If tHe BE^ST Queens are wKat you "want. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than ItXKJ fine queens in stock ready for early orders. We guarantee satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and five banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queens. $1.50 each; 6 for $7.00, or $12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 8-banded Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $4.00 each for straight breeders of theirsect._ Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address XHe Bee and Honey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Xex. QUEENS ! ATTENTION ! QUEENS ! During 1904 we will raise and offer you our best queens. Untested, 75 c. each ; $4.2.5 for 6 ; $8 OO for 12. Tested queens, 81.50 each ; best breeders, Jo 00 each. One, two, and three frame nuclei a specialty Full colonies, and bees by the carload. Prompt attention to your orders, and safe arrival guaranteed. Satis- faction will be our constant aim. We breed Italians, Carniolans, Cyprians, and Holy Lands, in separate yards, 5 to 25 miles apart. Our stock can not be excelled in the world, as past records prove. New blood and the best to be had. Queens will be reared under the supervision of E. J. Atchley, a queen breeder for 30 years. Write for catalog telling how to rear queens, and keep bees for profit. THE SOUTHLAND QUEEN, $1.00 per year. The Jennie Atchley Co.. Box 18. Beeville, Texas. OUR SPECIALTIE^S Cary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hive and Supers, Root's Sections, Weed Process Foundation, and Bingham Smokers. :: :: Bees and Queens in tKeir Seasoxk. 32-pagfe Catalog Free "W. "W. CARY 6c W. T. Falconer Mfg. Company, W. M. Gerrish, Elpping, N. H., carries a full line of our Ts^-rrk tf:kS^r^^JKr'rk 1^ ^f goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. J C^XIICJSHJ W »»» X^ • A* 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. SIS Marshfield Manvifactxiring Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in! the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. ^^e MarsHfield Maixtifacttiring Company, MarsHHalcl, IXTis. Kretchmer El^Ar^FC. Go. Box 60, RED OAK. IOWA. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- > ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- • suring BEST goods at the I^OWEST prices, • and prompt shipment. We want every ■> bee- keeper to have our FREE IlylyUSTRAT- ' ED CATAI,OG, and read description of [ Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. r WRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. ' Trester Supply Company, I,incoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs, Iowa. I. H. Myers, l,amar. Col. Keeps in stock a complete line of • |Colonies of Italian bees in newhive $8. SO 'Three-fra:ne nucleus colonies with Italian queen 3.7 5 iTested Italian queen 1.25 Untested queen I.OO 'silk-faced veil, best made 40 Catalog FREE Apiaries— Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom— 1 05 Park Place, N. Y. NOT IN THE TRUST. The oldest bee-supply house in the East. Sells the BEST GOODS at former prices. >S e n d for Catalog. J. H. M. COOK. 70 Cortlandt SX., New YorK City. Tested queens now ready by return mail. Pacific Coast Buyers are directed to the announcement that SMITHS' CASH STORE (inc.) 25 Market St., San Francisco, California, carries a complete line of apiary supplies, Root's reg- ular and Danzenbaker hives, Dadant's foundation, and Union hives. Money can be saved by buying from them. Prices quoted same as Root's catalog for 1904, with carload rate 90c per 100 pounds added. This saves buyers $1.50 per 100 pounds in freight, or 36c on each hive. R.oot's Bee - Supplies AT RO OT'S PRI C E»S Send for catalog. S. D. BUEIvIv, Union City, Mich» BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honey, sections, comb toundation, and such other articles used in the apiary. Write for price list. A. IV. SWAK (Sb CO. Centralia, Kan. If the Bull Runs next to the poultry, use Page Poultry Fence. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Box 8, Adrian, Mich 516 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 PERFORATED ZINC STRIPS. The rows of holes in the queen-excluding zinc from our new machine are as close together as in the origi- nal Tinker zinc. In making zinc strips for wood-zinc honey-boards it is customary to remove every third punch. By this plan the strips cut from the new zinc will be \^ wide instead of }§, the width we have been supplying during the pas t two years. The wood slats used in connection with the new strips will have to be made a little wider, or not grooved quite so deep, or both. We can not fuss with any more of the strips j| wide except such stock as may be in the hands of our dealers. The new zinc gives about 15 per cent more perfora- tions than the old, and over 30 per cent more than the original Root zinc. EXTRACTED HONEY. We keep on hand a large stock of extracted honey from different sources, and are prepared to supply at the prices shown below. The following flavors are usually in stock. PACK.4.GES. By far the largest part of our honey comes put up in the 60-lb. square tin cans, two cans in a case. We also get some in kegs and barrels We agree to furnish it only in such packages as we happen to have. Unless J on find price quoted for different packages, it is understood that we furnish only in 5-gallon and 1- gallon cans. PRICES. — F. O. B. MEDINA, CHICAGO, OR PHILADELPHIA Kind. ^ cd 11 o M rt 0! 0 M 0 In one-gallon screw-top cans. 2S ;c 0 per lb per lb per lb per gal per gal White Clover Basswood Alfalfa 8^ 7 6% 8 8 8 6 7% 7% 6 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 10 1 00 1 10 1 10 1 10 Orange 1 00 Aiiber 90 AIKEN HONEY-BAGS. We did not include these bags in our catalog this year because we wanted to see them more generally tested in different sections of the countrv, and proven a satisfactory package everywhere before doing so. We are prepared to supply them, and have arranged for a 1-lb. size in addition to the four other sizes sold h«=retofore. We are not yet supplied with the 1-lb. size, but expect to have all five sizes in abundance by June at the latest. We have orders in for 175,000 bags, and the prices in various quantities will be as follows: 1-LB. SIZE, ^]4^ol4. 100 $ .65 I 1000 500 3.00 I 5000 @. 2-LB. SIZE, 5x71/2. 100..." 8 .80 £03 3 75 1000 7.00 5C0O@ 6.60 3J^-lb. SIZE, 6x9J^. 100 $1.00 .500 4.75 1000 8 75 5000® 8.25 ,.$5.50 .. 5.25 5lb. SIZE, 7x10. 100 $ 1 20 500 5.50 1000 10 50 5000® 10 00 10 lb. SIZE, 10x10 J^. 100 f 150 500 7.00 1000 13 50 5000® 13 00 We will print in name and address of producer or dealer, in different quantities, at the following sched- ule of prices for any size: I^ots of 100 30cts. Lotsof 2.50 .50cts. Lots of 500 75cts. I^otsoflOOO fl.OO. For each additional 1000, add 50 cents. Each change of name and address counts as a separate order. For instance, 1000 bags printed with four different names and addresses, 250 of each, would be $2.00; with ten different names $3.00, etc. As the bags must be print- ed before they are made up and coated, we can not change the label except in lots of 10,000 or over. We have some plain 2-lb. size of dark drab paper which we can furnish plain at $2 00 per 1000 less than prices quoted above, or we can print a smaller special label in one color at above rates extra for printing. Special Notices by A. I. Root. SEED POTATOES. .\lmost every day I have to write to somebody that we are sold out of seed potatoes; and it is with some reluctance that I add, •' I shall probably not grow po- tatoes for seed any more." Our regular bu'iiness is as- suming such proportions that we have been really obliged to drop off all side issues. In this issue you will see an advertisement from Wilbur Fenn, of Tall- madge, Ohio, offeringsome choice potatoes; and I take pU asure in adding that my cousin, Mr Fenn, for many years grew for me about the best seed potatoes I ever sold. THE GOLDEN-LEAVED SALVI.A. Dr. Miller, on the first page of Straws, this issue, does not think much of my special favorite foliage- plant when put outdoors in the hot sun. I was aware of this; but when grown in a greenhouse shaded with cheese-cloth, as I have described, I should place it ahead of any other foliage-plant of the golden hue. The delicate purity of the new leaves as they unfold rejoices my heart morning, noon, and night. It is one of the easiest plants in the world from which to make cuttings; and when the temperature and the amount of moisture is just right it is one of the most rapid- growing plants. The finest strain I ever found came from John L,ewis Childs, of Floral Park. N. Y. There is another golden salvia grown by florists, called " yellow bird.'" and the name is verj appropriate; but I hardly think it equal to the strain from Childs. The plant not only grows rapidly, but often puts out fiery- red racemes of bloom when the plant is only one or two inches high. - brings fruits and flowers. We make the right appliances. Special adapta- tion to every need. HAND, BUCKET, BARREL KNAP- SACK and POWER SPRAYERS. 20 style.i. Nozzles, hose, attachments, formulas, every spraying accessory. Write for free catalog. The Demlng Co., Salem, O. Wfgtei-n ArenTs, Hemon ^ Hubbell, Chicago, THE POULTRY REVIEW, ^Z'SeheLl^e"'^;^^,: of the best poultry papers published ; 50c a year ; with this paper, $1.00 a year. Before subscribing elsewhere get our clubbing rates. The Poultry Review, Dept. IX, Bustleton, Pa. (fO PER 13 for White and Barred Rocks, Silver- $Z laced Wyandottes, Red Caps, White and Brown L,eghorns; and Black Minorcas. QQ PER 13 for Buff Rocks, Buff Orpingtons, Bufif $U I,eghorns, Black Spanish, and White Wyan- dottes. Reference, The A. I. Root Co. Quality Poultry Yards, - Medina, Ohio. For Sale. — Black queens from natural swarms, 25 cts. each. Ivey Seawell, Ft. Deposit, Ala. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 517 * J884 PRICE LIST OF 1904 Jl Queens \ft and if S Untested Queens, each - - - $1 00 I (f> w £ Tested Queens, each - - ^ ^^ ''5 «n yj S Select Tested Queens, each - - 2 50 J 2^ \ki * Two-frame Nucleus (no queen), - 1 50 ^ k\ ^'f 4, Three-frame Nucleus (no queen), - - 2 25 *»» ff\ Vi/ jj Four-frame Nucleus (no queen), - 3 00 JJ (f^ ii/ ;t Full Colony, eight-frame, (no queen) - 6 00 J ^f) l W "We are booKing orders for Queens -JJ W and Bees at the above prices. .i- i)/ >f> il/ We breed with scientific, intelligent methods from the best ^\ \^/ Imported and Long-tongue stock. Cheaper queens may (i(\ \ii be had elsewhere, but we make no effort to compete with ff^ il/i the prices of the cheap-oueen men. Our stock is worth ^\ \|/ our price. You will be pleased with our stock and our (fl \^/f prompt and careful attention to your orders. We guarantee it. ff) \^/ (f^ iJi ^ 04-pag'e Catalog of Stxpplies Free. ">^ m I J. M. JENKINS, I ^Ij WE:TUMPIiA, - ALABAMA. J|| 518 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. May 15 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. ^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-K EEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ Send for Our FREE New Illustrated Catalog and Price List. ^ ^ ^t«^s^fe&&fc«r*&S^&fr&&>&*ttt&&&«rfr«'^*&t&&&^&^^S-fe&?^*ifrfrfefctt:t«-t&&tfet&. ilu Hi m ^: m Of Dittmer's Foundation RETAIL AND WHOLESALE Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and loughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Full Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Catalog and prices with samples free on application. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. CUS. DITTMER, AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. ^i-i^^-S^-S^^-i-J^^^^^^-i^^^'i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^-S^^'J^HI"**^**^^^-^^^^^^^ «»» m m m m m m m m wi m m ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦< Bingham Smokers Bingham Smokers are the originals, and have all the improve- ments, and have been the Standard of Excellence for 23 years. No wonder Bingham's four-inch Smoke-engine goes without puff- ing, and does not drop inky drops. The perforated steel fire-grate has 381 holt s to air the fuel and support the fire. Heavy tin smrke-eneine, 4 inch stove, f er mail. $1.50 ; SJ^ inch, 81.10; 3-inch, $1.00; 2>^inch, 90 cents; 2-inch, 65 cents. T. F. Bingham, Farwell, Mich, i I ~~~~ — I Volume XXXII. JUNE I, 1904. \ ■^^^^ >%^ N-BEE CULTUfiE Market Quotations 524 Stkaws, by Dr. Miller 531 Pickings, by Stenog ^33 Conversations with Doolittle 534 Editorials 535 winter Losses in Wisconsin 5:^5 The Great Demand for Bees "iSo Honey Thieves Brought to Justice 5f>5 Not a Fish Story 535 Comb Honey Market 537 Bee-keeping in the Public Schools 5:?8 General Correspondence 539 Quantity or Quality 539 The Shallow Hive 541 A Hive on Scales 542 The "Witchery of Kodakery " 5t3 Peculiar Instinct of Bees 546 Heads of Grain 548 -Fences or Separators 548 Staying up Foundation 549 Wintering in Danzenbaker Hives 549 Virgins Hatching in Wire Cages 550 Handy Device for Nailing up Hives 550 House-Apiarie5 551 Copulation more than Once 551 Foundation Smelling of Kerosene 551 Dd Honey-boards Retard Work? 551 Peculiar Case of Soured Honey. Brass Tags for Hive Numbering., Instinct of Bees 1)D California Lizards kill bees?.. Phacelia for Honey and Fodder... Our Homes >52 552 552 55 i 55.^. .555 Gardening 558 Special Notices 569 The A.I. g MEDINA Root Co? OHIO 3 Eastern Edition. Entered at the Postoffice, at Medina, Ohio, as Second-class Matter. MPT 3ij|p|{||[f|j; OUR SPECIALTY If you want your orders filled within 24 hours send them to us. We have the largest stock in Michigan, and can ship at once. Beeswax wanted at highest market prices. LEWIS G. & A. G. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Mich. haff Hive fortifies your colonies against sudden changes of weather in spring and fall. Only a little extra work neces- sary to chnnge them for winter, and make them frost- proof. This work can be put over until late in Novem- ber or December, after the busy time at this season of the year. The double cover with ventilators enables the bees to continue work in supers during the intense heat of summer, where the hives, of neces- sity, are exposed to the sun during the middle of the day. Ask for copy of report from Michigan Agricultural College, regarding " Double v. Single Walltd Hives." A large part of many apiarists' time is consumed in shifting from winter to summer, and summer t® winter quarters, which could be well spent in caring for a larger number of col- onies. This is overcome by using Hilton's Chaff Hive. Write tor cata- log. Root s Goods at Root's Prices. Beeswax wanted. George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. r PacK Your Beeswax in a Box, ' put your name and address inside, And sHip it to \is at BeecH, MicHig^an. Send the shipping bill with the atta..ched coupon filled out. If you want 30 cents per pound cash for it delivered at our station, we'll send it; if you want 32 cents per pound for it in exchange for supplies, we'll fill your order. Just tell us what you want and we will send you S. ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S PRICES. ^^ We want every bee-keeper in Michigan to have our ^V catalog, Yv'e want your trade; and if we once get ^^ you, vre are going to use you just as well as we can ^w so as to hold you. M. H. \^ HUNT (Sb X^^^'^^^^'^-^^^- --"-^ ^ SON. X^ For Root's Goods in Micliigetn, I have ^^ shipped you ^k WRITE TO Fiounds of beeswax by ^^ reii^ht to Beech, Mich. I ^^ ^^ •wj "W IT . ^7^\ C^ ra"fi^i^^iir&i:^i:r"^°^- X M. n. rlurit c&i ^on. Name ^^ J^ Address \. Bell Brai\cK, - MicK. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURF. 523 I C. H. W. Weber, | 'f' Headquarters for "f I Bee-Supplies f i Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices. | T — Let me sell you the Best Ooods Made; you will be pleased on receipt — •^ of them, and save money by ordering- from me. Will allow you a discount on ^ P$> early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is <$» f^i^ one of the best shipping- points to reach all parts of the Union, particularly f^^ i- in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction JL T guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog- and price list; it will be mailed T — promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :: :: :: -v C. H.W.Weber. Oiifice (Si Salesroom. 2146-2148 Central >Vv-e. ^^areHouse, Freeman and Central A. venue. CINCINNATI, OHIO. f^n Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and T_ ^^ without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey ^^ \J^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and ^ i^ bee-veils. (^ i$i Queens Now Ready to Supply by Return 'Mail; Golden itai- (^ i^ isnf, Red-clover, and Cjiui.-lans. Will be ready t'l fu:nish nuclei, beginning- (^ ,-■ wiih June, of all tl e vaiicties mentioned abov^. Pr;cos for Untested, during June, ^ "^ one. 75: six, $4.00: twelve. S7.50. 4 ^^ i will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and ^ U^ shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- *^W ■^ rels, or carload^of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. mj w|j . . (^ w|;> I have in Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants: Sweet- <|i jjj scented clover, white, and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- ^ jt celia, Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnio. ,%■.. 524 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Junk 1 Honey Market. GRADING-RIILES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs uusoiled by travel- stain or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except an occasional cell, the outside srrfaoeof the wood well scraped of propolis. ANo. 1.— All s c. ons well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; c imbs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. l.-All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of 5omb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is. there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Philadelphia.— The honey market has been quiet for the last ten days, and very little doing. Some odd lots have been sold at very low prices to clean out. The demand during this changeable spring weather has been very light. There is no fancy comb honey on the market. We quote No. I,9(al0c; amber, 8(59; fancy white extracted. 7(57^; amber, 6%@7. Bees- wax has been received in large quantities: prices are a little off. We quote bright yellow. :iOc; dark, 2S(a29. We are producers of honey and do not handle on com- mission. Wm. A. Sei SER, May 20. 10 Vine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Toledo. — The market on comb honey remains quiet as usual at this time of the year, but we wish to state that honey is nearly exhausted in this section of the country. We are closing out our No. 1 at loc. Fancy white clover would bring 14@15. Extracted, in bar- rels, white clover, 6<5)6^; cans, 7(0)754- amber in barrels, .5(15'/^; cans, 6(fl654; Beeswax, 'i6'5)28. May 20. Griggs Bros., Toledo, O. St. I^ouis. — There is absolutely no betterment no- ticeable in regard to the honey trade in this market. While the stocks are not large, the demand is very limited, almost at a standstill. Quotations as follows; Fancy comb from 12(g),H; A No. 1, 11@12; No 1. 10@11; No. 2, about 9; No. 3, 7(®8. Broken honey, 5@6. Ex- tracted honey, 5@5^ in cans; iCdj,4% in barrels. Dark and inferior grades will bring less. R. Hartmann & Co , May 20. St. t,ouis, Mo. Albany. — The honey market is quiet and dull there being little demand now as it is between seasons We hear of light crops predicted in this section. We quote white comb in good condition, 12fa'14c; mixed, ]()(a>12. Extracted, dark, 5@5%; light; 6'2(i'7. Beeswax, 30(3(32. May 27. MacDougall & Co. San Francisco.— New comb per lb., white, 10@12; amber, 8@I0. Extracted, water-white, .5^(g6: light am- ber, 5@554; dark amber, 4^@5 Beeswax. 28@29. Ernest B. Schaefflr, May 22. Murphys, Cal. Denver.— No. 1 white comb honey all sold out, and but very little No. 2 on the market. No. 1 w hite comb honey brings $2.&!Xa$2.7F) peicase of 24 sections; No. 2, $2.25(532.40. No demand for candied comb honey. No. 1, white extracted, 7}4(g(7>i; light amber, ^}4®~- Bees- wax wanted at 26@30. The Colo. Honey Producers' Ass'n., May 21. 1440 Market St, Denver, Colo. Boston. — The demand for honey is extremely light, almost nothing, and supplies are heavy tor this time of the year, and our prices therefore, are largely nominal. We quote fancy white at 15fS)16; A No 1. 14 (a 15; No. 1, 14. No call for under grades. Extracted from 5(36. Blake, Scott & IvEE, May 14. Boston, Mass. Chicago. — The market has an over-supply of comb honey, very little of which will pass as No. 1 grade; price is 11(0112, and off grades at a corresponding value. Extracted brings 6(^7 for best white and amber 5«6. Beeswax, 30(g),31. R. A. Burnett & Co. May 19. New York.— The market is decidedly dull, and it is almost impossible to move large blocks What little trade there is, is done in a small way. We quote nom- inally: fancy white at 13c; No. 1 at 12c, and amber at 10c: no demand for dark at all. Extracted is in fair demand at unchanged prices with a good s'lpply. Be'swax remains firm at 30c but we expect a decline very shortly. Hildreth & Segelken, May 21. 265 Greenwich St., New York. Cincinnati. — The honey market continues to be dull; if anything, the prices on comb honey wre low- er; concessions are made on bigger lots I quote fancy while comb from 12^'3il4c Sales on extracted are m deatthe following prices: Amber, in barrels. 5/i@5?i: in cans, J^c more; alfalfa, waier white, 6(^ 654; strictly white clover for extra fancy 7J4 and 8c. Beeswax, SOc. C. H. W. Weber, May 19. 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. For Sale*— 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in cases of two new 60-lb. cans each, at 7% cts. per lb.; 835-lb. barrels at 7 cts. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R. R. No. 1, Viola, Wis. For Sale.— Thirty barrels choice extracted white- clover honey. Can put it up in any style of package desired. Write for prices, mentioning style of pack- age, and quantity wanted. Sample mailed on receipt of three cents in P. O. stamps. Emil J. Baxter, Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale. — Fancy basswood and white-clover hon- ey; 60-lb. cans, 8c; 2 cans or more, 7J4c; bbls., 7}4c. E. R. Pahl & Co., 294 Broadway, Milwaukee, Wis. Wanted. — Extra fancy comb honey, about 100 lbs. each in Danz and 4i^x45^ sections, the latter in two- beeway and four-beeway sections. The a. I. Root Co., Medina. Ohio. BEE-SUPPLIES EXCLUSIVELY. A COMPLETE LINE OF Lewis' Fine Beb-Suppiies, Oadant's Foundation Bingham's Original Patent Smokers and Knives, Root's Extractors, Gloves, Veils, Etc. Queen Bees and nuclei in se.isun. In fact, anything needed in the "Bee-line," at FACTORY PRICES HERE IN CINCINNATI, where prompt service is yours and freight rat.es are lowest. Speci.il discounts for early orders. SEND FOR CATALOG. THE FRED W. MUTH GO. We are successors to nobody and nobody is successor to us. 51 WALNUT STREET. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 1904 GLEANIXCS IX I'.F.I-: ClI. I I i> !• Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. B.4CH, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted— Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted.— Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at anytime of the year. Write us if you have any to dispose of. HlLDRETH & SEGELK£N. 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 28c cash or 30 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 14^ E. Erie St., Chicago. 44 Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The a. I. Root Company, Medina, O. Clias. Israel (Si Brothers 4'80-4f>0 Canal St., New^ ,YorK. Wholesale Dealers and Commission Merchants in' " - Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. Consignments Solicited. Established 1K75. BEE=KEEPERS, let me sell you the best goods made. You will be pleased on receipt of them, and save money by ordering from me. ^My stock is all new ^and complete. I handle the G B. Lewis Co and The A. I. Root Co. goods. Send or catalog. It is free. W. J. Mccarty, Emmetsburg, Iowa. JUNE BRIDES or any other kind You shouH have embossed station ery. Makes a splendid wedding present. Send for samples and prices. R, A. NERRIE, 90 West Broadway, New York. DID YOU LOSE HALF OF YOUR BEES ? Then save money by ordering your s'ationery and honey-labels of us. Samples and prices free. It is in the doing we excel, and not in ta'.kiag about it. Young Brothers, - Cirard, Penna. Wr^w%^d^Al Lovers of Good Books Ctrl IdJ ■ to write for list of 2o0 titles to Select trom. Beautiful cloth-bound $1 books mailed for .50c. These books are bvihebe»t authors, 200 to 500 pages. TheFRISBEE HONEY CO., (Ref. Publishers of Gleanings. 1 Box 1 01 4, Denver,Col. Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PRICES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something WORTH LOOK- ING INTO. Send for our free book, " How to Make Money with Squabs, ami learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MAgs. FENCE! STROMGEST MAOE. Bui _,. . strong, Chicken Tight. Sold to the Karmerat Wholesalf Prices. FdIIj Warranted. Catalog' Free COILED SPRING FENCE CO. •Box 101. Winehester, Indiana, C. S. A. "Sit on" Page Fence, we'll accept the verdict. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Box S, Adrian, Mich. MY GOLDEN BREEDER gave me 400 pounds of honey last year. Her daughters are 7.5c each ; $8 00 per dozen. George W. Cook. Spring Hill. Kans. ===Red=CIover and Italian Queens=== FOR SALE. Untested queens, 7.ic ; tested, |1 00 ; selected, 81.25 ; breeders, 82 50 to $5.00. All queens by return mail for 1904. Send for circular. G. Routzahn, Biglerville, Pa. QUEENS DIRECT FROM ITALY. Please send us your address on a postal card, and we will send you our price list of queens, written in English. Cor- respondence not suflBciently post-stamped will be refused. Our motto: " Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them."' Write Malan Brothers. ■ . . . Queen-breeders. " Apiario," Luserna, San Giovanni. Italy. 1^ STORY EIGHT-FRAME L HIVE $1.00. Sections, Dovetailed hives, Foundation,and all supplies at Reduced Prices. Send for list. W. D. SOPER, Route 3, JACKSON, MICH. THE APPLE MAN above all others is the one who needs to spray. Good, smooth, even sized, disease-free, salable apples are now an impossibility without spraying. For the apple man's use nothing quite equals our Century Barrel Sprayer. Submerged brass cylinder, brass ball valves, everlasting plunger packing, automatic agitator. Unequalled for durability, ease of operation, free waterways. Eighteen styles of sprayers. CataK-gue with formulas and testimonials free. THE DEMINC COMPANY, SALEM, OHIO. Western Agts., HenioD & Ilnbbell, I'blca^. $1 Farmers Voice Great Co-Operatlve Club Send U3 the names of ten frlondi or neighborj whom you believe will be interested in a jourua atanding for the farmer's toest Interests, and wf will send you these five great periodicals eacl oX which stands at the head of Its class. Regular Price Farmer's Voice"" '"'"°"' Kuril Weeklj • For forty yeara the most earneit advocate of all tliinga whicli tend to make life on the farm more pleasurable and profitable. $.601 Wayside Tales 1.00 America's Oreat SLirt Story Magazine, 96 pagesin regular ma- gazine size of clean stories eTery month on fine book paper. The American Poultry Journal .50 The oldest and best poultry paper In the world. The Household Realm . . .50 For 18 years the only woman'! paper owned, edited and pat>- Ushed exclusively by women. Kicit's Family Magazine . .50 FOR ONL> $1. ■nit te& names o farmer! The leading Floral Magarlne of America. J ■* abOTt For Vlck'8 yoa may labstltate Green's Frui> Ctower, Farm Jonms), Blooded etock, Eaniae Clt> Star or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Farmen* Volee free lilberal terms to agenta. VOICE PUB. CO., lis Voice BU«.. Cblou^ Fnyplnnpc prljated*to-order, only (1 pur 1000: seiui ui T ciu|ic J, for free sample and ttats fom bnatDSMi 526 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 The only soap that won't smart the face — Will- iams' Shaving Soap. Sold everj'vihere. Writ-e for booklet "How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. Handy Wagon Only 25 inches high. Steel Wheels. 4 inch Tires. Carries any load two horses can pull. We furnish any size steel wheels, of any width, for any axle. Catalogue free. Empire Mfg. Co., Box 122 C Qulncy, III. ™^ 4'LEAF CLOVER Cream Raiser, Don't mix. Has utmost cooling surface. Inner can quickly remov- able. No water needed in winter. Cold air chamber over whole can. Very easy to clean. Patent faucets and many other desirable features described in our FREE catalogue. PLYMOtTH MFG. CO., Plymouth, Ohio. POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated.SOc yr. , show* readers how to succeed with Poultry. Special Introductory Offer. 3 years 60 cts ; 1 year 25 cts ; 4 months trial lOcts. Stampsaccepted. Sample copy free. 148 page lllustratea practical poultry book free to yearly eubscribers. Catalogue of poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co., g;?L^e:d,o. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cut ting, mitering, grooving, boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for working wood in any man- ner. Send for catalog A. — ^flC^^^ The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co., iC^ 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs.. N. Y. Foot and Hand Power Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1873.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly bj' The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CAIvVERT, Bus. MgT. A. I,. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Ad%'ertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms; $1.00 per annum ; two years, |1. 50; three years, $2.00 ,■ five years, $i.OO, in advance. The terms applj' to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, -18 cents per year for postage. I>isooTirar/zVa/ scheme can be evolved, I am satisfied that much good will be ac- complished, and the officers of the National will be glad to adopt it. COMB-HONEY MARKET; IMPORTANCE OF GETTING THE NEW PRODUCT ON THE MARKET EARLY. If the reader will look over our honey quotations for the last three months he will see that comb honey has been getting dull, duller, dullest. The fact is, bee-keepers, not heeding our injunctions, have been dil- atory about getting their last year's crop on the market. A great deal of it has been shipped since the holidays, when it should alzvays be on the market before. Last fall there was not enough good honey to supply the market. All this spring there has been a glut and falling prices. Mr. Selstr, one of the principal honey- buyers of the East ( and his statement is re- inforced by the principal buyers of the country), urges the importance of shipping all Northern honey to market between Sept. 1 and Dec. 1. Clover and basswood should be sold as soon as taken off the hive. There is a time for a few days early in the season when the first new honey brings a fancj' price. It is right here that the early bird — the bee- keeper — catches the worm. Of course, just now is the dull or off' sea- son for comb honey; but it is duller than usual at this time of the year simply be- cause producers were slow about getting their goods on the market. Then when they did ship, they shipped all at once and glutted the market. Many held back, think- ing to get better prices; but in this they made a fearful mistake. There is a large amount of ccmb honey on the market now that came in too late to be sold. Some of it has been disposed of at a fearful sacrifice. We know personally of a number of com- mission men who have been roundly scored for selling at so low a price, when we know as a fact they did the very best they could with the market as it is. Faccy honey sells almost any time at a fancy price; but this kind of honey is usu- ally all disposed of before the holidays, be- fore the second quality reaches the market, say in late winter or early spring, and then w-hen poor prices are secured, if any at all, there is a kick, and the commission man has to take it fore and aft. We do not champion the honey salesmen, but bee-keep- ers need to be reasonable and fair. They need to wake up, as Mr. Selser says, and learn when is the best time to sell their honey. It is not too early to try to impress the fact that all table honey should be sold early. Better employ extra help, get up a little earlier in the morning, and work a little later to scrape the sections to get them cased and off to market; and don't, don't ship your No. 2 (unfinished or stained sections) to the city after the holidays where they will glut the market. If possible, work them off around home. Sell among your neighbors. Peddle it out to people you know (at less price if need be) and ex- plain to them that it is exactly as good as the fancy white honey in boxes that is so pretty to look at. I am not sure but it would be money in your pocket to cut out this inferior- looking honey, but good in quality, mix it with a first-class extracted, and sell it as bulk comb honey in tin buck- ets around among your neighbors who know you, and know that your product is the gen- uine article. Perhaps some of our friends will think 538 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 we oug-ht not to draw attention to a dull market for fear of depressing- still more. It can't be much worse, and just now the truth should be known in the interest of the future's sake. Perhaps others may feel that we have an ax to grind r - -^e are hon- ey buyers. Our business in that line is very small, and we would be perfectly will- ing- to give it up at any time. Our real in- terest is with the producer. If he can't get permanent good prices he has no use for bee papers nor bee supplies. Our ax is also the bee-keepers, and we feel it is high time something was said, and forcibly too. BEE-KEEPING IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Mr. O. L. Hershiser has been giving a series of lectures on bees before the children of the public schools of Buffalo. Beginning on the 28th of last April, and continuing till May 9, every school day, forenoon and aft- ernoon, Mr. H. gave a lecture before a di- vision of the seventh-grade children of the public scools. As only about 300 children could listen at a time, and there were 3500 in the seventh grade, it can be imagined that Mr. H. had to do a good deal of talk- ing. That his lecture was highly interest- ing is evidenced by the numerous newspa- per clippings that have been forwarded to this office. The headings in the papers show that the drones, and the stings of the bees themselves, come in for a large part of the attention of the children. It seemed very queer to them that the "papa bees" should be thrust out in cold weather after summer's laziness. The sting and its in- tricate mechanism, how the bee is supposed to sacrifice its life like the Spartan, was likewise enlarged on. The reports go on to speak of the shower of questions that were fired at the speaker at the end of his lecture, giving strong evidence that the children were interested, and fully under- stood the subject as it was laid before them. Indeed, one paper says that, so rapt was the attention, a pin could have been heard to fall at any time. At the close of each lecture a series of stereopticon views were thrown on the screen, illustrating different phases of the subject brought out in the talk. Some slides were borrowed from this office, and some others were made for the occasion. I understand that these bee-lectures are to be a permanent feature of the Buffalo schools hereafter, and why not? If it is in- teresting and profitable to tell about bird life, why should it not be equally interest- ing and profitable to tell about bees, ants, and other insects? And if it is a good thing for Buffalo, why should it not be for other cities in the United States, and, for that matter, for every public school in the country? There are plenty of bee-keepers who are able to give interesting talks on this subject; but I fancy there are not many of them who would be able to lay it before children in such a way that a pin could be heard to drop during the entire talk. Mr. Hershiser is to be congratulated on the success of the venture thus far; and his sr-'-'^^will mean that the movement will probaoly be introduced in other schools. Bee-keepers all ^- c the country can do a great deal by bringing the matter before boards of education. Tell them what has been done in Buffalo, and ask them to try the experiment just once. If the result is as successful as at Buftalo, the feature will probably become permanent in many other schools. We have a very large collection df slides. Many of them, however, have been broken by being loaned out. In order to help along this laudable movement we have been thinking of having many duplicate slides made (to replace those that may be broken) showing bee-keeping from the popular point of view, so that the same can be used by lecturers at farmers' in.stitutes and in pub- lic schools throughout the United States. We expect to have these slides under way very soon, and will sell them at a nominal price, or rent them, as may be preferred. It will probably be too late to introduce the feature in other schools this season; but if our bee-keeping friends do their duty much can be done to educate consumers on the general subject of how honey is produced, and why it can be produced in such large quantities, and yet be genuine bee honey, without any glucose about it. This is a very important matter, and I hope the Na- tional Association will in some way bring it before the public schools of the country at an early day. The greatest difficulty we have to con- tend with now is ignorance as to the char- acter and quality of our product. Over half the people suppose that comb honey is manufactured, and a large part of the oth- er half believe that liquid honey is largely glucosed. The public need to be enlight- ened; and the quickest and surest way to do it is through the children. Get a child all fired up with enthusiasm, and he will tell his papa and mamma what wonderful things he has heard. Then he will want some pure honey, and his parents will have to get some, of course. I do not know whether Mr. Hershiser started this movement or not. I should not be surprised if he did. He has been iden- tified with quite a number of movements to educate the public concerning the whole- someness of honey. He has been elected to high offices in the National Association and in State organizations; was superintendent of the honey exhibits at the Pan-American, and at the New York State exhibit at the World's Fair in Chicago in 1893 He has something over 400 colonies, and his crop last year was between 17,000 and 18,000 lbs. Well fitted he is professionally as a lawyer, and practically as a bee-keeper, to act as lecturer on bees before the public schools of Buffalo. Mr. N. E. France, General Manager of the National Bee-keepers' Association, would make another good lecturer. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. •39 QUANTITY OR QUALITY. A Strong Plea for a Better Article of Extracted Hon- ey: Importance of Having All the Combs Seal° ed, and Left on the Hives; some Excellent Hints that will Bear Careful Reading. BY DAN WHITE. So far as saj'ing' any thing' through Gleanings is concerned. I have been silent a long time. Possibly I can not now^ say any thing that vrill be of any benefit to bee- keepers and readers; but you know we dif- fer, and have notions of our own. I have carefully noted from time to time theories, notions, and practical ideas advanced by the different writers. Valuable things have been brought out through the different writers, and we must admit advancement on m^ny lines. So it may be well to let all have their sa.y. Even if some of us are cranks, may be we can find something g^ood in what they have to say. Of course, I never thought honey covild be put in paper packagfs; but that very thing is being done, and it has been said right out plain in print that the honey put in pa- per must be well ripened. Now, if consumers will only catch on to this (and I believe they will) it will be a grand step in the way to educate the masses that a high-grade honey only ca.n be put up in paper, and the thin unripe stuff must be put in glass or tin. What I want to see is some way devisee) for extracted honey to stand up and speak for itself the same as a section of No. 1 comb honey shows up when in the market. I will go back and say something about my experience the two past seasons. All the surplus honey of 1902 came in in nine days, and in 1903 in about ten days. Now, if quantity had been my aim I should cer- tainly set the extractor in motion; but as quality is my motto, first, last, and all the time, this honey was left in the hives as usu- al until Auguit or September; but as these mrnths gave so few warm days suitable for extracting heavy honey, the most of the work was done in October. I hope no one will think I save labor by leaving my honey in the hives in this way. No, sir; I go through all sorts of trials and inconveniei ces. Uncapping combs of thick waxy horey, cross bees and robbers (espe- cially the two past seasons), en the alert for any move made about the apiary; but my main dtsire was gratified to know my cus- tomers as usual would get honey of the high- est quality, or, in other words, as good as liquid honey can be. Now. then, had I set the extractor in motion during this rapid flow I could have increased my yield in bulk and pounds. How easy this would have been! no robbers, no uncapping, thin honej', every thing- lovely. By extracting late, as is my custom, I estimate a shrink- ag-e of at least one third, principally by evaporation. I have heard it advocated that even com'> honey, by leaving it in the hives sever.'- 1 weeks, improves in quality, and I believe it. I go back to December, 1902, page 1019, and repeat the trials of a Wisconsin bee- keeper who produces more honey than he can sell. We note his experience with com- mission men, how he works his home mar- ket, and is at times sodisgusted and discour- aged that he feels like throwing his crop outdoors. He expects some one will endeav- or to soothe him by advising and talking about over-production. He claims a lack of confidence in the purity of what we offer for sale. He also notes a glimmer of light begins to illuminate the future of the bee- keepers, and that is the projected honey- producers' association. Again, on same page, but by another bee- keeper, he says wholesale marketing will be the only real aid through organization, or devoting our time to our home markets. We now note again some things said on page 1017 at the Chicago and Northwestern convention, and that is, co operation among bee-keepers for the purpose of selling hon- ey. All agree that, if comb honey is put upon the market properly, there will never be any trouble in selling it. Then, again, ihey go so far as to say the world has never seen the time when there was too much fancy white comb honey; but it is the liquid honey that is the drag, and it is this honey that needs help in selling. Now, I feel like rolling up my sleeves and taking the atti- tude of a prizefighter. Don't you know if liquid honey had always been put upon the market properly there would never have been any trouble in selling? Don't you know this big world has never seen the time when there wk^ enough Jine fancy white liq- uid honey? Don't you know there are some bee keepers scattered all through the coun- try, putting h' ney on the market that is just as far from the real thing as soup made from a rooster's shadow is from the real thing? Talk about educating the people! You might as well try to educate a calf to climb a telegraph-pole tail foremost as t*^ keep on in the same old way with liquid honey. There are many wrong ways and only one right way to do almost any thing. If I ever agree with co operative associa- tions or individuals they must go at this thing in earnest and look after quality in liquid honey. They must say to every man who extracts any thing and every thing from the brood-nest during a rapid honey- flow in order to stop swarming and give bees room, " We will not help you sell such stuff; but we will do every thing in our power to prevent your selling it." 540 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 But here comes a chap who sa3-s, "My honey was partially capped and ripened before extracting-." They must say, "No, sir," to him. "We are going- at this thing right now, and we v ill have nothing to do with a liquid honey that is not just as good in quality as it c.in be." This very way I am writing about has gradually educated the people in this sec- tion of the country, so I consider the dispos- ing of oOOOor 4000 pounds a very sm ill mdt- ter. I have seen the time when I was pret- ty well discjuraged peddling around from house to house; but the time finally cams when I had them educ ited so far as quality is concerned. Now, I wanted to do some more educat- ing, and that was that they m-ist buy a 12 pound gallon can, and I dropped the small paciages. Now I can sell a custom- er 12 pounds just as easily as I once did a small tumbler of hone} ; and here is a point worth looking after. Don't you know many have been educating the pe iple that honey is a luxury by using bjt Us and tumblers, in this way many times making extracted as dear as the best comb houe} ? One of these packages would find its way in a family. It was soon licked up by the children; then it would be a long time be- fore any more honey found its way in that house. You see, I want to find a market that will dispose of large quantities for my brother bee-keepers. What we want is to dispose of large quantities of honey in cities and villages where at present very little honey is consumed. I will now give my plan. I should certainly adopt it if I had a large surplus. I would get a small gaso- line-stove, and learn how to make small biscuit. I would go to city No. 1, call up- on a leading grocer, and ask him to ^et me start him in the honey trade. With his con- sent I would start my baking-oven. Then every customer would be invited to eat bis- cuit and honey. While they were eating, of course I would be talking. I would tell them we were going to have this very quali- ty of honey here for sale in gallon packages; give them the price, and show them that this was the way to buy cheaplj', and that they could afford to use it as liberally as any thing they use upon their table. I should certainly make some sales right on the spot. They would get suitable read- ing-matter from me, telling them all about liquid honey. I could tell them to let their neighbors know all about this good honey, and just where to find it, and give them to understand that they could always depend upon this fancy grade of honey sent di- rect from the bee- man to their grocer. I would label it "Nj. 1 Fancy Extracted Honey. ' ' Possibly I would stay in this place two or three days, when I would be ready for the next place. Now, when the bee-keepers organize or co- operate they can put a man on the road. Find out the bee- men who want help, and those who put up only No. 1 fancy honej', then secure a market for his product Com- missions will not be much when sold in this way. Then after the first seasor , marlets would be established for the following sea- son. Now, Mr. Editor, I have said much more than I expected to; but I want to add that I have, from time to time, sent for honey that cost m? double what it was worth, simph to sitisfy myself what quality of honey was being offered by tome who have mort honey than th< yean easily dispose of; and for years past I hnve never stepped in- to a grocery where 1 quid honey was in sight when I did not s.mple it. I am glad to say that I have found seme No. 1, but sorry to say more than h ilf was all the way from medium good to unripe stuff unfit to be cal ed honey. Is this way going to educ ite the misses to eat honey? I fear n t; acd can our ways be made better? New London. Ohio. [I wish our friends c-uld see Dm White and hear him talk, for he writes just as he talks. He is one of those sturdy practical dollar-and-cent bee-keepers whom it is a pleasure to meet. He does not write very often; but when he does he gives us some- thing that is like his h mey—/irsf class It is too true that much cf the honey that goes on the market is not ripened as it ought to be. The poor quality of some of the pure honey, and the vileness of the glu- cosed imitations on the market, have done much to disgust people with extracted honey. It is E. D. Townsend, of Michigan, who preaches and practices the same thing taught so forcibly and plainly by Mr. White ; namely, that honey must all be sealed and left on the hives until it attains that richness and flavor that is possible only when the bees have had time to ripen it as nature has designed they should. The extra price paid more than pays for the bother. Once in a while one of our correspondents writes an article that is so true and good that I feel like asking our readers to " paste it in their hats." This is one of them. Yes, I propose having it struck off in pamphlet form to be sent out with every extractor made by The A. I. Root Co.— Ed.] THE SHALLOW HIVE. An Interesting Discussion of this Question ; Sballow Hives and Double Brood-chambers ; a General Rejoinder to Critics. BY W. K. MORRISON. In spite of all that has been written re- ferring to the shallow hive, there are still some in the dark as to what it really is. Mr. Gill, for example, thinks it is too small, when, as a matter of fact, he uses a smaller one, in his own apiary. Mr. Grei- ner evidently thinks I am advocating- double 1904 CI.F.ANlvr.S IN HF.E CUL1LK1-. £41 brood chambers, wh ch is very fir from be- incT the case. Shallow hives are nothing' new. The tirst I ever saw was about 35 v2 lbs., gain I'a. Aug. 12, quite cold all day; weight 120 lbs., loss '2. Aug. 13, cool; warm; cool; weight 120 lbs. Aug. 14, rain; hazy; one swarm; weight 120 lbs. Aug. 15, cool; one swarm; warmer; weight 121 lbs., gain 1. Aug. 16, fine bee day; weight 127 lbs., gain 6. Aug. 17, fine bee day; weight 132 lbs., gain 5; one swarm. Aug. 18, warm; hot; shower; weight 134 54 lbs., gain 2/^. Aug. 19, warm and fine; weight 139 lbs., gain 4^. Aug. 20, warm and fine; one swarm; weight 142 lbs., gain 3. Aug. 21, warm and fine; weight 145 lbs , gain 3. Ausr. 22, warm and fine; weight 147 lbs., gain 2. Aug. 23, cloudy; cool; warmer; weight 148 lbs., gain 1. Aug. 24, warm day; one swarm; honey off; weight 95 lbs. Aug. 25, warm day; one swarm; weight 95 lbs. Aug. 26, warm day; weight 95 lbs. Aug. 27, rain all day; rain all night. Aug. 28. rain all day. Aug. 29, still raining; cool Aug. 30, clear; fair; warmer; weight 95 lbs. Aug. 31, clear; fair; warmer; weight 98 lbs., gain 3. ,". ■-. '-T-dgiaEjg :*.■-•' ' • ' * ■ ^^ ■^wSy^'^T^* ' jI ■ r.--5«3| ■■^agg^l "■""Sfci ^■ ■ *Kf — — ^ k> ; j^ 1 _ ^ 't ^^W'- % l^p 1 Bp^m.^^ • B. fr' FIXE OPENING FOR HONFY. Sep. 1. very warm all day; weight 101 lbs., gain 3. Sep. 2, very warm all day; weight 102 lbs., gain 1. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 545 Sep. 3, warm; cool; cloudy; weig-ht 103 'ij lbs , gain 1*2. Sep. 4, rain all day; weight 1U3 lbs., loss '2. Sep. 5, rain; cold; weight 102 ,'2 lbs., loss ' 2 . Sep. 6, rain; cold; weight 102 lbs. Sep. 7. weight 103'2 lbs., gain 1. Sep. 8, weight 104 lbs., gain 'i. Sep. y, weight 103 lbs., loss 1. Sep. 23, no weights were taken here; weight 101 '2. Sep. 24, heavy frosts; swarms all off; weight 101 '4. They were on the scales 109 days, out of which they made a gain in weight over the previous day of 63 days. Days in which ihey lost weight, 22. Days in which they held their own, 19. Dajs not weighed for several reasons, 5. On May 25, June 6 and 24, and Aug. 7, there were added 10, 10. 9, 25 = 54 lbs. in weight of supers and sections, to weights, and July 14 and 30, Aug. 24, Sept. 2+, there were taken away 86, 59, 53, 39=237 lbs., a difference in favor of gain of 183 lbs. The loss column figures 16 '2 lbs., and the gain column is 211-^4 — a difference of 195 '4 lbs., a difference of 12 '4 lbs., which may have crept in through the exchange of hive-bodies and empty sections at the time of swarming, July 14. There are other points in these weights and weather conditions worthy of pointing out, but my article is already quite long for a "sapling" like me, so I will leave it for the reader to study out. My first attempt at kodakery was made on the trip to and from the Denver conven- tion. I have spoiled lots of films since, and don't know it all yet; but herewith I send you a few '"snaps," mostly of my bee-yard and bees. I will begin at Nos. 1 and 2 by saying the swarm of bees is the same one in both cases. It weighs exactly 12'i2 lbs., and was the product of one queen. The hive from which they issued was a ten frame one, with four supers on. It seemed full of bees, yet often the swarm went out. The little five-year-old girl in Fig. 1 is Luella, my youngest of three girls, which is all the family we have. The boy (five years) in Fig. 2 is Reymon Meyers, a neighbor's boy. I did not intend to appear in the pic- ture; but the weight of the bees was too much for either to hold. Figs. 3 and 4 show our middle girl, Annet- ta, of 11 years. The view where she is sit- ting on the hive was taken with the view of getting a picture of the queen, which was in plain view at the time of pressing the button; but the print does not show her, so far as I can see with a low- power magni- fier. The colony back of her on the scales is the one from which the record of weights was taken in 1903, and was a daughter of the queen I got of you (in 1901, I think it was) . Fig 5 is my brother, Sam Hall, one of three brothers, who claims to have spoiled a good deal of hardtack forty years ago; and if he had been as good at shooting the enemy as he was for stowing away edibles (honey especially), the war would not have lasted nearly as long as it did. I am very busy, and have written this hastily. I hope to be over to meet you all at St. Louis this fall, but I am afraid I shall have to " dig up" the wherewith from some other source than the bee yard. How- ever, I may be surprised again, as I was last year. The winter's loss was very heavy, and only weaklings left— 95 out of 111 colonies. Hull, Iowa, May 9. [In order to understand this matter bet- ter, the reader will observe that the weath- er-record is for the forenoon and afternoon, the periods being separated by a semicolon. Thus, the record for May 23 means that it was showery at intervals, both forenoon and afternoon that day, with sunshine be- tween. Then follows the weight of the colo- ny and hive, with daily gain and loss, as the case may be. It was found to be im- practicable to put this record in columns, but we believe it will be perfectly intelligible with this explanation. This is a very interesting table, and I could only wish that friend Hall had only amplified a little more on the weather con- ditions and how they affect the amount of honey gathered per day. In a general way I glean this: That from warm to hot weath- er is favorable for nectar secretion providing the soil is moist. But the conditions of soil are not mentioned in the table; but I know it has a bearing. We may have the tem- perature ideal; but unless the ground is right, there will be no nectar. I observe, further, that cool or cold weather checks or stops nectar secretion. I was surprised, though, to see that the records f jr the hon- ey crop are no different after swarming. In some parts of the country, at least, swarm- ing takes place when the flow is light, or stops altogether when the flow is heavy. After a heavy rain we have been in the habit of assuming that there will be no nectar secretion for a few hours; but the scale weights here given do not bear out this assumption. Another interesting feature is that the season is very prolonged in friend Hall's locality. In and about Medina, most of the honey would come in in two weeks as a rule; and this is the condition that prevails in most of the Northern States where clover is the main dependence. Mr. and Mrs. Hall were in the bee keep- ers' car that went to Denver when the Na- tional convention was held there two years ago. I well remember they had a kodak to pick up scenes through the country. I am sorry for the man who does not enjoy a ko- dak, for he will miss a great de il of plea- sure in after li'^e that he might hive had by looking over the scenes of the years gone by; for they bring back many a pleasant memory. We have kodak pictures scattered all over the walls of our roDms upslaiis, cs- 546 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 pecially in the bo}''s room. He is shown at all ages, at his worst and at his best. Then there is another collection that shows m3' bee-keeping trips; and each picture re- calls a little history of some event or place. — Ed.] PECULIAR INSTINCTS OF BEES. The Importance of Getting Them Started Right ; a Very loterestiag Article. BY J. E. CRANE, On page 913, Dec. 15, 1898, the editor says, in his " Symposium on Fences and Plain Sections," " Last year we sent out a few of our fences with spaces less than f.^ (the width of perforated zinc). When the bees could not go through, we learned earlj' in the season that they were inclined to gnaw the space wider; and when once started to gnawing they would keep it up till the space would be widened to y% or even yi. inch." When I first read this paragraph it seem- ed a very proper way. not onl^' for account- ing for the gnawing of separators or fences, but also, if true (and there was no reason to doubt it), of accounting for some other things. "When ot.ce started to gnawing they would keep it up." Exactly! There is a good deal in getting bees started in either a good or a bad way. I was the more impressed with this when I looked over a large number of fences of my own. used during 1898, to see what I might learn. Instead of using all my fences with c'eats, I made a large number with small wooden p ns, driven through the slats to engage the edges of the sections. A few of these were made by boring a i\ hole through a piece of lumber before slicing it up into slats. As I used thin pegs or pins about ^s wide by jV thick, it left a little opening on each side of the pin through the slat— see photo- graph. Now, instead of the bees gnawing these holes larger they proceeded to stop them up with virgin wax. evidently early in the sea- son; and when once the \>&q.s, got started Vc^&y kept on, and not only filled up every hole each side of the pin projections, but between the edges of the slats, and also a good deal between the slats and edges of the sections. The photo shows how it was done if you look closel}'. Very few others out of several hundred, so far as observed, were filled up in this way with wax. The small holes started them; and when once started they kept on a A' ay beyond what reason or good judgment would dictate. Sometimes a colony seems almost to be governed by reason; again, by instinct; and, again, bv impulse or passion. Let us look farther at this instinct or im- pulse of bees that, when on:e started in anj' given line, keeps on. Those who handle bees know ho^v apt a colunj' of bees is, if it once begins to sting, to keep on. If a col- ony has killed a young queen I find it quite difificult to introduce another; even when you give it brood with which to rear its own queen it will sometimes keep on in its queenlessness. If a colony gets started early in the season in surplus boxes it is more likely to surpass others that hesitate before they go into supers. If I find one section in a super with pol- \ >w ■ -w vr ' mr •mn mr ■ ■*r ' "^ ^ •mr \ ^ *^, ■ • ••m W \ ■*m *?* v>. , *ir ■ ■ ■ m. ■■»■ - - * . ■C- :.:■- ■ ? m -, 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 547 len in it I am quite sure to find several. AlasI ihey got started to storing pollen in the wrong- place, and kept on. One colony g"ets started to gathering' pro- poli-. while another may be gathering hon- ey; and it does not stop when every crack and crevice is filled, but keeps right on smearing everj' j^int and frame and sec- tion; and even the c:)mbs in brood-chamber and super come in for a share of this sticky substance. When once a colon}' gets started or pre- pares to swrarm it requires vigorous tieat- ment to turn it from its purpose. I have taken away a 1 the brood and honey — j-es, and every brood comb from a colony, and yet it would swarm. This impulse is not always bad by an 3' means. During the season of 1897, when clover was in full bloom, and honey very abundant, and most hives had combs begun in supers yet but little finished, the flow of honey was from some cause (probably from too inuch rain) suddenly cut off; but the bees k<=pt on filling their supers with honey from their brood chambers, for some time after they could gather much from the fields. But there is another line along which, when bees once get started, they are apt to " keep it up," and that is the waj- they fin- ish off their combs. On the same page from which I quoted at the beginning of this article, I read, " I picked out two sam- ples of sections from Martin's honey; for I observed that, if one section in a case was ridged, all the sections in that case would show somewhat the same fault, thus indicat- ing that some bees are more inclined to ridge than others." Just so; and so some colonies are more likely to finish their combs in other ways when once they get started; as, for instance, sealing their surplus combs next to the wood. If we find one comb in a super finished perfectly we are likely to find most of the combs in the same super sealed in the same way; or if we find the first comb we take out not sealed around the edges, we are not likely to find many that are. On page 910, of the same issue, Mr. F. L. Thompson, in comparing the old style of sections with the plain sections, says: " So far we have had no experimenting lately published that was worthy of the name. Both kinds of sections to be compared should be in the same super." However it may be in other parts of our broad country, I can not tell; but I feel very sure that, in this section, such a method of experimenting would be very far from sat- isfactory, from the fact that, as bees begin to finish, ihey are likely to continue with- out much regard to our notions as to how it should be done, or whether the sections are plain or otherwise. Suppose we have two or more hives with supers that have half of their sections on one side plain between fences, whi'.e on the other side are old-style sections with solid separators, narrow enough so bees can pass both above and be- low them into adjoining sections. The bees will most likely finish all with but little difference. Should the bees begin to finish on the side with old sections it is not prob- able that the plain sections will be finished much better. Or if the bees commence to finish on the side with plain sections first, they will be likely to finish those on the other side in the same way. As was said of Mr. Martin's honej'. so of these: As you find one you are likely to find the rest in the same clamp. But if we fill one or two hundred clamps with one kind of box or separator, and as many more with another kind, and place them on our hives just as it happens, we shall be much more likely to secure results that will be more satisfactory. It is not very dilficult to aver- age the different lots after they are ready for market. Again, if we feed bees with cappings or other refuse honey, and they get " started" on it while yet there is honey to be had in the fields, they are ready to leave field work for this artificial feed, to their own disadvantage. Once more, if a colonj' gets "once start- ed " to robbing we all know the result. They are apt to leave honest industry and follow the bee keeper from hive to hive; and every time a comb is exposed they pounce upon it, making more trouble than they are worth; and when "once started " thej' are almost sure to " keep it up." From the foregoing will be readily seen the importance of getting bees started in best way, and keeping them from getting started wrong. Middlebury, Vt. [I doubt not that your article will recall to the minds of manj' of our practical bee- keepers many cases similar to those to which you allude. In the production of comb honey I soon found that it was very important to get the bees started early in the supers; that, when once started, the colony would go on working without clus- tering out, ard pile in the honey as long as there is any to be obtained. A colony that fusses around, has its brood- nest packed full of honey, and will not go into the su- pers, will, unless made to go to work some- how, loaf a good part of the season. Again, if a colony is once stirred up to sting, it is liable to be for ever after nerv- ous — at least so far as I have noticed. We had once one colony that was near the driveway, very peaceable; but after it was bumped by a wagon- wheel it was so ob- streperous that we had to move it away from the roadway. In a similar way we have a path right down in the center of our bee yard. If a colony on this path once gets used to the walking back and forth, it will give but little trouble the entire season. In this way we might multiply hundreds of instances. This same rule that applies to Apis ■}}iellijica applies with even more force to the human race. The young man who starts out right, keeping good company, and is never too big to go to church and 548 CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 Sunday-school, has a very much better chance in life than the other one who thinks it is "smart" to be "out with the boys nights" and "have a good time." He is pretty apt to keep on being out all his life when he gets started to doing so. They say it does 'em no harm, and if it does they can quit. Few there are who begin sowing " wild oats " quit, sober down, and make men that are an honor to community. — Ed.] FENCES OR SEPARATORS WITH TRANSVERSE OPENINGS. Mr. J. T. Calvert: — In April 15th Glean- ings 1 note that you advertise the Hyde- Scholl separator or fence as you are pleased to call it. In the summer of 1898 Mr. Scholl and myself experimented with a great many forms of separators, with the result that we brought out the separator with both longitu- dinal and transverse slots as has been il- lustrated. For the old-style A}i section the problem was easy, and satisfactorily ac- complished with our No. 1 separator, and open four-side sections. For the Ideal sec- tion we added wood spacers, which proved unsatisfactory, and we then tried and suc- cessfully used tin spacers. For various reasons I recognized that the 4X5 section was in the lead, and I last year went about to adapt our separator to the 4X5 section. I was working on the problem when Mr. Calvert paid me his visit. I showed him my plans, and he suggested other slight changes, the principal one being the use of tin on the upright slots. As the separator stands, it is well adapted to the Danz. su- per arrangemcL t, and it can be easily adapt- ed to other arrangements of the 4X5-section super. When we have further improved and done away with the wood cleats at the ends, and arranged for passageway for end sections, as well as middle, we shall have ' it right. We are figuring on a modification of the Danz super that will accommodate this idea. As the separator stands, it is by far the best separator or fence on the mar- ket. The superiority of the separator rests mainly in the upright slots and the manner of spacing. By this arrangement we do away with the wood-cleat spacers, which invariably cause the sections to be rounded off on the edges as well as promoting pop- holes. With this separator honey is finish- ed cf¥ clear up to the wood, and there are few if any detestable pop holes. It is need- less to say that the arrangement also pro- motes freer communication and better super work generally. Mr. Calvert is wrong in calling this a fence, for it is not a fence in any particular. It is a separator, pure and simple, and as such it should be called a separator, re- gardless ot whose name you attach to it. From reports it would seem that Mr. Scholl and myself are not the original in- ventors of this principle applied in the sep- arators; however, certain it is that we were not aware of such previous invention. Such, if an}', had not been heralded before the bee- keeping world. We are the first to make known to the bee-keeping world gen- erally the principles applied in our separa- tor, and as such we demand full and fair credit for the same. It is a foregone conclusion that our princi- ples will be applied to all separators in the future, and as such we demand that such separators be known as the Hyce Scholl. This separator, and the honey produced with the same, will be on exhibition at St. Louis, and we hope that as many bee-keep- ers as possible will examine and criticise the same. We believe it is a good thing, and are anxiovis for the bee-keepers to have the invention for what it is worth. Floresville, Tex. Homer H. Hyde. [It is no doubt true that you were not aware of any previous invention antedating the Hyde-SchoU separator; but when you say that you were the " first to make known to the bee-keeping world generally the principles applied in our separator" you are not quite CDrrect. In the Bee-keepers' Review for December, 1897, a separator is shown and described by L. A. Aspinwall, of Jackson, Michigan, which embodies all the principles in your separator save one — that of using horizontal slots. This arti- cle of Mr. Aspinwall's was the result of mature thought that had been worked out some time before — how many years or months 1 do not know; but do know that he had used the plain section seme eight or nine years before any general mention of them was made in the bee papers; and the probabilities are that he had used his sep- arator for nearly that length of time. The Aspinwall device has the transverse per- pendicular openings opposite the uprights of the sections on each side, cleats, or projec tions on the separator, and the openings at the ends of the super exactly the sama as in the Hyde- Scholl fence. In this article he goes OD to give his reasons for such open- ings very fully. Your article di scribing the Hyde-SchoU fence did not appear until just about a year afterward, and that was in the December 15th Gleanings, 1898. Along about the same time, Mr. J. K. Crane, of Middlebury, Vt., was working on the same proolem, and on December 24, 1898, filed an application for a patent cov- ering the raised pi ejections on different planes in a separator or fence. The patent was finally allowed. May 2, 1899. It is very broad, and covers the Hyde Scholl fence, using metal projections, completely. We have, therefore, made arrangements to 1O04 GLEANINGS IN HEE CULlUKh. 549 paj- Mr. Crane royalty for all fences made. We have adopted the name H3de-Scholl. because such construction of fence was known better to our trade than the Aspin- wall; but in reality the separator is more an Aspinwall than a Hyde-Scholl; in fact, it might ver}' properly be called after Mr. Aspinwall. Regarding the name "fence" and "sep- arator," there are trade reasons why all the division appliances between plain sec- tions should be called fences, and those be- tween beeway sections should be called sep- arators. In our opinion, the Hyde-Scholl fence is just as much a fence, if not more a fence, than a separator. It is made up of a series of slats, and resembles very much fences that are used to inclose lots and farm lands. It would be very confusing to the trade to speak of this appliance as a sepa- rator, as the bee-keeping world has come to associate a separator with something that is used between the old-style sections; and we could not consent in our catalog matter to change the name, as it would lead to no end of confusion among our dealers and customers. The question of priority in inventions is a pretty complicated one, and it very often happens that the real inventor of an idea, or the one who contributes the most to a perfected appliance, does not have his name attached to it, simply because trade reasons require the use of the old name to avoid confusion. If we give full credit on this new separator we should attach also the names of Mr. J. E. Crane and Mr. L. A. Aspinwall; thus, Aspinwall-Crane-Hyde- SchoU fence. Such a name would be a long-tailed abomination, to say nothing about the trouble in referring to it and bill- ing it on invoices. But you and Mr. Scholl deserve credit for hanging to this idea and cDntinuing to use it, thus bringing it before the bee-keeping world when it might other- wise have been dropped and forgotten. Your persistent advocacy of the principles entitles you properly to the use of the name Hyde-Scholl, as applied to this particular form of separator, lor ycu were the iritro- ducers, if not the original inventors, of the main principles of it. — Ed.] STAYING UP FOUNDATION WITH WOOD SPLINTS. Dr. Miller: — 1. Excuse me if I ask you a few questions. Would you please explain to me how you use your splints in fastening foundation? Perhaps you might tell me to get your Forty Years Among the Bees. Well, I surely will later on. 2. I also have some shallow frames with a saw-kerf, but I really don't Inow how to fasten the foundation in them. 3. Where did you purchase your splints? Melz. Wis. Fred Strohschein. [Dr. Miller replies:] 1. I quote from Forty Years Among the Bees, page 87: The foundation is cut so as to make a close fit in length, and the width is about half an inch more than the inside depth of the frame. The frame is all complete except that one of the two pieces of the bottom-bar is cot yet nailed on. The frame is laid on a board of the usu- al kind, whici fits inside the frame, atd has stops on the edges so that, when foun- dation is laid on the board, it will lie cen- trally in the frame. The half of the bot- tom-bf ard that is nailed on lies on the un der side. The foundation is put in place, and one edge is crowded into the saw kerf in the top bar. Then the lacking half of the bottom-bar is put in place, and a light nail at the middle is driven down through both parts. Then the frame is raised, and the ends of the two halves of the bottom-bar are squeezed together so as to pinch the founda- tion, and nailed there. Then the usual wedge is wedged into the fine saw-kerf in the top-bar. Now we are ready for the important part. Little sticks or splints, about j^ inch square, and about % inch shorter than the inside depth of the frame, are thrown into a square shallow tin pan that contains hot beeswax. They will froth up because of the moisture frying out of them. When the frothing ceases, and the splints are saturat- ed with wax, then they are ready for use. The frame of foundation is ; aid on the board as before. W^ith a pair of pliers a splint is lifted out of the wax (kept just hot enough over a gasoline- stove), and placed upon the foundation so that the splint shall be perpendicular when the frame is hung in the hive. As fast as a splint is laid in place, an assistant immediately presses it down into the foundation with the wetted edge of aboard. About l'^ inches from each end-bar is placed a splint, and be- tween these two splints three others at equal distances ... A little experience will enable one to judge, when patting in the splints, how hot to keep the wax. If too hot there will be too light a coating of wax. 2. If there are two saw-kerfs side by side, crowd the foundation into the larger kerf, and then crowd the wedge (that came with the frame- stuff, into the narrower kerf. If there is only one kerf, crowd in the founda- tion, and then drop a few drops of melted wax along the foundation and top-bar, so as to hold it there till the bees fasten it se- curely. Instead of dropping the melted wax, you can crowd a waxed string into the kerf beside the foundation. 3. From the A. I. Root Co. wintering well in danzenbaker hives; shutting bees up at spraying time. My bees went through the winter well; that is, those in the ten-frame hives. I lost a few hives of eight-frames, but did not lose a single ten-frame colony. This has converted me to the ten-frame Danzenbaker hive. What shall I do when it is time to spray apple-trees? W^ould it be advisable to close the entrance of the hives for a day or so un- 550 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 til the white arsenic has dried ou the blos- soms? This is the center of ihe Wellhouse apple district, and everybody sprays his trees. Arthur E. Moorhead. Leavenworth, Kan., April 23. [We have had uniformly favorable reports of good wintering' in Daczenbaker hives outdoors. We attribute this to the closed- end frames, which are warmer. If you have no law in 3'our vicinity against spraying trees while in bloom, it maj' be advisable, possiblj% to close up the en- trances while the trees are being sprayed; but it will not be advisable to keep them closed more than two days, probably. Pos- sibly you can make arrangements with your neighbors to spray all at one time, ou one or two days, if you can not induce them to spray before and after blooming. I send you literature which will give you some solid facts against spraying while in bloom; and if your neighbors, the fruit- growers, are reasonable and fair men they would be willing to give these statements ])roper consideration. We shall be glad to furnish any of our readers facts about spraying. — Ed.] VIRGINS HATCHING IN WIRE CAGES; HOW TO KKEP THEM FROM STARVING. Will you please tell me how you manage to have your virgins hatch in the wire cages used by you, and have the bees feed them until you use them, and not kill them? I have tried several lots this year, and invari- ably the bees have let the virgins die after they hatched. I have tried both queenless colonies and upper stories above the exclu- der. Piease advise me. H. H. Hvde. FloresviUe, Tex. [This was referred to our apiarist, who is at present attending college. He replies:] Perhaps if I thoroughly understood the conditions under which Mr. Hyde is work- ing, I should be sooner able to ascertain the cause of his failure along the line he indi- cates. The statement of a few fundamental details, however, may reveal the cause of his trouble, and be helpful to o'lhers as well. Whether the colonies used for incubating the cells are queen-right or queenless, they must be strong, and the cells should be placed in a populous part of these. As ex- plained in " Modern Queen-rearing, " where virgins are to be he:d over for a longer pe- riod, queenless colonies give better results. However, I have been completely success- ful by leaving them in the middle of any normal colony. On page 27 of "Modern Oueen-rearing" an important point is mentioned; viz., that of keeping the cages supplied with fresh candy. There are times when, for some reason or other, even queenless bees do not feed the caged virgins sufficiently. Well, in these circumstances a large percentage die. Now, when ripe cells are to be caged, the bee keeper should ovei haul the nursery- cages and see that they are supplied with good soft candy. (The peculiar couatruc- tion of the Titoff cage renders this very easy.) Old hard candy is little better than none at all. I should not be surprised if Mr. Hyde's trouble is in this direction. Again, queen-cells should be removed soon after the virgins hatch. They have an un- pleasant habit of crawling again into them and endeavoring to eat their way out at the base of the cell — a rather difficult job, by the wa}-, when the cell is farmed in a hard wood block Often I have examined cells which I thought were defective, only to find the wrong end of a virgin queen turned in the direction of the open apex, and the top end nearly tunneled out. Let me say here that this is a comparatively rare occurrence in the Titofif cage. Still it may happen even in this, and the best way is to rtmove the cells. Another point that might be mentioned, though indeed one that ought to be so obvi- ous as hardly to need mentioning, is that the tin slide must cover the candy-hole when the cages are used as nurseries. Neglect this and is it not plain that the bees will soon eat away the candy, and be in posses- sion of them? And then the virgins or cells — where will they be? Geo. W. Phillips. Denison University, O. A HANDY device FOR NAILING UP HIVES, SUPERS. ETC. Having seme 70 chaff hives and as many single wall hive-bodies, as well as 7.^ comb- honey supers to nail up this winter, and as they must all be square, I did not like the idea of using a common square to gauge all this work. I made a combined square and work-table (see cu) which I believe has saved me several days' time this winter al- readj'. I find it almost impossible to nail the hand-holds firmly on to the chaff hives after the hives are nailed up, on account of the lumber being so ihin, so I nail the cleats on the end boards, first placing a piece of thin lumber about 2 by 5 or 6 inches on the under side. These strips can be made of crating material. I then drive three \%- inch and two 1'4-inch nails through the hand hole into this strip of wood. The ob- ject of this strip of wood is to stiffen the hold. The square referred to above is made of a two-inch plank with an inch 1904 GLEAXIXGS IN BEE CULTURE. 551 board nailed on each side, leaving- a crack two or three inches wide in the middle to accommodate thcFe hand-holes. If you have no section- press 3'ou will find it convenient to use something- of this kind in folding them. F. J. Strittmatter. Bradley Junction, Pa. SHALL HOUSE-APIARIES BE REGARDED AS OBSOLETE? I notice with much interest what Mr. Fred H. Loucks says of the house-apiary, in last Gleanings, April 15. Recent ex- periences with me have been such as to place the house-apiarj' in much favor. I think it would be a misfortune if any thing that favors a modern house- apiary should be dropped from a revised edition of the A B C. I believe that the day of the more general use of house-apiaries is fast ap- proaching, especially in cold climates. I shall be glad if Mr. Loucks' advice is heeded. L. C. Root. Stamford, Conn., April 28. [ I possibly gave a wrong impression re- garding matter that appears or does not ap- pear in our new A B C of Bee Culture on the general subject of house apiaries. At Mr. Salisbury's request we omitted all reference to his particular house, but left in the other matter, all of which might be considered quite favorable to the house-apiary. We have since received reports from others who have been using the Salisbury building, and who are much pleased with it. I am not sure but that a part of this matter re- lating to the Salisbury house apiary will have to be reinstated in some future edition of the ABC. In the meantime I should be glad to hear from others of our readers. I should, perhaps, explain that Mr. Root is also the author of a bee- book, a very excel- lent one, and one of the veterans in our bee- ranks. His opinion on any question should have some weight. — Ed.] COPULATION OR FERTILIZATION MORE THAN ONCE — WHICH? The article from the pen of Prof. Frank Benton on page 385, on the mating of a queen more than once, is certainly very in- teresting; but in the cases mentioned it seems hardly to answer the question, " Does a queen mate more than once?" What is usually understood by this question is, does a queen that has mated and been laying until the eggs become unfertile, mate again? The cases cited rather go to show copula- tion without fertilization till the last act is performed; so, also, in the case noted by Mr. Baier, on the following page. There seems to have been serious interruption of the natural functions, so that it can scarce- ly be said that there was more than one mating. Is it not possible that a queen might meet a drone incapable of producing fertilization? Shall the male bee be made an exception to the rule as we find it among others of the animal kingdom? This is cer- tainly an interesting subject for thought, and will be likely to attract the attention of those who are making a careful study of the occupants of the hive. W. M. Whitney. Lake Geneva, Wis., April 19. [The point you raise is one worthy of con- sideration. Perhaps Prof. Benton can en- lighten us further. — Ed.] A NORMAL QUEEN THAT LAID EGGS ON THE SIDE OF THE CELL. On page 377, in regard to queens not be- ing able to lay eggs in the bottom of the cell, I had a very large queen that laid eggs on the side of the cells, and I slic d ofl" a part of the cells so that they were only one- third the original depth, and the queen laid the eggs in the bottom of the cells, and the eggs were matured and capped over all right. I think there are many of the most valuable queens that are discarded on ac- count of the cells being too small for the nicest and largest queens to use on account of the very smill cells. As long as the queen-breeders aim to get the largest queens possible, there has not been any desire or much thought given to making the cells larger to accommodate their size. If you ever have a queen that lays eggs on the side of the cells, give her some larger comb and she will lay them in the bottom of the cells all right. Eagle Grove, la. C. K. Carter. [The case described is not common. The great majority of queens that lay eggs on the sides of the cells are not good for any thing. If their eggs hatch at all they will develop into drones. Our large experience in queen-rearing has shown this to be the rule. — Ed.] FOUNDATION SMELLING OF KEROSENE; CAN IT BE USED? Having had the misfortune to have some kerosene get on some of my foundation, and not knowing what to do with it, I thought I would write you about it. It seems to evap- orate, but the foundation has a flowery ap- pearance. Do you think it can be used, or must it first be purified with acid? Bees are in good condition; temperature rather low, ranging from 45 below to 20 above since Oct, 15; no flight since. Dorchester, Wis., Feb. 19. Wm. Ueck. [I do not think the kerosene will hurt your foundation. Give it to the bees, any way, this summer. If they refuse to touch this, and take other foundation, let us hear from you further. — Ed.] DO OUEEN- EXCLUDING HONEY- BOARDS RE- TARD WORK IN COMB-HONEY SUPERS? I have been a reader of Gleanings for 18 years, off and on, and I should like to ask one question through it ; and that is 1 his : Does it retard the bees from working in the 5^2 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 sectior s by using' the queen-excluding hon- ey-board between the sections and the brood- nest when working for comb honey? Last year I had some trouble by the queen getting into the sections. In other words, can you get more honey without using- one? W. H. Dickinson. Middleton, Conn., Jan. 28. [There is a diflFerence of opinion on this question. The g-reat majority do not con- sider that excluders are necessary when running for comb honey if fall brood-nest be allowed. If contracted they are almost a necessity. I should like to hear from our subscribers on the point raised by our cor- respondent. I ma}', say however, that, in the production of extracted honej', exclud- ers are generally considered quite essen- tial since brood or extracting combs are more tempting to the queen than section boxes with foundation. — Ed.] A PECULIAR CASE OP SOURED HONEY. Quite a lot of bee-keepers have sold some honey to Pomona merchants which either was not ripe (something very unusual in California) or else there is some strange at- mospheric condition prevalent which tends to start fermentation in honey. Last sea- son's honey, as well as honey kept over from 1902 crop, was already granulated solid, but became liquid again, and then started fermentation ( according to the state- ment of parties interested) . I suggested that perhaps there was some soldering-acid left in the tins used, which started the mischief. Well, the trouble is that quite a number of merchants complain that honey on their hands dots not keep in good condition this year (extracted only, as comb honey has given no trouble). Now, we want to know what can be done to this honey to make it salable. Will cooking take out the sour- ness? Can it be fed to bees without bad results? What do you do in such a case? M. R. KUEHNE. Pomona, Cal., Mar. 14. [Heating soured honey helps it somewhat. After it has been cooked, if the bees will take it in warm weather I do not think it would do any harm. If they will not do any thing with it, the only thing to be done is to convert it into honey vinegar. As to the cause of this sourness, whether the hon- ey was taken oft" green, whether soldering- acid got into it, or whether the source from which it was gathered had some effect on it, I leave our California friends, who may be in possession of information, to answer. — Ed.I from one to a hundred. A fourth-inch hole was punched in each tag near the edge, and they were then hung on a brad on the sides of the hives, while a correspoading number in my book showed the record of each queea. They are not expensive, and the man wh) mikes your stencils can furnish them. I like the system better than any that I have ever seen; for instance, if hive number eight should cast a swarm, I hive the swarm in a new hive, lift off the check and hang it on the new hi e, and my book- record still holds good. I simply place a new check on old number eight, and make another record in my book. Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind., Mar. 7. [The only objection to these brass tags is that the numbers would be inconspicuous. They ought to be plain enough to be seen quite a distance away. — Ed.] brass tags for hive- numb BRING. I notice that there is a demand for a better system of keeping a record of hives in the bee yard. Wnen I kept my bees in Ohio I used a system which I bel eve will interest 30U. I secured 100 brass tags about the size of a half-dollar, numbered instinct; cooked nuts vs. meats. Friend Root: — In regard to instinct or prudence impelling bees to remain in their hives, page 1010, my opinion is that the field bees were practically all destroyed; and by the time the younger generation were of suitable age to go to the field the hawks were gone. Page 1012, Dec. 1. in rearard to a circle of bees around a queen preventing her from la3'ing, it occurs to me that these bees were nothing more nor le.ss than her retinue or nurse-bees, with the most friendly intent. Page 1019. same issue, Mr. Lathrop's ar- ticle on uncooked foods as compared with meats, I should like to ask if the oil con- tained in the English walnut, and freshly roasted peanuts, would not represent in a certain degree the oil contained in meat, es- pecially if the meat contains any fat. This would certainly be true of the roasted pea- nuts, as the roasting changes them materi- ally from nature. I know people (of the same denomination referred to in A. I. R.'s article, page 1015) who substitute peanuts for both meat and butter; in other words, the}' make a sort of butter out of them I am not setting myself up over older or wis- er heads; but these thoughts just occurred to me while reading the last issue. Hillsboro. Wis. Elias Fox. [Peanut butter has come to be quite an article of commerce. At our house we use quite a little of it as a relish to spread on bread and butter. Just how far nuts can take the place of meat in a diet I am not prepared to say; but I have learned from experience that, when I am all "run down." there is nothing that does the work of building up like clear lean .beef. It is the natural food of man, and, when prop- erly cooked and properly proportiofied with other foods, there is no article of diet that quite takes its place. I believe I have a right to speak from experience, as I have "been there" — not once but several times, and I have seen its effects on others. — Ed.] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 553 DO CALIFORNIA LIZARDS KILL BEES? Have 3'ou any knowkdpfe cf lizards being destructive to the strength of colonies? In my apiary, which is situated in the foot- hills of the San Fernando Vallej', there are la'ge numbers of the small variet}-, about six inches in length. In fact, I do* not think I exaggerate when I say that at least one could be found about any of the hives. I have been told by several bee men that they do not eat the bees — at any rate the live ones — and so accepted this as a fact until the other da}-. While eating my luncheon in the shack at the apiary I no- ticed, when I commenced, that there were several bees buzzing on the window; also that a lizard was scurrying about inside the shade. In the course cf a short time I observed that there was but one bee left, and came to the conclusion that the various scurries I had heard had meant that each denoted the end cf a bee, so I cetermined to pay particular attention to what became of this last one. After a short wait I heard snother scramble, and the buzz of the last bee had ceased. Gently raising and look- ing under the shade I saw the lizard with the bee in its mouth. It was holding the head and bodj-, up to the thorax, in its mouth, with the abdomen out, under side up, the bee vainly thrusting its sting in the air. While watching, it began a series of quick side rubs on the curtain until it event- ually severed the abdomen, which fell to the flcxjr, while it swallowed the portion held in its mouth. I am convinced that there were at least five bees on the window when I sat down, so there was ocular proof that, within a quarter of an hour, this lizard had made away with that number. I do not believe they will attack a bee at the en- trance to the hive, having often noticed that they cress the alighting-board at a rapid rate; but I do believe that they make away with many that may crawl on the sides or top cf a hive. Some time ago I found one dead inside the hive on the bottom- board, with a number of stings in its body, which would show that, although of the cold-blooded order of reptiles, they are susceptible to the sling of the bee. I would add that this particular lizard had apparently no relish for the dead bees, as there were manj on the ledge of the window, but evidentl}' preferred, at the expense of the labor and haz ird of the sting, to have his meat fresh. E. W. Moore. Soldiers' Heme, Los Angeles Co., Cal. [I have seen the lizards in California; but those that I saw seemed to be perfectlj' harmless, and my bee-keeping friends so regarded them. Some of them grew to be quite tame and would almost let one pet them oa the head, for I thought them quite pretty. But it is possible these same crea- tures were not so innocent as they looked, and on the sly would gobble up bee after bee. I should like to hear from some of our California friends who may have any thing to offer on this subject. — Ed.] PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA FOR HONEY AND FODDER. Some questions have been asked about Phacelia iauacefi folia, whether this plant would be good for fodder. This plant is very good for fodder and honey in the North- ern States where alfalfa can not be grown to advantage. Alfalfa ha<5 many advan- tages over phacelia. Alfalfa is perennial; can be cut from three to six times a year, and brings each time from one to one and one half tons of hay per acre. Alfalfa, even if cut late, will still make fine ha^'. Phacelia is an annual, and it can be cut only once or twice in the same year. The first time it should be cut for ha}-, just when commencing to bloom fully, giving the bees about oi e week's time to work for honey. If the season brings moisture in sufficient quantities, as is general in the Northern States, I believe it will bring a second cut, which may be used for honey and seed. I have not tried it here, especially for such a second crop, as we we have not sufficient moisture in this coun- try, but I have seen it produce new growth near ditches where I had cut off some for experiment, and this new growth produced again flowers and seed. Phacelia will make fine hay for all kinds of stock, if cut not too late, say when blooming about from one to two weeks. If a country is suitable for alfalfa, this fodder will bring much larger returns than phacelia. Otto Luhdorff. Visalia, Cal., April 9. A SUCCESSFUL USE OF FORMALIN. Having read about formalin for disinfect- ing foul-broody combs, last January I fu- migated about ten hive- bodies and combs, some containing honey, and to-day there are no signs of disease among the bees in the fumigated hives. I am fumigating all supers this season; but I find if the combs are not well aired the bees leave them and their brood to take care of themselves. Ohau, New Zealand. E. J. Pink. dividing at the time OF TRANSFERRING. I should like to ask a question or two. I have several swarms in box hives to trans- fer. Some of them are very strong. Can I, or would it be advisable when I transfer them, to divide them and make two swarms out cf one? I should like to have a few more swarms. S. W. Gray. [If increase is desired, this can be done to afl vantage. — Ed.] A KINK IN wiring. I have followed using full sheets of light brood foundation in wired brood- frames for several years. I have tried different ways of wiring; but my best results have been obtained by using four horizontal wires drawn moderately tight (the top ones being drawn most), and putting the lower wire 554 gl:eanings in bee culture. June 1 not less than lyi inches above the bottom- bar, with the others spaced to suit. Buck- ling is usually between the two lower wires; and raising- the lower wire will obviate its buckling there by giving a weight of bees below the lower wire while drawing out the foundation. Newton Dotson. Summersville, W. Va., Jan. 14. [All things considered, we prefer our- selves this plan. — Ed.] CYPRESS AS A HIVE MATERIAL. I want to tell j'ou that j'ou are much mis- taken when 3'ou think white pine the most suitable lumber for hives, page 436. We have cypress here in plenty, and I think it is pretty generally distributed everywhere, or at least as much so as white pine. Cy- press is superior to pine, at least in our Southern States. I have some hives in use made 18 years ago, and which have been in use ever since, and are in good condition, and have never been painted except once. They have only a square or box joint. You can buy cypress, clear boards, here at the mill for $20 to $25 per 1000, rough. I make my hives and frames from it. It is soft, and doesn't split if the right size of nails is used, or no more than white pine. Here is what the Kretchmer Mfg. Co., of Red Oak, Iowa, says: " A few facts why cypress is the best lumber. It will last longer than any other. It is the only wood impervious to acid. It does not shrink nor swell like other wood. It does not warp nor twist when exposed. It has not the knots and defects found in other lumber. It is lighter; hence less freight." I can indorse the above, and hope you will give this excellent hive material a fair showing. I haven't any cypn ss to sell, but can send you a sample of our southern cy- press. It may be different from what you used to make sash-frames of. Pearson, Ga. G. B. Crum. [Cypress as a hive material is all right, and under many conditions may be better than white pine, but under others is not as good. "When I spoke of pine as being the better of the two, I meant at the price. Cy- press in the region of most of the bee -hive factories would cost considerably more than white pine. The freight on it from the South to the North would make it quite prohibitive for bee-hive work; and even in your locality, while it seems plentiful, the aggregate supply would be very limited for general purposes. — Ed.] FRESH PAINT TO STOP ROBBING; RUBEROID FOR HIVE- COVERS. I have a remedy that never fails me for robbing. I take a paint- brush and dip it in a bucket of paint, and draw it across the alighting-board, and sometimes paint the front end of the hive. This may be an old remedy with some, but I don't remem- ber seeing it in print. I was interested in what Dr. Miller had to say in regard to ruberoid for hive covers. I have had three years' experience with it, not for covers, but for the deck on top of my house, and three porches, which are covered with it. It makes a perfect roof — no odor after »the first season. It must be put on a solid smooth surface, as any vibration will cut it out. The weight is about the same as building paper of the same thickness. Whiteside, Mo. S. W. Smiley. [Fresh paint to stop robbing would prob- ably do very well if the robbing had not progressed too far. Bees dislike carbolic acid about as much as any thing; and I have noticed that mild cases of robbing can be stopped by smearing the entrances with such solution; but nothing, apparently, will stop it when the bees get to going to such an extent that those in the rear crowd those in front on to an offensive substance like paint or carbolic acid. After all, the best cure by all odds is the old-fashioned one of prevention — keeping the entrances of the right size, so that the inmates of the hive can make a proper defense in the first place. — Ed ] SAPOLIO FOR REMOVING PROPOLIS. Did you ever try sapolio for removing propolis from the hands? Just rub a cake over yovxr hands, and the propolis will dis- appt ar as by magic. It has just enough grit in it to remove the dirt, and it will make a lather too. It is better than lava soap for the purpose. S. G. Kilgore. London, Ohio. [I never tried it, but I am sure it would work. I do know that lava soap is excel- lent for taking off propolis. — Ed.] TWO QUEENS IN ONE CELL. As I was cutting out queen- cells from a hive last summer I found one cell that had two queens in it. They were white in color, and I judged they would ha'ch in two or three days. Both were perfectly developed queens in a cell capped over. Did you ever hear of a case like it before? Knoxville, Iowa. John R. Millard. [Has any one of our readers seen any thing like this before? — Ed.] HONEY NOT GRANULATING IN SEVERE COLD. On page 181 Mr. J. F. Orishaw speaks of honey not granulating in severe cold. I had the same experience this winter for about two months, but in the last two weeks we have had mild weather, and the honey is granulating now. M. W. Harrington. Williamsburg, la., March 7. [Your experience is quite in line with our own and that of a number of others who have reported on this question during the last three or four months. — Ed] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 555 Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not.neitherdo they spin; and yet I say unto you that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.— Matt. lj;28, 29. How amiable are thy tabernacles, O Lord of hosts!— Psalm 84:1. It has often been remarked that we have no record that the Savior when here on earth ever smiled. I feel sure, however, that he did, and that thej' must have been wtnning^&miles ; and it has occurred to me that perhaps one reason whj' so many were willing to "leave all and follow " him was because of that wondrous divine and winning smile, or per- haps a pleasant kindly light from his eyes. It is probably true, however, that he did not give much attention to many things that greatly interest us at the present day. One of the infidel writers says Jesus was a sad- faced, disappointed man. This writer ap- paren ly never dreamed that the holy scrip- tures tell us he was a "man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief." And is it to be wondered at, dear friends, that his life was sad and sorrowful when he realized that the sins of the world rested for the time on his feeble human shoulders? Is it at all strange that he had but little sympathy with the frivolities, to say nothing of the sins, of hu- manity? Before I leave this matter I wish to say that, in my opinion, notwithstanding his sadness and sorrow, there was what might almost be called a vein of pleasant ry running through his whole life. Early in his work he attended a wedding. He believed in weddings, and liked to see people get mar- ried. I do not know but this is one reason why I feel glad whenever I hear of two young people of the proper age uniting their fortunes. At this wedding, you may re- member, his mother came to him mentioning the predicament they were in, in the way of refreshments. His reply would almost seem rude — ^" Woman, what have I to do with thee? Mine hour is not yet come " — were it not for the fact that he immediately performed that wonderful miracle. She d id not take the remark as unkind, because she turned to the servants right after, saying, " Whatsoever he saith unto you, do it." Now, I think this rough speech of his was more playfulness and pleasantry than disrespect. I should not be surprised if he gave his mother one of those wondrous smiles when he said it, so that, instead of feeling hurt, it may have made her mother- ly heart bound with joy, for s/ie, at least, knew of his divine mission. Once more, when the Syro-Phenician woman came to him, beseeching him to heal her daughter, the disciples urged him to send her away; and he himself finally replied to her impor- tunities that he was " not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel;" nd perhaps he turned away from her; but no one can for a moment suppose he intended to rebuke her and hurt her feelings in that \v ay. My opinion is that this woman, by her womanly intuition, and prompted by the love for her child, saw through this as- sumed unfriendliness, and read the kindly thoughts and feelings that were beneath the surface. Is it not possible the dear Sav- ior, amid all his cares and burdens, some- times dropped back into what we might al- most call boyish playfulness? It seems to me this woman, with a mother's love, guess- ed at something of the kind; and I can im- agine the eager smile of hope on her face as she for the time falls in with this vein of pleasantry. He takes up the same role once more, and tells her "it is not meet to take the children's breid and cast it to the dogs." The Jews had been in the habit of calling the people of her nation "dogs," and therefore Jesus used the term; but she was equal to the occasion. Notwithstand- ing the second rebuff, she gained in hope and faith. She falls in with his pleasant- ry, and replies, " True, Lord; yet the dogs eat of the crumbs which fall from the mas- ter's table." Then came her reward. Then did he throw ofT the veil, and come out with his great love for sinful humanity, no matter what nationality. I wonder what his dis- ciples, who urged him to send the woman away, thought as he uttered those wonder- ful and gracious words, " O woman! great is thy faith; be it unto thee even as thou wilt." On a third occasion (which I will just notice), on the way to Emmaus, after his crucifixion, he made believe he was going on in order that his comrades might invite him to stop with them. These glimpses of this trait in the Master, of what I have taken the liberty to call boyish playfulness and pleasantry, are endearing glimpses, to me, of the wonderful being who lived a hu- man life here on earth, and " spake as nev- er man spake " before or since. We can read his words and works again and again, and continually get new and precious glimpses of him who was both di- vine and human ; and I have been wonder- ing lately whether, like the rest of us, he had peculiar likes, or, if I may so express it, a fondness for or interest in any special lines of the work of humanity. He did not care much for great buildings; because when the disciples pointed with Jewish pride to the temple he scarcely noticed it; and the only answer he gave was that there should not be left one stone upon another that should not be thrown down. Now, after this long preface I wish to suggest that Jesus loved the country, the fields of grain, and last but not least, he loved floivers. We know he appreciated them and admired them, from the words of our text. We might gather, possibly, also that he had not much more respect and ad- miration for soft and expensive clothing than he had for costly buildings. And then 556 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 he calls our attention to the lilies of the field, and he suggests that no money nor skill of man can deck out a king so as to have him rival or even equal one of these humble flowers. I am, greatly interested once more in my life in studying flowers, and seeing them grow; but I do not grow flowers for sale. In fact, I am not growing any thing for sale now worth mentioning. Then the question has come up, "What shall I do with all these flowers that are budding, blooming, and unfolding? " Well, I could give away quite a good many; and this spring, as the " flower committee " be- longing to the Endeavor Societj^ has been a little behind in furnishing a display of flowers for the table in front of the pulpit at our church, I have greatly enjoyed doing this myself. When the roads are good, with the help of the automobile I can carry quiie a display of plants up to the church early Sunday morning. In this work I have the hearty sympathy and concurrence of cur pastor. When building that little greenhouse, and brightening it up with my Horal treasures, a good many limes I have been disappointed because people generally did not seem to appreciate it. I was never disappointed, however, when Bro. Hill came around. His enthusiasm is fully equal to mine. He takes in even the humblest little plant, and, like myself, loves to pet and care for it. In fact, he has quite a collec- tion of his own— about as many as a minis- ter and his busy wife have time to care for; and when I have duplicates it is a great pleasure to divide with him. Well, for several years past there have been some very pretty beds of geraniums and other flowering plants on the lawn in irczt of the church. It just occurred to me a f w days ago that I might (or, rather, ought to) help in making the church look beautiful and inviticg outside. I made some inquiry as to who attended to the "landscape gardening " around the church. Nobody seemed to know much about it, and I finally asked Bro. Hill who were the members of the committee on that work. With one of his peculiar smiles he simply pointed his thumb toward his vest buttons, giving me no other answer. I replied, "Why, Bro. Hill, j'ou don't mean that you have been doing all this work yourself?" but he made no reply except to point his thumb in the same direction, and nod his head. "But, my dear friend, somebody has fur- nished money for the bulbs and plants. Who paid for all these things?" For the third time he answered in the same way, without speaking a word. "And is there really no committee? Are you in real truth "if ?" Then he answered verbally, "I suppose, Bro. Root, I am really 'z/f' — at least so far. I presented the matter to the church com- mittee and they thought there had been so many criticisms in regard to the amount of money spent on repairs inside, enlarging the church, etc., that they really had not any authority, or could not see their way clear, to allow any thing at all for outside decoration in the way of 'posies,' and so I have been doing it all myself. I have noth- ing to complain of. It has been no gieat task, and you know I must have seme out- door employment or recreation. This comes in nicely, for, while it improves the looks of things, it is my hobby, and I really enjoy it." I think I shall have to confess he did not say a// the above; but as nearly as I can find out the matter is about as I have ex- pressed it. Now, right here is the great point of this Home paper — the kernel or meat of it. Are there any plants or flowers around jour church? Is there a lawn? Are there nice walks, stone or gravel, when it is muddy? Does your pastor love flowers? Would it gladden his heart or the heart of his good wife if you went to work and had a "surprise party" out in the open air by fixing up the premises, and bringing flow- ers, not only for decoration day, but some- thing that will last all summer long, and be ready to stock with flowering plants again the following summer, and so on? I need not give you instructions. Your wives and daughters (and sweethearts) will tell you just what to do, and they will hunt up beautiful plants. May be somebody in your community will go to the nearest greenhouse and get not only advice and instruction, but a few plants that will not cost very much. Fix up the house of God, the temple of the Holy Ghost. Teach your children to love, reverence, and respect it. If there are some wayward boys in the Sunday-school who are suffering for want of something to do outdoors, get them to dig up the ground for the mounds and flower-beds. Then somewhere in your community you want to hunt up an old barn where manure has been accumulating for 3 ears, and growing weeds. Get a good load of this compost, or two or three loads if you can afford it. Get the Sunday-school interested. The young men and women will work like beavers when you get them agoing. When this Home pa- per reaches you it will be just the right time of year to get at it. Don't say you have no time for such things. A man once urged as a reason for not doing any thing for the church, that he was in debt. The pastor replied, "My friend, do you not owe at least a little something to God and hu- manity?" I think this man was a church- member, so he owned up at once that he was in debt to God for his abundant mercies. "Well, then, dear brother, how happens it that you pay all your others debts first, and leave the debt you owe to God the last of all?" The reply was, as nearly as T can re- member, "Why, to tell the truth I do not know that there is any particular reason why the debt I owe to God is left to be last of all, unless it is that he does not crowd me as much or in just exactly the way other people do." Now, dear friends, do you do every thing 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 557 else first, and leave liod's debt till the last, even thoug-h it be true that he is not crowd- ing' you? You have children who are grow- ing- up around you. A love of flowers may keep them away from saloons and gam- bling-dens; and because of the flowers they helped to start, may be induced to attend Sun- day-school and the preaching sei vices. Sup- pose you by staying at home and neglecting the house of God and all these things should lay up a *' lot of monej'," and die "well off. " What would all this amount to when death comes before you face to face, if with it must be the reflection that your children have, one or more of them, gone astray. " What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" While I write, a vivid picture comes into my mind of the little church in Northern Michigan. The young people of the Sun- day-school drew on some gravel, and fixed some nice walks around the church, also looked after repairing the roof and steps; and they often bring- flowers; but I do not suppdse any one of the dear friends has ever thought of a flower-bed in front of the church; and this is to remind them when their old friend gets back once more to the little church among- the hills, there is going to be a flower-bed in front of the church, with some choice plants in it. As there is a fine watering-trough, and a never-failing spring just across the road, somebody will see to watering the plants, I am sure, when we have a dry time. Dear reader, can you think of any similar place that might be brightened by a bed of flowers? If so, may God give you zeal, courage, and enthusiasm to start the work. THE RECENT ADVANCE IN BEE-SUPPLIES; ALSO SOMETHING ABOUT PUTTING CHRISTIANITY INTO BUSINESS. A very well-gotten-up bee journal, entitled the Ritral Bee keeper, has recently been started at River Falls, Wis. The issue for May (Vol. I. No. 2) contains the following: You and I can not agree on the raise in price of bee supplies. I think it is a one-sided game. They are just like the druggists. A few years ago quinine came up one dollar a pound. The druggists all over the country made a great ado and raised the price six dollars a pound. In my opinion that's just what re- tail lumber dealers and bee-hive manufacturers are doing now. If it is not so, why did the editor of Gleanings get off such a load in the last issue. He talks as if he paid fifty or sixty dollars for lumber by the carload. That is where he gives himself away. It beats all what a pious old man A. I. Root is. Can't even write a postal card on Sunday, but it doesn't hurt his conscience to charge fourteen dollars for a Ger- man wax-extractor. If it weren't for the patent, I could make one for three dollars, I think. C. G. ASCHA. If we have anywhere in these columns or elsewhere " talked as if " we " paid S50 to $60 per 1000 feet for hive lumber," we were surely not aware of it. Perhaps our friend refers to page 1004, Dec. 1st, last year, when I said, " Good clear first-class lumber, such as manufacturers are now putting in hives, with few or no knots in, will cost at the plating-mill between S50 and $60 per 1000 feet." Cost whom? Does the language imply that the Root Co. was going to pay that figure by the carloadf It would be the height of nonsense for us to attempt to convey the impression that we were paying from S50 to $60 per 1000 feet at the planing-mill, and then claim in the same article we were making hives out of it and giving them to bee-keepers a little above cost (to them) of the lumber. We do it, but not with lumber for which zve pay $6o GO. The fact is, we buy a special grade of shop stock at the lumber-camps, and " shorts " of large wholesale dealers, out of which, by cutting around the knots, we get a clear stock that would cost the bee keeper S50 or $60 at the planing- mill.* But perhaps our critic has in mind page 174 of this year. This refers to the first article, on page 1004, and is to the same effect. If he should possibly take one sentence apart from all others, he might, by a good stretch of the imagination, make such a construc- tion as he has given above. Regarding the wax-extractor which our friend says he can make for $3.00, our books show that, ou the first season's out- put, we lost money on them, for we were not charging enough to pay expenses, not- withstanding we had just put in the latest machinery and skilled workmen. When our foreman showed us the figures we were compelled, as a matter of business, to ad- vance the price in order to make a fair profit. If Mr. A. will make the same press as good as the one we make, at $3.00, we will give him a large contract for them. Or if he can make them at a cost of $3.00, why not go into the business of making them — charge a good round profit, and do a big business? There is no patent on them, so he can make and sell where he chooses. But he will find that, when he comes to make a machine to stand enormous strains, inex- perienced and careless handling, he will have a job on his hands. It always costs enormously to introduce a new article; and if there is any change in patterns or dies, as there certainly was in the case of our wax press, to stand extra-heavy strains,, that is another heavy expense. As to the personal reference to A. I. Root, who has nothing to do with fixing extor- tionate (?) prices, he is quite able to ans- wer for himself. — E. R. Root. A. I. root's answer. The residence of Mr. Ascha is not given, and the editor makes no comment on the communication, either by footnote or other- wise. I am sorry to see this — not because it reflects on me particularly, but because it is a bad start for a new bee-jjurnal. My good friend, I thank you for the high compliment you are paying me in saying I can not even write a postal card on Sunday. I am afraid I do not deserve that; but it is true that I should very much dislike to * We are just having delivered one invoice of 45 cars of hive lumber of this kind, and it didn't come from a planing mill either. 558 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 write a postal card on Sunday on business. But you are mistaken in supposing' our German wax- extractor is patented. There is no patent on it at all, and, in fact, it is mostly a copy of the one in general use in Germany, hence its name. If you can make them for $3.00, by all means do so, and we shall not feel hurt a bit, because it will be a great saving to bee-keepers throughout the land. And I firmly believe that those who know A. I. R. best are satisfied he is really working hard to help bee-keepers in- stead of to put dollars into his own pocket. Whenever any of you can make wax-extract- ors, hives, or anj' thing else, cheaper than we make them, by all means do so, and we will give you all the assistance we can. Gleanings has, from its very start, used its pages in telling people how to do things at home so as to save their money; and whenever you can make any thing we sell, cheaper than to buy it of us, go right ahead and do it, and we will help you. Perhaps I had better add, for the benefit of friend Asche and others, that it is a good many years since I myself fixed prices on goods we make in our establishment; in fact, it would be out of the question for me at my age to figure up the cost on every thing, in order to see whether our people had the prices too high or too low. My de- partment just now is basswoQd- trees and seeds of honey-plants; and whenever I find I am overcharging for any of these I should be glad to make it right. Of course, I am a responsible party in the firm; but it is hardly fair to reflect on my Christian char- acter, even if such an establishment as ours ihould get the prices a little steep on some of the articles we manufacture. It is a bad thing for beekeepers to quarrel among themselves. God knows we have enemies enough — those who are adul- terating honey, for instance — without any cross-firing in our own ranks; and it is bad for bee-journals to quarrel. Thank God for the kind and brotherly relations in which the old-established bee-journals are con- ducted to day; and there is not any "trust" about it either. I think friend Putnain has made a mistake, especially if he wishes to have the older journals extend to him a brotherly hand. We have always supposed him to be a friend of ours, and we can not but think he is that, even yet. I do not feel particularly hurt because my Christian- ity is challenged; in fact, I am rather glad to have it challenged; and if my life is not in keeping with what I profess, I am sure God will help me in my honest desire to make it so. A. I. R. FROM CALIFORNIA TO NEVADA. Here I am for the summer, seeking a live- lihood among the alfalfa-fields of Nevada, with a carload of bees. Please send me Gleanings, and let my friends know my address. J. M. Hambaugh. Leetville, Churchill Co., Nev. Concluded from last issue. Just before leaving I went into the spa- cious packing-room where a great crowd of men and boys were at work putting up plants for shipment. An experienced man takes the order, visits the several green- houses with a suitable tray, and collects the plants needed. Let me explain here that the potting- soil in this establishment for almost every thing is largely clay — more clay than I have seen almost anywhere else. Now, this claj-ey potting- soil is all right for roses; but they seem to make it work finely for almost every thing. It has this advantage: When moistened just right the ball of soil from a two-inch pot can be squeezed up, three or more in a very com- pact form, the tops of the little plants be- ing all in one direction. They are pressed together with the hand so they adhere and support each other pretty firmlj'; but when they reach their destination there is no trouble in separating them, so each plant gets the ball of soil that belongs to it. Well, after the three or more are squeezed to- gether as I have described, some sphagnum moss, dampened just right, is put around them, then they are wrapped in clean soft paper. Many florists use old newspapers; but 1his firm has nothing but new paper made expressly for the purpose. Plants that must be kept quite moist are first wrapped in oiled paper, then in the soft wrapping-paper. These are carefully pack- ed in boxes so arranged that the tops will not get crumpled up; and if the distance is not too great they will reach their customer full of life and vigor. I believe I enjoyed the packing- room more than almost any other place. Men were constantly coming in with trays of plants of such variety of form and color that I really felt like raising my hands with an exclamation; but the man behind him had another lot just as handsome or more so. Then the expert packers picked them up; and, while they handled them with won- derful dexterity, nothing was injuied in the least. Perhaps you have seen somebody with no experience undertake to handle del- icate plants; and what bungling work he makes of it! These men seemed to have been trained from childhood up to do that one thing and to do it right. I do not know of any thing in the world I enjoy more than unpacking a lot of nice plants carefully put up; and, particularly so, in doing it in the night-time in that little greenhouse, with • the electric light overhead. And then think of going out in the morning, and looking over your plants to see if they are all right I Why, it seems as if you could actually hear them rejoice as they spread out their leaves and begin to assume their normal shape 1904 CLEAXIXGS IN BEE CULTURE. 5i9 after their close journey, packed up in a box. Now in regard to the heading of this talk — managing plants so they will not die. I would recommend starting almost every thing with plants from these little pots. Get them to growing, either in the window, the conservatory, or the little greenhouse; transfer them to a larger pot when they need it, then move them outdoors, say along in May; and, if necessary, give them a lit- tle shad or protection until they get used to their surroundings. In this way, if you take pains, a failure is almost impossible. Your investment, instead of being a disap- pointment and a loss, will result in " a thing of beauty," and it ought to be "a joy " to j'ou for many years if not " for ever." HIGH-PRESSURE FARMING. '^ On page 308, March 15, I spoke of that wonderful farm of 15 acres, and said that so many articles and clippings had come in in regard to it we should not have room for them. I afterward learned that Mr. Detrich had been speaking at fanners' institutes, and wrote him, offering to pay for a report of the institute addresses. Up to the present time I have had no reply to that request, probably because he has been flooded with so many similar requests; therefore we pre- sent the following abbreviated selections from the amount of correspondence on the subject: Friend Root: — On page 213 you have a clipping in regard to the fifteen acre farm near Philadelphia. I have not visited that place myself, but I am person- ally acquainted with the proprietor, and have talked with quite a number of farmers who have visited the farm. He keeps the 29 head of thoroughbred Jer.sey cattle and two and three head of horses, and grows all the rough feed and straw that he needs for that stock on the 15 acres, besides what hay he has to sell. He buys his concentrated feed, such as bran, cotton- seed meal, linseed meal, and gluten feed for his cows; has his stables cemented, and saves all the manure, both solid and liquid, and hauls it out every day in the year except Sunday. He uses no commercial fer- tilizers; but by saving all of the manure from these cattle and horses he has so improved his little farm that it yields enormous crops. You say it occurs to you he must have a large family of boys and girls to help, or employs a great deal of help. He has no family, his wife having died some years ago. He em- ploys one man and one boy, who, with himself, do all the work except when filling the silos. Then he em- ploys additional help. He sells his milk at some large institution in Philadelphia, delivering it every day. Aaron I. Weidner. Arendtsville, Pa., March 7. Friend ./?oc>i;— In a personal letter to me last No- vember ;Mr. Detrich writes: " The scientific men have been very much interested in the soil. The chemists from agricultural colleges have been working on the soil, ami have found that my soil has 20 millions of bacteria to the one-thirtieth of a cubic inch, four times more bacteria than in any soil previously examined." The milk is sold to a sanitarium near by at 6J4 cts. per quart, and tests 5.8 the year round. But two men are employed, except in rush season, and he attends to his pastoral work besides. As Prof. Bailey writes, he does some common things in an uncommon way. Stone Ridge, N. Y. Rev. Chas. I,. Clist. Friend Root: — The doctor is a widower, without a family. A tenent lives upon the farm, with whom he lives. Detrich is a German Reformed minister. He farms 13 acres of the 15; milks 17 cows, and has 27 head of live stock, horses, cows, and heifers; raises only fod- ders, grasses, etc. Grain is all purchased. Milk is sold in Philadelphia. The cattle are all fed in the barn. When a man goes to the field for clover rye or fodder, he takes a load of manure out The' ma- nure makes the fertility. The chemist of Delaware Station (Prof. Chester) found more bacteria on this soil than any other he ever examined. „ .,, Wm. H. Miller. Guy's Mills, Pa., Mar. 10. In addition to the above I give place to the following, clipped by one of our sub- scribers from the Norristown, Pa., Regis- ter: The Department of Agriculture at Washington has run against a practical larmer who, for the time be- ing, seems to have called a halt on scientific agricultu- ral exploitation. The farmer in question is Rev T D Detrich, of Flourtown, this county. Dr. Delrich, 21 years ago, came into possession of a worn out farm of 15 acres, which then had two cows and a horse on it for which hay had to be bought Now Mr. Detrich keeps two horses and :!0 to 3.5 head of cows and young cattle, and is making a large in- come from the place, feeding everything from the produce of the 15 acres. The Department of Agriculture learned last year of his success, and sent an expert to study into hismeth- °^l i^^'r ^ <^ouRle of days the expert, who was a splendid farmer in a practical as well as a scientific sense, followed Mr. Detrich over every inch of the 15 acres, asking every possible question as to the meth- ods and results. A stenographer came along in the rear, taking down questions and answers It was found that Mr. Detrich had succeeded by in- troducing what is known among those who are " read up on farm matters ' as " soiling." He had stumbled on an old book, little seen nowadays, by Josiah Ouin- cy, on the practice of cutting green foliage and feed- ing It to cows kept in a cool, clean, fly-proof stable where they would have nothing to do but chew the cud in contentment and profit, and make all the milk possible to b= made from the tons of green stuff haul- ed to their mangers. Mr Detrich, with only a man and a boy, had found out how to plant and sow the succession of crops suit- able for the process; and by hauling out the manure every day and spreading it on his few acres had made the soil extremely rich and productive. He had built large silos after the modern way of preserving forage in a succulent state for the winter, and he had cut off all the losses and made every thing count for profit The department at once recognized that a model farmer had been found, and proposed to issue a bulle- tin telling of his methods, and their success It was estimated that Mr. Detrich's practical example would stimulate farmers all over the country to adopt better methods and improve their farms, and increase their crops, and thereby many millions would be added to the yearly output of crops and the total value of farms throughout the United States. Preparations were made to publish the bulletin in large editions and the government would in a short time have made Mr Detrich one of the most famous agriculturists of the age, and possibly a candidate for the position of Secre- tary of Agriculture in some future cabinet. At this point, however, the plans of the department met with an unexpected obstacle. Mr. Detrich hear- ing of the matter, objected to having his farm and home made the Mecca of inquiring brother-agricultu- rists with all their dreary hours of questions and the consequent manifold interruptions and hindrances to his tarmwork. He told Secretary Wilson that life would be a burden to him if the bulletin were printed and said he should want to be paid 120,000 in a lump sum, or a salary of $2,000 a year for allowing the de- partment to write up himself and his place and his way of farming, so that the thousands of farmers all over the country who were anxious to make money would be tumbling in on him from day to day the year round. It was called to his attention that I^uther Burbank the celebrated hybridist who has called into being so many fine fruits, flowers, and vegetables, including the good old Burbank potato and Burbank plum had posted a notice at his beautiful place at Santa Rosa Cal., to say that visitors who wished to take his time to go over the place were to pay for it at the rate of 810 an hour; and it was suggested that he could adopt some simihar rule. This did not satisfy Mr Detrich and he continues to insist that he shall be paid the bonus or the salary, and shows no sign of abating his figures either. ^ Some of the department scientists have recommend- 560 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 ed that his terms be complied with, because the know- ledge of what he is doing would be worth, as one eX' pert has estimated it, SIO.000,000 a year to the dairy in- terests of the country. The secretary has the matter under consideration. It is understood that Mr. Det- rich would be expected to allow his farm to become a model farm, where other farmers could go and see how he does things, and he would be able to make just as much as he does now from his crops and his milk, and receive J2000 a year for having had the braitis and the sense to work out a problem that millions of the best farmers of the country have atone time or another had in mind but have not overcome. Since the above was received, friend Sel- ser has sent us the following clipping: REV. MR. DETRICH'S NEW FIELD. Rev. J. D. Detrich, of Flourtown, for thirty years pastor of St. L,uke's Reformed Church, North Wales, and widely known as a " model farmer," has decided to resign his charge and devote his energy to farming. Rev. Mr. Detrich has become widely known for his success on his fifteen-acre farm in Flourtown. This he recently sold for |75,000. He will superintend a 340-acre farm at Frazer, on the Pennsylvania Rail- road, the farm to be conducted on the same lines as the Flourtown farm. From this last item it would appear that this celebrated 15-acre farming is for the present ended so far as the skillful agricul- tural pastor is concerned. Two things now confront us. First, can the man who has purchased the 15 acres keep up the "high pressure"? My opinion is, he can not. Perhaps there is not another man living who can do it unless the former owner stays there (at least a spell) and superintends. He might, however, take a class of boys from an agricultural college, and I should think likely one or more of them might be taught the "trade" so as to manage almost or quite as well as the teacher. The second one of the two things I had in mind is, "Can Bro. Detrich handle 340 acres in the same way, or any thing like it?" Candidly, I am very much afraid it will be a failure. If he had 40 acres, in- stead of 340, I should have more faith in the venture. In closing I would say that the most com- plete report of this wonderful work is given in two numbers of the American Agricultu- rist for December 6 and 13, 1902. At one time I thought of getting permission to print the whole in pamphlet form; and if the government does not issue a bulletin to cov- er the ground, I may, perhaps, do so. The Agriculturist sent a reporter who asked no end of questions, and the answers were ta- ken down in full. If the farmers of the world would profit by this wonderful ob- ject-lesson, I have not a doubt that it would be worth to them the forty millions. In fact, agriculture oiiglit to be doing some- thing while the scientific world is exploit- ing radium, wireless telegraphy, etc. We are just told in Electricity that Marconi has been offered $50 a day to print a daily news- paper on board the Cunard line of steam- ers, so that passengers, when they get up in the morning, can read of the happenings in both England and America (in an ab- breviated form of course), instead of wait- ing for the news until they reach port. Now, friends, is the agricultural, horti- cultural, and floricultural world, and mar- ket-gardening, going to keep pace with these other wonderful strides in the scien- tific world? THE MICHIGAN SILK INDUSTRY. Some time ago I asked the question whether the raw material for these great factories at Belding was produced in our own country. The following, from the Grand Rapids Herald, seems to answer the question. The clipping was sent us by A. H. Dines, Cedar Springs, Michigan. The Russo-Japanese war has a peculiar significance for Belding, in which the principal industry is silk- manufacturing. The silk-factories employ hundreds of men and women, and a long continuance of the war would mean that they would have to shut down for a lack of raw material. Over half the silk used in the mills comes from Japan, and the remainder comes from. China, the firms of the Richardson Silk Co. and the Belding Brothers using only the finest silks, which come from the countries named. At present enough stock is on hand and under shipment to run the mills for several months yet, but not later than long enough to fill the spring orders, the fall sales being extra large. Convention Notice. MEETING OF TEXAS BEE-KEEKERS' ASSOCIATION, JULY 5 TO 8, 1904. PROGRAM. Tuesday, July 5, 10 a m. Opening exercises, president's address, secretary's report, etc. Tuesday, 2 p. m. What are the essential qualities for making a suc- cessful bee-keeper ?—L. Stachelhausen, Converse, Tex. Present standing of foul-brood in Texas. — I,ouis H. Scholl, College Station, Tex. The 4x5 section super, and its advantages.— Dr. J. B. Treon, Floresville, Tex. Tuesday, 8 p. m. Natural or artificial increase; which is the better? — W. O. Victor, Wharton, Tex. The shallow or divisi- ble, or the regular I,angstroth; which? — W. H. Laws, Beeville, Tex. Wednesday, 9 a. m. Production and proper grading of section honey. — W. v.. Crandall, Floresville, Tex. Importance of uni- form standard cans for Texas. — Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex. Wednesday, 2 p m. Criticism of the Laws baby -nuclei for mating queens — Discussion led by O. P. Hyde, Floresville, Tex. The St. Louis convention, and when and how to go.— H. H. Hjde, Floresville, Tex. Wednesday, 8 p. m. How many colonies will a good range support, and what should a bee-keeper pay for such location ? J. K. Hill, Uvalde, Tex. Successful management of out- apiaries. — Carl Wurth, Floresville, Tex. Thursday, 9 a. m. Discussion. Thursday, 2 p. m. Convention will open at time named. Come early, and take part. Louis H. Scholl, Sec'y-Treas. Texas Bee-keepers' Association, College Station, Tex. O. P. Hyde, Committee on Progratn. Red Clover Itafian Queens. Fine Northern bred, originated from best long- tongued Red Clover breeders in United States ; three- banded strain work on red clover, bred for business in full colonies under swarming influence; gentleness, honey-gathering, and wintering qualities are prime object. Untested, |1.00: six, $5.00; tested, |2.C0 six, $10.00; select tested, $3.00. After July 1st deduct 25 per cent. Satisfaction guaranteed. Remit by money-or- der. Isaac F. Miller, Knoacdale, Pa. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 561 y\ »%r fir t:^ »c »ie fi«r ti^ fC fc »i«r »iC fiC »i«r f c »ie »iC »»r »ic ''^fC •r *'lf Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder." "^ ^^ .^^^^ Established 1889. JX I ^^ Bee= keepers' '^ j>^'- ■HP" I ^ -t^ t ^ir Supplies. f -^«i Distributor of Root's g-oods from the best shipping point in the Country. >(*r ^^ My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. L Root Company, Jx "51* and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: ^^ -5^* Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb ^^ j^^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, J^ '^r Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact, ^ ^f EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. ^r yi Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. ^"5^ ^^ ITALIAN QUEEN BEES and NUCLEI. Strictly 'J^ ^^ high grade, and a pleased Customer every time. >^ ■^^ Untested Queens $ 75 Jf^ >?" Tested " 1 00 '^ J^4 Comb of Brood and Bees 1 25 ^f^ ^1 A 11 nuclei put up ard shipped by myself, personally ^ ^V J^ ^* ~'^ ^^ My Stock of Supplies - i^ "■^* is fresh from the factory, and fully up-to-date in every detail. My sections are not dried ^^^ out and they do not break in bending. ^ -^* What They Say. 1^ ■^y Winchester, Ind,, May in, 1801. Ji/ -^Eii Walter S. Podder, Indianapolis, lud. ^sST " /?say5z>;— The large order I sent you for supplies came the stcond day after I mailed ^ ■^^ the order, and every article was of the very best quality. I can .«ay, with the greatest pleas- you continued success, I remain as ever, your friend and customer, C. O. Yost. I^ ^* Beeswax Wanted. '^ J^^ I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make >^^ -/f small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your '^ .^ name on the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send i. to you if I WALTER 5. POUDER, J ^f 513==5I5 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^f^ ^r "^ -^» ■»!« -<* j|« y* y^* ^'* ^'* ^'* J'* J'* ji« ^1* y* yt ji* \i \t \.i k ^ 562 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 ^Hki iiilSi Golden Italian and Leather Colored, »2 QUEENS Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by Quirin=the=Queen=Breeder. We guarantee every queen sent out to please you, or it may be returned inside of 60 days, and another will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long-tongued Red=Clover Breeders in the United States. We send out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any State, continental island, or European Country. The A.. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our stock, from time to time. Dr. J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., saj-s that he secured over 400 pounds of honey (mostly comb), from single colonies containing our queens. Last winter was a severe test on Bees, But Quirin's Famous Leath= er=colored Italians wintered on their summer stands, within a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. . . . Queens now Ready to go by Return Mail. Our new circular now ready to mail. ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO Price of Queens Before July First. -Ji I 1 I 12 Select Tested Select Tested Breeders Straight Five-band Breeders Palestine Queens Two-comb Nuclei, no queen,. Full Colony on eight frames.. Four fr's brood, 4 fr's fdn.... 81 00 I $.5 10 I $9 (0 1 50 I 8 00 I 15 00 2 ro 4 00 6 00 1 00 2 50 10 00 10 00 18 00 18 00 6 00 I .SO 00 5 00 I 25 00 I 14 00 I 25 10 •** Special low prices on Queens and Nuclei in 50 and 100 Lots. Nuclei on L. orDanzenbaker frames. I Quirin=the=Queen=Breeder, Beiievue, o. r ^Victor's^^ Superior Stock Is recognized as such, to the extent that last season I was compelled to withdraw my* ad. to keep from being swamped with orders. THIS SEASON I SHAI,!, RUN MY Thirteen Hundred Colonies Exclu= sively for Bees and Queens — and will therefore soon be able to — Have 2000 to 2200 Colonies and Nuclei in Operation which warrants me in promising prompt service. Untested Queens Sl.OO; select un- tested |1 .25; tested 61.50; select tested |2.50; breeders $4.00 to $7.00. Illustrated price list free for the asking. W. 0. VICTOR, Wharton, Tex. Queen Specialist Italian Queens that Please. Iowa City, May 9, 1904. A year ago I bought an untested queen of you; she proved to be purely mated and one of the best breed- ers I ever owned. A. E. Ault. Untested queens, 75c each; $7.50 per dozen. Tested queens, tfl.OO each; 510.00 per dozen. GEORGE J. VAHDE VOBD, Daytona, Fia, HONEY QUEENS LAWS' ITALIAN AND HOLY LAND QUEENS. Plentj' of fine queer s of the best strains on earth, and with these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are you interested? Laws' Leather and Golden Italians, Laws' Holy Lands. These three, no more. The following prices are as low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen, $8 00- tested, $1; per dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best oi either race, $3 epch. W. H. Laws, Beeville, Texas. — HONEY QUEENS — Golden and Leather-colored Italians, tested, $1.25; un- tested, 81 00. H. C. TR1E5CH, Jr., DYE.R., AR.K. 1 9 O 4. TRY J. W. TAYLOR'S record-breakers. They are three- * banded leather-colored Italians. They have broken all records as honey-gatherers. I have made a gpecialty of queen-breeding for ten years to secure the best bees, and now I have them. , _, r. Untested, 75 cts., or |*.00 a dozen; tested, $1.25 each; select tested, $1.75; each. Breeders, the best, $4.00 each. I have three yards, and can till all orders by return mail. I guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction. J. E. Atchley says the finest queen he ever owned he bought from me. Try one. J. W. TAYLOR, Ozan. Ari<. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 5C:3 CARNIOLANS AND ITALIANS. Untested Queen $1.00: Six for $5.00; Twelve for $9.00. Tested $1.50. Best Breeder $3.00. Imported $5.00. Special prices quoted on large order.s. Having queen- rearing apiaries in the North and South we can fur- nish any number of queens on short notice. Safe ar- rival guaranteed. Price list free. F. A. IvOCKHART (Sb CO., I^aKe Georg'e, ~ Ne^v.YorK. Csirs\iolai\s. We are the largest breeders of this race of bees in America, having bred them for 18 years. We find them the ^^w//^j< bees known. Very hardy and pro- lific, good workers on red clover; great comb-builders, and their sealed combs are of a snowy whiteness. Italiax^s. Gentle, prolific, swarm very little, hustlers to work, and a red-clover strain. If tKe BE.ST Qiieeiis are wKat yoti 'waot. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than lllUO tine queens in stock ready for early orders. We guarantee satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and live banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queens, $1.50 each; 6 for $7.00, or $r2.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $4.00 each for straight breeders of their sect. Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens m large lots and to dealers. Address XHe Bee ai\d Honey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Xex. OUR SPECIALTIES Cary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hive and Supers, Root's Sections, Weed Process Foundation, and Bingham Smokers. :: ;: :: ■: •: Bees ax\cl Qtieex^s iri. tHeir Seasox\. 32>pa^e Catalog^ Free ^=zW, "W. CAR.Y 6c \V. T. Falcorker Mfg. Company, W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our Ts&-rrk «»c^r%'%Jtr'rk TV ^T goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. «| <*»I»*7»I.VJ W KAy A^ • A • 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 567 MarsKfield Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. ZTAe MarsHfield Mantifacttiring Company* MarsKHeld, V^is. Kretchmer Manfc. Co. Box 60, RED OAK, IOWA. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- I ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- > suring BEST goods at the I^OWEST prices, ' and prompt shipment. We want every ' bee- keeper to have our FREE II^I^USTRAT- ED CATAI^OG, and read description ci' ' Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. \^lVRirE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. I Trester Supply Company, I,incoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs, Iowa. I. H. MjerF, Lamar, Col. I. J. StririgKiam, IM^^a/^ V^rk, — Keeps in stock a complete line of — ff M1M VI AM #»»!■» i«fi#»#»^'-''°'*^*^^ •'^ Italian bees in newhive $8.50 liniGriQll l^linni l PIJ Three-frame nucleus colomes with Italian queen 3.7 5 nlllnllnll HllllinillllTestedltalianqueen |.25 Untested queen 85 ^JJIUIIUII UUJJ^llUUsiit.faced veil, best made \to Catalog... FREC Apiaries—Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom-- 1 05 Park Place, N. Y. NOT IN THE TRUST. The oldest bee-supply house in the East. Sells the BEST GOODS at former prices. Send for Catalog. J. H. M. COOK, 70 Cortlandt S\., New YorK City. Tested queens now ready by return mai Pacific Coast Buyers are directed to the announcement that SMITHS' CASH STORE (inc ) 25 Market St., San Francisco, California, carries a complete line of apiary supplies. Root's reg- ular and Danzenbaker hives, Dadant's foundation, and Union hives. Money can be saved by buying from them. Prices quoted same as Root's catalog for 1904, with carload rate 90c per 100 pounds added. This saves buyers $1 .50 per 100 pounds in freight or Sfic on each hive. HAGEN'S Comb Foundation Factory i\NEED PROCESS), Is turning out a grade of foundation that is not sur- passed by any made, and is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction. A share of your trade is solicited. Wax worked up for bee-keepers also. In the market at all times for beeswax at the highest market price. Sam- ples of foundation sent on request. H. F. HAGEN, Denver, - - - Colorado. 601 High Street. 568 GLEAXIXGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 HONEY BAGS. We are now in receipt of a plentiful supply of Aiken honey-bags, which we can furnish promp'.ly at the prices named on another page. Enquiries solicited. WANTED. — J. E. KOCH, FORMERLY OF MT. PISGAH, LAGRANGE CO., IND. The above person is wanted in order to turn over to him considerable property left by the death of his parents. He was last heard from March 21. 1901. He is wanted by his brother, S. R. Koch, of Mifflin, Ohio. PERFORATED ZINC STRIPS. In our last issue the notice relating to perforated zinc strips makes me say, "We can not/uss ivith any more of the strips \%, wide," when it should read, "We can noi furnish any more of the strips \% wide, except such stock as may be in the hands of our dealers. Having taken out the old machine, we can not make them on the new one other than ^3 inches wide. BEESWAX MORE PLENTIFUL. Large quantities of wax have been arriving the past month, and we have in stock over twenty tons — more than we shall need to finish this season. The heavy winter losses of bees have increased the supply of wax. We are obliged to lower the price earlier than we usually do. From now till further notice we will pay 28c cash, 30c trade, for average wax delivered here. BUSINESS OUTLOOK. Orders from the middle West, especially Missouri, Iowa, and Illinois, are still crowding us, and we are still seven or eight cars behind orders. We are filling most orders with reasonable promptness and our branches and agencies are generally fairly well supplied with goods. We have a surp'us stock of comb foundation, but are well sold up on sections. We have in nine months disposed of several million more than in twelve months of the previous year. With the present prospects for white clover promising a good honey crop, the demand for sections will con- tinue unabated for two or three months longer. NEW SIMPLEX HONEY-JAR. We have found a new glass jar for one pound of honey, which we think surpasses any other style we ever offered. It has a glass top which screws on to the glass jar with a rubber gasket between. The joint is on a taperso that, the further you screw the cover on, the tighter it makes the joint. It can be sealed absolutely air-tight; has no metal to rust or corrode. t is about % inch higher than the -No. L'o, which improves its appear- ance. We sell them at the same price as the No. 25, and have a carload in stock ready to fill orders. We first learned of this jar nearly a year ago, but have said nothing about it until we had the stock in hand ready to supply. We still have some No. 25 in stock for those who may prefer to con- tinue with it. We believe, however, the Simplex jar will take the place of the No. 25. A LIST OF THOSE WHO HAVE BEES FOR S.\LE. In our May 1st issue we announced that, as an accommodation to those who had lost heavilv and need bees to start with, we would publish a list of names of the parties having bees to sell in our next issue, but on account of the absence of the writer when the forms were closing; the matter was overlooked. The following list of names has, been compiled from letters received since that date. It is possible that a few names have been omitted, unintentionally how- ever, as frequently the request has been embodied with matter going to other departments and may have failed to reach the proper department at this writing. We assume no responsibility forany deals made; some of the parties we know personally and can recom- mend; others we know nothing about. Some of them have one or two colonies only — others have a large number, and the bees are all the way from blacks to fite Italians and the hives are of various patterns. Full particulars in every case must be learned by in- quiry. This list will not be repeated, and names should not be sent us for this purpose after this date. If any names have been omitted that have been re- ceived prior to this date, we will give such a position in our next issue if our attention is called to the matter at once. In addition to the list of names herewith, we call the attention to those reeding bees to our advertising columns where prices and descriptions are to be found without the necessity of correspondence: E. A. Simmons, Fort Deposit, X,owndes Co., Ala. Louis K. Smith. Grant, Brevard Co., Fla E. K. Arford, Clark Center, Clark Co., 111. E. E. Starkey, 1126 Benson Av., Evanston, 111. G. W. York & Co., 834 Dearborn St., Chicago. 111. D. E. Andrews Bloomington, Monroe Co., Ind. V. Heineman, Valparaiso, Porter Co.. Ind. O. H. Hyatt. Shenanrloah, Page Co., Iowa. A. Carder. Rt. 1, Ludlow, Kenton Co., Ky. Mrs. S. Carder, Rt. 1, Ludlow, Kenton Co., Ky. L- E. Evans, Ousted, Lenawee Co., Mich. Otto Kleinow, 122 Military Ave., Detroit, Mich. C. M. Nichols, Addison, Lenawee Co., Mich. O. H. Townsend. Otsego, Allegan Co , Mich. Mrs C. T. Ward, Albion, Calhoun Co., Mich. Wm. H. Bright, Mazeppa, Wabasha Co.. Minn. A. E. Johnson, Rt. 2. Dunnell, Martin Co., Minn. John Anderson. Oriskany Falls, Oneida Co., N. Y. J. H. M. Cook, 70 Courtlandt St., New York, N. Y. Hiler Brothers, Plaltsburgh Clinton Co.. N. Y. Joel Kinney, Geneseo, Livingston Co., N. Y. L. R. Partridge. North Cohccton, Steuben Co., N. Y. Williamson & Newell, Trumansburg, N. Y. Mrs. L. A. Burton, Speidel, Belmont Co., Ohio. A. L. Martin, Leonardsburg, Delaware Co., Ohio. Mrs. M. P. Rayburn, London, Madison Co., Ohio. Henry Shaffer, 2860 Harrison St., Cincinnati, Ohio. H. C. Burdan, 549 King St., Pott.stown, Pa. Cath'ne McCaslin. 308 Pittsburg St., New Castle, Pa. G. N. Wentworth. Torpedo. Warren Co., Pa. G. W. Gates Bartlett, Shelby Co., Tenn. J. B. Neil, Filbert. York Co., S. C. Butts Brothers. Normanna, Bee Co., Texas. The Jenney Atchley Co., Beeville, Bee Co., Texas. Charles Fisk, Toraah, Monroe Co., Wis. J. N. McColm, Plymouth, Sheboygan Co., Wis. Theo. Weiler, Rootcreek, Milwaukee Co., Wis. SOLD OUT. The attention of our readers is directed to the fol- lowing letter: Dear Sir: Doubtless complaints are being filed against me by your readers as a result of my inability to keep up with the correspondence resulting from a single insertion in Gleanings, now two issues old. By former experience I know this will keep up for three months. I have returned money amounting to many times the value of the hives advertised. This is a responsibility that I do not enjoy. Help me out if you can. S. B Jackson. Pittsburg, Pa., May 2i. We hope any one who has addressed Mr. Jackson without sending money will not expect a reply, for it is hard enough to answer the letters and return mon- e;y without having to answer a lot of inquiries in addi- tion, especially where nothing is sent for return post- age. In this connection allow us to remind our read- ers having bees or property for sale, that our " Want," " For Sale,'" and " Miscellaneous " columns — in fact, any of our advertising columns, will bring you good return.*. We get abundant testimony to this effect every day. mDATTTTPV DUVTPW containing monthly a rUULlttI ntiYlliH, comprehensive review of the best poultry papers published ; 50c a year ; with this paper, $1.00 a year. Before subscribing elsewhere get our clubbing rates. The Poultry Review, Dept. IX, Bustleton, Pa. 1904 -qHnnnD H3ff ni soninvhio sc9 ^^j 1884 PRICE LIST OF 1904 •^• ill (f> I ItaliaiiL I I Queens | ib and Kf^f^CL 1^ ii/ ^f> \l> 'P il/ U; Untested Queens, each - - - $ 75 S ^^^ W J Tested Queens, each - - . I 00 '" J* Mj I Select Tested Queens, each - - 2 00 | «> \ii Jt Two-frame Nucleus (no queen), - 1 00 S fff\ ij^ a> Three-frame Nucleus (no queen), - - 1 50 'p (fjl (1/ J Four-frame Nucleus (no queen), - 2 03 « (f) yl/ jt Full Colony, eight-frame, (no queen) - 4 00 S ^'^ U/ 9} W We are booKin^ orders for Queens -JJ w and Bees at tlie above prices. J^ i)/ We breed with scientific, intelligent methods from the best 9\ ijlif Imported and Long-tongue stock. Cheaper queens may (fl Vli be had elsewhere, but we make no effort to compete with (0 ijif the prices of the cheap queen men. Our stock is worth (f^ y^/ our price. You will be pleased with our stock and our (f) \|/ prompt and careful attention to your orders. We gflarantee it. 9} ii/ i^ Ui ^ 64-pag'e Catalog' of Supplies Free. ^ 'fl\ I J. M. JENKINS, S (f> WETUMPKA, - ALABAMA. 570 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. J^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES S ^ Send for Our FREI^ New Illustrated Catalog and Price List. ^ >^ Dittmer's F RETAIL AND WHOLESALE Has an established reputation, because made b}' a process that produces the Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and Toughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Full Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Catflloar and prices \rith samples free on application. K. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. CUS. DiTTMER, - - - AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. ►♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ i Bingham Smokers Bingham Smokers are the originals, and have all the improve- ments, and have been the Standard of Excellence for 23 years. No wonder Bingham's four-inch Smoke-engine goes without puff- ing, and does not drop inky drops. The perforated steel fire-grate "has B81 hole s to air the fuel and support the fire, Heavy tin smckf -engine, 4 inch stove, per mail, $1.50 ; o% inch, 81.10; 3-inch, $1.0-; 2;^-inch, 90 cents; 2-inch, 65 cents. T. F. Bingham, Farwell, Mich. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^ Volume XXXII. JUNE 15, 1904. MnBEE cultohe ..589 .590 zl. Market Quotations o/5 Straws, by Dr. Miller 583 Pickings, by Stenog-.... i8S Conversations with Doolittle 586 _ BICR-KEEPING AMONG THE ROCKIRS! 587 Pear-growers and Bees 588 Cheap Increase EIditorials 589 Bnck-honey for Summer Trade 589 Frank Benton and the Bee-keeping Industry Qui Western Department, and Editor Briek and Bag Honey in Warm Weather General Correspondence 592 Making One's Own Hives 592 Top- t>ars their Relation to brace-combs 591 Ontario Co Bee-keepers' Convention 596 Foundation made from Foul-broody Combs 596 Pickled Brood; Cause and Cure 597 Honey Packages 597 Scraping Sections 597 Selling both by Weight and the Piece 599 First >5wainis 600 Flanged Cups 601 Grain 60 603 60S 605 606 .igebt Increase by Dividing.. S,jt-cial ilive-ventilator Modern (jueen-ro^ \ ^rame hook Mtfho'^ o- ndation 606 607 iioxes; Honey Candying 607 .^nun plant Destructive to Bees 60S hoil Infected with Sweet-clover Bacteria . . 6()S Honey 41 Years Old 6(i(i^4^4^ Let me sell you the Best Ooods Made; you will be pleased on receipt of them, and save money by ordering from me. Will allow you a discount on early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is one of the best shipping-points to reach all parts of the Union, particularly in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :: :: :: I Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and bee-veils. Queens Now Ready to Supply by Return^iMail; Golden Ital- ians, Red-clover, and Cainiolans. Will be ready lo luruish nuclei, beginning wiih June, of all the varieties mentioned above. Prices for Untested, during June, one. 75; six, $4.00: twelve, $7.50. I will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. I have in Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants: Sweet- scented clover, white, and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- celia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. C. H. er. Ofiice (Sb Salesroom, 2146-2148 Central A.ve. '(VareHouse, Freeman ai\ f$> f$» *$» f$> f$> f$» f^ f$» <$> f$» t$y f$J f^ 4» (^ 4^ 4^ <^ 4^ 4^ (^ ^ (^ (^ (^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4|^ 4» 4^ 576 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 \ Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel- stain or otherwise ; all thu cells sealed exceot an occasional cell, the outside svnfaoeof the wood well scraped of propolis. A No. 1.— All s • >in well filled except the row of cells next to the wood : .luhs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or t lie entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well bcraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soi.ed. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Milwaukee. — The situation of this market on hon- ey has not changed materially since our last report. The over supply continues and the demand is just now quite slow, and usual dullness incident to this season of the year when small fruits are provided for con- sumers. The demand is a little better for extracted thaii comb, but all kinds are very slow. We think, however, that before new crop comes the choice old crop will be wanted at fair values. Hence we don't think the old .'tock should be sold at ruinous prices. We quote fancy at ll@r2; A No. 1, 10@11; off quali- ties entirely nominal. Extracted, in barrels, pails, and cans, white, 65^@7J^. Beeswax, 28@30 A. V. Bishop & Co.. June 13. Milwaukee, Wis. Philadelphia. —The comb honey season is now about over. There are not enough sales to fix any price. For the last ten days, commission men have been accepting any offer they could get, but did not fix any market value. Extracted honey seems a little off in price, some lots from the South being offered as low as 5c in barrels. We quote Southern extracted at 6c; fancy white clover, 7c. Beeswax is a little off; 29c for bright yellow is the top market price. We are producers of honey and do not handle honey on com- mission. Wm a. Selser, June 8. 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Toledo. — The market on comb honey remains quiet as usual at this time of the year, but we wish to state that honey is nearly exhausted in this section of the country. We are closing out our No. 1 at loc. Fancy white clover would bring 14@1.5. Extracted, in bar- rels, white clover, 6®6^; cans, 7(a;7^: amber, in barrels, 6@5H; cans, ()fn6}4: BeeswaxT 26@28. June 8. Griggs Bros., Toledo, O. Cincinnati. — Since warm weather set in, hardly any sales of comb honey are made ; what little there was sold was fancy white, and brought from 12^@ KM. Extracted has a fair demand. I quote same as follows: Amber, in barrels. 5J^@5K; in cans, %c more; alfalfa, 6^; fancy white clover, 7}4. Nice yellow bees- wax, 30c. C. H. W. Weber, June 7. 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. Buffalo. — There is very little demand for honey; can occasionly sell a case of nice white comb ai 12® 125^, but no sale for under grades; a little demand for extracted at 6@6J^ for white; 5(5)5^ for dark. Bees- wax, 28(0)32. W. C. TowNSEND, June 7. 178 Perry St., Buffalo, N. Y. Kansas City. — The demand for honey in cases re- mains steady, at prices ranging from 82.75 to $3.00. Old stock is about cleaned up, and no new coming as yet; no inquiry for extracted; in fact, can not sell it at any price. Good demand for beeswax at 30c. C. C Clemons & Co., June 9. Kansas City, Mo. St. lyOUis. — Our honey market has not undergone any change since our last. The quo ations below are mertly nominal, as trade is almost at a standstill. We quote as follows: Fancy comb honey from 12(0)14 ; A No. 1, 11(3,12: No. 1. 10@11; No. 2 about 9; No. 3, 7(2)8 Extracted. 5(5)55^ in cans, and 4(5)4'/^ in barrels. Daik and other inferior grades will biing less. R. Hartmann & Co , June 10. St. Ie Best Stock ! Twenty years' experience in rearing Italian queen bees, and producing honey on a large scale has taught me the value of the best stock, and what the best queens reared from that best stock mean to the hon- ey-producer. I have always tried to improve my stock by buying queens from breeders who breed for honey- gathering instead of color; then by crossing these different strains and selecting the best and breeding from them I have secured a strain of stock that is the equal of any for honey-gathering. Delanson, New York, July 10, 1902. Mr. Robey— Dear Sir: The queens that I bought of you two .vears ago were the finest lot, and the best honey-gatherers of any queens 1 ever had, and I have had over ]llf)0 queens from the principal queen-breed- ers of the t'niteil States. E. W. Alexander. Warranted queens in any quantity, 60c. each. Safe de- livery and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. L. H. R0BE:Y AVortKington, W. Va. QUEENS DIRECT FROM ITALY. Please send us your address on a postal card, and we will send you our prior list of queens, written in English. Cor- respondence not sufficiently post-stamped will be refused. Our motto: " Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them." Write Malan Brothers. - . . . Queen-breeders. •■ Apiario," Luserna, San Giovanni. Italy. CHas. Israel (Si Brothers 486-4QO Canal St., New^ YorK. Wholesale Sealers and Commission Merchants in Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. Consignments Solicited. Established 1H75 ^^e "MEND-A-RIP" Does all kinds of Light and Heavy Stitching ^^ IioeB all kinda heavj riveting You can do your own repiiring at any time. Write me for de- tails of a complete repair outfit in a hnx. A money-maktr for a brieht boy. If. J. Hc»c»*,90 W. Broadway, rffo-vw "STorls. COILED SPRING STEEL WIRE is none too good for Page Fence. We use it. PAGE KVOVEN WIRE FENCE CO . Box , drian. Mich MUTH SPECIAL HIVE Differs from the regular styles of dove tails only in the superior COVER and BOTTOM BOARD. It is neat in appearance and constructed with RIGIDITY and DURABILITY. Complete- Line, of LEWIS' SUPPLIES, at Factory Prices. QUEENS AND NUCLEI Bjeyond Comparison. SEND FOR CATALOG TH E FRED W. M UTH CO., 51 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio- 578 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 Take no chances with your face. Demand Will- iams' Shaving Soap. Sold everywhere. Write for booklet " How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct Handy Wagoti With 4-Inch Tire Steel Wheels Low &nd handy. Saves labor. Wide tires, ayoid cutting farm into ruts. Will hold up any two-horse load. We also furnish Steel W heels to fit any axle. Ajiy size wheel, any width of tire. Catalogue free. EMPIRE MANUFiCTURING CO., Box !)1. Quincj, 111. Lice Killing Machine kills all lice and mites. No injury to birds or feathers. Handles any fowl, smallest chick to larj^est gobbler. Made in three sizes Pays for itaelf first eeasoiL Wso Lightning Lire Killiiig powder. Poultry lilts. Lice Murder, etc. We secure special low express rates. Catalog mailed free. Write lor It CHARLES SCHILC, Ionia, Ificb. BARNES' Hand and Foot Power Machinery. This cut represents our combined circular saw which is made for bee keeper's use in the con struction of their hives sections, boxes, etc., etc Machines on Trial. Send for illustrated cata- log and prices. Address W. F. & Jno. Barnes Co., 545 Ruby St., Rockford. : Illlnole Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-eu ting, mitering, groov— „, boring, scroll-sawing, edge „ .. ^, moulding, mortising ; for "\ | i worliing wood in any man- J:r^ ner. Send for catalog A.''^' The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co., 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs.. N. Y Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1S73.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthlj- by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CALVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. I,. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms: $1.00 per annum ; two years, |1.50 ; three years, $2.00 ,• five years, $3.00, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontimiances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall assui&e that he wishes his journal continued, ani will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time paid for by making his request when ordering. AnVERTISLS^G RATES. Column width, 2% inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Line Rates {Nei). Time Discounts. 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 2.50 lines® 18 500 1ines@ 16 1000 lines® 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates {JVei). 1 page $40 00 1 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Oirctiiation Average for IQOS, 18,663. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton. 111., Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, I,os Angeles, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DOOLITTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapin\nlle, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. Wm. McKvov, Woodstock, Ont. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. £79 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ »♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦ Low Bates to tte sog I are made on the first and third ^^ Y Tuesday of each month by the T I SOUTHERN RAILWAY I at which times round-trip tickets to points in the South and Southeast are sold at ONE_FARE PLUS $2.00. A splendid opportunity is thus afforded the residents of the North and West to gain knowledge personally of the great re- sources and possibilities of a section which is developing very rapidly, and showing results which are'most satisfactory Low-priced lands, superior business opportuni- ties, unexcelled locations for factories can be obtained, ot are offered, in all the States reach- ed by the Southern System. Illustrated publi- cations and full information upon request. ." . r Si^ ""^ M. V. RICHARDS, '*""—::::::;z Z X LAND AND TNDUSTllIAL AGENT, X T ^ —"^ Washington, D.C ''""^ '\ Y X CHAS. S. CHASE, ,^3i:iad T. B. THACKSTON, Z X AGENT, TEAV. AGT.. X J Land and Indust'l Dept., Land and Indust'l Dept., T X Chemical Bldg., ,225 Dearborn St., J 2 St. Louis, Missouri. -^ ^SM Chicago, Illinois. T ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ one season, planting in ro- tation cauliflower, cucum- bers, eg-g-plants, in beauti- ful, health -giving- Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-growers. Thousands of acres open to free homestead entry. Handsomely illustrated de- scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchange in Vir- ginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Line Railway, Portsmouth, Va. Splendid Location for Bee-keepers. Mr. A. I. Roofs Writings of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful section reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets of Michigan farm lands and the fruit belt, address J. E. Merritt, Uanlstee, Michigan. SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps SPRAY i^UMPS Double-actlng.Llft, Tank and Spray POMPS 1^^^^ Store Ladders, Etc. EcShay tools ^^^ofaUWnds. Write for Circulars and - — — Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel rollerbearings, easy to push and topuil, cannot be thrown off the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- S£riptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buy in quantify. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland, • Ohio. POULTRY SUCCESS. 11th Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated.SOcyr. , showg readers how to succeed with P1 Send us the names of ten friends or neighbors whom you believe will be Interested In a jourua. ataading for the farmer's best interests, and wf will send you these five Kreat periodicals eacl Ot which stands at the head of Its class. $ .601 Regular Price Farmer's Voice"' "*"""' Bural Weekl/ t For forty years the most earneit advocate of all things which tend to make life on the farm more pleasurable and profitable. Wayside Tales 1.00 America's Oreat SLjrt Story Magazine, 96 pages In regularma- gazjne size of clean stories every month on fine book paper. Tlie American PouitryJournai .50 The oldest and best poultry p«per In the world. The Houselioid Realm . . .50 For 18 years the only woman'! paper owned, edited and put>- Ushed exclusively by women. Kick's Family Magazine . .50 The leading Floral Magaiine ot Americ*.^ For Vlck'8 yon ni»y anbatltnte Green'e Fruit ©rower. Farm Journal, Blooded Stock, Kansas Cltf Star or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Farmers' Voice free L.iberal terms to agents. VOICE PUB. CO., 113 Voice Bldg., Chlcagro. Fnyplnnpc prlnted-to-order, only tl per 1000: send Lii T ciu|ic J, for free sample and itate yoni baslneaa. FOR ONLT $1. and tea names o' farmert as abovt. 580 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 $1 Standard-Bred Queen forSOc (When taking the Weekly American Bee Journal for one year at $1.00 — $L30 for the Journal and Queen) ^.«- --!#.»■ -^t«- We are now booking orders for those Superior Standard- Bred Italian Untested Queen= Bees that we have been furnish- ing for several years past, and that have given such excellent satisfaction. We would like to furnish one or more of them to every reader of this paper. When any bee-keeper can get such a Queen, and such a bee-paper as the Weekly American Bee Jour- nal for a year — both . for only a $1.50, it would seem that no one wou'd hesitate a inonicnt about ordering. The Queen orders we expect to fill in rotation, in Mayor June — first come, first served. Better order now, and begin to read the American Bee Journal at once. If you are not acquainted with the Journal, send tor a Freb Sample Copy, and see how^ good it is. If you want Queens without the Bee Journal, the prices are as follows : One Queen for $1; 2 for $1.75; or 6 for $4.50. Address, eEORGE W. YORK & CO., 834 Dearborn Si, Chicago, III 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. The Beginning 581 and the end of the season are two critical points in comb-honey production. How to get the bees to go promptlv to work in the sections, and how to close the season with only a few unfinished sections, yet lose none of the honey as the result of management, is not known bv every one. Mr. James A. Green tells, in an article in the April Bee keepers' Review, how this may be accomplished. He calls it his " combina- tion system," whereby both comb and extracted hon- ey are produced by the sa-ne colonies. The begin- ning of the season has passed with most of the comb- honey raisers, but the end is yet to come. If interest- ed, send ten cents for this issue, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Ml* Dittmer's Foundation RETAIL AND WHOLESALE established reputation, because made by a process Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and Toughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Full Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Catalog and prices with samples free on application. E- Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. CUS. DITTMER, - - - AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 20 YEARS. Sold by Seed Dealers of America. Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers. Trees and Shrubs from lll.-^ects. Put up in popular packajres at popular prices. Write for free pamphlet on Bugs and Blights, etc., to B. HAMMOND. - Fishkill-on-Hudson, New York. GETTING MARRIED ? Now or any time. You 'should have embossed station- ery. Makes a splendidJiwedding present. Send for samples and prices. ,„ .^tl- -- R. A. NERRIE, 90 West: Broadway, New York. Hunter-Trader-Trapper A. journal of information for hunt- ers, traders, and trappers; publish- ed monthl.v; subscription $1.00 per year; sample copies ten cents. Special time-offer, five months for 23o. Gleanings in Bee Culture and H-T-T each one year $1.50. HUNTER-TRADER-TRAPPER. Box 90. Gallipolis, Ohio Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PRICES. Kager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something WORTH LOOK- ING INTO. Send for our FREE BOOK. " How to Make Money with Squabs,' and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MASS. ADVERTISING COURSE Treating the best known means by the most competent instructors, as to how to reach rural people. S^nd 10 cents, stamps or silver, for sam- ple of While's Class Advertising. bv Frank B. White, who has been '•At it Seventeen Years." Address Frank B. White Counselor at Advertising 900 Caxton Bld^. Chicago. III. 582 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 BEWARE WHERE YOU BUY YOUR BEEWARE WISS n r^=' /WATERTOWN, MAKES THE FINEST C. B. Lewis Company. Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Send for Catalog. '^". "Tfijl ^l . •p^VoTE.DV •"To'Be.E.=> •andHoNEY-tI •ANDHOMEL- 2 inches deep in the extracting-supers, and the 4X5 sections for comb honey. My principal trouble is swarming during the honey-flows, thus interrupting work in the supers. Please tell me how you would work in both cases, and I shall be very grateful to you." "In the first place, I should not expect to allow many (if any) swarms by natural swarming, from the colonies worked for ex- tracted honey; for I believe more extracted honey can be obtained where the colonies have no desire to swarm than can be by any plan which inclines the bees to swarm. ' ' " I am quite in accord with that; but how can I hinder their swarming?" "Mr. Quinby told us how, years ago, when he said that, if a colony were given from 5000 to 6000 cubic inches for a hive. and this space was filled with comb, such a colony would not be likely to swarm; and in all of my operations with bees I have found Ouinby to be very nearly correct on this point, and especially so if the honey is extracted from the combs not occupied with brood, as soon as the most of it is sealed over. ' ' "Then why should I be bothered with swarming?" "My idea of this matter would be that it is because you are using those 5/2 -inch combs in your supers. Why do you wish to use combs for extracting-purposes of that depth?" "Because I got started that way from a colony or two that I bought from a man who worked for extracted honey." "I have never been able to see any par- ticular reason for using combs of any other than the same depth as the brood-frames used in the lower hive, for extracting pur- poses." "But some use sucb, do they not?" "Yes, I know that a few of our advanced bee-keepers do use combs in the extracting- super, of a different size from those in the brood-chamber; but what few reasons have been given for such a course have seemed illogical when viewed from my standpoint. Have you any frame full of comb not in use, like those the bees are on?" "Yes." "How many?" "Probably enough to fill twenty hives." "Then as you have asked me to tell you how to work those bees, I judge I'd better tell you just how I would do it, and I would use those extra combs on twenty of the colo- nies I worked for extracted honey; and then if those colonies needed more room I would put the 5>^-inch combs on top, working for full depth combs till I had enough such combs to supply all their needs. When this was effected, the 5'^ combs would be rendered into wax. Colonies fixed with full-depth combs as above, where the honey is extracted from them as soon as ripe, will not swarm, according to my experience; and, in my opinion, if you work this way you will secure the best possible results from the colonies so worked." "This is something altogether different from what I had planned or ever worked before. ' ' "If you have any doubts I can tell you how you (or anyone else) can prove wheth- er Doolittle (or any one who tells you of something new to you), is right or wrong, when his teachings are applied to your lo- cality." "How is that?" "Just try the plan advocated on a part of your colonies, using your former plans with the rest, and this will prove the matter to your entire satisfaction. If the new plan proves good, then prepare to work the whole number you wish to work for extracted hon- ey that way. If it proves not so good as the plan or plans you have been using, then drop it, adhering to your old plans till you strike on something better. By doing in this way you may go a little slower, but you will be sure you are right iox your \oz2l\\- ty." "Thank you. That is fair, I am sure. But what about working for CDmb honey?" "In working for comb honey the bees must build their combs, or draw out foundation in the sections, at the best, and this places the bee-keeper where he will most certainly have more or less swarms, unless he hinders such by some profitable manipulation." "What do you do along this line of ma- nipulation?" "Do you wish any increase?" "I would rather have some increase, as I have not yet all the bees I wish." "The shook plan which I gave in a late number of Gleanings was one having as 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 587 its object the doing' away with all increase; but I have another plan which allows of a half increase, or one that g-ives one new colony from two full colonies at swarming- time, with no desire to swarm thereafter." "That is just what I should like, as it would g^ive me about the n amber of colonies I should like in the fall." "Take a hive having^ seven of those emp- ty combs you have on hand, and place it upon the stand of any populous colony which you have reason to think may swarm in a few days. Now select a frame from the brood-chamber which is nearly filled with honey, but having a very little brood in it, and set this comb (bees and all) in the cen- ter of the hive, thus making eight frames. Now set the sections, which were on the re- moved hive, on the new hive now on the old stand, and shake and brush all the bees off their combs down in front of the prepared hive, into which they will run as fast as shaken. Get the bees all out of the hive al- so, when you will put the frames of brood now beeless, back in the hive and set it down near another populous colony. Now take one of the combs of brood and carry it to one of your nuc ei, which you have pre- viously prepared, so you would have queens to use when you wished them, and exchange it for a comb of brood from the nucleus, having the queen and all the bees that may happen to be on it, taking this latter and placing it, queen, bees, and all, in the hive standing by the populous colony. Now fill out the hive with empty combs till the full number are in; and as soon as the hive is as you desire it to be for the next two days, set the populous colony to one side a little, and put this prepared hive in its place, and, later, remove this set-off colony to a new stand where you wish it to stay for the rest of the season. A day or two later, take the sec' ions from the removed colony and place them on the hive having the frame from the nucleus in it; and in about a week put sec- tions on the removed colony again. In this way you have on the stand of the first popu- lous colony all of its bees and one frame from the old hive with a little brood to hold the bees in a contented condition, the queen in a prolific state, ready to take advantage of the empty combs you have given, and the sections they had commenced work on, all ready for their use, and all in condition for a large yield of honey, with no desire to swarm. Next you have nearly all the brood from the first colony, a young prolif- ic queen and her attendant bees from the nucleus, together with all the field-bees and sections from the removed colony on the stand of the same, and that in a condition to carry forward the work already begun in the sections, and with swarming all done with for the season; while the removed colo- ny is in perfect condition, lest the field bees which have been r rawn off by its removal, in just the right time to stop all idea of swarming for the season. And this colony will also be ready to go to work in the sec- tions that are to be put on in a week or so after the manipulation. All three are in the best possible condition to take advan- tage of the honey harvest, which will be at its commencement now, if you have timed your labor so as to have all done about three to eight days before your expected honey- flow." "Well, now, that is worth knowing. How long have you used this plan?" "For over 25 years, and it has always proved successful." INTRODUCTORY. In assuming the management of this de- partment, I wish to solicit earnestly the personal co-operation of every reader of Gleanings residing in the western half of the United States, and more especially in those po;tions where arid and semi arid conditions prevail. I wish to receive corres- pondence relative to all matters of interest to bee-keepers. This should embrace win- tering reports, crop reports, prices, and, in fact, any information regarding the condi- tion and welfare of the industry. These w'll be carefully digested, and presented in condensed form. If the western patrons ^f Gleanings will take hold with vim and en- thusiasm, they can make this department, which has been instituted for their benefit, of great value to themselves — a sort of in- telligence bureau, through which they may keep in touch with each other. The beginner class mav send me their questions or a statement of their troubles, and I will assist them to the best of my knowledge. About July 1 I should like to begin re- ceiving crop reports. I shall pay especial attention to crop matters, and I want my de- ductions to be as reliable as possible. \ti Bees began swarming May 20 — too early for best results in Colorado. Better hold them back by judicious equalizing until a few days before the opening of the flow. \\» The bee-inspector of Fremont Co., Colora- do, reports 75 per cent of the bees "rotten with foul brood." In 1902 this county was credited with 2000 colonies. By the way, I am informed that some good locations for apiaries are still open in that county. ««< In my opinion, the development of the "shook-swarm" system is the most impor- tant advance in apiculture in the past twen- ty-five years. It not only gives practical 588 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 control of swarming, but colonies may be made as strong- as desired, with little probability of swarming. \b This is the season when foul brood flour- ishes like a "get- rich-quick" joint. Like- wise, it is the time when it can be extin- guished with the least damage to the api- arj'. Prevention is easier and better than cure — keep a sharp lookout for it, and handle it promptly when found. "What wages are paid to assistant api- arists in Colorado?" — is the substance of an inquiry from an eastern correspondent. I reply here, as, no doubt, many others are interested. Twenty to thirty dollars per month and board, dependent upon age, ex- perience, and general qualifications. Shook-swarms, to be successful, should simulate natural swarming as nearly as pos- sible. In this relation it is of the utmost importance that the bees be caused to fill themselves with honey just before shaking. Neglect of this is a fruitful cause of the ab- sconding of such swarms, A swarm liter- ally gorged with honey will usually stay where it is put, and go right to work. \ir Lots of bee-keepers throughout the West are realizing this season the iruth of that old, old proverb, "In time of peace prepare for war." The scramble for supplies is simp y tremendous. Hives can hardly be had; bees are swarming, and the honey- flow is right at hand. It is the old story. I congratulate Morehouse every time I think of the 300 hives and 50,000 sections I have ready for the fray. \«< PEAR-GROWERS AND THE BEES. Recently the pear-growers of Paonia, Delta Co., Col., bought up all the bees with- in flying distance of their orchards (some 400 colonies), and sold them at auction, the condition being that they be removed from that neighborhood. This action was taken on the supposition, supposedly pi oven, that the bees were instrumental in spreading the blight. This is not only a unique but a very sensible way to get rid of the bees, dui — I very much doubt the efficacy of the remedy. The blight will continue to spread, as other insects are more guilty than the bees. It is not unlikely that the loss in quantity and quality of the fruit, due to non-fertilization of the blossoms, will be greater than from the blight incidentally spread by the bees, and I should not be sur- prised to see our little friends returned in triumph to "where rolls" the Gunnison. \h CHEAP INCREASE. One of the problems in many parts of our country this season is the replenishment of winter losses. This can be done rapidly and cheaply by the nucleus method, and its simplicity commends it to those not highly skilled in apicultural manipulations. Take a frame of hatching brood, well covered with bees, a laying queen, or a ripe cell, and place them in the center of a hive of drawn combs. Aframe of honeyor sugar syr- up should also be included. The earlier after the weather becomes warm and settled these nuclei can be formed, the better, though in Colorado they will succeed if started as late as the first of Julj', without feeding. It requires from six to seven weeks to de- velop them into full colonies, and they will be in prime condition to gather surplus hon- ey from the fall flow. Fifteen or twenty gocd colonies may be easily increased to a hundred in this manner; and, if the season is fairly good, they will more than return their cost. They make the very best colo- nies for the succeeding year, as the queens are young and will be at their best. I made nearly one hundred such nuclei be- tween June firs* and July first, last year. With the exception of one, all wintered, and to day they are among my best colonies. it< THE CROP PROSPECT. The outlook for a crop of honey through- out the irrigated regions is generally good, excepting in Arizona and New Mexico, where the almost total absence of snowfall and spring rains has practically blighted all chances for a crop of surplus honey this season. In Colorado the winter loss amount- ed to about ten per cent, due very largely to queenlessness. The spring has been fairly favorable, and the colonies are in prime condition for the flow, which promis- es to open about June 15. Mosture conditions are highly satisfactorj', the government station in Denver reporting a more than normal amount of precipitation since Janu- ary 1. The only apparent drawback is, in some localities the alfalfa is badly winter- killed— not by cold weather, but by warm dry winds. Sweet clover is doing well, and in most localities is more than usually abundant. Conditions in Utah and Idaho are even better; the winter losses were trivial, and the few reports I have had indicate that the crop will be fully up to the average. Viewing the situation as a whole, with the exceptions noted above, the outlook is very bright, and honey- buyers "^ill not be disappointed if they depend upon shipments from the arid States for their supply of this toothsome sweetness. I also believe that our bee-keepers will receive a fair price for their product, which, if the flow is good, and care is taken, will grade high. Considerable of last year's crop is still in the hands of dealers, but I note that it is nearly all "oft" grade," and will by no means compete with the new crop. In Colorado we export only the two grades, No. 1 and No. 2, and in the East they usually pass as fancy and No. 1. The "off grades" are either extracted or sold at home at a lower price. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. E89 ^g^fiOOT There is an abundance of clover out, both red and white. The first few days of June were very warm; but it has now (the 10th) turned so cool that no bees can do any work in the field. We are daily hoping it will soon warm up. All the supply manufacturers in the country, apparently, are having- a big busi- ness in spite of the heavy winter losses. Some of them are making enlargements, just as we are. The great mortality throughout the lale region makes it hard to understand why there should be such a heavy trade. BRICK HONEY FOR SUMMER TRADE ; CUT- TING UP A SOLID CHUNK FROM A SQUARE CAN WITH AN ORDINARY BUTTER- CUTTER, SUCH AS IS USED BY WHOLESA.RE BUTTER- DEALERS; A BIG FUTURE FOR BRICK HON- EY. Learning that butter in large chunks is cut up into bricks and rolls with a special machine having taut wires evenly spaced on a metal frame, we sent and got a regu- lar butter cutter, and have been testing it this summer to supply our trade for brick honey. It is away ahead of the single-wire method of cutting as illustrated in Glean- ings, both in quantity and quality of the work. The bricks can be gauged to a mathe- matical size; and, instead of cutting one brick at a time, four or fi?e wires are forced through the mass almost as quickly as one wire. In the process of cutting, the wires sink slowly ^ai er the pressure through the chunk. If too great a pressure is exerted the wires are liable to break so that it is best to ''make haste slowly." It would be a great scheme to use one of these butler- cutters in a grocery window on a big daj'. The public would wonder what you were cutting. Of course, possible buyers would ask dozens of questions, and that is just what you want. If you have on hand some samples about an inch square, wrapped in paraffine, and give them away on one day, the probabilities are you can get rid of all your old extracted honey in an incredibly short time. I tell >ou, friends, there is bound to be a future for brick and bag honey. I would not call it "candied," but simply "brick" honey, and explain to your customers that, during cold weather, this is the natural state of all first-quality honey, for poor stuff w< uld not solidify into bricks for retail pur- poses. It is simply a question of educating your own local trade, and selling honey right around home, f jr you can not sell it outside until the public has learned to know what brick honey is. FROM THE FRYING-PAN INTO THE FIRE; A CORRECTION CORRECTED. A SHORT time ago a reporter for the Cleveland Plain Dealer visited our estab- lishment, took a number of photos, and notes for an article. These have now been elaborated into an article, the same appear- ing in the Cleveland Plain Dealer for Sun- day, June 12, and presumably it has ap- peared in Sunday editions of other papers. We explained at the time to the reporter the lies that are afloat about manufactured comb honey, and desired her (for she was a lady) to be kind enough to correct the wrong impression conveyed. To this she readily assented; but, unfortunately, and evidently with the best of intentions to re- fute the canard, she has made the matter worse, if any thing. The following para- graphs are somewhat misleading, to say the least. In speaking of the foundation and difl'erent processes of its manufacture, she says: It goes to another machine, where it is made thinner and finer, and from there to another, where it is hon- ey-combed and cut into appropriate lengths. This honey-comb is put into the hives to serve the bees merely as a foundation for their labors. It is distinct- ly a labor-saving device that men have adopted to get more of the honey itself out of the little laborers among the flowers. . . . A trip through the place is very interesting. They start you at the room where the honey-combs are made — the honey-combs, mind you, not the honey. The company has a standing offer of $1000 for the man or woman clever enough to invent a way to make arti- ficial honey, "paraffine and glucose," which is the imaginary formula sometimes given by carping crit- ics. The only danger is that some reporter or newspaper writer may read this article carelessly, gather a wrong impression, and conclude that honey-cjmb is made at our plant, when in fact we make comb founda- tion, such as all bee- keepers are familiar with, the cell-walls of which are not deeper than a sixteenth of an inch. The general public is liable to jump at the conclusion that we. The A. I. Root Co., are making bogus artificial combs. IVe have ivrilten to the publisher, and hope to have a correction. A WESTERN DEPARTMENT AND A WESTERN EDITOR. I AM please! to inform our readers that we have engaged Mr. H. C. Morehouse, of Boulder, Col., to conduct (for a time at least) a " Western department " in Gleanings, entitled " Bee-keeping among the Rock- ies." The first installment is begun in this issue, and for the present will appear once a month. Mr. Morehouse is an old newspaper man, and formerly editor of the Rocky Mountain Bee-keeper — a journal that showed most excellent editorial ability — so excellent that, when I heard Mr. M had sold out his paper, I immedia'ely entered into correspondence with him with a view to getting him to edit a department in this journal. While he sold out because he had 590 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June IS not time to get up a whole journal, I final- ly prevailed on him to edit (at least for a time) one department in Gleanings. As he is one of the officers of the Colorado State Bee-keepers' Association, and is in close touch with all its workings, he will be in position to give valuable information relat- ing to Western apicultural topics, particu- larly Colorado, where the conditions are so radically different from what they are here in the East, or that portion of the country known as the ram-belt — broadly speaking, east of the Mississippi. Mr. Morehouse has connections whereby he can reach all sec- H. C. MOREHOUSE. tions of his State and other portions of the great West, so that he will be enabled to give some idea of the quantity of the output and possible ruling prices. As he is an ex- tensive and practical bee-keeper of over a thousand colonies, our readers can rest as- sured he will be able to furnish us some- thing practical and useful. It will repay our Eastern readers to keep track of this department, for Western honey has come to be a big factor in the Eastern markets, and it is bound to be a still bigger factor in the future, because that portion of the country west of the Mississippi will undoubtedly in time produce the very much larger part of all the honey in the United States, if it does not already. Millions of acres are now being opened up to alfalfa, and this means alfalfa honey, which has now come to be recognized as a table honey of the first quality. California moun'-.ain sages will never be less abundant, because they grow where farm crops can not live. While some of the Eastern trade prefer clover or bass- wood, the time will come when they will recognize alfalfa and sage as equal to the best. Because of the importance of the great West, Gleanings has been considering for some time the need of getting a bee-keeper and an old newspaper man who is in posi- tion to keep in touch with conditions as they exist in the irrigated regions. In the realization of these hopes we feel that we are fortunate in securing the services of so capable a man, from all points of view, as our friend and editorial writer Mr. H. C. Morehouse. Just how long his time will permit him to serve us, remains to be seen; but we hope to hold him on our editorial staff for a time at least. Possibly later on he may be able to find time to prepare mat- ter for every issue. While we have a regular Western de- partment, it must not be understood that the articles of some of our Western writers will be any less welcome than before. BRICK AND BAG HONEY IN WARM WEATHER. I FIND that, in warm weather, our brick honey wrapped in paraflfine paper becomes soft, or is a little harder than butter that spreads nicely on bread; but it has not so far softened enough to make it run out of the paper. On very warm days the bricks will be quite soft, but can still be handled readily for retail purposes. Just as soon as the weather cools off, however, the hon- ey hardens again, in much the same way that butter does. Last summer I was a little fearful that this bag honey would not be suitable for retailing in mid- summer, be- cause one sample we had became so soft it began to leak. But we have a much larger amount of it on hand now, and I am pleas- ed to report it is holding its shape very well. I would still, however, advise cau- tion, and, so far as possible, get the trade to sell all candied honey before the ap- proach of genuine hot sultry weather. That this candied honev is going to have a certain and positive demand as soon as the public is educated to it is very evident. Our emploj^ees continually call for it. We have some square cans of candied honey; and as fast as we use up our bricks we peel the tin off from one chunk, slice it up, wrap it in pape , and lay it out where the em- ployees can see it. They seem to like it better than the liquid or even comb honey. One reason, I suppose, is that candied honey is a little richer in flavor, without the strong minty taste of the same honey in a liquid condition. One of our corres- pondents, Mr. J. S. Callbreath, calls our attention to this fact — one that I have often observed. GREINER'S article IN THIS ISSUE. I WOULD call attention to a valuable com- munication from Mr. Greiner, in this issue. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 591 The reader is requested to read especially that paragraph reg^arding- the scraping- of sections on coarse-mesh wire cloth. The experiment can be very easil3' tried; and if it works successfully it is a big^ thing. There are some other g-ood things in Mr. Greiner's article, and the reader should not fail to g^o over it carefully. By the way, the Ontario Co. Bee keepers' Association, in New York, is a very lively organization. It is made up of some of the most progressive bee-keepers in the country. Their discussions would do credit to any cf the best National conventions we have. FRED W. MUTH AND FAMILY. When I attended the Hamilton County beekeepers' convention at Cincinnati, last winter, I had the pleasure of meeting quite a number of bee keepers and their better halves. Among the latter was Mrs. Fred \V. Muth. She said something to the ef- fect that she was making a collection of bee-keepers' photos, and would I favor her with my picture, or, still better, one of the family group of me and mine ? To this I readily consented, but stated that as yet we had no family group picture but that I would have one taken, provided, however, Mrs. Muth would favor me with a picture of /z^r family. "Agreed !" she said. Mrs. Muth has already performed her part of the contract, and I take pleasure in present- ing a picture of which any mother or father might well be proud. Accompanying the photo Mrs. Muth sent a brief letter, which I am pleased to present to our readers. Mi-. Root:— I have three children to take care of. I am my own biddy and dressmaker, and do all my work from A to'Z; indeed, I am kept very busy. Martha, age 11, at my right, is a great help at home, and can sew, and trim her doll's hats well; while Kdna, age 9, at my left, claims she is going to be the schoolteacher. Clifford, our sunshine, as his papa calls him, says he is going to be papa's honey man, and, above all, I tell everybody I have the "sweetest'' man in town — of course, a honey-man ; why shouldn't he be sweet? Cincinnati, O. Mrs. Freda Muth. Mr. Muth himself is the "son of his fa- ther," the late Charles F. Muth, and, like his father, he is a very sweet man. He may be the "sweetest man ;" but if I were to father the statement there would be some other "better halves" who would take is- sue with me. After all, if all wives felt this way there wouldn't need to be any talk about the looseness of our divorce laws. Mr. Muth is agent for the Lewis Co. "s goods, and does quite a large business in buying and selling honey. While he is a direct competitor of the Root Co., we wish him success, and at the same time offer him congratulations upon the possession of so happy and bright-looking a family. In a later issue we hope to present soon two more Cincinnati honey-men, for, be it known, Cincinnati is quite a. sweet city. FRED -W. MUTH AND FAMILY. 592 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 thumb or finger, that I am very much in- clined to let it alone. Why, the pleasure I derive from putting together a bunch of factory hives more than pays me for the extra cost that I would MAKING ONE'S OWN HIVES. A True Story With a Good Moral to it. BY FRANK M'GLADE. I have been reading several articles on the subject of cheaper hives, which have been intensely interesting to me, especially when I remember the first few years of my experience in bee keeping. 1 bought a saw outfit with power, and was going to make my own hives and a few for the neighbors; but when I came to put them into use they would not fit, and caused me much bother. I gave the whole thing up, and have been using factory hives and all things pertain- ing thereto since, and shall continue to do so as long as I keep bees; so, in view of my experience as seen through 25 years, I say, "Lord, pity the man who buys a buzz- saw." Of course, it cati be made to work if you buy expensive machinery and pay enough for it; but the money thus spent would buy all the hives an ordinary bee-keeper would need in a life time. A buzz saw is a harmless- looking thing; but it has a habit of going in such a ' ' wob- bly" way, to say nothing of its love for a "l AM GOING TO MAKE MV OWN HIVES AND MY NEIGH- BORS'— SEE?" " LORD, PITY THE MAN WHO BUYS A BUZZ- SAW. ' ' save if / made them, to say nothing about the benefit to my temper to work at it all day in the spring. Sun shining warm, fish biting, bees humming in the trees, is like a poem. When I think of the fits I used to have, and look at the fits in a lot of factory hives, I am more than ever confirmed in the eter- nal fitness of. all things, especially those made by The A. I. Root Co. So my advice is,"Don'tbuyabuzz-saw; but if you think yr u must make your own hi/es, buy a 24-in. No. 12 skew-back Fulton hand- saw, a jack-plane, and a square. You can get pine boxes at the store for 5 cents each, on which you can practice, and it will not cost so much. I winter mj' bees on their sum- mer stands. I buy coffee-boxes at the stores for 10 cents each ; take off the top and bottom; saw off 3 inches of the edge of one end and nail it inside. I set this case over the hive, which is about three or four inches larger than the hive. This I pack with clover chaft"; takeoff supers; put over the frames a piece of rag carpet, and fill up with chaff for covers. I get steel roofing in rolls; cut pieces 36 in. long; snip corners, and fold down. These cost 20 cts. each; pack them thus, and let them go. Since doing this way I have not lost a colony. This last winter they were confined from Nov. 1 until Jan. 22, about 85 days continuously, with all 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 593 entrances open full width, and they all came throug^h finely. I have tried chaff cushions in supers, and have always had trouble with them, on account of their g^etting wet, and rotting and tearing. Now I use rag" carpet. If you leave supers on, try a few packed with old rag- carpets. I think j'ou will be pleased with the results. Better say something to the women about it, before you take it, as thej' might not like it. Mine didn't. HIVES MADE AT THE PLANING- mill; are they ANY better? Several j'ears ag-o I built up an apiary near Springfield, and decided to patronize a plan- ing-mill for the hives. Sure- ly, where they had ample pow- er the saw would i un right, and then I could pick out the lumber tosuitm3 self; but I found, when I came to select the kind it seemed I wanted, the lumber was too dear, and I was com- pelled to take a cheaper grade. Well. I did the best I could. The man looked at his watch, pushed the lever, and away went that saw, and it looked as if "WHY. THE PLEASURE I DERIVE FROM PUTTING T0(, ETHER BUNCH UF FACTORY HIVES MURE THAN PAYS THE EXTRA COST. 'the fits I USED TO HAVE, AND "THE ETERNAL FITNESS OF ALL THINGS." all would be plain sailing; but be- fore I got through I saw my mis- take, and heartily wished myself out of it. In the first place, the man knew nothing of what I want- ed. He was competent enough to handle the machines and g^et out an order for panel doors, or sash and blinds; but a hive was out of his line, and I had to tell him as we went along ; and I tell you, for a greeny to go in there and try to measure and figure and count with that old saw running at the rate of $1.00 an hour soon gets one rattled, or it did me. Well, after it was all over it looked as if I must have selected lumber with strings in it, for the ends looked like the frayed end of a piece of rag carpet, and were beautifully corrugated ; and when I put them up I felt all the time that I ought to have iron rods to hold them to- gether. I want a hive specialist to make my hives, and don't want any bet- ter than the kind they make at Medina. Pataskala, O. [It is not impossible to get "bad fits" on factory hives if the dove- tailing should happen to be done when the lumber is not quite dry. It is then that the manufacturer gets "particular fits." — Ed.] 594 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 TOP-BARS THICK, MEDIUM, AND THiv. Their Relations to Brsce-combs; Nomenclature. BY S. T. PETTIT. While perusing the bee- papers I notice that some writers use the teims 'brace- combs " and " burr ccmbs " indiscriminate- I3'. Indeed, I opine that the average bee- keeper has no very well defined discrimina- tions between the two kinds. It is well to have all names and terms well defined. Recently I have been looking- over the glossary of the ABC book fcr your defini- tions of brace combs and burr- combs; and now I am of the opinion that, like almost all human first efforts, they may with profit be revised. A good many bee keepers can not subscribe to them as they are; so, in order that we may perfectly understand each oth- er, and be understood by others, I will in this article ignore the terms referred to and use, instead, the term "wax,"' always mentioning just where the bothersome " wax " is. I am sure I can make myself better understood by so doing. I take this liberty because our authority. Dr. Miller, has set or made a precedent, p. 791, 1903. I am aiming at preventing the deposit of wax where we do not want it, regardless of names just now, by the use cf a proper top- bar. I believe there is no part of the interior construction of a hive that performs a more important function than the top-bar, stand- ing as it does right in the road to the su- pers; and that its improper make-up will cause more mischief than the improper con- struction of any other interior part of the hive, except that of the queen-bar, or ex- cluder. Indeed, I am not sure that even the queen-bar should be excepted. Then the very best possible should be the aim. But among the great variety in use, the question is, " Which is the best? " or has it yet been born? The answers on page 132, Aniej-ican Bee Journal, to the questions, " Would you use a frame with thick top- bars? If so, why? If not, why?" aiTord quite a study, and give some information. First, we learn that those who answer in the affirmative do not all mean the same thing; nor do those who answer in the neg- ative. Mr. P. H. Elwcod says, "Yes, a half-inch." Rev. M. Mahin says, "I would not. I have always used a top-bar only )^ inch thick." One calls K inch thick, and the other regards it as thin. If the question had been specific enough to ask, " W^hat thickness do you prefer? ' ' likely the desired information would have been given. My purpose in this paper is to throw some needed light if I can. Of those who give definite figures, only three use so much depth as % inch, while ten use ')% and un- der. It seems pretty clear that Mrs. J. M. Null voices the views of a large majority of AN OUT-APIARY OF 95 COLONIES IN AUSTRALIA. SEE PAGE 604. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE ClJLll'Rr. 595 those who answer when she says: "I pre- fer to have the top-bars of just sufficient thickness to secure the strength needed. I prefer honey in the brood-nest or super to wood." I am not a little disappoin'ed that only two make any specific mention of wax be- hueen top-bars. Thej' are what gives the most trouble. A few strikes with a suitable hoe will clean the tops of the top-bars in short order. But it is, indeed, a very dif- ferent job to get the wax from between top- bars. Mr. G. W. Demarce says, "A too thick top- bar is a waste of room, and invites the bees to increase the nuisance known as burr-combs between the top bars." Being a believer in thin top-bars, and knowing as I do that there will be less wax between thin than thick ones, I here give a selection of what some others say that sup- ports my claim. At the last meeting of the O. B. K. A. Mr. J. B. Hall said, while discussing the best means of keeping combs in place while niDving bees, that he had no trouble; there were burr- combs enough for that, or words to that effect. I am much obliged to Mr. Hall for that candid admission, as it re- moves some misunderstandings. Mr. Hall uses a %-inch top-bar. Mr. Coggshall says, '' Jt is not necessary to have J^-inch top-bars. The width is what prevents burr- combs in New York — Gleanings, page 485." Dr. Miller uses a y% top-bar, so I repeat what he once said when speaking to Ed. Root: " I attach more importance to J. M. Mack's tool than you, for I can hardly agree that the accumulation of wax and propolis between top bars does no particular harm. It means a good many bees killed if you don't go slow, and in time the accumula- tions become such that the spacing is great- pendicular spaces. May I ask the reader to dwell a little upon this statement? Let us endeavor to get at the truth of what is the best thickness of top-bars for all Canada and all the United States ex- cept those localities where climatic condi- tions and quality of timber may possibly require a top-bar somewhat different from ours in construction. The arguments I pre- sume that weigh the most with the seeker of truth are, carefully conducted and ex- haustive experiments, and attentive and varied observations. To make myself better understood, I am sending you a phcto of sections of top bars, the sides of which are of unequal thickness- es. By placing frames with such top-bars in hives as shown in the figures above you have virtually thin and thick top bars al- ternated through the hive; that is, two thin sides together, a fair representation of thin top-bars; then two thick sides together, which represent thick top bars (of course, about % to fg inch bee spaces between the bars). In one figure the sides are respect- ively y% and /s, and in the other ;s and %, The width is ] /g inch. Nearly a quarter of a century ago I made quite a large number of frames with such top-bars, and tested them in the brood- chamber, and, later, in the extracting-su- pers. Some of them are still in use in the supers, and during all these years I have seen more wax between the thick sides than between thin sides. For many years no care has been taken to place them as shown in the figures; but they happen so once in a while. In the mean time I used black, Italian, Cyprian, and Carniolan bees and their crosses; and in every instance coming under my observation there was no depart- ure from the universal rule — the thicker the top bars, the more wax between them; and, vice versa, the thinner the top-bars, pettit's suggestion for top-bars. er."— Gleanings, p. 791, 1903. And more: If any one will take time to look through Dr. Miller's excellent new book, 'Forty Years among the Bees," and take a look along the sides of the eight or ten frames therein shown, he will be pretty well con- vinced that the deep spaces between %-inch- thick top-bars are irresistible temptations to the bees to occupy them with wax. A thinner top-bar, and the consequently short- er space, alleviates that temptation just in proportion to the shorter or shallower per- the less wax between them, all other things being equal. I took both comb and extract- ed honey over such top bars for years. And, further, I took comb honey for years over top-bars ranging in thickness from y% to one inch, and the showing was always the same. It will be gratifying to me if others will experiment and observe carefully. I had no axes to grind, but I desired to abate the wax nuisance. The Y?, top bar properly spaced gives good results in that regard, 596 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 but I would chose a thinner one if practica- ble. Mr. Editor, by your indulgence, in my next I will point out other advantages of thin top- bars. Now that forced swarm- ing is so largely coming into use, it is of much importance that the wax bother be- tween top bars be abated. Aylmer (West), Ont., Can. [It would be difficult to make a glossary that would have terms that would suit every one. After all, nomecclaiure is a good deal a matter of custom and general usage. You can't change a name that is accepted. The word 'burr-combs'' means those that are built en top of the top-bars. Brace-combs are those that are built between them — bracelike — hence the name. I can not see for the life of me why "brace combs" is not an exact and appropriate name. You have given some good arguments in favor of a medium thick top-bar. We had just that kind of bar some three cr four years ago; but in response to requests we increased the thickness to /s ; but for all that, I am inclined to think it would have been better if we had stuck to the old thick- ness— "Is. You have probably made this one question a little more of a study than the average person — the relation cf brace- combs, combs between top-bars — to the thickness of the same. Possibly we may yet adopt a thinner bar. — Ed.] ONTARIO CO. bee-keepers' CONVENTION. Reminiscences and Comments; a Good Article. BY F. nREINER. When, upward of 50 years ago, a few bee-keepers of Germany concived the idea of holding annual conventions, and sent out invitations to the other bee keepers of their acquaintance, one of them replied that he did not see any necessity for attending such gatherings, as he knew all there was to be found out about bees. When we now look back and see what has been found out about this little insect, we almost feel sorry for a man who could have any such idea of his own knowledge. We to-day may know a great deal more than this man did; but we are still far from knowing all, and it will certainly pay us to be on the watch and get what information we can wherever we can. Bee keepers' meetings are now not only so- cial gatherings, although even as such they are valuable, but they help to disseminate knowledge; they help us, encourage us, they return us every cent they cost us, and much more. It is a great pity that so many, who might, do not avail themselves of the opportunities they offer. In many lo- calities, for instance, the bee-keepers are very much stirred up about foul brood. Undoubtedly they have reason to be. Would it not be wise in us " who do not know foul brood," to post ourselves, to find out all about it, particularly if this knowledge is brought almost right to our doors? IS IT SAFE TO USE FOUNDATION MADE FROM WAX OF FOUL-BROODY COMBS ? One of the topics on the program of the Ontario County Beekeepers' meeting in Canandaigua, Jan. 6 and 7, was foul brood, although the dread disease had never made its appearance in this part cf the State. The man to handle the subject was no other than Mr. N. E. France — a man who has had a very extended and varied experience with the disease, and one who could be re- lied upon. I confess I came away from our convention feeling a great deal easier, and much better prepared to cope with the dis ease should it appear in my yards, although I have studied and read for 25 years all about foul brood I could find. Let us re- view a few of the things Mr. France told about. 1. The so called McEvoy treatment, if followed to the letter, has cured every case of foul brood Mr. France has ever met. What is the cost of treatment? That is a grave question. Mr. F. answers it in this way: He found an apiary of 200 colonies badly infected or diseased. All colonies had to be treated. The obtained combs were melted up and made into wax. All hands, the good woman of the owner in- cluded, worked all night renderingthe combs into wax and filling the boiled frames with the foundation made from it on a given foundation-press. The next day the colo- nies could be placed on the foundation- fill- ed frames; the hives were also boiled, and so was the honey, which latter was heated to a temperature not over 210 degrees, and fed back to the bees as quickly as possible. Not counting the rendering of the combs, the whole operation of making the change from hives full of foul brocd to clean hives filled with clean sheets of comb foundation amounted to just 16 cents per hive, and the colonies were left in most excellent condi- tion to take hold of the honej'-llow. Just think! a whole apiary of 200 hives, full of crooked imperfect combs, drone combs, etc., changed to combs as perfect as can be, all for 16 cents per hivel I feel inclined to give my bees a like treatment just for the sake of the perfect combs to be obtained thereby. In the case related, nothing was lost except some unhatched brood. Every thing else was returned to the bees — hives, frames, wax, hone}', within 24 hours. The owner ot another apiary could write to Mr. France some time after the bees were treated by the McEvoy plan: "The occurrence of foul brood in my yard has been a benefit to me. The colonies which had been treated for foul brood have given me more surplus honey than the healthy colonies not so treated." The rendering of foul- broody combs into wax, and using the obtained wax for foun- dation, produces no bad effect, so says Mr. F. To test this matter thoroughly he had obtained quite a quantity of badly diseased combs from different bee-yards. They were made into wax under moderate heat. Finally the wax was made into foundation 1904 Gi-EANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 597 by one of the regular foundation-manufac- turers, Mr. France standing- watch with a thermometer, so that an overheating of the wax should not take place. When his little batch of foundation was done he took it and used it in 60 hives in several different yards where foul brood had never visited, so far as could be ascertained. Three years have now gone b3', but no disease has as yet made its appearance. Another confirmation that wax of foul- broody combs can be safely used for foun- dation was brought to notice by Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson, saying that Mr. R. L. Taylor had made wax from diseased ccmbs by so- lar heat alone, made it into foundation, and used it in clean hives. No disease had come from it. It seems from all this that foul brood is not so contagious as I was led to believe. PICKLED BROOD ; HOW CAUSED AND HOW CURED. Speaking of pickled brood, Mr. France said it was not a contagious disease, and is produced only by starvation, usually oc- curring during the honey-dearth between dandelion and clover blocm. To prove the correctness cf this, Mr. F. selected a large apiary which had in previous years been regularly afflicted with the disease. Every other row was lightly fed every night dur- ing the spell mentioned. No colony so fed contracted the disease, but the others did. His conclusion was ihat feeding will al- ways prevent or cure pickled brood. Feed any way when there is a let- up in the hon- ey-flow, between the flows. HONEY-PACKAGES. Mr. France, being an extracted- honey man, was considerably "pumped " on the matter of producing and selling the article. As a retail package, he did not speak with favor of the Mason glass can. The green color of the glass gives the honey a bad ap- pearance; besides, the honey siphons out and besmears the can. He prefers a tin package entirely covered with a flashy la- bel. For large packages he would rather handle a 500-lb. barrel than a crate of two 60 1b. cans. They are back breakers, he says. A KINK IN HANDLING A CRATE OF SQUARE CANS. I want to mention here a Coggshall trick of handling the crates holding two 60-lb. cans. He tilts the crate on the edge corner- wise, and thus slides it over the floor at — well, lightning speed, thus avoiding the car- rying of them. Of course, eventually they will have to be lifted if to be tiered up. HONEY VINEGAR VS. ACID VINEGAR FOR PICKLES. Mr. France spoke of inducing a large pickle- factory to make their vinegar of hon- ey. On inquiry they informed him that they used acids to make their vinegar. Acid vinegar will eat up the pickles, he told them, while honey vinegar will keep them in fine order indefinitely. Has it really come to this, that poisonous acids must be used when large quantities of apples, and honey in the flowers, go to waste every year— enough, if made into vinegar, to sup- ply the whole world with a wholesome ar- ticle? This ought to be stopped for the sake of the welfare of the nation. A short time ago, when passing the wine- cellar of Mr. Maxfield, the wealthiest man in my town, I noticed a large glass jug boxed in wood, of the capacity of ten or twelve gallons, outside of the establish- ment. 1 remembered these jugs from my bo3 hood days as being used for sulphuric acid. The attendant of the cellar, an hon- est German from the "Fatherland," stood near by, and I asked him about the jug — what it had contained— and he said, " Sul- phuric acid." I made no more inquiry as to what they used the stuft" for, but I had my opinion about it. The owner of the es- tablishftient, and of innumerable farms and vineyards in the vicinity, evidently can not make money fast enough producing an hon- est grape wine, so he tries to increase his profits b}' the use of sulphuric acid in his wines, and thus helps to destroy the stom- achs of his customers. It is the same with the acid vinegar. The use of it should be prohibited. Perhaps a large share of our inferior grades of honey could then be work- ed up into vinegar. WHEN TO PUT EXTRACTED IN RETAIL PACK- AGES. Mr. France said that it had bothered him, sometimes, when filling retail pack- ages, because a scum would rise on the honey after standing a while. But he found that, after storing the honey in a tank for a time, no scum would rise. Hon- ey shou'd, therefore, not be drawn into re- tail packages as soon as extracted. I would say that it is not wise to fill re- tail packages ahead of the time wanted for the trade, on account ot the tendency of al- most all honey to granulate. It is true that, when honey is heated up to about 150 degrees soon after extracting, and bottled while hot, and sealed, it will or may re- main liquid for all time. I have some glass cans in my honey house to-day, Jan. 25, containing honey which was heated the next day after extracting, Aug. 20, and some which was not heated. The former is perfectly liquid, the other is perfectly solid. All honey, however, can not be depended upon to remain liquid, even when heated up as stated. It is better to store honey in a metal tank, and heat it up as soon and as often as it begins to show any granulation, then draw off into small packages when wanted. This method will save trouble and vexation. When one has his customers educated to the point that they will take the granulated honey, that would, of course, make a difference. SCRAPING SECTIONS ON COARSE-MESH WIRE CLOTH. During the afternoon of the second day 598 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 there was a little unoccupied time which Mr. Chester A. Oltflstead, of East Bloom- field, improved by explaining his rapid method of handling- comb honey, scraping- and crating it. He said a great deal of time is unnecessarily wasted by many a bee-keeper in getting his honey ready for the market because his comb-honey supers are faulty. The scalloped bottom- bars of section-holders, he said, are a nuisance, as the sections and bottom-bars do not fit each other exactlj', causing propolis to be depos- ited in places where it can not be got en at very readily. If all the gluing is done on the bottom or top of the section or the out edges of the (beeway) section, then it can be scraped off easily and quickly by sliding the sections over a tightly stretched piece of wire screen of '4 inch mesh; whereas if any glue is deposited in the scallops it has to be removed with a knife, which takes more time. He does not use a top-bar to his section holders; but for what reason I do not now recollect. The section- holder with a top-bar (in other words a wide frame) is my own preference; and why this of A. I. R.'s invention has ever been relegated to the things of the past (by the manufactur- ers) is really more than I can understand. I can not 3'et believe that the honey- produc- ers are wholly to blame for that, although I find but few of the bee-keepers around me who speak in high terms of it. I have heard many objections raised to the wide frame, particularly by those who had had no experience with it; but none of those ob- jections have been worthy of any consider- ation. I believe I am in a good position, judging from the merits of the wide- frame super as compared with other kinds, as I have the different styles in use. Give me the wide-frame super every time. I can handle them quicker on and off the hive; I can take the honey out quicker than from anj^ other super, and I can certainly clean more sections from them in a given time. I have many a time been greatly surprised to learn how long it took some of the friends to crate their honey. With wide frames it is a short job indeed, and I have not used Olmstead's screen-scourer either. But it is with my sections as Mr. O. says: The pro- polis is just exactly where it can be scraped off with one swoop, and no fooling. I fully agree with Mr. Olmstead — no scalloped bottom-bars for me. A straight and (if anything) a narrower bottom-bar than the bottoms of the sections is what I want, and top bar the same. Whether the separator is solid wood, fence, wire screen, or what not, is another consideration which may be taken up at another time. olmstead's method of putting paper tra.ys in shipping-cases. To return to Mr. Olmstead's rapid method of crating honey: He has his own method of placing paper trays, and the strips for the sections to rest upon, in his crates, and he is making some good points indeed. I may be able to give an illustration of his device if my camera will do the work well. The frame which pushes the paper tray — folded around the Irame — into the crate has notch- es cut out in proper places; and alter the paper is pushed down to the bottom the sticks are dropped in after putting a little glue on them. A little glue was also drop- ped into each corner of the crate before the tray was put in, so the paper and also the sticks are held thus in their places. As soon as the frame is withdrawn, the outside sticks are finally put in their places with a little glue, and the crate is ready to receive the sections. A special point Mr. O. made, was, have the strips in the crates short enough; when a trifle too long they will cause the edge of the paper tray to turn inward just a little, and sections are apt to catch when pushed down, and thus spoil the tray. The follow- er usually sent out with the crate stuff is placed by Mr. O., not at the outside, but in the center of the crate. He thinks this will serve as a protection when cra.tes are stacked up one on top of the other. I have never used nails to fasten the strips in the crates, but always took gum arable for this purpose. I could place them near enough by eye; and gum arable, not setting like glue, would give me an opportunity to slide the strips a little one way or the oth- er if it seemed necessary. Before shipping the honey the gum arable would become dry, and hold the strips perfectly. I have never found it necessary to glue the tray into the crate with my way of putting in the trays. I can fold from three to five pa- pers over a board of the right size at one time, and with a little practice it takes al- most no time to place the tray where it be- longs. Then I drop in the five strips hap- hazard, and stack up the empty crates thus prepared. When ready for crating sec- tions, the five strips are placed close to- gether, side and side, upon the work-bench, and with the brush the liquid glue is spread on with one stroke; then they are placed back in the crate by eye, as described above. Prepared gum arable, if it stands around long, will of-ten sour and become moldy. A little salicylic acid stirred in will prevent this. This little kink may be be of value to some. Naples, N. Y. [This communication came in some months ago; but owing to a lack of space at the time, and owing to the further fact that 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 599 manj'. of the points sug'g'ested would be mare seasonable later on, we have held it until now. The ordinar}' process of making- founda- tion subjects the wax to a hig-h tempera- ture long enoug-h to preclude all possibility of any of the germs in the spore form being left alive. We have j'et to hear of a case where foul brood was ever transmitted through foundation. You quote Mr. France as saying that " the hives were boiled, so also the honey." I do not understand whether you mean that the hives were merely immersed in boiling water, and the honey brought to a temper- ature of 210, and thea allowed to cool. One of our old subscribers, Mr. J. A. Buchan- an, some years ag-o boiled some foul- broody honey for seven or eight minutes. He took it oH, and, when cool, fed it to his bees. In every one of the colonies fed with this hon- 63', foul brood developed within ten days. A number of laboratory tests have been con- ducted, showing that the spores of foul brood will sometimes resist a boiling tem- perature for ^wo hours. The spores must not be confused with the active bacilli, which would be killed almost instantly, probably, by a boiling temperature. We shall be glad to hear from Mr. France on this point, as his experience has been very extended. But the question is so important that we can not afford to take chances nor make any mistakes. It won't cost much to err on Ihe safe side. The scheme of scraping sections on coarse- mesh wire cloth is a valuable one, and I do not remember seeing it in print before. Our subscribers will have a chance to test it within a week or ten days, and we shall be glad to get reports from all who try it. — Ed.] SELLING BOTH BY WEIGHT AND THE PIECE. Some New Old Ideas. BY T. K. MASSIE. Seeing that the question of how we shall sell our section comb honey, whether by weight or by the piece, is being discussed pro and con, I write to ask, why not com- promise the whole case by adopting a size for our sections that will admit of selling both ways — do justice to all parties con- cerned, and end the discussion? A section which can be sold either by the pound — one that will hold a full pound — or by the piece will do this. Of course, all sections of any size whatever will not weigh exactly the same; but I have said, and here repeat, that the 4XX5Xl>s section comes nearer averaging a pound than any other size. Well- filled sections of this size will average rather over than under 16 ounces, the size my selfishness causes me to desire. We are all more or less selfish. If I sell a man 20 sections by the piece, and tell him that they will average a full pound, and then place them on the scales and show him that the actual weight of the honey is 20 pounds and 5 ounces, his selfishness causes him to think that he has gotten the best of me in the deal, and he becomes then my permanent customer. I\ly selfishness caused me to delight in giving that over- weight for the sole purpose of securing a permanent customer. If I had sold him the honey by weight he is likewise pleased- We should also delight in giving full weight. If I charge him half a cent per section more when selling to him by the piece, he is still satisfied, because, looking at the matter from his standpoint, he has a little the best of the bargain. As a rule, the American people always want the best end of a bargain. Then why not adopt the Ayi X5Xl>s sec ion for a standard? Since 1886 I have tested more different styles of hives, frames, separators, sections, and other devices than almost any one: and in my early investigations I had a desire to give the resrlts to the public through the bee-journals; but when j would send in my experience the articles nearly always went to the waste basket. PVequently I told of the advantages of two story hives, closed- end frames, shallow frames, wide vs. deep frame tops, sealed covers, etc. ; but the re- sult was always the same. When a theory presented itself to my mind I would follow it up to see if it would prove well in prac- tice. I could not get the bees to fill the 4 '4: square sections in the T supers with solid tin separators. Theory suggested that the solid separators divided the bees up into too many small divisions. I saw that, while a separator was necessary for best results, it should be as near nothing as it was pos- sible to make it. In 1887 I mad° 6 separa- tors of perforated zinc by nailing strips i\ inch thick on each side, one on each end and one on the center of every A^i inches where the edges of sections would come in contact with it. In part of them I turn- ed the long way of the slot perpendicularly, and in the others it was turned horiz:)ntal- ly. I then cut the shoulders (beeways) off the corners of some sections, and placed them in the center of a T super between my zinc separidtors, the rest of the super being filled out with the tin separators. It was very clear that more bees were at work on the sections between the zinc separators than there w( re between the tins, and the middle sections were more quickly and bet- ter filled than the others. The next season I placed the zinc at one side of the super, with the tins in the oth- er. Result was about the same, but per- haps not quite so decisive. Theory sug- gested that these small divisions of bees ought to have side or horizontal communica- tions with each other, and that this ar- rangement would give belter ventilation. Practice (of course the experiment was not a thorough test) seemed to prove the theory a correct one. I had also been testing sealed covers for wintering, and the wide vs. deep frame-tops to prevent burr-combs. In 1889 or '90 I wrote an article for Glean- 600 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 INGS, setting forth the advantag-es of " seal- ed covers," " wide frame tops, " and advo- cating the adoption of what 1 there called a "perforated separator;" but the article, like some others, was never published. In that article I predicted that the 4'4 square section and the solid separators would not hold out to be "standard" always; that they both had to go. The great demand that has sprung up for the 4X5 section and fence separator has verified that prediction. I again predict that, ere long, the 4V X5X/S section will come into general use. I wish that such was the case now, as I wish to use it in my hive. In the article above referred to I describ- ed how I thought the separator could be made, which was of tin, perforated like queen excluding zinc, but have the perfora- tions somewhat larger than those for drones, ends cleated where tiie sections came in contact with the separator, and use plain no-beeway sections. I saw that a vast amount of lumber was yearly wasted in the beeways cut into the sections every year, and insisted that the cleats on the separators should be made to carry per- manently the beeways each and every year, save the great loss of good lumber, and rid ourselves of those objectionable corners. This f alure is now carried out in the fence separators. I have never seen a Hyde- Scholl separator; but from the description given of it, it seems to embody the identical principles of the one I user, the adoption of which I advocated in the aiticle above re- ferred to. The fence separator carries out some of those features. I am now figuring on a separator by which I hope touse 36 sections in my super. During the fifteen years my hive was undergoing experiment I tried nearly every theor}' and device I ever saw suggested. I made a device for raising several queens in one hive, and, notwithstanding the fact that I gave up the use cf the Simplicity hive some ten years ago, I still have parts of all these " inventions " scattered around yet, which I can produce to prove, if nec- essary, that I have not been behind the pro- cession in testing the various styles of hives, frames, etc., and in bringing to the front new invettions. In Majs 1891, I commenced a series of ar- ticles in a new publication. The Bee World, in which I referred indirectly to a few writers in hopes of drawing them into an argument in favor their pet "standard" theories; but in this I again failed. It seemed to me that some of our bee-keepers were so deep-seated in their prejudices, and so shortsighted, that they thought a new hive or other appliance, even though better than what we were then using, could never become standard. Tophet, W. v., Feb. 20. [So, friend Massie, you find that sepa- rators with free communications back and forth give better results than those that are solid, confining the bees to small compart- ments in their comb-building. Your expe- rience has been that of hundreds of others who have used fences in comparison with solid separators. The 4 J4^ X 5 section is another change in size, and it would, perhaps, be very diffi- cult to get it introduced. It was hard enough to start the 4x5; and the general public wants something that can be sold at retail for 15 cents rather than 20. We did not know that we had rejected any of the communications referred to. If we did th y probably came at a time when we were overcrowded with copy. At such times, unfortunately, we are not able al- ways to use the best or most important that comes to us. Why this should be so, no one, perhaps, but a publisher can fully ap- preciate.— Ed.] FIRST SWARMS. How to Hive Them in the Parent Hive and Make Them Stay; When to Practice Shook Swarm- ing; Some Seasonable Kinks. BY J. E. HAND. Ever}' honey- producer knows how annoy- ing it is to have a swarm issue and lea.ve a lot of parti}' filled sections on the parent hive, and near the close of the honey har- vest. Perhaps the supers from the old hive would not fit the new hive. I well remem- ber, about fifteen years ago, this was ex- actly the fix I was in, and I knew that, if I could hive back those swarms and make them stay a week, those sections would be filled, and it would then be so near the cose of the harvest that the bees would ha\c no further desire to swarm; but how to m. l^e them stay, that was the rub. Right at this time 1 ran across an article in one of the old bee- journals which I was reading, as I was Ij'iug under the shade of the trees one hot day in July, watching for these same swarms. I believe it was from the pen of the venerable Chas. Dadant. It ran thus: To hive back swarms and make them stay for a week to ten days, and do work equal to any new swarm without cut- ting out any queen-cells, simply hive the new swarm beside the parent hive, and, after 48 hours, shake all the bees of the new swarm out of their hive in front of the parent hive, and let them run in. The de- sire for swarming is now satisfied, and the queen-cells will be destroyed. I then tried this plan on all swarms that came out after that during the rest of that season, and ev- ery swarm so treated worked with a vim equaled by only a new swarm, and none of them swarmed out again. This is one of the old kinks that is worth keeping in sight. I shall try it again the coming sea- son. I notice on page 119 Mr. Doolittle advises making "shook" swarms a week or ten pays before the honey harvest. Now, I know from sad experience that this is very dangerous advice; and as swarming time 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 601 is near, some may be led to make such swarms to their cost. I once thought that was the right waj'; but I know better now, and I paid for my knowledge. I went to an out-apiarj' some five years ago, and made about 20 brushed swarms, as I supposed, about a week before the honey harvest; but, alas I it turned out to be about one year be- fore the honey harvest, for neither clover nor basswood gave any surplus, and you can im- agine what a job of feeding I had; whereas, if I had waited until the honey-flow was on in good earnest I should never have made them, and so would have saved myself a lot of trouble and expense. My advice to all is, be sure of 3'our honey harvest before j'ou make any artificial swarms. The bees themselves know a great deal more about these matters than some bee-keepers, and they never swarm until there is plenty of honey coming in. It is well to follow na- ture's plan along the line of swarming as well as queen-rearing. Birmingham, Ohio, Maj' 5. [The hint here given from the much re- spected Charles Dadant is a valuable one, for the simple reason that, in a large num- ber of apiaries, there is a diversity of hives and supers. This often makes it impractic- able— yes, impossible — to carry out the usual mode of procedure, to hive on empty combs or frames of foundation on another hive put on the old location, putting on it the super that was on the parent hive. I should be glad to get reports from those who have either tested or can test the Dadant method of preventing after-swarms. Regarding the method of making shook swarms a week or ten days before the honey harvest, we have had other reports showing that the bees must not be shaken much be- fore actual swarming preparations have been made, or else the whole artificial plan will result in failure. The bees must be- gin to feel a condition of prosperiiy that will bring on a desire for natural swarm- ing, before it is practicable to carry out forced swarming. — Ed.] FLANGED CUPS. Is it Necessary to Use Royal Jelly ? shall Protect- ors be Used ? BY SWARTHMORE. Dlr. Root:—\ trust you will allow me to defend my position in the criticism of Mr. Phillips' article on "Modern Uueen- rear- ing," in your May 15th issue. In your ed- itorial footnote you seem to be laboring un- der the impression that Swarthmore flange cups w/^^/" be drawn " one at a time." If you will read again my notes you will see that I make special mention of the fact that one cell or the barful can be removed from the top of the hive without lifting the frame; and, I may add, without even opening the hive, or in any way disturbing the bees. without smoking or prying. Simply raise the cover, and there they are. Take one or all as you like. When cells are attached to the under side of a bar, in the middle of a brood-frame, as you recommend, it is al- ways necessary to lift that frame before you can get at your cells. This operation tears the bi es apart and otherwise disturbs them, and they do not recover from the shock for several hours. During this time the cells are, to a certain extent, neglected, and honey-gathering is seriously retarded. When J'OU draw a flange cup, or lift a Swarthmore cell bar, no ruptures are made, thus no mending of brace-combs has to be done by the bees. The cluster about the cells need not be even broken; in fact, the bees continue to feed the cells while it is in hand. I do not wish to force my methods upon any bee-keeper; but I should like to be un- derstood by any who, perhaps, would like to use methods to reduce labor and increase product, both in quantity and quality. The flange cup will win out, for the reason that it saves much labor, increases product, adds to quality, and reduces expense— four mo&t excellent points, j'ou must admit. Now as to swabbing new cups. You say it is just as easy to transfer jelly. I say it is not, and there is just where we differ. Does it not stand to reason that a person can simply thrust a stick into cups more rapidly than he can transfer a drop of jelly into each? It need not be jelly taken from a queen- cell. It can be any chyle food found in any cell. All the cups may be primed at once, and done with for ever, as long as that cup lasts, and we have had some in use four years. By the jelly plan you must do it while the food is warm or you will chill the larva;; furthermore, you must have it fresh — ^ all careful, painstaking work; and if it is real- ly unnecessary, why insist that bee-keep- ers fuss in that manner, if a better way has been found? I thank you for your kind mention in the rest of your footnote, and feel encouraged to make further study into labor-saving methods for bee-keepers. Swarthmore, Pa., May 27. [To this our Mr. Geo. W. Phillips, who has reared queens in Jamaica, his old home, and who has subsequently been our foreman at the Medina queen- rearing yards, replies:] Mr. Pratt's article on " Modern Oueen- reaj ing " (see May 15th Gleanings) was published when I was hard pressed with work at school, and, consequently, I could not give it the attention it demanded. Since he has written again, however, I take the opportunity to make a few remarks with reference to the points on which he difi^ers with me, and declares to be " wasteful, ex- travagant, or unnecessary." Is the use of royal jelly in grafting " wasteful " in time, patience, and quality of queens? Has Mr. Pratt found by actual 602 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 experience that the supplying of jelly wasted his time and tested his patience? The job may be so expeditiously performed that I don't see how a bee-keeper of his cal- iber could find it trying-; and as for saying that its use reduces the quality of the queens, I am sure the assertion is so well refuted by experience that any attempt on my part to disprove it would be superflu- ous. That cells may be grafted without jelly, I am aware; but I am also aware that the percentage of such cells accepted will be smaller than the other. But how nicely will the tiny drop of jelly receive the larva from your grafting tool, while to lay one on the hard dry bottom of a cell is a compara- tively difficult task ! Besides, when one has over a hundred cells to graft at one opera- tion the use of jelly becomes a necessity or the larva? will die before he gets through. There is not nearly as much danger of getting larvse chilled by using " cold " jel- ly as Mr. Pratt represents. There is more danger of having it exposed to the air, and becoming hard and unfit for use. Perhaps jelly will never become too cold to use where the weather is warm enough to allow the transferring of larva?. True, bees will re- move the jelly supplied in grafting, but not until after it has served its purpose. As a rule, queen- cells built from wooden cups may be given without protectors; yet, since it entails but little extra work Is If not belter to give them protectors? No long- er ago thnn 3esterday one of the apiarists r here called my attention to a cell, given un- protected, that had been torn open at the side. Now, during a honey- flow bees will often build comb all over the cells; and in removing this a cell may be slightly dam- aged. The bees will destroy this promptly; while if given in a protector it will hatch in due time. It may be, however, that Mr. Pratt can accomplish in his miniature nu- clei what can not be done in larger colonies. Mr. Pratt says it is wasteful to destroy good compressed cells every time virgins hatch. Did I say otherwise? Let me quote from "Modern Queen- rearing. " . "This makes an artificial embryo queen-cell of great durability. All that is necessary in order to use it again is to trim off the out- growth even with the wood, and let the bees have access to it, when they will clean out the residue of royal jelly left in the bottom by the last queen hatched." Is this destroying the cell? Neglect to trim cfi: the outgrowth, and graft in the full- sized cell, and the bees will soon gnaw it down to the proper length — that is, if they accept it at all. I can see that using a cell- frame so con- structed that the removal of the cells from a colony could be accomplished without lifting out the entire frame would be an ad- vantage. But a detachable top- bar can be easily used with our wooden cups, and the arrangement would be as handy as Mr. Pratt's; in fact, Mr. Huber Root recom- mended such a contrivance to me more than a year ago, but somehow I neglected using it. I am always open to conviction, and am ever ready to admit a blunder or adopt the superior device of a brother bee-keeper. I have been fair in trying Mr. Pratt's queen- rearing system, but have not been able to make it work. I tried it in Jamaica, and in this country as well, but have never suc- ceeded in getting even one queen fertilized. Moreover, I am not alone in this respect. I was recently speaking to Mr. F. A. Hoop- er, of the firm of Hooper Brothers, Kings- ton, Jamaica, one of the largest queen- breeding establishments in the world, and he declares that their experience has been identical with my own. Nor are these the only ones. That Mr. Pratt's system is practical in his own hands, I firmly be- lieve; but until he can render it workable in the hands of the masses it is hardly fair to expect us to adopt it in preference to those which have proved to be satisfactory. — G. W. P.] ©OKS^JfQUEEN MEET A DRONE MORE THAN ONCE? MORE PKOOF THAT SHE DOES. As Mr. Phillips, on page 286, has asked others to report, I will give my experience. In 1884, while standing by a hive I saw a queen enter, evidently having just mated. As I had watched and seen one go and re- turn with the drone organs attached two days previous to this. I was astonished. My first thought was that a queen had en- tered the wrong hive. On opening the hive I found but the one queen moving quietly over the combs, and she appeared to be at home. Up to this time I had accepted the statement of others that queens mated but once. After this I spent all the time I could spare watching queens but saw nothing more that seasoo. June 22, 1885, I saw a queen take her flight, and return, evidently having met a drone The same queen flew out and re- turned June 24, with the same evidence of having met a drone. July 10 I saw anoth- er go out, and return with the drone organs attached. The same queen flew out and re- turned with the drone organs attached, July 24. I have spoken of this to a number of old bee-keepers, but they all laughed and winked at it. Nosv, to me this does not seem strange or unusual. Copulation does not always im- pregnate. There is proof of this in all do- mestic animals, and why not with bees and other insects? Mr. Phillips also says, page 286, that the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 603 copulatory org"ans of the drone are, after a short time, ejected. Is he sure of this? Some time in the "SO's Thomas G. Newman, in the A>nericafi Bee Journal, made the statement that thej' are mostly absorbed. Mj" own observations confirm this. If Mr. Phillips will rear a queen this season in a single-comb hive, vpith glass sides, and, after she is mated, go once in tvpo or three hours he will see that the drone attachment will slowlj' diminish in size, apparently drawing in until, bj' the second morning, it will disappear. Hknry Jones. Brant, Mich., May 10. [This is the third report we have had of this kind, and I believe we may now con- clude that a queen, before she begins actual laying, may meet a drone more than once. Our correspondent makes the point that "copulation does not always impregnate;" and when he saj's there is proof of this in all domestic animals, he is stating a well- known fact. It may be questioned, however, whether the queen, after she once begins laying, meets a drone the second time. Editor Hutchinson suggests that it is possi- ble because of the fact that queen-breeders have had reports of pure tested queens that they have sent out turning hybrid. But I account for this experience, which is quite common among all queen-breeders, by the fact that a daughter inadvertently, or at least unknown to the owner, supplants her mother. She has the same markings, and is supposed to be the same queen; but she has met a hybrid or black drone. Her own- er naturally supposes that she is one and the same queen — that she "never was pure in the first place," and that he "now has proof of it," when in actual fact he is en- tirelj' mistaken. Cases of this kind are so easily possible that I should prefer to ac- cept this theory to the other one, which seems so improbable. — Ed.] HOW TO GET THE LARGEST INCREASE BY DIVIDING. I have six colonies of Italian bees, fairly strong. I wish to increase so as to secure as many colonies as possible by fall. How mary frames to a nucleus would give the best results? Would it be preferable to buy and introduce queens, or give each nucleus eggs and brood, and allow it to raise its own queen? Forage in my locality consists chiefly of flowers and fruit blooms, white and sweet clover. I am willing to feed if better results can thereby be secured. My bees are pure Italians, or supposed to be; yet one colony is, and always has been, so cross as to make handling it very difficult and unpleasant. Would removing the queen from this colony, and introducing one from a colony more well-disposed, cor- rect in time this objec':ionable feature? Chicago, 111. E. W. P. [I would not have the nucleus less than two-frame, and generally three-frame would be better. If you wish to make a large in- crease in the shortest time possible, buy queens in dczen lots. If economy is a con- sideration, then raise your own queens. Give to each nucleus, as fast as it is form- ed, a ripe queen cell, or, better still, a young virgin in an introducing-cage. If you raise your own queens, start a batch of cells; and when the virgins hatch, or about the time they hatch, form the nuclei by di- viding each colony up into two and three frame nuclei. The two-frame should have more brood, and the three-frame may be given the same quantity of brood in three combs. The entrances of all these nuclei formed should be closed for three days with wire cloth; but be careful to avoid smother- ing the bees. If the bees are shut in three days they will be likely to stay in the loca- tion when released. The cells or virgins may be given at the time of forming the nuclei. The nucleus left on the old stand need not, of course, be confined. The colony having the cross bees should have the queen killed and another one in her place. — Ed.] A SPECIAL HIVE-VENTILATOR. I have seen in the American Bee Journal, as well as in Dr. Miller's book, that the beekeeping world is in need of a better ventilator for the front of hives when han- dling or moving, and I send you a sketch of the one I made a year ago, and find I could not get along without it, and wish to offer it to the public through you in return for the good I receive from Gleanings and the American Bee Journal. ALLAN'S VENTILATOR. Take two pieces of wood 7 inches long, % thick, one inch wide at the wide end; run to a point or wedge at the other (No. 1). Take another piece of wood ^sX?,s by 12 for an eight frame Dovetail hive (No. 2); -^^^r^ now a piece of wire screen 7'sX12. Take a piece of tin 7;sX12, and fold in ^s of the one side, as shown in the sketch (No. 4). Now we are ready to nail. First nail No. 2 on to one edge of the wire cloth. Next No. 2 on No. 1 ; then put No. 4 on the bottom^ and pinch down the fold so as to hold the screen in place, and nail from below. If the above does not prove to be all right after its introduction as a ventilator when han- dling hives, I will give up. Try one and let me hear from you. W. L. Allan. Monterey, Mex. [You do not say liow you use the ventila- 604 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 tor ; but I assume that the sharp side or end is shoved into the entrance as far as it will go, the wire cloth passing under the frames. This makes it improbable that the bees would suffocate, as they would have to cov- er up the whole wire cloth. While they might do this they probably would not. I do not see why it is necessary to use the tin strip as shown in the drawing. There are some things that you have not fully ex- plained.— Ed.] PLAIN SECTIONS WITHOUT FENCES. I herewith inclose you a cut of the separa- tor I have made, and used last season on several hives with the plain sections, as an experiment. I find it stronger than the fence. It is less apt to come apart than the latter. B3' the use of foundation in full sheets with this separator, the bees build nice straight combs as with the fence. I did not try strips for starters. C. J. HOFSTETTER. Fort Jennings, O., Apr. 11. Top-bar, %'s.l inch; cleats, J^'xJi inch; top-bar is cut out at the bottom, and the cleats are p;essed in and glued, or nailed from the top. Top-bar may be made like cut, to hang in super, or flush at ends to rest on tins. [While such a device could be used, yet in a strong honey-flow the plain sections would be liable to be bulged and uncrat- able. In my opinion it would be very un- wise to use many of them. — Ed ] THE BINGHAM SMOKER. Mr. Root: — Accept my sincere thanks for your timely and kind footnotes relating to Mr. Somerford's smoker remarks. Thank- ing you for the proffer of space in Glean- ings, I can hardly improve your footnotes. As I have never received a complaining let- ter about the direct-draft smokers, of course I must rely entirely on the hundreds of let- ters extol ing them. Many of those letters are orders for another smoker, with a re- mark about like this: " I have been using my old smoker 19 years. It is good yet, but I want another." These periods of use run from 10 to 21 years. I will make this proposition: If Mr. Somerfjrd will send a money order for $5 I will deliver to him in Cuba a four inch copper smoker, the best ever made, and one that will last as long as he will keep bees. Of course, this is a special offer for a special smoker, the like of which has never been seen. Such a smo- ker at such a price would be economy as against his experience. If Mr. Somerford would prefer to have you see the smoker, and readdress a freight, the same to Mr. S., it would be satisfactory to me to send it via Medina. T. F. Bingham. Farwell, Mich., May 23. A CONVENIENT HAND TOOL FOR FASTENING FOUNDATION. I have never seen a foundation-fastener, to be worked by heat, sold for a small sum. I have made one for my own use, whereby I can fasten foundation much better and faster than by pressure. It is made of a piece of tin in the shape of the cut. I never timed myself except once, when I fastened foundation in 98 sections in 25 minutes. Fold the tin at the dotted line. Fasten a wooden handle on the small end of the tin, and, when completed, it should resemble the cut. L. Eubank. Guilford, Ind. A PRETTV APIARY IN AUSTRALIA. — SEE PAGE 594. We send with this a photo of one of our out-apiaries of 95 colonies near the river Murry, Mildura, Australia. We trust you will receive the same safe, and that you will reprint it. We are sorry we can not give a short article on the same, as we have only just established it; but we will try to send something next jear. Nettleton Bros. & Dean. Mildura, Australia, March 29. Can I, without injury to my bees, repaint the hives? Geo. M. Phifer. Charlotte, N. C, March 10. [You can paint your hives while the bees are in them, without any difficulty. I would suggest, however, that the entrances be painted toward night. By morning they would be sufficiently dry so as not to cause trouble to flying bees. We make it a rule to paint our hives right in summer weather after the honej'-flow. and have never dis- covered any inconvenience.— Ed.] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 605 MODERN OUEEN-REARING. The controversy on queen-reariner, which has been groing on in Gleanings for some time, has much interested me, a bee-keeper of over 50 years. The early methods of queen-rearing and those of Alley and Doo- little are familiar to me; they have been useful and instructive to us all. Apicul- ture, like every thing else, has made great progress during the last 20 or 30 years, and we must endeavor to keep pace with the times. It is well not to be too hasty in adopting new ideas or views of others; at the same time, we must not be so conservative as to be satisfied with old methods we have used, and think they can not be improved, or be prejudiced against any thing that is new, and that we do not thoroughly under- stand. Equally good results are frequent- 1}' to be obtained with less labor and ex- pense. All, I think, will agree that the less a colony is disturbed by frequent ma- nipulations, the better will be the result; the frames in the brood-chamber should be lifted out as little as possible, and any manner of rearing queens that avoids con- stant disturbance must be a great advan- tage. Mr. E. L. Pratt, in his article on page 492 on this subject, has fully explained how this can be done with a less amount of labor and better results. Mr. Pratt is evi- dently a very close observer, and with his system, the use of flanged cups resting on a removable top-bar, with holes to receive them, he is able to watch the action of the bees cleaning out any royal jelly that is placed in the cups, or the development of the cells, which he describes. With the re- movable top-bar holding cups, he can not only "pull out a cell without lifting the frame," but he can obtain all the advan- tage you claim by removing "the frame to take a pick of the best," "or discard those that have been rejected, and substitute others in their place much quicker" than by raising the frame and disturbing the bees as you have to do, as I understand from your criticisms in your note. I think, Mr. Editor, you must have read this article hastily or you would have no- ticed the points to which I have called your attention clearly described by Mr. Pratt, where he mentions the few points in Mr. Phillips' article, which he criticises as be- ing either wasteful and in some cases ex- travagant or unnecessary. Who was the ftrst to use wooden cups and when ? It will be interesting io know if there is any rec- ord in Gleanings, if you could kindly give your readers the benefit of it. Philadelphia, Pa. J. M. Hooker. [See answer to Swarthmore on page 601. —Ed.] bees on roofs and in tenement houses. I live on the third floor in a three-tene- ment house, and should like to ask if you think it would be practical to make a start by keeping the hive in the front entry on the third floor, and arranging it at the win- dow so that the bees can come and go into the hive without their getting into the en- try. The owner of the house objects to their being out in the yard on account of children; or would it be more practical to hire a lot close by and start in a small way by having one or two hives to start with? Albert W. Dakin. olneyville, R. I. [It would be perfectly feasible to have a colony of bees on the third floor of the tene- ment house, with entrance communicating with the outside, in the manner suggested by 3'ou. Perhaps you could get permission to use the roof of the building; if so, you would be enabled to put out several colonies. In that case it would be necessary to pro- vide some sort of shade for the heat of the day, as the radiation of the sunlight on the roof would have a tendency to melt down the combs unless hives were protected. — Ed.] not true that candying is a proof of purity. A wholesale grocer to whom I sold honey some time ago asked me if it were true that the granulating of honey is an evidence of purity. I assured him that it was to a great extent. He then told me that a few years ago he bought some bogus honey in jelly- tumblers from a molasses firm. Dur- ing the winter that honey candied solid. Ft. McKavett, Tex, F. L. Wignall. [Glucose honey will candy providing it is not almost entirely glucose. We have sam- ples in our office that are two-thirds and three- fourths glucose that we fixed up our- selves that have granulated solid, but they do not look the same as pure honey that has candied to a solid condition. It is a wrong impression that bee-keepers have that glu- cose mixtures will not candy; and it is one that has done a great deal of harm, because the dealers have been claiming to their pa- trons that the bottled stufi" that they had will all candy, and that it won't candy un- less it is pure. You can readily see how such heresy would hurt the bee business. —Ed.] bees dying of dysentery. I noticed in front of one of my hives, the ground literally covered with dead bees. I have been feeding good candy to get my colon 3^ up to the standard. These bees have a swollen appearance. Do you think the case paralysis? What would you ad- vise? S. A. Butler. Belleville, 111., Feb. 6. [The case mentioned is probably one of paralysis and not of dysentery. If the for- mer, it will have been cured by this time; if the latter, spraying powdered sulphur on the bees at night, when they are all in the hive, would probably do much to effect a cure. See editorial on this subject on page 482, May 15th Gleanings.— Ed.] 606 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 MILK FOR SEVERE CASES OF STINGING. I note what you say, page 502, May 15, in regard to the two-year- old son of Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Metcalf being stung to death. That reminds me of a serious case of stinging at my apiary last year. One of my neighbors came along when a swarm was out. He was anxious to help hive them, and in so doing he got stung badly. In a short time I noticed he talked like one with a bad cold. His mouth was drawn to one side, and his tongue was so thick he could hardly talk. We were near the milk- house. My wife got a pan of milk, and he drank all he could. In a short time he was beter. He thinks death would have been the result if he had not had relief very soon. I have seen two other cases similar to the above, and milk gave almost instant relief. Freer, Minn., May 24. F. B. Jones. [Milk might neutralize or dilute an active poison in the stomach; but I don't see how it could bring relief when the poison was not in the stomach but in the blood.— Ed] SUCCESSFUL use OF FORMALDEHYDE FOR THE CURE OF BLACK AND FOUL BROOD. As I have had several letters wishing to know the result of my treatment with for- maldehyde for black brood and foul brood, I will say that I have just inspected the apiar}^ of 136 colonies, which were all af- fected with black breed, which I treated as described in Gleanings, and claimed that the treatment would cure both diseases if used as directed. I found it free, and clean of all signs of disease, and full of vim; and I also find other colonies which I treated, of less number, in other apiaries, free of disease. I think the treatment will cure in most localities if used as directed. Geo. E. Hinkley, County Inspector of Apiaries. Lompcz. Cal., April 16. [There is not liable to be any visible evi- dence of foul or black brood so early in the spring, even if the taint of infection were there. You can determine the matter better in June, or, better, in July. Let us hear from you after the last date mentioned. — Ed.] Owing to a dispute between inexperienced friends, I should like to ask whether the old or new queen leaves with the swarm. Mrs. Fred O. Jackson. Muncie, Ind., April 25. [It all depends on circumstances. As a general thing, the old queen goes forth with the first swarm; the second and third swarms are led off by the young queens. If some of the young queens should happen to be hatched out at the time the first swarm leaves, they might leave with the old queen. The old queen always goes forth with the first swarm if her wings are not clipped. — Ed.] ruberoid for hive- covers; cost, etc. I noted in one of Dr. Miller's Straws, May 1, where he alludes to ruberoid as a material used in Germany as a hive-cover. I think it makes a very good cover. I have about twenty of such weather-covers, made to telescope over the regular cover. The one-ply ruberoid can be obtained at $2.45 per square. It is said to withstand all kinds if climate or weather. It is guaran- teed to outlast tin, iron, or shingles, or oth- er felt roofing. With each square is given enough ruberoid cement to cover all nails and tin caps. The only objection I have to it is that it is of a gray color, thus drawing heat to a certain extent. Yet this is the case with all roofing inaterial for hive-cov- ers; and while the rubber part has the con- sistency of rubber, 3'et it is no deteriora- tion, as you say in your footnote. A. H. Weidenberger. Pleasant Hill, Mo , May 8. A Frame-hook. In Gleanings for April 15, page 395, you describe clamps for lifting and holding brood-frames. This reminds me that for some time I have intended to describe my frame- hook which, of all the appliances used in the apiary, I consider the greatest labor-saving and the most simple. It is nothing more nor less than a rod of round Is inch iron, bent as shown in Fig. 1, of any desired length. The upper end is made wide for a camfortable handhold, and the lower is filed to a flat point, and bent to catch securely under the top bar of a frame. Inserted sidewise between the frames this hook is strong enough to move any frame enough to allow of its being pulled out by catching the hook under the top- bar; and when the frame is out, hanging on the hook. it can be turned from side to side for in- spection or brushing. Of course, it makes a hole in the comb near the center of the top-bar; but I consider that a possible ad- vantage as a passageway for the bees in winter. The advantages of it are that one can pull out or move any frame that will stand the strain, without having his hand nearer than the length of the rod to the bees. A method of fastening foundation. Another improvement which I have not seen described anywhere consists of a rap 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 607 id method of fastening foundation in brood- frames. After trying- all the known meth- ods, I thought I had found the acme of per- fection when the double-groove and wedge system was introduced ; but I soon had no end of trouble from the wedge coming out after the frame dried in the hive; so I adopt- ed ihe plan of cutting clear out (with a cir- cular saw) half of the under side of the top-bar. The foundation is then laid on the shoulder which remains, and the half cut out is replaced by nailing with V-inch brads tight against the foundation. With practice these can be put on so that the foundation will never " budge," even with- out wires, and it is easily removed by pull- ing the brads. J. H. Burns. St. Marys, Ont., April 25. [A frame- hook such as you show in the illustration might be very handy in a tool- box used on special occasions; but for ev- ery-day work I should very much prefer some sort of metal pry like a screwdriver, merely to loosen the frames, and then pick them up with the fingers. As a general rule, the more extensive bee-keepers use nothing but a simple pry. Your method of fastening foundation is the same in principle as that used by E. Kretchmer, of Red Oak, Iowa. He has ad- vertised a frame of this description for a number of years back. There need be no trouble with the wedges slipping out, providing they are driven be- low the general surface of the wood. If the wedge is driven so it is just flush it will work out again. It should go down at least i^g inch, then it will never come out. — Ed.] sublimated sulphur. I have not noticed any thing in Glean- ings about the kind of sulphur generally used for curing bee-paralysis; but I consid- er it very important to use only sublimated sulphur for this purpose, also called flour of sulphur, or purified washed sulphur. Crude sulphur is largely mined in Sicilj', or made considerably from iron pyrites (FeS-'), and contains generally much ar- senic. By heating the iron pyrites, about half the sulphur is separated, still contain- ing considerable impurities with arsenic. To get a purer article, the best sulphur is distilled as is alcohol, the vapor condensing in a cold-storage room as a fine powder called flour of sulphur, or sublimated sul- phur. The restof the sulphur not distilled, not being pure enough, is heated until liq- uid, and then cast into bars, called some- times roll brimstone, or bars of sulphur. These sulphur bars are largely ground in- to a very fine powder, and sold under the common name of sulphur, just as is the pure article, the sublimated sulphur. The dif- ference in price is so little that no attention need be paid to it, as sublimated sulphur can be bought almost anywhere in the Unit- ed States at 5 to 10 cents per pound retail. To purify the sublimated sulphur still more, it should be washed in a weak solu- tion of ammonia in water (NH^ and water), which removes any present sulphuric acid caused by oxydation while in contact with the oxygen of the air, and removes also the arsenic. Then the sulphur should be dried fast, which may be done successfully in the hot noon sun, and then stored in a closed jar, so that as little air as possible can have access to it. Now we have a pure ar- ticle, washed sublimated sulphur, practi- cally free from acid and arsenic. Visalia, Cal. Otto Luhdorff. [You will remember that Mr. O. O. Pop- pleton, A hile still affirming that the sul- phur will cure, believes it is better to de- stroy the old queen, or perhaps destroy the old colony as well, using the combs and the brood to make a new start. There is a good deal of proof to show that bee-paraly- sis is an inherited disease from the queen; and, while it can be cured, there is great danger that it will return within a year. If it is not desired to destroy the bees, sul- phur them, kill the queen, and give them a virgin from some healthy colony. — Ed.] PUTTING UP HONEY IN BOXES; HONEY CANDYING WITH A COARSE AND FINE GRAIN. I have just had the opportunity of read- ing up some of the back numbers of Glean- ings. On page 1001, Dec. 1, you speak of "Eastern honey" as though it were about all alike so far as its candying qualities are concerned. My experience is that bass- wood honey will candy in less time than clover and raspberry, and will have a much finer grain. I have never stirred any in either case. I was all ready to put up some in the Aiken honey-bags last summer; but the short crop, with brisk demand, prevented. My plan at present is to put all of my bass- wood extracted in the bags, partly because it candies with a fine grain, but mainly be- cause that peculiar flavor to which many object is hardly noticeable in the candied state. I wonder if that isn't true of other honeys that are described as being "min- ty." The clover and raspberry I expect to put up in tin cans partly because I have an early demand for extracted honey, but mainly because I think its good flavor is partly concealed bv candying. When the bags first came I opened one, poured some water in it and it leaked just a little. I tried a second and a third, with the same result; so I decided that, when I wanted to use them, I would paraffine them; then, if I wanted to, I could fill them with liquid honey and let them candy vrhen they got ready, without the bother of watching and waiting till the honey was thick enough so the bags wouldn't leak, but not so thick that it wouldn't run well. I paraffined a few, just to see how it would work, leaving them spread out full size. When I put them away I put them up two and two, slipping the one over the other 608 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 so as to keep out all dust. Later I filled half a dozen of them, again using' one of the empty paraffined bags as a cover. So tight was the fit that the smallest of ants couldn't have got through to the honey, and yet the} went on easily enough. At present they are about as hard as a frozen turnip. I am keeping them to hasten granulation in next summer's extracted honey. I proved by trial last summer that the mixing- in of some candied honey hastened the granula- tion of new honey. I have been asking myself some other questions: Would the mixing of half a pound of candied honey that has a fine grain, with 60 lbs. of new honey that, left to itself, would have SLCoarse grain, cause the latter to have any finer grain than if the same amount of candied honey of its own kind were mixed with it — the amDunt of mixing done to be the same in both cases? Also would Ihe mixing of candied honey, that has a rapid granulation, with new honey that has a slow granulation, cause the latter to granulate any more rapidly than if an equal amount of candied honey of the same kind as the slow-granulating honey were mixed with it? I shall seek to answer them later. I might add that I pro- duce mostly comb honey. But the home de- mand for extracted honey keeps growing so each 3 ear that I keep producing more and more of it. John S. Callbreath. Rock Rift., N. Y., Feb. 22. [In speaking of Eastern honey I did not have in mind honey produced east of Ohio, in New York, or the New England States, but, rather, that produced east of the Miss- issippi. Residents in the far West think of Ohio and Illinois as eastern States; and now that our country has become so large, and is populated west as well as east, it is becoming more and more the custom to speak of all territory east of the Mississip- pi as Eastern United States. Western honey, especially alfalfa, can- dies much more quickly, as a rule, than Eastern honey. If I had said clover and basswood, perhaps you would have under- stood me better. There can be no doubt that mixing granulated honey with ordina- ry liquid honey will hasten the process of granulation in the whole mass; but wheth- er the fine-grained article would have a tendency to make other honey all fine-grain- ed is something I can not an iwer. I should be glad to get reports from those who have tested it.— Ed.] HONEY FROM THE OPIUM-PLANT DE- STRUCTIVE TO BEES. In the May 15th issue J. A. Leonard asks about the poppy as a honey- pi ant. Let me give you my experience with that plant. About six 3 ears ago a friend of mine asked me to look at his bees, four hives. We found the bees crawling about on the ground and all over the hives, and dying by the thousand. They had plenty of honey, very few bees in the hive, and would not sting. They finally died out. We did not find the cause. This was early in May. His wife had a very large patch of poppies of all colors in the garden. She gave my wife some seed, and also some to our neighbors. Next 3'ear we had a patch about 30 ft. square. I was taken sick about the time they came into bloom, and, while lying there, I could hear the bees humming on the poppies as if a swarm were out. When I got well I went first to the beeyard and found the same condition there as at my friend's. I thought it must be paralysis. I then went to two of my out-apiaries, but found them all right. On opening the hives you could smell the opium. We then de- stroyed the poppies and got our neighbors to cut theirs down also, and the bees finally were all right. I lost eight colonies and had about ten more weakened so that they made nothing that year. W. J. Dawson. Benton, La. soil infected with sweet- clover BAC- TERIA TO MAKE sweet CLOVER GROW. If Dr. Miller will order some soil infected with the sweet- clover bacteria to sow with his sweet-clover seed I think he then could get a small patch started, and, once so started, he could in a few years infect his whole farm and successfully raise sweet clover. Some Champaign County bee-man would gladly furnish a sample of soil con- taining said bacteria. Ben D. Hall. Ogden, 111., May 26. [This was referred to Dr. Miller, who replies:] I'm inclined to think that there would now be no great difficulty in getting a stand of sweet clover almost anywhere on my place. Plants here and there have grown upon it in difl'erent years, enough to establish the bacteria. Enough of these bacteria will be in the dirt attached to the seed to give at least a little start anywhere; and if the plants are allowed to grow year after 3 ear in the same spot there will be bacteria ga- lore. So all any one need do to get a stand of sweet clover is just to keep at it. The same thing is true of alfalfa — the specially interesting part being the fact es- tablished by the Illinois Experiment Sta- tion, that the bacteria of alfalfa and sweet clover are the same, so that alfalfa will flourish on any ground where sweet clover shows plenty of tubercles on its roots. A little infected soil on the elevated spots of a field will soon infect the whole. I don'i know, but I think that, when the ground becomes well filled with the proper bacteria, so as to produce a vigorous growth of alfalfa, it will give down nectar east of the Mississippi as well as west of it. C. C. Miller. I should like to know if " alabastine " has ever been tried as a bee- hive paint, or if it is of any use as a lasting paint. Wanatah, Ind. L. A. Werner. [I have never heard of its being put to such use. — Ed ] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 609 A FKNCK, DUMMY. OR DIVIDER; A SELF-SPAC- ING FRAME. I send a drawing of my bee space dummj'. I am fioin^'^ to use it this summer in work- ing tor comb honey. I will also use it when the bees are drawing out foundation It is 's thiok, same size as the standard frame, and spaced at both top and bottom. 1^- J9-ya |6 OF Hive ^X Top Sar ie^/1-'- I also send you other drawings showing how I space my frames at the bottom, and how I increase the length of top bar on the frames. Frank Brunskog. Harvey, 111. [Your fence, or dummy, I believe, will be satisfactory for the purpose of securing regularly built combs; but it will not be as good as a solid dummy for dividing the brood-nest off or for reducing it down to, say, two or three frames in the spring in order that the little cluster may not be com- pelled to warm up more cubic air-space than is necessary. The scheme of lengthening the top bar by cutting out the rabbet, and nailing a cleat on the end of a hive, is a good one. We would have adopted this feature long ago but for the ditficulty of making old covers for hives, now in use, tit new hives with cleats as shown. There can be no question at all but that, if all hives could be changed over to the plan shown in the cross-section of the sketch, it would be a great advantage all round. The cleat, moreover, reaching clear across the end of the hive, would make a most excellent handle to lift it by. The projection of the top-bar would be length- ened out, which, to many of our friends, would be a very great advantage, and we should also secure a regulation bee space between the end of the top bar and the end of the rabbet, or what will be in this case the inside surface of the cleat. — Ed.] BEES MIXING IN SWARMS; VARIATIONS IN DRONES. I have been in the bee busir ess for about 22 years, and have seen some things that I did not understand, nor have I ever seen them explained. 1. I have hived a swarm of black bees half a mile from any Italians, and found several tine ones among the blacks, with pollen on the legs. Do field -bees often unite with a new swarm in that way? 2. I have never seen in your old ABC book any account of barred or yellow drones. I had one last year at Middlebourne, and have yet if it stood the winter all right. The drones had two (I believe) yellow stripes, but were not as bright as the work- ing bees. The fuzz or long hair on them hid them more. Does this often occur, or is it a freak of nature? G. W. Carpenter. Rapidan, Va., May 23. [The ordinary field-bees will very often unite with a swarm of bees; and it will be nothing unusual to find a few yellow Ital- ians among the blacks after they have been hived. Swarming is a gala day — the one holiday of the year for the bees; and ap- parently a few field-bees can not resist the temptation to take a hand in the fun, with the result that they become a part of the swarm. The typical color of drones imported from Italy is decidedly on the leather colored order. The yellow bands, if they show at all, are very dull or indistinct; but occasion- ally we get some sports from imported stock that show considerable yellow. Drones of the five-banded stock show beautiful bright yellow bands or bars. Sometimes the whole of the abdomen is one mass of yellow ex- cept the tip. It should be understood that the color of the drone does not determine his purity any more than does the color of the queen. — Ed.] SOME HONEY 44 YEARS OLD. I clip the inclosed item from the Lewiston Journal of Jan. 14, which I think will be of interest considering the discussion now go- ing on in Gleanings. I am trying to find the Brunswick man, and see that honey; then I will report about it. Lewiston, Me. S. J. Hyde A Brunswick, Maine man boasts of some honey that has been preserved in a glass case for 44 years, and which appears to be as good as new except that it has shrunk from five to three and a half pounds. 610 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 OUR HoK/iEs; BY A. I. ROOT. Surely the wrath of man shall praise thee.— Psalm 76 : 10. I have for years been remonstrating" with various religious periodicals in regard to the character of their advertisements. When Electropoise first came out they vFcre among- the first to accept it, even vphen our agricultural papers refused it. Our older readers will remember how they de- fended themselves; and many of the editors of some of our most respectable journals de- clared it was a good thing, because min- i.sters used and recommended it, etc. I got the United States Chemist, the best electri- cians of the world, and all really scientific men, to back me up, and then they, one aft- er another, gave in. The Christian En- deavor World, perhaps, was the most s ub- born of them all; and it was not till I had had a personal interview with Father En- deavorer Clark that it was rejected from their columns. Recently I have been re- monstrating in regard to the character of the medicine advertisements — not only with the religious papers, but with our great dailies. Let me give you an illustration: Two boys in our establishment, between 15 and 18 years of age, were found intoxi- cated. Investigation revealed the fact that they had sent to Cleveland for a jug of whisky. They were called up before the members of our firm, and underwent what might be termed in the cities a "sweat- box '' ordeal. For a time we could not get them to talk; but the younger one finally ventured the information that they saw a piece in the paper abou a man who drank " Dufi^y's malt whisky," and lived to be 107 3'ears old. Now, this same daily had some of the most vigorous editorials, favoring the Anti-saloon League, and all temperance measures; but these boys failed to discrim- inate between the editorial matter and the statements they saw on the advertising pages. I wrote this Cleveland daily, stat- ing the circumstances, and remonstrating because of the inconsistency of teaching temperance editorially and advertising whisky in the same paper. They replied that they lamented (?) they could not see their way clear to exclude such advertise- ments. They said this particular whisky came rather in the line of patent medicines; and they expressed a doubt as to whether they could legally exclude the advertise- ments of this special firm when they accept- ed other advertisements. This was a new thing to me; but by the help of the New Voice I quoted to them a decision of the Postmaster- General, that the proprietors of any periodical were at liberty to refuse any or all advertisements that were not suitable in their judgment for a home paper, or for conscientious principles. I made haste to put this decision before the managers of this daily, and received a very courteous reply, thanking me for the pains I had tak- en; but Dufi"y's malt whisky keeps right on in every issue of that paper. At present there is running in the I)ufi"y advertisement a full-length picture of a Methodist preach- er. This preacher declares he is not only a minister of the gospel, but a temperance reformer; but, notwithstanding, his life was saved by Duffy's malt whisky when the doctors had given him up. I presented the matter to a Methodist clergyman, and he said they had repeatedly chased down such advertisements, and they have proved to be fakes in almost every instance. As soon as I saw the advertisement about the man who lived to be 107 years old, I drew my own conclusions about the truthfulness of the statement. Now, I would suggest right here that, if this statement is an out- and out falsehood, the Methodist Church could begin action on these " Dufl^y " peo- ple by law, for slander on that great relig- ious body; and we could come on them again for ruining our boys by their false state- ments in the advertising pages. Christ said, " I came not to bring peace, but a sword;" and I for one am read 5' to advocate the sword, and take the lead if nobody else will. Let me digress a little. Edward Bok, of the Ladies' Home Jour- nal, has for years past been criticising pretty severely our Sunday-schools, occa- sionally the clergy, and finally the religious press. When I saw the article on patent medicines, in the issue for May last, I had a big laugh, and I thought of our text, " Surely the wrath of man shall praise thee." I have before told you that my for- mer pastor, A. T. Reed, evangelist, once said in his morning prayer at church, " O L rd, we thank thee for our enemies, for they tell us our faults when nobody else will do so;" and this thought has all through my life since that time been an in- spiring one. Do not grow weary because 3'ou have enemies. Try to receive their hints (?) and hits, maybe, with a Chris- tianlike spirit, a hopeful face, and your en- emies will do you more good than your friends. Now, 1 do not mean to say that Mr. Bjk is really an enemy to Christianity, but it has sometimes looked that way. The article I have referred to contains the fol- lowing: The following percentages of alcohol in the " patent medicines" named are given by the Massachusetts State Board Analyist in the published document No. ;U: Alcohol I^ydia Pinkham's Vegetable Compound 20.6 Paine's Celery Compound 21.0 Dr. Williams' Vegetable Jaundice Bitters 18 5 Whiskol, "a non-intoxicating stimulant " 28.2 Colden's Liquid Beef Tonic, " recommended for the treatment of alcohol habit " 26.5 Ayer's Sarsaparilla 26.2 Thayer's Compound Extract of Sarsaparilla 21 5 Hood's S trsaparilla 18.8 Allen's Sarsaparilla 13.5 Dana'.s Sarsaparilla 13.5 Brown's Sarsaparilla 13 5 Peruna 28.5 Vinol, Wine of Cod-liver Oil 18.8 Dr. Peters' Kuriko 14.0 Carter's Physical Extract 22.0 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 611 Hooker's Wigwam Tonic 20.7 Hoofland's German Tonic 29 3 Howe's Arabian Tonic, " not a rum drink" )3.2 Jackson's Golden Seal Tonic )9.ti Mensman's Peptonized Beef Tonic 16.5 Parker's Tonic, " purely vejjetable " 41 6 Schenck's .Seaweed Tonic, " entireU' harmless " 19..5 Baxter's Mandrake Bitters 1().5 Boker's .Scomach Bitters 42.6 Burdock'.s Blood Bitters 25.2 Greene's Ner\^ura 17.2 Hartshorn's Bitters 22.2 Hoofland's German Bitters, "entirely vegetable "...25.6 Hop Bitters 12 0 Hostetter's Stomach Bitters 44 3 Kaufman's Sulphur Bitters, " contains no alcohol " (as a matter of fact it contains 20.5 per cent of alcohol and no sulphur) 20.5 Puritana 22 0 Richardson's Concentrated Sherry-wine Bitters 47.5 Warner's Safe Tonic Bitters 35.7 Warren's Bilious Bitters 21 5 Faith Whitcomb's Nerve Bitters 20 3 In connection with this list, think of beer, which contains only from two to five per cent of alcohol, while some of these "bitters" contain ten times as much, making them stronger than whisky, far strong- er than port or sherry, with claret and champagne far behind. In connection with the above table, Mr. Bok proceeds to score the religious periodi- cals and the W. C. T. U. as well. I hope the friends who read Mr. Bok's editorial will also read the variotis replies made by the W. C. T. U. in the Ihiion Signal. Had not the W. C. T. U. paved the way, and raised the standard of public morals to the extent it is now, Mr. Bok would not have dared to come out thus openly for reform. Let me quote two sentences. There are no papers published that are so flagrant- ly guilty of admitting to their columns the advertise- ments, not only of alcohol-filled medicines, but prepa- rations and cure-alls of the most flagrantly obscene nature, as the so-called religious papers of this country. Beside me, as I write, lie issues of some twenty dif- ferent "religious" weeklies, the advertising columns of which are a positive stt nch in the nostrils of decent, self-respecting people. L,et the Woman's Christian Temperance Union officers counsel their publishers to omit these advertisements; and if they refuse, let these people discontinue their patronage of the paper. The first of the two extracts may be pretty nearly right, except that I would not use the words " flagrantly obscene. " A few of our religious papers have given place to ■medicine advertisements that might almost be so termed, but not many. In regard to the second extract, the words *' positive stench " are altogether too strong. Did not Bro. Bok have a Police Gazette ly- ing on top of those Christian weeklies? and was not that the periodical he had in mind? It would be a rather unhappy combination, after all, to see the Police Gazette in such company. I have said a good many kind words for the Advance, of Chicago. I have quoted from its columns in these Home papers; but I have also written to them twice, remon- strating against the character of their ad- vertisements; and I have just about decided not to take it longer in my home unless a reform is made. They have so far never made any reply to my remonstrances. Let me right here congratulate the edi- tors of our agricultural papers. There is no escaping the fact that, at the present time, they hold up a higher standard of morals in some respects than do our relig- ious weeklies. They reject advertisements that are accepted by many of the religious press. We must, however, make some ex- ceptions. The editor of a periodical called the Electrician, when he was helping me in my crusade against Electropoise, told the venders of the humbug toy he would give them f 1000 if they would get their advertise- ment in a single issue of the Sunday School Times. It never got there; and, may God be praised, we have at least one religious paper whose advertisements may be read aloud to the whole family every day in the year. Now, friends, comes something hopeful. Every few days a periodical comes out de- claring that hereafter no medicine adver- tisement nor any thing of that sort shall thereafter disgrace their advertising de- partment. Let me copy from Sticcess: We do not admit to our columns medical, liquor, to- bacco, or other advertisements objectionable in the home. You will notice that that includes tobacco among intoxicants and patent medicines. You ma}', perhaps, remember that I have been urging our agricultural and home pa- pers to refuse to accept articles describing the cultivation of tobacco. The Rural New- Yorker agrees with me in this, and there may be some other agricultural papers; and it occurs to me just here that I may be omitting a good many clean monthlies and weeklies; and I wish, dear friends, you would help me when the editor of your home paper decides to refuse to accept advertise- ments of this class. Send me the name of that periodical, and I will make mention of it 1-ere; and especially should I like to get hold of the periodicals that are taking a stand against tobacco. Let us see how many editors there are who will "dare to be a Daniel," and, if necessary, "dare to stand alone." I am well aware that, in drawing the line on patent medicines, we rule out some that eontain no alcohol what- ever, and some others that are standard useful and beneficial remedies; but it is so hard to discriminate that we have, with the Sunday School Times, Success, and other periodicals, decided to refuse all medicine advertisements. By the way, is it not a lit- tle cheeky for some of these medicine men to declare their stuff is non-intoxicating? Whiskol, you will notice, is one of this kind, and yet according to the table it con- tains more than 28 per cent of alcohol. The world is wondering — the mothers are won- dering— why children seem so greedy to get hold of drink. Bok suggests that the pat- ent medicines taken by the mothers for " that tired feeling " lay the foundation for the craving for beer and alcoholic stimu- lants, even before the child is born. Now, the great strides that we American people are making in the cure of disease is in the way of prevention rather than of cure. We are heading oflF typhoid fever by giving peo- ple better water to drink; we are heading oif consumption by giving the people better air to breathe; we are heading off a host of 612 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Junk IS chronic diseases, not only by feeding' our babies, but our older children, better food. May God help us in this conflict v ith Satan under the guise of some patent medicines, especially stimulating medicines. One of our trained nurses told me last winter that Peruna is whisky and morphine. This may not be true; but if so, think of it, you fathers and mothers. Give the aver- age person a bottle containing both whisky and morphine, and tell him to take some whenever he feels bad, has the blues, or something of that sort! Is it a wonder we have idiots, lunatics, tramps, and criminals on our hands to take care of? Perhaps I had better say in conclusion that maybe Mr. Bok has made seme mis- take, for even a State Board of Chemists sometimes blunders. If so. Gleanings, at least, will be glad to be set right. Per- haps I should mention that, while Mr. Bok sets himself up on a rather high pedestal, at least in the article I have referred to, in almost the next number of the Ladies'' Home Journal Emma. l!!,. Walker, M. D., while tell- ing young ladies whether the us e of candy is conducive to good health or not, utters the following: A most ingenious use to which paraffine has been put in America has been the manufacture of artificial honeycomb. It duplicates the natural comb remark- ably well. The little cells are then filled with glucose slightly flavored to give the honey taste, and the artifi- cial product is ready for use. As soon as I got hold of it I wrote a re- monstrance to Mr. Bok, and asked him to submit it to the lady doctor. In response the following has come to hand: Bear- Sir: — It will give me pleasure to forward to Dr. Emma Walker your letter about the alleged use of patafifine in the manufacture of artificial honey- comb. If she should write again on this subject I dare say that she would be pleased to include in her article some correction of the misstatement which you say she has made. We thank you sincerely for calling our attention to the matter. Very truly yours, Wm. V. Alfxander Philadelphia, Pa., June 1. Managing Editor. F.4KE WEATHER ALMANACS, ETC. The letter below is sent out by the Chief of the U. S. Weather Bureau, and it seems to me it hits the spot ( xactly. The only re- gret is that the Weather Bureau did not take this matter in hand to the extent of sending out such a warning to the people generally, long ago, especially since some of our leading agricultural periodicals have been so foolish as to give credence to the idea that any man living is able to make any sensible prediction of what the weath- er will be a week or a month or a year ahead. Our older readers are well aware that I have been hammering away on this matter for years past, and that I have promptly refuted newspaper statements that the IVeather Bureau states the weather will be so and so during the season. The Weather Bureau is able to give a pretty correct prediction as to what the weather will be for the ensuing 24 or possibly 48 hours ahead. Once in a while they venture to suggest what it may be for three days in advance; but no mcrtal has ever jet been able to tell anything about what the weath- er will be for a longt r period than the above. sir: — It is the opinion of the leading meteorologists of the world that public interes s are injured by the publication of so-called long range weaiherforecasts, especially by such predictions as relate to severe storms, floods, drouths, and other atmospheric phe nomeiia of a dangerous or damaging character ; and, the persistent efforts of certain men to foist their pre- dictions upon the public, for personal gain, have reached such proportions that it is deemed advisable fairly and temperately to counteract the influence of those whom we believe to be preying upon the credu- lity of the public. Some of these men may be honest, and may, in their ignorance, attach undue importance to storms that may, accidentally, coincide in time of occurrence with certain relative positions of the plan- ets, or with changes in the phases and positions of the radon, or with periods of increase or decrease in sun- spots, or apparent variations in the solar intensity. Men of this class find that for which they sincerely seek. They "mark when they hit, and never mark when they miss ; " and the occurrence of a storm with- in the broad area of the United States, and, at times, withii. much broader areas, on or near the day for which they have predicted a storm, confirms, in their minds, the value of their system of prediction. They may believe that they have discovered a physi- cal law or a meteorological principle that has not betn revealed to astronomers, meteorologists, or any other class of scientific investigators ; but the publication of predictions that, by reason of their absolute inaccura- cy, are calculated to be positively injurious to agricul- tural, commercial, and other industrial interests, casts a serious doubt upon the honesty of their purpo-e, and upon their asserted disinterested devotion to the pub- lic welfare. Such publications bring the science of mettorology into disrepute, and can not, therefore, be made in response to a desire to advance that science along useful lines ; and they retard the work of the honest investigator, through whose efforts, only can gains be made in a fundamental knowledge of the causation of weather that will justify forecasts for a month or a season in advance. As a result ot my personal verification of the work of long-range weather-forecasters, some of whom have so far gained the confidence of the rural press as to re- ceive liberal compensation for their predictions, I am led to the conclusion that these forecasters knowingly perpetrate fraud, and do positive injury to the public at large. It is to be regretted that so many newspa- pers not only give space to these harmful predictions, but actually pay for them. Forecasts of this descrip- tion can properly be classed with advertisements of quack medicines — they are both harmful in the ex- treme. I hope the time will come when it will be possible to forecast the wtather for coming seasons, and to speci- fy in what respect the coming month or season will conform to or depart from the weather that is common to the month or season ; but that time has not yet ar- rived, and I believe that you will be best serving the public inteiests when, without indulging in personali- ties or mentioning any long-range forecaster by name, you teach the community you serve the limitations of weather-forecasting, and warn it against impostors. Your local press should, and doubtless will, co-operate with you in this endeavor. Willis I,. Moore, Chief U. S. Weather Bureau. Washington, D. C. Temperance. LOCAL OPTION IN ARIZONA. On page 400, April 15, I asked for further particulars in regard to the Arizona law whereby it takes tsvo temperance votes to offset t ne of the brewers. We have received the following letter in regard to the matter: Friend Root: I enclose you a clipping from the Searchlight, and ask you to make mention of it again in your temperance talks, if you think it will be prof- itable. If friendly exchanges would note the fact of our unfair law it might help us to get the law amend- ed the coming winter. 1904 JLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 613 I\Ir. Andrew Kimball, the president of the Mormon churoh in this State, is the father of the local-option law, and was forced to make the -'two-thirds majoiity" concession to get the law parsed. As j'ou probably know, Thatcher, Hubbard, Central, and Pima are al- most entirely made up of Mormon people. Pima is said to have broken all records in local option elec- tions. I rejoice with vou that the great State of Ohio has taken such a brave step in this matter of prohibition, and I earnestly hope you will drive this ruinous evil out of your State. Bees here are doing well. I have just finished ex- tracting from 152 colonies and got 20 cases. I think we can ship two largf cars this season. Safford, Ariz., May U. W. E. Glasscock. ARIZONA'S ROLL OF HONOR. We have before referred to the results of the local- option contests in Arizona, and here call attention to a list of the districts recently voting on the saloon question, with the results of the same: Safford No. 1— For prohibition, 109, against prohibi- tion, 82; total. 191. Thatchei No 12— For prohibition, 116; against pro- hibition, 11; total. 127. Hubbard No. '23— For prohibition, 11; against prohi- bition, 1; total 12. Central No. 17— For prohibition, 29; against prohi- bition, 2; total, 31. Pima No. 6 -For prohibition, 102; against prohibi- tion 1; total 103 Curtis No 13— For prohibition, 19; against prohibi- tion. 16; total 35. We again call attention to the unreasonableness of the Territorial law as shown by the fact that Safford, while giving 109 for prohibition and only 82 against it, was lost to the cause because of the requirement of a two-thirds majority to accomplish saloon banishment. In Curtis, also, the same is true. Our readers will notice the remarkable figures in the other districts, in two of which only one vote was registered against prohibition and in one only two. There are other places in Arizona which should be added to this roll of honor. The above is cfrtainly encouraging. If Arizona can do so much on the two- to-one rule, what could we not expect with a fair chance - say, letting the majority of the peo- ple decide whether they want saloons or not. PROGRESS OF THE TEMPERANCE WORK IN TORONTO. I clip the following from a letter from our good friend E. Grainger: We have had a victory for the temperance cause in the western suburb of the city. Toronto Junction, where they have carried an act similar to the one you refer to. and the saloons have been closed tip after a desperate fiaht with the liquor-men. Toronto, Ont. E. Grainger. HOFFMAN FRAMES DEFENDED. Since the discussion in regard to Hoff- man frames has come up, there have not been wanting those who are willing to champion their merits. Under date of May 25 Mr. Geo. W. Brodbeck, Secretary of the National Bee-keepers' Association, writes : I note the exceptions to the Hoffman frame recently stated in Gleanings; and. so far as my experience goes, after the use of over 10,000, most of them will not hold good herein California. Again, Mr. Harry Lathrop, the modern bee keeping poet, and an extensive bee- keeper, one who has written much for vari- ous bee-journals, says : I am handling Hoffman frames that I got of you seven or eight years ago. They work as well as ever. They shrink and wear off some, and that makes up for the bee glue that would be expected to make them too close-fitting. DANZENBAKER 20th Century SMOKER. A SMOKER SURE FOR $I.OO. GUARANTEED TO SUIT, OR DOLLAR BACK. The last in the field, combines the best feature of others, with special ones all its own. It has a perforated draft-grate at the side that strengthens the fire-cup and holds a removable lining and packing in place, that keeps the fire-cup cool, adding to its durability. This lining can be replaced at a small cost. The draft-hole is midway cf the fire-cup, directly opposite the only opening in the bellows, from which the air is forced and deflected upward or downward, or both ways, as desired, to secure a dense or hot or cool volume of smoke, which is determin- ed by the filling and lighting of the fuel. It is superior in make-up and material. It has no parts that can clog with soot. It will continue to smoke from three to ten hours, in light work, until all the fuel is consumed. It wins friends that willingly recommend it to others. Full directions for use, and preparing special fuel for subduing bees and destroy- ing the eggs and larvae of the wax-moth, with each smoker. PRICES : $1.00 each; three for $2 70 when sent with other goods. By mail, each 25 cents extra. ADDRESS F. DANZENBAKER Care The A I. Root Co., Sec. 1, W. Annex, Hort'l. Bid., St. Louis, - Missouri. 614 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 mk^* Golden Italian and »2 Leather Colored, I QUEENS Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by Quirln=the=Queen=Breeder. We guarantee every queen sent out to please you, or it niay be returned inside of BO days, and another will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long=tongued ReaKe Georg^e, ' Ne^v YorK. Ca<>i\iolans. We are the largest breeders of this race of bees in America, having bred them for 18 years. We find them the ^if«^/«< bees known. Very hardy and pro- lific, good workers on red clover; great comb-builders, and their sealed combs are of a snowy whiteness. Italians. Gentle, prolific, swarm very little, hustlers to work, and a red-clover strain. If tKe BK'ST Queens aire AvHat yosx want. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than ItHK) line queens in stock ready for early orders. We guarantee satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and five banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queens. $1.50 each ; 6 for $7.00, or $12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italians, Holy Lands, and Albl- ^ nos, $2.50 each. All others $4.00 each for straight breeders of their sect. Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, ' and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address XHe Bee ai\^ " Be very choice of this Breeder; if ever a Queen was worth $100, she is." Then we have Breeders from our strain that gave the big yields in '94, and which some of the largest bee-keepers in Cuba say can't be beat. They swarm but little and are honey-getters. We are breeding for honey-gatherers more than color. We cull our cells and queens, and warrant queens purely mated. Prices: Select untested, $1.00; select, 81.25, tested, $1.50; select, $2 00; breeders, 83.00, $4 00, and $5 00. Circulars free. J. B. CA.S£^, Port Orange. Florida. We are now breeding from three distinct strains, viz.. Imported or leather color. Root's long-tongued or red clover strain, and our old strain of white- banded yellow Italians, or albinos. :: Untested, each 81 00; half doz. 85.00; doz. $ 9.00 ' Warranted, each 1.15; half doz. 6 00; doz. 10.50 Tested, each 1.50 Select tested, each 2.00 We have also a full line of bee-keepers' supplies including The A. I. Root Company's goods . . . Root's Sections and Weed's Foundation a Specialty Send for our 32-page illustrated catalog. Leather Colored Italians For Sale! strain took first premium Minnesota State Fair, 1901 and 1902. Ready May 1st. Eight or nine frame Lang- «troth hives, $5.00; ten frame, $6.00 each, f. o. b. Milaca. W. R. ANSELL, Mille Lacs Apiaries, MILACA, niNN. THE DEMAND FOR MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS becomes greater each year. The fol- lowing report shows the reason why: EXCEL IN STORING CAPACITY. B. S. Taylor, a large honey-producer of Perris, Cal., who sent me an order for 75 queens at one time, says : "I have a large apiary mostly of your stock, and I have never, in my 30 years' experience, seen so quiet and gentle bees to handle, and in storing capacity they ex- cel anything I have ever had." Untested queens, $1.00 each; six, $5 00; dozen, $9.00. .Stlect untested queens, $1.25 each;six, 86 00; dozen, $11. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Descriptive circular free. J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Key. 1 Q O 4. TRY • ha .- J. W. TAYLOR'S record-breakerB. They are three- banded leather-colored Italians. They have broken all records as honey-gatherers. I have made a specialty of queen-breeding for ten years to secure the best bees, and now I have them. Untested, 75 cts., or $8.00 a dozen; tested, 11.25 each; select tested $1.75; each. Breeders, the best, $4.00 each. I have three yards, and can till all orders by return mail. I guarantee safe arrival and satisfaction. J. E. Atchley savs the finest queen he ever owned he bought from me. Try one J. W. TAYLOR, Ozan, Ark. 616 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 1 Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted under this head at 15 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, and you must sat you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will be charged our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w ANTED, cash. -To exchange bees for hives, violin, or A E. Johnston, Bunnell, Minn. w w ANTED. — To exchange t,. Colton high-grade sur- veyor's compass. What have vou? F. W. Van de Mark, Mehan, Oklahoma. ANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping-can, for honey. Root's goods. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. ANTED. — Original articles instructing novices about queen-rearing for July Rural Bee-keeper. W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis. ANTED. — Parties in Georgia and Alabama having honey in one-pound packages for sale to address JUDSON Heard, Macon, Ga. WANTED. — To exchange no-drip shipping-cases at 13cfor24-lb.:8cfor 12-lb.; 10 c for 4x5 size. 20-lb. for comb honey or cash. W. D. Soper, Jackson, Mich. w w yVANTED. — Refuse from the wax-extractor, or slum- '^" gum. State quantity and price. Orel I,. Hekshiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Y^ANTED. — To exchange catalog describing the best '" hive in existence, a double-walled hive for only 20c extra, for your name and address. T. K. Massie, Tophet, W. Va. \VANTED.— To exchange 60-lb. cans for hone v. cash, '" or offers. No. 1 at 40 cts. per case; No. 2 at 30 cts. G. ly. Buchanan, HoUidays Cove, W. Va. \VANTED. — Partner to go in with me and enlarge my '" bee business ; fine opportunity for anv one wish- ing to make a start in Cuba. R. M. McMurdo, Cauto, Santiago de Cuba. For Sale — 150 bee-hives, nailed and painted, and in good condition. Frames I,, size, 8 frames to the hive. Price 75 cents each. Also supers, arranged for the best system of hive ventilation known, with sep- arators, and nailed and painted. Price 50 cents. Sec- tion foundation, 50 cents per pound. Will exchange for wax if desired. F. H. McFarland, Hyde Park, Vermont. yVANTED. — To exchange for bees, machine for mak- '' ing four-piece dovetailed section-boxes, two set of groovers and slicing-up saw, all on one mandrel; fine wood frame and table, with sliding gauge for slicing up; also pony planer, iron frame, nearly new, 1254-in. knife, with pres urebar close to knife. For planing thin stuff none better; will plane stuff 3 in thick. J. R. TuNNiCLiFF, Van Hornesville, N. Y. Situations Wanted. IV ANTED — Position bv a young woman where she ' can learn bee-keeping. Eastern States preferred. Reference Mr. J. H. M. Cook, 70 Cortlandt St., New York. Emma V. Haggerty. 152 East End Ave . New York. Addresses Wanted. W ANTED. — Your address on a postal for a little book on Queen-Rearing. Sent tree. Address Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass. \VANTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the '" truth about it by subscribing for the Havana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havana. $100 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale. — Italian queens from Root's red clover stock; 65c each, orST.OO per doz. Addre.'s IVEY Seaweil. Fort Deposit, Aia. For Sale. — A few hundred cases of 601b. honey- cans, good as new, at about half their real value. J. A. Buchanan & Sons, Hollidays Cove, W. Va. For Sale. — Water Spaniel puppies, none better, $6 each, six months old. Myron C. Safford, Salem, New York. For Sale. — Damaged sections, $2.00 and $2.50 per M. Send two-cent stamp for samples. Lewis C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids. Mich. For Sale. — Second-hand 60-lb. cans, two in a case, in lots of ten, free from rust on the inside, and practi- cally good as new, at 40c per case. f. o. b. Chicago B. Walker, Clyde, 111. For Sale. — Five-gallon square tin can used for hon- ey, at about half price of new cans. For prices, etc., address Orel I,. Hershisbr, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale.— 57 New AE5 8 fr. Root's Dovetailed hives in flat for 855.00, or 10 for $10; also 10 new 2S 8-frame supers in flat for 83.50. R. S. Chapin, Marion, Mich. For Sale. — Italian bee' with red-clover queen ; 3- frame nucleus on Danz. frame, so you can make a start with Danz. hives, $3.50. Standard frames the same. Orders shipped immediately. F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston, Mass. For Sale. — 325 colonies of best strain of Italians in United States, in good location in Southwest Texas. Location, business, and outfit for sale at a bargain. Address for particulars C. Worth, Karnes City, Tex. For Sale. — Fifty colonies of hybrid bees on 5i^x 14J{ frames, ten frames to a section, two sections to a hive: full colonies with queen 83.50; ten-frame section $2.00, f. O. b. W. W. COOLIDGE, Sun Prairie, Wis. For Sale. — Italian bees and queens. We make one, two, and three frame nuclei a specialty. Write for circular and price list. Also, 100 T supers for sale cheap. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Page Co., Iowa. For Sale.— Apiatnan outfit of small house and acre of land with 200 colonies Italians in Dovetailed hives, in best white-clover part of Minnesota (also basswood and goldenrod); to a buyer of the lot, colo- nies at $4.00, and accessories at one-half list price; combs 20c a square foot. X Y Z, Gleanings For Sale or Exchange. — One white tent 12x25; one 20x30. 7-ft. wall; new Belgium double-barrel shot- gun, size 38 55; No 12 Edison Standard phonograph, 36 records; trotting sulky; the best show out for tent, stage, or store, at a bargain, the " South Carolina Camel Boy." including two live monkeys, cost $100. Want honey, wax, foundation, extracting-combs. or honey- extractor. Write quick. R L Todd, Millton, New Brunswick, Can For Sale. — An apiary and farm, consisting of 120 acres good grazing land, and only fifteen minutes' walk from the city of Carrtenas. and on the public road; having on said place Z50 hives ( American system), all necessary supplies to handle these, good house on grounds, numerous fruit-trees, plenty of shade for bees, thirty odd head of cattle raised on the place, among these six fine American milch cows (Holstein stock) selling nice little amount of milk daily, good- riding saddle-horse, ox-wagon with fine yoke oxen in fine condition, two good water wells, large pine-apple grove now producing, and with capacity to plant, if required, 60 000 henequen plants. Sell for cash, or on time with satisfactory guarrantee. Address American Bee Hive, P. O. Box 44, Cardenas, Cuba. 1904 GLEAN'INGS IN BEE CULTURE. 617 Xr "If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder." '^ .^ .^^^k. Established 1889. Ji£^ j^V Bee= keepers' | I -^1^ Supplies. I -^» Distributor of Root's goods from the best shipping point in the Country. ''({•^ V My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Company, -Jl^ "^* and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: 'IJ^ -^* Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb ♦'i^^ ^^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, 5,^ "^* Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact, '"J*" ^r EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. ^^ ^r Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. f*' j^ 5^ -^ ITALIAN QUEEN BEES and NUCLEI. Strictly . J^.t high grede, and a pleased Customer every time. ^^ ■^^ Untested Queens $ 75 5,^ 'W Tested " 1 00 "^ TsSu Comb of Brood and Bees 1 25 ^^ Xf All nuclei put up and shipped by myself, personally. ^ ^>^ My 5tock of Supplies j^ is fresh from the factory, and fully up-to-date in every detail. My sections are not dried ''1^ out and they do not break in bending. -^i What They Say ^: WALTER 5. POUDER, V Winchester, Ind., May 10, 1901. Ji^ J^^ Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. ^^*^ yjl Dear AV;— The large order I sent you for supplies came the second day after I mailed ^ \ the order, and every article was of the very best quality. I can pay, vi'ith the greatest pleas- 5>5^ •^S§^ ure, that ry business relations with you have been of an exceedingly pleasant nature. The f|j^. -^ hundreds of Oollars' woith of supplies that I have bought of you were of the very finest ma- ^ \ terial and style that I have ever seen, and the promptness and exactness with which you »fi^_ Ji^^ have filled my orders has made me many dollars because you have always sent me every arti- ^C^ y^ cle just as I ordered, and as prompt as railroad service could carry them to me. Wishing ^ ■^, jou continued success, 1 remain as ever, your friend and customer, C.O.Yost. ^1^_ ^^ Beeswax Wanted. ^ y^ I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make ^^T y!*" small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your V V name on the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send i to you. 4^ ^' t '^C 513= 515 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^ ^^^^^^^^^#:^^#r^^^^^^^ 618 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June IS ♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦< I More Room! We now occupy the greatest floor space, and carry the largest stock of goods, that we ever did before. Our specialty is 'WHolesale and R.etail Lewis* Goods AT' ♦ Factory Prices. T Dovetailed hives. Wisconsin hives. Champion T Chaff hives. Improved Langstroth Simplicity I hives, and our new hive which we call the T Acme hive. Thousands of pounds of comb T foundation ; millions of sections in about 30 T different sizes and styles, and eveiything the T bee-keeper needs. T Do not fail to find out all about the ♦ ACME HIVE. ? Hundreds of them already sold, this T year. Catalogs and plenty of informa- T tion free. Let us estimate on your order. I C. M. Scott & Co., i 1004 E. Washington St., ^ Indianapolis, = Ind. ♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦< Do You Need Queens? If so, you want none but the best. Prolific Queens? — thev mean large colonies. Good Workers ? — the}'^ mean full supers We can fill your orders for such queens by return mail, from our choice strain of three band Italians, which are not excel- led as honey-gatherers. : : : Choice tested queens, $1.00 each; untested 75c; per dozen, $8.00. Seud Jor circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO.. LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LOUISIANA. Virginia Queens Italian queens secured by a cross, and years of careful selection. From red-clover queens and Superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson. I can furnish large vigorous untested queens 75 cts.; after June 15th, 60 cts.; tested queens, $i.OO; after June 15th, 75 cents. Write for discount on large orders. CHAS. KOEPPEN, FredericRsbtirg, - Virginia. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honey, sections, comb foundation, and such other articles used in the apiarv. H''rite for price list. A. "W. S1VA.N e Ameri- can Bee-keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. ADDR£:SS U/ye W. T. Falconer Mfg. Company, W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our Ick en « S ga v a !t o a 2 M& aii in 2S 'I 5§ per lb per lb per lb per gal per gal White Clover Bass wood Alfalfa S14 8^ 7 6}4 8 8 8 6 75^ 6 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 10 1 00 1 10 1 10 1 10 Orange ' Anber 1 00 90 PACKAGES. By far the largest part of our honey comes put up in the 60-lb. square tin cans, two cans in a case. We also get some in kegs and barrels We agree to furnish it only in such packages as we happen to have. Unless you find price quoted for different packages, it is understood that we hirnish only in 5-gallon and 1- gallon cans. AIKEN HONEY-BAGS. We did not include these bags in our catalog this year because we wanted to .'ee them more generally tested in different sections of the country, and proven a satisfactory package everywhere before doing so. We are prepared to supply them, and have arranged for a 1-lb. size in addition to the four other sizes told heretofore. We are now supplied with all sizes. 1-LB. SIZE, ^^5^x5'/^. lOno §,5 50 5000(8) 5.25 5 LB. SIZE, 7x10. 100 $ 1 20 500 5..50 1000 10,50 100 $ .«5 500 3.00 I 2 LB. SIZE, 5x7!^. 100 8 .80 I 500 3 75 I 1000 7.00 5(00® 6.60 I 5000(a) 10 00 3J4-lb. SIZE, 6x9j^ m lb. SIZE, lOxlOJ^. 100 $1.00 I 100 $ 1 50 500 4.75 I 5(10 7.00 1000 8 75 I 1000 13 50 5000® 8.25 I 5000® 13 00 We will print in name and address of producer or dealer, in aifferent quantities, at the following sched- ule of prices for any size: I.ots of 100 30 cts. I^otsof 250 50 cts. Lotsof .500 75 cts. Lots of 1000 $1.00. For each additional 1000, add 50 cents. Each change of name and address counts as a separate order. For instance. 1000 bags printed with four different names and addresses, 2.50 of each, would be $2.00; with ten different names $3.00, etc. As the bags must be print- ed before they are made up and coated, we can not change the label except in lots of 19,000 or over. We have some plain 2-lb. size of dark-drab paper which we can furnish plain at $2 (X) per 1000 less than prices quoted above, or we can print a smaller special label in one color at above ratt^s extra for printing. Special Notices by A. I. Root. HARDY CAT.\LPA AS A FARM CROP. This bulletin is put out by the Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster. It is full of pictures; and this hardy catalpa, without question, promises to be one of our best fc rest trees for growing valuable timber, not only for lumber for hives, but for fence-posts, railroad ties, and durable timber for any purpose. The bulletin gives a picture of a catalpa gate-post that has been in use for 70 years, and is good even yet. If you are in- terested in the ma ter, by all means send for Bulletin 149, as above. USEFULNESS OF THE AMERICAN TOAD. The above is the title of a very interesting farmers' bulletin. No. 196, put out by the Department of Agri- culture. I have a pet toad in my greenhouse that I consider worth several dollars. He keeps down the ants that are trying to pasture aphides, and mealy bugs on the leaves of my exotic plants The toad consumes more ants by bulk than of any other insect. A toad is not very particular. He can take potato- beetles, gipsy moth, or anv of these pests, without making a wry face Dr. Hodge has seen a toad snap up 86 common flies in less than ten minutes; and the best part of it is, the toad has a digestion that will take care of all the bugs and insects he can swallow from sundown till morning. This bulletin says if the toad gets after your bees, lift your hives a little higher, but do not kill the toad. It is too valuable. ALFALFA IN THE NORTH. A government bulletin has just been issued in regard to alfalfa seed, strongly emphasizing the importance of using nothing but the best. The price has recently advanced, and the temptation is quite great to use something that does not cost so much ; but it is poor policy in many ways. You stand a greater chance of getting foul weeds started in your ground, and you get more good strong plants for your money — at least as a rule — when you buy the very best seed to be ob- tained. The matter is constantly assuming greater importance because farmers are beginning to find out that alfalfa can now be grown almost all over the North, but it requires more care to get a stand ; but when a good stand is once secured, it will take care of itself for almost a lifetime In nearly every neigh- borhood and locality you will find somebody who is succeeding with p.lfalfa. A very valuable bulletin was put out about a year ago by our Ohio Experiment Sta- tion. The one I have just referred to. published bv the Department of Agriculture, Washington, is enti- tled ■' Farmers' Bulletin No 194." Address Secretary of Agriculture. Washington, D. C. "Increase" is a little booklet by Swarthmore, tells how to make up winter losses with less labor, without breaking full stocks. Entire- ly new plan, 25c. Prospectus free. Address B. Lr. Pratt, SWARTHMORE, PA., U.S.A. DEE-KEEPERS, let me sell you the best goods made. '-' You will be pleased on receipt of them, and save money by ordering from me. My stock is all new and complete. I handle the G B.Lewis Co and The A. I. Root Co eoods. Send for catalog. It is free. W. J. Mccarty, Emmetsburs, Iowa. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 621 il/ 1884 price: list of 1904 i^/ — i^ and I^IP^^C^ ^f^ iiif H; Untested Queens, each - - - $ 75 35 ^^ ^|/ S Tested Queens, each - - I 00 ^ ?? rf I Select Tested Queens, each - - 2 00 | I\ ili S Two-frame Nucleus (no queen), - 1 00 S /f^ ^11 u» Three-frame Nucleus (no queen), - - 1 50 '»* i^\ (i/ Jj Four-frame Nucleus (no queen), - 2 03 J (t^ \i/ S Full Colony, eight-frame, (no queen) - 4 00 t ^ W We are booKin^ orders for Queens -JJ w and Bees at tHe above prices. j^ ^i We breed with scientific, intelligent methods from the best ^ ijil Imported and Long-tongue stock. Cheaper queens may (f\ ili be had elsewhere, but we make no effort to compete with (f) ()jf the prices of the cheap- ouEEN men. Our stock is worth ^ \j^t our price. You will be pleased with our stock and our (f^ \|/ prompt and careful attention to your orders. We guarantee it. (9) % fUS il/ ^ 04-pa^e Catalog^ of Supplies Free. ^^ /n ill fk^ '' J, M. JENKINS, '' j{j WETUMPKA, - ALABAMA. ^J 622 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. June 15 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. •^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ Send for Our FREE New Illustrated Catalog and Price List. ^ ^ IFTY Y Seven orig'inil inventions, an'l the b?es have enabled bge-keepers to supplv the world vcith the best cheap and abundant honey. Rev. L. L. Langstroth's shallow-chamber movable-comb frames Inventor did not improve his invention. T. F. Bingham, closed-end movable-comb frames. He improved his invention. Baron von Hruschka. revolving hof>ey-extractor. Inventor did not improve his invention. J. Mehring indented comb foundation. Inventor did not improve his invention. A. I. Root Invented foundation rolls. T. F .Bingham, uncapping - knife. Invention has never been improved. T. F. Bingham, continuous direct-draft smoker. Inventor has twice improved his invention. The bellows of the Bingham smokers has double leather, and strips of wood glued and nailed, forming its hinge, — does not slip or wabble. The metal part has a shield and a brass exhaust tube to direct the blast and protect the wood and hands from heat {does not whistle). The top has a cool wire handle and bent exhaust, to curve the smoke, catch the ashes and soot and fire (a safe feature) . Bingham has made and sold thousands everj' year for 26 years, has never received a complain- ing letter, but hundreds of the most complimentary character. Smokers are similar, but there are none like Bingham's. Bingham has received all the bellows- smoker patents granted by the United States, four in all, but has never sold an}' patent rights. Bingham smokers burn any thing, and never go out, and last from 5 to 21 years. Prices, by Mail. Tin, 4-inch Smoke Engine $ | .50 Doctor. 3J^ inch Smoker $|. J O Conqueror, 3-inch $|,00; large, 2^ inch .QO Little Wonder, 2 inch 65 Copper of the three largest sizes, 50 cents more than tin. These are our regular prices. But we make a special which we charge 10 cents more for. Uncapping-knife 80C Thanking every one for 26 years of favors and respect, T. F. BINGHAM, - FARWELL, MICH. Volume XXXII. meEE CULTUflE oNTENTs ^ W Market Ouotations 627 Straws, by Dr. Miller 635 Pickings, by Stenog 637 Conversations with Doolittle 638 Editorials 639 Glycerine Not a Preventive of Candying 639 The Honey Crop for 1904 639 An Association Brand of Purity 610 The Greatest Honey Plant in the World 610 Sending Unscraped Comb Honey to Market. ..640 Hoffman Frames— Merits and Demerits 641 General Correspondence 643 Thin vs. Thick Top-Bars 644 Bees and Fruit 6*6 An tlp-to-Date Bee-Keeper in Nevada 647 Has the Straw Hive a Future in America? 648 No Danger from Putting Honey in Syrup 6o0 Indoor vs. Outdoor Wintering 6o0 Ventilation -with Celler Wintering t>.)l ATSuper Without Separators or Fences 6.52 Report of the PhiladelphiaBee- Keepers' Asso- _ ciation Meeting 653 Seed-Growing for Bee-Keepers 6o4 Grain 656 Bees on Shares 6.j9 Shallow Hives for Brood Nests and Supers 6h0 Making the Bee-Smoker Automatic 661 Queens Mating Twice 661 !>, It Alfalfa or Sweet Clover? ....663 Household Ammonia for Removing Propolis..<)6^ Coggshalls Brood Frame with End Staples., tifij Bleaching the Darkest Yellow Comb White. Eastei^»^ Edition. Entered at the poc-^or^^'-E, at ^^edina, Ohio, as Second--- • ss. Matter. If you want your orders filled within 24 hours send them to us. We have the largest stock iii Michigan, and can ship at once. Beeswax wanted at highest market prices. LEWIS C. & A. G. Grand Rapids, Mich. 1 i ! CAN SHIP TO-DAY. Cl have the larg-est stock, and the best assoriinent I ever had at this time of year, and can tiU your order the same day it is re- ceived. I have more Hives, Su- pers, Sections, and Foundation, Shipping-Cases, and every thing- you may need than I can possibly seU this season. CBut don't wait, send in your orders promptly, and they will be filled promptly. YES, THEY ARE ROOT'S GOODS AND SOLD AT ROOT'S PRICES. Clf you have not my 36 - page catalog, send for it, free. Bees- wax wanted, either for cash or trade. GEORGE E. HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. L __l Hurry Up Orders FOR Hives, Sections, Founda= tion, etc. The supplies you order this month you want ^^right away^^ — ^^as soon as possible/^ That is what we are doing for others, let us do it for you. :: :: :: For Root's Goods in iVlichigan= ==In a Hurry. M. H. HUNT & SON, "•'"kfS,'!''"- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 627 t C. H. W. Weber, t *X Headcr\iarters for *f I Bee-Suppliesi f "X R.oot*s Ooods at Root's Factory Prices. f 2 <$) f^ — Let me sell you the Best Goods Made; you will be pleased on receipt — ^ of them, and save money by ordering from me. Will allow you a discount on ^ ?$? early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is f$> f^/y one of the best shipping-poiats to reach all parts of the Union, particularly ^fl, JL in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction JL T guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed T ■^ promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :: :: :: — 2 I Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and 1. 2_ a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and 4 Hjy without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey ^J^ d^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and t^ 1^ bee-veils. (^ i$* Queens Now Ready to Supply by Return Mail; Golden itai- (|> jm^ ians, Red-clover, and Carniolans. Will be ready to furnish nuclei, beginning (^ J-*- with June, of all the varieties mentioned above. Prices foPjiUntested. during June, j^ X one. 75; six, $4.00; twelve. $7.50. Z ^ I will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and *^ W^W shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- 4^^ (^ rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. (^ (^ ^ (^ I have in Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants: Sweet- «|i ^ scented clover, white and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- ^ t. celia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. ^ 4^ (^ (^ (^ (^ (^ 4^ (^ ^ C. H. W. Weber. Office (Sb Salesroom, 2146-2148 Central Ave. 'Warehouse, Freetnarn ai:\cl Cex^tral A.v-ei:\ue. CINCINNATI, OHIO. 628 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE Honey Market. July 1 GRADING-RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel- Btain or otherwise : all thp cells sealed exceut an occasional cell, the outside surfaceof the wood well scraped of propolis. ANo. 1.— All s.oi ons well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; C)mbs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of nomb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface mnst be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey Is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is. there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Philadelph ia. — It is just between sea sons now with comb honey. No sales reported, and nothing doing. Our commission markets are at the height of the berry season; few sales made in extracted honey for manufacturing purposes We quote fancy white ex- tracted at 7c; amber, fc. Beeswax is declining, 28c for best yellow. We are producers of honey and do not handle on commission. Wm. A. Selser, June 22. 10 Vine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Toledo. — The market on comb honey remains same as last quotation; no new honey is offered as yet; the old is pretty well cleaned up in this locality. Ex- tra fancy, 14@1.5; No. 1, 13. No demand for amber. Ex- tracted white clover, in barrels, 6J^@7; in cans, 7^. Beeswax. 26@28. June 20. Griggs Bros., Toledo, O. Cincinnati. — Since warm weather set in, hardly any sales of comb honey are made ; what little there was sold was fancy white, and brought from 12]4@ Viy^. Extracted has a fair demand. I quote same as follows: Amber, in barrels. 55^@5?4; in cans, %c more; alfalfa, 654; fancy white clover, 1%. Nice yellow bees- wax, 30c. C. H. W. Weber, June 18. 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. St. L,ouis. — The honey market has not undergone any change since our last, and repeat quotations as follows: Fancy comb honey from 12(3)li- A No. 1, 11 (5)12: No. 1. lOfdill; No. 2, about !l; No. 3, from 7@8. Extracted, 5@.5^ in cans, and 4@4i4 in barrels. Daik and other inferior grades will biing less. R. Hartmann & Co., June 20. St. Louis, Mo. Cincinnati. — The demand for honey is slow for this season of the year, which is due to the vast quan- tities that were held over from last .«eason. and the importation of Cuban honey. We quote amber in barrels and cans at 5J^@654; white clover. 6J4(aS. Beeswax, 30. The Fred W. Muth Co., June 15. 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio New York. — Very little cemand for comb honey. Some trade for No. 1 and fancy white at from 12@13, while dark and amber are almost unsalable. Ex- tracted is in fair demand, although prices are irregu- lar. We quote from 5@6^ per lb., according to quali- ty. Southern in barrels, at from 50@55 per gal. Bees- wax is more plentiful and prices are gradually declin- ing. We quote 28@29. Hildreth & Segelken, June 21. 265 Greenwich St., New York. Kansas City. — Fancy white comb 'honey, new stock, is selling at $3.25 per case; No. 1 stock, Si CiO; am- ber, $2.75. Old extracted honey is very slow sale. Beeswax in good demand at 30c. C. C. Clemons & Co., June 21. Kansas City, Mo. San Francisco. — New comb per lb., nominal. Ex- tracted, water-white, 5%(a),6: light amber, 5@5^; dark amber, 454@5. Beeswax, 28@29. Ernest B. Schaeffle, June 12. Murphys.JCal. For Sale.— Fancy white extracted honey, 7 to 8J^c. per lb. Sample 10c. I. J. Stringham, 105jPark Place,^New York City. For Sale. — 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in cases of two new 60-lb. cans each, at 7% cts. per lb.; 335-lb. barrels at 7 cts. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R. R. No. 1, Viola,'.Wis. For Sale. — New crop fancy white extractedlhoney, in 60-lb. cans or 32- gal. barrels. G. 1,. Buchanan, HoUiday's Cove, W. Va. Wanted.— Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted— Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at anytime of the year. Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hildreth & Segelken, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 26c cash or 28 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 14-4 E. Erie St., Chicago, 44 Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The A. I. Root Company, Medina, O. STANDARD BRED QUEENS. BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER. GOLDEN ITALIANS. CARNIOLANS. By Return Mail. Safe Arrival Guaranteed. PR.ICH:S .one six t Untested . . $0. 75 $4.00 $7 Select Untested . 1.00 5.00 . 9 Tested 1.50 8.00 15 Select Tested . 2.00 10.00 18 Select Breeders, each . ^ ..$300 Two-frame Nucleus. and nice Queen 3.00 THE FRED W. MUTH CO., No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI. OHIO 1904 r^^ GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE, 629 Us Send You ^^^ Our Book. about tr^ioil wheels and txciod »aj;oiis that will save \ on a lot of work and make vou a lot of money -the ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS and the ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON. liy every test, tliey are the best. More than one and a quarter millions S'dd. Spokes united to the hull, c'an't work loose. A set of our wheels will make your old wafion new. ( atalogue tree. ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. Box 95 Quincy, Ills. Water Problem Solved. ell-Drillina; Machine gets it friend. Especially for do- making. Cheapest by half, i the most praciical of any. Best money-maker on the mar- ket. Catalog free. J.J.Koger&Sons Moorsburg. Tenn. ,; : sfes 1 GOOD BED SPRIN&S are made of the same wire as Paae Fences PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.. Box S, Adrian, Mich. ISquab.s are raised in one month, bring BIO PRICES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something WORTH IjOOK- ING INTO. Send for our frbe book, "How to Make Money with Squabs, and learn this rich industry. Address □ PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MASS. Hunter-Trader-Trapper \ journal of information for hunt- ers, traders, and trappers; publish- ed monthly; subscription $1.00 per year; sample copies ten cents. Special time-offer, five months for 23o. Gleanings m Bee Culture and H-T-T each one year $1.50. HUNTER-TRADER-TRAPPER. Box 90. Gallipolis, Ohio. Are You Chained ToThe Wash Tub "1900" ei Family Washer P 13 p p TP 13 I A I Freight prepaid. No money or promise of any kind is re- ■ ^V ^B ^H I 1^ I A^ la quired. Use it for thirty days; then if you do not wish to purchase return it at our expense. We -pay the Freight both ways. Unlike all other washers, the "1900" sends the water through the clothes and washes them absolutely clean in six minutes with no wear or tear on the garments or the operator. Perfectly adjusted BalUBeariogs do the same for it as for the bicycle — make it work with little effort. IT IS ABSOLUTELY FREE TO YOU FOR THIRTY DAYS Write today for full information and Free Catalogue. "1900" Washer Co., uzg Henry St., Binghamlon, N. Y. 630 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 Make your face happy by using Williams' Shav- ing Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet " How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. "yO every subscriber to White's Class Advertising I will un- dertake to advise regarding the preparation, execution, and the best methods of handling news- paper advertising in all class lines that have to do with Agriculture. If you need a catalogue, booklet, a design, illustration, mailing card, art or editorial work relating to your advertising, I will give advice free. Send 10 cents stamps or sil- ver, for sample copy White's Class Advertising — better than an Adver- tising College Course. Address FRANK B. WHITE Counselor at Advertisinp: "At it Seventeen Years" 900 Caxton BIdg. Chicago, 111. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cu ting, mitering, grooving, boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for working wood in any man- ner. Send for catalog A. The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co., 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs.. N. Y Foot and Hand Power ^^e "MEND-A-RIP" I Does all kinds of light and Heavy Stltchina l>ues all kiDtjfl ^of light and heavj riveting Save the I'rici of Itself t Times a Year. A Perfect Hand SewiDg Machine and Riveter combiDtd You can do your own repairing at any time. Write me for de- tails of a complete repair outfit a box. Write for particulars. ". J. fCoot, 90 W. Broadway, TSo-w -Vo:tris. Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1S73.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CAIyVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. 1,. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms.* $1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50; three years, $2.00; five years, $:ii.OO, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontintiaiices: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice iust before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, and will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time paid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISING RATBS, Column width, 2% inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Nei). 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 250 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 1000 lines® 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates {Nei). 1 page $40 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Cir-culatioa Average for 1903. 18,666, The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer Officers: J. V. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111., Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, I,os Angeles. Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, I,oveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. WM. McEvoy, Woodstock, Ont. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CUL'lURE. 631 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ I Low Bates to tde Soutli are made on the first and third „- Tuesdaj- of each month by the "7"^ SOUTHERN RAILWAY at which times round-trip tickets to points in tlie South and Southeast are sold at ONE. FARE PLUS $2.00. A splendid opportunity is thus afTorded the residents of the North and West to gain knowledge personally of the great re- ^ sources and possibilities of a section which is A developing very rapidly, and showing results ▲ which are most satisfactory i IvOw-priced lands, superior business opportuni- i ties, unexcelled locations for factories can be ^ obtained, or are offered, in all the States reach- Jed by the Southern System. Illustrated publi- cations and full information upon request. . . f M. V. RICHARDS, ♦ T LAND AND INDUSTRIAL AGENT, T T Washington, D. C. T X CHAS. S. CHASE, T. B. THACKSTON, ▲ i AGENT, TEAV. AGT., X J^ Land and Indust'l Dept., Land and Indust'l Dept., J Chemical Bldg., ;2'J5 Dearborn St., J St. Louis, Missouri. Chicago, Illinois, y »♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ one season, planting- in ro- tation cauliflower, cucum- bers, egg'-plants, in beauti- ful, health-g-iving Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-growers. Thousands of acres open to free homestead entry. Handsomely illustrated de- scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchange in Vir- ginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Line Railway, Portsmouth, Va. Splendid Location for Bee-lceepers Mr.A. I. Root's Writings of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful section reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets of Michigan farm lands and the fruit hsit, address J. £. Merrltt, Manistee, Michigan. SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps SPRAY ►'UMPS Double-actlng.Lift, Tank and Spray PUMPS Store Ladders, Eta HAY TOOLS of aU kinds. Write for Circulars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel rollerbearings, easy to push and tojpull, cannot be thrown off the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buv in quantitv. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland, • Ohio. FENCE! STROMGEST MADE. Bull strong, Ctiicken- Tight. Sold to the Karmerat Wholessi* Prices. Fnll7 Warranted. Cataloer Free. COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box Mil IVlnehester, Indiana, r. 8. A- POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated. 50c yr. , shows readers how to Bucceed with Poultry. Special Introductory Offer. 3years60cts; lyear25cts; 4 months trial lOcts. Stampsaccepted. Sample copy free. 148 page iUustrateo practical lultry book free to yearly gubscribers. Catalogue of poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co., g^^L^eid.a Voice Great $1 Farmers Co = Operative Club Send us the Dames of ten f riendt or neighboR whom you believe vtIU be interested in a jourua standing for the fanner's best f nterests, and we will send you these five Kreat periodicals eacl or which stands at the head of Its class farmer's Voice"" '""° Rural Weekly • For forty years the most earneit advocate of all things which tend to make life on the farm more pleasurable and profitable. $.601 Wayside Tales America's Great SLjrt Story Magazine, 96 pages In regular ma- gazine size of clean stories every month on fine book paper. 1.00 FOR Ttie American PoulfrVJournai , 50 1^ only The oldest and t>est poultry paper in the world. file Household Realm . . .50 For 18 years tht only woman's paper owned, edited and pal>- Ushed eiclusiTely by women. /ick's Family Magazine . .50 The leading Floral Magazine of America.^ Fop Vlck*e yon msy aabstlttite Oreeo'a Fmlv Slower, Farm Joarnal, Blooded Btoek, Kansas Clt> Btar or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Farmers' Voice fre* Liberal terms to ageDts. VOICE PUB. CO.. lis Voice Bldg., Chlcag*. FnVPlnnP( prlnted.to-order, only (1 per 1000: send *■" ' ^luiic Jf for free sample and state y«mr bnsIneMt Regulaf Price $i. and tea names o' farmerr ai above 632 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 I A Queen and the | i American Bee Journal | t FOR ONLY 1 DOLLAR. f «$» <$> f$» «$> ^ \X/--^ believe that every reader of ^ ^ ▼▼ Gleanings should also have the ^ f|> Weekly American Bee Journal, S J and in order that those who do not now j J get it may give it a good trial, we will j J send it for the last six months of 1904 j ^l' (26 copies)— July i to Jan. i— and also Y Y one of our Y ^rr^ Standard = bred <|, ^ All for only $1.00 >^ | i^ This offer is to new subscribers for the ^ f^ American Bee Journal. «|i (^ (^ ^ Prices of standard queens alone 4> i. One for 75c; three for $2.10; six for $4.00. i (^ (^ If you wish to see a free copy of the old American Bee Journal before accepting the above special offer, just address (^ (^ I Geo. W. York (^ Co. I # 334 Dearborn St., - CHicag;o, Ills, 4» 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 633 Bee=keeping as a Business is the title of a two-page editorial in the June Bee- keepers' Review. It does not go into details, but touches clearly and sharply upon the radical changes that riany bee-keepers must make if they are to make money instead of simplj^ struggling for an existence. The reading of this editorial may put ideas into your head that will lead you to success. Send ten cents for this issue, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. ^€e^&6^&c^s^6^^C'&&&£^^&&c^c^c^(^^(iei&s^^&f!ftfi8^&&c^&c^&s^^&g^&&&&?^6c«&«f:Ci(«e^^s^^&s^e^^f^% Dittmer's Foundation RETAIL AND WHOLESALE- an established reputation, because made by a process Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and Toughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Full Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Catalog and prices with samples free on application. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. CUS. DITTMER, - - - AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. CC \A/e \A/ Sm^l^^d iJ|3 J9 OUR stock-room was pretty badly smoked up during a fire in the povper-house in which we're located Water damaged things a little too. . . . But the insurance companies made good on it. . • . We're going to give our customers the benefit of this. 400,000 SECTIONS SMOKED UP. They were all crated, and only the edges are discolored. We'll let them go, while they last, for less than one-half. Crates hold 500. We won't break a crate. By the thousand, |i?.25. By the crate, $1.15. Sections are 1%, 1%, and 1%. Smokers of every sort slightly discolored by smoke, Y^ OFF. A number of extractors were smoked up. A good scouring will fix them as good as new. They'll go for Vi OFF. Many hives were smoked a little— they'll go for J^ OFF, while they last. Better write to-day and be sure of some things. MINNESOTA BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLY MINNEAPOLIS, - MINNESOTA. CO., USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 20 YEARS. Sold by Seed Dealers of America. Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, Trees and Shrubs from Insects. Put up in popular packages at popular prices. Write for free pamphlet on Bugs and Blights, etc., to B. HAMMOND. = Fishkill-on^Hudson. New York. Wnw%*AAl Lovers of Good Books £1 n i6Q 2 to write for list of 2U0 titles to select from. Beautiful cloth-bound $1 books mailed for 50c. These books are by the best authors, 200 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO., (Ref. Publishers of Gleanings.) Box 1014, Denver, Col. 1^ STORY EIGHT-FRAME L. HIVE $1.00. Sections, Dovetailed hives. Foundation, and all supplies at Reduced Prices. Send for list. W. D. SOPER, ■ Roule 3. JACKSON, MICHT 634 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. JULV 1 Like the "Japs" We are ^' right in it/' but wc are doing a "Russian" Business Send tis your orders at once. Send for our new Catalog — 68 Pages. Each Day We Make 100,000 Sections. THESE ARE FOR YOU. ™^ WIS. «»MBi«^»«tfB ^ •DE.Vol ED^-fi • AND Money- •AND Home:- "^ •INTE.F?EST^. Pubi.she<(by- theAI^ooT Co. $|£-°perYear 'N@"Medina-Ohio- Vol. XXXII. JULY I, 1904. No. 13 Shallow extracting- combs are blamed for making- bees swarm, in Mr. Doolittle's conversation, page 586. But don't the Da- dan ts use such combs, and are they not no- torious for the small amount of swarming they have? Wonderful uniformity has been at- tained in making foundation. I kept accu- rate count of three 25 pound boxes of thin super foundation, and they filled respec- tively the following numbers of sections: 2716, 2744, 2736. Friend Greiner, instead of using gum arable as you describe, page 598, you might try dextrin, with a few drops of carbolic acid to keep it from souring. Gum arable costs more than three times as much as dex- trin, and seems no better. Bottom starters in sections should be y% of an inch. If too small it is difficult, if not impossible, to put them in with a Daisy foundation -fastener, and the bees are more likely to dig them down. If too large they are more likely to topple over. Cool days in June have prevailed here as well as at Medina, and I've been thank- ful for it. It has held back the clover with- out hindering the building-up of colonies depleted by the dreadful spring dwindling. [We are still having cool days, and an abundance of clover is out. We are getting to be a little fearful, however, that this cool weather may hang on long enough so that the clover will finally go out of bloom. — Ed.] The Review has an exquisite picture of orange blossoms, and an article about them by W. S. Hart, both of them loaned to the Review by Editor H. E. Hill before their appearance in the American Bee-keep- er. I always knew Harry was a nice fel- low, and that act is confirmatory evidence of the fine spirit that is in him. [I wish to indorse both opinions expressed — that the picture of the orange-blossoms in the Review is "exquisite." and that Harry Hill is a " nice fellow." — Ed.] " Told you so," Mr. Editor. Said I ex- pected you to use a set of wires in cutting candy bricks, p. 323, and was told ''three or four wires could not be used." Now you've grown so much that you can use " four or five wires, " p. 589. [When I said we could not use more than one wire I had reference to the plan that we were then con- sidering—namely, that of pulling a wire or wires through the mass by hand ; but now that we have a beautifully constructed ma- chine that works with precision, we have new conditions, making possible the use of more than one wire. — Ed.] S. T. Pettit excites admiration by the careful way in which he goes to work to prove that more brace-combs are built be- tween thick than thin top-bars, p. 595. But if % gives more brace combs than }% — and ^s seems to be as thin as he thinks practic- able — there is still the real advantage in favor of the thicker bar that the greater distance of sections from the brood-combs makes the bees carry fewer bits of comb from the brood- chamber to darken the cap pings of the sections. [You will find this discussion continued further by Mr. Pettit and myself in this issue. — Ed.] " The case mentioned is probably one of paralysis and not of dysentery. If the for- mer, it will have been cured by this time; if the latter, spraying powdered sulphur on the bees at night . . . would probably do much to effect a cure," page 605. Lest some beginner should get all tangled up in that, I will say that the order of the words "paralysis" and "dysentery" should be reversed. It's dysentery that gets well of itself when bees have a flight, and paraly- sis is the thing that sulphur cures. [Thanks for the correction, doctor. The types were badly reversed. — Ed.] Tons of honey called " Orange-blos- som Honey " is shipped each year from Flor- ida, and it appears that it is a fraud on 636 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 the public. W. S. Hart^^says in Americati Bee-keeper that this honey all comes from outside the orange districts, and that not a barrel of pure orange-blossom honey was ever shipped out of the State. [If there are bee-keepers who are knowingly shipping honey under the catchy brand of "orange- blossom " when it is something else, their names should be made public, providing, of course, they will not discontinue the practice. Perhaps the mere mention of the matter in a general way will reach the proper parties. — Ed.] " Thp: scheme of lengthening the top-bar by cutting out the rabbet, and nailing a cleat on the end of a hive," p. 609, if I am not mistaken, is exactly the way movable- comb hives were first made. [You are cor- rect, that Langstroth was the first to make a cut- out rabbet and hive-cleat clear across. I find that, in one of his early works, dated 1857, is a drawing where the rabbet was entirely cut out, the same as is illus- trated on page 609. I have just consulted our patent-files, and find in the original L. patent, dated Oct. 5, 1852, that the form of the rabbet is not clearly shown; but the drawing gives the impression that the rab- bet first used was the same as we are now using. If this is the case, then Mr. Lang- stroth subsequently cut the rabbet out en- tirely, lengthening the projection of the top- bar. This only goes to show how nearly Langstroth was right in so many of his conclusions. We have had instances of it before so repeatedly that we can only mar- vel at the wonderful perception of the man whereby he could discriminate between the best and the mediocre.— Ed.] I've just been transferring into Miller frames combs from various other frames, and I marked one as of special interest. It's one I bought of Adam Grimm. I don't know how old it is, but Mr. Grimm has beeo dead 28 years, and I don't know how many years before his death I bought the comb. To look at it you would hardly no- tice it as a very old comb. [So far I have yet to see what I consider good proof that a comb more than 10 or 25 years old will rear smaller bees than a comb one year old. Nature certainly would not make such a fearful mistake. She is always in harmony with herself; and the presumption is that, if the cells do grow smaller from cast-off bowel-skins, or cocoons, the bees will re- move them. One is apt to be deceived about the size of his bees. A customer recently wrote us, stating that he wished to get some founda- tion for his bees that was 4 '2 cells to the inch, because the bees were larger than usual. I somewhat questioned the state- ment, and finally asked him to send me some bees in a mailing- cage so that we might measure them with a micrometer that would indicate thousandths of an inch. When the bees arrived they looked larger than common; but an actual micrometer test showed that, in every way we measured them, they were about the size of our regu- lar stock here at Medina. A careful exam- ination showed that the abdomens were slightly flatter and correspondingly wider, giving the whole bee the appearance of be- ing larger. In the same way one might jump to the conclusion that his bees were small, and, if reared in old comb, reason that it was responsible for their smallness, when, in fact, they were not small. — Ed.] A. I. Root, that's wonderfully interest- ing reading on pages 610 — 612. Keep up the fight; you're doing perhaps more than you know toward making some of the relig- ious papers behave decently in their adver- tising. [A religious paper that inserts doubtful or objectionable advertisements — especially those of the "get-rich-quick" kind — can not help weakening its influence on its editorial pages. When a paper is struggling for existence, a big cash offer of whole pages of space is very tempting; and the presumption is that some of these relig- ious editorial leaders have a little bit of the old Adam left in them, in that the almighty dollar has not entirely lost its glitter. On the other hand, it is very easy for a large journal with an immense circulation to dis- criminate, because it would be impossible to insert all the advertising that is offered it, and therefore it can select only the best. The Ladies'" Home Journal, with its im- mense circulation — immense because its pages are clean, can do this. It has certain- ly set so)ne of our religious publications to thinking along the line of practicing more what they preach. — Ed.] "Location " is a thing laughed at now and then; but, all the same, it keeps right on making serious differences as to the way things pan out. There's that plan given by Mr. Doolittle, p. 587, whereby three colo- nies are made from two with no danger of swarming from either. Mr. Doolittle is a close observer, and one who is careful of his statements; and when he says he has tried a thing for " over 25 years, and it has always proved successful," you may bank on it as being reliable — for his locality. For many other localities, mine for exam- ple, it wouldn't work. Take " any popu- lous colony which you have reason to think may swarm in a few days," and get the work " all done about three to eight days before your expected honey- flow." In this locality, three to eight days before the hon- ey-flow you don't find colonies thinking about swarming. Again: "The removed colony is in perfect condition, less the field- bees which have been drawn off by its re- moval in just the right time to stop all idea of swarming for the season." In this lo- cality, a colony removed to a new location before the honey-flow would merely have its swarming delayed, but would be just about as certain to swarm as if not removed. [In this locality swarming i's apt to take place a little prior to the honey- flow — that is, a little prior to the real onrush of nectar; then it lets up a little. If there is any one 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 637 thing- that varies according- to locality it is swarming. And then it varies also accord- ing to the season. Here, for example, no hocey has been coming in except just enough to supply the demands for brood- rearing. We have nothing but nuclei in our j'ards, for the reason that there has been such a heavy demand for bees we have had to draw on all of our strong colonies as well as weak ones. Of swarming- we have had an unusual amount when condi- tions of weather, of the colonies, and the honey- flow seemed to be all against it. The other day we had one swarm cluster a few minutes; and, before we could hive it, it went over the 50- foot evergreens, then struck out in a bee-line directly northwest. Heretofore our swarms have been more ac- commodating, and we have been in the hab- it of taking our time to hive them. This swarm could have been headed off if we had had ready a spray-pump with a pail of water; for I have proved personally that I can drive a swarm in the air like a flock of sheep, and finally force it to settle again. — Ed ] y^eiejhbor^jieldj 55 The Canadian Bee Journal suggests that combs which have been gnawed by mice can be made good by cutting- out the torn part with the top of a tin can, biscuit fash- ion, then cutting out a whole piece from another comb and putting it in the place of the piece removed. The beeswill do the rest. Mr. Titoff has just pointed out to me a passage in a Bohemian bee- journal, show- ing that the number of colonies of bees in the kingdom of Servia in 1859 was 50,200; in 1866, 106,000; in 1890, 124,600; in 1900, 172,400. That is a remarkable increase for so small a country — only half the size of Ohio. The Bohemians call a hive an " ul. " Some might see a strange coincidence be- tween this sudden advance in prosperity and the cessation of Turkish rule in that turbulent country. Mil There's no doubt that the sale of comb honey suffers at both ends of the route — in the hands of the producer and in the store of the retailer in the villages and cities. On the 19th of June I was in a hamlet in the western part of Ohio, and while there I had occasion to stop in front of a grocery, where I saw some comb honey in the win- dow. As it was Sunday, the store was, of course, closed. There were five sections standing on a little board, entirely uncov- ered, with the edges toward the window. The sections were badly stained or else in- geniously decorated, for they somewhat re- sembled a county map of Illinois. Right here was the fault of the beekeeper, for he could have easily scraped the wood so as to show its natural color at least, and per- haps have removed some of the marks of the buzz-saw. The honey itself could not be seen except on the right side of the right section. The appearance of that side was fine — it could have been graded as " Fan- cy " without stretching the truth. It was as white as honey ever is; the cells were filled to the wood, and the surface was as flat as the traditional pancake. I have no doubt the sections were all like this one; but the part that first met the public eye was re- pellent— that dirty wood; and, worse still, flies were having a premature celebration of the Fourth all over it; and what business has a fly on food, anyhoiv? That grocer should have fixed those sections up in more presentable shape — trimmed their edges with some colored paper, and put them in a glass case so the surface of the honey could be seen from the outside, and thus keep all the flies away. Here, from begin- ning to end, every condition for the sale of such or any goods was violated. I greatly longed to read these lines to that grocer, but he was away. It must not be supposed that he was a sinner in this respect above all grocers, for, take it the country over, this state of affairs will be found in too many stores. There is no article of human food that deserves to be presented in more attractive form, and kept more spotlessly clean, than comb honey. Further, why should a man who is in business to make a living by selling things stand so exactly in his own light, when it would be just as easy and far more pleasant to present his goods as if they had just come out of the bandbox instead of some repulsive place? BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. The editor cites the case of a Frenchman who sowed a field with buckwheat, half of which received a good dressing of farmyard manure, and the other half was dressed with lime. On the first, not a bee was to be seen when the plants flowered; whereas on the second they were flying in thou- sands. There is no doubt that lime in the soil is a great agency in inducing a flow of nectar. In the French-speaking cantons of Swit- zerland, 264 bee-keepers insured 4198 hives of bees. The cost of insurance was about a cent apiece. Every bee-keeper is ex- pected to make a correct return of the num- ber of his hives so that he may be correctly assessed. An old English bee-keeper expressed some doubt as to the large yields per colony reported in some journals. A writer in Mr. Cowan's journal replies, "In Argen- tina, average takes of 330 to 550 lbs. per hive are common. One American produced 112,000 lbs. of surplus last year, 22,000 lbs. 638 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURF. July 1 of it being comb honey. Another apiarist has 700 colonies in one location in one yard. One State can turn out 8,000,000 lbs. of honey. Several individual bee-keepers pos- sess over 3000 stocks." TIME WHKN YOUNG QUEENS BEGIN TO LAY. "Mj' name is C. W. Babcock, and I came to have a little talk with G. M. Doolittle. Is this he?" " That is the name my parents gave me. What can I do for j'ou?" "It is like this: I had lots of trouble last year by young queens trrning up missing along in August, or, at least, that was the time I found that many of my colonies which had swarmed were without queens. What I wish to know is, how long a time must elapse between the time the first or prime swarm issues from the parent colony, and the time the young queen begins to lay." "In your question we have something which is very often overlooked by very many bee-keepers, if I am to judge by the many letters I get, telling of trouble simi- lar to yours, and colonies are allowed to go without queens till laying workers appear, or the colony dwindles down to where rob- bers take awaj' all the honey the hive con- tains, and then the owners find out some- thing is wrong, when it is too late to remedy affairs." " That describes me, C. W. Babcock, ex- actly, and I want you 1o tell me how to avoid this state of affairs." "As a rule, the time from the issuing of the first swarm to the time the first j'oung queen emerges from her cell is seven days." " Excuse me; but I must ask some ques- tions as you go along, in orrer that thick- headed C. W. Babcock can understand. What are the exceptions to this rule?" " If the swarm issues before the sealing of the first queen- cells, then it may be from eight to sixteen da3's before the young queen emerges, just according to how far ad- vanced the embryo queens were at the time of the issuing of the swarm. But the rule is that the first swarm comes with the seal- ing of the first queen- cells. " " I see. That makes it plain." "After the young queen emerges, if aft- er-swarming is allowed it will be all the way from four to eight days before a young queen becomes established in the hive over her rivals, just according to how the bees treat the young queens which are in their cells after the first one emerges." " What do the bees have to do with it?" " If after-swarming is to be allowed, then the bees cluster in little knots about each queen cell, to keep the emerged queen from killing her rival sisters. This causes an after- ssvarm to issue two to three days lat- er; and if the bees still cluster the cells after letting another young queen out, another after-swarm issues, and so on till they conclude to swarm no more, when all but one young queen is killed, and the liv- ing one established in the hive." " Well, that is something j never under- stood before. ' ' " The queen, once established, will fly out to meet the drones when from five to eight days old; and as a queen may not be more than a day or two old when establish- ed, it may be five or six days afterward be- fore she mates. Then there is a period of from two to three days after mating before the queen begins to lay." " Then we should have seven days in the cell, eight daj's before flying out, and three days after flying out, or eighteen days from the time of issuing of first swarm till the young queen should be laying?" " That would be about right where there was no after- swarming; but where there was, there would be five or six days there to add, so that, where after-swarming is allowed, it will often be from 22 to 24 days before the queen commences to lay." " Yes, I see." ' ' Then should you look to see if any queen was laying at about the time she first commenced, the eggs would be so scat- tering that you might make a careful search of nearly all the combs before you see these few eggs, as they are so few and far be- tween that it will bother you to find them; hence I always consider it a paying policy to wait 26 to 28 days, at which time young larvae should begin to appear, which, to- gether with the eggs in several combs, tells you, generally, upon the lifting of the first center comb of the hive, that the young queen is there all right." " Yes, I see. And I now see, also, that, in failing to make any such examination, I was in ignorance in this matter, till, should the queen fail in laying, it was too late. But what do you do where you do not find eggs or larva? when looking 28 days after the first swarm issued? " "If no eggs or larvae are found, a frame of brood should be immediately given, when you will look again in two days to see if queen-cells are being started. If so, then the colony should be given a laying queen at once; or, if this is impossible, two or three frames of brood should be given them at once." " Why don't you give a laying queen as soon as you ascertain there is no brood in the hive? " "Because I am not yet sure they are queenless. They raay have a crippled queen, one that could not go out to meet the drone, or something they were tolerating as a queen, in which cise they would kill ev- ery queen I tried to introduce." 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 639 " Then the giving of the brood is to find out for certain whether they are queen- less?" " Yes, mainly. And then it strengthens the colony later on also." " Yes. I see. But why do you give the three frames of brood if you can not give a laying queen as soon as you find out the colony is queenless?" " Because the bees now in the hive will dwindle to where they will be of little value before any young bees will emerge from the eggs from a queen they may raise from the one frame of brood given to test the matter; for it will take them 12 to 14 days before the j'OUDg queen wculd emerge, 10 days to the time of her laying, and 21 days before her bees would emerge. In other words, it would be frcm 42 to 45 days from the time the brood was given, or about 70 days after the old queen left the hive with the first swarm before any young bees would come from a queen raised from the brood given, and by that time the colony would be very nearlj' in the condition you and others find them when you pay no attention to these things." "Yes, I see now. You are making this very plain. But be patient just a little longer with me. Suppose after-swarming is not allowed — what then? " "Then we have 7 days to the time the first young queen emerges from her cell, 7 days to the time she flies to meet the drone, and 3 days to the time she begins to lay, this making 17 da} s as the shortest time any young queen is likely to be found lay- ing from the time any prime swarm issues. Then I wculd wait three or four days more till eggs and larvse might become abundant in the combs, so I could expect to ascertain what I wish on lifting only one or two combs. My practice is to look for eggs and larvae on the 23d day from time of swarm- ing, when no after-swarms are allowed, or on the 27th day when such swarming is al- lowed." " Do you always look thus? " " Not of late years, as years of looking at the way bees act at the entrance and in the sections has enabled me to tell at a glance, along about the dates named, whether the colonies have a laying queen or not. But you will need the knowledge which looking gives at first, to guide you." " Please explain a little more fully." " When by looking you find a colony that does not have a laying queen the 25th day after the first swarm issued, close the hive without giving any brood; just watch the bees in their actions at the entrance for a day or two, and compare their actions with one you know has a queen that has been laying about three days. Then look at the work or non-work going on in the sections of the two hives; and if you are a careful observer you will ever afterward be pretty sure regarding this matter without opening a hive, and can, to your satisfaction, diag- nose what is going on with any colony from outside appearances." Bee-keepers who produce clover and basswood should not forget that, the earlier they can get their crop on the market, the better prices they will probably secure. GLYCERINE NOT A PREVENTIVE OF CANDY- ING. Our readers will remember that we have been conducting some experiments, putting in 1, 2, and 5 per cent proportions of gly- cerine in order to prevent candying. The one per cent failed to accomplish its object; but during the first two months the 2 and 5 per cent seemed to keep the honey clear. Within the last few days I find that all the glycerine samples have candied, proving that glycerine does not begin to compare with the plan of heating honey and sealing while hot. If our experiments prove any thing I think we may conclude that glycer- ine for the prevention of candying is not to be relied upon. THE HONEY CROP IN THE CLOVER AND BASS- WOOD BELT FOR 1904. At present it is impossible to offer any sort of prediction. The season is late, and the weather has been cool — too cool for the proper flow of nectar. Reports received up to this time have been somewhat discourag- ing so far as the amount of nectar secreted is concerned, but encouraging as to the amount of white clover in bloom, and more encouraging still that there will probably be a yield as soon as the weather warms up. We have had two or three days of warm weather, and our own bees are be- ginning to go to the fields. During the past few days they have been working from hand to mouth. The ground is moist in most localities near the lakes, and the fre- quent rains have made a good lot of vigor- ous plants of clover. We request our subscribers everywhere, outside of and in the clover belt, to send in postal- card reports of two or three sen- tences— don't make them longer — relative to the condition of the honey-flow, and the prospects of a crop of clover or basswood. Don't — don't — send long letters about the season, as we can't wade through them. Those received will be set aside for the postals. We will summarize the reports, and give our readers the benefit. It is very important 1o know what the crop will be, in order to determine something about prices; for clover and basswood are the most important factors in determining the price of comb honey in the great centers. Therefore, dear readers, it means dollars 640 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. JULV 1 to you to help us in determining what the crop will be. Whatever the 3 ield may be, heavy winter losses will have a strong ten- dency to cut down the total output, and probably will result in stiffening- prices of new honey, even in the event of a good yield. a larger aggregate tonnage per season. If, however, all deserts of our great West should be made to blossom, and to bless man and beast with the immense acreages of alfalfa as some of the deserts have, we shall give cur West India neighbors a long and hard race. AN ASSOCIATION BRAND OF PURITV. Some years ago Jamaica honey was put on the European markets, where it brought a very low price. Later on, the progress- ive bee-keepers of that island formed an as- sociation and put their brand on all the honey put out by them, and, presto I the price nearly doubled. In our issue for June 1, p. 536, I suggest- ed the feasibility of the National Bee-keep- ers' Association attaching its own brand of purity to the honey put out by its members. I am firmly convinced that something of this kind ought I0 be done, then there will be an additional incentive for bee-keepers to join the Association. I am not so sure but the National ought to have in two or three of our great centers of trade some one appointed to receive consignments of honey from its members, and dispose of it at a nominal commission, say 5 per cent, the commission to go to the Association to de- fray the expense of a salaried official to re- ceive the honey. This same official might affix the National brand of purity to the honey. The general public would assume that all honey bearing the brand of a na- tional body of honey-producers would nec- essarily be pure and genuine bee honey. THE GREATEST HONEY-PLANT OR TREE IN THE world; bee-keeping IN THE WEST INDIES. A FEW years ago we used to say that basswood, for a given acreage, would yield more honey than an3' other tree or plant known; but from the best evidence in hand it is apparent that the logwood of Jamaica, British Honduras, and Hayti, will excel it. It is the most remarkable and perhaps heaviest nectar-bearing source known in the world. It comes on early in the holi- days, yielding honey heavily clear on through January. The bee-keepers of Ja- maica think nothing of securing averages anywhere from 100 to 200 lbs. per colony from it. In point of color the honey is equal to any thing produced in the world. The flavor is mild, and if our tastes were educated to it we should pronounce it the equal of any thing produced in this country. It does not as yet compete with the American prod- uct, owing to the duty. The great bulk of it is shipped to England and other portions of Europe. Bee-keeping in the West Indies, in a modern way, has only just begun. While the United States ranks first in the amount of honey produced, and the number of bee- keepers, it would not be at all surprising to me to learn that Cuba and the rest of the West Indies will be able in time to show up THE FOLLY OF SENDING COMB HONEY TO MARKET UNSCRAPED AND UNGRADED; A GOOD-NATURED SCOLD. What I am about to say now is not in- tendtd for beekeepers who scrape and grade their comb honey, and put it up in clean new shipping- cases before sending to market. All such, to save time, may skip this, as " the shoe won't fit;" but the other class — those who are too indifferent or ig- norant, or are too something, of the princi- ples of making sales — should read this care- fully; and when I am addressing this c ass I am well aware that I am speaking to the great majority of comb-honey producers; for it is indeed a fact that the great bulk of the comb honey that goes to market is not scraped, or if scraped it is improperly graded, if graded at all; or it may be scraped, but injured in appearance by be- ing put in badly soiled shipping-cases, or, worse still, home-made cases. I have been through a number of commission houses, and have looked over the lots of honey that have been received. I have seen every ship- ment that has come to Medina; and to see the ordinary honey that is shipped *o mar- ket, which otherwise might have been No. 1 and " Fancy," all mixed up in the cases — cases soiled, sections unscraped — well, it is enough to make one's heart ache. Then the producer of such honej', when he gets his returns, complains because they are be- low the market as quoted in the journals; and he thinks his commission man is dis- honest, when the fact is the w hole trouble is with himself. If he had taken a day or two to scrape and properly grade the hon- ey, he could have earned anywhere from S25 to SlOO a day in the larger returns se- cured for that same honey. A little No. 2 or off-grade honey put in with No. 1 and "Fancy" puts the whole easeful down to the price of No. 2. We have received sev- eral lots of such honey, and, rather than make poor returns, we have gone to the ex- pense of regrading and scraping, selling the " Fancy " at one price, the best the mar- ket affords, the No. 1 in another, and the No. 2 in still another. Of course, we charged the producer for the time expend- ed; but in doing so we have earned him good money. Where we buy this mixed honey outright, of course we pay a low fig- ure for it, then grade and scrape and some- times recase, with the result that we make a good margin on our investment. But should the buyer profit by the negligence, carelessness, and indifference of the pro- ducer? It takes experience and skill to get comb honey, and a good bit of it sometimes, I think. It takes but just a little more of that same skill to put that honey, when 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 641 otce secured, in good marketable shape where it will bring the best the market af fords. But this is not all of it. Besides se- curing- the best prices, the producer will usually get prompt returns. No. 1 and " Fancy" sell, as a rule, with little or no delay, where mixed and ungraded goods are a drug on the market; and the poor bee- keeper waits months, sometimes, before he gets jeturns; then when he does get them his honey has to be sold at a sacrifice, be- cause at the time of the sale it is leaking, possibly candied, and the actual net return is only a half or a fourth what it would have brought if the honey had been scraped and graded. Sometimes we get some beautiful fancy honey put up in second-hand cases, or cases that are soiled and dirty, making the whole lot look poor. If they were new cases, but simply soiled, a small piece of sandpaper on a block of wood will make them look al- most new in two minutes' lime; but if the cases are second-hand, and roughly sawn — -well, there is nothing to do but to recase. Commission men sa}% and our own experi- ence goes to corroborate it, that a good case well made, carefully nailed, and clean, will make the honey bring enough'more to pay for three or four good cases, where, if it is a poor one, it knocks the price down on the whole consignment, no matter how well it may be scraped and graded. In saying this, I may be accused of "grinding our own ax," because, forsooth, we make and sell shipping-cases, but that is not the mo- tive. But it does hurt our business when bee-keepers fail to get good prices, and hon- G.y is a drug on the market. But this is not all. No matter how much honey may be properly graded and scraped, if it is left on the hive till it is travel-stain- ed it is liable to be lumped ofT as No. 2. Of course, we bee-keepers know that honey that has been on the hive for some time aft- er it has been gathered acquires a richness that it will not have if taken off at once. But that is not the point. The public de- mands, and will pay a better price for clean white goods than it will for soiled and dirty honey that possibly may have a bet- ter flavor; for of this fact the public knows nothing, and it therefore has no weight. People are in the habit of buying by sight; and if the goods do not look as good as the best they do not want them. I tell you, brother bee-keepers, and I say it with all kindness, if you but knew how much good money you are losing sometimes, under the delusion that it does not pay to scrape or grade, you would reform your ways very soon. Pick out an honest com- mission house or honey-buyer, then follow his suggestions. Do not imagine that you know more about it than he does as to what the public wants and will pay for. And, again, do not send your No. 2 and off grades to market — better by far sell around home, where you can explain that your travel-stained honej' is just as good as or even better than the "Fancy white" which you ship to the city. If the sections are poorly tilled out and unscraped you will probably get a better price by cutting the combs out entirely and mixing with them a good grade of extracted honey, and selling to your neighbors as bulk comb hon- ey. But do not attempt to ship this to the Northern cities, at least, where it will be sold as a glucosed concoction. Now, dear friends, if you will lake these suggestions in the spirit in which they are written, you and the honey-man in the city will both profit; and you will at the same time stimulate the comb-honey market. There is no trouble at all in selling No. 1 and "Fancy" comb honey — bear that in mind. HOFFMAN FRAMES — THEIR MERITS AND DE- MERITS. There has recently been some discussion in the Bee-keepers" Review and in these columns regarding the merits of the Hoff- man frame. Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson and Mr. J. A. Green are foul-brood inspectors for their respective localities, and, of course, have had opportunity to examine hundreds of hives, handling a great variety of frames as a matter of course. Both men take the view that the Hoft'man is not a convenient frame to handle, and there are some others of the same opinion. Mr. Green, while not condemning the frame, believes it has inhe- rent defects which might be remedied, but he does not show exactly how. The chief objection that seems to have been raised against it by himself and others is that the division-board that is sent out with it in the hive with which it goes can not be removed readily; and because of this fact the diffi- culties attendant on the handling of such frames is very greatly increased. Mr. Green says, "If the division-board or fol- lower were more substantial, and a little more space were allowed back of it, a care- ful operator could get along with it very well." But he does not indicate what con- struction of follower would be better; nor does he explain how it would be possible to provide for more space in the standard hive, of which, perhaps, a million or more are in use. The manufacturer is glad — yes, eager^to adopt whatever improvement will surely be an improvement, providing it is practicable to carry it out. But he can not introduce a change which throws all other supplies out of harmony with it. It would lie impossible to make standard hives a little wider without calling down upon our heads the righteous indignation of all our old customers whose old hives and covers wouldn't match the new. From a careful reading of Mr. Green's article in the Review it is evident that the follower which is pronounced flimsy is not the one the Root Co. has been making for the past four or five years; but I notice that some of our competitors are still making the same old follower. The one we now make is much more substatially made, and 642 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 can be removed with a hook or even with the bare fingers. See what Harry Lathrop says on p. 658, this issue; also J. E. Cham- bers, on page 660. But I am quite free to confess that any construction of follower which I have seen suggested will be diffi- cult to remove where propolis is very bad. That same objection will apply to any closed-end frames where the space in the hive is limited. But perhaps friend Green condemns (and rightly, too) a hive using a follower in the regular standard ten-frame Dovetailed hive. This does not and never did allow of such a thing. But because customers complained that we supplied it with the eight-frame hive we put them in packages of ten-frame — not with the expectation that they would be put in the whole ten frames in the hive at once and the follower too. It can be done after a fashion, and we have found that many of our customers have done so, when we have distinctly stated it could not be with any degree of satisfactior . If I were a foul- brood inspector, and had to open up one such hive I am afraid I should feel more like " cussirg" the manufacturer than calmly sitting down and a'z.scussing the matter in a friendly way with that same person. If Mr. Green or Mr. Hutch- inson has been working this kind of combi- nation or has been running up against the old-style follower, I don't wonder they both write as they do. The columns of this journal are open for the discussion of the Hoffman frame. While we know positively that in some warm cli- mates, where we have tried to introduce some other frame than the Hoffman, the great majority of our customers in those climates will have nothing else. For ex- ample, in Cuba we urged our agents and dealers not to favor the Hoffman frame, be- lieving that, on account of propolis, it would not be satisfactory, and that it would be better to recommend the thick- top metal- spaced frame which we sold. But our cus- tomers would not have it so, and demanded the Hoffman, and the Hoffman they are buying by the thousands. I admit that, in some localities, this frame can not be used, owing to an excess of pro- polis; and right in this connection I know from personal observation that Dr. Miller's location is one of them. It would not be at all strange if parts of Michigan and Colo- rado would furnish the same amount of propolis, rendering the frame a nuisance. It is well to bear in mind that not all manufacturers make the Hoffman frame alike. As made by some of them it would exhaust the patience of an angel, to say nothing of the outraged feelings of a com- mon every-day mortal who thinks (if he does not say them) words that do not find the printed page. It is well to remember that there are Hoffman frames and Hoffman frames, and there are followers and follow- ers. I wish to say in this connection thit I thoroughly appreciate the kindly spirit manifested in the criticisms; and some of my friends have hesitated to say any thing about it in print for fear it would "hurt my feelings," because, in fact, I suppose I introduced them to the bee-keeping public. For the benefit of our younger or more re- cent readers, I will state that, in 1890, I made a bicycle- tour through New York, and there saw that closed-end and half- closed- end frames were being used very ex- tensively. I came away convinced that the self spacing feature as used by Mr. Julius Hoffman was a great labor-saving device, and I still think so. But there are differ- ences of opinion as to which of the self- spacing frames is the best. All things considered, I came to the conclusion that the Hoffman combined most of the advan- tages, and that it would be best adapted to most localities. The fact that millions of them are made now would seem to bear out the correctness of that opinion, although I admit it is not conclusive proof of it. But as for "hurting my feelings" — dear, oh dear, no! I invite friendly criticism, and our columns are open for a general discus- sion of the whole matter. Neither the Root Co. nor any other manufacturer could afford to take the position of keeping back the truth or trying to force the bee-keeping world to buy something it ought not to have if it does not know. From a business point of view it would be suicidal. We shall be obliged to friend Green, and will pay him for it, if he will suggest the construction of a follower that will not at the same time run into some other difficul- ty. It is not a question of making the hives wider, as we can not change a standard dimension at this late date unless an entire siveeping change is inaugurated. As I have said before, we provide very deep hives; standard Langstroth depth ; Danzenbaker with frames a little shallower, and still other hives with frames shallower still. We have metal- spaced frames, half closed ends, closed-end, and old-style thin-top un- spaced Langstroth, and unspaced frames with thick top-bars. Now, in inviting discussion we are not seeking the opinion of the kickers only, but we desire to get expressions from both sides — yes, from those who have used the Hoff- man frames extensively as thej' are and as we have made them, and from those who have used them and do not like them. W^hat we desire to get at is the general consensus of opinion, and not the opinion of one side or the other who may possibly have extreme views, but represent only the small minori- ty ; and in saying this I do not mean to class Brothers Hutchinson and Green as the extreme kickers of the wee little minori- ty. I think they know me well enough to accord to me a better opinion of them than that. I have thus far published every thing about the Hoffman frame, for and against, except in one or two instances, which were personal matters and nothing CDncerning the merits of the frame itself. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 643 " Here he goes, boys I Gracious! what a track I he's a big one." "All right; uow go slow and careful, and let's not lose it again." There were three of us, and we had started out on a thawy day in February of the winter just past, in quest of coons. About noon we struck a track which we followed with difficulty, owing to the fact that a crust had formed the night before, which enabled the animal to travel for sev- eral rods without breaking through; and it was only when we found ihe thin places that we could do any tracking. It was after a longer search than usual, and the final finding of the lost track, that Djc called out, " Here he goes, boys I " All was now plain sailing for a time, and we followed the trail over logs and through brush to a tall oak where the tracks seemed to end ; but the marks upon the tree- trunk and the scattered pieces of bark upon the snow showed plainly that the coon had gone up. "Say, boys," said Fred, "we'll have that coon inside of twenty minutes." "He's our meat," said Doc. "Yes, that's all right. Doc," said I; " but Where's the hole he went into? " " Oh I it's probably up somewhere in that crotch where these two big limbs branch out; but let's not fool away any time — daj's are short, and that oak's no fijhpole." A half-hour's work with ax and cross- cut SHW brought the tree to the ground. A rush f jr the top, and a hasty but unsuccessful search for the coon followed. " What's become of that coon, an} how?" said Doc. "Oh I he's probably in that hole in the crotch," answered Fred. Here Doc indulged in some choice talk that couldn't be put into a religious book with- out injuring the sale of it, and then pro- ceeded to examine the tree. Njt a hole could be found large enough for a bumble- bee to crawl into. Pretty soon Fred called out, " Here are his tracks I He's come down that big hem- lock, and fanned out." Away we went again until we reached a pine stub broken off about twenty feet from the ground. The coon had climbed this and come down. A few rods more brought us to a large chestnut where the act had been repeated. " Say, boys, that coon must be training f r a cake walk; he's getting lots of exer- cise out of it, anyhow. I'd like to know what he is doing all this climbing for." " Guess he's lost something, and trying to get on track of it," said Fred. " Now," said I, "that's pretty close to the truth. I can tell you what that chap's up to. He's trying to get on track of some honey." " Honey?" "Yes, honey. That coon is a bee- hunter, and that's what he is climbing the trees for." " Do coons like honey? " Fred asked. "Like it? Well, I should remark. Why, don't you know the coon is little brother to the bear? and both are passionately fond of honey." " Well, this is interesting; but, cornel I'm anxious to wear this little brother's scalp in my belt," and Fred led off on the trail which now took us out on the smooth ice of the bayou, where we lost the track entirely. "Well," said Doc, "I guess we might as well fold our tents like the Arabs, and silently steal away. We can't track any thing on this ice." "Don't give up yet. Doc," said Fred. "I'll bet abrownstone front he's making for Wintergreen Island." Fred now took the lead. I came next, and Doc last. A sort of sliding or skating motion was made necessary by the extreme- ly slippery condition of the ice, and we had not proceeded fir when an expressive ''l-'gh "' in the rear caused us to look back, and there was Doc silting on the ice in the shape of a letter V, hands and feet in the air. " Tired, Doc?" asked Fred. " That's what Mark Twain wculd call attitudinizing," said 1. 644 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 What Doc said was drowned by the ex- plosion of laughter at his appearance, which, I think, was just as well from t e nature of a few selections which reached my ears. Doc picked himself up and said, " Well, laugh, you blamed idiots; I have my opinion of anj' one who will laugh at the misfortunes of others." " OhI come, Doc," said Fred; "you'd laugh if you could have seen yourself as we saw you," and Fred struck out for the is- land; but he had made scarcely twenty paces when he dropped the saw he was carrying, and began wildly clawing the air in the endeavor to save himself from falling. "Whoop! grand right and left," sung out Doc, as Fred finished the performance by bringing up with his arms around a water- beech. Fred looked around. I was laugh- ing, of course, but Doc was just simply paralyzed. He was doubled up like an old jick- knife, and not a sound escaped him; but we cculd see his sides nip and buckle, and finally he got out two or three grunts followed by "Oh! oh! oh! whoop!" and then a prolonged "haw, haw, haw," which seemed to relieve him so he could straighten up. The tears were running down his cheeks, and his face looked like a brick smokehouse overgrown with red Rambler roses. " I say, Doc, you feel better, don't you? I have my opinion of any one who will laugh" — but Doc's "haw, haw, haw" cut .short any effort of Fred's to get back at him, so he picked up the saw, and, with a marked degree of care, pushed forward toward the island. Some twenty- five or thirty feet from the shore of the island giew a large elm. Pieces of bark scattered about showed that the coon had gone up. I was admiring the clear ice, and saw several inches below the surface pieces of both drone and worker comb. I called attention to this, and we all became enthused. " We'll get a bee- tree, anyhow," said I. " Yes, and may be two or three coons," said Doc. " Wei', yes; you may; but I wouldn't be surprised if we didn't find a coon." " All right," said Fred; " we'll take the coons, and 3 ou can have the bees and hon- ey;" and I saw him wink slyly at Doc. " All right, boys; I'll stand by that." The tree proved to be a thin shell, and a few minutes of work brought it crashing down full length upon the ice. We were quickly at the top. Here we found a hole eighteen inches long and a foot wide, going entirely through the body of the tree. I could hear the hum of bees, and found that they were above the opening Further in- spection showed that comb had been taken out Irom the trunk above this opening a dis tance of eighteen or twenty inches, proba- bly as far as the coon could reach. We now cut off the body where we thought the bees were, and again about three feet higher. This gave us a section about three feet in length. The bees were found in a fair sized cluster, and so compact that the cluster was not even broken by the fall. We now searched for the coon, but none could be found. In fact, there was no lodging- place for this roving bee-hunter, as the tree was hollow throughout. Fred and Doc were disappointed, but I did not care much, being more interested in the bees. Hei e was a hive at least forty feet from the ground, robbed of a large por- tion of its stores, and exposed to fierce winds in the coldest winter known in this re- gion for years, when the mercury ranged for several weeks in succession from 4 to 25 de- grees below zero, and on one occasion 40 de- grees below, with no bottom protection of any kind. I took the section with bees and honey, and placed them in the cellar; but tl ey died before spring, evidently from lack of stores. THIN VS. THICK TOP-BARS. Advantages in Favor of the Former. BY S. T. PETTIT. Mr. Root: — While considering the supe- riority of thin top- bars, compared with thick ones, first let us notice the gain by using a y% instead of % top bar. For this purpose let us take the ten-frame Langstroth from which to make our calculations, presuming it to be an average- si zed hive now in gen- eral use in the United States and Canada. The gain in comb depth in each frame is ]i inch; in ten frames the gain is 2 '2 inches X 17=42 "2 square inches of comb by 50 (the lowest estimate of cells to the square inch) makes 2125 cells gained in the brood cham- ber alone. The difference between ^s and % is "2 inch, would give a gain of 4250 cells to the biood-chamber. Many use the same top-bars in both brood- chamber and extracting supers, and in such cases the gain is indeed a consideration of no small importance; nor is it in the brood- chamber alone. It must be borne in mind that we are not discussing the size nor the depth of hives. These are quite different considerations al- together; but whatever the dimensions of the hive may be, we certainly should econ- omize every possible internal available inch that can be used to advantage. Hives cost too much to v^ aste an3'^ inside space. I am too economical of money and personal com- fort to buy, handle, and haul about most of my lifetime worse than useless wood. It has been held by some that a depth of % is necessary to prevent the bees from using black wax from the brood-chamber to cap sections. Once I was led to fear danger from that source; but I doubt there being any danger if they are properly handled. I took comb honey, with and without excluders, for a period of about 16 years over ^s top- bars, and I question if any one could detect any 1904 GLEANINGS TN BEE CULTl'RE 645 difference in whiteness or in an3' other way, whether taken ever \s or "s t

wff f /' ' £b/ i/^'l^lN:^^ S . '^ V* TBBBS^''' ^^SI'C^^^bI^I' ^' '/f- ^ ^^H^K^'- \ffl&jy^K ^^n^^^' " Jrv^^t"^" . i'^^^i^l^^H ^^^^^ ■•XMlilX^P^Wr^^^^-L '"'^M^^ - - -^B|H^| ^^^^ ' rl^'B^'l -^ «li^^l f\..^^^^^B| Ie^ ^^:< m1^9kv£^Wyr VI^HUHHI IHh l^^fi^-v ' ^HHn^fli^^Ki^^r^ ^^K^tUr r' iIoH^^^^^^^^H^Sh ^^^^^HmB Bti^^^^' * "'' '^^i^^K^&^S^^^'n^tB^Sm ^^^^ Rw' ■^K^fB^B^^^m fy>W^BH| ihb |2^B^^g»^j^^^ '^^^w^SK^- • -|tV f |\i^9^H HHlH ^^^Hn V K VmSBBf^ ' " ' ''sf' ^ M 1 'aMEHMaBBIVIfl WHp^^ , V^^^^l ^^^^^^^1 ^^^^^^^^HH / '' »-ir.iMI.'>--- .1 \ § 1 -"^HByrdB Hnl^l ^^^^^H j^'^JMiSk jwBi-ft^ ''Jb "^m git' "'*^HiMfff'''TP ■8^^PL-''^^^W^f4^^ ^jSMBBB H^^^^^^^H __/^ iW^^^"" '_*^ ^p^ ^^K w^^St ':'*'- * r ft ' . b^ _m. "^ . J ' . y ^ t **^- ^ . ;V■:^^. '%;, *"■'*, ' >- ,^- -■'' '' *■ » ^;'^- ^■^'-^^r, : ;-.-:- ■;- < ' :'■'• N ' • '.*• ,r ..■ ■'- --^^^ - - .sJk-'i.; ^ ■ .. >* ■" -' r. ' ^S^Z"" ' ■-- . ^ ', >'^;; APIARY OF ALBERT LANE, VORDEN, CALIFORNIA. 648 GLEANINGS IN BLE CULTURE. July 1 da. The good foul-brood law which Neva- da has was due to his influence, for in every way he is a practical business man. His locality is pretty well overstocked, so he has his bees in yards of about 100 each. His principal honey source seems to be alfalfa. This is the whitest and best hon- ey in body we ever saw. He finds a ready market east for what he produces. [The picture sugg'ests a number of inter- rogation-points. Why these big stones, one on each hive? To answer my own ques- tion, I infer that there are some heavy winds occasionally in that part of the coun- try, rendering their use necessary. But our friend Mr. Aitkin uses quilts or cloths on top of the frames. While these are pro- polized down, the covers are not, thus mak- ing it a matter of necessity to put a heavy weight on top to hold the CDvers in place. But why lift these heavy stones? Why not dispense with the quilts and the cloths, and let the bees seal the covers down? Every stone can then be dispensed with, and the frames will be cleaner on top. The trees on one side, the sheds and buildings at the end, and the fence on the right, are possibly windbreaks; but the fence is hardly high enough to accomplish much; and the presumption is, it is used to keep off stock. I notice that the hives are in regular rows. D^es this not C"infu^e the bef s more or Ies5? In my own experience. wh°re each hive is like its neighbor, and thej' are ar- ranged in regular rows, robbing will be much worse, for the reason that the bees are not always able to determine who are their friends and who are foes. Young field- bees will go into the wrong hive, and are often killed. The result of this is, there is a reduction in the working force. My way would be to put the hives in groups of 1, 2, 3, and 5, each group different from the one next to it. Then I prefer, where it is possible, to have some distinguishing ob- ject near each group, such as a shade-tree or a bush. I believe that in Cuba where the hives are all alike it has been found that regular rows are not to be recommend- ed, on account of the loss of bees, and rob- bing.— Ed.] HAS THE STRAW HIVE A FUTURE IN AMERICA? How the Straw Hive is Almost Universal in Ger- many. BY F. GRKINER. It is funny, isn't it? The symbolic bee- hive as used everywhere, even on our hon- ey-labels and bottles, is a hive made of straw. The bee-keepers of our time have never seen a straw hive, and might not rec- ognize the conical thing as such should they chance to see one; and yet straw is one of the very best materials a bee-hive can be made of. Onr h°e-Vppppr<5 h^re who are AN OUT-APIARY OF J. F. AITKIN, NE4R RF.NO. NEVADV. 1904 CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 64fr not familiar with bee-keepinj? in the old countries have probably no idea that hives of straw are even now almost solely used in certain parts of Germany. Gravenhorst's A CONICAL STKAW HIVE. "Bogen stuelper" is one of the oldest frame straw hives; but it must be tu'ncd bottom up to take the frames out. The majority of straw hives in u e were not frame hives. The writer well remembers the differently shaped straw hives in his grandfather's bee-house. It seems the honey from them, too, had a peculiarly fine flavor not to be compared with our finest section honey. Of late, straw hives of square shape have been introduced in Germany, which admit of being manipulated exactly as a Dovetail- ed hive is. The walls are pressed straw, sewn through and through with split cane, and are two inches thick. A wooden frame is secured to the straw at top and bottom, the upper one having a rabbet cut out to re- ceive the frames. As this hive is described in Garfenrat, a horticultural journal print- ed in Charlottenburg, German}, it consists of two sections, or rings, each one holding 16 short shallow frames (7 inches deep). The hive is closed with a straw cover two inches thick. Such a hive, as the reader will see, is very simple, and ought to be cheap. It is a light hive, and could be adapted to the L. frame. It certainly would be a good hive to winter in, and I see no reason why we could not use it here with good results. They would need to be housed, however, which is a drawback. This might be overcome by using a large KANITZ HIVE. shade or weather-board instead. When the American bee-keepers see the need of using other material than pine lumber for hives, perhaps they will turn their attention to straw, and they will contrive ways to man- ufacture straw hives in a wholesale way. I hope the time will not be far distant. Of A HORIZONTAL STRAW HIVE. 650 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 5 course, any kind of super may be used on these straw hives. The Gartenrat says en this point, a third section may be made of any odd pieces cf lumber by the bee- keeper himself, and fitted out with frames or bcxes, which may be used as the sur- plus-honey chamber. The German bee-keepers, as a whole, the followers of Dzierzon in particular, have always been opposed to the American meth- od of opening- hives from the top. The lat- ter are still holding to this view, and can not condemn the American style of hives in too strong terms. The introduction of such hives as described, and the Gerstung hive, and the enthusiasm with which they are re- ceiv. d, shows plainly which way the wind blows. Naples, N. Y., April 4. VARIOUS MATTERS. No Danger from Putting Honey in Syrup. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. I have desired to write about many things which have appeared in Gleanings during the pist few months, but could not find the time; and what I write now must be in briefest form — only just touching, as it were, on a few things upon which it seems necessary for me to say a word or two. On page 219, March 1, Dr. Miller seems to think it necessary to caution the readers against my plan of using honey when mak- ing sugar syrup for feeding bees, especial- ly where the honey has to be bought, for fear that the same might not be free from foul brood. He must have forgotten the formula or else failed to realize that honey brought to the boiling-point is free of all li- ability to disease. The formula is this: 15 pounds of water put in a suitable-sized ves- sel, and brought to a " boil." When boil- ing, slowly sift in 30 pounds of granulated sugar, stirring well as the sugar is sifted in. Now bring to a boil again, and skim, if necessary. When boiling, set from fire and stir in 5 pounds of honey. This makes 50 pounds of syrup, equal to if not better than honey, to use in any spot or place for feeding bees for winter stores. Now, Dr. M., if you or any one else can start any foul brood from this preparation you will be able to bring about an impossi- bility,■aiCCor ding to my experience in the ear- ly seventies, when I cur d my whole apiary of foul brood, and fed back the whole of the foul-broody honey to the bees, without any treatment of the "honey more than to bring this bad honey to the boiling-point, or ''scalding the honey," as it was then term- ed. 1 know nothing (experimentally) about foul brood since that time; but unless the foul brood of 1900 is different from that which swept the center cf this State nearly clean of bees during the sixties and seven- ties, neither jou nor any one else need have any fears about using honey in making su- gar syrup by the above formula. I should not notice this, only as I am confident, aft- er using it for more than a score of years, and after testing all other ways of making syrup for feeding bees, that the same is superior to any thing else along that line. INDOOR vs. OUTDOOR WINTERING. On pages 275 and 324, March 15 and April 1, I see that E. R. Root and Dr. Mil- ler do not just agree as to my present standing on wintering bees, the editor seeming to think that I still try to winter half of my bees on their summer stands and half in the cellar. I supposed that I had made it plain that, afer the loss cf the ear- ly eighties, when, out of 90 colonies win- tered outdoors, I found I had only 13 hives that were alive, and not enough of these live bees in the 13 hives to make three ce- cent colonies, that I then and there changed to cellar wintering entirel}', only for the few that I intist have winter out as " play- things " to satisfy my desire of inspecting them when I dtsire, and hearing their mer- ry " hum " whenever a warm day occurs in winter. That same year I had 55 in the cellar, and came out with f4 rousing colo- nies, so that I was able to stock up m}' bee- less combs in fine shape before the month of June was half out. The past winter I had 7 out on their summer stands, and 3 o1 the 7 pulled through, but not having a flight from October 30 to April 5 so wore on their vitality that all the bees in the three living colonies would not make enough to equal those in one colony from the cellar on May 15. So Dr. Miller is right in think- ing that, when I settle to a certainty which is better, I always change to the better. BROOD OVER SECTIONS. Oo page 323, April 1, I see that both the editor and Dr. Miller agree that, in putting brood over sections, "The bees will seal the sections more or less dark with bits of black comb brought down from above." They will do just that where open tops are used; but with sections having closed tops, or where wide frames are used, the same fitting close at the top, no such thing can or will result. Nearly half of my surplus arrangements have wide frames with close- fitting top bars, each wide frame holding 4 sections. Each super is the exact size of the hive, except in height, which is the same as the sections are deep. Eleven of these wide frames go in a super, together with a thin board and two wedges, which are yi thick. Now, in brief, how they are used in connection with non-swarming: As soon as the colonies become strong enough to begin to think about swarming, or want more room in which to store honey, put a queen excluder over the hive the colo- ny is in, and on top of this set a hive of empty combs of the worker size of cells. Leave thus till your honey- flow is about to commence, or you think that the two hives will not keep the bees from swarming long- er, when you will set off the top hive, take off the excluder, and set the lower hive off the bottf m board, putting the hive that was 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 651 OQ top Oil the same. Now select a frame from what was the lower hive haviag' the least brood in it, just enough to keep the queen contented, and put it in place of the center comb ia the hive, now on the stand, and then put on the queen excluder. On the excluder put a super of sections all wedded ready for work, when the bees and s in., and nailed cleats or strips of wood, \% X i\ thick, y% in. wide, 5 strips on each side. These strips held the rows, of outside sections y\ inch away from the inside of the super, and left, inside of the cleats, 12 in. clear for the sections. This arrangement gives me well- filled outside sections, and these sections, 4'4 X4'4 X7-to- ft. , will come nearer averaging a pound in well-filled supers than any others I know of. Notice these shipments: 12 cases, 336 sec- tions, 327 lbs. net; 18 cases, 504 sections, 500 lbs. net ; 16 cases, 448 sections, 445 lbs. net; 4 cases, 112 sections, 113 lbs. net. This is the kind I send out, and I have to be careful that the cases do not average too much, with the last year's crop. Again, I have no thumbscrews nor screws of any kind — no wedges nor followers. One of the side boards is nailed securely to the ends; the other side is nailed with two 6 penny nails at each end. When I fill the super I just take a ham- mer or strong knife, and loosen this side a 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 653 little, fill in the sections, and close it up ag^ain. After the super has been opened i time or two it works readily, and the K^rip of the nails is sufficient. The sections rest on T tins, movable, and tin strips alonpf the ends of the super. T tins rest on tin or g^alvanized-iron snips that are large enough to project out past the cleats nailed to the sides. I first take off two shavings with a rabbet- plane, on the bottom, so that the tin strips and snips will "drop in" and not be more than flush with the bottom of the super. I use wood zinc honey boards and a '4 -inch bee-space above the sections. These supers should be made accurately. All the boards cut 4,''g in. wide; ends 12 's long; sides 19 in., and sawed in a miter box or saw table. Make a sizing-board 17 '4 in. long'. This will give you inside length f jr super. Nail one side to end flush, and put in the sizing-board. Bring the other end piece up to it and nail. Do the same with the other side, and all the cases will be the same, in- side measure, whether the lumber used be thick or thin. All supers should be mea- sured inside to be accurate. These supers will tier up nicely. I will say here that wood strips to fill the top seam between the rows of sections make cleaner sections, after they are filled with honey, than if T tins are used for the same purpose. This is a short sketch of the super I use. It can be manipulated very easily; has a minimum of propolis; holds the sections firml3'. I will say further that I have a closed- end frame hive just 17 '4. inches long, inside measure, frames 7 inches deep, to go under these supers, that has no following board nor wedges to get glued up. If you would care to know how I make this hive I can give j'ou the description in another letter. I have been using it for sev- eral years, and will make one hundred more this spring. Lone Tree, Iowa, April 9. [The idea of providing a space between the outside of the outside row of sections and the super side is one that S. P. Pettit, of Aylmer West, Ontario, has advocated for some years back; but instead of having an open space he provides what he calls a divider, bee-spaced on each side, and per- forated with holes. This permits of a clus- tering-space between the outside of the out- side row and the side of the super. The reason why the outside surfaces of the sec tions in the old style supers are not as well filled out is because there is not room enough — too few bees to keep up the neces sary warmth for comb- building. By using wider supers (or narrower sections) and giving clustering room, these outside sur- faces will be as warm as the spaces in the center rows of sections. Mr. Sherburne's experience is quite in line with that of many others who have fol- lowed Mr. Pettit. The reports were so uniformly favorable that the Root Co , some two or three years ago, adopted this plan in all their plain-section sup-'rs by putting in an extra fence which in fff\ct is the same thing as the Pettit divider. But our correspondent uses no separators, much les5 fences. While it is possible to get along without them, and some success ful bee keepers do so, the great majority have sooner or later begun using separators or fences, for the simple reason that so much of the non-separatored honey will not crate for market. The average beginner and the average bee-keeper had better not attempt to get along without them, if the experience of the great majority is any cri- terion. Then I have talked with commis- sion men in New York, Chicago, Albany, and elsewhere, and they all condemn non- separatored honey. Now, having discouraged the no separa- tor idea, I do not wish to convey the im- pression that Mr. Sherburne can not get along without them; neither do I wish to imply that his honey is not cratable or not marketable.— Ed.] REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION MEETING. Held at the Root Apiary, Woodstown, N. J. BY ONE WHO WAS THERE. [The A. T. Root Co. at Philadelphia having bought an apiary of black bees which it intended to transfer and Italianize, invited the members of the recently organ- ized Philadelphia Bee-keepers' Association to go iq Woodstown, N. J.. June 11. where the bees were lo- cated, and help eat a Bible supper of milk and honey. The round-trip faie was $1.00, and quite a company of bee-keepers were present to do honor to the occasion. A report has been sent us, which we take pleasure in presenting to our readers. — Ed] The association took the 1:30 train at the Market St. ferry for the Woodstown apiary on Saturdaj', June 11, the ride being through a beautiful section of New Jersey, and a good hour's ride broug'ht us to Woodstown. This thriving village, situat- ed about 26 miles from Philadelphia, is composed of 2000 inhabitants, one of the oldest villages in the State, and situated in one of the most prosperous agricultural dis- tricts in South Jersey. Two carloads of milk are shipped from this station alone every morning in the year. It is certainly a location described in the Bible as a "land flowing with milk and honey." The Root Co. bought out Mr. J. D. Coles' apiary at this point in the spring, and at their invitation the Philadelphia bee-keep- ers met with the Philadelphia manager of the company on this occasion, and they were promised a good Bible supper of plenty of fresh milk, Jersey butter with rolls, and fresh honey cut right from the hives. As this apiary was all in ten- frame two and three storr tiered hives of the Lang- stroth patfern, all black bees, the Root Co. was transferring for several days these bees into lhf» rirrht V^me D->vetailed hives, and It Ui .1; z.n^^ at the s me time. This 654 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. JOLY 1 being in the midst of the honey flow, each hive containeJ bees enough to represent two good ordinary colonits; and it was a sight that the bee-keepers said was long to be remembered, and they had never seen any thing like it before. After meeting in the little building, and being called together by President Dr. Townsend and Secretary F. Hahman, Ihty immediately donned veils and went out in- to the apiary, where Mr. Selser and two assistants had been busy at work all the morning transferring the bees. The air was fairly black with the little dusky workers; and as each hive had contained (having been left to itself) nearly a thou- sand drones each, these buzzy fellows along with the workers were making it impossi- ble to hear an ordinary conversation ten feet away. After watching the process for half an hour, the bee-keepers gathered around, in a big circle, one of the hives which had been transferred early in the week, and Mr. Selser passed the frames out first to the president, who passed them on to the various members, creating quite a rivalry against the one who drew the lucky card on whose frame the queen was locat- ed. The queen was often found on the bot- tom-board or body, and these were also passed around to the members with the frames. Mr. Selser, during this time, smoked the top stories which were located over the honey- board. When the queen was found, a jell was sent up by the members. Mr. Reeves, one of our older members, ftund three different queens. The others were scattered around among the other different members, no member finding more than one, and some not an}'. These black queens were immediately killed, and the hive again set in order and a new queen intro- duced later at the regular time. With the bees transferred, so much of the honey had to be cut out in chunks that the bee-keep- ers were grieving over the loss this was to the trade generall}-, saying it might have been saved early in the season and the hon- ey put in proper shape to sell. Outside of a few stings to the operators over the hive, none of the members were stung, which was a remarkable fact, owing to their being all black bees and so greatly disturbed. There were some new members w ho at- tended this meeting, and every move that was made filled them with astonishment and wonder. The veterans who had kept bees for j-ears said it was one of the most delightful and interesting meetings they had ever attended. At five o'clock the members adjourned from the apiary to the honey-house and partook of the truly Bible supper; and the way the milk, rolls, and big chunks of hon- ey disappeared, showed that they hearti- I3' enjoyed it. Mis. Harold Horner, for- merly of Mt. Holly, who acted as hostess with Miss Margaret Selser, was kept con- stantly busy supplying the various calls for these delicious articles produced right at this place. The peculiar feature of this iupper was that nearly every thing provid- ed was raised within a mile of the place where it was eaten, including the rolls. The bee-keepers took the 6:0o train back to Philadelphia, and decided that this was the most novel and peculiarly interesting meeting they had attended for a long time, with many thanks to the Root Co. and Mr. SeUer and Mr. Horner for their genial hos- pitalit}'. SEED-GROWING FOR BEE-KEEPER?. A Friendly Slap at Editors Hutchinson and Root. BY W. K. MORKISON. Bees and seed-growing are one and in- separable; jet how little do we hear about the seed-growing I —I mean in the bee- jour- nals. But before beginning my sugges- tions let me digress a little to have a slap at two well known editors. One resides in Flint, Mich.; the other in Medina, Ohio. Both have told us the intioduclion of the in- tensive system of agriculture means hard times for the bee- keepers. Almost in the same breath these famous editors tell us that out in Colorado, Utah, iNevada, Idaho, Arizona, and New Mexico, where an inten- sive agriculture is followed, is just the place for bee-keepers. "O consistency! thou art a jewel." In Colorado a man cul- tivates from 10 to 20 acres (o get a fair liv- ing, while in Ohio or in Michigan anywhere from 100 to 200 are necessary to do as well. And yet both of these fearful editors tell us intensive agriculture is bad for bee-keep- ing. Whew! where are we at? I will be- gin again. Scotland and Saxony are both highly cul- tivated countries, pursuing intensive agri- culture under great difficulties, yet both are excellent honey- producing countries, probably much superior to Ohio and Mich- igan. In Ohio the yield of wheat is 11 bushels per acre; in Scotland, at least c>3. In most other crops the discrepancy is even greater. I once made a tour of Michigan, and what met iny eye was a very extensive agriculture, the only exception being at Kalamazoo, where some natives of Holland were practicing intensive celery culture with great success. Certainly there is plenty of room in both States for intensive agriculture, but it hasn't arrived. I want to make Messrs. Root and Hutchinson feel humble, and prepare their minds for the new agriculture, which will be the salva- tion of both States in the good times com- ing. SAINFOIN. Though I traveled considerably in both States 1 did not see a blade of sainfoin — a crop that corresponds very closely to the al- falfa of the West. I imagine that, in most respects, it is the more valuable plant of the two. It produces honey in quantity and quality equal if not superior to alfalfa, and that, too, n :;olJ wet countries — s. m^ihing 1004 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 655 alfalfa never does. It is grown in much trie same manner as alfalfa. Possibly it will do equally well. Burpee the seedsman says it will succeed only in the South; but he also says crimson clover grows only in the South, whereas it succeeds very well in Nova Scotia, a very long way north. Then along comes the Canadian Experimental Farm, and says it does very well in Otta- wa. Better boom it, Mr. Editor, and keep these wandering bee-keepers at home grow- ing seed and producing huge piles of fine ccmb hone}'. Don't let them wither away like Rambler in Cuba, but set them to work brin3;ing into fashion zwAw^n'^ agriculture. Sainfoin is an important European crop, grown almost everywhere. I think it ad- visable to send straight to Europe for the seed, to get it fresh. Watkins it Simpson, 12 Tavistock St., Covent Garden, London, sell English-grown seed, and Messrs. Vil- morin Andrieux i!fe Co., Ouai de la Megis- serie, Paris, sell French, while Italian seed may be procured from Messrs. Damman it C), San Giovanni a Teduccio, near Na- ples. The Spanish kind, known as "sulla," ought to prove useful in Califor- nia, Arizona, and Texas, as it is semi-arid in it.s habit. What is to hinder bee keepers from growing sainfoin for seed purposes, and booming it a little in their own neigh- borhood? They need not be too modest and retiring. WHITE CLOVFR. In Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana, and very possibly other States, white clo- v- r ought to be grown by irrigation in many cases. It is a grand plant, but not a drouth resister. If you, Mr. Editor, have never seen white clover under irrigation, you would be astonished to see it under such conditions. Personally I believe it would pay to grow white clover under irri- gation right in Ohio; at least the seed- grower ought to grow hi* patch under irri- gation. This is better than looking about for long-tongued bees. It is easier. The yield of white clover under irrigation is enormous, and of course the quality is XXX. Possibly, also, the yield of nectar is in- creased under water culture. Worth think- ing about, isn't it? ARTICHOKES. Notwithstanding the fact the artichoke is a grand food for ho^s in the hog-producing States, it seems to be but little known. It not only furnishes the very cheapest hog food, but tends to keep these animals in health. Prof. I. P. Roberts praises the ar- tichoke very highly, and so do other emi- nent agriculturists; but still it languishes. Evidently it needs seme one to sound its praises; and as it is a bee- plant, why not we bee-keepers do this for it? HORSE BEANS. In his write-up of California and its bean fields, ye editor didn't catch on to the value of the bean to Eastern agriculture. Horse beans form an impor'an* crop. They are principally used to feed hard-A^orked horses, and for this purpose are not equaled by any other food. These beans can be cul- tivated and harvested just as wheat is, but possibly in drills would suit the United States better. Dr. Moore, one of the edi- tors of the Country Gentleman, indorses them for York State, and possibly they would be an acquisition in Ohio and Mich- igan. Anyway, it would be worth while to experiment with them. RAPE. The rape-plant has been successfully in- troduced into the United States, but is not as extensively planted as it ought to be. I think there is a chmce here for those bee- keepers who are favorably situated for growing it for seed. TACAS\STE (tree ALFALFA). The only reference I have seen in Glean- ings to this great hone3'-plant was by the lamented Rambler. Those Californians who complain of lean years should try it and report. It ought to prove a very desir- able acquisition in some parts of the United States. I am anxious to know how it suc- ceeds in the Southwest. RED raspberries. There is hardly any plant, not excepting white clover, that will excel the common European raspberry as a honey-producer, either in quality or in quantity. The red raspberry furnishes a syrup that stands probably without a rival, and raspberry " vinegar " is a grand drink. Why would it not pay to grow the raspberry in suitable localities for these particular purposes — the more so as raspberry syrup is the best substitute for honey? and where there is a local trade the same people buy both. hazelnuts, cobnuts, and filberts. The growing of these nuts in the ITjited States is an " infant industry." All three are pollen-plants, and, blooming early, do a great good to bees. I could easily add a lot of other honey- plants for the reader to think over, but I shall be well satisfied if the bee-keepers do only a small part in making these things fashionable. Some Gleanings readers are in a position to work up this idea, and pos- sibly some are at work on it. [While there is an apparent lack of con- sistency in the statements made by Brother Hutchinson and myself, yet in reality there is none. While I can not be sure just what Mr. Hutchinson has said, yet I think you will find that, where I have spoken of in- tensive agriculture cutting down the yield of hone}', I had in mind those localities that formerly had a much greater proportion of wild or pasture land than now; and conse- quently clover (for the remarks had refer- ence to the eastern portions of the cou itr}') would be less abundant, while grain at d hay would receive a larger sh'ire of the acreage. There are immense possibilities in the 656 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 development of some of the new plants. It remains for the experiment stdtious to show the possibilities so that the rancher ard the farmer can put these demonstrated pussi bilities into s^od hard dollars. — Ed ] DR. miller's book; the sfcret of get- ting SECTIONS PERFECTLY FILLED OUT. Dr. C. C. Miller: — \ have been diving- into your " Forty Year^? amon^ the Bees " for some time, and must couftss to you I have been more than repaid the cost of the book. I am Interested in comb honey, hav- ing about 30 colonies — some pure Italians — but they do not work on red clover for me. Could I possibly get a strain that will do it? I want to be able to produce section honey like the picture I see in the ABC book, page 99, evidently a picture of some one's honey. I have never been able 1o do any batter than that on page 98 — No. 1. My bees just will not fill out the section. I am using the 4X5 plain with fences this season, and am delighted with them. I had much trouble last season in using the A]/i and no separators with bulged comb. I am a subscriber to Gleanings, and should be more than obliged to you if you would help a Tarheel. Charlotte, N. C. Geo. M. Phi^-er. [Dr. Miller replies:] I'm not sure that I know the exact secret cf getting sections beautifully filled out, although I have produced thousands of them. I'll give you the combination, how- ever, as nearly as I understand it: A heavy flow of nectar, a strong force of bees, the colony somewhat crowded for room. Try th' se three things and see if you don't get satisfactory results. The first and second are desirable conditions under all aspects; the third — well, if it takes too much crowd- ing to get sections well filled out and seal- ed, I'd rather do with something not quite so fine; for too much crowding is likely to lessen the crop at least a little, although it may increase the crop of wax, making the bees plaster wax where not needed. It may also Set the bees to thinking of swarming. Indeec', it is probably wise at all times to give the bees too much rather than too little surplus room; yet I have seen sections fill- ed out and finished up beautifully when I thought the bees had abundance of room. Yes, > ou can h tve bees that will at least do better than the average on red clover, some bees especial]}- distinguishing them- selves in that diriction. And I suspect that bees that d > better than the average on red clover will do better than the average on other plants. Try a queen of the red clover strains advertised — an untested one, per- haps. You may strike on one not much better, if any, than your present stock; and yon may strike on one that will boost you away ahead. C. C. Miller. Marengo, 111. BEE paralysis, AND THE USE OF SUBLI- MATED SULPHUR. In July, 1903, I bought a select tested Italian queen from one of our most renown- ed American queen- breeders. I introduced her successfully, and gradually built the colony up by adding brood-combs until about the end of August the hive, a one- story ten-frame regular Langstroth, was fall of bees. In September I noticed many dead bees in front of the hive, which accu- mulated from day to day, until in October the colony was reduced to a nucleus having only a few bees left, and the queen. I had clipped the queen as soon as 1 had received her, so that I could easily recognize her. I came to the conclusion that here was a case of paralysis, and, strange to say, the only one case in a yard of about 30 colonies. One evening I took about 2 lbs. of flour sulphur in a burlap sack, and dusted, by shaking the sack, just enough sulphur on all bees and combs so that every thing was pretty well covered with the yellow sulphur color. Then I took this hive and changed location with a prosperous hive full of bees. The next few days I noticed again a few new dead bees on the new stand, but no dead bees on the old stand. After about one week there appeared no more new c ead bees on the new stand of the paralytic col- ony. This colony did not accumulate suffi- cient stores for wintering. I fed with plenty of sealed honey. This spring, when I examined the colony in February it was weak, reduced to about two frames of bees and little brood. There was plenty of honej' left. May 11 they are doing better, having some five combs of bees and brood. I do not notice any more new dead bees, so the disease seems to be gone. I reared two young queens from the above queen, which are doing fairly well — about as well as any average colony in the yard. But I am afraid of this stock, and will dis- card it by requeening. The CDlony which I put on the place of the paralytic colony in the fall of 1903 had a Carniolan queen bred to an Italian drone. This colony never showed any sign of dis- ease, of which I was afraid on acccunt of the change of position. It wintered well, and came out this spring as one of my best colonies. Otto Luhdokff. Visalia, Cal., May 11. [I would not advise keeping the queen of a paralytic colony. I think we have pretty good proof that this disease is somewhat hereditary; and if the queen is retained she is liable to transmit it to the bees, even aft- er they have been cured by sulphur. To 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 657 breed from such a queen is only increasing' the risk of its bein{? spread to other stock. —Ed ] thk first shallow hives. In all the various articles that have ap- peared recently in Gleanings on "shallow hives" I have not seen any mention of the Stewarton hive as made and used in Scot- land fiftj' years ag-o. This seems to me to be the old original, and iflust have been in use \ears before Mr. Heddon and Mr. Dan- ^enbaker brought out their hives. I should fancy that Mr. Heddon had gotten his idea from the Stewarton, and had improved on it to suit the more modern ideas and needs. The original Stewarton was octagonal, about 14 inches in diameter, 6 or 7 inches deep, and 2 or 3 body boxes were used, with as many supers of 4-inch depth as might be required; and as movable frames were hardly known then, bars only were used. Later on the hive was improved, and it was made square with frames; but the principle was the same. These square ones were often made ornamental; but this was at a time when bee-keeping as a busi- ness was scarcely thought of— at least in the old country — and bar- frame hives were used only by the few, while the still older- fashioned straw skep was the only hive used by the many. A description of the Stewarton hive may be found in "Hunter's Manual," or "The Apiarj'," by Neighbour, both published in England some thirty years ag-o. Chas. E. Norton. Moncton, N. B., Canada. [Some eighteen years ago or mire, there ■was considerable discussion about shallow hives. At that time the Stewarton hive was referred to quite frequently. It is de- scribed and illustrated in Cheshire's Bees and Bee-keeping. But the first shallow hives were in use long before the Stewarton. They have been used in Germany for cen- turies. The Stewarton hive, though, differ- ed from the Heddon and the Darzenbaker in that it did not have movable frames — only bars. — Ed.] A VIRGIN QUEEN FIVE MONTHS OLD. As a bee keeper and a reader of Glean- ings, allow me to" put a few facts before you. Out of a batch of young queens I made in January, there is one which is not yet laying. I have always noticed that, from her wedding flight, the copulatory or- gan was still attached to her body; and week before last I caught the queen and ■drew out the appendix to see if she was go- ing to lay after three months' time, and till now she has not done so, though she looks as lively and well formed as the others. I think I'll have to kill her. I read in Gleanings that the honey crop in California and Cuba is a failure ; but in a long experience with bee keeping in Cape Haiti I haven't seen such a bad year. We had to feed all weak colonies in May, when last year at this time honey was coming in freely, and we were making our fourth ex- tracting (our season lasts from the middle of November to June or July) The frame of brood of Mr. Victor, p 387, is not a wonder in Haiti. I can say it is the rule, for mjst of our queens are fiom your stock. J. Baptiste. Cape Haiti, Haiti, W. I., May 14. [As a general thing, virgins more than three weeks old will never lay. We are in the habit of killing off any that will not lay inside of two weeks. I think we may conclude that a virgin five months old is structurally imperfect. — Ed.] PARIS green on cotton KILLING BEES. Can you give me some advice as to the ef- fect poisoning cotton with Paris green will have on bees? Will it affect the honey? There seems to be considerable excite- ment in the boll- weevil district of Texas over the practice of poisoning cotton with Paris green to exterminate the boll-wee vii. Bee-men in general think it will also ex- terminate the bee business. I thought j'ou could probably tell me something about the result of this, as I notice a great deal of writing on the subject of poisoning fruit- trees in the North. It seems from what I can learn that it invariably kills the bees that go to those orchards in reach of nec- tar. J. M. Davidson. Ditto, Texas, June 7, 1904. [If the cotton is in bloom at the time the Paris green is applied, it will kill the bees by the wholesale. Perhaps j'ou can induce the cotton-men to spray on certain days, and then confine the bees on those da3's with wire cloth, if it is possible, until the spraying is over and thoroughly dry. A good deal will depeud on how strong the planters use the Paris green; but the pre- sumption is, it would have to be used as stTong as it is on fruit-trees; and if so it will kill bees in the same way. — Ed.] A BEE- CELLAR FOR ARKANSAS — HOW TO CONSTRUCT. I am intending to build me a cellar this summer. Our land here is a light sandy soil with a red-clay subsoil. When we have a good deal of rain the water will rise in the cellar. Will you or seme of your readers give me a good cheap plan for mak- ing a cellar that will stay dry? I should also like to know what kind of clover will be best suited to that kind of land. What do you think of wintering bees in a cellar where the temperature in winter ranges from summer heat to 6 below zero? The weather is so changeable that bees con- sume a great amount of stores. G. F. Hatch. Belleville, Ark., June 6, 1904. , [With your conditions you had better bj' far rot make any cellar at all. Weather 658 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 below zero does not necessarily affect bees wintered outdoors. It is the continued ex- tremely cold weather, without any flights at all for four or five months, that is hard on bees wintered outdoors. You had better winter outdoors in double-walled hives. Your bees will then ccme out fresher and stronger. If water has a tendency to rise in the cellar, the only way is to put in a good-sized drain around the wall, and lead ing from the cellar to a drainage point be- low the bottom cf the cellar. — Ed.] DO LIZARDS KILL BEES? Is it customary for lizards to eat bees? I was viewing with great pleasure the first flight of my bees on a fine day, the 3d of last April, when out from under a hive slipped a Izard at least a foot long, and at once pitched into the thickest stream of the happy little fellows, devouring them in great haste. The bees seemed not to pay the least* attention to the wide- mouthed mon- ster. I called my boy, who went after the despoiler, literally with a "sharp stick." Please give me some light on this enemy of my pets. J. N. J. Areata, Cal., May 4. [I have seen lizirds in some of the Cali- fornia apiaries. They appeared to be very tame, and inoffensive. Possibly the reason of their being so tame was because of their being well fed. As a general thing, Cali- fornia beekeepers regard them as harmless or as a curiosity rather than an actual damage to their interests. — Ed.] POPPIES — A. WARNING. I see en p. 499 a letter from J. A. Leon- ard, asking about sowing an acre of pop- pies. Now, Mr. Editor, if he has popp3' seed to sow an acre, I hope he will not lose one seed, but burn it. I was raised on a farm in the eastern part of England, the finest farming country in the world, but it is cursed with the poppy. The grain-fields would be entirely destroj-ed by it. Day after day when I was a boy I pulled pop- P3% and it almost gives me the headache now to think of it. If an}' one else asks you about poppy, say 7io! H. Manning. Raysville, Ind. [We have had other reports going to shcv that the poppy — that is, the kind that pro- duces opium — is injurious to bees, to saj' nothing about the misery and degradation it brings on the human race. — Ed.] THE HOFFMAN FRAME. I have just read what W. Z. Hutchinson and others have to say in the last issue of the Review regarding the Hoffman frame. I can't agree with them that it is not a good frame. In warm weather I can pick my fram s out of the hive with my fingers with- out the use of any tool. Fr imes should not be handled in C3ld weather as a rule, any waj-. I agree with Mr. Green in not being friencly toward the division-board as you made it a few years ago. It is soon pulled to pieces. In theory it is all right, and would b3 all right in practice if no bees were ever allowed in the hive. Hives I would rather have with corners halved to- gether than the lock corner, on account of being more readily kept together at the top corners. Harry Lathkop. Bridgeport, Wis , June 8. A simple, CHEAP, AND EFFECTIVE HIVE- C.4.RRIER. I send 3'ou a sketch of a hive- carrier that I made. I took a fork-handle and bent some irons in the shape here shown, and sharpened the ends to hook in the hand hole of the hive. I make the handle long or short for one or two men. The staples in the handle should be 17 inches apart for a Root hive, and 6 inches from staple to the end of the hook. You can lift up, carrj', and set a hive down and not disturb the bees. I carry mine with one hind: have the handle long, and a man can walk with ease at each end. F. W. Howe. Baldwinville, N. Y., March 28 TWO QUEENS IN ONE CELL. T'oder Heads of Grain I find that a writ- er claims to have found two queens in one cell. You requejt 3 our readers to report if any thing like this has happened to any one else, so I will let you know what I am able to say from my experience. Some weeks ago I took queen cells from a hive which had swarmed a few days before. Among these queen- cells I found one which seemed to be but one onl}', but it contained two queens, and these queens were separat- ed by a very thin wall Practically there were two cells; but, connected together, they looked like one. Probably the queen- cell in question was constructed in the same manner. Bro Alphonse Veith, O. S. B. St. Meinrad, Ind., June 8. sapolio for removing propolis. I notice on page 554 Mr. S. G. Kilgore says he has used sapolio for rem)ving pro- polis from the hands, with success. I wish to say the san-e Yes, I think there is nothing better than sapolio for removing' this objectionable material from the hands, and it does it quickly too. Washington, D. C. H. F. Carl. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 659 BEES ON SHARES; NO WRITTEN AGREEMENT; TROUBLE BKEWING. I am expecting' to have some trouble with a man; the trouble arising from a few bees on shares — not just that either. He had a few bees. I bought a few near him, with the agreement that I should see to his bees when I came around. He, in return, was to hive any swarms that might issue in my absence. There was no written agreement, as I thought he was a gentleman. Since then, he has claimed part of the honey my bees made, which I gave him, but decided to get m3' bees on someone's premises other than his, which I did, but he now claims that I have taken a part of the bees that he was to have for the keeping- of them. What I wish to know is this : Should I ask the bee keepers to help me if he should sue? I have been poor, and have not joined the National, but will join if I can g^et help should I 7ieed it. I would rather take the bees back that he contends for, and give them to him rather than have trouble with him. J. B. O. [The keeping of bees on shares without a written agreement very often leads to dis- agreement. As I understand the situation your neighbor was to hive swarms from your bees in your absence to offset your la- bor of looking after his bees in /its absence. Your neighbor assumed that he was to have half the bees and half the honey, and you, on your part, rightly assumed that the pro- ceeds from each lot of bees were to go to the owner of each lot. No court could hold or would hold that you are in duty bound to give your neighbor the lion's share. If your labor more than ofiFset the labor of the neigh- bor, then he could claim nothing in the way of bees or honey from your colonies. If I have stated the facts correctly, I would contest his right to appropriate your bees or any part of them, for it is not always wise to give a man every thing he asks. To do so works an indirect injury to society, in that he will be bold to " claim the earth " with every one, and it may be necessary to teach him a lesson. The moral of this whole thing is that there should be an agreement in writing; talk over the general plan of division in the first place if there is to be any, and then if you can not agree no harm is done. The National Bee-keepers' Association could not help you, probably, even if you were a member before the trouble began. In no event can it render aid in a case where defendant joins the Association after he gets into trouble. — Ed.] A LITTLE CITY, DOOLITTLE AVENUE. I ha/e just visited the famous queen- rear- ing yards of Mr. J. P. Moore, Morgan, Ky., and certainly they are worth visiting. He has about 500 nuclei of three frames each for testing and keeping his young queens. He also has some 25 full hives fir his queen- mothers and brooa-rearing All his stocks are of the purest and best Italians, selected for the most desirable qualities in bees. They are gentle, first-class honey- gather- ers, beautiful in color and form, uniform in markings and are bred to the highest standard of bee culture. Mr. Moore raises his queens in queen cups, by the Doolittle grafting method, drawn out by full colonies. A queen which the bees are about to super- sede is placed in the same colony, where he has his queen-cells finished. Mr. Moore claims that bees in this condition will build better and larger cells, and supply the queen larva; with more royal honey than when they are queenless. He exhibited bars of queen cells with 16 to 18 in each row that, for size, beauty, and uniformity I have never seen equaled. The young queens from cells so constructed are long, yellow, and produce bees that stand at the highest grade as honey-gatherers. He soM last year over 2000 queens, and his orders this season are larger than ever be- fore. His great city of hives and nuclei is beautifully located south and east of his residence, and laid out in streets and blocks like a human city. The main avenue, run- ning east and west, is called Doolittle Ave- nue, and the view from either end is just grand. Fields of white and red clover stretch away to the verdant hills. He has Italianized all the bees kept by others for miles around, so as to secure purity of his queens. He is a genial Christian gentle- man, and welcomes a visitor to his home with true Kentucky hospitality. My visit will long be remembered. Walton, Ky., June 6. L. Johnson. HOW TO TREAT HONEY THAT PERSISTS IN CANDYING IN 40 OR 50 DAYS. Here in Southwest Texas we have very fine honey, but we have a great deal of trou- ble with it on account of its granulating so quickly. We have a big demand for comb honey packed in 60-lb. cans with 8 inch screw-top. I think I understand the pro- cess of heating in order to keep it from su- garing, but that is not a success with us, for it keeps it only about 40 or 50 days, which is not sufficient time. Is there any way I could use glucose in the honey to pre- vent sugaring? I do not wish to use the glucose in order to cheapen the honey, for glucose would cost as much here as I could get for my honey; and I would state on my labels that the honey contained glu- cose in it for the purpose of keeping it from granulating. If you know of any way to keep honey from turning back to sugar, say for 90 days, kindly let me know. J. N. Long. Pearsall, Tex., June 9. [I would advise bringing the honey up to a temperature of 130 or 140, and keeping it there for several days. A temperature of 160 for a few minutes would not be nearly as effective. If you can keep the honey at 140 over night you will find the results probably more satisfactory. In case long- continued low temperature does not keep 660 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. JULV 1 the honey liquid a sufficient length of time, put in two or three per cent of commercial glycerine. Do not use glucose, as you will ruin your trade if you do; and, besides, 25 or even 50 per cent of glucose would not prevent granulation. — Ed.] SHALLOW HIVES FOR BROOD-NEST AND SU- PER; HOFFMAN FRAMES AND FENCES; CARNIOLANS AS HONEY-GATHERERS. 3Ir. Root: — I have seen a good deal late- ly about shallow hives and several other things of much interest to me, as you know your firm has made a good many shallow hives for me, and I have now over 1200 in use. They are of the six- inch depth. You seem to think it impracticable to use the same depth both for sections and brood- nest; but I assure you it is not, however, in connection with the ordinary inside furni- ture of supers, as I use it. Simplicity is its main feature. A narrow tin strip is nailed to the inside edge of the ends of the hive. This is for the slats to rest on. A thin board is used at one end to tighten up the ends of the fences. Twenty-eight 4X5 sections are put in a super, and a half-inch board fitted down inside the wood rabbets. This completes the arrangement for comb honey, and I know it is simple and good. Two fences are used each side of the super, or ten in all. As a section-honey getter none excel this simple and inexpensive su- per; and with a strong brushed swarm in a hive of the same size it is hard to beat. I indorse fences. Shallow hives are the ones for me in producing extracted honey. They are of equal value. I have had much expe- rience with many kinds of hives. I see that a good many condemn Hoffman frames. I do not see how anv intelligent specialist can waste time with unspaced ones. True, they are not perfect; neither are those who condemn them. Propolis is bad in this locality, but unspaced frames are worse. I see smokers come in for a share of criticism, and I think it is true that they are not fastened strongly enough to the bellows-board. One tack is not suf- fic ent in the valve leather, and the curved snout weakens the force of the blast. With me the Crane is the best. Straight-blast Bingham is also good. Mr. Crane's article on the importance of getting bees started right struck me very forcibly. For over two years I have had one yard of pure Carniolans, and they are said to be bad to swarm; and with the idea of counteracting that tendency I have work- ed to get them started off at honey-gather- ing with a vim before the time for swarm- ing came on; and the result has been that, though last year was bad for swarming, yet only 18 swarms came off', and this year not one ; and the good thing about it is, these bees are noted as being the most won- derful honey-gatherers in the whole coun- try, working very freely when others are doing nothing, and I believe it due to the proper starting they always get. Yes, I think excluders always hinder the work of the bees, some to a much greater extent than others. I do not use them, ei- ther on extracting or comb- honey hives. J. E. Chambers. Vigo, N. M., June 12. [W. K. Morrison has for some time advo- cated making the hive and super of the same depth for the sake of convenience and simplicity. Our friend Mr. Danzenbaker tried it on quite an extensive scale, but finally abandoned it, making the brood- nest about a half deeper than the super, and he feels satisfied that better results are thus secured. But if you use two hive-sec- tions for a brood-nest, the same as advocat- ed by Mr. Heddon and Mr. Hutchinson, you would probably obviate some of the objectionable features. — Ed.] HONEY VINEGAR ; SOME INTERESTING PAR- TICULARS CONCERNING IT. That analysis is not conclusive. Vine- gar-making depends entirely on perfect conditions, whether all fermentation of su- gar be finished before the fermentation of the alcohol into vinegar is started, or wheth- er the fermentation of sugar into alcohol and alcohol into vinegar was going on at the same time, which always causes a great loss. Very often even a third kind of fermenta- tion is going on at the same time, by which the vinegar is changed into carbonic acid and water. This fermentation is general- ly caused by germs of decayed organic matter. To obtain the best results in vinegar from the fermentation of sugar, especially honey, it is absolutely necessary that the fermen- tation of honey into alcohol be perfectly fin- ished before the fermentation of ihe alcohol into vinegar commences, and that no de- structive fermentation be present at any time — indeed, that no two kinds of fermen- tation be taking place at the same time. If the different kinds of fermentation are kept absolutely apart, then the quantity and strength of the vinegar finally obtained will depend absolutely on the quantity of the sugar started with, no matter whether the original was pure honey or sugar. I do not intend to criticise the doctor; but his short Straw might mislead some par- ties, although he, no doubt, is perfectly ac- quainted with the matter. Otto Luhdorff. Visalia, Cal., May 20, 1904. OPEN-AIR FEEDING SUCCESSFULLY PRAC- TICED BY AN EXTENSIVE BEE-KEEPER. I see that great caution is given against open-air feeding. I also notice how the veterans and others have lost by open-air feeding. Why is this? I have built up hundreds of colonies by open-air feeding, and never yet have lost one by so doing; in fact, it is the only proper way to feed an apiary. Yes, there goes Dr. Miller up on GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 661 a jump, and tells the bojs to look out with that big^ open-air feeder or the strong^ colo- nies will get the most of it. Well, of course a strong colony will get more than a weak one; but what if it does? The more fed, the more brood, and then take from the strong to help the weak ones. Your feed does far more good if fed in the open air, and not a tenth of the labor or time is occu- pied. It takes me about half an hour to make up feed and feed 400 colonies by open- air feeding; and then what a nice sight to see bees coming and going from every hive in the apiary! Mr. A. I. Root said to me while he was at my home, " Why, Mr. Woodward, your combs all seem to be fine and perfect." Those same combs were all built from the open-air feeder, all drawn from full sheets of foundation, at a time when there was no honey coming from the field. In this country one can not afford to have his combs all drawn out at the expense of the honey harvest; and just think of having to feed from 400 to 500 colonies of bees every day for three or four months, one colony at a time. But there is a right way and a wrong way to do any kind of work. With my system of open-air feeding I feed at any time of day. When I'm running high-pres- sure feeding I keep the great feeder full all day long. I usually feed about 1000 lbs. a day, sometimes more; and the feeder should never be placed in the apiary — always a few rods away. The results will be much better. One can stand and see the bees throw a fine spray through the air as they go to their hives. This is the evaporation of water from the sugar. C. E. Woodward. Guanabano, Cuba, June 14. [We used to practice, some years ago, outdoor feeding, but with a very low grade of sweet, much diluted with water. I feel satisfied that a veteran like you can feed diluted honey in the manner you describe; but the average beginner, and perhaps ex- perienced bee-keepers, too, who are located in town, would do well to practice feeding only with the individual hive. This is an important subject, and we should be glad to hear from our subscribers who have made a success or a failure with the plan. —Ed.] a swarm that became cross on being DUMPED. For the first time in hiving a swarm of bees I had to run for shelter, and stay 20 minutes. The swarm clustered on a hori- zontal limb 8 ft. from the ground. To reach them I placed a low step-ladder, then with a large galvanized pail held under the bees I struck the limb with a club and dislodg- ed half of them. Most of them fell into the pail, and some dozens on to the hand hold- ing the pail. They did effectual work en that hand, and tried their best at my head, but that was protected. The onslaught was so great I had to beat a retreat. The bees had clustered but a few minutes when I attempted to hive them. My theory is that the anger of the bees was caused by hunger. The mother- hive is a two-story chaff. The bees covered the front of the hive both night and day for nearly or quite two weeks. When they swarmed, the hun- gry ones from the front, and the full ones from the inside, made the swarm. The bees are a mixed race, black blood prevail- ing. The bees I caught in the pail I put on the hiving-board. All the bees entered the hive at their leisure. W. Young. Palmyra, Neb., June 20, 1904. [It is not at all probable that the bees were cross because of hunger. Any swarm hanging on a limb may be made cross if suddenly dumped. There is one thing I will not do if I can possibly avoid it; and that is, to get directly under a swarm so that the bees may lodge on my hands or clothing. Very often I find that a swarm suddenly jarred from its position into a hiving- box will become quite enraged — es- pecially so if the bees are hybrids. To avoid an onslaught I usually blow a little smoke, when possible, on the outside of the swarm, and then give it a jar, when all will be well. — Ed.] DO QUEENS MATE THE SECOND TIME AFTER LAYING? I notice some of the writers for Glean- ings tell about clipping queens' wings. I have done it with good success. Some say queens mate just once, for life, and in one of the late issues of Gleanings some one told of queens mating more than once. But I don't see where there is any possible chance for them to mate_ more than once if their wings were clipped, as that would make them useless if it is common for them to mate a second time. J. Stine. Sigourney, Iowa, June 20, 1904. [Queens do not mate the second time aft- er layin_s; — at least there has been no good evidence offered that goes to prove that such mating does take place. The item you saw does not refer to mating a second time after laying, but mating befoi'e any eggs were laid. You probably misread the item. On page 602, June 15, you will find further ev- idence along the same line. — Ed.] making the bee-smoker automatic. 3Ir. Root: — Do you know you have the hook on the wrong side of the smoker ? When you hang the smoker on the edge of the hive, the nozzle turns away from it, and the smoker does not do you any good until you pick it up, turn it around, and blow; then you have to turn it around again and hang it up before you can have both hands free and proceed with your work. If the smoker hangs on the windy side of the hive, the wind blows into the nozzle, stops the draft, and eventually will make the fire go 662 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 out. These things always troubled and an- noyed me until I devised and attached a hook to the fire-pot, as shown in the accom- panying' cut. This hook is made of strap- iron, one inch wide and scant iV inch thick. It is fastened to the fire-pot with two rivets at B and c. The top of the hook should be two or two and a half inches befow the ori- fice of the nozzle; and the end of the hook f should be cut off square, and filed smooth to prevent it from catching- in clothing or scratching the hands. The lower part of the hoDk, BC, should be shaped to fit the fire-pot. You do not need any clockwork or com- plicated machinery to blow your smoker. The wind does it, and there is generally wind enough for that purpose. Hang the smoker on the windy side of the hive, and you will have a gentle stream of smoke blowing continuously across the top of the frames. This keeps the bees quiet and out of the way, and prevents stings on the hands, these being more or less in the smoke nearly all the time. I have worked the whole day performing all the usual spring manipulations without getting a sting except when I happened to pinch a bee. When it is necessary to blow down- ward, just tilt the smoker a little without removing it from its place. For this reason the angle at a is made flaring, so that it will not pinch on the edge of the hive. I seldom handle the smoker from the moment I open the hive and first drive the bees down until I am through with my work and put the cover back on the hive. For your new-st3'le smokers the hook might be shortened and attached just be- low the hinge; but the long upright part, e, should be far enough from the fire-pot to prevent the heat from blistering the paint on the hive. Try it and be convinced, and delighted. I have left the old hook on the bellows, as it is sometimes handy in other ways, but it could be dispensed with. Wm. Muth-Rasmussen, Independence, Cal., May 16. [I have alwaj's felt that the hook should be on the front side of the smoker, but did not feel like having it riveted permanently to the front of the cup under the snout, as it seemed to me it would bring the smoker- barrel jam up against the end or side of the hive, scorching it badly. As we ordi- narily use the hook attached to the bellows, the smoker is not hung next to the hive but from a tool-box and hive-seat combined. As thus used, the hook on the bellows is in the right place, and does away with all danger of burning or scorching the hive. You have bent the hook, though, as per your sketch, so as to hold the smoker away from the hive; but if we were to attach the hook permanently to the smoker-barrel by means of rivets, some would complain, as they have no use for hooks of any kind — even if you would pay them to use them. Therefore we send a loose hook inside of the fire-cup, leaving the purchaser to at- tach it or not, just as he chooses. He can rivet it to the front of the smoker-cup if he prefers it that way. — Ed.] IS IT ALFALFA OR SWEET CLOVER? What kind of clover is this I send you? Is it the genuine alfalfa? It was found along the Ohio River near a little town called New Matamoras, Ohio. Friendly, W. Va. Samp. Williamson. [The sample of clover has been examined. In young plants it is difficult to distinguish between sweet clover and alfalfa. When they are in blossom, however, or have grown to be of considerable size, they show quite a marked diff'erence. I hardly think there is any alfalfa growing wild along the road- sides or riverbeds in your locality, so that what 3'ou send is probably sweet clover. If it has white or yellow blossoms in July or August you may be satisfied it is sweet clover. If the blossoms are of a deep violet, then unquestionably it is alfalfa. — Ed.] household ammonia for removing pro- polis. I notice Mr. Kilgore's letter, June 1, men- tioning sapolio as a remover of propolis. Did j'ou ever use ordinary household am- monia? A dilute solution of this will re- move propolis from the hands just as he says sapolio does — as by magic. Very lit- tle rubbing is required, the action of the ammonia solution apparently being that of a solvent. Try it. Charles E Frick. Philadelphia, June 6. coggshall's brood-frame with end sta- ples. Stapling frames is important, for, even with men who move only once an hour, I have yet to see one who will take out half the frames of any hanging frame, without killing or maiming some bees. A man could, with great care and a steadj' hand, take but a set in five or six minutes, possibly, 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 663 without maiming bees. Mr. Root, you just paint the end of a set of frames and put them in a hive and take them out, and see how man}' times you hit the end of the hive while handling. Paint will show on hives. But not necessarily does it kill a bee, but TJ^TE ff^ T,^l. I A ^' ?A-' ¥ maims it. No one, while raising a barn, would like to stand near the side of another building. You can't shake off a frame of bees inside of the hive half way down with- out killing five or ten bees unless you have a staple or nail in the lower end of the frame. When you had a cut made of my frame, and the engraver put the staple so it shows up in under the top-bar, I was disgusted. I am not always right. Some would not have the staple, I suppose, except in the upper corner. W. L. Coggshall. West Groton, N. Y. [Unless our artist has something more than a rough diagram to work from he is liable not to make the finished picture cor- rect in every detail As he has submitted the new drawing to 3'ou, and secured your *' O. K.," we may assume that this one is correct. As you work shaking the frames, the sta- ple at the bottom corner is almost a neces- sity— indeed, a necessity for every one who shakes in the hive. It can be attached to any hanging frame, including the Hoff- man.— Ed.] BLEACHING THE DARKEST YELLOW COMBS WHITE. If the man asking for a plan to bleach comb honey will follow these directions he will be satisfied to his heart's content, for the darkest yellow combs can be made per- fectly white. The worst class may need two treatments, but all yield. Dig a short trench; set over this two emp- ty hive bodies. On this, place about seven supers of honey. For bleaching, take half a teacupful of sulphur; put it in an iron plate or piece of tin; put it in the trench under the hives and light it, almost entire- ly closing the entrance, and allow the fumes to pass up through the honey. It should re- main at least two hours, then place the honey in a strong light, or even the sun, if the air can circulate well. I have a tier of shelves in the open yard, with mosquito netting thrown over it. L. J. Todd. Mariel, Cuba. THE FOUNDATION FROM THE GIVEN PRESS. In Gleanings for May 1 you ask if our Given foundation-press still works satisfac- torily. It does. We make all of our own foundation, and also for other bee-keepers in this community. They like the founda- tion. We make better than that made with a roller mill. Of course, it is slower work, but we have the advantage of being able to leave a margin of % inch at the top end which is not corrugated, thus making it easier to fasten the foundation to the top- bar of the frame. As to the extractors, they are of about the same gear. Each is a ten-frame extractor, works satisfactorily, and runs easily. White clover is rather late this year, but it promises to be good, and the workers are ready and willing to gather the nectar. Our loss last winter was very small. Louis C. Koehler. Tisch Mills, Wis., June 15. 664 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 OUR HOK/IES, BY A. I. R OOT. "I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly. — John 10:10. Not only is our text a beautiful thought, but it is most beautifully expressed. Jesus is contrasting' his life and his mission here on earth with the lives of thieves and rob- bers, who live only to trouble and distress the honest hard-working people. His life and his mission were to give humanity "life" in the truest sense of the word; and not only that, but to give it more abundant- ly to those who have already a fair amount of health and happiness. It is as true to- day as it was then that all real life and happiness come through showing forth to the world the spirit of Christ Jesus. Chris- tian nations are always in advance in be- stowing health, happiness, and peace on their people. Mrs. Root and I have been having a very happy time for the past two weeks here at the " cabin in the woods. " In writing home to the children a few days ago she said something like this: "Father is enjoying himself intensely; in fact, if he gets much happier I hardly see how he will live." Dear friends, I have been and am exceed- ingly happy; and this Home paper is to tell how you may, at least to some extent, share this same happiness. I rejoice the more in it because we have no high-priced surround- ings. Ours is an exceedingly humble home. We have no expensive clothing, and our daily food is hardly up to the average farmer's table.* We have, however, an abundance of beautiful pure air — I call it the finest in the world, that is, so far as I have "sampled" the world. To get the full benefit of it we still live in the original "cabin" that is so well ventilated it is al- most like living out of doors. Our good friend Terry is still hammering away in the Philadelphia Practical Farmer in re- gard to the importance of a great lot of out- door air. Why, he is almost thundering it in people's ears that they are sick and ail- ing because they sleep in rooms with the doors and windows shut, and that they would most of them get well if they would let drugs alone and just live and sleep out- doors. When in Medina I take my after-dinner nap in a large airy basement. I noticed long ago I always got up with a bad taste in my mouth unless the windows were open on both sides of the room, and even then there is apt to be a little of this and other symptoms of indigestion unless there is a good strong breeze through the apartment. Terry says, and I think he is right, that all the talk and notions about "sleeping in a draft of air" are pure nonsense, or would * For a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things he possesseth. — I,tjke 12:15. be if folks were only accustomed to a breeze day and night. Well, as it has been rather cool here I have been taking my naps in the cabin with the doors and windows open; but Mrs. Root insisted that the hammock in a group of maples just above the cabin, on a hill overlooking the bay, was a much better place, and asked me to experiment careful- ly and note the difference. I did so. Sleep- ing in this cool breeze from off the great Northern Lakes is really a wonderful in- vigorator and appetizer. That last word is important. I now eat fruit, vegetables, and any thing that comes handy, like all the rest of the world. Of course, I work every day and do some pretty hard work. One reason why I am happy is that my strength holds out, almost from daylight until dark. We not only have this great abundance of pure air, but we have a run- ning stream of pure spring water right at our dcor. Hot water just now is a " back number, "but I drink great quantities of cold water — perhaps more than I ever drank before — that is, while I am hard at work out of doors. Now, this isn't all. Pure water and pure air in great plenty are grand; but /think we want lots of sunshine also. My clothing up here in the woods is of the lightest de- scription, so I get the sun pretty well almost all over my body all the time; but I am go- ing further. When I get warm and sweaty I make a little inclosure of empty potato- boxes and a strip of canvas so I can sit right in the sun, say at 2 o'clock, entirely divested of every thing. "Get sunburned ?' ' Oh, no! for a light hose, carrying this same spring water, gives me a most refreshing shower bath. After you get a little used to it, water at from 70 to 75*^ is very much more refreshing than any thing warmer. Our spring water ccmes through iron pipes mostly on top of the ground, and the sun on these pipes warms it up just right for a bath in the middle of a sunny day. It is nice for drinking, nights and mornings, so we keep a pail of it on the north side of the cabin for the middle of the day. Now, physical health and strength, while they should fill our hearts with thankful- ness, are not sufficient to give us happiness or the "life" mentioned in our text. The thieves and outlaws may have good health; but have they the life the Savior mentions ? Do they enjoy life in any such way as the honest man who works hard for the benefit of his fellows? Surely not. I have been very happy in making a flower-bed in front of the little church (see p. 557 last issue), and I have been happy in working for others (instead of self) in many ways. I have also been happy in looking after my plants and trees that I had not seen for about two months. I am testing different things on these sandy hills. We have eight varieties of currants, six of gooseber- ries, about as many blackberries, some English filberts, the improved large chest- nuts, besides peaches, plums, etc. Some 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 665 of the peaches were hurt by the severe win- ter; but apples, pears, plums, and cherries stood it apparently unharmed. Apricots thrive amazing-ly. Insects never trouble them, and they are earlier than any peach- es, and, / think, more delicious. I can not see why they are not more generally grown in this region. On one of our steep side-hills, where the white sand almost " runs " down hill in a dry time, we plant- ed some rhubarb, or pie-plant. The ground looked too poor and dry to grow any thing; but this spring we found the largest, finest, and most luxurious growth, without any manure, and almost no care. The leaves are a yard across; the stalks a yard long, and big enough so one makes a pie. It needs experimenting to find what crops are suited to this region, and it is this experi- menting that I enjoy. A " HOME " ON FIRE. While our neighbor Hilbert and his wife were in town a few days ago his house burned up. Gladys, only six years old, saw it first. She told her sister Alice, about fifteen, who was the only one at home besides the hired girl. You will remember Alice as one of my particular friends. Well, I will tell you how a girl of fifteen managed. She ran to the bell that is on a post near the house, and rang it so vigor- ously it turned over and wouldn't ring any more, then after being headed off on the bell she went to the telephone and yelled to central, " Hilbert's house is on fire! Tell everybody near us I "* Then she tried to carry water into the attic where the fire was, but no one could get in on account of smoke and flames, so she and the girl, only a little older, began to get out the goods. By this time men, women, and children were pouring in from all sides, and every thing was got out of the lower rooms. They might have taken some things out of the cellar; but the barn took fire several times, and took the whole crowd to save that. Now. here are several good lessons for us all. Every home should have a good bell that can be rung by even a child, to be used in any case of emergency, besides calling the hungry men to dinner. I wish also every home had a telephone. This one saved a good- sized barn and contents. Better have your home insured also. While friend H.'s insurance ($700) does not make him good, it is a big help on the new house. Every home should have some boys and girls (God willing), and these boys and girls should be taught to bear responsibili- * Alice thinks toward forty people — men, women, and children — were there in about ten minutes after that telephone n-iessage. Bicycles flew up hill and down in reckless haste. After this last faithful ser- vice a boy knocked the telephone loose with an ax and rescued it from the flames. One of the pleasant hings about a community like this is the eager alacrity with which all the neighbors rush to the aid of one of their number who is in trouVile. Then is the Chris- tian spirit, or, we might say, Christ spirit manifest. I am sure that Sunday-school held every week (preach- ing is only every other weeki lielps to encourage this unselfish disposition. ty. Could any of my fifteen year-old read- ers do any better than Alice did ? The fire started in the attic from a defective chimney. Had you not better look over and into your chimney while the matter is up ? If I remember correctly, more than half the fires in country homes come from defective mason or carpenter work, or both. THE BONNIE BEE. BY E. T. SPOTTSWOOD, M. D. The bee ! the bee ! the bonnie bee, That flits from flower and shrub and tree. When early morning's sunlight gilds The tree-tops on the distant hills. Obedient to stern duty's call. It hastes to gather sweets for all ; And, flying fast on buzzing wings. The happy toiler joyous sings — In busy flight speeds quick along. And crooning hums sweet labor's song ; And, wandering o'er the meadow's breast, One moment on each flower 'twill rest ; Now on the drooping columbine. And then the yellow dandelion — On feathery plumes that graceful nod, Of the fragrant yellow goldenrod ; Then from the wild rose ruby lips The dainty nectar sweetly sips. The modest clover yields its sweet To fill the hoarded store complete, And from the linden's leaf it drew The luscious stores of honey-dew^, And every bloom and every flower To its caress yields up its dower. Then when the length'ning shadows crawl. And on the flowery landscape fall. And setting sun's fast-fading light Gives warning of the coming night, It homeward wings its rapid way To clcse the long and happy day. Is it not true that even we May learn some truths from Bonnie Bee — To shun the bitter that we know. And gather sweets where'er we go, And bring the treasures we have found To lighten up life's weary round? Handy Wagon Only 25 inches high. Steel Wheels ■1 inch Tires. Carries any load two horses can pull. We furnish any size steel wheels, of aTiy width, forany axle. Catalogue free. Empire Mfg. Co., Box 91C Quincy, 111 666 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 «l^4l ENS Golden Italian and Si Leather Colored, Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by Quirin-the°Queen>Breeder. We guarantee every (jucen sent out to please you, or it may be returned inside of f>0 days, and another will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long-tongued Red=CIover Breeders In the United States. We send out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any State, continental island, or European Country. The A. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our stock, from time to time. Dr. J. t,. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., says that he secured over 400 pounds of honey (mostly comb), from single colonies containing our queens. Last winter was a severe test on Bees, ButQuirin's Famous Leath= er=colored Italians wintered on their summer stands, within a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. . Queens now Ready to go by Return Mail. Our new circular now ready to mail. ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO Prices after July 1. 1 I 6 I 12 Select Tested Select '.ested Breeders Straight five-band breeders ... Palestine queens Two-comb nuclei, no queen... Full colony on eight frames... Four fr's brood, cSc 4 fr's f'd'n $ 7.5 I 4 00 I 7 00 1 00 1 50 3 00 .5 00 1 oO 2 25 5 00 8 00 15 00 8 00 12 00 5 00 25 00 4 00 22 00 9 00 15 00 15 00 22 00 Special low prices on Queens and Nuclei in 50 and 100 Lots. Nuclei on L. or Danzenbaker frames. 9 ——'—9 ^ C- =Victor's= ?\ Superior Stock Is recognized as such, to the extent that last season I was compelled to withdraw my ad. to keep from being swamped with orders. THIS SEASON I SHAI,!, RUN MY Thirteen Hundred Colonies Exclu= sively for Bees and Queens — and will therefore soon be able to — Have 2000 to 2200 Colonies and Nuclei in Operation which warrants me in promising prompt ser\'ice. Untested QueensSl.OO; select un- tested $1.25; tested 81. .50; select tested $2.50; breeders $4.00 to $7.00. Illustrated price list free for the asking. W. 0. VICTOR, Queen Specialist. V Wharton, Tex HONEY QUEENS I^AWS' ITAI.IAN .AND HOI,Y LAND QUEENS. Plenty of fine queer s of the best strains on earth, and with these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are you interested? I,aws' Leather and Golden Italians, Laws' Holy Lands. These three, no more. The following prices are as low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen, $8 00; tested, $1; per dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either race, $3 epch. W- H. LAWS, Beevllle, Texas. MY GOLDEN BREEDER gave me 400 pounds of honey last year. Her daughters are 75c each ; $8 00 per dozen. George W. Cook, Spring Hill. Kans. Red Clover and Three and Five Banded Queens. Untested, (i5 cts.; J7 per doz. Fine tested queens, 81.00 each. Four-frame nuclei, fine queen, in painted hive, $3 25. Remember ■ we guarantee our queens to work red clover as well as white clo- ver. (*,et my circular. Queens sent promptly Fifty and one hundred specia Iprices. Q. ROUTZAHN, BIQLERViLLE. ROUTE 3, PENNA. Virginia Queens Italian queens secured by a cross, and years of careful selection. From red-clover queens and Superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson. I can furnish large vigorous untested queens 75 cts. ; after June loth, 60 cts. ; tested queens, $1.00; after June 15th, 75 cents. Write for discount on large orders. CHAS. KOEPPEN, FredericKsbtirg, - Virginia. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 66/ CARNIOLANS AND ITALIANS. Untested Queen 75c.: Six for $3.90: Twelve for $6.00. Tested $1.25. Best Breeder $2.50. Imported $4.00. Special prices quoted on large orders. Having queen- rearing apiaries in the North and South we can fur- nish any numtier of queens on short notice. Safe ar- rival guaranteed. Price list free. F. A. IvOCKHART (Sb CO.. LaKe Georgfe, - Ne-w YorK. Cari\iolans. We are the largest breeders of this race of bees in America, having bred them for 18 years We find them the .g'^/z/Zi?.?/ bees known. Very hardy and pro- lific, good workers on red clover; great comb-builders, and their sealed combs are of a snowy whiteness. Italians. Gentle, prolific, swarm very little, hustlers to work, and a red-clover strain. If tKe BE-ST Queens are wKat yoti 'want. Get those reared by Will .4^tchley, Manager of the Bee and Hone.v Co. We will open business this season with more than llKJO fine queens in slock read.v for early orders. We guarantee satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and five banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queens, .$1.50 each; 6 for $7.00, or $12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $4.00 each for straight breeders of their sect. Untested queens from either race, 90 cts.each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address XKe Bee and Honey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Xex. ^ ^ ^ Doolittle Says: Be very choice of this Breeder; if ever a Queen was worth $100, she is." Then we have Breeders from our strain that gave the big yields in '94. and which some of the largest bee-keepers in Cuba say can't be beat. They swarm but little and are honey-getters. We are breeding for honey-gatherers more than color. We cull our cells and queens, and warrant queens purely mated. Prices: Select untested, 81.00; select, $1.25, tested, $1.50; select, $2.00; breeders, 8:3.00, $4 00, and $6 00. Circulars free. J. B. CA.S£, Port Orange, Florida. We are now breeding from three distinct strains, viz.. Imported or leather color. Root's long-tongued or red clover strain, and our old strain of white- banded yellow Italians, or albinos. :: :: Untested, each 8 .75; half doz.'.84.25; doz. $ 8.00 Warranted, each 90; half doz. 5 00; doz. 9.00 Tested, each 1.25 Select tested, each 1.50 We have also a full line of bee-keepers' supplies including The A. I. Root Company's goods Root's Sections and Weed's Foundation a Specialty. Send for our :i2-page illustrated catalog Leather Colored Italians For Sale! strain took first premium Minnesota State Fair, 1901 and 1902. Ready May 1st. Eight or nine frame Lang- stroth hives, $5.00; ten frame, $6.00 each, f. o. b. Milaca. W. R. ANSELL, Mille Lacs Apiaries, MILACA, niNN. — HONEY QUEENS — Golden and Leather-colored Italians, tested, $1.00; un- tested, 90 cts.; select tested, 81. 50. H. C. TRIESCH, Jr., DYER., ARK. Tjr PCQT can always be had at 75c lllL DLOI each for untested; $4.26 for six; 88 00 per dozen. Tested, 81.50 each. Best breeders 85 each. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. The JENNIE ATCHLEY CO., Box 18, Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. QUEENS THE DEMAND FOR MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS becomes greater each year. The fol- lowing report shows the reason why: EXCEL IN STORING CAPACITY. B. vS. Taylor, a large honey-producer of Perris, Cal., who sent me an order for 75 queens at one time, says : "I have a large apiary mostly of your stock, and I have never, in my 30 years' experience, seen so quiet and gentle bees to handle, and in storing capacity they ex- cel anything I have ever had." Untested queens, $1 00 each; six, $5 00; dozen, $9.00. Select untested queens, $1.25 each; six, 86 00; dozen, $11. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Descriptive circularfree. I am now filling orders by return mail, and shall probably be able to do so till the close ot the season. J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Key. QUEENS DIRECT FROM ITALY. Please send us your address on a postal card, and we will send .vou our price list of queens, written in English. Cor- respondence not sufficiently post-stamped will be refused. Our motto: "Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them." Write IVIalan Brothers, .... Queen-breeders. " Apiario," Luserna, San Giovanni, Italy. '' Increase" is a little booklet by Swarthmore, tells how to make up winter losses with less labor, without breaking full stocks. Entire- ly new plan, '25c. Prospectus free. Address ■£.. lu,. Pratt, SWARTHMORE, PA., U.S.A. DID YOU LOSE HALF OF YOUR BEES ? Then save money by ordering your stationery and honey-labels of us. Samples and prices free. It is in the doing we excel, and not in talkiag about it. Young Brothers, - Cirard, Penna. 668 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Wants and Exchange. For Sale. July 1 Notices will be inserted under this head at 15 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, and you must sat you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will be charged our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w ANTED. — Chunk comb honey during season, any quantity; cash paid. E. A. Hearn, Salisbury, Md. w w ANTED. — To exchange I,. Colton high-grade sur- veyor's compass. What have vou? F. W. Van de Mark, Mehan, Oklahoma. ANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping-can, for honey. Root's goods. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. \VANTED.— Your experience in marketing honey, ''^ aside from trade centers. For publication in the August number of the Rural Bee-keeper. Address W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis. WANTED.— Comb honey for August or September delivery. Alfalfa preferred. Give price, etc. C. I,. Michael, Rt. 14, Farmington, W. Va. WANTED. — Refuse from the wax-extractor, or slum- gum. State quantity and price. Orel L,. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. WANTED. — To exchange catalog describing the best hive in existence, a double-walled hive for only 20c extra, for your name and address. T. K. Massie, Tophet, W. Va. WANTED.— To exchange 60-lb. cans for honev, cash, or offers. No. 1 at 40 cts. per case; No. 2 at 30 cts. G. I,. Buchanan, Hollidays Cove, W. Va. Y^ANTED. — Partner to go in with me and enlarge my ^^ bee business ; fine opportunity for any one wish- ing to make a start in Cuba. R. M. McMdrdo, Cauto, Santiago de Cuba. WANTED.— Second-hand extractor in exchange for shirts and overalls. E. Brubaker. 14 North Third St., Philadelphia, Pa. 117 ANTED. — To exchange second-hand hives, and " Dorset sheep, for cane-mill and syrup-pan or evaporator. I,. F Weaver, Shadeland, Ind. ANTED. — To exchange a Cowan extractor. No. 15, for extracted white-clover honey. Walter Howe, Brookfield, Mass. w Help Wanted. WANTED —A practical all-around kind of man for bee work in summer, and greenhouse and shop work in winter. A iob by the year for the right man. Married, and middle-aged preferred. Drinkers and smokers not wanted. Reference required. Write me. R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo. Addresses Wanted. IVANTED. — Your address on a postal for a little '" book on Queen-Rearing. Sent free. A> J^ "^* Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb ''IC*^ ^^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, ^.^ "^^ Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact, '"^ ^ EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. [^ ! Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. i^ yj* My 5tock of Supplies '"^ '^My is fresh from the factory, and fully up-to-date in every detail. My sections are not dried 3?^ "^K* out and they do not break in bending. '1^ -^* What They Say. ^^ .^. Peru, Ind., May 23, 1901. Jl/^ •^fc Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis, Ind. '^'^ " Dear 5?'r. — Each of the many orders you have filled for me has been accompanied ^ ^1^ with a pleasant surprise in the form of promptness and precision. In some cases it has been .^fX_ ■"^t worth many dollars to me to have goods shipped on next train. I think promptness is your ^jj^^ ■^' stronghold. I would put it Pouder, Pi oniptness. Precision, and Per/ec/ ion of goods. I desire J -^1^ to thank you for the many courtesies you have shown me in our business relations. ^i^L. -^K* Yours truly, ^C^ ■^t George Demuth. 7 ^* '^ ' Medina, Ohio. t^ J^irf Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. ^5^ _/l* £>ear Sir: — It seems to us, bee-keepers ought to be very glad to have such a dealer as '1^ r yourself to depend upon for supplies, and we congratulate you. a^ yU Yours truly, ?l^ '^n*' The a. I. Root Co., per A. t,. Boyden, Sec'y. 'H^ /^ Beeswax Wanted. ''if*' ■^^ I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make ,^T^_ ■^R>c small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your ^1^ * name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send ii to you. . J^^ J^- I WALTER 5. POUDER, J ^^ 513==5I5 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 'p ■^^ j'« J>'* J'* ^* y* y^* J'* y'^ J'* y* y^* .J'* yt^ y't^ y^L^ y^L. ^'i^ ^'4^ Ji^ 670 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 iMore Room! We now occupy the greatest floor space, and carry the largest stock of goods, that we ever did before. Our specialty is V^Holesale and Retail Le^ivis* Goods AT Factory Prices. Dovetailed hives. Wisconsin hives. Champion Chaff hives. Improved I,angstroth Simplicity hives, and our new hive which we call the Acme hive. Thousands of pounds of comb foundation ; millions of sections in about 30 different sizes and styles, and everything the bee-keeper needs. Do not fail to find out all about the ACME HIVE. Hundreds of them already sold, this year. Catalogs and plenty of informa- tion free. Let us estimate on your order. Do You Need Queens? If so, you want none but the best. Prolific Queens? — they mean large colonies. Good Workers ? — they mean full supers. We can fill your orders for such queens by return mail, from our choice strain of three band Italians, which are not excel- led as honey-gatherers. : : : Choice tested queens, $1.00 each; untested SOc; per dozen, $6.00. Send Jor circular. : C. M. Scott «& Co., 1004 E Washington St., ♦ ♦ ♦ Indianapolis, ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦4 Ind. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LOUISIANA. Italian Queens in State of Wasliington. Long-tongued red-clover queens, untested, 70c; tested. $1.00; select tested, $1..50 Common Italians same price. Satisfaction guarante< d. Robert riirring, Dryad, Lewis Co., Wash. DEE=KEEPERS, let me sell you the best goods made. *-* You will be pleased on receipt of them, and save money by ordering from me. My stock is all new and complete. I handle the G. B. Lewis Co. and The A. I. Root Co. goods. Send for catalog. It is free. W. J. Mccarty, Emmetsburg, Iowa. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honey, sections, comb toundation, and such other articles used in the apiary. IVrile for price list. A. "W. SW>VN (St CO. Centralia, Kan. perfect Goods! J ow Prices ! j^ ^ A Ctistomer Once, A Ctistomer AlMrays. Vf We manufacture BEE-SUPPLIES of all kinds. Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published U/}e Ameri- can Bee-Keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. ADDR.BSS U/^e W^ T. Falconer Mfg. Company, W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our ¥«»«»% <»e*/X'««r»> 1^ Y goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. J cMIld»l.\J W »», X^ • A • 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 671 MarsKfield Manufacturing Co, Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best inithe market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. 7^/>e MarsKfield Manufacturing Company, MarsKHeld, V^is. Kretchmer R^anfc. Co. Box 60, RED OAK, tOWA. We carry a large stock and greatest vari- I ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- I suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, 'and prompt shipment. We want every ' bee- keeper to have our FREE ILIyUSTRAT- ' ED CATAL,OG, and read description cf 'Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. \^IVRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. I Trester Supply Company, I,incoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs, Iowa. I. H. Mjers^, I^amar, Col. ^ —Keeps in stock a complete line of -. .Colonif s of Italian bees in newhive $8.50 iThree-frame nucleus colonies with Italian queen 3.75 JTested Italian queen |.25 Untested queen 85 'silk-faced veil, best made 40 Catalog FREE Apidries—Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom— 105 Park Place, N. Y. NOT IN THE TRUST. The oldest bee-supply house in the East. Sells the BEST GOODS at former prices. Send for Catalog. J. H. M. COOK, 70 Cortlanat St., New YorK City. Tested queens now ready by return mai Paciric Coast Buyers are directed to the announcement that SMITHS' CASH STORE (inc.) 26 Market St., San Francisco, California, carries a complete line of apiary supplies. Root's reg- ular and Danzenbaker hives, Dadant's foundation, and Union hives. Money can be saved by buying from them. Prices quoted same as Root's catalog for 1904, with carload rate 90c per 100 pounds added. This saves buyers $1.50 per 100 pounds in freight or 36c on each hive. HAGEN'S Comb Foundation Factory {\NEED PROCESS) Is turning out a grade of foundation that is not sur- passed by any made, and is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction. A share of your trade is solicited. Wax worked up for bee-keepers also. In the market at all times for beeswax at the highest market price. Sam- ples of foundation sent on request. H. F. HAGEN, Denver, - - - Colorado. 60I High Street. 672 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 1 The Minnesota Bee-Supply l\Ianufacturing Co., at Minneapolis, burned out on Sunday evening, June 12. involving a total loss of S4000. We hereby extend to these people our sincere sympathy. As a general thing, a fire in a wood-shop makes rapid headway un- less there are automatic sprinklers. Our shop is thoroughly equipped with them;and while they have so far never put out a fire that we could not have handled without, yet we regard them almost as a necessitv. even if they are expensive. We trust our friends will be able to make a new start. TITOFF NURSERY CAGES. We have received a few complaints to the effect that queens reared in our regular Titoff nursery cages would die. Some thought they starved to death Investigation has shown that the new cages for 1904 contained just enough of the soldering salts used in making to cause the death of the queens. The caejes are now all immersed in boiling water before being sent out, and we have had no trouble since. We sug- gest that those who have had queens die in these cages immerse them in boiling water, then try them again. NEW^ SIMPLEX HONEY-TAR. We have found a new glass jar for one pound of honey, which we think surpasses any other style we ever offered. It has a glass top which screws on to the glass jar with a rubber gasket between. The joint is on a taper so that, the further you screw the cover on, the tighter it makes the joint. It can be sealed absolutely air-tight; has no metal to rust or corrode. It is about % inch higher than the No. 2.5, which improves its appear- ance. We sell them at the same price as the No. 25, and have a carload in stock ready to fill orders. We first learned of this jar nearly a year ago, but have said nothing about it until we had the stock in hand ready to supply. We still have some No. 25 in stock for those who may prefer to con- tinue with it We believe, however, the Simplex jar will take the place of the No. 25. Convention Notice. The annual session of the National Bee-keepers' As- sociation for 1904 will be held in September at St. Louis, Mo. Sept. 27 and 28 will be devoted to Association work and its interests. Seotember 29, national day. We expect many prom inent foreign bee-keepers to be present on this day.- September 30 inspectors' day. Twenty bee-inspect- ors from the United States and Canada are counted on to introduce and di.scu=s the diseases of bees etc. Mr. N. E. France will exhibit, in the convention hall, a large map of the United States. Canada, Cuba, and Europe. Each State and country will have a shelf attached to the map with a one-pound sample of each kind of honey produced. Many other exhibits of special interest will be shown. We expect to see the largest gathering of bee-keep- ers ever held in this country. A more detailed pro- gram will appear later. Geo. W. Brodbeck, Sec. DANZENBAKER 20th Century SMOKER. A SMOKER SURE FOR $I.OO. GUARANTEED TO SUIT, OR DOLLAR BACK. The last in the field, combines the best feature of others, with special ones all its own. It has a perforated draft-grate at the side that strengthens the fire-cup and holds a removable lining and packing in place, that keeps the fire- cup cool, adding to its durability. This lining can be replaced at a small cost. The draft- hole is midway of the fire cup, directlj' opposite the only opening in the bellows, from which the air is forced and deflected upward or downward, or both ways, as desired, to secure a dense or hot or cool volume of smoke, which is determin- ed by the filling and lighting of the fuel. It is superior in make up and material. It has no parts that can clog with soot. It will continue to smoke from three to ten hours, in light work, until all the fuel is consumed. It wins friends that willingly recommend it to others. Full directions for use, and preparing special fuel for subduing bees and destroy- ing the eggs and larv« of the wax-moth, with each smoker. PRICES : $1.00 each; three for $2 70 when sent with other goods. By mail, each 25 cents extra. ADDRESS F. DANZENBAKER Care The A. I. Root Co., Sec. '29, W. Annex, Hort'l Bid.,. St. Louis, Missouri. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 673 (to 1884 PRICE LIST OF 1904 Queens ! ^ Italian ' (♦> \tt and nF^f>CL ^f> iAf ,t Untested Queens, each - - - $ 75 S^ ^^^ w J Tested Queens, each - - I 00 ! J* Select Tested Queens:, each - - 2 00 i|i »^ Two-frame Nucleus (no queen), - J 00 ^jl a« Three-frame Nucleus (no queen), - - J 50 y^i J Four-frame Nucleus (no queen), - 2 00 if/ jt Full Colony, eight-frame, (no queen) - 4 00 \l/ ^> \l/ ff> Vjl "We are booKing^ orders for Queens JJJ w| and Bees at the above prices. Jc ili We breed with scientific, intelligent methods from the best (f^ (Ijf Imported and Long-tongue stock. Cheaper queens may (f) iHit be had elsewhere, but we make no effort to compete with ff^ i)/ the prices of the cheap-oueen men. Our stock is worth ^\ (1/ our price. You will be pleased with our stock and our (?) \|/ prompt and careful attention to your orders. We Mrantee it. ''t^ il/ ^ ^4-pa8'e Catalog^ of Supplies Free. "»? fl\ I J. M. JENKINS. I jlj WETUMPKA. - ALABAMA. )}J 674 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Julv 1 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. e^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ Send for Our FREE New Illustrated Catalog and Price List. ^^ >^ IF-TY YEA Seven original inventions, and the bees have enabled bee-keepers to supply the vporld with the best cheap and abundant honey. Rev. L. L. Langstroth's shallow-chamber movable-comb frames Inventor did not improve his invention. T. F. Bingham, closed-end movable-comb frames. He improved his invention. Baron von Hruschka. revolving horey-extractor. Inventor did not improve his invention. J. Mehring indented comb foundation. Inventor did not improve his invention. A. I. Root invented foundation rolls. T. F .Bingham, uncapping - knife. Invention has never been improved. T. F. Bingham, continuous direct-draft smoker. Inventor has tvpice improved his invention. The bellows of the Bingham smokers has double leather, and strips of wood glued and nailed, forming its hinge,— does not slip or wabble. The metal part has a shield and a brass exhaust-tube to direct the blast and protect the wood and hands from heat {does tiot whistle). The top has a cool wire handle and bent ex- haust, to curve the smoke, catch the ashes and soot and fire (a safe feahire) . Bingham has made and sold thousands every year for 26 years, has never received a complaining- letter, but hundreds of the most complimentary character. Smoker sare\siinilar, but\there are none like Bingha^n^s. Bingham has received all the bellows- smoker patents granted by the United States, four in all, but has never sold any patent rights. Bingham smokers burn anj' thing, and never go out ,and last from 5 to 21 years. Prices, by Mail/ Tin, 4-inch Smoke Engine $ | .50 Doctor, 3M-inch Smoker $( . 1 O Conqueror, o-inch $1.00 ; large, 2Hinch .90 Uttle Wonder, 2-inch 65 Copper of the three largest sizes, 50 cents more than tin. These are our regular prices. But we make a special which we charge 10 cents more for. Uncapping-knife 80c Thanking every one for 26 years of favors and respect, T. F. BINCHAM, - FARWELL, MICH. Volume XXXII. JULY 15, 1904. Number 14 The A.I. (E MEDINA (T--' Root Cq OHIO 3 '^^ Eastern Edition. iBht&red at the Postoffice, at Medina, oaio, AS Second-class', Matter. If you want your orders filled within 24 hours send them to us. We have the largest stock in Michigan, and can ship at once. Beeswax wanted at highest market prices. LEWIS G. & L 6. Grand Rapids, ICH. — ^^ CAN SHIP TO-DAY. \ Cl have the largest stock, and the best assortment I ever had at this time of year, and can fill your order the same day it is re- ceived. 1 have more Hives, Su- pers, Sections, and Foundation, Shipping-Cases, and every thing you may need than I can possibly sell this season. CBut don't wait, send in your orders promptly, and they will be filled promptly. YES, THEY ARE ROOT'S GOODS AND SOLD AT ROOT'S PRICES. Clf you have not my 36 -page catalog, send for it, free. Bees- wax wanted, either for cash or trade. GEORGE E. HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. ' ! Hurry Up Orders FOR Hives, Sections, Founda= tion, etc. The supplies you order this month you want ^^right away^^ — ^^as soon as possible/^ That is what w^e are doing for others, let us do it for you. :: :: :: For Root's Goods in Michigan — In a Hurry. M. H. HUNT & SON, "^'^'^Pcr'^" 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 679 r^T^ C. H. W. Weber, Headcftiarters for Bee-Supplies promptly, and free of charge. C. H. W. Weber *J^ I OiKce (St> Salesroom, 2146-2148 Central A.ve. V^areHouse, Freeman anci Central ^vex^tze. CINCINNATI, OHIO R.oot's Goods at Root's Factory Prices. <$) ^ " ,4, — Let me sell you the Best Goods Made; you will be pleased on receipt -^ ^ of them, and save money by ordering from me. Will allow you a discount on ^ f$> early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is f$> f^fi one of the best shipping-points to reach all parts of the Union, particularly f^/^ pjL in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction ^ ~ guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed T I WWW WW T i I Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and *. ^ a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and * H^y without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey S4!^ t^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation -fasteners, and Cj^ f^ bee-veils. ^ ^ Queens Now Ready to Supply by Return SVIail; Golden itai- <|i 1^ ians, Red-clover, and Carciolans. Will be ready to furnish nuclei, beginning (^ ^ wilh June, of all the varieties mentioned above. Prices for Untested, during June, ^ 1 one. 75; six, $4.00: twelve, $7.50. i (J^ ' (^^ ''f* I will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and *^ y^ shall be pleased to quote j'ou prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- ^^ t^ rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its puritj-. ^ ^ (i^ t^, J have in Stock Seed of the folSowmg Honey-pjants: Sweet- <|i ^ scented clover, white and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- /^ js. celia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnio. A. 680 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Honey Market. JULV 15 GRADING-RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel- etain or otherwise ; all thp cells sealed exceot an occasional cell, the outside t^urfacoof the wood well scraped of propolis. ANo. 1.— All s c ons well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; c mhs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comnaratively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and ilark ; that is. there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. San Francisco. — New comb per lb., nominal. Ex- tracted, water-white, 5%®,6; light amber, 5@5}4; dark amber, 414@5. Beeswax, 28@29. Ernest B. Schaeffle, June 28. Murphys, Cal. Schenectady. — We have received one small con- signment of new comb honey, produced just out of the city, and sold the same at 15 cts. The quality was No. 1 clover. Chas. McCulloch, July 8. Schenectady, N. Y. Denver. — No more old comb honey in this market, and new comb has not commenced to come in yet. Extracted honey, 6'i@,7^. Beeswax wanted at 22(0)28 per pound, according to color and cleanliness. The Colorado Honey Prodtcers' Ass'n. July 9. 1440 Market St., Denver, Col. Boston.— Our market on honey, both comb and ex- tracted, is practically in a slumbering condition, as there is really no call whatever. Prices remain as be- fore quoted, but are really only nominal. Blake, Scott & Ier'lliaii re- painnK oi'd wheels. Cal alo^ne/yee. EMPIRE MFG. CO., Box 91 JU Quincy, III. BARNES' Hand and Foot Power Machinery. This cut represents o'd? combined circular saw which is made for bee- keeper's use in the con- struction of their hives sections, boxes, etc., etc, Machines on Trial. Send for illustrated cata- log and prices. Address W. F. & Jno. Barnes Co., 545 Ruby St., Rockford. : Illlnole Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cu ting, mitering, groov boring, scroll-sawing moulding, mortising working wood in an.v ner. Send for catalog A The Seneca Falls M'fg Co., 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs.. N. Y. % 'j^ and Hand Power PAGE GATE f-RAMES are solid wrought iron, not angle iron or gas pipe. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adriar, WIcti. Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1873.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Setui-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Deo'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apiculturai Uep'i. J. T. CALVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. I<. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms; $1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50; three years, $2.00; five years, $;d.OO, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontinuances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. An^ subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwi.=e we shall assume that he w-ishes his journal continued, and will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time t)aid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISIJS^G RA.TES, Column width, 2yk inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates [Nel). 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 250 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 1000 lines® 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates {Nei). 1 page ....$40 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Cix-ctilation Jl^verage for 190S. 2S.666. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111 , Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, I.os Angeles. Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, lyoveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. \i Ai. inv-nVuv, woousiocli. Out. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 683 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ I Low Rales to ttie soutd I are made on the first and third Tuesday of each month bv the SOUTHERN RAILWAY t at which times roundtiip tickets to points in the South and Southeast are sold at ONE FARE PLUS $2.00. A splendid opportunity is thus afforded the residents of the North and West to gain knowledge personally of the great re- sources and possibilities of a section which is developing very rapidly, and showing results which are most satisfactory Low-priced lands, superior business opportuni- ties, unexcelled locations for factories can be obtained, or are offered, in all the States reach- ed by the Southern System. Illustrated publi- cations and full information upon request. . . M. V. RICHARDS. LAND AND INDrSTKIAL AGENT. Washington, D. C. CHAS. S. CHASE, M. A. MAYS. AGENT, TKAV. AGT.. Land and Indust'l Dept., Land and Indust'i I>ept., Chemical Bldg , 2;i5 Dearborn St., St. Louis. Missouri. Chicago. Illinois. t ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ one season, planting in ro- tation cauliflower, cucum- bers, egg-plants, in beauti- ful, health -giving Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-growers Thousands of acres open to free homestead entry. Handsomely illustrated de scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchange in Vir- i^inia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and A.labama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Line Railway, Portsmouth, Va. Splendid Location for Bee-keepers. Mr.A.I.RocifsWri!iiigs of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful section reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. Fo: pamphlets of Michigan farm lands and the fruit belt, address J. £. Merrltt, Manistee, Michigan. SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps SPRAY tVtAPS Double-actlng.Llft, Tank and Spray jrPUMPS v^^gp^ store Ladders, Etc. LvShay tools Val?e of all kinds. Write for Circulars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers vith steel roller bearings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown on the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buy in quantity. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland. • Ohio. FENCE! STRONGEST MADE. Bui Strung, ChickeD Tight. Sold to the Farmer at WhoIesaU Prices. Fnlly Warranted. Catalog Free COILED STRING FENCE CO. Box o; Wlnebeslcr, Indiana, O. S. A POULTRY SUCCESS. nth Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated. 50c yr., ehowr readers how to succeed with Poultry. Special Introductory Offer. 3years60cts; 1 year 25 cts; Imontlis trial 10 cts. Stampsaccepted. Sample copy free. 148 page illustratea practical luitry liook free to yearly Bubscribers. Catalogue of poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co., g;?L^eid.o. Voice Qreat $1 Farmers Co=Operative Club Seed us the names ol ten frlendi or neighoors whom you believe will bs inieiested in a jourua standing for the farmer's l»est interests, and wt will send you these five grea* periodicals eacl ot which stands at the head of l^ class Farmer's Voice n!JZ»l . $ . 601 "^^2"'" For forty years the most earnsit Prirp advocate of al! things which temS • 1 1 vt to make life on the farok more pleasurable and profltabl&, Wayside Tales . . . 1.00 America's Qreat Stirt Story Magazine. 96 pages in regular ma- gazine size of clean storlee every PAD month on fln The oldest and best poultrj ip**?*? In the world, Tiie Household Realm . . M For 18 years th*. onjy wamt.a't paper owned, edited andl pls^. lished exc.'.'JiS.i'»n.if oy wom^a, M's Family Magazini , »50 The leading Flora, Magataxib iii Amartca. J For Vlck's yon m«y sabstltate Green's Frut ©rower. Farm Journal, Blooded Stock, Kansas Clt? Btar or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Farmers' Voice fret Liberal terms to agents VOICE PUB. CO., 113 Voice Bldg., Chlca^ FnVPlnnP^ prlnted-to-order, only ti per 1000: seut Lii r ciupcd, for free sample and state yowr business $1. and ten names o farmeri ai aboTt 684 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 I A Queen and the I I American Bee Journal | f FOR ONLY 1 DOLLAR. f fm j^ <^ <$» ^^— — _— ^— ^--— — -----^^-~— — — =^==^^ ^ ''^^ "W"-^ believe that every reader of ^ ^ W ^ Gleanine^s should also have the 'f* I ^ All for only $1.00 ^ f (±t This ofTer is to new subscribers for the '^ t|j American Bee Journal. ^ (^ ^ Prices of standard queens alone # i One for 75c; three for $2.10; six for $4.00. i <|j (|> i If you wish to see a free copy of the old a i American Bee Journal before accepting ^ i the above special ofTer, just address ^ <|j ^^^^^^^^^^^^;^_^^^;^^^;^^^___^____^^ *?> i Geo. W. YorR ®, Co. | ^^ 334 Dearborn St., - CHicago, Ills. 4> 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 685 Selling 14,000 Pounds of extracted honej' yearly, at ten cents a pound, to | some ideas by reading how Mr. France discovered and 3000 people, is what N. E. France has been doing, for several years; and in the July Bee-keepers' Review he tells how he worked up this trade and holds it. He describes his methods and packages — the frontis- piece .shows the latter. You may have a gold-mine in vour own little village, and don't realize it. Get developed his mine. Sf ud ten cents for this issue, and the ten cei!t> niiy apply on any subscription sent in during the j-tar. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. A CONCISE RECORD ^ of new special copper and how it pleased, and how the extia charge wa.- promptly stnt. Stiles, Iowa, July 8, 1904. T. F. Bingham, Farwell, Mich. Dear Sir: — Find enclosed 2.5 cts. to balance my ac- count. Thanks for promptness. Smoker arrived O. K. I tested it yesteiday and found it the best smo- ker I ever used. J. H. Collins. QUEENS DIRECT FROM ITALY. Please send us your address ou a po.stai card, and we will send you our price list of queens, written In English. Cor- respondence not sufficiently post-stamped will be refused. Our motto: " Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, ilo ye even so to them." Write Malan Brothers. .... Queen-breeders. " Apiario," Luserna, San Giovanni. Italy. niirr&IO l TUC DCOT caDalwavsbehadat7.5c IlilrrNN ' *"'- BCol each for untoted; $4 2b I^UUkllU I for six; $8 00 per dozen. Tested (ft. 50 each. Best breeders Jo each. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. The JENNIE ATCHLEY CO., Box 18, Beevllle, Bee Co., Tex. DID YOU LOSE HALF OF YOUR BEES ? Then save money by ordering your stationery and honey-labels of us. Samples and prices free. It is in the doing we excel, and not in taikiag about it. Young Brothers, - Cirard. Penna. fciquabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PRICES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something WORTH LOOK- ING INTO. Send for our FREE BOOK, "How to Make Money with Squabs, and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , •^89 Atlantic .\ve., boston, mass. *? ^ RUB BER STAMPS. ^ ^ stamp your name and address on your letters. You will save yourself, as well as others, lots of trouble. A. two-line stamp costs hut 25c. Many styles and prices given in our rubher-stamp cat alog. Send for it today. ^A stamp is neater than a label on sections, etc. THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY. Medina. Ohio. IJ STORY EIGHT-FRAME L HIVE $1.00. Sections, Dovetailed hives, Foundation. and all supplies at Reduced Prices. Send for list. W. D. SOPER, ■ Route 3. JACKSON, MICH. WnMifA/IT Lovers of Good Books d n It^U ■ to write for list of '200 titles to select Irom. Beautiful cloth-bound $1 books mailed for .50c. These books are by the best authors, 200 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO., (Ret. Publishers of Gleanings.! Box 1014, Denver,Col. = WHAT THEY SAY. = W H PfTNAM:— I delayed answering vour letter until I had read the June number of the Rural Bee-keeper^ and must say, as a bee-keeper of Tl years' experience, I am more than pleased with It. fg^rdlcss ot the assertions of some that ) the publis ing in i his line was already overrione; and if the impiovements continue it will cer- tainly be second to none within its first year of publication I consider the June number alone worth Several \ ears subscription to any practical live beekeeper: and I will say, let the good work go on and on. You have a good field; and the fact of our having a bee journal published in our own State should be a lasting stimulant to all bee-keepers of Wisconsin and the Northwest, and SOcenis certainly can not be invested to better advantage. You may seno me some more bl^nks Yours truly, Hillsbor'-, Wis. Elias Fox. Send 10 els. f:r three back numbers or 50 cts. for one year. W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls, Wis. Hunter-Trader-Trapper k journal of information for hunt- ers, traders, and trappers; publish- ed monthl.v; subscription $1.00 per .vear; sample copies ten cents. Special time-offer, Ave months for 2So. Gleanings in Bee Culture and H-T-T each one year %\SH. HUNTER-TRADER-TRAPPER, Box 90. Gallipolis, Ohio. "Innrogoo" i"* ^ ''^'•'^ booklet by Swarthmore, IllulCddC tells how to make up winter losses with less labor, without breaking full stocks. Entire- ly new plan, 25c. Prospectus f I ee. Address Free to purchasers of queens. E. lu,. Pratt, SWARTHMORE, PA., U.S.A. SIMPLEX HONEY-TAR We have found a new glass jar for one pound of honey, which we think surpassesany other style we ever offered. It has a glass top which screws on to the glass jar with a rubber gasket betvveen. The joint is on a taper so that, the further you screw the cover on, the tighter it makes the joint, it can be sealed absolutely air-tight; has no metal to rust or corrode. H is about 54 inch higher than the No. 25, which improves its appear- ance. We sell them at the same price as the No. 25, and have a carload in stock ready to fill orders. We first learned of this jar nearly a year ago, but have said nothing about it until we had the stock in hand ready to supply. We still have some No. 25 in stock for those who may prefer to con- tinue with it We believe, however, the Simplex jar will take the place of the No 25. THE A. I. R.OOT Co., Medina, O. 686 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 "TIME" "TIDE" and "BEES" "Wait for no man. »» TH Of Having' to wait no^w for 5\ipplies, SEND 'LEWIS" YOVR ORDERS AND YOU WILL GET THE BEST (Si GET IT QUICK. B EWAR E WHERE YOU BUY YOUR BEEWARE /fVA TEIRTO WN, WISi MAKES THE FINEST J i II i ons •^ Of Sections. ^ TIi9\isands Of Sl^ipping Cases. Ready for Prompt Shipment. C. B.Lewis WATERTOWN, WIS. ■DElVoTElD*-', - •To -Be. ELS ,<-^ •ANdKoiNeLY- 'i' •1NTE.F?EST^ Fubushedy the'A iI^ooY Co SiL"PER\tAR '\@ Medina-Ohio- VoL XXXII. JULY 15, 1904. No. 14 Editor York and wife have been helping us celebrate the glorious Fourth. A LOT OF FIGURES are g-iven by G. M. Doolittle, page 638, that I counsel all begin- ners to become familiar with — they'll come handy, and he has given them in good shape. If you want a bed of beautiful blue fi >wers resembling heliotrope, on which the bees shall tumble over each other, it is not yet too late to sow phacelia tanacetifo- lia. Otto Luhdorff, Visalia, Cal., adver- tised seeds in Gleanings. Bees trying to supersede their queen are supposed to "supply the queen larvse with with mjre royal honey," page 659. What's "royal honey"? [The phrase in question should have been "edited," before it went to the printers, so as to read " royal food." It was overlooked. — Ed.] The list of fruits given by A. I. Root, p. 664, is enough to make one's mouth wa- ter; but one thing you omitted, friend Root, and I wish Mrs. Root and you were here to enjoy strawberry shortcake with us. The crop of that delightful culinary compound is fine this year. In the discussion as to Hoffman frames, some talk as if it were a controversy be- tween self- spacing and loose-hanging frames. By no means. I would not like to give up self-spacing frames, but it would be hard to induce me to use closed-end or partly closed-end frames. [But the Hoff- man certainly comes in for a large share of attention, for it is the most generally used of all the self-spacing type of frames. — Ed.] W. L. CoGGSHALL, p. 662, has never seen frames without bottom end staples taken out without maiming bees, unless it took 5 or 6 minutes to a hive. All in locality, Bro. Coggshall; come out here and you'll see it in a fourth of that time, and without any jarring of the bees that the end staples cause, making them cross, and making queens hide. [Our experience is the same as the doctor's.— Ed.] So GLYCERINE is not a reliable preventive of candying, page 639. Glad of it; would rather be able to say that there's nothing in honey but honey. On page 660 the use of glycerine is advised. You have my gra- cious permission to retract, Mr. Editor. [All right, doctor, we stand corrected. We do not believe in the principle of putting any thing into honey, even though the thing put in may be much more expensive than honey. We are glad that the glycerine has failed, as it certainly has.— Ed.] Outdoor feeding allows the stronger colonies to get the lion's share. 'All right," says C. E. Woodward, p. 661, " all you have to do then is to draw combs of feed from the strong for the weak." But look here, friend W., I'm not away off by myself in Cuba, like you, and I'd get into trouble if I were to draw combs from the strong colonies in my neighbors' hives. [In other words, you mean that, if you used open-air feeders, you would feed your neighbors' bees as well as your own. Here again the question of locality plays a very important part in the matter; but I do be- lieve that, where one owns all the bees within a mile and a half or two miles, he can, if he is an expert bee keeper, practice outdoor feeding with great economy of la- bor; and then if the strong get too much, he can even things up later on. — Ed.] Mr. Editor, you want Mr. Aitkin to dis- pense with quilts and cloths so the bees will seal down the covers, p. 648. But don't those quilts and cloths help protect from the hot sun? A cover with a dead- air space would be the thing. [Instead of using quilts and cloths I would use what is far better — shade- boards, or, better still, double covers, then it would not be necessary to 688 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 use a 20-lb. stone to hold either the shade- board or the cover in place. I see quilts and cloths used by bee-keepers many times, and often wonder why others will persist in their use, involving- the necessity of handling heavy stones. If the climate is cool, why not have a double cover, or some sort of cover that is warmer than the or- dinary single-board thickness? The former with air-space between the two thicknesses, the whole protected by Neponset roofing, makes a very warm cover. This will stay in place, without a stone — yes, indeed, it must be pried loose with a screwdriver or a hive-tool. — Ed.] The editor, p. 635, seems a little wor- ried at the continuance of cool weather. Don't worry; it's been a cool June, to be sure; but weather records at Chicago show that June, last year, was 3 degrees cooler, and last year was the best honey season I ever knew. [I hope you are right; but con- tinued cool or cold weather, and continuous rains — almost continuously wet weather when it does warm up — is not very reas- suring. It is not too late for us to get a fair honey crop in this locality, for bass- wood looks well, and is already beginning to yield; but the bees, poor things! can not work on the blossoms more than two hours at a time, when down comes a dashing rain — rain, rain, rain; dark skies, rumble and thunder, then more rain. We are hoping and hoping. Clover is already in bloom because of these same rains. When it does stop, we think we shall get both clover and basswooJ honey. — Ed.] " No DRONES among the sections, and timely taking ofiF, are the chief factors in securing whiteness of comb honey," says S. T. Pettit, p. 645. In this locality, friend Pettit, distance from black' combs is a greater factor. Years ago I was in the habit of putting a brood comb between wide frames of sections, to bait the bees into the sections, and I had to be prompt in remov- ing the brood before sealing began, other- wise black cappings would be used on the sections when only a few cells were sealed. You see timely taking off wouldn't work there, and I don't think drones had any thing to do with it. Even if you had excep- tional cases in which bees did not carry black wax to the sections, although the dis- tance was short, that doesn't disprove the fact that they do it in other cases, and I don't feel safe without a considerable dis- tance between old combs and sections. As the case you cite was your first effort at eomb hone^ , I'm wondering whether your combs at that time may not have been too new to be very black. A KINK that I don't remember to have seen in print may be worth mentioning: When a queen is a week or so old, it is oft- en impossible to find her. But a pretty safe guess as to her presence or absence may be made from the appearance of the combs. If there is a central spot with the cells all cleaned out and polished, ready for a queen to lay in, you may be pretty sure a queen is present. If no queen is in the hive, honey will be scattered in the cells here and there in this central spot. [This is a good point. I am in the habit of diagnosing our colonies to determine queen- lessness largely by the behavior of the bees on opening a hive. If there is a loud roar as of distress I surmise the colony may be queenless, but am not sure of it. The ab- sence of eggs and young larvae confirms my suspicions. If I find a queen-cell, then I am sure that the colonj' is queenless. But here is a colony that has a virgin, or possi- bly has one. There is no loud roar, and she may be out on her flight. Right here your kink will come in good play. I shall ask our boys to test it and report. By the way, I should like to get suggestions from our readers on surface indications as to the queenlessness of colonies beyond those al- ready indicated. Any thing that will save some of the back-breaking labor of looking over the hives should be welcomed. — Ed.] Consumption of honey in a year by a colony of bees has scarcely been thought of till lately, and it is to be hoped that some of these days we may know more about it. Conditions have much to do with it, as I learn from a letter from Adrian Getaz. As he says, in Europe, mobilists (users of movable frames) work for extracted honey exclusively, and in Herr Kramer's figures no honey was necessarily used for the build- ing of comb; and when Mr. Getaz estimated 200 pounds, he counted on bees building comb for sections. Again, G. M. Doolittle, page 651, counts 30 pounds sufficient for the 9 months from August to April inclusive, while Mr. Getaz counts 40 pounds for win- ter alone, as he says it takes that much in the open and varying winter of Tennessee, outdoors. I've just been weighing the wax in 8 sec- tions, and find it 4 ounces — this with no cappings, which would materially increase the weight. But if we just take it without the cappings, it would make l'/2 pounds of wax for the comb in two24 pound supers. At 10 pounds of honey for each pound of wax, that would require 15 pounds of honey con- sumed for the comb. But should there not be a still greater difference? If 50 per cent more extracted than comb can be secured, then while the bees are storing that 48 pounds of comb honey they would store 24 more of extracted. If the same amount is gathered in each case, do not the bees con- sume that extra 24 pounds? If I am not mistaken, the first estimate I ever saw was that of G. M. Doolittle, 60 pounds, and that stood for a long time. Now we have our choice of 70, 100, and 200, and it would be well if we could have some very reliable data. I venture to say it would not be at the lowest figure. [The actual annual con- sumption of stores, if it could be accurately measured, which I think it can not be, would vary, I think, as much as the esti- mates given by our correspondents. So much depends on the locality, size and 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 689 kind of hive, the strain of bees, the queen, and the man, one could hardly put down a set of figures as being- the right ones for all parties concerned. In the South, as sug- gested, the winter's consumption would be much larger than in the North; and even in the North the outdoor consumption would be considerably more than the indoor for winter. Then, again, some bees run more to brood-rearing than others, resulting in a large use of stores. In the first place, we do not know how many pounds of honey it takes to make a pound of wax. The ex- periments already conducted are so much affected by locality and other conditions that the figures run all the way from 3 to 20 lbs. I do not see how we can do much better than to guess at the amount of stores consumed by a colony in a year. For Doo- little's locality I should suppose his figures were reasonably correct. Those given by Adrian Getaz are probably not far wrong; but if any thing they are high rather than low. — Ed.] s yrom Oijy J) De Jonbry, a French savant, maintains that the chief design in the creation of bees was the fertilization of plants, and that the gathering of honey is merely incidental. Not knowing when to stop storing, their in- stinct impels them to get all they can, which is usually more than they want, and that surplus is what man takes as his share. That writer claims that the amount of food given to man by bees in the way of honey is insignificant when compared with the amount he gets by better fertilization of the blossoms. The bee seems to be a sort of double-edged benefit to man. I believe it was some Cleveland journal that said the germs of disease in water can be killed by subjecting the water to great pressure, such as is used in squeezing pom- ace when making cider. If that is true, perhaps the germs of foul brood in honey can be killed in the same way, without subjecting the honey to the e fleets of heat. Reports are called for. The principle is this: If a corked empty bottle be put in wa- ter, and the latter so confined that great pressure may be applied to it, the cork will be driven into the bottle, or the bottle may be broken into fragments. In a like man- ner, if much pressure is applied to a spore it is as certainly killed as an apple seed would be by crushing it. \ir The Third Annual Report of the Illinois State Bee-keepers' Association is now ready for delivery, and every bee-keeper ought to have a copy. It consists of 160 pages, 130 of which are taken up with a verbatim re- port of the proceedings of the Chicago- Northwestern Bee-keepers' Association, which took place last December. The re- mainder of the bock is a report of the Illi- nois State Association proper. The book is well illustrated with views of displays of honey, and pictures of the prominent bee- men of Illinois. I believe Mr. G. W. York has done more than any other bee-keeper in the United States to give to all other bee-keepers full reports of all that is said at the big conventions — that is, all bearing on the subject. He has become responsible for the stenographic work, itself involving great expense. To enable him to do so the better, it has always been the policy of Gleanings to give him an undisputed field, feeling that, if others desired a com- plete report of conventions, a dime or so would bring it, without crowding columns that are already full. I hope Mr. York's work in this line will be remembered by all bee- keepers. AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, Mrs. Lucinda Harrison, probably the best-known woman bee-keeper in the world, died at St. Andrew, Fla., May 26, at the age of 73, or she would have been that old next November. Her death is not so much a matter of surprise as the fact that it es- caped my notice till now. She has been a frtquent contributor to Gleanings for 25 years. Her life has been such as to bless the world, and she will be missed much, not only by her immediate friends but by bee-keepers at large. Of late years her writings have not borne so much on bee- keeping as on subjects of a general nature. Her home was in Peoria, 111. Just four days after the death of Mrs. Harrison she was followed by Mr. C. Theil- man, of Theilmanton, Minnesota. Mr. T. was in times past one of the most valued contributors to Gleanings. I learn of his death in the American Bee-keeper. The old familiar names are becoming scarcer. IRISH BEE JOURNAL. In speaking of insurance the editor says, " Up to June 20, 52 subscribers had insur- ed 596 stocks under our scheme — an increase of l7l stocks upon the corresponding period of 1903. Cost, one penny per stock per an- num. A certain bee-keeper in Australia says he does not paint his hives, for he is liable to be compelled to burn them at any time on account of foul brood. Mr. Digges says, "That is what we are coming to in Ire- land." That seems like a strange confes- sion. Mr. McEvoy would clean it out in less than a year, as effectually as St. Pat- rick did the snakes in that same island. 690 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 Under the head of " American Courtesy" the editor of the /. B.J. says, " C. P. Da- dant has issued an invitation for a delega- tion of British bee-keepers to a convention at St. Louis. He has not thought it neces- sary to invite Irish bee keepers. Mr. Da- dant is vice-president of the National Bee- keepers' Association of the United States. He ought to knowr better." Of course, the editor must not be taken too seriously in the above. I am sure Mr. Dadant meant to in- clude in the w^ord "'British" all who live under the British flag, whether in Ireland, New Zealand, or Nova Scotia. Whatever happens, it is certain that Mr. Dadant never slights any one. He doubtless meant to invite the Britirish bee men, so to speak. TOO MUCH POLLEN. " Great j'car for pollen, this." " Well, Brown, I have known years when bees stored fully as much as this year. Does this storing of pollen bother you?" " Yes; or I think that what they have in the combs will be a damage to me." " Possibly. But let us talk the matter over a little and see about it. What did the bees .^tore it from?" "First, they stored frcm the hard maple till I thought the ccmbs would hold no more. But we had a week of stormy weather soon after, and they used the most of this for brood rearing, so I got rid of that. Then came sorrel, of which we have acres; then the wild grape, together with that from clover, till the combs are so full that there is little room for brood or honey. Is not such a state detrimental to the wel- fare of the colony? and should it not be re- moved? " In some localities bees store so much pollen that it seems to those not so thorough- ly familiar with the inside workings of the hive as they ought to be that some device for removing this pollen would be of great ben- efit to them; in fact, I heard a man once offer as high as $25 for some plan to re- move pollen effectually from the combs without materially injuring the same. This was at a bee convention. Then I have also heard it advised to melt up the combs which had so much pollen in them so as to get the wax, which wax was to be worked over into comb foundation to put into the hive for the bees to draw out into comb again." " Did you not think that good advice? " "Well, hardly; for with me this pollen will take up all the wax there is in a comb when put into the solar wax-extractor, while with steam it is nearly as bad. The only way any wax to any amount can be gotten from combs containing much pollen is to boil these ccmbs in water. This will wet up the pollen with the water, and allow the wax to escape without the pollen ab- sorbing it, as it otherwise would, on the same principle that a sponge takes up water." " That is something I had not thought of when considering melting up combs con- taining polen. The hot water process is too long and tedious for me to undertake. What did ycu think about the machine remedy? " " About the same as the melting plan. All such advice seems to me to be a damage rather than a help." " You surprise me. What makes ycu think that way? " " In this locality we get large quantities of pollen, probably as much as is gathered in any portion of the United States, yet I have never melted up a comb on this ac- count, n r would I give a cent for the best machine that could be invented for its re- moval." " But did you never see where the bees remove it and pash it out at the entrance? And does not this show that they had too much of it? " ' ■ Some claim that, where too much pollen is stored in combs, the bees remove it and tumble it out at the entrance, as 30U speak of; but I am inclined to think that they and you mistake that which is sometimes dis- lodged from the pollen- baskets of the bees at certain hives having too small an en- trance from some reason, or an entrance- guard on, for that which is removed from the combs, as in all of my experience and careful observation I have never seen any to be thrown cut in this way unless said pollen had become moldy." " I guess you do not have as much pollen as you think you do." "We have two different periods when the bees store very much more pollen than is worked by the nurse bees into chyme for the young brood. One is during the bloom from hard maple, and the other during white-clover bloom, so you see our surplus of pollen is similar to yours." "Yes, I see. But how full do the bees fill the combs? " " I have had many combs of pollen that weighed from 4 to 4>i pounds." " That beats me. I had one comb that weighed 33+ lbs., and I said, 'If it could only have been honey! ' What do you do when you find combs so heavy with pollen as 4>^ pounds? " With such combs and times as these I often work as follows: Whenever the bees gather so much as to crowd the queen I next to the brood, and find that this ans- wers a better purpose, at less expense and work, to stimulate brood- rearing early in the spring than the feeding of rye, oat, or any meal, as is so often recommended by 1^)04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 6'A draw the frames filled with pollen back awaj' from the brood, and place such frames as ma3' contain honej' which are in the hive between these frames and the brood, thus causing' great activitj^ with the bees in changing things back as they wish them again. The result of this is the converting of both pollen and honey into brood much faster than would have resulted had things been left as they were." " I see how that would work in the maple bloom, and where colonies did not have much brood in the hive; but how about the matter when the hives are more nearly fill- ed? " " If the brood has increased enough so that this and the combs of pollen fill the hives, then the combs of pollen are taken away for the time being, and combs of hon- ey (if I have them) put in their stead. If I do not have combs of honey, then empty combs are used. If there com a few rainy or windy days at this time I find that what seemed to be a damaging- amount of pollen is all exhausted, so that the cells are once more empty or filled with eggs, as you spoke of finding- once in your colonies, as it takes large quantities of food for the brood at this season of the \ear. " " What do 3'ou do with the combs of pol- len you took out when the bees had so much? " " After apple-ble)om there is little for the bees to work on, and the surplus pollen is soon worked up into brood, and more need- ed, when I set back that which I removed, and thus brood- rearing is kept up more ef- fectually than by feeding syrup or honey, as is advised by many. I always consider plenty of pollen in the combs during the period of scarcity before clover as a great advantage." " But what about the later pollen, in time of clover-bloom? " " The pollen g-athered during the time of the clover-bloom is treated differently by the bees from that gathered earlier. The latter rarely has honey placed en top of it, while that from clover is placed in the cells till they are from half to three- fourths full, when the cell is filled with honey, and sealed over so as to preserve it against a time of need during the latter part of win- ter and early spring. Whenever I find col- onies sufi"ering from too much clover pol en I take away two or three of these combs and place them ever weak colonies to care for till all danger from moths is past, when they are stored away for winter." ' " How can you tell these combs of pollen from those not having any, after the pollen is covered with honey and the cells sealed over? " "Combs containing pollen under honey are readily distinguished from those with- out by holding them up before a strong light and looking through them." " What do you finally do with these •combs?" " When spring opens I place one of these combs in each hive (if I have that many), many bee keepers. In this way all pollen is used up to a far better advantage than the inventing of machines for its removal from the combs." " Well, I do not know but you are right." As a general rule, western comb honey should all be marketed by the first of Oc- tober. E. J. Atchley, the editor of the Southland Queen, is spending the summer at Little- ton, Colo., where he recently arrived with a full carload of Texas bees. Don't hold back the facts in regard to production. Not only is there no gain in such a policy, but positive harm is usually the result. Prices inevitably reach the nat- ural level of supply and demand. One of the severest trials of the honey- buyer is careless and incompetent grading. Every bee-keeper should seek to grade ac- cording to the established rules that govern the market where he desires to dispose of his product, do his work carefully and con- scientiously, and study it as a fine art. I wish to register most emphatically my approval of the editorial on page 537, June 1, relative to the early marketing of comb honey. The facts therein stated tally with our experience in Colorado last year, and in former years, and the advice given is sound as "old wheat." Read it again, Mr. Bee-keeper, and then paste it in your hat and read it daily until your crop is sold. If I succeed in collecting sufficient relia- ble data, I shall be able to give a fairly accurate summing-up of the western crop situation in this department for August 15. I hope that every western bee keeper who scans these lines will sit right down and write me a postal- card report for his local- ity. If the size of the crop can be known with approximate correctness, and that in- formation generally diii'used, no bee-keeper need sacrifice on his crop by holding the price either too high or too low. The United States government has at last decided to construct the Gunnison tun- nel, which will provide water to irrigate about 90,000 acres of now desert land in the vicinity of Montrose, Colo. Two years will elapse before tunnel and canals will be completed and the land reclaimed. This is 692 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 especially interesting to bee-keepers, as it means pasturage for thousands of colonies of bees. Other irrigation projects of vast proportions are under way in various parts of the West, which I will bring before the readers of this department from time to time. Fastening foundation in brood- frames with melted wax is so far superior to the wedge-and- groove method now in vogue that I am surprised to see it no more generally recommended. In Colorado the wedges shrink to such an extent, even when nailed in, that the weight of a swarm will invari- ably pull down some of the starters. When they are cemented to the frame with melt- ed wax they stay, and the operation is performed much faster than by putting in the wedges. A little tool, the Van Deusen wax-tube fastener, was constructed for this purpose, and works perfectl}'. Shallow divisible- brood-chamber hives are gradually winning their way into pop- ular favor. 1 formerly entertained a strong prejudice against them; but a trial has convinced me of their great merit; and if the system of management I am using in connection with them proves a success this season, I shall be ready to shout " Eure- ka! " Last year I hived about 25 swarms in such hives. They gave a fine crop of section honey, wintered well, and have built up nicely for this season's flow. At pres- ent writing they are storing in the supers, and have shown no inclination to swarm. I have not yet realized my friend Gill's ob- jections to "so many sticks ai d spaces." The hive I am using is two ideal supers holding ten hanging frames each. COLORADO CROP PROSPECTS NOT FLATTER- ING. At this date, July 5, I am sorry to have to write a report under the above caption; but in justice to the bee-keeping public at large, the truth must be told. The cold wet weather of early June not only delayed the blossoms but gave brood- rearing a seri- ous setback. As a consequence, many col- onies are not in condition to store in the supers. With the exception of four or five days during the week of June 26, the weath- er has continued cold, cloudy, and highly unfavorable to nectar secretion, giving a light slow flow. The first crop of alfalfa is now all cut. Sweet clover is abundant, is blooming freely, and would yield satis- factorily if weather conditions were only right. With our long season of honey- flow, there is still a chance for a pretty fair crop; so we are hoping that every day will bring the hot sunshine, so necessary to a good honey- flow. I have received a few reports from various parts of the State, and, without exception, all complain of bad weather and no nectar in the flowers. Fears are freely expressed that the crop will be a total failure. SERIOUS LOSSES OF BEES IN UTAH — WHO CAN SUGGEST A REMEDY? I have received the following communica- tion from a friend in Utah, which speaks for itself. Is this a new and strange bee- disease, or is it a very malignant type of paralysis? Possibly some purely local cause is responsible for the great mortality among the bees of that locality. Who can give us some light? There seems to be great danger in Utah of a total loss of the entire bee industry. I shall give you, as nearly as I can, the conditions, both in the past and at the present time. In this valley and in the one 50 miles north of here, called Cache Valley, there have been for many years a great many bees, both in the hands of skilled opera- tors and in the hands of many farmers and small own- ers. A year ago tbis spring there vs^ere upward of 2000 colonies ot bees lost. It was thought a year ago it was ov ing to the very cold winter weather and changeable weather in the spring; but the strange part of it is that, in some localities not any warmer, but, if any thing, co'der, the bees survived all right with scircely any loss at all. I lost last year HOO colonies of bees, and in some lo- calities in Cache Valley the e were upward of 500 colo- nies that went under; and in this valley (Salt Lake) last year there were fully 800 colonies that perished. It was thought by all those who were interested that it was due to the hard winter and cold spring, and was let go at that; but in Cache Valley a gentleman by the name of Bullock, who has been in the business at least 15 years, and had 500 colonies of bees, came through with his last year with not more than 10 per cent loss. He took excellent care of them last winter earlier than usual; but he now has but 10 per cent of his bees alive. Since I heard this I made a visit to where I had my bee-grounds, and will say in explana- tion, after loss of my entire number last year, that I went into Melal Valley, where there had been no loss at any time, and is none at the present tim- and purchased 225 colonies of very strong bees, and had them moved into Cache Valley, where I had the loss last year, and expected that I would accomplish a great deal with them; but when I heard of Mr. Bul- lock's loss in that locality I at once made an investiga- tion. I was there yesterday, and a large part of the entire 225 colonies are affected with what appears to be paralysis. While there is no trembling, they drop down in the grass in front of the hives, and are unable to fly; and thev seem to mount the grass and twigs w^ith great difficulty, and in taking them up in my hands they were unable to fly away, and, if^ thrown into the air. would drop to the ground. They seemed to have no desire even to sting. It appears to be con- tagious, for it seems to affect t certain part of a row, while another section of the row seems to be strong and swarming. A number of hives have all gone un- der. The entire yard, of course, is exposed, for the reason that a few, perhaps 20 colonies from what were left of the lot last year, were put with them without any thought of any thing being wrong, except that they were weak. I am fully satisfied now the loss last year, which would number at least 2000 colonies in Cache Valley, was due entirely to this condition. I am now anxious for some remedy to overcome this difficulty, and shall appreciate very much instructions and information which will enable me to overcome it. I have advised my partner in the business to sprin- kle powdered suphur in the hives at night. He has been using salt and water, but that does not seem to have verj' much effect. B. P. Critchlow. Ogden, Utah, June 24. REPLACING SUPERANNUATED QUEENS. The foundation for a crop of honey in 1905 may be laid now by providing each colony with a young queen, or at least weeding out all queens more than one year old. Many writers have asserted that this function may be safely entrusted to the bees; that they will invariably supersede queens when they begin to fail from old age. I have not found it to be true in ac- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 693 tual practice — at least it is not in Colorado. A safe rule to follow, and one that makes for improvement of stock, is to requeen ev- ery season; and the ideal time to attend to it is in Aug'ust, during- the flow^ from the second crop of alfalfa. The majority of our losses of bees in this country occur from queenlessness — from the failure of superannuated queen to rear a sufficient force of young bees to carry the colony through the winter. Many colonies that winter fairl}' well fail to build up for the flow, simply because their queens are old and worn out. In my own apiaries these losses constituted my entire winter loss, which amounted to fully ten per cent. I feel sure that I can practically obviate such losses in the future by a general re- queening during the August flow. This is a matter of most vital importance, but one that bee-keepers usuallv neglect — to their loss. M. A. Gill enunciated an aph- orism when he said, " Good queens put mon- ey in the bank." Certain it is, they are the foundation of all our success in apiculture. The method of requeening that I prefer, and the one that is probably best for the average bee-keeper, because of its simplic- ity, is to remove the old queen, and at the same time insert a ripe cell inclosed in a West cell-protector. It is necessary to rear at least two batches of cells, as a certain percentage of the young queens will get lost when they fly forth to mate, and cells will need to be inserted in these colonies a second time. The young queens thus secured, if care is taken in rearing the cells, will be of the very best, and will be right at their eg-g- laying zenith next May and June, when prolificness is a very desirable quality. Another important consideration: Old queens will cease laying at the cessation of the honey- flow, while queens reared lite in the summer will keep brocd-rearing going until cold weather, putting the colony in the best possible wintering condition. DRONE-LAYERS WANTED. E, F. Phillips, Ph. D., of the Universi- ty of Pennsvlvania, who, a year ago, con- ducted a series of experiments on Parthen- ogenesis, and who is with us again this summer, desires to secure at once some drone laying queens. The researches of Dr. Phillips thus far are of great value, 1 think, to bee-keepers. He has already made some important dis- coveries; and in order to complete his in- vestigations he will need some drone-laying queens. Send to us, marked "drone-lay- ers," and we will send in their place a choice laying queen. THE HONEY CROP FOR 1904. In response to our request, we have re- ceived, up to July 15, hundreds of letters from our subscribers in the central States. In a word, present indications go to show that the crop will be fair; light from clover, but abundant from basswood where that grows. For all localities in the region of the central States there has been too much rain, weather too cool, with the exception of Michigan, especially the northern part of it, where it has been very dry. A large part of the bees died last winter, and it has been so dry in the State that the rest of the bees will not.be able to do very much. The reports are somewhat meager from Illinois, and vary all the way from fair to good. Many reports have been received from Iowa showing a fair season for most local- ities, but poor in some. Pennsylvania, from present indications, will take the lead for a good honey crop this year. Reports are very meager from New Eng- land, but those received indicate a light yield. Ohio will show up fairly well. New York will probably, where there are any bees left, give a fair yield from clover, basswood, and buckwheat. Wisconsin and Minnesota will probably have a light crop. Reports from the region just south of the Ohio River are unfavorable; for during the very time when the honey- flow should have been in progress it was too cool and rainy. Most of the reports received up to July 5 and 6 were unfavorable; but the great ma- jority of them that have come in smce are very much more encouraging, the weather having turned warmer, and the rains hav- ing ceased. There is a universal agreement that there is an immense amount of white clover this season; but in many localities the yield from that source is light, which is proba- bly due to too much cool weather. But the plant has received a wonderful impetus owing to the rains, and it will probably be in bloom in many localities for a week or ten days yet. I thick I never saw so much clover in our vicinity as now. The few reports we have had from Colo- rado are not very encouraging; but Mr. H. C. Morehouse is gathering data. See his report elsewhere. Taking it all in all, it is hard to say whether the crop in the basswood and clo- ver belt will be lighter than last year or not. In some localities it will be very much worse, and in some very much better. We would request our readers to send in postal-card reports of one or two sentences, and keep sending them in, because this re- port will have to be revised for our next is- sue, and we wish to portray the conditions as i ccurately as possible. 694 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. JULV 15 A FEARFUL MORTALITY OF BEES IN UTAH. In the department of "Bee-keeping^ among the Rockies " a letter is published from Mr. B. P. Critchlow, describing a very serious malady that is destroying hundreds and perhaps thousands of colonies in Utah. We have had reports of like trouble in oth- er localities. From the symptoms given I should hardly say it was bee- paralysis. Still, it may be a peculiar forin of it. Some eight or ten years ago, after a heavy houe3'-flow I saw that there were hundreds and perhaps thousands of bees crawling around in the grass, unable to fly. They seemed to be in a hurry, and somewhat distressed; they would crawl up spears of grass, and drop down and repeat th; operation until exhausted. At the time, I thought it was the superannuated or worn- out bees that had borne the brunt of the toil of the season just then closing, and that they were the six- weeks fellows that had run out the term of their allotted days. But the fact that there were so many of them, and especially so at th^t particular season, and che further fact that we have never seen an3' thinij like it since, would go to show it was something else. If any of our correspondents or friends are able to offer any solution that will help our western friends we sh-iU be glad to have them communicate with us at once or with the parties direct. that there is no such thing as manufactured comb honej'. It is hard to get the general press to publish items refuting these lies; but they are always glad to get the work of conventions, and in connection with the report of our convention they would certain- ly publish the truth about comb honey. THE WIDE-SPREAD bELIEF IN MANUFAC- TITKED COMB HONEY. Thk average bee-keeper, perhaps, does not realize that the gr.;at m ijurity of people outside of beedom b.-ii^ve thnt comb honey is actually manufacture 1, filled with glu- cose, and cipptd over with mnchinerj'. Modern civil z ition has developed so many wonderful things that the public is reafy to believe any thinj;. So persistently have the stories about manufrCtund c mb honey been circulated, even iu journals of good reputation, that the average man or woman who does not know any thing about the business thoroughly believes them. He eats comb honey, but is pretty well satisfied that it is manufactured. Traveling men who have come to our place of business can scarcely believe us when we tell them that comb honey is not manufactured, and that we will pay $1000 for a single sample of it. These same men (and they know pretty well what is the common impression) tell rs that everybody believes that the beauti- ful combs they see in section boxes are en- tirely the work of man. I fear that the bee-keeping world does not realize the fear- ful and awful damage that this heresy is doing to their business. I wonder if the National Bee- keepers' As- sociation could not take up this matier, and discuss the best way to overcome the effect of these canards. If the matter comes up for discussion, the newspapers of St. Louis, I am sure, will be glad to give the gist of that discussion, which will show, of course. AN EXPERT YOUNG BEE-KEEPER; HOFF- MAN FRAMES IN THE HANDS OF EXTENSIVE USERS. We are having with us here Mr. F. B. Hooper, son of F. A. Hooper, of Hooper Brothers, of Kingston, Jamaica. He is a young man (only twenty years of age), but was anxious to see something of the great wide world besides the island on which he was born and reared; 'ind this wish has now been gratified by a lour through the United States and Canada. He has been sojourning here at Medina for a few weeks, helping our men in our bee-yards. I took him cut to one of our outyards to "diag- nose the bees " as I call it. It is my hab- it, early in the season, to take a hasty glance through some of the colonies for the purpose of getting a birdseye view, as it were, of the condition of the bees. After I had opened a few hives I had him help me close them up, and I could not help noting that before me was an expert bee-keeper. There was a certain something in the way in which he picked up the frames, handled the smoker, and opened and closed the hives, that showed unmistakably he had been born and reared among the bees, and knew just how to handle them. I dare say that, for a man of his age, he has extract- ed and helped to extract more honey than most 3'oung men in this or any country, in fact. He has been familiar with aver- ages of over 200 lbs. per colony. He knows what it is to handle immense crops of honey; and 1 fancy that, if he were to be here long enough, he would be able to show us some new tricks of the trade. By the waj', Hoop< r Bros, use nothing but Huffman frames for extracting. Indeed, they consider them far superior to any oth- er style. It is a mistaken notion that such frames are not adapted for hot countries, or wide spacing to get fat combs for ex- tracting. The fact that some of the largest producers in the world use them shows that they are not so difficult to handle as those who have not used them extensively suppose. Mr. Hooper remarked, after he had been here a few days, that he was suffering the awful pangs of homesickness He asked me, in a plaintive sort of way, if I knew what that was. I said I had never had that awful feeling, but I had seen those who had. Well, Mr. Hooper has seen enough of the world, and, I should judge, feels that there is co place like home; and, indeed, his home or his country is some- thing to be proud of — a climate that is ideally perfect — one that is, perhaps, the greatest paradise for bees, unless it is some portions of Cuba, in the whole world. 10r4 GI.KANIXGS IN CEE CULTURE. 69=; OVERSTOCKING A LOCALITY WITH BEES. Personal Rights of Bee-keepers; a Very Fair and Candid Statement. BY W. M. WHITNEY. Such are questions that come up occa- sionally for the consideration of bee-keep- ers. In fact, in some localities the matter seems to assume a somewhat serious phase. A person keeping bees in a given locality, by virtue of the fact of being the pioneer in the business, and, perchance, in an ordinary season, has the region sufficiently stocked, it is contended, has the moral right, and should have the legal right, to vrarn off all persons attempting to carry on the same business as trespassers from such territory. Passing over the question of the legal rights of such a person, there can be no two opinions as to what they are. Let us con- sider the ethical side of the question. As the ultimate result (the money value) is the gist of this whole matter, it does not mate- rially differ, so far as the rights between man and man are concerned, from any oth- er rural pursuit, nor, in fact, from any oth- er line of business. Suppose that seme farmer starts out on some special line of agriculture, as, for in- stance, raising potatoes I have in mind such a venture in New York, years ago. The first crop brought in the neighborhood of Si. 00 per bushel, and several times over paid for the land. Farmers all through that region caught the craze for raising po- tatoes. Those who lacked seed, the next spring bought at high prices. Potatoes sold in the fall at 18 to 20 cents per bushel. What right had these farmers to interfere with this man's special industry by glut- ting the market with potatoes? But who gave him a monopoly of this special food production to the exclusion of every other farmer? This monopoly business is just what we are all complaining about in al- most every line of business. Overproduc- tion is within the recollection of man} , of every commodity raised on the farm — grain, fruits, horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, wool, etc. Farms have been mortgaged to extend the business in hand, and lost by overstocking — by overproduction and competition. Turn on the search-light for the turpitude in any of these cases, and find the guilty per- son if you can. So it has been the world over in every line of business. Successful ventures in any branch of manufacture tend to stimulate and extend the business until overproduction follows, and, in many cases, bankruptcy is the logical sequence. Shall we run down and punish all except the pioneer in the various ventures which re- sulted in general disaster? Any rule of ethics that gives to an individual beekeep- er the exclusive right to a given territory, because he happens to be first en the ground, should give the same right to a per- son engaged in any other line of business for the same reason. Nothing would suit the monopolist better. The pioneer bee- keeper wants a monopoly of the territory, or, in other words, the business. What's the difference? To illustrate the fallacy of the position taken by those who claim a prior right, let us take a case in point as an object-lesson. Two years ago Mr. M. Ethics started bee- keeping in a fine farming region having an abundance of white clover, considerable al- falfa, and many other honey- producing plants, and no bees within se7eral miles of him. I know of just such a location now. He secured a little patch of ground for his home, on which he located 100 colonies of bees; he also secured an outyard which he stocked with another 100 colonies. Being the only person in the business, the outlook seemed all that one could desire. A large crop of fine clover and alfalfa honey was secured, and marketed at satisfactory prices as the result cf the venture; also, the colonies had increased 50 per cent; hence another outyard was established the follow- ing year. The farmers began to opea their eyes, and look about themselves, and to in- quire one of another whether they had not been stupid to let so much material wealth of the farm go to waste all these years. They began to read papers that told how to keep bees. Mr. Ethics noticed that they were stocking up all through his locality. The following is substantially Mr. Ethics' story as I get it from him through an inter- view, a la Doolittle. He said that, being the pioneer in the business, and as he had the locality fully stocked, it was ethically wrong for them to come into his territory and ruio his indus- try. He said that was the way he looked at the situation at that time. But they said to him that they were there first — in fact, were raised on their respective farms. Still, he argued that he was there first in the bee business; that the locality was ful- ly stocked, and that any increase of bees meant absolute ruin to the entire business. He said, "You ought to have seen how those farmers went for me. I didn't know but they'd have my hide nailed up on the barn to dry. the way 1 hey came at me." They insisted that they owned the land on which the blossoms grew; that they paid taxes on their property to maintain the gov- ernment; to support schools; to construct roads, etc, and could not understand why they had not the same right to furnish pas- turage for their bees as for their cattle. One man said he had just rented a fann of 200 acres about a mile and a half from Mr. Ethics' home yard, on which there was 696 GLEAXIXGS ]X DEE CULTURE. July 15 about 80 acres of very fine clover pasture; that he was moving his stock and other ef- fects, among which were 50 or more colonies of bees. Of course, he admitted that he was not first on the ground, but could not understand by what law of ethics he had not as good a right to pas'ure his bees on land he paid rent for as another had who paid nothing. Mr. Ethics told me this and much more. You knew he's a glib and smooth talker. He said it was night when he got home; that he went to -his room and shut himself in, and sat down to think, with nothing but the stillness of the night and his inward self to commune with; and, by the way, that's a pretly good practice when one wishes to do any hard thinking, and more especially when self is interested in the outcome. He said, "After thioking the matter over I came to the conclusion that, as compared with these men, my claim vanished into thin air; and if any one moved it was my busint ss to do it; yet none of them objected to my remaining and mak- ing the most of my enterprise. I said to myself, ' Every time you opened your mouth jou put your fcot in it; infdct, you've made a fool of yourself, and you'd better go way back and sit down. These men have the same moral right to keep btes for the pro- duction of honey that Ihey have 1o keep cows fjr the prcduction of butter and cheese.' " Then I said to him, "That's the right kind of talk; that's the kind of ethics I like. The bee-papers all tell the farmers to keep bees, and I think every one cf them should do so — not in a slipshod ay as many do, but in an up-to-date manner as every thing else should be done on the farm. Fruit- growing is a part of farm industry, and bees are inseparably connected with fruit- raising. I think every farmers family in the land should have lying m their center- table some good bee-journal, as well as one on fruit-growing and on general agricul- ture." Every farm with five to ten colonies of bees properly kept, with a good bee paper as a guide, would introduce one of the most interesting pursuits of rural life, and fur- nish the family one of nature's most deli- cious delicacies. Ethical rights of an in- dividual to territory, he does not own. PEDDLING HONEY. Refuting the Lies about iVlanufactured Comb Honey; An Interesting Experience. BY FRANK M 'GLADE. I was especially interested in the two ar- ticles which recently appeared in Glean- ings on the subject of selling honey — the one a failure, the other a success. I know something of the feelings of each, and de- sire to write my experience for the benefit of others. When I was a young man I went to Cin- cinnati to learn how to sell books for the " Furgerson Brothers." When 1 reported for duty he said to me, " I"m busy now; go and sell a book to that typewriter there, ' pointing to a machine on a stand in a cor- ner of the office. I stood there in silent amazement, as the real meaning cf his words came to me, that I was to go up to that inanimate thing and talk to it just as though it were capable of .comprehending what I said. If I could and would do that it would indicate that I had the material in me to make a successful book agent Well, I didn't even try it; but I received more real instruction in the few minutes I stood there than in all the rest of the two weeks I was there. I never forgot it. Last year I got a crop of honey — not a large amount for some, but large enough to make it interesting for me. When 1 got ready to sell it I went to see the commission men, but they did not seem to be interested. Then I tried the grocers; but they wanted it for almost nothing, so I said, " Mc , if you know any thing about any thing, it's honey. Go out and sell it." And so with the vision cf that old typewriter before me I pulled off my coat and went to work, and made it go nicely. I began with the comb honey, and sold direct to the consumer, in the drygoods stores and offices, to whoever would buy. I was regarded with suspicion everywhere, and found an almost universal notion that honey was adulterated, or "fix- ed up." Some expressed themselves in words, others by looks. This prejudice I saw I must remove, and so (remembering that typewriter) I set my tongue " agoin' " at such a rate and in such a way that I was soon sold out. I offered it to them at a price cheaper than they could get it for at the stores, which fact I never failed to call their attention to, yet I was getting more for it than I could get from the commission men. I would hold up a section, and say, " Gentlemen, the first day cf May that sec- tion was in the factory at Medina. The first day of June there wasn't a thing in it. There isn't a thing in it today but what my bees put there; and every thing in it is just as it was gathered by the bees from the flowers. I guarantee it to be genuine white-clover honey, free from any adultera- tion whatever, gathered by my own bees. You can do as you please about taking it, as I would just as lief have the honey as the money, for I can get the money for the honey. ' ' Whenever I saw it was prudent, I would talk "bees" — their habits; the queen, drones, workers; their age, how fed, length of time to hatch, construction of comb, etc. They would listen interestedly, and seemed to have confidence in what I said. When they would mention " manufactured hon- ey," that would give me a new line that I would run along like this: " No, gentlemen; I know of no such fac- tory— do you? If it is manufactured, it is not honey. If it is honey, it is not manu- factured. Honey is the pure nectar from the flowers, which can be gathered only by 1904 GLEANINGS IN RF.E CULTIRR. 697 the bees. There is an offer of one thousand dollars at Medina, Ohio, to any man who will produce one pound of artificial comb honey. The offer has been open for 3'ears, and never taken, because it can not be done. ' ' When I started in on the extracted honey, that was almost another thing. They were sure that was adulterated. I had some trouble to find a jar to suit me all right. I first tried Mason quarts, but they were too heavy. Then I tried the pints; but they did not suit. I finally found a clear-glass jar, made by the Fed- eral Glass Co., with a screw cap, costing 30 cts. per dozen, which I could sell for 25 cts., which seems to suit all around. This company sells only in carload lots; but they let me have what 1 wanted, and I have come to the conclusion that the best way to get what 3'ou want is never to want what 3 ou can't get. The first thing I did was to give a jar to the State C/iemist, which he analysed and made a record cf. For a label I had the words "Honey, Frank McGlade, Pataskala,0.," printed on white paper. It looks nice and clean. Then I went at it again. They would ask why I had it in that shape. Then I would explain the cost of comb, that certain conditions prevailed in an apiary during a honey-flow that made it profitable to extract it. One asked, " How did you ret the comb out of this honey? " I replied, " We don't take the comb out of the honey, but take the honey out of the comb by cen- trifugal force, and return the combs to the hives to be refilled by the bees." I worked at it all winter in the stores and offices. It was too cold to make a house-to- house canvass, but I could go into one of those large buildings and work for hours, ;ind be comfortable. I met the smartest men in the cit3', and was always treated courteously. I wrapped each jar in clean paper, and folded the ends neatly, as I had seen druggists do. The average business man dislikes to be seen carrying a pack- age; but most of them will do it if it is in a neat shape. I dressed neatl3', which at- tracted attention, and gave me audience many times. Sometimes I would enter an < ftice, and, softly approaching the nearest man, would say, " Did 3 ou say you wanted some pure white-clover honey? " He would look around, and I would watch his face to see him; thinking if he had told any one he did he would finally get togeth- er with "No, I didn't." Then 1 would go to work. Another time I would enter an office in which a dczen or more would be working, and begin talking in a low voice, until finally some one would look around and say, " What have 3'ou got? " Then I would say out loud, "Honey! the sweetest thing in the world — except my wife." That would cause the girls to smile, and take a second look at me, and — buy some honey. In an architect's office where half a doz- en men were bending over their work, too busy to look at me, I watched them a few minutes, when I said, "Gentlemen, straight- en up: take a long breath and a moment's rest while I show you a structure that, for architectural design and econom3' of space, the builders have never been excelled." Of course they listened to me and bought some honey. One thing I heard so much it got to be old, was, " Don't you feed the bees glucose and such things, and then sell it for hon- ey?" which always brought forth a snap- py "No, sirl " Some would insist it was done, when I would challenge them for the proof; and if they weie too insinuating I would den3' it, for the simple reason that those who could do such a thing wouldnH; and those who would, canH. Then I would explain the process of feeding bees, show- ing them why and what we fed for; that a bee-keeper's professional pride led him to produce pure honey rather than the accu- mulation of money in a fraudulent way ; that they were " honest," " and," as Bro. Gar- dener, of the Limekiln Club said, "conse- quently very poor." Another question I was often a-ked, " Did you make this honey? " I would ans- wer, " No, sir; the Lord made it, and made the bees to gather it, and gave me sense enough to get it. How many jars did 30U say you wanted? " I learned some things as I went along. One was, the lack of knowledge of bees and honey. I met only two persons who had read a work on bee-keeping, and they had read "Maeterlinck." I am convinced that honey is not a com mercial article, such as sugar, beans, and corn, but is a specialty requiring different methods for its sale. It is more of a luxu- ry which would be indulged in more if men were sure it was pure honej'. Whenever I could sell a jar to a man my labors were over, as he would usually greet me the next time with " Say, bring me another jar of that honev," and nearly every mail brings requests for it. One postal lies before me, received to day, asking for 6 jars. I sold hundreds of pounds, and collected every cent. Some paid in advance. The Hart- man Sanitarium took 40 lbs. ; a hotel 50 lbs. Barbers bought more liberally than any other trade. A traveling salesman overheard me talk- ing in a piano store. He bought 6 jars, which I put up in a box and shipped to him to his home in New York city. Another had 4 jars sent to his home in Pittsburg, and so I might go on, but this is enough. I should like to say something about com- mission men, but hardly know how to say it. All winter I had my e3'e on the honey displayed by them. It was all comb. If there was any extracted I failed to see it. I have come to this conclusioa: I would rather have my honey at home than to have it there. I believe I could take better care of it, sell it quicker, and get more for it. Commission men do not create a dem nd — 698 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. JULV 15 they only supply one already created. If I sent my honey to a commission house I should feel like coing- something- to create a demand for it. There is a demand for ap- ples, oranges, bmanas, cabbag^e, and the like, from hundreds of dealers, because they are necessary articles of food; but you put a lot of honey down along^Side of such things, with only such demand as comes from the grocers, and with the commission man loath to push it frcm lack of knowl- edg-e of its virtues and merits, it is readily outclassed. Honey is a specialty, and in a class by itself; and the almost universal suspicion of adulteration has a tendency to keep it there. This prejudice I tried to break down, and feel that I succeeded with most I talked to, and feel that I did more to enlig-hlen the people on the mysteries of the bee than perhaps ever was done before by one man in the city of Columbus. I don't know of any better or cheaper way to clear away these doubts than for every bee-keep- er who has honey to sell to go in and sell it himself, right at home where he is known; stand square on your feet, tell them what you know about bees, and you are bound to succeed. That blessed old typewriter! I wonder where it is. No doubt it has long- since been consigned to the scrap pile, or has be- come reincarnated in a more modern one, presided over by some pretty blue eyed girl with a pencil in her hair and a pink sack; but it will never do a more noble deed than the silent lesson it taught that country boy more than twenty years ago. Pataskala, Ohio. [There is no possible doubt but that the stories about manufactured comb honey have done a fearful damage to the honey business. See editorial on this subject elsewhere. — Ed ] BEE-KEEPING IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA. Fred M. Hart and His Apiaries. BY TRANSIENT. FOUL-BROOD INSPECTOR FRED M. HART AT HIS HOME IN THE SUBURBS OF HANFORD, CAL. Early in March of this year the writer had the pleasure of meeting many promi- nent apiarists of Central California at their Central California Beekeepers' Associa- tion in Hanford. As was natural, he in- quired into things apicultural. At this time but an inch or two of rain had fallen, and all agreed that it would be a very poor year for bees in this part of California. Since then we are told the honey crop is a failure. Many were feeding then to keep bees alive, when, usually, honey would be coming in. The present foul- brood inspec- tor, Fred M. Hart, of Hanford, took us in charge, and, in his light rig, soon had us viewing the apiaries in the locality near- est Hanford. At his fine country residence shown, we were made welcome by his wife. She is interested in all he does, and spoke of E. R. Root's visit when on a trip to California. Mr. Hart's little boys are bee-men too, or think they are. The home they entertained >ou in has since burned to the ground. In the views shown in the large plate ( except the top one ) can be seen our friend in his out-api- aries. He, too, expects no crop, but goes. on with their care in true bee-keeper style, keeping them in good condition for an- other season. In the top view of the large plate he is seen on one of his tours of inspection for foul brood. He is experiment- ing with formaldehyde being aided by a retired army doctor who has had experience with its use as a disinfectant. As his locality is overstocked he has his bees in five different yards; but with the aid of one man he gets around to them all. Mr. and Mrs. Hart are seen in front of their home in the view, and their hearty welcome given a stranger bee - keeper will ever be remembered b^ me. [I remember with very much pleasure the delightful visit I had with the Harts at their beautiful home near Hanford. These people are among the few ■^^0i miL^M W.v. FOUL-BROOD INSPECTOR I RED M. HART ON A TOUR OF INSPECTlO.s; HIS OUT VAR-'S. 7U0 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Ji LY 15 bee keepers in the United Sta'es wh^ ob- tain their sole means of livelihood from bees. They are all bee-keepers, and intenselv in- terested in every thin^ that pertains to their favorite pursuit At the time of my visit, trouble was .brewing- over the pear blig-ht situation. The pear growers had threatened to prison th bees if the bee-keepers did not remove them from the vicinity of the orchards, and matters were becoming somewhat strained. I remember particularly with what ap- prehension Mrs. Hart looked upon the sit- uation. Here they had built up a beauti- ful home, had a fine bee-rang^e, and every thing was going- on lovely; and now to feel that they did not have a right to conduct their business on a live-and-let-live princi- ple was not pleasant. Well, as our read- ers know, a compromise was effected at that time, and since then I believe the pear-growers are not as ready to accuse the bees of the spread of the blight. Mr. Hart and others for one season, as an ex- CUBA AS A BEE COUNTRY. A Few Mistakes Corrected. BY C. K. WOODWARD. I beg permission to correct a few mis- takes I have noticed of late that have crept iuto Gleanings. It is not to be supposed that any editor of a bee journal is a revised and enlarged walking encyclopa;dia with a patent index, therefore it is nothing strange that misconceptions should find their way into the columns of good old Gleanings. But be that as it may, I wish to say that Cuba as a honej' country, taking one year with another, in my judgment can not be excelled in regard to producing a good crop of hoae3' here. It requires just as much good judgment and experience as any where in the world. One may produce a crop of honey a little easier here than in some oth- er countries, but it needs intelligence just the same. AN OUT-APIARY OF KRED M. HART. periment, moved all the bees from the im- mediate vicinity of the orchards during the time they were in bloom. This, so far from accomplishing any good result, did not af- fect the blight either way. It continued to spread just the same. Insects and wild bees that were beyond control of man, it was demonstrated, would scatter the virus from tree to tree; and the presence of the bees under domestication did not material- ly affect the situation. Mr. Hart, from what I know of him, would make a go:d foul-brood inspector. He is tactful, and enjoys the respect, not only of the bee-keepers, but even of the rabid fruit-growers, for he, together with myself and some other bee-keepers, visited a number of them. All of them greeted our friend most cordially. With regard to the treatment with for- maldehyde, I should like to have Mr. Hart some time at his leisure tell us how suc- cessful he has been with it. — Ed.] The writer has at this moment several apiaries in mind where cheap native Cu- bans are at the head of them; and what is the result? I will tell you. It is no honey, lots of foul brood, and destruction. Once these were fine up-to-date American apia- ries— thousands of dollars thrown away for the sake of saving a few dollars at the time in employing cheap Cubans. On the other hand, the native will never make a good apiarist. As a rule they are illiterate. The most of them can not read, and of course that holds one back. Another thing, they try to see how little work they can do in the longest time. But, of course, all this will chauge in time. The expert produces large crops, keeps out foul brood, keeps his bees strong, put his honey on the market in better and more attractive form, and gets better prices for his labor performed. As a rule the natives know nothing about the production of comb honey, and they are sure to put off for to-morrow what they 19(14 CILKAXIXGS IN UFA-. CUL'I UK !•: 7il should do to-daj', and that will not do in the beekeeping^ business. 1 presume some of the men who discuss and encourage na- tive hibor believe in low- priced men and high priced wax. I say, if a man is proud of his apiarj' he will have ever^ thing in the best of order — every comb built on full sheets of foundation, and every frame well wired — American hives, American labor, American frames, and Cuba will do all the rest. I here ask Mr. A. I. Root to point out every fault that he saw in my api- ary while at my house. It will not hurt my feelings a bit to have every fault he saw go into print; and I hope, after he sums them all up in order, that he will come and make me a much longer visit than he did the first time. Of course, I am thankful for the one he did make me; but if he will come I feel sure I can prove every word to him that I write here. Moreover, there is plenty of room here in Cuba for good American api- arists. There is always plenty of room at the top. A g-ood man can come here and make good money in the bee business; but, of course, he must know what he wants and then go ahead. I have taken as much as 300 lbs. of very nice comb honey from only one colony in an average year; but, under- stand, I do not say that all colonies will produce that much; but I do say that Cuba is a fine country for honey; in fact, it is the natural home of the honey bee. I also see statements in bee- journals that foul brood is everywhere in Cuba. That is not true. All disease is caused by man. The same holds good with foul brood. A good apiarist will not allow foul brood to remain in his apiary verj' long; and as re- gards insects, they are not to be thought of in comparison with some States in America. Guanabana, Cuba. [When I visited friend Woodward's api- aries I was a good deal discouraged at the trouble we had had with robbing in our own apiary at Paso Real, and also at the difficulty we had in queen- rearing-. I have since had reason to believe that a great deal of our trouble there was on account of having the apiary too clean, and the hives arranged with too much mathematical ac- curacy. They were just alike in color and situation; all the grass and weeds were cleaned out until the whole thing was ex- posed to the full blaze of the sun. This did very well in January and February; but as the sun got warmer it did not an- swer. Friend Woodward's home apiary is under the shelter of large trees. In fact, the sun hardly gets down to the ground at all. Besides these tall trees there are vari- ous bushes, perhaps higher than one's head, trimmed up so as to be out of the way of the apiarist; but the ground aiound the hives is almost as clean and smooth as at Paso Real. I can not think of a thing to criticise or find fault with in that home apiary. It was really a revelation to me. Friend W. opened his hives without a bit lants taken up in Warren Co last July, and set out here during the hottest weathi r we had. I also planted a pe;k of seed pro- cund from 3 our house. I have had no trou- ble at all in getting a fine .'tiind, and now it is a solid mass of blo^n s which are covered with bees. I will say for the benefit of Dr. Miller, 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 70S that, two years ag'o, I planted half an acre in alfalfa, which grew rank and pro- duced considerable honey. I made this statement in Gleanings a year or two ago. I had no trouble at all in getting it to grow, and the bees gathered considerable honey from it. The only trouble I had was in getting rid of it. In fact, there is some of it here still, and likely to remain. Walter L. Womble. Raleigh, N. C, June 20. [Friend Womble is an enthusiastic ama- teur; and when I say " amateur " I mean one who has come to be an expert from mere love of the art. We have many such among the professional men and suburban- ites, and it is these people who, because of their "pull" with the press, are going to help us put down the sensational canards about comb honey. But our correspondent is silent regarding the lady who helps to adorn the picture. I assume that she is the " better half," and, if so, friend Womble's "right-hand man." No wonder the honey is nice. — Ed.] CUBAN BEE KEEPER GETS INTO TROUBLE WITH THE AUTHORITIES. Mr. George Plant, private secretary to the British Minister, and who is an ama- teur apiculturist, has lately had a sad ex- perience with bees which ought to be a warning to any intending bee- men who ex- pect to come to Cuba and go into bee- rais- ing. Mr. Plant has had his bees in the little town of Guanabacoa, a surburb of Havana, and which is reached by the ferry across the bay. There is a municipal law which is in force in nearly all the small towns of Cuba, where bees are classified as " fierce animals," and that no bee-man can lo- cate a ranch nearer than about one fourth to one-half a mile from a town. There was a candy and sweet factory in Guanabacoa, and the man brought a chunk of candy to the ma} or, in which were embalmed a goodly number of poor bees, with the re- quest that the mayor enforce the law. So our bee man was dulj' notified of the law, and told to move within thirty days, under penalty of a fine of S5.C0. Being unable to find a location, and wanting to have his ranch near by so that he could attend to the bees himself after business hours, he neglected to move within the specified time, and the fine was accordingly assessed. Then the ranch was moved, when Mr. Plant, hearing of a possible put chaser in town, moved them back to the old location to show the ranch ofif to belter advantage. The purchaser did not turn up. and the usual fine was then assessed; and now as this gentleman can not get rid of the bees, and is not able to get his old location back, as the owner now has use of the land, the poor bees will meet an untimely death by suff )3ation. 1 would jast so'ind a note of warning to any intendiag bee 1 ecpers who may want \o settle here. Don't get too near the toA'ns or villages through the country, without making all inquiries necessary beforehand, or you may be compelled to move just at the beginning of the honey-flow or an equally inconvenient time. This apiarist now has a number of supplies to sell cheap, and is going to give up bee keeping as a pastime. L. Maclean de Beers. Havana, Cuba, June 22. safford's extracting-frame for un- finished sections. I herewith send a sketch of a very handy frame for holding partly filled sections while extracting. The frames (one for each side of the extractor) should be made of :?-sXlinch stuff, and should be made '4 inch larger inside than the exact size that the sections would require, in order that the sections may slip in and out freelj'. For 4XX4X sections, make itS^+XlTj^ in- side. As the illustration shows, the frame is made in two sections, and hinged together so it will open and close like a book. The strips shown are of heavy tin "^4 inch wide, nailed on the outside of the frame at proper distances to hold the sections inside. To operate the frame, open it and set it up in front of the uncapping-box; uncap the sections and place them in the frame. When full, close the frame and handle it the same as an ordinary brood- frame. This is the handiest arrangement I have seen for this work. Salem, N. Y. E. Y. Safford. [Your extracting-frame for unfiaished sections will work satisfactorily ; but a simple frame of the width of the section used, and just large enough to take in four, will be just as good, or better, and much cheaper. There is no advantage in having the frame made in two parts hinged to- gether, other than that the sections will be held in place better. But a simple frame, 706 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. JULV 15 if handled carefull}-, will prove to be just as good in every way, and easier to get the sections in and out cf. I see our artist has made jour frame hold six sections instead of four. The former would not go in an ordinary standard ex- tractor.—Ed. don't losp: your swarms; a successful SWARM- catcher; also a swarm ING- TRAP. It is common in the large apiaries of Cal- ifornia for six or even twelve swarms to come out at a time. I have known of their doing this once, and alighting in one pile. I have also been bothered with an occasional aft- er-swarm going into several different hives, resulting in the loss of one or more queens. Last season, therefore, I made a swarm- catcher which consisted of a frame 30X14X 10 inches in size, with the sides covered with wire cloth. The board cover for the top was removable, while the bottom was nail- ed fast and chamfered on one side to allow a ^-inch bee-space from the hive into the swarm catcher. A strip of wood an inch wide, along the entire length of the swarm- catcher, extended the bee-space into the in- closure. I then took two pieces of wire cloth 3 inches wide and 14 inches long, and tacked one on each side of 4 strips of wood, YiX^i inch, by 3 inches long, making a bee-space ^X14 inches. This I put in front of the bee- space before mentioned, so that the bees, in passing into the swarm- catcher, traveled horizDntally one inch, then upward 3 inches, between the two pieces of wire cloth. I fasten this device in front of the hive by means of a string from the up- per part of the catcher to the head of a wire nail bent like a fish hook, and with the point sharpened, which will catch on to the back of the hive. This nail should not be attached to the cover or super, for they sometimes come of¥ when a large swarm goes in. I had two last year, and hived about fifty swarms with them, with only one partial failure; for one swarm was partly out when I put it on, and about half of the bees settled in a tree. Af :er fifteen or twenty minutes the swarm is all in, and the bees quiet. I even fix a hive in ihe shade of one of my trees, take mj' swarm which is secure in the catcher to the hive, remove the cone from the catcher, and shake the bees out in front cf the hive in the usual manner. Or, if I am in the midst of some work that I want to finish I can set the swarm in the shade until ready to hive it. Scmetimes, when I have had them both in use at the same time a third swarm would come out and alight on (he outside of one catcher; but it is an easy matter to brush those on the outside in front of an empty body, and then hive the other a few rods distant. There are a good many advantages in the catcher, the most important of which is that over the old way of letting the bees choose their own place to cluster. This is especially true where there are tall trees, or when the apiarist is a lady, or when the bees are left in charge of a younger mem- ber his family. J. M. Mack. San Diego, Cal. [Swarm-catchers similar to this have been illustrated at various times. There is no question but that they serve a very useful purpose at times; but the chief diffi- culty is to get to the hive that is casting a swarm in time to catch the bees. — Ed.] PHILLIPS' hive-tool AND BEE-ESCAPE. In Gleanings for Feb. 15 I notice a hive- tool and an escape pictured and described; and as I think my inventions in those lines- are superior, I send ycu herewith sketches and descriptions of them. The hive-tool I find indispensable, and never go to my hive without it. I made a wooden model and took it to the smith, who forged it in steel and tempered it. I then ground and filed it up myself. End B is brought to an edge Section through f B all round, and is used to separate hive-bod- ies, frames, etc., and for levering frames- together at the bottom. As a lifting-hook, put down between the frames, turn the hook under the top-bar, and "up she comes." The extreme end is squared for % inch, and makes a good screwdriver. End A is sharpened to a chisel edge, but not so sharp as to cut the hand, and corners just round- ed off. It answers as a scraper for the tops of the frames and bottom-boards, to re- move brace- combs, propolis, etc. When placed between the tops of the frames and end B, and swept gently round, the tightest frames must part. It also makes a ham- mer. Other uses will occur to the user. As for the escape, I think the sketch will be clear. Place the bottom- board; pile hives of supers on, with board on top; put 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 707 a piece of wire cloth ag-ainstthe front of the hi/e or super, and blocks against the wire cloth. Bees will climb up the groove, and fly away. They or others coming about can not get in or choke the entrance. Every bee will be out in a few hours. If the entrance in the bottom-board and blocks car) not be used, tack wire cloth to the front of the hive, seeing that bottom and •side edges are bee proof. William J. Phillips. Moouta, South Australia. [This hive-tool, doubtless, will prove very excellent; but usually I prefer something smaller that can be held in the hand all the while when one is workirg with bees and combs. An all purpose tool is some- times too much of a good thing. The bee-escape will work satisfactorily when robbers are not bad; but you may rest assured it would not take verj' long for them to find their way down through it into the hive or super. — Ed.] pearklight; the ranchmen and the bees; a correction. On page 588, June 15, I see a statement that is very misleading to one who knows any thing of the circumstances. The fact of the case is, they did go around to see if the ranchmen would dispose of their bees, and found some 500 colonies. They did not buy any, and none have been removed from the valley, and we have but little blight to speak of. Now, if we were to try the re- moval of the bees from the valley it would be a big undertaking, as the cedars on the sides of the mountains are full of wild bees, and it would be hard to get all of them. I think that this season will prove to the ranchmen it is not the bees that spread the blight, and they will have to look for some other cause. B. F. Cowgill. Paonia, Col., June 27. BEES poisoned BY SPRAYING; BEE- STINGS IN A queen's body. During the fruit-bloom the Omaha bee- keepers suffered severe losses on account of This stack of alfalfa hay is some 600 ft. lone: and as high as inen and machinery can make it. over 900 feet long. It is on the Reservation farm near I,ovelocks, Nevada. There is one here 708 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 spraying'. Aug. C. Davidson lost 60 colo- nies out of the 70 that he successfully win- tered. Mr. Lorensen, of Albright, lost 30 colonies out of 35, others report from 50 to 80 per cent losses. My loss is an even 50 per cent. Eight years ago, according to Mr. Davidson's statement, the Omaha bee- keepers suffered a similar loss. Mr. Da vidson informs me of a number of instances where he has found one or more bee stings remaining in the body of " balled " queens. Mr. Davidson is the veteran bee-keeper in this locality. I am very much pleased with the new de- partment added to Gleanings, the " West- ern." J. A. Jacobsen. Omaha, Neb. BEES POISONED BY SPRAYING; NO OHIO LAW AGAINST SPRAYING. Is there a law in this State against spray- ing' fruit in bloom? I lost so many bees from this cause this spring that there were not enough left in the hives to cover the brood, and it died in the cells, and I am not getting any surplus yet, although white clover is in full bloom. Some colonies were so strong that I should have gotten some surplus from apple and locust. I warned the man who did the spraying before he began, and he has told me since that he consulted the prosecuting attorney of this county, who told him that there is no such law in Ohio. Is he right? Belpre, O. C. C. Miller. [There is no law in Ohio against spray- ing trees while in bloom, and there is real- ly nothing that you can do. We shall have to get such a law. In the meantime I would suggest that you move your bees away from the vicinity of the man who sprays his trees. If he is of ugly temperament there is real- ly nothing you can do except to "grin and bear it," or move your bees away during the time of year while be is spraying. I would suggest that, during fruit-bloom, you put them on a wagon and move them off a couple of miles, and then, after the spray- ing season is all over, move them back again. — Ed.] CALIFORNIA LIZARDS GUILTY AS CHARGED. As regards lizirds killing bees, p. 553, 1 say yes. If one kind of lizard will do it, then all kinds will so long as they have ac- cess to the bees. I lost six young queens by them this spring. I have seen them catch six or seven bees in less than ten minutes, and it seems to me they know they are in mischief. They dodge under the hive, and run to another one, and watch me from the corner. I have seen them catching bees by the thorax. I saw a lizard stung in its mouth, and you should have seen the fuss he made. In the morning and evening they are after the bees the most. I think the shot-gun is the best to rid them with. I have an eld muzzle loader, as that suits the best for that purpose, as you can make two shots out of one — that is, make two shots out of one regular charge. I use the fine bird shot; but I have this much to say, that, outside of the beeyard, I do not like to see lizards molested. Peach Tree, Cal. B. Schnuchel. RIPENING HONEY AFTER IT IS EXTRACTED. I found one of my hives was filled with honey nearly all capped, so I extracted a large lard-can full and one gallon over from that hive. Is there any special way to handle the honev, since it is not seasoned 3'et, or just let it stand in the can till win- ter? Wm. J. Roos. New Hanover, Pa., June 29. [If the honey extracted is a little green, and it may not be, it may be ripened by putting into shallow pans in a dry hot place. It should be allowed to s'and about a month. — Ed.] KEROSENE OIL TO CHECK ROBBING. Bees have stood the winter well so far. The honey crop was fine with most bee- keepers in this county. I had 21 colonies last season; got 200 gallons of strained hon- ey and 104 lbs. comb honey. Common ker- osene oil will check the worst case of rob- bing that I ever saw. Just rub a little around the crevices and in front of the hive. Did any of j'our writers ever try it? Enloe, Tex. W. F. Chambliss. 1 vas Jg lucK , gint it ' | Vos It a bee, or 5ome of dose live vires.' 1»»04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 709 A GLIMPSE OF THE LITTLE i:.EAN-TO GREEN- HOUSE AND COLD-FRAME I HAVE BEEN TELLING YOU ABOUT. SEE P. 453, MAY 1. I think the pictures will make it very plain how my little greenhouse is con- structed. It is made so as to cover two windows that open into the cellar or base- ment. The cheese cloth used for shading- during the hottest part of the day, that rolls up on curtain rollers, can be seen plainly in the picture with the greenhouse open. In the other picture these curtains are shown, drawn down so as to shade the glass. The side ventilators are not yet operated by ventilating machinery. In fact, during the summer time they with the south end sash are taken entirely off and stored away. There is a single path Through the middle of the house, having brds nearly three feet wide on each side of the path. The entrance is near where I stand holding the south end sash. The hot water pipes run up one side of the path ana down the other. They are the same pipes that warm our heme, and seem fully adequate to keep up the temperature during the latter part of the winter. In case this should not te sufficient, however, I can warm it further by means of exhaust steam coming frcm the factory. In one of the pictures you see a similar c/ol/i covered strudure. This is for very hardy plants in the winter, and for tender plants later on. The cloth cover swings up, as you see, against the window above. There is one window leading from this cold- frame into the cellar. These openings in- to the basement are very valuable in equal- izing the temperature whenever it would be otherwise too warm or too cold. Such a cloth - covered frame can be made very cheaply. At the present writing, July 1, this cloth-covered frame is a perfect bouquet of geraniums, foliage plants, and a great variety of beautiful flowers. When I re- turned home after an absence of about four weeks, I raised my hands in wonder and admiration, and gave a shout of surprise at the brilliant and gorgeous display it had put on during my absence. If the wo- men-folks who read Gleanings could see it just now, I am afraid their husbands would have no peace until they made them something similar. This cloth covering en- ables us to keep many plants weeks or months later in the fall without injury than we could do without it. GINSENG, MUSHROOMS, ETC. Look out for ginseng and mushroom com- panies that tell you how you can make a great amount of money with only a little labor and only a very little land or cellar room. Especially look out for the compa- nies that promise to buy all you can raise, at a fixed price, no matter what the price is. Do not undertake to grow ginseng, or mushrooms either, until you have visited some honest man who is making a success of the business. I am obliged to keep talk- ing about ginseng because so many women in moderate circumstances are continually asking if I think it is true that /key can THE L,ITTLE I,EAN-TO GREENHOUSE I HAVE BEEN TELLI^'G VOU ABOUT; ALSO A GLIMPSE OF MY COLD-FRAME FOR FLOWERS, WITH THE CANVAS DOWN. 710 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 support themselves by sfrowing- g-inseng- in their little gardens. While it is possible that this may be done, I would much rather advise the growing of lettuce or other staple g-arden stuff that will sell in your own market; and until our doctors find that gin- seng has some medical value, I do not think it a very respectable business, for men or women either, to encourage a heathen super- stition. If the intelligent physicians of the United States and the rest of the world can discover by repeated tests that ginseng has a commercial value in medicine, it would be a different thing; but so far, even the pamphlets and advertisements from those who offer seed and plants for sale have been unable to scrape up anj' thing worth mentioning- in regard to its real value in materia niedica. Prof. L. A. Clinton, Director of Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, Connecti- cut, says: I have investigated carefully the ginseng industry of Central New York, having visited many gardens, and I am certain there is no profit whatever for the ordinary farmer. If one desires to purchase a few ginseng seeds, or, better yet, a few ginseng roots, to VIEW OF THE SAME GREENfHOUSE WITH VENTILATORS AIX OPEN AND SDUTH SASH RE- MOVED, AS WE HAVE IT IN SUMMER TIME. MY CIvOTH COVERED COLD FRAME WITH THE COVERING RAISED. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 611 experiment with, he will probably receive informa- tion enough to pav him for the money expended; but he should not be disappointed if he receives no returns from his investment, and he should charge up the money spent as tuition for his education. isY, J4.;l. root: For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and cleave to his wife; and they twain shall be one flesh, so then they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. — Mark 10: 7, 8, )'. In a recent daily I saw a notice that, during- a certain length of time in Cleve- land, there had been 120 marriages, but during- the same period there had been 116 divorces. All the religious denominations of our land, and the entire clergy, are pro- testing ag-ainst this g-i owing evil of divorce. It is striking- rig-ht directly at the vitals of society and good government. It is break- ing- up the homes. In homes where there are no children the matter may not be so bad; but where one or more children are obliged to be present, they become wit- nesses of discord and disagreement between father and mother. This example and ob- ject-lesson will be apt to follow them all through life. May God help me while I undertake through these Home papers to put forth a protest and to offer a remedy for the disease that threatens this God- given institution of marriage. Our text gives a remedy, and they are the words of the dear Savior. PVjr this cause— that is, in order that a new home may be started — shall a man leave h s father and mother. Heretofore the father and mother have been the most important personages in the world to this young man; but when he comes to the point of choosing some good girl for his wife, as soon as the marriage ceremony is performed he breaks away from his father and mother, and cleaves to his wife. His relation to her is a nearer one than to either father or mother; and when it comes to the point, if such a point ever does come, of choosing between father and mother and the new wife, may God give him grace and wisdom to stand by the wife and hold her up, and let the father and mother go. Yes, if need be to preserve the relation of hus- band and wife unhindered, let him bid good by to the father and mother; and I firmly believe there are times when it is best to go away somewhere. By all means vis t the old folks occasionally, and re- member your parents; but if, in your opin- ion, too many visits or immediate proximity to the parental home in any way interferes with the perfect union and love of yourself and wife, then go away together where you two can have peace, tranquillity, and happiness. Let me say to the parents, do not undertake to "boss" the young people too much If they are going to make blunders, advise as well as you can; btit when they seem inclined to prefer their own way, do not interfere. Let them learn by experience, as you fathers and mothers did years ago. Now I am going a little further. If there is a family of grown- up children, let me suggest to those children not to be over- anxious about taking care of father and mother. If they seem disposed to take care of themselves in their old fashioned ways, let them do so. At one period in my life I persuaded my parents to leave the farm, come to town, and "take things easy." Mother stood it very well. Bless the dear old soul, she was a/ways happy, and would be happy anywhere; but not so with father. He was like a fish out of water. He be- came blue and discontented and unhappy, and we finally decided all around it was a mistake to persuade him to leave the farm. As the farm was not sold they went back to it, and lived alone with the calves and chickens, garden and orchard, and found peace and happiness in their old age. In a like manner, Mrs. Root and myself in that cabin in the woods have enjoyed our- selves and the untrameled liberty it gave ' us — I was going to say as much as we did when we were first married; but that v\ould not be true, for we enjoyed being alone— I feel almost tempted to say a hundred times more than when we were first married, al- though we were a very loving couple when we first started out together. You ma}' have surmised that I am coming over into the "mother-in-law" business; and while I feel like defending the mothers- in law, and have defended them heretofore, I believe a good many of them have un- wittingly made trouble between the young husband and his wife. Not long ago a mother-in-law, while in the young wife's own home, said something like this. Of course, they had been having a jangle: " Well, what did you bring to my son, any way? You came here but little better than a pauper. " Why, my dear friends, just think how that faithful young wife must have been stung and cut to the quick by such talk ! I suppose some of the women readers will say they would have "fired" the old lady out of the front door or back door in double- quick time. But this young wife was wiser. She took it meekly and patiently. The husband came in soon after; and when he could not quiet his mother "by gentle means he took her by the hand and led her out of his own home and took her to her own home. He came to the point where he had to choose between the wife and mother. He did a manly thing — in fact, the only thing for a man to do, in standing by his wife (according to our text) and putting his own mother outdoors — of course, by gentle means — when she would not be civil to the wife of his choice. I knew this wife quite intimately. She has not only always 612 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 been a meek, inoffensive, and lovable young^ woman, but a most indefatigable worker, not only indoors, in her domestic affairs, but out in the garden and on the farm, when work wasgreatly crowding. I recommended at once tha*; the young people plant their own home at least several miles away; but the son and father were working the farm together, and it seemed a very hard matter to dissolve their business relations. Another young man has or had a sickly wife, and he was brute enough to keep throwing it up to her during her sickness thai shg was a "bill of expense, " and even figured up how much she had earned since he had married her, and how much her doctors' bills had cost him. Poor fellow ! What a poor comprehension he had of the middle verse of our text — "and they twain shall be one flesh"! Think for a moment of a husband who can say to his wife, "It has cost me so and so to hire doctors and care for you while you were sick; and you have not all together, since you and I have been married, earned a fourth of that amount." Then the fellow had the cheek after that to suggest that she go home and staj' with her father till she was well, letting the father bear the expense of her sickness. If she got well enough to be of some use, she might come back and be his wife again. What a comprehension of the marriage relation I The young woman went home to her father, but I believe she has no expectations of ever going back. She may have been at fault. I do not i-now any thing about that; but there is usually fault on both sides. I suppose it is possible that, if she had preserved a Christian spirit, and prayed for her hus- band daily — perhaps prayed with him and worked hard to earn his love — he might have been pulled out of his awful ungener- ous and unmanly selfishness. The trouble is, too many women would say such a man could never be made any better; but where even one of the two is a professing Chris- tian, and is full of the Holy Spirit, great wonders may be done — yes, even like chang- ing the leopard's spots as the prophet Jere- miah expresses it. During Mrs. Root's recent sickness, one day when she was getting better I leaned over and whispered to her, "You are a dear old girl." I remember the smile that came on her face as she replied, "Yes, I am beginning to think so myself." I did not exactly catch on; but when she added something about two nurses and four doc- tors, I saw she was worrying about the expense it made to get her well. But, thank God, such a thought never entered my mind. It is not always the mother in-law. The father in-law or other relatives may stir up discord between man and wife. The last verse of our text says, "What God hath joined together, let not man put asunder." I suppose it includes the thought, let no man put asunder. Every man, woman, or child, should be exceedingly careful about doing or saying any thing that may destroy the harmony that exists or always should exist between husband and wife. I re- member at one time in my life I was asked to listen to a complaint against Mrs. Root. I replied something like this: "My friend, you may abuse tne all you like — call me any thing jou wish; but you will have to excuse me from listening to any complaint concerning Mrs. Root in her absence. My shoulders are broad. I can bear unkind words, and perhaps I could bear a club if it were not a very big one, and if it were not laid on too heavily, but when you strike the dear wife, I can not stand it, and you will have to excuse me," First of all, and above all, the Lord Jesus Christ, who uttered the words of our text, should rtile over the home. His presence should be recognized and honored, not only before every meal but before going to bed. Both husband and wife should pray for the presence of the Holy Spirit to crowd out continually all wrong and unkind feelings toward each other. You two may scold and find fault about the great cold unfeel- ing world if you choose; but never with each other. If you can not go as far as that, try very hard to avoid showing the least trace of unkindness, impatience, or indication of annoyance with each other before the world, and, above all, before the children. If there are differences to be settled, go away by yourselves where no- body can interrupt or overhear, then settle them, if necessary, on bended knee, with her hand clasped in yours. After this go before the children or the outer world, and let them see that you two are one in body, spirit, and in soul. I have watched the growing spirit of dis- cord among relatives and friends. It comes on by slow degrees. Divorces are not made up in a few days. The married pair seldom come to the point of separation un- til Satan has had them in control for weeks, months, or perhaps years. The perfect harmony and love that God intended should exist between man and wife are easily marred and put out of tune. It is like a delicate instrument that will hardly bear the disturbance of a gentle breeze. Let me illustrate; and if 1 mention something I have mentioned before, it will not matter. Something I wanted very much and could not find when I was in great hurry was out of place. Mrs. Root declared she had not seen it nor touched it. Nobody else was around our home at the time. I finally found it in a very unexpected and out of- the way place. I told her she must have placed it there. She replied quickly that / certainly was the one who placed it there, and had forgotten it. Then I retorted that the circumstances were such that it was absolutely impossible I could have placed it where I found it. I remember that, at the time, it seemed to me exceedingly plain to any one who would reflect a moment, that I could not have put it in that out-of-the-way place. She replied, somewhat stirred up. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 613 "And pray tell me why / have not as good a rig-ht to say 'the circumstances are such' that it is impossible /placed it there." Now, that little bell of conscience I have told 3'ou about began ringing sharp and clear — " Lord, help! " and when that bell rings, I always stop. These words, "Lord, help! " came into my life soon after I be- came a Christian; and although this little alarm-bell is not often used of late years, it is there yet, and it never fails. May God be praised for it. Had it not been for the little prayer, " Lord, help I " I should have added, '^ Suc/i reasoning is all you can expect of a woman, anyhow." I did not say it then, mind you, and I am ex- ceedingly glad I did not. I have never told Mrs. Root I thought of saying it. May be when she sees it in print she will be "mad" yet, but I think not. Well, this little jangle disturbed my peace of mind, and marred that delicate machinery, and threw it out of ture for several days — I mean the machinery I have been talking about that keeps up that holy bond of sympathy between man and wife. It was not until we two were alone up in the cabin in the woods that I made the wonderful discovery (at least wonderful to me) that this love, sympathy, and affection are more precious and more satisfying than any thing else in this whole wide world. A great many men are in the habit of looking down upon their wives as not quite their equals in intellect and judgment and perception. Oh! I know, dear friends, just as Artemas Ward said he knew it was a bad plan to tell lies. He knew by experi- ence. Even after I had been for years a professing Christian, I was in the habit of having moods or spells when I did not want to be talked to. Mrs. Root told me not very long ago that for years, while she knew, as a general thing, I liked to have her near me, there w< re times when I did not want to be disturbed. For instance, suppose I was planning my Home paper and making notes, she would say somethirg, and I would not answer, because I was busy, or perhaps (God forgive me) I would rudely ask her not to bother me. She said that, for many years, she was afraid of me at such times. Now, friends, please take this in the right sense. She was afraid I might be tired or a little bit cross, and would not want to talk; but, dear friends, that time has all gone by. There is not a moment in all my existence, either day or night, when it does not give me a thrill of pleasure to hear her voice and feel the touch of her hand or catch a glimpse of her dear figure somewhere in the dim distance. And you too, dear brother and sister, may feel this same joy, this precious gift from God, to fill your soul to the brim with happiness because of the companion he in his loving kindness has given you, even though you be between sixty and seventy years of age. This relation between you two may grow so strong that no power on earth can mar it. I am not sure that even death itself will end it. I have searched my Bible careful- ly, and I know pretty well what it says about it. Now please pardon me if I go a little further. W^hen I was in my teens I got hold of a book by Fowler & Wells. In it there were extracts from poems. It was about the time I first met Mrs. Root, when she was in the bloom of girlhood. It read something like this : Then come in the evening or come in the morning; Come when you're looked for or come without warn- ing. Then follows a line I can not for the life of me recall; but the last line of the verse was : But the oftener you come, the more I'll adore you. My boyish fancy suggested at that time (I was eighteen or nineteen) that I could live with Mrs. Root all my life, and feel just that way; yes, and such might have been the case, I presume had Christ Jesus at that time been my leader. May God for- give me for straying as I did. Perhaps this love between us two might not have been so perfect had it not been for the thorns and brambles (of my own making) through which we two have traveled for a. few of the forty and more years we have lived togeth- er. But, may God be praised, I can now say, as we have it in our little verse, Mrs. Root may Come in the evening or come in the morning; Come when she's looked for, or come without warn- ing. I wonder if some of our readers can sup- ply the missing line of that old stanza. Yes, the oftener she comes, the " more I'll adore her." Of course, that word "adore" does not quite fit at our stage of life. We both adore the Lord Jesus Christ ; but next to him comes (to me) the dear wife. Of course, it is necessary to be self-sacri- ficing and to give up a good deal to pre- serve this relation. Mrs. Root is an ex- ceedingly sweet tempered woman; but from the knowledge and experience I have of her makeup I know I could stir her up to fierce warfare in less than an hour. But perhaps I had better hold on a bit ; for just now if I should go back to my old selfish ways sud- denly, she would conclude at once that I had gone crazy; and instead of letting her temper come up, she would pity me and call in the friends and relatives. Let me now give you an illustration of something recent in the way of self-sacri- fice and giving way to the dear partner of your life. While traveling in the cars in Central Michigan a big storm came up. The water came down like "suds," and the fields were covered with puddles of water. Every thing was swimming. Mrs. Root suggest- ed that I unpack her stufi" and get her rub- bers, for when we should reach Toledo it would be sure to be sloppy. Said I: "Why, my dear wife, we are several hours and something like 200 miles from Toledo. Thunder-storms in the latter part of June are generally more or less lo- 614 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 cal. The fact that every thing is swim- miDg here is no evidence at all that it will not be dry in Toledo, and even dusty." But she was so sure that it must be slop- py everywhere, I gave way and got her rubbers. I told her, however, that after we had gone ten miles we might find dusty roads, and then forgot about it. In half an hour we came into Lansing, where the clouds had disappeared. The sun was shining, and she smilingly called my at- tention to the fact that the roads were actu- ally dusty. I had not studied the working of the Weather Bureau, and displayed their signals all these years, for nothing. Mrs. Root was reasoning somewhat like the al- manac-makers who still insist there are men living who can tell what the weather will be all over the United States a year ahead. Now, I give this illustration to show that, had I insisted on my view of things, which was right, a little unpleasantness might have arisen. Next morning, in Toledo, be- fore leaving our sleeping-room she wanted to slick things up and put them to rights; but I said that we would miss the eight- o'clock car if she waited to do that. But she replied it would take only a minute to make things look tidy in the pretty little room they had given us. I replied, "Why, my dear wife, who ever thinks of slicking up a sleeping- room in a hotel ? They have women employed for that very purpose, and the bill we pay covers the cost of setting things to rights. We shall miss our car, and then have to wait another hour." I think she said that, if nobody else ap- preciated it, the chambermaid would when she came to make up the btd, etc. But I let her have her own way about leaving ihings neat and tidy wherever she went, even in a hotel in a great city. When we arrived at the suburban depot the car had just gone, so we had to wait an hour. This second car did not make ■connection at Norwalk, so we had to take another wait of an hour and a half, just be- cause she would have her own way in slicking things up a little in our sleeping- room. I am not finding fault here with her in print, more than I did to her face, because, in finding this great happiness I have told you about, I have discovered that one of the first conditions is not to find fault with and criticise your companion's conduct. After we had been forced to wait twice for our car in consequence of that de- lay I did not once remind her of it, and did not say, "I told you so." But I gained something worth a thousand times more.* * Some may urge that it takes too much time to go through life doing work that other people are hired to do. But, after all, what are we livit g for? "What shall it profit a man ?" etc. Possibly there are readers ■of Gleanings whose work is to look after sleeping- roams when guests have departed. Suppose all of us, men and women, should follow Mrs. Root's example, and endeavor to make the work easy and pleasant, even for the hired girl whose task it is to make beds, and sweep up and restore to order where every thing 1 as teen left in disorder. Let's see. Who was it that Now, do not rush to the conclusion that Mrs. Root is "bossing" me. When she found out there at the cabin in the woods that I was devoting my life to her happi- ness and comfort, she set about seeing what she could do in the way of self-sacrifice and giving way to me. It has seemed as if God in his great providence led us two off alone into the woods to discover and unfold the great unexplored region of happiness that he has in store for every married couple after they have brought up a family of chil- dren. Dear reader, contrast such a life with one of jangling, discord, and fault- finding. Contrast it with the conditions outlined in the following: A gray- headed old farmer had the good fortune to get for a second wife a middle- aged schoolteacher, a Christian woman of culture and amiable disposition. This man came to our store to get some ools he need- ed for farming. His wife came along, and was very much pleased with S( me of the kitchen utensils on our five and ten cent counter. This was years ago. Some of them were sadly needed in that ill-furnished kitchen in that farm home. She pleasantly asked for a little change to get these useful household appliarces. Shall I tell jou what his reply was to her request for a little money? "No, I haven't a cent for any such traps. Come on home.'' She had given her comparatively sweet pure life into his care and keeping; and the above foal language (for there were foul oaths where I have put the blanks) was her reward for her self sacrifice; and that was his return to the great God above who permitted him to have this comparatively beautiful young wife for his helpmeet. I presume she was tired of teaching, and wanted a home, a place to rest, and his proposal was the only place that seemed to offer her a home of her own. Another point: Most married couples, if they have been prudent and frugal, have laid up some property by the time the chil- dren are married and gone away. They have the means to take life easy, but dis- cover to their sadness that money does not make them happy. If they are not very careful it will be just the contrary. When their lives are not so busy they have time to find fault, and " Satan finds some mis- chief still for idle hands," you know. A man of considerable means was recently riding by my side. We passed a little un- pretentious country home. The house was not even painted. There were no shade- trees, and almost no garden. He stopped his horse and pointed at the house. " Mr. Root, the happiest days of my life were passed in that little house. When we said, "And whosoever will be chief among you, let him be your servant " ? To be exact, it is not certain that this slicking-up was what caused us to lose the car. We were delaj;ed at the breakfast-table and by other causes. The point I wish to mske is that, if I had been disposed to scold, grumble, and find fault, I might have kept throwing It up to her, just as I used to to do sometimes, before I was redeemed out of ihe darkness and brought into the light. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 615 were flrst married we lived there for quite a spell until a better place was ready. We both worked hard, aud planned together; and it is the honest truth, I have never seen more happiness, contentment, and real en- joyment at any time before or since than in that little humble home." Dear friends, there are evidences all round about us that show we do not need money to make us happy. A little story that I saw in a Sunday-school paper may help us right here: Two farmers, whose lots joined each oth- er, had quarreled for years over the loca- tion of a line fence. There had been law- suit after lawsuit until one of the two died. I do not know but one of the lawyers em- ployed took his client's farm for pay — at least that lawyer came into possession of the farm in some way or other. Now, this lawyer had learned something by experi- ence. He came over to see his farmer neighbor to talk abcut the line fence. The neighbors who lived around there, and who were looking on, were laughing in their sleeves. Would this old gray-head(d man who had lawed so much about that line fence undertake to fight an expert lawyer? But he seemed to be like the game cocks we read about — no matter what the odds, he was ready to fight, and he informed his lawyer neighbor that he would fight for his rights to the bitter end. The lawyer finally inquired, "Well, neighbor B., what are your rights? Where do }Ou think the fence ought to be? " "Why, sir. it ought to be over on your side two feet further at the south end and three feet further at the north." " Well, now, my friend, I believe in hav- ing peace and good will between neighbors. You may not only have the fence over where you choose, but you may move it two feet further yet at each end. I shall have all the land I need as long as I live, and it is worth something to have things satisfacto- ry with those who live next to me." Poor old farmer B. ! He was braced up for a fight, but he was not prepared for any such spirit as this. It took the wind all out of his sails. He could not believe that this man, and he a lawyer, should under- take to settle disputes in that way. It was not very long before he " flopped," as they say in politics; and he told the new neigh- bor he didn't propose to be outdone in gen- erosity, and even suggested that they leave the fence where it then stood. Thus ended a lawsuit of years' standing. Now, it seems almost preposterous to lecommend that we old people recognize practicing similar tactics with our good wives. Let me see. What was it that Jesus said in regard to this very matter? " Do good and lend, hoping for nothing again." And then further on: Give, and it shall be given unto you ; good measure, pressed down and shaken together and running over, shall men give into your bosom. For with the same measure that ye mete withal, it shall be measured to you again. Why, bless your hearts, dear friends, no woman will be outdone in self-sacrifice and unselfishness. Try it and see. But make the Bible your daily counselor and guide. You will never succeed unless you do. This thing opens up still further. If such an attitude will move the wife, why not the son and daughter? But the dear wife should come first so she can give us motherly help; and, by the way, my honest opinion is that the mother's affection, or you may say intuition, is safer to follow, by tremendous odds, than that of the father, generally speaking, and thus another home will be made perfect through God's love. Now, dear friends, in all that I havewrit- ten I have had in mind that sometimes, but not often, it is the husband who is the suf- fering one, and the wife who is the domi- neering element. There is a slang expres- sion for such a state of affairs that I do not wish to repeat here. There is always more or less fault on both sides; but as the husband is the stronger, and the one in the habit of taking the lead, I have appealed to him. And this suggests just a word more to husbands. I came pretty near saying, when provoked, " That is a fair sample of a wo- man's reasoning."* A woman does not reason exactly as a man does. Her life is in a different line — that is, most women's lives are. We have reason to know, howev- er, in this day and age, that there are wo- men who are equal to men in almost every line you can suggest, not only in art and science, but in the trades and industries, on the farm, in the field, or in the work- shop. God has given us a diversity of tal- ents. Some men have an aptness and a love for cooking, and perhaps for house- work— cleaning house, etc , and there are women, scores of them, who are skilled in the work usually accorded to man. I pre- sume the largest happiness to the human race consists in letting both men and wo- men have the greatest freedom in choosing their work. In fact, everybody does his work better by having greater freedom. Now, my friend, if this wife of yours had greater freedom than she ever had before, no doubt she would be a happier woman, and be of more benefit to the world and of * I once heard a husband say to his wife, who had asked vvhat he considered a foolish question, some- thing like this: "Nobody of good common sense would have asked such a question as that." No doubt women sometimes ask foolish questions— at least they seem so to the man who has not informed his wife or kept her posted in regard to what is going on in the world, especially in the line of men's business. The following clipping from the Cleveland Leader graphi- cally describes a good many husbands : The wisest man on this here earth Is paw ; He knows a thousand times as much As maw. The neighbors don't know near as much As he — He's fnll of knowledge as he Can be. He knows just how the housework should Be done. And how this glorious country should Be run. He knows exact! y how maw ought To dress- He's certain he could do it for Much less. 616 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 more benefit to you. In this recent discov- ery of mine which I have been tri'ing' to tell you about, I have seen Mrs. Root de- velop wonderful talent in lines she had never thought of before. It has been my delight to tell her to do just what she pleas- ed, and 1 would help her; and, oh what fun it has been to see her plans succeed when we two were working- together 1 When we started in life our parents were all poor; but I was permitted to attend school, and very good schools too, for a much longer pe- riod than she was. Another thing, I learn- ed very easil3', while she, when young, was comparatively slow in getting hold of some things. For many years of our married life I took the lead, a good deal because of my supposed superior education; but after she had followed our five children, not only through their schooling here in Medina, but after they went away to college, I began to be slightly surprised to find she was, in many things, getting ahead of me. She has all her life been a great reader; but she is more careful than the rest of us in choosing her books and magazines. She has been completing and rounding out her education by means of the excellent period- icals that this age affords. God knows I am not mentioning these things to boast of the wife he has given me, but that others may take courage and grasp hold of the op- portunities that still lie before them even though they may be sixty or seventy years old. With a fervent prayer that this Home pa- per may be the means of discouraging, at least to some extent, this growing evil of di- vorce, especially after several children have been brought up, I remain your old friend A. I. Root. LOOK AFTER THE YOUNG GIRLS AS WELL AS THE YOUNG BOYS. Hand in hand with the liquor-traffic there is another traffic that I hardly dare men- tion on these pages. Of late it has been developing in a new line. Girls are ad- vertised for to learn telegraphy or type- writing, etc., and many respond who have no education to fill either position. The advertisers do not care any thing about this. The girl is given an easy place and good pay; and unless she has a brother or father or somebody else to look after her, she is led, if it is a possible thing, in the path that leads to ruin. A certain set of fiends in human form at the St. Louis exposition have agents out all over our land. No girl is safe from these snares after she is away from home and friends. Look after the girls, especially when they contemplate leaving the parental home. The Young Women's Christian Temperance Union has a society in the Union Station, St. Louis, to look after girls who come unattended; but I am informed that the crowds are now so great that this organization can not look after the passengers who come in, from one train out of ten. Will the fathers and mothers and all Christian people help in rescuing our girls from the grasp of this Satanic crowd? THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS. The following, from the Modern Farmer and Busy Bee for June, is so ably presented, that we copy it entire. To tell the truth, I do not know of another man living who can present great truths in this line ;vith more directness and pungency than our good friend Emerson T. Abbott. Did you ever stop to think how few people there are who have an unselfish regard for the rights of others ? We talk a great deal about humau rights and human liberty, and yet, after all, most people, especially the male portion of humanity, think more of their own selfish enjoyments than they do of the rights of others. To illustrate, every person surely has a right to pure air to breathe, and } et nine-tenths of the men have no hesitation in robbing you of that privilege. They will light a cigar or a pipe, or. worse still, a cigarette, and go along the street poisoning the air with tobacco smoke with perfect indifference, come into your home or office and puff it into your face in the same way, and the moment you object they begin to talk about " per- sonal liberty," etc. They will do this sometimes even in the presence of ladies, without so much as even saying, " I beg your pardon." It is true all of them will not do it, but many of them are so wedded to this habit of self-indulgence that even the presence of la- dies has no influence on them. " But," says one, "to- bacco smoke is not poisonous, and I do not see any thing about it to make it disagreeable to anyone." Just so; there is where the selfishness comes in You like it ; and if the other fellow does not, that is his business. This is selfishness in the extreme! It is poisonous to me, and it was to you until your system, became saturated with it, and rendered you uncon- scious of its poisonous infiuences. If it were not, what right have you to make my life a burden to me in order to add to your own selfish personal enjoy- ment, even though we should admit for the moment that there is no probability of any injury to you? Yuit may like to breathe air filled with second-hand tobac- co smoke, but there are people who want theirs free from all poisonous influences. They must breathe air of some kind, and why should you insist on rob- bing them of their God-given right to breathe pure air? About the only place a man has a right to do a thing of this kind is on his own premises, where no one else is likely to come, and even in his own home he should not forget the rights of the other members of the family. Please note that this is not a disserta- tion on morals but a very meager elucidation of a principle which is very broad and far-reaching in its application, and one worthy the careful attention of every man or woman. Of course, we come in con- tact with such things more in the city than in the country, but we are inclined to think that the coun- try has its share of this kind of selfishness. DUFFY'S MALT WHISKY THAT HELPED A MAN TO BE 103 YEARS OLD; SEE PAGE 610, JUNE 15. Friend Root: — After reading your sermon of June 15, thought this might interest you. T. B. Terry. Hudson, C, June 22. With the above, friend Terry sends two leaves taken from a periodical called Physi- cal Culture. From these leaves I make the following abbreviated extracts: Here is a sample of the usual methods of patent- medicine venders and others who are desirous of sepa- rating the public from their hard-earned dollars. Health and strength only $1.00 a bottle ! It is to be hoped that the time is not far distant when the public will realize that health does not come in bottles, pow- ders, or pills — Bernard McFadden. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 617 In the daily papers throughout the country there have frequently appeared testimonials of the wonder- ful effect that has followed the use of "Duffy Malt Whisky." Centenarians and others of advanced age have apparently contributed commendatory testimoni- als, glowing with praise of this dope, which the com- pany is selling at $1 00 a bottle. The perusal of any of these testimonials would nat- urally cause almost any intelligent reader to believe that there is .some merit in this alcohol poison. When centenarians can daily r.se a fiery liquor of this char- acter, and be apparently improved in health, why, people naturally infer that almost any individual would be more vigorous if this whisky were used regu- larly. On many occasions, after reading the laudatory tes- timonials sent forth by this whisky company in their advertisements in the daily newspapers, I have won- dered how they happened to secure the commendation of these old people. I did not for a moment believe that they were genuine. I felt satisfied that there was some influence used. I do not believe that any indi- vidual was ever made stronger or healthier by the use of whisky. I have taken the pains to investigate one of these lying testimc nials which has been sent broadcast through the daily press by the Duffy Malt Whisky Company. Mr. Wolf Weisman, of Hoboken, N. J., now 103 years of age, is credited with having written and sent his testimonial. Mr. Weisman does not speak the English language, and you can well understand his amazement when the testimonial used by the Duffy Mai. Whisky Company had been interpreted to him. He had never written it, had never seen it, had never even heard of it. He deaied in the most em- phatic terms that he had been drinking Duffy s malt whisky for several years, and stated that he had never heard of that brand of whisky until about the first of October. About that time, he states, a case of Duffy's malt whisky was delivered to him without explana- tion of any kind, and without charges. He did not know where it came from, and knew no reason why it should have been sent lo him. Neither at that time, nor any time since, has anyone asked him his opinion in reference to its merits, nor has he expressed any opinion in relation to it. This is a sample of the fake methods that are used by many so called honorable concerns in the business world to-day. They indicate a condition that is in- deed to be deplored; and when the names and reputa- tion of well known men can be taken and used for a whisky advertisement, and can be bandied here and there at the will of these greedy whisky-manufactur- ers, it is time that some laws were made that will bring to justice the responsible offenders. I extract the following' from the adver- tisement of Duffy's malt whisky, this adver- tisement being' copied in Physical Culture. Wolf Weisman, of Hoboken, N. J., now in his lOJth year, and possessed of all his faculties, says, " Duffy's pure malt whisky keeps my mind clear, and body strong and well. It has prolonged my life many years." Mr. Weisman is just as keen and bright as he was 25 years ago. I have used Duffy's Pure Malt Whisky for years. It tones Tip the system, enriches the blood, stimulates the circula- tion, takes away that tired feeling, and keeps my mind clear and body strong and well. It has undoubtedly prolonged my life many years. I am very thankful for having heard of Duffy's Pure Malt Whisky, and would not be without it. Wolf Weisman, No. 110 Adams St. In our issue for June 15 I said Duffy's advertisement was still in every issue of the Cleveland Leader; but I am glad to say I do not find it now in that journal. Very likely they have been advised of the way the Duffy people do business. I am not a lawyer; but if it is true that there are no laws in our land to punish this sort of work, some such law should be made; and this practice of wholesale lying and swin- dling in connection with whisky advertising should be brought to an end. It is a dis- grace to our nation and to the present age. In this connection permit me to say that, in any article of June 15, I reflected on the ad- vertising pages of the Chicago Advance. I have examined carefully every issue during the past month, and the objectionable ad- vertisements have all or very nearly all dis- appeared, so we can rejoice again. NATURE PERFORMS THE CURE, AND THE DRUGS AND MEDICINES OFTEN GET THE CREDIT FOR IT. I believe all the drugs in the market and the patent- ed medicines are humbugs. I can prove it in a mea- sure. I have tried nearly all that claim they will cure eczema. I have spent over J.SOO to get eczema out of my limbs, and all failed. I believe all the smart men know that these diseases and others will, as a rule, wear off in time, so they give colored water perfumed with licorice, etc., to blind the patients, and make their living at the expense of the foolish people who are ready to throw away their money. Shanesville, O. H. J. Blickensderfer. Friend B., I am afraid your opening sen- tence is a little too severe; but I do believe a great portion of these things get the credit when nature does the work, and the med- icine has nothing whatever to do with it. Your point comes in excellently concerning remedies for stings. I think most of you will agree with me that the pain from the sting usually ceases quite suddenly, sooner or later, after receiving the sting. This being true, when somebody runs for his remedy, and gets it on the spot just about as the pain is letting up, he rushes to the conclusion that the treatment causes it to cease, when it has no effect whatever. I have given these things a most careful test almost ever since I was interested in bees, and I have never yet had any reason to change my instruction in regard to bee- stings. Get every bit of the sting out of the wound as soon as possible, then go about your work, and try not to think of the sting. If you sit down and nurse it and fuss with it, the pain will last longer than if you let it alone and " get busy " so as to keep your mind away from the matter en- tirely and on something else. And I think the same rule will apply in a like manner for a great many aches and pains. If you get a sliver in your finger, of course you must dig it out first ; then apply your " Christian science," or whatever you may choose to call it. This LIghtnl ng Lice Killing Machine kills all lice and mites. No injury to birds or feathers. Handles any fowl, smallest chick to largest (robbler. M&de in thre« sizes Paja for Itself 6rst eeasoa. /i\»o LighUiing Lice Kilting Powder, Pbuttry BiU,Lice Murder, etc. We seoure spMlal io« express rates. Catalog mailed free. Write lor Ih CHARLES SCHIU), Ionia, Kioh. 618 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Jui.v 15 ENS Golden Italian and Leather Colored, •5 »:• »2 Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by Quirin=the=Queen=Breeder. We guarantee every queen sent out to please you, or it may be returned inside of tiO days, and another will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long-tongued Red=Clover Breeders in the United States. We send out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any State, continental island, or European Country. The A.. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our stock, from time to time. Dr. J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., saj's that he secured over 400 pounds of honey (mostly comb), from single colonies containing our queens. $j Last winter was a severe test on Bees, But Quirin's Famous Leath= er=colored Italians wintered on their summer stands, within a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. . . . Queens now Ready to go by Return Mail. Prices after July 1. I 1 6 I 12 Select Te-sted Select lested Breeders Straight five-band breeders ... Palestine queens Two-comb nuclei, no queen... Full colony on eight frames... Four fr's brood, & 4 fr's f'd'n $ 75 I 4 00|$ 7 00 on 1 ftO; 3 W 5 00 1 60 2 2.5 5 00 4 00 5 00 8 00 15 00 8 00 12 dO 25 00 22 00 9 OJ 15 00 15 00 22 00 Our new circular now ready to mail. ADDRESS ALL ORDEi-S TO «• Special low prices on Queens and Nuclei In 50 and 100 Lots. Nuclei on L or Danzenbaker frames. Breeder, Beiievue, o. ^iiji:«»;j«r5!«g5!ejg!Ji^eij«&iiey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Xex. ^ v^ Doolittle Sayss 5ry choice of this Brtedtr; if ever a Queen was worth |H)0, she is - strain that gave the big yields in '94, \^ Then we have Breeders from our strain that gave tne Dig yieias m y-i, and which some of the largest bee-keepers in Cuba say can't be beat. They swarm but little and are honey-getters. We are breeching for honey-gatherers more than color. We cull our cells and queens, and warrant queens purely mated. Prices: Select untested, 81.00; select, 81.2-5, te.'^ted. $1.50; select, $2 00; breeders, 8:3. 00, $4 00, and J5 00. Circulars free. J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida.. nmiWuii^>i^Wi ni Queens by Return Mail We are now breeding from three distinct strains, viz.. Imported or leather color. Root's long-tongued or red clover strain, and our old stiain of white- banded yelltw Italians, or albinos. :: :; Un:ested, each % 7.'>. half doz. 81.2.5; doz. % 8.00 Warranted, each HO: half doz. 5 00; doz. 9.00 Tested, each 1.25 Select tested, each 1.50 We have also a full line of be e-Veepers' supplies including The .^. I Root Companv's goods Root's Sections and Weed's Foundation a Specialty Send for our ;>2-page illustrated catalog W, W. Gary & Son, LyorsvHIe, Mass. Leather Colored Italians For Sale! strain took first premium Minne.sota State Fair, 1901 and 1W02 Ready May 1st. E'ghtor nine frame Lang- stroth hives, |o 00; ten frame, $6.00 each, f. o. b. Milaca. W. R. ANSELL, Mille Lacs Apiaries, MILACA. niNN. Red Clover and Three and Five Banded Queens. I'ntested, (15 cts.; :;7 per doz. Fine tested queens, %\ 00 each. Four-frame uurlf-i, fine queen. in painted hive. f3 25. Remember ■ we guarantteour queens to work red clover as well as white clo- ver. Get my circular. Queens sent promptly Fifty and one hundred specia prices. G. ROUTZAHN, BIQLERVILLE, ROUTE 3, PENNA. MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS AS RED-CLOVER WORKERS. X,. C. Medkiff, Salem, N. J., says: "I bought an un- tested queen of you last year and her bees have filled three comb-honey supers, and did not swarm, while thirteen out of the fifteen other colonies did not get more than half that amount I have queens fiom six different breeders, and I class yours 100 per cent above them all. Your bees woiktd very strong on the first crop of red clover I know they were yours, because I floured them with a dredge-box and watched the hive. They also worked strong on the second crop of red clover and lima-bean b1"'sonis." Untested queens, 75c each; six. 84 CO; dozen. 87.50. Select unie.sted, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, 89.00. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for descriptive circular showing whv ray queen-trade has grown <^o fast. I am now filling orders by return mail and shall probably be able to do so till the close of the season, J. P. MOOBE, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Key. X5he Best Stock ! Twenty years' experience in rearing Italian queen bees, and" producing honey on a large scale has tiughl me the value of the best stock, and what the best queens reared from that 1 est stock ir.ean to the hon- ey producer. I have alwavs trieo to improve my stock by buving queens from breeders who bieed for houeygatheriiig instead of color: then by crossing these different strains and selecting the best and breeding from them I have secured a strain of stock that is the equal of any for honey-gathering. Delanson, New York, July 10, 1902. Mk. Robey— Dear Sir: The queen.n- dition, s raight combs, good location; a liberal dis- count on fixtures and supplies. B. F. Hastings, Perry Park, Col. For Sale. — Five-gallon square tin can used for hon- ey, at about half price ot new cans. For prices, etc., address Orel I,. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale.— 57 New AE5 8 fr. Root's Dovetailed hives in flat for 855.00, or 10 for $10; also 10 new 2S 8-frame supers in flat for 83.50. R. S. Chapin, Marion, Mich. For Sale. — Italian bee' with red-clover queen ; 3- frame nucleus on Danz. frame, so you can make a start with Danz. hives, 83.50. Standard frames the same. Orders shipped immediately. F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston, Mass. For Sale. — 325 colonies of best strain of Italians in United States, in good location in Southwest Texas. Location, business, and outfit for sale at a bargain. Address for particulars C. Worth, Karnes City, Tex. For Sale. — Slightly damaged hives at a very low price; first-class in (very way, Lewis make, both eight and ten frame. Can ship at once. Lewis C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. For Sale.— 500 colonies of bees in Root's 10-f rame hives in fine condition. Will sell in lots of 50 o"- up- ward. Also fine 100-acre farm at a bargain. Write or call quick for full particulars. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex. For Sale. — Italian bees and queens. We make one, two, and three frame nuclei a specialty. Write for circular and price list. Also, 100 T .supers for sale cheap. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Page Co., Iowa. For Sale. — Apiarian outfit of small house and acre of land with 200 colonies Italians in Dovetailed hives, in best white-clover part of Minnesota (also basswood and goldenrod) ; to a buyer of the lot, colo- nies at $4.00, and accessories at one-half list price; combs 20c a square foot. X Y Z, Gleanings. For Sale.— 1000 supers of our own make for 45^x4^^ xlj sections for Langstroth 8-frame hives, empty, at 13 cts. each. With section-holders and separators added at 30 cts. each. Write early, for they will not last long. Write us for bee .supplies. Roy a. Wilson, Kearney, Neb. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 621 ^sT "If Coods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder." ''<^ ^r '-^-^^-"'--^^^-'^^•^^'^'^^"-"'"'^'^^ ^(j^ -^■i Distributor of Root's goods from the best shipping- point in the Country. '^ -jk^ My prices eire at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Company, ^f^ y^* and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: > '•Sy *^ -^* Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb 'i?*^ ^^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, J^ "^•^ Bee=veils, Pouder Honey =jars, and, in fact, ^ ^C EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. 'p * Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. <^ ^r = ) "^* My Stock of Supplies '''5*^ ■•■i^ is fresh from the factory, and fully up-to-date in every detail. My sections are not diied «t^ "^» out and they do not break in bending. '^ -^i What They Say. V Peru, Ind., May 23, 190i. ' J>JL-~ -*^i Waltf.t) S Prii'Di-R Indianapolis. Ird. ''t^ ^f Dear SV'.-Each of the many orders vou have filled for me has been accompaned _>. with a pli-a aiit surprise in the form of proni'ptness and precision. In some cases it has been 5,?^ --^i worth manv dollars to me 10 have goods shipned ou next tiain. I think promptness is your i^c^ ^1 stronghold' \ wnwVS \,\\\. V- Pouder, Pi omptness. Pi easion, a>ni Perfection oi%ooA%. I desire _\ . 10 thank you for the mai;y courtesies you have shown me in < ur business relations. «?&.. J^J ' Yours trulv, ''C^ /% ' George Demuth. ^ ^' Medina, Ohio. t^ ■^,> Walter S P uder. Indianapolis. Ind. PtS^ -^» /Jr'ar S/».-- it seems to us. bee-keepers ought to be very glad to have such a dealer as V ' yourself to depend upon for supplies, and we congratulate you. l^ -^^ Yours trulv. "liS^ -^» The a. I. Root Co.. per A. L. Boyde.v, Sec'y. '^li;*^ ^>^ -'^ -^* Beeswax Wanted. 'C*" ^J'i [ pav highest market orice for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make ^|^ V4V siiaH .shipments by express; large shipments by freight. alwa> s b< ing .'-ure to attach your ♦'(jifc. name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall b^ glad to send i to vou . ^' ===^——^=—— 'p J^i: "« "« f A H 'T^ H^ ¥^ t^ r^ iC\ ¥ T H^ B? Mb '^ :^* 513=-5I5 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. j^ 622 GLEANINGS IN BFE CULTURE. July IS MarsHfield Manufacttiring Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in; the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. B»c MairsHlielcl ManitifacttirinB* Company, MarsHlleld, "Wis. UPPLI '■'^^P^riv Kretchmer I^anfc. Co. Box 60, RED OAK, IOWA. We carry a large stock and greatest vari- I etv of every thing needed in the apiary, as- • su'ring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, ' and prompt shipment. We want every ' bee keeper to have our FREE II^IvUSTRAT- ' ED CATALOG, and read description cf ' Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. I Jm' WRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. ' Trester Supply Company. Lincoln, Neb. ' Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs, Iowa. I. H. Myer?, Lamar, Col. I. J. S-tringham, Nev^ Yorftc, Keeps in stock a complete line of ■ .Colonies of Italian bees in newhive $8.50 iThree-frame nucleus colonies with Italian queen 3.75 iTested Italian queen |.25 Untested queen 75 'silk-faced veil, best made 40 Catalog FREE Apiaries— Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom-- 1 05 Park PJace, N. Y. NOT IN THE TRUST. The oldest bee-supply house in the East. Sells the BEST GOODS at former prices. Sen. A for Catalog'. J. H. M. COOK. 70 Cortlandt «t.. New YorK City. Tested queens now ready by return mai Pacific Coast Buyers are directed to the announcement that SMITHS' CASH STORE (inc.) 25 Market St., San Francisco, California. carries a complete line of apiary supplies, Root's reg- ular and Danzenbaker hives, Dadant's foundation, and Union hives. Money can be saved by buying from them. Prices quoted same as Root's catalog for 1904, with carload rate 90c per 100 pounds added. This saves buyers $1 .50 per 100 pounds in freight or 36c on each hive. DEE=KEEPERS, let me sell you the best goods made. *-* You will be pleased on receipt of them, and save money by ordering from me. My stock is all new and complete. I handle the G B. Lewis Co. and The A. I. Root Co. goods. Send for catalog. It is free. W. J. Mccarty, Emmetsburg, Iowa. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honej-. sections, comb foundation, and such other articles used in the apiarv. H'rite for price list. A. W. S'WTA.N Gh CO. Centralia, Kan. Virginia Queens Italian queens secuied by a cross, and years of careful selection. From red-clover queens and .Superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson. I can furnish large vigorous untested queens 75 cts.; after June 15th, 60 cts.; tested queens, $1.00; after June 15th, 75 cents. Write for discount on large orders. CHAS. KOEPPEN, FredericKsburg, - Virginiia. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 623 « ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ t ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ « ♦ 4 IMore Rooml ♦ ^^.^^^ ^..^^.^^.^^.^^^..^.^•^ J J We now occupy the greatest floor space, ♦ T and carry the largest stock of goods, T X that we ever did before. Our specialty is ♦ T f WHolesale and R.etail Y t Le^wis* Goods ♦ t AT J ♦ Factory Prices. ♦ X T Dovetailed hives Wisconsin hives. Champion ? T Chaff hives, Improved l,angstroth Simpli ity 1 J hives, and our new hive which we call the T T Acme hive. Thous'inds of poiui'^s of comb X X foundation ; millions of sections in about 30 2 J different sizes and styles, and everything the i bee-keeper needs. J T Do not fail to find out all about the 4 ACME HIVE. J* Hundreds of them already sold, this year. Catalogs and plentv of informa- ^ tiou free. Let us esliniate on your order. i C. M. Scott & Co., I 1004 E Washington St., Ind. ^ Indianapolis, ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦^■'^^♦♦^ ^ ♦^<^«4'^^'i^ ^ Do You Need Queens? If so. you want none but the best. Prolific Queens? — they mean large colonies. Good Workers ? — they mean full supers. We can fill your orders for such queens by return mail, from our choice strain of three band Italians, which are not excel- led as honej'-gatherers. : : : Choice tested queens, $1.00 each; untested 50c; per dozen, $6.00. Send Jor circular. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LOUISIANA. EY QUEENS I^AWS' ITALIAN .\ND HOLY LAND QUEENS. Plenty of fine queer s of the best strains on earth, and with these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are you interested? Laws' Leather and Golden Italians. Laws' Holy Lands. These three, no more. The following prices are as low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 00c; per dozen, |8 00; tested, $1; per dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either race, $3 each. W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas. MY GOLDEN BREEDER gave me 400 pounds of honey last j-ear. Her daughters are 75c each ; $8 00 per dozen. George W. Cook. Spring Hill. Kans. We manufacture BEE-SUPPLIES of all kinds. Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published U/je Ameri- can Bee-keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. A.DDR.E.SS g" W. M. Gerrish, Epping, goods at catalog prices. N. H., carries a full line of our Order of him and save freight. any. 624 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 Our readers are requested to notice the change of street address of our San Antonio Branch Office This has lately been moved to 1322 South Flores St., where larger and more convenient rooms have been secured. The attention of our readers is called to the adver- tisement of The Frisbee Honey Co., offering a select list of books at a very low late. They have submitted titles of a number of these to us, and we recommend that our book-buying friends get a list of the books they offer. RUBBER STAMPS. We have installed in our printing department a new rubber-stamp vulcanizer so that we are better equip- ped for turning out stamps than before. We are also prepared to furnish labels and special printing promptly. Send for job-printing and rubber-stamp catalog. BEESWAX PLENTIFUL. Beeswax seems more plentiful this season, and we are paying now 26 rents cash, 28 cents in trade, for average wax delivered here or at our branch offices. Our trade in foundation has not been as heavy the past few months as it was a year ago, owing to winter losses, and we have, as a consequence, a more plenti- ful supply on hand. ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY. By July 1st we had all < arload orders filled, and had begun to accumulate stock. While we have delayed small orders only a few da3-s, with a few exceptions, all through the season, we are now shipping by first train. Our branches and agencies are alsj well sup- plied with goods. Those wanting quick service can get it. If in need of at y thing, send on your orders. BUSHEL BOXES. The season is at haid when bushel boxes are n e ed for handling pola- loe'- and (ilher farm crop.s 1 he ac- conipanv ingcat shows our all slatted box which has been used for years, and is a most popular box. It is 16 iuches long by IS54 wide and 12% deep, inside measure, holding a heap- ed bushtl v-fhen level full. One box mav be nested inside of two when empty, so they can be handled in bunches of three. As packeil, there are 14 in a bunch — 2 nailed up and trie other 12 in flat, with nails included. We usually make them with oak con'er-po.sts ; and, so made, the price is SI, HO per crate of 14. We have quite a s'ock on hand, packed ready for shipment, of all basswood slats, no oak cornel's. We offer these, to close them out. at $1.75 per crate; teu-crate lots. 5 per cent dis- count. Special Notices by A. I. Root. -•ADVANCE IN PRICE OF J.\P.^XESE BUCK\VHE.-\T. Instead of prices in our seed catalog, Japanese buck- wheat will be. for the rest of the season. Si 50 per bushel. In fact, we can hardly get it so as to furnish it at this price. It seems siiange that the bee-keepers of our land can not grow enough Japane.se buckwiieat so as 10 have it furnished for less than the above price. This is now the second season there has been a scarcity and the price away up. DIETRICH'S FIFTEEN-ACRE FARM; A GOVERNMENT BULLETIN. I am rejoiced to see that Uncle Samuel has given us a bulletin entitled " A Model Farm." It is a reprint from the " Yearbook of the Department of Agricul- ture " for 1903 For obvious reasons, Mr. Dietrich's name and locality are omitted ; but it is a good de- scr ption of his work, with six fine photo-engravings. I should like to give the whole bulletin in Gle.^nings; but inasmuch as any one interested can have it free by sending to the Department of Agriculture, Washing- ton, D. C, I make only some brief extracts from the conclusion We have given the account of a pioneer farmer, starting in with no experience, but going to work In a methodical manner to learn what he could from the experience of oth- ers, making a careful study of surrounding coaditions, and adjusting himself to those conditions. This farmer, by ap- plying scientific principles and business methods, has blaz- ed a path into a region of great possibilities. The mo.st im- portant lesson to be learned from his achievements is that, by applying such methods, it is possible to cause land to jiel'l twice or three times as much as the present average from what are considered good methods. Can this experience be duplicated on other farms? The answer to this question depends on the soil, and the man who has the management of it. It can not be done by the man who is not a student. Few men, indeed, could develop unaided a system such as that described : but there are many who can do it now that the methods by which it has been accomplished are common knowledge. The most important single feature of this farm, aside from the remarkably systematic way in which it is conduct- ed, is the manner of handling the manure. The fact that the stock are all stabled the year round makes it possible to save all the manure, both liquid and solid, and to apply it to the land. Again, the fact that it is applied daily, as pro- duced, insures that any leaching by rains shall carry the leached materials into the soil, where it is wanted. How much plant food is lost from fermentation after the manure is spread on the fields is not known. But the remarkable yields of every portion of this farm would seem to indicate that this method of handling manure is highly satisfactory. THAT CELEBRATED FIFTEEN-ACRE FARM — A COR- RECTION. Editor Gleanings : — See page 124 of June. 1904, issue oi Country Life in America for an advertisement of Dietrich's 15-acres, in which he offers the same for sale at 816,000. It is not at all probable he sold it at $7-5.000 recentlv as stated on page 560 of Gleanings, when he offers it in Country Life for $16,000. E. P. ROBINSON. Sidney, O., June 9. I am glad to see this correction, for it seemed to me that $75,000 was a fearful price. The clipping sent me did not contain any thing to show what paper it was taken from; and as a general thing I hesitate about printing any clipping unless I know the name of the paper giving currency to it. FAKE MEDICINES TO BE TAKEN IN HAND BY THE POST' OFFICE DEPARTMENT. We understand that the Postoffice Department has already commenced, not only ruling out of the mails adveitiseraents of medicines that do not and can not do what they claim, but newspapers and other periodi- cals that accept advertising of this class. May God be praised for this righteous start in the wav of de- fending the credulous and ignorant class The Hart- ford, Ct., Times, remarks in regard to the above: The consternal ion and wrath of that portion of the com- munity which makes its living by preyiug on its fellow-citi- zens through such frauds will be in proportion to the actual service rendered to the rest of the people of the country. Convention Notice. The annu il session of the National Bee keepers' As- sociation for 1904 will be held in September at St. Louis, Mo. Sept. 27 and 28 will b'^ devoted to Association work and its interests. September 29, national day. We expect many prom- inent foreign bee keepers to be present on this day. September 30 inspectors' day. Twenty bee-inspect- ors from the United S ates and Canada are counted on to introduce and di.scu^s thedisea>es of bees etc. Mr. N. K. France will exhibit, in the convention hall, a large mao of the United States. Canada, Cuba, and Eurt pe. Each State and country will have a shelf attached to the map with a one-pound sample of each kind of honey ijroduci d. Many other exhibits of special interest will be shown We expect to see the largest gathering of bee-keep- ers ever held in this country. A more detailed pro- gram will appear later. Geo. W. Brodbeck, Sec. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 625 * 1884 PRICE LIST OF 1904 j^ I Italian I Queens * ^5 iSees s ii/ ;!; Untested Queens, each - - " $ ^^ ? IS S^ ¥ Tested Queens, each - - J i Y I Select Tested Queens, each - - 2 00 J \j!s i Two-frame Nucleus (no queen), - 1 00 ^P 'f\\ ^y £ Three-frame Nucleus (no queen), - " 1 50 J '^ji \j|/ jj Four-frame Nucleus (no queen), - 2 00 J^ (t) \l/ ;t Full Colony, eight-frame, (no queen) - 4 00 S ^i ^ 2i \l/ * w We are booKin^ orders for Qtieens -J- iif and Bees at the above prices. .J; * fi iiit We breed with scientific, intelligent methods from the best "> (ijf Imported and Long-tongue stock. Cheaper queens may (f^ vi/ be had elsewhere, but we make no effort to compete with (f) ii; the prices of the cheap- OUEEN men. Our stock is worth (fl (i/ our price. You will be pleased with our stock and our (f) viz prompt and careful attention to your orders. We gnarantee it (^) (!) ^^ ykf ^ 64-page Catalog' of Supplies Free. ^ /^\ I J, M. JENKINS, I j^ WETUMPKA, - ALABAMA. ^y »«. M 626 CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. July 15 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. ^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ Send for Otir FREE; New Illiistrs^ted Catalog azid Price L/ist. >P ^ <^S s- 5- £&&: iit.S^ £•€■:& &'^:& &Sife fe&& feS;£ &ft«-:s^:fe& t&f; fe&;&&^:S- &&?; fet* fe^Sfc 8^^^^ - - - fk '♦> Has an established reputation, because made b\' a process that produces the ^ Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and ^ Foyociation ler's RETAIL AND WHOLESALE Toughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have 15^ never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty, Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Pull Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Catfilos; and prices with samples free on application. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. CyS, DlTTS^vlERi, - - - AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. F"*v=»' ■«»»'~*5rTqyTsr -«^ ^^ v^^ ''V'v ^^ TiarT^qngr-^ar -ig*" h;" 'v "«» ^tyg^'"^' ^j» "w *ifv ^* -^ ""y n If You Want a Smoker * That goes without Puffing — Clean, Durable, and Handy — Oldest, newest, and embracing all the improvements and in- ventions made in smokers, send card for circular to T. F. BINGHAM. FAR.WELL, MICH. M >k:jft»:JWirft.JU.a»k.,.»t.rfV,J^jfVJVrfhrft.LAti [ J^ r^ «TW rfli .a^ iiftt J^ jfii J^ :A^ :^k. Volume XXXII. AUGUST I, 1904. n*«EE CULTOHE ONTENTs Market Quotations 731 Straws, by Dr. Miller 739 Pickings, by Stenog 740 Conversations with Doolittle 741 p'.ditorials 742 No drip Cleats loo Thin .■ 742 Unusual Amount of Sweet Clover 743 Selling Unripe Honey 743 Death of H. C. Morehouse 743 Mating Queens in Miniature Nuclei 743 How to Ship Bees 744 N. E France, General Managerof N. B. K. A ...746 General Correspondence 748 Planting for Honey 752 The Question of the Second Mating of queens ..754 A Retrospective Glance 755 Heads of Grain 757 Cutting up Candied Honey 757 Hiving back Swarms by Shaking 758 Another Tub for Uncapping 759 Brood-frames with Thinner Top- bars 759 Discouraging for Canada 759 Making Swarms destroy Cells 760 When to make Brushed Swarms 760 In favor of Thin Top-bars 760 Alfalfa in Cuba 760 Bee-escape for Strengthening Swarms 761 A Fine Queen Trade broken up by Foul Brood. .761 Milk Paint Alabastine not Suitable 762 Working Colonies for Comb and Ex. Honey 76.' A Swarm that won't stay Hived 76.5 Pickled Brood; its cause 763 small Colonies 76^ Eastern Editiqn. Entered at the Postoffice, at Medina, Ohio, as Second-class Matter. ™iS SHIPMENTS OUR SPECIALTY If you want your orders filled within 24 hours send them to us. We have the largest stock in Michigan, and can ship at once. Beeswax wanted at highest market prices. G. & L 6. Grand Rapids, Mich. CAN SHIP TO-DAY. CI have the largest stock, and the best assortment I ever had at this time of year, and can fill your order the same day it is re- ceived. I have more Hives, Su- pers, Sections, and Foundation, Shipping-Cases, and every thing you may need than I can possibly sell this season. CBut don't wait, send in your orders promptly, and they will be filled promptly. YES. THEY ARE ROOT'S GOODS AND SOLD AT ROOT'S PRICES. C.If you have not my 36- page catalog, send for it, free. Bets- wax wanted, either for cash or trade. GEORGE E. HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. rry Up Orders FOR Hives, Sections, Founda= tion, etc. The supplies you order this month you want ^^right away^^ — ^^as soon as possible^^ That is what we are doing for others, let us do it for you. :: :: :: For Root's Goods in ]Vlichigan=-=In a Hurry. M. H. HUNT & SON, "^^^Mfc'^H^"^"' 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 731 «^ «^ <$> C. H. W. Weber, Headc|\iarters for Bee-Suoplies Root's Goods at Root's Factory- Prices. •»■ f$5 fl? f$» «$» f|» f$> ($» (^ ■j Let me sell you the Best Goods Made; you will be pleased on receipt - ^ of them, and save money by ordering from me. Will allow you a discount on ^ f^ early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very larg-e. Cincinnati is <$> f^/>) one of the best shipping--points to reach all parts of the Union, particularly f^^ pjL in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction ♦. T guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed T •^ promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :: :: :: -s- f$» (^ ^^ I Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and .^ ^ a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and 4 Hjy without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey S>^ uj^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and 4^ i^ bee-veils. ^ ^ Queens Now Ready to Supply by Return Mail; Golden itai- <^ jm^ jaus, Red-clover, and Carniolans. Will be ready to furnish nuclei, beginning Jr^ -*v with June, of all the varieties mentioned above. Prices for Untested, during June, j^ i one, 75; six, $4.00; twelve, $7.50. i ^^ I will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and ^ HJS* shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- ^ i^ rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. t^j ^ (^ (^ I have in Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants: Swect- (p jj^ scented clover, white and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- ^^ .s. celia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. t_ 4^ 1^ 1^ t^ 4* 4* C, M. W. Weber O Aice (St Salesroom, 2146-214-8 Central A.-ve. AVarehouse, Freeman and Cen.tral ,A.vei\tie. CIN CIN N ATI, O 732 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE, Honey Market. Aug. 1 GRADING-RXJLES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel- stain or otherwise ; all the cells sealed exceot an occasional cell, the outside snrfaceof the wood well scraped of propolis. A No. 1.— All sto ons well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; ounbs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or t lie entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- Bide of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, orthe entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In. addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is. there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Nkw York. — Very little cemand for comb honey. Some trade for No. 1 aud fancy white at from 12@13, ■while dark and amber are almost unsalable. Ex- tracted is in fair demand, although prices are irregu- lar. We quote from 5@6^ per lb., according to quali- ty. Southern in barrels, at from 50(a55 per gal. Bees- wax is more plentiful and prices are gradually declin- ing. We quote 28@29 HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN, July 20. 265 Greenwich St., New York. Milwaukee. — The market continues about the same on honey as last reported as to values and supply ; at this writing there is a feeling that the overstock of comb will yet be in demand at fair values. Extracted in bbls. is in better demand, and shipments of white or amber can be disposed of. At this time the general outlook on new crop favors the left-over of last crop; indications are not favorable for as large a crop as last year. We quote fancy section, 11@12; good to fancy, 10@11; dark or mixed quality, nominal. Ex- tracted in bbls.. cans, or pails, white, fjfgi"; dark, 5%@ 6. Beeswax, 25(0)30. A. V. Bishop & Co., July 21. Milwaukee, Wis. Buffalo. — Some new comb honey in the market, but is not selling fast. Little too early, and buyers waiting for lower prices. No market value to old comb honey. Fancy white comb, 15(gl6: A No. 1, 14@ 15 No. 1; 13(51-1; No. 2, 12@13; No. 3, n(cbl2: No. 1 dark, n®V2; No. 2 dark, 10(ail. Old white extracted, 6]/i®7; old amber, 5@5]4; old dark, 5. Beeswax, 30(2)32. W. C. Townsend, July 23. 178 Perry St., Buffalo, N. Y. Kansas City. — The receipts of new honey are gradually growing larger ; it is a little early yet for a good healthy demand, but with cooler weather we look for it to increase. Fancy and No. 1 comb honev is moving at $2.75 per case. C. C Clemons & Co., July 20. Kansas City, Mo. Chicago.— There is a plentiful supply of honey of all kinds on the market, with no sales; prices, there- fore, can not be more than on an asking basis. Very little if any choice to fancy comb, but a large amount of what would average No. 1 is offered at 10(a>12; no sale for off grades or damaged lots. Extracted white, 6(0)7 ; amber, 5@6. Beeswax, 28(a30. R. A. Burnett & Co., July 19. 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. AtH.-^NY. — Honey demand dull in this market, so can scarcely give reliable quotations, but think if we had some new crop white comb it would sell at 15(016. Crop prospects in this vicinity are not good, and we look for good prices when season opens.: Extracted, 5M@*JH. Beeswax dull, 28(0)30. MacDougal & Co., July 16. 375 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. Schenectady. — X,ocal producers report that they are securing a good crop of white honej', but very lit- tle of it, however, is ready for market, and there is practically no demand yet as weather conditions are not favorable. Chas. McCulloch, July 18. Schenectady N. Y. Albany. — There are some enquiries for honey, and some want to .sell. It is too early yet to give reliable quotations. Some small lots are selling at 15(ail6c, but cemand is light as yet. We think September is the best month, or as soon as there is any brisk de- mand for honey. Crop in this vicinity is light. Bees- wax. 28(0)30. McDougal & Co., July 27. 375 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. San Francisco. — New comb per lb., nominal. Ex- tracted, water-white, 5^(0)6; light amber, 5@5%\ dark amber, 4J4(^5. Beeswax, 28(a),29. Ernest B. Schaeffle, July 11. Murphys, Cal. Detroit. — Some new honey coming in. Fancy and A No. 1 is selling for 16(3(16. No dark honey in j'et. Beeswax, '2{i@28. M. H. Hunt & Son, July 21. Detroit, Mich. For Sale. — I,ight colored honey, fine flavor, bar- rels, 7c, cans, 8c; amber, 6(^7. Sample, 10c. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place, N. Y. City. For Sale. — 8000 lbs. choice ripe extracted clover honey, in cases of two new 60-lb. cans each, at 714 cts. per lb.; 335-lb. barrels at 7 cts. per lb. G. W. Wilson, R. R. No. X, Viola, Wis. For Sale. Several tons of choice extracted clover honey, put up in kegs holding about 160 lbs. net on board the cars at this place, at 6 cts. per lb. E, W. & F. C. Alexander, Delanson, N. Y. WANTED FA N C Y C O MB H p N E Y In No-drip Shipping Cases. Also AMBER EXTRACtED In Barrels or Cans. Quote your lowest price delivered here. WE REMIT PBOiVIPTLY, THE FRED W. MUTH CO., IMo. 51 WALNUT ST., CI NCI NN ATI, OHIO. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 733 For Sale.— 25 bbls. fancy extracted white-clover honev. Write for prices, stating quality and kind of package desired. Kmil J. Baxter. Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale.— Extracted honey, white candied mes- quite, 5% cents per pound; amber 5 cents, in 75- pound cans, f. o. b. here. W. C. Gathright, lyOS Cruces, New Mex. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted — Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at any time of the year. Write us if j-ou have any to dispose of. Hildreth & Segelken, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 26c cash or 28 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at l-t4 E. Erie St., Chicago, U Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The a. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio. Wanted. — Comb honey by the wholesale. We will buy your crop outright, cash at your de^ot, anywhere in the U. S , if price and quality are right. We have salesmen in nearly every market in U. S., but buy only through Thos. J. Stanley, Matizanola, Colo., our honey- man, who spends the .season in the West super- intending our apiaries and looking after Western car lots of honey. Address us there itirect. stating what your honey is gathered from, what grade, the average weight of sections, how packed, color, etc; quantity; ■phen you can deliver, and lowest cash price per pound properly crated and delivered at your depot. We should like to know about what the freight rate to your nearest city is. We believe that our purchases are larger than those of any other firm or association. Yours for business, i Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Manzanola, Otero Co., Colo. AN ADVERTISING COVRSE Treating the best known means by the most competent instructors, as to how to reach rural people. S^nd 10 cents, stamps or silver, for sam- ple of While's Class Advertising, by Frank B. White, who has been "At it Seventeen Years." Address Frank B. White Counselor at Advertising 900 Caxion Bld^. Chicago, 111. DANZENBAKER 20th Century SMOKER. A SMOKER SURE FOR $I.OO. GUARANTEED TO SUIT, OR DOLLAR BACK. The last in the field, combiness the bet feature of others, with special ones all its own. It has a perforated draft-grate at the side that streng-thens the fire-cup and holds a removable lining and packing in place, that keeps the fire-cup cool, adding to its durabilitj'. This lining can be replaced at a small cost. The draft-hole is midway of the fire- cup, directly opposite the only opening in the bellows, from which the air is forced and deflected upward or downward, or both Ways, as desired, to secure a dense or hot or cool volume of smoke, which is determin- ed by the filling and lighting of the fuel. It is superior in make up and material. It has no parts that can clog with soot. It will continue to smoke from three to ten hours, in light work, until all the fuel is consumed. It wins friends that willingly recommend it to others. Full directions for use, and preparing special fuel for subduing bees and destroy- ing the eggs and larvae of the wax-moth, with each smoker. PRICES : $1.00 each; three for $2 70 when sent with other goods. By mail, each 25 cents extra. ADDRESS F. DANZENBAKER Care The A. I Root Co., Sec. 2!t, W. Annex, Hort'l Bid., St. Louis, - Missouri. 734 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 1 A necessity for right shaving — Williams' Shav- ing Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet ** How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. f^^ Let Us Send You ^^ Our Book. about good wheels and ffood wagons that ■will save you a lot of work and make you a lot of money —the ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS and the ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON. By every test, they are the best. More than one and a quarter milliona si)ld. Spokes united to the hul). Can't work loose. A set of our wheels will make your old wajjonnew. catalogue free. ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., Box 95 Quincy, Ills. ELECTRIC Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cut ting, mitering, grooving, boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for working wood in any man- ner. Send for catalog A. The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co., 44 Water St., Seneca Fs.. N, Foot and Hand Power Water Problem Solved. The Koger Well-Drilling Machine gets it. The farmer's friend. Especially for do- mestic well-making. Cheapest by half, and the most practical of any. Best money-maker on the mar- ket. Catalog free. J.J.Koger&Sons IMoorsburg. Tenn. Make Your Own Fertilizer at Small Cost with Wilson's Phosphate Mills '^ From 1 to 40 II. P. Also Bone Cut- ters, hand and power, for the poul- trymen; Farm Feed .Hills, lira- ham t'lonr Hand Mills, Grit and Shell MIIIh. .Send for eataloKue. WILSON KKOS.. Sole Allrs., Kaston, Pa. Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1873.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apiculturat Uep't. J. T. CAI^VERT, Bus. Mgr. A. I,. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 "West Broadway, New York City. Terms; $1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50; three years, $2.00 ; five years, $i.OO, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Disconf inuances; The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise ■we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, and will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time Daid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISING RATES, Column width, 2% inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Nel). 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 2.50 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 1000 lines® 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates (Net). 1 page ....$40 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circuiation Average for 1903. ISsBBBm The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer, Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111., Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, Los Angeles, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, lyOveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. Wm. McEvoy, Woodstock, Ont. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. ■35 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ LOW Rates to tue Soutti are made on the first atid third Tuesday of each month bj' the at which times round-trip tickets to points in tlie South and Southeast are sold at ONE FARE PLUS $2.00. A splendid opportunity is thus afforded the residents of the North and West to g.a.\n knowledge personally of the great re- sources and possibilities of a section which is developing verj' rapidly, and showing results which are most satisfactory Ivow-priced lands, superior business opportuni- ties, unexcelled locations for factories can be obtained, or are offered, in all the States reach- ed by the Southern System. Illustrated publi- cations and full information upon request. . . M. V. RICHARDS. LAND .\ND INDUSTRIAL AGENT. Washington, D. C. CHAS. S. CHASE, M. A. HAYS. A(!ENT, Land and Indust'l Dept., Chemical Bldg.. St. Louis. Missouri. TRAV. A(;T., Land and Jiuiust'l Dept.. 'J'J5 Dfiirborn St., Chicago. Illinois. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦ one season, planting- in ro- tation ca.uliflower, cucum- bers, egg-plants, in beauti- ful, health-giving Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being- realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-growers. Thousands of acres open tc free homestead entry. Handsomely illustrated de- scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchange in Vir- g-inia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Line Railway, Portsmouth, Va. Splendid Location for Bee-keepers. Mr. A. I. Roofs Writings of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful section reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets of Uiohigan farm lands and the fruit Iselt, address J. E. Merrltt, Uanlstee, Ulchlgas. SPRAYPUMPS The Pump That Pump: SPRAY UMPS Doable-actin g.Lltt, | Tank and Spray PUMPS Store Ladders, Etc. of all kinds. Write for Circulars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel rollerbearings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown on the track— hence its name— "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buy in quantity. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland, • Ohio. bPluEii MADE. BuL "■■■"""■ Strong, Chicken- Tiiarht. Sold to the Farmerat Wholesale Friers. Fally Warranted. Catalog Free tOILKD SPRING FENCE CO. Box 101 Winehester, Indiana, C. S. A POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Tear. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry iVIagazine Beautifully illustrated. 60c yr. , shows readers how to succeed with Poultry. Special Introductory Offer. SyearseOcts; lyear25cts; 1 months trial lOcts. Stampsaocepted. Sample copy free. 148 page Illnstrateo practical poultry book free to yearly Bubscribers. Catalogue of poultry publications free. Poultry SuCCeSlCo., g;?Lgfleld.O. Farmers Voice Great (jji Co-Operative Club vl Send us the names of ten frlendi or neighbor* whom you bel>eve will be Interested in a jourua gtanding for the farmer s best Interests, and wf will send you these five great periodicals eacl i>t which stands at the head of Its class Farmer's Voice""" """'"'' Raral Weekly a For forty years the most earneit advocate of all things which tend to make life on the farm more pleasurable and profitable. $.601 Wayside Tales America's Great SLjrt Story Magazine, 90 pages In regular ma- gazine size of clean stories every month on fine uook paper. 1.00 Regular Price FOR 1.UVUVAA \^»- Lu^v ^vt^tti \ja,\j^i[. file American Pouitry Journal , 50 \ onlt 1 The oldest and best poultry paper Id the wor! *?* and in order that those who do not now ^ ^ get it may give it a good trial, we will ^ ^ send it for the last six months of 1904 ^ *t» (26 copies)— July I to Jan. i— and also "f Y one of our 't' ^ | «|j This offer is to new subscribers for the (^ (|j American Bee Journal. t|j <|> Prices of standard queens alone ^ 1 One for 75c; three for $2.10; six for $4.00. i. ^ f^ ^ If you wish to see a free copy of the old i. ijj American Bee Journal before accepting i. ,jt., the above special offer, just address i. ^^ Geo. W. York (D, Co. " 4* 334 Dearborn St., - CHicago, Ills. 4* 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 737 Selling 14,000 Pounds of extracted honey yearly, at ten cents a pound, to | some ideas by reading how Mr. France discovered and 3tXX) people, is what N. e;. "France has been doing, for several years; and in the Jiily Bee-keepers' Review he tells how he worked up this trade and holds it. He describes his methods and packages — the frontis- piece shows the latter. You may have a gold-mine in your own little village, and don't realize it. Get developed his mine. S« nd ten cents for this issue, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. = -WHAT THEY SAY. = W H. Pttnam:— I delayed answering your letter until I had read the June number of the Rural Bee-keeper, and must say, as a bee-keeper of 2'2 years' experience, I am more than pleased with it, regardless of the assertions of some that the publishing in this line was already overdone; and if the improvements continue it will cer- tainly be second to none within its first year of publication. I consider the June number alone worth several years subscription to any practical live bee-keeper: and I will say, let the good work go on and on. You have a good field; and the fact of our having a bee journal published in our own State should be a lasting stimulant to all bee-keepers of Wisconsin and the Northwest, and 50 cents certainly can not be invested to better advantage. You may send me some more blanks. Y'ours truly, Hillsboro, Wis Elias Fox. Send 10 cts. for three back numbers or 50 ots. for one year. W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls, Wis, Hunter-Trader-Trapper A. journal of information for hunt- ers, traders, and trappers; publish- ed monthly; subscription .$1.00 per Near; sample copies ten cents. Special time-offer, five months for 2So. Gleanings in Bee Culture and H-T-T each one year $1.50. HUNTER-TRADER-TRAPPER. Box9U. Gallipolis, Ohio. " InnrOSCO" ^® ^ little booklet by Swarthmore, llllllCQOC tells how to make up winter losses with less labor, without breaking full stocks. Entire- ly new plan, '25c. Prospectus free. Address Free to purchasers of queens. E, L. Prattt SWARTHMORE, PA., U.S.A. SIMPLEX HONEY-TAR » ,We have found a new glass jar for one pound of honey, which we think surpasses any other style we ever offered. It has a glass top which screws on to the glass jar with a rubber gasket between. The joint is on a taper so that, the further you screw the cover on, the tighter it makes the joint. It can be sealed absolutely air-tight; has no metal to rust or corrode. It is about % inch higher than the No. 25, which improves its appear- ance. We sell them at the same price as the No. 25, and have a carload in stock ready to fill orders. We first learned of this jar nearly a year ago, but have said nothing about it until we had the stock in hand ready to supply. We still have some No. 25 in stock for those who may prefer to con- tinue with it. We believe, however, the Simplex jar f ■m^ S<1/mJ^ ffarfk fAJUi. Sciuabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PBICES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something WOKTH look- ing INTO. Send for our fkee book, "How to Make Money with Squabs,' and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MASS. DID YOU LOSE HALF OF YOUR BEES ? Then save money by ordering jour stationery and honey-labels of us. Samples and prices free. It is in the doing we excel, and not in talking about it. Young Brothers, - Cirard, Penna. lA/a^M^-A/IT Lovers of Good Books WW Cl n iUQ ■ to write for list of 200 titles to select trom. Beautiful cloth-bound |1 books mailed for 50c. These books are by the best authors, 2G0 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO., Ref. Publishers of Gleanings.) Box 1 01 4, Denver.Col. IJ STORY EIGHT-FRAME L HIVE $1.00. Sections, Dovetailed hives, Foundation,and all supplies at Reduced Prices. Send for list. W. D. SOPER, • Route 3, JACKSON, MICH. M CHOICEST FRUIT and Urnumental Trevs, Shrubs, lio«ei>. Plants and Bulbs. Catalogue No. 1 free to purchasers of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. No. 3 free to buyers of Holland Bulbs and -'— Greenhouse Plants. Try us; satisfaction Kb guaranteed. Correspondence solicited. 51st i-ar. 44 greenhouses. lOCKJ acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. PAINESVILLE. OHIO. BARNES' Hand and Foot Power Machinery. This cut represents ouff combined circular saw, v^hich is made for bee- keeper's use in the con- struction of their hiveS(, sections, boxes, etc., etc Machines on Trial. Send for illustrated cata- log and prices. Address W. F. & Jno. Barnes Co., 545 Ruby St., Rockford. : lUlnols. will take the place of the No. 25. THE, A. I. R.OOT Co., Medina, O. HE COMBINED BREAKING strength of Page Poultry Fence is 25,000 pounds. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Box S, Adrian, Mich 738 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 1 BEWARE WHERE YOU BUY YOUR BEEWARE WISI n r^ IWATERTOWN, MAKES THE FINEST C. B. Lewis Company. Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Send for Catalog. •10 -Bel ELS j^. •ANDHOMEL- "^ •1NTE.F?EST6. ?ublishedyT«E7\l1^00l'C0 Si^perMar. '\s) Medina-Ohio* Vol XXXII. AUG. \, 1904. No. 15 Sweet- CLOVER pollen, quite unlike that of white clover, is of a rather dull yellow cjlor. Thanks, friend Womble, for additional testimony that alfalfa yields in the East, page 705. But please explain why you say, *' The only trouble I had was in getting- rid of it." That cut of Mack's swarm-catcher, page 706, should have a board cover instead of a wire one. [But the engraving had already been made before I noticed that our corres- pondent specified a board. — Ed.] Bro. Doolittle, p. 690, urges again the value of pollen. Keep it up, Bro. D., for a good many look upon pollen as so much dead waste. I formerly thought a pound of pollen was worth as much as a pound of honey. I'm inclined to think now that it's worth a little more. When Mr. Hooper showed he was an expert by "the way in which he picked up the frames, handled the smoker," etc., p. 694, did you note, Mr. Editor, whether his thumb or his fingers came next the fire-box of the smoker? [He handles it both ways; and, to be frank, I find myself using both ways. — Ed.] Migratory bee-keeping on a large scale seems contemplated in Belgium, by rail, a special train running for that pur- pose if a minimum of 16 cars are ordered, starting at 4 in the morning, stopping only to take on cars of bees at stations along the route, and making the trip in about six hours. [We shall be glad to have you give us the result of the experiment. — Ed.] Regarding the point raised by F. N. Somerford, page 704, the testimony is that a queen mates upon the wing, and without some very strong proof to the contrary it can hardly be believed that she mates in any other way. I don't know, but I believe it is a physical impossibility for a queen to mate in the hive, hence an impossibility for a queen to mate after she is clipped. Look here— isn't this thing of inventing new bee diseases being carried a little too far? First we had foul brood alone. Then came the "nameless disease" which was afterward "named" paralysis; and now we have black and pickled brood, and those Utah fellows are getting ready to take out a copyright on something else. Better stop soon. [May be it is not a new disease. Perhaps later developments will throw some light on the subject. — Ed.] Right, Mr. Editor; let discussion as to manufactured comb honey come well to the front at St. Louis, and let the reporters try to pick out two sections just exactly alike. [Yes, let us ofl'er to give them $500 or even $1000 if they can find two sections that are exactly alike in filling and cap- ping. Of course, if comb honey were man- ufactured there would be a lot of combs that would have the same imprint, the same pop-holes, the sanie regular capping, and every thing else the same. — Ed.] Stenog, p. 689, speaks of the good work of the Atnerican Bee Journal in convention reports, and of Gleanings leaving that field free. What a blessing that is will be appreciated by those who are familiar with European bee-journals. After one of the big conventions, different journals will have page after page of the same thing reported, and some of the little fellows will tag along after, copying from the others. Then, too, there is a big difi^erence in the time of get- ting out the reports. Mr. York will rush through a long stenographic report in a very few numbers, while foreign reports will string along for a year — sometimes longer ! Safford's extracting-frame, according to my experience, is worth while. I tried the simple frame advised by the editor, but it 740 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 1 was too much trouble to keep the sections from tumbling- out. Took too much time. There's a mix-up in the last sentence of the footnote: " I see our artist has made your frame hold six sections instead of four. The former would not go in an ordinary standard extractor." You can straighten that up to suit yourself, Mr. Editor, but in any case will not eight sections take about the same room as an ordinary extracting- frame? [We shall be glad to get your tes- timony, doctor. Yes, it was my mistake. The cut was all right, after all. — Ed.] Fastening foundation in brood frames by the wedge-and-groove method works so beautifully here that it seems to me if I were you, Bro. Morehouse, I'd try baking all the shrink out of the wedges in Colora- do. P. 692. [A queer world this. There are some people who do not make the wedge- and-groove plan work, and they have not a dry climate either; and there are still oth- ers who will not have any thing else. Very o^ten our subscribers wonder why we do not make supplies to suit their particular notions. One will say, "If you make such an article so and so, it will be all right." But that man's idea of the thing would be all wrong with another. — P>d.] More and moke American methods of bee-keeping are gaining recognition in European countries. They pake fun at us as given to faking, but all the same I no- tice that it is becoming quite the fashion to have items copied from American journals, some of them at second and third hand. V Apiculture , the oldest of the French bee- journals, now in its 48th year, which for- merly ignored American journals, now quotes freely from them, and has secured as a regular correspondent none other than our good friend C. P. Dadant. The whirl- igig of time brings strange revolutions. Formerly U Apiculture fought bitterly the teachings of the elder Dadant: now it seeks the teachings of the son, [See article else- where on this subject in this issue. — Ed] Friend A. I., I enjoyed reading your Horne talk, p. 611, and heartily endorse all feel very sure it does. One meaning of "adore" is "to render divine honors to," and in that sense it does not fit at your stage of life, nor at any other stage. An- other meaning is to "feel or exhibit pro- found regard or affection for;" and if it doesn't fit in that sense, then I want to cut j^our acquaintance. You needn't apologize in person; a printed apology will answer. [My dear old friend, I do not know but I shall have to acknowledge to you that I think just as you do; but it did not seem quite proper that I should say it right out before the great wide world. And another thing, Christ Jesus should always come first, even before the wives God has given us. I feel sure j'ou will agree with me in this.— A. I. R.] At one end of the line stand those who say that it is best to leave superseding of queens entirely to the bees; at the other end stands that Rocky Mountain chap, say- ing, "If a queen dares to live more than a year, kill her." Of the two extremes I think the first would be the safer in this locality. But I'd rather stand in the mid- dle of the line. Generally, the bees in this region will supersede a queen as soon as any superseding is needed. "Whenever a queen is not doing good work, her head should come off, whether she is more or less than a year old. I wonder if there isn't something about the climate that makes queens play out quicker in Colorado. I fancy Bro. Morehouse flinging back at me something like this: "Generally, in this region a queen does her best work in her first year; and if you should take off her head when she shows failure the following spring j'ou'd interfere seriously with build- ing up for the harvest." And I don't know of any good reply to make. Mr. Ethics shut himself up, did some hard thinking, and concluded that no bee- keeper has any right of any sort to the territory he occupies, page 595. If Mr. Ethics will shut himself up again, and do a little harder thinking, he may conclude that he has taker a very superficial view of the case. He thinks that the men who own the land "have the same moral right to keep bees for the production of honey that they have to keep cows for the produc- tion of butter and cheese." The man who produces butter owns the feed he gives his cows; if I should take any of that feed he could have me punished for theft. Does he own the nectar produced on his land? If I, through my bees, should appropriate that nectar, could he have me arrested for theft? Years ago I was foolhardy enough to say that there should be laws protecting a bee- keeper in his rights to a given territory. Prof. Cook was my strongest opponent, but he said it might as well be understood first as last that the man who owned the land didn't own the nectar on it. You haven't yet taken in the whole case, Mr. Ethics. ^J^eieJhboKsJieldj )? DEUTSCHE IMKER AUS BOHMEN. The present status of bee stings for the cure of rheumatism, or at least the allevi- ation of that terrible scourge of the hu- man race, is receiving much attention in Europe. The following in regard to the matter appeared lately in the German pe- riodical I am quoting, from the pen of Dr. 19(14 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 741 J. Langer, of Prague, Bohemia. At first I thought I would not translate it; but the communication from J^Ir. Rich, in this is- sue, caused me to change my mind. Then I could not find the journal; but, fortunate- ly, I found a translation of it in IJ Aheille (The Bee), one of the best French bee- journals published, although it does not come from France. As the matter will not suffer by being run through a French col- ander I give it here as I find it. Each reader can draw his own conclusion as well as his own stings after he has received them; but it seems to be certain that the time has passed by when the use of stings for rheumatism can be regarded as entirely a fad or a piece of superstition. The belief that the stiug of the bee may exercise a salutary influence on rheumatic pains is very widely spread among bee-keepers, and dates back from early times. Berlepsch mentions very briefly this fact in his manual, and declares that it is very easy to believe and easy to explain. Since mj' researches on the poison of bees were made known, a number of bee-keepers and doctors have questioned me concerning my opinion as to the influence of stings in rheumatism. Having made no personal experiments on this subject I have been in the habit of replying that, very likely, the matter con- tained in bee-poison operates on the patient like ap- plications of blisters made by cantharides. Dr. Terc, a physician at ^Marburg, made a number ot personal applications in this way. As early as 1888 he had applied about 39,000 stings of bees to 173 per- sons, and he made note of the remarkable coinci- dences between the application of the remedy and the relief of rheumatism. In 1903 he presented the re- sult of some new observations to the Royal and Im- perial Society at Vienna. As his report is not yet printed, the author has confided to me his manuscript. It is a summing-up of the cases already noted — experi- ments made on more than 500 persons. Being a bee- keeper and a doctor, I believe it is my duty to give the result of this interesting work to the bee keeping world. The results obtained by this doctor cause him to speak with enthusiasm on the use of bee-stings as a cure for rheumatism. He is persuaded that all artic- ulatory rheumatism, chronic or not, is curable by the poison of the bee; and the disease is healed more rap- idly if the cure is applied early. It should be noted that each case presents characteristics peculiar to it- self. The doctor is under the impression that these stings have also a very salutary influence in the cure of acute rheumatism. He was impressed by the fact that none of the 30 patients attacked by that kind of rheu- matism was afflicted with heart trouble. Stings have even been efficacious in cases of muscular rheumatism and facial neuralgia. The effect of the poison is local or general. The latter renders the sufferer immune, and thus leads to a cure It is slower than other reme- dies— for example, salicylic acid, but it surpasses them in its effect. The doctor and the patient should have patience and confidence. This remedy should be kept from children and old people, those who show a complication of troubles such as a lack of blood, tuber- culosis, inflammation of the kindeys, or fever. How- ever, in the case of the latter as soon as the fever has disappeared one may apply the cure in question to the patient. Dr. Terc has seen no danger except in a case of weakness of the heart; and he is disposed to believe that serious troubles with the circulatory ap- paratus are present when several applications of stings produce general troubles. When from time to time we read of the death of a man, occasioned by a single sting, we may rest assured that his days and perhaps his hours were numbered, and that he would have succumbed soon without any accident. The method of application is very simple. The bee is seized between the thumb and first finger. It is made to sting on the spot chosen, and is killed by squeezing it. The sting remains in the wound, or at least is not removed until the automatic movements of that organ have entirely ceased. Dr. Terc begins his cure by applying one or sometimes three .stings, applied at the extremities or on the back. According to the reactions produced he increases the number more or less. He has applied as many as 150 in a day; but in general he advises that not more than 100 be used. The treatment extends through ore, two, or even three years. After beginning, he causes the patient to make care- ful observations for three days, after which he can with certainty predict the cure of the patient, other- wise he dissuades him from continuing further. The pain of the cure is woeful and progressive, and it needs a certain degree of heroism to go to the end. On this account it will be readily understood that the methods used by Dr. Terc become popular very slow- ly; nevertheless they never disappoint one who per- severes in them. It is self-evident that the sting cure does not do away with the changing operations in the body of the patient, such as atrophy and the degenera- tion of tissue. Perhaps we shall be able some day to make a serum from animals rendered immune to the stings of bees; then it will be possible to apply that remedy in a way less painful to the human body. "I hail with pleasure," says Dr. Terc, "every im- provement in the method I have indicated. As for me. I am fully resolved on the task I imposed on my- self 23 years ago." SOURED HONEY. "Say, Doolittle, I am in a 'peck of half- bushels' this morning, as the old lady said." "What is the trouble to-day, Brown?" " You know I had my honey all piled up nicely in the parlor of the house. Wife took up the carpet last spring on account of the carpet-bugs getting into the carpet, and she told me I could put our section honey in that room this year to save lugging it upstairs. I thought this would be quite a scheme, and last night I found, after I had taken off two tiers of the sections in crating the honey yesterday that the sections further in the pile had a watery appearance, while those near the floor at the bottom smelled quite sour; and some I had taken off before all the cells were sealed had actually run out on the floor, and was so sour and thin that I was almost scared. Can you help me any?" "In the first place, sections having many unsealed cells should have been allowed to stay on the hive till all the cells were sealed; for unsealed honey should not be put on the market to the injury of the sale of good honey. Where honey is left on the hive till fully ripened and sealed over, it is not as liable to sour as that which is un- sealed is." "I thought possibly this was a cause of part of my trouble, and you can rest as- sured I shall never do it again." "I hope not. But there is a possibility that there might have been some other trou- ble with the honey, for I have noticed that certain kinds of honey, like apple-bloom and dandelion, will not ripen up in the same room in which clover and basswood honey will do fairly well. Then in certain seasons the bees will seal up honey ver_y 742 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 1 much more unripe and thin than they will in other seasons; and the more unripe honey is, even when capped over, the more liable it is to grow thinner, and sour in a room in which thoroughly ripe honey will keep quite well." "That accounts for a part of it again, for it was my very early honey which was the worst." "I judged that would be so. But all honey, if kept long enough in a cool damp room, will sour after a while, as it will ab- sorb the moisture from the room where the same is cool and damp, like a lower room on the north side of a house with no draft of air through it." "That hits me again, for our parlor is in the northwest corner of the house, over the cellar, and the blinds and all windows have been kept closed. And I thought that was just as good as upstairs, where I had al- ways kept it before. I had to calk some of the cracks up there, they were so big I feared the bees would get in. I shall know better next year, you bet." "How did you pile the honey in the room?" "Set it right down on the floor, of course. How would you pile it?" "Not like that. I see you missed in your piling one very important point in this mat- ter. No one should ever place nice section honey, nor any other, for that matter, on the floor of any room, no matter what the temperature, nor how thoroughly ventilat- ed." "Why not?" "Let me give you a little of my experi- ence. When I first began bee-keeping I used a room q uite similar to what you say your parlor is, and did just as you did in putting the sections on the fl oor." "Well, it seems that others have been caught the same as I. This is a little con- solation, but it won't help the honey. Ex- cuse my breaking in. I felt like it, that was all; " "When I came to crating that honey I found that the honey in the sections next the wall and floor to the room had soured — not only that in any unsealed cells next to the wood that chanced to have honey in them, but that the honey was bursting from the sealed cells, while that next the outside of the pile, and higher up in the room, and out from the wall, had not grown thin or watery at all. I took the hint at once, and the very next year found me with a tempo- rary platform fixed in a room on the sunny s ide of the house, and screens over the win- dows, the windows being left open fair days. This platform was made of slats of suffi- cient strength to hold the honey, the same being spread apart enough so that the edges of the sections j ust caught on them, said platform being raised a foot from the floor. When another tier of sections was to go on top, strips were placed between, and so on clear to the top of the pile, and in this way there was no hindrance to the air from cir- culating all through the pile, and up along the face of every section, on both sides, and also above and between each row of the same." "Did this work?" "Certainly it did; and I have never had any honey sour — no, not even the honey in any unsealed cells that might happen to be along the wood of the section." "Well, that is worth knowing, and I am glad I could have this talk with j'^ou. But what can I do with my honey that is watery now?" " If you will fix such a platform up in your upstairs room you used to store honey in previous to this year, and store the watery honey there for a few weeks, I think it will improve so as to be salable; but that which has soured can not be brought back very well again — not well enough to be salable at least, according to my experi- ence. You can use it for early feeding of the bees next spring, if you desire; but I should not want to feed it this fall, for the bees might not winter well on it." "Then you would not try to sell it?" "No. I would extract the honey out of the combs this fall, allow the bees to clean up the combs by putting a whole superful over a strong colony, and, after cleaning, store the combs away till spring, when they can be used for bait sections next year. In this way it will not be an entire loss to you." "Won't that which the bees get by clean- ing the sections harm them?" "I do not think so, as there will be very little honey left after extracting, as the honey will be so thin it will nearly all leave the comb." "But suppose the bees should not have honey enough for winter. Is there no way I can use this honey for feeding?" "You can scald it, or cook it until it is suflicientl}' thickened so as to be like other good honey, all but the flavor, when it might do for winter feeding. But I would go a little slow on it." Let me urge again the very great impor- tance of getting your comb honey to market as early as possible. Why it should sell better from August on till January than from January till August I can not say ; but the honey-buyers and commission men know that this is a fact. NO-DRIP CLEATS TOO THIN. Mr. R. a. Burnett is reported in the American Bee Journal as saying that the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 743 no-drip cleats in no drip shipping--cases should not be less than '4 inch thick. When only 's inch, the sections are not raised high enoug-h to be out of the drip that may run out of the combs. Mr. Burnett is doubt- less correct for Chicag-o and vicinity. In Colorado the bee-keepers want the strips no thicker than js inch. We should be glad to get expressions from honey- buyers and commission men as well as bee-keepers. AN UNUSUAL AMOUNT OF SWEET CLOVER. There seems to be an unusual amount of sweet clover this season — so much of it that our bees have not annoyed us by robbing as they usually do at this season of the year. While, undoubtedly, a part of the honey comes from white clover that is not yet out of bloom, there is a good big portion of it that comes from sweet clover, because bees seem quite busy on it. Sweet clover is not a noxious weed, be- cause it grows where nothing else can thrive. It is spreading from one end of the country to the other; and I believe it is go- ing to be a great help to the bee business, for it will keep down the robbing tendency, and at the same time give the bees suffi- cient stores to take care of their daily needs without drawing on the winter supply gath- ered in the height of the season. NOTHING GAINED BY SELLING UNRIPE HON- EY, AND MUCH TO LOSE. The American Bee-keeper, in indorsing a statement in an exchange, to the effect that unripe honey on the market has done much to injure the business, goes further and says there is no advantage gained in extracting before the honey ripens, because '•ninety per cent of the total evaporation comes duiing the first night in the hive, and the further improvement is not so much a matter of evaporation as a matter of in- tluence caused by the presence of the bees —an influence subtile, but positively known to every experienced apiarist, whereby the honey slowly but surely attains that de- gree of body and flavor that makes the consumer who samples it wish for more." I wish to indorse most heartily the senti- ment that no bee-keeper should put out ex- tracted honey until the same has been most thoroughly ripened. There are times when unsealed combs can be extracted without waiting for it to be capped over; but as a rule the average person had better wait un- til every inch of comb is completely capped. THE UNTIMELY DEATH OF H. C. MORE- HOUSE. It is with very much regret that we are compelled to record the death of Mr. H. C. Morehouse, one of our editorial writers, July 24, at Boulder, Col., after a severe ill- ness of only nine days. We had only re- cently engaged him to edit the department of Rocky Mountain Bee-keeping, and the two first installments which we have already published certify to his excellent editorial ability. He had something over a thousand colonies. He was a man of ripe experience, and from our brief acquaintance with him we judge him to have been a most lovable man. Gleanings feels that it has suffered a severe loss in the death of so excellent a writer; and although he had just begun his work, yet so excellent was the charac- ter of it that he could not help leaving his impress on the minds of our readers. He leaves a wife, and a boy two years old. We extend to the family our sincere sym- pathy. MATING QUEENS IN MINIATURE NUCLEI AN APPARENT success. Several times the belief has been ex- pressed in these columns by correspondents and even by m3'self that the miniature queen-mating nuclei as recommended by Swarthmore (E. L. Pratt) were so unreli- able as to be practically a failure; and it is true that our correspondent has abandoned some of his earlier models and the manner of using them. While he made them work, he has devised better ones. One of our correspondents, after testing his first nuclei, reported that the experi- ment had been very expensive in that every one of the small Swarthmore nuclei into which he put a queen had failed in having even one queen successfully mated — bees swarmed out, they were robbed out, etc., and that he did not think we should publish such stuft". But notwithstanding all the adverse reports, Mr. Pratt has been con- tinuing to work at the problem, claiming that he was having queens mated in them successfully. Dr. E. F. Phillips, of the University of Pennsylvania, visited him at his home, in the height of his queen- rearing operations last season, and saw that he was indeed making a success of these "baby nuclei." When he came to Medina to renew his sci- entific work he reported what Swarthmore was doing. We had some small one-frame boxes made, and, later on, some of two frames. They have been put to the test, and so far are working very satisfactorily. But honey has been coming in a little every day, and this may make a difference. However, we have reason to believe they will work later on, because we have thus far attained a degree of success far beyond what we have had before. We have had reports from various queen- breeders who have made these little nuclei work; and we feel satisfied that what oth- ers can do we can. This matter is not alone interesting to the queen-breeder. It will mean a great mary dollars to the honey- producer. When he is ready to requeen, all he will have to do will be to make up a batch of 25 or 30 nuclei and give them virgins or ripe cells. A few nuclei like this will raise all the queens he will need, in a short space of time, and the expense will be merely tri- fling. He will hardly need to use up one "44 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 1 colony for this number, as the nuclei will be so small. When Dr. Phillips visited Swarthmore he found that sometimes, when he caged a laying queen out of the little nuclei, he put all the bees in the mailing- cage. That seemed incredible at the time; but we have done the same thing right here in Medina. This matter is of considerable impor- tance, because there will be no reason now why the honey-producer can not requeen at least once in two years, and oftener if he thinks there is any advantage in it, at a great saving of time and nuclei. The great majority of the best producers requeen once in two years, and some go even so far as to think it best to requeen every year, because there will be less swarming when a colony has a young queen and less drone brood. HOW TO SHIP BEES. At different times we have had requests for an article on how to ship bees. As we have had a large experience we have thought best to describe the method we use. The very heavy winter losses made an ex- ceptionally heavy demand for bees in nu- cleus and colony form this past spring and early summer. While we have been uni- formly successful, yet we have been experi- menting and testing various forms of ship- ping-boxes, until we now have something that stands the test for all seasons of the year for long travel, and which on arrival delivers the bees fresh and in good order. Of all the hundreds of nuclei we have shipped this season, I do not think there has been a single complaint of bees arriving in bad order. The illustration opposite gives almost at a glance our method of shipping three-frame nuclei, the one, two, and four frame being made exactly in the same way, only narrow- er or wider as the case may be. The box for lightness is made of well- seasoned bass- wood, only fV thick for the sides and ^/i for the ends. Galvanized wire cloth is nailed under the bottom; and that the edges may not fray out or become loose, narrow strips are nailed along the sides as shown. The galvanized cloth is much stronger, and is, therefore, used for the bottom. To raise this up so as to provide ventilation, two cleats are nailed across the two ends. For the coverwehave common wire cloth folded to the proper width, but secured to thin board, of the kind shown detached at the top and bottom of the engraving. The end of the wire cloth is nailed on to the cleats shown at the upper right-hand corner, secured to square blocks supporting a thin board iV of an inch thick. When this whole cover is set down on to the nucleus, it covers the space left open at the ends of the frames; and when the end-blocks are nailed in place we have a convenient hold whereby the box can be lifted and carried about. The thin board is nailed over the top, not only to protect the wire cloth beneath from the corners of boxes or any sharp projec- tion, but in order to shade it from the hot sun. In spite of printed requests to the con- trary, expressmen will leave the bees out in the hot sun; and this of itself may kill the bees or put them in poor condition on arrival. Hoffman frames ordinarily do not need to be secured; but as an additional precaution for rough handling we have cleats grooved to come down over the ends of the top-bars, as shown in the illustration. These are nailed in place. Similar cleats, nailed on the inside of the ends, hold the end bars securely. On the side of the box are pasted some neatly printed directions telling all about stimulative feeding to make a strong colony of the nucleus. Indeed, it gives full direc- tions how to make increase so that almost any beginner with a little lot of bees like this can go ahead understandingly and meet with success. In selecting our combs we take those that are just as light in stores as possible — no more than enough to carry the bees through safely to their destination ; for even at a rate and a half, the expressage may be considerably more than the value of the bees. Therefore we have the box made of bass wood, which for its weight is about as strong and tough as any wood we know of. Then it is cut down to only ,\- inch in thick- ness, so that three-frame boxes weigh only 3 lbs. With three light combs of brood covered with bees the whole thing weighs 12 lbs. I said that we shipped bees in full-sized hives. For this purpose we take brand- new hives, newly painted; secure the bottom- bar to the hive with double-pointed staples. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 745 Wire cloth is nailed on to a frame the same size as the top of the hive, and 1,'2 inches deep. The wire cloth should never come close to the top of the frame, for the bees should have a clustering' space where they can get a good deal of air in case of neces- sity. Frames are secured in the same man- ner as in the shipping- boxes; and when the bees are ready to be shipped out, the cover is secured by corner posts to a distance of l}-2 inches over the top of the wire cloth. The purpose of the cover is to protect the wire cloth, both from the sun and from the sharp corners of boxes or other articles. The hive, of course, weighs a great deal more than a shipping-box; but the customer, on receipt of it, has only to put the hive in place, remove the wire cloth, insert the alighting-board, put on the cover, and the bees are "at home." Right after a honey- flow it is not always possible to secure combs that are light in stores. For that reason the shipment will be a little heavier in July and August than in May or June. ANOTHER COMB- HONEY CANARD. The following is an extract from the Pittsburgh, Pa., Gazette, of Sunday, July 24, 1904: HONEY-COMBS ARE MADE FROM Oil.. ARTIFICIAL PROCESS IS GUARDED SEDULOUSLY FROM THE GENERAL PUBLIC; CURIOUS USES OF PETROLEUM. Among the peculiar uses to which low-grade petro- leum and the refuse of the setter grades are now being put is that of the manufacture of artificial honey- combs. There are four factories devoted to this prod- uct in different part of Pennsylvania and Ohio, one of them being in the immediate neighborhood of Pitts- burgh. The process for making the combs is said to have been evolved by a petroleum expert only after years of experiment, and it is so much of a secret that not only are visitors excluded from the factories in which the combs are made, but the locations of the latter are kept secret as far as possible from all but those connected with or employed in them. The artificial honey co-nbs are so nearly like those made by the bees, both by the chemical composition of the wax as well as the cell formation, that the two can not be told apart, even by experts. The idea of making them was suggested by honey-dealers of the class whose " bees " produce more of the sweet article than combs can be found for. It is asserted, however, that neither the empty nor the filled combs find a market in this State, on account of the vigorous en- forcement of the pure-food law. Of course, we replied at once. We sent one of our SlOOO reward cards, and further agreed to give them the sum of SlOOO, back- ed by any kind of bond that their attorney could draw up, if they could prove that there were ayiywhere in the United States artificial combs, such as they described, filled with glucose or honey. We explain- ed that we are makers of comb foundation — a legitimate article that has been used by bee-keepers for years. While our letter may have some effect, yet letters received from thousands of peo- ple from all over the United States will have vastly more effect. We therefore re- quest our readers to sit down and write a short but courteous letter to the editor of the Pittsburgh Gazette, protesting against such statements as appeared in their issue for July 24, and request a retraction or a cor- rection, on the ground that the article in question is doing a very large class of hon- ey-producers a direct damage in that sus- picion is cast on the purity of all comb hon- ey. Do not delay this one day, but send your letter out the very next day if possi- ble. We are just on the eve of the comb- honey season, and such stories do an incal- culable damage to the market, and should be refuted at the very beginning of things. revised REPORT OF HONEV CROP FOR 1904. Since our last report conditions have im- proved; rains cersed, warm weather came on, with the result that there have been flows of clover and basswood honey. In some localities where clover had failed, basswood gave a fair yield. Were it not for the fact that there had been a heavy mortality of bees during the past winter, the crop of clover and basswood honey might be as heavy as last season; but in many localities where there have been good flows of honey there have been too few bees to gather it. It is therefore my opinion that the aggregate amount of clover and basswood honey will be much lighter than last season; and when I say this it should be understood that the crop last year was exceptionally heavy, heavier than we reported for the reason that a large amount of honey not reported was dumped onto the market after the regular selling season. Many held back thinking to get better prices; but in this they were most woefully disappointed, and they have no one to blame but themselves. To particularize, the yield in parts of Wisconsin, Minnesota and Michigan will be from one-fourth to one-half a crop; in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, New York, Penn- sylvania and Ohio, from the best informa- tion we can gather, the yield will be fair, but the aggregate amount of honey will not be as heavy as last year, owing to the aforesaid winter losses. Buckwheat in New York promises well. In the New Eng- land states, the yield has been light to fair. Reports are lacking from Colorado, but the few received indicate that the crop will not be as large as was anticipated; yield in Nevada will be good; in Utah will be largely a failure. We have not heard from Canada, but the prospects so far as we can gather are good. In th° meantime keep on sending postal card reports of the season. NO MORE DRONE-LAYERS WANTED. In our last issue we asked for drone- lay- ers, promising to seed a laying queen in- stead, providing such drone- layers were sent at once. We have now received all we require for the purpose of scientific investi- gation, and request our readers not to send any more. 746 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 1 N. E. FRANCE, GENERAL MANAGER OF THE NATIONAL BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION; FOUL-BROOD INSPECTOR, AND LECTURER AT FARMERS' INSTITUTES. Some eighteen or nineteen j-ears ago, about the time I began to take editorial charge of this journal, we received a few articles from Mr. E. France, the senior member of the firm of E. France & Son, at Platteville, "Wis. There was something about the writings of this veteran that showed unmistakably he was a master of his profession. The short cuts that he rec- ommended for facilitating the work of han- dling the bees showed very clearly that his knowledge came from that best of all schools — experience. At this time the son, N. E., was comparatively unknown; but some years later, when I visited the Frances, I had the pleasure of meeting the younger man, and I saw at a glance that he was a veritable chip of the old block. Intensely practical like his father, he was readier to grasp new ideas and inventions. The two, father and son, made a fine team; and that they pulled together is shown by the immense crops they secured. I learned that the junior France spent his winters in teaching school. Gradually the mantle that had been worn by the father was assumed by the son, and now he has come to be the principal man of the firm. But the younger France did not come prominently before the world until foul brood had got such a fearful start in Wisconsin. Then it was that he showed his ability " to do things " by going down to Madison and lobbying in the interests of one of the best foul- brood bills that has ever been passed — a measure which, through his generalship, became a law, and which has been in active operation for seven years. But at that time Mr. France had no idea of being himself foul-brood inspector. He sim- ply saw the urgent necessity of a strong and efficient measure that would stamp out the disease that threatened the destruction of a large part of the bees of Wisconsin. To make a long story short, he was ap- pointed inspector of apiaries — a position he has held with signal credit to himself for seven years ; and so faithfully has he per- formed his duties that, were it not for the importation of the disease from other States, he would have stamped it out. As it is, he has it well under control. For sixteen years preceding his appoint- ment as inspector he was engaged with his father in producing immense crops of honey and big shipments of fruit. During that time they have produced the enormous amount of 460,000 lbs. of honey, or an aver- age of 27,850 lbs. per annum, from an aver- age of about 450 colonies located in several outyards. But, as if so many bees were not enough to keep them busy, they ran in connection with the bees a twenty- acre fruit-farm, selling annually $50.00 to $80.00 worth of asparagus; $150 worth of beets for stock feed, and from 3000 to 12,000 quarts of berries. Of course, they do not attempt to do all the work themselves; but during five to sev- en weeks in the height of the season they employ some thirty or more persons, most of whom are boys from sixteen to twenty years of age. To get the best results pos- sible, each hand is drilled for some special out that line of work. The junior France's prominence as a bee- keeper, and his successful work as inspec- tor, soon drew the attention of the authori- ties of the State to him, with the result that he was finally sent out to lecture at far- mers' institutes. He is away a great deal of the summer, except during the berry and honey season, and a large part of the win- ters. He lectures at a hundred institutes each winter in his own State, and some- times he is called to go into other States to talk bees and fruit to the farmers. So per- sistentlj' is he being sent from one town to another that he travels something like 4000 miles by rail each year, inspecting apia- ries and treating bees, and about 2000 in attending institutes. Some few years ago, when Mr. Secor an- nounced that he could not accept the posi- tion of General Manager of the N. B. K. A. any further, and requested the members to look for some one else, a careful canvass was made on a part of some of the leaders of the organization, resulting finally in the selection and election of Mr. France for the important office. Notwithstanding he has held the position but a little over a year, the membership under his management has increased about half. He has been found tactful, careful, and capable ; and at the present time he enjoys the respect and con- fidence, not only of the people of his own State, but of the bee-keepers all over the country. Personally, Mr. France is a pleasant man to meet. He is square of build, rug- ged and forceful in appearance, and when you hear him talk you can not help feeling that there is a man like his father — one who knows perfectly well what he is talk- ing about. For twelve years he has been President of the Southern Wisconsin Bee-keepers' As- sociation; four years Secretary of the Wis- consin State Bee-keepers' Association, and five years President of the same organiza- tion; all of these in addition to his duties to the State and to the N. B. K. A. Verily he is a busy man. Some one said, if you wish to get any thing done, and done well, go to the busiest man you can find. While that is not always true, results go to show that the rule holds good in the case of Mr. France. He has been tried, and has not been found wanting. Notwithstanding he has been a tremen- dous worker, with these many duties that were thrust upon him by his State and by the bee-keepers at large all over ihe coun- try, and notwithstanding the advanced age of his father requires that he take personal charge of their own large business, he is hale and hearty, and at 47 he is able to do what would crush many younger men. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 747 Perh;tps the secret can he explaiued by the fact that he never playtd cards nor g^am- bled; never drank any intoxicating' liquor, nor used tobacco, and that he has been a member of the Methodist Church since 1880. But I came ver}' near forgetting^ to make reference to the engraving'. The large Cowan extractor show^s for itself. This is the m.;chine that Mr. France uses exclu- sively in his yards. At the left is shovrn one of the large quadruple hives, or, as some call them, "tenement" hives. The fact that E. France I'v: Son are the only users of such hives does not prove at all that the}' are not practicable when proper- 1}' managed. Over on the right are pack- ag-es in which the France honey is put up in small lots. Not all their honey is put up in this way, for a large part of their honey is put up in barrds and keg's. Mr. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St.. Philadelphia, is a very discriminating bu3er. For his city trade he can not have any thing but white clover honey. I remember his once getting a large shipment from E. France iSi: Son, because he knew their goods were first-class; and if the firm said it was strictl}' white clover, without basswood or anj' thing else, he could depend on the statement. Perhaps in this connection it might be well to state that Mr. France has tried the rew treatment of using formaldehyde gas fjr destroying the germs of foul brood. The test he has already made does not N. K. FRANCE. General Manager of the National Bee-keepers' Asso- ciation, and Foul-brood Inspector for Wisconsin. warrant him in recommending it to the average Wisconsin bee-keeper, as he found that some combs after treatment would transmit the disease again, and he there- •-is ^ ^.' J^*K1. FRANCE'S HIVE, EXTRACTOR, AND HONEY-P.\CKAGE. 748 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 1 fore coucludes in a recent report that the McEvoy treatment, after all, is the only re- liable one for the average person to use. LUMBER FOR HIVES. Some Interesting Data on the Way Lumber is be- in$r Cut and Exported from this Country; the Giant Trees ; California Redwood. BY W. A. PRYAL. The editorial remarks in Gleanings of May 15, concerning- the destruction of Mich- igan's pine forests, were timely and to the point. More should be done by the State and Federal authorities to preserve our timber-trees from wanton destruction. In California, too, in the past, much valuable timber has been ruthlessly ruined. To day government forest-rangers patrol our timber sections and thereby save them to quite an extent. A writer in the April number of the Re- view of Reviews says: "At present there is ruthless destruction and waste going on in southern forests — destruction which, in years to come, will be wondered at. What were, a short time ago, virgin tracts of tim- ber-land, DOW are blackened, desolate bar- rens, swept yearly by forest fires, produc- ing nothing except scrub oak and gnarled little field pines, each year becoming hope- lessly an unprofitable desert." And what has been helping to denude the yellow-pine forests of the South and the white-pine forests of Michigan and other Northern States has been playing like havoc elsewhere in the United States. I have seen long stretches of mountain-sides in Santa Cruz Co., California, cleaned of pine and fir trees by forest fires. Only here and there would remain a blackened shaft to tell the tale that once on those grand slopes stately trees reared their tops to heaven. The California redwocd fares better, for it is a sort of salamander among trees. While the fire-fiend is not so apt to do it any last- ing harm, still the vandal woodman too oft- en depredates the sacred precincts where it grows. Too o't, I say, its noble form is laid prone upon the hillside there to decay, all for the reason that the timber hunter wanted to get a few feet of the straight- grained wood from its trunk for shakes, shingles, railroad ties, or "split" rails. The portion that would make boards with but few knots is left to rot or burn. The present consumption of timber for do- mes'ic use and fDr export trade in the Unit- ed States is something astounding. Few persons have any adequate conception of the output of our kimber-mills. The writer above referred to states that " the output of Southern yellow-pine mills during 1902 was over 9,500,000,000 superficial feet . . . and that if this lumber were in the form of boards one inch thick and one foot wide, and these boards were put end to end, they would form a continuous belt running from the earth to the moon over seven times." Add to this the output from the remainder of the country, and what a vast quantity of lum- ber itmustbel We are living too fast — yea, we are consuming the blessings given us. at a rate that may leave future generations to sit out in the cold and freeze to death. The great lumber section of this country at the present time is in the North > est — Washington, Oregon, and the northern por- tion of California, including a narrow strip extending down the Sierra Nevadas into Southern California. It is to this portion of the United States that the East is looking for its future supply of building material. It has caused more than one railroad mag- nate to extend his bands of steel to the Pa- cific, there to tap the pine forests. To-day railroads are being built into the redwood forests of California. Until recently the trade was satisfied with what would come to market by coasting vessels. And now across the continent comes the question, "What shall we bee-keepers of the East make our hives of when our sup- ply of white pine is exhausted? " To this Californians can answer, " We can give you the finest hive material in the world. We have two kinds of wood to offer you, but our redwood is the best of all." Yes, and it is to be had in abundance. As is pretty well known, this tree is to be found in Northern California along the coast. I have often thought it a shame that so fine a wood should be used for hive material. But why should we hesitate to convert it into hives when the Californian uses it for pig- stys, hen-coops, watering- troughs, wine- vats — in short, every thing that he uses on the ranch, orchard, vineyard, mine, and factory is made out of this great utility wood. It is an easy wood to work, and it is still sold at a reasonable price. It forms the shingles that shelter the Californian from the elements above; it makes the mud- sills that support the house as well as the rustic who encloses it about; and when the time comes for his worn-out remains to be put in their last resting-place, a redwood casket becomes his final home. W^hat a generous wood I what a glorious and all- seeing Providence, to provide so liberally for the inhabitants of the Sunset Land! It would seem that it was no afterthought of the Creator in thus placing forests of 8U3h valuable wood in what may be said to be the last great land thrown open to civilized man. There, half a century ago, were dis- covered trees that were bigger before Adam was created than were the trees the aver age man sees in his daily walks, if we can 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 749 place any reliance upon the speculations of scientists who say some specimens of the gigrantic troes of California are more than six thousand years old. To day these trees stand the oldest living- wonders of God's handiwork. There may be "sermons in stones and music in running brools," but grand indeed is the inspiration to be had as we stand in awe and view the majestic trees of California. While the big trees {Sequoia gi^antea) are capable of furnishing hive material, it is to their younger cousins, the redwoods (.v. sempervirens), that we turn for our hive stuff. The former trees are to be found in a few small groves in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the eastern portion of the State; 1he latter, in forests of greater or less extent from the Bay of Monterey north- ward along the coast to near the Oregon THE TYPICAL REDWOOD FOREST-TREES OF CALIFORNIA. 750 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 1 line. A few of the smaller of these forests, especially in San Mateo, Alameda, and Contra Costa Counties, have already been deprived of their timber trees. Being- near San Francisco, they were the first drawn upon for lumber. None of these small for- ests had many trees of remarkable size. In Santa Cruz Co. some large redwoods are to be found, and it will be many years be- fore the woodsman fells the last one. It is only a few years back since a grove of these Irees was found in the Big Basin, sixteen miles north of Santa Cruz, toward San Francisco. The State has since ac- quired ownership of the Basin, and con- verted it into a public park. In this park are to be found some of the largest redwood trees in existence. The tree is a native of California, and the State wishes to pre- serve the finest grove, as it is also doing with the big trees already referred to. Northward of the Pacific metropolis, in Sonoma, Mendocino, and Humboldt Coun- ties, are' dense forests of redwood. While thousands of fine trees have been ruthlesslj' slaughtered, there is yet a supply left that it will take years, may be a century or more, to remove. Those who have been over the coast country tell me that the for- ests so far have only been "fringed" in places. This is encouraging; j^et the lum- ber-hunters may swarm into these forests and fell the trees in the most strenuous man- ner. Ten years ago, when traveling in com- pany with the late Mr. J. H. Martin (the lamented Rambler), several times for a good portion of a da} we would traverse a redwood forest, the trees of which would sometimes be fully six feet in diameter. These trees would be far fiom the habita- tion of man, and further still from a rail- road. The vastness of these forests can not be realized until one has been within the silent and cathedral- like expanse the3' form. Tbey truly must have been " God's first temples." Ofitimes the trees are so tall and close together that the very light above is shut out. It is in these northern countries that the rainfall is greatest in California. Such a thing as a dry year is unknown. The county of Mendocino, which has boundless redwood forests, is one-half the size of Massachusetts. Then the forests of Humboldt are nearly as large. The city of Eureka owes its prosperity principally to its being a redwood center. I visited one of its lumber-mills, and was struck with wonder at the rapidity with which immense logs are converted into building material. Big band saws would cut through a log as fast as the truck or car could feed it to the saw, and the inch sheet or slab of wood, often from four to six feet across, would then be carried to another machine, which would trim it and then cut it into boards of the required widths. The demand for this wood during the past four or five years in our Californian cities, owing to the rapidly increasing population, has been great, and the price incre:i£ed so high that the mills of Oregon are sending in a pine rustic which is being used as a substitute for redwood rustic, the pine being cheaper, and, as might be expected, far inferior to the other. To show how highly redwood is prized, it will suffice to state that cirpenters and architects will not allow any thing but the former wood to be used on the front of a building, mainly because it is sc> durable and almost free from shrinkage. While Oregon pine forms the framework and floors of a California building, it is redwood that is used for shingles and the siding and mil] work portions. Nothing else will do, as already stated. Until a few years ago the wocd chopper cut the trees ofi" high above the ground. This was owintr to the butts being heavy, and inc !!ii^ Si Golden Italian and Leather Colored, QUEENS Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by Quirin=the=Queen=Breeder. We guarantee every queen sent out to please you, or it may be returned inside of (jO days, and another will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long=tongued Red=Clover Breeders in the United States. We send out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any State, continental island, or European Country. The A.. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our stock, from time to time. Dr. J. I,. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., saj'S that he secured over 400 pounds of honey (mostly comb), from single colonies containing our queens. Last winter was a severe test on Bees, But Quirin's Famous Leath= er=colored Italians wintered on their summer stands, within a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. . . . Queens now Ready to go by Return Mail. Our new circular now ready to mail. ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO Prices after July 1. I 1 I 6 I 12 Select Tested Select lested Breeders Straight five-band breeders ... Palestine queens Two-comb nuclei, no queen... Full colony on eight frames... Four fr's brood, & -1 fr's f'd'n $ 75 1 4 00 1 00 5 00 1 50 8 00 3 00 15 00 5 00 1 50 8 00 2 25 12 00 5 00 25 00 4 00 22 00 5 7 00 9 00 15 00 15 00 22 00 Special low prices on Queens and Nuclei in 50 and 100 Lots. Nuclei on L. or Danzenbaker frames. I Quirin=the=Queen= Breeder, Beiievue, o. r =Victor's= ^ Superior Stock Is recognized as such, to the extent that last season I was compelled to withdraw my ad. to keep from being swamped with orders. THIS SEASON I SHALIv RUN MY Thirteen Hundred Colonies Exclu= sively for Bees and Queens — and will therefore soon be able to — Have 2000 to 2200 Colonies and Nuclei in Operation which warrants me in promising prompt service. Untested QueensSl.OO; select un- tested $1.25; tested 81.50; select tested |2.50; breeders $4.00 to $7.00. Illustrated price list free for the asking. W. 0. VICTOR, Queen Specialist. WhartOM, TcX J BEES FOR SALE OVERSTOCKED. CWe have more bees than we can oper- ate, and offer them as follows: Full colony with good young- queens at $5.50 each; twenty or more, $5.00 each; three- frame nuclei with queens, $3.00 each; twenty or more, $2.50 each. Bees are all of the best improved races. The full colonies will be furnished in single story ten-frame Dovetailed hives, and have eight frames of brood, bees, and honey, and two frames of foundation. CAR LOTS. CWe will furnish bees in car lots as above at $4.50 per colony. LOCATIONS. CAny one wishing to locate in a fine bee country can find suitable locations near here, and we can supply you bees at satisfactory rates. Circulars and full information gladly given. Address THE HYDE BEE CO., FLORESVILLE, TEXAS. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 771 CARNIOLANS AND ITALIANS. •Untested Queen 75c.: Six for $3.90; Twelve for $6.00. Tested $1.25. Best Breeder $2.50. Imported $4.00. Special prices quoted on large orders. Having queen- rearing apiaries in the North and South we can fur- nish any number of queens on short notice. Safe ar- rival guaranteed. Price list free. F. A. IvOCKHART (Sb CO., X^ake Georg'e, - Ne^v York. Cari:\iolai\s. We are the largest breeders of this race of bees in America, having bred them for 18 years. We find them the ^^«//«(' bees known. Very hardy and pro- lific, good workers on red clover; great comb-builders, and their sealed combs are of a snowy whiteness. Italiaiks. Gentle, prolific, swarm very little, hustlers to work, and a red-clover strain. If tKe BE-ST Queens are wKat you want. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than llKW fine queens in stock ready for early orders. We guarantee satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and five banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queeni, $1.60 each; 6 for $7.00, or ,$12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $4.0'texul3ezT .t-'r-itses Un ested, each S .65; half doz. 83.75; doz. $ 7.00 Warranted, each 75; half doz. 4 25; doz. 8.00 Tested, each 1.25 Select tested, each 1,50 We have also a full line of bee-keepers' supplies including The A. I. Root Company's goods Root's Sections and Weed's Foundation a Specialty. Send for our 3'2-page illustrated catalog W. W. Gary & Son, Lyonsville, Mass. Virginia Queens Italian queens secured by a cross, and years of careful selection. From red-clover queens and Superior stock •obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson. I can furnish large vigorous untested queens 75 cts.; after June 15th, 60 cts.; tested queens, $1.00; after June 15th, 75 cents. Write for discount on large orders. CHAS. KOEPPEN. FreciericKsb\irg» - Virginia. Red Clover and Three and Five Banded Queens. Untested, 65 cts.; $7 per doz. Fine tested queens, 81.00 each. _ Four-frame nuclei, fine queen, in painted hive, $3 25. Remember - we guarantee our queens to work red clover as well as white clo- ver. Get my circular. Queens sent promptly. Fifty and one hundred specia prices. Q. ROUTZAHN, BIQLERVILLE, ROUTE 3, PENNA. MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS AS RED-CLOVER WORKERS. L. C. Medkiff, Salem, N. J., says: "I bought an un- tested queen of you last year, and her bees have filled three comb-honey supers, and did not swarm, while thirteen out of the fifteen other colonies did not get more than half that amount I have queens from six different breeders, and I class yours 100 per cent above them all. Your bees worked very strong on the first crop of red clover. I know they were yours, because I floured them with a dredge-box and watched the hive. They also worked strong on the second crop of red- clover and lima-bean blossoms." Untested queens, 75c each; six, S4.00; dozen, $7.50. Select untested, $1.00 each; six, $.5.00; dozen, 89.00. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for descriptive circular showing why my queen-trade has grown so fast. I am now filling orders by return mail, and shall probably be able to do so till the close of the season. J. P, MOORE, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Key, ^/)e Best Stock ! Twenty years' experience in rearing Italian queen bees, and producing honey on a large scale has taught me the value of the best stock, and what the best queens reared from that best stock mean to the hon- ey-producer. I have always tried to improve my stock by buying queens from breeders who breed for honey- gathering instead of color; then by crossing these different strains and selecting the best and breeding from them I have secured a strain of stock that is the equal of any for honey-gathering. Delanson, New York, July 10, 190'2. Mr. Robey— Dear Sir: The queens that I bought of you two years ago were the finest lot, and the best honey-gatherers of any queens I ever had, and I have had over 1000 queens from the principal queen-breed- ers of the United States. E. W. Ales.\nder. Warranted queens in any quantity, 60c. each. Safe de- livery and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. L. H. ROBEY •WTox-tHington, AV. Va. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 1 Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted uader this head at 15 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, and you must SAT you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will be charged our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w ANTED.— Second-hand Barnes foot-power saw. The a. I. Root Co., Medina, O. w w ANTED. — Chunk comb honey during season, any quantity; cash paid. E. A. He-\rn, Salisbury, Md. ANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping-can, for honej'. Root's goods. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. IVANTED. — A quantity of Egyptian onion-sets and "' roots. Write quantity and price you will sell for. Beebee & Rathborn, Oneida Castle, N. Y. Y^ ANTED. — Refuse from the wax-extractor, or slum- "' g^m. State quantity and price. Orel I,. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. V^ ANTED. — To exchange catalog describing the best ' ' hive in existence, a double-walled hive for only 20c extra, for your name and address. T. K. Massie, Tophet, W. Va. Help Wanted. IVANTED. — A practical all-around kind of man '" for bee work in summer, and greenhouse and shop work in winter. A job by the j'ear for the right man. Married, and middle-aged preferred. Drinkers and smokers not wanted. Reference required. Write me. R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colo. Situations Wanted. V)^ ANTED — Steady employment by the year by '' practical beeman. working bees in season, and any honest employment when bee work is over. Can furnish No. 1 reference. Capable, honest, and sober, age 27, single. Address, "A. B. Man," Box 11, Floresville, Tex. Addresses Wanted. WANTED.— Your address on a postal for a little '' book on Queen-Rearing. Sent free. Address Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass. VyANTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the "' truth about it by subscribing for the Havana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havana. 81.00 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale. — Full colonies of leather-colored Italian bees at $5.00 each. F. A. Gray, Redwood Falls, Minn. For Sale.— Honey-extractor ; price $4.00. Fred W. Buttery, Norwalk, Conn. For Sale. — A few hundred cases of 60-lb. honey- cans, good as new, at about half their real value. J. A. Buchanan & Sons, HoUidays Cove, W. Va. For Sale.— Second-hand 60-lb. honey-cans. Good as new. Satisfaction guaranteed. lyEWis C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. For Sale. — 200 colonies of bees in 10-frame Dove- tailed hives, bees fine shape on wired Hoffman frames, locations go with them. Call Box 82, Floresville, Tex. For Sale. — My apiary of 90 colonies, in good con- dition, straight combs, good location; a liberal dis- count on fixtures and supplies. B. F. Hastings, Perry Park, Col. For .Sale. — Finest quality, extracted white-clover honey at 7^c. per pound, in cases of one new 58-lb. can. Sample, 8c. R. & E. C. Porter, , Lewistown. 111. For Sale. — Our new, 1904, crop of white extracted honey, is better than ever this year, mostly new 60-lb. cans, 7J4@8c. car, for clover and basswood, sample free. E. D. Townsend, Remus, Mich. For Sale. — Five-gallon square tin can used for hon- ey, at about half price of new cans. For prices, etc., address Orel I,. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale. — Slightly damaged hives at a very low price; first-class in every way, I^ewis make, both eight and ten frame. Can ship at once. I,ewis C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. For Sale. — Italian bees and queens. We make one. two, and three frame nuclei a specialty. Write for circular and price list. Also. 100 T supers for sale cheap. O. H. Hy.^tt, Shenandoah, Page Co., Iowa. For Sale. — Italian bee' with red-clover queen ; 3- frame nucleus on Danz. frame, so you can make a start with Danz. hives, 63.50. Standard frames the same. Orders shipped immediately. F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston, Mass. For Sale.— 500 colonies of bees in Root's 10-frame hives in fine condition. Will sell in lots of 50 or up- ward. Also fine 100-acre farm at a bargain. Write or call quick for full particulars. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex. For Sale.— 1000 supers of our own make for 4^x45^ xl| sections for Langstroth 8-frame hives, empty, at 13 cts. each. With section-holders and separators added at 30 cts. each. Wiite early, for they will not last long. Write us for bee supplies. Roy a. Wilson, Kearney, Neb. For Sale.— At 75 cts. each, choice laying queens, reared from a select mother the " Carniolan — Italian cross," the coming bee for comb honey, a red clover worker. A customer %vrites: "The colony containing your queen has been storing over 25 lbs. of comb hon- ey per week for some time. Inclosed find money-or- der for another." A trial order will convince you; satisfaction guaranteed. I,. H. Perry, Clay, N. Y. For Sale or Exchange. — One tent, white 12x25; one 20x30, 7 ft. wall; one new Belgium double-barrel shot-gun, size 38-55; No. 12 Edison Standard phono- graph, and 36 records; trotting sulky; the best show out for tent, platform, or store, at a bargain, " The South Carolina Camel Boy," including two live mon- keys, cost $100. Want honey, wax, foundation, ex- tracting-combs, or honej -extractor. Write quick. R. Iv. Todd, Milltown, New Brunswick, Can. For Sale.— 50 swarms of bees, strong and healthy, Langstroth hives, largest size, 12 inches deep filled to the brim, will average nearlj' 100 lbs. each; no dis- ease. Empty hives, 100 supers, lot of supplies of all kinds. Reason for selling, poor health and old age. Barred Plymouth Rock hens and chickens, ringlets, Thompson strain, good as the best and better than the rest. Rose-comb Brown Leghorn, and single-comb Brown Leghorn hens for sale now, chickens later. N. L. HiGBEE, Elsie, Mich. Buy your supplies uow. Will close out balance of my stock at 8 per cent off Root Co.'s catalog price. All are Root Co.'s goods, just received from factory. Large stock of 8 frame Dovetailed hive-bodies ; Sim- plicity or all-wood frames; No. 15 Cowan honey-ex- tractors, and Weed Process light brood foundation. Also Bingham "Large" smokers and honey-knives; Tip-top honey-jars, and 2000 honey-leaflets with no advertising whatever on them. All goods shipped, immediately. Fred E. Smith, 6 Dartmouth St., Route 13. New Bedford, Mass. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 773 »C »»r fC ^iC t\ »i^ fli^ »l«r flK ^*i- flK »*. fiV »«». »1»L flK \ fV •'^ J -"If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder." Established 1889. Bee=keepers' Supplies. Distributor of Root's g-oods from the best shipping- point in the Country. My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Company, and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact, EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. SQUARE FLINT GLASS H0NEY=JAR5. Beauty, accuracy, and shipments without breakage are features that have justly gained for these jars the title of Standard. Material used in their make is the very finest flint glass, free from air-cells. They are tem- pered in large gas ovens, resulting in the toughest glassware that can be produced. They are put up in crates of 100, crates being so constructed that one can see what he is handling, and this is the secret of their safe transportation. There is no package so desirable for honey as a package made expressly for the purpose. Experience has demonstrated this fact, and many have, by the aid of those jars, established a home market for their product in- stead of shipping to wholesalers at reduced prices. Crate of 100 16oz. jars and corks $4 00. Crate of 100 8-oz. jars and corks 3.0O. Crate of 100 5-oz. jars and corks 2.25. Tin-foil caps for 16-oz. jars, per 100 40. Tin-foil caps for 8-oz. or 5-oz. jars, per 100 30. Coiks for Ifi-oz. jars, per 100 40. Corks for 8-oz. or 5-oz. jars, per 100 30. Corks are always included with jars at above prices Tinfoil caps are not necessary, but add much to the neatness of the package. These are made expressly to my order for these jars, fit perfectly, and are all stamp- ed "WARRANTED PURB HONEY." Directions for putting up honey in these jars so that it will not granulate, furnished free to those interested. For labels, see our special catalog of lables. If you are contemplating making an exhibit of bees and honey ai your State or County fair let me aid you. I can furnish every thing to make your exhibit complete. Tacoma, Wash., May 28, 1901. Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. ,. . m j i-i *t, ZJf^rS/V:— I have now been using your houey-jars for about 10 years and like them very much You have shipped me a good many thousand, and a broken jar in a shipment is the exception to the rule. Your method of crating is ahead of anything t '.at I have ever f een in this line, and the quality of your bottles is excellent, not an aircell in any bottle. Will want more in the near future. Very truly yours, G. D. I^ittooy. Beeswax Wanted. I oav highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send i! to you. WALTER S. 513==5I5 Massachusetts Ave., POUDER, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^^ 774 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 1 Kretchmer IVIanfg. Co. Box 60, RED OAK. tOWA. SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, and prompt shipment. We want every bee keeper to have our FREE ILLUSTRAT- ED CATALOG, and read description of Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. ^^IVRFTE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, lov^a. I Trester Supply Company. Lincohi, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs. Iowa. I. H. Myer,', Lamar, Col. MarsHfield Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best inlthe market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog- and price list. O^e MarsKfield Manufacturing Company, MarsHfleld, ViTis. I. J. S-tringharmi, IMev^ Yorlc, —Keeps in stock a complete line of .Colonies of Italian bees in new hive $8.50 iThree-frame nucleus colonies with Italian queen 3.75 iTested Italian queen 1.25 Untested queen 75 'Silk-faced veil, best made ,40 Catalog FREE Apiaries—Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom— 105 Park Place, IM, Y, NOT IN THE TRUST. The oldest bee-supply house in the East. Sells the BEST GOODS at former prices. Send for C a t a 1 o gf. J. H. M. COOK, 70 Cortlandt St., New YorH City. Tested queens now ready by return mai Pacific Coast Buyers are directed to the announcement that SMITHS' CASH STORE (inc.) 25 Market St., San Francisco, California, carries a complete line of apiary supplies, Root's reg- ular and Danzenbaker hives, Dadant's foundation, and Union hives. Money can be saved by buying from them. Prices quoted same as Root's catalog for 1904, with carload rate 90c per 100 pounds added. This saves buyers |1.50 per 100 pounds in freight or 36c on each hive. SHIPPING GASES AND GRATES. 24 lb. no drip cases, 2-inch glass, f 13.00 per 100; 12-lb., $8.00. Crates to hold 8 24-lb. cases, 30c. No. 1 sections,^ 8400; No. 2, $.3.50. Foundation, smokers, bee hives, wholesale and retail. Send for list. W. D. Soper, Route 3, Jackson, N1;ch. BEE^KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honey, sections, comb toundation, and such other articles used in the apiarj'. IVrite for price list. A. W. S'UrA.N ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ »♦»»♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦#♦< NOW IS A GOOD TIME TO REQUEEN. pEPLACE all old wornout queens with young-, vigorous, and healthy ones. We can supply such queens for 50c each, by re- turn mail. Our strain of three-banded Italians are the bees for honey; try them. Send for price list, and see what others say. Untested queens 50c each. Tested SI. 00. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LOUISIANA. HONEY QUEENS LAWS' ITALIAN .\ND HOLY L.'^ND QUEENS. Plentj' of fine queens of the best strains on earth, and witn these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are you interested? Laws' Leather and Golden Italians, Laws' Holy Lands. These three, no more. The following prices are as low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen, |8 00; tested, $1; per dozen, |10. Breeders, the very best of either race, $3 each. W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas. niirrtlO l TJC D COT can always be had at 75c llllrrNN ' '"L DcOl each for untested; $4 25 yUkUIIU I fgr gjjj. gg yo pgr dozen. Tested. $L50 each. Best breeders J.5 each. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. The JENNIE ATCHLEY CO.. Box 18. Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. Perfect Goods! 1 ow Prices ! j^ V? A Customer Once, A Customer Al-ways. "»? We manufacture BEE-SUPPLIES of all kinds. Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published U/}e Ameri- can Bee-Keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. A.DDR.E.SS U/je We T, Falconer Mfg. Company, W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our Teik-*vk «»cihr«^JK7'-r« 'N Y goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. J Dittmer's Foundation RETAIL AND WHOLESALE Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and Toughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have ne%er seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Full Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Catalog and prices with samples free on application. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. CUS. DITTMER, - - - AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. a»«a^^^^^*^r3;?J8«*^*:5f55*:i-9i9?irt*^J^9^a5i5J3««*4***«3«a*^«*^««5j-3 ins ft m m m m m m m m m if iq^~^^ ^y»jy J|y H^Tiy T^r ^f ^J* ^^ ^^ ^^ ^fi ly lyirya^ft jy ^^ jy ^ If You Want a Smoker That goes without Puffing — Clean, Durable, and Handy — Oldest, newest, and embracing all the improvements and in- ventions made in smokers, send card for circular to T. F. BINGHAM, FARWELU, MICH. Volume XXXII. AUGUST 15, 1904. Number 16 >* *_.g— _— ^„ , y^ CONTENTS ^ Market Quotations 784 Straws, by Dr. Miller 791 j Pickings, by Stenog 792 Conversations with Doolittle 793 PvDITORIALS 795 Dr. Phillips and His Scientific Articles 795 Re- revised Honey- crop Report for 1904 795 Comb-honey Ganard and a Retraction 796 Miniature Queen-mating Nuclei 797 Bee-keeping Among the Rockies." 798 C H. W. Weber and His Able Assistants 799 General Correspondence 802 The Sense of Smell in the Bee 802 Harry Clinton Morehouse 803 Apis Mellifica or Apis Mellifera 804 Feeding Bees Outdoors 804 Marketing Honey 805 California Items 805 Dibbern's New Queen-trap 806 foreign Competition 807 Heads of Grain Callbreath's Introducing-cage 809 Act of Mating of Queen and Drone 809 Sweet Clover in the Oats 810 Summer Mortality of Bees 810 High-pressure Feeding Outdoors 810 Bee keeping Among the Rockies 811 Poisoned Honey from Cotton 811 Swarming to Borrowing 812 Gasoline vs. Steam Engrines 812 Bingham Smokers and Root's Extractors 812 Poo Much Swarming, and Little Honey 818 .809 Eastern Edition. EKTBRKD at the POSTOFFICE, AT MEDINA, 0HK>, AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. GLA55 for E-xtracted Honey! We have a car load of glass jelly tumblers coining about Sept. 1st. Get our prices ; we can save you money. Write at once giving sizes wanted so that they may come in the car. LEWIS G.& A. G. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Mich. CAN SHIP TO-DAY. Cl have the largest stock, and the best assortment I ever had at this time of year, and can fill your order the same day it is re- ceived. I have more Hives, Su- pers, Sections, and Foundation, Shipping-Cases, and every thing you may need than I can possibly sell this season. CBut don't wait, send in your orders promptly, and they will be filled promptly. YES, THEY ARE ROOT'S GOODS AND SOLD AT ROOT'S PRICES. Clf you have not my 36 -page catalog, send for it, free. Bees- wax wanted, either for cash or trade. GEORGE E. HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. Hurry Up Orders FOR Hives, Sections, Founda= tion, etc. The supplies you order this month you want ^^right away^^ — ^^as soon as possible^^ That is what we are doing for others, let us do it for YOU. :: :: :: For Root's Goods in Michigan — In a Hurry. M. H. HUNT & SON, BELL BRANCH, MICH. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 783 «t» ^ 4n C. H. W. Weber, Headcttiarters for Bee-Su R.oot's Goods at Root's Factory Pri« I have in Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants: Sweet- scented clover, white and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- celia, Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. C. H. W. Weber. Office (St> Salesroom, 214G-214-8 Central A.-ire. 'W'arehotise, Freexnai\ az\ cells scaled excc-ot an occasional 3611. the outside ^-n 'ice of the wood well scraped of propolis. A No. 1.— AH s ■ ■n^ well iilled except the row of cells ne-tt tothe woo'l , •. mbs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or t h.; entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood weil tcrape'l of propolis. No. 1. -.\11 sections well tilled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be iilled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white^ amber, and dark ; that is. there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. ClNCiMN.^Ti. — The stock of last year's comb honey is now nearly all cleaned up The prices obtained were for fancy water white r2i/<®,1354. The new stock of same is now more plentifully offered: too early to tell what the market might do in prices. E-xt'acted is in fair demand, ard I quote same as follows: Am- ber, in t'arrtls. o^^(ao%: in cans, J^c higher. Water- white alfalfa, in cans. 6^; fancy white clover, in bar- rels, 6H(g.8c. Beeswax more plentiful, brings '2Sc per pourd. C. H. W. Wfber, Aug. 8. Cincinnati, O. BUFF.ALO — Demand has not started for new honey here. We are offering it at lower prices to attract at- tention Fancy white comb. 14@,15 A No. 1, 18@14; No. 1, 12@13; No. 2, 11®12; No. 3; 10@11; No. 1, dark, 11(4112; No. 2, 10@11. White extracted. o%®6; dark, 5@5J^. Beeswax, 30@32. W. C. Townsend, Aug. 8. Buffalo, N. Y. Schenectady. — There is considerable new white honej' arriving in our market, but many dealers car- ried over some honey f rotn last teason, and will not buy until this old stock is worked off, so demand is light. We quote white comb 13@15 ; extracted, 6(3,7. We request all parties intending to make us a ship- ment of honey to write us for particulars in regard to packing, marking, etc., before doing so. Chas. McCulloch, Aug. 8. Schenectady, N. Y. St. Louis.— Since our last of July 8th this market has not undergone any change in the situation on honey. We quote as follows : Fancy comb honey, 12@14 ; A No. 1 comb honey, 11(3112 ; No. 1 comb honey, 10(0)11 ; No 2 comb honey, 8@9c ; No. 3 comb honey, 7@8 ; extracted, 5(3)5J^ in cans, and 4(314^ in barrels, for Southern, and inferior grades sell at less There are no arrivals of new white-clover or Colorado alfalfa clover honey as yet. Beeswax is selling at 28(ai30, ac- cording to quality. R Hartmann & Co., Aug. 8. 14 So. Second St., St. Louis, Mo. Kansas City.— The receipts of comb honey are a little better and the demand is increasing. The market for the last month has been $2.75 a case for fancy white comb honey, btit 'ook for an advance in the near future Extracted slow sale; beeswax mov- ing fairlv well at 30c a lb. C. C. Clemons & Co., Aug. 8. Kansas City, Mo. Chicago. — .A little new comb honej^ is being oSered at 12(a;1254 per lb. for No. 1 to fancy. Extracted, 6(0,7 per lb. for white, and 5(g (J for amber. Beeswax, £8 per lb. R A Burnett & Co., Aug 8, 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Alb \ny.— Honey demand improving .some and quite libei al offerings from the country Pi ices are not suf- ficiently established yet to quote certain prices. We are selling some white coinb at lofalG; mixed and medium grades, 13(514 Extracted- some call for at 6 for buckwheat and mixed, and 7 for white. When the summer resorters get home hungry as usual and trade 1 esumes its normal condition we look for good demand for honey at a good price. Beeswax, 28(5:30. MacDougal & Co., Aug. 12. 375 Broadway, Albany, N.^Y. Philadelphia — Sone comb honey has een arriv- ing in this market the last week, but hardly enough to fix the market price Every thing depends on the crop, which is still uncertain. Some few hales made of fancy comb at ]()(5il7: No. 1, 14(Sil5. F'xtracted hon- ey arriving quite fieel5^and selling at 7@8 for fancy white, and 6(5 7 for light amber. Beeswax. 26. We are producers of honey and do not handle on commission. Wm. a. Sk;lser. Aug. 11. 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Denver. — New comb honey is coming in rather slowly. Old stock all cleaned up. We quote No. 1 white CDmb at |2.75 per case of 24 sections; No. 2 at $2 50 White extracted, 6^(a)7'4. Beeswax wanted at 22(5>26 per pound according to color. The Colorado Ho.ney Producers' Ass'n, Aug. 11. Denver, Col. For Sale. — 25 bbls. fancj' extracted white-clover honey. Write for prices, stating quality and kind of package desired. Emil J. Baxter. Nauvoo, Hancock Co., 111. For Sale. Several tons of choice extracted clover honey, put up in kegs holding about 16(i lbs. net on board the cars at this place, at 6 cts. per lb. E W. & F. C. Alexander, Delanson, N. Y. For Sale.— About 7000 lbs tupelo honey, in 12-lb. square tin cans, 6 to case per case, $4.50; perlfO, 872 00, f . o b. here. R. t,- Tucker, Wewahitchka, Fla. — WANTED FANCY COMB HONEY In No-drip Shipping Cases. Also AMBER EXTRACTED In Barrels or Cans. Quote your lowest price delivered here. WE REMIT PROMPTLY. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI. OHIO. 1904 GLEAXIX'CS IX BEE CULTURE. ■85 For Sale.— Light colored honey, fine flavor, bar- rels, 7c; cans, 8c; amber. 0^7. Sample, 10c. f I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place, N. Y. City. Wanted. — Comb and extracted honey on commis- sion. Boston pays good prices for a fancy article. F. H. F.^RMER, 1S2 Friend St., Boston, Mass. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. W.\NTED— Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at any time of the year Write us if you have any to dispose of. HiLDRKTH & SEGELKEN, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paj^ng 25c cash or 28 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St., Chicago, 44 Vesey St., New York Cit3', and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the .shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at anj' price. The a. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio. Wanted. — Comb honey by the wholesale. We will buy your crop oulright. cash at ycur dej^ot, anywheie in the U. S , if price and quality are right. We have salesmen in nearly every market in U. S., but buy only through Thos. J. Stanley, Manzanola, Colo., our honey-man. who spends the season in the West super- intending our apiaries and looking after Western car lots of honey. Address us there 'lirect. stating what your honey is gathered from, what grade, the average weight of sections, how packed, color, etc.; quantity; V hen j'ou can deliver, and lowest cash price per pound properly crated and delivered at your depot. We should like to know about what the freight late to your nearest city is. We believe that our purchases are larger than those of any other firm or association. Yours for business, Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Manzanola, Otero Co., Colo. I WILL BUY a few tons of honey, and pay cash at your depot. Correspondence solicited givinir full particulars as to quality, style of seciion used when it will be ready to ship, price wanted, etc. If 5atis.'acti_ry I will call on }OU. A. W. SI^STH, Birmingham, W?ich. lOO Tested R.ed-Clov-er Queens for sale at $1 OiJ each, f'oz, $10.00 ; untested, 75 cts each. Will also sell 50 colonies of Italian bees at #4.50 per colony ; in lots of five or more, 84.00. Fred I,eininger, R. F. D. No 1. Ft. Jennings. O. Special Notice. . . . I have all the orders for queens that I can fill until Aug. 25. E. A. SIMMONS, FORT DEPOSIT, ALA. BsbV Nuclei ^ booklet by Swathraore:tells how to J ' mate many queens from unfinished sections— simple, laborless, cleap— boon to honey-men, '25c. " Increase" tells how to form colonies without breaking full stocks— little labor, big results, 25c. Queens for sale. E. L. PRATT, Swarthmore, Pa., U S. A. I have untested golden Italian queens at 60 cts. each, or six for $;I00. Untested Italians for the same price. Hybrids 25 cts. A. I,. Hines, Independence, Iowa. Root's Cowman Honey^Extractor Since the introduction of these extractors some 14 years ago to the bee-keeping world, we have been experimenting with a view to eliminating weak points, and perfecting the stronger ones. ^^11 ^iZeS. We manufacture all sizes of extractors from the small 2-frame to the 4 and 6 and j-frame machine-power (power machines made to order only). The can part of these ex- tractors is made of galvanized iron covered with blue japanning, and neatly lettered. Gra.lva.niZeei. The comb-baskets are r-alvanized wire, well braced; the hinges, hoops, cross arms, and other metal parts, are galvanized after finishing, something' you will get in no other on the rtiarket. Barid-lsraKe. All four, six, and eight frame machines are provided with band-brake, vrhich permits of the stopping of the machine instantly, without danger of breakage. These machines have large metal handles. Ball bear- ings are used which make them very light run- ning. The honey-gates are large, which does not require the stopping of work to allow the honey to run out. For sale by all large dealers in Bee Supplies. I MANUF.ACTURED BY I ^6e A. I. R.oot Co., Medina, O. DANZENBAKER ...$1.00 Smoker... Guaranteed to suit or the dollar back. Buy the D 20th Century Smoker, it is the best. The construction is so simple, and complete it is sure to please, can not clog, .'•mokes three to five hours at one tilling. 11.00 each; three, $2.50 by express or with other goods; by mail, each, 25c for postage. F. DANZENBAKER, care the A. I. Root Co.'s space (29) West An- nex Horticultural Bldg. , St. Louis, Mo. 786 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 15 Many times mc "face value" of anv other—' Shaving Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet " How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. WHAT DO YOU SAY? Several hundred thousand farmers say that the best investment they ever made was when thev bought an Electric """vJ^gon Low wheels, wide tires; easy work. lifrht draft. We'll sell you a set of the best steel wheels made for your old wapon. Spoke united with hub, guaranteed not to break nor work loose. Send for our catalogue and save monev. ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. Box 96, Quincy, III. $1 Farmers Voice Qreat Co=Operatlve Club Send us the Dames of ^es f'isnd* or neigh Don whom you believe will be Icterested jn a jourua ©landing for the farmer'E best tnterests. and w( will send you these five preat periodicals eaci ©t which stands at the head cf fte class Farmer's Voice 'E"irr."r;, For forty years the most earnert advocate of all things which tend to m»ke life on the farm more pleasurable and profltable. $.601 Wayside Tales America's Great SLirt St7TT Magazine, »6pag6elii regular ma- gazine size of clean stories every month on line boob: paper. i.OO The American PoQltrjf Journal .50 .50 Regula' Price The oldest and best poultry pau^f In the world. .If FOR ONL> $1. and te& names o farmen Tlie Houseliold Realm . « For 18 years tb*. only woi!sa.m'e paper owned, edited and poft- Ushed exoiuBJVBly by womeffi, Vick'sFamiljf Magazini « .50 The leading FloraE Magatlms »•«. tEjsrtca.J ■* aboTt Pot Vlck*B yon may anbetMate Green's Frut wtower. Farm Journal, Blooded Btoc]^, Kansas Cltr Star or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Parmera' Voice Iret Liberal terms to agenta. VOICE PUB. CO.. 118 Voice Bldg., Chlcagt FnVPlnnP( printed. to-order, only tl per 1000: send Lii f ciu|ic J, for free sample and state yowr buslnea& Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1S73.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultnral Dep't. J. T. CAI.VERT, Bus. Mgr. A. X,. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms: $1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50; three years, $"2.00 ,• five years, $i.OO, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontinuances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop lis a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, and will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time oaid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISUfG RATES. Column width, 2% inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at clioice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Nei). 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 2.50 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 1000 lines® 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates {Nei). 1 page ....$40 00 I 3 oages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position. 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 da3's, 2 per cent. Clrctilation Average for IQOS. 28iB66» The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey, Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer. Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dad ANT, Hamilton, 111., Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck. I,os Angeles, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, lyoveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, E.scondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. Wm. McEvoy, Woodstock, Ont. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 787 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ I LOW Bates to ttio Soutli | J are made on the first and third T Tuesday of each month by the Y at which times round-trip tickets to points in ^ tlie South and .Southeast are sold at ONE FARE ^ PLUS $2.00. A splendid opportunity is thus ^ affordtd the residents of the North and West ^ to gain knowledee personally of the great re- ^ X sources and possibilities of a section which is ^ ^ developing very rapidly, and showing results ^ X which are most satisfactorj- ▲ X I^ow-priced lands, superior business opportuni- X X ties, unexcelled locations for factoiits can be X X obtained, OT are offered, in all the States reach- X ^ ed by the Southern System. Illustrated publi- ^ X cations and full information upon request. . . ^ 2 M. V. RICHARDS, % T LAND AND INDUSTRIAL AGENT. T Y Washington, D.C. T 1 CHAS. S. CHASE, M. A. HAYS, 4 X AGENT, TRAV. AGT., X X Land and Indust'l Dept., Land and Indust'l Dept., X X Chemical Bids.. 2'25 Dearborn St., Y ♦ St. Louis, Missouri. Chicago, Illinois. J ♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ one season, planting in ro- tation cauliflower, cucum- bers, eg"g-plants, in beauti- ful, health-giving Manatee County. The most fertile section of the United States, where marvelous profits are being realized by farmers, truckers, and fruit-growers. Thousands of acres open to free homestead entry. Handsomely illustrated de- scriptive booklets, with list of properties for sale or exchange in Vir- ginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, sent free. John W. White, Seaboard Air Line Railway, Portstnouth, Va. Splendid Location for Bee-keepers. Mr. A. I. Root's Writings of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful section reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets of Michigan farm lands and the frrtit helt, address J. E. Uerritt, Uanistee, Uichlgan. EXCURSIONS. PITTSBXJR.GH TO S\\2 no ^' Louis and return, Aug. 9, 28, Sept. 8. •piA.UU Tickets limited seven days, and good in free reclining chair cars or coaches. UMPS Double-actlng.Lift, Tank and Spray PUMPS Store Ladders, Etc. HAY TOOLS of all kinds. Write for Circulars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers ' with steel rollerbehrings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown off the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buy in quantity. _ F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland. • Ohio. POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated. 50c yr. , shows readers how to succeed with Poultry. Special Introductory Offer. 3 years 60 cts; 1 year 25 cts; 4 montlis r trial lOcts. Stampsaceepted. Sample copy free. 148 page illustrateo practical poultry book free to yearly subscribers. Catalog-ue of poultry publications free. Poultry Success Co., g;?Lgfieid,o. GLEANINGS TN BEE CULTURE. Ave 15 ri' I A Queen and the % I American Bee Journal % €^ FOR ONLY I DOLLAR. f f^ iL ^ f^ r|? <$» " fk> ♦f' "W/-^ believe that every reader of ^ ♦$' ▼▼ Gleanings should also have the ^ ^i, Weekly American Bee Journal, S ^ and in order that those who do not now ^ ^ get it may give it a good trial, we will *t* ^ send it for the last six months of 1904 ^ ^ (26 copies) — July i to Jan. i — and also ^ ^ one of our ^ X standard = bred |, fir> Untested Italian Queens, «t» I ^ All for only $1.00 >^ i ^ This offer is to new subscribers for the ,^ f^ American Bee Journal. ^ ♦I? Prices of standard queens alone i One for 75c; three for $2.10; six for $4.00. T f^ ff> 2 If you wish to see a free copy of the old ^ T American Bee Journal before accepting ^ 2 the above special offer, just address ^ ^'^» f^ I Geo. W, YorK (gl Co. I <$» 334 Dearborm St., - CHiceg'o, Ills, ^t^ 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 789 He Isn't Worrying about where his bread and butter is cotuiiig from. So writes E. D. Townsend in the August issue of the Bee- Keepers' Review, and he gives the reason why. He has been a bee-keeping specialist for several years, making his living solely from bees, and he tells how he has done it, and shows howany extensive bee-keep- er can be almost absolutely certain of getting at least a fair crop of honey each year. His article on this subject is the most encouraging reading for a bee- keeper that I have ever read. Send ten cents for the August issue of the Review, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. = "WHAT THEY SAY. = W. H. Putnam: — I delayed answering your letter until I had read the June number of the Rural Bee-keeper, and must say, as a bee-keeper of 22 years' experience, I am more than pleased with it, regardless of the assertions of some that the publishing in this line was already overdone; and if the improvements continue it will cer- tainly be second to none within its first year of publication. I consider the June number alone worth several years subscription to any practical live bee-keeper: and I will say, let the good work go on and on. You have a good field; and the fact of our having a bee journal published in our own State should be a lasting stimulant to all bee-keepers of Wisconsin and the Northwest, and 50 cents certainly can not be invested to better advantage. You may send me some more blanks Yours truly, Hillsboro, Wis Elias Fox. Send 10 cts. for three 1;ack numbers or 50 cts. for one year. W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls, Wis. SIMPLEX HONEY-TAR. '< I We have found a new glass jar for one pound of honey, which we think surpasses any other style we ever offered. It has a glass top which screws on to the glass jar with a rubber gasket between. The joint is on a taper so that, the further you screw the cover on, the tighter it makes the joint. It can be sealed absolutely air-tight; has no metal to rust or corrode. It is about Yi inch higher than the No. 25, which improves its appear- ance. We sell them at the same price as the No. 25, and have a carload in stock ready to fill orders. We first learned of this jar nearly a year ago, but have said nothing about it until we had the stock in hand ready to supply. We still have some No. 25 in stock for those who may prefer to con- tinue with it We believe, however, the Simplex jar will take the place of the No. '25. the: a. I. R.OOT Co., Medina, O. CCilOCV STROMGESl rCllUki i^^^DE. Buu ■ ■■■■«»■■■ strong, CMcken Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale Prices. Fully Warranted. Catalog Free COILED 8PRIN« FENCE CO. Box 101 Winchester, Indiana, C. S. A. Hunter-Trader-Trapper A journal of information for hunt- ers, traders, and trappers; publish- ed monthly; subecription $1.00 per year: sample copies ten cents. Special time-offer, five months for 2a>o. Gleanings in Bee Culture and H-T-T each one year *1.50. HUNTER-TRADER-TRAPPER, Box 90. Gallipolis, Ohio. Sn^A^f^oJ^r garfk f^AJUi^ Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PRICES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something WOBTH LOOK- ING INTO. Send for our FREE BOOKj " How to Make Money with Squabs,' and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MASS. DID YOU LOSE HALF OF YOUR BEES ? Then save money by ordering your stationery and honey-labels of us. .Samples and prices free. It is in the doing we excel, and not in talking about it. Young Brothers, - Cirard, Penna. WAMfiArIT Lovers of Good Books Clrl l6Q ■ to write for list of 2U0 titles to select from. Beautiful cloth-bound |1 booiis mailed 3 for $1. These story books are by the best authors, 200 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO., Ref. Publishers of Gleanings.) Box 1014, Denver, Col. and Uriinmentul Trees. Shmbg, Rooe*. Plants and Itulbs. Catalogue No. 1 free to purchasers of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Nn. 3 free to buyers of Holland Bulbs and Greenhouse Plants. Try us; •atisfaction guaranteed. Corrfspondence solicited. Slat fAr. 44 greenhouses. 1000 acres. THE STORRS &, HARRISON CO. PAINESVILLE, OHIO. STEEL WHEELS with wide tires double the use- fulness of the farm wagon. We furnish them any size to fit any axle. Cheaper than re- pairingold wheels. Catalogue/rfe. EMPIRE~MFG. CO., Box 91 K Quincy. 111. This Lightning Lice Killing Machine kills all lice and mites. No injury to birds or feathers. Handles any fowl, smallest chick to larpregt p-obbler. Made in three eizea PayB for itself first eeason. K\^o Lightning Lice Killing poivder , Poultry Bits, Lice Murder, etc. We eecure special low eipresa rat«B, Catalog mailed free. Write lor ik OHAKLES SCHUD, Ionia. Micht 1 1= ^H PAGE WIRE, WOVEN ON A Page loom is the only way to imitate Page Fence. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Box S, Adrian, Mich. 790 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. is "TIME" "TIDE" AND "BEES" ""Wait for no man.** DON'T RUN THE RISK Of Having to Wait Now for Supplies. SEND **LEWIS" YOUR ORDERS AND YOU WILL GET THE BEST (Si GET IT QUICK. BEWARE WHERE YOU BUY YOUR BEEWARE WISS IWATERTOWN, MAKES THE FINEST Mil lions ^ Of Sections, ><» TKQusarids Of snipping Cases, Ready for Prompt vSHipment. G. B. Lewis Co. "'"wlJ."'"'' • DE.VoTED-'^J^'*- •To'BE.E.3- /^- _ • AN D Hon ey- H^t:^ •7VHDHOMEL- ^^"bi,5hedy THE"A il^oo-r Co -?^ SissperMak '\s) Medina-Ohio- Vol XXXII. AUG. 15. 1904. No. 16 You KNOW that oftentimes bees will start afresh to build cells right on top of a sealed surface if there is room for it. I wonder if you also know that the bees will never uncap honey that is under capping-s upon which they have started the second tier of cells. Comb-building is likely to stop when a colony becomes queenless; and if any comb is built it will be drone comb. The build- ing of worker comb is a pretty good sign that a queen is present. But worker comb maj' be built in a queenless colony i/ weak enough. [Correct so far as we can observe at Medina.— Ed.] A foreign journal — I don't recall which — gives as one way of improving stock the plan of leaving undisturbed all queen-cells in a colony which has swarmed, and then returning after- swarms as fast as they is- sue. If all cells but one are cut out, that one which is left may be the poorest in the lot: if all are left, and after-swarms re- turned, there will be a battle royal each time, and finally the best queen of the lot will remain victor. After slumbering quietly for years, that foolish canard that, before sealing their honey, the bees sting poison into it and then use their stings as trowels to cap it over — a wild imagining with no sort of basis in fact — I say that foolish canard has again come to light. The Western Bee Journal prints it, apparently in sober ear- nest. Bro. Adelsbach, b tter tell your read- ers that the item should have come under the head of romance. In reply to J. A. Phillips, the same can- dy used in introducing queen-cages is also used for feeding bees. Take perhaps an eighth as much best extracted honey as the candy you want; heat, but don't burn; mix in all the powdered sugar you can; then knead in more sugar on a bake- board till you make a stiff dough; let stand two or three days, and, if it has softened any, knead in more sugar. [This accords with our experience. — Ed.] To find from which colony an after- swarm came, J. Georges gives this in L^Abeille Alpine: Early next morning, be- fore bees are flying, take a hundred or more bees of the swarm, shut them in a tumbler with some flour, tumble them about till they are well floured, then free them and run to the apiary to see which hive they enter. " Early next morning " is per- haps new. [This may be a very useful kink to remember. Sometimes it is desira- ble to know whence the bees come. — Ed.] H. C. Morehouse says in Western Bee Journal that the rule to put on supers when the bees begin to whiten the combs at the top is about ten days too late out West. Isn't it too late anywhere? Do they ever put white wax on the upper part of combs till crowded for room? and will not as much crowding as that go a long way toward starting them to swarm? [It all depends on what is meant by "the bees begin whitening -the combs. ' ' I fear the language is liable to be misunderstood by beginners, with the result that they wait too long, and swarming is the result. Perhaps our text- books should be a little more explicit. — Ed.] No question about it. Swarthmore, Laws, and others in the miniature fertiliz- ing business have led to the settling of the fact that virgins may be fertilized in a nu- cleus without any brood, and with a much smaller number of bees than we have been in the habit of supposing necessary. The question is, will the queens be as good as those reared in the old way? Many years ago I reared queens in very weak nuclei, and the queens were worthless. But then the whole business, from the starting of cells to the laying of the young queen, was 79: GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 15 done in the same weak nucleus. Up to the sealing- of the cells, and perhaps to the emerg-ing- of the virgin from the cell, no col- ony can be too strong in which to have the work done. Will it do any better to have the succeeding work done without a full force of bees? You have succeeded at Me- dina in getting queens fertilized with so few bees that the whole force could be put in the shipping-cage. But what kind of work will such a queen do at laying? Do you know any thing about it? I think that they will be all right. Perhaps the wish is father to the thought. At an3' rate I'll probably know something about it some of these days, for I have a queen which will be tested in a full colony which was fertil- ized and began laying with probably not more than a dozen bees to give her aid and comfort. I've had quite a number of queens fertil- ized without any brood, and with only enough bees to man fully a section of honey. I used common hives. In a very few I used two brood-combs containing a little honey. In the others I used a section of honey in a wide frame, either alone or with a dry brood comb. From a colony with a laying queen I took a frame of brood with adher- ing bees, shook into the nucleus enough bees to cover well the section, dropped in a virgin not more than a day old, closed up tight, and didn't open the entrance for 60 hours or more. " Wouldn't these bees, not being queen- less, kill the virgin queen? " Not a bit of it. A virgin queen will be kindly received in any colony, even one with a laying queen, if the virgin be young enough. (If a laying queen is present the virgin is likely to be killed after she is two or three days old). It's less trouble to give a ripe cell, and so far I like it fully as well. I think the queens are slower about lay- ing than with stronger nuclei, but the loss- es are hardly more, up to the time of lay- ing. But unless confined by excluder, the young queen is likely to skip soon after be- ginning to lay. A curious thing is that robbers do not trouble these diminutive colonies, although trying to get under the covers of strong col- onies. Only one of the little fellows has been robbed out, and that may have been after absconding. The reason may be the smallness of the entrance, and the great distance from the entrance to the section of honey. [It is to be feared that you and some others of our readers have formed some misconceptions regarding these miniature nuclei and the scope of their usefulness. See editorial elsewhere. I will say right here that these little lots of bees will not prove to be satisfactory un- less they have brood, a little feeding, and they must be handled without smoke the greater part of the time. Queens lay in our miniature nuclei quite promptly — no slower, I think, than in the larger ones. Note the important requisites in the use of these little mating-boxes. A year ago, when we used smoke in opening these little boxes we had some trouble from robbing; but it may be that these small lots of bees are too insignificant to attract very much attention. We have had only one case of robbing from them, and then it was when an inexperienced operator went to handling them over with smoke. — Ed.] |S yrorr) Oi& By Wi 35 Bienen Zeitung says that, as the queen lays only worker eegs the first year of her life, the finest combs are such as are made by first-3'ear queens. Bienen Zuechtei- says fermented pollen is often the cause of spring troubles among bees. A writer says a bottle of good bee- feed, in which a few drops of fruit brandy have been mixed, will cure the trouble. Quite likely the efficacy of the brandy is all imagination; but if confined to the bees the risk is not great. U/ Some new way to destroy ants comes up with commendable regularity. A German writer says, in Bienen Ztiechter, if a hole is made in an ant-hill, and a lump of cam- phor put in and tamped over, the ants will seek new quarters. A good dose of borax poured in will answer the same purpose, and costs practically nothing. At times ants are annoying to bees, and their hil- locks are unsightly at best. A writer for a German bee journal, liv- in Calabria, Italy, says he has for years used lemons to attract swarms. He says, " Our bee-keepers attract their swarms in a few minutes, and get them where they wish, be it in a log, a hive, a box, or even in their hat. To do this they simply rub some bits of lemon or lemon leaves in the places designed for swarms. Some use es- sence of lemon." There's no doubt that bees like the odor of lemons. Who doesn't? A friend wisely suggests that, if some of the energy that is now used to get editors to recant who have been guilty of saj'ing that comb honey is mostly manufactured could be used in informing said editors be- forehand in regard to the facts, the canard would not see the light so often. It occurs to me that, if the General Manager of the National would put this whole matter in the form of a pamphlet, illustrating fully the use of foundation, and giving a history of the canard in question, and send a copy 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 793 to the leading- journals of the great cities, it would prevent the insertion of stories so inimical to bee-keepers. The cost would be slight, and the novelty of such a bulletin would immediately arrest attention. Mr. Benton's letter to the Pittsburgh Gazette, reproduced in this issue, would be indis- pensable in this connection. The fact is, no man of good judgment would believe the story after having had the matter of comb foundation fully explained to him, together with the further fact that bees can produce combs incomparably cheaper than man. No editor would print a manifest absurdity of this kind if he knew all the facts. On the other hand, most of them dislike to make an explanation after the fault has been com- mitted. They would rather have it forgot- ten. When a man is so nearsighted as to put salt in his coffee, in place of sugar, he is very apt to say, rather than have the laugh on him, " I always take it so." Post the editors. Prevention is better than cure. In the July number of the Reviezv, Mr. Hutchinson has an excellent editorial on how to treat those who have published the senseless stuff about manufactured( ?) comb honey. He says, "Above all things, don't be abusive; don't bluster; don't threaten." That's good advice; but it is rather hard to follow it when the statements are so pal- pably false, and especially, as in the case of the Massachusetts professor, the writer attempts to maintain his point As to the origin of the story, Mr. Hutchinson says Prof. Wiley "deeply regrets his indulgence in this ' scientific pleasantry,' and is doing- all he can for the good of bee-keepers; but this does not undo the mischief he has done. ' ' There are good reasons for thinking that this canard has nearly run its course. With two prominent journals retracting-, it will be easy to get more, and then all will come over on our side in a bunch like a flock of sheep. The bee-keeper of England are eng-aged in a warm controversy as to whether they shall endeavor to have a foul-brood bill passed by the British Parliament for their benefit. The arguments against such a measure seem ludicrous in view of the marked benefits derived from such legisla- tion in Canada and the United States. The ravages of the diseas in England seem to be rapid and severe according to the British Bee Journal. One writer says it would cost $2500 to get such a bill through the House of Commons, and doubts the possibili- ty of their getting for a long time, in the shape of a law. \t/ While tendering our votes of thanks to the poets, song- writers, etc., of beedom, don't forget artist R. V. Murray, who has done more than any other man living to de- lineate every thing pertaining to bees and hives. I am frequently surprised at the rough sketches of hive- fixtures that are sent him, and the new dress in which he re- turns them. lb What W. K. Morrison says in this issue about Haiti is worth remembering. It is a pity that that beautiful island should be given over to anarchy and scenes of blood- shed that "stagger humanity." What a place for honey if they had a stable govern- ment like this I >s§!feini§ "^ mM'EM^ HOW TO FIND A QUEEN. "Good morning, Mr. Doolittle. I see by the looks in your apiary that your bees, like mine, are very strong in numbers." "Yes, Mr. Jones, there are lots of bees in the hives now, as is usually the case during and just after the basswood flow." "Well, what I want to know is this: How do you find the queen of such a colony as this one, where the hive is apparently as full of bees as it can stick? In short, tell me how to find a queen at any time of the year." "To the accustomed eye of the practical apiarist, prolific queens are quite easily found, especially if the bees are of the Italian race, or the time of the year is about fruit- bloom; but a virgin queen of the black or hybrid race often elludes the watchful eye of an expert when he is look- ing for her." "But I am not an expert. Have you no rules you go by?" "I should hardly want to say that I had. But to find a prolific queen the time to look for her is on a nice day when the bees are at work in the fields, or between the hours of 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. If you look at such times you will find her, more often than otherwise, on one of the two out- side combs which have brood in them." "Then you don't mean the outside combs in the hive?" "No, not unless the outside combs in the hive contain brood. If they do, then look for her there. If there are only five frames in the hive having brood in them, then she will be liable to be found on one of the two outside combs having brood in." "But how am I to tell about where these outside frames of brood are without haul- ing out a lot of combs that have no brood in, and set the queen to running away?" "You do not need to handle the combs so roughly that you set the queen to running, even should you not take out the right frame the first time. But if you will allow the bees to come up between the frames after you have blown a little smoke over them in opening the hive you will soon be able to lo- 794 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 15 cate the outside frames of brood by the amount of bees between the ranges of combs, unless the hive is full of bees and brood." "I was told, that in the morning- or near sunset was the best time to handle bees." "This was a mistake, no matter what you are handling bees for, and especially when looking for a queen. Where I am obliged to work early or late, I rarely find a queen on the outside frames of brood, but generally in the center of the brood- nest. But remember we are talking of a colony whose brood-nest has not been interfered with. If an empty comb is inserted any- where in the brood-nest, the queen will be quite likely to be found on this comb 24 hours later; but in such case the brood-nest would not be in a normal condition." "Then just at sunset is not a good time to look for queens? Here is a part of my trouble, for I had looked near sunset." "Near sunset does not give a good light, even were the hive not crowded with bees at that time. To find any queen, the best time to look is from 11 a. m. to 1 p. m., as at that time the most bees will be in the field and out of the way; and if your hives face south, as is generally the best way to face them, the sun will shine quite directly between the combs; and the light thus striking them will show you the queen much better than at any other time." "That is a point I had not thought of." "This is a great help; and if you sit or stand with your face to the west before noon, and face east after noon, the sun will not shine in your face, and you will also be looking on the combs where the rays of the sun light every thing up." "This is also a new thought, and I should think it would help much; for when the sun shines on the front of my veil it interferes very much with my seeing well." "That is right; and you should always have a light box with you, about two inches wider than your hive is wide; and when opening the hive, do it as carefully and with as little smoke as possible; for if you are careless, and jar the hive much in open- ing, the bees will get angry, while the queen becomes excited and runs about and ofif the place where she was laying, some- times into the corners of the hive, or clear out of it entirely." "That shows me another of my mistakes, for I have at times gotten the bees so angry by my clumsy handling that I have smoked some colonies till the most of the bees ran out of the hive; but I did not suppose the queen would ever run out. But just tell me the whole proceedings of finding any queen in a hive that is full of bees as they are now." "About eleven o'clock, having opened the hive so carefully that the bees hardly know they have been disturbed, and as carefully removed the first frame on the side of the hive next to you, look it over for the queen. Having satisfied yourself that she is not there, set the frame on the further side of the box from you, and take out the next from the hive, carefully looking it over and setting it in the box as you did the first. On lifting the next frame you will have plenty of room so you can readily look down into the hive and on the face side of the comb next to you; and as the sun lights up all as 'plain as day,' if the queen is on the face side of that frame you will see her at a glance as she attempts to run around to the opposite or dark side of the comb, as nineteen out of every twenty queens will at- tempt to do when the strong sunlight strikes them. If jou do not see her, immediately swing the frame you have in your hands so the sunlight will strike the opposite side of the comb, or the side that was from you when you lifted it from the hive, for the queen will be on one of these dark sides, if anywhere. Now set this comb in the box, if you have not seen the queen, and proceed in the same way with the next, and so on till you find the queen, or all of the frames are out of the hive and in the box. It is a rare thing I miss in finding the queen in going through a hive like this, no matter what the queen, and whether laying or otherwise; and if, in the prolific part of the season, or before the hive is full of bees and brood, I do not usually have to lift more than three combs at most before I find her, if I keep in mind that she should be on one of the two outside combs of brood." "But what about that case where you do not find her before you have got all of the combs in the box?" "If from any accident I have jarred the hive, or got the bees uneasy or smoked too much, I now look among the bees that are left in the hive to see if she is there; and if I do not find her I proceed to set the combs back in the hive again, from the box, in the same way they were set from the hive out. But there is this difference: The box being wider than the hive, I can look on the dark sides of the combs when lifting the first comb from the box, so that I do not have to look the first two combs all over while in my hands, as I did when taking from the hive." "Do you ever miss finding the queen in setting back from the box?" "I remember only one such case during the last five years." "What do you do where you miss in find- ing both times?" "Where such a thing as a failure should occur, the hive is closed, and a trial is made some other day." "How fast can you find them, on an average?" "In the spring of the year, when seeing that all have their wings clipped, it takes but a short time to go over the whole apiary. But at this time of the year it is more slow. I went to the out-apiary a few days ago to look for and clip some queens where I had given cells three weeks previous, and I made a record of nine in an hour, with hives overflowing with bees, and supers to take off and adjust again. I wish I could do as well at any time of the year." 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 795 DR. PHILLIPS AND HIS SCIENTIFIC ARTI- CLES ; THE SENSE OF SMELL IN BEES. I HAVE asked Dr. E. F. Phillips, of the University of Pennsylvania, to prepare sev- eral articles detailings in a popular way some of the things he has learned in the line of scientific bee-lore here at Medina during the last few weeks. He is a trained zoologist in the regular employ of the uni- versity which he represents; and I appre- hend that some of his investigations will be of great value to bee-keepers. Some of the things he tells me on the bee's sense of smell have been quite interesting to me, and I believe they will be equally so to many of our readers. In accordance with my re- quest he has prepared two articles, the first of which appears in this issue. These studies are not without their practical val- ue. I believe it will pay our honey- pro- ducers as well as our queen-breeders to read these very carefully, more particular- ly as they will enable us to explain many of the phenomena connected with our pur- suit, and perhaps put us in position where- by we may be able to improve our methods and introduce shorter cuts. Dr. Phillips is very conservative, care- ful, and conscientious in his work. Train- ed scientist that he is, he is very slow at drawing conclusions, and in one case that I know of he took thousands of measure- ments before he formed an opinion. He has read all the bee literature that bears on the subject he has been investigating; and in this connection it may be inter* sting to know that he bestows unstinted praise on the naturalist Huber, whom he regards as having been one of the most accurate ob- servers who has ever written on bees, es- pecially their general habits, for Dr. Phil- lips has. in addition to his wide reading, been sitting down before an observatory hive for hours and dajs at a time, to get his information. I am not at liberty to make public some of his discoveries, but these will appear in due time, or as soon as he is prepared to give them to the public. He is not much given to wild speculations, and the reader need have no fear that he will launch any thing on the public like the Dickel theory, although he says Dickel himself, in spite of his erroneous conclu- sions, made some important observatioas. A RE REVISED HONRVCROP REPORT FOR 1904. Reports have been coming in from all sides and from all parts of the country. There is not much to say in addition to what has already been said, except that the crop in the Northwest, including Minneso- ta, Iowa, and Wisconsin, seems to be very much lighter than it was a year ago. It also seems to be quite apparent that the ag- gregate crop for the entire United States will be lighter than it was last season. While we have had reports from honey- producers from various parts of the coun- try, and endeavored to summarize their statements, it seemed to me it might be well to get a statement from the commission men and buyers in the principal markets, and accordingly I drafted the following letter: Dear Sir: — We are anxious to get at the amount of honey (comb and extracted) that has been produced this year. While it will be impossible to get the total aggregate, we think we can, perhaps, get a compara- tive estimate of the yield for 1904. We should be glad to have you send us a brief report, based on the best information that you may have, of the probable amount of honey that has been produced this year as compared with last. This you can determine some- what by the number of offers you have had to furnish honey, and the aggregate amount as compared with last year. We are of the opinion that we had a large crop of honey throughout the country last season ; but many bee-keepers held back until after the holidays, expect- ing a rise in price. This gave a false estimate of the amount of honey on the market at the beginning of the season. Then when these crops were unloaded it produced a slump. We should like to get from you a l3rief statement of two or three hundred words, giving your impressions of the crop for 1904, based on inform- ation that has come to you from various sources. The A. I. Root Company. E. R. Root. The replies will speak for themselves. We have received more honej; this July than we did last, but the outlook for a crop is not as good as last year. From what we can learn from Iowa and Mis- souri there will be from a fourth to a half of what honey there was last year, taking it as a tc tal; but as the stands are more in some sections than in others it is haid to estimate exactly what the crop conditions are; but we believe the above statement on Iowa and Missouri will about cover it. We understand from some souices, however, that Kansas has a big crop, but a greaft deal of it will depend on the late lunof honey. C. C. Clemons & Co., Aug. 3. Kansas City, Mo. It is impossible for us to give you any correct figures in regard to last year's crop of comb and extracted honey, as the market, the entire season, has been in an irregular condition. There were large quantities of comb honey carried over of the 1902 crop, and al- most every dealer in this market was overstocked on the article, and little new comb honey was brought here in carload lots. We, at least, don't know of a single car which came to this market. The situation was almost the same on extracted honey, and there is some of the 1902 crop of extracted honey held in this market yet. The offerings of honey were numerous last year, but more .so this season for new honey. The demand is very limited as yet. Quotations are more or Uss nominal. R Hartmann & Co., Aug. 4. St. Louis, Mo. It is a little too early to give a fair estimate of the honey-crop for this year. It is, however; a fact that so far the bees have done very little. To start with, a great many bees did not get through the very severe winter ; then the clover-blossom was a failure, with a good deal of wet weather to hinder bees from work- ing. They are now working in basswood, which promises to yield well; but on the whole we can not expect more than half an average crop. So far as I can learn, there is very little honey carried over from last year, so we think prices will be a little higher than last year. Honey, however, is an article that will be used only at a certain price. When it goes beyond that, other things are used in its place. Therefore, in spite of the short crop we do not think it will command more than an ordinary price. M. Mover & Son, Aug. 4. Toronto, Can. 796 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 15 So far as I can learn at this time, the crops of honey around here are about the same as last year. Some bee-keepers claim, though, that this yea:'s crop sur- passes last year's by a good deal. The offers so far have been fully as large as the year before. C. H. W. Weber, Aug. 5. Cincinnati, O. I returned home to-day from a ten-days' trip in Michigan. It is too early to know very much about the new crop. I think the crop will be a pretty good average one. I get some reports of short crops, but think there will be plenty of honey, and do not ex- pect prices will be high. I am afraid prices will not be high enough to cause a free movement of the crop early, and late io the season prices are almost always loiver. W. C. Town SEND, Aug. 8. Buffalo, N. Y. I here give a brief summary of the honey crop in this State, so far as we have reports : Northern Colorado, a fair crop if conditions remain favorable from now until close of season. Arkansas Valley, above I,as Animas, same as North- ern Colorado. Arkansas Valley, below Las Animas poor crop. Delta and Montrose Counties, very light crop. Mesa County, good in some places, below average in others. Southwestern Colorado will have a fair crop. It is too early for this locality to give a reasonably accurate estimate of our honey. There is not much honey taken off yet, and second crop of alfalfa i- just commencing to bloom. Whether we shall get any honey from it remains to be seen. The Colorado Honey Producers' Ass'n. F. Rauchfuss, Mgr., Aug. 5. Denver, Col. While we have not all of our reports in as yet, we think we can form a pretty good idea as to the out- come in different localities. Southern California claims a total failure ; but we understand that about 100 to 125 cars were carried over from last season. Central California, or the San Joaquin Valley, expects to have a usual crop, the same as Arizona. Texas re- ports a light crop, as well as Louisiana. In Georgia the crop seems to be good ; in Florida we think they had the largest crop they have had for years, especial- ly in the western part, as we have received more honey from there this season, and have had more of- ferings than ever before. We have no reports as yet from Colorado, Utah, and those points, but have re- ports from the middle West which would indicate a rather short crop, mostly on account of the loss of bees. Vermont reports a fair crop, so does Pennsyl- vania ; and so far as New York is concerned, the re- ports vary from a failure to a large crop. In some sections they have very little honey, while in others they have more than last year, and better quality in spite of the loss of bees. As a whole, while the crop is not as large as that of last year we think that a fair average crop has been produced east of the Rocky Mountains. Hildreth & Segelken, Aug. 3. New York. Replying to your request for informationrregarding the honey crop, we find it somewhat difBcult to get the information, several bee-keepers, refusing to answer questions of that nature on account of sharp dealers who have used such information to the injury of the bee-keeper. From reports received so far, we have no doubt there will be considerably less honey this season than last. Several report very good yields from what bees they have left; but in most cases about half died during the winter. In our localitj' bees have done well, and are still at it. The season opened late, but it is also holding out later than usual. Our own bees are in fine shape. Our loss was lo out of S5 dur- ing winter; 5 afterward, owing to bad spring, queen- lessness, etc. We have several colonies four stories high, ten-frame hives full to the top. Our bees all wintered outside. From down east we have received several good reports, although the loss in bees will make the honey crop short of last year in almost every case. We are with you every time for honest reports. Toronto, Aug. 6. F. Grainger & Co. In regard to the honey crop of 1904, we wish to state that, from the information we have received, and con- sidering the great loss of bees, the honey crop through- out the lake region will be about half what the crop was for 1903. There has not been a season, according to our reports, where bees have built up and increa.sed as they have this season; and while the crop will not be nearly as large accordingly through this section of the country, yet it is of excellent quality. However, as in the case of last season, a great many bee-keepers (anticipating a shortage of the crop through the loss of bees last winter) are holding their crop, expecting a large price later in the fall; and we desire to state that the market here at the present time remains the same as last season, and the receipts of fancy comb and extracted honey are equal to the demand. We have had very little trouble as yet in securing what fancy and No. i grades we can use; and it has been our experience tliat honey brings a much better price early in the'fall than it does later in the winter, and we think the majority of beekeepers are making a great mistake when thej' hold their honej' for an un- reasonable price. Griggs Brothers. Toledo, O., Aug. 5. Replying to your inquiry in regard to the amount of honey produced up to the present time in our section of New York, we would say that we believe from in- formation received from producers, bee-inspectors, and others, that the crop is at least one quarter larger than last year, and of fine quality. One producer alone, near us, is reported to have eighteen tons of white extracted already, with buckwheat yet to hear from. Of course it is too early to form any estimate on the latter crop, as so much depends on weather conditions. Last year the yield from buckwheat was unusually small— this year it may be large. We hope it will, for the sake of our friends the bee-keepers. Schenectady, N. Y.,Aug. 2. Chas. McCulloch. Northern New York, 25 per cent more, and better quality. Southern New York, poor quality, the same as last year. Hastern Pennsylvania. 25 per cent over last year. Delaware and Maryland, about the same. Michigan, same as last year. Wisconsin, uncertain but present reports show about the same. Illinois, somewhat less than last year. Philadelphia, Penn.,Aug. 3. W. A. Selser. While, possibly, some of the writers may be a little biased in their statements, yet I think that, in the main, what they have to say is inspired with the desire to give the actual facts so far as they know them. COMB-HONEY CANARD WITH A HANDSOME RETRACTION. On pag-e 745 of our last issue we referred to a sensational article published "by the Pittsburgh Gazette for July 24, to the effect that artificial combs were made of petrole- um, and that artificial comb honey looked so much like that produced by the bees that the two could not be told apart, even by ex- perts. We immediately sent in our protest, as will be remembered, and urged our read- ers to do likewise. I am pleased to announce that, in the is- sue of the aforesaid journal for Aug. 7, ap- pears a hadsome retraction, closing with a strong letter of denial from Mr. Frank Ben- ton, of the Department of Agriculture, Washington. That our readers may see it pays to fol- low up these things closely we publish it, headlines and all. It is evident that the force of numbers backing up a letter from a government of- ficial had its effect. We asked one of our subscribers, Mr. E. R. Munn, who expect- ed to be in Pittsburgh, to call and see the editor of the Pittsburgh Gazette. In the course of conversation that individual re- marked, "Bj' the way the letters are com- 1004 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 797 ing in, j'ou bee-men must stick together better than the Masons." You see, there- fore, dear readers, it paj's to "stick to- g-ether," and it pa3-s to deluge these offend- ing editors with letters. Coming in one at a time or dozens at a time or from hundreds at a time, thej^ keep that functionary in a state of nervous excitement until he is glad lo stop the "howl" by publishing a correc- tion. Here is the extract: RUSH TO DEFEND BUSY I,ITTI,E BEE. STATEMENT THAT HONEY-COMB IS MADE FROM PE TROLEUM PRODUCTS RAISES BREEZE. Many I,etters are Received. United States Depart- ment of Agriculture Writes The Gazette that Nothing has so far Supplanted the Bee in Pro- ducing Honey that is Fit to Eat. The busy bee has many defenders. They won't stand for any statements that the bee is to be put out of business by any unprincipled manufacturer who says he is able to make artificial honeycomb or arti- ficial comb honey. This defense of the bee is the re- sult of an article printed in The Sunday Gazette, July 24, in which it was stated that honey comb is made from the refuse of petroleum. Hardly had the paper been printed before letters of protest reached The Gazette. They were from owners of bees and manufacturers of bee-supplies. All voiced the s-ame statement, that the bee and its owners had been grossly libeled. And eventually your Uncle Samuel got busy, and the following letter was re- ceived from Frank Benton, M. S., Agricultural Investi- gator, in charge of Apiculture, Bureau of Entomology, Department of Agriculture : To the Editor of The Gazette: i? carry off, but mostly because they are always in the way. The best way I have found to get rid ot them, or, rather, to reduce them to a minimum, is to go over the hives once in a while and kill them. They are best got at by placing a piece of burlap over the brood-nest of the hive, and some- thing between the burlap and cover. The ants will establish a flourishing colony in the warm region thus made. By taking off the cover the pests may be rubbed or other- wise crushed to death. What an amount of eggs these ants produce in a brief period of time! If the hives are on planks or other large pieces of lumber, the ants are sure to nest between the hive and rest, or, perhaps, between the latter and the earth. To get rid of ants you have to hunt for them as you would for a flea, bedbug, or any other troublesome pest. Go for them; turn every thing over, and roust them about. If they aie where you can not get at them, treat them to a hot- water bath, or pour some coal oil or crude petroleum into their haunts or runways. I would not recommend hunting ants on a hot day. If you do, you may stir up some- thing worse than a hornet's nest — yea, a sort of mixture of skunk-juice, bees, and hornets combined. The odor of crushed ants seem to provoke the fighting proclivi- ties of ants as a red rag will stir a bull to devilish rage. Therefore go ant-killing on a cool day, or early in the morning when the bees are content within their little homes. THE SPORTIVE I-IZ.VRD. Do lizards kill bees (p. 658)? Yes, they often have them for dessert, stings and all. Many a time I have watched the pretty little creatures dart from their hiding-place and grab up a bee and come back to the starting-place on the run, all witnout stop- ping. At other times I have seen them ap- parently quiet, and when a bee came with- in their reach it would be a case of seeinir a bee and then you don't. They are the greatest sleight-of tongue fellows T ever saw. Toads, too, are slick with their mouth apparatus when the opportunity presents itself for taking in a poor innocent bee. How many bees it takes to form a lizard's diet I know not. In sunny places the small quick-running lizards are very numerous. Scare them away if you can; if not, shoot them with one of the small air-guns using BB shot. With a little practice you may be able to make them turn toes and tail over head while they are sprinting after a bee. POPPY HONEY. There would be millions in it if we could get enough of it. That some nectar from poppy flowers finds its way into the hives near where these flowers bloom is a fact. Ginseng wouldn't be in it alongside of pop- py honey if we could only send a lot of it over to the Celestial Empire. But it would not be right to dope the Chinese in that way, some will say. No, I think it would not, if the honey were narcotic or injurious. My belief is that the honey does not par- take of the bad portions of the plant. That it is a nectar- producing plant I know; it is great in pollen too. At our place in Alame- da County, some years we have large patch- es of poppies, mostly of that brilliant and delicate variety known as the Shirley. San Francisco, Cal. [We have had reports going to show that poppy honey partakes of the narcotic qual- ities of the plant. — Ed.] DIBBER.N'S NEW QUEEN=TRAP. How it Differs from tlie Alley Queen and Drone Irap. BY C. H. DIBBERN. In the first place I want to say that this is no new untried experiment, as I have had them in constant use for the past ten years. True, I have made some changes in recent years; but the general features have remained the same. Now, I do not claim to have "invented" the queen-trap, for that honor belongs to Mr. Alley; but I do claim to have perfected a trap by a gradual system of evolution that is a great improvement in^ every way. The illustra- tion will give a^'general idea of the trap; but a few points^require an explanation. DTBBERN'S IMPROVED ALLEY TRAP, FRONT VIEW. The wood frame is made, preferably, the size of the hive, if a plain front, of strips l^iXji in., and I give them two coats of white paint before nailing on the zinc. I want the trap to be as nearly nothing as possible, and to give as much ventilation 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 807 and liffht as can be, and the white color helps immensely. Right here I want to say that the Dr. Tinker zinc is a g^reat improvement. The entire front is covered by a single piece of zinc, and the back is also covered by a simi- lar piece, but extending- onl}' \)z in. below REAR VIEW OF DIBBERN TRAP. the middle slat on which the wire tubes are nailed. This zinc is cut about I'i in. short, so it will leave an opening from the trap back to the hive. Here a sliding door is provided that can be readily operated from the outside while the trap is fastened by two Dibbern malleable hooks to the hive. To provide a bee-space back of the rear zinc, strips % inch wide are nailed to the rear rim of the trap. The tubes of wire cloth are placed over holes in the middle strip very near the front zinc, as otherwise the queen will persistently follow the zinc, if there is an edge of wood between the zinc and the wire tubes, in trying to escape. The following are some of the improve- ments I claim over all other traps: Allow- ing eight or ten rows of perforations for the bees to pass through, as well as ventilation through the upper or trap part, gives better ventilation. The white color gives more light, both for the bees and the man to see readily the queen when a swarm issues. It is fastened securely to the hive by means of the hooks, and will stay there; owing to the great surface admitting light and air, the queen is far more certainly trapped than in devices allowing only a few rows of perforations in the zinc, to accommodate the bees. I prefer to call this a queen-trap, though of course it is a drone-trap as well. Bee- keepers in general, and farmers, are not much interested in trapping drones; but when it is shown them how easily they can manage the swarming business they become interested at once. The trap, however, can be made very valuable in any apiary in trapping all undesirable drones. In a future article I will give the general use of the trap, and how I manage to con- trol swarming in an apiary of 150 colonies surely and easily. C. H. Dibbern. Milan, 111., July 18. [I believe your trap is an improvement over those that have been generally sold; but for some years back we have made the Alley trap somewhat different from the original model, embodying several of the features you show in your trap. We made the lower compartment much larger to in- crease the ventilation and amount of light, and reduced the amount of room where the drones are trapped above smaller. Then we put the bee- space on the back — a sug- gestion of some one, I do not remember who. The only practical difference between your trap and ours is the slide or gate that permits of releasing the queen back into the hive without removing the trap (a very good feature, by the way) and a wider ex- tension of metal on the back side, the obvi- ous purpose of which is to force the queen up into the compaitment through the cones. Both of these improvements are along the right lines, and the Root Co. may adopt them, possibly, with your permission. — Ed.] FOREIGN COMPETITION. How Far does it Affect American Bee-keepers ? BY W. K. MORRISON. Mr. Editor: — Your reference to the rise and development of tropical bee-keeping is accurate so far as it goes; yet some of your readers may feel alarmed at the prospect of serious competition from outside sources. In my opinion there is no need to be alarm- ed at the prospect. "With the exception of Argentina and Chili most of these competi- tors (or, rather, would-be competitors) are what would be known in the United States as slow, with a capital S. They make no claim to being "strenuous " countries, and hence it will be some little time before this competition becomes serious, not to say men- acing. Argentina and Chili are, however, formidable rivals, and likely to develop very fast into heavy exporters of honey. These countries are peopled by lively, energetic folks, thoroughly practical and scientific, with lands eminently suitable to apicultu- ral pursuits. Chilian alfalfa honey has a regular market in London at fairly steady prices, higher (or at least as high) than New York rates, hence it is under no neces- sity of being shipped to the United States. Argentina is a more dangerous antago- nist, coming later into the field of apicul- ture. The vast areas of that country under alfalfa for grazing purposes form a sort of bee-keepers' elysium. No wonder average yields of 300 or even 500 lbs. per colony are reported. With fine weather for months at a time, and illimitable fields of purple al- falfa, Argentina certainly presents a very inviting field for our chosen pursuit or avo- cation, for there bee-keeping is subsidiary to cattle-breeding. Still, it is hardly like- ly that Argentina's honey will be sent to American ports, as higher prices can be uniformly obtained in London, Antwerp, 801 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. is and Hamburg. Nor is there any prospect of this situation being changed. South Brczil has long been known as a honey country. Hannemann, the inventor of the queen- excluder, made some famous records down there many years ago. As a matter of fact, bee- keeping does not occupy the same place in Brazilian agriculture it did some years ago. Probably Sao Paulo Cit}', with its 350,000 inhabitants, would consume the whole local product, and con- siderably more if the sale of honej' were pushed with businesslike methods. There- fore we may dismiss South Brazil from our calculations for the present. Paraguay, that queer far awaj' republic, has very few bee ketpers within her bor- bers. Uruguay has more, but not to cut any figure. Taking Chili, Argentina, Par- aguay, Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul, and Sao Paulo together, we have a country as large as the United States, with a much milder climate, and eminently suitable for bee- keeping. Therefore, keep your eye on the Rio Plata countries and the Banda Ori- ental. They are great rivals of the United States in all lines — cattle-raising, dairy- ing, horse-breeding, fruit culture, sheep- herding, and wheat culture; then why not apiculture? Further north the next serious competitor is British Guiana, just looming up on the horizon. It is twice the size of Cuba, and is about well adapted to bee-keeping; but that it will ever rival Cuba is to be doubt- ed, for it hasn't a very good name as a health-resort, and the pale faces do not run there in droves. It much resembles Louis- iana; and Georgetown, the capital, I re- gard as a much nicer place to live in than New Orleans. If the climate were as nice as that of Jamaica the country would cut a great figure in the honey market. Trinidad and the Windward Islands are too small and too populous ever to have much honey to export. Jamaica is a small island which the natives persist in regard- ing as the leading island in the West In- dies, barring Barbados, the hub of the western seas. British Honduras is a very inviting field for bee-keeping — none better anywhere; and if one can put up with a very quiet existence, "far from the mad- ding crowd," this is the country for him, for life can not be more devoid of human in- terest and excitement than it is there. British Honduras is a fine country for a naturalisf; and with a good house to sell for him in England a bee-keeper need nev- er want for cash, as crops are certain. All around the Gulf of Honduras the country is a grand one for apiculture. The periodic revolutions are a serious draw- back ; otherwise their competition would soon be serious. Inland the country is ex- tremely- pleasant and salubrious. The most promising field of all, however, is in Mexico, all around the Bay of Campe- che. The leading tree is the logwood, or "campeche, " which flourishes on every hand. The mahogany is also a good source of nectar. The country is healthy, and easily reached from New York or New Or- leans, particularly the latter. This part of the world offers many tempting opportu- nities for the enterprise of Americans, con- sequently there are many on the ground making fortunes out of sisal, sugar, ma- hogany, etc.; so the bee-keeper would have some one to swap stories of life in the home land, and eat flapjacks with him Sundays. The island of Haiti, one of the world's most beautiful countries, presents golden opportunities to bee-keepers — when it gets a good government, but not till then. Some- times we read the interesting statement, " Uncle Sam is going to take care of it. ' When he does, there will be a perfect scrdm- ble. among bee keepers for locations in that isle of beauty and — honey. Now, what is going to happen if all these countries start apiaries on a grand scale? Nothing. Some genius like Phil Armour, of Chicago, will start a gigantic honey- canning factory in some seaboard city, where honey will be put up like roast beef, in cheap packages, to be shipped in steam- er loads to the great hungry European cen- ters, and sold to the multitudes at a nomi- nal profit until American honey becomes as well known as Armour's beef or Pilsbury's flour. It is really a very simple problem. Blend the honeys of Cuba, Mexico, Texas, California, Chili, Guiana, Argentina, and all the rest, in gigantic vats, and can by the million. Europe is hungry for cheap honey with a guarantee that it is pure. So far from trying to keep foreign honey out, I would try to get it in, so as to corner the market, or at least control it, just as Armour die with beef. There is no better package for honey than the ordinary 3-lb. tin can. The Chicago butchers, Borden's milk, and Maryland peach-canners, have demonstrated this be- yond all per ad venture, for now these goods are regularly stocked by grocers all over the civilized world. This explains why I hold that the pres- ent tariff" does us no good. What is wanted is a great agency for taking care of honey in vast quantities, holding it back at times, and distributing over the whole world at low prices to the hungry multitudes. [It seems to us that Mr. Morrison has gone over the ground very carefully and fully. The fact that the foreign honeys en- tering the American market are usually of low grades warrants the belief that they will not affect to any considerable degree the prices of American honey, for the duty paid is just as high on a four-cent extract- ed honey as on a fine table honey. We know there is a steady demand for our bet- ter grades of honey for export (our exports exceeding our imports) so we believe Amer- ican producers shoulo not be greatly con- cerned so long as the better markets are left. The methods employed in many for- eign countries in the production of honey preclude the possibility of their honey ri- valing ours. — Ed.] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE 809 callbreath's improved miller intro- ducing-cage. I send by this mail an introducing--cage which I think you will consider an improve- ment on the Miller cage. The side- piece extends the whole length, and the wire cloth is nailed to that as well as the short front-piece. In the Miller cage there are two of the short front-pieces, which, with the two tins nailed on, form the space for filling with candy. In this cage one of the front pieces is made to extend the whole length,, so that, when putting it in an or- dinary entrance with a queen inside of it, there is no danger of pushing the slide- piece in and killing or injuring the queen; and, when removing the cage from the en- trance, it all comes out together instead of only the slide piece, as is likely to be the case in removing a Miller cage. Before nailing on the two flat pieces of tin I bevel off one end of the side- piece and one end of the front- piece. After the tins are nailed on I cut off the projecting parts (with a pair of scissors) to match the wood; then when I want to fill the candy-com- partment all I have to do is to give it two or three jabs into the candy, turning it sidewise each time, and the candy is just where I want it. To prevent the candy from going right on through into the place for the queen I first push the slide-piece clear in against the back of the front-piece, thus closing the back of the candy-compart- ment. Sometimes it is convenient to use this as a confining- cage. In that case it is neces- sary to have something besides candy to stop up the front opening with. This plug or stopper I make when I make the cage, and keep it at the back end of the slide- piece by folding a piece of tin over it and nailing the tin to the slide piece. The drawing I inclose will make it plain if this does not. MEASUREMENTS. Side- piece, 8XKXJ4^; front- piece, IXj^X %', slide-piece, ^YzY^WXli', plug, l>4x>^X X; wire cloth, GX^yi; plug-holder (tin), % X2; two tin cleats, IXl^. Twelve inches would be the best width for the wire cloth; then, when cut into pieces, there would be one woven edge to each piece. That edge should be put on the front end. The back end should be folded under one inch for four reasons: 1. The queen will run in better over a folded edge than over a ctit edge with the sharp points sticking out; 2. They are nicer to handle, as the fingers are less likely to get pricked; 3. It is easier to insert the slide; 4. If the slide is a little loose, so that it is liable to fall out when handled, the double thickness can be pressed in on each side with the thumb and finger, and be stiff enough to hold the slide, while a single thickness is not. The outside edge that is nailed on the side- piece ought also to be a folded edge. After folding over the back edge one inch, and the outer side edge nearly )'z inch, I use a stick \{^ wide by W thick for ?Lform. to get the wire cloth in the right shape to nail to the side-piece and front-piece. I nose off the front end of the slide-piece so that it can not catch on the wire cloth in being pushed into place. It is better to round off the edges also by drawing them over a plane a few times. In making I use j^-inch wire nails. To cage the queen, remove the slide; take the queen in the left hand; slip the opening be- tween the thumb and fore finger of the left hand, and the queen runs tip where she is wanted ; then replace the slide. All the wooden parts shou d be of pine, as it swells less than basswood in case it gets wet. John S. Callbreath. Rock Rift, N. Y., July 13. ACT OF MATING OF QUEEN AND DRONE, WITNESSED BY E. L. PRATT. I have this day witnessed the act of cop- ulation between a queen and drone. About 2:30 o'clock on the afternoon of Thursday, July 21, I was standing near a fertilizing- box filling a feeder when my attention was attracted by an unusual commotion in the way of extra loud buzzing, as of drones on the wing. I looked, and saw a queen rap- idly flying toward the fertilizing- box, evidently her home. She was closely fol- lowed by two drones, one of which turned and flew off, but the other remained in pur- suit. They were flying not six inches from the ground, and were not over eight feet from the fertilizing box when the act took place. It was all done so quickly that I marvel at it, and I wish here to record the facts as I witnessed them. I could not see that the queen was flying in any but the usual way when returning to her hive, but the drone was unusually swift of wing. They were both flying rapidly; and as they flew the drone made two circles about the queen as though to head her off; and as these circles were made about the queen she rose slightly each time. Directly after making the second circle about the queen the drone flew at her as a worker flies with the in- 810 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. is tention of stinging in earnest. His abdomen was curved, and his wings rattled in about the same manner. Directly the drone was in contact with the queen there was a sud- den lurch to side, and they went together some distance into the field until I lost sight of them. As they flew together they much resembled workers when they attempt joint- ly to bear off their dead. I remained by the fertilizing-box perhaps three minutes, and saw the queen return and enter, bear- ing the marks of having met a drone. I still lingered by the box, and soon saw a worker bear out the tell-tale white speck. I later opened the box, and saw the queen bearing the usual thread from male contact. A queen-bee is very swift of wing; but I am convinced that a drone is ten times swifter; for to be able to encircle the queen in the manner this one did, such must be the fact. Swarthmore, Pa. E. L. Pratt. SWEET CLOVER IN THE OATS; A BETTER WAY OF USING THE ROOT-GERMAN WAX-PRESS. I have three acres of sweet clover, the white variety, which I sowed last year with oats. It is a fine growth, and has been blooming, and the bees have been literally swarming on it for several weeks. It is seeding very heavy, and is free from any thing else. I purchased a German wax-press of you last winter, and followed your directions as to using it, and was rather displeased with the thing until very recently, as it was so terribly slow. I now use it differently, and am highly pleased with it, as I think I can extract three or four times as much wax in a day as by your method. My out- fit is an old cook- stove out of doors; the wax-press, a three-pail copper kettle, and a water-pail. To start the thing I fill the comb-basket about half full of loosely thrown-in combs, and put over it a pan to confine the steam, and do not use the press. I fill the pail with water, and set it on the back of the stove to be heating, and put on the copper kettle with water therein; and as soon as the water is hot I stir in combs until I have the kettle nearly full of melted combs. I then open the extractor and turn in the con- tents of the kettle, adjust the press, and fire up. I empty my pail of hot water into the kettle, and refill to be heating for the next batch. I work the press, and melt up a new batch in the kettle; and as soon as the press is ready to dump, another batch is melted ready for it. and so on, melting in the kettle, heating water in the pail, and pressing the wax out in the press. I can also possibly suggest a slight im- provtment in wax-presses. If you will no- tice, there is alwajs a quantity of free wax on top of ihe cloth covering the cheese after taking out the follower. If this is allowed to cool you will find a portion of the chan- nels on the bottom of the follower filled with wax. The reason is, the cloth presses up into the ends of some of the channels, and thus prevents the wax from flowing out. I took the strips off my follower, and cut channels across them so that, when nailed on, there would be a free passage from one channel to the other, which permits a free flow of wax in all directions. This pre- vents any accumulation between the cloth and the follower. Henry Stewart. Prophetstown, 111. SUMMER MORTALITY OF BEES DUE TO POI- SON. Noting the article on page 694, I suggest that the mortality may be caused by the poisonous nature of the flora on which the bees are foraging at that particular season of the year. I have noticed a certain mor- tality of bees in this and other locations that was precisely the same in appearance when bees were working on poison oak, or ivy, as it is called in many sections, and have never noticed it at any other season. Sometimes only a few colonies are affected; again, there would be several thousands of bees scattered on the ground throughout the apiary, and nearly all colonies would show signs of disorder. There is not a sufficient quantity of poison oak in this section to af- ford forage for an apiary; but it is scatter- ed about in very attractive masses of some ex- tent, and is always eagerly sought by the bees. It will probably be found that some poisonous shrub yieldinsr honey profusely exists in those sections, and the remedy or cure for the disease among the bees must be sought for in the source of their forage; and there is the probability that nothing but confinement of the bees— feeding if neces- sarj — during the period of its bloom will afford relief. If confinement should be practicable a release daily at a late hour in evening would be beneficial. Howardsville, Va. B. F. Averill. HIGH- PRESSURE FEEDING OUTDOORS. Since my article has appeared on page 660 I have received letters from the United States and from other places asking for in- formation as to how I go about it, and ask- ing me to give the plan in Gleanings for the benefit of its readers. The feeder I use is made of the best white pine, well painted and paraffined. The float is also made from white pine Yz inch thick. This is also painted, and should be kept painttd. so it will not become water- soaked and heavy. My feeder is 6 feet long, 2 feet wide, 8 in. deep, and stands 2 feet from the ground, and should be under cover, thus protecting it from the wind and rain. When I am having combs drawn I use equal parts of sugar and water. Nothing is made by Jeed- ing sweets too much diluted. I have known of bee keepers here in Cuba to feed their bees with so diluted a feed that they would have to go round the next daj and throw out the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 811 sour feed. That is what I call making a five-cent piece hide a dollar. The feeder should be well washed out every day or two so it will always be sweet. As a rule, bees do not like things very sour. I wish here to impress on the mind of the bee keeper who has to feed, when once com- menced it is far better and cheaper to keep it up ever}' day till finished. When one feeds one day and lets it go for two or three daj's and then feeds again, it is bad policy. Do not be in too big a hurr}' to build your swarms up while having foundation drawn — better to let the bees beg a little for foun- dation. The combs will be far more per- fect. Do not try to economize by trying to use starters or half-sheets. Out of the 5000 swarms we have built up, not one starter or half-sheet has been used. I once passed through a rich man's api- ary, and he was using half-sheets of foun- dation, "Well," he said to me, "I suppose you do not believe in using half sheets of foundation, do you?" "No, not yet." said I. "Well," said he, "I'm too poor to use full sheets." "Well," said I, "I'm too poor to use half-sheets." Mr. Langstroth once told me, with much truth, it is far better to have less swarm- ing and have bees in perfect condition. C. E. Woodward. Guanabana, Cuba. [Since Mr. Woodward and others have referred to the feasibility of feeding out- doors we have been conducting some exper- iments here in Medina. Years ago we tried it on inferior sweets ; but because there were other bees, not our own, in the vicini- ty, we finally gave it up; but since that time the other bees have disappeared, and we finally decided to try outdoor feeding again. The results have been entirely sat- isfactory. Instead of robber bees nosing around, and instead of queen-cell-building colonies refusing 1o work on the cells at times, or at other times tearing them down when started, they are accepting the cells and doing good work. Indeed, the condi- tions are very much like a natural light honey- flow, and our boys are able to do much of the work in the yard with compar- ative peace and quietness Our experience thus far shows that, when outdoor feeding has been begun, it must be continued and not worked intermittently. — Ed.] BEE-KEEPING AMONG THE ROCKIES; THE 20 LB. STONE ON THE HIVE. DIr. Root: — I wish to express my appre- ciation of your department of " Bee keeping among the Rockies." Mr. Morehouse can make it interesting. He had a good bee- paper in the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal, and my commercial conscience has pricked me several times because I never encouraged him by my subscription. I notice in Gleanings occasionally your fling at the " 20-lb. stone" on hive-covers. Acting on your suggestions I left them off, and next morning found between 20 and 30 covers on the ground. May I ask what would be your remedy in such a case? How shall we keep the covers on? Sitting in your office in Medina it must be compar- tively easy work to give instruction in bee- keeping; but I have the impression that the bee-keepers themselves who are familiar with the conditions in their locality some- times know what they want, and wh}' they want it; so until something better is offered I shall stick to the "20-lb. stone," which, in this locality, probably weighs about 5 lbs. G. F. Hyde. Lovelock, Nevada, July 26. [This statement of our correspondent con- cerning the excellence of the new depart- ment was evidently made before he was aware of the death of Mr. Morehouse. This is only one of several statements of a like character that we have received. If our correspondent imagines that the editorial matter in this journal receives its inspiration at the "office desk" he is la- boring under a great mistake. Besides be- ing brought up among the bees from boy- hood, I have spent five or six summers among them, working constantly with them. I have traveled a great many thousand miles to study the methods used by bee- keepers in all parts of the United States; and scarcely a day goes by when I am not in close touch with all the work and exper- iments that are being carried on in all our own yards; and in the eight of the season I go to the outyards, take off my coat, and work with the bees to help the boys out. So much for " office desk " editorials. Our correspondent is evidently using a quilt or enamel cloth under the covers. If such is the case, a 20-lb. stone or some oth- er sort of fastening is necessary to hold the cover on the hive. But it is the practice of most bee-keepers to dispense with all cloths and quilts. When thai is the case the bees hermetically seal the cover on the hive where it will stay until pried ofl" by the bee- keeper with a knife, screwdriver, or hive-tool. I have traveled all through the western part of the country, and been in hundreds of yards; and, if my memory serves me rightly, the 20-lb. stone is used in only about one apiary in a hundred, the great majority preferring to dispense with quilts and cloths, leaving the cover to go over the bees when it will be fastened. If shade-boards are used, then it is necessary to have something to hold them on; but as a rule, even then bee-keepers apparently pre- fer to seek natural shade, thus dispensing with extra pieces and the lifting of heavy weights. — Ed.] poisoned honey FROM COTTON. J. W. Davidson, of Ditto, Texas, asks if you can give some advice as to the efl^ect poisoning cotton with Paris green will have on bees. Will it afl'ect the honey? I note your answer, Mr. Editor; but the last part 8i: GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 15 of his question you did not answer — that is, will the poison affect the honey? I am greatly interested in this, and should like to know if it is safe to use honey in locali- ties where Paris green has been used on cotton. S. H. McCULLOUGH. Lacoste, Texas, July 5. [The honey gathered while cotton is sprayed, if it did not kill your brood it would probably do no damage to human be- ings; but before eating it I would suggest that it be placed in the hands of a chemist to ascertain whether it have enough poison to be dangerous. — Ed.] SWARMING TO BORROWING. I had to hive a swarm three times in June. The third swarm I hived on empty combs began to carry honey from the old hive to theirs. This they did for two days, taking no less than 5 lbs. The bees in the old hive never bothered them at all. To-day I had a ten-frame-hive swarm. I never had them swarm as late as this before. As soon as I hived them I transferred the old colony to an eight-frame hive. I saw two young queens on frames. Bee-men claim a prime swarm issues about 8 days before young queens halch. How do you account for this? This is the first swarm. They came out yesterday and went back to-day. I saw a queen with them. Trenton, N. J., July 11. G. Grover. [In the matter of swarming, bees vary greatly from the generally accepted rules. They may begin swarming as early as May, and continue on into September. The con- ditions of the weather have every thing to do with it. Sometimes swarming will be- gin very early, and at others it will be quite late. The colony that swarmed and afterward went back and took honey from the old hive was simply doing what we call "borrowing," with no intention of return- ing. It is a species of robbing; but because these bees have the scent of the old colony, the old colony does not put up any resis- tance.— Ed.] gasoline vs. steam engines for light POWER. I have been thinking of purchasing a gas- oline-engine, but don't know what kind to buy. I have read Gleanings long enough to know you are a practical man, and know something about machinery. I take the liberty of writing and asking you. I have a catalog of the Olds, Alamo, and Weber. I think the Alamo the best-looking machine. Is ithe gasoline-engine a durable ma- chine? Are they safe? Does it cost much to operate them? G. F. Turner. N. Palermo, Maine. [Gasoline-engines are a little more diffi- cult to handle than an ordinary steam-en- gine, but much more economical to operate, and are ready for instant service at any time— no need to wait to generate steam; no danger of burning out boiler, getting water too low, and no danger from explosion pro- viding a light or flame be kept away from the gasoline- tank. Even then there is no more hazard than in the use of gasoline- stoves — indeed, not so much, because the heat or fire is generated wholly within an iron box, the cylinder. The gasoline-en- gine is very durable, and will outwear with less adjustment than a steam-engine, for the simple reason that it is " single-acting " and not double. Our experience has shown that the boxes may be very loose and still the engine will run very well. The rela- tive cost between steam and gasoline for the same amount of power per hour is about 50 per cent in favor of gasoline. Any of the engines named in your letter are good. — Ed.] BINGHAM smokers AND ROOT'S EXTRACT- ORS criticised by a FRIENDLY CRITIC. As we in California have nothing to do but get ready for next year we have much time to think and tell the other fellows what they should do. I will first tell you what I have done, then tell you what the Root Co. ought to do, also Mr. Bingham. I have produced 15 cases of extracted honey with 250 colonies of bees. That is something. Nov, Mr. Editor, I think your invitations of well-meaning criticism are along the right line; for if the manufactur- ers are not criticised for the goods they turn out it is natural for them to suppose they are making things Jus i right; neither do I believe in a fellow venting his spleen. If we see or imagine we see defects (for we may be honest in our opinion and still be mistaken), let us call attention to them, then offer suggestions to remedy the evil. I most heartily indorse the criticism of the Bingham smoker — not the principle, but the smoker. It is all right, " only needs fix- in'." I have never had one yet (and I have bought several) but I had to fix it. They might be all right to manipulate three or four colonies with, but three or four hundred is different. Neither is it necessary for a £-ood smoker to cost $5.00. My suggestion is that Mr. Bingham take two pieces of about No. 20 or 22 iron; cut them X inch wide; bend them round so as to fit snugly around the barrel of the smoker; then fas- ten them to the bellows with two bolts in each end of the straps; also metal around the edges of the bellows to hold the leather; also No. 18 54 -inch brads instead of the %- inch tacks. A smoker made that way would be serviceable without having to be made over. As to price, it should not cost much more than the present smoker. Let Mr. Bingham put out the two smokers, sell each at a rea- sonable profit, then there will be no " kick" coming to any one. Mr. Bingham may take his seat and Mr. Root stand up. The Cowan extractor No. 25 is a good machine; but as the Root Co. makes it it needs " fixin'." In extracting honey I al- ways work from right to left. Hot water 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 813 and hone3'-knives are at the right hand of the uncapping-box. Take the knife in the right hand; hold the comb in the left. Aft- er uncapping, step to the left and place the comb in the extractor. Take hold of and turn the crank with the left hand. Keep the right hand free to turn the baskets and handle empty combs with, the honey empty- ing out of the gate next to the uncapping- box. Now, in order to do that I had to re- verse the frame that holds the gear; and by doing that it puts the brake-handle on the opposite side of the shaft from the operator. Now, the " fixin' " necessary was not much, but it caused me a twenty-mile drive to get a drill and tap to make the right hole to fit that screw. The next machine you make, put two holes in the hub of that brake so that it can be reversed and used either right handed or left. No, don't sit down yet — one thing more. The next ma- chine you make, put a strap of good firm leather on for a brake instead of that spring steel, for the steel lasts only a short time; and, besides, it cuts the pulley that it rubs on. The leather is better in every respect. You may take your seat now; and if you will be good I may never call you up again. Norwalk, Cal. J. W. George, [The publishers of this journal are always glad to receive friendly criticisms from friendly critics, both on the contents of this journal and on the supplies they make for bee-keepers. We are sure Mr. Bingham will not object to those relative to his smok- er, although from a mechanical point of view he may see a better way to remedy the trouble. We thank you sincerely for the sugges- tions regarding the Cowan extractor. We had already anticipated some of them, and the 1905 machines will have a different form of brake entirely; but as to making it (the brake) reversible, we had not thought of that, but will take the matter under care- ful consideration. I often see where improvements can be made in certain automobiles that I have had the pleasure of running. Sometimes I have written to the manufacturers, suggesting, in a friendly way. how in my opinion certain ditliculties might be avoided. As a gener- al rule I do not get a word of response or thanks; and as long as they "know it all," their machine will go on with the same old defects. The result will be that a competi- tor who is more progressive will take the trade away, and he should. I firmly be- lieve that a manufacturer or builder should listen to all complaints or suggestions re- garding the stuff he makes; and if he will not listen, the user or consumer should not be censured if he goes to the "other fellow" to get what he wants. But it very often happens that a suggested change is not an improvement at all; but all persons making such suggestions should receive a courteous answer and explanation why their ideas, if adopted, would be a retrograde step. — Ed.] TOO MUCH SWARMING, AND LITTLE HONEY. Can you tell me the reason our bees swarm so much? We let each colony swarm once, and then we put on top boxes, and the bees started to work in them, and work- ed in them one day, and then stopped, and have swarmed twice since, and do not seem to work as they ought to. Holmes H. Tingley. Lowell, N. B., Can. [A little honey- flow is quite apt to result in more swarming than a heavy one. Con- ditions some seasons are just right to cause bees to do what they did in the case above. The fact that you have had excessive swarm- ing, and the further fact that the bees did not seem to work as they ought to, would seem to indicate a light honey- flow; but usually after a swarm has been hived it will stay contented and go to work in the supers But in your case it would have been better, perhaps, to have put a frame of unsealed brood in the brood-nest, as this would have a tendency to hold the bees bet- ter.— Ed] 814 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 15 tittiiki 2> Golden Italian and t* 51 Leather Colored, 5I QUEENS Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by Quirin-the=Queen'=Breeder. We guarantee every queen sent out to please you, or it maybe returned inside of 60 days, and another will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long-tongued Red=Clover Breeders in the United States. We send out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any State, continental island, or European Country. The A. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our stock, from time to time. Dr. J. I,. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., says that he secured over 400 pounds of honey (mostly comb), from single colonies containing our queens. Last winter was a severe test on Bees, But Quirin's Famous Leath= er=colored Italians wintered on their summer stands, within a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. . . . Queens now Ready to go by Return Mail. Our new circular now ready to mail. ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO Prices after July I 1 I 6 I 12 Select Tested Select lested Breeders Straight five-band breeders ... Palestine queens Two-comb nuclei, no queen... Full colony on eight frames... Four fr's brood, & 4 fr's f'd'n 1 75 $4-00 1 00 5:oo 1 50 8;oo 3 00 15 00 5 00 1 50 8 00 2 25 12 00 5 00 25 00 4 00 22 00 ; 7 00 9 00 15 00 15 00 22 00 Special low prices on Queens and Nuclei in 60 and 100 Lots. Nuclei on L. or Danzenbaker frames. I Quirin=the=Queen= Breeder, Beiievue, o. % vs^^tiSi^^^^>:^*^^^^^*^>^i'^m^^'^f-'' '^r?'V^*':fi*^^^*^*^%?^^^^y^i-^9^^^^;^^^^;^i^*-^1^'^^^^ f — — >^ SuperiorStock Is recognized as such, to the extent that last season I was compelled to withdraw my ad. to keep from being swamped with orders. THIS SEASON I SHAI,I< RUN MY Thirteen Hundred Colonies Exclu= sively for Bees and Queens — and will therefore soon be able to — Have 2000 to 2200 Colonies and Nuclei in Operation which warrants me in promising prompt service. Untested Queens Sl.OO; select un- tested f 1.25; tested 81.50; select tested $2.50; breeders |4.00 to $7.00. Illustrated price list free for the asking. W. O. VICTOR, Queen Specialist. WhartOH, TcX J i^,7.s>raKe Georg^e, > Neiv YorK. Carzkiolai:\s. We are the largest breeders of this race of bees in America, having bred thera for 18 years. We find them the ^f«//«/ bees known. Very hardy and pro- lific, good workers on red clover; great comb-builders, and their sealed combs are of a snowy whiteness. Italians. Gentle, prolific, swarm very little, hustlers to work, and a red-clover strain. If iHe BEST Qtieens are wHat yotx want. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than ItKX) fine queens in stock ready for early orders. We guarantee satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, ttiree and live banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queens $1.50 each; 6 for $7.00, or $12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $1.00 each for straight breeders of their sect._ Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address THe Bee aikd Hox\e>' Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville> Tex. IT DOESN'T PAY to keep those poor colonies when a 5 oung vigorous qiieen from the best honey-gathering stock given now maj' make them your best colonies next season. We believe we have as good bees as there are for business. We rear our queens carefully, rejecting poor cells or virgins ; guarantee them good queens and purely mat- ed, or replaced free on notice. Our testimonials will compare favorably with any. One queen, 75 cts ; six for $.3.50 ; 12 fo; 86 50 ; select tested, $1.00 ; six for $5 ; tested, $1.00 ; select tested, 81.50 ; extra select tested, $2.00. J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. Queens by Return Mail I We are now breeding from three distinct strains, viz.. Imported or leather color, Root's long-tongued or red clover strain, and our old strain of white- banded yellow Italians, or albinos. :: :: :; 'r-icos Untested, each 8 .65; half doz. 83.75; doz. $ 7.00 Warranted, each 75; half doz. 4 25; doz. 8.00 Tested, each 1.25 Select tested, each 1.50 We have also a full line of beekeepers' supplies including The A. I. Root Company's goods . . . Root's Sections and Weed's Foundation a Specialty. Send for our 32-page illustrated catalog W. W. Gary & Son, Lyonsville, Mass. Virginia Queens Italian queens secured by a cross, and years of careful selection. From red-clover queens and Superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson. I can furnish large vigorous untested queens 75 cts.; after June 15th, 60 cts.; tested queens, $1.00; after June 1.5th, 75 cents. Write for discount on large orders. CHAS. KOEPPEN, FredericKsburg, - Virginia. Red Clover and Three and Five Banded Queens. Untested, 65 cts.; $7 per doz. Fine tested queens, 81.00 each. Four-frame nuclei, fine queen, in painted hive, $3 25. Remember - we guarantee our queens to work red clover as well as white clo- ver. Get my circular. Queens sent promptly. Fifty and one hundred specia prices. G. ROUTZAHN, BIQLERVILLE, ROUTE 3. PENNA. MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS AS RED-CLOVER WORKERS. Iv. C. Medkiff, Salem, N. J., says: "I bought an un tested queen of you last year, and her bees have filled three comb-honey supers, and did not swarm, while thirteen out of the fifteen other colonies did not get more than half that amount I have queens from six different breeders, and I class yours 100 per cent above them all. Your bees worked very strong on the first crop of red clover. I know they were yours, because I floured them with a dredge-box and watched the hive. They also worked strong on the second crop of red clover and lima-bean blossoms." Untested queens, 7.5c each; six, $4.00; dozen, 87.50. Select untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, 89.00. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for descriptive circular showing why my queen-trade has grown so fast. I am now filling orders by return mail, and shall probably be able to do so till the close of the sea.son. J. P, MOORE, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Key. Ufye Best Stock ! Twenty years' experience in rearing Italian queen bees, and producing honey on a large scale has taught me the value of the best stock, and what the best queens reared from that best stock mean to the hon- ey-producer. I have always tried to improve my stock by buying queens from breeders who breed for honey-gathering instead of color; then by crossing these different strains and selecting the best and breeding from them I have secured a strain of stock that is the equal of any for honey-gathering. Delan.son, New York, July 10, 1902. Mb. Robey— Dear Sir: The queens that I bought of you two years ago were the finest lot, and the best honey-gatherers of any queens I ever had, and I have had over 1000 queens from the principal queen-breed- ers of the United States. E. W. Alexander. Warranted queens in any quantity, 60c. each. Safe de- livery and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Iv. H. ROBEY "W^ortHington, "W. Va. 816 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug 15 Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted under this head at 15 cts. per line Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, and you must sat you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will be charged our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w ANTED. — Second-hand Barnes foot-power saw. The a. I. Root Co., Medina, O. w w w ANTED. — Comb honey; state price, kind, acdquan- tity. We pay cash. D. E. Nuckols, Rondo, Va. ANTED. — Practical bee-man to sell honey all winter. The Snyder Bee & Honey Co., Kingston, N. Y. ANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping-can, for honey. Root's goods. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. w w ANTED. — Refuse from the wax-extractor, or slum- gum. State quantity and price. Orel I,. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Y^ANTED. — To exchange catalog describing the best ' ' hive in existence, a double-walled hive for only 20c extra, for your name and address. T. K. Massie, Tophet, W. Va. \VANTED — To exchange Parker Bros.' famous ham- '' merless shot-gun, Vz gauge, factory price |65.00, good as new, for 350 sections of new comb honey — must be fancy white. Address, Joseph W. Letb, 235 Wilson Ave., Columbus, O. ANTED. — To know where I can buy 300 box or frame hives of bees cheap, in Southern States. L. F. Wahl, Groton, N. Y. yVANTED.— To exchange a prolific one-year old Me- '* dina Clover queen for a good tested Albino or Carniolan, or $1 50 in cash. Cost me $3 00. E. W. DiEFENDORF, Ncw Lebanon, Cooper Co., Mo. Situations Wanted. WANTED.— Situation with a bee-keeper in Cuba or Jamaica, for six months or term of years. F. G. Denzinger, Olean, N. Y. ANTED.— A positon in some apiary. Have had five years' experience among the bees. Wm. Johnson, Crowder, Mo. \VANTED. — Position with bee-keeper for bee-work '' in season, and almost any kind of work. Have had some experience with bees. Will make good greenhouse and garden man, and am good poultry- man. Age 29, single, strictly sober. Can give refer- ence. Carl Erikson, R. F. D. No. 1. Osage, la. w w Addresses Wanted. ANTED. — Your address on a postal for a little book on Queen-Rearing. Sent free. Address Henry Alley, Wenham, Mass. VVANTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the "" truth about it by subscribing for the Havana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havana. 81.00 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale.— Full colonies of leather-colored Italian bees at $5.00 each. F. A. Gray, Redwood Falls, Minn. For Sale.— Secondhand 60-lb. honey-cans. Good as new. Satisfaction guaranteed. B ", Lewis C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. ■ For Sale. — Finest quality, extracted white-clover honey at 7^c. per pound, in cases of one new 58-lb. can. Sample, 8c. R. & E. C. Porter, Lewistown, 111. For Sale. — Our new, 1904, crop of white extracted honey, is better than ever this year, mostly new 60-lb. cans, 7J4@8c. car, for clover and basswood; sample free. E. D. Townsend, Remus, Mich. For Sale. — Five-gallon square tin cans used for hon ey, at about half price of new cans. For prices, etc., address Orel L. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale. — Slightly damaged hives at a very low price; first-class in every way, Lewis make, both eight and ten frame. Can ship at once. Lewis C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. For Sale. — Italian bees and queens. We make one. two, and three frame nuclei a specialty. Write for circular and price list. Also. 100 T supers for sale cheap. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Page Co., Iowa. For Sj\^le.— 500 colonies of bees in Root's 10-f rame hives in fine condition. Will sell in lots of 50 or up- ward. Also fine 100-acre farm at a bargain. Write or call quick for full particulars. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Tex. For Sale.— 1000 supers of our own make for 4J{x4^ xl| sections for Langstroth 8-franie hives, empty, at 13 cts. each. With section-holders and separators added at 30 cts. each. Write early, for they will not last long. Write us for bee supplies. Roy a. Wilson, Kearney, Neb. For Sale at a Bargain.— 200 col. of bees in S. W. Texas, with locations included in fine bee range. For particulars address Homer H. Hyde, Cor. Alex. St. and Cinci. Ave., San Antonio, Tex. For Sale.— 900 colonies of bees in one lot, or 500 * and 400 separately, located one to six miles from Montrose, Col., commanding one of the best alfalfa ranges in the West. Uncle Sam is now constructing the Gunnison tunnel to fully water the entire valley, which will make this the cream of all irrigated coun- try. Address J. S. Bruce, Montrose, Col. For Sale. — Apiaries consisting of 500 colonies of bees; also, 1904 honey crop of 60,000 pounds of comb and extracted alfalfa honey. Address Dr. Geo. D. Mitchell & Co., 340 4th St., Ogden, Utah. For Sale. — Queens! For the balance of season I will sell Italian queens from the very best honey- gathering strains. Untested, 50c. each; tested, 75c. each. W. J. Forehand, Fort Deposit, Ala. For Sale. — 440 colonies of bees in 8 and 10 frame Langstroth hives, all on straight combs. Also other bee-fixtures. Located in heart of alfalfa country. Would give possession 1st of October. Good reason for selling. Cooper & Hopper, La Junta, Colo. For Sale. — 100 colonies of bet s in 3-f rame shipping-cases — no disease of any kind. Price $150. J. N. McColm, Plymouth, Wis. Received this season three cars honey in new 60-lb. cans. Now empty, and must go out of our way. What will you give for all you want? " Hurry up." J. A. Buchanan & Sons, Hollidays Cove, W. Va. Wanted.— Cash offer for my ranch in Cuba. On the good road between two towns. Transportation by train, boat, or road. Stream of water runs through the place. 150 Danz. hives and all supplies necessary for coming honey-flow this winter . Only those mean- ing business answer. L- Maclean Beers, No. 101 Aguiar St., Havana, Cuba. For Sale. — White-clover and buckwheat hone^, comb and extracted; limited quantity, and good quali- ty. Mail sample, 5c. W L. Coggshall, Groton, N. Y. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 817 ^^t ^"it S^^ ^"it ^L ^L ^L ^L ^ ^L ^L ^Sl ^L ^L ^L 7*^ ^L ^ "If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder." Established 1889. Bee=keepers' Supplies. Distributor of Root's goods from the best shipping- point in the Country. My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. L Root Company, and I can save you money bj' way of transportation charges. ::: ::: Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=Jars, and, in fact, EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. SQUARE FLINT GLASS HON EY= JARS. Beaut}', accuracy, and shipments without breakage are features that have justly gained for these jars the title of Standard. Material used in their make is the very finest flint glass, free from air-cells. They are tem- pered in large gas ovens, resulting iu the toughest glassware that can be produced. They are put up in crates of 100, crates being so constructed that one can see what he is handling, and this is the secret of their safe transportation. There is no package so desirable for hone}' as a package made expressly for the purpose. Experience has demonstrated this fact, and many have, by the aid of those jars, established a home market for their product in- stead of shipping to wholesalers at reduced prices. Crate of 100 16-oz. jars and corks $4 00. Crate of 100 8-oz. jars and corks 3.00. Crate of 100 5-oz. jars and corks 2.25. Tin-foil caps for 16-oz. jars, per 100 40. Tin-foil caps for 8-oz. or 5-oz. jars, per 100 30. Corks for 16-oz. jars, per 100 40. Corks for 8-oz. or 5-oz. jars, per 100 30. Corks are always included with jars at above prices. Tin-foil caps are not necessary, but add much to the neatness of the package. These are made expressly to my order for these jars, fit perfectly, and are all stamp- ed "WARRANTED PURE HONEY." Directions for putting up honej' in these jars so that it will not granulate, furnished free to those interested. For labels, see our special catalog of lables. If you are contemplating making an exhibit of bees and honey ai your State or County fair let me aid you. I can furnish every thing to make your exhibit complete. Tacoma, Wash., May 28, 1901. Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. /?«Br5?V;— I have now been using your honey-jars for about 10 years and like them very much. You have shipped me a good many thousand, and a broken jar in a shipment is the exception to the rule. Your method of crating is ahead of anything that I have ever seen in this line, and the quality of your bottles is excellent, not an air cell in any bottle. Will want more in the near future. Very truly yours, G. D. 1,ittooy. Beeswax Wanted. I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send i; to you. WALTER 5. POUDER, J^i 5I3==5I5 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. -K» ^t >i* ^i A* j«< ji« •»* \4 \i Ai« yt > « s* j>'« yt 3* > < 7f ^^ ff: ^S"^ ^S"^ ^S"^ l'^ If^ ^^ ^^ ^«^ ^^^ fS"^ f^ ^S"^ ^^ ^iF ^F >^ 7^4r 818 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Aug. 15 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦»»♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦» We now occupy the greatest floor space, and carry the largest stock of goods, that we ever did before. Our specialty is ^ 'WHolesale and R.etail ♦ Lew^is* Goods X AT I Factory Prices. T Dovetailed hives Wisconsin hives. Champion T Chaff hives, Improved L,augstrolh Simplicity :~ hives, and our new hive which we call the Acme hive. Thousands of pounds of comb ^ foundation; millions of sections in about 30 T different sizes and styles, and everything the T bee-keeper needs. T Do not fail to find out all about the ♦ ACME HIVE. T Hundreds of them already sold, this T year. Catalogs and plenty of informa- T tion free. Let us estimate on j'our order. I C. M. ScotT&Co^ 1 1004 E Washington St., I Indianapolis, = Ind. iMore Room! NOW IS A GOOD TIME TO REQUEEN. OEPLACE all old wornout queens with young, vigorous, and healthy ones. We can supply such queens for 50c each, by re- turn mail. Our strain of three-banded Italians are the bees for honey; tr3' them. Send for price list, and see what others saj'. Untested queens 50c each. Tested $1.00. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LOUISIANA. HONEY QUEENS LAWS' ITALIAN AND HOI^Y LAND QUEENS. Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth, and with these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are you intere^ted? Laws' Leather and Golden Italians, Laws' Holy Lands. These three, no more. The following prices are as low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen, $8 00; tested, $1; per dozen, |10. Breeders, the very best of either race. $'i each. W- H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas. niirr&IO I TUC D cot can always be had at 75c lilirrN.N ! 'nC DCOl each for untested; $425 yukkliw I fQj. gj^. jg QQ pg^ dozen. Tested. 81.50 each. Best breeders 85 each. .Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. The JENNIE ATCHLEY CO.. Box 18, Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. Perfect Goods! L ^ A Customer Once, A Customer Al"ways. yf We manufacture BEE-SUPPLIES of all kinds. Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published ^/je Ameri- cskxi Bee-Keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. ADDRESS U/}e W. T. Falconer Mfg, Company, W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our T«» •*» ^ati^/^^arw-a "M V goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. «| <*IIac;J» HJ Wia, J.^ • M. • 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 819 MarsHfield Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in! the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. U/>e MarsHfield Manufacttiring Company, MarsKHeld, Wis. ETCHBVIEe IVSA?v^FG. CO. Box60, RED OAK, 80WA. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- I ety of every thing needed in the apiarj', as- » suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, 'and prompt shipment. We want every ' bee- keeper to have our FREE II,I,USTRAT- 'ED CATALOG, and read description cf ' Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. [t^a-irRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Chariton, Iowa. I Trester Supply Company, Lincoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs, Iowa. I. H. Myers, Lamar, Col. \ I. J. S-trin Ppieiian Supplies »f: ^\ff>^ Keeps in stock a complete line of lb. sq. Jars, with corks, S5.00 gross. No. 25 sq. Jars, S5. 75 gross. 12-oz Jars (bestseller) $5 gross. /iberal Discount on more than one gross. Apiaries"Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom-- ! 05 Park Place, H. Y. SHIPPING GASES AND GRATES. Pacific Coast Buyers 24 1b. no drip cases, 2 inch glass, S13.00 per 100; 12-lb., $8.00. Crates to hold 8 24-lb. cases, 30c. No. 1 sections, $4,00; No. 2, $3. .50. Foundation, smokers, bee-hives, wholesale and retail. Send for list. W. D. Soper, Route 3, Jackson, Mich. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES FOR KANSAS Bee-hives, honey, sections, comb foundation, and such other articles used in the apiary. Write for price list. A. "W. S-WJVN (Sh CO. Centralia, Kan. ^ i^s RUBBER STAMPS. ^ ^ stamp your name and address on your letters You will save yourself, as well as others, lots o trouble. A two-line stamp costs but 25c. Many styles and prices given in our rubber-stamp cat- alog. .Send for it to daj-. ^A stamp is neater than a label on sections, etc. THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY. Medina, Ohio. are directed to the announcement that SMITHS' CASH STORE (inc.) 25 Market St., San Francisco, California, carries a complete line of apiary supplies. Root's reg- ular and Danzenbaker hives, Dadant's foundation, and Union hives. Money can be saved by buying from them. Prices quoted same as Root's catalog for 1904, with carload rate 90c per 100 pounds added. This saves buyers |1.50 per 100 pounds in freight or 36c on each hive. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cu ting, mitering, groovi boring, scroll-sawing moulding, mortising , _- worlsing wood in any man- ner. Send for catalog A The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co., 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs.. N. T and Hand Power 820 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. AtTG. IS 'Tis sad, I must relate, that in almost every State There are apiaries scattered hert and there; And because of sundry stings the owner seldom brings His smoker to examine them with care. He does not know a queen, be he waking or in dream. From a worker, or a drone with noisy buzz; Nor can he understand how easy face and hand Maybe made immune with simple veil and glove. 'Tis the queen that tells the story of failure or of gloiy, Be your apiary large or small; And let me kindly mention, that, without some small attention, You might as well have kept no bees at all. There is lots of wasted honey that might be turned to money If bees were only given simple care And the time you thus employ would bring health and wealth and joy. And sweetness to >our home and daily fare. We can now supplj- The Irish Bee-Guide, by Rev. J. G. Digges. It is divided in three parts — The Houey- Bee; Hives and Appliances; and Modern Bee-keeping; 32 chapters: illustrated; 220 pages; cloth bound. Ful- ly ud to date, and worthy a place in every bee-keep- er's library. Price 90c. Postage 10c extra. We have before us a copy of the new edition of A Modern Bee Farm, by Sam'l Simniins. This book is fully revised and up to date, and while the methods are largely British the book contains so much ot value that we heartily recommend it to our readers. You are sure to be pleased. Cloth bound. Price $1.85; postage 15c. BUSHEL BOXES. The season is at hand when bushel boxes are needed for handling pota- toes and other farm crops. The ac- companying cut shows our all slatted box which has been used for years, and is a most popular box. It is 16 inches long by 13>^ wide and 1214 'deep, inside measure, holding a heap- ed bushel when level full. One box mav be nested inside of two when empty, so they can be handled in bunches of three. As packed, there are 11 in a bunch — 2 nailed up and the other 12 in flat, with nails included. We usually make them with oak corner-posts ; and, so made, the price is 81.90 per crate of 11. We have quite a stock on hand, packed ready for shipment, of all basswood slats, no oak corners. We offer these, to close them out, at SI. 75 per crate; ten-crate lots, 5 per cent dis- count. AIKEN HONEY-BAGS. We did not include these bags in our catalog this year because we wanted to see them more generally tested in different sections of the country, and proven a satisfactory package everywhere before doing so. We are prepared to supply them, and have arranged for a 1-lb. size in addition to the four other sizes sold heretofore. We are now supplied with all sizes. 100 5C0 1-LB. SIZE, 354x5^. I .65 I lOnO $5 50 3.0U I 5000 @ 5.25 2 LB. SIZE, 5x71/4. 5-LB. SIZE, 7x10. 100 8 .80 500 3 75 1000 7.00 5C00@ 6.60 3K-lb. SIZE, 6x9J^. 100 $1.00 500 4.75 1000 8.75 5000® 8.25 100 $ 1.20 500 5.50 1000 10.50 5000® 10 00 101b. SIZE, lOxlOH. 100 $ 1.50 500 7.00 1000 13 50 5000® 13.00 We will print in name and address of producer or dealer, in different quantities, at the following sched- ule of prices for any size: Lots of 100 30cts. Lots of 250 50cts. Lotsof 500 75cts. Lots of 1000 $1.00. For each additional 1000, add 50 cents. Each change of name and address counts as a separate order. For instance, 1000 bags printed with four different names and addresses, 250 of each, would be $2.00; with ten different names $3.00, etc. As the bags must be print- ed before they are made up and coated, we can not change the label except in lots of 19,000 or over. We have some plain 2-lb. size of darkdrab paper which we can furnish plain at $2 00 per 1000 less than prices quoted above, or we can print a smaller special label in one color at above rates extra for printing. EXTRACTED HONEY. We keep on hand a large stock of extracted honey from different sources, and are prepared to supply at the prices shown below. The following flavors are usually in stock. PRICES. — F. O. B. MEDINA, CHICAGO, OR PHILADELPHIA Kind. III u Ma CO 1,5 o M o a «■ ,2 S »— ! TO boa M o 2S 35 O Oo per lb per lb per lb per gal per gal White Clover Basswood Alfalfa 7 6% 8 8 8 6 7% 6 5J^ 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 10 1 00 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 00 90 P.^CKAGES. By far the largest part of our honey comes put up in the 60-lb. square tin cans, two cans in a case. We also get some in kegs and barrels. We agree to furnish it only in such packages as we happen to have. Unless you find price quoted for different packages, it is understood that we furnish only in 5-gallon and 1- gallon cans. Special Notices by A. I. Root. A. I. ROOT'S DEPARTMENT IN THIS ISSUE. To-day, Aug. 13, I have just returned from a trip of about 400 miles through Ohio in my automobile. I expected to be around in time to furnish copy, but failed. Well, friends of my special department, please be lenient and I will try to give you extra space in our next issue to make up. This trip was taken with the view of studying humanity, and al.so of con- sidering the question of automobiles on our public roads. I visited and passed through about a dozen county-seats besides a host of other towns and villages. I passed vehicles of every description, even going into the city of Xenia as the people were returning in the evening from their county fair; and during all this trip of two weeks' time I did not receive a single un- 1901 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 821 kind word unless it was an expression from a boy on top of a big load of hay. He was a good deal worried for fear he would not be able to manage his team. He was more worried than the horses, however (which has been the case in a great number of instances); and all he said was, " I don't believe those blamed things ought to be allowed on the road." During this trip "x have studied the men, women, and childrexi of Ohio at a shorter range than I ever did before. Yes, I became acquainted with some of the babies, then the small boys and girls, young men and women, the middle-aged, and the old gray-haired grandfathers and grandmothers It has been said that Ohio is geo- graphically near the center of our United States; and I believe "it is also true that Ohio is in many things taking the lead. If this is true, may God grant that our fair State move circumspectly, especially if she is to "set the pace " for the other States of our glorious Union. THAT "missing LINE" — SEE PAGE 613, JULY 15. Quite a number of our readers have supplied the missing line referred to above, and it seems that it has been differently rendered; but perhaps the most cor- rect form is, A thousand welcomes you'll find here before you. Another one is, Kisses and welcome jou'll find here before you. I shall have something further to say in regard to the matter in the next issue. Convention Notice. The annual convention of the National Bee-keepers' Association will be held Sept. 27 30 in the auditori- um of the Christian Endeavor Hotel, within 100 feet of the south entrance of the St. L,ouis fair. Vice-presi- dent C P. Dadant has just returned from the fair and has secured the best possible accommodations for the members. Special j^a:/«— Send 50c. to General Manager N. E. France, of Platteville, Wis., to secure charter certifi- cate to insure your special rates at the above hotel. $1.00 a day lodging, or J1!.00 a day board and lodging; otherwise higher rates are charged. Make it a point to attend the fair the week before or after the conven- tion and thus continue your reduced board rates. Other hotels near, but higher rates charged. Market Street cars, west bound, in front of Union depot, will bring you direct to the above hotel without transfer. N. E. France. The Missouri State Bee-keepers' Association will meet in convention in St. L,ouis, Sept. 20, 1904, in the same hall to be used by the N. B. K. A. Further par- ticulars to be announced later. Arrangements are be'ng made by C. P. Dadant for our accommodations in connection with the National. W. T. Gary, Sec'y M. S. B. K. A. TEXAS BEE-KEEPERS FOR ST. LOUIS IN CAR-LOT. We are making up a carload of bee-keepers to go to St. lyOuis convention together. Will leave San Anto- nio on the evening of Sept. 21, over Katy. If you are going, and wish to get with this crowd, or join it on its way out of the State, advise me. For full particu- lars and sleeper rates advise with H. H. H'sde, Floresville, Tex. Nebraska Headquarters lyOuisiANA Purchase Exposition. I see by the paper that the National Beekeepers' Association will meet in this city Sept. 27. Of course, all will attend the fair; and as Nebraskans we ask that you so arrange the program that all may attend special exercises at Nebraska headquarters at 9 o'clock, when we will arrange a series of moving pic- tures for their especial benefit. I think you are one of the directors, and trust this request will be com- plied with. I,. D. Stilson. St. I,ouis, Mo., July 15. officers of the national bee-keepers' associa- tion to be nominated in advance of election. The following from the General Manager of the National Bee-keepers' Association will explain itself: One of the latest amendments to the constitution of the National Bee-keepers' Association provides that the Board of Directors may " prescribe equitable rules and regulations governing the nominations for the several ofhcers," and the Boaid has just decided that the General Manager shall, in August, publish in the bee journals a call for a postal-card vote of the members of the Association for the nomination of candidates for the several offices (stating the offices) to be filled at the next election. On October 1st the General Manager, and one other disinterested mem- ber chosen annually by the Board of Directors, shall count the votes, and the two men receiving the great- est number of votes for each respective office are to be candidates for said office; the names of the nominees and the offices for which they are nominated to be published at once, in the bee-journals. In accordance with the foregoing, I hereby ask all members of the National Bee-keepers' Association to write me their choice of men as candidates for the fol- lowing offices: To succeed Jas. U. Harris, of Grand Junction, Colo., as President. To succeed C. P. Dadant, of Hamilton, Illinois, as Vice-president. To succeed Geo. W. Brodbeck, of I,os Angeles, Cal., as Secretary. To succeed N. E. France, of Platteville, Wis., as General Manager. To succeed E. Whitcomb, of Friend, Neb., as Di- rector. To succeed W. Z. Hutchinson, of Flint, Mich., as Di- rector. To succeed Udo Toepperwein, of San Antonio, Texas, as Director. October 1st the votes will be counted, and the names of the two men receiving the most votes for each re- spective office will be published in the bee journals; then in November a postal-card ballot will be taken which will decide which of the nominees shall hold the office. Send all votes to N. E. France, Platteville, Wis. am looking for your orders for queens. I please others, why not you ? My trade has increased five-fold in the past four years. . . . 64-PAaE CATALOG. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama. 822 r;T FANTNGS IN BEE CULTURE. Arc. 15 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. J' Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ Send for Our FREi: New Illtistrated Catalog; and Price List. ^ ^ Dittmer's Foundation RETAIL AND WHOLESALE Kb Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and Toughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working' Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Full Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Catalog: and prices with samples free on application. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Bittmer's Foundation. CUS. DITTMER, - - - AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. ^y 'w ^^^^yv ny sjF tjF sy^yy ^j^ Jtft ^f •sy^if"^^ 5y ^fSf *»* V'^f'V"'^ ^f ^f^FH (BINGHAM } GELP CLEANINQ i BEE SMOKER If You Want a Smoker That goes without Puffing — Clean, Durable, and Handy — Oldest, newest, and embracing all the improvements and in- ventions made in smokers, send card for circular to T. F. BINGHAM, FARAVELL, MICH. Volume XXXIl. SEPTEMBER 1, 1904. Number 17 s^^iam,.//^ Market Quotations 828 ^^^^^'^^ — J^ m ''^^^^^^^■^ Straws, by Dr. Miller 835 ^W^^^^ ^^ ^^^«\ fg Pickings, by Stenog 836 ^^M^^.^^ ^ffilwiW Conversations WITH DooLiTTLE 837 ^Hll!^^^^^^" wit II ' D'TORIALS 838 \|\^^ii^» ^%mlll Returns of the Honey-crop for 1904 838 Iffli /^^^ xxxx W»';///l Bee-keepers Educate their Local Market 838 1\\\\\| /; VN^, ~"^ Bee-keepei-s should Drum up Grocery Trade 839 l\\\\l it '''' 4)^. 11 /■/////I Death of Another Pioneer Bee-keeper 839 IWUll. I L r\i^'>- *Vi!?'a MiMiml Carload of Bee-keepers to St. Louis 839 IMk'^II VS^' Outdoor Feeding for Winter Stores 839 I »i \l /%" Artificial Parafflne Honey-comb 840 lll^v V f't^ DeBeche, the Bee-keeper and Cuban Patriot 841 II M^XM^ Z_v\l^ ■General Correspondence 843 li^S Personal Recollections of L. L. Langstroth 843 J/H/lRai^^i^^^ y j^/y^'~7^W Division of Labor among Bees 846 if////il»ir^^''^ rr^T'i /]\»ll\\\ "' Priority Rights 847 .iiii»#«i ■^^\~k W/ 'y«kt/ \\lS}8\ Arrangement of Hives in an Apiary . J^^^ ^Bl Heads of Grain ...849 Mj^^'^M^N r ^^mi Cellar vs. Outdoor Wintering 849 iB^^^^T^^ / wmV Why Sections should not be Cleaned. 850 iSilKi^^vv \J ' ■ A Returning Swarm 850 iBi^^R^ ^ *^ ^"S8\ Honey Season on East Coast of Florida..- 851 j^^jP^^si=^ \ r-^xag;-.=.a«""' "^ ^^wil Queenless and Broodless; What does it Mean' 851 llllllm^/^ r^.^fi^«*^ i'))*^^^V, Outside Feeding 851 ^ ^^S. Mortality of Bees in Utah 851 mhu/m - ^ W WVt, iCombs Affected with Pickled Brood 851 f/////f C^. \\vV» Our Homes 852 M^t<^ ^_^ ^'T^" Special Notices 864 /trnf * v 'j^^:^:^- ^ . \|] The A.!. e MEDINA Eaestern Edition. Entered at the Postofficb, at Medina, Ohio, as Second-class Matter. GL A.V3 ^S for E-xtracted Honey! We have a car load of glass jelly tumblers coming- about Sept. 1st. Get our prices ; we can save you money. Write at once giving- sizes wanted so that they may come in the car. LEWIS G.& A. G. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Mich. CAN SHIP TO-DAY. Cl have the larg-est stock, and the best assortment I ever had at this time of year, and can fill your order the same day it is re- ceived. I have more Hives, Su- pers, Sections, and Foundation, Shipping--Cases, and every thing- you may need than I can possibly sell this season. CBut don't wait, send in ycrr orders promptly, and they will be filled promptly. YES, THEY ARE ROOT'S GOODS AND SOLD AT ROOT'S PRICES. Clf you have not my 36- page catalog, send for it, free. Bees- wax wanted, either for cash or trade. GEORGE E. HILTON, FREMONT, MICH. urry Up Orders FOR Hives, Sections, Founda= tion, etc. The supplies you order this month you want ^^right away^^ — ^^as soon as possible^^ That is what we are doing for others, let us do it for you. :: :: :: For Root's Goods in Michigan= — In a Hurry. M. H. HUNT & SON, ""'^'ikPcr^" fin 'I' C. H. W. Weber, Headcfiiarters for Bee-Supplie R-oot's Goods at Root's Factory Prices. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 827 <^ f4> Let me sell you the Best Ooods Made; you will be pleased on receipt of them, and save money by ordering from me. Will allow you a discount on early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is one of the best shipping-poiats to reach all parts of the Union, particularly in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :; :: :; I Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and bee-veils. Queens Now Ready to Supply by Rsturn Mail; Golden Ital- ians, Red-ciover, and Carniolans. Will be ready to furnish nuclei, beginning with'June, of all the varieties mentioned above. Pricas for Untested, during June, one.'^75; six, $4.00; twelve, $7.50. I wil! buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on DeSivery, and shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. I have in Stock Seed of the following Honey-plantss Sweet- scented clover, white and 3'^ellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- celia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. C H. W, Weber Office (St Salesroom, 2140-2148 Cemtral Ave. "W^arehouse, Freeman and Central Aventie. C I N C I ATI OHIO 4* 4» 828 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 1 Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ty attached to all four sides, the combs uusoiled by travel- stain or otherwise ; all th.v cells sealed exceot an occasional ;ell, the outside surf ice of the wood well scraped of propolis. A No. 1.— All s.c. nu-i well filled e.tcept the row of cells next to the wooil ; l- imbs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; comb.s comnaratively even ; one-eighth part of .3omb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled ■and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is, there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Milwaukee.— The honey'market is undergoing' some change, and an improvement can be reported in condi- tions. There has been a more active inquiry for fancy ).rades, either comb or extracted, and some sales have been made of the same, and the prospects are quite flattering for a good demand this season, and we expect better values will prevail. We now quote fancy sec- tions, 11®12: No. 1, 10 a 10 ;^; other grades nominal. Ex- tracted in barrels, cans, and pails, white, 6J4'a8;dark, 5V:-(5 6. Beeswax. 28(a30. A. V. Bishop & Co., Aug. 17. Milwaukee, Wis. Toronto.— We never found it so hard to report the honey market. We have tried to get prices for new crop, but, with one or two exceptions, we have failed to get those having honey to sell to set a price. The feel- ing is that there will be a short crop generally, and everybody is hanging back. They may do so too long. We have had a few offers of comb, at $1.50 to $1.75 per dozen, and extracted from 7(SilO. E. Grainger & Co. Aug. 15. Toronto, Can. Toledo.— We wish to state that the honey market at present remains quiet, as every one is waiting to see what the prices are going to be, and also the quantity of honey. Extra fancy comb honey in no-drip cases brings 15; No. 1, 14; very little demand for dark honey. Extra white clover, in barrels, 6; in cans, 6!'^; amber, in barrels, 5; in cans, 5]4. Beeswax, 26(i28. Griggs Bros., Aug. 18. Toledo, Ohio. Boston.— The honey market is in a very unsettled condition, or, rather, we might say that the absence of any demand practically makes no market. As a gener- al thing, we do not look for a demand until from the middle of September to the first of October. By this time, cooler weather creates a certain demand. Prices at this time are, therefore, practically nominal. The very finest thing is bringing 16, and from that down. Stocks are coming in very slowly, but that is to be ex- pected at this time. Blake, Scott & Lee, Aug. 20. 31-33 Commercial St., Boston, Mass. Kansas City.— The demand for honey remains about the same, and strictly fancy white is selling for $3.00; No. ], $2.75; amber, 12.25 to $2.50. Extracted, 6@7 per pound. Beeswax, SO. We lojk for a big demand for honey next month. C. C. Clemons & Co., Aug. 19. Kansas City, Mo. Schenectady. — Receipts of white comb honey quite liberal; no dark. White selling at 13(a'15, according to style and qualily; extracted. 6(a7. Write for particulars about marking, shipping, etc., before sending us your honey. Chas. McCulloch, Aug. 18. Schenectady, N. Y. Chicago.— Some new honey is on sale. No. 1 to fancy white comb brings 12 <• 13; so far the demand is of a slow nature. Extracted, good supply, and white grades sell at 6 7; amber, 5(a6, according to kind, quality, flavor, and package. Beeswax, 28c. R. A. Burnett & Co., Aug. 18. 199 South Water St.,LChicago, 111. Cincinnati.— The tone of the comb honey of this year's stock is becoming stiff er, producers claiming it to be not so plentiful and therefore ask higher prices. I quote fancy white comb honey IS'ifaiS. Extracted is showing no change; amber, in barrels, b^ifo 5^2; in cans, He higher; water- white alfalfa, in cans, 6'/^; fancy white clover, in barrels, G/i^S. Beeswax is more plentiful, brings 28c. C. H. W. Weber, Aug. 19. Cincinnati, O. Detroit.— Nearly all old honey off the market, and not very much new honey coming in. Storekeepers are not in a hurry to stock up much before October. Com- mission houses report receipts small. Prices for fancy, 14^15; No. 1, 13(0-14. No dark honey in. Extracted, 7@7}4, with few sales. Beeswax. 25fa26. M.JH. Hunt & Son, Aug. 20. Bell Branch, Mich. Albany. — Honey market picking up some now with more inquiry for new crop in good order. The trade fa- vors honey packed in handle racks or crates, now as it seldom comes out of order. We quote white comb, 16; No. 1. 15;_ No. 2, 13@14. Extracted, white, 7 7'/.; mixed, 654(g»7. H. R. Wright, Albany, N. Y. Aug. 29. New York.— a few lots of new comb honey have ar- rived, but not erough to establish a fixed price in quan- tity lots. We do not expect large receipts before the second week of September, and will not be able to give definite quotations until that time. Extracted honey is in fairly good demand at unchanged prices. Bees- wax dull and declining, market price now being 27(328. Hildreth & Segelken, Aug. 19. 265-7 Greenwich St., New York. ' Denver.— No. 1 white comb honey per case of 24 sec- tions, $2.50(a$2.75; No. 2, $2.25(a)J2.40; white extracted, 6^(3.7/^. Beeswax wanted, 22'6 25 per pound, accord- ing to color. Receipts of new comb honey are increas- ing, but local demand is light, owing to warm weather and abundance of small fi-uits. The Colorado Honey Producers' Ass'n. Aug. 20. Denver, Col. STANDARD BRED QUEENS. BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER. GOLDEN ITALIANS. CARNIOLANS. By Return Mail. Safe Arrival Guaranteed. X- X^ X (.^ Aj c >. ONt SIX rWELVE Untested . i ..,....'... Select Untested Tested .;".:........ Select Tested • ...... . . . . . $0.75 1 .00 1.50 . 2.0O $4.00 5.00 8.00 10.00 $7.50 9.00 15.00 18.00 Select Breeders, each • ..>Two-frame Nucleus and nice Queen - $3.00 • 3.00 THE FRED W. MUTH CO., No. 51 WALNUT ist., CINCINNATI. OHIO 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 829 San Fkancisco.— Comb honey, new crop, 9® 13. Ex- tracted water white, S'tc (>; lisrht amber, 5(Si5/^; dark amber, 4 '-3(3 5. Beeswa.x, 28ia29. r -" Ernest Schaeffle, Aug. 12. Murphys, Cal. For Sale.— 75,000 pounds of fancy and A No. 1 comb honey. 4x5 sections, all white. Will deliver from .3000 to fOOO pounds weekly until May 15. Will sell all or in part to suit, f. o. b. Havana. Cuba. Address Frank Reiman, San Nicolas, Cuba. For Sale. — Our new crop of extracted honey, consisting of white clover, raspberry, and clover and basswood mixed, is now ready for the market. It is in 60-lb. cans, two in a case ; also 10,000 lbs. of amber, in barrels and cans. Say how much you can use, and kind, and I will mail you a free sample and quote you our lowest price. E. D. Townsend, Remus, Mich. For Sale.— About 7000 lbs. tupelo honey, in 12-lb. -square tin cans, 6 to case per case, $4.50; per 100, 872 00, fob. here. R. I<. Tucker, Wewahitchka, Fla. For Sale. — I,ight colored honey, fine flavor, bar- rels, 7c; cans, 8c; amber. 6fa;7. Sample. 10c. I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place, N. Y. City. Wanted.— New crop white comb honey. Describe what you have, and state price. Evans & Turner, Columbus, O. Wanted.— Fancy white extracted, section and chunk honey. C. F. Perkins, 1208 Neil Ave., Columbus, O. Wanted. — Comb and extracted honey on commis- sion. Boston pays good prices for a fancy article. F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston, Mass. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted — Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted.— Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at any time of the year Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hildrkth & Segelken. 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 25c cash or 28 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St., Chicago, 44 Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The a. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio. Wanted. — Comb honey by the wholesale. We will buy your crop outright, cash at your de^ot, any ivheie in the U. -S , if price and quality are right. We have salesmen in nearly every market in U. S., but buy only through Thos. J. Stanley, Manzanola, Colo., our honey- man, who spends the season in the West super- intending our apiaries and looking after Western car lots of honey. Address us there direct, stating what your honey is gathered from, what grade, the average weight of sections, how packed, color, etc.; quantity; V hen you can deliver, and lowest cash price per pound properly crated and delivered at your depot. We should like to know about what the freight rate to your nearest city is. We believe that our purchases are larger than those of any other firm or association. Yours for business, Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Manzanola, Otero Co., Colo. r WILL BUY a few tons of honey, and pay cash at your depot. Correspondence solicited giving full particulars as to quality, style of section used, when it will be ready to ship, price wanted, etc. If satisfactory I will call on you. A. W. SMITH, Birmingham, Wich. As the - Oiiaiiipi®ii Fruit Pioker THE GREATEST DEVICE KNOWN for gather- ! ing- apples, oranges, peaches, etc., does the work. " Is simple in construction, light and durable, and can be used by any novice. Each picl-s a;: toa ir-:sndi or nelghoor: wbotn yoi: he; evs wi;, b^ •n'o&-ested In a jourua -nanding for ihe farmeif® teest interests, and w =Fm st?nd you these £v© gres* per:.odicals eacl A which stands as tte ti6»4 ef %%s^ slass farmer's Voice rl^^twlc I For forty yeare tn« most earnjrf advocate ot a",: itlngs wMcS; tsM to make i:f tlie American Poultry Journal ,50' The oldest antf beat ooi/ltfy it*::'*? In the wo!-la.. The Hoiisefioid Realm . „ o50 For 18 yean- ih«i only warau.ja ( paper ownwi, ^dlteti ta-i ksiea- Ushed exek'.B'.Vfiif bn wona».'!i Ifick's Family Magazini c50 The leading KoraL Magant*. ' i «i:.a.rlc».^ Tor Vtck°B yon m»y snbstttute Green's Frus «TOwer, Farm Jonrnai, Blooded Stock, Kansas CltT Star or St. Paul Dispatch. Sample copies of The Fanners' Voice fret Uberal terms to agenta. VOICE PUB. CO., 118 Voice BIdg., ChlcaK*. Fnvplnnpc prlnted-to^rder, only (1 per 1000: Benii Ml rbni|i^j, for free sample and itale jwwr baslneK names o farmeri ai atiovt Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1S7;,.] D:votcd to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Serui-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Uepi. J. T. CALVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. X,. BOYDEN, vSec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms; $1.00 per annum ; two j-ears, $1.50; three years, $2.00,- five years, $iM, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. I>isconf inuanoesf The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwife we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, an 1 will pay for it soon. Any one who does not liV e this plan may have his journal stopped after the time oaid for by making his request when ordering. AOI'ERTJSIA'G R.4.TES. Column width, 2>^ inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Line Rates {Net). Time Discounts. 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 250 lines® 18 600 1ines@ 16 lOOOlinesOi 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates {Net). 1 page $40 00 j 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 dajs, 2 per cent. Circulation Averag-e for 19GS 28MG6. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey .Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer Officers: J. V. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. D.^D.^NT, Hamil.on, 111 , Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbf.ck, I,os Angeles, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebra,=ka. W. Z. HCTCHiNSO.v, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, I,oveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hamb.\ugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. Wm. McE\'Oy, Woodstock, Out. IJdi GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 831 832 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 1 i A Queen and the % I American Bee Journal I f FOR ONLY I DOLLAR. $ f$> <:$» *$* '\X7'-^ believe that every reader of *$* *W ^^ Gleanings should also have the ^ f|, Weekly American Bee Journal, ^ ^ and in order that those who do not now *f^ *$* get it may give it a good trial, we will ^ ^ send it for the last six months of 1904 *$* Si' (26 copies) — July i to Jan. i — and also ^ ^ one of our *$* |; Standard = bred X 4^ Untested Italian Queens, 334 Dearborn St., - CHicag'o, Ills, t^ 1934 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 833 He Isn't Worrying about where his bread and butter is coming from. So writes E. D. Townsend in the August issue of the Bee- Keepers' Review, and he gives the reason why. He has been a bee-keeping specialist for several years, making his living solely from bees, and he tells how he has done it, and shows how any extensive bee-keep- et can be almost absolutely certain of getting at least a fair crop of honey each year. His article on this subject is the most encouraging reading for a bee- keeper that I have ever read. Send ten cents for the August issue of the Review, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Golden Italian and »2 Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared bj' Ou'rin-the-QueensBreeder. We guarantee every queen sent out to please you. or it may be returned iuside of bO days, and anoiher will be sent "gratis." Our business was established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long-tongued Red=Clover Breeders in the United States. We send out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any State, continental island, or European Country. The A. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our stock, from time to time. Dr. J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., says that he secured over 400 pounds of honey (mostly comb), from single colonies containing our queens. Last winter was a severe test on bees, but Quirin's Famous Leather=coIored Italians wintered on their summer stands, with- in a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Queens now ready to go by return mail. Prices after July 1. 1 6 1 12 Select Tested Select 1 ested $ 75 1 00 1 50 3 00 5 00 1 4 00,1 7 (lO 5 00 9 00 8 00 15 00 15 00 Straight five-band breeders ... NOW IS THE TIME TO REQUEEN, and in doing so remember QUIRIN'S hardy Italians. We shall soon unite our nuclei for winter, so hurry in your orders. I Quirin=the=Queen=Breeder, Beiievue, o. | Hunter-Trader-Trapper A journal of information for hunt- ers, traders, and trappers; publish- ed monthly; subscription $1.00 per year; sample copies ten cents. Special time-offer, five months for 2So. Gleanings in Bee Culture and H-T-T each one year *1.50. HUNTER-TRADER-TRAPPER. Box 90. Gallipolis, Ohio. THERE'S NO SUBSTITUTE for Page Fence, if you need Papre Fence quality. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Box S, Adrian, Mich. STROMGES1 m MADE. Buij strong, Chicken Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale Prices. Fnlly Warranted. Catalog Free COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box lul Winchester, Indiana, D. S. A. S^lMoJ^ Saxrk fAAQ^ Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PRICES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something WORTH LOOK- ING INTO. Send for our FREE BOOK, " How to Make Money with Snuabs,' and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MASS. CHOICEST FRUIT nnd Oriiamentul Tr have them write us. — Ed. | A RETURNING SWARM. I am sending you a half-tone of a return- ing swarm. The queen was caught in the tr?p, and when the swarm came back from the plum-tree she was allowed to enter. All my bees are Italians, and very g jntle. Th's colony gave me 13.3 choice sections, 3's >.5. Mv average was over 90 for the apiary. I sell all my honey to the local trade, and can't get enough. F. H. Drake. East Brookfield, Mass. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 851 THE HONEY SEASON ON THE EAST COAST OF FLORIDA; OVERSTOCKING AND PRI- ORITY RIGHTS. The honey crop on the east coast of Flor- ida is short — in some places a failure. On the west coast the yield was good. From about 700 colonies Mr. Marchant extracted 258 barrels, of 32 gallons each; also got about 1500 lbs. of comb honey. The bees were located in three apiaries on the Apa- lachicola River— one, two miles north, the other two miles south of the home apiary. You will see the bees did not work a very extensive territory, but all were busy as long as the flow lasted, which was about 25 days. We consider this a very fair yield, and do not think the range was overstocked. In regard to overstocking a range, we may say that some ranges are overstocked before any bees are put there, or otherwise some people will stock a range that is not capable of supporting bees at all, so such a range can easily be overstocked. Other places will seem some years to be incapable of being overstocked, when the next year the range will yield little or nothing. There is no definite way to tell what is going to be; but common sense should tell a person that it is policy to get as far away as possible from a range already occupied with bees; for if such range is not filled to its full ca- pacity the people there will, no doubt, put all the bees there that can be kept with any profit one year with another. Then we may ask how far an apiarist's rights of priority extend. Is it as far as he pleases, or just as far as he can occupy it and do it justice? May be some of us demand too much. If my neighbor locates an apiary on a range adjoining my own, but beyond the flight of my bees, is it any of my business? or have I a moral right to claim every thing that joins me? This matter will never be settled to the entire satisfaction of every one; but let us not claim too much as ours when we can show but a poor title or perhaps none at all, only to say, " I was here first, and claim all within reach." If you have a nice apia- ry on only a fair range, and I come and es- tablish another one just over the street from you, it shows a very poor business policy on my part, and little regard for what is right from a friendly point of view; but every one will have his views all the same. Hollister, Fla. M. W. Shepard. they are finally given larvae or eggs they will commence cell-building, and feed the cells lavishly with royal food.— Ed.] QUEENLESS AND BROODLESS; WHAT DOES IT MEAN? What is meant by making a colony queen- less and broodless? Do you remove all the brood at the time you do the queen, or sim- ply wait four or five days until all the eggs have hatched into larvae? Gorda, Cal. W. N. Hubble. [To make a colony queenless and brood- less simply means that we take away queen and brood in all stages, including eggs. The purpose of this is to get the bees in a condi- tion where they are crying for prepared cells, brood, eggs, or a queen. Then when OUTSIDE FEEDING. Several of my apiaries are located some miles from any other; and when I find that they are short of stores for brood-rearing I feed granulated-sugar syrup outside. I have fed a barrel of sugar at a time, and had no difficulty with robbing. I leave the entrances of the strong colonies wide open, and contract those of the weak ones in pro- portion to their strength. It seems to me quite as satisfactory as inside feeding, with much less trouble. E. B. Rood. - Braidentown, Fla. [See answer to C. E. Woo:iward in our last issue, p. 811, and editorials in this one. -Ed.] mortality of bees in utah. I saw in your July 15th issue an article on mortality of bees in Utah. I saw the same disease, and it stood altogether in the honey that was in the hive. The remedy we used for it was to extract all the honey from the hive and feed the bees. The dis- ease described in Gleanings just matches the one I saw. The bees, old and young, would crawl out and begin to hop, and some would go as far as fifty or sixty feet, hop- ping till they were exhausted. After the colonies were thus treated they came out all right. H. A. Ross. Evansville, Ind., July 21. [This is respectfully referred to the suf- ferers or losers of bees in Utah. —Ed.] ARE COMBS AFFECTED WITH PICKLED BROOD FIT TO USE AGAIN? Pickled brood got into my yard pretty badly this spring, and I have saved the combs and honey. Would the combs and honey be all right to use again next year? I have been reading on page 763 what A. J. Halter has to say about it. But with me, it began with two colonies with the first brood they had in the spring, and kept spreading all through the yard. E. A. Harris. North Petersburg, N. Y. [I would not advise the use of combs which have contained pickled brood. It is cheaper by far to melt them up and use foundation in them again. The combs of honey certainly would not be fit to give again to the bees. While pickled brood is not a serious disease, it is very annoying, cropping out every now and then, and then disappearing. — Ed. ] Under ordinary conditions will bees store enough honey in a one-story eight-frame Dovetailed hive to last them through the winter? Albert Hurt. Memphis, Tenn., July 29. [Probably not; but a good deal will de- pend on conditions. If there is no fall hon- 852 ey-flow it will probably be necessary to give a light feed in the fall.- Ed.] GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 1 MOMES, BY A.I/;|RaOT. The meek shall inherit the earth, and shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace. — Psalm 37:11. I confess, dear friends, that, with the war between Japan and Russia, and the various strikes now going on in different parts of the United States, it does not seem, especially to the casual observer, that the meek are making very much headway in inheriting the earth; but if we take a calm view of things, especially matters that are going on under the surface as well as above, I think we shall see that the Bible promise is being fulfilled. God's people are surely making progress; intemperance is being put down, and wicked men, with millions of money back of them, are beginning to understand that there is "a God in Israel," and that they must obey the laws of our land. In a recent trip of 400 miles through Ohio I passed through Ashland, Mansfield, Marion, Delaware, Marysville, Springfield, Dayton, and Xenia, besides many other good-sized towns and cities. It was a pleasant surprise to find almost every one of these cities torn up more or less in the work of making better thoroughfares. I passed through so many different towns in a brief period of time that I can hardly remember now which was which; but in quite a few I found not only beautiful streets paved with vitrified bricks, but in three or four there were asphalt pave- ments where the automobile would run with- out a sound, and turn almost as easily as if it were walking on air. And, by the way, we are already, at least to some extent, ig- noring not only mud roads, but roads of every kind, and climbing through the air, and I do not mean by means of the gas- balloon either. But I am not at liberty just now to tell all I know in regard to this mat- ter. Marysville, O., I found so torn up with their preparation for nice pavements that one could hardly get to a hotel, store, or restaurant without going on foot; and some- times it was difficult to get there at all. There seems to be a general forward move- ment, and perhaps a little good-natured ri- valry, in fixing up the towns and cities of Ohio, and in my opinion there is great need of it. The roads, in many cities, even on the principal streets, are full of mud-holes or round cobblestones, and I presume these things have been tolerated simply because the towns had planned to do a good job when they got at it, and they did not want to waste money on temporary improvements meanwhile. Our town of Medina is just now in that fix. The street most used has been in a horrible condition for a year or two; but as I write the surveyors are at work, great ditches are being dug across it to convey the city water, and to look after proper sewage, before laying the vitrified bricks that are be- ing piled up in great heaps on each side of the roadway. God is already blessing our people in their efforts not only to fix up each mdividual home, but to take care of the streets and highways that are to be used by each and all. May he grant this work may be done in peace and harmony all over our land; and at the same time may he give us men of nerve and courage to rebuke and punish the "grafters" who would rob the people of the public funds. The Philadelphia Farm. Journal has gone further than any other agricultural paper in declaring that automobiles should be barred from the pubHc roads. If I am making a mistake in this I shall be glad to be correct- ed; but in several recent issues they have at least intimated that the farmers who built the good roads are being driven off and be- ing obliged to take byways on account of the autos that are, as a matter of course, select- ing the best and most direct highways. In fact, there has been more or less of a dispo- sition to quarrel over the right of way ever since automobiles have become so prominent. The Farm Journal thinks that what the owners of autos have done in the way of paying for our good roads is only a drop in the bucket. Now, this may have been true in the past, but it is not going to be so in the future. As a rule, the owners of autos have means, and the greater part of them certainly are not only able but willing to pay, and pay liberally, for whatever they want. Men of wealth are going to furnish the money for beautiful roadways in a way they have never done before; and the ques- tion as to whom the roads belong to, and who shall use them, is going to be settled in the line of our text: "And the meek shall inherit the earth, and shall delight them- selves," not only in peace, but in the "abun- dance of peace." Very likely some of you will suggest that the men who run the autos are not exactly the personification of meek- ness; and I shall have to admit that some of them are not. There are others, however, who are coming rapidly to the front who not only practice but exhort meekness. There is a great organization, the American Mo- tor League, that not only makes its busi- ness to see that our people have fair play, but also declares most vehemently that ev- ery man who owns an auto shall respect the law. Let me give an illustration: In running our bicycles a year or two ago we were greatly annoyed by chickens and other poultry belonging to the farm homes. They had been educated, it seems, to calcu- late safely on their ability to get out of the way of a horse and buggy; but the wheel was so much swifter, and came on to them so silently, they got "rattled," and, instead of getting out of the way, or staying out of the way, some evil genius seemed to possess them to run right under the machine. Well, now, this is very much worse with autos. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 853 A hen with a dozen chickens will be looking after the welfare of her flock by the road- side. When the auto comes on her unex- pectedly, she (and the chickens) at the last moment seem to think that the other side of the road will be much the safer, and so they run right into danger; and unless the driver slows up and turns his machine so as to avoid them he will be pretty sure to kill chickens more or less. Now, even as good a boy as Huber suggested that a chicken, especially a small one, is not worth slowing up for, es- pecially if you ai"e in a hurry. I reproved him, and I wish here to reprove every user of the highway who takes that ground. Some of the auto magazines have suggested that poultry is out of place on the highway. Even if this should be declared so by law, I would not consider for a moment asking the farmer to shut up his chickens or to keep them off from the roadway. You see, friends, it hits the same question as to whether bees have the right of way to go where they choose. A small chicken may represent only a nickel in value; and even if the driver would willingly hand over the nickel rather than stop, this does not help the matter. Paul says, "If meat maketh my brother to offend, I will eat no meat while the world standeth;" and killing chickens, and leaving them lie scattered along the highway, cer- tainly does make, just now, a farmer "broth- er to offend."* I am sorry to hear that, on the road that was chosen for automobiles to run from New York to St. Louis, not only dead chickens but geese, turkeys, and guinea fowls were mangled and scattered along the way. I have never yet killed a chicken, al- though Huber killed one or two when I was sitting by his side. That was when we first started out, more than a year ago. I have always slowed up rather than endanger the life of a chicken, out of respect to my farm- er friends; and if I should be so unlucky as to kill one I will certainly stop my machine and pay for the fowl. We are told that, on that ride to St. Louis, an irate farmer drew a gun and threatened the life of one of the auto drivers unless the man stopped and paid him a dollar for a chicken. He said, "Of course, you did not kill my chicken; but one * Farmers, or perhaps I should say farmers' wives, work hard to rear their chickens, and it is no small loss if they be run over, especially if they are run over with indifference, as if they did not amount to much anyhow. I stopped one night at a country home. The father and mother, with three or four children, had been for thir- ty years on a rented farm. Various mishaps had pre- vented them from purchasing the propei-ty outright. Just a few days before my arrival, the good wife said to the husband in the morning, " Why, husband, you let the chickens out this morning, didn't you?" ■' No, I have not touched the chicken-coop at all." "Why, dear me! I fear somebody must have stolen them." An examination showed that 73 chickens, worth 50 cents apiece for broilers, had been stolen during the night. These chickens were the result of days and weeks of hard work. The coop was securely fastened every night and opened every morning: and yet there are wretches in human form who would thus rob a poor farme'rs wife on rented land of her hard earnings. On- ly about a year ago their best horse was stolen out of the lot in like manner. Think of this when you feel like calling it a " small thing " because a chicken or two may be killed by an automobile. of your crowd did, and you can get your money back from the crowd." He got his dollar, and the crowd did make good the man who handed it over to avoid being shot. But in this case the farmer was the one who was breaking the laws; and I think that, in order to avoid establishing a bad precedent, this farmer should have been arrested and punished. Getting your rights by using a shot-gun illegally is not according to the spirit of our text. I have already discussed about teams. We have good laws in regard to this matter, and horses are fast becoming educated as well as. the chickens. We have good laws regulating the matter; and almost everybody under- stands now that an auto driver is legally obliged to slow up or stop whenever any person who is driving a horse gives him a wave of the hand. It may be annoying to be obliged to slow up and stop the engine when the horse pays no attention whatever to the machine; but it is the law, and we must obey it. I wish I had space to tell you of the pleas- ant words and smiles I received during that long trip in arranging this matter of fright- ening horses. I made it a point to say, when I hindered anybody because his horse acted badly, "I am very sorry to have an- noyed or hindered you. I try to avoid mak- ing anybody trouble." In reply to such words, over and over again bright intelligent men and women have said to me, "I am ex- ceedingly obliged to you, sir, and I fear I have hmdered you needlessly. My horse has. acted badly on previous occasions, but you have a fashion of going much slower than such vehicles usually do, and your machine doesn't seem to make nearly as much noise as the greater part of them." Of course, the replies are not always in the above lan- guage, but something like it. Again and again people would say, when I began ta slow up, "Go right along, sti-anger; I can handle my horse, I am sure, and I want him to get accustomed to these things. ' ' Unfortunately I came into the town of Xenia just as long strings of vehicles were returning with their occupants from the big- gest day of the county fair. It was no use for me to take another road leading into town, for they were all in the same fix. I did think of stopping by the wayside; but that woulld have kept me till after dark, which would have made matters still worse; so I passed vehicle after vehicle. Let me re- mark here that there seem to be special towns where the horses act very much worse than in others. Where there are a dozen autos in the town, the horses have mostly become accustomed to them, and there is little or no ti'ouble. Xenia and one other town are the worst I have seen; but in both places the people who drive the horses were more at fault than the horses themselves. They frightened their horses by making them think they were going to be killed sure. On one occasion I saw some women away off on top of a hill, piling out of the buggy in fran- tic haste. They were so frightened, and were 854 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 1 trembling so, they could hardly stand on their feet. As soon as I was near enough I stopped my machine, and not only soothed the women but I would have soothed the horse also were it not that he did not see any thing to make a fuss about. The grand- mother, who held the baby, said, "But you see, stranger, we have a baby here, and we can not take any chances on babies." I told her she was exactly right, and I soon made friends with the baby and the baby's mother. I tried to have them get back into their bug- gy, but they said their horse was just fran- tic at the sight of an auto, and they insisted on walking in the dust clear up to my ma- chine and past it. The horse paid scarcely any attention to it whatever, although I led him right up to it. Now, these people were profuse in their expressions of gratitude. The grandmother said something like this: " If all men were as kind and careful as you have been, stranger, what a different world this would be!" Of course, it took some time to get by all of these vehicles in this way; but it gave me a rare opportunity of showing forth the spir- it of Christ Jesus. And when we come right dowTi to it, what is the most important business we have in life? Why did the dear Savior give me a human life to live? and, finally, for what reason did he send me out on this trip, unless it was to show forth his spirit wherever I go and to all I may meet? Permit me to say right here I do not know that I ever thanked God for his mercies, and for giving me this life to live, any more than I did dur.Rg that outing of two weeks; and I think my happiness was due to the pains I took to make friends, not only with men, women, and children, but with the horses, geese, and chickens. Whenever I stopped to oil the machine, make adjustments, or get gasohne, a crowd soon gathered. I was sometimes tempted to be vexed with the inquiring curiosity of small boys. There are always some in the crowd that look the ma- chine all over intently, but never touch any thing; but there are others whose itching fingers can hardly be kept off the rubber tires, cranks, valves, etc. In vain I told them they must not touch a thing about the machine or they would m.ake mischief; but when I was watching the oiling, something would be handled. What makes the differ- ence in children? Why, my dear father and mother, it is the home bringing-up. If your child has not already been taught to avoid meddling with things when he goes around machinery belonging to somebody else, go right at it this minute. It will not only en- hance his money value anywhere in the world, but it may save his life. In one town there was a boy who was so bent on getting hold of every thing it was next to impossible to stop him. I cautioned him re- peatedly ; but when my head was down under the machine I heard a sharp click, then an explosion in the cylinder, and a rap as if you had struck a boy with a ruler. I asked the boy what happened, and he whimpered out, ' ' Whv, that crank all at once flew around and struck me on the head." He said he did not touch any thing; but the other boys said he turned the electric switch. The en- gine had been stopped with the compression on; and it happened that, when he moved the switch, it ignited the charge. I hope his punishment will cure him, at least to some extent, of his peculiar propensity. I usually made friends with the boys and girls while on my trip, telling them I would give them a ride as far as they chose to go, providing they were willing to walk back; and the memory of their childish thanks is still fresh in my mind. As it is now vacation time, I did not won- der there were large numbers of boys scat- tered through the Ohio towns, with nothing particular to do. But it did give me pain to see able men, and especially young men, loafing and smoking in front of the country stores. Not only were they smoking cigars and pipes, but in almost every town, if I made any sort of stop, somebody would roll up a cigarette and light it, and almost make me sick with its fumes, even when we were in the open air. I wonder if the use of to- bacco promotes loafing. My trip was made during harvest time, and through a part of Ohio where there are great factories em- ploying thousands of men; and yet able-bod- ied men were loafing, and seemed to be try- ing to kill time at the country stores all through Ohio. The rural free delivery of the mail cuts off the excuse to go to the postoffice, and ought to discourage loafing. Some of the smokers of cigarettes were well dressed — apparently the sons of well-to-do parents; and with the cigarettes were almost always oaths. During warm days I found that it was necessary to give our engine fresh water about once in ten or fifteen miles. I knew our water-pump was badly worn. While at Xenia the pump failed entirely; but I was fortunate in finding a factory where they were building automobiles. The proprietor said he was familiar with the Olds machine, so we proceeded to pull it to pieces, and then found a part of the pump had literally worn out. A new piece had to be made. Now, I am a little nervous about setting strange men at work on my machine. I was afraid, in taking it all to pieces, they might do harm as well as good. I was agreeably sur- prised, however, to find them really bright and capable mechanics. The young man who was set at work to make the new part of the pump especially impressed me. He was exceedingly careful to have every thing exactly right. When mechanics attempt to rush work of this kind, and quarrel with their tools and machines, it always tries my patience. But this man was a model work- man in his line of business. The proprietor, however, although equally skillful, was in- clined to be impatient. After we had been at work an hour or two he began to swear. Said I, "My friend, may I ask your name again? " He replied, "My name is Baldner. " "Well, Mr. Baldner, if you will excuse 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 855 the liberty I take, I am sorry to find you are a swearing man. Don't you believe you could get along just as well, and may be better, if you kept back those bad words?" "Well, now, what is your name?" "I am A. I. Root, of Medina, Ohio. I pi'ofess to be a follower of the Lord Jesus Christ, and it always pains me to hear such words as you have just been using." He made some reply with a remark rather defending himself, and was a little incHned to resent my rebuke, so I di-opped the sub- ject. After a while, when the difficulty with the machine was gotten over, and he was pleasant and good-natured, I tackled him again. "Friend Baldner, if you were hiring a new man, wouldn't you give more for one who is patient with his work, and never swears? Suppose the skill of two men to be exactly equal, wouldn't the man be worth more money, in your opinion, who, no mat- ter how much he is vexed and tried, keeps a cool head and holds his temper without ever uttering a bad word? " He looked at me a minute and then began to laugh. "Why, Mr. Root, the man who never swears and never becomes impatient — that is, who never lets it come out — is worth the most money, of course. There is no ques- tion about it. But if you have worked much with automobiles, you know how things sometimes act, especially when you are in a hurry, as I am now." "What does your wife think about it? I believe you are a inarried man." "Oh! she is with you, and you are both right." When the work was completed I could not only go 25 miles without filling the water- tank, but even 30 or more. The auto in- struction-book says, "Give water about ev- ery 25 miles." Then I went on my way re- joicing. But on my way home the machine began to miss explosions. I went over all the connections, cleaned the carburetter, and did every thing I could think of. Some- times my efforts resulted in bettering the matter for a time; but it kept gradually getting wor3e until I spent a good deal of time under shady trees along the way for almost two days, trying to find the defect. I had prided myself on being able to hunt up the cause of any failure in a very little while. I had had no trouble I could not lo- cate very soon, for almost a year past. The machine would make four or five explosions all right, and then it would miss almost as many. Sometimes it would run up a hill al- most without a miss; then it would miss three or four; and just about as it was ready to stop and go backward it would commence again. It was pretty hard on the engine to endure those shocks; but as I did not suc- ceed in finding the trouble I thought I could get home, even if the auto was crippled some. Finally one afternoon about three o'clock, when I was just on the edge of a little town calleJ Raymond, Union Co., my auto all at once stopped going forward, al- though the engine kept right on. It would not move ahead with either high or low speed. I found out, however, it would go backward all right, so I created no little merriment among the villagers by going into their town backward. As I had not learned to steer in that way, my course was rather crooked. I ran up to a blacksmith shop and inquired if there was an automobile owned in that vicinity. No such thing was within miles. "Does anybody know of a mechanic who would be likely to be capable of pulling my machine to pieces?" Of course, I could pull it to pieces myself; but to take the engine apart would be rath- er heavy work, and it would be a pretty hard task on the nerves of an old man like myself. I wanted a bright young man for a helper. I meditated sending for Huber, but he was about a hundred miles away. Un- consciously my little prayer welled up in my heart, "Lord, help! Give me wisdom and understanding to decide what is best to do under the circumstances. " I am glad that I added, "Not only what is best for me to do, but what will be best for these my friends and neighbors who are all about me. Help me to be ready to carry any message that I can carry to these people who are all strangers. ' ' Of course, the above was a mental prayer. Almost as soon as it was finished, a one- armed man of the group who had gathered around the machine suggested, "Why coul:l not Ed Lowe help him out?" And then a small boy piped in, "Why, yes; Ed Lowe has built two or three auto- mobiles already. He will be all right." In a few minutes the oae-armed man vol- unteered to pilot me to Mr. Lowe. He ow/i- ed a shop for making gas-engines, in Colum- bus, 0., but had just finished his job on the gas-engine at the grist-mill, and was ready to take the next train. When I told him ot" my predica;nent he sa'd he thought he could help me out. as he had overhauled several cf the Olds machines. We both got on our overalls, and began pulling the machine to pieces. I happened to remark to him that I would have undertaken the job alone, but I feared I should be considerably worried. Then he surprised me by something hke the following : "Mr. Root, if you will take all your cares and burdens to the Lord Jesus Christ you need not be burdened or worried by any thing. ' ' This surprised me, because it is very un- usual for me to find a man who anticipates me in recommending the gospel of Jesus Christ. Let us now consider for a moment the many things included in that Httle prayer of mine for help — the many reasons I had for i?/;on/i-?/(.g God instead of feeling cross be- cause of my breakdown. I found a man who was, by chance, right in the town where I stopped. He was not only an expert me- chanic, but a professing Christian. But this is not all. Before we got the machine 856 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 1 apart, a big thunder-storm came up and we had to hustle to get into the shop near by. Had the accident occurred when I was in the country, far from any town, just before the approach of the storm, I might have been in a very bad predicament. As it was, we made the repairs while I was waiting for the storm to pass by. A gentleman at the hotel gave me a little sketch of my new-found friend. He was brought up on a farm close by the little vil- lage of Raymond. He always showed such a love for machinery that, as soon as he was old enough, he made machinery his bus- iness. He and his brothers first built two or three automobiles, but finally settled down on the building of gasoline-engines — the business they now follow in Columbus. He informed me that at the present time he is called for all over the country to do adjust- ing and putting in order gas-engines. If I am correctly informed, the trouble with the one he had just visited was about like this: It runs a gristmill, and had been giving great satisfaction for nearly three years, when it suddenly refused to go. Mr. Lowe looked it over, and found every thing in prop- er order. Then he began tracing up the soui'ce of gasoline, and this is what he found: A few weeks ago the iron pipe that carries the gasoline to the engine rusted through or broke off, or something of that sort. The owner mended the break with a piece of rubber tubing ; and as that seemed to answer every purpose he rather forgot about it, and let it remain. When Mr. Lowe saw the rubber tubing he took it out and made a connection with an ordinary iron pipe, throw- ing away the gasoline in the engine, or strain- ing it. As gasoline dissolves rubber it had, after a time, rendered the gasoline unfit. Lots of expensive breakdowns are the result of some such carelessness as that. Perhaps I might mention that gasoline-engines are rapidly taking the place of steam power, be- cause it may almost be said they require no engineer. Mr. Baldner, of Xenia, before mentioned, told me their gasoline-engine had run their own machine-shop for a year and eleven months with an outlay for repairs of only 25 cents. His explanation of this was, "Mr. Root, nobody ever touches that engine but me." Well, Mr. Baldner does not touch it very much, for he worked on my auto from morning till noon without ever taking a look at the engine; or if he did I did not see him do it. The trouble with my machine at Raymond was that five steel pins in the transmission gear had been sheared oft", or broken by the hard knocks I had given it. I thought we could get some steel for pins or rivets at the hardware stores that would answer; but Mr. Lov/e declared that nothing was safe for such a critical place but the very best Stubbs steel rod; so he telephoned for it at their shop in Columbus. After the rod came we found it was a trifle too large, and we pro- ceeded to grind it down on an emery wheel. I turned the crank while he did the grinding; but when my wind gave out, I looked about for some of the boys or loafers who had been hanging around; but, for a wonder, when I wanted them they were all missing. At this juncture a ruddy-faced red-headed farmer boy came into the shop perspiring freely. He wore on his head a broad-brimmed straw hat with many a rent. He happened to over- hear my inquiry for some cheap hand. Fi- nally he came up with a good-natured smile on his boyish face and said, "Brother, I will turn that crank for you. I think perhaps mij wind will hold out." I thought by his manner he had come in on an errand, and would have to get away again soon. But pretty soon Mr. Lowe ex- plained that that red-headed youth was his brother, and suggested that they could get me on the road quicker if this younger broth- er turned in and helped. Then I found out he was one of the firm of Lowe Brothers, and that his name was Charley. I suggest- ed to the boys that, after they got the pins put in and the machine set up, I was going to have some fun in seeing them cure the gas-engine of missing explosions. Charley is a little more talkative than his brother. He sailed his old straw hat away over in the corner, and went to work with a vim that was refreshing. I did not have any anxiety in regard to those two boys, the way they went to work on that machine. When I sug- gested they might fail as I had, Charley re- plied, "Oh! no, Mr. Root. If we fail it will be the first time in our lives. We will 'run down ' the mischief and mend up the defect in a very short time. ' ' Now, I want to stop right here and call your attention to the contrast between these two young farmer lads working on that hot day until the sweat fairly dropped from their ruddy faces, and the idlers that stood by. While thus at work a crowd of town fellows stood around doing nothing. Some of them were complaining, perhaps, that they had not a job; and I am not sure that anybody would have given them ten cents an hour; but the Lowe Brothers had all they could do at fifty cents an hour. They were called for by telephone before they finished my ma- chine. I think their regular price is fifty cents an hour and traveling expenses, and they are full of business at that. If these friends of mine in Raymond should see this I hope they will excuse me for speaking plainly; for plain talk is the only thing that will do them good. These men not only had nothing to do, even though the storm had cleared away, and it was a most beautiful morning to do work of any kind, but they were almost to a man smoking pipes, cigars, or cigarettes, and each cigar seemed to have a different flavor. I felt so vexed by the nauseating smoke that I was tempted to use the term "villainous" flavor. Each one of the crowd who used tobacco did not mind it; but I felt pretty sure that the elder Lowe, at least, was annoyed by the nauseating fumes. He pulled his head out of the ma- chine, and said: "Jim, won't you be so kind as to bring us a jug of water?" 1904 GLEANINGS IN REE CULTURE. 857 Jim looked a little astonished, especially when the owner of the establishment replied, "Why, I just broup:ht a jugful;" then friend Lowe looked at me in a kind of comical way and said, "Well, Jim, I don't care very much whether you get the water or do some- thing else, only so you get away off a little while. " At this I suggested our two friends would get at the ignition troubles with much more comfort if all those who were smoking would go for water or sor)iethrng else. By the way, boys, did you ever think that the one who is carrying his burdens to the Lord Jesus Christ not only never swears, but, as a rule, he never uses tobacco in any form? Now for the trouble that puzzled me for a good part of two days. One of the boys started the engine, and the other, the young- er one, began listening so intently to every portion of it that I really thought his red hair would become tangled up in the machin- ery. At first they thought the trouble was with the induction-coil. I told them I exam- ined that very thoroughly, and I did not think it possible. Then they tried other places. I confess I could not help being a little pleased to think tliey too were bothered for at least a little while. Finally the older one pushed a long screwdriver down into the center of the machine, and, presto! all at once the explosions commenced, sharp, clear, and perfect — no misses; it was just the reg- ular pop, pop, pop." I wish I could show the grimace on Charley's face as he raised his hand and looked at me with a serio-comic air. Some people pay out their dollars to go to the theater and see the prima donnas pose while the audience cheers and encores. Now, that is well enough, perhaps, if you choose; but give me the boy mechanic who has solved a problem, especially one in the line of elec- trical and chemical engineering, and you can have all the rest. Our text tells us the meek shall inherit the earth; and this nation of ours shall be saved and handed down to pos- terity by just such men as those two boys are going to make — the boys who were reared on the farm, and take to mechanical engineering because they love machinery — the boys who have the grit to study out and conquer this world's problems — the boys who were saved from tobacco, profanity, gam- bling, and all these other things by their trust in the Lord Jesus Christ. I am sorry it is * The whole trouble was because the steel spring: on the commutator, sometimes called the " brush," had be- come too weak, or perhaps worn, so it did not press with sufficient force on the cam as it comes around at every revolution of the shaft. This steel spring- was easily removed with a screwdriver, then friend Lowe took my light hammer and gave the spring- just one tap, screwed it back in its place, and the trouble that had puzzled me so many hours was over. I felt vexed at myself to think that, in all my researches, I had never thought of this spring. In fact, I remembered that Ernest had had one just such trouble before. Here is a great lesson for us. A single tap, with a very small hammer, when rightly directed, gave the machine life and abundance of power ; but it wanted brains to " run down " the mischief, as Charley expressed it, and see just where this tap of the hammer was needed. And this whole world is constantly wanting brains and intel- lect to direct not only the muscles of human beings, but the thousands of horse power that our engines and power-houses are furnishing. my duty, to be absolutely truthful, to add that Charley, the younger son, is not yet a follower of the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world. He commenced once to swear just a little when something went wrong; but when I expressed astonish- ment and pain, he promised not to do so any more. The machine was all ready to run. It was pushed out of the door, and I told the older one to run it around town so as be sure the adjustments were all right. He called Charley to bring him his hat, and then Char- ley clapped his own old straw hat on his brother's head just as the latter was pulling the starting-lever. This was done in boyish playfulness, for it would be quite a joke to see his brother sailing round town with all the inhabitants watching, for the machine was a new thing in that little town. At first the elder brother hardly noticed the hat; but when he did he stopped the machine ab- ruptly and bade Charley bring him his own hat. And, by the way, the hands of both boys were too much covered with black grease to permit of touching a decent hat or any sort of clothing. Charley, with comic grace, took his brother's good hat between his two wrists, so as not to touch it with his fingers, and gently placed it on his head. I paid each of the two boys fifty cents an hour for the time they spent in putting my machine in order; but I rejoiced at the priv- ilege of doing it. It is right and proper to enjoy acknowledging the worth of those who have raised themselves up by their own industry and hard work to the level of skilled artisans or experts— experts who are want- ed everywhere in this age of machinery. Before closing I wish to mention how keen- ly I enjoyed my ride through the corn region of Southwestern Ohio. The roads were so fine I often ran well into the night; and as the auto reeled off mile after mile, v/ith the cornfields on either side, lighted only by my lamps, so near the track, and with stalks so tall they almost seemed to meet overhead, it made me think of the Arabian Nights en- chantments. In riding after dark, even on level ground, I can hardly resist the feeling we are going down hill; for hoiv else could this new creation plunge ahead so unceas- ingly, without a horse to pull it? Temperance. OHIO CITIES OF 10,000 PEOPLE, AND NOT AN OPEN SALOON. I have elsewhere mentioned Xenia, Ohio, a town of about 10,000 inhabitants, that voted dry over two years ago. The wets, however, have been boasting that the dam- age to business was so great, etc., that Xenia would go wet the next chance, which occurred only a few weeks ago. Their great argument was, the "speakeasies" did just about as much business, while the city got no " revenue," etc., and many business men were humbugged by such arguments— loss of revenue. Just before election, however, 858 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 1 that grand temperance woman, Mrs. Lenora Lake, the one who has done such mighty work among her own people, the Roman Catholics, came to the city, and not only carried her own people but almost the whole town. A relative of mine told me the city would have gone wet without question had it not been for the vigorous efforts of this one temperance woman. He said he did not believe there was a temperance speaker in our land, among the men-folks, who could have carried the town as she did. The town went dry with a very fair majority. There is another fallacy which the recent temperance crusade in Xenia has refuted. Many business men are afraid to take an active and prominent part in getting the sa- loons out because the wets would not pat- ronize them. Now, the firm of Hutchinson & Gibney, dealers in drygoods, etc., have from first to last taken a very prominent part in ousting the saloons. They have just sent to the American Issue the follov.'ing letter: M?: P. A. Baker.— We are obliged to you for your wor- thy labors on the wet and dry question. Our success will help others. We are known as a temperance house, or " dry," and our sales last year were $10,000 more than any of the previous years of our history. Xenia, O., Aug. 2, 1904. Hutchinson & Gibney. Now just one other item. I told you I came into the town during fair time. The day after the fair, one of the Xenia papers stated in an editorial that, for the first time in years, there had not been a single arrest made on the fairground for drunkenness, pocket-picking, nor any disorderly conduct; and yet the attendance at the recent fair was one of the largest on record. Cam- bridge, Ohio, with a population just about equal to that of Xenia, has also gone dry for the second time. A prominent man among the wets remarked recently, with a discour- aged air, that if "things " kept on at the present rate there would not be a saloon left in Ohio at the end of twenty years. I feel like thanking him for his encouraging words — especially as they come from " across the line." But, dear Christian workers, can't we cut the time down to a half or a quarter of the twenty, God helping us? If you only knew how good, how durable, how satisfactory Paroid Roofing '^^MSM really is; if you cnly knew how easily it can be put on and how long it lasts; if you only knew Avliat a good all-round roof it is, you would save money by using it for every building on the place. ^\'eather proof, wear proof, contains no tar, slate color, any one can lay it. Let us prove to you what tlie genuine Paroid Eoofing will do. Send for Free Sample and book on "Building Economy." It will save you money. Don't take a ciieap imitation. Get the ge iiiine— the roof that las.s. A complete rooting kit in every roll. F. W. BIRD & SON, Elast Walpole, Mass. Monadnock Bldg., Chicago. \ Established IS 17. \H. ■.■^':<'~ "^^ ■v^ 19J4 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 859 CARNIOIvANS AND ITALIANS. Untested Queen 75c.: Six for $3.90: Twelve for $6.00. Tested $1.25. Best Breeder $2.50. Imported $4.00. Spec al prices quoted on large orders. Having queen- rearing apiaries in tlie North and South we can fur- nish any number of CO., L^aKe George, - Ne-w YorK. Carniolans. We are the largest breeders of this race of bees in America, having bred them for 18 years. We find them \.h.e gentlest bees known. V^ery hardy and pro- lific, good workers on red clover; great comb-builders, and their sealed combs are of a snowy whiteness. Italians. Gentle, prolific, swarm very little, hustlers to work, and a red-clover strain. If tHe BKST Qixeens are 'wKat yo\i waiit. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than loOU line queens in slock reaounds white comb honey, best of- fer gets it. Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder, Bellevue, O. For Sale. — Finest quality of extracted white honey, at 7J4c per lb. in cases of two 60-lb. cans. Sample free. Dan. S. Kitson, East Jordan, Mich. For Sale. — 100 four-frame nuclei of three and five banded Italian bees on Danzenbaker brood-frames, at $3.50 each. Three-banded Italian queens, 75c each. W. L. WoMBLE, Raleigh, N. C. For Sale.— On account of not having- room in my cellar to winter all the bees I have. I will, for the next 30 days, sell full colonies of pure Italians in nine-frame hives at $4.00 each. Hives are in good condition. In lots of five, will give one super with each colony. Safe arrival guaranteed. F. A. Gray, Redwood Falls, Minn. For Sale.— 100 winter cases. Having moved one of my yards to a deep-snow loeation, where bees do not winter well in chaff. I offer for sale 100 winter-cases, built for ten-frame hives. Of course, they can be used for an eight- frame hive, and give room for more pack- ing. They are built of -'3-inch white pine, boarded up and down. The front, rear, and sides are built separate, so they can be shipped K. D., and a small nail in each corner holds them in place when in use ; have a sheet- steel roof, which has always been kept painted. Order in even numbers, as the stands go with them, and are tuilt in pairs, and form the bottom of the case. They have been used only five seasons, and are nearly as good as new. 75 cents each takes them. E. D. TowNSEND, Remus, Mich. POULTRY HERALD, St. Paul, Minn. One of the best papers of its class. Practical, illus- trated, every issue interesting. Regular subscription price, 50 cents per year. If you are not now a subscriber, ScTxdL a. Quarter, stamps or silver, and get a year's trial subscription. Address POULTRY HE^RTVLD, St. Paul, Minn. Poultry in the West- Also Dogs and Pigeons, for Pleasure and Profit. Do you want to know about how they are bred on the great Pacific Coast ? The Pacific Coast Fanciers" Monthly, trim full of good reading, handsomely illustrated, up- to-date, will tell you. Try it for a year. TRIAL sub- scriptions, one year, 50 cts. Bee culture and poultry- raising go well together. FANCIERS' MONTHLY, San Jose, California. lOO Tested R-ed-Clover Queens for sale at Jl OJ each, doz., $10.00 ; untested, 7.5 cts each. Will also sell 50 colonies of Italian bees at S4.50 per colony ; in lots of five or more, S4.00. Fred Leininger, R. F. D. No 1. bt. Jennings, O. BabV Nucioi ^booklet by Swathmore:tells how to , ._ J '" mate many queens from unfinished sections— simple, laborless, cleap— boon to honey-men, 25c. " Increase" tells how to form colonies without breaking; full stocks -little labor, big rt'SuUs, 25c. Queens for sale. E. L. PRATT, Swarthmore, Pa., U. S. A, of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful section reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. 7or p&mphleta of Michigan farm lands and the fruit helt, address J. E. Uerritt, Manistee, Michigan. WABASH EXCURSIONS. PITTSBURGH TO e|2 nn St. Louis and return, Aug. 9, 2i, Sept. 8. (Pl^xvv Tickets limited seven days, and good in free reclining chair cars or coaches. •t I ^ on St Louis and return; limit, fifteen days. ^lO.UU On sale daily. (JJIO lA St. Louis and return; limit, sixty days. ^lO.IV On sale daily. •C?"? /»n St. Louis and return; limit, Dec. 15. On ^i.£..V\f sale daily. ^40 Ofi Denver, Pueblo, or Colorado Springs iPIU.UU ajj(j return. On sale daily; limit, fifteen days. ^4 2 in Denver, Pueblo, or Colorado Springs days. and return. On sale daily; limit, sixty ^Af\ ftft Denver, Pueblo, or Colorado Springs «D^U.Ol/ and return. On sale daily; limit, Oct. ' 31 St. $/^A CA San Francisco, or Los Angeles and re- ^UU.UU turn. Tickets on sale Aug. 15 to Sept. ',). Final return limit, Oct. 23. (P^2 on ~^'* Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, •P*^*"" and all Pacific Coast points. One-way colonist tickets on sale daily from Sept. 15 to Oct. 15. Pullman Sleepers and Free Reclining Chair Cars on Wabash Trains. Detailed information regarding rates and routes to all points West, together with folder contain- ing map of St. Louis and the World s Fair Grounds, cheerfully furnished on application to F. H. TRISTRAM, Ass't G. P. A., 320 Fifth Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. ♦ ♦♦»»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦<»♦»»<»♦»♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ I LOW Bates to tlio Soutl are made on the first and third Tuesday of each month by the at which times round-trip tickets to points in the South and Southeast are sold at ONE FARE PLUS $2.00. A splendid opportunity is thus afforded the residents of the North and West to gain knowledge persotially of the great re- .sources and possibilities of a section which is developing very rapidly, and showing results which are most satisfactory Low-priced lands, superior business opportuni- ties, unexcelled locations for factories can be obtained, or are offered, in all the States reach- ed by the Southern System. Illustrated publi- cations and full information upon request. . . M. V. RICHARDS. LAND AND INDUSTRTAL AGENT. Washington, D. C. CHAS. S. CHASE, M. A. HAYS, ARENT, TRAV. ACT., Land and Indust'l Dept., Land and Indust'l Uept., Chemical BIdg., "225 Dearborn St., St. Louis, Missouri. Chicago, Illinois. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^ ►♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ WnM-f^rlT Lovers of Good Books cl nXeQ ■ to write for list of 200 titles to select Irom. Beautiful cloth-bound $1 boots mailed 3 for $1. These story books are hv the best authors, 200 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO., Ref. Publishers of Gleanings.i Box 1014, Denver.Col. 862 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 1 IIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII lllllllllimilllllllllllMIIIIIIIIII'IIIIILb I GOODvS I IN^^SEASON. I E Cases for markpting comb honey. E = All kinds of packages for marketing = E extracted honey. • . • 5 = Glass jars for cannirg fruit . E = Bee-escapes for taking off honey. = ^ Every thing the very best. = E Standard-bred Italian E E Queens. Full line E E of tHe best Bee = E BooKs. . . E :: We yet have a full line of hives, sections, = ^ comb foundat'on, and every ihing neces- ^ E sary for the bee-keeper. Big discount ^ E on all gaods for next season's use, if E ^ ordered at once. Order now and save ^ E money, and be in time for next year. E 2 Catalog Free. E I CM. Scott ca Co., I E 1004 K. "WasKing'ton St., = E Indianapolis, Ind. | 7iiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii*(«>iF i NOW IS A GOOD TIME TO REQUEEN. DEPLACE all old wornout queens with young, vigorous, and healthy ones. We can supply such queens for SOceach, by re- turn mail. Our strain of three-banded Italians are the bees for honey; try them. Send frr price list, and see what others say. Untested queens 50c each. Tested $1 00. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LOUISIANA. HONEY QUEENS LAWS' ITALIAN .\ND HOLY LAND QUEENS. . Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth, and witn these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are you interested? Laws' Leather and Golden Italians, Laws' Holy Lands. These three, no more. The following prices are as low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen, $8 00; tested, |1; per dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either race. $3 epch. W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas. Tijr p COT can always be had at 75c lllL DCOl each for untested; ' "' nilrrNiS ! '"^ UCOI each for untested; $4 25 yukkliw I for six: 88 00 per dozen. Ttsted. «1.50 each. Best breeders So each. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. The JENNIE ATCHLEY CO., Box 1 8, Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. perfect Goods! J ow Prices ! ^^ ^ A Ctistomer Once, A Customer Al^vay^s. Vf We manufacture BEE-SUPPLIES of all kinds. Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 3^ears we have published U/ye Ameri- can Bee-Keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. ADDRESS U/}e W. T« Falconer Mfg. Company, W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. Jamestown, N. Y. 1304 GLEANINGS IN BEE Cl'LTURE. 863 MarsHfield Manufacturirig Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in. the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. C/>e MarsHAelcl Mantifacturing Company-, Marstiilsld, "Wis, Kretchmer Manfc. Co. Box60, RED OAK, IOWA. EE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, and prompt shipment. We want every beekeeper to have our FREE ILLUSTRAT- ED CATALOG, and read description cf Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. ^ WRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. I Trester Supply Company, Lincoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs, Iowa. I. H. Mjeri^, Lamar, Col. M- J Keeps in stock a complete line of 1-lb. sq. Jars, with corks, §5.00 gross. No. 25 sq. Jars, S5. 75 gross. 12-oz. Jars (best seller) $5 gross. Liberal Discount on more than one gross. Apiaries"Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom-- 1 05 Park Place, N. Y. s The Pump That Pumps SPRAY j-'UMPS Dotiftle-actlne.Lift, Tank and Sprsy «■ nl!^^Bv.iv« ■■ o'aU kinds. Write I Glass ^W Valve W^ for Circulars and ^Stk, V iH™ Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel rollerbcHrings, easv to push and to pull, cannot be thrown on the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buv in quantitv- F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland, > Ohio. SHIPPING GASES AND GRATES. 2-i Ih. no drip cases, 2-inch glass, SI.'.OO per 100; 12-lb., fS.fO. Crates to hold 8 24-lb. cases, 30c. No. 1 sections, 54.00; No. 2. 83.50. Foundation, smokers, bee-hi\-es, wholesale and retail. Send for list. Soper, Route 3, Jackson, MiCh. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cut- ting, mitering, grooving, boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for working wood in any man- ner. Send for catalog A. The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co., 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs.. N. Y , \h\' Foot V/J<--^*. Power j^ J^li-^< DID YOU LOSE HALF OF YOUR BEES ? Then save money by ordering your stationery atid hone^'-labels of us. Samples and prices free. It is in the doing we excel, and not in talking about it. Young Brothers, - Cirard, Penna. 864 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 1 ^L ^L "s^L ^St ^L ^SL i>^L ^^t ^V ^\L ^^L ^SL ^t ^\L ^St ;'^ ^Sl ^ i^ fv f,c »ic f.i^ ».c t\ t\ ^y i< t\ ti^ »iC^ f,c fc v^ fK ^s-^ ^r "If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder."— -7r Established )889. ee= keepers UDolies. Distributor of Root's g-oods from the best shipping-point in the Country. My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Company, and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact. ^v EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. Headquarters for the Danzen baker Hive. During- this month (September) I will offer a Special Discount of 7 per cent ff^r 0?jsii oi't/ers, for goods wanted for next season's use. During October the discount will be 6 per cent. These discounts apply to orders for hives, sections, foundation, etc., but not for honey-packages or shipping-cases, or goods for immediate use. One of those nice flexible bee-hats included free witli every shipment, if you will mention it in ordering, telling irhcrc you saiv the offer. HONEY I have on hand a large stoclv of extracted honey in 60-lb. cans, white-clover or water-vi-hite alfalfa. A single can of either at 8^2C per pound. Two cans in a box at 8c per pound. Bee- keepers having a demand which exceeds theirsupply can here avail themselves of an opportunity. t Have you noticed what the leading Bee=keepers of Indiana have been saying about my line of goods ? Here is another sample letter Alexandria, Ind. Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. Dear Sir:— I have been dealing constantly with you for 15 years, and in all that time have not had a single cause for complaint. Your goods come promptly every time. In 1897 and 1903, both good honry years, and in the rush, when a single day's delay meant a loss in dollars to me, yet order after order was filled promptly and correctly. To me the name Pouder is a synonym 1 or promptness in business. I can recommend you to those who need supplies in time for the harvest. * Truly yours, EvAN E. Edwards. Beeswax Wanted. I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make S'rall shipments by express: large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your name to the package. Mv large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send i to'vou WALTER 5. POUDER, 513= 515 Massachuselts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. A- ^ -^^ 1 T "^K ^IL^ ^IL^ ^L. ^^t^ ^t^ ^t^ ^'t^ ^'i^ ^'* ^^* ^* J « ^* J* J* ^'* >'* 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 865 Convention Notice. UNITED STATES HONEY EXHIBIT. Brother Bee-keeper.— The National Bee-keepers' con- vention will be held Sept. 27-30. in St. Louis, in the Christian Endeavor Hotel. By special arrangement all bee-keepers are to board in the same house. At my expense, at the convention I expect to have a honey display by means of a largre map of each State and a shelf to hold l-ll>. square clear glass jars. Each State shelf will show every kind of honey the State produces. At one glance you can see in geographical order all kinds of honey. Each jar will be labeled, tell- ing from what gathered, and by whose bees— a good way to advertise b.oney. I ask your assistance at once. On a postal card, name the kinds of honey samples you can send me at once. I hope my shipping-bottles will reach me before your reply, so I can be ready to .send, by return mail, shipping' instructions. One hun- dred bee-keepers are helping me : $2.60 express on first package received from California. Please answer by return mail, stating the kinds of honey you can furnish me. Platteville, Wis. N. E. France. Mr. Root:— Would you please call the attention of the members of the National to the Central Entertainment Bureau and its services? I stopped there myself, and found it a most excellent and respectable place, and every word true as they give it. The address is 4048 Cook Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Take 18th St. car going north from Union Station ; transfer to Washington Ave. lines going west ; get off at Sarah Street, and walk one block north to Cook Ave. J. P. RoHLlNGER, Linn Creek, Mo. Aug. 22, 1904. The South Texas Bee-keepers' Association will meet at the Court House, Beeville, Texas, Wednesday and Thursday, Oct. 19 and 20, 1904. All bee-keepers and others interested are invited to attend. No hotel bills to pay. E. J. Atchley, President, L. W. Bell, Secretary, Beeville, Tex. The Fulton and Montgomery Co.'s Bee-keeper's Soci- ty will hold their next meeting at the Central Hotel, Market St., Amsterdam, N. Y., on Tuesday, Sept. 20, at 10 A.M. All interested in bees are cordially invited to attend this meeting. T. I. Dugdale, Sec. West Galway, N. Y.. Aug. 26. The Missouri State Bee-keepers' Association will meet iu convention in St. L,ouis, Sept. 20, 1904, in the .■-ame hall to be used by the N. B. K. A. Further par- liculais to be announced later. Arrangements are be ng made by C. P. Dadant for our accommodations lu coiiuection with the National W. T. Gary, Sec'y M. S. B. K. A. From the best information obtainable at this writing the Vermont crop looks to be of extra fine quality, but in quantity it will be considerably shoi-t even of last year. This was occasioned by the great loss of bees during the past severe winter. Judging from the number of letters we have had from other sections it looks as though there would be a crop quite up to the normal, and sufficient for all demands. We know there has been quite a little honey carried over at this market from last season, mostly by people who buy for speculative purposes, and were not quite posted. This, of course, came on the market early, and, at first, had a tendency to affect the ruling prices. Blake, Scott & Lee. Boston, Mass., Aug. 9. [This should have been given in our last issue but was crowded out at the last minute. — Ed.] Make Your Own Fertilizer at Small Cost with Wilson's Phosphate Mills '*^ From 1 to 40 H. P. Also Bone Cut. ters, liand and power, for tlie poiil- trymen; Farm FeeI1II«, «ra. liuin flour llanil IVIIIU, iirlt and Shell .Mills. Send for cataloKue. WILSO-iiJ ltK4»S.. Sole .1irr»., Kaatuii, Pa. Idsmobile Built to run — and it does. In selecting an autoimolsile You want the gfreatest road efficiency This is measured by the actual horse-power transmitted to the wheels, divided by the weight of the ma- chine. The Oldsmobile Runabout has the greatest road efficiency of any runab .ut made, 5x6 cylinder, 7 actual horse-power, weighs 1100 pounds — making the horse-power per 10-lb. weight, .636. You want a reliabte road machine. The Olds- mobile has proven itself superior to all others in this respect. It is the only Runabout that has been driven across the American continent. Also took every prize in the famous English Reliablity Run in September, 1903. You want simplicity in mechanism. The Olds- mobile has fewest parts — it is the result of 20 years' experience in gas-engine building. The chances of its getting out of order are reduced to minimum. There's "nothing to watch but the road ahead." You want your money's worth. The Olds- mobile costs $640— and it's worth it. Send for ourcatalog telling about increased pow- er, speed, etc. Shows our new pattern Touring Runabout. $750; Light Tonneau, $950; Oldsmobile Delivery Wagon, $8-50. Free demonMration by our nearest agent. Olds Motor WorKs, - - - Mich. am looking for your orders for queens. I please others, why not you ? My trade has increased five-fold in the past four years. . . . 64-PAQE CATALOG. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama. I 866 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 1 LYON, W 0 S C O N S I N . ^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ Send for Our FR.EE. New Illustrated Catalog and Price L-ist. vJ* v^ ittmer's Foundation !ETAIL AND WHOLESALE Has an established reputation, because made bj' a process that produces the Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and TougheL;t, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Pull Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Cataloe nnd prices -with samples free on application. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Eittmer's Foundation. CU3. DITTIViER, - - - AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. ^i 3.^:^ ^S 5 -5 -5 3^3 :^«.:-S 9:-3-3 ^^3 «^« ^S-i! 333333 -^^9 ^^^ -S** -5*« «^3 333333 ^^3 ^ If You Want a Smoker I i That goes without Puffing — Clean, Durable, and Handy — oldest, newest, and embracing all the improvements and in- ventions made in smokers, send card for circular to T. F. BINGHAM, FARIVELL, MICH. ^i*' ^^^* Volume XXXII. SEPTEMBER 15. 1904. The A.I. e MEDINA WM Root Cq OHIO 3 Eastern Edition. ENTERED AT THE POSTOFFICE, AT MEDINA, OHIO, AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. GLAS5 for E-xtracted Honey! We have a car load of glass jelly tumblers coming' about Sept. 1st. Get our prices ; we can save you money. Write at once giving sizes wanted so that they may come in the car. LEWIS G. & A. G. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Mich. Seven Per Cent Discount. In order to reduce my large overstock, and make room for other goods now he d at the Fac- tory, I will allow a 7 per cent discount on orders of $10.00 or more if the order is received be- fore the first day of October. This will include any thing in the catalog. Yes, They are Root's Goods, and you can order either from their cata- log- or mine. But if you haven't my 86- page catalog- send for it at once, as it con- tains mv specialties, that Root's does not. Don't wait until the last day, BUT URDbR NOW, Yes, I will take all" the Beeswax you have in exchange for goods. Qeorge E. Hilton, Fremont, Michigan. m-^ifgwyaggi^i r DISCOUNTS For tHe New Season for CasH Orders. During September, 7 per cent. October, 6 November, ^ K, And you get Root's Goods. Tell us what you want, and we will tell you what it will cost. Our Catalog foF the asking. . H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 871 C. H. W. Weber, HeadQuarters for ee-Supplie R.oot's Goods at Root's Factory Prices. C. H. W. Weber, Ofiice (St Salesroom, 2146-2148 Central Ave. "WareHotise, Freeman and Central Avenue. CINCINNATI. OHIO. <:$» f$» fi> f^ f^ <^ f$» ■^ Let me sell you the Best Ooods Made; you will be pleased on receipt - ^ of them, and save money by ordering from me. Will allow you a discount on ^ f$> early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is f$y f^f^ one of the best shipping-poiats to reach all parts of the Union, particularly ^/y Jk. in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction JL T guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed T •^ promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :: :: :: — s B Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and =. ^ a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and T Hli* without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey ^■^ 4^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and t^ uuj bee-veils. (^ fc^ Queens Now Ready to Supply by i?3turnjEVIail; Golden itai- t|a jmj ians, , 'Red-clover, and C iDiolans. 'Will be ready to furnish nuclei, beginning (^ —■ wilh[ June, of all the virietie.s mentioned ab^vi. Prices far Untested, during June, /—^ i one.' 75; six, $4.00: twelve, i.7.50. 1 '^^ I will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and *^ y^ shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- 4^ mj rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. ^^ <^ (^ (^ I have In Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants: Sweet- <|j /S\ scented clover, white and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- ^jr. i. celia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. i. i^ (^ i^ (^ <^ 872 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 Money Market. GKADIN'G-RULES. Fancy.— A' 1 i=pctiotis to be well filled, combs (straight, firm- ty attached to all four sides, the combs uusoiled by travel- stain or otherwise ; allthft cells sealed exceot an occasional jell, the outside surface of the wood well scraped of propolis. A No. 1.— All SIC, om well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; cjuahs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well tilled except the row of cells next ?o the wooii ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of 3omb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiied. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled *nd sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be class! fi^ad according lo color, using the terms white, amber, an. I d.irli ; that is there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark,'; etc. New York.— Comb honey. — Arrivals of new crop are veiy light as yet, none to speak of, nor does there seem to be much demand as yet, and prices are unsettled. We think, however, that when arrivals begin to be more plentiful, within the next ten days or two weeks, there will be a demand for fancy white at 15, No. 1 at 14, No. 2 at 12(11 1.3. Extracted honey is selling fairly well at 6f"6VL> for white, and .5Vj for light amber and amber, and dark at 5. Southern, average quality in barrels, at .52(''58 per gallon. Beeswax dull and declining, choice grades selling at 28fr'29. HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN. Sept. 8. 265-7 Greenwich St., New York. St. Louis.— This honey market is still in a very un- settled condition, and prices are ruling low on account of the very limited demand, and is quotable as follows : Fancy comb, 14 ; A No. 1, llf" 12 ; No. 1, lOfc 11 ; No. 2, SOi 9 ; No. 3, JOi 8. Prices on all grades from No. 1 down are nominal. Extracted in five-gallon cans is ruling at 5f"o'j, and in barrels and half -barrels at 4'<'4'i' for new Southern. There are no arrivals of new white-clover or alfalfa honey as yet. Beeswax is quotable at 28. R. Hartmann & Co., Sept. 8. 14 So. Second St., St. Louis, Mo. Cincinnati.— The tone of the comb honey of this year's stock is becoming stiffer, producers claiming it to be not so plentiful, and therefore ask higher prices. I quote fancy white comb honey 13',i'f" 15. Extracted is showing no change. Amber in barrels, 5Vi(e>. Plants and Hulbn. Catalogue No. 1 free to urchasers of Fruit and Ornamentnl Trees. lo. 3 free to buyers of Hollano Bulbs and Greenhouse Plants. Try us; satisfaction _ guaranteed. Correspondence solicited. 51st year. 44 greenhouses. IWX) acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO. PAINESV3LLE. OHIO. Hunter-Trader-Trapper Illustrated 64 to 80 pag-e month- ly journal about game, steel traps, deadfalls, trapping- se- crets, and raw fur. Published by experienced hunter, trapper, and trader. Subscription $1.00 a year; sample copy 10 cents. A. R. HARDING. Editor. Bo.\ 9. Gallipolis, Ohio. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cut- ting, mitering, grooving, boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for working wood in any man- ner. Send for catalog A. The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co., 44 Water St ., Seneca Fs., N. Y. Foot and Haad Power Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1S73.] D:voted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Uep't. J. T. CALVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. Iv. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms: $1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50; three years, $2.00 ,• five years, $5.00, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontinuances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall a.ssume that he wishes his journal continuf d, ani will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time oaid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISllSTG RATBS, Column width, 2^ inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at ciioice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates [Net). 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 250 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 lOOOlinesfa 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates {Net). 1 page $40 00 1 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 da3's, 2 per cent. Circulation Averaige for 190S. 28; 666. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer, Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111., Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, Los Angeles, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. HuTCHiNSO-V, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toeppervvein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. Wm. McEvoy, Woodstock, Out. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE ' Follow the Flag." 875 WabasH E^xcursions From Pittsburg $12.00 $15.00 $42.00 To St. Louis and return— every Tuesday and Thursday in Sep- tember. Tickets limited, seven (7) days, and good in free re- clining-chair cars or first-class coaches on regular trains. To St. Louis and return— every day. Tickets limited, fifteen (15) days, and good in free re- clining-chair cars or Pullman sleepers on regular trains. ^40 no 'T^ Denver, Colorado Springs, or «ptv.VU Pueblo and return. Ticketslim- ited to 15 days, on sale daily. To San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle, and other Pa- cific-coast points. One-way colo- nist tickets on sale September 15 to October 15. The Wabash is the only line landing passengers and baggage at the big World's Fair station directly oppo- site the main entrance to the Exposition, or in Union station, as preferred. Wabash train 3, leaving Pitts- burg daily at 7:30 A. M., city time, carries coaches and parlor car, Pittsburg to Toledo, and free reclining-chair cars and Pullman sleepers, Toledo to St. Louis. Train at 2:00 p. m., city time, carries McClellan coaches and Pullman sleepers, Pittsburg to St. Louis. Train 19, leaving Pittsburg at 8:30 P. M., daily, carries free reclin- ing-chair cars and Pullman sleepers, Pittsburg to .St. Louis, and Pullman sleepers, Pittsburg to Chicago. Further information concerning rates to all points West, together with splendid World's Fair folder con- taining map of St. Louis and the World's Fair grounds, cheerfully furnished on application to F. H. TRISTRAM, ASSISTANT GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT, PITTSBURG, PENNA. PAGE POULTRY FENCES are made in three styles, 48, 58, and 72 inches high. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Box S, Adrian, Mich. Tlie CHeapest Farm Lands in the United States to-day— soil, cli- mate, markets, transportation facilities, and all considered, are So^itKern I^ands They are the best and most desirable in the country for the truck and fruit grower, the stock-raiser, the dairyman, and the general farmer. Let us tell you more about them. The Southern Field and other publications upon request. M. V. RICHARDS, Land and Industrial Agent, Southern Railway and Mobile & Ohio Railroad, WASHINGTON, D. C. Chas. S. Chase. Agent, M. A. Hays, Agent, 722 Chemical Bldg, 225 Dearborn St., St. Louis, Mo. , Chicago, 111. Ml SJ. Roofs Writings of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful sections reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets cf Michigan farm lands and the fruit fceit. address J. E. Merritt, Manistee, Michigan. SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps SPRAY r'UAtPS Double-actlng.Llft, Tank and Spray iS-PUMPS ^^ -^^ llH*"'*' ^ ^^ .--.11. of all kinds. Write for Circulars and Prices* Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel roller bearings, easy to push and tojpull, cannot be thrown off the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buy in quantity. F.E, MYERS &BRO. Ashland, • Ohio. WnM^A^IT Lovers of Good Books OL nXCU ■ to write for list of 200 tnlei, to select Irom. Btautiful cloth-bound $1 boolis mailed 3 for $1 These story books are by the best authors, 200 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO.. Ref. Put Ushers of Gleanings.) Box 1014, Denver, Col. 876 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 ri? ,,,,,, ,,,.,,,^ ^^ A Oueen ^^^ "^^^^ * i American Bee Journal I f FOR ONLY 1 DOLLAR. i" fp Ji f^ f|? f^ (|? ^ ^ ,^ "^T|7E believe that every reader of '$' ^ ▼ V Gleanings should also have the '$' S Weekly American Bee Journal, f,^ *^ and in order that those who do not now '$' ^ get it may give it a good trial, we will "^^ ^ send it for the last six months of 1904 ^t* *** (26 copies) — July i to Jan. i — and also ^ ^ one of our *$* 1^ Standard = bred X ^ | «$» This offer is to NEW subscribers for the f^ f$) American Bee Journal. ^t^ *i> Prices of standard queens alone 'P ^ One for 75c; three for $2.10; six for $4.00. ^Z f|> f^ ^ If you wish to see a free copy of the old ~ ^ American Bee Journal before accepting ^ the above special offer, just address f$? 4? f^ - ■ ========== ^ I Geo. W. York (Q, Co. } S 334 Dearborn St., - CHicaRO, Ills, 'i^ «t»^^^' 't' 1004 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. S77 of extracted honey at V2 cents a pound is one of the wonderful things done hy H. C. Ahlers and his boy, of West Bend. Wis. It was accomplished last year in only eight trips to the city of Milwaukee, in a four-page article that, to me. is as interesting as a romance, he tells, in the September Bee-keepers' Review, how grood business management enabled him to accomplish this feat. He tells how the honey is put up: what packages are used : how the trade was started; how it has been worked t:p and kept srrowinfT until it has assumed its present proportions. He tells how advei-tising has helped him. FREE ! LEARN more about the great poultry ind ustry. They make money while you sleep, and will live on what you throw away. Our paper tells how to make money on poultry, eggs, and incubators. Ask for sample copy now— it is free. Inland Poultry Journal, 40 Cord Building, Indianapolis, Ind. The American Fancier. The only weekly paper devoted exclusively to thorough- bred and practical poultry culture. Bright, newsy, and independent. A true fancier's paper. :• :■ :• :• J. H. DREVENSTEDT. EDITOR. Send for a sample copy. Address :• :- :• :• :• :• The American Fancier, Johnstown, N.Y. This Lightning LICE- KILLING MACHIWE ^^'^^'~^^~^~^~ kills all lice and mites. No injury to birds or feathers. Handles any fowl, smallest chick to largest gobbler. Made in three sizes. Pays for itself first sea- son. Also Lightning Lice-killing Pow- der. Poultry Bits. Lice Murder, etc. Wi' secure special low e)(t>ress rates. Clatalo^ mailed free. v\rite for it. CHARLES SCHILD CO.. 401 Prospect St.. Cleveland, 0 SIMPLEX HONEY-TAR. We have fotind a new glass jar for one pound of honey, which we think surpasses any other style we ever offered. It has a glass top which screws on to the glass jar with a rubber gasket betvveen. The joint is on a taperso that, the further you screw the cover on, the tighter it makes the joint. It can he sealed absolutely air-tight; has no metal to rust or corrode. It is about Yi inch higher than the No. 25, which improves its appear- ance. We sell them at the same price as the No. 25, and have a carload in stock ready to fill orders. We first learned of this jar nearly a year ago, but have said nothing about it until we had the stock in hand ready to supply. We still have some No. 25 in stock for those who may prefer to con- tinue with it We believe, however, the Simplex jar will take the place of the No. 25. the: a.. I. R.OOT Co.. Medina, O. Pounds He goes much into detail, even as to how he drefsts, and what he says and does when the kitchen door is opened in response to his knock. He has set '.lis stakes 'o sell 20,000 pounds this year, at the same price, and I think he w. 11 succeed. If you have any dispo.sition to sell your extracted honey at this price, send ten cents lor this issue of the Review, and see how Mr. Ahlers did it. The ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in later, duririg the year. VV. Z. HUTCHINSON, Fl nt, Mich. cm looking for your orders for queens. ] please others, why not you ? My trade has increased five-fold in the past four years. . . . 64-PAaE CATALOG. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama. Rnhv Nuclfii a bcoklet by Swathmore : tells how to Dauy ivubici, mate many queens from unfinished sections— simple, laborless, cleap— boon to honey-men, 25c. " Increase" tells how to fom, colonies without breaking lull stocks little labor, big r suits. 25c. Queens for sale E. L. PRATT, Swarthmore. Pa.. U S. A. "SHIPPING ¥SES AND CRATEST 24-lb. no-drip cases, 2-inch glass, 313.00 per 100; 12-lb.' 18.00. Crates to bold f- 24-lb. cases, SOc. No. 1 sections, $4.00; No. 2, $3.10. Foundation, smokers, bee-hives, wholesale and retail. Send for list. W. D. Soper, Route 3, Jackson, Mich DID YOU LOSE HALF OF YOUR BEES! Then save money by ordering- your stationery and honey-labels of us. Samples and prices fiee. It is in the doing we excel, and not in talking- about it. Young Brothers, Cirard, Penna. 878 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 '*We have you on our list, And you never shall be missed* tt If we haven't, send us your name now so as to be sure to receive our new 1905 catalog, when issued, even if you don't want any goods. It will pay you to have it. It Will Be a Dandy. The following cash discounts will be allowed on orders for supplies for next season. This does not include honey-packages for current use. 7 PER CENT, IF SENT IN BEFORE OCT. 1. 6 " " " " " " NOV. L 5 " " " " " " DEC. 1. 4 << " << " << " JAN. 1. 3 " " " " " " FEB. 1. 2 " " " " " " MAR. 1. 1 " " " " " " APR. 1. Our 1905 CATALOG PRICES will be the same as 1904. CO. BEWARE Wat![lowii WHERE YOU BUY YOUR BEEWARE I WATER TO WN, WISi MAKES THE FINEST D. s. a. ^ •DELVoTE.D^ •To'BE.E.S' •ANdHoNLY-'A •AND home:- '' •INTELF^EST^. ^^.biishedy theT^ 11^001' Co Si°°pe>iyIar ^ Medina- Ohio- Vol XXXil SEPT. 15, 1904 No. 18 I'm thankful to say that the lame back mentioned last time is now in good repair. What a nice thing it is to be able to get up and down like other people, and to turn over in bed without making faces! [We are very glad, doctor, that you are now better, and that it was nothing worse than a lame back. -Ed.] Crowed too soon! Two weeks ago I said a queen less than a day old would be accept- ed anywhere. Since then I've lost three, dropping each into a nucleus at time of re- moving laying queen. Other cases of the same kind have worked all right; also two full colonies with laying workers. [In a regular queen-rearing yard one will see several cases of this kind, although it is a rule that young virgins are usually accepted without trouble. -Ed.] Further experience with baby nuclei makes me less satisfied with no brood and just a few bees. Sometimes it's all right, but too many times the queens are a long, long time without laying, or turn up miss- ing. My apologies to ye editor. [As I have before stated, we have succeeded very well with these baby nuclei without brood; but experience has taught me, at least, that bees do better with brood in any hive than without. If an expert like Mr. Pratt can operate these miniature hives without brood it does not follow that the beginner could do likewise. The reason I advocated the use of brood was because I believed that the reader needed every favoring condition. -Ed.] A DISCOURAGED young friend who has foul brood wants me to say here whether it's best to give it up or make a fight. It all depends. If you love the business — as you say you do — make the fight by all means. If foul brood should attack my bees — it's within 12 miles of me — I'd take a certain grim pleasure in seeing how well I could keep the fell disease at bay; and I don't be- heve it need interfere such a great deal with getting regular crops of honey. Indeed, the treatment of foul brood is much the same as making shaken swarms, and shaking each colony is much the same as treating each colony. A genuine bee-keeper give up for foul brood? Never! [Hear! hea>-!— Ed.] Stenog says, page 836, ' ' Who has ever made a quotation on propolis by the pound? " Who has ever made an ofl'er? If a fair price is offered I think I can furnish a few pounds when sections are scraped. [A gen- tleman connected with the manufacture of some kind of shoe-polish called me out of the convention of the National Bee-keepers' Association that was in session in Chicago some two or three years ago, and asked me if I could get for him some propolis by the pound. He said he would be willing to pay a good price. I put an announcement in Gleanings, and I think we secured for the party enough to test some of his formulae on which he was working. I have never heard any thing more, and so I suppose that propolis is either too expensive or was not adapted to the purpose. If any one is in position to give us information we shall be glad to hear from him. —Ed.] Two men, both of them careful observers, give us different times for the development of a queen. Doolittle says 16 days, p. 838; T. W. Cowan says 15, British Bee-keepers' Guide Book, p. 10. Is it a difference in lo- cality? Mr. Cowan would no doubt have good ground for his view, seeing it has stood for years in a text-book of wide circulation; and seeing that, previously, 16 days was the shortest time given. He would hardly want to butt his head against all previous author- ity without having it padded with well-as- certained facts. In this connection it is in- teresting to recall that, only about forty years ago, the accepted time was between 17 and 18 days. See American Bee Journal, Vol. I., page 199. [DooHttle's article, if you read it carefully, harmonizes, I think, very nicely the statements made by different GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 authorities; for you will remember he says that the time of incubation, if I may use the term, depends on conditions, for he found there were some variations, and that those variations were due to certain condi- tions.—Ed.] Mr. Wm. .M Whitney makes a good fight against priority rights, page 847. Far enough back it would probably have been objected that no one had exclusive right to land; yet it has come about that a good bit of land is now exclusive property, and prior occupation has figured no little in deciding possession. If the greatest good to the greatest number is to be considered, should there not be some way by which a bee-keep- er could feel as secure as a stock-raiser in occupying a certain territory, so that the public could be sure that the nectar should not go to waste? What inducement is there for you, friend Whitney, to invest money in a plant if you know that next year there is a likelihood that a similar plant will be lo- cated on each of the four sides about you. so that little nectar will be left for you? I wonder now if you and I couldn't make some such compromise as this: Let government take possession of all the bee territory, just as it did of the land, and by some equitable means dispose of it so that bee-keeping may be a stable business without making any ap- peal to priority rights. Or have you some- thing better to propose? A California correspondent ordered a queen, and says, "The queen arrived Sun- day evening. I called Monday evening, and the ants had eaten queen and bees Sunday night. Now, is the postmaster responsible for the loss of the queen? " That's a ques- tion in law rather than bee-keeping: If the postmaster were in the habit of receiving mail matter liable to attack from ants, which he took care to protect from them, and neglected that care in this case, he ought to be willing to stand the loss. If he knew nothing of the danger, he was not to blame. The editor knows more law than this scribbler. What does he say? [Uncle Sam. in consideration of the low rate at which he transmits ordinary mail matter, does not guarantee safe arrival, nor indem- nity against injury, unless the package is registered, and even then the indemnity is limited to $25. In the case under considera- tion, no recovery could be secured, in my opinion, even if the queen had been register- ed. The average queen-breeder guarantees safe arrival so that the loss in this case would fall on the breeder and no one else. Neither Uncle Sam nor his oflicials are sup- posed to know any thing about queen-bees. That they are admitted into the mails at all, breeder and consignee taking their own chances, is as much as we can expect. —Ed.] When a colony is made queenless, "the bees at the start take larvte of the right age, but later on keep on budding cells for larvse that are too old," says the editor, p. 835. Exactly what they do here, and exact- ly what I've said. What I've been trying to squelch, ar.d what has been upheld by some good nien, is the libel on the good sense of the bees, which says, "When a colony is made queenless the bees are in such haste to rear a successor that they select larvae too old for good queens. ' ' I have never hinted that they would not use too old larvae when no better were to be had, and I have stated as a trouble with the Alley plan, that, when the bees did not at the start use all the material given, they would later on start cells when the larv^ were too old. The question is, "Will the bees, of choice, select too old larvae?" not, "Will they use too old larvce when nothing better is to be had?" If it were not asking too much, I'd like to have you try this experiment: Unqueen a colony, and, five days later, give it a fi'ame of young brood, and see if further cells are started on the old brood. But I know a trick worth two of that, which I have used successfully right straight along. Keep your breeding queen in a nucleus with one or two frames of brood, and bees enough to cover as many more. Give successively frames with slight starters, and, when near- ly built out, or more than half built out, and filled by the queen, take and give to a colony from which one comb with the queen has just been removed. You know the prefer- ence the bees have for cell-building on new soft comb, so the cells will be nearly all started on this new comb — scarcely a cell on any other — I had 40 cells started on one such comb. Now, I can't tell you why, but the important point in the case is that the bees do all their starting at the beginning, and no cells are started when young larvae are no longer present. Possibly the explan- ation is this: The bees find this beautiful soft comb so much to their taste, so easy to handle for cell-building, that they start at once all the cells they desire, and have no wish to start any later. Is there any proof that bees, of choice, select larvse too old when younger larvse are present? [These ques- tions will be referred to our men in the bee- yard, with instructions to carry out the ex- periment and report in Gleanings.— Ed.] '■' By 5) The use of javelle water in case of sting- ing is recommended by several French jour- nals. One editor says the objection to out- ward applications is that the remedy can not be applied to the virus itself, which is un- der the skin; and yet he says this remedy seems to be an exception in his experience. Javelle water is a chlorinated solution of potash, and can be obtained, doubtless, at any drugstore very cheaply. It is a power- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CGL'IURE. 881 ful antiseptic, and good to have in the house in case of stinging by ivy or nettles. Vb It is the custom in many parts of France, according to Gazette Apicole, when a farmer dies, to stop all kinds of work and activity on the place as much as possible, even the horses being given a rest. It is believed that bad luck will follow if some such re- spect is not paid to the defunct. If he was a bee-keeper, it is customary, in some parts, to strike on the hive three times, and tell the bees that such a one is dead. In the valley of the Hem they use this formula: "Awake, little creatures of the good God. A great misfortune has just happened. Your master is dead. " After the burial the bees are informed of it, which are then at liberty to pursue their wonted v/ork. Such a superstition is mild when compared with some that were rife in England in old times, one writer in Butler's Feminine Mon- archy, printed in 1609, telling with all seri- ousness how the bees built an altar and cel- ebrated the Lord's supper. I have thought at times that enough had been said regarding the use of honey for food; but as new evidence is coming in all the time, especially from Europe, that honey is worthy of all that has been said in its fa- vor, perhaps it is best to keep the matter before the world for some time yet. I should like to read the honey reports about three months after the benefits of honey as a food could be made known to the world. The price would rise, no doubt. The following is from the pen of the eminent Dr. Sangra- do, and first appeared, I believe, in Abeille Bo u rguign onne: Sugar constitutes, together with meat and fat, an in- dispensable food for the maintenance of the normal equilibrium of health. It is necessary to eat these three articles in order to be well, while waiting- for the ideal dishes the chemists have so long promised us. Up to the present time we have only milk as a com- plete food— that is, including the three substances men- tioned as being necessary for a daily ration. Sugar is represented to a great extent in fruits, except that kind which we use to sweeten coffee. One gets but little of it from vegetables. It exists extensively in meats; but the quantity which one thus assimilates is quite insuf- ficient. In winter one has at his disposal, as sugared dishes, nothing but pastry, canned stuffs, and honey. Pastry is vei-y indigestible, and can not serve as a regular food. Then there remain canned stuffs and honey. The first are but slightly valued, and justly. As for honey, it seems to me its usage is rather limited, and that is a great pity, for it is a food and a medicament of the first rank. Many people, especially in the country, might own, without any great expense or pains, a hive of bees. Honey includes, in large quantity, sugar in conjunc- tion with other food substances in a form eminently easy to digest and assimilate. It does not irritate the stomach, and passes through it rapidly, for it is not di- gested by that organ, but rather by the intestines, as are all the sugars. Thanks to the properties in it, it is easily assimilated by the intestines without overloading them for any undue length of time, as is the case with certain ripe fruits. Besides, it is vei-y nutritious, and nearly every particle of its own weight is assimilable. I say nothing as to its taste. Each one can settle that for himself. Honey is a medicament which can be used for various purposes. Dyspeptics, whose real treatment consists in a strict food regimen, should use it as a dessert in place of cakes, fruits, and nuts, such as almonds. Honey has still one more advantage, which is that it acts as a mild laxative, and that is a valuable property for habitual constipation, which gives rise to many dis- orders. Without doubt it is owing to this double action that honey owes its reputation as a narcotic. Hence it may be recommened for sleepl essness. Two spoonf vds of honey in a glass of water will suffice to induce sound sleep all night. It is probable that honey, in such cases, serves to dis- place indigestible foods, which, retained in the stomach, disturb our nightly rest. That is not all. Honey mixed with water serves as an excellent gargle, having, besides, the merit of being very agreeable to the taste, either swallowed by acci- dent or on purpose, for honey mingled with water is de- licious; and the ancient Gauls thought such a beverage was the drink of the gods, and termed it hydromel. 'M PREPARING FOR WINTER. "What! preparing your bees for winter so early, Doolittle?" "I thought I would pack and get a few ready along as I had time, Mr. Brown. There is no prospect of any more surplus honey this year, and, as I have all my sec- tions off, it will be better to get the bees ready for winter now than to wait longer about the matter." "Why? I thought November or the first of December was early enough to do this work." ' ' Well, it is better to do it then than not at all; but disturbing the bees thus late in the season is not conducive to good winter- ing." "Why not?" " On the first cold weather in October the bees form their cluster for winter, and go into a partially quiescent state after having surrounded the cluster with honey near at hand, so it is within easy reach of them, and all disturbing of the hive after that causes them to break cluster and go into an unnat- ural excitement that tends to throw them out of their normal condition. But were this not so. why should the packing of bees and preparing them for winter be put off till the cold, snowy, or sloppy weather of early winter?" " I do not know that I can give any good reason, come to think of it seriously, and I believe you are right in getting them ready as soon as the honey harvest is past and the supers are off the hives — at least I will try a part of mine that way as soon as I get home. I see you do not pack very heavily. ' ' ' ' No. I learned some years ago that two to three inches of packing proved better than more." ' ' Why should that be? Would not six inch- es of chaff or sawdust keep out more cold than two or three?" "That would look reasonable; and if the packing kept dry I presume the thicker amount would answer as well. But a large 882 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 amount of packing seems to get damp, so that the sun does not warm it up and dry it out, as does less, and so the walls to the hive remain cold and damp— yes, ofttimes almost wet— and the bees do not seem to do as well on this account as they do where a little more cold works through in extremely cold weather, and the sun warms and dries things out whenever it shines. ' ' "Have you any special means of allowing the bees to pass through the combs?" "No. Do you think any such thing is necessary?" " I think so. Have you never noticed aft- er a cold snap in the fall that there will be little clusters of bees, from three to twenty or more, dead between the combs outside of the main cluster?" "Yes, sometimes. What do you think makes this state of affairs?" "I reason like this: On the first cold spell the cluster of bees is obliged to contract in order to maintain the necessary degree of heat required; and in doing so those occupy- ing the outer ranges of comb, being in a sluggish state from the influence of the cold, fail to pass up and around the combs quick enough to keep up with the receding cluster, hence are left to perish with the cold." "Reasoning thus, what do you do?" "To obviate this loss I have what I call ' winter-passageways ' through the center of the combs. You know that, in old box-hive times, when bees rarely if ever died in winter, they used cross-sticks in the center of the hive to give the bees an extra attachment for their combs. ' ' "Yes." "Well, the bees always left holes around these sticks, and that gave these outside bees a chance to draw up with the cluster, through these holes, and hence bees win- tered better in those days. To make a mov- able-comb hive something like those old box hives used to be, I make holes through the center of the combs each fall, so that the bees can crawl through, and I have had my bees winter better than of yore." ' ' You have got on to the old idea of some 25 years ago, when the makers of hives used to put a curled shaving on a strip of tin long enough to bring the shaving about to the center of the frame, when the upper end was fastened to the under side of the top- bar of the frame. But, so far as I know, few, if any, of our most advanced apiarists use those things now. ' ' "Why don't they use them?" ' ' Because they do not think them of any special advantage, nor believe that those little clusters of dead bees are of any value. " "Of no value? If they are of no value, what bees are of value, pray tell?" "Bees that have vitality enough to go around the combs with the rest of the bees which go. ' ' ' ' Do you mean to say that the reason these bees are caught away from the main cluster in these little clusters of from three to twenty is because they do not have vitali- ty enough to winter over?" "That is just what many of our bee-keep- ers think." "What reason have they for thinking so?" " I do not know that I have ever asked others for their reasons; but my reason for so thinking is that, when this old idea was at its height, a quarter of a century ago, I was infatuated with it, and bored holes in the side of my hives, fixing a little door over the same, when every fall I v/ould open these doors, as soon as all comb-building was through for the season, and before the bees formed their cluster for winter, and insert a square stick with a sharp point, and slowly worm this stick through to the back side of the hive, when, after the bees had cleaned it out, I had a hole through every comb in the hive, just where I wanted it, right in the center." "Well, I declare! that was a novel way of doing it. And after this you think such a procedure of no value?" " I do so think ; for when the combs were so fixed I found that these little clusters of dead bees would be on the combs just the same, and I actually found clusters of them with the bees within less than half of an inch of these holes." "That seems strange to me. How did you account for it?" ' ' After a little watching I found that such death of bees rarely occurred except during the first heavy freeze each fall, and this led me to investigate the matter closely, said investigation proving to my mind that the bees died from lack of vitality, or old age, rather than from not being able to keep up with the cluster by being chilled." " I do not see it yet." ' ' Usually we have much cool cloudy weath- er two to four weeks before the first severe cold, so that old bees do not leave the hive to any extent to die, as they do all through the summer months, so that the number of dead bees dying from this cause would be considerable, providing none were chilled. But instead of dying at once, at this time of the year, these old bees seem to linger along through the dormancy of the bees at this time of the year, and so gather in these little clusters, where they remain in a half- dormant state till caught by the extreme cold, or a warm time comes when a chance is offered for a flight. If a flight occurs, I have often found them clinging about on old boards, fences, corners of the hives, etc., and I presume, if you will think, you have seen the same." ' ' Yes, I do remember seeing such things, but I had no idea that these nearly dead bees, sticking to every thing, were those I would find dead after a cold snap in late fall or early winter, if no flight had occurred. ' ' ' ' Then another thing. I noticed that, where a cold snap came immediately after the bees had had a flight, there would be scarcely a bee caught away from the main cluster, this showing also that those caught at any other time were too nearly gone with old age to keep up with the cluster. For these reasons I left off making holes through 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. my combs, for it was not only quite a job to make these holes, but a worse part was that the bees would fill them up every summer, and with drone size of cells at that. This would cause a lot of drones to be reared when and where I did not want them." "Well, I am glad to have had this talk with you; and, while not thoroughly convinced that you are right, I shall keep watch of the matter; and if time proves that you are, it will be of value to me." Ml Keeping AMONG the Rockies INTRODUCTION. The loss to the bee-keeping world by the death of Mr. Morehouse can be appreciated by any one who has read his writings, but much more so by those who have known him more intimately. I had not often had the pleasure of meeting him, but I have had considerable correspondence with him, and from this as well as from his published writings I had learned to appreciate his sterling worth and his clear insight into bee- keeping matters that, if he had been spared, would have made him even more of a power in apicultural circles. It is with much reluctance and diffidence that I pick up the pen that has been re- moved from his grasp by the Ruler of all. So high a standard has been set that I fear my inability to reach it satisfactorily. The only way in which I can approach it is through the co-operation of the bee-keepers of the West. I ask your help in all matters per- taining to this department. I shall be very grateful for any informa- tion you can give me in regard to bee-keep- ing matters, especially crop reports. If there is any thing in which I can serve your interests I shall be glad to do so. This de- partment is for your benefit. Help me make it interesting and valuable to you. Alfalfa did not yield as well here as com- mon. One of the reasons, in this locality at least, was that the grasshoppers ate the blossoms. Fields that had been a week in bloom did not have as many blossoms on as at first. If there is one thing more than another in which the average Colorado bee-keeper is wasteful, it is in regard to wax. Many bee- keepers having large numbers of colonies do not save an ounce of wax. A solar extract- or, rightly managed, will return a handsome profit in most apiaries. In a recent number of the Western Bee Journal the nonsensical old theory that bees use their stings as trowels to finish capping the honey, and that they inject poison into it to preserve it, is revived; and one would suppose that the editor is only mildly skep- tical in regard to it. We should not blame the editors of ordinary papers too severely for their wild stories about honey when such things appear in bee-journals. Cakes of beeswax usually need a little scraping on the bottom to make them fit for market. Perhaps you do this the way I used to— at ordinary temperatures and with much labor. Lay your cake of wax upside down on the grass in the hot sun until the part ex- posed to the sun is thoroughly softened, while the rest is still hard. You can then scrape it as deeply as you wish, and do it easily. Do not lay it on a board or the bare ground, or it will get hot where you do not want it to. Sweet clover has again demonstrated its value as a more reliable honey-plant than alfalfa. The best yields of honey have been in the localities where sweet clover was most abundant. At my home apiary, as well as as at other places, the best work done by the bees throughout the season was imme- diately after nearly all the alfalfa had been cut. Yellow sweet clover is being planted quite extensively by some. It is not only earlier, but a more constant bloomer than the white. After the white had nearly all gone to seed, plants of the yellow, growing alongside, were still blooming profusely. Even in the "arid" West we sometimes suffer from too much water. A few days ago a cloudburst in the hills north of us pro- duced such a flood of water that the ordi- nary channels could not carry it, and a wide stretch of country was covered with a rag- ing torrent. My out-apiary lay in its track, and the lower part of the hives was filled with a sticky mud, and most of the entrances entirely closed. Several colonies were smothered, and a number badly damaged, while a great deal of fine comb honey was melted down. A neighbor fared even worse, losing nearly all of his bees, about thirty colonies. The season in this part of Colorado has been very disappointing. The weather has been so cool nearly all of the season that there seemed to be little nectar in the blos- soms. Colonies generally were not in good condition at the beginning of the honey sea- son. At the close of fruit-blossoms, nearly all were in fine shape, but they went back- ward after that. Bees that were fed regularly fared better; but there was almost no swarming, and only the strongest colonies stored much sur- plus during the first flow from alfalfa. The 884 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 second flow yielded somewhat better, and in some locations very fair crops have been secured. It is too early to speak definitely; but it is my opinion that the honey crop will not be over 75 per cent of that of 1903. The status of the 4X5 section appears to be that it sells a little more readily, but will not bring any higher price, in most markets at least. The reason it is preferred seems to be that, to many people, it looks larger than it really is in comparison with the reg- ular size, and in this self-deception of the buyer lies its only advantage over the square section. Cases weigh somewhat more; and if 1^2 sections are used they are apt to go considerably over the weight required by the grading-rules. To the large producer it is a serious matter to give away a pound or two of honey with each case. Aside from these considerations, I believe it costs me more to produce 4x5 than the regular. One of our correspondents advises the ed- itor to visit a soap-factory to learn how to cut up candied honey. Perhaps a visit to a brick or tile factory would answer as well. There the clay as it comes from the machine is cut into lengths by a swinging frame, us- ually made of gas-pipe, with holes drilled at proper intervals through which pass hooks with thumbscrews for adjustment. Over each set of hooks is looped a piece of steel piano wire, kept taut by the thumb-screws. In this way pieces of exact size can be cut very rapidly. No doubt this is on the same principle as the one in use at the Home of the Honey-bees; but I have described it, as some might wish to make one for them- selves, which would not be hard. [It is the same in principle. —Ed.] The bee-keepers of the Plateau Valley, one of our best honey-producing districts, have united with the fruit-growers in an as- sociation that seems to have worked very well the past season. Two carloads of bee- keepers' supplies were distributed at very satisfactory prices. A large amount of stock has been subscribed, and buildings are to be erected this winter for warehouses, etc. The association here has not met with the support among bee-keepers that it has de- served, and it has been necessary to order supplies through the Fruit-growers' Associ- ation here. The only objection there could be to co-operating in this way is that here the fruit-growing interests so far overshadow those of bee-keeping that there is little finan- cial benefit to the honey-producer in the union. Do not use too much smoke in removing honey. Honey is sometimes badly damaged by the undesirable flavor thus given it. Try it by putting a few drops of honey on a board and smoking it a few seconds. Un- sealed cells in honey to be extracted will ac- quire this flavor in the same way. I have heard of large crops of extracted honey that all tasted of smoke, reducing its value ma- terially. Sealed honey will not absorb the smoke so readily, but even that will be af- fected by too much smoke. Cappings cut from honey that has been smoked much will 'taste strongly of the smoke, and even the honey drained from them will be flavored. Hot smoke is worse than cold in this respect, and care should be taken not to hold the noz- zle of the smoker too close to the honey. Comb honey should always be taken by means of a bee-escape, except in times of great plenty when little smoke is needed. Now is the time to requeen your colonies. There is a chance for a difl^erence of opinion as to whether it is profitable to requeen all your colonies each year, but this much is certain— that it will pay you well to replace every queen whose colony has been below the average in honey-production. We may add to this every queen that is more than a year old, unless she is an extra good one. If a queen is much above the average I would follow the good old rule of letting the bees supersede her themselves. If your time is valuable, and there is no honey-flow in pros- pect, you can simply remove the old queen and insert a ripe cell in a cell-protector. Ordinarily it will pay you better to raise your queens in nuclei by some of the modern methods. If you can not do any thing more you should at least give each colony whose queen should be replaced a ripe cell in a cell-protector, this without paying any at- tention to the old queen. Many of these young queens will be allowed to supersede the old queens. If your queens' wings are clipped, as they should be, you can easily verify their replacement. This method re- quires little labor, and tends to improvement of stock. Most bee-keepers and many queen-breed- ers are not careful enough about breeding for nice comb honey. We all know that white comb honey sells best, and that the watery-looking cappings that some bees make detract very largely from the appear- ance of the honey. Some seem to imagine that all Italians produce honey that has more or less of this water-soaked appear- ance. This is not true. Some strains cap their honey almost as white as the black bees. It does not cost any more to produce white honey than the watery-looking stuff, and the difference in selling price may be considerable. It will pay to get a strain of bees that make nice comb honey, and re- place every queen whose bees cap their hon- ey so closely. I got a few queens from one of the most widely advertised breeders, several years ago; but when the bees of this supposedly superior stock began working in the supers I promptly pinched every queen's head. These bees were all right for extracted hon- ey, but they were poor workers for comb honey, and their honey did not look nearly 1904 GLKAXIXGS IX BEE CULTURE. as nice as that made by the stock I had. This is one of the reasons why it may pay you better to improve your own stock by cai'eful selection than to buy your queens. Stones on covers have other uses than to keep them from being blown off by the wind, though they are valuable for that, es- pecially at out-apiaries. It is true the bees will stick them fast if they have a chance; but the sticking process requires time, es- pecially in cool weather, and. one does not feel easy when he reflects that the apiary he may not see again for a week may have half of the covers blown off. The best cover for a hive, in my opinion, is a plain flat board. But no matter how well you cleat such a cover, some of them will warp and twist, especially when exposed to the dry air and hot sun of the arid region. In fact, I have never seen a flat cover that would not do so. Cracks in the top of the hive do not conduce to good work in the su- per, nor to the well being of the colony at other times. It is to avoid these cracks that many use cloths. The cloth keeps the top of the hive tight, and the cover protects the cloth. I prefer not to use the cloth. If a cover twists so that it does not make a good fit, I lay a fifteen or twenty pound stone on it. Obstinate cases may require a stone on each of the raised corners. It takes some work to handle these stones, it is true; but I have never found any satis- factory way to dispense with them. The double cover used by many in Colorado is almost as much of a nuisance as the stones, which do not have to be used on all hives at all times. Are you going to sell any honey in paper this year? Better try it if you are so situat- ed that you can establish a market for it. Do not say that you can not do it because the demand does not exist. In most places you will have to create the demand, because it will be practically a new article. This is no m.ore than the enterprising dealer in many other lines of business has to do. You can do it, and in the end it will mean an in- creased demand and a better market for your honey. Put it in paper bags as late as possible, just so that you can get it to run through your honey-gate. If it is not convenient for you to get the regular Aikin honey-bags, you may be able to find something at your local stores that will answer. Some of the ordi- nary paper bags are all right, while in oth- ers the paper is too porous unless the bags can be placed in a very cold temperature at once after filling, until they are solid. This may be avoided by waxing; but as this re- quires something of an outfit to do it prop- erly, you would better get the I'egular hon- ey-bags if you can. If you use the thin pa- per bags they will probably need an outer wrapper, on which an ordinary honey-label can be pasted. Let me suggest that, for the grocery trade, you use a size that will retail for 25 cts. ; and that, if you are going to retail it yourself, you put up all that you can af- ford to for a dollar, and make a point of its cheapness as well as convenience. The strong point in favor of the paper package is that the consumer pays practically noth- ing for the package. The saving to the producer over putting honey in small glass packages, in the way of labor, is also enor- mous. There seems to be an immense amount of white clover all over the fields. The fre- quent rains throughout the country have given it a vigorous growth. There are many good hints in the new department in this issue, ' ' Bee-keeping among the Rockies." Mr. Green is going to make a good paragraph-writer. I EXPECT to be present at the National convention at the Christian Endeavor Hotel, near the World's Fairgrounds, St. Louis, from Sept. 27th to 30th. This will be a big meeting, and an important one. Every bee- keeper who can should come. SELLING HONEY EARLY. A REFERENCE to the many i-eports seems to indicate a scarcity of new honey on the markets. A year ago at this time there was considerable in comparison with what we find now. No doubt many bee-keepers are holding back for better prices. This is all right; but do not wait too long. Take my word for it, if you do not get your honey sold before January, you will rue it. Some- times honey is allowed to lie in the hands of the commission man a month or six weeks before a buyer is found. THOSE MINIATURE OR BABY NUCLEI. These are giving splendid results, notwith- standing the nights are quite cool, and the clusters of some of the larger nuclei of the old-fashioned kind have drawn pretty com- pactly together. Indeed, the bees in the small ones seem to have the advantage over the large ones. The box in which they are confined being very small, it permits them to confine the heat in small compass. The result is that both sides of the two little combs are literally c jvered with bees, and there are eggs and brood on all four sides; yet the aggregate amount of surface of these two combs is equal to only a third of a Lang- stroth frame. GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 We find absolutely no trouble from rob- bing. The queens are fertilized readily, and, what seems to be apparent, even more readi- ly than they are in larger nuclei where there is so much cubic capacity to warm, and where the brood area may be scattered over a large surface. This morning, Sept. 9, when it was quite cool, we opened up several of the little boxes without smoke; and, while the bees were ready to offer attack, those covers came off so easily that the bees very soon accepted the situation, without protest. It is our intention now for next season to dis- card entirely all standard Langstroth-frame nuclei, and use these little boxes containing two frames that are just the right size so that six of them will go inside of a Lang- stroth frame. will take a hand in the fracas, balling the new comer. The scent of the bees is very acute— probably as much so as that of a dog, that can trace his master over a pavement that has been walked over by hundreds and possibly thousands of people, the scent of whom is all different. CLEANING SECTIONS ON WIRE CLOTH; A GOOD POINTER FOR PLAIN SECTIONS. Mr. C. a. Olmsted, in the Revieiv, is cred- ited with the idea of cleaning sections of pro- polis by rubbing them over a piece of coarse- mesh wire cloth stretched tight over a wood- en frame. The cloth cleans every thing ex- cept the beeway, where, of course, the wire can not reach it. Does not this argue pretty strongly for the no-beeway section? By the way, it seems to me some one has already spoken of this matter in this columns, but I do not remember when nor where. Will those who have tried it please report? INTRODUCING WITH THE OLD QUEEN IN THE hive; SCENT OF BEES. I THINK it was Mr. E. T. Abbott, of the Modern Farmer, who has for some time been saying that it was not necessary to make a hive queenless two or three days be- fore introducing another queen; to put a queen, as soon as received, into the hive, taking out the old queen at the same opera- tion, or a day later if more convenient. Many facts go to show that Mr. Abbott is right. Indeed, our own experiments indi- cate that one can keep both queens in the hive at the same time, the old queen to lay right along up to within a few hours of the time when the new queen is to be released. She is then to be taken out, and the other queen will be accepted just as if the old queen had been taken out several days be- fore. Nor is there any thing strange about this. Dr. Phillips has shown that bees rec- ognize each other entirely by the scent. If this is so, it does not make any difference how long the old queen is in the hive, pro- viding there were not two loose at the same time. If the new queen has acquired the scent of the bees of the hive she is just as much a part of the colony, and will be ac- cepted as readily, as though she had been in the hive as long as the old queen. So far as the bees are concerned, they would toler- ate both queens; but when the two come to- gether, there is a combat, and the one that is victor is allowed to be the reigning queen. But if the new upstart does not have the same scent as the old queen, then the bees IS A BICYCLE SUITABLE FOR VISITING OUT- YARDS? A CORRESPONDENT in the Bee-keepers' Review says when a man "goes to an out- apiary on a bicycle, he has done a good day's work before he gets there." This is not ac- cording to my experience, and I therefore judge that the correspondent in question had never ridden a bicycle enough to toughen his muscles to the point where riding is a real pleasure rather than a wearisome exer- tion. I have ridden repeatedly to our out- yards on a bicycle, and have done a good day's work on arriving at the yard. I have sometimes been very tired from working in the yard, feeling as if I could not drag my feet around any more, when, presto! as I got on my machine a new set of muscles were brought into play in a different way; and on arriving home it is an actual fact that I felt refreshed and rested. Why don't I go to our outyards now on a bicycle? Be- cause the automobile is quicker, and enables me at the same time to carry along extra stuff. When I visited Mr. Coggshall, his gang of men were in the habit of going to the out- yard on bicycles, and he would go around with a wagon carrying the necessary supplies and bringing back the honey. The boys could do up one yard, and then in a short space of time go to another very much quicker than it would be possible for them to go with a horse, enabling them thereby to accomplish very much more. Perhaps some of my readers may not un- derstand how it is that, when one is tired, he can do another class of work and become rested. Let me give an illustration: When my boy and I were doing the St. Louis exposition we found that a slow stroll among the exhibits was very tiring; and sometimes when we had quite a distance to go we found that, by walking briskly, or taking a slow "dog trot," it would bring into play another set of muscles, bringing about a sort of rest that was very agreeable, almost equal to sitting down for a few min- utes. The change of work in a bee-yard is so very different from the work of riding a bicycle that one feels rested after a ride. I said a while ago that perhaps the corres- pondent for the Review had not ridden a bicycle enough to toughen his muscles. I know of quite a number of my friends who have taken up bicycling for two months or so, and abandoned it. Why? Because push- ing the machine tired them too much. That was somewhat my experience at the very start; but after one has learned to economize his strength, and has given Nature a chance to rise to the emergency, he finds that what was once an exertion is now a pleasure. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 887 DK. C. C. MILLER AND HIS FAMILY. I HAVE before told our readers that, if there is any place in this wide world where I feel entirely at home, outside of Medina, it is at the Dr. Miller residence; and I should judge there are some other people who feel the same way. In the American Bee Jour- nal for July 14 appear two half-tone repro- ductions which, by the courtesy of that pub- lication, I am enabled to present here, to- gether with a sketch accompanying : FOURTH OP JULY AT DR. MILLER'S. For several years Dr. Miller has extended to us (Mrs. York and the writer) a most cordial invitation to come to Marengo and help eat. fresh from the vine, some of the luscious strawberries that grow on his farm, which is located a mile south of the town. Finally, we decided to go. and did so on Saturday, July 2, arriving in Marengo about 7 o'clock in the eve- ning. Vei y shortly after arriving and greeting the mem- bers of Dr. Miller's family, we began to eat strawber- ries. We had them every meal until Monday evening; and then, lest we should too soon lose the "strawberiy- eating habit," we brought several boxes of them home with us. We certainly never ate more delicious sti'aw- berries. On Sunday we attended the Presbyterian church and Sunday-school, being members of Dr. Miller's Bible class. In the evening there was a patriotic service, there being also present members of the Grand Army Post and Woman's Relief Corps. The popular pastor. Rev. Mr. Van Page, delivered a fineaddiess appropriate to the occasion. The music by the choir was in excel- lent keeping with the rest of the service. All day Monday, the Fourth, we visited and talked bees. We went into the home apiaiy and opened a few hives, but it was a little too cool to do the best v/ork with the bees. Dr. Miller had supers on such colonies as were ready for them, a few hives showing thi-ee supers each. He had taken off j only two supers full of honey. White clover seemed!; it be in abundance, with white sweet clover just coming into bloom. Previous to the opening DR. C. C. MILLER. MISS EMMA WILSON. of the honfy season, the doctor had, all ready to put on the hives, 26,000 sections in supers. His faith seemed to be large. We hope he may have all those sections filled v^'ith honey by the end of the season. Dr. Miller's family consists of Mrs. Miller, her sister. Miss Emma M. Wilson, and their beloved mother, Mrs. Wilson, who is 84 years of age. She is a dear old lady, eats her three mepls a day, and is as happy and content- ed as any one could well be. What a benediction is such a person in any home! On this page are the latest pictures of Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson, the photographs having been taken about two months ago. Especially pleased will be the women of beedom, who receive the Amtrican Bee Jour- nal regulaily, to see the picture of the one of their number who so ably and entertainingly conducts the de- partment of " Our Bee-keeping Sisters " in this journal. We are sure all would be glad to know her better, or to have the privilege, as we have had, of spending a day or two under the same roof with her in Dr. Miller's de- lightful home. But the next best thing is to have her picture and read her department from week to week. Dr. Miller holds his 73 years exceedingly well. We orly hope that he may be spared to the world yet many years. All beedom does well to hold him in the highest esteem and honor. He deserves it. There are too few like him in the world. The Miller home is indeed a happy one; and the happiest one, perhaps, of all is the old mother, whose faith in God, in the bless- ed hereafter, and in the children who sur- round her, fairly shines forth from her face. Indeed, such people are a benediction to any family. Dr. Miller is fortunate too in hav- ing such efficient bee-help in his wife and s'ster-in-law. There is no friction — every thing seems to work along just like clock- work. Whenever I am in the vicinity of Chicago I always make it a point to run up to Ma- rengo; and if you were anywhere in the vicin- ity you'would hear enthusiastic conversation, 8: GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 and every now and then peals of laughter. We very often get into a good-natured ar- gument, and as a general thing Emma is on one side of the fence and I on the other. I dan't really know irhy, unless she has not quite forgiven me for quoting the statement of a boy when once I was trying to find the Miller residence. It was late, and I had just wheeled in from Chicago, and I was in doubt where to go. Said the boy, "You just fol- low this road; and when you come to the place with weeds""' and things in front, turn in." Nor has she forgiven me for taking various photos of the Miller hives that had rags stuck in the cracks to stop up the holes. It is but fair to say that at that time Dr. Miller was about to discard his old hives and purchase new, but was not quite clear in his mind as to what kind of hive to adopt, and so he pieced out the holes with some rags. They were very fantastic, and one morning I busied myself with taking various kodak pic- tures of some of the hives on the sly, intend- ing to put them in GLEANINGS as a good joke on the doctor. Now, Miss Wilson saw me— said I was "not fair to take this mean ad- vantage." So she pulled out the rags, and aftei" she got an armful I turned the kodak on her, taking a couple of shots. "Now, Mr. Root, don't you dare use those pictures in Gleanings." I insisted so strenuously that I woull, that I left her very much in doubt (f my real purpose until I was about to leave, when I finally promised her they would never see the printed page. I h id the pictures de- veloped and printei, and that is as far as I have gone, and they are in my private col- lection. I suppose I shall get a scoUing for even making mention of the rag-bedecked hives; but time and distance protect me. Laying all nonsense aside. Dr. Mdier is to be congratulated in that he has two such able assistants ~ Mrs. Miller and her sister. Miss Wilson. The doctor has tol 1 me that they were rushers, more than equal to two average men. In some classes of work they are very much quicker, and always neater. Indeed, in respect to this last-named quality I think they would much surpass the average woman, and it therefore is no small wonder that they protest at the libel of "weeds and things," and rag hives. Well, whenever I visit the Miller home I always feel that I am the gainer in bee-lore, even if I do get worsted in the arguments sometimes; and somehow I feel that I am the gainer in spiritual things, for Christ dwells in that home. the new YORK PURE-FOOD LAW; TRADING ON THE GOOD NAME OF HONEY. The Tenth Annual Report of the Depart- ment of Agriculture of New York is before me. In it I find a copy of the New York honey law, which I believe is the most * Dr. Miller, like all bee-keepers, is opposed to cutting down sweet clover, goldenrod, and the like. His place was not overgrown with weeds, but the boy's state- ment furnished the basis for a good joke. stringent of any law of the kind in any State, but no more stringent than it ought to be. It provides that there shall not only be no glucose mixtures palmed off as pure honey, but that no compound of honey and glucose shall be put out wherein the word "honey" is displayed {prominently, and the other ingredients shown up in small type. The other ingredients must have the same prominence. This is the actual text itself: Sec. 80-b. Relative to sellinri a commodity in iinita- tion or semblance of honey.— tio person or persons shall sell, keep for sale, expose or offer for sale, any article or product in imitation or semblance of honey branded as "honey," "liquid or extracted honey," "strained honey," or " pure honey " which is not pure honey. No person or persons, firm, association, company, or corpo- ration, shall manufacture, sell, expose, or offer for sale any compound or mixture branded or labeled as and for honey which shall be made up of honey mixed with any other substance or ingredient. There may be printed on the package containing such compound or mixture a statement giving the ingredients of which it is made; if honey is one of such ingredients it shall be so stated in the same size type as are the other ingredients, but it shall not be sold, exposed for sale, or offered for sale as honey; nor shall such compound or mixture be branded or labeled with the word "honey" in any form other than herein provided; nor shall any product in sem- blance of honey, whether a mixture or not, be sold, ex- posed, or offered for sale as honey, or bi-anded or label- ed with the word "honey," unless such article is pure honey. Notwithstanding we have an excellent pure-food law in Ohio, there are mixtures very elaborately labeled, showing the word "honey" in prominently displayed letters. In small inconspicuous wording there ap- pears a statement to the eff"ect that the con- tents of the jar consist of honey, corn syrup, and certain flavoring extracts. I was sur- prised to see that quite a little of this "honey" is off'ered for sale, and more sur- prised to know it sells. The presumption is that people buy it because of the displayed word "honey," and never stop to read the description in fine print; eat the stuff, are disgusted, and then will not buy any honey. The New York law puts a stop to this busi- ness, providing the officers whose business it is to enforce the law do their full duty. KING-BIRDS NOT ENEMIES, BUT FRIENDS. The king-bird has generally been regard- ed as an enemy of the bee, and undoubtedly it does at times destroy virgin queens in queen-rearing yards. I myself have seen one single king-bird catch on the wing six or eight bees within as many minutes. But for all the evidence against it, a correspond- ent in the American Bee Journal believes that chickens kill far more bees than the birds, and then asks, "Why shouldn't we kill off the chickens as well as the birds?" He adduces proof, showing that, out of 281 stomachs of the birds examined by Prof. Beal, only 14 contained the remains of bees, and most of these were drones, while 60 per cent of the king-bird's food was found to consist of injurious insects. One bee-keeper shot a number of king-birds and submitted them to an entomologist, but not a trace of a bee could be found. He urges all who think king-bii'ds are a serious enemy to bees to send a postal card to the Secretary of 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULIURE. IZ9 Agriculture, Washington, and get Bulletin 54. entitled " Some Common Birds and Their Relation to Agriculture." SOME FINE POINTS IN QUEEN-REARING. Flanged vs. Unflanged Cups. BY SWARTHMORE. In his footnotes to my remarks on queen- rearing, page 601, June 15, Mr. Phillips brings forward several points in favor of a flanged cup for queen-cells which I should like to accentuate. I have found "by ac- tual experience that the supplying of royal jelly in individual cups for queen-rearing has not only wasted my time but has tried my patience." Any operation that is entire- ly needless always does this. It is much simpler to spend half an hour on som.e cool day swabbing the entire lot of new queen- cups, be there 500 or more, and have the job over with for ever. By the royal-jelly plan, unless one is very careful color may be quickly ruined by chill, especially in early spring. We must bear in mind that the thermometer does not always stand at the desired point, therefore we must have meth- ods that will suit all temperatures if bright queens are to be reared by grafting. Mr. Phillips says: "When one has over a hundi'ed cells to graft at one operation, roy- al jelly is absolutely necessary or the larv« will have perished before the finish of the job." Right here is a strong recommenda- tion for flanged cups; for by their use each larva may be immediately placed in the midst of the bees as soon as each cup is grafted, and the bees will at once commence to feed one after the other as received, be there one hundred or one thousand cups to graft. There is no long wait to fill a bar or two before the cups can be given to the bees, as is necessary when the cups are supported by tacks on the under side of a bar or in the middle of a frame. When cups are applied at top, as with the flanged ones, each and every cell will at all times be under perfect control— draw one, two, or all; no bees es- cape, the cluster is not broken, no smoke is needed, no prying necessary — simply draw your cup or cups or barful, interchange at will, give as the occasion demands, leave as you see fit. With flanged shells one may use the bees which started the cups, to much better advantage than when the cups are placed on the under side of a bar; for, when so placed, half the bees will escape and re- turn to the old stand by the time one gets the hive open, the frame removed, and the lid replaced -unless the bees are stupefied in seme way, and this is surely objectionable to many. Mr. f hillips admits that the bees remove the jelly he places in his cups. Then what, in the name of common sense, is the use of putting it there if the same end can be ac- complished by the usa of a better plan? In the matter of protectors Mr. Phillips holds to his rag doll v,ith the statem'^nt that it entails but little extra work. Ah! it is these little unnecessary extras that take one's time just at the flood of orders. It would entail but little extra time to wind a string about each cup; but if of no real ser- vice, what is the use of doing so? No, bees will never- tear down a good cell if built upon a Swarthmore flanged cup. Furthermore, bees will not build upon and enlarge Swarth- more flanged cells during a honey-flow as they do with the ones applied by tacks on the under side of a bar. Here Mr. Phillips has made a very strong statement in favor of top application (accomplished by the flange) of cups as used successfully in Swarthmore for over four seasons. The principle of the Swarthmore top-bar application of cups is this: The top-bar of an ordinary brood-frame is dropped down two inches, leaving space above the comb in which to place the cells or the cages; there being no vacant space in the frame, no comb or particles of wax are built or at- tached about the cells, which makes them at all times perfectly removable from top, either one at a time or by the barful, with- out disturbance of the brood-nest. Not so when the cells are placed in the middle of a frame. When so placed, space must be left below the cells. This space the bees will quickly fill, building their combs all about the cells, which renders them entirely im- movable without a delicate surgical opera- tion. All this takes time, and makes a mess; but the bees can not be blamed, for it is only natural for them to extend their combs to the bottom-bar. If the cells are placed in a Swarthmore holding-frame, all this mess is avoided, and cell-protectors will never be needed, for there will never be rupture about the cells. Mr. Phillips makes the statement that, should he place tack-supported cups in an open frame, as suggested in my criticism. May 15, he would have an arrangement quite as handy as the Swarthmore; but he would not, for the reason that he could not examine, remove, nor inspect one of his cells without removing the bar. Since Mr. Phil- lips has acknowledged the Swarthmore open frame an improvement, why not go one step further— add a flange and reap all the bene- fits from the labor-saving qualities of the Swarthmore wooden flanged cup? If Mr. Phillips is unable to make Swarth- more mating methods work, I am perfectly willing to give any instruction he may need to make the plan as successful in his hands as it has been in others'. It is simply folly to use large frames for mating queens when 890 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 a handful of bees in a little box will do the work better. For Mr. Phillips' information I wish to say that I have had some experience with mating from full frames in different-sized colonies; and I can say that never has a queen-cell been torn down by the worker bees unless some rupture has first been made in or about the cell by a queen or a man. I strengthen my statement : ' ' Queen-cells built upon Swarthmore flanged wooden cups may be placed in full colonies directly queens are removed, and the virgins hatching from them will be allowed to live and mate, pro- viding the cells do not hatch under twelve hours from the time of removing the laying queens." [To this Mr. Geo. W. Phillips, our head apiarist, replies:] We thank Mr. Pratt for the valuable sug- gestions which he makes from time to time; but it appears that, to do all he advises, would necessitate the abandoning of our goes ahead of either — at least I am satisfied that I should prefer it. The round cell cups can be used the same as the flanged in the connection Mr. Pratt men- tions. I have tried giving cells somewhat after the manner he indicated; and at first, fearing they would fall out, I bored my holes but partly "through, finishing with a smaller bit, thus leaving a shoulder; but a little use convinced me that even this was unneces- sary, for, boring a clean hole with a bit of the correct size, each cell would remain nicely in position. The last discussion in Gleanings on this subject set me to thinking; and before many days I had found Mr. Huber Root's old model for a cell-frame, and, with a httle extra fixing, adopted the illustrated device which I have used with success ever since. It is a regular Hoffman frame containing three cell-bars, as shown in the illustration. The bars are removable and interchangeable. The unsealed cells are on the top-bar, the older ones below, and a slate outside the hive shows the ages of cells within. This frame THE ROOT CO.'S QUEEN-REARING FRAME WITH REMOVABLE AND INTERCHANGEABLE CELL-BARS. present system of queen-rearing — a system that is entirely simple and satisfactory, and adopting another with which we are ill ac- quamted. I am still inclined to think that no method of preparing cells is as good as the old Doo- little mode of grafting. Why persist in talk- ing about temperature being too high or too low for using royal jelly? I repeat my for- mer statement, that any temperature that permits the safe transferring of larvae per- mits also the use of royal jelly; and why be- speak its use needless, when, besides its other benefits, a large percentage more of cells will be rejected by its non-use? Mr. Pratt, I believe, does not graft at all, but uses a cell within a cell, the queen laying di- rectly in the smaller one, after which it is removed and placed in position. This, al- though an improvement, somewhat resembles the Willie Atchley method. But I really be- lieve that the Doolittle method of grafting ■is taken from the hive only when cells are to be removed; and in grafting, the uppermost bar alone is handled. As stated before, I had already tried Mr. Pratt's "baby" nuclei, but was unable to make them work. Now, the system at the time when I tried it was that of fastening the nuclei to a full colony with normal lay- ing queen, the workers having access to all the compartments. That, I believe, was the plan that Messrs. Hooper Bros, -and G. M. Doolittle tried also, and a better means of getting rid of virgin queens has not yet been described. But the Pratt system is different now. and I wish to confess frankly that I like the miniature nuclei well; and should it be my good fortune to devote one more summer of my life to queen-rearing, I have no reason to doubt that I shall have oc- casion to bless the "babies," and bless their "papa" too. G. W. P. Medina, 0. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 891 [The two methods of ()ueen-rearin,i»- are very much ahke in the main principles, but differ in detail. Mr. Pratt uses a Hanged wooden cup having inside of if another ivooden cup in which the queen lays the egg. Here, it seems to us, is a complication "like a wheel within a wheel." Our people use a plain plug without any flange, having a hole hored in one end. This plug, instead of be- ing held in position by means of a flange, is secured by a nailpoint. We sell these wood- en cups by the barrel, and if we were to make the double-flange cups of the Swarth- more pattern we should have to charge the bee-keepers of the country a much higher price, and we can see no apparent gain to be secured. While Mr. Pratt has queens lay in his cups, the inner one, yet he must remove these wooden cells from their fastening where the queen found them, and then in- sert them in the flanged cup — an operation that will take fully as long, even if the two fit nicely, as the grafting process that we use. In a word, we consider that our outfit is cheaper for the great mass of bee-keepers who must figure to save even the pennies, is simpler to describe, and much simpler to understand and carry into effect. The photo here shown is simply a sample of our everyday work in the yard. In other words, the picture shows the "proof of the pudding." In saying this, we do not claim that Mr. Pratt is not able to secure equal results by his metho'd. — Ed.] THE COMB-HONEY LIE. How it Started ; the Damage it has Done and is Doing ; the Nature of Glucose. BY W. K. MORRISON. It would seem as if we were to have a re- crudescence of the comb-honey canard in the newspaper press; and if that is the case, the sooner we are up and doing our little toward combatting this pernicious error, the better it will be for all bee-keepers. The younger generation of bee-keepers may net be aware that the comb-honey-by- machinery canard first saw the light of day in the pages of a semi-scientific paper, the Popular Science Monthly. The yarn has been given the widest publicity by the news- papers until it is impossible to estimate the damage done by it to our industry. In any case the injury is very great— far greater than many bee-keepers think possible. Let us examine the canard to see how much there is of a foundation for the thing to rest on; and here let me say some bee- journals are somewhat hazy on the subject. It seems to be taken for granted that the glucose of which this wonderful honey is made bears a great resemblance to honey, and is much cheaper. Neither statement is true. Good glucose, free from all impurities, and fit for table purposes, js quoted at 50 cents per lb. in the catalog of the second largest dealer in the world. The glucose we hear so much about is artificial glucose— quite a different thing altogether. It is a disagreeable com- pound which no one who values his life would eat knowingly. I am not exaggerating at all when I write thus. Five years ago, in Manchester, England, a number of persons lost their lives by drinking beer containing only minute quantities of this same glucose. Now, what would be the result of using it in large quantities, as would be the case in using it as a substitute for honey? In the case of the beer the glucose was converted into caramel, and then used to give "body" to the beer. In the particular case I refer to, at least 30 persons lost their lives in a few weeks by this insidious poison. It was by the merest chance the discovery was made that the poison came from the beer. And this is the principal use to which artifi- cial glucose is put. So beer-drinkers and would-be honey-mixers can take fair warn- ing. Buffalo, N. Y., and Chicago, 111., are the centers of the glucose business, making it by synthesis from starch. Eminent chem- ists tell us that good glucose cpn be made from starch. Theoreticdly this is so, prob- ably; but in business practice it is not. These same chemists also tell us they can make honey by artificial means; but when pinned down to it they generally find some excuse for avoiding the practical part of the question. Sorghum or maple syrup is the nearest ap- proach to honey we know of, hence any bee- keeper can easily decide for himself wheth- er he need be afraid of compet.tion from that source. I believe syrup-makers, jelly-makers, and bee-keepers have a clear case against ihe glucose-factories— just as clear as the dairy- men had against the oleomargarine-facto- ries. Let artificial glucose be branded just as oleo is. I believe, also, thac any person offering it as an adulterant should be arrest- ed and imprisoned. Bee-keepers will have to put up a great fight to get this legisla- tion; but people all over the civilized world are stirred up over the matter of adultera- tion. To get the requisite legislation we must be very clear on all important points, remembering — Thrice armed is he who hath his quarrel just. It is not any easier to make a substitute for honey than it is to make butter. Bee-keepers, and particularly bee-papers, should be careful about what they say or print about this matter. It is too important to be played with. The main point is to compel dealers to sell things for what they are. In the British Islands there is a society which looks after the interests of the cane- sugar producers, and steadily secures prose- cutions of gi-ocers who sell customers beet sugar when cane sugc r is ordered. I see no reason why the National Bee-keepers' Asso- ciation could not take up this matter in the same way the sugar-men do in England. A 892 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 very simple law would cover the whole question. Now let me get back to the comb-honey story, pure and simple. It seems almost in- credible that intelligent people should be- lieve such an astounding yarn; yet I know that, in the towns and cities of the United States, almost everybody has heard the sto- ry and believes it. Probably honey would sell in the United States at European prices if it were not for this pernicious yarn. How to overcome this evil is not easy to tell, but something can be done. When I resided in New York the Brooklyn Eagle, one of the greatest of American daily papers, and said to be immensely wealthy, printed the story, with variations. It stated that comb honey was regularly made in Brooklyn, in the neighborhood of a certain street. I thought of getting up a case for myself, and con- sulted two friends who are eminent lawyers. One was legal counselor to the Manhattan Elevated Railway Co., and the other now oc- cupies a place as a judge in an important New York court. Both said there was little hope of doing any thing, for several rea- sons, one of which was that the newspapers invariably carried their cases from one court to the next till opponents got wearied with the fighting. Now, the Eagle is one of the most reputable of American dailies, and St. Clair McKelway, one of the most prominent ethical writers in the United States, its edi- tor. The article, too, was written by "a very reliable reporter." Now, what can be done? The story keeps spreading. Cham- bers' Journal, one of the oldest and most reputable of English magazines, says comb honey is regularly made by machinery; and Nature, the most widely read and probably the best scientific paper in the whole world, says the same thing. It is clear that this story has gone too far. There is a craving for stories of this kind, or papers would not publish them. To illustrate, I have before me a copy of the Standard Magazine, in which is an article advising ladies to keep pet animals, and is quite beautifully illus- trated; but underneath the first cut of a beautiful specimen of a Scotch fantail pig- eon appear the words ' ' Pouter Pigeon, ' ' an entirely different sort of bird. Of course, the article is misleading. Pigeon-fanciers will tell you the newspapers constantly con- fuse two entirely different birds— the carrier pigeon, which never leaves its coop, and the homing and Antwerp, which carry little pel- lets of tissue paper for hundreds of miles. Dog-fanciers also complain of the newspaper talk aJooMt fierce bloodhounds, when German mastiffs are meant. It would be a good thing if we could compel newspapers to tell the exact truth, but we can't. Is there no remedy for this evil, when even so reliable a paper as t\\e Ladies' Home Journal, with so great a personage as Dr. Mary E. Walker to stand sponsor, baptizes the comb-honey canard anew? Dr. Walker is, no doubt, an authority on babies ; but this one is no baby, for it has gone the rounds of the press for more than 21 years. Does she suppose for one minute the Amier- ican epicures would eat a horrible mix ur" < f paraffine, glucose, and sulphuric acid? And yet this is precisely what she claims ihey do. Should she run for the presidency I pray for her defeat. The editor of Glean- ings says the Ladies' Home Journal is all right. So it is; but is it not the same jour- nal which employs Mrs. Rorer, of culinary fame? If so, bee-keepers have no great reason to be proud of said journal. Ladies seem to be nearly as bad as men in misrep- resenting us. Not so long ago, Heinz, the pickle-man of Pittsburgh, sent one of his lady experts to the West Indies to demonstrate the superi- ority of his specialties. As I knew the Heinz factory long ago I called to hear the lady dilate on the various preparations; but happening to have a bea.utiful sample of comb honey in my hand she at once chal- lenged me about it, asking me if I had a factory for making the same, telling me there was a factory of the kind in Pitts- burgh, and intimating she had actually seen it at work. I got her cornered, however, when I stated I was fairly well acquainted with the Smoky City, and would be glad to be favored with the address of the factory in question. Here she refused to say any more on the subject. But Mr. Heinz would hard- ly like it if we bee-keepers were to return the compliment. Why all this misrepresentation of the bee and honey industry? The answer is very simple. All industries, more or less, suffer from misrepresentation by newspapers. Just ask some one engaged in any particular line if his industry does not suffer more or less from this evil. For example, many people in New York believe that eggs are regular- ly made by machinery. Understanding all this we shall be better able to get a true so- lution for our dilemma. People read, and read any thing. Bee-keeping is a mystei'i- ous business to many. Let us take these people into our confidence. The A. I. Root Co., G. B. Lewis Co., Fal- coner Mfg. Co., and all the other makers of sections hold the matter pretty much in their own hands. Let them print a direct refutation of the comb-honey canard on eve- ry section they make. Something like this ought to be stated: Whereas it has been stated by many newspapers that honey in the comb is being regularly made by machin- ery, and palmed off on the public as real comb honey, the National Bee-keepers' Association wishes to state that no such thing has ever been done. Furthermore, the said Association offers $1000 for the first sample of artificial honey in the comb. The honey and wax con- tained in this box are. therefore, fully guaranteed to be the work of bees, and all dealers will be fully protected in court of law if necessary. Figure to yourself the effect of fifty mil- lions of sections, with this announcement printed thereon. The editor might let us know what it would cost to have this done. It has always seemed to me that honey should command about the same price as butter; and if it were not for a certain lack of confidence we could get it. It seems, 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 893 therefore, worth while to combat erroneous views, even at some expense. There are also other ways of letting the public know the facts. There ought to be a bee-keepers' exhibition every year in all large cities, just as the poultry-keepers have them. Why not? The commissions on the sales of honey and wax at such an exhibi- tion ought pretty nearly to pay all expenses. It is largely the fault of the bee-keepers themselves that people believe all the yarns usually told about the bee industry. We have every thing to gain and little to lose by taking the great generous American public into our confidence. Let us toot our own that I should like to tell you how much we appreciate your efforts along the line of se- curing a more general use of that most healthful food, honey, and the securing of a better life through your Home talks. Your June 1st issue has articles on several lines of thought which all lead up to one goal which might be summed up as pure food, pure bodies, pure lives. My desire to help humanity to reach this goal gives me courage to send you this picture with this explanation. This is a group of the families of O. J. and J. B. Ames, taken in the after- noon of Dec. 24, 1902, showing an orange- tree bearing its golden fruit and gifts for A GROUP OF BIG AND LITTLE HONEY-EATERS; FAMILIES OF O. J. AND J. B. AMES. horn in the future, for it seems it would be an idle waste of time to write all the papers that print " the comb-honey yarn" — Sunday papers particularly, as nearly all the matter they print belongs to the realm of romance. HONEY AS A FOOD FOR CHILDREN. The Region of Oakdale, Central California, as a Bee Country. BY MRS. J. B. AMES. Having been a reader of Gleanings for many years I have felt from time to time the holiday season, making a Christmas-tree in keeping with our genial sunny clime, where the children gather wild flowers in midwinter. Tell Dr. Emma Walker to look just be- yond the fence in the picture, and she will see boxes or hives in which bees store hon- ey, which these children consume in unstint- ed quantities, with plenty of milk and other wholesome food. Our oldest daughter. Alma Union Ames, who holds the bicycle, is not yet 12; while our baby boy, Wright, is one year old, and but once in the lives of these six children has it been necessary to call a doctor for any of 894 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 them. This is not a boast, but to call atten- tion to the fact that so many children are deprived of the chance to develop their minds and bodies as they should by pure food, air, and surroundings. I am the ' ' bee- man" on our place— never have less than 30 colonies. The children all take an interest in them. The other trees you see in the picture are almonds. The crop is now ripe for this sea- son, and the two families are harvesting them. The men knock them off the trees and the children sort the hulls out after they are brought in on big sheets which were spread under the trees to catch them as they are knocked off. Fig and umbrella trees make the shade for the hullers. Fruit, berries, alfalfa, and nuts must have water for irrigation to do well here; but with plenty of water every thing does well. My bees gather honey every month in the year; but we do not have such big flows of honey as others tell about, for we have not such big fields of alfalfa. A large system of irrigation is just com- pleted within two hours' drive of our home, where thousands of acres of alfalfa are be- ing sown. We, as pioneers in the irrigation business, can recommend this new district as on the right principle for homeseekers. It is called a Wright District, and is very similar to the public-school system. Very few men care to engage in apiculture in this part of the State, owing pai'tly to the small acreage we have had of alfalfa; but when we have more alfalfa this will be an ideal locality, owing to rains always sup- plying the intermediate crops of blossoms. Oakdale, Cal, Aug. 8. [The picture seems to afford ample proof that honey is a healthful food. If it were more generally used instead of candy and syrups of doubtful source and character, there would be less need of doctors. — Ed.] IS CANDYING A PROOF OF PURITY IN HONEY? About 200 people within the last five years have learned from me that candying in hon- ey is the proof of purity, and in my last Gleanings I le?rn that it is not. I got my information from supposedly good bee-men, among them being one practical apiarist from Germany. Now, what I want to know is: Did you ever publish a denial of the much-believed theory above mentioned? and if not, why not, seeing that it was no secret to you? And what rule, if any, can I give the curious to go by in buying or using hon- ey to know if it is real? or will they have to have it analyzed, or keep on not knowing what they are buying? What is the cost of having a sample analyzed? Where is the best person to send it to? A. Lawson. Discovery, B. C. [Some years ago I conducted a series of experiments to prove or disprove the state- ment that glucose would prevent the granu- lation of honey. Samples of honey were prepared, some containing 10 per cent, some 30, and some 75 of glucose. The ten-per- cent mixture granulated first, and so on in the order of the strength of the glucose; and, last of all, the mixture containing 75 per cent candied, but in a way that was very different from the candying of the pure clover honey. It was streaky in appearance, and looked like ordinary pure honey that is just beginning to candy. I wish with you that it were true that candying were a sure proof of purity ; but if we rely on that state- ment we are going to make matters worse; for glucose-mixers can then (as they are al- ready doing) point to their product and say that it candies as does ours. When such mixtures are put alongside of your honey, you have to compete with what is supposed to be pure honey, at very much less price than you can affoi'd to sell it; and yet you have no means of proving by the candy test that such honey is not pure. The mixers of glu- cose have been making a strong handle of the claim that only pure honey would gran- ulate; that their honey granulates, ergo their honey is pure. Did we ever publish a denial of that much- believed theory that candying is a proof of purity ? Yes. repeatedly ; and it is high time that bee-keepers were disabusing their minds of this heresy, as it will do them harm in the manner I have cited. How can any one know pure honey from adulterated? If he has ever tasted the or- dinary commercial glucose a number of times so he knows its brassy twang or flavor, due to the only partial elimination of sulphuric acid used in its manufacture, he can recog- nize it quite well when mixed anywhere from 25 to 50 per cent with pure honey. I think I can detect it almost every time. I have been put to the test by my friends, and have recognized the adulterated article eve- ry time, and I do not claim that my taste is extraordinarily sensitive either. I will admit this, however, that a chemically pure glu- cose I could not detect, because the sulphu- ric acid has been entirely eliminated ; but the ordinary commercial article, such as is used for adulterating, could be readily told. Then thei"e is a difference in the way in which the glucose mixtures will candy as compared with pure honey~a difference I can not readily explain. Is there any other way in which you can enable your grocer to determine whether the honey is glucosed or not? Here is a way, although it may not necessarily prove to be reliable. If honey is put up in small packages by a packing-house that makes a 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 895 business of putting up syrups, canned goods, etc., there is quite a strong probability it will be impure, especially if they handle va- rious kinds of syrups labeled with all sorts of fancy names. Try to get your grocer to buy from the producer, or of some honey- buyer or commission house whose reputa- tion is beyond any possible taint of suspi- cion. There are plenty of these men in the country, and Gleanings will be glad to fur- nish a list of them at any time it is called for. I think we may safely conclude that any honey sold by a commission house that quotes for the bee-papers is pure, especiallij so if the goods have not been repacked or recanned, or put up in bottles. But there is no absolutely reliable way to determine whether honey is pure except by analysis; and even then, unless the chemist has made a specialty of honey he is liable to be misled, and call a pure article adulterat- ed, when in fact it came direct from the flowers to the hive. Chemists who have made a close study of this question recognize that there are some honeys of a peculiar character, concerning which they dare not make a positive state- ment as to purity. Again, a honey that is not thoroughly ripe is liable to mislead, but not a chemist who understands the nature of such honey. Mr. W. A. Selser, No. 10 Vine St., Phil- adelphia, makes a specialty of analyzing honey at $2.00 a sample. More is generally charged; but as Mr. S. has special facilities for the purpose, and as he makes honey a specialty, he is able to do it at this price. — Ed.] todd's smoker with two hive-hooks. I wish to present to the readers of Glean- ings what I consider the ideal smoker. Wm. Muth-Rasmussen, of California, has the hook on the right side, but it is long and clumsy. By the drawing I send, you will see that the same metal which attaches the bellows to the fire-box extends on almost half way around the fire-box on each side. where it is riveted; then it curves on itself, and at the same time curves outward and downward, forming two legs which hold the fire-box off the hive while lying on top of or hanging on the side. Now, Mr. Bingham, this is the kind of smoker Mr. Somerford wants; and if you don't put these attachments on that "Ban- ner" smoker you are going to make for him it won't .suit, for he is sure to burn his pants the first time he or his pants get in a tight place. What he wants is a smoker that he can set on top of his hives, and that will stay set, and not be toppling over, and one that won't burn his hives, and one that he can drop on the side of the hive with the nozzle pointed in the right direction; and when he can give the bees smoke any moment without having to pick up the smoker nor set it down, you have my order for another provided you put this attachment on. Dr. Levi J. Todd. Mariel, Cuba. [The hooks can be attached in the manner you show. I had a smoker fixed up about two years ago, with two hooks like those you show. I thought I was going to like it, but it was not as nice in practice as in theory. Still, if there are those who really want a smoker with double hooks in front we can furnish them, but, of course, at an addition- al price. Incidentally it should be remarked that it would be very expensive and difficult to make a top with a curved snout like the one you show. The angle at which the smoke is de- flected is wrong too. —Ed.] growing alsike clover for seed, etc. I have raised alsike clover here for three years. The first year it made three bushels of seed per acre; second year it did no good, on account of drouth in April. This year it grew finely, and would have made a fine hay crop if cut for that. I cut it for seed, and was disappointed to get so little. Nearly all shelled off" on to the ground while cutting. When is the best time to cut, and how is it cured for seed so as to get the hay also, as a Michigan man once reported? Do you think I had enough bees? I had 15 good colo- nies and 8 acres of alsike clover. F. W. Morgan. De Land, Ills., Aug. 24. [We have not had sufficient experience in growing alsike clover to answer the above questions. Doubtless some of our readers can do so. My impression is, the seed would not have rattled out at time of cutting had it been cut earlier. Fifteen good colonies of bees I should suppose would be ample to fertilize the eight acres so as to furnish a crop of seed. —Ed.] WHICH WAY should HIVE-ENTRANCES FACE? should hives be shaded? I should like to know what direction bee- hives should face, and also if they should be in the shade or sun, if it makes any differ- ence. How do you make nine to ten colo- nies out of one in one season? George E. Lowe. Morocco, Ind., Aug. 17. [As a general thing, where there are only a few colonies entrances should face the east to get the benefit of the warm sun in the morning and the shade in the afternoon when heat is the greatest; but where there 896 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 are a large number of hives in one yard it may be necessary to turn the entrances to the different points of the compass to avoid confusion on the part of the bees. As a general thing the bees should be in the sun up until about 10 o'clock in the morning, and in the shade until 3 in the afternoon. I would, therefore, advise locating the hives under trees where practicable, but not so large as to give too much shade at the wrong time. Apple-trees eight or ten years old make excellent shade. —Ed.] they will only be practically unanimous. Let's hear the other suggestions. We do not mean to turn a deaf ear; but when some say one thing and some another we don't "know which way to turn. Yes, tell us more about the shipping-cases, friend A. —Ed.] HOLDING HONEY FOR HIGHER PRICE. I notice much has been said lately in re- gard to bee-keepers holding back their hon- ey and then rushing it to market later, de- pressing prices unduly. Now, I wish to say that we common bee-keepers are not wholly to blame for this state of affairs. Last Oc- tober the writer' had about 3000 lbs. of fine white honey, and, not being able to sell near home, he wrote a prominent wholesale deal- er in regard to the sale of it, and was given encouragement to ship to him. The honey was sent, and arrived m perfect condition in October; but in March the bulk of it was still unsold, and I have not heard from it since. I have had several chances to sell it since it was sent away. The facts are sim- ply these: The honey-dealer accepted all the shipments he could get, and then could not dispose of them except at a great sacrifice. J. Blackman. Nevada, Iowa, Aug. 23, 1904. [We are aware that more than one cause has led to the low prices and depressed mar- ket. For some reason not apparent, the de- mand for table honey, at least in the East, seems to be confined to the months of Au- gust to December. Now, bee-keepers must take the market at its laest if they would handle their product satisfactorily. A poor article can be disposed of much better while there is an active demand than later. While the better grades will sell on a downward market, we think it much better to dispose of them also while there is an active de- mand. Perhaps it would be well for bee- keepers to use their best efforts to help the honey-market by the distribution of suitable printed matter, etc., when the slack season comes, immediately after the holidays, and see if the so-called slack season can not be made better. Who can give us some good ideas for this work?— Ed.] NO-DRIP CLEATS SHOULD BE THICKER. Frequently have I thought of writing you that no-drip" cleats should be % inch thick; but so constantly am I reminded how hard it is to make men hear, I have not done so. Perhaps I ought to be thankful you have heard Mr. Burnett. May his words bear good fruit! I might tell something more about shipping-cases. A. B. Anthony. Sterhng, 111. [Let us hear from others. Bee-keepers and the trade can have what they want if WILL SHE BE A DRONE-LAYER? Have you ever had a colony of bees hived on full sheets of foundation, and built up to a good colony, in which the queen would lay drone eggs in worker-cells, and at the same time have lots of worker brood? A neigh- bor has such a queen. She was hatched this year, and the colony is all her bees. I thought it rather peculiar. H. E. Crowther. North Kingsville, Ohio. [This queen may be failing, and eventual- ly may become a drone-layer. Cases of this kind have been on record before, and it is usually advisable to supersede them with something younger and better. — Ed.] WINTERLNG OUTDOORS IN CHAFF HIVES VS. WINTERING IN A CELLAR WHERE IT IS LIABLE TO FREEZE. Would you advise me to use a chaff-pack- ed hive, and winter on the stand, or a single- walled hive and remove to a cellar or else- where? Our cellar is rather damp, but not wet, and inclined to freeze during winter; also our nights are cool, especially during the spring and fall months. One has told me the moths would drive my bees out if kept in chaff hives. I favor the chaff hives. I have but one colony, and my aim is to increase them as much as is reasonable the first year, then rear strong colonies for hon- ey production in comb. Why will bees winter successfully out of doors with the thermometer at zero, and in the cellar it must not reach the freezing- point? What is the best way to increase my bees? Sioux Falls, S. D. F. B. Hill. [In your circumstances I would by all means advise wintering outdoors in chaff hives. A cellar that can not be kept above the freezing-point is a very poor place indeed to winter bees. We have secured the best results here at Medina with a uniform tem- perature of about 45 degrees. If this can not be readily maintained, better winter out- doors providing the bees are packed good and warm in double-walled chaff hives. Why bees can stand zero temperature out- doors and not a freezing temperature in a cellar is a query that has often arisen in my own mind, and I think we can account for it almost entirely on the ground of ventila- tion. Where air is poor, the temperature must not go below forty. When pure and fresh it may go much below, or even down to zero; but if the temperature is liable to remain at the zero point for a month or six weeks outdooi's continuously, without a warm spell intervening, the outdoor-packed hives should be protected by windbreaks (better 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULl URE. 897 anyhow) then the hives should be covered with loose snow. But be careful to see that the entrance does not become clogged. Your best way to increase is by shaking swarms artificially, as described in these columns last year and this. — Ed.] Perhaps Dr. Miller can an- RETURNING SWARMS NOT SATISFACTORY. Mr. Root:— A few thoughts along the line of returning swarms, and you can make any use of them you have a mind to. I have practiced returning swarms to the parent colony or to other colonies anywhere and everywhere more or less for the past five or six years, and with all kinds of experiences. I have but the one yard, and I think that about 80 to 100 colonies is about all that my location will stand (and sometimes I think that is too many, though I have 115 now), so I hive back and double up anyway to hold them together (and sometimes I don't suc- ceed in holding them where I want them ; then I hold where I can), and I have about made up my mind that it is worse than use- less to try to return a prime swarm with a laying queen back to a full brood-nest with any degree of certainty of holding it there more than from one to four days. I am well aware that a plan will work sometimes at or near the close of the honey-flow that will not at the beginning or in the midst of the flow ; and in some localities that will not in others. Three years ago I tried, toward the latter end of the season, the plan of taking three or four frames of brood from the old colony. I cut the queen-cells from the frames left, and returned the swarm with the old queen to the colony (on the old stand), and it worked nicely the next season. I tried it again as soon as they commenced swarming ; had hived back about ten or twelve swarms that way, and built up seven new colonies with the brood taken away, when all at once they commenced swarming again, and near- ly all cast swarms in one day got mixed up together ; and before 2 o'clock I had ten swarms all in one bunch, and it took me two days to get them straightened around again so as to know what I was doing ; and five out of the seven new colonies built up cast a swarm the fourteenth day after being built, so that scheme was a failure. As soon as I get what increase I want I kill the old queen, and run the swarm back to the old hive and cut the queen-cells out on the eighth day, which usually settles that colony for the season unless I am careless enough to miss a queen-cell. I say "usual- ly," because it does not always. I think Dr. Miller said in the A )ner'i can Bee Journal two or three years ago that he never knew a young queen raised in the parent colony to swarm that season ; but I have had three such queens lead off swarms this season, and one of them was less than 30 days old from the cell. The oldest one of the three was just 37 days old. Is the difference in the bees or in the locality ? Jarretts, Minn. S. LaMont. [I give it up. swer. — Ed.] A lesson in bee-escapes. At the beginning of the clover-honey flow I put a set of narrow extracting-frames on one of our colonies, thinking to get them early into the habit of storing above the brood-nest. I secured that result in short order. Wishing to substitute sections for the frames I raised them up one evening-, put on a super of sections, the escape-board, then the frames, and cover over all, intend- ing to run the bees from the frames above on to the sections. About the middle of the forenoon of next day I noticed something wrong about that stand. Investigation showed the extracting-super full of confined bees, hot, and mostly dead — melted combs, dripping honey — in short, a muss. As many as four quarts thus perished, including their laying queen. I cleaned all up as well as I could, allowed them to requeen, and secured some nice sections later on. The cause of the trouble was too little space between the escape outlet and the board. I found two large drones caught there, cutting off the exit entirely, hence the trouble and loss. The conclusion is ob- vious, that the escape-board should never act as a trap. Richard Simmons. Sylvania, Pa. [We have had reports before of drones clogging the escapes, but the occurrences of this kind are comparatively rare. —Ed.] H. C. MOREHOUSE AND THE WESTERN DE- PARTMENT. It was with the greatest disappointment I read of the death of H. C. Morehouse, and the resultant stopping of his "Western De- partment" in Gleanings, which especially appealed to me as a Western bee-keeper as being just what I wanted— some way to keep posted locally. By all means, try to contin- ue this department, as I feel that it fills a long-felt want among others as well as with myself. C. Alton. Paonia, Col., Aug. 17, 1904. [We have made arrangements to continue the department under J. A. Green, as you will see. —Ed.] "CHUNK honey" ahead. The honey crop around here appears to be a rnedium one. I have found out since I moved here that all the while I was hauling loads of splendid comb honey, and getting from 12 to 16 cts. per lb. at the stores, there are a good many bee-keepers here who pro- duce "chunk honey" altogether, and retail it at from 16 to 25 cts. per lb. They ped- dle it out, but say they can sell all they can raise. J. Hammond. Portsmouth, Ohio, Aug. 23. [Similar cases have been reported at vari- ous times. Chunk honey can often be sold locally and at good prices— better than can be had in No. 1 sections. The comb honey lies are responsible for this. —Ed. [ GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 OUR HOMES, BY A. I. R O OT. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife ; and they shall be one flesh.-GEN. 2:24. It rather seems, friends, as if my depart- ment in this issue were to be largely letters from women; and I have just clipped a lit- tle poem from the Cleveland Leader that comes in very nicely with my Home talk about divorces. Here it is: "l AM YOUR WIFE." Oh ! let me lay my heart to-night upon your breast, And close my eyes against the light— I fain would rest. I'm weary, and the world looks sad ; this worldly strife Turns me to you ; and, oh I'm glad to be your wife ! Though friends may fail or turn aside, yet I have you ; And in your love I may abide, for you are true— My only solace in each grief and in despair. Your tenderness is my relief : it soothes each care. If joys of life could alienate this poor weak heart From yours, then may no pleasure great enough to part Our sympathies fall to my lot. I'd e'er remain Bereft of friends, though true or not, ju •:^ Si If :<• Si Last winter was a severe test on bees, but Prices after July 1. 1 6 12 Select 1 75 1 00 1 50 3 00 5 00 $ 4 00 5 00 8 00 15 00 $ V PO 9 00 15 CO Tested Select lest'-d Straight five-band breeders ... Quirin's Fameus Leather=coIored Italians wintered on their summer stands, with- in a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Queens now ready to go by return mail. NOW IS THE TIME TO REQUEEN, and in doing so remember QUIRIN'S hardy Italians. We shall soon unite our nuclei for winter, so hurry in 3'our orders. I Quirin=the=Qiieen=Breeder, Beiievue, o. | 1904 GLKANIXGS IX REE Cl'LTURR. 903 IT DOESN'T PAY to keep those poor colonies when a young vigorous queen from the best honey-gathering stock given now may make them your best colonies next season. We believe we have as good bees as there are for business. We rear our queens carefully, rejecting poor cells or virgins ; guarantee them good queens and purely mat- ed, or replaced free on notice. Our testimonials will compare favorably with any. One queen, 75 cts.; six for|3.50; 12 foi S6 50; select tested, $1.00 ; six for $5 ; tested, $1.00 ; select te.sted, 81 50"; extra select tested, $2.00. J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. If tKe BE-ST Qiaeens are -wii^i^t ^ota v/arat. Get those reared by Will Atchlpy, Manager oftheBeoand Honey Co. W.^ will open business this season with more than imiO fine queens in stock rtudy for early orders. Wo guarauiie sat'.siaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and t hree frame nuclei, f rices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and Kve banded Italians, Oyjjrians, Holy L.inds, Carniolans,and Albinos. Tested queen*. $1.50 each; 6 for '57.0(1, or 1^12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-bandi d Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $i.00 each for Ptraieht breeders of their sect. Unte.sted queens from either r:ice, '-M cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or S8..'tO per dozen. We send out nothinsr hut the best queens in eacli race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreicn countries a speciidty. Write for special price on queer.« in large lots and to dealers. Address XHe Bee and Honey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Xex. Queens by Return Mail We are now breeding from three distinct strains, viz.. Imported or leather color, Root's long-tongued or red clover strain, and our old strain of white- banded yellcw Italians, or albinos. :: :: :: .^\.xi.gims't ctxxd S e f:> 'texts. 13 ^x* -fx-ioes ■ Un ested, each 8 .65; half doz. 83.75; doz. $ 7.00 Warranted, each 75; half doz. 4 25; doz. 8.00 Tested, each 1.25 Select tested, each 1.50 We have also a full line of bte-keepers' supplies (including The A. I. Root Company's goods . . . Root's Sections and Weeds Foundation a Specialty Send for our o2-page illustrated catalog Virginia Queens Italian queens secured by a cross, and years of careful selection. P'rom red-clover queens and Superior stock obtained f rom W. Z. Hutchinson I can furnish large vigorous untested queens75 cts. ;after June 15th, 60 cts.; tested queens, $1.00; after Jtine 15th, 75 cents. Write for discount on large orders. CHAS. KOEPPE.N, FredericKsbtirg, - Virgiriia. DISEASES OF BEES. Black brood, pickled brood, and bee paralysis cured. Cat. of prices of Adel queens and a small booklet on queen-rearing sent free. HENRY ALLEY, WENHAM, MASS. 150 TESTED RED CLOVER QUEENS, three to five banders, fine queens, $1.00 each. Circular free. G. Routzahn, Biglerville, Pa. POULTRY HERALD, St. Paul, Minn. One of the best papers of its class. Practical, illus- trated, every issue interesting. Regular subscription price, 50 cents per year. If you are not now a subscriber. Send a QuaTler, stamps or silver, and get a year's trial subscription. Address POULTRY HE:R.A.1vD. St. Paul, Minn. MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS AS RED-CLOVER WORKERS. I<. C. MedkifT, Salem, N. J., says: "I bought an un- tested queen of you last year, and her bees have filled three comb-hone^' supers, and did not swarm, while thirteen out of the fifteen other colonies did not get more than half that amount I have queens from six diiTerent breeders, and I class yours lOO per cent above them all. Your bees worked very strong on the first crop of red clover. I know they were yours, because I floured them with a dredge-box and watched the hive. They also worked strong on the second crop of red-clover and lima-bean blossoms." Untested queens, 75c each; six, S4.00; dozen, S7.50. Select untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, 89.00. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for descriptive circular showing whv my queen-trade has grown so fast. I ain now filling orders by return inail. and shall probably be able to do so till the close of the season. J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Key. S>6o Best StocK ! Twenty years' experience in rearing Italian queen bees, and producing honey on a large scale has t'lughl me the value of the best stock, and what the best queens reared from that best stock mean to the hon- ey producer. I have always tried to improve my stock by buj-ing queens from breeders who hieed for honey-gathering instead of color; then by crossing these different strains and .selecting th- best and breeding from them I have secured a strain of stock that is the equal of any for honey-gathering. Delanson. New York, .lul.v 10. 1902. Mk. Robey— Dear Sir: Thf queens tliat I bought of you two years ago were the fiin st lot, and the best honey-gatherers of any queens I ever had, and T have had over KXIO queens from the princijial queen -breed- ers of the United States. E. VV. Alexander. Warranted -iiieens in any quantity, 60c. each. .Safe de- livery and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. L. H. ROBEIY -Worthin^ton, -W. Va. Poultry in the West- Also Dogs and Pigeons, for Pleasure and Profit. Do you want to know about how they are bred on the great Pacific Coast? The Pacific Coast Fanciers' Monthly. brim full of good reading, handsomely illustrated, up- to-date, will tell you. Try it for a year. TRIAL sub- scriptions, one year, 50 cts. Bee culture and poultry- raising go well together. FANCIERS' MONTHLY, San Jose, California. 904 C1.EAX1XGS IX BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 Wants and Exchange. Notices will bo inserted under this head atlScts. per line advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed Mve lines, and you must say you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five linos will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will be charged our regular rates of 2(1 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris Ing from these " swaps." w ANTED.— To trade apiaries, for apiaries in Idaho or Colorado. T. Waale, Sara, Wash. w ANTED. — Bulk comb and extracted honey. State grade and price. E. A. Hearn, Salisbury, Md. tV ANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractoi, '» and uncapping-can, for honey. Root's goods. O. H, Hyatt, Shen.Mndoah, Iowa. VV ANTED.— Comb honey; state kind, quantity, and how put up. CHAS. KOEPPEN, Fiedericksburg, Va. yV' ANTED. —Position by the year with an experienced bee-keeper. C. M. Lee, Kt. 2, Spring Grove, Minn. VU'ANTED. — Refuse from the wax-extractor, or slum- •" gum. State quantity and price. Orel I,. Hekshiser, 301 Hun'ington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. \V'ANTED.— To exchange Parker Bro's hammerless shotgun, 12 gauge, factory price $65, good as new, for 10-frame Dovetailed or Danz. hives. Address Joseph W. Leib, 2-35 Wilson Ave., Columbus, O. VU ANTED.— A partner to furnish supplies and bare necessary expenses to take bees to Cuba this fall. I can furnish £0 swarms. I would go to Cuba. A. L. HiNES, Independence, Iowa. Y^' ANTED. — Quantity lots of gilt-edge, new, white- clover comb honey, plainer tall sections preferred. Also extracted honey in cans in exchange for second- hand cans. B. Walker, Clyde, III. VV ANTED.— To exchange 3 h. p. best gasoline engine and belt. Remington typewriter, pole-team har- ness, f'ci-inch 12-foot steel rotary power screen (gravel, sand, crushed stone), for comb or extracted honey. A. G. MoREY, Legrange, III. QUANTED.— An experienced dairyman who likes to care for cows and make them do their best. Warm stable, cement floor, Bidwell stalls, water in every stall, three silos, .39 cows; milking hours, 4:30 A. M., 2:30 P. M. Wages, $300 per year, with house, garden, apples, pears, cherries, etc. If wife or any other member of family can milk, will pay more according to amount of milking ihey do. When answering this ad., give reference, also state number of members of family and their ages. I will give $5.00 to anybody who refers me to the man that I will employ. J. P. Watts, Kerrmoor, Pa. RANTED.— To exchange Columbia chainless bicycle. 22-inch nickel-steel drop-frame, 7-inch crank. 3-^ fl- inch combination pedals, 82 gear, 17-inch steel handle- bars, internal expander, sponge-rubber grips. Brown saddle, lys-inch No. 80 Hartford sin-jle-tube tires, black enamded, gold stripe with nickel-plated trimmings, barrel hubs, tangent spokes, tool-bag, tools, lamp, etc.. for high-grade type-writer, foot-power circular saw, Victor talking-machine, or offers. Frank Lacey, 81 North St., Danbury, Ct. Addresses Wanted. Vl^ANTHn —Parties interested in Cuba to learn the truth about it by subscribing for the Havana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havatia SI 00 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. Situations Wanted. W ANTED. — Situation with a bee-keeper in Cuba or Jamaica. for six months cr term of years. F G Denzinger, Olean, N. Y. For Sale. For Sale.— Clover and basswood honey in 60-lb. cans- Sample free. G. A. Bleech, Jerome, Mich. For Sale. — 6000 pounds white comb honey, best of- fer gets it. Quirin-the-Queen-Breeder, Bellevue, O. For Sale. — Barnes combined circular .saw, practical- ly new, cheap for cash. Earl N. Everson, Brilliant, Ohio. For Sale.— Good untested Italian queens, to close out, 50c each; a few tested, 75c each. S. F. Trego, Swedona, 111. For Sale.— Sweet-clover seed, .50 pounds or over, at 5 cts. per lb. Address Joseph Shaw, Strong City, Kan. For Sale.— Fine extracted white clover and bass- wood honey, two new 60-lb. cans in a case, at 7' -.i cts. C. G. LUFT. Forest, O. For Sale.— 120 colonies of bees, and fixtures for ex- tracted honey, and home; will invoice about $2000.00. Write me. D. S. Jenkins, Las Animas, Col. For Sale.— I have golden Italian queens for sale at 50 cts. each, or $2.50 for six. Hybrids 25 cts. A. L. HiNES, Independence, Iowa. For Sale.— An ! Kan. Price $1500. -acre wheat farm in Cowley County, B. Louisa Hackworth. Rockville, Bates Co.. Mo. For Sale.— Second-hand 60-lb. honey-cans. Good as new. Satisfaction guaranteed lyE'wis C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. For Sale.— 80 colonies of Italians on Hoffman wii-ed frames, nice straight combs. Good location on tide- water navigable river. No competition. Write for particulars. H. W. Bass, Rumford, Va. For Sale.— 200 colonies of bees in the famous "white- honey belt " of St. Lawrence County, New York. Want to reduce my colonies. Bees in good condition. W. L. CoGGSHALL, West Groton, N. Y. For Sale.— Finest quality, extracted white-clover honey at 7^c per pound, in cast s of one new .iS-lb. can. Sample, 8c. R. & E. C. Porter, Lewistown, 111 For Sale. — Five-gallon square tin cansu.sed for hon- ey, at about half price o' new cans. For prices etc., acJdress Orel L. Hershiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. For Sale. — Italian bees and queens. We make one, two, and three frame nuclei a specialty. Write for circular and price list. Also. 100 T supers for .•■ale cheap. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Page Co., Iowa. For Sale. — White-clover and buckwhea' honf-y, comb and txtracttd; limited quantity, and good qiiaii- l3'. Mail sample, 5c. W L. Coggsh.^ll Groton, N. Y For Sale.— 500 colonies of bees in Roofs 10 frame hives in fine condition. Will sell in lots of 50 o' up- ward. Also fine lOO-acre farm at a bargain. Write or call quick for full particulars. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio. Tex. For Sale. — 900 colonies of bees in one lot. or .5110 and 400 separately, located one to six miles from Montrose, Col , commanding one of the best alfalla ranges in the West. Uncle .Sam is now constructing the Gunnison tunnel to fully water the entire valley, which will make this the ream of all irrigated coun- try. Addres J. S Bkuce, Moutrose. Col. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 905 For Sale— Apiaries consisting of 500 colonies of bees; also, 1904 honey crop of 60,000 pounds of comb and extracted alfalfa honej'. Address Dr. Geo. D. Mitchki.l & Co., •MO -ith St., Ogden, Utah. For Sale. — Queens! For the balance of season I will sell Italian queens from the very best honey- gathering strains. Untested, 50c each; tested, 75c. each. W. J. Forehand, Fort Deposit, Ala. For Sale. — On account of not having- room in my ■cellar to winter all the bees I have, I will, for the next 30 days, sell full colonies of pure Italians in nine-frame hives at $4.00 each. Hives are in grood condition. In lots of five, will give one super with each colony. Safe arrival guaranteed. F. A. Gray, Redwood Falls, Minn. For Sale.— Having sold my farm, 1 desire to clo.se up my entire business, and offer for sale two fine bee locations with 500 colonies, near Santa Monica and Los Angeles. Most complete of any. Herman Lehmann, Santa Monica, Cal. For Sale.— On account of my husband's death, I will sell cheap about 80 colonies of bees, hives, supplies, etc.. all in good condition. Net proceeds a year were .$450 to $500. Mrs. Wm. W. Combs, Beauvue P. O., St. Marys Co., Md. For Sale. —485 colonies of Italian bees, situated in five yards, located in one of the finest sweet-clover dis- tricts in the United States; also a big swamp near by which gives a big flow after sweet clover is gone. The hives are lO-frame L. Territory will support 200 colo- nies in yard. No disease. W. N. Cannon. Greenville, Ala. For Sale.— Near Thompsonville, in Benzie County, Mich., one of the best localities in the State; two acres of land, a good five-room house, workshop 16x24, 100 colonies of bees in double-walled hives, 100 extra double- walled hives. 50 single- walled hives, 250 supers, 200 win- ter cushions. Cowan extractor, uncapping-can, wa.x- extractor, a good horse, buggy, sleighs, tools, and other things too numerous to mention. I am selling these for a friend on account of poor health. This yard is located on the bank of the Little Benzie River, the best trout stream in Michigan. $800.00 cash will buy the outfit. Don't write unless you mean business. This advertise- ment will not appear again. Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont. Mich. S^l^^f^cs£r Qcnfk f/uzA Isquabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PRICES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymfu, farmers, wo- men. Here is somethinK worth look- ing INTO. Send for our FREE BOOK, " How to Make Money with Squabs," and learn tilts rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MASS. Extension Rxle Nuts cure wabbles and make old buggies run like new. .Sample, -j-oc, postpaid. Agents wanted. ^^ HarSTrare Specialty Co., Ecz *5, Pcntiac, Mich. 4^ Convention Notice. UNITED STATES HONEY EXHIBIT. Brother Bee-keeper:— T\ie National Bee-keepers' con- vention will be held Sept. 27-30, in St. Louis, in the Christian Endeavor Hotel. By special arrangement all bee-keepers are to board in the same house. At my expense, at the convention I expect to have a honey display by means of a large map of each State and a shelf to hold 1-lb. square clear glass jars. Each State shelf will show every kind of honey the State produces. At one glance you can see in geographical order all kinds of honey. Each jar will be labeled, tell- ing from what gathered, and by whose bees— a good way to advertise honey. I ask your assistance at once. On a postal card, name the kinds of honey samples you can send me at once. I hope my shipping-bottlts will renc'T me beTore your reply, so I can be ready to send, by return mail, shilling instructions. O.ie hun- dred bte-keepers are he"p rg .ne ; $2.60 express on first package received from Califor.iia. Please answer by re'.urn mail, statin T the kinds of honey you can furni.sh me. Platteville, Wis. N. E. France. Mr. i?oo<;— Would you please call the attention of tlie members of the National to the Central Entertainm jnt Bureau and its services? I stopped 1he'-e myself, and found it a most excellent ard respecta'ole place, and every word true as they give it. The addj-ess is 404S Cook Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Take 181 h St. car going north from Union Station ; transfer to Washington Ave. lines going west ; get off at Sarah Street, and walk one block north to Cook Ave. J. P. RoHLINGER, Linn Creek, Mo. Aug. 22, 1904. The South Texas Bee-keepers' Association will meet at the Court House, Beeville, Texas, Wednesday and Thursday. Oct. 19 and 20, 1904. All bee-keepers and others interested are invited to attend. No hotel bills to pay. E. J. Atchley, President, L. W. Bell, Secretary. Beeville, Tex. The Western Illinois Bee-keepers' Association will meet at Galeshurg, Tuesday, Sept. 20, in the county court-room at 10 A. M. All bee-keepers in vicinity are invited to be pi-esent. E. D. WooJS. The Missouri State Bee-keepers' Association will meet in convention in St. Louis, Sept. 26. 1904, in the same hall to be used by the N. B. K. A. Further par- ticulars to be announced later. Arrangements are being made by C. P. Dadant for our accommodations in connection with the National W T. C.^h y, Sec'y M. S. B. K. A. Kind Words from our Customers. Friend Root:—l have read your Home sermon with great interest. It couldn't be better, even if gotten up by a minister of the gospel. I have been acquainted with you only by reading Gleanings and the ABC book. I am only a small bee-keeper. I have 21 stands. My crop of honey is small this year— only 700 pounds. Well, brother Root, I can safely call you a brother in the church of Christ. Oh, I wish there were more such as you are ! I should vei'y much like to meet you and have a good talk with you ; and if you should ever come to Madison I should so much like to meet you ! I have read your text several times, "The meek shall inherit the earth." Yes, the people of God shall dwell in the new Jerusalem which John saw coming down from God outof heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her hus- band. Thank the Lord for such a glorious promise. Arena, Wis., Sept. 5. O. Gunderson. Dear Brother Root:— 'No doubt you will be surprised to get a letter of this kind from one you have never seen or heard of ; but ever since I have been a reader of Gleanings I have been very much interested in reading your articles under the heading of Our Homes. I have grown to (if I may be permitted to use the expression) love you for the plain straightforward way you write, whether preaching Christ as our loving Savior, or con- demning saloons and breweries as the root of (I might say) 95 per cent of the crime of our nation to-day. When I read or hear of some one who loves God with all his heart and soul, I feel just as if I should like to be with him, and stay with him all the time. It makes me think of the great gathering that is to be, when they shall come from the north and the south, and the east and the west, and shall sit down with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of God, and we are to be made like unto our blessed Savior's most glorious body. Well, God has blessed you for giving yourself to do his work, and in the world to come he has promised life everlasting. I am going to ask you. if you ever come to Philadelphia, to come and see me. You will not be coming to a rich man's mansion, but you will get a welcome such as only true Christian people krow ho.v to give each other. Leland C. Dunn. Primes, Pa., Aug. 29. 906 GLEANLXGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 11 dJilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllliliiiiiiiilllllllllil^ I GOOD5 I IN SEASON. I = Cases for marketing comb honey. = = All kinds of packages for marketing = = extracted honey. • . . E = Glass jars for canning fruit. . = E Bee-escapes for taking off honey. = ^ Every thing the very best. ^ E Standard-bred Italian E E Queens. Full line E E of tKe best Bee = = BooKs. . . = ~ We yet have a full line of hives, sections, ^ ^ comb foundation, and every thing neces- E E sary for the bee-keeper. Big discount E E on all goods for next season's use, if = = ordered at once. Order now and save E E money, and be in time for next year. = S Catalog Free. ^ I C. M.Scott®. Co., I E 1004 £. "WasHine'ton St.. = I Indianapolis, Ind. = ^liilHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilllllEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIinitiE i NOW IS A GOOD TIME TO REQUEEN. TlEPLACE all old wornout queens with young, vigorous, and healthy ones. We can supply such queens for 50c each, by re- turn mail. Our strain of three-banded Italians are the bees for honey; try them. Send for price list, and see what others say. Untested queens 50c each. Tested Si. 00. J. W. K. SHAW & CO., LOREAUVILLE, Iberia Parish, LOUISIANA. HONEY QUEENS I.AWS' ITALIAN .-VND HOI^Y LAND QUEENS. Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth, and with these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it ? Or are you interested ? Laws' Leather and Golden Italians, Laws' Holy Lands. These three, no more. The following prices are as low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen. $S 00: tested, $1; per dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either race, |3 e?ch. W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas. I TJC p COT can always be had at 75c (lllrrNA ' int UtOI each forumested; $4 25 x"*-*-"" ' for six; 58.00 per dozen. Tested 81.50 each. Best breeders 85 each. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. The JENNIE ATCHLEY CO.. Box 1 8, Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. Perfect Goods ! J ow" Prices ! j^ ^ A Ctistomer Once, A C\istomer Always. ^ We manufacture BEE-SUPPLIES of all kinds. Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published U/ye Ameri- ca.11 Bee-Keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. i\DDR.£:SS S>6e W. T. Falconer Mfg. Company, W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. Jamestown, N. Y. 1904 r.I.KAXIXGS IN V.F.K CL'LTURE. 907 MarsHfield Manufacturirig Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in; the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. JsAe Ma.rsHfielcl ManufactYiring Company, Marshilelcl, "AVis. UPPLIES! iCRETCHiVIE^ ^Ar>IFG. CO. Box 60, RED OAK. IOWA. We carry a large stock and greatest vari- I ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- I suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, 'and prompt shipment. We want every ' bee- keeper to have our FREE ILLUSTRAT- ' ED CATALOG, and read description cf [ Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. r WRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. I Trester Supply Company, Lincoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs. Iowa. I. H. Mjer.', Lamar, Col. Keeps in stock a complete line of 1-lb. sq. Jars, with corks, $5.00 gross. No. 25 sq. Jars, $5. 75 gross. 12-oz. Jars (best seller) $5 gross. Liberal Discount on more than one gross. Glen Cove, L. I. Salesroom— I05 Park Place, N. Y. # 1904 Split Hickory TOP BUGGY Is sent anywhere on TUIKTY DAYS FREE TRIAL and may be returned without cost if not as expected If kept the price is $50. This is as good a Buggy as was ever put out for the price. It has many up-to-date features that recommend it to buggy ut>ers. features that you would only expect to find on buggirs costing f75or more Guarantee: With every lt>04 Split Hickory goes our blndln,-* 2 years guarantee, a genuine protection to the purchaser. The Hundred Points of Merit in this Buggy are told in detail in our Free 1 86-paKe Catalog of Rpllt Hiclior? Vehicles and Harness. This will be mailed you free the day your re- qufst reaches us. Send for it to-day NOTE- We manufacture a fall line of bigh f rade Harness, sold direct to tbe user at wholesale price. THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO (H. C. Fhrlpi, Prrsldeat.) yt2o Sixth Street, Cincinnati. Ohio. Special 908 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 ♦ "^ »v fC fiC »v »v »,«r »,c fir x^«> fC fC »|C »ic »i^ fie V »*. ^v »iw /^r "If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder." "<*" ^f .^^^^^ Established 1889. "J^ $ Ipl Bee=keepers' { Bee=keepers' Supplies. I \Uf Supplies. $ /(^ ♦'^ j^i< Distributor of Root's g-oods from the best shipping-point in the Country. ?»i^ /IT My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Company, ''({*- -^^ and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: J^^ V Dovetailed Hives, Section I1oney=boxes, Weed Process Comb ^ ^^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, >^ ^^ Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact, ^i^ \ EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. I^ V Headquarters for the Danzen baker Hive. , V During this month (September) I will offer a Sp&cial L>i<«cot/iif of 7 7>er cent . ■J^^ for CJash ort/e- 's, for goods wanted for next season's use. During October the discount y^'^Stf X^ will be 6 per cent. These discounts apply to orders for hives, sections, foundation, etc., but not ''(J'fc' Ik for honey-packages or shipping-cases, or goods for immediate use. One of those nice flexible i. ^S§,^ bee-hats included free with every shipment, if you will mention it in ordering, telling where you ^3ii»- >j( .sow the offer. ^C*' . .........^.^ ^ 'jf^ I have on hand a larg:e stock of extracted honey in 60-lb. cans, white-clover or water-white ^ffSi '^ V «g Have you noticed what the leading Bee=keepers of Indiana have been & ^r 4^ sajing about my line of goods ? Here is another sample letter ^ '^ "^4 Alexandria, Ind. 3^ yS*' Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis. Ind. ^^*^ V Dear Sir:— I have been dealing constantly with you for 15 years, and in all that time have ^ JJjJly not had a single cause for complaint. Your goods come promptly every time. In 1897 and 1903, »jt^_ M^ both good honey years, and in the rush, when a single day's delay meant a loss in dollars to me, ''C^ . yet order after order was filled promptly and correctly. To me the name Pouder is a synonym '^J^ for promptness in bvisiness. I can recommend you to those who need supplies in time for the —'^ yi'" harvest. __^...,uu. ■ .„m^.,^..^,^ „_^ Truly yours, EvAN E. Edwards. ^(J^. I have on hand a large stoctc of extracted honey in 60-lb. cans, white-clover or water-white alfalfa. A single can of either at 8j4c per pound. Two cans in a box at 8c per pound. Bee- keepers having a demand which exceeds theirsupply can here avail themselves of an opportunity. /jf^ Beeswax Wanted. ^^ •^Ij ' P'^y highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make i^ -i^i small shipments by express; large .shipments by freight, always being .fure to attach your J^J^ ■^f name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I sliall be glad to send i to you V t WALTER S. POUDER, J ^^ 513=515 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. '^ ^r ^^ •^K J'* J* j'« J* ^1* ^tt ^1* >i« J < ji* ji* ji« ^1 ^t ^'* ^i< ji# ^1* ix 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 909 IMPKOVEMENTS. We have just completed over twenty-five thousand square feet of metal looting: over a section of our lum- ber-yard to piotect diy lumber from the weather, and insure a sufficient supply to work on without opening- any piles where the exposed ends of boards have been wet with snow or rain. We do not use a kiln for drying- lumber, greatly preferring air-dried stock. We expect to eliminate all further trouble from shrinking of ma- terial after it is worked. Portions of the track are also covered, so that cars may be loaded and unloaded while the weather is bad. GOOD SECOND-HAND CAN.S. We have on hand upward of three hundred bo.xcs of second-hand 60-lb. cans, two in a case, in excellent con- dition. Most of them have been used but once, and are bright, inside and out. We offer them in ten-bo.x lots at 45 cts. a box; 2.5 boxes or more at 40 cts. a box. We can ship also from Hollidays Cove, W. Va.. where we have a part of the stock. We have also some more cans, not in quite as good condition, but which would be good enough for low-grade honey. We offer these in ten-box lots or over at 30 cts. a box. To distinguish from the others, order these as third-class cans. A B C OF BEE CULTURE. Our stock of the old edition of the A B C is exhausted, and the new edition will not be completed till December at the earliest. We should like to hear from dealers and others having extra copies of the old edition which they would like to dispose of. We shall need a good many copies to supply the demand for orders that do not want to wait for the new edition. Do not send the e.xtra copies you may have to spare, but write us, telling us how many, and whether of the last edition, and unused. If we can use them we will give shipping instructions. BUSHEL BOXES. The season is at hand when bushel boxes are needed for handling pota- toes and other farm crops. The ac- companying cut showsour all slatted box which has been used for years, and is a most popular box. It is IH inches long by 13^ wide and 125/ 'deep, inside measure, holding a heap- ed bushel when level full. One box may be nested inside of two when empty, so they can be handled in bunches of three. As packed, there are 14 in a bunch — 2 nailed up and the other 12 in flat, with nails included. We usually make them with oak corner-posts ; and, so made, the price is 81.90 per crate of 14. We have quite a stock on hand, packed ready for shipment, of allbasswood slats, no oak corners. We offer these, to close them out, at 81.75 per crate; ten-crate lots, 5 per cent dis- count. AIKEN HONEV-BAGS. We did not include these hags in our catalog this year because we wanted to see them moie generally tested in different sections of the country, and proven a satisfactory package everywhere before doing so. We are prepared to supply Ihem, and have arranged for a 1-lb. size in addition to the four other sizes sold heretofore. We are now supplied with all sizes. 1-LB. SIZE, ^]4x5%. $ .65 I 1000 S5 50 3.00 I 5000® 5.25 5-LB. SIZE, 7x10. 100 $ 1.20 500 .5..50 1000 10 50 5000® 10 (» 100 500 2- LB. SIZE, SxlYi. 100 8 .80 500 3 75 1000 7 00 5C00@ 6.tK) 3^<;-lb. SIZE, (ix9;^. b U' S.Z-. IO^hV». 100 11.00 1 100 i 1 .iO 50(1 4.75 I 500 :.liO 1000 875 1(00 1351 5000 @ 8.25 I 5000® 13 00 We will print in name and address of prodncir .t dealer, in Different quantities, at the following sihci!- ule of prices for any size: I.o's of lOfl 30 cts Lotsof 250 .50 ci- Lotsof .'•||i0 75ci>^ Lots of 1000 $l.tK'. For each additional 1000, add 50 cents. Each cha* ce of nan^e and address counts as a separate order. I'lr in.stance 1000 ha.s;s printed with four different nants and addres-es, i'.iO of each, would be |2.00; with 1« n different names S3. 00 etc. As the bags must be prun- ed before ihev are made up and coated, we can in.t change the label except in lots of 10 000 or over We have some plain 2-lh. size of dark drab paper which we can fiirnish plain at $2 00 per lOf^O less than pri e^ quoted above, or we can print a smaller special l;.bi 1 in one color at above rat s extra for printinsi. Special Notices by A. I. Root. spark's EARLIANA TOMATO. The above tomato gives i-ipe fruit earlier than ary other variety — in fact, sooner, I believe, than we ever had ripe tomatoes before from the time of sowin,g of the seed, and 1 am glad to be able to add that it is one of the handsomest and smoothest tomatoes for one so eai'ly. It is also exceedingly prolific. A dozen plants are giv- ing us more tomatoes than we can use, and quite a lot for the neighbors. The seed came from E. C. Gre.^n & Son, Medina, Ohio. THE CULTIVATION OF MUSHROOMS. Farmers' Bulletin No. 204, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, should be sent for by every one interested in growing mushrooms. It is quite up to date, and give? all the tricks and secrets known in the business. It tells just why so many fail and only a few succeed. From what experience I have had, I am sure that, with the help of this bulletin, any one who takes the pahis can grow mushrooms, either for the market or for pri- vate use. Aside from its value to the mushroom-grower, it is interesting from a scientific point of view; in fact, I shall always look at the mushroom with more interest, and with a diffei-ent interest, than I have ever had be- fore since reading the bulletin. There are 24 pages and 10 illustrations. OUR COUNTRY ROADS ; WHO FURNISHES THE LAND AND KEEPS THEM IN REPAIR? On page 846 friend Terry says, " We farmers furnish the land, and keep up our roads." I am not prepared to di.=,pute this. It may be true. If it is true. I think it is high time that the rest of the world who are not farmers, but who use the roads, should help bear this burden. Nay, more : Our separate counties. States, or perhaps the whole United States, should payback to the farmers the price of the land and labor they have already given. This matter has already been touched on by some of our agricultural periodicals ; and one paper of pretty good authority said the farmers had a right to demand pay for every telephone-pole set along the highway in front of their farms. The whole world is just now pushing ahead mightily for better roads ; and I think the ownei s of automobiles should have a large share of the prai.se. But we want the.se beautiful new roads, that are com- ing, on a safe and .solid foundation financially as well as mechanically. ^ 1*9 RUB SER STAMPS. »{» ^ stamp your name and address on your letters. You will .save yourself, as well as others, lots of trouble. A. two-line stamp costs but 25c. Many styles and prices given in our rubber-stamp cat alog. Send for it to day. ^A stamp is neater than a label on sections, etc. THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY. Medina. Ohio. 910 GLEANINGS IN EEE CULTURE. Sept. 15 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. •^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ Send for Our FRE:E New Illustrated Catalog and Price List. ^ >!* Dittmer's Foundation RETAIL AND WHOLESALE Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the Cleanest and Purest, JELichest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and Toughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Full Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. CataloET and prices with samples free on application. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Eittmer's Foundation. 0* \ii s $ GUS. DITTMER, - - - AUGUSTA, W9SCONSIN. *^i -5^.3 ^:^^ -S 5 ^-^-^ :^a3 355 ^^^ -J^^ ^^.^ ^-3-3 -2:^-3 ^9« S:^^ -a** **3 *^^ i5^-2 ^:5^ 3^-^ ^ r T^^ Jiyi 1^^ ^^ v^ J^ 1^ J^ SffL ^ If You Want a Smoker That goes without Puffing — Clean, Durable, and Handy — Oldest, newest, and embracing all the improvements and in- ventions made in smokers, send card for circular to T. F. BINGHAM, FARWELL, MICH. Volume XXXII. OCTOBER I, 1904. WnBEE CULTUflE Market Quotations 916 Straws, by Dr. Miller. . Pickings, by Stenog 924 Conversations with Doolittle 925 Bee-keeping among the Rockies. Editorials 928 Colonies not Necessarily Queenless 928 When to Winter Indoors 928 Locality, and its Bearing- on Apiculture J. B. Mason, Bee-keeper and Supply-dealer 929 General Correspondence Our Symposium on Hoffman Frames The Miller Nailed-spaced Frame. Heads of Grain How to Disinfect Hives Tin as a Mid-rib for Comb Foundation Why the Colony didn't Build Cells Red-clover Bees Does a Queen Mate more than Once One Fault to Find with the Fence Separator. New Method of Curing- Foul Brood Sainfoin as a Honey and Hay Producer, Excelsior to Keep Bees from Drowning- Kerosene for Bee-stings; Alsike Honey. An Intel osting Case of Foundation A Swaini that wouldn't stay Hived 941 A Flat Honey-knife Handle A Diffoionce in the Grading Rules How to Move Bees a Short Distance Friend Salisbury and his Oldsmobile, Our Homes 943 Special Notices The A.I. e MEDINA Eastern Edition. ENTERED AT THE POSTOFFICE, AT MEDINA, OHIO, AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. GLAvSvS for E-xtracted Honey! We have a car load of g-lass jelly tumblers coming- about Sept. 1st. Get our prices ; we can save you money. Write at once giving- sizes wanted so that they may come in the car. LEWIS G. & A. G. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Mich. Hilton's Chaff Hive fortifies your colonies against sudden changes of weather in spring and fall. Only a little extra work neces- sary to change them for winter, and make them frost-proof. This work can be put over until late in Novem- ber or December, after the busy time at this season of the year. The double cover with ventilators enables the bees to continue work in supers during the intense heat of summer, where the hives, of neces- sity, are exposed to the sun during the middle of the day. Ask for copy of report from Michigan Agricultural College, regarding " Double v. Single Walled Hives." A large part of many apiarists' time is consumed in shifting from winter to summer, and summer to winter (juarters, which could be well spent in caring for a larger number of col- onies. This is overcome by using Hilton's Chaff Hive. Write for cata- log. Root's Goods at Root's Prices. 6 Per Cent Discount tor October. George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. OUNT For tHe Ne^v Season-— for CasH Orders. During October, 6 per cent. November, 5 '' " December, 4 " And you get Root's Goods. Tell us what 3-011 want, and we will tell you what it will cost. Our Catalog for the asking. M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, ^ich. 1904 Gl.EAMNGS IN REE Cl'LTURR 915 C. H. W. Weber, Headquarters for Bee-Supplie R.oot*s Goods at Root's Factory Prices. C. H. W, Weber, Office (Sb Salesroom, 2146-2148 Central Ave. "^VareHotiset Freeman and Central Avec^tie. CINCINNATI, OHIO. f$» <^ f$» <$» f$> fji <^ «$» — _____ — --— — — f^ — Let me sell you the Best Goo«3s Macie; you will be pleased oa receipt - ^ of them, and save money by ordering- from me. Will allow you a discount on ^ (W> early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is <$J f^fy one of the best shipping-points to reach all parts of the Union, particularly (^fn, ^^ in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction JL i guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed T ~ promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :: :: :: — r^ ^ ^^ i Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a large stock and ^ j; a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and 4 Hi>* without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey ^4"* l^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and (^ yjj bee-veils. (^ f$* Queens l^ow Ready to Supply by Return Mail; Golden itai- <|j jm^ ians, Red-clover, and Carniolans. Will be ready to tura.sh nuclei, beginning ^ —■ with June, of all the varieties mentioned above. PriG3s tjr Untested, during June, -*- 1 one. 75; six, $4.00; twelve, $7.50. ^¥ ^^ i will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and 'f* iJ^ shall be pleased to quote j'ou prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- fcl^ t^ rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. ^ ^ (^ i^ I have in Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants; Sweet- c|j ^ scented clover, white and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- /^ jt. celia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. t_ (j^ <$* 916 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct- 1 Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs un.soiled by travel- ataia or otherwise ; all th(^ cells sealed exceot an occasional sell, the outside surfaceof the wood well scraped of propolis. ANo. 1.— All SIC. orn well filled except the row of cells aext to the wood ; combs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- 3id>3 of the wood well scrapei of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next :o the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of jomb surface soiled, or the entire surface sligiitly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according CO color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Milwaukee.— The present outlook is good for an in- creased demand for good quality honey, either comb or extracted, and the surplus stock of old crop is working oft' at a fair rate, and we expect to make a fair result on shipments to our shippers. The receipts of new crop have been quite moderate thus far, but we now would encourage shippers to send on good quality stock as we think the early sales will be favorable. We now quote: Fancy old-crop sections, lOf" 12; fancy new-crop sections, 13fr' 14. Extracted, in bbls., cans, and pails, white, I'M'iS; dark, 6(a 6V2. Beeswax, 25<(§6M.'. Southern honey in barrels, from 41^' 4 '2. Bees- wax, 28. R. Hartmann & Co., Sept. 24. 14 So. Second St.. St. Louis, Mo. Toronto. — Honey is selling fairly brisk here. Prices are as follows: Extracted, T/nCaS wholesale; comb from $1.50 to $2.00 per doz.; very select fancy comb, $2.25, but very little selling at that price. E. Grainger & Co., Sept. 26. Toronto, Can. Boston.— Comb honey continues to come in slowly, while the demand is increasing. Fancj' white will bring 16f" 17; No. 1. 15(" 16, and No. 2, 14. The old honey has been practically cleaned up, there being one lot of any quantity left. We look to see our present market maintained right through the season. Blake, Scott & Lee. Sept. 22. 31 and 33 Commercial St.. Boston, Mass. Philadelphia.— The market for comb honey is veiy much unsettled at the present time. Quite a few poor lots have been sent in eaily, and have sold for low prices. Very little fancy has arrived in this market thus far. We quote: Fancy, 16^" 17; No. 1, Udi 15; amber. 14. Ex- tracted fancy white, 8^" 9; amber, 7C" 8; dark, 6. Bees- wax, 28. We are producers of honey, and do not handle on commission. Wm. A. Selser, Sept. 22. 10 Vine St.. Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago.— The market is now showing more activity. Some small lots of fancy white clover have been sold at 14c. per pound. No. 1 ranging at 12''" 13; very little call for other grades. Extracted, white, brings 6C" 7; amber. 5(. Beeswax, 27. C. H. W. Weber, Sept. 21. Cincinnati, O. Kansas City.— Market on comb honey is quite active at $2.75 per case, for fancy white stock. Extracted rather slow at &\i!(('7. Beeswax in good demand at 30 cts. We look for the demand for extracted to pick up considerably with cooler weather. C. C. Clemons & Co., Sept. 22. Kansas City, Mo. New York.— Comb honey is now arriving quite freely, and fancy stock finds ready sale at 15; No. 1 at ISC" 14; No. 2 at IK" 12. No buckwheat on the market as yet. Extracted honey is fair demand at unchanged prices. Beeswax dull at 27(<' 28. Hildreth & Segelken, Sept. 24. 265-7 Greenwich St., New York. San Francisco.— Honey— new crop comb, per lb., lOfr'13. Extracted, water white, 6; light amber, S'/s; dark amber, 4'/i!(a5. Beeswax, per lb., 28(''29. Ernest Schaeffle, Sept. 13. Murphys, Cal. WANTED ' FAN CY GOMB H 0 NE Y In No-drip Shipping' Cases;, Also AMBER EXTRACTED in Barrels or Cans. Quote your lowest price delivered here. WE REMIT PROMPTLY. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., IMq. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI. OHIO. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 917 Toledo.— The market on comb honey at present i.s rather quiet, as it seems to be flo("M; with very little demand for amber. Ex- tracted white clover in ban-els brings 6'::; in cans, 7; amber in barrels brinKs 5' j; in cans, 6. Beeswax, 26f"28. Griggs Bros., Sept. 23. Toledo, Ohio. For Sale.— Limited amount fancy extracted honey, ripe and of extra fine body and flavor. First extracting done Aug:. 16. All sealed and ripened on the hives. Amber honey to come off yet. Prices in bulk in 60-lb. cans in pairs. 6 to T^'2 cts. per lb., f. o. b., Otseg-o, Mich. Single cases, two cans, li>-ct. per pound more. Samples by mail, 4 cts. each. O. H. Townsend, R. F. D. No. 2. Otsego, Mich. For Sale. — 104 sixty-pound cans, two in a case, of fine clover extracted honey, at T'ic, on car here. Crop is two-thirds sold. You will have to speak quick if you get any of this fine honey. Sample free. E. D. Townsend, Remus, Mich. For Sale.— Clover and basswood extracted honey in 60-lb. cans. One can, 8 cts.; two or more, 7' 2 cts. Do not send local checks. Mrs. C. L. Parker. Sta. A, Syracuse, N. Y. For Sale. — White-clover and buckwheat honey, comb and extracted; limited quantity, and good quali- ty. Mail sample, 5c. W 1,. Coggshall, Groton, N. Y. For .Sale. — Finest quality, extracted white-clover honey at 7J^c. per pouud, in cas-es of one new 58-Ib. can. Sample, 8c. R. & E. C. Porter, Lewistown, 111. For Sale. — I.ight colored honey, fine flavor, bar- rels, 7c; cans, 8c: amber. 6(a)7. Sample, 10c. I. J. .Stringham, ia5 Park Place, N. Y. City. Wanted.— New crop white comb honey. Describ what you have, and state price. Evans & Turner, Columbus, O. Wanted. — Comb and extracted honey on commis- sion. Boston pays good prices for a fancy article. F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston Mass. Wanted. — Beeswax ; highest market price paid. Write for price list. Bach, Becker & Co., Chicago, 111. Wanted— Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at any time of the year Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hildreth & Segelken, 26.V2H7 Greenwich St., New York Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 2.5c cash or 28 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St., Chicago, 44 Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The A. I. Root Company, Medina. Ohio. Wanted. — Comb honey by the wholesale. We will buy your crop outright, cash at your de^ot, anyivhete in the U. S , if price and quality are right. We have salesmen in nearly every market in U. S., but buy only through Thos. J. Stanley, Manzanola, Colo., our honey- man, who spends the season in the West super- intending our apiaries and looking after Western car lots of honey. Address us there direct, stating what your honey is gathered from, what grade, the average weight of sections, how packed, color, etc.; quantity; V Hen you can deliver, and lowest cash price per pound properly crated and delivered at your depot. We should like to know about what the freight rate to your nearest city is. We believe that our purchases are larger than those of any o.ther firm or association. Yours for business, Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Manzanola, Otero Co., Colo. i WILL BUY a few tons of honey, and pay cash al your depot. Correspondence solicited giving full particulars as to quality, style of section used, when it will be ready to ship, price wanted, etc. If satisfactory I will call on you. A. W. SMITH, Birmingham. Mich. Clias. Israel (Si Brothers 486-490 Canal St., New^ YorK. Wholesale Dealers and Commission Merchants is Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. OonsignmentB Solicited. Established 1H75 Comb Honey Wanted. I want about 1000 lbs. Please write price and grade. R. D. Robertson. Mayfield, Ky. SHIPPING GASES AND GRATES. 24-lb. no-drip cases, 2-inch glass, $13.00 per 100 ; 12-lb., $8.00. Crates to hold 8 24-lb. cases, 30c. No. 1 sections, $4.00; No. 2. $3.50. Foundation, smokeis, bee-hives, wholesale and retail. Send for list. W. D. Soper, Route 3, Jackson, Mich HONEY QUEENS I^AWS' ITALI.'^N AND HOI^Y LAND QUEENS. Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth, and witn thtse I am catering to a .satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are you interested? Laws' Leather and Golden Italians. Laws' Holy Lands, These three, no more. The following prices are as low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen, $8 00; tested, $1; per dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either race, $3 epch, W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas. TUC DCOT '^^'^ ^^'^^ys ^s^^*^ *' ^5*^ lUL DCOl each for untested; $4.26 for six; ?8 00 per dozen. Tested. 81.50 each. Best breeders 85 each. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. The JENNIE ATCHLEY CO., Box 1 8, Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. Bee-keepers, Attention ! Are you going to buy bees? Are you going to locate in Texas ? We make a specialty of nuclei and full colonies of bees for shipment; in any quantity, anywhere, at all seasons of the yeai — carlots a specialty. We are selling agents for a large number of colonies of bees, in quantity and locations to suit purchasers. This is a great bee coun- try, and we can supply you the bees at satisfactory prices. If you wish to buy a farm or ranch with the bees, veiy likely we can have it for you. Write us your wants. THE HYDE BEE-SUPPLY CO., H. H. HYDE, President and Manager, 129 North Flores St., San Antonio, Tex. QUEENS PAGE FENCE CHARACTERISTICS Read them on pages 18 and 19 of our free catalog. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Box S, Adrian, Mich. FENCE! STROMGESJ MADE. BuL strong. Chicken Tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale Prices. Follj Warranted. Catalog Free COILED SPRING FENCE €0. Box lUl Winchester, Indians, U. 8. A. 918 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 THe Cheapest Farm Lands in the Unitsd States to-day— soil, cli- mate, m ^rkets, transportation facilities, and all considered, are SoutKero L/a-nds They are the best and most desirable in the country for the truck and fruit grower, the stock-raiser, the dairyman, and the general farmer. Let us tell you more about them. The Southern Field and other publications upon request. M. V. RICHARDS, Land and Industrial Ag-ent, Southern Railway and Mobile & Ohio Railroad, WASHINGTON, D. C. Chas. S. Chase. Agent, M. A. Hays, Agrent, 722 Chemical Bldg, 225 Dearborn St., St. Louis, Mo. Chicago, 111. Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1873.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. . ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Deo'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CAI^VERT, Bus. Mgr. A. L. BOYDEN, Sec. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Ternrtss $1.00 per annum ; two years, |1. 50 ; three years, $2.00; five years, $i.OO, tn advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per j'ear for postage. Disaontintiances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, anl will pay for it soon. Anj- one who does not like ttiis plan may have his journal stopped after the time oaid for by making his request when ordering. l©if s Writings of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michig-an's most Ijeautiful sections reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette r. r. For pamphlets :i Michigan farm lands and the fruit belt, address J. E. Merritt, Manistee, Michigan. ps bite -Use Bad soa and stini^ only Williams' Shaving Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2 -cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet " How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cut ting, mitering, grooving, boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for working wood in any man- ner. Send for catalog A. The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co., 44 Water St ., Seneca Fs.. N. Y Poof I and Hand Power ! A.r>VERTISlI^G R^\TES. Column •width, 2% inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Nei). 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 2.50 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 1000 lines® 14 2000 lines© 12 Page Rates {JVei). 1 page $40 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circulation Averasge for 1003. 28,666, The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer, Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111., Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, L,os Angeles, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, I\. Poultry in the West. Also Dogs and Pigeons, for Pleasure and Profit. Do you want to know about how they are bred on the great Pacific Coast? The Pacific Coast Fanciers' Monthly. brim full of good reading, handsomely illustrated, up- to-date, will tell you. Try it for a year. TRIAL sub- scriptions, one year, 50 cts. Bee culture and poulti-y- raising go well together. FANCIERS' MONTHLY. San Jose. California. GIVEN AWAY FREE Poultry Punches, Account Hooks, Business and Visiting Cards, Etc. For full information write your name and address on a postal card and send it to the OHIO POULTRY JOURNAL, DAYTON. OHIO. POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated. 50c yr., showi readers how to succeed with Poultry. Special Introductory Offer. 8 years 60 cts; 1 year 25 cts; 4 months trial lOcts. Stampsaccepted. Sample copy free. 148 page illustrateQ practicall poultry book free to yearly subscribers. Catalogue of poultry publieationB free. Poultry Succe8i Co., &gfieid.o. HEN HELP I ■Wilson's New Green Bone, Shell and Vegetable Cutters make rich egg-produc- ing food of green bones, scraps, grit, clam or oyster shells, and all kinds of le^^ctables — wonderfully increase poultry prowtli, weight and health. Wilson's lione Mills make cheap fertilizer — 1 to 40 II. 1>. Wilxjus Farm Keed -Mills priiid lin.-, fast and easv. WILSON BROS. Sole Mfrs. Easton. Pa. Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PRICES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something worth look- ing INTO. Send for our FREE BOOK, "How to Make Money with Squabs, and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MASS. Fruit Growers AND FARMERS Thousands of the best fruit growers and farmers read the Southern Fruit Grower because ihey find it the most helpful fruit paper published. Con- tains 24 to 40 pages of valuable fruit and farming information every monih. 50c a year. Send 10c and 10 names of fruit growers and get it U months on trial. Sample free. THE SOUTHERN FRUIT GROWER, Box 1 , Chattanooga, Tenn. WnM4iAi>IT Lovers of Good Books Cl n 16CI ■ to write for list of 200 titles to select trom. Beautiful cloth-bound |l books mailed 4 for $1. These story books are by the be.st authors, 200 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO., (Ref. Publishers of Gleanings.) Box 1014, Denver, Col. li* ii» RUBBER STAMPS. ^ ^ stamp your name and address on your letters. You vyill save yourself, as well as others, lots of trouble. A two-line stamp costs but 25c. Many styles and prices given in our rubber-stamp cat- alog. Send for it to day. ^A stamp is neater than a label on sections, etc. THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY. Medina, Ohio. 922 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 NEARLY 100 BEWARE Vy^HERC YOU BUY YOUR BEEWARE n rs=" I WATER TOWN, WIS! MAKES THE FINEST C. B. Lewis Company. Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S-A. Send for Catalog. '• JOURNAL:; **^ • DELVoTED*'*'^'^ •To 'B e: e."S> • ^i^-^^ •andhoney- "^f^y •AND HOME.- •IMTEF^EST^. Vol. XXXII. OCT. I, 1904. No. 19 ^^f Joke on W. K. Morrison, p. 892. Right after saying the papers get mixed when tall<;ing about pigeons and dogs, he gets mixed himself when talking about the Dr. Walkers. Friend Morrison, it was Eynma that started the row in The Ladies' Home Journal, not Dr. Mary of the bifurcated garments. If you want to make an easy job of scouring your silverware (this is for the sisterhood), try this: Take an aluminum dish, put in it a suds made with ivory soap, and in this boil your articles of silverware. That's the way it's done at our house, and it's away ahead of any sort of scouring— the things come out as bright as new, only it's something of a job to clean the alumi- num dish. Replying to S. LaMont's question about young queens swarming, p. 897, there may be a difference in locality and season, and perhaps more in bees. In my own case, if a young queen only three or four weeks old begins laying in a colony after the opening of the honey harvest, there being no unsealed brood in the hive when she begins to lay, I have no further anxiety about that colony swarming that season. King-birds pronounced not guilty be- cause no dead bees in stomach, p. 888. But there has been very positive testimony that they do kill them. They just mash 'em and spit 'em out, so of course no dead bees would be found in stomach. [Yes; since the item referred to was published there have been reports from various sources showing that the king-birds in some cases may be a seri- ous menace to queen-rearing operations. In some yards, at least, it may be advisable to use a shotgun if many queens would be rear- ed.-Ed.] Thanks, friend A. I., for giving us that poem, "Come in the evening or come in the morning," p. 898. I read it to Mrs. Miller, and she said, in a half-meditative way, "If there was a little more of that nowadays, there wouldn't be so many divorces, would there?" But say, friend Root, if you like that sort of thing— and I'm sure I do— the old Scotch songs ought just to suit you. I'd like to sing 'em to you for half an hour. "If the new queen has acquired the scent of the bees of the hive, ' ' etc. , p. 8{i6. Where does that scent originate? Don't know just where I got the idea, but I always supposed that the queen was the one that carried the perfumery-bottle. Have I got to unlearn that? [Yes and no. Whether the queen may carry the scent-bottle, I think that we can be reasonably certain that she must ac- quire the general scent of the colony; other- wise she is regarded as an intruder and is treated accordingly. —Ed] Very interesting is that article of Dr. E. F. Phillips, page 846, and it seems quite reasonable to believe that young bees do not go afield because they can not see. Yet it must not be ignored that very young bees, under stress, have been reported as doing field work. In my own experience I had one such case. An imported queen was shut in a hive with absolutely not a worker pres- ent, but with just-emerging worker brood. Five days later the entrance was opened, and in a short time the five-day youngsters returned with loads of pollen. [We have had other reports that young bees will go to the field very early; indeed, we have one in hand now that is not yet published. Wheth- er this militates against Dr. Phillips' theory or observations, I can not say. — Ed.] A plain flat board suits J. A. Green best for a hive-cover, with two stones to keep it flat when it obstinately refuses to stay flat, p. 885. Same thing here, only I want a hol- low place filled with wind in the center of the cover, the grain of the wood above and below running in opposite directions— cooler than a solid board in hot weather, and warm- er in cold weather. And next time Editor Root sees them he'll tell you they stay flat without compulsion. [I am rather of the 924 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURK Oct. 1 opinion that, if your double covers were sub- jected to the cHmateof Colorado, they would pull all to pieces. The arid regions seem to require that all hives be made of as few pieces as possible, and this is doubtless the reason why the flat cover, made as it is of only three pieces— one board and two ends- is preferred by friend Green. —Ed.] White clover all over the fields at Me- dina, p. 885. Yes, but do bees ever gather from it to amount to any thing in Septem- ber? Don't here. Seems out o' season. [The mention of white clover on page 885, to which you refer, was not made because bees gather honey from it in September, but because of a young and promising growth that makes prospects next June and July so favorable. When we know more about this science of white clover and its peculiarities I think we shall be able to tell almost a year in advance whether there will be a white- clover crop. A season of drouth, particu- larly if it goes clear up until the fall, is apt to kill off all the young clover, and, no mat- ter what the next season will be, there is liable to be a shortage of honey from this source. I apprehend that there would have been a larger crop of clover honey this sum- mer if there had been more of a growth of young plants last fall. —Ed.] Reports about cross bees raise the ques- tion whether there is not a difference in years as to crossness. I never had so much trouble with cross bees as last season, not- withstanding the fact that it was the best honey-year I ever knew. They attacked people at an unusual distance from the hives, and that, too, when no one was dis- turbing them. I hardly think it was dete- rioration on the part of the bees, No. 112 was voted the crossest in the Wilson apiary, and its character hardly ought to have changed, for its queen was four years old, yet the colony had not in previous years dis- tinguished itself for viciousness. [I believe you are right. Bees are crosser some sea- sons than others. Conditions of the atmos- phere, sudden cessation of the honey-flow, especially if the honey be of an aromatic or strongly flavored character, will sometimes cause the bees to be very cross. Some sea- sons bees have seemed to be crosser here with us, but such crossness I have usually traced to a little infusion of the five-banded blood.— Ed.] Mellifica or mellifera? MeUifica may be the more appropriate, but mellifera has the right of way because of priority. The name first given must be the one used. Why? Probably largely out of deference to the man who first gives the name. But in this case would it not be showing more def- erence to Linnaeus to respect his wishes in regard to the matter? In substance he said, " I made a mistake when I gave the name mellifera; and I now ask that it be named mellifica." Dr. Buttel is perhaps as great a stickler for scientific accuracy as our sci- entists on this side the water, and he urges that meUifica be used. It will be just like a certain editor to fling back at me, ' ' Why, you're the very one who urged that mellif- era should be used! " Yes, but I know more now than I then knew. I didn't know then that Linnaeus himself changed to the more appropriate name, mellifica. [I had sup- posed that scientific men agreed perfectly that mellifera was the only and the right name. It is a little difficult to change a name after it once gets started, and if there could be any good reason for keeping the old name, mellifica, the publishers of bee literature would prefer to retain it.— Ed.] S yrorp OiA- lA/e/^hbonyJ/eldf W'rt'"^ .55 In comparing the relative merits of bee poison with that from wasps, Mr. Wathelet, editor of Le Rucher Beige, says, "It can not be that the poisons of these two insects are identical. Several days ago in seizing a small wasp that was trying to enter a hive, I was stung on the finger. The pain was very great. I rubbed the wound to get the poison out, but the pain would not abate. An hour after, the finger was greatly swol- len and painful. For three days I could not bend it. I have received thousands of .stings from bees since I have been in the bee-keep- ing business, but I never before felt such pain. I should rather have fifty stings from bees than one from a wasp. Ten minutes after being stung by bees I do not know that I have been stung; but for eight days I felt the sting of that wasp. No, the sting of our little pets is not the same as that of the malicious wasp; and many serious accidents that have been attributed to bees have been due entirely to their enemies, the wasps." The greater severity of the pain may be due to the fact that the wasp, being larger than the bee, and much stronger, secretes a larger quantity of its peculiar etiquette, and unloads it deeper under the skin. It is to be doubted whether a chemical analysis would determine whether this or that is bee or wasp venom. At all events, w^e hope Mr. Wathelet's finger is now fully recovered, for he is a very interesting writer. Ml According to the British Bee Journal, the bee-keepers of England have been having a honey show in London. One of the exhibit- ors, Mr. W. Woodloy, has some very perti- nent things to say regarding such displays as a means of finding a market for honey; and although such large markets as London are not to be found everywhere, the experi- ence of Mr. W. is good for all. I quote a few lines: I was very sorry to find that two tables, large enougrh to take a dozen or more trophies, had been set apart in 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 925 the lai-K'e ]na\\, and only four exhibits staged thereon. Surely liee-kcepers failed to realize the opportunity these large shows have given individual bee-keepers of establishing a market for their produce. The honey- buyers of large firms attend these exhibitions, hoping to secure a supply, not only for their immediate require- ments, but a continued supply for the sea.son so long as honey is in demand; and I myself may affirm that sec- tion honey in the comb is in demand at all seasons of the year, when it can be had in good quality, and pre- served in liquid condition in the combs. That has been my experience for many years past. I have secured regular customers, and we send off consignments of such sections every week throughout the year. It may be asked how I obtained these customers. My reply is: When I took up modern bee-keeping I put in an appear- ance on the show-bench at .South Kensington, and trade began to flow in. This was a quarter of a century ago, and I still supply the same firms to-day. My " trophy " at the Confectioners' Show this week was sold two months ago (or, rather, was ordered in advance) to one of my oldest customers, whom I almost look on as friends after so many years of honorable dealing. To others who produce honey, and have difficulty in finding a market, I say, " Go and do likewise." London is a big place, and requires a large quantity of food of all kinds every day. I do hope our bee-keepers will pay a visit to the exhibition, and see not only the British section but also the grand exhibit staged by the Canadian Gov- ernment, among which is a large parcel of section hon- ey; and, what is of greater interest to them, is the fact that, I was told, an English firm had bought all the honey staged before the show was opened ! Here we see the value of enterprise on the one part, and the breadth of London's requirements on the other. Probably three-fourths of London's inhab- itants never taste honey. If any of the readers of Gleanings can make use of an Itahan bee-journal we will mail one free. We will also send one printed in Spanish, Dutch, Flemish, Danish, Swedish, Bohemian, or Esthonian as long as we receive the present supply. vb In writing for the press it is desirable on the part of the printers to have the work done with a pen and ink instead of a lead- pencil. Before mailing the article, let some of the family read it aloud to you in order to supply the missing words. LARGE HIVES AND NO SWARMING. ' ' What do you think of the idea a neigh- bor advanced to me yesterday?" ' ' How can I tell until I know what that idea was ? ' ' "I did not tell you, did I ? Well, it was this : He said that, if I would use large hives, I would have large colonies when working for comb honey, with no swarming. If that is a fact, would it not be well for us to drop all of our former notions regarding the contraction of the brood-nest, when working for comb honey, and give all colo- nies a great big hive, and so let the bees take care of themselves very largely ? " "You know, friend Jones, that I have been the advocate of a brood-chamber as small as or smaller than nearly anyone else, when working for comb honey, the same holding only nine Gallup frames." "Yes, I am familiar with this." ' ' Those nine Gallup frames give a capac- ity about the same as 6J Langstroth f rameS' would; and from a brood-nest of that capac- ity I secured an average yield of 100 pounds^ of comb honey from each colony for eleven, years in succession during the later seven- ties and the early eighties— a record which has rarely if ever been excelled, covering that term of years. ' ' "I believe that is right." ' ' Now, while that is so, I am free to con- fess that, without doubt, more labor is re- quired in rightly managing such hives than is needed in the management of large hives. But with me it has always seemed that, from the extra amount of honey obtained, I always secured enough to pay fully for the extra labor expended ; and, if so, could the plea of letting the bees take care of them- selves enter into the problem ?" " I had hardly thought of that." "The question, it seems to me, is, which will give the best returns for the amount of labor expended ? and not how little labor is it possible to run an apiary with and secure any returns at all ?" "Then you do not think as good returns can be secured with the large hives with little labor?" ' ' That is right. But let us look a little into that matter of large hives giving large colo- nies with no desire to swarm, and another claim put forth by some— that swarms from the large hives are so much larger than those from the small hives. I believe there is something overlooked here; for, with those nine-frame Gallup hives, I have had fully as little swarming as I have had with the ten- frame Langstroth hives, and the average of the swarms was not materially different as to size in either case." ' ' I hardly see why that should be so. ' ' ' ' I am free to admit that, were each placed side by side, with no sections on, the ten-frame L. hives would probably be later in swarming, and send out larger swarms; but no one working on the contraction plan treats his colonies in that way." "He would be a strange bee-keeper if he did." ' ' Then we have that, with the small hive or brood-chamber, the sections are put on as soon as the honey-flow commences, and the brood-combs are manipulated till the whole are solid full of brood; and when in this shape, if any honey is stored, it must go into the sections, for there is no other place for it to go. Is this as you understand it?" ' ' Very nearly. ' ' "Thus started early in the sections, the bees become accustomed to their surround- ings, and these fully occupied combs of brood entertain the best queen to her full capacity as to egg-laying; and, if we have made no mistake, how could a larger hive give any larger colonies ? Large hives do not give large colonies beyond any hive 926 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 which gives the queen room for her full capacity. Am I right here ?" "I can see no flaw in that assertion. ' ' If the queen has all the vacant cell room her prolificness requires, more room is only a damage to our crop of comb honey; for m the finding of too many vacant cells in the brood-chamber at the beginning of the hon- ey harvest comes an ' accustoment ' to the brood-chamber for storing honey, instead of the sections, and thus the queen is crowded upon with honey, instead of said honey go- ing into the sections; and with restricted room for her eggs comes discontent, and from this discontent comes the desire, and from the desire comes swarming, the very thing that we are told we shall not have if we will only use large hives." "I wish my neighbor could hear your argument. Perhaps he could give as good arguments on his side. I don't know enough. I can only say that it looks reasonable." ' ' Remember we are looking at the matter from the comb-honey standpoint, or honey in sections, not extracted honey. ' ' But you do have larger hives, do you not?" "Yes. Some fifteen to seventeen years ago I was persuaded to buy of a farmer, living five miles from me, his bees, as he did not wish to keep them longer, and with the bees he gave me the privilege of allow- ing them to remain where they were for a few pounds of honey each year. These bees were in the ten-frame L. hives, and I have kept them in those hives ever since, and at the same place, and thus I have had a chance to know about the workings of these hives as compared with the nine-frame Gal- lup hives of my home yard." "How do they compare ? ' "The result has been that I can, by giv- ing plenty of section room, hold these colo- nies at the outyard back from swarming about a week later, on an average, than where the nine Gallup frames are used ; but this out-apiary is no nearer being a non- swarming apiary than my home yard, and, in fact, I often consider them more deter- mined ' to swarm than those are here ; but the swarming comes a little later in the season." ,. , , ^ " Do you consider this httle later swarm- ing of any benefit for comb-honey produc- tion?" _ , ' ' This being held back a week in swarm- ing has quite a bearing upon the problem of comb-honey production, from my present standpoint; for when colonies are managed on the ' shook ' plan of swarming, as given in the February 1st number of Gleanings of this year, this holding-back puts them in iust the right position to have the swarming done up so they can take advantage of the honey harvest when it comes, with the largest possible working force, with no de- sire to swarm after the manipulation. " But all this requires work." "Yes some work; but no more work than we are well paid for. One thing I find, no matter what hive is used, or how many frames that hive contains, within the bounds of reason in securing a good crop of section honey, either way, toward large or small brood-chambers, a given amount of labor must be performed, so that the idea of let- ting the bees take care of themselves is nearly or quite a myth, if we expect to_ reap any great success from our bees. This no- labor part, and that of putting more colonies into the field, has been harped on so much of late that it has become a sort of bugbear, and a desire seems to have sprung up for a ' holding of the pot to catch the porridge ' sort of apiculture, unworthy of the best at- tainments. ' In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread ' brings the highest joy that is attained in this life. Is it not to the one who has labored and toiled patiently, day after day, till at last the problem worked upon has been fully conquered and solved, that the greatest satisfaction comes ? ' ' Bee Keeping AMON&THE Rockies What an all-devouring appetite is that of friend Adelsbach, of the Western Bee Jour- nal! Wonder whose turn it will be next. Extracted honey that has already granu- lated too much to run at all may be made to run quite freely by a thorough stirring. Back in Illinois I seldom found it of any benefit to put the honey-knife in water, either hot or cold. When I did, cold water was just as good as hot. But when extract- ing Colorado alfalfa honey, hot water is de- cidedly better than cold, even in hot weather. It is claimed by those who think it unnec- essary to use excluding zinc between the brood - chamber and the extracting -combs that the honey can readily be extracted from combs containing unsealed brood without in- juring or throwing out the brood. This is largely true in the East, but not here. I had to extract from only four or five combs containing brood, and I found it a matter of difficulty, requiring both time and skill to get the honey out without throwing out a large proportion of the unsealed brood. It can be done satisfactorily only in the hottest weath- er. The big tank for extracted honey is all right; but those who -claim that honey put into such a tank needs no straining are "way off"" under certain circumstances. My hon- ey was strained through coarse cheese-cloth 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 927 before putting it into the tank; then after standing some time the top of the tank was carefully skimmed. But on reheating the honey in jars filled from this tank, a number of specks of comb made their appearance on top of nearly every jar. The trouble was with the thick Colorado honey. Not being a very large producer of extracted honey, the tank was some time in being filled. As hon- ey was poured in at intervals, the minute specks on top were carried down into the honey, which was too thick to allow them all to get back to the top. If the honey had not been strained I think there would have been many more of them. CLOSING UP THE SEASON. As the honey season draws to a close, the question of how much more room to give to bees becomes an important one. They may not finish a whole super, and unfinished sec- tions are an expensive nuisance. C. M. Foss solves the difficulty by simply leaving out the two outer rows of sections, placing a division-board next to the inner rows. The bees have free access to spaces on each side; but as the sections are supplied with full sheets of foundation, and there is nothing of the kind outside, they very seldom build any comb there, though they sometimes con- gregate there in considerable numbers. I do not like to give empty sections too near the end of the season, preferring to finish the season with extracting-combs. When I give sections at such a time, though, I gen- erally place one or more rows of finished or nearly finished sections on each side of the super. The honey selected for this purpose is such as would grade only No. 2, so it will be little damaged by being on the hive a lit- tle longer, especially in the outside rows of the super. NUCLEI FOR MATING QUEENS. My first trial of the small " Swarthmore" nuclei for queen-mating was not very suc- cessful, only one laying queen being secured from a lot of seven. On the second trial I got ten queens from eleven nuclei, and since then I have had about as good success as from ordinary nuclei. I used the plan out- lined by W. H. Laws in the March Revieiv, my mating-boxes holding one frame 5|X8i. Two of these frames just fit inside of one of my brood-frames, so that they can be used in an ordinary brood-chamber with very lit- tle trouble at any time it is desired. I did not give brood to any of them and no feeding was done, though there was a light flow of honey all the time. Each comb was supplied with what I supposed was plenty of honey under the circumstances; but in many cases it proved not enough, as it was consumed at a surprising rate. In some cases it was quietly robbed out, being carried back to the old home. I found it desirable to confine the bees to the mating-box for two or three days before releasing them, and it was ap- parently of advantage to have the queen several days old before she was released. PROPOLIS. Judging from the references to it in the bee-journals, one would suppose it to be the common belief that propolis is a substance of uniform source, composition, and charac- ter. As a matter of fact, since propolis is gathered, and not secreted Hke beeswax, it varies widely in its qualities, almost as much so as honey, according to the source from which it is gathered. If we will bear this fact in mind we shall avoid much misunder- standing. As an illustration, the editor of the Re- vieiv announced some time ago that lava soap would remove propolis from the hands. One of the largest dealers in bee-keepers' supplies, on the authority of this, advei'tised this soap in his catalog. Important, if true. But lava soap unaided will not remove the brand of propolis that my bees gather. On the other hand, there are localities less than fifteen miles away where the propolis can be readily washed from the hands with any good soap and hot water. I usually get it off my hands by soaping them well, then pouring on a little aqua am- monia, which, in connection with the soap, takes it off readily. Another good way, not quite so pleasant, but easier on the skin, is to rub the hands with kerosene, then use soap. You may not need these things, or they may not work v/ith you. If they do not, remember that there is more in "locality" than some people are willing to admit. What ever became of all the devices for cleaning the propolis off from sections by machinery that occupied so much space in the bee-journals several years ago ? Most of them would probably be of some use in jDutting an extra polish on sections when the propolis was cold and brittle, but they were of no use when it was soft and sticky, and a very little honey on the outside of the sec- tion soon put them out of commission. Now we have a scheme for cleaning the propolis off from sections by rubbing them on a piece of coarse wire cloth stretched tightly over a strong frame. Perhaps I ought not to condemn the plan without hav- ing tried it, but I am afraid it would be of little use unless the propolis is cold and brit- tle. In this country, at least, most of the sections must be cleaned before the propolis is in really good condition to scrape. OVERSTOCKING. To my mind, one of the most mischievous doctrines that have ever been brought out in a bee-journal is that which argues that there is little danger of overstocking a lo- cality with bees, and that one might as well keep four or five hundred colonies in a place as a fourth that number. It is true that there are localities where this would be good advice; but for one that would be helped by following such advice, I believe there are a hundred who would be harmed. And the worst of it is, those who are harmed most may not he able to help themselves at all in the matter, but are at the mercy of those 928 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 who thoughtlessly take such doctrine for sound sense. It is a difficult matter to tell when a field is overstocked. A location may be good enough, during the height of the honey-flow, to support a thousand colonies with ease; yet when the flow begins to fall off a little there will not be enough honey to go around. Times will come when nearly all the honey the field affords is consumed in brood-rear- ing. In times of scarcity the bees will be consuming more than they can gather. Especially in the spring there will not be enough of either honey or pollen to enable brood-rearing to be carried on as it should be. Heavy feeding will be necessary at times to supplement the lack of natural sources of supply, and in the end it may be found that the location that, at times, was good enough for a thousand colonies, will not support, for an average term of years, more than 100 colonies with the greatest economy and profit. My own experience may be interesting, and perhaps shed a little light on the subject. When I came here the location was plainly capable of supporting profitably many more bees than were in it; but as my bees in- creased in numbers I took advantage of a vacated location to establish an out-apiary of sixty colonies only two miles away from home. It was not as far away as I should have liked; but locations are scarce here, and it was better than nothing. That season nearly every bee-keeper in the neighborhood doubled the number of his colonies, some even more than that. I decided to move out more bees and start another apiary; but be- fore I had my arrangements completed, several new apiaries were started in my im- mediate neighborhood. It seemed like poor business policy to move my bees out to let them come in, so I kept all my bees at home, with the exception of the one apiary of 60 colonies which I had been obliged to move nearer home, so that it was now only If miles away, though I felt pretty sure that the home location was badly ovei'stocked. Now for results. The out-apiary, though well within the field of the home apiary, ac- cording to most authorities, and having the same stock of bees in the same hives, and with exactly the same management, av- eraged nearly double the yield of honey per hive that those at home gave. This experi- ence taught me several things. First, that the profitable range of bee-flight may be much less than is commonly supposed. Second, it was very evident that the home location had more bees than it could profit- ably support. Now, according to many who have wi'itten on the subject, these people had a perfect right to bring more bees into this locality. All the bee-keepers in the neighborhood own their homes, and none of the apiaries lately established have been large ones. There is no question as to the legal rights of all, and yet the number of colonies in the neighborhood must be reduced or nobody can make as much money from bees as he ought to. Let's hear from Dr. Miller. By the time this journal is going out to its readers the great St. Louis convention will have just closed its sessions. I will endeav- or to bring back short sketches of the dis- cussions. The Review editor, in his capacity as foul- brood inspector, says he sees all kinds of hives and fixtures. One thing that he has been able to notice is that wide and deep top-bars ' ' will prevent at least three-fourths of the combs that would otherwise be built. " The Western Bee Journal has absorbed another bee-paper, the Southland Queen. Mr. Atchley, the publisher, will be retained as one of the writers. The Journal shows evidence of permanency— something that bee-papers on the Pacific coast have lacked. There is a large field for a Western bee- journal, and we wish the present one abun- dant success. COLONIES NOT NECESSARILY QUEENLESS. Every year we get a great lot of letters saying that colonies are queenless because there are no eggs nor brood in the hive. Beginners especially need to be reminded that average queens, especially if they be six months or more old, will taper off in egg- laying during August, and probably stop al- together in September unless they are fed or there is a fall flow of honey. A little careful search will often reveal the queen, although she will look very much smaller than she did in the height of the season, and to the novice she looks much like a woi'ker- bee. WHEN TO WINTER INDOORS AND WHEN TO WINTER OUTDOORS. The question as to whether it will be wise to winter in the cellar or outdoors will de- pend on conditions. A cellar should not be used if the temperature can not be kept from going below 40; and under no circum- stances should one use the indoor method if the temperature outdoors does not go much below freezing, and the bees have an oppor- tunity to fly once in two or three weeks. Continued zero weather outdoors for a month at a time with almost no warm spells requires the indoor method with uniform in- door temperature of about 45 degrees F. If the repository warms up to 60 degrees much ventilation will be required. LOCALITY, AND ITS BEARING ON APICULTU- RAL TEACHINGS. In this issue, in the department of Bee- keeping among the Rockies, will be seen 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 929 several instances showing how locality af- fects teachings and practices current among bee-keepers. For example, in some places there is no advantage in heating a honey- knife in hot water. In other places it great- ly facilitates the work. Again, it is shown that lava soap will re- move the propolis found in one locality but not that from another. But I had not seen any references in the bee-papers that seemed to indicate that propolis was a substance of uniform source. All the text-books, so far as I know, teach the exact opposite. J. B. MASON, THE BEE-KEEPER AND SUPPLY- DEALER AT MECHANIC FALLS, MAINE. There is generally some one person in a locality who has the distinction of being the leading bee-man. To him lesser lights go for instruction and supplies. The man who holds this distinction for the southwestern part of Maine— indeed, I might say for the whole State, and perhaps a great part of New England— is J. B. Mason, of Mechanic Falls. For many years he has made bee- keeping his exclusive business, and lately he has added to it the keeping of supplies. Many suppose that the State of Maine, located as it is in the extreme northeastern part of the country, is too cold for bees; in- deed, it was bitterly cold when I called there last winter, soon after the holidays. As I rode through that snowy country I wondered if it were possible for bees to live through such intense cold. But one can not be with friend Mason long before he is convinced that bee-keeping in that bleak country- bleak only in winters— does thrive. Mr. Mason is pleasantly situated on the Grand Trunk Railway at Mechanic Falls, in the southwestern part of the State. On ar- riving at the station, not having announced the exact date of my visit, I made up my mind to hunt up a liveryman to take me over to Mr. Mason's place; but the driver who was taking me up town to the hotel told me he had just seen Mason, for everybody seem- ed to know him, and he thought I would find him in one of the stores, and I did. I took several photos dui'ing my brief vis- it; but as they had a "froze-up look " about them I asked our friend to have others tak- en in the summer, and these are the ones here shown. His combined shop and store is on the edge of the town, as shown in one of the il- lustrations. He has just loaded up a wagon full of supplies, and is about to deliver them at the depot. He himself will be seen standing in the porch in the front of the building. On the same road, and about two miles out of town, he has a very comforta- ble residence situated on a rise of ground near a beautiful ravine. The residence is shown, with the barn in the rear. Mr. Mason, besides doing considerable business in the way of selling supplies, makes a specialty of selling bees. In the view of the bee-yard he is shown as shaking a lot of bees through a tunnel into a wire- cloth package. He tells me that these pack- ages of bees are taken from a full colony that has a laying queen, and placed in the cellar for about six hours. During this time they become conscious of their utter queen- lessness; and, being broodless and combless as well as queenless, they are in a condition to accept any queen that may be dropped in among them from a mailing-cage, for this is exactly what Mr. Mason does. He has shipped out many packages of bees hav- ing a queen that has been dropped in among them without the formality of an introduc- tion, and he says it is very rare indeed to get a report where the queen has been kill- ed. As she is liable to die any way in some cases, it could not be proven definitely that the bees were responsible for her demise in the rare cases reported. Mr. Mason is a man of pleasant appear- ance, and, notwithstanding he has been so long engaged on the general subject of bees, he can talk as enthusiastically about them as he could when he first began to love them. His wife and family seem to under- stand thoroughly all the details of his busi- ness, and enter heartily into all his plans. DOES PROHIBITION IN MAINE PROHIBIT ? There, I came near forgetting a veiy im- portant fact that I gleaned. As I rode across the border I had forgotten all about the fact that Maine was a prohibition State. At the stations I looked in vain for saloons with their familiar signs and the characteris- tic crowd of loafers, as I am in the habit of do- ing when going through country new to me. I began to wonder. Then it flashed through me that saloons were outlawed in Maine, as they ought to be everywhere. On arriving at Portland late at night I went to one of the leading hotels. I looked all over the place, but there was no indication whatever of a bar. Then I went out on the street, and there seemed to be an entire absence of the rough element that one sees where there are two or three saloons in a block. There were restaurants, of course, but there were no screens and no crowds hanging around as there is around some of our Ohio speak- easies. I have heard many a time that "prohibi- tion does not prohibit in Maine;" of how li- quor is dealt out on the sly; but I did not see any evidence of such dealings, although I am free to admit that there are probably places where "the stuff" is kept, and where the law is violated. The fact is, no law is so absolutely iron-clad and so rigidly enforc- ed that the provisions of it can not be violated to some slight extent. But if all laws were as well enforced as the prohibition law of Maine I should feel that the millen- nium was nigh. I tell you it was a real pleasure to go through the towns and cities of that State. Alack the day when it should ever follow the example of its sister State of Vermont! I hardly think it ever will; for I understand the good people of that com- monwealth are thoroughly sick of their bad bargain. 930 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 t^S^J- ^ '-% Our Symposium on Hoffman Frames. Is this Frame Adapted to the Needs of Every= day Bee=keepers ? Conflicting Opin= ions from Experts. [We have received quite a number of communications on this subject from various subscribers; and, desiring to put all of them together, we have held them till now. The reader is, therefore, in position to get a birdseye view of the whole discussion. As Mr. J. A. Green's ar- ticle came first, we place it at the beginning.— Ed.] DEFECTS OF THE HOFFMAN AS NOW MADE. Can They Be Overcome? The Hoffman-frame Division-board or Follower Not Satisfactory. BY J. A. GREEN. Your editorial on page 641 gives a rather vi^rong impression in regard to my position on the Hoffman-frame question in saying that I believe the frame has inherent defects that might be remedied. In my article in the June Revieiv I said, "Its faults are not inherent or unavoidable. ' ' That is, the prin- ciple of the Hoffman frame is all right, and it is not such a bad frame if it is properly used. In the hands of a careful man who understands the principle on which it works, and will always handle them strictly in ac- cordance with that principle, the Hoffman frame, even as it is made now, will give very satisfactory results in most localities. The trouble is that most bee-keepers are not careful, and will not handle the frame as it must be handled to give good results. Because of this the Hoffman frame is not as well adapted to general use as a frame that will not suft'er as much from neglect. That, in a few woi'ds, is my position in re- gard to the Hoffman frame. I have opened during the present season, as bee-inspector, over two thousand hives having Hoffman frames. It is not too much to say that not ten per cent of them had been kept in proper condition for easy han- dling. Do you wonder that I should like to see the Hoffman frame supplanted by some- thing that is better suited to the methods of the average bee-keeper? Of the hives with plain hanging frames, there was scarcely one that was not in far better shape for easy handling than the average Hoffman. The chief difficulty with the Hoffman frame is that difficulty of getting out the first frame. The principle of the frame re- quires that, at the end of each manipulation, the frames be all crowded close together at one side of the hive. A following-board is crowded up against them, leaving a bee- space between it and the side of the hive. To remove the frames, pry back the follow- er and remove it, which gives room to get out the first frame. The theory is excellent, and in practice it works very well when things are new, if proper care is taken each time to keep the frames crowded together. But the average bee-keeper will not do this. He forgets to crowd up the fram.es. Or per- haps the follower is a little askew, so that, in the very limited space given it, one cor- ner of it touches the side of the hive, or comes near enough to it so that the bees fasten it. Or, as often happens (I might say usually, in the case of old hives), the follower is attached to the first comb by brace-combs or because of a hive out of level. The next time he tries to get it out it can be pulled to pieces before it can be removed. The follower no longer serves its purpose, but has become a nuisance, which is gener- ally torn out and dispensed with or left as it is without any attempt to make use of it. I have inspected large apiaries in every hive of which the follower had been purposely left out. For a little while this works bet' ter; but as propolis and brace-combs accumu- late, the difficulties of handling increase, until getting out the first frame is often an exasperating problem. You complain that I do not indicate what construction of follower would be better. There are three ways in which the follower could be made more substantial. The first is by using longer nails; and the second is by using more nails in making it up. The third (and best) way is by making it of thicker material. It would not so easily get out of shape; it would not be so easily broken, and it would hold nails better and permit of long- er nails. It may seem strange to some that I should lay the fault of insufficient nailing to the manufacturer; but I believe the man- ufacturers generally send out nails for mak- ing them up, and so are at fault if the nails they send are not large enough or numerous enough to nail them up properly. Indeed, I am not sure but the followers are already made up. If this is not the case, it may be that the bee-keeper does not use the right nails, or use all that are sent. However that may be, I do not believe I have ever seen a follower sent out with a Dovetailed hive that was what I call properly nailed, the nails being too few and altogether too small for the service required of them. I might remark parenthetically that the same thing might be said of the frames, or at least of most of them. Many a time I have pulled the top-bar off nearly every frame in the hive before I could get one out, and the bottoms come off if they are in the least stuck to the floor. It is possible that there might be an advantage in twisting a stout piece of annealed wire, about like "stove- pipe "wire, around the ends of the follower. This would certainly make it less liable to pull to pieces. You say it is not possible at this late date to make "the hives wider, so as to allow for a thicker follower or for more space back of it. It seems to me that it is never too 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 931 late to correct a mistake, and it likewise seems to me that you have made a serious mistake which makes an immense amount of trouble, and detracts largely from the value of your hive in allowing so little room for follower and bee-space. A quarter of an inch added to the width of the hive would probably be enough to correct both of these faults, and I can not conceive of any good reason why this should not be done, ex- cept that it might make necessary expensive changes in your machinery or methods of manufacture. To the bee-keeper, even when supers or parts of hives ai-e to be used inter- changeably with those of older manufacture, it would make no practical difference, except the almost impei'ceptible one of looks. If the hive is wider than the super, or vice ver- sa, by only }$ inch on each side, very few would ever notice it unless their attention were specially called to the matter, and it would not make a difference of an ounce of honey in the year's crop, while the saving in time and vexation might be very great. The necessary additional space might be se- cured by making the frames a trifle narrow- er, or by making the sides of the hives thin- ner, but I do not recommend either of these plans. I do not know that I have ever seen any of your latest pattern of followers; but can- dor compels me to say that all of the hives I have been able to recognize as of your manufacture have contained the very flimsi- est followers I have seen. As to followers in ten-frame hives, there are but few of such hives here. I remember one lot of about 35 ten-frame hives that had followers in. As they had been used only one season, they were handled with but little trouble, though I ad- vised the owner to leave them out. It not infrequently happens that the fol- lower is wedged tight against the frames, and wedges and all propolized so thoroughly that it is almost impossible to get any thing out. I do not think that there is an excessive amount of propolis used here — certainly not more than I have been accustomed to elsewhere; and the fact that many, myself included, get along all right with frames having close-fitting ends, shows that propo- lis has nothing to do with my condemnation of the Hoffman frame. I have said that the trouble is not so much with the frame as with the way it is used. I should also in- clude with this the way it is put together. The Hoffman frame should be nailed up so that one Vedge is on each side of the frame. Of those who pay any attention at all to the way they nail them up, perhaps the majori- ty put both sharp edges on the same side. When the proper way is explained to them, these latter say that they expect always to put them back the same way. If they do this, of course it would not make much dif- ference; but they are very liable to get turned around sometimes. Whenever two sharp edges come together they are very li- able to slide past each other, which increases the difficulty of handling. The other eccentricities which inspectors sometimes come across, such as putting frames together without any nails at all, should perhaps not be considered the fault of the frame, though they make more trouble with this frame than with some others. In my criticisms of the Hoffman frame I have tried to be perfectly fair, and at the same time tell the whole truth, for I feel that that is what you want and what the in- terests of bee-keepers require. Grand Junction, Col. WHY THE HOFFMAN FRAME IS POPULAR IN CUBA. It would be quite interesting to know all the reasons why in Cuba mostly all kinds of frames have been gradually discarded by the bee-keepers to give place to the Hoff- man, which, with very few exceptions, we might say is now exclusively used in that island. I have used almost all kinds of frames, and finally decided to adopt entirely the Hoffman for use in my apiaries, which for- merly I used to manage personally. Now being engaged in other business I have to rely almost entirely for the management on outside help under the management of an apiarist. In Cuba it is quite a difficult mat- ter to obtain competent help to work with bees; and especially at extracting time we have to make use of help that is not familiar with the handling of frames. All apiarists should know how difficult it is for such help to space properly the frames back into the hive after they have been extracted. When you have to employ such help, or for a beginner, I do not know of any frame better than the Hoffman, as one might say that it helps it- self to be spaced right. Unless this helper is very careless he is sure to place back and space right the frames if the apiarist has been careful to show him practically once before how to do it. It certainly is a satis- faction to know that all the frames are properly spaced in the hives. A great deal of attention is being given to the inconvenience of the thick top-bar of the Hoffman frame. I have read with in- terest the different opinions of the several writers on this subject; and from my per- sonal opinion, based on my past experience in the handling of the different kinds of frames, I give credit to the thick top-bar for causing fewer buri'-combs. Before I adopted the Hoffman frame I used largely the old-style thin top-bar, and my experi- ence was that in no time the bees invaria- bly had the top-bars of the frames in the lower story so tightly fastened to the bot- tom-bars of the frames in the upper story that a great many bottom-bars broke off when the frames were being taken out for extracting. This was such a nuisance, and caused so much inconvenience, that I would have considered advisable the change of the bottom-bar into a thicker or stronger one. Since the adoption of the Hoffman frame I have no cause for this complaint, although the bottom-bar in the Hoffman frame is not 932 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. OCT. 1 thicker than was the one on the old-style frame I used before. The thickness of the top and bottom bars of the actual Hoffman frames taken together does not really take any more space than the thin top-bar with a thicker bottom-bar would have taken. This last change, if I had made it. would not, probably, have remedied the building of burr-combs between the frames of the lower and upper stories. I would not claim that the Hoffman frames will prevent burr-combs entirely, nor that the reason first given is of the same value to the small or intelligent apiarist that works his bees himself without any assist- ance, as it is to me. In shipping bees I do not know of any other frame that will equal the Hoffman. In Cuba, where the country roads and con- veyances are not of the best, the moving of bees is quite an item to be considered, es- pecially as most bee-keepers, sooner or later, with the fast increase they obtain, have to consider the establishing of apiaries or the selling of bees. Prevention of increase in Cuba soon becomes a problem, and it is not unusual to see an intelligent apiarist increase from a comparatively small number of hives up to the thousand mark. In the last four years I have shipped to different points of the island over three thousand nuclei besides a large number of full colonies of bees, either by steamer, rail, or by carts over rough roads; and in case of either strong colonies or nuclei I have always attained the best result with the Hoffman frame. It requires less work and time to prepare the same for shipment, all that is needed being a small strip nailed across the projecting ends of the frames, and it will remain fastened and better se- cured than any other frame I have used. In fact. I have not had a single comb broken on Hoffman frames, while in the same ship- ment I must say some combs in other kinds of frames broke. I notice that some objection is being raised to the Hoffman frames on account of propolis; but we do not find this objection in Cuba; in fact, apiarists using well-made hives are not really much bothered with propolis. The bees seem to put all their energy into gathering propolis to cover cracks and crevices in the hives; but we do not find any trouble of this kind with the frames. F. H. de Beche. THINKS IT THE BEST FRAME NOW IN USE. Mr. Root:— If I differ with any of your correspondents I give you fair warning that they must give up, for I can't. I presume I am punching up a hornet's nest, but never- theless let us have the plain sohd facts. In 1893 a number of your subscribers, among whom was one Dr. C. C. Miller, ad- vised that the top-bar of the Hoffman frame be made IJ inches wide, and full J inch deep at the sides. Why was that? Simply be- cause a deeper top-bar gave better results by the exclusion of burr-combs, and cut a great figure in lessening brace-combs, or combs built between the top-bars. This was, in my judgment, a step in the right di- rection—that of making the most correct bee-space in which the bees are the least li- able to build comb or deposit propolis. I am sincere when I say that, in my opin- ion, all things combined, the Hoffman frame is by far the best frame now offered to the bee-keeping fraternity. I note in the Bee- keepers' Review that Mr. Williamson says experience fails to apply when it comes to a movable frame. For rapid handling, my ex- perience proves, too, that the Hoffman frame is the best one for rapid handling in pairs of 2, 3, and 4. Mr. Abbott also says that I pronounced the Hoffman frame a humbug ten years ago. If Mr. Abbott is correct in his condemnation of them, then I have to confess that the rank and file of the bee- keepers prefer to be humbugged. It is the strongest frame we have, and destroys the least number of bees, and kills fewer queens while manipulating them. As for hired help in the apiary, I should like to call attention to the fact that we have to hire all kinds of help to do the work with 5900 colonies of bees; and what kind of spacing would take place with frames not self-spacing? With the Hoff- man, one can not do bad spacing. I believe if those who condemn the Hoffman frame so strongly would use nine frames in a ten- frame hive, with two plain division-boards, all trouble would flee like the dew before the sun. Section-cases come off almost as clean, and free from brace-combs, as when put on. The hive can be quickly arranged for ship- ment with the Hoffman frame— no nails to run the uncapping-knife against. All in all, the Hoffman frame has many advan- tages over the disadvantages of self-spacing frames. Give us cold facts, and let us not improve this good frame backward, as have been the bee-smokers. A few more such improvements on smokers as we have had of late, and we practical bee-keepers will be obliged to resort to the old turkey-wing and rag. C. E. Woodward. Guanabana, Cuba. HOFFMAN FRAMES NOT STRONG ENOUGH. On page 694 is the following : ' ' By the way. Hooper Brothers use nothing but Hoffman frames for extracting. Indeed, they con- s'der them far superior to any other. It is a mistaken notion that such frames are not adapted to hot countries, or wide spacing to get fat combs for extracting. The fact that some of the largest producers in the world use them shows that they are not so difficult to handle as those who have not used them extensively suppose." In answer to their style of reasoning, that, because a man is a large producer, he knows just what is best, or the best way to do a thing, I will tell something that happened in Cuba. Extracting was going on at a ranch. One 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 933 of the big bee-keepers from the States, who was on a visit to the island, was there. He came out into the yard, and saw a hive oi)en- ed. The combs were fat and heavy. I'hey were loosened, caught up by the ends, given a shake, and placed in the super on the wheelbarrow. He said, ' ' Is that the way you get bees off the combs? Don't you have a brush at all? You can't do that where I came from." After watching for a short time he said he thought bees could be brush- ed off faster than when shaken. So he got a brush, and the two worked together. The result was, the man that had no brush put two combs into the super on the wheelbar- row to one of the man with the brush. Now, the Hoffman or the Miller self- spacing frame is all right for some bee-keep- ers. They are the ones who remove the bees from the combs with a brush, and take their time in uncapping. But take the Hoff- man fi-ame as it is made to-day. Have seven of them in a ten-framed super. Will they stand a shake that will remove the bees? They do not. Then w^hen it comes to uncap- ping their combs they are fat and heavy. The top-bar is covered with wax. The M^hole comb should be cut down even with the top and bottom bar. The way to get the wax from the top-bar is to strike a quick downward cut with the honey-knife. What is the result? It is, after being shaken a few times they are minus the ends of the top-bar. After being uncapped a few times they are self-spacing no longer. Now, it is not my object to try to change everybody's ideas as to religion, politics, or the style of frame he should use in a hive. The Hoffman frame is all right in its place — that is, for comb honey, and will do for the small producer of extracted honey. Braceville, 111. Leslie Burr. They are the best frames ever made, all things considered. Geo. E. Hilton. Fremont, Mich. HOFFMAN UNIVERSALLY LIKED. Referring to the matter of Hoffman frames, I can't for the life of me see how such in- telligent men as W. Z. Hutchinson, J. A. Green, and others can feel that the Hoffman frame is a nuisance, or even difficult to han- dle. There never was a frame in use that was so universaly liked and used, or one that modernized bee-keeping to the extent that this frame has. This applies particularly to the great mass of bee-keepers, many of them not having the experience of the above- mentioned men. In other words it was and is a God-send to the novice. I have had in use at least 2500 of them at a time, and I would not replace them with any other frame, even if these cost $5.00 per 100, and the oth- er were donated. It sounds too much like "inch strips of foundation in the brood- frames " being better than full sheets. I re- member when this was advocated. No, don ' t change; continue to put them in every hive you send out for me and my customers, and I feel I can safely say for the world, and you will be doing the bee-keepers a favor that will be appreciated by 99 out of every 100. HOFFMAN FAR AHEAD OF IHE UNSPACED. We have been interested in the discussion of the Hoffman frame. We have used it since its introduction, and for convenience in handling we think it far ahead of the unspaced frame. We are not troubled to any great extent with propolis, and so have no complaint to make on that point. From the standpoint of the jobber, we find our sales at least twenty to one in favor of the Hoff- man, leaving the Danzenbaker frame out of ths question. It strikes us that, if the hive- cover question is settled in as satisfactory a manner as the Hoffman does the frame question, we shall have reason to rejoice. Two of its worst features as named by Mr. Somerford on page 489— "broad end-bars," and top-bars so thick that "they place too much wood between the brood and the super for comb honey"— have advantages that more than counterbalance. We can hardly believe that manufacturers and dealers could force an unsatisfactory article on the un- willing buyer. There is no cemetery larger than that of ' ' improved bee-hives ' ' and things kindred. These bear evidence of a bee-keeping public that won't be forced. M. H. Hunt & Son. Bell Branch, Mich. TRANSFERRED FROM LOOSE FRAMES INTO HOFFMAN. Mr. Root:— You wish me to state briefly my experience with the ordinary loose thin- top Langstroth frame as compared with the Hoffman. I should not want to use the or- dinary loose thin-top Langstroth frames any more at any price. We transferred several hundred colonies out of these frames on to Hoffman frames the past spring. As we do not have very much propolis here we think that the Hoffman frame would suit us better with a long top-bar and square edges to the eni-bars instead of the V edge. Denver, Col. F. Rauchfuss. Hoffman frames are all right for me. I took out frames this spring that had not been moved for three years, and had no trouble with them. Edward Wilson. Whittemore, Mich. [I thought at one time, as I was a manu- facturer of supplies, that I would take no part in the discussion; but some questions ai'e raised that call forth some answer. At the risk of being accused of grinding my own ax I will attempt to state the manufactur- ers' side of the matter. As I understand Mr. Green, the leader on the negative side of this question, the prin- c:ple of the Hoffman frame is all right, and in the hands of a careful bee-keeper it will give very satisfactory results in most locali- ties; that it suffers from neglect and niis- use, and, in his opinion, the old hanging frame will suffer less from such neglect. 934 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 J. B. MASON.— SEE EDITORIAL, J. B. mason's store and shop; wagon loaded with supplies to go to the depot. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 935 J. B. MASON S APIARY. J. B. mason's residence. 936 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 and therefore give more satisfactory results to the careless user. Queer how differently we look at these things! Before I introduced the Hoffman fi-ame (and I suppose I had a good deal to do with it) I was very much disgusted to see how the average bee-keeper spaced the un- spaced frame of the Langstroth type. In dozens of yards that I visited some 1.5 years ago I found in many cases the regular Lang- stroth or Simplicity frames were spaced all the way from two inches from center to cen- ter clear jam up together, leaving the frames or combs in actual contact, and all built together. The farmer bee-keepers and others who did not keep posted almost in- variably had their loose frames spaced in such a way they could not be removed with- out removing the whole set; and then such a mess! And then, too, I found that there was not one in ten that knew how far to space the frames apart, and so most of them guessed at it. Such unequal spacing, bulged combs, and thin ones, led me to favor some sort of self-spacing frame that could not possibly be spaced too close; and when I saw the Hoffman frame in use, and how, in the hands of the careless and indifferent, they were spaced evenly— combs like boards— I became convinced that a frame that could not be spaced too closely, like the Hoffman, must be far better than one that could be jammed up against its mate. As will be seen by the testimony offered by several of the writers in this symposium, actual expe- rience in some instances at least seems to bear out the opinion that I formed in the early nineties. Note, for example, what Mr. F. E. de Beche says regarding the adapt- ability of the Hoffman frame to the incom- petent help he has to put up with in Cuba. I suppose that, if there is any place in this wide world where one will meet with poor help, it is in Cuba. Then note what Mr. Woodward says in the next to the last para- graph in his article. Next see what Mr. Geo. E. Hilton has to say. I will admit that the division-boards as originally sent out with the Hoffman frames were defective; but for the last three or four years the Root Co., at least, has made a board that is quite different from the first ones. While the new board was designed with special reference to strength and facili- ty in removing, I think perhaps it can be improved and yet go in the hives as now without changing width. We will give the matter our careful consideration. Shall we make thehive wider to accommo- date a slightly thicker follower? I do not suppose it would be possible to lay before one not a manufacturer the exacting de- mands made by bee-keepers generally on the supply-manufacturer, and I give it up; l)ut I will say this: When we have made slight changes in the style of hives or supers already in use, we have called down on our heads all kinds of complaints, not to say abuse. While friend Green would not object to having a brood-nest slightly wider than the super, there are hundreds of bee-keep- ers who would make a big scold. It is, therefore, better, in my opinion, to use one less frame, and use two followers, as sug- gested by Mr. Woodward; or, better still, construct a follower that will go in the pres- ent space that will be stronger than any sent out yet. About the question of the number and size of nails, the bee-keeper can hardly complain that he does not have enough. We furnish more than enough of nails as large as the material will permit to make good solid nail- ing. In the case of the division-boards, the nails are long enough to go clear through and clinch, except in two places, and have been so for years. The nails are not put up in little packages— just .enough for division- boards, and just enough for something else. They are put up in several large packages; and if one follows the printed directions he can not very well go wrong. If one is so careless as not to nail up even Hoffman frames, he will be equally careless with the Langstroth or any other style of frame. If there are very many people out your way, friend Green, like this, I don't wonder that they make bad work in the hive. If you will send in their names we will be tempted to give them free tuition to Correspondence Course in Bee-keeping. Such people need a little "educating." I am glad that Mr. Green has introduced this subject, for no doubt much good will come from the discussion. There are no appliances made yet but that will bear some improvement. Honest criticism from honest men always paves the way for im- provement, and the manufacturer who will give them (the criticisms) fair hearing may profit by it; and the one who is so egotistic as to think his wares are "good enough" may get left in the race. — Ed.] THE MILLER NAIL-SPACED FRAME. Nails vs. Staples ; Splints for Staying Founda- tion. BY DR. C. C. MILLER. There seems to be an impression in the minds of some that the Miller frame differs in nothing from frames already listed in the catalogs except that nails are used as spac- ers. The nails are by no means the chief difference; indeed, staples are used as well as nails, the staples being used for end- spacing. One feature of the frame is that the same width, li inches, prevails through- out—top-bar, bottom-bar, and end-bars all being the same in width. Except for the saving of lumber I know of no reason for having the bottom- bar or the end-bars any narrower than the top-bar. When end-bars or bottom-bars are further apart than \ inch, the bees sometimes build past them or between them. With the \- inch space this does not happen. A possible objection to so- wide a bottom-bar is that the dead bees in winter do not so readily drop down through the J-inch space. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 937 The top-bar is the regular thing, li wide and i thick, with the usual kerf for founda- tion and another kerf for the wedge. End-bars ai*e IJ, wide and | thick. The extra rigidity pays well for the extra thick- ness. Besides, it will not split with the spacing-nails. The bottom-bar is in two parts, each \ in. wide and \ inch thick. That allows a space of ^ inch between the two parts to receive the foundation. Foundation is cut to fill the frame entirely full, and enough more in depth to allow the foundation to pass up into the kerf of the top-Joar and down between the two parts of the bottom-bar. Five splints, iVX/g, im- DR. MILLER S NAIL-SPACED FRAME. bedded vertically in the foundation, prevent sagging. It does one's eyes good to look at one of these frames built entirely out on all sides, with never a pop-hole along the bot- tom-bar. But if such a frame of founda- tion be given to the bees at a time when little is doing, they amuse themselves by digging the foundation away at the bottom. The end-spacing is the regular Medina af- fair—staples driven into the end-bars imme- diately under the top-bar, and the ends of top-bar cut short. I know of nothing better. For side-spacing I use common nails be- cause I can't get the nails I'd like. The nails are driven in by a gauge, allowing them to project \ inch. You ask, Mr. Editor, how I get around the difficulty of the nails punching into the wood or pushing further into the side of the frame to destroy exact spacing. Look at the nail I inclose (if I don't forget it). That head is \ inch across, and you couldn't crowd frames together with enough force to make that head sink into the wood of the next frame. Indeed, so wide a head is unnecessary. Some that I have in use are ^-^ across, which is better. Now compare that nailhead with a staple. There is probably ten to twenty times as large a surface on that nailhead as on the end of the staple at the point of contact. In conversation with Mr. Morley Pettit, he was favoring the staple, if I understood him correctly, and I asked him if the head of the staple never sank into the wood of the ad- joining frame. He frankly said it did. The nailhead does not. Just try pushing that head into the softest pine you can find. Will not the nail be driven deeper into the wood when the frames are crowded hard to- gether? Hold that nail beside a staple, and see which you think would be driven in with greater ease. The nail is i inch thick, I be- lieve, and the galvanizing doesn't give it a smooth surface to drive in easily. Of about 5000 nails in use, I think I have known just two to be driven in any deeper, and they were driven away in. The wood was split, I think, in one case, possibly in the other. The only wonder is that the wood doesn't split oftener. The ideal nail would be one with a head \ inch deep, so that it would be driven in automatically the right depth, in which case a lighter nail could be used. I am not longing for a nail of that kind as much as formerly, for the nails I now use have stood the crowding-together of the frames for several years, and hard crowding at that. But I think I'd be happier if I could get the right kind of nails. Four nails are in each frame. Hold the frame up before yoi>, and two are on the side next you at the eft end; two on the op- posite side at the right end. The upper nails are in the top-bar a little above the center; the lower ones in the end-bars, 21 inches from the bottom. Can you get fixed distance with smaller impinging surface? Marengo, 111. [I do not know that I ever raised the question that the nailheads themselves would punch into the wood of the opposing frame; but I did say something to the efi'ect that the other end of the nail might be forced in- to the wood still further, destroying the exact spacing; but that argument is entirely set aside by your actual experience, which is always woi-th tons of theory. The staple has two legs, and each of the legs is barbed. As between the staple and the nail punching into the wood, I do not suppose there would be any diff"erence; so I think we may as well brush aside for all time this objection. But, doctor, you have not alluded to the one fatal objection of the nails and nail- heads to the extracted-honey producer. They, as a genei-al rule, on account of the uncapping, prefer to dispense with all kinds of spacing devices; and even the wooden projections on the Hoff'man frames are not looked on with much favor by many of that class of honey-producers. Your nail would catch an uncapping-knife, especially so many of them, woi'se than any spacer in use. You talk nail-spacing to an extracted-honey man, and you might as well throw a red rag be- fore a bull. Well, the staple is not quite so bad, be- cause it has a rounded edge. Then, more- over, it permits of the frame sliding into position better than a nailhead, which has a tendency to hook or catch on to the next frame. This is not mere theory, but the re- sult of observation and experience I have had with the two kinds of spacing, when I was experimenting with the idea of selecting 938 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 one or the other for those who could not tolerate the Hoffman frame on account of the excess of propolis in localities like yours. Now, having said this much, I am prepared to believe that, for your locality, I should like your frame, for the production of comb honey exclusively, as well as any thing I know of. I am inclined to think your plan of stay- ing up foundation by means of splints is ex- cellent. I will confess I did not enthuse very much over it when you first introduced it, believing it were better to await the re- sults of your years' experience. That you continue to look upon it with favor, and that the bees do not gnaw away the comb along the wood to any great extent during a dearth of honey, as I understand they do not, are points worthy of our careful consideration. But even then the wire will have the advan- tage of holding the comb a little more se- curely for extracting and for shipping, be- cause it is attached to the frame; and it would take a fearful slam or bang to dis- lodge a comb from the frame — so strong as practically to smash the frame itself. Ex- tracting-combs, as I know from observation in California, and as I know in shipping bees, are subjected to some severe strains, and perhaps the only possible objection that may still stand against the wooden splints is this one. I am well aware of the fact that you are a producer of comb honey, and that your argument is that it is better for yon to use what is best adapted to that specialty. But if you were like some bee-keepers, and in some localities, you would find it necessary to use a frame that you could use inter- changeably for extracting and for comb- honey purposes. —Ed. HOW TO' DISINFECT HIVES. I have an opportunity to purchase a party's bees and outfit, including several empty L. hives. There is no evidence of disease in the hives now occupied, but the empty hives vuiy contain germs of untold horrors. Would dipping these hives in a strong boiling solu- tion of concentrated lye, as described in the ABC, for removing propolis, destroy, for instance, foul-brood germs? I have read somewhere on the subject of "Uniting," that, if both colonies be liberal- ly sprinkled with sweetened water to which sufficient extract of peppermint has been added to give a strong odor, all conflict would bejavoided. Is there any merit in this claim? Geo. McAllister. Mayf air, Jills., Sept. 6. [Strong lye would hardly be suitable for disinfecting the hives. Your better way is to smear the inside of each hive a little with coal oil, touch a match to it, and, just as soon as the inside of the hive is blackened (not charred), clap the cover on, but the cover should be scorched in the same way. A more convenient method is to hold the hive over a bonfire with a long pole, exposing the entrance to the flame. When the inside of the hive just begins to take fire, dash about a gill of water in and clap the cover on. This will check the fire instantly. Peppermint is sometimes used for uniting. With ordinary pure Italians, nothing need be used, and, generally speaking, I would unite any colony, whether hybrid or Italian, by putting them together. If they fight, smoke them a little. — Ed.] THIN TIN as a MIDRIB FOR COMB FOUNDA- TION. Can not very thin tin be used for founda- tion instead of wax, and a coating of wax be put on it? It would be much stronger, and not liable to break. I have to confess that I am not smart enough to extract the honey without breaking the comb. I used founda- tion the size of the frame, and wired it; but before I get up speed enough to throw the honey out, the comb is ruined by breaking. A. H. Frank. Red House, N. Y., Sept. 12. [About 35 years ago our Mr. A. I. Root tested tin as a base or midrib for foundation. He even went so far as to run a thin grade of metal called "taggers' tin" through an old foundation-mill. He coated it with wax, and gave it to the bees. He secured combs, but found the expense of the product was altogether prohibitive, and no better than ordinary foundation sustained by means of wire at a mere fraction of the cost of the tin backing. It actually used more wax, and was colder for the bees. Then Moses Quinby, before A. I. R., had what might be called all-metal combs. This field has been gone over thoroughly, not only by A. I. Root, but by hundreds of bee-keepers; and the general consensus of opinion has been that there is no better way to stay foundation than by the use of wire or wooden splints, as recommended by Dr. C. C. Miller. -Ed. WHY THE COLONY DIDN'T BUILD CELLS WHEN MADE QUEENLESS. Will bees start queen-cells at this time of year? I took a queen out of a hive, and left it six days so I could get some royal jelly to start some queen-cells; but they never start- ed one. What must I do to get the bees to start queen-cells at this time of year? Alto, Mich. Oscar Smith. [You do not say whether there was any brood of the right age from which cells could be started at the time you removed the queen. Queens are apt to stop laying during the latter part of August and the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 939 late fall months. It is possible there was nothing in the hive from which the bees could build cells. If there are no eggs or brood of any kind the colony should be fed a little every day for about a week. This would probably start the queen to laying, then vou could remove her and get cells. — Ed.]^ red-clover bees. On page 656 G. M. P. asks Dr. Miller if it is possible to get bees that would work on red clover. I have had the red-clover bees for two years, and they have worked red clover both years. It was when white clo- ver was in full bloom all around, and yield- ing honey, that I saw them on the red clo- ver. I had five acres of alsike in full bloom at the same time. They will work red clo- ver without any doubt. I have seen them shove their heads down into the blossom, and just stay there and drink; but I don't claim that they can get all the honey there is in red clover; but they can get part of it. All the fault that I have to find with them (and that is not a bad fault) is this: If you give them plenty of super room and a wide entrance they are not apt to swarm. I have had but one natural swarm in two years. All the way I can get increase is to resort to the " shook-swarm " remedy. I got my start of red-clover bees from .J. P. Moore, of Morgan, Ky. I have been thinking that, if I could find a golden queen whose bees would work red clover, I would cross them with my bees to avoid in-breeding. My neighbors have been telling me that they have seen my bees on their red clover. One man told me there were so many bees on his red clover while he was cutting it for hay that they bothered his horses. I believe ev- ery bee-keeper ought to breed from the longest-tongued bees that can be found. Velpen, Ind. W. T. Daveson. DOES A QUEEN MATE MORE THAN ONCE? This question is important to those who v/ish their purely bred queens to be purely fertilized once for all, with no risk of a future spurious progeny. I would add my testi- mony to that of those who have known a queen to go out for mating, and return with apparent signs of success, and then to re- peat the performance after a few days' in- terval. For many years I have looked into this matter, and my records show several instances of this second mating, or what Mr. Whitney, p. 550, calls "copulation with- out fertilization." And now, while your correspondents have been discussing this question I have had another instance of the same thing. Prof. Phillips says, p. 286, it is necessary ' ' to get down by the hive every afternoon dur- ing the time of flight, and stay there until the queen is seen to fly and return." That is just what I did not have to do. Instead, I watched the queen from the time she came out of her cell until her final departure, many times each day, and sometimes at night; and the result was similar to what I had seen before. May 30, 9 p. M. — Fine dark queen appears. June 2, 12 M. —Queen shows great activity; follows a crowd of young bees to the exit, looks out, and retires. June 3. — Bees begin to encircle and caress the queen. After an hour of excitement she took flight about 1 P. M., and in ten minutes returned with no evidence of success. An hour later she went to the exit but did not vepture forth outside. June 5. —Queen made flights at 12, 1, 2, and 3, being absent from ten to twenty min- utes, the last time returning with a small appendage which the bees removed in half an hour. The substance came away entire. June 6. —Queen takes another outing, and came back no more. In very many cases of successful mating I have noted always that, as Baron von Ber- lepsch puts it, "the signs of copulation stand far out. ' ' (By all means see Lang- stroth, p. 126, note — I do not find the pas- sage in Dadant. ) But in these cases of un- successful mating, the appendage, although conspicuous, is much smaller than in the for- mer cases, and is speedily plucked away by the bees instead of being gradually and wholly absorbed. Whether a queen, after due impregnation, and after beginning to deposit eggs in the cells, ever finds it necessary to take anoth- er mating-flight, is a different question, ad- mitting of no mere theory or guesswork, but calling for accux-ate and repeated observa- tion to establish a fact. Meanwhile, there is no occasion for anxiety; for if a queen's wings are clipped she can not elope, and we may trust that our favorite strain of bees will continue uncontaminated until the scientists shall have discovered or invented some pro- cess of mating within the hive. Hopkinsville, Ky. Daniel F. Savage. ONE FAULT TO FIND WITH THE FENCE SEP- ARATOR; FOUL-BROODY HONEY NOT DISINFECTED BY BOILING. One fault of the fence separator is the fastening of the cappings of the sections to the cleats on the fences; and when a fence is taken out the capping is broken, and leak- ing results. I think if the cleat were nar- rower so it would not overlap the sections, it would not happen so much. I have fought foul brood for five years past, and kept my bees (my neighbors' bees are gone), and I have experimented several times with foul-broody honey. I first put the combs through the wax-extractor, and then boiled the honey and fed it back, and every colony so fed became diseased again, while those fed sugar syrup were healthy. Inspector France tells about cleaning up 200 colonies, feeding back the honey, and having bees to work again with the loss of only un- hatched brood; but how many of those 200 remained healthy he does not say. I say, shake foul-broody colonies early in the first honey-flow, or feed sugar syrup and shake 940 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 all diseased colonies in rotation at one job, and do not skip about the yard treating sep- arate colonies perhaps a week apart. Get things ready, and do the job all together till the disease is under. If a colony goes wrong, shake it and render combs into wax. The wax, when made into foundation, I have no fear of; but the honey, I am satisfied, is bad to feed back. W. S. CoMRiE. Johnstown, N. Y., July 25. [Once in a great while we get reports of combs built to the posts of fence separators. This difficulty sometimes occurs in some lo- calities and with some methods of manage- ment. If the hives are very much crowded for room the bees will do this somewhat; but, after all, we have had many reports of comb attachments from sections to old-style wooden separators. We have had several reports of how dis- eased honey, after being boiled, transmitted the disease again to colonies to which it was fed. Inspector France is an experienced foul-brood man, and probably realizes the very great importance of boihng the honey thoroughly, and for a sufficient length of time to disinfect it. Ten minutes' boiling has not been sufficient to kill the germs, in some reports we have had, while an hour's boihng is usually deemed sufficient. A good deal will depend on how the boiling is done, and very possibly Mr. France can accomplish the work of disinfection in a few minutes. — Ed.] new methods of curing foul brood not successful. I have been trying George E. Hinckley's plan of curing foul brood, but with no suc- cess. The spraying seems to keep the dis- ease in check, is all. I also fumigated combs, and gave to a healthy colony; but the disease appeared at once on comb given. I followed Weber's directions. For a fumigat- ing-box I used a wooden skeleton covered with soldered tin, with small door under- neath. It is surely tight enough. See Hinckley's article in Dec. 1st issue, and p. 1014, 1903. You will notice Mr. Haines cures black brood, but says nothing about curing foul brood by the fumigating process .1 think I'll try the old plan of curing it next year. Do the decayed larvae still retain the sticky character after being fumigated? Those I tried did. F. W. Morgan. De Land, 111., Aug. 5. [Decayed larvae, so far as I know, will still retain the sticky character after being fumigated. We should be glad to hear from you further as to whether the formalin method of disinfection proves satisfactory. — Ed.] SAINFOIN AS A HONEY AND HAY PRODUCER. I quite agree with Mr. Adrian Getaz, page 752. Sainfoin deserves all that he has said of it. It is largely grown in England for hay; and if the land is suitable, very large crops are obtained; and as it roots deeply in the soil it stands a drouth better than most crops grown for hay. Sainfoin yields a large amount of most excellent honey; in fact, many prefer it to white-clover honey, and it seldom or never fails. The second crop comes at a time when there is little else for the bees to gather from. In Eng- land it is more universally grown than lu- cerne, or alfalfa, as it is called in the United States. I feel sure if some of your readers would try an acre or two of sainfoin they would be pleased with the result. Being a perennial, when once established it lasts for years if a little top dressing is given occasionally. John M. Hooker. Philadelphia, Pa. EXCELSIOR TO KEEP BEES FROM DROWNING IN BEE-FEEDERS. At the close of the season there are always more or less colonies which are short of stores ; and under the circumstances the apiarist must supply the necessary food for such colo- nies. For the past few years I have been trying different feeders and various methods of feeding, finally purchasing a lot of tin pans holding about five pounds of feed which I set in the upper story above the brood- frames. After filling I take a fair-sized bunch of excelsior (new and clean) spread- ing it over the pan and around the sides so bees can have easy access to the feed. By this method you can refill the pan without re- moving the excelsior, and feed any amount with scarcely any bees drowning or loss of feed caused through leakage in using wood- en feeders. When through feeding remove the pans; tier them up, and place them in a remote place for further use. This does away with cloth or floats to keep bees from drowning, and is quick as well as economical. Akron, O., Aug. 30. A. T. Halter. [This is a most excellent suggestion. As soon as the feed is consumed, more can be poured right into the pan, and there would be no danger of drowning the bees. I will endeavor to have this idea incorporated in a future edition of our A B C of Bee Cul- ture.—Ed.] KEROSENE FOR BEE-STINGS ; ALSIKE HONEY. I saw on page 708 that kerosene is good for robbing. It is also the very best medi- cine for bee-stings that I have ever tried. In Gleanings I have read all sorts of praise of alfalfa as a honey-producer; also white or German clover; but I never read any praise of alsike. With us it beats white clover, and makes a finer grade of honey. Of course, the largest flow of honey we have is from buckwheat and goldenrod. We get about 2 lbs. of this to one of clover and bass- wood. Myron B. Wollpert. Blanchard, Mich., July 27. [Never read any mention of alsike ? That is probably because you are not an old read- er of bee-papers. Some years ago our col- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 941 umns were filled with it; and even in the last year or so we have had articles speak- ing of it very highly. That alsike is one of the best honey-plants in the world has come to be so generally accepted that very little is said about it. —Ed.] 1. How long is it after a swarm goes out before the young queen is ready to take her wedding-flight? 2. Is the Carniolan any different from the common black bee? If so, where do they come from? 3. Can a worker queen usually go through a queen-excluder? H. R. McGarrah. Hanna City, 111. [1. No definite rule can be given here, as a good deal would depend on conditions; but, generally speaking, the young queen would be ready to take her flight within four or eight days. If she hatched about the time the swarm came forth, and had been held back in the cell, she might fly within three or four days. 2. The Carniolans, to the casual ob- server, would look about the same as the common black bees of this country. They are a little different, however, and quite dif- ferent in characteristics. They are gentler, generally very quiet, being very much like the Italians. Their bodies are more of the bluish cast rather than of the brown. They came from Carniola, Austria. 3. By " worker queen " you mean fertile or laying worker, probably. There is no reason why such queens could not go through perforated metal the same as any bees. — Ed.] an interesting case of foundation. Some time ago I got some foundation from America; and on giving full sheets to my bees they drew out the fine cells which I afterward found contained nothing but drones. On half-sheets being given they drew out the foundation into drone-cells, and pieced out the i-est of the space with cells * smaller, which hatched out into work- ers all right. I enclose a small piece of foundation, of the bees' own manufacture, to show the size of cell. What gets me is that the queen-excluder is just right. I have watched the young ones hatch out, and they are much smaller, it seems, than the adults. Do you think this is the solution, that they grow, after hatching out, to the size of the American bee? Would the introduction of an American queen get over the difficulty by enlarging the species so as to get a bee that would take kindly to the American foundation, al- though at the beginning the first batch would have to be hatched in the old (small- er cell) comb? or would it require a swarm from America? Geordy. Shanghai, China, July 8. [We have examined the samples of foun- dation that you have sent to us. The natu- ral comb base which your bees made shows six cells to the inch, while worker bees of this country require five cells to the inch. It is not much wonder that your bees were confused and reared drone brood on the reg- ular foundation having five cells to the inch; nor is it strange that they should piece out the cornb with smaller cells. It is evident the ordinary foundation will not answer for your bees. — Ed.] A SWARM THAT WOULDN'T STAY HIVED; NOT ROBBING BUT PLAYING. My bees played for me a peculiar freak in June last. One colony swarmed. I fixed them up nicely (as I thought) for house- keeping, and went about my work, about 10' A. M. At 4 p. M. I saw all going back, to the old hive; in three days they came out again. I hived them again, and again they came out and alighted close to where they had settled before. I tried to hive them again, but they would not stay, and finally they went away. What was the cause? About a month after this, the colony'that these went from I discovered in great com- motion—more so, if possible, than when they swarmed. I thought they were being rob- bed. I closed the entrance to enable them to ward off the intruders. In a few min- utes they had all settled down as quietly as though nothing had been occurring, and re- mained so. What did that mean? Some three days later I observed the'same actions on the part of bees that^I had'hived about four weeks before. Connersville, Ind. John T. White. [Bees bent on swarming will sometimes: cut up peculiar freaks. No explanation'can be offered. — Ed.] A FLAT HONEY-KNIFE HANDLE. It is important to have a flat honey-knife handle. Put the knife in the vise, and plane the handle half oval or flat. Whittle it with a jack-knife. It is the best thing I have discovered lately. W. L. Coggshall West Groton, N. Y. [I believe this suggestion is a most excel- lent one; but our friend did not specify whether that flatness was to be on a plane parallel with the blade of the knife or at a right angle to it. We as manufacturers can just as well have the handles flattened 'as. round; but before making any change we should be glad to get expressions from" bee- keepers on this point. —Ed.] A DIFFERENCE IN THE GRADING-RULES. Would it not be well if the bee-papers, in printing the rules for grading comb honey, would use the same wording throughout? By comparing the grading-rules in Glean- ings and Review I find quite a difference. For instance, in regard to "Fancy," Glean- ings says, "All the cells sealed except an occasional cell, ' ' while the Review says, ' ' All the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. ' ' The Review claims to give the 942 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 Washington grading-rules. Gleanings is supposed to give the same, but does not say so. Why this difference? and which set of rules is the producer to follow in order to be certain that his grading will not be re- jected by the buyer? Please, Messrs. Editors, put your heads together and come to an agreement on this point, so that the producer may pick up any bee-paper which comes handiest, and look at the rules without puzzling his brain about whether they are right or wrong. Grading is often a difficult job, and should not be made more difficult by conflicting rules. Wm. Muth-Rasmussen. Independence, Cal., Aug. 31. [Several years ago it was suggested that a slight change in the Washington grading would improve it. We made the change, ; nd supposed it was also made by the other bee-papers. What the reasons were for Tnaking the change I can not now recall, 'i'hose who were responsible for it will please Ijt us hear from them. — Ed.] now TO MOVE BEES A SHORT DISTANCE AND HAVE THEM STAY. I have a colony to move about four blocks. How would you move them without losing some of them? Floyd Smith. Aurora, Neb. [To move bees a short distance in the warm time of the year, shut them up in the hive, take them down cellar or to any cool place, and keep them for four or five days; but in doing so make very sure they do not smoth- er. The entrance should be covered with wire cloth, and possibly the top of the hive, the amount of wire cloth to be used all de- pending upon the strength of the colony. At the end of the period of confinement, put the bees upon permanent location. A very few of them may go back ; such as do may be collected on a frame of brood and carried to the new location, when they will probably stay for good. — Ed.] FRIEND SALISBURY SENDS A FURTHER RE- PORT IN REGARD TO HIS OLDSMOBILE. My auto still goes, but it is a little more expensive than it was, for I have had to have one extra tire costing $17.00 with inner tube. It runs much stiller than when you were here last winter. Our folks can not tell when I go out or when I come in. I just received a letter from Mr. Doolittle inquiring about gasoline. I can get it de- livered at my door for 12>4 cents. He had about 30 gallons that we purchased for him, together with 5 gallons he got separately. He still has 15 gallons, so he does not ride very much. I have used in the same time about 50 gallons. The set of dry batteries that came with the machine lasted till July 1, this year, and carried me all told about £000 miles. I think they did extremely well. I have placed in a new set costing me 11 cts. each, or 88 cts. for the 8 cells. I have figured up the cost of running, and so far it has cost me IJ cts. per mile, not counting the depreciation. I have had no trouble to amount to any thing, with the exception of tire troubles. The tires are a nuisance. They puncture too easily. If they could only get up some kind of wooden tire that would stand the hard knocks I should be one of the first to use them. I don't like to repair tires that have been running in the mud, manure, etc. I can stand grease better than this, though I don't like that any too well. Syracuse, N. Y. F. A. Salisbury. POISONED (?) HONEY FROM COTTON, AGAIN. I note an inquiry in Gleanings, page 811, August 15, regarding poisoned cotton killing bees or poisoning honey. I keep a few bees and raise cotton, and poison it almost every year, but I don't find any dead bees or poi- soned honey. Cotton blooms in the morn- ing. The bloom is white. In the evening the bloom closes, and drops off next day. Cotton poisoned after 4 P.M. can't possibly hurt bees. Any cotton-planter v/ill tell you that. " Sam. A yard. Hawthorn, La., Aug. 20. stings a cure for rheumatism. I see in Gleanings, Aug. 1, W. W. Rich speaks of stings for rheumatism as a hoax. My wife suffered for several years with rheumatism in arms, hands, and shoulders. Last year she worked with me in my bee- yard, and of course got stung; also this sum- mer, and now she is almost entirely cured. I feel sure it was the poison of the stings that cured her; and I can further say that I am not acquainted with any bee-man or wo- man who has rheumatism. Southwold, Ont. F. W. Edmonds. [We shall be glad to get reports from oth- ers regarding the bee-sting cure. —Ed.] Dear to our hearts is the busy bee (Of course, for she brings us the honey) ; Fleet to our sight is her airy flight (But her sting isn't quite so funny). Busy indeed from morn till eve. Never a moment stopping; I wonder if, like the daughters of eve. She has an idea she is shopping. Over the apple-tree bloom she flits, And her hum of content— oh, hark it! But the best of it all is, the sweet she gets We'll soon be sending to market. And now, busy workers, the eve has come; Rest from your toil and labor. While I in content, with the cash you've brought. Can chat with my next-door neighbor. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 943 OUR HOIS4ES, BY A.I. ROOT. The fear of the Lord prolonsethdays; but the years of the wicked shall be shortened. — Prov. 10 :27. I suppose some people would smile if I should suggest that those who remember the sabbath daj'^ to keep it holy would live longer, as a rule, than those who either pay no attention to the sabbath or make it a day of visiting and seeking amusement. I have already spoken of the frequency of accidents and death on God's holy day; and for some time back I have been noting how the news- papers generally carefully avoid mentioning the fact that certain accidents and sudden deaths occur on Sunday. They give the day of the month without mentioning the day of the week. If the catastrophe occurs on week days they almost invariably give the day of the week. I suppose the explanation is something like this. The friends of the boy who was drowned go to the editor and say, "Please do not mention that it happen- ed on Sunday. Just give the day of the month, and but few people will notice that it was Sunday. You see it looks a little bad to have it given right out in print that he was off with a crowd boating or bathing on Sunday; and it would be better, under the circumstances, to avoid caUing attention to the fact." I do not know that this is always true, but I think it must be, because where the ex- cursion comes off without any mishap most of the papers simply say "last Sunday." As the greater part of our great city dai- I'es are now exhorting for better morals in i-lmost every direction, I have wondered that they did not come out with more pro- tests against Sunday desecration. The Cleveland Leader comes pretty near hitting the spot in the following editorial which I have just clipped: It is true, as it is inexplicable, that the first day of the week, our Christian sabbath, is notable in newspaper circles for its record of violent deaths. Monday's paper, chronicling- the events of the preceding day, bristles with tragedies by water, by fire, by explosion, by acci- dents on railroads, in fact. l)y scores of common or un- usual roads to the grave. Yesterday's paper was par- ticularly marked in the regard referred to. You will notice the above cHpping was taken from a Tuesday paper. The last sen- tence refers to the record of accidents of the day before. They record the sad fact as " inexpUcable;" but if they would reflect a little I think they might find a great lot of facts by way of explanation; and it is my purpose just now to mention some of them. If we go into any community and sort out or sift out the persons who have little or no respect for the sabbath, you will not only have an ignorant lot, but a vicious lot. A man in our town wanted to run his billiard saloon all night and Sunday. The ministers of our place remonstrated, and their remon- strances were effectual. In talking the mat- ter over with one of our principal divines— a man of education and culture— this fellow said something like this: "I do not go a on your Sunday." Of course, he put in a bad oath where I have placed the blank. Now, he meant that, so far as he was con- cerned, he had no sort of regard for Sun- day, even if the laws of our land besides the feelings of Christian people respected it. Probably his religion consisted in making all the money he could by hook or crook, and looking out for No. 1. t suppose there are not very many who would go to such length as he did, especially in using such language to a minister of the gospel. But there are scores of people in every community who would as soon go to an excursion, circus, or theater on Sunday as any other day — per- haps a little sooner, because they then, as a rule, have more time. Well, is" it not true and reasonable to believe that a crowd made up of such people would have fights or brawls, and accidents and wrecks of some kind? Just last Sunday, Sept. 18, there was an Italian picnic in" Cleveland. Right in front of the band, where the biggest crowd was congregated, somebody exploded a bomb, killing two people instantly, and wounding a lot of others. Two explanations of the mat- ter have been given. One is that an opposi- tion Italian band had a spite against this one. The other is that some stupid idiot placed it there and lighted the fuse as a joke. Next Sunday the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Co. makes a very low rate all along its line to Wheeling, W. Va. They not only give remarkably low rates for this Sunday excursion, but at the bottom of one of the bills that was put up in our factory they hold out the following inducements to have people join the crowd: " Vaudeville show, band concert, bowling, roller coast- er, rnerry-go-round, and numerous other amusements." I mention this particularly, because it is the first time I remember to have seen a no- tice of a vaudeville show and band concert, merry-go-rounds, etc., operated on Sunday. Is this within the limit of the laws of our State and of the United States? or have our people got to such a standpoint that they trample the law underfoot? Some time ago in a conference with a num- ber of railroad men they expressed a strong desire to be relieved of the Sunday-excursion business. They said they consented to it only under strong pressure, and that railroad employees were against it, and the railroad officials. I have heard this several times since. If this is true, who is it that is right down at the bottom of these Sunday excur- sions? Now, I would not undertake to make any long-range predictions in regard to the weather; but I think I can pretty safely pre- dict (on short range) that there will be death or accident next Sunday at Wheeling. A few days ago the younger people per- suaded me to go down to Cleveland to see the automobile races. I objected on several grounds. I do not believe in contests of any kind; I do not believe in strife; and I am al- so opposed to running automobiles at a speed that endangers the life of the driver if a 944 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 tire should burst or a wheel break down.* Had it not been for the danger of the thing I could have enjoyed somewhat seeing the automobile come right up toward me and pass close by at a speed of more than a mile a minute. It is a fearful sight to behold, and there is something grand about it to see what human brain and muscle have accom- plished. I admired the skill and courage of Earl Keiser and others. I remember think- ing at the time that none of these great races, so far as I had heard, had ever been made on Sunday; but a few days afterward the papers were chronicling a bad accident at the St. Louis exposition. Barney Old- field, becoming blinded by the dust of his ri- val, ran into a fence, and killed two men. None of the papers, and none of the automo- bile journals (we take six) mentioned that it happened on Sunday; but the way in which the date was given made me remark to Mrs. Root, "There, I'm afraid this race was made on Sunday. ' ' ' ' But it could not have happened on the exposition grounds, husband, because they have never been opened on Sunday." A little further along I found that the races were on the track outside of the ex- position grounds; but reference to the calen- dar showed I was right. It was a Sunday race. I felt glad to learn that Mr. Oldfield declared then and there that he would nev- ermore take part in any race. I should have been better pleased had he declared to the crowd that he would never again race on Sunday. You may think I am going a little to extremes; but while I dictate I learn that Barney has already reconsidered his decision, and has been induced to continue in the racing business. Of course, some of you will call me superstitious because I think there would have been less danger of death had this race been on a week day. Well, here is one fact I can give you. Of course, an investigation was made as to whether Mr. Oldfield was in any way to blame for the deaths. He was exonerated, I believe, on several grounds. One was that one of the men who was killed had been told re- peatedly by the police to get back of the rope, but he disobeyed orders, and this diso- bedience caused his death. Well, now, is it not true that the man who has no scruple about going to such a place on Sunday would be more liable to disobey the police? He has broken God's law, and it is but a little step to go further and break the laws of the land or of the presiding officer. Break- ing God's law paves the way for disregard- ing man's law, and disobedience brings death. To make it shorter, "the wages of sin is death. ' ' Our text puts it in another way that makes it a little broader and more com- prehensive. Our great dailies, as I have suggested, are * Right before our eyes, one of the cars in that race, while going- almost if not quite a mile a minute, burst a wheel, making a turn, and the whole thing went into the fence, wreclted. Nobody happened to be near the fence on that part of the grounds, and the rider escaped al- most miraculously, comparatively unhurt. giving US some big lifts in the way of tem- perance editorials. May God be praised for these vehement exhortations. But why are these papers so silent about Sunday desecra- tion? I wonder if Christian people general- ly are not getting a little loose in regard to this matter. Do they really believe that their example may be the means of bringing about accident and death, or, worse still, the ruin of both body and soul? In a recent terrible accident on Sunday, the fact was brought forth that the engineer in charge of the train had been on duty for 26 hours. Very likely they paid extra for overtime. They were making a lot of money, and could afford to pay a man handsomely for over- tasking brain, muscle, and nerves, and with the result I have given. I wonder if that beautiful text would not come in well here: "With what measure ye mete withal it shall be measured to you again." I have before mentioned the fact that the American people all over the world have seemed to think that automobiles are immune to our Sunday laws ; and it is suggested quite frequently, and I do not know but sometimes from the pulpit, that the old order of things is passing away, and that different conditions of things now call for different ways of Sabbath obser- vance. Our pastor asked the question at our Saturday-afternoon prayer-meeting a few weeks ago whether it is the proper thing for a minister of the gospel to use the electric cars to meet his appointments on Sunday. I believe the general decision was that a man who preaches had better get to his appointments in some other way; for his presence on the car would certainly encour- age others whose consciences might other- wise trouble them. They could say to them- selves, if not out loud, "Why, our pastor rides on Sunday on the cars, and why shouldn't we?" Well, I believe I can say our pastor does not ride on the Sunday cars. He refused to take an appointment where Sunday travel would be almost a necessity. I think, however, he told us we should be a little carefnl about being too severe in decid- ing what other people should do. He men- tioned quite a prominent divine who, he said, had to his knowledge preached during the day in Oberlin and in the evening in Cleveland. The distance is about 40 miles. He said he did not know how he managed to get to his Cleveland appointment. It would be too far to drive a horse, and the Sunday cars, either steam or electric, would seem to be the only way to make it. Now, I may be making a mistake; but my opinion is that the pastor had better preach less, or nearer home, than to encourage this kind of Sun- day travel. Such a trip might induce the railroad men to say, "Why, even your min- isters are dependant on our Sunday cars to meet their appointments.* Besides going to *While I dictate, it occurs to me that a near relative of mine attends church every Sunday by means of the elec- tric cars. In fact, she could not well get there other- wise — at least a great part of the time. It may be a question as to how many use the cars to go to church compared with those who go to some place directly an- tagonistic to our churches and Sunday-schools. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 945 church on Sunday I have used our auto to go four miles out in the country to a schoolhouse Sunday-school; but when I did it I confess I felt a little troubled for fear people might think my daughter and I were just going out Sunday afternoon for a ride in the country through the fields and woods. I think it is well to ask ourselves the ques- tion, when we are considering about what we shall do on Sunday, "Will this thing I have in mind oblige any of my fellow-men to work on Sunday when they might not have to do so otherwise? " If yoii need the benefit of the Sunday rest, so does your neighbor, whether he lives next door or a thousand miles away. In speaking of the accident at St. Louis I said two men were killed. One was on ac- count of disobeying the police. The other was passed by with the simple explanation that he was a "colored man;" and I felt sad to think that the general impression seemed to be that it was not so much matter if a colored man is killed. Now, I would urge that even a colored man, as well as the poorest com- mon laborer of the white race, should have his Sunday as a day of rest. "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself;" and God's holy word does not specify that our neighbor must be white to be considered as a neigh- bor in the full sense of the word. Well, dear friends, I have covered only a very small part of our text. I have applied it mostly to Sunday observance; but I think we shall find that the fear of the Lord in a thousand ways not only prolongs our days but gives us health and happiness while we live. We should not only fear constantly breaking his holy commands, but we should love to reverence and recognize him as God the Father every day and every hour. CAN A CHRISTIAN CONSISTENTLY TRAVEL WITH AN AUTOMOBILE? Dear Sir:— I read, in the last issue of Gleanings, your discussion of the question whether a man can be a Christian and drive an automobile. I agree with you that it is rather a problem in horse-training than a question of ethics. This is an age of progress, and there is no reason why Christians should not be in the fore- front. If they live up to their privileges they ought to lead the forward movements of society. From the point of view which you adopt, your conclusions are perfectly valid. From another standpoint it may be questionable whether a Christian can drive an automobile at the present time. Automobiles are still in the expeiimental stages of development. They sell for prices that keep them in the class of expensive novelties. Where they do answer an economic purpose they are expensive sub- stitutes for equally efficient though less attractive means of conveyance. When autos can be as cheaply purchased and maintained as carriages, a Christian may own and operate one as a necessity, but not until then. Let us see the reason. Christ came to bring the more abundant life to all mankind. At his departure he commanded his follow- ers, the first Christians, to preach the gospel to every creature. Each generation since has inherited the duty and the privilege implied in that commandment. The Christians of to-day are responsible for pi-eaching the gospel, during their lifetime, to every person now living. The Chistians of a generation ago or of the generations following could not do it; besides, they are responsible for their own particular time. Christ said: "It is not the will of my Father that any should be lost, but that all may have eternal life. I came not to do mine own will, but the will of him that sent me. As the Father has sent me, so send I you. Go preach my gospel to every creature. He that loveth father or mother or houses or land more than me is not worthy of me. Un- less a man will leave all and follow me he can not be my disciple." Unless the men now living hear the gospel from the Christians now living, Christ's last commandment can never be fulfilled for them. This lays a great oppor- tunity and a great responsibility at the doors of the Christian church to-day. Never has the world been open to the gospel as it is to-day. Never has the cry of need rung to heaven as it does to-day. Never has the con.secrated wealth of Christians had the power for good that it has to-day. Never have there been so many consecrated men waiting to be sent as there are to-day. The price of an Oldsmobile ($650) will support an Amer- ican missionary on any field for nearly eighteen months, or fourteen native workers in India or China for the same period. In view of the command of the Master, the need of the world, and the far-reaching results of the money expended, I doubt whether any man who has the same burning desire for the regeneration of men which marked the life of Jesus and his earlier followers would be willing to spend for an automobile money which could be bearing so much more glorious fruit for the kingdom of God. May God forgive us for adopting his name when we so little appreciate his desires or share his spirit! Rittman, O., Sept. 20. Rayman F. Fritz. Dear Bro. F., not only do I thank you for your kind exhortation, but I am sure every professing Christian will thank you from the bottom of his heart for the vivid and thor- ough way in which you have pictured before us the necessity of a higher spiritual plane of life than most of us probably know much about. Before taking up the latter part of your letter I wish to suggest that, if the time has not already come, it is fast coming when it will be, under many circumstances, cheaper to travel with an automobile than horses. And, again, is it not true that your suggestions in regard to the expense will apply equally well to fine equipages drawn by a high-priced span of horses? I had the same feeling you mention when I consented to pay $650 for an auto. After over a year's experience, however, I am satisfied that in no other way could this sum of money have given us the comforts and conveniences this investment has. It enables me to take trips that I should hard- ly think of taking with a horse and buggy. It has enabled me to speak from experience in regard to this whole matter. Once more, if we were to push this whole line of reasoning, can a professing Christian consistently build himself a house worth several thousand dollars? May it not be his Christian duty to live in the old house a lit- tle longer, using the money for missions in- stead of putting it in a new house? We have just finished an up-to-date bathroom in our house. I not only superintended the whole of it, but got down in the ditches to see that the pipes were all laid properly. Our new bath-tub is of enameled iron, and is as easy to keep sweet and clean as the dishes on our dining-table. The wash-basin and closet are also of the latest pattern from a sanitary point of view. You may remem- ber that both Mrs. Root and myself at dif- ferent times have passed through a siege of malarial fever, and I came near losing my life. I hardly need tell you that the hope of combatting such diseases is along the line of improved sanitation. It is possible, also, that an automobile, with the opportunity and inducement it gives for open-air exer- cise, may prolong life. 946 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 QUDSmOEWi^i Mr. Bee Man! SesOr'nEOldsmobilePfiCB Your money's worth and moie. A machine that took 20 years to perfect —so simple anybody can run it. You take no chance in buying: an Oldsmobile. For S650 you get an automobile with a road efficiency greater than any otter runabout made. You purchase a machine that has already proven so satisfactory in every way that we put two million dollars into the busi- ness of making- it. We couldn't do this if the Oldsmobile had not made g-ood all our claims. It is the best automobile investment any- body can make. Our catalog will interest every one thinking- about purchasing: an automobile. It tells about all styles; Tour- ing Runabout, $7-50: Light Tonneau, .$9£0: Oldsmobile Delivery Wagon, $850. Increased power, speed, and size in the Runabout— no packed joints; hub brakes, and three-inch tires— larger gasoline and water capacity. It is built to run and does it. Oids JVIotor Works, DETROIT, IVIICH. am looking for your orders for queens. I please others, why not you ? My trade has increased five-fold in the past four years. . . . 64 = PAQE CATALOG. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama. Golden Italian and Leather Colored, QUEENS Warranted to give satisfaction, those are the kind reared by puirin=the=Queen=Breeder. We guarantee everv aueea sent out to please you, or it may be returned inside of bO daj's, and another will be sent "gratis." Our business V7as established in 1888, our stock originated from the best and highest-priced Long=tongued Red=Clover Breeders in the United States. We send out fine queens, and send them promptly. We guarantee safe delivery to any State, continental island, or European Country. The A. I. Root Co. tells us that our stock is extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal says that he has good reports from our stock, from time to time. Dr. J. I,. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., says that he secured over 400 pounds of honey (mostly comb), from single colonies containing ourqueens. Last winter was a severe test on bees, but Quirin's Famous Leatlier=coIored Italians wintered on their summer stands, with- in a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Queens now ready to go by return mail. Prices after July 1. 1 6 12 Select Tested Select tested Breeders Straight five-band breeders ... % 75 1 00 1 50 3 00 5 00 $ 4 00 5 00 8 00 15 00 $ 7 00 9 00 15 00 NOW IS THE TIME TO REQUEEN, and in doing so remember QUIRIN'S hardy Italians. We shall soon unite our nuclei for winter, so hurry in your orders. 2> s> S' Si 2« •:« Si •I* i ^\ Si i Si •2" Si % Ouirin=the=Oueen=Breeder, Beiievue, 0. % « ^ ^ Si iasU!SiesjU!^^<^^4>^^<»^i^i 1904 (■I.IIANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. IT DOESN'T PAY to keep those poor colonies when a young vigorous queen from the best honey-gathering stock given now :nay make them your dr.vY c«/6 m-ike a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We bret din sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and live banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queens, $1.50 each ; 6 for '?7.[I0, or JIC.OO per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italians, Holy Land-*, and Albi- nos, $2.60 each. All others $1.00 each for straight breeders of their sect._ Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or .$8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. W'rite for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address THe Bee and Honey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Xex. ringh^m rlc. Keeps in stock a complete line of 1-lb. sq. Jars, with corks, $5.00 gross. No. 25 sq. Jars, $5.75 gross. 12-oz. Jars (best seller) $5 gross. Liberal Discount on more than one gross. len Cove, L. I. Salesroom-- f05 Park Place, N. Y. Queens by Return Mail We are now breeding from three distinct strains, viz.. Imported or leather color. Root's long-tongued or red clover strain, and our old strain of white- banded yellow Italians, or albinos. :: :: Untested, each 8 .65; half doz. 13.75; doz. $ 7.00 Warranted, each 75; half doz. 4 25; doz. 8.00 Tested, each L25 Select tested, each 1.50 We have also a full line of bee-keepers' supplies including The A. I. Root Company's goods . . . Root's Sections and Weed's Foundation a Specialty. Send for our o2-page illustrated catalog W. W. Gary & Son, Lyonsville, S^ass. Virginia Queens Italian queens secured by a cross, and years of careful selection. From red-clover queens and Superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson. lean furnish large vigorous untested queens 75 cts.; after June 15th, 60 cts.; tested queens, $1.00; after June 15th, 75 cents. Write for discount on large orders. CHAS. KOEPPEN, FredericKsbtirg, - Virginia. 150 TESTED RED CLOVER QUEENS, three to five banders, fine queens, $1.00 each. Circular free. G. Routzahn, Biglerville, Pa. NO DRONES in our printery. That is why we save you money. Sample hundred envelopes, 'noteheads, letterheads, busi- ness cards, statements, or' billheads, 4^00 postpaid. Samplesfree. Young Brothers, Cirard, Pa. RE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS AS RED-CLOVER WORKERS. L. C. Medkiff, Salem, N. J., says: "I bought an un- tested queen of you last year and her bees have filled three comb-honey supers, and did not swarm, while thirteen out of the fifteen other colonies did not gel more than half that amount I have queens from six different breeders, and 1 class yours lOO per cent above them all. Your bees worked very strong on the first crop of red clover. ] know they were yours, becau.se I floured them with a dredge-box and watched the hive. They also worked strong on the second crop of red-clover and lima-bean blos.soms." Untested queens, 75c each; six. S4.00; dozen, S7.50. Select untested, $1.00 each; six, §5,00; dozen, 89.00. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for descriptive circular showing whv my queen-trade has grown so fast. I am now filling orders by return mail, and shall probably be able to do so till the close of the season. J, P. MOORE, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Key. U/ye Best Stock ! Twenty vears' experience in rearing Italian queen bees, and' producing honey on a large scale has taught me the value of the best stock, and what the best queens reared from that best stock mean to the hon- ey-producer. I have always tried to improve iny stock by buying queens from breeders who breed for honey-gathering instead of color; then by crossing these different strains and selecting the best and breeding from them I have secured a strain of stock that is the equal of any for honey-gathering. ^i_ flQ Delanson, New York, July 10, 1902. Mb. Robey— Dear Sir: The queens that I bought of you two years ago were the finest lot, and the best honey-gatherers of any queens I ever had, and I have had over 1000 queens from the principal queen-breed- ers of the United States. E. W. Alexander. Warranted queens m any quantity, 60c. each. Safe5J 'il.F^AXIXr.S IN BF.E CUI/IURE. Oct. 1 Perfect Goods ! 1 o^w Prices ! jS^ V? A Ctistomer Once, A Cxistomer Airways. ^^ We manufacture BEE-»S\JPPLIE.S of all kinds Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published S>6c Ameri" cas^ Bee-Keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. ADDB.ESS W. M. Oerrish, Epping, N. H,, carries a full line of our guods ai catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. Jamesto'v^iij $1 100 Magazines Each Year $1 OVB, GREAT CO-OPERATIVE CLUB consists of yearly subscriptions to the following high grade magazines. Each stands at the head of its class. This combination furnishes your home with plenty of good clean, interesting and instructive reading matter for every member of the family at the very lowest cost. ALL FOR .00 Farmers Voice - Weekly $.60 For forty years the most earnest advocate of all things which tend to make lite on the farm more pleasurable and profitable. The only farm paper that gives its readers the best of all the news. Best of market reports. Wayside Tales ^fS^olriL"""^'''"" 1-00 Never less than 164 pages. Never less than six cracking good short stories. Each issue contains articles by Opie Read, Stanley Water- loo. Col. Wm. Lightfoot \'isscher. Chas. Eugene Banks, Irving Bach- eller, and other leading American writers. Beautifully illustrated. The tiousetiold Realm 19th year .50 A carefully edited monthly for the home; owned, edited and pub- lished exclusively by women and treating of every interest in the household. Profusely illustrated. The American Poultry Journal .50 The oldest and best poultry paper in the world. It has improved with the years until it stands in the fore front of its class. Greens Fruit Grower ;^'^|i^rni°ofAmer?ca""^ -SO For Greens Fruit (Grower you mav substitute —^..^^^ Vick's Magazine, Farm Journal, BloodedStock, Trkifil ff? 1 C^ Kansas City Star or St. Paul Dispatch. I Ulcii .PtJ.lKJ Sample copies of The Farmers Voice free. I^iberal terms to agents. FARMERS VOICB PUB. CO., 32 Voice Bldg. Chicago. This is unque^on- ably the greatest bargain in good periodical reading matter ever offered. Subscribe today. 1904 Gl.KANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 951 MarsHfield Mariufacturing Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in. the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. CAc Marshfield Maniifacttirii^g Comipai\y, MarshHeld, "Wis. PPLIES! Box 60, RED OAfC. IOWA. We carry a large stock and greatest vari- • ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- • suring BEST goods at the L,OWEST prices, ' and prompt shipment. We want every ' bee- keeper to have our FREE IL,LUSTRAT- ' ED CATAI,OG, and read description cl I Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. fWRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. \ Trester Supply Company, I,incoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs, lovya. I. H. Myer>, Lamar, Col. etc., hiive been the stnndard of excellence for half a century. The best always cheapest. Have hundreils of carloads of Fruits and Ornamentals 4(1 acres of Hardv Koaes. 44 greenhouses of Palms, Ficiis. Ferns, Knses, etc. Direct deal wi 1 insure v.in t\\f best and save von money, rorrespondenre solicited. Valuable catahigne free. 61st year. HKKI acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., PAINESVILLE, OHIO. SPRAY PUMPS ;p|?AY Double-acting.Llft, jMvmc Tank and Spray ]rPUMPS ^--^^^ 1ta^i^^<« S^o''^ Ladders. Etc. Y1M\SHAY TOOLS aiass^ 'Valve ofallWnds. Write for Circulars and Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers withsteelrollerbeiirings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown oft the track— hence its name — "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buv in quantity. F.E. MYERS &BRO, Ashland, • Ohio. La^test Model Bone CuJter On 10 nays' Free Tria No money asked for until youprt>veour guaranty that Mann'm Lateot will cut all kinds of bone easier, faster antl in l";t- ter shape than any other. If not, send it back at our expense. Isn't that t etter for you than to pay cash inadvaiice for a ma- chine yo'i never tried? Catalogue free. F. W. MASH CO., Box 37;MIIF0RM1ASS. Hunter-Trader-Trapper Illu.strated 64 to 80 page month- ly journal about game, steel traps, deadfalls, trapping se- crets, and raw fur. Published by experienced hunter, trapper, and trader. Subscription $1.00 a year; sample copy 10 cents. A, R. HARDING, Editor. Gallipolis, Ohio. 952 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 fi^ »i«r fiC »ic f e »,e fie »iC fiC' x*^ fi^ »|C fii^ »iC ^e »ie v*" f\ xv » k y?* -—"If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder."- — ^^ ^f ,^^^^ Established 1889. ^ J in Bee=keepers' $ Bee=keepers Supplies. I ^^ Supplies. I ■^4 Distributor of Root's g-oods from the best shipping-point in the Country. ^f/" '^"' My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Company, ^^T ^^ and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: ^fy ' Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb ^ -^* Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, J^ ^ Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact, ,^ ^] EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. [^ ' Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. ^ >?" ^^ V During this month (October) I will offer a Special Discount of (i per cent JJjy for (J ash o/-c7c'rs, for goods wanted for next season's use. During November the discount -J^. ^f^ will be 5 per cent. These discounts apply to orders for hives, sections, foundation, etc., but not ''if^' » for honey-packages or shipping-cases, or goods for immediate use. One of those nice flexible . .J^i- bee-hats included free with evei-y shipment, if you will mention it in ordering, telling ivhere you «|^ y|* saw the offer. ^1^ -^gi I have on hand a large stock of extracted honey in 60-lb. cans, white-clover or water-white >i^r ■^f alfalfa. A single can of either at 8!4c per pound. Two cans in a bo.x at 8c per pound. Bee- V .^ . keepers having a demand which exceeds theirsupply can here avail themselves of an opportunity. t^ I S Have you noticed what the leading Bee=keepers of Indiana have been h ^ y^* a saying about ray line of goods ? Here is another sample letter Di ^ij^ JJ?^ Alexandria, Ind. ^'^ y^*" Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis. Ind. ^(J^. V />ear Sir. — I have been dealing constantly with you for 15 years, and in all that time have . J^4. not had a single cause for complaint. Your goods come promptly every time. In 1897 and 1903, 5>8^. yi* both good honey years, and in the rush, when a single day's delay meant a loss in dollars to me, ^^^ y yet order after oider was filled promptly and correctly. To me the name Pouder is a synonym . JJ^U for promptness in business. I can recommend you to those who need supplies in time for the J^- yl* harvest. Truly yours, EvAN E. Edwards. '(J^. ^k -^^ ^1^ Beeswax Wanted. ^IC*- ■^1^ I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make Jj^ ■^K* small shipments by express; large .shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your ^t^T ' name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send i. to you. ' % WALTER 5. POUDER, { ds, 5I3==5I5 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 'P 2^i- .jS.']L ^'4.^ ^i^ ^* ^^* Ix y*^ ^'-L^ ^'* .J'* .^'* ^'* ^* >« ^* ^* J> * ^* 4^ 7f 7li^7li^7lj^7F7fs ?^ l^l^li^l^^h'^l^l^l^l^l^l^l^r^ 1904 CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 953 GOOD SECOND-HAND CANS. We have on hand upward of three hundred boxes of second-hand 60-lb. cans, two in a case, in excellent con- dition. Most of them have been used but once, and are bright, inside and out. We offer them in ten-box lots at 45 cts. a box; 25 boxes or more at 40 cts. a box. We can ship also from HoUidays Cove, W. Va., where we have a part of the stock. We have also some more cans, not in quite as good condition, but which would be good enough for low-grade honey. We offer these in ten-box lots or over at 30 cts. a box. To distinguish from the others, order these as third-class cans. BUSHEL BOXES. The season is at hand when bushel boxes are needed for handling pota- toes and other farm crops. The ac- companying cut shows our all slatted box which has been used for years, and is a most popular box. It is 16 inches long by Vi% wide and 12^ 'deep, inside measure, holding a heap- ed bushel when level full. One box may be nested inside of two when emptj, so they can be handled in bunches of three. As packed, there are 14 in a bunch — 2 nailed up and the other 12 in flat, with nails included. We u.sually make them with oak corner-posts ; and, so made, the price is ffl.90 per crate of 14. We have quite a stock on hand, packed ready for shipment, of allbasswood slats, no oak corners. We offer these, to close them out, at SI. 75 per crate; ten-crate lots, 5 per cent dis- count. AIKEN HONEY-BAGS. We did not include these bags in our catalog this year because we wanted to see them more generally tested in different sections of the country, and proven a satisfactory package everj'where before doing so. We are prepared to supply them, and have arranged for a 1-lb. size in addition to the four other sizes sold heretofore. We are now supplied with all sizes. 1-LB, SIZE, 'i%x.5%. f .65 I 1000 $5.50 3.00 I 5000 @ 5.25 5-LB. SIZE, 7x10. 100 $ 1.20 500 5..50 1000 10 50 5000® 10 00 100 SCO 2 LB. SIZE, 5x71/4, 100 $ .80 500 3 75 1000 7.00 5L00@ 6.60 ^'A-lh. SIZE, 6x95^. 10 lb. size, 10x10^. 100 $1.00 I 100 $ 1.50 5011 4.75 I 500 7.00 1000 8 75 1 1000 13 50 5000 (# 8.25 I 5000 @ 13 00 We will print in name and address of producer or dealer, in different quantities, at the following sched- ule of prices for any size: I/j's of 100 30 cts. Lotsof 250 50 cts. Lotsof 500 75 cts. Lots of 1000 $1.00. For each additional 1000, add 50 cents. Each change of n-ime and address counts as a separate order. For instance. 1000 bags printed with four different names and addresses, 250 of each, would be $2.00; with ten different names $3.00, etc. As the bags must be print- ed before they are made up and coated, we can not change the label except in lots of 19,000 or over. We have some plain 2-lb. size of dark-drab paper which we can furnish plain at $2 00 per 1000 less than prices quoted above, or we can print a smaller special label in one color at above rates extra for printing. JiillllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIILh i GOODvS I I IN SEASON. I E Cases for marketing comb honey. ? = All kinds of packages for marketing = = extracted honey. . . . E = Glass jars for canning fruit. . . ^ = Bee-escapes for taking off honey. = ~ Every thing the very best. ^ = Standard-bred Italian E E Queens. Full line E E oftKe best Bee E E BooKs. . . = S We yet have a full line of hives, sections, ~ E comb foundation, and every thing neces- ^ = sary for the bee-keeper. Big discount = ^ on all goods for next season's use, if = E ordered at once. Order now and save ^ = money, and be in. time for next year. ~ ~ Catalog Free. TL I C. M.Scott ca Co., I E 1004 E. ■WasHime'toni St., = I Indianapolis, Ind. E ^llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliii DANZENBAKER ...SI.OO Smoker... Guaranteed to suit or the dollar back. Buy the D. 20th Century Smoker, it is the best. The construction is so simple and complete, it is sure to please, can not clog, smokes three to five hours at one filling. $1.00 each; three, $2.50 by express or with other goods; by mail, each, 25c for postage. F. DANZENBAKER, care the A. I. Root Co. 's space (2S») West An- nex Horticultural Bldg-., St. Louis, Mo. 954 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 1 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. J- Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ We will allow n cash discount of 6 per cent on oider- slmu i i during Oct. tSend for Oiar FK^EE. Ne'w Illtastrsite«l Caitalog amd Price Ivist. v^ v^ Dittmer's Foundation RETAIL AND WHOLESALE (lir * m m m Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the ^ Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and 'J^ Toughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have jfi never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Full Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Catalosr and prices ■vrith samples free on application. E;. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Eittmer's Foundation. CUS. DITTMER, - - - AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. f ■^^■ayi^ t^ iyn l^■■J^^^ ti)gr^fCT^ t^ »ijfL »m ^jp•vfy•^y~^p ^ \^v^ >^ ■^ M^Ty 1^ ;^ uy ^^ ^ SiNGHAiVI SELP CLEANING BEE SMOKCR I If You Want a Smoker That goes without Puffing — Clean, Durable, and Handy — Oldest, newest, and embracing all the improvements and in- ventions made in smokers, send card for circular to T. F. BINGHAM. FARWELL, MICH. Volume XXXII. msBEE CULTURE oNTENTs " Market Quotations. Straws, by Dr. Miller 967 Pickings, by Stenog 968 Conversations with Doolittle 969 Editorials 970 Use of Bee-stings as a Remedial Agent 970 The St. Louis Convention; a few Sidelights 971 Bee and Beer Exhibit at the St. Louis Fair 972 — ^^ Nominations for Officers of the N. B. K. A 973 General Correspondence 974 The Laws Baby Nuclei : 974 The Use of Small Nuclei for Mating..., 977 The Philadelphia Bee-keepers' Association 978 " ' Straws from the West Indies 979 "^ California Notes and Comments 980 Heads^of Grain 981 A Chaff-Hive Apiary Hiving a Swarm on the Old Stand.. The 20-lb. Stone a Necessity to hold down Cover..! Death of one of the Old Pioneers in Bee-keeping.983 Some of My Little Whims A Drone-laying Queen Bees and Rheumatism 984 Keeping Ants away from Honey 984 Age of Bees when going to the Fields A Raging Fire in a Bee Yard Keeping Bottled Honey from Leaking Honey-dew Questions Answered for a Cuban Inquirer Mammoth Sunflower for Shade Our Homes 987 Special Notices 997 The A.I. fMl Root Co ^ e MEDINA Ll^r^J OHIO i) ' Eastern Edition. ENTERED AT THE POSTOFFICE, AT MEDINA, OHIO, AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. Get Our Discounts! G. B. LEWIS CO. AND DADANT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. BEESWAX WANTED AT THE HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. LEWIS G. & A. G. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Mich. Hilton's Chaff Hive fortifies ycur colonies against sudden changes of weather in spring and fall. Only a little extra work neces- sary to change them for winter, and make them frost-proof. This work can be put over until late in Novem- ber or December, after the busy time at this season of the year. The double cover with ventilators enables the bees to continue work in supers during the intense heat of summer, where the hives, of neces- sity, are exposed to the sun during the middle of the day. Ask for copy of report from Michigan Agricultural College, regarding "Double v. Single Walled Hives." A large part of many apiarists' time is consumed in shifting from winter to summer, and summer to winter cjuarters, which could be well spent in caring for a larger number of col- onies. This is overcome by using Hilton's Chaff Hive. Write for cata- log. Root s Goods at Root's Prices. 6 Per Cent Discount for October. George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. DISCOUNTS For tKe New Season-— for CasK Orders. During October, 6 per cent. " November, 5 '' " December, 4 '' And you get Root's Goods. Tell us what you want, and we will tell you what it will cost. OuF Catalog loF the asking. M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich. ^ 1904 GLEANINGS TN BEE CULTURE. 959 C. H. W. Weber, Headcftiarters for Bee-Supplies Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices. WWSA^WS^ CINCINNATI. OHI * <$» f$> f$> «W» ri? f$» f$» ff» J Let me sell you the Best Ooods Made; yon will be pleased on receipt *** ^ of them, and save monej^ by ordering- from me. Will allow you a discount on w Hw early orders. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is f$» (^ one of the best shipping-points to reach all parts of the Union, particularly f^ff ^^ in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt service, and satisfaction 'i T guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed T ■J promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :: •■ •• ^ •$> ■■ f|» f^ t^ ^^ I Keep Everything that Bee-keepers Use, a. large stock and x T a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and ^'^ 'i^ without portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey *^ t^ and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and t^ ^ bee-veils. ^ ^l^ Queens Now Ready to Supply by ReturnlMail; Golden itai- cp (^ iai.s, Red-clover, and Carniolans. Will be ready to furnish nuclei, beginning- ffL fcti v\ nh June, of all the varieties mentioned above. Prices fofjUntested, during June, X one. 75; six, $4.00: twelve. $7.50. ^^ '^ i will buy Honey and Beeswax, pay Cash on Delivery, and ^^ W^^ shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, bar- t^ ^ rels, or carloads of extracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. ^ (p ! have in Stock Seed of the following Honey-plants: Sweet- (^ ^ scented clover, white and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, pha- fjr\ .a. celia, Rock\' Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. 1' *** *i? "t r— — ^ ----~»-™™-.»..™__.^ 4^ '1/ OiPRcc (St Salesroom, 214>6-214'8 Central Ave. | (i^'* 'WareHot.ise, Freeinai:\ and Cen.tra2. A.ver&ue. 960 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. Fakct.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel- staia or otherwise ; all the cells sealed exceul an occasional cell, the outside surface of the wood well scraped of propol is. ANo.l.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next to the wood ; combs straight ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. No. 1.— All sections well filled except the row of cells next lo the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be filled and sealed. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight ■eotion. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is. there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Philadelphia.— The honey market has been quite active in the last ten days. Quite a g-ood many arrivals. There seems to be a bigrger diversity in range of prices than we have seen in this market for years. A number of shipments have been sent to commission men with instructions to clean them out at the best price. This has hardly made an established market price for any of the grades of comb. We quote: Fancy, 16C"17:No. 1. 14f'i'15; amber, 12. Extracted, fancy white, 8; No. 1, 7; amber, 6 y2. Beeswax selling freely at 28. We are pro- ducers of honey, and do not handle on commission. Wm. a. Selser, Oct. 8. 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago. —The receipts are now larger than the im- mediate requirements, but no material change in price is noticed. The best lots of white comb bring- ISOi 14. with lower grades ranging Ic to .3c less. E.xtracted white, in cans and barrels, 6Vi'"7M;; amber, 5''-A'G^:'. Beeswax, 28'S30. R. A. Burnett & Co., Oct. 8. 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Albany. — Honey demand good at present time. Rul- ing price for best white clover, 14f"i5; best buckwheat. 12V2f(' 13',4. Occasionally some small lots of extra fancy sell higher than above named. Extracted slow. Not much call for it. Buckwheat, HdteV^; clover selling at 6y2(anV2. Beeswax, 28<'/ 30. MacDougal & Co., Oct. 8. 326 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. Cincinnati.— Comb honey is now coming in more free- ly, and prices if anything have a little moderated. The sales made and prices obtained were, for No. 1 fancy water-white comb, 13r<;15; No. 2. 121/j''' 14. Extracted is sold as follows: White clover, 6Vl'("8; amber in barrels, 5V4(a5V2: in cans, &(@7; amber in barrels, 5&5V2; in cans, 5i/l'("6. Beeswax, 26(''28. Griggs Brothers, Oct. 7. Toledo, Ohio. Buffalo.— There is quite an improvement in demand for comb honey during the past two weeks. I think the demand will continue to improve, but do not expect to see prices advance any. Fancy white comb, 14@15; A No. 1, 13r(/ 14: No. 1, 12^'/ 13; No. 2, 1K«/ 12; No. 3, 10@11; No. 1 dark, IK" 12; No. 2 dark, 10f"ll; fancy white ex- tracted, 6'/ -f*' 7; amber, 5'/2fr'6; dark, 5( BRASS STEI LS Each O'JTriT con- tains ONE alphabet complete (26 letters); I set figures, 1 can inl:,1l3ru:h,l sponge, ail in neat toz. V/ill supply then as fol- IcTTs : lin. 5i:e$l; I Ms. $1.50; 2 in. $2 ^°'*SeS G.W. Bercaw, Eltoro, Calif. 'Follow the Flag." World's Fair Excursions Every Day to St. Louis VIA WABASH Only line direct to uinin entrance of the Exposition — Pullman Sleepers- Free Reclining Chair Cars — ^Vaba8h Dining Cars — Folder containing rates, train schedules, maps of St. Louis and the World's Fair grounds, T\'lth hotel booklets, msiiled free on application to F. H. TRISTRAM. Ass't. Gen'l. Pass'r. Agent, PITTSBURG, PA. 962 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 Cheap Lands I ^'^S}^^^"^'' s ates Special Home=seekers' Excursions October 11th and November 15th In addition to the regular Home-seekers' excur- sions, special Low Rates have been arranged for home-seekers on October 11th and November 15th, at round'trip rates lower than the one-way rates to different points reached by the Southern Rail- way and Mobile & Ohio Railroad. This is a rare opportunity to examine the cheap and productive lands of the South and to select a home at a low cost. Let us send you illustrated publications, descrip- tions of cheap properties, and full information. An inquiry will bring- them. M. V. RICHARDS, Land and Industrial Agent, WASHINGTON, D. C. Chas. S. Chase. Agent, Chemical Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. M. A. Hays. Agent 22.5 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. Mr. A. I. Roofs Writings of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful sections reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. r. For pamphlets of Michigan farm lands and the fruit belt, address J. E. Merritt, Manistee, Michigan, It IS torture to use cheap shaving soap. Insist on Williams' Shav- ing Soap. Sold everywhere. Write for booklet " How to Shave." The J. B, Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cut ting, miterlng, groov' boring, scroll-sawing moulding, mortising ; for working wood in any man- ner. Send for catalog A."^"" The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co., 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs.. N. Y [Established in 1873.] Devoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly bj' The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A. I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Dep't. J. T. CAI^VERT, Bus. Mgr. A. Iv. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms: $1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50; three years, $2.00; five years, $3.00, z« advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontinuances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. "We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, anl will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time Daid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISUSTG RATES. Column width, 2}i inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Nel). 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 250 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 1000 lines® 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates {Nei). 1 page $40 00 1 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Otrcrilation Average for 1903. 28^666. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111., Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, L,os Angeles. Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, Ijoveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DooLiTTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks. Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, EscoBdido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. \\ M. M': .\0\. VV oO i.-5iUl.k, Ullt. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 963 jS^t^^SS^J!^ } f We Sell and Rent THe SmitK Premier The World's Best Typewriter WE carry a complete stock of Typewriter Desks, Ribbons, Papers, Carbons, and all supplies for all makes of machines. Competent stenographers, who can operate any make of machine, furnished without charge to either party. Send for our booklet or a salesman to explain just why fhe Smith Premier is the most perfect and practical of all writing machines. ^6e SxnitH Premier XypeMrriter Co. 338 Broadivay, Ne-w YorK City. '^^SSsssssm^sss^sssssssssssss^^ ! etc. .. IiMve been the standard of excellence for If a cf-ntiiry. The bist always cheapest. Have hundreds ot carloads nf Fruits and Ornamentals 4n Bcres of Hardy Koses. 44 greenhouses of Palms. ^^^^ .^ ^.^^^^^^—^.^^^^^ , Ficus. Ferns, Roses, etc. Direct deal wi I insure you thn best and save you money. Correspondence solicited. Valuable catalogue free. 51st year. KXK) acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., PAINESVILLE, OHIO. Newl9O4SplitHi0kory Ipeeial 30 DAYS Send for oar 'ree l^^-psRe Catalog of Snilt, Hickory Vehiclei and Harness. NOTE— We manufacture a full line of High Grade UarneBS, sold direct to user at Wholesale Prices. The Ohio Carriage Hfg. «'o., 3920 Sixth St., Cincinnati, Ohio, H. C Fhcipa, Prealdent. S 5SJ ^^^m vd T^-f^A. 7 /(.~/3 f^ STRONGEST ;-ti' ■n-ti'/ht. Soli! t<. tlie Fariiiei' at ^\\M,W• iak'i'ricps. KuUy narrantod. CataloK I lee COILETl SPRING FENCE CO., Bos JO] Winchester, Indiana. BONE CUTTER MAKES . HENS ^ R4V^ it provides the cheapest and most productive fond. Hens can't lielp laying" \vlien fetl jjreen bone. We"ll sandy Miiiiirs Latent Model on 10 Days' Free Trial. No money until you sfied that it cuts easier and faster than any other. I f not return at our expense. Isn't this better for you than to pay cash in advance for a machine you never tried? Catai.iffue free. f.w.mAnnco. 37, Milford, Mass. '•" ^^^.^ — 'J ,^^ TRAINED FERRETS will clear your place of rats and drive rabbits. Bred from best working strains in America. Tame and R-entle Small, medium, arid large sizes. Write for prices John L. Funk, R. D. No. 1, Tiffin, Ohio. 964 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE To a New Subscriber to the American Bee Jcurnai. K 13 Copies for 20g.;i K or 1 5 Months ^ (65 copies) IQJ* Si .01 We will mail the AMERICAN Bee Jour- NAiv to a New subscriber every weeic during October, November and December, 1904, (13 weeks) for only 20 cents ; or for only $1.00 we will mail it from Oct. 1, 1904, to the end of 1905 — that's 15 months, or 65 copies! Sample copy for the asking. Still Another Offer. For only $1.60 we will mail both the weekly American Bee Journal and Gleanings in Bee-Culture for one year, to either new or renewal subscribers. Address aU orders to the AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, 334 Dearborn St.. CHICAGO, ILL. GEORQE \V. YORK: Editor. 1901 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 965 The Highest Standard of excellence in bee ournalism has probably not yet been reached, but the Bee-keepers' Review for the pres- ent year stands head and shoulders above what it has been in the past; in fact. I .sometimes find myself won- dering: if it will be possible to keep it up to its present high standard. For the present year it has been par- ticularly valuable to men wlio are making, or expecting to make, a business of bee-keeping. More valuable and fundamental truths and advice regarding the securing of big crops of honey, and selling them at high prices, have never been published. ^ onth after month, men who have for years kept bees in large nvnnbers write FREE ! Miat^ j.jari inches long by 4J deep, and are made purposely to hang crosswise in an eight-frame half-depth super. After counting the virgins in our nursery- cages we prepare an equal number of the little boxes by placing a comb of honey in each of them ; then we proceed to shake all the bees from the combs of some queenless populous colony, being sure to cause the bees to fill themselves with honey, placing the combs, when shaken, in an empty hive. and setting on the old stand to catch the re- turning bees, and to care for the brood. Now pick up the hive containing the bees, and repair to some convenient shady spot, where our boxes are waiting to receive the bees. With a small tin cup dip from the cluster a small wad about the size of an unhulled walnut, which I think will not exceed about 200 bees; now let your assistant open and hand you one of the little boxes; pour the bees from the cup right into the box and on to the comb of honey; close the box; snap the hook ; lay aside, and proceed dipping and filling until all the boxes have been filled. RELATIVE SIZES OF THE LAWS NUCLEUS FRAME AND THE STANDARD LANGSTROTH. By this time the bees in the little boxes have discovered that they are confined, and every bee that can take on more honey has filled its sac to its capacity, from the comb on which it is confined, and they are now buzzing and roaring, seeking if possible to make an escape. It is while in this condi- tion that we are ready to introduce the vir- gins, for a queenless over-gorged bee, fright- ened and away from her own home, is in very poor condition to sting, ball, or even notice a queen; but, on the other hand, judg- ing from the general acceptance of these virgins, I imagine that some of those heavy- laden bees would begin to offer her honey at once. Introduce the virgins by running them in at the little ^''s-inch round entrance to the little boxes; but right here is an im- portant point about the introduction of those virgins. Since my article on this subject in the Review of last March I have received dozens of letters making inquiry as to what time these virgins should be given. I will try to make this point plain. Those bees, realizing their confinement, filled with honey, and their only idea that of escape, all the fight is taken out of them. They are roaring their song of distress ; their excitement is at its highest. Right at this period any sort of queen can be given, and, ninety-nine times out of a hundred, she will be accepted. As to the length of time that should elapse after filling the boxes before the queens should be given, they can be run in after ten to thirty minutes of confine- ment. I usually wait until all the boxes are filled, even should there be two or three hun- dred of them before the virgins are given; but in no case wait over night, as one of my men did on one occasion, and lost 71 out of 72 queens. 1904 (.LEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 975 Some years ago I discovered that almost any kind of queen would be accepted, provid- ed she was given i nn)iediatcl y aiter the bees have discovered their confinement. On one occasion, while malting increase with strong three-frame nuclei taken from the strongest colonies with laying queens a number of vir- gins were taken from a colony that had swarmed and were holding back their virgins. These were hatching, and strong enough to fly, yet every one that was thrown into these nuclei was accepted, and at the proper time was found laying. I have also shaken bees into the baby nuclei from the upper stories of strong colonies, with a queen below the excluder, and after twenty or thirty minutes introduced virgins with safety. THE OLD-STYLE LAWS NUCLEUS BOX OPENED UP. We will now retui-n to the little boxes where we left them with virgins all run in. They should be left lying in the shade until near sunset of the next "day. By this time the bees have quieted down, the queen be- ing one of them, and the honey from their sacs has been deposited in the cells, and they may now be hauled several hundred yards out of danger of robbers, the entrances opened, the little boxes scattered out through the brush, hung on the wire fence, lodged under or up in the forks of the trees, in any position, any side up, only be sure they are in the shade. These little nuclei, when dis- tributed, with their virgin queens, behave very much like newly hived swarms. Every bee seems to regard that box as its home. A few bees will be found on guard at the en- trance. If the virgins are of the proper age, we may expect them to mate the very next day after setting them out. After the third day the little buttons may be turned until the zinc queen-excluding slot is across the en- trance, and our queens are now safe, to be used at pleasure. When another batch of virgins is ready our little boxes may be carried in, queens caged, and all the bees may be either return- ed to the hive from which they were taken, or they may be all put together on a new stand, and hived like a new swarm, allowing one of the queens to be shaken in with them. A frame or two of sealed brood from some colony that can spare it is given, and soon we have a colony of bees. As I have told you how to mate a large number of queens by using the bees of only one colony, and also how to introduce virgins of any age with safety, I will now show HOW TO AVOID LOSS FROM ABSCONDING. It is a noticeable fact that a strong nucleus or a weak colony of bees will abscond much sooner than a weak nucleus with a bountiful supply of honey on hand; and when this ab- sconding occurs it is usually after the queen has been mated and preparations have been or are being made for a perpetuation of their home. It is then, if their room is too large, their stores scant, or after brood-rearing has begun, that unrest and consequent ab- sconding begins. With our little boxes and fat combs of honey the bees busy themselves moving the honey, clearing up a place for a brood-nest, and secreting wax with which they build spurs df wax from the comb to the walls of their box. With these conditions they seem content, and it is very seldom desertion is known; but absconding is absolutely prevented when the queen-excluding button is turned. I have tested large numbers of queens as to purity of mating in these little boxes. Now as to the prevention of fertile work- ers. There is no possible show for them to exist when a new lot of bees are used with each mating of the queens. HOW TO HAVE QUEENS MATED TO SELECT DRONES. The fifth and last proposition is that of the controlling of the mating of the queens. These baby nuclei are so transportable that 500 or more of them can be loaded on a wagon together with our hive of choice drones. Then we go out on the prairie three miles or more from any bees, set out the little boxes, and liberate the drones. If the queens are of proper age they should mate the same or the next day, after which they may be brought in and the bees and queens of another race may be mated on the same ground. LAWS' OLD-STYLE NUCLEUS BOX. I will now describe the construction of the little boxes, which, you will see, is a very simple arrangement. Two little trays, | inch deep, hinged to- gether at the bottom with leather strips in such a way as to clamp between its edges a 976 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 frame so tightly that it can not move the box closes with a hook and staple at the top, and the outside of the frame now becomes a part of the box. A I'V or § inch hole is bored in the frame near one lower corner of the frame for an entrance for the bees, as seen in the cut. While I have used this style of box almost exclusively for a year and a half, there were several disadvantages that I have tried to overcome in the construction of a later model. I made some 300, several months ago, of a pattern that I like much better, as it entirely encloses the frames containing the honey, and it has a tight-fit- ting water-proof cover. The frames fit in these boxes in such a way as to be tight-fit- ting, and can be hauled or handled any side up or in any position, as do also the other boxes. The principal objection to the old style of box was its bee-smashing qualities, its liability to take water in heavy rains, and its comb of honey being so near the out- side that it afforded a greater attraction to ants and robber bees. LAWS' NEW-STYLE NUCLEUS BOX. On each of the boxes is placed a little queen-excluding button, one end solid, and, when not in use, is turned so the queen can mate. One end is used to close entirely the entrance; the other to confine the queen aft- er mating to avoid any danger from abscond- ing. There is a hook and staple attached to each of the little boxes that closes with a snap and holds all tightly and securely until released. To get combs filled with honey, and to have them so as to be conveniently worked on the hives, frames of proper dimensions were made to fit crosswise in an eight-frame half- depth super. Second-quality combs, and those containing much drone comb, were cut out from the standard frames, and trans- ferred into the little frames, 13 of which just fill a super, and an L. comb will exactly fill four of the baby-nucleus frames. These supers of combs are then set on any populous colonies, to be filled with honey. I have 750 boxes of the old pattern, and 300 of the new model. I have also a thou- sand of the little combs of honey. With these I think it would be easy to mate two or three thousand queens per month. Last season I used nursery cages and vir- gins exclusively; but I have found it more convenient and labor-saving at times to at- tach the ripe cells right on to the combs of honey just before the bees are poured into the boxes, then let them stay 48 hours be- fore carrying out to the mating-grounds. It is not always a necessity to change the bees with each mating of the queens. Ripe cells may be given as by the old method; but this would destroy the rapidity of whole- sale mating, as it is intended the plan shall do. For good queens and quick work I favor the introduction of virgin queens from five to seven days old. When virgins are used we can select and throw out all scrubs be- fore introducing to the baby nuclei. My nursery cages are so constructed that two holding 20 compartments each are placed in an L. frame, and are so pivoted that the top of the cages remains right side up, no matter in what manner the frame is held. These 40 compartments are covered on the sides with wire screen, and the top of each is covered with a small waxed wooden cap to which the cell is attached; a i^R-inch hole is bored a half-inch deep in the bottom of each of the cages, which are coated with beeswax and filled with honey from a common clean oiler, to which the young queen may help herself as needed. These nurseries containing cells are hung in upper stories of populous colonies con- taining laying queens, as queenless bees will select one or two, and worry the others to death; while colonies with laying queens will pay no attention to the virgins. I have a select mating-ground just half way be- tween two of my breeding-yards. One yard contains 65 colonies, and the other 150. These yards are only two miles apart, and, although robbing may occur in or about the yards, and at times it might be dangerous to lift a few covers, yet I have worked half a day at a time, at this mating-ground, combs of honey exposed nearly all the time, but not a comb has been robbed nor have I seen a robber. This item of working with a seclusion from robber bees is worth much. Are there drones at the mating-grounds? Yes, on afternoons I have heard the noisy fellows, and seen them in great crowds, ev- idently attracted there by the great number of queens ; and I believe that a queen seldom leaves the mating-ground to find her mate. On one occasion I left by accident a num- ber of queens caged until 18 days old. I saw that a number of them had mated within two hours after distributing the nuclei one hot afternoon. I have picked up these freshly mated vir- gins, and thrown them in hives from which I was taking cells, and in a few days found them filling their combs with eggs. I can not see but there is as good a catch of fertile queens from the baby nuclei as from those of larger dimensions. Last November 57 matured cells were given to as many nuclei, and they were hauled 15 miles to mate to special drones. I caged 51 queens from this lot. 1904 GLEANINGS IN" BEE CULTURE. 977 Out of 338 baby nuclei placed on the mat- ing-grounds at one time the latter part of June, I took 270 laying queens. Several queen-breeders have written me that they are testing this new method, and report successfully. Mr. E. A. Ribble, of Roxton. Texas, writes me that, with the very first effort, he put out 25 baby nuclei and secured from them 25 laying queens. W. H. LAWS. The advantages of this new method are ap- parent. Queens can be mated by the whole- sale, with few bees and little breaking-up of good colonies of bees; but by the old method many strong colonies had to be sacrificed in order to raise a few hundred queens. Now we use the bees of one or two colonies to mate hundreds of queens, and after their use for a few days they may be returned to the colony from which they were taken. Beeville, Tex., Aug. 6. [The honey-producer must not get the im- pression that there is nothing of value for him in this article; for, indeed, he can now, apparently, fertilize his own queens at com- paratively small expense and trouble, and, what is more, select his best drones for the purpose ; and right here Mr. Laws comes pretty nearly, if he does not quite, solving a big problem— one that has puzzled bee- keepers for years. The fact that our friend has had in suc- cessful use a thousand of these baby nuclei is a strong argument in favor of their prac- ticability. This article will bear careful reading all through, as well as the follow- ing.—Ed.] THE USE OF SMALL NUCLEI FOR MATING. Brood not EssentiaL BY E. F. PHILLIPS, PH. D. That small colonies of bees, not exceeding 200 in number, will care for a queen during her mating period is now a fact beyond dis- pute. Queen-breeders have used this meth- od in an experimental way for some time, and generally ended by condemning the method; but of late there has been a revi- val of interest in this system, due mainly to the eflfortsof Mr. E. L. Pratt (Swarthmore). Mr. Pratt has used the small nuclei in his own yard with marked success, and has ad- vocated the use of the system in the face of considerable opposition. Any one who says that the system will not work must either doubt the veracity of Mr. Pratt and others who do succeed, or acknowledge that he does not know enough of the habits of bees to make this system a success. Now that the A. I. Root Co. has been using the small nu- clei, as had been reported in Gleanings; and since Mr. Laws, Mr. Weber, and others have been successful, it seems that the old full-frame queen-mating nucleus must now take a back seat. The use of small nuclei requires considera- ble care, and, above all, no little knowledge of the habits of the bee. With a larger (two or three frame) nucleus any one can introduce a virgin queen and have her mated unless he does something so absolutely un- natural that the bees die; but with smaller nuclei, unless the bees are in proper condi- tion the results will be poor. If this state- ment be considered by any one as an argu- ment in favor of larger nuclei, then it is misinterpreted, for I do not care to advocate crude methods in apiculture. In the care of bees, every move of the bee-keeper must be founded on the natural habits of the bees; and unless he knows those habits well he will get results only iv spite of his labors and not as a result of them. In small nu- clei, as nowhere else, the queen-breeder must know his reasons for every move. Bees do not adapt themselves to unnatural surround- ings and circumstances to any great degree, and therefore it is imperative that all things be in accord with their instincts. Having had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Pratt use these small boxes for some time I venture to give his methods. There is a reason back of every direction, for Mr. Pratt is a most careful observer, and knows his bees as few men do. The ideal size for a mating-box, according to Mr. Pratt, is one that will hold two frames of a size to fit six to a standard frame, so that they hang sidewise. These frames may be made of section stuff, and hung to the hive- cover by hooks. The style of box, etc., is a matter of little import; but it is quite nec- essary that the frames be in some way in- terchangeable so that they may be put in large colonies to be filled with honey; and if of the size indicated, this may be easily done. It is best not to have any projecting 978 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 corners on the frames, for these would pre- vent their being placed in a large frame. To make up colonies it is best to use bees that have just completed a batch of cells, for such bees are normally ready to have their queen mate. This is not necessary, however. Put a small teacupful into each box, close them for six to eight hours, and then run in a virgin in each box. At eve- ning remove the nuclei a mile or so, and open the entrances. Nuclei may be made up in an outyard, and brought to the main yard. After one day's flight the nuclei may be brought back to their old yard, without fear of their return to the old hive. Mr. Root says that these nuclei must be confined three days, and that was the method used at Me- dina while I was there; but this other meth- od saves two days' time, and is a httle less severe on the bees. Any queen may be in- troduced to bees that have been confined for six or eight hours, without the use of a cage. To equip the small hive, use one frame filled with honey or syrup, and one frame with a triangular piece of foundation to keep the bees busy. After the first queen is mated and removed it may be necessary to feed. An ounce of feed every day or two will keep the bees working, and queen after queen may be mated from the same box un- til finally the original supply of workers be- comes reduced, when it is necessary to make up the box again. Each queen will lay a few eggs in the box, and the supply of work- ers will thus be kept up; but I do not believe that any brood is necessary. In all the time that I was at Medina the small nuclei work- ed without brood; and while unsealed larvae may be of advantage in keeping the bees in the box, yet I doubt if it is at all necessary that they be present. To introduce a second queen in the box after a laying queen has been removed, close the entrance for six to eight hours; run in a virgin, and open at evening. By this meth- od no introducing-cage is necessary. If de- sired, an introducing-cage may be built in the cover of the hive, as was done at Me- dina while I was there, or any of the numer- ous introducing-cages may be used. I am glad to read in Gleanings that the small nuclei are not robbed. There is abso- lutely no reason why they should be, for bees with a queen will protect their hive, no matter how small their number. The editor of Gleanings is to be com- mended for the stand he takes against the use of smoke on these nuclei; for if smoked with clouds of smoke from a smoker they will naturally be discouraged. Might it not be as well to carry over the same directions regarding smoke to the manipulation of larger colonies? How any one can expect bees to behave naturally after being treated to smoke as they often are is past compre- hension. To a bee-keeper the question naturally arises, "Will these nuclei pay?" In the first place, the cost of a small box with two small frames is very little as compared with a regulation hive with its frames; but grant- ing that the bee-keeper has the hives, the question of relative expense is easily settled. If any one will consider the amount of honey that could be obtained from a large colony of bees in one season, and then think that, if these bees are divided up into two-frame nuclei, that surplus is lost, the waste of large nuclei is evident at once. One good colony will easily make 30 or 40 miniature nuclei, and still leave a good-sized nucleus for testing a queen, and that, surely, is a great saving of dollars and cents. In the second place, when once the small nuclei are in use they are infinitely easier to handle, and much time is saved in finding the queen, in feeding, and other things which all colonies need. It is to be expect- ed that there will yet remain many bee- keepers who will still refuse to believe that small nuclei are practical, simply because they themselves can not make them work; but I for one would scarcely care to take their word for the usefulness of the system after the evidence which I have had of the results that can be obtained. Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 26. [We have found since our first report that brood is not necessary. Indeed Mr. W. H. Laws at the St. Louis convention made the statement that the " babies " were better without it.— Ed.] THE PHILADELPHIA BEE-KEEPERS' ASSO- CIATION. Meeting Held at The A. I. Root Co.'s Apiary at Jenkintown, Pa., Sept. 10, 1904. BY F. HAHMAN, sec. The weather was ideal for the occasion— warm and quiet, the sun partially obscured, with occasional gleams of bright light— a day to make both visitors and bees feel content- ed and happy. The apiary was lately established, with much care and expense. The grounds have been laid out on the terrace plan, and ap- peared very attractive to the eye, with nice- ly kept lawns, and beds of cannas and other flowering plants, including a bed of large "flowering goldenrod." The colonies were strung along in straight lines, the hives neatly painted white, the whole presenting a pleasing and attractive piece of landscape. The meeting was opened by electing Dr. L. M. Weaver chairman, the president and vice-president being absent from the city. The secretary read minutes of the previous meeting, which were approved as read. Mr. John B. Parks was elected to mem- bership. Mr. Wm. A. Selser, as The A. I. Root Co.'s representative, made an address of welcome. He stated that this apiary was for the benefit of all bee-keepers in the east- ern part of the country, to demonstrate to them the advances made in apiculture from time to time, as improvements are intro- duced in bees and apicultural accessories and appliances, and to see that visitors are coi'dially invited to take advantage of the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULIURE. 979 facilities thus accorded them for study and observation. Mr. Selser said that new races of bees from all over the world would be tested in this apiary, to determine whether they possess any characteristics of value to bee-keepers at large. He also stated that the colonies now on the ground were only a starter, and the number would be largely increased next season. The meeting was now suspended to enable those present to see the bees. Hives were opened, and combs exhibited by Mr. Harold Horner, Mr. Selser's assistant. There were five colonies of bees with imported queens from Italy, of the leather-colored strain, three-banded. Mr. Selser also had a queen of the golden-to-tip variety under a magni- fying-glass. He next gave a brief sum- ming-up of the great expansion of the bee industry, now only in its infancy, but des- tined to become one of the important indus- tries of the world. On reassembling. Dr. E. F. Phillips, of Philadelphia, was called on to address the meeting on some of his observations of bee- life. Dr. Phillips made an able response, giving the results of his observations on the division of labor among bees. As his obser- vations on this subject were published in Gleanings, p. 846, it is needless to go into particulars here. Dr. Phillips' remarks were listened to with much attention, and were greatly enjoyed by those present. Mr. Selser gave an address on the good work accomplished against the adulteration of honey, and the strictness of the pure- food laws when applied to the sale of honey containing even the slightest admixture of foreign matter whatever. He cited cases in which he had acted as chemist in analyzing samples, and had invariably detected the forgeries, however slight. A discussion was started to determine the amount of honey consumed by one colony during the summer season, aside from the surplus gathered. Many of the members expressed their views, although none were backed up by actual tests. The consensus of opinion seemed to favor about 150 lbs. Overstocking was next discussed, in ans- wer to a question from one of the bee-keep- ers present. No satisfactory answer was forthcoming, because none of the members were bee-keepers of any magnitude. The secretary gave some reminiscences of the address delivered before the association about a year ago by Mr. Moore, of Arizona, in which Mr. M. had stated that overstocking had occurred in his location in the irrigated alfalfa district. Mr. John M. Hooker, of Philadelphia, late of England, was called upon to give his views. He said that bee-keeping in Eng- land is very different from that practiced in the United States. He said that their apia- ries are small, but more numerous than in this country, consequently there could be no overstocking. Mr. Hooker also referred to his visit to the large apiaries of California. The next question discussed was the quan- tity of honey produced around Philadelphia. Mr. Mark Schofield, of Philadelphia, said that a good average for the southern section of Philadelphia is about 80 lbs. per colony; sometimes, in good years, 200 lbs. would be produced. The meadows south of Philadel- phia produce vast crops of fine light honey in the fall of the year. Mr. Geo. Cullom, Spring City, Pa., about 30 miles northwest of Philadelphia, consid- ered two supers of comb honey (48 sections) a good average. Mr. Harold Horner said that 50 to 60 lbs. per colony has been the average with him in Mt. Holly, N. J. He has had as high as 150 to 175 lbs., all ex- tracted. Mr. Selser said 50 lbs. is considered very good for North Philadelphia. Mr. E. L. Pratt, of Swarthmore, Pa., was the next speaker. Mr. P. said that, two years ago, he gave a talk and demonstration before the association, to show how queens were forced to lay eggs in his artificial queen-cell cups. Since that time he has found that queens would lay eggs in the cups from choice. He found that young queens, after mating, would invariably lay eggs in the cell cups from which they had hatched. In one instance he had taken up bees into the swarm-box, to remain for six hours, and had taken up their queen with them by mistake. He found that the queen laid eggs in 32 of the cups, thus proving that she must have taken them for natural cells. Mr. Pratt also exhibited his new shipping-case for nuclei. It is a model for light weight and cheapness. It is construct- ed of pasteboard, such as is used in making book-covers; is nailed over a skeleton frame- work of wood, with wire gauze over both ends, and a space of IJ inches at these ends for these bees to cluster in. A neat handle is attached over the top, the whole package resembling a suit-case used by travelers. These cases are handled by the express messengers with the same care th':it suit- cases are handled, and, in fact, are stacked in the cars with the other suit-cases, never on their sides, handle always on top. Mr. Pratt has successfully shipped nuclei to Eu- rope in this package. He has also made hives of this material, and wintered bees in them successfully during the late cold winter. Eight candidates were nominated for mem- bership in the association. A vote of thanks was tendered The A. I. Root Co. and its manager, Mr. W. A. Sel- ser, after which the meeting adjourned. STRAWS FROM THE WEST INDIES. BY W. K. MORRISON. There is a popular notion that honey is a specific in the treatment of consumption. Recent discoveries tend to establish the truth of this. Dr. Weber, a German au- thority, regards levulose (or honey) in con- junction with other means of treatment in the light of a specific. He recommends 4 to 6 tablespoon fuls with every, meal. In the 980 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 initial stages of consumption this is success- ful in the majority of cases. The result is due to the levulose oxydizing into a form of carbonic acid. Paste this in your hat, and credit Therapeutische Monatshefte. The fact is well known that honey is good for infants, particularly those who do not seem to thrive satisfactorily. If honey (or levulose) be given, the increase in weight is as much as 300 to 400 grams per week. For this purpose it is superior to milk sugar, and it is sweeter and more palatable. It is no less valuable as a nutrient in the case of older children. So says Furst, in the Brit- ish Medical Journal. Subscribers to Gleanings who live in the tropics, and who have not read Mr. C. E. Woodward's article on Cuba, p. 700, should make haste to do so. It is just right for other tropical countries as well as Cuba— perhaps more so. Concrete sugar is the best for feeding bees, as it contains the natural wax of the sugar-cane, and is free from all chemicals. Porto Rico will lose its trade in sugar with the bee-keepers of Europe who used to feed its muscovado sugar. The sugar-estates are being made up-to-date to produce white sul- phuric-acid sugar. Amen! Of the large islands in the West Indies, Porto Rico is the most backward in the mat- ter of bee-keeping. As the colony has been under the American flag for some time, this seems the more remarkable. Peru has probably more apiaries of sting- less bees than any other country. The hon- ey from this source is thought to be superi- or to any other for medicinal purposes. It seems very probable that the Incas had these bees under domestication for ages be- fore Columbus. The nearest modern apiary to the equator is away down on the Corentyn River, on the confines of Surinam. The proprietor is a Belgian named Franck. Comb honey has been shipped from Trini- dad to England, where it arrived in first- class condition, and realized fair prices. This is a record, so far as the West Indies is concerned. The honey season in the tropics is the dry season. It rains too steadily in the wet sea- son to allow bees to gather a surplus. In Trinidad the honey season extends from Jan- uary to June; in British Guiana the period is July to December, though the distance which separates them is only 200 miles. Here is a good chance for migratory bee- keeping if transport becomes cheap. Mr. Powell, the former genial curator of the St. Vincent Botanical Experiment Sta- tion, who takes a lively interest in bee-keep- ing, has taken charge of a station far away in British East Africa. As there are plenty of bees in that country, probably he will soon start an apiary having all the latest ap- pliances, as an object-lesson to the savages of that region. The Canadian commercial agents having investigated the subject, report the British honey market preempted by West-Indian and Chilian honey. This is good, as the Ca- nucks levy a very high tariff on West-Indian honey. It is a poor rule that doesn't work both ways. If Canada won't buy our honey we won't buy hives up there— so there! Buenos Ayres, with 800,000 inhabitants; Sao Paulo with 350,000, and Rio de Janeiro with 400,000, ought to be good markets for honey, as the people have the cash, and are not averse to eating nice foods. These cit- ies are not behind North-American places in general appearances. Beeswax is eagerly sought for to make church-candles. Around Bogota, E. U. Colombia, are large areas of alfalfa, which readily accounts for the ease with which honey is secured in that locality. Wheat and other temperate crops are also grown to perfection, which makes living cheaper than elsewhere in Spanish America. The ackee fruit-tree is an excellent bee- plant; and where common, as in Demarara, it ought to prove a fruitful source of honey. Mammee sapote is also a fair producer, but not equal to the ackee. A kind of borage is an excellent honey- producer in Trinidad and other West-Indian islands, and might with advantage be intro- duced elsewhere. So far as the tropics are concerned, cy- press is much superior to pine from almost every point of view, more particularly for its lasting qualities. A hive-stand made of pine is of little use in moist countries with heavy rainfalls— that is, 60 to 150 inches per annum. A good many tropical bee-masters would appreciate a recipe for making honey-cakes similar to those made of sugar and shredded cocoanut. They can not have solid honey, for obvious reasons ; but a honey-cake would suit if it is cheap and good. The pickanin- nies of the West Indies have a very sweet tooth that must be gratified ; and with a ' ' mamma ' ' to tote the cakes around, the sale problem is simple. »♦»»••* • • CALIFORNIA NOTES AND COMMENTS. Honey Consumption; Redwood Hives; Baby Nu- clei, etc. BY W. A. H. GILSTRAP. When reading a paper I frequently mark points of special interest with a blue crayon. Gleanings gets many such marks, and my ideas on some of them may be of interest. Page 188, to kill a skunk I take a pole somewhat heavier than a fishing-pole, and whip the animal to death on short notice, on a moonlight night. Lately I dispatched two fine skunks in less than three minutes by this process. Amount of honey used by a colony (page 376) will never be known. The quantity fed a colony during a dearth is no test, as, dur- ing a flow, owing to more exercise, bees use much more honey. In this country they evidently use over 100 lbs. per colony on an average. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 981 It is my belief that lizards kill bees (page 658) ; but as they are timid they would rath- er watch the apiarist than kill bees in his presence. It could be expected that a lizard would lap a bee up as quick as a flash or not at all. They often take refuge in a hive, and are frequently found dead there— prob- ably stung by the bees. For several years I have killed them on suspicion. On same page there is a report of two queens in one cell. Frequently, when graft- ing with very small larvEe, 1 could not be quite sure that the larva was landed safely, and another one used, which has resulted in two larv£e being kept in the cell for several days. While I never knew two queens to mature in one cell, it is not surprising that it should occur. Pages 687, 688, twenty-pound stones, or stones of any we'ght, could hardly be as handy here as to put a brick on a hive. They are a convenient weight to handle, and heavy enough to hold the lid. It pays to have a weight on hives where only flat cov- ers are used. With the wind we have here, shade-boards are out of the question unless the apiary is in a protected locality. Pryal's article, Aug. 1, reminds me of some unpainted redwood hives which I used for kindling four or five years ago because they were an undesirable size and shape. If my recollection of their history is correct, the older ones were in use before the 1862 flood, and the newest ones were made about 1863, and they might have lasted 70 years longer. The corners were put together in ordinary box fashion, and had kept in much better order than some comparatively new Dovetailed hives that I once handled that were made by one of the largest bee-supply firms of the world. The old hives had never been handled much; even the frames had been at rest nearly all the time. Such hives, however, are not able to stand the rough usage that pine can. This is es- pecially true of the frames. The delicate "ears" of a HoflFman frame would not do at all if made of redwood. But I never saw a Hoffman frame that I cared much for, any way. HHad p. 798 reached me before I tried the baby nuclei, perhaps the puzzle would have been too much for me. It doesn't seem Eossible to make a success of them with rood in the comb. As I had been using combs 4f X7 inches— four to the hive— it was natural enough to use the same comb for the baby nuclei. No brood was used. So far as tried, they were a success; but a more extended use might change matters. The bees were confined one day, and were brought from an outyard. Little honey was coming in at the time, and none of the ' ' babies ' ' were fed. They look too contemptibly little to be worth smoking, and one can almost grin so small an estab- lishment into submission. One thing more about the little ' ' fixins. ' ' As some of the bees insisted on getting in the joint of the hive (my first trial was from Mr. Laws' wrrite-up in the Review), I tried some made like a regular hive (smaller of course) , and closed it by placing a small stick on each side of the top-bar after the frame was in place. This simplifies con- struction, and suits me better in use. Modesto, Cal., Aug. 29. SELLING AMBER COMB HONEY FOR WHITE clover; THE DAMAGE SUCH PRACTICE DOES TO THE COMB-HONEY BUSINESS. Why is it that some honey which is said to be white-clover comb is of a golden yel- low color? Others which I raise myself, and know to be white-clover honey, is a pure white. Is it true that some people feed mo- lasses to their bees, and that makes the yel- lowish effect? I have tasted both kinds, and there is a decidedly different taste be- tween them. I sold a crate to a grocer here, and in a few days went in to see if he had sold any, and if he had heard how his custom- ers liked it. He told me that one lady came back and said that she positively could not eat it. I don't know why, for I surely have not had any other complaints like it. The grocer said that it was not white honey, and showed me some from the country, which was yellow. He called it white-clover honey. I suppose his customers had been so used to getting molasses-fed honey that, when they did get the real article, they did not know it. Of course, I will not say that the yellow-white honey is molasses, as I do not know, and am asking your advice with regard to it. I know, as I said before, that the honey which I raised is from white clo- ver, and it also looked white too. What made me angry was that the grocer said it looked like paraffine comb, or manufactured honey. H. F. Carl. Washington, D. C. [Regarding your question I would say that white-clover honey, strictly speaking, is white honey. Of course, it is not absolutely snow-white, but it is as white as most hon- ey. Comb honey of a golden yellow may be a mixture of white clover and some other source. There is a carelessness on the part of dealers (perhaps it is dishonesty) in some cases in selling off grades of honey as white clover. People buy it, it does not taste like the white clover they have had before, and they conclude that it is manufactured. I do not believe there is any one feeding bees molasses to get sections of comb honey filled out. If such persons were dishonest enough to do a thing of this kind there would be more ' ' method in their madness. ' ' 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 983 They would feed granulated-sugar syrup, which would give a white honey rather than an amber. There is a great deal of poor comb honey on the market — that is, amber and dark; and some of it, we are sorry to say, is sold for white clover. This is one of the things that help to keep these canards going. — Ed.] A CHAFF-HIVE APIARY. Broadway apiary is owned by me, and is run for extracted honey by my wife and my- self. It consists of 2oU hives, mostly two- story Langstroth frames, using excluder and a set of honey-comb kept for the honey every season exclusively. I never keep queens over two years old. They are all clipped, and a record kept. We control increase by putting back as far as possible. My wife was in- duced to come out and help me in the api- ary, partly for want of health and partly for her help; and the outdoor exercise has built her up so that she outweighs her husband at present. We have mastered the winter problem, and I may some time give our ex- perience along this line. C. W. Barnum. Kincardine, Ont., Aug. 27. PLURALITY OF LAYING OR FERTILE WORK- ERS IN A HIVE AT A TIME. In Gleanings of January 1, 1904, I came across the following: "If anyone else has seen a plurality of fertile workers in the act of laying, I wish he would hold up his hand." Well, right here I stop and hold up both. I had two hives that went wrong; and on looking for the cause I found traces of laying workers; after a while I caught them in the act, killing as many as 20 at a search, and on examination I found in every case an egg ready for laying. In one hive I took as many as 27 eggs from one cell, and in the other hive as many as 34; what comb they did have was covered with cells full of eggs, many of them having eggs stuck on the sides and top, and, what is more, I have taken as many as 5 larv£e out of one cell. Some of the eggs hatched out into fine drones. I have fixed one hive all right, hav- ing got a new queen reared, but am having a job with the other, which has reared an un- fertile queen out of 13 fine queen-cells. What remedy is there? Geordy. Shanghai, China, June 24. hiving a swarm on THE OLD STAND; WAS IT A FAILURE? I made an error at swarming-time this year which will probably result in the loss of a fine colony; and, while it is likely that many have had the same experience, there may be some whom my mistake would bene- fit. The most up-to-date bee-keepers here hive their swarms on foundation on the old stand, and set the unfinished super or supers on the new swarm at once. This I have done for two years, and it has always worked nicely, as the bees would finish the sections quickly. go to work in the brood-nest, and, if the flow continued, become a fine colony in a few weeks. This year I hived a swarm as above, and set over two half-filled supers. The queen went "up-stairs" immediately and began to lay, and I soon had 56 sections containing a mixture of honey, brood, and pollen. The queen is still in the sections, and there is not a drawn cell on the founda- tion starters below. I will see that they have plenty to winter on, put them in the cellar, and, if they live, will shake them out in the spring and build them up. I see plainly now that the plan of setting the su- pers on the new swarm is all right, only it should not be done until the brood-nest is es- tablished. C. G. Francis. Marion, Ohio, Sept. 20. [One swallow doesn't make a summer, neither does one failure show that the plan was necessarily wrong. While, perhaps, it is safer to use full sheets of foundation in the brood-nest instead of starters, yet in the great majority of cases hiving on starters and putting supers on immediately does not force the queen into the sections. As a rule, queens don't like to lay in small shut- up compartments like sections. —Ed.] THE 20-LB. stone A NECESSITY TO HOLD DOWN THE COVER. That 20-lb. stone is necessary, for we must have something to hold the covers on until the bees get them stuck fast. There may come up a strong wind right after you have had a hive open, and off goes the cover. I have tried it, and I have no cloths under the covers. I use bricks, which are as handy as stones to have on the covers. I can turn them in so many ways to indicate the condi- tion in the hive that I don't know how I could get along without it. It is right be- fore you all the time, and beats the book. When I get to the beeyard all I do is to look at the bricks, and I know then what to do. Daniel Danielsen. Brush, Colo. [A brick is all right to hold covers on where there are liable to be strong gusts of wind. If it is heavy enough, why have a 20- lb. stone? It is the big back-breaking stones that, it seems to me, must increase the labor of a bee-keeper in the height of the season enormously. — Ed. ] DEATH OF ONE OF THE OLD PIONEERS IN BEE-KEEPING. 1 have learned with deep regret of the fall of another of God's noblemen. Our friend and brother in apiculture, J. A. Golden, of Reinersville, Ohio, died Lord's day, Sept. 11, leaving a wife surviving, deserving of and to whom our sympathy is extended. Addison, Pa. J. G. Hartzell. [Mr. Golden will be remembered as the in- ventor of a section-cleaner, illustrated on p. 386, 1898. At this time, much attention was paid to that matter, and J. A. Green refers 984 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 to it in last issue. Mr. Golden added a good many practical ideas to bee-lore, and we re- gret his loss.— Ed.] SOME OF MY LITTLE WHIMS. The best brush to use among bees is a wing from a hen or a hawk, or any bii'd not too large or too small. A right-hand wing is preferred. The best scraper for removing wax or pro- polis is a shingling-hatchet, not too sharp, and without a handle. Such a tool is just right for weight and shape. The best smoker fuel that I can get is old dry cow-chips. They burn steadily, and make plenty of smoke. To start a smoke I have a box of primers. To prepare the primers I take old calico, and make patches about four inches by six, and tie a loose single knot in each one, leav- ing the ends projecting for quicker lighting; then I soak them in saltpeter water, not too strong, and lay them up to dry. When dry they are easy to light with a match, even in a wind. When lighted, drop it in your smoker and pile in the fuel. I must relate a little of my experience that to me, at least, was surprising. I was holding in my hand a piece of brood comb. I saw a young queen cut herself out of a cell. She then walked a few steps and put her head into a cell of honey and commenced drinking, and almost at the same instant she commenced piping. Both operations continued without either one interfering with the other. J. A. Barber. Chuluota, Fla. [The idea of having primers, or having the fuel itself made ignitible by the use of salt- peter, while not new is valuable. Dr. Mil- ler uses rotten wood that has been soaked in saltpeter water, and dried. W. L. Coggshall uses old phosphate-sacks rolled up and tied. These rolls are just large enough to go into the smoker-barrel, one end being dipped in saltpeter water to facilitate igniting. It is my opinion, based on the experience of our men, that this old ijhosphate-sacking is one of the best fuels that has ever been suggest- ed. It ignites instantly, and gives a lastirg and pungent smoke. A queen or bee does not emit sounds by means of the mouth for it is not a breathing organ as with us but an orifice through which food is received. It was at one time sup- posed that the noise was produced by the wings, because a very rapid vibration of them can be noticed; but if the wings are cut off close the queens can pipe just the same. Just how the sound is produced is not yet definitely settled. —Ed.] the hive to winter the bees, but there is more than I want to waste on them. Can I shake them in front of a hive where there is a laying queen, and have them received if I make the bees in both hives smell alike? Will the drone layer be apt to kill a valu- able queen? Mrs. J. B. Blakely. Neenah, Wis., Sept. 27. [A colony with a drone-laying queen should be removed immediately. The bees, what there are of them, less the drones, should be united with some other colony. It may be advisable to use a little tobacco smoke to prevent fighting; and if the queen is a valu- able one she should be caged, although the probabilities are she would not be molested. -Ed.] bees and rheumatism; automobiles and horses. I am now 77 years old, and have handled bees almost all my life, as my father kept bees ever since I remember. I was not only stung by honey-bees, but wasps, hornets, and yellow-jackets. About two years ago I hived a swarm of bees, not having gloves on; and in shaking down, the bees dropped on my bare hands, and they stung me terribly. Every few days through the summer I get stung by bees, and yet I have the rheuma- tism so badly that my fingers draw all out of shape, and I have rheumatic pains almost all the time. In regard to the "mobile," those people who are so terribly afraid of them must not come to Lansing, for there are about 40 in use in the city; you meet them almost every- where, and I have heard of no horse running away yet on their account. Women and even young girls run them in the city and country. When the factory is completed they will turn out about 35 finished machines per day. In regard to using an auto to go to church on Sunday, I think it is more humane and Christlike to bring your auto in play than to hitch up your horses and drive them four or five miles and let them stand two to three hours in the hot sun for the flies to torment. Of course, I do not believe in taking business or pleasure trips on Sunday with any vehicle. Lansing, Mich., Oct. 5. Isaac Parker. [There are different kinds of rheumatism, and different individuals are differently con- stituted. We have had favorable and unfa- vorable reports regarding the value of bee- stings for rheumatism, so that we must con- clude they cure some and not others. See editorials in this issue. — Ed.] A drone-laying queen. I have one colony of bees that has a drone- laying queen. She lays a few eggs in two different brood-frames so that there is seal- ed brood all the time; but I can not find the queen. I dare not buy a queen lest this drone-layer kill her. How am I going to get rid of her? There is not honey enough in HOW to keep ants away from honey with tanglefoot fly-paper. Ants will not put their feet on tanglefoot fly-paper. Put pieces three or four inches square under each table leg, or two or three sheets under the lower super of honey when you are stacking them up, and ants can't get into the honey or reach any thing on the table. j. L. Hyde. Pomfret Landing, Conn., Aug. 20. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CUL1 URE. 985 HOW OLD MUST BEES BE TO GO TO THE FIELDS? I think, with Dr. Miller, that the notion that bees must be at least 17 days old to be of any value during a honey-flow is a mis- take. ' When a colony has been queenless for some time, there is always a rapid in- ci-ease in the number of field-bees as soon as the new brood begins to hatch, long be- fore any of the young bees can appear as outdoor workers. I requeened several colo- nies under just those conditions this year, and watched them closely after the twenty- first day. I confess I was rather surprised to see the field force just about double in the next ten days. The explanation is, of course, that some of the older bees are kept at home to do the housewoi'k, and are re- leased for field duty as soon as young ones hatch to take their places. Mr. Phillips' contention, that young bees stay at home because they can not see to go to the field, may be all right. But why is it that bees five days old will gather pollen when there are none older in the colony? Thev will do that, I am pretty sure. Newman, Ills. C. F. Bender. A RAGING FIRE IN A BEE-YARD. I write you these few lines to let you know how well a good stock of your red-clover queen I got of you behaved during a fierce fire that almost wiped out my apiary Sept. 10. It broke out in an adjoining storage- shed of a paper-mill, which bui'ned with such rapidity that I could not remove the bees, as it was about noon when the fire broke out. In a few minutes some of my strong- est colonies were on fire, the covers burnt ofl", and the combs in the top stories were melted and the bees suffocated. There were thousands in the air when the firemen arrived; but I went with them and instruct- ed them not to upset with the stream the hives, which they did not, and none of the firemen were stung, nor spectators. I am sorry I could not get you a photo; but the next day the remaining bees cleaned up the honey that was left, and this week I have got them in shape to try bee-keeping again, as I have had experience with flood in my apiary; but I would rather have six floods than one fire. It is surprising what heat some colonies can stand, and survive. Your queen survived the fire. I harvested my crop in July, which was very good. The bees were not insured. Bridgeport, Pa. Wm. H. Earnshaw. A TRICK WORTH KNOWING ABOUT KEEPING BOTTLED HONEY FROM LEAKING. In keeping extracted honey in Mason or other self -sealing glass jars there is always some trouble from leakage or "creeping" of the honey over the edge of the jar. This soon spoils the neat clean appearance of the jar, besides making the handling of it dis- agreeable. I think I have discovered a cure for the trouble— at least one that works sat- isfactorily with me. I have not given it publicity, mainly because it may not work well in careless hands. Here is the remedy: 1 take paper of suitable kind and thickness, and coat one side with beeswax. Cut it in disks to fit in the jar-covers without falling out. I put the waxed side out, or so as to be next the jar. Put a rubber on the jar in the usual way ; put this cover on, and screw down fairly tight. This disk seals the jar at the top, preventing any honey from run- ning over the edge when tipped. This is the honey that creeps out, as it can not get back into the jar when once over the edge; and any thing that will seal the jar at the top is a cure. The object of this letter is this: If you think the matter is of sufficient general in- terest or benefit for you to make these pa- per disks as an article of bee-supplies, do so. The greatest trouble is the coating of the paper and the cutting of the disks by hand. N. P. Selden. Belle Plaine, Iowa, March 21. [We should be glad to make them if there should be a call for them; but the variety of styles of jars, as well as of sizes, would make it difficult to keep an assortment. — Ed.] HONEY-DEW ; APHIDES AT THE VERY TOP OF THE TREE. • I have been reading what you say in the ABC book in regard to honey-dew; but we have a kind here that put me at a loss, and have had it for about ten days. What puz- zles me the most is, we have had three of the hardest rains we have had for years, and the honey-dew comes just the same. This morning the trees were just soaking wet, but the bees were working as if on basswood. It is mostly on the red oak. It is of a very high color, but has the flavor of all honey-dew. It is an impossibility for one to find an insect of the kind you say always appears when there is honey-dew. I have been talking with three other bee-men, and they are having the same experience. Now, what I should like to know is, will this honey be fit to winter bees on? E. EVELAND. Barneveld, Wis., Sept. 18. [The fact that you do not see the aphides or insects that secrete this honey-dew does not prove that they are not somewhere pres- ent in the tree, probably at the extreme top. By reading over the item on ' * Honey- dew" in the A B C of Bee Culture you will see that these insects are often at the very top of the trees. The saccharine exudation is thrown off in a spray, drops on the lower limbs, dries up, and, after a rain, is moist- ened up so that the bees can gather it. If you make a further investigation you will probably find the aphides at the very top of the trees. Generally honey-dew is an unfit winter food. Still, bees very often, yes, generally, winter on it well. Later. —Since writing the foregoing, Mr. Eveland says he has been to the tops of the trees, and that there are no aphides there; 986 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 that the honey-dew he finds is a saccharine secretion from the buds. This is probably correct. — Ed.] QUESTIONS ANSWERED FOR A CUBAN INQUIR- ER. Before me Hes a letter from a correspond- ent in Cauto, Cuba, under date of Aug. 19, wishing me to answer the following ques- tions. Seeing your articles in Gleanings, he says: 1. Is it a good plan to feed from now on till the honey-flow, about October 1? 2. Would you advise me to go to the ex- pense of getting full sheets of foundation, or having them made from starters? 3. What is the best thing to ship my hon- ey in? Where can I get the best price for it? 4. Where can I get the best breeding queens? I replied: 1. One should feed his bees from the time they commence until they meet the natural honey-flow. If feeding be shut down before the honey-flow comes, all the feed is lost. 2. By all means use full sheets of founda- tion every time. The poorer you are, the more foundation you can afford to use. 3. The best package for extracted honey is the white iron drums holding about 60 gallons each. This package is a new thing, and is as good as it is new, and is much safer for long rough shipments than any other package in the market, and is not injurious in the least to the honey. If your honey is a No. 1 article, and you are a heavy honey- producer, I would advise you to ship your honey to Hillworth & Co., New York. But your honey should be well ripened before shipping it. 4. You can get fine queens of The A. I. Root Co. C. E. Woodward. Guanabana, Cuba. mammoth sunflowers for shade, and sunflower seed for chickens. As a part of my bees are exposed to the sun, which is too hot for best results here in Colorado, I have planted mammoth sun- flowers on the south side of each hive, and am very much pleased with them. Of course, I strip ofi" the leaves up to the top of the hive. I also find the seed splendid for chickens. The variety I have had flow- ers last year that measured 19 inches across. I call them my umbrellas, which they very much resemble. W. C. Evans. Fort Collins, Colo. Is it an uncommon occurrence for bees to be broodless in September, located in North- central Ohio? All bees in this locality at present, and for the past three weeks, have been broodless. W. C. Haines. McComb, Ohio, Sept. 26. [It is not an uncommon occurrence for bees to be broodless in September; indeed, it is a normal condition. —Ed.] fWf* Cntn,.! Profits inBeeCulture ) «' : Ihaveayoungfriencf iv/>o has studied the bees. I have a young- friend who has studied the bees. And can tell all about them with marvelous ease. She talks of the workers, the drones, and the queens. And you can't say of her that she "doesn't know beans. For she does; and whatever this girl hears or sees Sets her tongue running fast on the subject of bees. " There's a bee in her bonnet," I know by the sound. For there's plenty of buzzing when she is around. And she'll wax very eloquent, telling how inoney Will roll in as soon as she markets her honey. I really believe she will meet with success. And that I'd like to help her I'm free to confess. A worker herself, she is bound to succeed In the culture of bees; and 'twere folly indeed To try to induce her to give up the scheme. For she says, "I'm persuaded that this is no dream." So she hums to herself (she is only ninteen). And holds fast to her plan with the grace of a queen. I wish she would notice that I'm not a drone. And pity me, knowing that I live alone! I will play " busy bee," keeping ever in sight This sweet apiarist in whom I delight. I'll buy her a comb; and after a spell I'll arrange for her comfort a right royal cell. Perhaps if a bad bee would sting her some day. She would fly to my arms for protection, and stay. If she doesn't, I'll wait till the swarming-time comes When folks run about beating tin pans and drums. And then I'll be certain to capture this queen. To i-eign o'er my hive and make all things serene. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 987 HOMES, BV A.I. R O OT. No good thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly.— Psalm 84 : 11. I presume almost every one of our readers has at times been startled by the recent wonderful achievements in science, in the arts, and in mechanics. When I was but a child people were talking and holding up their hands in astonishment at the advance of the locomotive. A little later one of my schoolmates said, "On the way to Akron there is a lot of folks putting up wires on poles. On top of the poles there is a cross- piece like the letter T, and some of the poles have two or three wires. What in the world are they for? ' ' Just one boy in the lot was able to explain that people talked through those wires; but his explanation was received with a shout of contempt. "Talking through a wire!" Then a general exclamation of derision fol- lowed, because of even the idea of any thing so ridiculous. A few years later, when I became crazy on electricity I went around to the schoolhouses showing a model of an electric engine operated by a battery, and I predicted that, in just a short time, say three or four years, electricity would sup- plant steam. Instead of three or four years, however, it took thirty or forty years. During this period there were various inventions and improvements in the lines of both electricity and steam. When the boy Edison began to startle the world I was full of interest and enthusiasm. At our prayer-meeting last Saturday afternoon our pastor said it was his belief the Holy Spirit was giving the world these great inventions; and he asked the question, "Does anybody know whether Edison is a professing Christian? " I said I believed he was not at the time of many of his great discoveries; but that, if I was cor- rect, he married a devoted Christian woman, and soon after, probably through her in- fluence, united with the church. Soon after, Marconi came with wireless telegraphy and startled the earth. Then Prof. Currie and his good wife (perhaps I ought to say Mad- am Currie and her good husband) gave to the world radium, startling and upsetting some established points held by the greatest scientists of the world. Well, we have not yet quite caught our breath since radium has come on the stage. We are waiting for the united scientists of the world to tell us what it is and what it is good for. Now, then, is there a man or woman of average intelligence, and one who loves God. who has not been startled by these new and wonderful achievements? I should prefer to say gifts from God, and I presume a few, myself among the number, are beginning to beheve that the great Father has some spe- cial purpose in this period of the world's his- tory of opening his hand, and showering forth these new and precious gifts. I did not mention the telephone; but not a day passes that I do not start and almost trem- ble when I take in the fact that we are now talking to each other face to face, almost oblivious of distance. What is coming next? This has been ringing in my ears for some time. I do not know how many other ears have caught on to that question or a similar one; but I think there must be a good many, especially those who love and reverence the great Ruler of this mighty universe, the lov- ing Father, who perhaps also feels a thrill of gladness when we express to him our thanks, and recognize him as the great giver of all good. And now for our text. Some may urge that these good things are, many of them, sent to those who do not walk uprightly; but may it not be true, dear brothers and sisters, that God thinks best to send his Holy Spirit just as he does the gen- tle rain, on the just and on the unjust? Yet it pains me all the same when I see the auto- mobile mostly in the hands of those who recognize no God. May be I am making a little mistake right here, and perhaps they do recognize God in some sort of fashion. But what hurts me most is that they seem to make no sort of recognition of his holy sabbath or his will concerning it. Now_ just a word to those who say that great inventors are not all known as pro- fessing Christians. In my list I omitted the submarine cable; and while I recall it to mind (for I remember distinctly the years of hard work and almost a mint of money ex- pended before it was a success) I remember with joy that Cyrus W. Field was a devoted Christian; and so were Morse and Franklin; and we should not forget Swammerdam, who knew so much about bees; and the list might be continued indefinitely. Well, friends, what is coming next? When some- body told me we were to shout so as to be heard across the ocean. I was startled again, and said to myself, "What is there in the future that can be more wonderful? " I need not tell you of the progress that has been made and is being made every day in more rapid transportation of individuals. For a long period a mile a minute was the desideratum; and when we got up to that there seemed to be a general agreement that it would not be safe to move human beings any faster; but the electric locomotive that I predicted in my boyhood has been getting in its work, and over in Germany they have already moved human beings at the rate of over two miles a minute; and just recently the automobile on a steel railway track has b3en covering long distances in a shorter time than either steam or electricity. A paper of this week announces that it is now possible for one to have breakfast in Chica- go and supper in New York, and he can have both meals by daylight. But the automobile is the only "craft" that can do it just now. I extract from the Cleveland Leader the fol- lowing, which may suggest to you something of what I have in mind: GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 GREAT SPEED RECORDS. On roads, on rails of steel and iron, in the water and in the air, man has strained body and mind to attain the highest possible rate of motion. He has used his mas- tery of nature's forces to transport himself from place to place in the shortest possible time. He has made engines driven by steam, by exploding gas, and by com- pressed air. He has harnessed the winds and chained the mysterious electric energy of the earth. He has mn the gamut from small to great in the devices he has constructed to help him move faster than he can on his own unaided legs. What has he accomplished? Up to date what are the limits of speed reached on land, in water, through the air? How much has he gained over the animals ? Bees, marked with paint, have been released exactly a mile from their hives, and reached home in 58 or 59 seconds. Lake gulls have been timed accurately by dropping bread over the rail of a steamer and taking the exact second when they rise to catch up with the vessel as the start of their flight. They do a mile a minute easily. Frigate birds fly for hours faster than any gull. Some naturalists believe they can cross the Atlantic, from Brazil to Senegal, where the ocean is 1200 miles wide, in a single night. Many homing-pigeon records surpass a mile a minute, for distances ranging up to 300 miles and more. For 100 miles the rate of 88 miles an hour has been proved. Water creatures are much slower; but dolphins and sharks keep up with ordinary ocean steamers easily, making side excursions about the vessels much as lively dogs do when out for a country stroll with a man. It is believed that salmon make spurts at the rate of 25 to 30 miles an hour in ascending rivers. In water, as on land, man was hopelessly behind many other creatures until he called wind, steam, gas, electricity, and endless in- genious mechanism to his aid. Now he is faster than any other animal on land and in the water, but the birds still beat him easily in their own element. I have for many years known that bees can make a mile a minute; and in the exper- iment given I think they did this with a load one way, and without a load I think they fly considerably faster. The fact the carrier pigeons cover a distance as great as 300 miles, at a mile a minute, suggests what men will do when they get to navigating the air. The closing sentence of the above ex- tract intimates that the birds still beat us in their own element; but I want to tell you that the bees and the birds both will have to be up and dusting if they keep out of our way. Consider for a moment the great saving of stone roads, railway tracks, and grading, to say nothing of the enormous expense of bridges.'^ The cost of bridges alone in and near some of our great cities goes way up into the millions. When we fly through the air, muddy roads cut no figure, and the price of rubber can go down again, for rubber tires (puncture-proof, etc.) are not "in it." Our machines for carrying passengers can be fin- ished up in the highest style of art, and they can be kept clean because they will never touch mud nor any thing muddy; and *And, again, as an illustration of what good roads cost, or, rather what bad roads cost compared with not needing any roads at all, I snbmit the following, clipped from the Louisville Courier-Journal: WHT FARMERS SHOt)LD ADVOCATE GOOD ROADS. It is estimated that it costs the farmers $950,000,000 a year to move their products to the railway stations. The dis- tances to be traversed vary greatly in different sections. The minimum average is four miles, in New Jersey. In Arizona the average is 60 miles, in Utah 38 miles, and in W.vomini^ 40 miles. In the Southern States the general av- erage is about 10 miles. It is supposed to cost about 25 cents per ton to transport farm products a mile, and it is estimat- ed that two-thirds of the present cost might be saved if good roads were universal. That means an annual saving of over t;600,000,000 a year. Besides, the Agricultural Department estimates that the value of the farms would be increased to the extent of $5,000,000,000. there will be no dust to speak of— that is, if we can induce the railways, automobiles, and hoi'sedrawn vehicles to let up a little in "kicking up such clouds of dust" continu- ally. We can go anywhere and everywhere whether they have a railroad or a macadam highway or not. Fourteen years ago a friend showed me a periodical devoted to automobiles. I do not know that the name had been coined then. This periodical was termed The Horseless Age. At the time, it really seemed to me that a magazine like that, even though pub- lished monthly, would hardly be supported. It is now a weekly, and there are toward a dozen periodicals on this same subject, most of them weeklies. I am sorry to know, however, that the greater part of them are mostly devoted to the sporting and racing feature. I wonder if I am the first one in the world to suggest that we now need a periodical devoted to the navigation of the air. The Horseless Age was started before any thing had been done worth mentioning; and it greatly aided progress by posting peo- ple up and comparing notes. Let me tell you ivhy it is needed. An inventor whom I have visited (he will not permit me to give his name here) is spending thousands of dollars in making an air-ship, and years of time, sometimes working day and night; and this inventor would stop wasting money if he knew what was going on in some other parts of the world. The papers tell us there are still other inventors, but they prefer to keep their plans secret because each man will have it that lie is right and all the rest are wrong. If these men could have a conven- tion, and would trust each other, not only would time and money be saved, and proba- bly also precious lives, but the new develop- ment would make a great stride. Please, dear friends, do not imagine that I am talk- ing about air-ships held aloft by great bulky unwieldy balloons. I hope the progressive world has got past that idea. Santos Du- mont may astonish us with what he has done with a dirigible balloon; but this is not what we need at all. We want a machine that will float as easily and safely as the bees, the butterflies, and the carrier pigeons do; and, may the Lord be praised, it is al- ready in sight. TEACHING A GRADED SPAN OF HORSES IN ONE LESSON OF ONLY THREE HOURS SO THEY WILL NEVERMORE BE AFRAID OF AUTOS. Dear Sir:— I want to add my testimony to the ease with which almost any horse can be accustomed to auto- mobiles. While 1 do not at present own one myself. I have ridden and driven a good many belonging to friends. I have a very spirited pair of driving horses, and they were both veiy much afraid of automobiles, whether the same were running or standing still. I got a friend of mine to bring his automobile out to my house, and it took me just three hours to teach them that there is no- thing to fear, and they have never forgotten their les- sons, and pay no more attention to automobiles they may meet on the road, or that may pass them on the road, which is a severer test. All they do now is to^ prick up their ears and watch them closely. I think I could now teach any horse to pay no attention to them in less than three hours. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 989 Also allow me to add how very much interested I have been in each and every article you have written con- cerninR- automobiles, and I hope you will write many more on the same subject. I thin); Mr. Terry is mistak- en when he says. " We farmers furnish the land and keep up the roads," at least that would not be exactly true of this State, as here the county owns the roads and expends the road taxes paid by every property- holder in the county, farmers included, on these roads. And in the first instance, the land taken up by the roads have been boURht from each farmer when they were originally made, and he does not own that land any more, and can not raise crops on it nor run any fence across it, both of which he would surely be entitl- ed to do did he own it. Muses Bottom, W. Va. L. S. Rawi,inson. While the above is putting it in a much shorter period than I would have done, I think the writer is pretty nearly right if not entirely so; and is it not a fact that it is just now dawning upon this great world of ours that horses may be educated to an ex- tent that we have heretofore little dreamed of? See reports from across the ocean, and afso exhibitions at the St. Louis exposition. SOMETHING FROM "THE HORSE'S STAND- POINT." Mr. Root:— We ai-e much interested in your articles on automobiles. I wonder a little that nothing is ever written from the horse's standpoint. Does any one stop to think that the average horse has a rather hard time of it, and that great numbers of them have a very hard time? We live 20 miles from a railroad, and keep a horse: but I rejoice at each new indication that the auto is coming. A number of stages go in and out of this place each day. Teams of four or six horses are con- stantly going and coming with freight. The crack of the big whip is a common sound. All have mountains to climb. Often the driver does not use good judgment in handling his teams, and the strain comes doubly hard on some. Throughout this State during the dry season, another gi-eat army of people are traveling. These are the campers. Among them, also, are many jaded ill-fed horses. They usually carry a heavy load of bedding, cooking-utensils, etc. I look at the weary horses, and rejoice to think that some day the automobile will re- lieve them. One who has never been in the mountains can not i-ealize what climbing vyith loads is for horses. Lakeport, Cal., Sept. 26. L. W. Densmore. Many thanks, my good friend, for having put in a plea for better treatment for horses. If the advent of the automobile should re- lieve in even a small degree the horse as a beast of burden, I should rejoice. I have all my life (many times on these pages) protested against cruelty to and overloading the poor horses. If the automobile is going to bear the heavy burdens, and let the horses do the lighter work, and become more a com- panion to man rather than an abject slave, tortured and cruelly used at that, then we can rejoice. It is not uncommon to find horses that have more intelligence and good judgment in their line of work than the beast (in man's image) that drives and abuses them. On page 898, Sept. 15, one of the writers uses the expression, "your sweet-tempered Mrs. Root." I took the letter over and read it to her before it was put into print, and you should have heard her ringing laugh when she heard herself called "sweet-tempered." I think I shall have to confess that I put it in print with- out her permission; and when she saw it she was not exactly "sweet-tempered." She said in substance, it is not true; it never was true, and she feared it never would be true. Notwithstanding the above, I have my own opinion in regard to the matter. May be I am biased a little in her favor. But this is true: Whenever she sees a drunken man (or any other brute) beating a horse that is doing its very best, she is like- ly to show a peculiar trait that the world might not call "sweet-tempered." If a man wants to get mad at his auto, and abuse it while he is on a drunken spree, none of God's creatures are made to suffer. If he overtaxes it or abuses it in any way while he is in a fury, he must pay the pen- alty out of his own pocket. LONG - RANGE WEATHER - PREDICTIONS, OR TELLING WHAT THE WEATHER WILL BE FOR A YEAR IN ADVANCE. I feel it my duty to keep bringing this matter up so long as there are people who quote the fake weather-prophets. The fol- lowing extract is from a recent issue of the Cleveland Leader: " I will go on record with the statement that it is im- possible to forecast the weather of ten successive days for a given locality on scientific principles. Any one pre- tending to do so is a humbug in the fullest sense of the word, and can be proved so in every instance." The statement quoted above was made yesterday by Father Odenbach, of St. Ignatius* College, who, witli Forecaster Kenealy, has just returned from the third convention of Weather Bureau officials held at Peoria, 111., last week under the authority of the Secretary of Agriculture. Father Odenbach, who is recognized as one of the country's greatest experts on meteorological subjects, also attended the convention of the officials held three years ago at Milwaukee. Such statements as " There will be storms in the period of the 20th to the 27th of September," without mentioning a special day or desig- nating a single State, to say nothing of a county or a single city, are easily made, and any schoolboy has a formula by which he may give the percentage of possi- bilities for guessing correctly. It is guessing, and nothing more. It is unpardonable in a modern news- paper to cram its pages with lies, nonsense, and pi-o- ductions of ignorant, eccentric, or dishonest fakers. To give them a chance is a menace to the public and a cry- ing injustice to a set of men that are the pride of the intellectual portion of the American people command- ing the highest esteem of European scientists of all nationalities. We Americans pride ourselves on the strength of our scientific schools and intellectual ad- vances generally. The weather-prophet fad is certain- ly a manifestation in the contrary direction. Any man talking seriously of these quacks is set down in my mind as deplorably ignorant, at least as regards meteor- ological science. The same may be said for the char- latans themselves, though I would give them the alter- native of being ignorant or dishonest. I might mention here that the Weather Bureau has published quite a good-sized book or pamphlet giving an account of the most careful observations made for years past, and all over the world, to determine whether our moon or any of the planets affect the weather. The decision is most emphatic, and you can set it down that the man who attempts to tell you the moon has any in- fluence whatever on the weather is either ignorant or dishonest. I can forgive him for being ignorant; but the dishonest man who robs the people of their hard earnings by his almanac should be relegated to the place where all liars will some time congre- gate. See the last paragraph in my extract above. 990 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 Since the above was in type I find an edi- torial by Willis L. Moore, Chief of the Weather Bureau, in the Monthly Weather Review, entitled "Fake Forecasts." From this I make the following brief extracts : So far as we recall the names of those who have dis- tinguished themselves for making popular weather pre- dictions based on principles that are contrary to all our knowledge of meteorology, the list runs somewhat as follows: Vennor, 1875-1890; Hicks. 1890 to date; Dunne, 1892 to date; Foster, 1885 to date; Elmer, 1903 to date; Snavely, 1902-1904. While these have been active in the United States, the rest of the world has also had its varied experiences. In England, Mr. Hugh Clements and his great expounder, Hon. William Digby, have vexed the printer with an imposing volume and the public with daily predictions in the local newspapers. These authors speak as confidently about the moon as Rev. Mr. Hicks does about Vulcan, Jupiter, and the other planets, i-eal and imaginary. Italy and Austria have gone through a sad experience with vortex-ring cannons for driving aWay hail. Wherever the life and property of the citizens are at stake, the Government of the people, by the people, and for the poople must necessarily look after their inter- ests, and the time must soon come when a general law shall forbid the publication of weather predictions and storm warnings, especially those of a sensational char- acter, by any others than properly licensed persons. " HIGH-PRESSURE " STRAWBERRY-GROWING. Mr. Hoot:— Aiter carefully reading your ABC of Strawberry Culture I have decided to try my hand at strawberries. Three years ago I planted some after having just turned a heavy sod, with the result that the large white grubs ate off the i-oots, and the plants died. Now, we have only about seven acres in all, only four of which are available for a cultivated crop. We have one- half acre in early potatoes. When these are off I in- tend planting strawberries there, putting them close in single or even double rows, say nine inches to a foot in the row; keep off all runners, get a crop of strawberries next spring, then plow plants under and plant a late crop, say late cabbage. Please give your opinion of the plan. I realize that this is intensive culture, but that is what we have to resort to. The increased price for the greater number of strawberry-plants needed will, I think, make no perceptible difference, as we shall get three crops off the land in two years. I forgot to state that our soil and climate fully war- rant this venture in strawberries. We are within six miles of Milwaukee, with 300,000 people (a good mar- ket for a good product). Arthur p. Loewe. Milwaukee, Wis., July 9, 1904. Your plan of strawberries after early po- tatoes is all right. The finest strawberries I ever grew were managed in this way; but I should not think of planting as close as you do; 20 inches, or, better still, two feet, is none too far for hill culture; but I would not think of plowing them up after they had grown one crop. You might get a very good crop the first summer after the potatoes, but you will get a much better one if you keep the runners off and grow one year more. It is so much work to fix a strawberry planta- tion just right, it generally pays to get an- other crop. If, however, you decide on just one crop, perhaps your close planting will be all right, providing your land is very rich, and in this way you will save laborious weed- ing. The big city you mention is quite an item in the matter. Under such circum- stances you can afford to put a lot of work and a lot of manure also on a small piece of ground. Humbugs and Swindles. THOMAS A. EDISON, JR.'S, ELECTRIC VITALIZER. More than a year ago I received a flaming pamphlet saying that the son of Edison, the inventor, had just gotten out something for the cure of sick people more wonderful, and of more value to the world, than any thing his illustrious father had given. I was pained and surprised at the news that Edi- son should in any way let his good and great name be used in support of a humbug. I asked for particulars, and have been getting their printed matter ever since. I thought of the feelings of the father, but reasoned that he must know all about it, and agree to it. Among other things in the advertising matter was the following : "Never has the truth of the law of heredity been so well illustrated as it has in the Edisons— father and son." I felt sure that it was a fraud of some kind, but it never for a moment occurred to me young Edison was not actually at the bottom of it. Yet I could not understand why his greed for money should tempt him to use his father's good name in this way. In the Cleveland Leader of Oct. 6 we are told that the Postoffice Department has finally shut down on the whole thing. May the Lord be praised ! Below is the expla- nation: It was disclo.sed that Edison, Jr., was not the inventor; that, under the agreement he had with the company, he never received more than $35 a week, and that the company sold thousands of the vitalizers at $8 a set at a large profit. Extravagant claims were made for young Edison's in- ventive genius. It was claimed he had refused an offer of $750,000 for the " vitalizer," and that the Japanese government was anxious to secure it for its troops in the .field. The elder Edison received hundreds of letters of in- quiry about it. He then appealed to the authorities, and said, among other things: "My son, who is named in the company's literature as a great inventor and medical authority, and in personal charge of the regulation of the vitalizers to the needs of individual cases, is a young man of no scientific or in- ventive attainments. He has never represented himself as such. The boy was gotten hold of solely for the use of his name." Just think of it, friends. The truth of the matter is, a fake company paid young Edi- son $35.00 a week for the use of his name; they then went to work and wrote whatever they pleased, and put his name at the bottom of it. The only thing we can blame the Edisons for is for letting the thing go on till the present time, "robbing sick people" by the hundreds and perhaps by the thousands, using names and testimonials till our gov- ernment finally put a stop to it. The ap- paratus is Electropoise over again, only there is in real fact a little electricity about it, while Electropoise has none and never did have. It must be a combination of Electro- poise and cheek— the kind of cheek used by the Duffy Malt Whisky people. We are told young Edison is now seriously ill. It is a little strange that he should be sick when his own vitalizer was advertised with such vehemence to "cure every thing." 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 991 pmmD You will be surprised at the money you save and the satisfac- tion you get from Paroid Roofing — the roofing with quality and durability in it. Don't be per- suaded to buy an imitation. Get the genuine. Contains no tar; slate color; any one can lay it in any kind of weather. Complete roofing kit in each roll. Send For Free Sample and book, "Building Economy." It will save you money. F. W. BIRD & SON, C.Walpole Mass., or Monadnock BIdg., Chicago, R OOFS The Oldsmobile Runabout These are the features of the Oldsmobile which have proven its reliability and efficiency for every-day use. Power— 7 horse-power developed by a .5x6 cylinder. Weighl-1100 lbs. Road Efficiency— measured by the horse power per hundred lbs. weight— 7-11 or .636. Paclest Bee E = BooKs. . . E E We yet have a full line of hives, sections, E = comb foundation, and every thing neces- ^ E sary for the bee-keeper. Big discount E E on all goods for next season's use, if E z: ordered at once. Order now and save E E money, and be in time for next year. ~ s: Catalog Free. ~ I C. M.Scott ^ Co., i E 1004 E.. "WasHimgtor* St., § I Indianapolis, Ind. E ?ii3!llllllllllltlillllilllllllililllilllll!lillllllllll!lll!illlilin(i DANZENBAKER ...SI .00 Smoker... Guara nteed to suit or thedollar back. ""^ml \;eJ^^< Buy the D. 20th Century Smoker, it is the best. The construction is so simple and complete, it is sure to please, can not clog, .'mokes three to five hours at one filling. |1 00 each; thret=>, $2 50 by express or with other goods; by mail, each, 25c for postage. F. DANZENBAKER, care the A. I. Root Co. 's space (2y) West An- nex Horticultural Bldg-., St. Louis, Mo. SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps 6c W. T. Falconer Mfg. Company, W. M. Gerrish, E;pping, N. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. W. M. Gerrish, Bpping, N. H., carries a full line of our lameStO^Vn N Y If tKe BEST Queens are ^vHat yovL want. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Managsr of the Bee and Honey Co. We will open business this season with more than lUOO tine queens in stock ready for early orders. We guarantee satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. We breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and five banded Italians, Cyprians, Holv Lands, Carniolans.and Albinos. Tested queens, $1.50 each; 6 for §7.00, or $12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-bandfd Italians, Holy Lands and Albi- ^ nos, $2.50 each. All others $1.00 each for straight breeders of their sect. Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $1.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for special price on queens in large lots and to dealers. Address XHe Bee ax^d Hor»ey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beeville, Xex. IT DOESN'T PAY to keep those poor colonies when a young vigorous queen from the best honey-gathering stock given noTV may make them your best colonies next season. We believe we have as good bees as there are for business. We rear our queens carefully, rejecting poor cells or virgins ; guarantee them good queens and purely mat- ed, or replaced free on notice. Our testimonials vrill compare favorably with any. One queen, 75 cts.; six for $3.50 ; 12 for 86 50 ; select tested, |1.00 ; six for |5 ; tested, fl.OO ; select tested, 81.50 ; extra select te.sted, $2.00. J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. No. 25 Jars, with burnished tin top and prepared cardboard lining, $5.00 gross. This is quick to fill and NEVER LEAKS. No. 25 jars with porcelain top, $5.25 gross. 1-lb. square jars, with corks, $5.00. Discount on more than one gross. CATALOG OF SUPPLIES FREE. Apiaries, Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom, I05 Park Place, N. Y, 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 995 MarsHfield Manufacturing Co, Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. "Uhe MarsKfield Manufacturing Company, MarsKAeld, "Wis. KRETCHMEIf SlflANFG. CO. Box 60, RED OAK, IOWA. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- I ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- I suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, • and prompt shipment. We want every ' bee- keeper to have our FREE ILLUSTRAT- ' ED CATALOG, and read description of ' Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. ! «S=- WRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. I Trester Supply Company, Lincoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs, Iowa. I. H. Myers, Lamar, Col. Our Specialties Gary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root End Danz. Hives and Supers; Root's Sections, Weed Process Foun- dation, and Bingham Smokers. Bees and Queens in their Season. 32-page Catalog Free. W. W. Gary & Son, Lyonsville, Mass. MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS AS RED-CLOVER WORKERS. L- C. Medkiff, Salem, N. J. says: "I bought an un- tested queen of you last year and her bees have filled three comb-honey supers, and did not swarm, while thirteen out of the fifteen other colonies did not get more than half that amount I have queens from six different breeders, and I class yours lOO per cent above them all. Your bees worked very strong on the first crop of red clover. I know the}' were yours, because I floured them with a. dredge-box and watched the hive. They also worked strong on the second crop of red clover and lima-bean blossoms." Untested queens, 75c each; six. S4.00; dozen. 87.50. Select untested, $1.00 each; six, $5.00; dozen, $9.00. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for descriptive circular showing why my queen-trade has grown so fast. I am now filling orders by return mail, and shall probably be able to do so till the close of the season. J. P. MOORE, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Key. Virginia. (Queens 150 tested red clover queens, Italian queens secured by a cross, and years of careful selection. From red-clover queens and Superior stock obtained from W. Z. Hutchinson, I can furnish large vigorous untested queens 75 cts.; after June 15th, 60cts.; tested queens, $1.00; after June 15th, 75 cents. Write for discount on large orders. CHAS. KOEPPEN, FredericRsburg, - Virginia. three to five banders, fine queens. $1.00 each. Circular free. G. Routzahn, Biglei-ville, Pa. NO DRONES in our printery. That is why we save you money. Sample hundred envelopes, noteheads, letterheads, busi- ness cards, statements, or billheads, ^Oc postpaid. Samplesfree. Young Brothers, Cirard, Pa. Established 1889. Bee=keepers' Supplies. 996 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Oct. 15 f iv K^ fiir fic f i»r #ii^ fisr »ie »,c^ xh^ »ie »ii^ » ic ne fiC f iC^ v*' »ie ^^^ »ic rr - — "If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder," "^ >^^ Distributor of Root's g-oods from the best shipping^-point in the Country. ^^ "5^* My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I, Root Company, ?|^ .^^ and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: i^ l' Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb ^"^ ^^i Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, ^^^ v^ Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact, \ Z] EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. [f ; Headquarters for the Danzep baker Hive. ) '^r '^ V During this month (October) I will offer a Specinl O/sooiint of (i iter cent ^ Jj$4. for /f/t^rs, for goods wanted for next season's use. During November the discount ••^^ Jf^*' will be 5 per cent. These discounts apply to orders for hives, sections, foundation, etc., but not '^w*. V for honey -packages or shipping-cases, or goods for immediate use. One of those nice flexible _J^4. bee-hats included free with every shipment, if you will mention it in orderin.i. telhiig where you •^^ _yi'*' saw the offer. '"(J^ -«^» 1 have on hand a large stock of extracted honey in 60-lb. cans, white-clover or water-white 5^^ ■^T alfalfa. A single can of either at 8'/§c per pound. Two cans in a box at 8c per pound. Bee- "^ .^ keepeis having- a demand which exceeds their supply can here avail themselves of an opportunity. , iy ^r ^^ ^l S Have you noticed what the leading Bee=keepers of Indiana have been fe ''^ y^* « saying about my line of goods ? Here is another sample letter p "ij^ jy^ Alexandria, Ind. -J^^ yi*" Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. ^^*^ ' Dear Sir:—1 have been dealing constantly with you for 15 years, and in all that time have ^ yl^ not had a single cause for complaint. Your goods come promptly every time. In 1897 and 1903, 3>feC. ^^ both good honey years, and in the rush, when a single day's delay meant a loss in dollars to me, ''C^ ^ yet order after order was filled promptly and correctly. To me the name Pouder is a synonym ^ yt^ for promptness in business. I can recommend you to those who need supplies in time for the »fc|^ y^* harvest. Truly yours, Evan E. Edwards. ''jf^ J^" -Si- y?* Beeswax Wanted. ''IJ^ ^»^ 1 pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make I/" -^1\ small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, alwavs being .';ure to attach your $S^ •^" name to the package. My large illu.strated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send i; to you. V J WALTER S. POUDER, £ ^^ 513= 5!5 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. j^ -A . ^'* ^'< ^ * J>t ^'* Ix .^'4^ J* ^* J* ^ * y* J^* ^* J'* J*i* ■*'* ■*!< i^ 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 997 Kind Words from our Customers. What you have to say about the automobiles is right if evei-y one would look at it with a Christian spirit as you do; and yet I can not help speaking in favor of the yarm Journal too. We liave taken it for 15 years or more, and think a Rreat deal of it, because it will not advertise liquor, tobacco, cig-ars, playing-cards, quack medicines, and a great many other things. Its pages are clean, and I am not afraid to let the children read any thing in it, something 1 can not say about all pa- pers, especially a number of Sunday papers. Mrs. G. H. Beckett. Ridgeway, Wis., Sept. 26. OBJECTIONABLE ADVERTISING, ETC. I hasten to write my approval of the stand you take against tobacco and indecent and intemperate adver- tisements. As to advertisements, I may say that I would blush to have my gentlemen friends look at or read some of them in our Michigan Christian Advocate, although in other i-espects the paper is first-class. You ask for periodicals that are taking a stand against to- bacco. I would call your attention to The Boys' World. published by the David C. Cook Pub. Co.. through which the National Anti-cigarette League is trying to reach the youth of America. In our family we have only two "smokers," and they are bee-smokers from Medina. Alice F. Briggs. Harrisville, Mich., June 23. WHISKY medicines; a kind word from BRITISH COLUMBIA IN REGARD TO THE MATTER. Dear Mr. Root:—! have just read your letter in Gleanings regarding patent-medicine fakes; and if you were here I would shake your hand "till your suspender busts." I am glad to see the stand you are taking on that terrible evil (patent medicines). I honestly believe it is doing more harm to our country than the liquor curse, and I am glad to find that my ideal of manhood, Bernard McFadden, of Phy.sical Culture, has a grand old ally in Mr. Root. Keep it up, and God bless you for it. It might be as well to suggest through your paper that all people having any dealings with the public papers should put in a strong footnote condemning their action in receiving these misleading advertisements. I do that myself, and count up all the advertisements that I consider not fit for the press, and sometimes in a big paper it is enormous. In one paper I counted 71 adver- tisements and locals, and I gave the editor fits, but so far without results ; but keep pegging away and we shall clear the press just like clearing our garden of weeds. I write you this to let you know that out here in British Columbia you have our hearty support. Then next to that, help Bernard McFadden in his crusade against the murder of unborn children, so much prac- ticed at the present day, especially by our so-called up- per class. Now may God bless you and help you in your work for purity and love. Geo. Schofield. Vancouver, B. C. Special Notices by A. I. Root. SWEET clover— REDUCTION IN PRICE. Until further orders we will make the following low prices: 100 lbs. or over, 6 cts. per lb.; 10 lbs. or over, 8 cts. per lb.; 1 lb., 10 cts. By mail, 1 lb., 20 cts. Yellow sweet clover, 5 cts. per lb. more than the above. We are not sure it is any better, but it is earlier, and at present it is scarcer. We do not recommend the hulled clover of either kind. I believe the general testimony is that it grows best with the hulls on; and as the hulls adhere very closely, it is expensive to remove them. THE GRAND TRAVERSE REGION OF NORTHERN MICHI- GAN IN OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER. There is no other season of the year when I enjoy a trip so much on Grand Traver.se Bay as during the fall months, especially late in the fall. After frost has killed evei-y thing all through Central Michigan, and oftentimes through Ohio as well, on the hills skirting Grand Traverse Bay every thing will be green and grow- ing. Indian summer is always especially inviting for outdoor trips; but the Indian summer of the locality I am speaking of seems to eclip.se any thing nature has to offer anywhere else. The Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway Company makes a special excursion rate for Oct. 19; and as this goes over the Pere Marquette line, 1 presume they will do the same. Mrs. Root and I ex- pect to visit our cabin in the woods about that. time. BASSWOOD-TREES FOR HONEY. Now is the time to put out your basswoods. The tree is very hardy, and easy to grow, and with just ordinary care I believe they can be made to giow in any pai-t of the United States, north, east, south, or west, although ground a little damp seems to suit them better. Some of the finest trees are found growing by the banks of streams where the roots can go over and dip into the water. If the basswood, or linden, is not the best honey-plant in the world it is one of the best; and at the present time it is almost the only wood in the world that furnishes the beautiful white smooth sections. So you can afl^ord to plant them for the timber as well as for bees. In fact, you get both. They will begin to blossom when three or four years old. or, say, when five to ten feet high; and they are then loaded with bloom every season, almost, just about the time white clover is closing. We have a nice lot in our own nui-sery right adjoining the factory, .so we can send them by return mail or express. Pj-ices are as follows: 1 10 100 One foot and under - - - .05 ..30 $2.00 The above by mail - - - - .08 .35 $2.25 One to five feet - - - - .10 .75 $5.00 Those one foot and under can be sent conveniently by mail. The larger ones should go by express. Please notice we send trees only as above not all of one size. It would spoil our assortment, and, besides, it would pre- vent us from digging a row right along so as to use the ground for something else. Convention Notice. A meeting to organize a Geoi'gia State Bee-keepers' Association will be held at Macon, Ga., Oct. 21,Iat 10 A. M.. in hall at 20'^ Cotton Avenue. J. J. Wilder. Cordele, Ga. The Illinois State Bee-keepers' Association will hold its 14th annual session in Springfield, Nov. 15, 16. Ex- cursion rates will be given on all roads in the State. .We shall have a good program. J. A. Stone, Springfield, 111. Secretary. The Southwest Texas Bee-keepers' Association meets in San Antonio, Texas, Thursday and Friday, October 27 and 28. This will be a rousing and important meet- ing, and all bee-keepers are cordially invited to attend. For program and place of meeting, address H. H. Hyde, President, 129 N. FloresSt., San Antonio, Tex. The Connecticut Bee-keepers' Association will hold its fall meeting in the capitol at Hartford, room 50, Novem- ber 10, at 10:30 a.m. The question-box will be open to all. All bee-keepers are invited to attend with their friends, bringing questions they would like discussed. Bring a sample of this year's honey crop or some apiari- an fixture you would like to show. E. E. Smith, Watertown, Ct. Secretary. We wonder if our readers have noticed the very low price of books advertised by the Frisbee Honey Co., on page 965. They would no doubt make good Christmas presents. A postal cai-d will bring you a list of the titles of these books. It is very pleasing to us to hear from any of our ad- vertisers', to the effect that Gleanings in Bee Culture is a valuable paper for them to use. Just lately we re- ceived a renewal from the Plymouth Rock Squab Co., 289 Atlantic Ave., Boston. Mass., for another year's ad- vertising, in which they speak in high terms of Glean- ings as an advertising medium for them. It occurs to us that one reason why it pays them so well is because of their close attention to business and their interest in their customers. We suggest that our readers send to them for their free book, "How to Make Money with Squabs," as they undoubtedly have a good proposition in this industry. 993 GLEANINGS IN BRF CULTURE. Oct. 15 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. ^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ We will allow a cash discount of 0 per cent on orders sent in during Oct. iSend for Our FR.EE. New Illustrated Catalog; and Price List. ^ ^ ^S:^&&€^&Si«&&S^^&^&&&&&6Si&&&&««^^S:&Si&&&&&&&&&&&&?^frir«f^f^&&(«gi&$^&$^&% s F RETAIL AND WHOLESALE Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and Toughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Full Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Catalosf and prices with samples free on application. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ontario, Sole Agents in Canada for Bittmer's Foundation. CUS. DiTTMER, - - - AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. 'go- f^ii^r-a^ ly y^ ^^ iy ^ynyiyn^ iynm^fiynf»yj|y]^iyy ^/r^ If You Want a Smoker That goes without Puffing — Clean, Durable, and Handy — Oldest, newest, and embracing all the improvements and in- ventions made in smokers, send card for circulat to T. F. BINGHAM. FARAVELL, MICH. i^^^^ ^W JWiAriJI»>W 1^ -Jtw JW ^^W JW^W^JW ^fa- ^L- T»'^J OHIO i) ' Eastern Edition. ENTERED AT THE POSTOFFICE, AT MEDINA, OHIO, AS SECOND-CLASS MATTKI:. -WmH^^^p^^H^aa^V* MMM1^«^^MI Get Our Discounts! G. B. LEWIS CO. AND DADANT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. BEESWAX WANTED AT THE HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. LEWIS G, & A. 6. WOODMHN, Grand Rapids, Mich. — Hilton's Chaff Hive fortifies your colonies against sudden changes of weather in spring and fall. Only a little extra work neces- sary to change them for winter, and make them frost-proof. This work can be put over until late in Novem- ber or December, after the busy time at this season of the year. The double cover with ventilators enables the bees to continue work in supers during the intense heat of summer, where the hives, of neces- sity, are exposed to the sun during the middle of the day. Ask for copy of report from Michigan Agricultural College, regarding "Double v. Single Walled Hives." A large part of many apiarists' time is consumed in shifting from winter to summer, and summer to winter quarters, which could be well spent in caring for a larger number of col- onies. This is overcome by using Hilton's Chaff Hive. Write for cata- log. Root s Goods at Root's Prices. 5 Per Cent Discount for November. George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. DISCOUNTS For iHe New Season-— for C^sK Orders. During October, 6 per cent. November, 5 December, 4 '' And you get Root's Goods. Tt^ll us what yon want, and we will tell you what it will cost. Our Catalog foF the asMng. ^ M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1003 rT's C. H. Meadctxiarteirs for Bee-Supplies Distributor of R.oot's Ooods £.xcl\io sively at Root's Factory Prices. ^ ^ November, 5 December, -^ Jar\uary, 3 Hi!^ February, 2 I Have in StocK Seed of tKe follow^irikg Honey-plai\ts: . o. W. Weber, Office Discounts n|> f$» Allowed on early orders; take advantage by ordering now. Orders received during f$> r^ September, 7 per cent \ f^ Octofeer, O ' Off Catalog Prices (^ (^ i^ y^ <^ .=. I Keep Everything that Bee-Reepers Use, a large stock *. H^^ and a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and with- ^^ ^ out portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey and i^ JL. wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and bee-veils. js. f fioiiey arid Beesi?vax Wanted, f j^ I will buy honey and beeswax, pay cash on delivery; and shall be pleased to ^ z_ quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, barrels, or carloads of ex- T. ^^ tracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. Hii* H4.V .^ ^i^ Sweet-scented clover, white and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat. ^^ (^ phacelia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. (^ 4* 1004 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 1 Honey Market. GRADING-RTJLES. Fancy —All sections to be well filled, combs straight, firm- ly attached to all four sides, the combs unsoiled by travel- stain or otherwise ; all the cells sealed exceot an occasional cell, the outside surface of the wood well scraped of propolis. ANO 1 —All sections well filled except the row of cells next to'the wood ; combs strai«lit ; one-eighth part of comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled ; the out- side of the wood well scraped of propolis. . ,, No. 1. -All sections well filled except the row of cells next X,o the wood ; combs comparatively even ; one-eighth part or comb surface soiled, or the entire surface slightly soiled. No. 2.— Three-fourths of the total surface must be failed and sealed. , ,„ , ^ ,, . l.. No. 3.— Must weigh at least half as much as a full-weight section. , , .„ , J. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber, and dark ; that is there will be " Fancy White," " No. 1 Dark," etc. Philadelphia.— Shipments have been quite heavy in the latt two weeks; prices are a little weaker in conse- quence, although fancy honey maintains a good price. We find the shortage is alwaj-Titin the fancy goods, and the off goods are what overstocks the market. We quote: Fancy, 16f'il7; No. 1, 14; amber and No. 2, 12f"13. Ex- tracted, white, 8: amber, 6f"7. We are producers of honey, and do not handle on commission. Wm. a. Selser, Oct. 25. 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Toledo.- The demand for comb honey has improved considerably within the last two weeks, and receipts are equal to the demands as a great many bee-keepers have made up their minds they would much rather sell their honey now than to hold it for better prices. We quote fancy white comb honey in a retail way. at 15c; No. 1, 14; amber, 13, buckwheat, 13. Extracted white clover in barrels, 6(u6Vi; in cans. 6VL'C"7: amber in barrels, 5(: in cans, 7'/l'C<'8; am- ber, in barrels, 5'4'''5VL>; in cans, 6("6'l'. Beeswax, 27. C. H. W. Weber, Oct. 20. 2146-8 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O. Chicago.— This is not an active market considering the season of the year ; prices are not strong, and may sag in the absence of demand. No. 1, white comb, 12'/.' Oi 13; fancy clover, 14, with corresponding grades 1 to 3 cents less. Extracted white, 6V-i'''7VL>; amber, 60iG¥j ac- cording to kind, flavor, quality, and package. Bees- wax, 30. -^r— R. A. Burnett & Co., Oct. 24. 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Boston.— We are pleased to note an increased de- mand for honey, which with the comparatively light re- ceipts makes prices firm. We quote fancy white, 16<0ia\.2. Beeswax, :30f"32. W. C. Townsend, Oct. 28. 178 Periy St., Buffalo. N. Y. San Francisco. — Honey, new crop comb, per lb., 10<'nl2. Extracted, water white, 6; light amber, 5k'; dark amber. 4' -.("5. Beeswax, per lb., 28f"29. Ernest Schaeffle. Oit. 13. Muiphys, Cal. WANTED FANCY CPIVIB HON EY In No-drip Shipp^ingCascis. ;^ Also AMBER EXTRACTED In Biarrels or Cans, " Quote your lowest price delivered here. WE REMIT PROMPTLY. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULIURE. 1005 Cincinnati.— There is a marked improvement in the demand for comb honey since our last quotations. No material chanjte in the e.xtracted-honey market. We continue to quote white-clover extracted honey in bar" rtl.s at 7 (" 8'jc. Amber, in barrels, 5'/i f" 6. Fancy white clover comb honey at 14(" 15. Beeswax, 28c. The Fred W. Muth Co., Oct. 28. No. 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati. O. For Sale. — 10.000 pounds of fine white comb honey. F. T. Vasey, Menomonie, Wis. For Sale.— 10,000 lbs. of fancy extracted honey, clover and basswood. Also 2000 lbs. of the same quality but slijrhtly off color. GusTAVE Gross, Lake Mills, Wis. For Sale.— Clover and basswood extracted honey in 60-lb. cans. One can, 8 cts. ; two or more, 7' i cts. Do not send local checks. Mrs. C. L. Parker, Sta. A, Syracuse, N. Y. For Sale.— Extracted honey. No. 1, from alfalfa, 7^-2 cts. ; No. 2 alfalfa, partly from cantaloupe, 6V2 cts. Home and bees for sale. Write me. D. S. Jenkins, Las Animas, Colo. KoR Sale. — Finest quality, extracted white-clover honey at 7J^c. per pouud, iu' cases of one new 5S-lb. can. Sample, 8c. R. & E. C. Porter, Lewistown, 111. For Sale.— I,ight colored honey, fine flavor, bar- rels. 7c; cans, 8c; amber, 6(0,7. Sample, 10c I. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place, N. Y. City. Wanted.— New crop white comb honey. Describe what you have, and state price. Evans & Turner, Columbus, O. Wanted. — Comb and extracted honey on commis- sion. Boston pays good prices for a fancy article. F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston Mass. ^ For Sale.— Extracted honey, clover or basswood, in kegs or cans. Write for price. Sample, 8 cts. C. B. Howard, Romulus, N. Y. Wanted— Comb and extracted honey. State prict , kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted.— Comb and extracted honey. State kind, quantity, and how put up, and lowest cash price. Chas. Koeppen, Fredericksburg-. Va. Wanted. — Buckwheat honey in kegs or cans. Send sample, and state price delivered at Medina, New York, Chicago, or Philadelphia. Mention quantity you can furnish. The A. L Root Co., Medina, O. Wanted.— Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value fiir beeswax al any time of the year Write us if you have any to di.spose of. Hildreth & Segelken, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. Weave paying 2.5c cash or 28 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St., Chicago, 4-1 Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to .send bin of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The A. I. Root Company, Medina. Ohio. NO DRONES in our printery. That is why we save you money. Sample hundred envelope.^, noteheads, letterheads, busi- ness cards, statements, or billheads, 4'Oc postpaid. Samplesfree. Young Brothers, Cirard, Pa. TRAINED FERRETS will clear your place of rats and drive rabbits. Bred from best working strains in America. Tame and gentle. Small, medium, and large sizes. Write for prices. John L. Funk, R. D. No. 1, Tiffin. Ohio. DANZENBAKER ...$1.00 Smoker... Guara nteed to suit or thedoUar back. Buy the D 20th Century Smoker, it is the best. The construction is so simple and complete, it is sure to please, can not clog, smokes three to five hours at one filling. $1 00 each; three, $2.50 by express or with other goods; by mail, each, 25c for postage. F. DANZENBAKER, care the A. I. Root Co. 's space (29) West An- nex Horticultural Bldg-., St, Louis, Mo. .....Special Notice to Bee-I(eepers..... Money in Bees for You. Catalog; Price on Root's Supplies Catalog for the Asking. F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend st. Boston, Mass. UP FIRST FLIGHT z a few tons of honey, and paj' cash at your depot. Correspondence solicited giving full particulars as to quality, style of seciion used, when it will be ready to ship, price wanted, etc. If <-atislactcry I will call on vou. A. W. SMIITH, Birmingham, Mich. CKas. Israel (Si Brothers 486-4QO Canal St., New YorK. Wholesale Dealers and Commission Merchants in Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. OonsignmentR Solicited. Established 1H76. 1006 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 1 For the sake of your face, use only Williams' Shaving Soap. "^old everywhere. Free trial sample ur 2 -cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet ' ' How to Shave. ' ' The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. ESMBLISHEi 1831 COUNTRY ;man The ONLY Agricultural NEWSpaper, AND ADMITTEDLY THE Leadiflg Agricullml Jonmal of tlie World Every department written by specialists, the highest authorities in their respective lines. No other paper pretends to compare with it In qualillcations of editorial staCf. Gives the af^icultural NEWS with a degree of completeness not even attempted by others. INDISPENSABLJB TO ALL COUNTRY RESIDENTS WHO WISH TO KEEP UP \FITH TniS TIDIES. Single Subscription, i;1.60; Two Subscriptions, $2.50; Five Subscriptions, $5.60. SPECIAIi INDUCEMENTS to RAIS- ERS OF liARGER CLUBS. rour Months* Trial Trip 50 cents. SPECIMEN COPIES will be mailed free on request. It will pay any- body interested in any way in country life to send for them. Address the publishers : LUTHER TUCKER & SON, Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cu ting, mitering, groov boring, scroll-sawing moulding, mortising , working wood in any man ner. Send for catalog A.^— The Seneca Falls M'fg Co., 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs., W. Y. Foot and Hand Power Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1873.] D.:voted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-moiithl}' by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultural Uep'i. J. T. C.\IvVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. Iv. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertisintj Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms: $1.00 per annum ; two years, |1.50; three years, $2.00 ; five years, $;5.00, iti advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Z>isconti7iuances." The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose suVscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwi.'e we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, " an 1 will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like tnis plan msy have his journal stopped after the time oaid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISIJS^G RA-TES. Column width, 2}i inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms clo.se 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Line Rates {Nel). 250 lines® IS 5001ines(a 16 lOOOlinesfa 14 2000 lines® 12 Time Discounts. 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 Page Rates {Nei). 1 page $10 00 I 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 25 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circulation Ai^erag-e for 1003. 78,666. The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111 , Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodheck, 1,os Angeles, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. HuTCHiNSO.'^, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, I,oveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. DOOLITTLE, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, Escondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. Wm. McEvov. Woodstock, Out. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1007 Cheap Lands Special Home=seekers' Excursions October 11th and November 15th In addition to the regular Home-seekers' excur- sions, special Low Rates have been arranged for home-seekers on October Uth and November 15th, at round=trip rates lower than the «>ne» way rati s to different points reached by the Southei-n Rail- way and Mobile & Ohio Railroad. This is a rare opportunity to examine the cheap and productive lands of the South and to select a home at a low cost. Let us send you illustrated publications, descrip- tions of cheap properties, and full information. An inquiry will bring- them. M. V. RICHARDS, Land and Industrial Agent, WASHINGTON, D. C. Chas. S. Chase. Agent. Chemical Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. M. A. Hays, Agent, 225 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. Bee-ke@pers, Attention ! Are you going to buy bees ? Are you going to locate in Texas ? We make a specialty of nuclei and full colonies of bees for shipment; in any quantity, anywhere, at all seasons of the year— carlots a specialty. We are selling agents for a large number of colonies of bees, in quantity and locations to suit purchasers. This is a great bee coun- try, and we can supply you the bees at satisfactory prices. If you wish to buy a farm or ranch with the bees, very likely we can have it for you. Write us your wants. THE HYDE BEE-SUPPLY CO., H. H. HYDE, President and Manager, 129 North Flores St., San Antonio, Tex. Mr. A.!. Root's Writings of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful sections reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets c{ Michigan farm lands and the fruit belt, address J. E. Merntt, Manistee, Michigan. •Follow the Flag." Only line direct to mnln entrance of the ExiiOHltiou— Pullman Sleepers- Free ReclininK- Chair Cars — Wabash Dining Cars — Folder containing rAtcs, train schedules, maps of St. Louis and the World's F»ilr grounds, with hotel booklets, mailed free on application to F. H. TRISTRAM, Ass't. Gen'l. Pass'r. Agent, PITTSBURG, PA. 3z»ii«.E:cr 'X'-fc-t-^A-piB Every M. & G. blade is hand-forged from razor stee , file tested, warrant- ed. This cut is exact size of 7.'5c strong knife. To start .vou we will send you one for 48c; five for J;2.00, postpaid. Best 1 - inch shears, 60c. THIS Knife and Shears $1. Pruning, 75c; budding, 35c; graft- ing, 25c. Send for 80 page free list and "How to Use a Kazor." MAHEB & GBOSH CO., 617 A Street, Toledo, Ohio. etc.. have been the standard of excellence for half a century. The best alwajfs cheapest. Have hundreds of carloads of Fruits and Ornamentals 40 acres of Hardy Koses. 44 greenhouses of Palms, Ficiis. Ftrns. Kost's. etc. Dirprt deiil wi 1 insure you the bf>st and save you money. Torrfspondpnce solicited. Valuable catalogue free. 5]st year. 10^10 acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., PAINESVILLE, OHIO. 1008 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 1 To a New Subscriber to the American Bee Journal. 13 Copies for 20g.; or 15 Months (65 copies) for $1.00 We will mail the AMERICAN Bee Jour- NAi^ to a New subscriber every week during October, November and December, 1904, (13 weeks) for only 20 cents ; or for only $1.00 we will mail it from Oct. 1, 1904, to the end of 1905 — that's 15 months, or 65 copies! Sample copy for the asking. Still Another Offer. •- For only $1.60 we will mail both the weekly American Bee Journal and Gleanings in Bee-Culture for one year, to either new or renewal subscribers. Address aU orders to the AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, 334 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL. GEORGE W. YORK, Editor. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1009 The Highest Standard of excellence in bee ournalism has probably not yet been reached, but the Bee-keepers' Review for the pres- ent year stands head and shoulders above what it has been in the past; in fact. I sometimes find myself won- dering if it will be possible to keep it up to its present high standard. For the present year it has been par- ticularly valuable to men who are making:, or expecting- to make, a business of bee-keeping. More valuable and fundamental truths and advice regarding the securing of big crops of honey, and selling them at high prices, have never been published, j. onth after month, men who have for years kept bees in large numbers write and tell me of the real help that comes to them through the Review. A business bee-keeper, or one who aspires to become such, can't spend $1.00 more profitably than in sending it for the Review for 1904. Back numbers can be furnished. If you are not acquainted with the Review, and would like to see copies before subscribing, send me ten cents, and I will send you three different issues, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. FREE ! LEARN moi-e about the great poultry industry. They make money while you sleep, and will live on what you throw away. Our paper tells how to make money on poultry, eggs, and incubators. Ask for sample copy now— it is free. Inland Poultry Jourual, 40 Cord Building, Indianapolis, Ind. The American Fancier. The only weekly paper devoted exclusively to thorough- bred and practical poultiy culture. Bright, newsy, and independent. A true fancier's paper. :• :• :• :- J. H. DREVENSTEDT, EDITOR. Send for a sample copy. Address :• :• :• :• :• :■ The American Fancier, Johnstown, N.Y. POULTRY HERALD, St. Paul. Minn. One of the best papers of its class. Practical, illus- trated, every issue interesting. Regular subscription price. .50 cents per year. If you are not now a subscriber, iSencl a. Quarter, stamps or .silver, and get a year's trial subscription. Address POULTRY HE^RALD, St. Patil, Minn. Poultry in the West- Also Dogs and Pigeons, for Pleasure and Profit. Do you want to know about how they are bred on the great Pacific Coast? The Pacific Coast Fanciers" Monthly, brim full of good reading, handsomely illustrated, up- to-date, will tell you. Ti-y it for a year. TRIAL sub- scriptions, one year, 50 cts. Bee culture and poultry- raising go well together. FANCIERS' MONTHLY, San Jose. Carifornia. GIVEN AWAY FREE Poultry Punches, Account Books, Business and Visiting Cards, Etc. For full information write your name and address on a postal card and send it to the OHIO POULTRY JOURNAL. DAYTON. OHIO. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. POULTRY SUCCESS 14th Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated.SOcyr. , show> readers how to succeed with Poultry .Special Introductory Offir. 3 years 60 cts, 1 year 25 cts; 4 nionthE trial lOcts. Stampsoccepted. Sample copy free. 148 page li'-ustrateo practice, poultry book free to yearly Bubscribcrs. Catalogue .jf poultry pAOHcations free. Pmllrj SutCMt C«.. SSSi^,,,,, t WORTH 10 cts. \ DO YOU WANT IT? IF NOT, GIVE IT TO A FRIEND OF YOURS. Return this ad. and 15 cts. (regular price 2.5 cts.) and we will send y(ju our o2 page, practical, up-to-date monthly,, poultry, pigeon and pet stock paper, oue year as a trial. 4 years 50 cts. Send at ouce, this is a bargain. POULTRY ITEM. BoxO, Fricks. Pa. Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PRICES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something WORTH LOOK- ING INTO. Send for our FREE BOOK, " How to Make Money with Squabs,' and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH KOCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, MASS. Fruit Growers AND FARMERS Thousands of t he best- fruit growers and farmers read the Southern Fruit Grower because they find it the most helpful fruit paper published. Con- tains 24 to 40 pages of valuable fruit and farming information every monih. 50c a year. Send 10c and 10 names of fruit growers and get it 0 months on trial. Sample free. TKE SOUTHERN FRUIT GROWER. Box I . Chattanooga, Tenn. Hunter-Trader-Trapper Illustrated 64 to SO page month- ly journal about game, steel traps, deadfalls, trapping se- crets, and raw fur. Published by experienced hunter, trapper, and trader. Subscription .$1.00 a year; sample copy 10 cents. A. R. HARDING. Editor, Gallipolis, Ohio. WckM4-ArlT Lovers of Good Books £1 ni6Q ■ to write for list of 200 titles to select from. Beautiful cloth-bound $1 books mailed \ for $1. These story books are bv the best authors, 200 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO., (Ref. Publishers of Gleanings.) Box 1014, Denver.Coli 1010 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 1 VE NEARLY BEWAR WHERE YOU BUY YOUR EWAR MAKES THE FINEST G. B. Lewis Company. Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Send for Catalog. JOURNAI^ A, ^- ^ • DELVoTC ^ '' •AND MOMEL- Jf.Y. ^1 ■ /:; z^-^. If you only knew how good, how durable, how satisfactory really is ; if you only knew how easily it can be put on and how long it lasts; if you only knew wliat a good all-round roof it is, you would save money by using it for every building on the place. ^\'eather proof, wear proof, contains no tar, slate color, any one can lay it. Let us prove to you what the genuine Paroid Roofing will do. Send for Free Sample and book ou "Building Economy." It will save yon money. Don't tal<.e a cneap imitation. Get thf ijennno — the roof tliat lasts. A complete rooting l^.it in every roll. -F. W. BIRD & SON, East Walpole, Mass. Monadnock Bldg., Chicago. Established 1817. '^C.sVWv^^^-u,^. /^,#2=i»- V- "^ ■»'2 r^ 1036 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 1 Wants and Exchange. Notices will be inserted under this head at 16 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- ceed five lines, and you must SAY you want your advertise- ment in this department or we will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; but all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices ottering articles for sale, will be charged our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. We can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." VV^ANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, ^^ and uncapping-cau, for honey. Root's goods. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. (WANTED.— Comb and extracted honey. Describe the kind you have; hovi' put up, with lowest price for cash. L. H. RoBEY, Worthing, W. Va. W^ w ANTED.— Refuse from the wax-extractor, old worn- out combs, or slumgum. State quantity and price. Young's Barber Shop, Boonville, Mo. yVANTED.— To exchange Lewis eight-frame IMj-story Dovetailed hives, 1904 make, for four-frame Cowan extractor, honey, or offers. Chas. D. Handel, Hanover, 111. WANTED.— A pound bottle of honey-dew for scientific investigation. Will pay liberally for same. Ex- press to Wm. a. Selser, care of The A. I. Root Co., 44 Vesey St., New York City. V)^ ANTED. — Refuse from the wax extractor, or slum- ^' gum. State quantity and price. Orel ly. Hekshiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. yy ANTED.— Quantity lots of gilt-edge, new, white- clover comb honey, plain or tall sections preferred. Also extracted honey in cans in exchange for second- hand cans. B. Walker, Clyde, III. yy ANTED— To exchange English chainless bicycle, in good repair, cyclometer, lamp, bell, all tools, Dunlap double-tube tires, for Cowan two-frame extrac- tor, and shallow extracting supers. Full desci'iption. Address L. S. Rawlinson, Muse, Augusta Co., Va. \y ANTED.— An experienced dairyman who likes to care for cows and make them do their best. Warm stable, cement floor, Bidwell stalls, water in every stall, three silos, 39 cows; milking houi-s, 4:30 A. M., 2:30 P. m. Wages, $300 per year, with house, garden, apples, pears, cherries, etc. If wife or any other member of family can milk, will pay more according to amount of milking they do. When answering this ad., give reference, also state number of members of family and their ages. 1 will give .$5.00 to anybody who refers me to the man that I will employ. J. P. Watts, Kerrmoor, Pa. Situations Wanted. VyANTED. — An experienced man in hog-raising and poultry-keeping. J. E. Larrondo, Constancia Estate, Encrucijada, Cuba. Addresses Wanted. Vy ANTED.— Parlies interested in Cuba to learn the '' truth about it by subscribing for the Havana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havana. 81.00 per month; 810.00 per yqar. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale.— Sweet-clover seed, 50 pounds or over, at 5 cts. per lb. Address Joseph Shaw, Strong City, Kan. For Sale.— A few mismated Italian queens at 25 cts. each. W. F. Stuart, Ottawa, Kans. For Sale. — Barnes footpower saw. H. H. Jepson, 237 Park St., Medford. Mass. For Sale. — Italian bees and queens. We make one, two, and three frame nuclei a specialty. Write for circular and price list. Also. 100 T supers for sale cheap. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Page Co., Iowa. am looking for your orders for queens. 1 please others, why not you ? My trade has increased five-fold in the past four years. . . . 64-PAQE CATALOG. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama. Our Specialties Gary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hives and Supers; Root's Sections, Weed Process Foun- dation, and Bingham Smokers. Bees and Queens in their Season. 32-page Catalog Free. W. W. Gary & Son, Lyonsville, Mass. New Star Incubator at a bargain; also, inch black pipes. G. RoiTTZAHN, Biglerville. Pa. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1037 ^ :^L ^L ^C "^^L ^Sl ^L ^L ^L ^L ^L ^L ^L ^L ^L ^L ;/^ ^L ^t >^ y|* "If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder." 'V^ ^^ .^^^^ Established 188Q ^ T*. # ^£^ * f^-^ \ Dee=keepers * t ^^Ig^ :5uppiies. I .^tL Distributor of Root's goods from the best shipping-point in the Country. •-s^ '^* My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Company, '<{*' <^^ and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: Ji/ ^r '^ ^^ Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb j^ ^■^ Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, ''^ ^U Bee= veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact, J^ # EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. ;^ ^f* Headquarters for the Danzen baker Hive. '^ y^* During this month (November) I vrill offer a Special Dlseount of .* i>er aent '^ y for Cas2i orciers, for goods wanted for next season's use. During December the discount i^ 'yJ^ will be 4 per cent. These discounts apply to orders for hives, sections, foundation, etc., but not ^S^ VJ"*' for honey-packages or shipping-cases, or goods for immediate use. One of those nice flexible '^^ w bee-hats included free with every shipment, if you will mention it in ordering, telling where you i^ _^^4. saw the offer. ^Im^ ^ HONEY. 5^ JJ»* 1 have on hand a large stock of extracted honey in 60-lb. cans, white-clover or water-white ^^^ yf* alfalfa. A single can of either at 8Hc per pound. Two cans in a box at 8c per pound. Bee- 'ij^' V keepers having a demand which exceeds their supply can here avail themselves of an opportunity. t^ w ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ i^ >?* 4 The finest and most accurate goods that the world produces. ♦ ''C*' Jjjl^ 4 Prompt shipments and low freight rates. A positive guarantee 4 -J^ '^ J that every detail shall be entirely satisfactory. We make mis= ^ ^ J^.i. ♦ takes, but we always correct them without expense to our custo= ♦ 'f^ V ^ mers. This is what you get when you send your orders here, 4 ,^ ^f 4 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ '^ ^- J^ ^ BEESWAX WANTED. j^ ' I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make ^ •^^ small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your ^fX_ "^S» name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send i to vou. ^jj^ J WALTER 5. POUDER, % ^^ 513= 515 Massachusetts Ave., = INDIANAPOLIS, IND. J^ ^f 1^ 7(i^ 7IF 7F 7IF 7(F 711^ 7^^ 7iP? 7^^ 7^^ 71^ 7^ 7F 7lfs 7F 7^ 7^ 7^ 103S GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 1 We manufacture BEE-SUPPLIES of all kinds Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published ^6e Axs^eri- can Bee-Keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. ADDB.£:SS '^he W. T. Falconer Mfg, Compariy, W. M. Cerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our goovis at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. W. M. Cerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our JamCStOWO, N. Y. If tKe BEST Qizeeos are wHat you want. Get those reared by Will Atchley, Manager oftheBeoand Honey Co. We will open business this sea?on with more than lOlXI flue queens in slock ready for early orders, ^^■e puarantt'e satisfaction or your money back. We make a spe- cialty of full colonies, carload lots, one, two, and three frame nuclei. Prices quoted on application. Wo breed in sepa- rate yards from six to thirty miles apart, three and hve banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans, and Albinos. Tested queen*, $1.50 each :6 for $7.00, or $12.00 per dozen. Breeders from 3-banded Italians, Holy Lands, and Albi- nos, $2.50 each. All others $i.00each for straight breeders of their sect. Untested queens from either race, 90 cts. each; 6 for $4.50, or $8.50 per dozen. We send out nothing but the best queens in each race, and as true a type of energy, race, and breed as it is possible to obtain. Queens to foreign countries a specialty. Write for sneciHl price on ciueens in large lots and to dealers. Address XHe Bee and Honey Co (Bee Co. Box 79), Beevillc, Xex. IT DOESN'T PAY to keep those poor colonies when a young vigorous queen from the be.^t honey-gathering stock given now may make them your best colonies next season. We believe we have as good bees as there are for btisiness. We rear our queens carefully, rejecting poor cells or virgins ; guarantee them good queens and purely mat- ed, or replaced free on notice. Our testimonials will compnre favorably with anv. One queen, 75 cts.; six for $3.50 ; 12 foi 86 .50 ; select tested, |1.00 ; six for |5 ; tested, JI.OO ; select tested, 81 50"; extra select tested, |2.00. ===:=: J. B. CASE, Port Orang'e, Florida. ==^=z^== I. J- String^harY^, BNI^^a^ Yorl< No. 25 Jars, with burnished tin top and prepared cardboard lining, $5.00 gross. This is quick to fill and NEVER LEAKS. No. 25 jars with porcelain top, $5.25 gross. 1-lb. square jars, with corks, $5.00. Discount on more than one gross. CATALOG OF SUPPLIES FREE. Apiaries, Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom, I05 Park Place, N. Y. 190 1 (il.i:.\\l\GS IN BEE CULTURE. 1039 MarsKfield Mariufacturing Co. Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog- and price list. B/>e MarsKAeld Manufacturing Company, Marsliilsld, "Wis. Kretchivier Manfc. Go. Box 60, RED OAK. IOWA. PPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, and prompt shipment. We want every bee keeper to have our FREE IIvI,USTRAT- ED CATAI,OG, and read description of Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. MS-lVRfTE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. I Trester Supply Company, Lincoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs. Iowa. I. H. Myers, Lamar, Col. $1 100 Magazines Each Year $1 OVn GREAT (JO-OP Eli ATI VE CLUB consists of yearly subscriptions to the following high grade magazines. Each stands at the head of its class. This combination furnishes your home with plenty of good clean, interesting and instructive reading matter for every member of the family at the very lowest cost. Farmers Voice - Weekly $.60 For forty years the most earnest advocate of all things which tend to make lite on the farm more pleasurable and profitable. The only farm paper tiiat gives its readers the best of all the news. Best of market reports. Wayside Tales ^,2?o"gl'iL^'*^"'"" iOO Never less than 164 pages. Never less than six crarking good short stories. Each issue contains articles by Opie Read, Stanley Water- loo. Col. Wm. Ligtiifoot Visscher. Chas. Eugene Banks, Irving Bach- eller, and other leading American writers. Beautifully illustrated. The Household Realm 19th year .50 A carefully edited monthly for the home; owned, edited and pub- lished exclusively by women and treating of every interest in the household. Profusely illustrated. The American Poultry Journal The oldest and b(_";t poultry paper in the world. It has improved with the years until it stands in the fore front of its class. Greens Fruit Grower ^^e^eading h^orucuuurai For Greens Fruit Grower you may substitute -^____ Vick's Magazine, Farm lournal. BloodedStock, Totsl ^? /O .50 .50 Tliis is unque^on- ably the greatest bargain in good periodical reading matter ever offered. Kansas City Star or St Paul Dispatch. i \JLai ^ptJ.MK^ Subscnbe today. Sample copies of The Farmers "Voice free. I/iberal terms to agents. FARMERS VOICE PUB. CO., 32 Voice Bldg. Chicago. ALL FOR $1 .00 1 1040 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 1 SJIIIIIIIIIIIIilllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli I GOODvS i I IN SEASON. I E Cases for marketing comb honey. Z = All kinds of packages for marketing = = extracted honey. . . . E = Glass jars for cannirg fruit = E Bee-escapes for taking off honey. = S Kvery thing the very best. ~ E Standard-bred Italian E E Queens. Full line E E of tHe best Bee E i BooKs. . . E S We yet have a full line of hives, sections, — = comb foundation, and every thing neces- E ^ sary for the bee-keeper. Big discount = 2 on all goods for next season's use, if = — ordered at once. Order now and save :: S money, and be in time for next year. ^ E Catalog Free. S I C. M.Scott ta Co., i E 1004 £. "WasHing'ton St.. E I Indianapolis, Ind. | ^llllllllllilllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllltiiiiri nT5Tl FENCE STRONGEST MADE. Buii- stront,' ohick- •n-tii,'ht. Sold to the Farmer at Whole- iale Price-.. Fully warranted, (ataloplree COILETl SPRING FENCE CO., Box 101 Winchester, Indiana. BEST OF All That's what users sav about the preat .^j;^ PRAIRIE STATE Incubators and Brooders Our illustrated catalog: tells why they are best. It's free. Write. Prairie State Incubator Co., Box 41 4t Homer City, Pa. MORE EGGS-LESS FEED OPIIM HdPPER. reen Itnne and Pntlnv Vegetable UUUcr Humphrey e£rj: yield and cut your feed 11 double n half. G ban any other. Trial offer and catalogue free. Ilamphrey, Minr St.Factorj, JoIiet.III. Reduced Prices! Good for the balance of this season only. As I desire to unite my nuclei as soon as possible, I will sell my Italian queens at the following low prices, until my present supply is exhausted : Untested qutens, 60c each; six or more, 50c each. Select untested. 75c each; six or more, 60c each. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteeed. Seud for circular and read reports from enthusiastic customers. J. P. IVIoore, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Ky. :lE ^^-- '-:- DON'T YOU WANT TO KNOW about the better quality of Page Wire and our simpler, more practical mode of construction? Our free catalog tells all about it. Ask for it. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO.. Box S. Adrian. Mich. AutomaticC iiKulMtMrs ly a praai^al man- Simi-ile and easy tu operate. THE IDEAL •hatches in a way tliat makes Results guaranteed. .Semi for I free hook on Incuhatcirs, Brooders, Poultry and Supplies. J.W. Miller Co^ Box 48. Freeport.Ill. RELIABLE is a word that stands for the best Incubators and Brooders in the world. Each has special dis- tineuiabing features. Send 10c postage for Book Xo. 19, just out, gWing guaranty of money back if incubator is not satisfactory. Beliahle Incnhatorand RrondepCo,, Uoit lt.49^uii^J'9 Illinois. BUSHELS OF EGGS follow the feeding of cut bone. The DANDY ^^1fu"ttl?"^ s the aitnplest.faptest and easiest bone cutter made. Price J.^.niiup. tfuld on 15 days trial. Satisfaction or no sale. Send for price book and ^'pecial Proposition. «tratton Mfs. 1042 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 1 PAGE & LYON, ISCONSIN. ^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ We will allow a cash discount of 5 per cent on orders sent in during Nov. Send for 0\ir FR.EE^ New Illtistratted Catalog and Price I^ist. ^ >!• .^t^&&:&S:e-.€:&&&&&&&e&&&&&&&:&6«6ftS':&6S&S':&&&:&:&&&?iS-:e-«&&:&&«&.&&&&&& ittmer's Foundation Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces the ^ Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and ^ RETAIL AND WHOLESALE Tougheiit, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. Working Wax into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. Beeswax Always Wanted at Highest Price. A Full Line of Supplies, Retail and Wholesale. Cataloe and prices with samples free on application. E. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Outaiio, Sole Agents in Canada for Dittmer's Foundation. If you have CUS. DITTIVIER, - - - AUGUSTA, WISCONSIN. y^^ Mf^ 11^ i^^-^ri ^jp ,^ igr .g^ ,^JB vffr-^gr-iyt i^gi v^ t^fi ^^ : If You Want a Smoker That goes without Puffing — Clean, Durable, and Handy — oldest, newest, and embracing all the improvements and in- ( M ventions made in smokers, send card for circulai to v "^ T. F, BINGHAM, FARIVELL, MICH. ^^-*-r*TT<^-*'T*^TjVTft--f^-«»— ^-*^-**"*'-*'-**--*'-*T-rfW-#lirrf*T*--^-^-*--*--*'-*--^ i Volume XXXII. NOVEMBER 15, 1904. Number 22 ^^ BEE CULTURE^. /"^"^ oNTENfs Market Quotations 1048 TRAWS, by Dr. Miller 1055 Pickings, by Stenog 1056 Conversations with Doolittle 1057 Editorials 1059 stores for Winter 1039 The Centrifugal Wax and Honey Extractor 1059 The Candied-honey Season at Hand 10 j9 Sidelig-hts from the St. Louis Convention 10"i9 Reliquefying Candied Honey in Bottles 1001 Extracting Wax by Centrifugal Force 1001 General Correspondence 1063 The Analysis of Honey ■'■ 1003 A Visit to Swarthmore lObl The Hoffman Frame Praised 1006 Hoffman Frame for Incompetent Help 1008 Heads of Grain 1069 a' Plea for Enameled Cloths and Quilts. 1069 How Many Acres will Support 100 Colonies 1009 Overstocking 1070 Bee Pasturage Protected by Law. 1070 Getting Rid of Fertile Workers 1070 Wintering Indoors in a Mild Climate 1071 Why Glucosed Honey Sells 1071 A Novel Experience in Introducing 1071 Our Homes 1073 High Pressure Gardening 1075 Notes of Travel 1074 The A.I. e MEDINA ^ Root Coj OHIO S> Western Edition. ENTERED AT THE PO.STOFFICE, AT MEDINA, OHIO, AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. TEXAS BEE-KEEPERS! Do You Want Satisfaction ? Then use the best hives, the best sections, the best of everything, by using Root's Goods. Don't be milled. Weed New Process Foundation. We are now installing a complete outfit of the latest Weed Comb-foundation Machinery at this branch. Save time and freight by sending your orders here. Beeswax wanted. Early-order Discount. Don't forget our 5 per cent early-order discount for November cash orders; 4 per cent off in December; 3 per cent in January. Change of Location. We are now located at 1322 South Flores St., where we shall be pleased to meet any and all bee keepers when in the city. Call and examine our goods, whether you wish to buy or not. THE A. I. ROOT CO., 1322 South Flores St., SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULIURE. 1047 C. H. W. Weber, Headquarters for Bee-Supplies Distributor of R.oot's Goods £.xclu.- sively at Root's Factory Prices. ^^ W <$) Let me sell you the Best Goods Made; you will be pleased on receipt of them, ^ Jk^ and save money by ordering from me. My stock is all new, complete, and ^«^«"*^e''. 4 ;; J Off Catalog Prices, t i^j January, 3 ** t '^ V^ February, 2 C. H. W. Weber. Office (Sh Salesroom, 214<3-214'8 Central A-ve. AVareHouse, Freeman and Central A.venue. Cinciririatiy - - OHio. ia jTj feoruary, x -- i yu, z_ I Keep Everything tKat Bee-Keepers Use, a large stock -. Hjy and a full line, such as the Standard Langstroth, lock-cornered, with and with- ^^ jmj out portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey and ^K^ - wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and bee-veils. .s. f Honey and Beeswax Wanted, f ^ I will buy honey and beeswax, pay cash on delivery; and shall be pleased to ^ ^ quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, barrels, or carloads of ex- ?. Uj^ tracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. Hi^ f^n ^^ ^ I Have in StocR Seed of tHe following Honey-plants: T rr) 14; A No. 1, l2V2(c 13; No. 1, 10<^' 11. The latter grade as well as Nos. 2 and 3 are not in demand, and prices nominal. Choice extracted white clover and Spanish needle in 5-gallon cans, 6V2(§7. Dark and southern honey, 5' -fa 6. South- ern, in barrels, Sfi'SVb. Beeswax, 28VL> per lb. R. Hartmann & Co., Nov. 7. 14 So. Second St., St. Louis, Mo. Chicago.— There is not demand sufficient to take the receipts ; hence are accumulating. Especially is this true of western honey, and off grades of the surround- ing territory. Fancy white -clover comb brings 14; other No. 1 to fancy white, 12Mif" 13; off grades, Ic to 2c less; amber, 10(&12; extracted white, 6Vl("7VL>; amber, 6ft?7. All of the foregoing is governed by quality, fla- vor, and kind of package. Beeswax, 28(''30 per lb. R. A. Burnett & Co., Nov. 7. 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Cincinnati.— Comb honey is now coming in more freely, and prices if any thing have moderated a'little. The sales made and prices obtained were: No. 1 fancy water white, 13 ■• 15; No. 2, 12^' 14. Extracted is sold as follows: white clover, in barrels, 6'/^; in cans, IV^&.S; am- ber, in barrels, 514(a5V2; in cans, 6(a6M>. Beeswax, 27. C. H. W. Weber. Nov. 7. 2146-8 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O. New York. — Receipts are now plentiful of nearly all grades. The demand is not quite as brisk as last year, and only fair. We quote fancy white at 14f" 15; No. 1 white at 13; lower grades at from 10 to 12; buckwheat at from 9 to 11, according to quality. Extracted honey- there is a fairly good demand at unchanged prices. Beeswax— dull, at from 28 to 29. Hildreth & Segelken, Nov. 7. 265-7 Greenwich St., New York. Albany.— Honey market easier to buy than sell at quotations. Concession has to be made on any quantity sales. We are holding at 15 for white; 14, mixed; 13 for Nos. 1 and 2. Buckwheat, 11 ((ai4; No. 1, ISCaU: No. 2, 11^12; No. 3. lOfall; No. 1 dark, lOOi 11; No. 2 dark, 9fa 10; white extracted, 7Ca7V2; amber extracted, 6V2'a7; dark extracted, SVi^e. Beeswax, 32^35. W. C. TowNSEND, Nov. 12. Buffalo, N. Y. Toronto.— No change in prices of honey. Sales are not very brisk at present. E. Grainger & Co., Nov. 8. Toronto, Can. For Sale.— a few more cases of fine dead-ripe ex- tracted honey, both white and amber, in 5-gal. square cans. Prices on application. Free samples. Address O. H. Townsend, Otsego, Mich. For Sale.— Extra-quality clover and basswood ex- tracted honey, 60-lb. cans, 7c. Friction-top pails of lOVi lbs. net, 7V-;c. Sample free. Reference, A. I. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y. F. W. Lesser, Sta. A, Syracuse, N. Y. For Sale.— Light extracted honey, in cans and bar- rels, 7y2 to SMi cts. a pound. Sample, 10 cts. Beeswax wanted. 1. J. Stringham, 105 Park Place New York. For Sale.— a few thousand pounds of light amber comb honey at 12c. Quirin-the-queen-breeder, Bellevue, O. WANTED FANCY COMB HONEY In No-drip Shipping Cases. o Also AMBER EXTRACTED In Barrels or Cans. ** Quote your lowest price delivered here. WE REMIT PROMPTLY. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI/OHIO. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1049 For Sale. 10.000 pounds of fine white comb honey. F. T. Vasey, Menomonie, Wis. Fob Sale— 10.000 pounds choice extracted honey. White clover and amber fall. In barrels, 7c; 60-lb. cans, TVac. Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, 111. f For Sale.— 10,000 clover and basswood. but slishtly off color. lbs. of fancy e.Ntracted honey. Also 2000 lbs. of the same quality GusTAVE Gross, Lake Mills. Wis. '' For Sale.— Clover and basswood extracted honey in 60-lb.. cans. One can, 8 cts.; two or more, 7', i cts. Do not send local checks. Mrs. C. L. Parker, Sta. A, Syracuse, N. Y. For Sale.— Extracted honey. No. 1, from alfalfa, 7V2 cts.; No. 2 alfalfa, partly from cantaloupe, 6V2 cts. Home and bees for sale. Write me. D. S. Jenkins, Las Animas, Colo. For Sale. — Finest quality, extracted white-clover honey at 7^c per pouud, iu ca.>-es of one new 58-lb. can. Sample, 8c. R. & E. C. Porter, Lewistown, 111. For Sale.— A few 160-pound kegs of fine white ex- tracted honey, well ripened on the hive. Sample free. Earl Rulison, Route 1, Esperance, N. Y. For Sale.— Fine extracted honey from alfalfa with trace of alsike, white, and red clovers, 6' jc per pound, 60-pound cans. E. F. Atwater, Meridian, Ida. For Sale." kegs or cans. -Extracted honey, clover or basswood, in Write for price. Sample, 8 cts. C. B. Howard, Romulus, N. Y. For Sale.— 8000 lbs. of clover extracted. Combs all capped befoi-e extracting, and no brood-combs handled. In 60-lb. cans, 8c. Return if not satisfactory. 200 cases of comb $3 per shipper's order. John C. Stewart, 20 years a bee-man, Hopkins, Mo. Wanted.— New crop white comb honey. Describe what you have, and state price. Evans & Turner, Columbus, O. Wanted. — Comb and extracted honey on commis- sion. Boston pa> s good prices for a fancy article. F. H. Farmer. 182 Friend St., Boston Mass. Wanted -Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted.— Comb and extracted honey. State kind, quantity, and how put up, and lowest cash price. Chas. Koeppen, Fredericksburg, Va. Wanted.— Well-ripened extracted honey to sell again. Give low price and full particulars in first letter. D. E. Lhommedieu, Colo, Story Co., Iowa. Wanted.— Clover extracted honey in cans or barrels; send sample, and state quantity, whether in barrels or cans, and price delivered afChicago or Medina. The a. I. Root Co., Medina. O. Wanted. — Buckwheat honey in kegs or cans. Send sample, and state price delivered at Medina. New York, Chicago, or Philadelphia. Mention quantity you can furnish. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, O. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at any time of the year Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hildreth & Segelken, 26.5-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 2.5c cash or 28 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St., Chicago, 44 Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio. DANZENBAKER ...$1.00 Smoker... Guaranteed to suit or the dollar back. Buy the D 20th Century Smoker, it is the best. The consi ruction is so simple and complete, it is sure to please, can not clog, smokts three to five hours at one filling. $100 each: thre-^, |2 .50 by express or with other gcods, by mail, each, 25c for postage. F. Da nzenbaker, Miami Florida. Special Notice to Bee-I(eepers..... Money In Bees for You. Catalog Price on Root's Supplies Catalog for the Asking. F. H. Farmer, i82 Friend si. Boston, Mass. : UP FIRST FLIGHTz NO DRONES in our pinntery. That is why we save you money. Sample hundred envelopes, noteheads, letterheads, busi- ness cards, statements, or billheads, 40c postpaid. Samplesfree. Young Brothers, Cirard, Pa. Chas. Israel (SL Brothers 486-4C>0 Canal St.. Ne-w YorK. Wholesale Sealers and Commission Merohants in Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc. OonslgnmentB Solicited. Established 1875. 1050 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 Postpaid to any address Sent on Approval 4 TO RESPONSIBLE PEOPLE Laughlin FOUNTAIN m^M, PEN ¥Mii Guaranteed Finest Grade 14k. SOLID GOLD PEN To test tlie merits of this pub- llcatlon as an advertising me- dium we offer you choice of These d» Two fP Popular Styles For Only (By ieglit«ied mall Sc extra) Holder Is made of the finest quality hard rubber, In four simple parts, fitted with very highest grade, large size Hk. gold pen, any flexibility de- sired — Ink feeding device perfect. Either style— Richly Gold Mounted for presentation purposes $1.00 extra. Grand Special Offer You may try the pen a week If you do notfind Itas repre- sented, fully as fine a value as you can secure for three times tha price in any other makes. If not entirely satis- factory In every respect, re- turn It and lue "will send you $1.10 for it, the extra lOc. Is for your trouble In -writing us and to shozv our confidence In the Laughlin Pen— (Not one customer in 5000 has asked for their money back.) Lay this Publication down and write NOW Safety Pocket Pen Holder sent free of charge with each Pen. Laughlin Mfg. Go. ^2 / Qriswold St. Detroit. Micb. FENCE STRONGEST MADE, iiuii- ■!i ti'„-ht. Sol.l to the l-'anm':at»hole- ^alp I'rici'S. FuHt uarranteil. ( atnlon 1 lee COILETi SPRING FENCE CO., Box 101 Winchester, Indiana. Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1S73.] Divoted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. \ I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apicultnral Dep't. J. T. CALVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. I,. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. Terms; $1.00 per annum ; two years, |1.50; three years, $2.00 ,• five years, $>. 00, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To all other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Dlscontintiances: The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, ani will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like this plan may have his journal stopped after the time oaid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISING RATES. Column width, 2}i inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Nel). 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 2.50 lines® 18 500 lines® 16 1000 lines® 14 2000 lines® 12 Page Rates (Nei). 1 page $40 00 i 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 2-5 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circulation Averat^e for 1903. 28^633, The National Bee-Keepers* Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, HamiUon, 111., Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodeeck, Los Angeles, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. HuTCHiNSOX, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, Loveland, Colorado. P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y. Udo Toepperwein, San Antonio, Texas. G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N Y. W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N. Y. J. M. Hambaugh, Hscondido, Cal. C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois. W.M. Mch!,\i)Y, WooaSioCK., Out. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CL'L'iURE. 1051 CHeap Lands CHeap Rates Special Home=seekers' Excursions October 11th and November 15th In addition to the regular Home-seekers' excur- sions, special Low Rates have been arranged for home-seekers on October 11th and November 15th, at round'trip rates lower than the one-way rates to different points reached by the Southern Rail- way and Mobile & Ohio Railroad. This is a rare opportunity to examine the cheap . and productive lands of the South and to select a home at a low cost. Let us send you illustrated publications, descrip- tions of cheap properties, and full information. An inquiry will bring them. M. V. RICHARDS, Land and Industrial Agent, WASHINGTON, D. C. Chas. S. Chase, Agent, Chemical Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. M. A. Hays, Agent, 225 Dearborn St., Chicago, III. Mr. A. I. Root's Writings of Grand Traverse territory and Leelanau Co. are descriptive of Michigan's most beautiful sections reached most conveniently via the Pere Marquette R. R. For pamphlets ci Michigan farm lands and the fruit belt, address J. E. Merritt, Manistee, Michi(?an. You get full face value, every time you buy Williams' Shaving Soap. Sold everywhere. Free trial sample for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. Write for booklet "How to Shave." The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. :s:_-__rnrii::: -^fW— W-~* -.. ^^ "■ l^EE^^^£^3 3PAGE^ ^^^S ]': NOW IS THE TIME to investigate fence qualities. You can't afford to buy without knowing more about Page Fences. Our free catalog tells why they are better investments. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Box S, Adrian, Mich. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cu ting, mitering, grooving, boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for working wood in an.v man-^_^^ ner. Send for catalog A. s The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co . *' 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs.. IJ. Y. Foot IJ^ and Hand Power 'Follow the Flag." 5 Fair Excursions Day to St. Louis VIA WABASH Only line direct to uinln entrance of the Exposition — Pullman Sleepers — Free Reclininj; Chair Cars— Wabash Dining Cars— Kolflcr containing rates, train schedules, maps of St. Louis and the World's Fnlr grounds, with hotel boolilets, mailed free on application to F. H. TRISTRAIW, Ass't. Gen'l. Pass'r. Agent, PITTSBURG, PA. etc., have been the standard of excellence for half a century. The best always cheapest. Have hundreds of carloads of Fruits and Ornamentals 4n acres of Hardy Knses. 44 green!ioii-^ev ,if Palms. Ficiis. Ferns. Koses, etc. Uire.t deiil wi 1 insure V..U tie- hestHnd save you monev. rorresrondence solicited. Valuable catalogue free. 51st year. HXXiacres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., PAINESVILLE, OHIO. 1052 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULT'. RE. • Nov. 15 We have issued a Special Edition of Doolittle's Scientific Queen= Rearing. . , It is bound in leatherette (a limp cover), but it contains exactly the same reading matter as the cloth-bound edition which sells at $i.oo. Every bee-keeper should have a copy of G. M. Doolittle's book, as it contains not only his excellent methods of rearing the best queen- bees, but also gives His Management for Producing Comb Honey. We mail a copy of this leatherette-bound edi- tion of Doolittle's book with the weekly Ameri- can Bee Journal one year — both for only $1.50. (New subscribers to the Bee Journal on this offer will receive it the rest of 1904 free). Bet- ter order now. A sample copy of the Weekly American Bee Journal sent for the asking. Address the Publishers, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, III. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1053 A Honey Route in something the same line as a milkman has a route, has been inaugurated, and put into practice for several years by Mr. C. F. Smith, of Chebo.vgan, Mich. Theie is no peddling- about it. On certain days, except during the busy time of the year with bees, he goes over a cer- tain route, calling at certain houses, and delivering a certain amount of honey. In this vi^ay he sells all his owm extracted honey at 13 cents a pound, and then buys and sells thousands of pounds besides. How the honey FREE ! i^^^J^jnl^^ X LEARN more about the great poultry indu stry. They make money while you sleep, and will ,^ fM^^u- 1 live on what you 'ffi!l\--' I T^ / ^ ("Kit throw away. Our I paper tells how to »T; -^f^ »< -m^- " ^".c- ™al^e money on >~vf yT. %^'*^ i/'jg^y / poultry, eggs, and ^4^- "^'^^ *^^tfBBP / incubators. Ask for ■"■kSP/ sample copy now— . _^^^^^^_^a0?\/ it is free. "^^^^^^^^^^ Inland Poultry Journal, 40 Cord Building, Indianapolis, Ind. The American Fancier. The only weekly paper devoted exclusively to thorough- bred and practical poultry culture. Bright, newsy, and independent. A true fancier's paper. :• :• :• :• J. H. DREVENSTEDT, EDITOR. Send for a sample copy. Address :• :• :• :• :• :• The American Fancier, Johnstown, N. Y, POULTRY HERALD. St. Paul, Minn. One of the best papers of its class. Practical, illus- trated, every issue interesting. Regular subscription price, 50 cents per year. If you are not now a subscriber, SerkdL a. Quarter, stamps or silver, and get a year's trial subscription. Address POULTRY HERA-I^O, St. Paul, Minn. Poultry in the West- Also Dogs and Pigeons, for Pleasure and Profit. Do you want to know about how they are bred on the great Pacific Ck)ast? The Pacific Coast Fanciers' Monthly, brim full of good reading, handsomely illustrated, up- to-date, will tell you. Try it for a year. TRIAL sub- scriptions, one year, 50 cts. Bee culture and poultry- raising go well together. FANCIERS' MONTHLY, San Jose. California. GIVEN AWAY FREE Poultry Punches, Account Books, Business and Visiting Cards, Etc. For full information write your name and address on a postal card and send it to the OHIO POULTRY JOURNAL. DAYTON. OHIO. is put up, how the route was established, how he knows at which houses to call, how much honey to bring, etc., are all told in an article that runs through both the Oc- tober and November Bee-keepers' Review. Send ten cents for these two issues, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. POULTRY SUCCESS= Uth Year. 32 TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine lieauiifully illuatrated.500 yr. , showt readers now lo succeed with Poultry. Special I otpoductory OfFer. 3 years 60 cts, 1 year 25 cts; i months' trial lOcts. Stampsacceptfd. Sample copy free. 148 page lUustraieo practic*' uitry book free to yearly subscribers, itaiogue ji poultry publications free. Poultry Succesi Co., gpPLgseid.o ( WORTH 10 cts. 1 DO YOU WANT IT? IF NOT, GIVE IT TO A FRIEND OF YOURS. Return this ad. and 15 cts. (regular price 25 cts. ) and we will seud you our 32 page, practical, up-to-date mouthly, poultry, pigeon ami pet .stock paper, cue year as a trial. 4 years .50 cts. tSend at once, this is a bargain. POULTRY ITEM. BoxO. Fricks. Pa. Fruit Growers AND FARMERS Thousands ol; the best fruit prowers and farmers read the .Southern Fruit Grower because they find it the most helpful fruit paper published. Con- tains 24 to 4U pages of valuable fruit and farming information every month. oOc a year. Send 10c and 10 names of fruit growers and get it (J months on trial Sample tree. THE SOUTHERN FRUIT GROWER, Box I , Chattanooga, Tenn. Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PKlCES. Eager market. Money- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here is something wobth look- ing INTO. Send for our FREE BOOK. " How to Make Money with Squabs,' and learn this rich industry. Address PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO , 289 Atlantic Ave., BOSTON, mass. Hunter-Trader-Trapper Illustrated 64 to 80 page month- ly journal about game, steel traps, deadfalls, trapping se- crets, and raw fur. Published by experienced hunter, trapper, and trader. Subscription $1.00 a year; sample copy 10 cents. A. R. HARDING. Editor, Gallipolis, 0 hi. W^^A^JT Lovers of Good Books a n l6Q ■ to write for list ut OM titles to select from Beautiful cloth-bound $1 books mailed 4 for |1 These story books are bv the he-^t authors, 200 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO., (Ref. Publishers of Gleanings.) Box 1014, Denver.Col. 1054 (iLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 CLOSE ON TO 100. WHAT? BEWARE WHERE YOU BUY YOUR BEEWARE /watertown; WIS s A MAKES THE FINEST C. B. Lewis Company. Watertown, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Send for Catalog. • DELVoTE. •To -Be. ELS" .. •andHoNEY •and homel* ' >2^iSc-' ^ ru b ishedy T}fEA 1^0 oY Co. Sio^perVear 'Xs^'MEDINA-OHIO- Vol. XXXII. NOV. 15, 1904. No. 22 l^l^Dr.C.CMiLLER. You're right, Mr. Editor, p. 1011, at first I used saltpetered rotten wood, but had for- gotten it— it seems you hadn't. Rotten wood is, pei'haps, better than rags; but rags are easier to find in our family. Application has been made for a patent on the Columbus foundation (with metal base) on this side of the Atlantic, says '■Jung-Klaus" in Deutsche Imker. Tell Herr Schulz, friend Jung-Klaus, that the thing is old in this country, and hardly pat- entable. Please explain, friend Green, more about that use of comb honey for candy, p. 1013. If the honey is heated— and generally no candy is made without heating— wouldn't the wax separate, leaving the honey the same as extracted? Do you mean that the honey and wax are mashed up together some way, without heating ? Some of our foreign brethren seem to think that Americans have comparatively little to do with extracted honey. I wonder how that is. I don't really know whether more comb or extracted is produced. Per- haps you can tell us something about it, Mr. Editor; at least, you can tell us something about the sale of extractors. W. GuENTHER says in Imker aus Boehmen the best time to move bees a short distance is not in early spring, but between Sept. 15 • and Oct. 20. [Between Sept. 15 and Oct. 20 ! I should say that every thing depends upon the locality to which this is intended to apply. If it comes quite cold so that the bees do not fly much between the days named, then the bees may be moved. In our locality the dates would have to be from, say, Nov. 1 on. —Ed.] The price of the new foundation in Ger- many is 6 pfennigs for 100 square centime- ters."^ If I figux'e correctly, that's about 13 J cents a square foot. At 55 cents a pound, medium brood foundation costs about 8 cents a square foot. That makes the new foun- dation about 70 per cent more expensive. In reahty the difference wouldn't be that much, for I think prices are higher in Ger- many than here. Quite amusing it is sometimes to see the understanding— or misunderstanding — that some of our good friends across the water have of things originating this side. In Bienen-Vater, p. 26 L, without a word of comment from its able editor, Alois Alfon- sus, appears an article by K. Muehlstein, who occupies more than a page to prove that a long-tongued queen must be a bad queen, because a queen with a tongue ab- normally developed must necessarily have egg-producing organs that are not normally developed! Freund Alfonsus, nicht die Ko- niginnen, sondern die Arbeitsbienen, sind langruesselig. M. Mercier says in Progres Apicole that if from a colony the queen and all eggs and unsealed brood be removed at the same time, such colony will never develop laying work- ers. From this he concludes that laying workers are produced in this way: When a queen is removed and all brood left, the brood to be fed becomes less and less at a rapid rate, and the nurses have an oversup- ply of pap; so the last part of the brood gets an extra dose, enough to make laying work- ers of them. I wonder if his premises are correct. Possibly W. H. Laws can tell us; for if M. Mercier is correct, then there should never be laying workers in baby nu- clei without brood. In spite of what I have said, under the conditions that you name, Mr. Editor, page 1013, having to make a choice for fall feed- ing between sugar, and honey that I didn't feel safe to use without boiling, I'd take the sugar. Too ticklish a job to cook the honey enough to be sure of killing all spores without heating too much for good winter- 1056 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 ing. [I should really like to know, though, whether honey does contain certain food el- ements that the bees really need, not found in the sugar syrup. During the process of storing in the combs, according to the chem- ists, the bees invert this sugar syrup so that it is just as digestible as any honey; and in saying this I do not wish to carry the impression that the inverted-sugar syrup is also honey. See the article by W. A. Sel- ser, page 1063 of this issue. —Ed.] Springs for brood-frames ! I must have been napping, for I don't remember seeing anything about them before the mention by J. A. Green, p. 1014. Why shouldn't they be a good thing, squeezing the frames up together while you sleep ? " They must be made properly, though." What do you mean ? How are they properly made ? Don't hide your light, Jimmy. [I do not remember to have seen any suggestion of springs for the brood-nest before Mr. Green mentioned them. It is my impression that he put it out as an original suggestion of his own. The springs may be all right, but I am of the opinion I should not care to bother with them. I once talked with R. L. Taylor, who, as you know, is a user of the Heddon hive. While the original hive was provided with thumbscrews Mr. Taylor con- sidered their use unnecessary and expensive. If I remember correctly he gave it as his opinion that the closed-end frames without the pressure would separate just as readily as those squeezed tightly together.— Ed.] P. Neumann, in Lerpziger Bztg., quotes a Straw from p. 740, and thinks I don't con- sider the different conditions in Europe and here; for instance, that we have to do large- ly with comb honey and they with extract- ed. My good German friend, don't for a minute think that I depreciate the advanced position of bee-keeping across the water. Especially when it comes to theory— upon which all solid practice must be built— I take off my hat to the patient and careful inves- tigators in the fatherland. The only point I was making was that, whereas formerly nothing in the foreign journals appeared as to bee-keeping on this side, now it is the com- mon thing. That may be because our for- eign brethren have become more wideawake to pick up good things, as you say, wherever found; or it may be that more good things are to be picked up here than formerly— prob- ably both. At any rate, many of the for- eign journals now have a bright eye on the lookout for good things to be picked up, of which you are yourself a good example. And it's a good thing that we're thus com- ing closer together all the time. Grusz— or, if you'll let me put it in Western U. S., shake. Thanks, Mr. Editor, for the very clear and explicit instructions for accustoming a horse to an automobile, p. 1012. This is really a very important matter; and if those instructions had been known and followed it nii'T-ht have saved two or three serious acci- denis here. Just the day before Glean- ings came, with the aid of my good friend Bert Piper I gave a lesson to one of my horses. At his suggestion I led the horse up to see and smell of the machine; then he started it to chug-chugging, standing still. Then he started up slowly, and I walked along beside the auto, leading Beauty by a long hitch-rope. Without stopping I stepped into the auto, letting the horse walk for a few rods, and then the speed was increased to a trot. After going two or three miles it seemed to be an old story, and I don't believe there will be quite the same fear hereafter. [The horses are getting very much used to the automobile in our locality; but occasionally nervous women and crusty old men, by a sudden drawing-up of the lines until they are taut, yanking up the whip, etc., make the horse feel as if some- thing were going to happen, and so he nat- urally looks around to see what the impend- ing disaster is. It is well enough for driv- ers to be prepared; but we should not ex- cite the horse unnecessarily. —Ed.] A French writer says the juice of common plantain is the best thmg he has ever found to take away the pain of stings of bees, mos- quitos, etc. As the remedy is sure to be al- ways at hand (or under foot) it might be worth trying. xiu Bee-keepers generally live to be old; but this longevity is not accounted for solely by the use of honey, but by the inoculation of bee poison, either by breathing it or by be- ing stung. So says Gazette Apicolc on the authority of a French writer. Some have reported themselves as being unfavorably affected by the odor of a hive just opened. I'm very sure it was Geo. W. York who first carried into practice the idea of teach- ing schoolchildren something about bees, in the public schools of Chicago. All honor, however, to others who keep up the practice. Children are easily interested in whatever moves, even if that mover makes them move sometimes in a hurry. The nearer our schools can be brought to practical life, the better. In U Apicidteur for October, Mr. C. P. Dadant gives a fine summing-up of the honey prospects of the United States for this year. The lateness of the season deters me from translating it, for the actual figures are bet- ter than any prophecy concerning it. He says there is sure to be far less than an 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1057 average crop. 1 also learn from it that J. M. Hambaugh has left Southern California for Nevada, owing to the severity and fre- quency of the dry spells in the Golden State. L'Apicidtcnr advises bee-keepers to save all the propolis scraped from frames or oth- er parts of the hive. A piece about the size of a black-walnut, when placed on a warm stove, will fill the room with the most de- lightful odor, rivaling the best essences. Pieces of it placed in drawers containing clothes will impart to them a most agreeable odor. Let bee-keepers take good note of this and save all their propolis. i«< Dr.' Miller says: Good thing to know that sharp eyes are upon us all the time. Over in Germany a bee-journal calls atten- tion to a slip in Gleanings, p. 740, where the French journal, I'Apiculteur is called VAjncultiire. Now will some one tell us whether that spelling originated in Marengo, or whether it was the emendation of some genius in Medina ? Between Bulletin d' Apiculture, which is right, and I'Apiculteur, the mistake may have occurred here. Apiculture in French is the same as the English word so spelled ; but apiculteur means the man, the apicul- turist. In the British Bee Journal for Oct. 13, Mr. John J. Ker makes the following good points on foul brood: Some few years ago one of my apiaries (containing some forty stocks) was almost completely destroyed ow- ing to the ravages of this pest. I tried introducing new V>lood, and purchased a new queen direct from Italy, which was given to a colony and duly accepted. The following spring two of my stocks swarmed, and the young queens mated with Italian drones from the above- named colony. In course of time my other stocks dwindled down to seven, and these were ultimately burned, thus leaving me with only the one stock of pure Italian and two offsprings of the same. This. I think, points conclusively to the value of this particular breed of bees as possessing a certain immunity from the scourge of foul brood. I have had no return of the dis- ease since the introduction of Italian blood, and am con- stantly improving my stocks by obtaining queens and stocks from all parts of the country. I take from the American Bee Journal the following rather caustic review of what Mr. W. K. Morrison said in these columns rel- ative to glucose. Ordinarily such reviews should appear in the journal publishing the article in question; but perhaps Prof. Eaton had good reasons for inserting his criticism in the "Old Reliable." I can not see any valid reason why bee-keepers should object to the circulation of the " Wiley lie " when they countenance and spi ead such articles as that copied on page 698 from Gleanings, attributed to W. K. Moi-ri- son. Knowing the editors of the above publication, I would not accuse them of intentionally circulating false statements, but attribute them rather to ignor- ance or oversight. As regards the article, there is not a single truthful statement of fact from the first to the last sentence, nor in the introductory paragraph. To itemize: Pure glucose is sold for 10 cents a pound, and less. Chemists do refer to this article when they speak of the wholesomeness of glucose. The article referred to at 50 cents per pound is probably chemically pure dextrose quoted by Merck at $2.00 per pound, or chemically pure dextrin at $1.00 per pound — the chief constituents of commercial glucose. Glucose is not a particularly disagreeable article. The poisoning cases in Manchester, Eng., were from beer made laroely from glucose instead of containing minute quantities thereof. The glucose was not used forcolor or body.but to supply sugar to make alcohol, thus making a clioaper beer than by the use of grain. The discovery was not made by chance, but by tracing the poisoning to the beer, and by chemical analyses thereof by public analysts. Use of glucose in beer is not the pinncipal use to which glucose is put, its principal uses being in syrups, candy, artificial jellies and jams, and preserves. Good beer is free from glucose, and the glucose variety, if not an actual adulterated article, should be sold as glucose beer. Finally, the poisoning in the English beer was not due to glucose per se, but to an accidental impurity in the glucose— .arsenic— which was due to some highly con- taminated pyrite from which the sulphuric acid used in manufacture of glucose was made. Since the discovery of arsenic in glucose beer, many other articles made from sulphuric acid have been dis- covered to contain traces of arsenic. Sulphuric acid, however, has not been used in this counti-y in the manu- facture of glucose for many years, hydrochloric acid taking its place, which, when neutralized with soda, leaves nothing but common salt in the glucose, and which, being harmless, is not removed. There are plenty of grounds on which to fight the sale of glucose mixtures for honey without entering the field of fiction. Prof. E. N. Eaton, State Analyst for the Illinois Food Commission. EXTRACTED AND COMB HONEY FROM A COLO- NY AT THE SAME TIME. "Hello, Doolittle! Got time for a little talk this evening?" "Yes, Brown. The evenings are quite long now, and it is a good plan at this time of the year, and for the next three months to come, to talk and study up on the bee question, so as to be the better prepared for the season of 1905. But what did you wish to talk about?" "My bees did not seem to work as well in the sections the past summer as I thought they ought to, and I am thinking of buying an extractor for next season, so that I can extract the honey out of the brood-combs when I put on the sections. I think there was too much honey in the brood-combs for good work in the sections. What would you advise?" "Well, I would advise every bee-keeper having five or more colonies to procure an extractor, but I would not advise buying an extractor for the purpose you name, for I believe such a fallacy." "How is that? I was talking with Mr. Smith in this matter, and he thought my plan would be all right." "Many, hke yourself and Smith, seem to suppose that something must be done in times of section honey to clear the brood- combs of honey to give the queen room to lay, so as to keep up the population of the colony, they apparently thinking that, when bees are working in sections, the brood-combs must necessarily become crowded with hon- ey to its exclusion from the sections, while 1058 CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 the truth is that, when the bees are at work nicely in the sections, with a proper-sized brood-chamber, there will be very little hon- ey in the combs under the sections." " How about that proper size? what should it be, in your opinion?" "The bee-keepers of fifty years ago con- sidered a hive containing from 2000 to 2500 cubic inches as the right size, and we find that some of them recommended the feeding of inferior honey a week or two before the honey-flow, so as to have the space in the brood-chamber, not occupied with brood, fill- ed with this poor honey, this compelling the bees to put the honey gathered from the harvest in the boxes." "Well, that would be strange from my standpoint. I should think such a coui'se would stand right in the way of a crop of comb honey." ' ' It did not. It was a help, but not nearly so much so as would be the reduction of that brood-chamber to one containing only from 1.500 to 1600 cubic inches." "Please explain how it helped." "By thus feeding they gave the bees no place to put the hon<-y they gathered except in the boxes, thereby losing the use of this inferior honey for half a year or more, be- sides having the boxes separated from the brood by more or less distance of sealed stores for the bees to pass over, which was, of course, a detriment; yet, even with these faults they secured more honey than they would otherwise, because the first honey gathered from the fields went into the box- es instead of into the brood-combs." "I think I begin to see the matter in a new light. But how differently do you man- age?" "My plan to accomplish this object has been to have the hive or brood-chamber of a size that an average queen will keep filled to the exclusion of honey, thus keeping the section boxes close to the brood. If you will try this you will find that the queen will keep the combs in a hive of 1500 to 1600 cubic inches filled with brood, except, perhaps, the extreme upper corners; and if any honey is to be had from the fields, the bees will put it in the sections, as there is nowhere else to store it. This is one of the secrets of suc- cessful comb-honey production. ' ' "But this does not touch the extracting part, does it?" "Let us see. Suppose you should extract all the honey from the brood-combs in the 2500-cubic-inch hive every week or so. as you seemed to suppose was necessary, it would be doubtful about your getting more than a few pounds of honey in the sections, if you got any at all. Bees will not enter the sec- tions and build comb therein so long as there are plenty of combs containing empty cells close by the brood for them to store the hon- ey they gather. ' ' ' ' I had not thought of the matter in this light, and it certainly does look that way. ' ' "Yes; and let me say further, you may take a hive of 1500 to 1600 cubic inches, and fill it with frames of sealed honey, and put on the sections, and then put a strong swarm in it, made by the ' " shook ' ' plan ur natural swarming, the same having a good prolific queen, and in two weeks' time you will have nearly all of said honey in your sections (pro- vided the bees are gathering some from the fields), and the combs below nearly filled with brood." "But how about the old hive? Will not the combs therein become filled with honey?" "If you allow a first swarm to issue, or make a shook swarm from any hive, and pre- vent all after-swarms, by the time the young queen becomes fertile every available cell in the brood-chamber will be filled with hon- ey if the time is during the honey harvest, with a good flow on, and still no start will be made in the sections. But just so soon as she commences to lay, the bees will go to work in the sections, and in 16 to 20 days, if we examine them, we shall find scarcely a cell of honey in the brood-combs, and as nice a lot of brood as we ever saw. Now to get at the point you wished to know, we will suppose that, just as this queen was fertilized, we had extracted all the honey from the brood-chamber, to give the queen room for her eggs, what would have been the result?" " I will return the question back to you for an answer, for you have upset all of my former notions on the subject." /'The probability would be that we should not get a single section completed on that hive, unless the season was long continued, or the fall flowers gave a good supply; for the bees would go to storing in the cells made empty by the use of the extractor, be- fore the queen had filled many with eggs; and, having plenty of room for the present in the brood-combs, and not entering the sec- tions when they should, they would have re- stricted the room of the queen, which would result in no honey in the sections, combs crowded with honey, and a weak colony for winter— or, at least, this has been my expe- rience." "Well, I am near enough convinced that you are right to try this plan another year. But may 1 ask what frame and hive you use to give the 1500 to 1600 cubic-inch brood- chamber?" " When I was conducting the most of my experiments I was using the Gallup hive and frame exclusively. These hives, as originat- ed by Mr. Gallup, held 12 frames; but I soon made hives to contain only 9 of the frames. With the purchase of an out-apiary containing ten-frame Langstroth hives 1 was led, gradually, to adopt said hive, so that I now use these more largely than the Gallup." "But a ten-frame L. hive is larger than was the twelve-frame Gallup, and either con- tains more than 2000 cubic inches, while you have been talking about a hive containing from 1500 to 1600 cubic inches." "Yes, 1 see an explanation is needed. In connection with the ten-frame L. hive, I use dummies so that I can reduce the hive to any capacity which the queen is occupying with brood at the time the harvest begins. A few of the hives are reduced as low iyo4 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1059 as 5 frames at this time, more to 6 frames, the majority to 7 and 8 frames, some with 9; and in a few exceptional cases the queen will occupy the whole 10 frames. In this way we can secure the best results in accord to the laying capacity of the queen." STORES FOR WINTER. Our friends are asking by the score how much honey or sugar stores their bees will require during winter. While this question is answered in all the text-books, it may be well to state here that we figure on from 10 to 15 lbs. indoors, and from 15 to 20 out- doors. An ordinary comb, when filled full of sealed stores, weighs anywhere from 4 to 5 lbs. By glancing over the combs one can, therefore, estimate according to their fill- ing about the amount of stores he has; then feed if necessary. THE CENTRIFUGAL WAX-EXTRACTOR ALSO A HONEY-EXTRACTOR. I OMITTED to mention in the write-up of the centrifugal wax-extractor that the cut on the right side is to show how the same machine may be used for extracting combs as well as hot wax. A pair of wire-cloth screens properly braced are dropped down into the baskets, one on each side. The combs are then leaned up against these, when a rapid whirling of the basket will throw out the honey in the ordinary way. Of course, the combs have to be lifted out to be reversed. THE CANDIED-HONEY SEASON AT HAND. The season for putting up candied honey in bags, or cutting candied honey into bricks, and wrapping it up in paraffined paper, is now at hand. We are doing a nice little business locally in this line. Our employees prefer it to the liquid or even the best grades of comb honey. Full particulars have already been given for putting up hon- ey in this form, so it will not be necessary to repeat them. If you would like to know how it is done, send for our IV^OS catalog, which will be ready for delivery by Dec. 1st. Those who are at all skeptical should test their local markets, first explaining why such honey is absolutely pure, why it must be of the very best in order to granulate solid, for it is well known that an inferior and imperfectly ripened honey will not be- come hard like cheese or butter in a cool atmosphere. SIDELIGHTS FROM THE ST. LOUIS CONVEN- TION; BEE-KEEPING AS A SPECIALTY. A PAPER read by Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson, on bee-keeping as a business, was an excel- lent one. He showed what specialty had done in certain lines of work, and urged up- on some bee-keepers the importance of de- voting their whole attention to bees. This would require keeping more of them, enabl- ing the same tools and outfits to yield a larger revenue for the capital invested. As I have already given the substance of Mr. Hutchinson's able arguments on this subject some issues back, I will not reproduce them here. But the paper as a whole called forth a most spirited discussion. It developed the fact that there are but few who make bees a specialty, the great majority preferring to keep bees in connection with some other pur- suit. Dr. Miller poked a little fun at Mr. Hutchinson by asking him how many bee- keepers would be left in the field if all were to be driven out except those who made a sole business of it. "Not very many— pos- sibly 200 in the United States," Mr. Hutch- inson responded. "Well," said the doctor, "will you tell us what would be the subscrip- tion price of the Review?" This raised a ripple of laughter. Mr. Hardy said he was only a farmer of 220 acres, a commercial photographer, and a bee-keeper. He started only three years ago with 18 colonies in bad condition. These he increased to 154, and took $li!4 worth of honey. The second year he did $750 worth of photographing, took $2750 from the farm, bought more bees, and sold $262 worth of honey. This year he made $592 by photo- graphing, and took two tons of honey. He has been so busy he could not even read the Review. Dr. Miller believed in specialization, but thought we made more advancement by hav- ing in our ranks those who carried on a mix- ed business. Mr. Abbott thought bee-keep- ing as a specialty was a dream. He, on the other hand, had been educating the farmer to keep bees, showing him how he could in- crease his profit with little extra outlay of labor. The discussion developed the fact that there are many farmers who keep bees in a slipshod way. When foul brood got started they would allow it to be scattered, and in- fect the bees of the specialist. Mr. Calhoun, of Missouri, was not a spe- cialist. He took 15,000 lbs. of honey this fall, and 10,000 last season. At that time he was a mechanic, a blacksmith, making a living on the farm. He believed the times were advancing, and that the farmer was progressing too, and explained that he could not only make his farm pay, but his bees as well. One should go at his business intelli- gently with God, not as a one-eyed man raising only hogs and corn. Raising honey, he thought, was intimately connected with the farm. Mr. Delong, of Nebraska, is one whom the readers of Gleanings ought to hear rather than read. He has an inimitable 1060 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 way of expressing himself, bringing a ripple of laughter all through the convention. He was, he said, what one might call a farmer bee-keeper. He owned a hundred head of cattle, 50 acres of orchard, 400 acres of land, and several hundred colonies of bees, at one time having 525. But he did not be- lieve the farmer could make bees work for nothing and board themselves. He face- tiously put it this way: A friend of his asked him how he got so many bees and so much farm. He replied that he got them by sit- ting down at the corner grocery, whittling boxes and telling yarns. The bigger the yarns, the more bees and farm he got. Mr. Krebs thought the discussion had tak- en a sort of side line, or, rather, it assumed that Mr. Hutchinson would drive everybody out of the business of keeping bees except the specialist. Mr. H. meant nothing of the sort. As he understood it, the bee-keeper should be a specialist to the extent that he should understand all the tricks of the trade; but that in order to make the most money he should keep bees only. I wish I could give space to all the testi- mony that was offered. One man had paid off a mortgage on a farm with his bees. An- other had increased his income. There was not enough flora in his locality to warrant keeping bees on a large scale, but there Avas enough to make a few bees a very nice side line. IS GRANULATED HONEY IN AIKIN'S PAPER PACKAGE A BENEFIT TO THE MARKET? This was one of the questions that was thrown into the question-box. A lively dis- cussion followed, showing that the general subject of candied honey had received care- ful thought on the part of many of the members present. Mr. France explained that he wrote that question at the request of one of the members, the idea being whether the effect of the granulated honey on the market was injurious, or whether we should push the business and seek to educate the public. Mr. Brown, of California, had had some experience with it. He had put his honey in oyster-pails, and it did nicely till hot weather came on, then the honey had a tendency to ooze, forcing its way through the paper. He admitted, however, that his packages had not been paraffined. Mr. Weber, of Ohio, thought we should educate the people to know granulated honey was pure. The general impression was that honey in that form was nothing but sugar. We might have a good trade if the public could only be convinced that honey in that form was all right. HOW TO KEEP HONEY LIQUID FOR A YEAR OR MORE. Mr. Lovesey, of Utah, had tried to sell it in Salt Lake City; but, in spite of all he could say, his customers would insist that it was sugar. He had to reliquefy all the honey, and even go a little further— put a little amber in it to darken it, because their water-white was not thought to be pure. He then gave a twist to the discussion, that had a practical bearing. He found it was necessary for him to keep his honey from granulatmg as long as possible. The only way to do this was to keep it at a low tem- perature, 100 or 120 degrees, for several days. When honey was heated higher than 120 it lost some of its flavor, he thought. When asked how he heated the honey he said he did it on a gasoline-stove having three burners. Mr. Dadant took issue with him, saying he thought the honey ought to be put in a vat surrounded by water. His firm had sold granulated honey in pails for many years, and their trade had become educated to it. Mr. Abbott did not think that heating honey in water was necessary. He had done a large business in selling bottled hon- ey; and whenever the packages candied he took them back and subjected them to dry heat. To put them in water would spoil the labels, making it necessary to wash, wipe, and relabel. Several assailed Mr. Lovesey on the ad- visability of keeping honey hot so long; but Mr. L. explained that, while the tempera- ture might go up to 120, it was usually not more than 100— sometimes less. 'Ihis low temperature long continued would put the honey in a condition to keep liquid for a whole year; while a higher temperature, say of 150 to 160, for only an hour, might not prevent it from granulating again inside of 60 days. We have had a good deal of proof given in these columns at various times to show that a low temperature long continued will keep honey in a condition where it will stay liquid and clear for a great length of time- sometimes for two years. Mr. Henry Alley used to sell this as a secret, but I believe he has since given it to the public. LOCATION OF THE CONVENTION NEXT YEAR. At one of the sessions there were several speeches in favor of the convention going to various places. Messrs. Muth and Weber, of Cincinnati, spoke in favor of that city. Mr. H. H. Hyde made a strong plea for San Antonio, saying it was in the heart of one of the best honey-producing sections in the United States; that there would be a large local attendance; that San Antonio had once or twice stepped aside in favor of some oth- er city, and now he thought that, as a mat- ter of justice, his city should have the con- vention next year. Mr. Benton invited the bee-keepers to Washington, D. C, and Mr. N. E. France presented an invitation from the bee-keep- ers of Oregon. This matter as to where the convention shall go rests entirely with the executive committee. It is possible that they may ask for informal votes from bee- keepers, and make their decision accordingly. THE BEE CONVENTIONS TO BE VISITED BY THE EDITOR WITHIN THE NEXT FEW DAYS. I EXPECT to attend the following conven- tions, occurring at different points as fol- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1061 lows: The Chicago Northwestern at Chica- go, Nov. 30 and Dec. 1; Southwestern Ohio and Hamilton Co. Bee-keepers' Association at Cincinnati, Dec. 2; the Minnesota bee- keepers' convention at Minneapolis, Dec. 7, 8. A KINETOSCOPE MOVING PICTURE OF A SWARM OF BEES. We have just purchased a new moving- picture outfit of the very latest pattern — the best that can be obtained. With this I ex- pect to project not only some new lantern- slides but a moving picture of a swarm of bees at the above conventions. This latter will take about 15 minutes to show. Bees are seen pouring out of the hive, flying in the air, clustering on a limb of a tree, are sawn off by their owner, are dumped in front of the entrance, are seen running in, are literally scooped up by handfuls, and finally hived. There are a few other inter- esting novelties in connection with this pic- ture, all of which will be given at these conventions. At some of our future meetings I may show in a moving picture the process of shaking or brushing bees to prevent swarm- ing; the process of extracting, etc. There is nothing like seeing a thing done step by step to learn how. I had intended to be present at the Toron- to convention of Canadian bee-keepers on November 15th to 17th; but I find it impossi- ble to get away at this time. I will endeav- or to atone for this by going next year. But I shall be glad to meet all of our friends at any of the conventions above mentioned. I understand that Mr. N. E. France will be present at two of the meetings, viz., at Chicago and at Cincinnati. He will then go on to the Harrisburg meeting, which con- flicts for me with the date of the Minneapo- lis meeting. But for this I would have gone on to Harrisburg and given there a moving- picture exhibition. This same outfit with the moving pictures, together with some of my best slides, will be shown in many of the different towns and cities of the East during the coming winter. We have made arrangements with a prominent lecturer, the Rev. D. E. Lyon, of Matawan, N. J., also a skillful bee-keeper, to give his celebrated lecture before many of the farmers' institutes and bee conven- tions of the East. If you have a chance to take in his lecture, do so. His dates will be announced later. Or possibly he may be in- duced to fill some dates at farmers' insti- tutes. You can write him and see. A SIMPLE PLAN FOR RELIQUEFYING CANDIED HONEY IN THE BOTTLE. In my report of the St. Louis convention, given elsewhere in this issue, I referred to the statement made by Mr. Abbott that honey in bottles that has candied can be very readily reliquefied by exposing them to dry heat. This I regard as a very valuable hint, coming just at this time. For some months back we have been reliquefying our bottled honey without removing the labels or corks. Tihe bottles are put into a tray having a coil of steam-pipes under them, subjecting them to a temperature of not more than 105 or 110 degrees. When the granulation all disappears the bottles are taken out without even wiping, and are then ready again for the shelves. "But," you say, "how about those who do not have steam-pipes?" The back oven to a stove, or even a regular bake oven with a low fire, doors left open, will give the same results; or, better, put the bottles on a wire screen two or three inches above the top of the stove for over night, where they will get a bottom temperature but not very much heat at the corks. If over night does not prove to be long enough, and the stove is needed for other purposes, put the bottles back on again as soon as the stove can be spared. Some of our correspondents have told of putting the jars back of the stove on a ta- ble or shelf, and letting them stand for per- haps a week at a temperature of from 8u to 100 degrees. This is an excellent plan. They will liquefy very slowly; but this very fact will make them resist granulation much longer than if they were heated to 150 or 160, and liquefied in an hour or so. It might be well to explain that, if the temperature goes too high— to, say, 150 or 160 F., the bottle may have to be recorked. EXTRACTING WAX BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE. Some months ago, Mr. T. J. Pennick, of Williston, Tenn., suggested the use of cen- trifugal force applied to hot slumgum taken out of boiling water. In his opinion the free wax, when hot, would be by this means readily separated from the solid matter in a very short time, and he desired us to test the idea to see whether it would work. We ac- cordingly constructed a cylindrical basket, slightly smaller at the bottom, with a shaft at each end to be inserted in a regular hon- ey-extractor, one end of the bottom shaft being inserted in the bottom bearing of an ordinary honey-extractor, and the other end geared to the regular crank of the extractor. Old combs were put into boiling water; and as soon as they had become a sodden mass they were dipped out while steaming hot, put in the basket, and given a rapid whirl for two or three minutes. Nearly all of the free wax was thrown out against the sides of the can. The slumgum was next pawed over and given another whirl. The effect of the centrifugal motion is to throw the wax through the perforations of the cyl- indrical basket, against the sides of the can; and the more rapidly the crank is turned, the more the slumgum will creep up on the inside of the basket, for, it will be remem- bered, the basket is larger at the top. Our experimental machine is like a small honey-extractor except that the revolving part is cylindrical instead of having a reel holding two baskets. The bottom shaft of the tapering cylinder is journaled into the bearing secured just above the false bottom of the can. To the top of the cyhnder is se- cured a cross-arm, in the center of which is 1062 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov 15 inserted the square shaft and pinion, the lat- ter meshing into the gear of the crank-shaft. A sHght circular twist of the cross-arm sup- porting the crank and gearing disengages it from the hook-shaped ears into which the two end bolts are slid, so that the whole thing can be lifted off. The cross-arm in the basket has a square hole into which the ta- per shank of the small pinion-wheel is insert- ed loosely. When the cross-arm is removed this pinion shank slips out of the hole, leav- ing the basket free to take out and dump. When ready to extract, an inch or so of water is poured in the lip in the bottom of the compartment of the extractor. It is then set on the stove, or, preferably, over a single gasoline-burner, close to the floor. When the high rate of speed. As soon as the wax ceases to come out, the cross-arm and reel are removed by loosening the two end bolts and giving the arm a quarter twist. The basket is then dumped, put back in place, the cross-arm secured, when it is ready for a fresh batch of slumgum. The process can be greatly facilitated by melting the slumgum in a large kettle with hot water and then dipped into the centrif- ugal wax - extractor and given a whirl. Steam should be generated in the lower compartment to keep the refuse hot while it is subjected to the centrifugal force. While experiments so far conducted have shown that this machine will give good re- sults in some cases, yet a considerable quan- CENTRIFUGAL WAX-EXTRACTOR. water boils and steam is generated, old combs and slumgum are poured into the basket, and then the cover-lids are put in place. The operation of extracting wax is now much the same as with the German wax-press, for the steam is allowed to pass through the mass until much of the wax runs out by gravity. When the refuse is hot, the handle is turned briskly, throwing out free wax. The remaining solid matter will creep up on the sides of the cylindrical bas- ket, exposing a large surface to the action of the centrifugal force. As soon as the wax has ceased to strike against the sides of the can, the lids are removed, and a stick claws the contents over; then the lids are re- placed, and the reel is revolved again at a tity of wax is very often left in the refuse. This fact is shown by taking some of the steaming-hot slumgum in the hand and squeezing it, which produces fine yellow lines of wax in the creases between the fingers. Although the machine does quicker work than the press, it wastes wax, and this is a most serious fault. It would indeed be penny wise and pound foolish to use a ma- chine that would waste even a small per- centage of so valuable an article as beeswax. We prepared illustrations with the expec- tation of putting the machine on the mar- ket. It is somewhat disappointing that it should seem inadvisable to put it out just yet if we do at all. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1063 THE ANALYSIS OF HONEY. To what Extent may we Depend on it ? the Definition of Honey. BY WILLIAM A. SELSER. It is a blessed thing that the advancement in scientific research has made it possible to detect, not only the adulteration of honey, but the doctoring of it with acids and chem- icals, as well as to discover in many cases, by analysis, if the bees have gathered the nectar from any source other than what the government defines honey to be— "nectar from flowers." Within the last year new States have been added to the list of those passing pure-food laws; and these laws have been made so stringent, not only regarding adulteration, which is adding in quantity to honey some substances other than those gathered by the bees, but they also attach a penalty to doc- toring honey with any substances whatever, in the slightest degree. So it is very irn- portant for the bee-keeper to realize that, if he does any thing to his honey except heat- ing it in the regular way, heavy penalties are attached to the sale of it by the pure- food laws of the different States. Honey may be pronounced pure by the av- erage chemist, and yet if only a few drops of phosphoric or salicylic acid are added, or the least quantity of glycerine or other sub- stances which are well known to help keep extracted honey from candying, it is a vio- lation of the pure-food law. In order to set at rest throughout the United States in various courts of law what honey is, the Bureau of Chemistry in the Department of Agriculture at Washington has defined honey as follows: "Nectar gath- ered by the bees from flowers, and deposited in wax cells." Therefore it follows that what is often called honey, fed from granu- lated sugar taken up by the bees, deposited in cells and capped over, is not honey. It also follows that honey-dew deposited in cells, and capped over, is not honey, nor is juice gathered by the bees from the grape, peach, or any other fruit or any other sub- stance whatever, though taken into the stomach by the bees, and taken into their honey-sac and chemically changed, and de- posited in cells, pure honey. This has been a most marvelous revelation of recent oc- currence. For years I have made a special study of analysis of all kinds of honey in their relation to the pure-food law, and I have demonstrated beyond a question that there is often honey put on the market that the bee-keeper feels he had nothing to do with in adulterating, which would be thrown out by the pure-food inspectors as adulter- ated. A gentleman from Conshohocken, Penna., brought the writer a sample of very pretty good-bodied honey which he said his bees gathered from grapes when they were punc- tured by other insects, or burst open from being overripe. The writer impartially put this honey through severe tests in the labo- ratory, and discovered conclusively by anal- ysis that it was not pure honey. I was greatly surprised to know that, in the read- ing of the polariscope, the results indicated this condition. In 1902 I visited some of the large apia- ries of Mexico, Texas, and Southern Cali- fornia, as well as Colorado and other points. I took from the hives personally what I was confident was the honey gathered from the various sources, and I found in every in- stance where the bees had gathered the va- rious honeys from the blossom of the flower or plant that the analysis showed pure hon- ey. I very carefully filed for reference the various results from the different honeys. I also visited a section in the mountains of Redlands, Cal., to get some honey supposed to be gathered from the sugar maple, but I found that the bees do not gather enough at the time of storing surplus from this to get a sample, as had been reported previously by some that they would do, but that some samples of honey sent from California, that were reputed to be gathered from this sec- tion, were adulterated and mixed by the honey companies putting it up, who tried to shield themselves behind this pretext. The question has come up repeatedly by the laity, that, if bees gather any thing from any source, and it undergoes a chemi- cal change in their honey-sac, and is depos- ited in cells, and capped over by them with- out the aid of man, could we declare it adul- terated? I would answer, most emphatical- ly, " Yes," and the court refers back to the government definition for the answer in de- ciding the case. Therefore I say, chemical- ly speaking, honey-dew is not honey. I ad- vise all bee-keepers who know their bees are working on honey-dew not to put it up in any way so that it may be marked pure, as it would be a violation of the pure-food law if sold in the various States having such laws. Recently there has been honey that was absolutely pure, excepting the addition of a small quantity of phosphoric acid to prevent its granulating, which the pure-food inspect- ors of Ohio have thrown out as adulterated, and as an infringement on the pure-food law. While the addition of the phosphoric acid was in very small quantities, said to be only a few drops to the gallon, yet it was discovered by chemical analysis, and declar- ed to be a violation of the pure-food law. Prof. H. W. Wiley, Chief Chemist of the Bureau of Chemistry, at Washington, has had a number of vigorous young men fed on the various preservatives, salicyhc acid with the rest, to discover how much damage to the linings of the stomach these various preparations do. There is no question in the writer's mind that they are very injuri- ous, and Prof. Wiley so states. Just the extent of their damage, and the result of his experiment, are on file in the Depart- ment, but the writer is not familiar with them. It has certainly been a boon to the bee- keeper, at least those who wish to do an 1064 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 honest business, to know that any manipu- lation whatever of their crop of honey will be discovered, and that the government has been so persevering in giving us laws that are so helpful. Jenkintown, Pa. A VISIT TO SWARTHMORE. A Near View of Mr. E. L. Pratt. BY DR. E. F. PHILLIPS. The readers of Gleanings have for some time been familiar with the writings of Swarthmore, and the new methods described by this writer have caused considerable com- ment among bee-keepers. For this reason take this line to reach Swarthmore. This line takes us through a beautiful country, and on our journey we pass through several small towns in which, like the town which is our destination, are the homes of people having business in the city. At Swarthmore is located the college of the same name which is under the management of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, as they are commonly called. On this account most of the streets of the town are appropriately named for the leading colleges and universities; and the apiary which we are to visit is located near the corner of Yale and Vassar Avenues. Before seeing the yard let us meet the man behind it all. The engraving here print- ed is a very excellent likeness of Mr. Pratt. He is a man of short stature, rather artistic MR. PRATT, HIS WIFE, AND DAUGHTER GRACE. some may desire to have the nom de plume Swarthmore cast aside for a while that they may get a view at close range of Mr. E. L. Pratt, of Swarthmore, Pa. The writer of this article has had the pleasure of knowing Mr. Pratt for over a year, and has repeatedly visited his yard, and the editor of Gleanings requested an article telling something of the man and his work. Swarthmore (the town) is reached by trolley from Philadelphia in about an hour from the center of the city. At the end of the Darby line, in the old village of Darby, the suburban line to Media begins, and we in his make-up, and with a deep sense of ap- preciation of what is worthwhile in this life. He to some extent disregards conventionali- ties, and appreciates more than most men the fact that what is lasting and of greatest value is not the hurried scramble after mon- ey, but careful solid worth which will stay and be of value to mankind. Of course, he is in the queen-rearing business for money, and he does a good business too; but at the same time he continually experiments on new methods, and spends much time study- ing the habits of the bees. I suspect that some bee-keepers will be surprised at my statement that the subject of this sketch is 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1065 a conservative man ; in fact, I am fully aware that he has been criticised for advocating' methods which liave not been fully tried out and which will not work; but from my ac- quaintance with Mr. Pratt I am sure that he never wrote a description of a new method unless he had first used it with success. That others have failed on trying the same thing is another story; but I am convinced that always this result has been due to a careless reading of his articles or a lack of knowledge of the habits of the bees them- selves. Although my list of acquaintances among bee-keepers is rather limited, I believe from what I have learned that but few of them are as careful students of the habits of their bees as is Mr. Pratt. In addition to practically the yard is as large as that of most queen- breeders, and a very large num- ber of queens can be and are produced every year. In addition to this yard there is an outyard with a few large colonies for pro- ducing drones, and a goodly number of mat- ing nuclei. The object of having this out- yard is that small nuclei may be made up in one yard, carried to the other yard and open- ed at once, thus making it unnecessary to confine the bees for three days. To go into a description of the queen-rear- ing methods of Swarthmore would require more room than can be used here, even if we were to give but a superficial account, and this is unnecessary since the readers of this journal have had the opportunity of SWARTHMORE MAKING UP SMALL NUCLEL his work in the apiary, Mr. Pratt is the editor and publisher of The Swarthmore, a weekly newspaper. The apiary is not a large one, the numbers of full-sized colonies being about sixty; but since Mr. Pratt has no helpers, and since his methods of work do not require a large apiary, he has never increased his stock. Next spring he expects to increase to one hundred, but this will be all that one man can possibly care for under the system used here. In addition to these full-sized colonies there is a large number of small mating colo- nies—"baby nuclei," the number in use de- pending on the season of the year, so that reading of this system in articles by Mr. Pratt himself. The main points of this Swarthmore system are the laying of eggs in queen-cells by the breeding queens, to save the long process of grafting; the use of flanged wooden queen-cell cups to make handling easier, getting large numbers of queen-cells accepted by the "swarm-box" method, and the use of small mating-boxes; and, above all, superiority of this system rests on the fact that its use does not necessi- tate the stirring up of the bees in the hives when the cells are being handled. Almost the entire process may be gone through without the use of a smoker, and the bees are not 1066 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 taken away from their work by the puffing of clouds of smoke into the hive. If the reader will try the following experiment, the advantage of little smoke will be evident: Puff a hive full of smoke from any of the in- finite number of patent smokers now on the market; repeat in a few minutes, and wait beside the hive until the first bee leaves to gather honey. This experiment requires considerable time, for the wait will be a long one; but it will be time well spent if the experimenter has been in the habit of using his smoker too freely. The use of small nuclei for mating is the part of the Swarthmore system that has been most debated by bee-keepers, and we will not go into this subject at this time. This is not the chief point in the system, however; and, even if larger colonies are used for mating, the rest of the system may be profitably studied. The use of royal jelly has been shown by Mr. Pratt to be but a suggestive than the Swarthmore system. But few, possibly, will care to use this meth- od entirely unmodified; but before condemn- ing the system, as some have already done, the bee-keeper should be perfectly sure that he has tried it. Mr. Pratt has also devoted much time to the breeding of a particular strain of Italian bees which he calls the "Golden-all-over" bees. The name describes them well, for they come as near to filling the description of the old Roman poet Vergil as any bees that I have seen. These bees are not cross, as are some of the five-banded bees, but are the most gentle bees that have come to the notice of this writer. Their honey-gather- ing is said to be good; but I am writing only of what I know, and on this subject I have had no experience with them. In conclusion I would commend to your good graces my friend Mr. Pratt. He is a good fellow, and is worthy of the careful con- A PART OF THE YARD AND HONEY-HOUSE. waste of time; the use of artificial cells, al- though it did not originate with him, has been advocated by him, and is now widely used; the laying of eggs in wooden cell cups by the breeding queen saves much time for- merly spent in transferring larvse. These and other points are as useful as small nuclei. Mr. Pratt was, I believe, the first to use compressed wax cell cups. Every bee-keeper has certain pet ideas of his own, and certain tools or fixtures about his yard which are not used by other bee- keepers—that is, if he devotes much atten- tion to his bees. Queen-breeders especially are each one the advocate of some particu- lar method. All of this is right, and indi- cates that these men are trying to arrive at the best method of work. In addition to his own methods the queen-breeder should study the otl" "'' systems; and of these none is more sideration which you may give to his writ- ings. Philadelphia, Pa. THE HOFFMAN FRAME PRAISED. Tried Many Others, but Likes Hoffman Best ; its V-edge End-bar Condemned. BY C. DAVENPORT. I read the symposium on Hoffman frames with much interest, and I should like to be allowed to give my opinion on the matter. As you probably know, I am one of the few who make a specialty of bees, or, in other words, I depend on and make a living en- tirely from bees; and I beheve there are but very few who have depended upon bees alone for their entire support as long as I have. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 106? I have tried about all kinds of frames that have been described in print, and many oth- ers; and if I were obliged to choose and use any of the frames offered to the public I would take the Hoffman, as I consider it, even as now made, to be superior to any loose hanging frame or other self-spacing frame with which I am acquainted, and this without any regard to locality; for I do not believe that thex'e is any place on earth whei-e propolis is any worse than it is here. But after all this 1 wish to state that I would not take and use the Hoffman frame, as now made, if they were given to me and I were paid a bonus of five dollars for every hive I used them in. This may seem like a strong assertion, but it should be remem- bered that frames, barring accidents, will last a lifetime; and five dollars a hive would be no temptation for me to use the Hoffman frame as now made the rest of the time I hope and expect to live. Still, the frame I have used large- ly, and am changing to entirely, is but little different from the regular Hoffman. The end-bars are just the same, except that the edges are all square. The V edge is the greatest objection I have to the regular Hoffman; and although, Mr. Editor, I know you do not agree with me in this, I wish to be frank about the mat- ter, and say that I do not believe you or any other intelligent man, after using thousands of these frames, both with and without the V edge, as I have, would, in a locality where propolis is as bad as it is here, tolerate a V edge for hardly any money consideration. In theory the V edge is a nice thing; but in practice and use I have found that the square edge is far better. With two square edges together, if they are press- ed up close there is but little chance for them to be glued so that it is hard to separate them; but with a V and a square edge together the case is far different. The channel or open space on each side, caused by the V, will solid full of glue, which is, of out the top-bar (in a few cases with the V edges this was all I got). Another strong objection to a V edge here is that they are great bee-killers. There is so much propolis plastered in and around these V edges that they soon become much wider or thicker than a square edge. One more of the many other things against the V edge is that there are three different ways these frames can be nailed together, and each will work all right — that is, those that are all nailed one way will work togeth- er, but they can't be used with those that are nailed either of the other ways. As you probably know, there are two ways to nail these frames, and have a V edge on each side of the top-bar; that is, I can start nail- ing them together, a V edge on each side of the top-bar; and as long as I keep on the way I started, my frames will work togeth. ANOTHER VIEW, SHOWING SWARTHMORE AND VISITORS. be filled course, also fastened to the square edge; in fact, I do not see how any thing better than a V and a square edge could be devised to enable bees to glue frames together. But so far as sticking together is concerned I don't care much if any thing about this, for I can sep- arate them all right. The trouble is, they are often stuck together so tight that they will not separate at the joint; but the pro- jection, either on one frame or the other, breaks off. I have broken hundreds of frames in this way. Of course, any one could tinker away and finally separate them at the joints; but I have not time for this in the busy season. When I open a hive and wish to remove a frame I take it right out, or at least I take er all right. But you start the other way, although you have a V edge on each side, and yours will work all right together; but yours and mine can't be mixed or used to- gether. Last spring I went to look at some colonies a party wished to sell, and I found these frames had been nailed up in a still different way. Both V edges were on one side of the top-bar, and both square edges on the other. These frames could not be used with frames nailed either of the other ways, nor even re- versed among themselves. I know that you explain in your catalog the right way to start nailing them; but I do not beheve one person in a thousand would see or under- stand that there are two ways to start, and still have a V edge on each side of the top- bar. I have found that about as many start- 1068 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 ed one way as another. This matter has been a nuisance to me, both in buying and selling bees. Now in regard to the top-bar, I do not want a bar g inch thick. A bar 1| wide and I thick suits me far better, and I have no more burr and brace combs with such a bar than with one i thick; and I do not want any comb-guide nor saw-kerf and wedge, for either starters or full sheets can be fastened to a plain bar with melted wax much quick- er and more securely than with a saw-kerf and wedge; and a molded top-bar, or one with a comb-guide, is a nuisance to clean. After further experience I have decided that I want a top-bar full length. Staples and a short bar work all right in hives that are straight and true; but if a hive is warp- ed or gaped at the corners it is a different matter. I also want the top-bar to run out full width clear to the end. As now made they give a better chance for one to insert the fingers at the ends; but these small ends with me often break off, and then the bar is ruined. Another advantage of small ends is that the bees do not have such a chance to stick them to the end of the hive as they do with a bar that is full width at the end; but this advantage can be had without weakening the bar at the end, by simply cutting off each corner, so that just a point of the end-bar touches the end of the hive. I pointed the ends of about 500 frames in this way last winter, and after one season's use I can see no fault with the plan. It gives the bees no chance to fasten the end of the top-bar to the end of the hive, and the frame is not weakened in the least, for it is left full width where it rests on the rabbet. Southern Minnesota. HOFFMAN FRAME ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO INCOMPETENT HELP. Hoffman Frame Come to Stay. BY H. H. HYDE. Mr. Root: — I have read your symposium on Hoffman frames; and as I have been an advocate of a special form of that frame I feel that I must have a word to say. In reply to Mr. Green, page 930, I wish to say that division-boards are worse than use- less in ten-frame hives, and I do not approve of their use in eight-frame hives. Where bees are run for extracted honey we use only 7 frames in an eight-frame hive, and 8 or 9 in a ten-fame hive. If we desire to use the frames for brood-combs we carefully scrape the edges of the projecting end-bars, and then they are ready for the brood-cham- bers. In fact, once a year we go through our bees and scrape off all surplus propolis from the hives and frames. We do this in the spring of the year, and we thus have clean hives and frames to manipulate during the busy season. To scrape the bees thor- oughly is not nearly the job you might im- agine it to be. One man can easily clean from 25 to 50 colonies per day, and he ought to get nearly enough wax to pay for the work ; but if he does not, we get the money back in time saved later on in manipulations. On page 931 Mr. de Beche remarks on the excellence of the Hoffman frame, especially where hired help is to be considered. Where much of the work is dependent on hired help I can not see how any one can get along without Hoffman frames. I know that we can not here in Texas. Again, when it comes to moving or shipping bees, or practicing migratory bee-keeping, the Hoffman is the only hanging frame that we can at all consider. Referring further to his mention of propolis, I will say that, if properly made hives are used, and Hoffman frames too, and both hives and frames are well cleaned each year, the manipulations of the Hoffman frames will be a pleasure in- deed. Please note F. Rauchfuss' opinion of the Hoffman frame on page 933, and he agrees with me exactly. Give me long top-bar frames and square edges on the end-bars, no matter how bad propolis is; for by proper spring sci'aping you can keep your frames easy to manipulate at all times. Allow me to reiterate my formerly ex- pressed preference for frames having a top- bar only I in. thick. These are thick enough to prevent any sagging, and we do not have any more brace-combs with top-bars J inch thick and 1 inch wide than we do with the heavier article. We save just this much wood and get the brood that much nearer to the supers. When it comes to bottom- bars, give me one at least f inch wide and g thick; then we have a bar that will stantl the racket. This, with long tops for the top-bars, and square edges on the end-bars, constitutes the ideal Hoffman brood-frame. To discontinue the use of the Hoffman frame would be a step backward in the wrong- direction. That frame is here to stay, and I for one am glad of it. We have used it for comb and extracted honey largely, hav- ing operated as high as 1200 colonies of bees, and we have not found it wanting. Keep them going, and you will make no mistake. NO DANGER OF POISONING BEES FROM PAR- IS GREEN SPRAYED ON COTTON. I have noticed during the present season one or two requests for information, and your replies, in regard to the use of Paris green or other poisons on cotton, and note that the editor is of the opinion that bees may be poisoned by working on cotton poi- soned to kill insects. I wish to inform you that such is not the case, and I do not be- lieve that there is an authentic case on rec- ord where bees were poisoned by working on poisoned cotton. Several years ago while in Williamson Co., the leading cotton county in the State, each fall the cotton was poi- soned for the army-worm, and our bees worked heavily on the cotton, and so did all the bees in the entire country roundabout; and so far as I know there were never any r.i()i GLEANINGS IN BEE CUL'lURE. lOfi'J bees poisoned, nor any poisoned honey car- ried into the hives. I think bee-keepers may rest easy on this matter, and may safe- ly stand by and let the cotton-men poison all they want to. San Antonio. Texas. [The discussion on Hoffman frames has not been without its value. The suggestions made in our symposium on page 980, Oct. 1, and by our two correspondents as above, are in line with those made at different times by various users of the Hoffman frame. It is, perhaps, not too much to say that we are se- riously considering the advisability of mak- ing end-bars with square edges, and, not only that, but a little thicker. During the season of 1905 we shall be prepared to fur- nish either square or V edge as an option. Whether it would be advisable to make the top-bar thinner is a question. A frame with a 5-thick bar is very much stiff er than one with only a J-inch bar. As manufacturers we desire to have the truth; and especially do we wish to know what the users of these frames want. We shall be glad to hear from others of our cor- respondents, either privately or for publica- tion, for the votes that we get will deter- mine to a great extent what our future policy with reference to these frames will be. It is, perhaps, unnecessary to state that both of these articles came unsolicited. — Ed.] sf?r^^^ A PLEA FOR ENAMELED CLOTHS AND QUILTS. Mr. Root: — Is there not also a bright side to the enamel-cloth question? I can see that you have a decided opinion on the use of enamel cloths and quilts above the brood- nest ; moreover, this opinion is, doubtless, based upon practical experience. I there- fore ask you, not to raise an argument, but to gain information, whether you have not found points in favor of the cloths that might counterbalance the blemish you have set forth from time to time? Barring the cost of the cloth and the la- bor involved in hoisting that proverbial " 20-lb. stone," or adjusting such other fas- tening as will serve to hold the cover in its place, is not the bee-keeper to be envied who can "peel" his enamel cloth back at his own pace, with his faithful smoker driv- ing down any turbulent spirits as each suc- cessive space is exposed? When he begins operations on a hive, he requires no tool whatever. That ' ' hermetically sealed ' ' cover must be pried ever so carefully if one would avoid that fatal snap as it leaves the hive. Next thing, instead of single hives of combatants (I mean no injury to the little bee by applying this term), there is a whole sea of bees to be driven down between the frames. If you have proceeded so far with- out receiving a sting, then good. But the bees that remain adhering to the cover are still a nuisance. They have no access to the honey "vats;" the queen you are look- ing for is possibly among them instead of being on the combs you are examining. They become restless, and, having been de- prived of that "good dinner," they may leave the cover and drive you to cover. Well, suppose they don't, and you have been successful in your operations. Those bees on the cover, if they're any good, will not have been idle in this interim either. I warrant that they have shifted their posi- tion; they have either crawled into a posi- tion that will be unpleasant for your hands, or one that is not conducive to their longev- ity, should the cover be carelessly replaced. Why would it not be better to keep the bees from trespassing on the cover at all? also in this bee-space system, when new fixtures are used and ruptures have been made in the exalted hermetic seal, there still re- mains the danger that the cover may be lifted off by a demonstrative gust of wind. Also, what is the objection to a hive built with a bee-space below the frames and none above, if you pass over the difficulties you may have experienced with the quilt? I think I could point out at least one advan- tage ; namely, the immunity from burr- combs when breeding in two stories. I hardly think the catacomb-like condition of which Mr. Bowey writes on p. 848 could obtain where there is no bee-space above the frames. R. Wueste. San Diego, Cal., Sept. 8. [There is no denying the fact that the en- amel cloth has some good features, chief among which is that of peeling off without arousing the anger of the bees. Its unde- sirable quahties I have already given, and will not repeat them here. To put the bee- space at the bottom instead of at the top would be a serious mistake. If it is desired I will at some future time give the reasons why. It would require an extended article to explain. —Ed.] HOW MANY ACRES OF HONEY-PLANTS WILL BE REQUIRED TO SUPPORT 100 COLONIES? How many acres of good honey-plants are required to keep 100 colonies of bees busy during its blooming period? Can some alfal- fa man tell about how much honey an acre of alfalfa would produce? also how many acres of the same clover are required for 10 J colonies of bees? F. W. Morgan. De Land, 111., Oct. 24. [No definite answer can be made to your question, as every thing depends upon the locality and the honey-plant. As a rule we may say that basswoods will yield a larger amount of honey per acre than any other plant unless it be the logwood of Jamaica, in a general way we may say that honey- 1070 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15. yielding trees will yield more honey per acre than any shrubbery or plant. In some localities 1000 acres might take care of 100 colonies; but as a rule we may figure that it will require much more than this. As a general thing bees do not fly much further than a mile and a half from the home yard. This would make a circle of three miles across, or 4521 acres. If we al- low liberally for wooded lands, cultivated lands, and dwelling-houses, probably we should have to cut down this amount by at least a half, probably a little more, so that, in the height of the honey season, taking clover and basswood as they may come in, 100 colonies would not have access to much more than 2000 acres. This would make an aggregate of 20 acres per colony. If we turn to the alfalfa regions we shall probably find a much smaller acreage re- quired to take care of 100 colonies. Just what this acreage may be I could not say, and therefore leave it to some of our alfalfa- honey producers to give us any available data they may have. This is an interesting problem, and it has some practical bearing, because this question of overstocking has come to be a very seri- ous one. In the alfalfa localities it can be definitely known how many thousand acres there are of this plant for a range of 1 J miles. One can, therefore, determine pretty closely how many colonies can work profitably on a given number of acres of alfalfa. —Ed.] OVERSTOCKING. In regard to the subject of overstocking, it is surprising how many there are who seem to think that, because a locality will support ten or fifteen colonies and give good returns, it is a "fine bee-range." It seems to me that one of the principal reasons that, the more colonies you have in a location, the less honey you get per colony, is not because there is not honey enough within range, but because many bees visit the same blossoms only to find that some bee just preceding it has sucked all the honey, and still there is just enough scent of honey to attract them, and thus thousands of bees visit flowers one after another, only to be disappointed; whereas if there were few bees in the same field each bee would have to stop on only a few flowers when it would have a load, without having exhausted either strength or time, and both time and strength count heavily during a flow of honey. It is like going into a chestnut-grove. The first trees you reach you begin to pick up burrs, and possibly find one out of a dozen that has not already been robbed of its contents. I believe that bee-keepers are beginning to realize the importance of smaller apiaries and more of them. D. R. Keyes. Quitman, Ga., Oct. 17. agricultural industry it will be when a man can feel just as sure of the pasturage for his bees as he does of the pasturage for his cattle, and that time will never come till he has some legal rights in the case." If the above may be understood to mean that an individual bee-keeper should have legal protection as an exclusive occupant of a given territory, that time will never come. I think no sane person would contend for a moment that an owner would not have a right to cut his basswood timber, even though it might destroy the bee-pasturage; nor that he would not have the right, ethically and legally, to cut his luxuriant alfalfa before it blossomed, nor that he would not be justified in plowing under his white-clover pasture, and planting the field to corn if he desired to do so, though his bee-keeping neighbor might be compelled in consequence to feed his bees. Who shall say that he shall not have the right to use his own, which he may utterly destroy? No legal rights will nor can be given in cases such as referred to, because no law can be found to meet the case with- out interfering with the personal rights of individuals in the control of their own proper- ty. No court in Christendom, not even a cross-roads justice, would sustain such a statute unless he had " a bee in his bonnet. ' ' Wm. M. Whitney. Lake Geneva, Wis., Oct. 21. bee pasturage protected by law. Mr. Root:— On page 967, "One thing is certain: If bee-keeping ever becomes as stable and reliable a pursuit as other lines of getting rid of fertile workers after brood-rearing is over. While I am aware that it has been said that no successful bee-keeper would allow his bees to be so long queenless as to get fertile workers, the fact remains that many do. Even our good friend Dr. Miller gives us a valuable point on page 968. To keep them out entirely requires a lot of looking-after, which many times is un- profitable, and at times impossible. While it is best to examine before the honey-flow is over, and brood-rearing as well, it often happens after this is done that fertile work- ers will get to business. Particularly is this true of colonies which supersede after the main crop is over. To get rid of fertile workers the rule is to "give several frames of young bees, " which is practically impossible late in the season. Transferring larvae into their queen-cells is also out of the question. Uniting is usually practiced; but even then if both colonies united are strong enough to winter alone, one is virtually lost. I give you a method which enabled me to preserve the colony and get rid of the nuisance. Go to a colony which can spare three or four frames of bees— the more the better, for fertile-worker colonies are usually weak. Be sure you leave the queen behind. Place in an empty body, and put back frames of honey in place of those removed. You take the body and bees to the fertile-worker hive. Place a wire screen over the fertile workers, and the frames and body over the screen, 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1071 the same as is done in uniting. As soon as the bees in the upper story find they are confined and queenless, give them a queen, which they are in just the condition to accept. After three days remove the screen and the job is finished. If you are in doubt as to the result, just watch the Httle fellows cari-y in pollen where they before were idle— this be- mg, of course, on the supposition that the queen has been accepted in the story above. G. A. BosTWicK. Verbank Village, N. Y. WINTERING INDOORS IN A MILD CLIMATE. I have just bought 75 colonies 45 miles from home. There is a good sawdust-packed house, walls and all, 8 inches of sawdust. They have been kept in the same for years. I can not be on hand to open doors nor watch a thermometer. Shall I risk the house for winter? I should like some one to answer who has such a house. Hopkins, Mo., Oct. 8. J. C. Stewart. [I am not familiar enough with the locality under consideration to advise you what would be your best course; but my impres- sion is that, in a climate like yours, where the bees can not be looked after indoors, it would be far better to winter in double- walled hives outdoors; indeed, they might winter all right in single-walled hives. In many portions of Missouri this is just the way the bees are wintered, and with fairly good results. In a mild or moderate climate, indoor wintering does not usually give as good results as leaving the bees outdoors, particularly where they can not be looked after. — Ed.] WHY GLUCOSED HONEY SELLS; AN EXPERI- ENCE IN SELLING TO THE STORES AND TO THE CONSUMERS DIRECT. On page 833 you speak of people buying mixed honey from seeing the word "Honey " prominently displayed on the label. I think that the cheaper price has more to do with it than any thing else. I have personally sold honey to over 210 different people this season; and in several places where I called I was told that they could buy a whole quart of "lovely" syrup for ten cents— just as good as my honey for which I asked 10 cents per pound or 35 cents per quart, can included. Well, I told them, "Just eat your 'lovely' syrup if you like it; but investigate a little, and may be you will like it better. ' ' In regard to the pure-food law, before it was passed nearly every gro- cery in the few towns where I am acquaint- ed kept extracted honey in jelly-tumblers on the shelves, bought through the wholesale grocery dealers. I have taken some pains to see if they still continued to sell it. I have found it in only one store this year, and that had been on the shelves for a long time. Evidently our pure-food law is of some use, although the sale of "corn syrup " is very large; but so long as it is sold for what it is, I suppose it is all right. Another thing which puzzles me is, that I can go to the villages where I usually sell honey, and sell a lot; but the storekeepers can not sell any when I leave it with them. One case in point: I sold in my home village eight dozen quarts early in the season. Six weeks ago I left nine quarts with one of the merchants, and he has sold two, although several who have asked me for honey I have referred to him for it. Is this common or exceptional? J. A. Crank. Marion, O., Sept. 20. [Very likely the price is the determining factor in the sale of these cheap glucose syrups in preference to honey. I have sometimes thought that, if honey could be put up in such shape that it could be sam- pled by intending purchasers, by taking a spoonful of it, and at the same time let them taste a sample of this cheap stuff, the honey would outsell the other solely on its merits. — Ed.] a NOVEL EXPERIENCE IN INTRODUCING A QUEEN. Some weeks ago I ordered a queen of a reliable breeder, and when she reached me I set about to introduce her by the common method as usually laid down in directions on the cage; but the colony would not accept her, so I concluded I would try a plan just a little different. I went to another hive and placed their hybrid queen in a cage to give it her scent, leaving the caged queen in her hive six or eight hours ; then taking both queens and cages to my store door, right on the floor I killed the hybrid and threw her out and opened the end of the cage containing the bought queen to let her run out so I could grab her and put her in the cage from which the other queen was taken. She was too quick for me. She darted out like a rocket, and was gone for good, as I thought. I could hear and see her occasionally for hours. Several times I gave her up as lost; but she would return and hover around the door, watching her cage, which still contained her escort. Sometimes she would be gone for half an hour at a time, and then I would hear her coming back, and I would take my hat and try to whip her inside so as to close the door and secure her, and I did finally succeed in whipping her inside and catching her at the window, and introduced her to the colony; but she died in about two weeks. I feel certain that she would have finally gone into the cage which was all the time on the floor, her escort calling. Wofford, S. C. S. Cheatham. [There is not much doubt that the queen would have returned to the cage from which she made her escape.— Ed.] A PULLET CAUGHT IN THE ACT OF EATING BEES. I was down looking at my bees, and saw a large pullet walking around. A little closer watching showed she was looking for 1072 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 bees. She caught quite a number, and then came up to the hive and took five from the entrance, and hunted for more. This is new to me, but may not be to you. Ephraim, Utah. Andrew Armstrong. [Yes, there have been many reports to show that chickens, after they have once ac- quired the habit, will eat bees, both live and dead. But there are only a few, compara- tively, that learn the trick. As a rule we may say that chickens do not give any trou- ble in a bee-yard. —Ed.] BUMBLE-BEES ROBBING HONEY-BEES. Did you ever hear of the common bumble- bee robbing from bees? My wife one day called my attention to a dead bumble-bee among some drones in front of one of our hives; and while we were discussing the oc- currence another one entered the hive, and was immediately dragged out, but at last suc- ceeded in going in, and we supposed they were robbing. C. L. Snider. Avoca, Minn., Sept. 26. [Yes, there have been a number of reports of how bumble- bees have had the temerity to push their way into the entrance of a hive of ordinary bees. The result has been either a dead bumble-bee or one so badly scared from the tussle that it concluded discretion was the better part of valor. — Ed.] ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS FROM FOUR HIVES. I am a paper-hanger by trade, and have 12 acres just outside the city limits. I can not give the bees the attention they should have to get the best results. I had only 4 hives this spring, but have increased by natural swarms to 14, and have made about $100 off the bees clear, besides all we use ourselves (about 200 lbs.). I like the Danz. hive be- cause it is easy for an amateur to handle. I winter outdoors, and cover all sides but the south with tar paper, and pack hives in leaves. They seem to do as well as if not better than in the cellar. R. Griffith. Kenosha, Wis., Sept. 30. [Reports of this kind almost go to show that bees pretty nearly work for nothing and board themselves. It is indeed a fact that a few colonies will often give their owner but very little trouble comparatively, and yet will yield a tremendous dividend on the investment. —Ed.] BEES POISONED BY VISITING COTTON SPRAYED TO KILL MEXICAN WEEVIL. I see what Sam Alvord writes with regard to poisoning bees from poisoned cotton. I have two out-apiaries, one of 115 colonies. My neighbors poisoned the cotton to kill the Mexican weevil, and I lost half of my bees. The major portion of the bees would stop on the leaves, grass, and trees, and die. Only a few would get to the hives. Many of the bees would die in the open, even before getting to the hives. Cotton is gen- erally poisoned in the morning while dew is on it. H. BoOTON. Richmond, Texas. [Your report does not seem to agree with that of Mr. H. H. Hyde, in this issue; and therefore we may conclude that spraying cotton, in some localities at least, does not do any damage. In yours it certainly was the cause of the loss of the bees. —Ed.] RHEUMATISM NOT CURED BY BEE-STINGS. As there in so much said in the bee-jour- nals about rheumatism and bee-stings, I will give you my view of it. In the first place, what is rheumatism, and what causes it? I am strongly against any person making a gain out of any advertisement that recom- mends bee-stings to cure rheumatism. This disease is caused by a disordered liver and impure blood, therefore it must be worked out of the system. I think I have been stung as much as any person, but the only way I can keep the rheumatism down is by keeping the liver in working order. Gobies, Ont. Thomas Archer. [We have had some reports, some show- ing that bee-stings brought about no relief, and others showing apparently that they did effect wonderful cures. A good deal depends on the nature of the disease and the subject; we have two reports in hand now that go to show what the bee-poison has done, and here they are. Besides that, we have a number of others in manuscript that will be given from time to time. —Ed.] SCIATIC RHEUMATISM; A REMARKABLE CURE AS A RESULT OF BEE-STINGS. I have been trying the bee-sting remedy for the rheumatism. I was taken two years ago this month with a severe attack of sci- atica, and have not been able to lie on my right side since until within the last two weeks. I commenced about two months ago, and have taken only five or six applica- tions of from six to ten stings at a time, but it has always relieved me of pain within half an hour, and no bad results. My last application was the 9th. I have thrown away my cane, and feel more myself than I have for a long time. I have tried to have sever- al try it, but they think the remedy worse than 1 he disease, but I don't. I expect to ap- ply one or two more doses of stings of not less than ten or twelve at a time. It is not very bad when you get used to it. Ludlow, Mass., Oct. 17. E. N. Fisher. In reply to your request I will say that, from 1893 till the spring of 1900, I suffered a good deal with rheumatism. Since then I have been handling a good many very cross bees, and getting stung many times a year. During these four years I have suffered but very little from rheumatism; and as I have not done any thing else for it I believe that it is bee-stings that have cured me. Havana, Cuba. J. S. Patton. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1073 OUR hoMes^ BY A.I. ROOT. Whosoever drinketh of the water that 1 shall give him shall never thirst: but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into ever- lasting life.— John 4 : 14. The above text is one I have used before; but an editorial in the Sunday School Times has given me a new thought on the subject. Here it is. See what you think about it: One has often heard of that spring, as sweet as any that ever gushed from sunny hillside, which a traveler once found by the sea when the tide had ebbed away. Then the sea rolled in, and poured its bitter floods over the little spring, hiding it out of sight for hours, wrap- ping it in a shroud of brackish waters. But when the tide ebbed away again, the spring was still pouring up its sweet stream, with no taste of the sea's bitterness in it. Such a spring should the love in our hearts be. Though floods of unkindness and of wrong pour over us, however cruelly we may be treated by the world, whatever injustice we may have to endure from others, the well of love in our bosom should never retain a trace of the bitterness, but should be always sweet. It comes to me the more vividly because I have seen springs just like that. Down in Florida, where artesian wells are so common, there are quite a few of them that are cov- ered part of the time by the tides. You may remember I mentioned one away out in the ocean. The pure water, being lighter than the salt water, it rises above it and spreads out around it for quite a distance; and in that locality one can dip pure nice drinking water right from the surface of the ocean, without getting any salt or brackish taste at all. I have been for yeai's praying and striving for such an attitude of heart that, no matter what happens, I may be calm and unruffled in spirit. I have prayed and striven, not only to love my enemies, and to do good to those who hate me, but I have tried hard to do it right away. Right while the unkind words were on somebody's lips I have tried to show the world how a soft answer turneth away wrath. But a good many times it has been very poorly done, I must confess. Most of the time this well of living water in the shape of love towai'd my fellow-man has been pouring forth to at least some extent. When something unkind or undeserved or uncalled-for comes very suddenly, the little spring is not only covered up, but, I greatly fear, it stops running entirely. When I thought one of the boys in my Sunday-school class said he hoped they would drop me out of the flying-machine (the boy did not say it, mind you— I only thought he did) I fear that little spring stopped running altogether. Dear brother or sister, if you have in your feeble way tried to be a Christian worker you have doubtless at times met with a re- buff or criticism that made you feel for a while as if you would have to give up trying to do anybody any good. Sometimes it is a little thing said sneeringly; or Satan may have persuaded you it was said sneeringly, which amounts to the same thing. I have known a good brother or sister to stay away from prayer-meeting, stop going to Sunday- school, and perhaps declare they would never undertake to teach another class; but what would become of the world if we allowed Satan to put us out in this way? We can not always go unruffled. Sometimes the little spring of "peace and good will" will be checked for a time in spite of us; but as we grow older we ought to learn by experience that it only encourages Satan to push ahead when we give up; and if we do this, and keep right on, profiting a little by past experience each time in the way of unkind clips, we shall soon get so we shall not mind such things so much. When I started these Home papers, over 25 years ago, a good many times I felt greatly hurt by unkind and severe criticisms. But I do not believe I thought seriously of giving them up while God gave me life; but I have many times decided to be more careful, to listen more closely and prayerfully to the guiding influences of the Holy Spirit, and eventually these criticisms have resulted in good. On page 342 of the Bee-keepers' Review for October, Bro. Hutch- inson mentions a little incident: At St. Louis I sat down near two bee-keepers who were having an earnest discussion. The first sentence that caught my ear was as follows: "I tell you, we don't care what his views are on the temperance question, and he has no right using space in his paper to air his views on the subject. We buy his paper for what it can tell us about bees, and not to learn its editor's views on temperance." The other man replied: "I don't agree with you When a man owns and publishes a paper, he has aright to put into it what he pleases; and if wedon't like it, we needn't take his paper." Of course, I did not feel much hurt at this frank criticism, for the other man gave him a very good answer; and I am glad Bro. H. gave it a place in the Revieiv, for it has set me to thinking, and I presume it has set a good many others to thinking. I am glad the temperance question was mentioned first, because it gives us an excellent illustration! The man or woman who is not always ready with an outspoken opinion on the evil that is the greatest factor in filling our penitentia- ries and poorhouses, it seems to me would hardly be up to the times. The editors of our daily papers are nearly all up and on the alert, and outspoken in defending temper- ance. I wish I could say as much of some of our magazines. Perhaps not all papers of large circulation are defending temperance; but the periodicals that are doing the most good in this land of ours are certainly ex- pressing themselves more or less freely. I believe the periodicals that are doing the most good are the ones where the editor comes out fairly and squarely with his con- victions. Occasionally we take up a paper where we can not make out whether the editor has any opinion at all. We often read scientific news where we feel a longing to ask the editor what he thinks about it. I once saw a brief item in a newspaper in regard to a new flying-machine. It seemed to me incredible that any thing like the statement was going on so near the point where I was then located. I cut it out and asked the editor what he could tell me about 1074 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 it. He replied, " Of course, it is true. Mr. A. is quite a wealthy man, an excellent citi- zen, and has been following this thing for the greater part of his life." With this en- couragement I made a trip to see the inven- tor. In this case, of course, there were very good reasons why the editor should not say in print what he wrote me in private. Now, there are other periodicals where you can not for the life of you find out any thing about the proprietor. You can find stereo- typed notices that are scattered all over the paper, saying, "We are of the opinion that Mr. A. 's cough cure is one of the best in the world," etc. But who cares for an editor's opinion when said opinion is sold to anybody for 25 cents a line, etc. ? Now, it is those who come out openly before the world and express their views on temperance and reli- gion that get the unkind clips. You can avoid them by listening to Satan when he tells you you had better keep still. Years ago I started a mission Sunday- school in an adjoining town where saloons were rampant. Everybody was pleased, and the school was a success. But one Sunday afternoon, after the school was closed, I did some mission woi'k that resulted in getting a lot of saloon-keepers into a lot of trouble. One of them, who had been on quite friend- ly terms with me, came to me afterward and said, "Mr. Root, when you came down here and opened up a Sunday-school and taught our children, and while you were friendly toward everybody, and did not inter- fere with things outside of the Sunday-school work, we were very glad to have you around; but I want to tell you that, if you get out of your place, and stir up another such muss as you did just recently, you had better stay at home and attend to your own business, or you will get into a worse trouble, and that right quick— mark my words for it." Had I been alone in the matter, perhaps I might have felt hurt, and concluded I had made a mistake. And, by the way, I ivas pretty much alone so far as human counsel or help was concerned, especially in that lo- cality; but the voice of the dear Savior up- held me, and I remembered the words, " Blessed are ye when men shall revile you and persecute you, and speak all manner of evil against you falsely for my sake. Rejoice and be exceeding glad, for great is your reward in heaven;" and I did feel glad, and that spring of water kept pouring forth, notwithstanding those harsh and unkind words from one whom I had previously re- garded as a special friend. After all, there is not so much danger of this life-giving water being quenched by out- side influences as those which come from within. Jesus says, " Out of the heart pro- ceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, for- nications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies; these are the things which defile a man." All of my life I have been obliged to fight uncharitable thoughts and feelings; for these, if persisted in, will more surely quench this life-giving spring than anything our enemies or the whole world can do from outside of us. I am ashamed to say that, only last Sunday, when 1 should have been listening to the beau- tiful hyms of praise, my mind wandered from one to the other of the good friends who sat near me; and before I knew it I was dwell- ing on their infirmities and inconsistencies.* Finally I roused up and said, "Get thee be- hind me, Satan;" but in a little time, back I was at my old trick. Then I considered, and said to myself something as follows: " Look here, old fellow; if the readers of Gleanings could read your heart now, as they read your Home papers from the printed page, what would you have to say for yourself? Here in the house of God on this Sunday morning you have been guilty of condemning first one and then another until you had quite a string of them, and looked down upon them as if you were a great deal better." The picture came up so vividly and strong that my mental prayer welled up, "Lord, help!" and then I felt afterward like adding, and truthfully, "May God have mercy on your poor sinful soul." Before long, by earnest prayer I gained the victory; and when I felt love and charity for all in the church that morning, then that little spring poured forth its living waters, "springing up into everlasting life." NOTES^IITRAVti ■^ "THE CABIN IN THE WOODS" IN NOVEMBER. When we reached our place, about Nov. 1, we were greatly pleased to find, as we had found so many years before, vegetation around the cabin almost uninjured by frost. Although every thing had been killed through Ohio and Southern Michigan almost a month before, we found tomatoes, string beans, and green corn in our garden; but we had a killing frost a week after. They have had a big crop of potatoes in the Traverse region. There has been no blight, no rot; and with the holding-ofl[ of frost, as I have mention- ed, every thing was favorable. We found our nearest neighbor, Mrs. Heimforth, with her boys, digging potatoes on the top of the highest hill on the farm. When I first got on to our place I said to my neighbor Hilbert that the tops of the very highest hills would probably be of little or * I suppose this uncharitable mood was started by re- membering something I had just heard about a brother in the church whom my eyes happened to rest on. The statemtnt came direct, and the circumstances were such that I supposed the story of his shortcomings was 1 irgely true. On Monday morning, however, when I happened to ask the one who had been wronged some- thing about it, I was astonished to find the man was en- tirely innocent. There was nothing in it at all. This illustrates how exceedingly careful we should be about repeating stories of how a church-member (or any- body else for that matter) has done something a good man ought not to do. It seems as if one is really in- jured by going over sensational stories about Chris- tians, or say ministers, who are really untrue to their .sacred profession or calling. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1075 no account. He, however, said it would be just the place for peach-trees. Well, here on one of the very highest hills, right close to my northeast corner, there was a crop of potatoes that would go in spots fully 200 bushels per acre. They were all nice, large, and clean. The principal crop was Beauty of Hebron; but as they were somewhat mixed we could see all over the field magnif- icent specimens of Empire State. We pick- ed up some fine specimens, sampled them for dinner, and we found the quality superb. This pearly-white potato comes out of the sandy soil on the hilltops as clean and hand- some as it could be washed with water. My neighbor Hilbert has another magnificent crop of Carman No. 3, of about 140ii bush- els. The yield is almost equal to that of last year. You may remember I told you last year they ran almost too large for ta- ble use, and much too large for seed. I recommended at the time that he make them smaller by very close planting. I once succeeded nicely in getting some small Car- mans by using 20 bushels of seed to the acre. Well, friend Hilbert did plant close, but there was one lot of seed pieces cut up and placed in a barrel on Saturday that did not get planted till the following Monday. This seed got hot, and. as a consequence, many of the pieces rotted, leaving in one particular spot only about half a stand. Each hill had such an amount of room be- tween itself and its neighbor that not only the tops, but the potatoes as well, grew to an enormous size. A load of these very large Car mans was objected to in Traverse City because of their size. About Nov. 1st they were offering only kiS to 25 cts. a bush- el in Traverse City. Within a week, how- ever, the price went up to between 25 and 30 cts. I told my neighbors I thought even that was a rather small price. But Orville, Mrs. Heimforth's son, a bright young farm- er of about 18, thought he could do very well in raising potatoes on the hilltops if he were sure of getting even 25 cts. a bushel. Now, peaches and potatoes are not the only thing these hilltops are good for. An- other neighbor showed me a Baldwin apple- tree close to his house, from which he pick- ed last year 1^7 bushels of apples. I told him I would give that tree a write-up. But he said, " Now, Mr. Root, if you do, I want you to tell the whole story. This spring I found the tree dead, root and branch." Will some apple-man tell me whether it was the great crop or the hard winter, or both, that killed the tree? If the former, could he probably have saved the tree by a severe thinning-out of the fruit? Mrs. Root and I enjoyed our walks in the woods wonderfully. She walked with me about five miles visiting neighbors the first day. This pretty nearly used her up; but by resting up one day she was ready for more tramping. It is strange how soon one gets his muscles hardened up so as to climb hills with impunity. Our last day around the cabin was spent in cutting a foot-path through a part of our woods where we had never been before. It is through a long crooked ravine that they would call a "can- yon" in California. This ravine was tan- gled up with great trees that had fallen for years past. Some of them were four or five feet in diameter. By the use of a sharp ax, hatchet, brush-hook, and a hoe, we made a crooked path up to the northwest corner. We call it the " Northwest Passage." When we came out on the summit of one of the highest hills we found ourselves in a neigh- bor's apple-orchard. But didn't we enjoy those apples after our work ! Then we went over the big hill and admired his outdoor cellar for storing potatoes and apples. It is cut into the side of a sandy hill, pretty near- ly on a level with the floor of the house, so the good wife does not have to climb up and down stairs. Here is another hint toward saving labor— that is, where you have a sandy hill close to your dwelling. While the corn crop has been remarkably poor throughout Ohio and Southern Michi- gan, it is unusually good in the Traverse re- gion. But this does not mean that the ci'op is equal to the corn crops usually grown throughout the great West; for Northern Michigan is not a corn-growing region. Mrs. Root and I both had the experience over again we have had for years past, in finding rest, recreation, buoyant health and spirits, in our northern home. Traverse City is putting up more buildings than any other place I know of, and some of its recent structures are about as fine edifices as you will find in some of our largest cities. It is still a clean city, without any coal smoke. By the way they are crowding the saloons it looks as if they might be clean in other ways than getting rid of the coal smoke. If I remember correctly, the saloons are all not only compelled to shut ud on Sunday, but at 11 o'clock at night. When the beer- men began to grumble at this the temper- ance people informed them that, if any change were to be made in the hours of closing, it would be to 10 o'clock instead of 11. APPLES— SOMETHING MORE ABOUT THEM. A few days ago the foreman of our ma- chine-shop said one of the boys gave him an apple that came from one of the trees in our orchard, and he said it was the best ap- ple he ever tasted in his life. He wanted to know if I had any for sale; and if I did, he said he wanted them, no matter what the price — that is, within the bounds of reason. Now, what apple do you suppose it was? The Gravenstein. It is a beautiful apple in shape, exceedingly handsome in color, and since my attention has been called to it I do not know but I too can call the Gravenstein equal to any apple I ever tasted. It is a fair-sized 1076 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 apple, not extra large, almost round, striped with brilliant red, perhaps a trace of yellow. It has one particular feature that makes it look remarkably tempting. Wherever a leaf rests on an apple, usually around near the stem, under the leaf it is a delicate white, shading into a rosy red where the light gets in, giving dashes of pearly white, occasion- ally, as if a painter had dabbed his brush just a little here and there. The apple can hardly be called sweet or sour, but it is a beautiful combination of both. It is quite juicy, and many of them are water-core; but when fully ripe it almost melts in the mouth like a peach. They commence ripen- ing about the first of September, and last pretty well throughout October. Our readers may remember that I have spoken twice about an apple-tree that com- menced bearing remarkably early. In fact, it had three or four nice apples the season after it was taken from the nursery. At the time, I called it the Porter apple, and said it was about as early as the Early Har- vest. Several of our reader's protested that the Porter ripened along in the fall. Well, I have just discovered this season that the two trees were misplaced. The one I was talking about is the Yellow Transparent. The real Porter apple-tree did not commence bearing until two years later. This year there were perhaps twenty or thirty great beauties on the Porter tree. They ripened about with the Gravenstein— perhaps a little earher— a very large conical-shaped apple, yellow in color, and one of the best in quali- ty, according to my notion. This year the twenty or thirty apples were none of them wormy so far as I could discover, and nearly if not all were quite perfect in shape. I wonder if this is a peculiarity of the Porter. It is a beautiful cooking apple, and when dead ripe Mrs. Root said it would make nice sauce in ten minutes. By the way, Mrs. Root's favorite cooking apple is the Twenty- ounce Pippin, sometimes called Cayuga Red- streak. This cooks about as quick as the Porter, is of excellent quality, and the apples grow so large that one of them will make a pie or a bowl of sauce. Our very large apples, or large any thing else, is seldom of the best quality. Hold on! that might mean men and women; and lest some of my big friends take offense I will say it does not ap- ply to people. Well, the Twenty-ounce is not only tremendous in size, but it is excel- lent in quality. About the only objection I know to it is that many are of bad shape, and all or nearly all have a warty uneven surface. They do not pare quite as nicely as the Gravenstein and the Porter. There is one more apple that rejoices the hearts of our whole neighborhood, especial- ly the juveniles. We bought it for a Mann apple, but there is some dispute as to wheth- er it is the genuine Mann. These commence ripening a little after the Early Harvest, and they continue to ripen gradually for al- most if not quite three months— say August, September, and October. They are about the juiciest apple I ever got hold of. The flesh is as crisp as a fresh stalk of celery. They do not grow very large— especially when the tree is loaded as full as it was this year. The Pomological Department at Washington said some specimens I sent them in October they thought were not the real Mann at all —that they lacked both in size and quality. The apple is pearly white when dead ripe. Prof. Brackett, of the Pomological Depart- ment, wishes me to say that he will gladly name any apple you may have in your or- chards, and the Department will send boxes for the specimens so that you can mail them without cost. This is done to encour- age people in calling apples by their right names. The Department has several bulle- tins to dispose of free of charge on apple culture— varieties, etc. Now, my good friend, if you haven't one or more apple-trees of your own, so you can watch the fruit every day, see it put on its gorgeous colors, and ripen up, so you can pick it when it is just right, you are missing one of the great enjoyments the kind Fa- ther vouchsafes his children. Get an apple- tree; make a pet of it; study its habits and ways; and if it does not pour out a golden harvest for yourself and children (and (/rond- children) ,then it will be the exception and not the rule. Last evening I was very hungry. I had been working hard all day, directing and as- sisting the road-makers in the work of grad- ing in front of our home, preparatory to lay- ing vitrified brick. On the table I noticed a tempting- looking dish of baked apples. I think they were prepared by Miss Carrie. She is lately home from school, and is sup- posed to know how to do almost every thing in up-to-date style. Then we had some just extra nice graham bread. I rather think that Mrs. Root furnished the latter. For some reason or other the butter seemed es- pecially nice. When I have graham bread and baked apples, somehow it seems as if a pitcher of cold milk is just the thing to make out a "balanced ration, " and I think I never enjoyed a supper much more. Baked apples, graham bread, and butter and cold milk, con- stitute my ideal repast. When I began praising particularly the baked apples, Mrs. Root remarked, "Why, perhaps you have not noticed it, but there is one variety of apple in our orchard that is especially nice for baking in this way. Can you tell what apple it is?" When I gave up guessing she informed me it was the North- ern Spy. I think the apples were quartered, with the peel left on, and baked in the oven so as to have the juice run out and make a sort of sauce. Be careful not to put in too much sugar. It not only spoils them for my particular self, but I am sure it makes them indigestible. Many dyspeptic persons, I am sure, would be greatly benefited by cutting off refined sugar. Put in sweet apples for the sweetening, or use honey, the sweet that nature prepares without going through any factory. Now you want your graham bread made just right, and nice butter; and be sure to have a pitcher of nice cold milk. The cold 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1077 milk comes in with the bread and baked ap- ples like cranberries with turkey. And, by the way, with the above menu I do not want any turkey, nor meat of any kind; and tea or coffee or any other hot drink — take it away off somewhere. I do not want it around. Now, to enjoy this bill of fare to its full- est extent it may be necessary that you should work hard out in the open air during some cool November day. But I tell you it is worth all it costs to get one into a mood for saying inwardly, if not out loud, "Praise God, from whom all blessings flow." By the way, the Northern Spy, although a splendid apple for cooking, does not keep very well. But just have a good lot in your cellar, and then when you get tired reading books and papers during the long winter evenings go down and sort the apples over. Pick out every one that shows the least dis- position to rot. When rot first commences, then the apples are in the very best condi- tion for cooking, fully ripe, and easy to di- gest. If you enjoy nice apples as much as I do you will enjoy this work of sorting over. You want a good clear light, a pair of specs if you are as old as I am, and some nice clean potato-boxes. Take every apple in your hand, and look over and admire it. In this way you will never lose an apple by de- cay, and you will always have apples that are fully ripe, for daily use. Now, do not get lazy, and push the apple- sorting over on to the shoulders of the dear wife. After you have sorted them as I have directed she will do the rest, I will guarantee. INOCULATION OF SOILS WITH BACTERIA. One of our readers sends us a printed cir- cular offering to send enough bacteria medi- cine, or whatever is the proper name of it, to inoculate an acre of soil for a great varie- ty of different crops. You must tell wheth- er you want to grow corn, cabbages, pota- toes, etc., and then these people will send you just the right kind of bacteria to in- crease greatly the crop. Now, if the Agri- cultural Department at Washington, or our various experiment stations want to send bacteria by mail free, to be tested, that is all right. But do not give your dollars to any- body or to any firm that says they can send you exactly what you want for alfalfa, sweet clover, or any thing else— certainly not till our experiment stations have indorsed it and the man who sends it out. CLOTH-COVERED GREENHOUSES. I notice by the November issue of Coun- try Life in America that greenhouses (or perhaps cold-frames) covered with just cheap cheese-cloth, are being used successfully in many places, and that this cheap loose pro- tection makes some vegetables mature two or three weeks earlier. This matter is sim- ply carrying along a little further the cloth- covered frames mentioned in our book on to- matoes; and from the experiments I saw conducted at our Ohio Experiment Station I am satisfied this slight protection from the hot sun will be of great benefit to many things grown in the garden. It is so porous that it permits rains, etc. The one pictured in Country Life was worth more to me than the whole price of the journal; and, by the way, there is nothing handsomer in the way of fine illustrations in any magazine in the whole world, so far as I know. If you have never seen it, you want at least a sample copy. THE "farmers' CYCLOPEDIA OF AGRICUL- TURE." There has just been issued from the press of the O. Judd Co., New York, a cyclopedia touching many phases of agriculture, wide as that subject is. It takes up field crops, garden crops, fruits and nuts, cattle and dairy, live stock, poultry, fertilizers, drain- age, soils, and irrigation. Under the head of "Miscellaneous " are included many items indirectly allied to the subject of agricul- ture, and it is right hei-e that we find bees. Six double-column pages discuss bee-plants, hives, swarming, wintering, feeding, dis- eases, and literature. The article is well written, and, in general, is quite accurate, but bears evidence hei'e and there of having been prepared by one who has not had prac- tical experience in handling bees themselves. No doubt the two editors, Messrs. Wilcox and Smith, are practical men on the general subject of agiculture, on which they write, but it seems to us that it would have been a little better if they had called in a practical bee-keeper who could write an article based on his own personal knowledge. There is one place in the article, for example, that does not sound like one who is v/riting from experience. The author says, regarding the general subject of feeding bees up for the winter, " In many cases it will be found de- sirable to feed bees during the winter sea- son for the purpose of bringing the colony out in the spring in a more vigorous condi- tion " (itahcs ours). And, again, appears this: " In some experiments where extract- ed honey was fed back after the honey sea- son was over, it was found that this was done with a profit of nearly six per cent." In the first quotation, one would gather the impression that bees are fed during mid-winter, which is not the case, at least in the North, except in very rare instances when sealed combs or cakes of candy are giv- en. The second quotation follows just after the first, and it seems to be out of place. The illustrations of the bees themselves are more like big flies than the insects that gather honey. Still, this book is very instructive, and, taking it all in all, it is an excellent digest of a great subject, boiled down in a small compass. The whole book seems to be clear up to date, and no doubt it will make a very convenient work of reference. It can be obtained of the publishers. It is sold in cloth at $3.50; half morocco, $4.50. 1078 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 A CLEAN FARM PAPER. Are you interested in having^ one for your family to read ? If so, write for a Free Sample Copy of the Modern Farmer. ^ It is clean and helpful on every page, and does not ^I, contain whisky, patent-medicine, or fake ads. It is just the paper to put in the hands of your children, if you want them to live honest and upright lives, and love their home surroundings. BEE-KEEPERS' CLUB. Modern Fanner, one year $ 50 Silk Front Bee Veil • 50 Gleanings in Bee Culture, one year 1 00 Langstroth on Honey Bee 1 20 American Bee Journal (new only) -■ 1 00 $4 20 ^ All of the above only $2.50; first two, $ .50; first three ^L $1.25; first four, $2.10. New subscribers for the A. B. J. can substitute it for Gleanings if they wish. Re- newals for A. B. J. add 40 cents more to any club. Western Bee Journal can be substituted for either bee paper. No changes will be made in any of these offers. Write for OTHER CLUBING OFFERS, and a price list of bee supplies very cheap. E. T. ABBOTT, St. Joseph, Mo. dJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!IIIIILt I GOOD5 I ilN SEASON. I E Cases for marketing comb honey. E. E All kinds of packages for marketing = E extracted honey. . . . E E Glass jars for canning fruit. . . E E Bee-escapes for taking off honey. = E Every thing the very best. ~ E Standard-bred Italian | E Queens. Full line E E of tKe best Bee E I BooKs. . . E = We yet have a full line of hives, sections, E E comb foundation, and every thing neces- = E sary for the bee-keeper. Big discount = E on all goods for next season's use, if E E ordered at once. Order now and save = E money, and be in time for next year. . ~ ^ Catalog Free. ^ I C. M.Scott®. Co., I = 1004 E. "WasHington St., § I Indianapolis, Ind. | ^llllllllilllMlillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliliKr^ BARNES' Hand and Foot Powei^ Machinery. This cut represents ou combined circular sa-w which is made for bee keeper's use in the con struction of their hives sections, boxes, etc., etc Machines on Trial. Send for illustrated cat& log and prices. Addres* W. F. & Jno. Barnes Co,, 545 Ruby St., Rockford. : lUlnolc PAROID POOFING You will be surprised at the money you save and the satisfac- tion you get from Paroid Roofing — the roofing with quality and durability in it. Don't be per- suaded to buy an imitation. Get the genuine. Contains no tar; slate color; any one can lay it in any kind of weather. Complete roofing kit in each roll. Send For Free Sample and book, "Building Economy." li will save you money. F. W. BIRD & SON, (Extiibtiflucl l' miles north of West Palm Beach. Good reasons given for selling. Write for particulars. T. H. McFarlin, Mangonia, Fla. For Sale.— Brand-new latest model No. 1.5 Cowan honey-extractor. Root's make, been used only at an ex- hibition to extract 60 lbs. Will sell same for $10.00; cost $11.50. New Bingham uncapping-knife, 90c. Also- clean new extracting wired combs at 10c each; 8-frame unbound zincs 10c each; bee-books, magazines, in fact, whole apiary of 30 hives and fixtures, etc., for sale at your own prices. Write now. Fred'c E. Smith, 6 Dartmouth St., New Bedford, Mass. For Sale.— a pleasant home in Nelson, Madison Co., New York. 7-room house, with good cellar, good well, and cistern. Barn 26x30 ft., with basement. Chicken- yard. 2% acres of land, with over 40 apple-trees of good bearing ag,e mostly winter fruit. Some pear and plum trees, and grapevines. Running water on place. House and barn in good condition. House within lOO yds. of church and postoffice. Title perfect. Terms, $950; $500 cash, balance first mortgage. W. H. BiRNEY, Las Animas, Colo. Our Specialties Gary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hives and Supers; Root's Sections, Weed Process Foun- dation, and Bingham Smokers. Bees and Queens in their Season. 32-page Catalog Free. W. W. Gary & Son, Lyonsville, Mass. The Pump That Pumps SPRAY r'UMPS SPRAY PUMPS — Double-acting.Llft, Tank and Spray PUMPS S' — Store Ladders, Etc HAY TOOLS ^ of aU kinds. Write '^M for Circulars and ^i^ Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers with steel roller benrings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown on tlie track— hence its name— "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who Ashland. • Ohio. New Star Incubator at a bargain; also, inch black pipes. G. RouTZAHN, Biglerville, Pa. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1081 »iK »i«r fiC fiC flit »i«r »,»r »isr fi«r fic fiC »i«r »isr fic fie ♦r' fiC »iC -—"If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder."— - # # -7r Established 1889. Bee=keepers' Supplies. Distributor of Root's goods from the best shipping--point in the Country. My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Company, and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=Jars, and, in fact, EVERYTHING USED BY BEE=KEEPERS. Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. During this month (November) I will offer a SpeciaZ Ui<=taaiint of ;> per cent for C-ji.h/j <>/-f/f'->^, for goods wanted for next season's use. During December the discount will be 4 per cent. These discounts apply to orders for hives, sections, foundation, etc., but not for honey-packages or shipping-cases, or goods for immediate use. One of those nice flexible bee-hats included free with evei'y shipment, if you will mention it in ordering, telling where you saw the offer. HONEY. I have on hand a large stock of extracted honey in 60-lb. cans, white-clover or water-white alfalfa. A single can of either at 8!4c per pound. Two cans in a box at 8c per pound. Bee- keepers having a demand which exceeds their supply can here avail themselves of an opportunity. ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦<$ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ » ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦< The finest and most accurate goods that the world produces. ♦ Prompt shipments and low freight rates. A positive guarantee ^ that every detail shall be entirely satisfactory. We make mis- ^ takes, but we always correct them without expense to our custo= mers. This is what you get when you send your orders here. ♦ 4 4 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦»♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦» BEESWAX WANTED. I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make small shipments by expre-is; large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send i. to you. WALTER 5. POUDER, 513==515 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ^i« >i# >t yt >i« jii< >« >* >« >i« \t y* jii y* yt ji* yt y>* ^4r ^^ %^ 1082 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 Perfect Goods ! J ow Prices ! j^ ^ A Ctistomer Once, A Cxistomer Al-ways. -^ We manufacture BEB-5UPPLIES of all kinds Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published U/ie Ameri- can Bee-Keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. ADDR.BSS U/ye W. T. Falconer Mfg. Company, Ja.inestown, N. Y. W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N. H., carries a full line of our guous at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. =IT PAYS YOU WELL: To get your bees and queens from the South. All reports g-o to show that bees and queens shipped from the South (especially those reared by us) give larger yields of honey every year than those that are wintered in the North. Let us begin now to arrange to furnish you all the queens and bees you may need the coming season. We make a specialty of bees in carload lots. One. two, and three frame nuclei and full colonies furnished at all times. Get our prices before you buy elsewhere; we will save you time and money. We are selling agents for more than 300 colonies of bees the coming season, besides our own stock, which is complete. Untested queens, from now until Feb. 1st, $1.00 each, or $10.00 per dozen. Tested, from $1.25 to $2.00 each. The best breeders, $3.00 each. Should you wish to buy bees and locate in South Texas, write us. We will fit you out in what you want. Our 1905 catalog will be out Dec. 1st, which will describe the six diiferent races of bees we breed. Write for it. THE BEE & HONEY CO.. W, Atchley. Prup.. Box 79. Becville. Bee Co.. Tex. IT DOESN'T PAY to keep those poor colonies when a young vigorous queen from the be-t houey-gathering stock given no7v may make them your besi colonies next season. We believe we have as good bees as there are for business. We rear our queens carefully, rejecting poor cells or virgius ; guarantee them good queens and purely mat- ed, or replaced free on notice. Our testimonials will compire favorably with any. One queen, 7> els ; six lor $;5.50 ; 12 foi 86 .50 ; select tested, $1.00 ; six for $i ; tested, $1.00 ; select tested, 81. 50"; extra select te.'^ted, $2.(X). J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. I- J- S-tringham, No^a/ York: No. 25 Jars, with burnished tin top and prepared cardboard Hning, ,$5.00 gross. This is quick to fill and NEVER LEAKS. No. 25 jars with porcelain top, $5.25 gross. 1-lb. square jars, with corks, $5.00. Discount on more than one gross. CATALOG OF SUPPLIES FREE. Apiaries, Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom, I05 Parle Place, N. Y. 1904 GLF.AXINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1033 Marshfield Manufacturing Co. Our specialty is making- SECTIONS, and they are the best in the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES, Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. "Uhe MarsKfielcl Manufacturing Company^, MarsKAsld, "W^is Kretchmer Manfc. Co. Box 60, RED OAK. IOWA. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a large stock and greatest vari- I ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- • suring BEST goods at the LOWEST prices, ' and prompt shipment. We want every ' bee- keepe r to have our FREE ILLUSTRAT- ED CATALOG, and read description cf I Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. f WRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. I Trester Supply Company. Lincoln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren. Council Bluffs. Iowa. I. H. Myers, Lamar, Col. $1 100 Magazines Each Year $1 OUR GREAT CO OPERATIVE CLUB consisb of yearly subscriptions to the following high grade magazines. Each stands at the head of its class. This combination furnishes your home with plenty of good clean, interesting and instructive reading matter for every member of the family at the very lowest cost. Farmers Voice - Weekly $. 60 For forty years the most earnest advocate of all things which tend to make life on the farm more pleasurable and protitable. The only farm paper triat gives its readers the best of all the news. Best of market reports. Wayside Tales ofp^ogriL'^"^*"'"' 1-00 Never less than 164 pages. Never less than six crarking good short stories. Each issue contains articles by Opie Read, Stanley Water- loo. Col. Wm. Lighlfoot Visscher, Chas. Eugene Banks, Irving Bach- eller, and other leading American writers. Beauiifully illustrated. The Housetiold Realm 19th year .50 A carefully edited monthly for the home; owned, edited and pub- lished exclusively by wonen and treating of every interest in the household. Profusely illustrated. The American Poultry Journal .50 The oldest and he=t poultry paper in the world. It has improved with the years uutil it stands in the fore front of its class. Qreens Fruit Grower r^i^f.^i^ofAmerica""' -SO For Greens Fruit Grower you may substitute _^.^.^^_ Vick's Magazine, Farm loiirnal, BloodedStock, Tr\^al Q2 If I Kansas City Star or St. Paul Dispatch. I ULctI OO.IU Sample copies of The Farmers Voice free. I/iberal ALL FOR $ I .00 This is unque^on- ably the greatest bargain m good periodical reading matter ever offered. Subscribe today. terms to agents. FARMERS VOICE PUB. CO.,3Z Voice Bldg. Chicago. 1084 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 OU'RE LOOKING am looking for your orders for queens. ] please others, why not you ? My trade has increased five- fold in the past four years. . . . 64-PAGE CATALOG. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama. HONEY QUEENS I,AWS' ITALIAN AND HOI.Y LAND QUEENS. Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth, and witn these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are j'ou intere>ted? Laws' Leather and Golden Italians, Laws' Holy Lands. These three, no more. The following prices are as low as con,sist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen, $8 00, tested, $1; per dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either race, $3 e;ich. W. H, LAWS, BeevUle, Texas. QUEENS I TUC DECT '^^^ ®l^*ys fcehad at 75c I lilL DCol each for untested; $4 25 ' for six; 88 00 per dozen. Tested 8L50 each. Best breeders 85 each. Safe arrival and satis- faction guaranteed. The JENNIE ATCHLEY CO.. Box 1 8, Beeville, Bee Co., Tex. SHIPPING GASES AND GRATES. 24-lb. no-drip cases. 2-ineh glass, $13.00 per 100 ; 12-lb., $8.00. Crates to hold 8 24-lb. cases, 30c. No. 1 sections, $4.00; No. 2, $3.50. Foundation, smokers, bee-hives, wholesale and retail. Send for list. W. D. Soper, Route 3, Jackson, Mich> GOOD RESULTS. To be absolutely sure about it use the RELIABLE INCUBATORS & BROODERS ,. I( the eggs are right, jou can't make a niislake. .Tust follow infitnictions — -the Keliablewill do the rest. OUR 20TH CENTURY POULTRY BOOK, maUedfor lOc, ttllsall a'«)ut it and otiicr thintrs you a ould know. We have lloyardsot thoroug;hbred pooitrj.IuaJABIiEINCB.<BUR. CO., Box B.4!>*)i>'''<7iUl. for Just such macliiues as Miller's Ideal Incubators I and liroodeis. Sent on ^v • " I 30 DAYS TRIAL. Abso- " llutely automatic. Test it _ . _.. [yourself. Bitr poultr%- and I ' the Man I poultry supply book Free. 8^ Who Knows. ] I J. W. MILLER CO., Box 48, Freeport, t^.80 For ^ 200 Egg '^ INCUBATOR Perfect in constructioi action. Hatches every fertile egg. \Vrite fur catalog tu-ilay. GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy, III PRAIRIE STATE INCUBA TO RSAND BROODERS acknowledged by experts to be the most profitable machines made. Winners of 385 First Prizes. Write for free catalog with proof and val- uable informal on for begrlnners. Prairie State Incubator Co. Box 4t4, Homer City, Pa. will double your egg yield. Thous- I ands of poultry raiseiSj y so. It costsles-^, turns easier ts taster andlastslonger than j ny other. Price? -.di up. ><>uloiil5 l»n l^rce 'I'riiil, .'^enii f^.r bdok and special proposition. STRATTON MF'G. CO., !os 54, Erie, Pa. THE/r HUMPHREY GREEN BONE and I VEGETABLE GUTTER I "ill save half your feed bills and louble egg yield. Guarantee I to c it nore bone, in less t nie, v th less la- lh»r, than anyotlier. Sf ndf.rSoecial \ Trial Oiifer and handsome catalogue. HUMPHREY, Mine SI. Factory, J->i-et. Ills, • MANNy , BONE CUTTER MAKES HENS ^ vPAY^ BECAUSE it provides the cheapest and most productive food. Hens can't help laying- ^vhen fed green bone. AVe'il send you a , Mnnn's Latent Model on 10 Days' Free Trial. No money until you are nsfied that it cuts easier ' and faster than any other. H not return at our expense. Isn't this better for you than to pay cash in advance for a machine you never tried? Catnlog-ue free. F.W.MANN CO. Boxs;, Mlllurd, Mass. ^SZ. rWr- 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1085 Special Notices by A. I. Root. THE HANDIEST BAG FOR PICKING APPLES. Our readers may remember that we have advertised for several seasons a ba>r to hang around the neck, for hold- ing seed potatoes while using the stick planter. Well, we have just discovered these planting-bags are the nicest thing in the world for picking apples. A light hoop holds the bag open. It is very easily emptied, is out of the way, and you can carry them across either shoulder. Why didn't somebody think of it before? BATTERY TESTERS, 75 CENTS; POSTPAID BY MAIL, 80 CENTS. These are a wonderful convenience, not only to those who run automobiles, but where dry batteries are used for running gas-engines or any other purpose. The in- strument is small enough to be carried in the vest pock- et, and it will at any time indicate what batteries are weak or e.xhausted. in an instant. Address A. L. Dyke Automobile Supply Co., 2108 Olive St., St. Louis. Mo. The above firm also deals in all accessories and automo- bile parts and supplies, gas-engines, etc.; also the book " Diseases of a Gasoline Automobile, and How to Cure Them." Send for circulars. POULTRY FEEDING AND FATTENING. It would almost seem as if we now had poultry-books enough; but the O. Judd Co. has just gotten out another with the above title. I was especially interested in the long chapter on "Nutrition for Layers," and I do not know but I should consider it worth the price of the book. It discusses all the different kinds of food; and I am glad to say that, instead of advertising and recom- mending any patent egg food, it gives the opinion that none of them are of any particular benefit in the long run. They may start the hens to laying temporarily, but are not likely to result in more eggs the year round. The book has 160 pages, is profusely illustrated, and nicely bound. The price is 50 cents. We can mail it from this office. AIR-CUSHION RUBBER STAMPS. We are prepared to furnish our molding and block stamps with air-cushions at a slight additional cost. This "air-cushion" is a specially made strip of rubber fastened between the handle of stamp and rubber plate. It makes a stamp practically perfect. If struck care- lessly or quickly the impression is not spoiled or blurred, as the pressure is equalized, and there is no rebound. The wear and noise of stamping is greatly reduced. It insures a good print on any surface, either uneven or yielding. Price of molding stamps: 1 line not over 3 inches long 15c 2 line not over 3 inches long .. 25c Each additional line, 5c extra. For a block stamp, add 10c extra to above prices; if border is wanted, add 10c more. For AIR-CUSHION, add 10c extra to price of molding stamp, or 15c extra to block. Write for our rubber-stamp catalog giving prices of different styles and samples. Convention Notice. The Pennsylvania State Bee-keepers' Association will hold its fall convention in Harrisburg on Tuesday and Wednesday, Dec. 6 and 7, 1904. An excellent program has been arranged. Many subjects of vital interest will be ably presented. Genei-al Manager N. E. France, of N. B. K. A., will be present as well as other prominent bee-keepers. Every bee-keeper in Pennsylvania should interest himself in this meeting. D. L. Woods, Sec'y, Muncy, Pa. SOUTHERN BEE-KEEPERS ORGANIZE. Through the efforts of Mr. J. J. Wilder and others a number of bee-keepers of Georgia met, Oct. 21, in Macon, to organize for the purpose of promoting and protecting the interests of bee-keeping in Georgia, the organization to be known as the Georgia Bee-keepers' Association. Mr. J. J. Wilder, of Cordele, Ga., was elected tempo- rary chairman, after which the convention foi-med itself into a permanent organization. After some discussion it was decided that the organization take the name of "The Southern Bee-keepers' Association," instead of "The Georgia Bee-keepers' Association," thereby giv- ing those living out of the State equal opportunities. The following officers were elected: J. J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga., President. Dr. G. W. Rush, Savannah, Ga., Vice-president. Judson Heard, Macon, Ga., Secretary and Treasurer. Resolutions were adopted instructing the Secretary to write the National Bee-keepers' As.soeiation for a copy of their by-laws and articles of constitution, and that a committee be subsequently appointed by the President to draft by-laws, etc., a copy to be sent to each member. The Secretary was instructed to send a copy of the minutes of the association to the different bee journals, for publication, and also a copy to each member. It was decided to place the initiation fee at 50 cents for the present, or until the expenses of the organiza- tion should necessitate a larger fee. The next time and place of meeting, it was agreed, should be named by popular vote or by the President. After some pleasant and instructive discussion on bee-keeping the convention adjourned. J. Heard, Sec. Reduced Prices! Good for the balance of this season only. As I desire to unite my nuclei as soon as possible, I will sell Italian queens at the following low prices, until my present supply is exhausted : Untested queens, 60c each; six or more, 50c each. Select untested, 73C each; six or more, 60c each. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for circular, and read reports from enthusiastic customers. J. P. A/loore, Morgan, Pendleton Co., Ky. TEXAS BEEKEEPERS ! We have the Southwestern Branch house for the W. T. FALCONER M'F G CO., and will carry a full line of their famous goods at FACTORY PRICES. We will handle honey, beeswax, and honey-cans, and shall buy and sell Bees and Queens. OUR AIM is to supply the bee-keeper his wants and buy his products in return. When in need of anything in our line don.t forget to give us a trial: we are here for business. Cat- alogs now ready, and we advise you to order early and get the discounts. We buy and sell REAL ESTATE, and transact a gen- eral REAL-ESTATE BUSINESS. MONEY LOANED on approved properties. We want your business, whether you wish to buy or sell. ANY ONE wishing to buy bees and homes in Texas is especially urged to write us. THE HYDE BEE-SUPPLY CO., H. H. HYDE, M'g'r, San Antonio, Tex. ^GRAPEVINES 69 Varieties. Al»of>niall Fruits, Trees, A-c. Best root- ed stock. Genuine, cLieap. 2 sample vines mailed for iGc DescrlptiTe price- Ust free. LEWIS ROESCH, FREDONIA.N.V. Don't get the idea that Paroid, advertised in our col - urns, is a tar roofing. It is not. Tar roofs sometimes crack and break in freezing weather; Paroid never does. 1086 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Nov. 15 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. ^ Manufacturers of and Dealers in J- BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES ^ ^ We will allow a cash discount of 5 per cent on orders sent in during Nov- Send for Our FREE New Illustretted Catalog and Price L-ist. ^ >!* ~ ittmer's Foun RETAiL AND WHOLESALE Has an established reputation, because made by a process that produces tie ^ Cleanest and Purest, Richest in Color and Odor, Most Transparent and ^ Toughest, in fact, the best and most beautiful foundation made. If you have lifi never seen it, don't fail to send for samples. jj Working Wax: into Foundation for Cash, a Specialty. -^ vfeillii General Correspondence 1107 A House Apiary 56 Years Old 1107 #11 1 Pecan-tree 88 Years Old 1108 /Jl QM Pickled Brood, Starvation Not a Cure 1110 jd^^^mA Introduction of New Queens EffectfCurellllO Are Italians More Immune than Blacks... 1110 j^^^m Experiments" with Pickled Brood^ 1111 7 ^ffll Why Young Bees Don't Begin Field'Work.. 1112 ^/ ^^s. Cleaning Propolis off Separators, etc 1112 j^W ^^'-'"'^''^^C 'H^. New Generic Names for Honey-bees 1113 ^-^t -^^V'"'^ Jl'^^m Tropical Notes 1114 V M^ ^^m. Bee-keeping in the Islands 1114 r/j" _ . Our Homes 1115 Number 23 »>.j #M^^«^>-« The AJ.f®^ Root Cq ^ (5 MEDINAU!%g^J OHIO -9 ' 'I'^i' Eastern Edition. ENTERED AT THE POSTOFFICB. AT MEDINA, OHIO, AS SECONDKILASS HATTER. Get Our Discounts! G. B. LEWIS CO. AND DADANT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. BEESWAX WANTED AT THE HIGHEST ^ MARKET PRICE. LEWIS G. & A. 6. WOODMAN, Grand Rapids, Mich. Hilton's Chaff Hive fortifies your colonies against sudden changes of weather in spring and fall. Only a little extra work neces- sary to change them for winter, and make them frost-proof. This work can be put over until late in Novem- ber or December, after the busy time at this season of the j'ear. The double cover with ventilators enables the bees to continue work in supers during the intense heat of summer, where the hives, of neces- sity, are exposed to the sun during the middle of the day. Ask for copy of report from Michigan Agricultural College, regarding " Double v. Single Walled Hives." A large part of many apiarists' time is consumed in shifting from winter to summer, and summer to winter quarters, which could be well spent in caring for a larger number of col- onies. This is overcome by u.sing Hilton's Chaff Hive. Write for cata- log. Roots Goods at Root's Prices, 4 Per Cent Discount for December. George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. ^ DISCOUNTS For tKe Ne^v Season-— for CasK Orders. During October, 6 per cent. November, 5 " " December, 4 " And you get Root's Goods. Tell us what you want, and we will tell you what it will cost. Our Catalog lor the asking. M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1091 4n ^ ftfl C. H. W. Weber, Headquarters for Bee-Supplies Distributor of R.oot*s Goods Exclu- sively at Root's Factory Prices, li* ^ C. H. W. Office CSb Salesroom, 21 'MTareHotise, Freeman Cincirinatiy - - OHio. Office (Bb Salesroom, 2146-2148 Central Ave. '^^areHotise, Freeman and Central Aveiwie. <4i P$» Let me sell you the Best Goods Made; you will be pleased on receipt of them, "^ A. and save money by ordering from me. My stock is all new, complete, and ^ the Union, particularly in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt ser- ♦^ -♦, vice, and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price ^vinj^' Honey-plants: ^ i-i^ Sweet-scented cluver. white ; nd yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat. ^^ ^ phacelia. Rocky Mountain bee-pkint, and catnip. ^± (^ ~ (^ i^ (^ (^ i^ (^ ; amber, 6(«7. Beeswax, 26. We are producers of honey, and do not handle on commission. Wm. a. Selser, Nov. 19. 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Detroit.— Demand for honey seems fair, with a fair supply. A No. 1 and fancy bring 13(5 14; No. 1, 12; dark, lOOlOVi. Beeswax, 25(S 26. M. H. Hunt & Son, Nov. 12. Bell Branch, Mich. Toledo.— The market on comb honey is somewhat weakened since our last quotations. The receipts are quite heavy for this season of the year, and the demand does not seem to be quite as good as usual. Strictly fancy white comb brings U((i 15 in a retail way; A No. 1, 13(<' 14; amber, 12 with little demand. Extracted is sold as follows: white clover in barrels, GVjd'G'h; in cans, TVi fr'8; amber in barrels, 5V4(<;5V2; in cans, 6(''6V2. Bees- wax, 26(1' 28. Griggs Bros., Nov. 18. Toledo, Ohio . St. Louis.— This market has barely undergone any change in regard to the honey situation, and quote as follows: Fancy white comb honey, 13M>(al4; A No. 1, 12V2(S 13; No. 1, 10"' 11. There is no demand for broken or lower grades of comb honey. Choice extracted white clover and Spanish needle in 5-gaIlon cans, 6Vi(37; dark and southern honey, 5Vi((l6: southern, in barrels, 5@5V2. Beeswax, 28M> per lb. R. Hartmann & Co., Nov. 18. 14 So. Second St., St. Louis. Mo. Chicago.— There has been considerable trade in comb honey, but not sufficient to keep pace with the receipts. Prices are steady at 14c for fancy white clover; 13c for No. 1; with grades between Ic to 2c less. Extracted white, 6'/2fa7'/2; amber, 6'fl7. Beeswax, 28(^('30 per lb. R. A. Burnett & Co., Nov. 19. 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Boston.— Recent heavy arrivals together with very low quotations from some other markets have had a ten- dency to weaken our market. We quote fancy, 15(3 16; No. 1, 15; No. 2, 14 with ample stocks. Absolutely r.o call for buckwheat. Strained honey, 6(5 8. Blake, Scott & Lee, Nov. 19. 31 and 33 Commercial St., Boston, Mass. Kansas City.— The honey market in this section at present is weak, fancy white Colorado comb selling as low as $2.40 per case, and the best grade of white comb from Iowa and Missouri selling at $2.65 per case of 24 sections. We should not be surprised to see the market go lower. Extracted selling slowly. C. C. Clemons & Co., Nov. 19. Kansas City, Mo. San Francisco.— Honey, new crop comb, per lb.. 10(<'13. Extracted, water white, 7; light amber, 6; dark amber, 5. Beeswax, per lb., 28(529. Ernest Schaeffle, Nov. 23. Murphys, Cal. Cincinnati.— Comb honey is now coming in more freely, and prices if any thing have moderated a little. The sales made and prices obtained were: No. 1 fancy water white, 13" 15; No. 2, 12(514. Extracted is sold as follows: white clover, in barrels, 6V2; in cans, 714(58; am- ber, in barrels, 5Vt((i5\'a; in cans, 6(5 eM;. Beeswax, 27. C. H. W. Weber, Nov. 22. 2146-8 Central Ave.. Cincinnati, O. For Sale— 10,000 pounds choice extracted honey. White clover and amber fall. In barrels, 7c; 60-lb. cans, 7V2C. Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, 111. For Sale.— 2100 pounds fancy comb honey. Edwin F. Dxckson, Kenton, Ohio. WANTED FANCY COMB HONEY In No-drip Shipping Cases. Also AMBER EXTRACTED In Barrels or Cans. Quote your lowest price delivered here. WE REMIT PROMPTLY. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI. OHIO. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1093 For Sale.— Extra-quality clover and basswood ex- tracted honey, 60-lb. cans, 7c. Friction-top pails of 10% lbs. net, 7Vi>c. Sample free. Reference, A. 1. Root Co., Syracuse, N. Y. F. W. Lesser. Sta. A, Syracuse, N. Y. For Sale.— Light extracted honey, in cans and bar- rels, ?'•.■ toS'j cts. a pound. Sample, 10 cts. Beeswax wanted. L J. Stringham, 105 Park Place New York. For Sale.— 10,000 lbs. of fancy extracted honey, clover and basswood. Also 2000 lbs. of the same quality bat slightly off color. Gustave Gross. Lake Mills, Wis. For Sale. — Clover and basswood extracted honey in 60-lb. cans. One can, 8 cts.; two or more, TH cts. Do not send local checks. Mrs. C. L. Parker, Sta. A, Syracuse, N. Y. For Sale.— Extracted honey. No. 1, from alfalfa, 7^'2 cts.; No. 2 alfalfa, partly from cantaloupe, 6M; cts. Home and bees for sale. Write me. D. S. Jenkins, Las Animas, Colo. For Sale.— A few 160-pound kegs of fine white ex- tracted honey, well ripened on the hive. Sample free. Earl Rulison, Route 1, Esperance, N. Y. For Sale.— Fine extracted honey from alfalfa with trace of alsike, white, and red clovers, 6 'Ac per pound, 60-pound cans. E. F. Atwater, Meridian, Ida. For Sale. — Extracted honey, clover or basswood, in kegs or cans. Write for price. Sample, 8 cts. C. B. Howard, Romulus, N. Y. For Sale. — Fine extracted honey for table use, in 6C lb. cans. Write for prices and samples. C. H. Stordock, Durand, 111. For Sale. — Fine extracted honey, mixed clover and basswood; two 60-lb. cans in a case, at 7'i>c. C. G. LUFT, Forest, Ohio. Wanted.— New crop white comb honey. Describe what you have, and state price. Evans & Turner, Columbus, O. Wavted. — Comb and extracted honey on con mis- sion. Boston pa>s good prices for a fancy article. F. H. Farmer. 182 Friend St., Boston Mass. Wanted — Comb and extracted honey. State prict , kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted.— Comb and extracted honey. State kind, quantity, and how put up, and lowest cash price. Chas. Koeppen, Fredericksburg, Va. Wanted.— Well-ripened extracted honey to sell again. Give low price and full particulars in first letter. D. E. Lhommedieu, Colo, Story Co., Iowa. Wanted.— Clover extracted honey in cans or barrels; send .sample, and state quantity, whether in barrels or cans, and price delivered at Chicago or Medina. The a. I. Root Co., Medina. O. Wanted. — Buckwheat honey in kegs or cans. Send sample, and state price delivered at Medina, New York, Chicago, or Philadelphia. Mention quantity you can furnish. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, O. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at any time of the year Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hildreth & Segelken, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 25c cash or 28 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St., Chicago, U Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The a. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio. DANZENBAKER ...S1.00 Smoker... Guarriiitted to suit or the dollar back. Buy the D 20th Century Smoker, it is the best. The construction is so simple and complete, it is sure to please, can not clog, s-mokes three to five hours at one filling. $1.00 each; three, $2.50 by express or with other goods, by mail, each, 25c for postage. F. Da nzen baker, Miami, - - Florida. Special Notice to Be8-I(eepers Money in Bees for You. Catalog Price on Root's Supplies Catalog for tlie Aslcing. F. H. Farmer, i82 Friend st. Boston, Mass. UP FIRST FUlGHTz CKas. Israel ^L BrotHers 486-4-QO Canal St.. New YorK. Wholesale Dealers and Commission Merchants is Honey, Beeswax, Maple Sugar and Syrup, etc . OonsignmentH Solicited. Established 1876. For Sale.— a few thousand pounds of light amber comb honey at 12c. Quirin-the-queen-breeder, Bellevue, O. We believe it pays to investigate every thing. If you have a building that needs roofing, write to F. W. Bird & Son, of East Walpole, Mass., and see what they have to say about Paroid. It won't cost you anything, and in justice to yourself you ought to hear every side of the story. 1094 Cl.RAN'IXGS IN RFE ri'LTURE. Dec. 1 JFOUnTAllj J»£t* j' Sent on Approval TO RESPONSIBLE PEOPLB Laughliii FOUNTAIN PEN Guaraateed Finest Grade Uk. SOLID GOLD PEN To testthe merits of this pub- lication as an advertising me- dium we offer you choice of These tf* Two ^ Popular Styles For Only (By reglit«red mall ijc extra) Holder Is made of the finest quality hard rubber. In four simple parts, fitted with very highest grade, large size 14k. gold pen, any flexibility de- sired — Ink feeding device perfect. Either style— Richly Gold Mounted for presentation purposes $1 00 extra. Postpaid to n:iy address Grand Special Offer You may try the pen a week If you do not find It as repre- sented, fully as fine a value as you can secure for three times tha price In any other ^ ^^ makes. If not entirely satis- [|||^H, | factory in every respect, re- turn It and lue "will send you $1.10 for It, the extra lOc. Is for your trouble In •writing as and to shoiu oar confidence In the Laughlln Pen— (Not one customer In 5000 has asked for their money back.) Lay this Publication down and write NOW Safety Pocket Pen Holder sent free of charge with each Pen. ADDRESS Laughlln Mfg. Go. 721 Grlswold S(. Detroit. Micb. Gleanings in Bee Culture [Established in 1873.] D. 'voted to Bees, Honey, and Home Interests. Published Semi-monthly by The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. A I. ROOT, Editor of Home and Gardening Dep'ts. E. R. ROOT, Editor of Apiculturai Uep'l. J. T. CALVERT, Bus. Mgr. A. X,. BOYDEN, Sec. F. J. ROOT, Eastern Advertising Representative, 90 West Broadway, New York City. T&rmst $1.00 per annum ; two years, $1.50; three years, $2.00, • five years, $;?.(X1, in advance. The terms apply to the United States, Canada, and Mexico. To ail other countries, 48 cents per year for postage. Discontinuances.' The journal is sent until orders are received for its discontinuance. We give notice just before the subscription expires, and further notice if the first is not heeded. Any subscriber whose subscription has expired, wishing his journal discon- tinued, will please drop us a card at once ; otherwise we shall assume that he wishes his journal continued, ani will pay for it soon. Any one who does not like ctiis plan may have his journal stopped after the time paid for by making his request when ordering. ADVERTISING RATES. Column width, 2% inches. Column length, 8 inches. Columns to page, 2. Forms close 12th and 27th. Advertising rate 20 cents per agate line, subject to either time discounts or space rate, at choice, BUT NOT BOTH. Time Discounts. Line Rates {Nel). 2.50 lines® 18 6001ines(© 16 10001ines(^ 14 20001ines(® 12 6 times 10 per cent 12 " 20 18 " 30 24 " 40 »n-ticrht. Sold to the Karmer at Whole- ,»k' I'rii-.-s. FuIIt "nrrnnd- I. ' ,i fal"i_' I lee COILETl SPUING FENCE CO., Box 101 Winchester, Indiana, Page Rates {Nei). 1 page ....$40 00 1 3 pages 100 00 2 pages 70 00 I 4 pages 120 00 Preferred position, 2.5 per cent additional. Reading Notices, 50 per cent additional. Cash in advance discount, 5 per cent. Cash discount, 10 days, 2 per cent. Circulation Averafge for 1903. 28,660^ The National Bee-Keepers' Association. Objects of The Association. To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey Annual Membership, $1.00. Send dues to the Treasurer, Officers: J. U. Harris, Grand Junction, Col , President. C. P. Dadant, HamiKon, 111 , Vice-president. Geo. W. Brodbeck, Los Angeles, Cal., Secretary. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., Gen. Mgr. and Treas. Board of Directors : E. Whitcomb, Friend, Nebraska. W. Z. HuTCHiNSO>f, Flint, Michigan. W. A. Selser, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. R. C. AiKiN, Ili- catalogue free. 61st ytar. lOOOacres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., PAINESVILLE, OHIO. 10£5 M.F.ANIXCS IX I'.RE CULTURE. Dfc. 1 Special Notice. We have issued a "beautifully illustrated 16 page-and-cover *' STORY OP THE AMERICAN BEE JOUR- NAL'' that, while they last, we will mail on re- quest, with a sample copy of the Bee Journal, to all who are not now among its readers (but who are thinking of becoming regular subscribers) for only 4 cents in stamps to pay postage and wrapping. The AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL is published WEEKLY at fl.OO a year; it is sent with Doolittle's ''Scientific Queen-Rearing '' (bound in leatherette) — both for only |1.50. The balance of this year's (1904) numbers of the Bee Journal will be nailed FREE to NEV/ subscribers for 1905. Address the publishers, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. # # # # if,. •'•< >i'. 't'^. <•'''«. 'f '. >'('<' >t'' .•'$'' >i'' •'<'' .*'('- >('- •I'' ->'t'' >$'- '$'' '4'- >('- 'i'- >0''' •$' ■!»7 -l^.* •-!$.•■ ■•.0.« -'.is '.S? -iJV '.0.«- •'!>.»■ •'.«.»■ 'ij!'' 'I*.*' ■'.•.» -it." ■'■tf- 'lt.« ■•.•^ 'I*.' ''.»!' '•.(|.» •'!«.'» tl." _..,-..,- . - it''. .*%'". .*f,. ,*f,. .*f» !!>' «!«> «;;«> •»v» «>T«» «>T'» ^<» ^i* ^'a ' • • •'.e.»-^f»-i».»-i|.«-i#.« Best Extracted Houey For 21 1 A AllinOO-Ib. Tin Cans «««♦»» Alfalfa Honey This is the famous White Extracted Honey gathered in the g'reat Al- falfa regions of the Cen- tral West. Jt is a splen- did honej', and nearly everybody who cares to eat honey at all can't get enough of the Alfalfa ex- tracted. Basswood Honey This is the well-known light-colored honey gath- ered from the rich, nec- tar-laden basswood blos- soms. It has a stronger flavor than Alfalfa, and is preferred by those who like a distinct flavor in their honey. Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey: A sample of either, by mail, 10 cents, to pay for package and postage. By freight — two 60-poui)d cans of Alfalfa, 81^ cents per pound ; 4 cans or more, 8 cents a pound. Basswood Honey, half-cent more per pound than Alfalfa prices. Cash must accompany each order You can order half of eacb kind of honey, if vou so desire. The cans are two in a box, atd freight is not prepaid. ABSOLiUTELiY PURE BEES' HONEY. Order the Above Honey and then Sell It. We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did not produce enough honey for their home demand, just order some of the abrve, and sell it. And otoers, who want lo earn some money, can get this honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere. THE YORK HONEY CO. .Noti„., Henry M. Aknd, Manager. loi E. Klnzie Street, CHICAQO, ILL. jife. M. vtk. .lib. ^te. ..-|b. ■M. .w«». .v-lb. M. .^. .M, ,^. .,-|b. .4^ lite, .wfc, w|>, .^a.. .ilk. .i^i^ik^iti^£tk^jit^it^ji)^£t^ # # 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1097 A Honey Route in something' the same line as a milkman has a route, has been inaugurated, and put into practice for several years hy Mr. C. F. Smith, of Cheboygan, Mich. Theie is no peddling about it. On certain days, except during the busy time of the year with bees, he goes over a cer- tain route, calling at certain houses, and delivering a certain amount of honey. In this way he sells all his own extracted honey at 13 cents a pound, and then buys and sells thousands of pounds besides. How the honey IS put up, how the route was established, how he knowa at which houses to call, how much honey to bring, etc are all told in an article that runs through both the Oc- tober and November Bee-keepers' Review. Send ten cents for these two issues, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. POULTRY HERALD, St. Paul, Mii^ik. One of the best papers of its class. Practical, illus- trated, every issue interesting. Regular subscription price, 50 cents per year. If you are not now a subscriber. Send a Quarter, stamps or silver, and get a year's trial subscription. Address POUIvTRY HE:R.A.IvD, St. Paul, Minn. Poultry in the West- Also Dogs and Pigeons, for Pleasure and Profit. Do you want to know about how they are bred on the great Pacific Coast? The Pacific Coast Fanciers' Montiiiy, brim full of good reading, handsomely illustrated, up- to-date, will tell you. Try it for a year. TRIAL sub- scriptions, one year, 50 cts. Bee culture and poultry- raising go well together. FANCIERS' MONTHLY, San Jose, California. GIVEN AWAY FREE Poultry Punches, Account Books, Business and Visiting Cards, Etc. For full information write your name and address on a postal card and send it to the OHIO POULTRY JOURNAL, DAYTON, OHIO. FREE ! ^*-'***-^'*^^ LEARN more about the great poultry industry. They make money while you sleep, and will i^'^ ^^flB^ ' ''^® °" what you 'Sr^'«l r-~-~- ^? «mB3P throw away. Our L^t Wi__^ / \ .^ "^^ . JK^E paper tells how to make money on / poultry, eggs, and j/S^ "^j- ^-^SSSf / incubators. Ask for sample copy now — ^ Inland Poultry Journal, 40 Cord Building, Indianapolis, Ind. The American Fancier. The only weekly paper devoted exclusively to thorough- bred and practical poultry culture. Bright, newsy, and independent. A true fancier's paper. :■ :• :• :• J. H. DREVENSTEDT, EDITOR. Send for a sample copy. Address :• :■ :• :• :• :• The American Fancier, Johnstown, N. Y. POULTRY SUCCESS. 14th Tear. M TO 64 PAGES. The 20th Century Poultry Magazine Beautifully illustrated. 60c yr. , showi readers how to succeed with Poultry. Special Introductory OflPer. 8 years 60 cts ; 1 year 25 cts ; 4 month* triallOets. Stamps accepted. Sample copy free. 148 page illustrateo practic*S ■ultry book free to yearly subscribers. Catalogue of poultry publications free. Poultry Succeii Co., fe^eid.o. C WORTH 10 cts. DO YOU WANT IT? IF NOT, GIVE IT TO A FRIEND OF YOURS. Return this ad. and 1.5 cts. (regular price 25 cts. ) and we will send you our o2 page, practical, ufcto-date monthly, poultry, pigeon and pet stock paper, one year as a trial. 4 years 50 cts. .Send at once, this is a bargain. POULTRY ITEM. BoxO. Fricks. Pa. Fruit Growers AND FARMERS Thousands of the best fruit frrowers and farmers read the Southern Fruit Groover because they find it the most helpful fruit paper published. Con- tains 24 to 40 pages of valuable fruit and farming information every mor.ih. 50c a year. Send 10c and 10 names of fruit Krowers and get it 0 months on trial. Sample free. THE SOUTHERN FRUIT GROWER, Boi I , Chattanooga, Tenn. Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIG PRICES. Eager market. Money- miikers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Here i8 something WORTH LOOK- ING INTO. Send for our FREE BOOK, " How to Make Money with Squabs, and learn this rich industry. Addresa PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB CO., 289 Atlantic Ave., boston, mass. Hunter-Trader-Trapper Illustrated 64 to 80 page month- ly journal about game, steel traps, deadfalls, trapping se- crets, and raw fur. Published by experienced hunter, trapper, and trader. Subscription $1.00 a year; sample copy 10 cents. A. R. HARDING. Editor. Gallipolis, Ohio. WAMfArIT Lovers of Good Books Ct n ICU ■ to write for list of 200 titles to select from. Beautiful cloth-bound |1 books mailed 4 for Jl. These story books are by the best authors, 200 to 500 pages. The FRISBEE HONEY CO., (Ref. Publishers of Gleanings.) Box 1014, Denver, Ca lots GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 Nearly 100 Pages . . Our new 1905 Catalog . . It is a Dandy. It will be issued about Dec. 15. Send for one===No Bee=keep= er should be without one=== Everything listed known in Bee Supplies. Q. B. Lewis Company, Watertown, = Wisconsin. Established 30 years. Millions of sections, thousands of hives. ■^ •'»'» •A^^^HoNi:.Y ^^^ Publishedby-THEAl nOO"f Co. Si£°ptRVEAR. 'Xs Medina-Ohio- Vol XXXII. DEC. I, J 904. No. 23 To SCRAPE bees thoroughly is not such a very big job, says H. H. Hyde, p. 1068, for one man can easily clean from 25 to 50 colo- nies a day. I wish my good Texan friend would tell us how much of the bee he scrapes. If he means just the hind legs, he'd have a busy time getting through with 50 colonies in a day; but if the bees are scraped all over, even 25 colonies would be too many. Illinois bee-keepers, at their State con- vention, voted unanimously that they want- ed their bees taxed. They wisely argued that they couldn't expect favors from the State legislature for the benefit of some- thing that wasn't taxable property. I think there's a better argument even than that- common honesty. We expect the law to protect property in bees as well as in horses; why not tax one as well as the other? [Bees are taxed in this State, and I do not know why they should not be taxed the same as any other property, and be recognized in law as such. —Ed.] Ye editor wants to know, page 1056, "whether honey does contain food elements that the bees really need, not found in the sugar syrup." I think that the authorities agree in general with Reidenbach's state- ment that honey contains from one to three per cent of nitrogenous matter, while sugar contains only a trace. But the question might still be raised whether bees can not get along very well with sugar if they have plenty of pollen available. [In the quotation referred to I did not quite convey the mean- ing I had in mind. If you put the word necessary before the word food it will clear up the statement. Of course, I knew that honey contained other food elements than those found in sugar syrup; but the question was whether those other elements were nec- essary. I am inclined to think they are not, for reports for many years back have shown that sugar syrup was preferable to honey, as a rule. —Ed.] "That ' hermetically sealed ' cover must be pried ever so carefully if one would avoid that fatal snap as it leaves the hive," says R. Wueste, p. 1069. What sort of climate have you in California, anyhow, friend Wueste, that makes it cold enough Jfor pro- polis to snap? Up here it snaps only when it's too cold to work with bees. Neither do the bees on the cover offer fight. Just dump the end of the cover on the ground in front of the hive, and the bees scud for the entrance. Leipz. Bztg. says that this year's honey is darker than the honey of other years, the cause being the excessively dry weather that ruled for months. Does dry weather make honey darker here? I think L. L. An- drews says that in his part of California alfal- fa honey is amber. Why dark there and so very light in Colorado? Weather, soil, or what? [I have noticed that, in dry years, comb honey jooks more water-soaked. I presume it is owing to the fact that honey, when it does come in, comes very slowly, and the bees are a long while in sealing it. I do not know whether dry seasons affect the color of extracted honey or not. We should be pleased to have reports. — Ed.] Wm. M. Whitney, p. 1070, quotes me as saying that bee-keeping would never become as reliable as other agricultural pursuits till the bee-keeper could have some legal rights in the case; and then he says the time will never come when a bee-keeper will have legal protection as an exclusive occupant of a given territory. Well, then, the pursuit will never become very stable and reliable, will it, friend Whitney? You then proceed to say, "no sane person would contend for a moment that an owner would not have a right to cut his basswood timber," alfalfa, etc. Of course not; who ever thought of such a thing? But what has that to do with the case? The question is, don't you think you would feel you were in a more stable business if you could be sure that no other 1100 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 bees would be set down within a certain distance of yours? "Nectar gathered by the bees from flowers, and deposited in wax cells, " is given as government definition of honey, p. 1063. If 1 am not mistaken, I saw a few days ago a government document in which honey was defined as obtained from flowers and other parts of plants. [There are two or three definitions for honey; but the government document you refer to in the last sentence reads thus : ' ' from flowers and from the exudations of plants." The question is, whether or not honey should not be limited to the nectar of flowers only, gathered and stored by the bees. Chemist Selser, of Philadelphia, believes that nothing else should be recognized as honey. This will simplify the work of the chemist, and pre- vent the bee-keeper from putting on the market honey-dew honey and other honeys so called, of doubtful source. —Ed.] Inoculated soil is mentioned, p. 1077, as being offered for sale; but I wish you had told us, friend A. I., at what price. I won- der if there isn't a little bit of humbug somewhere about this offering for sale spe- cific bacteria for each different crop. Please remember that, where any crop has been successfully grown, the proper bacteria are already there. The inoculating matter is needed only for some new plant that you have not already grown. For example, on ground where alfalfa has never been grown the special bacteria are needed. Fortunate- ly, however, the experiment stations have proved that the bacteria of sweet clover are identical with alfalfa bacteria, so land where sweet clover grows well doesn't need any in- oculation for alfalfa. The Illinois Experi- ment Station (other experiment stations likely do the same) furnishes enough infect- ed soil to inoculate an acre of ground for alfalfa at a charge of 50 cents, if I remem- ber correctly. Do the circulars mentioned cut under that price? [The price, doctor, was $2.00 for enough of the stuff, whatever it was, to inoculate an acre of ground; and there was quite a list of plants to be inocu- lated, including garden vegetables. I pro- nounced it a humbug at once— that is, when they undertook to send the exact bacteria that would increase a crop of wax beans or any other legume wonderfully, and that each vegetable needed a different "concoction." The circular was very ingeniously made up ■of extracts from reports of different exper- iment stations to prove that their stuff was the genuine thing; but, of course, no exper- iment station pretended to indorse that par- ticular institution. —A. I. R.] Dr. Burri, the Swiss bacteriologist, says in Schweiz. Bztg. that there are in Switzer- land at least two different kinds of bacilli that produce foul brood, and in the treat- ment regard must be had to the kind of ba- cilli present. But it is a question whether, under the designation of " foul brood," the Swiss do not include more than we do, for on the same page we are told that it includes "stinking foul brood, non - stinking foul brood, and sour brood." [Possibly the term foul brood in other countries takes in all forms of dead brood that is foul, ropy, or gelatinous. But I think Mr. Cowan, of the British Bee Journal, considers the real foul brood as referring to Bacillus alvei only; and, if I am correct, that is the understand- ing of the bacteriologists of this country. There is no doubt at all that there are more than one form of microbe that causes brood to die. The germs that produce black brood are very different from those that produce foul brood, although the York State bacteri- ologists seem to have made some confusion somewhere by calling black brood foul brood, and foul brood black brood. —Ed.] You FELLOWS that don't need to cellar your bees should be thankful you don't have to "rassel" with the troublesome problems of the right time to take bees in. We've had fine fall weather till about the third week of November. Then a few mornings with the thermometer 22 to 25 degrees came. That cold spell made it important that the bees should have another flight be- fore going in. But if I waited for them to fly I might wait till spring. As the darkey said, "Doubtful things mighty onsartin, massa." Nov. 14, Clark began carrying in; but by the time 39 were in, it looked so promising for a warmer time that he stop- ped. The promise was fulfilled, and there were several summery days, the bees flying briskly. Nov. 19 the last of the bees went in. Since then there has been flying weath- er but no bees out in it. I'm not grieving over that, except that I wish that first 39 had gone in a week sooner or a day later. [Our bees are still out of doors, Nov. 22. Our season is a little later than yours— prob- ably by two weeks. We do not put them into the cellar much before the first of De- cember, because we have a good many fine flying days up to that time on the average. We are paving in front of the factory, with the result that quite a quantity of dirt was deposited on a low spot in our bee-yard. This necessitated the removal of several hives. As it was not practicable to move them to another portion of the apiary, I told the boys to put them in the bee-cellar for a couple of weeks, then put them in some other location in the yard. This was done; and, notwithstanding the bees had been confined only about two weeks, I noticed that they voided a good deal of liquid fecal matter. While they would have been able to retain this for some time, possibly till next spring, yet the confinement of the two weeks showed that, when released, they would relieve themselves of fecal matter. I therefore think it advisable to put the bees in the cellar as late as possible, and then, wherever the locality will permit, give them one or two midwinter flights on a warm day. It pays well in this locality. Indeed, I do not believe we could have good wintering without these mid-winter flights. -Ed.] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1101 Bl:tKEEPrN& AMONG THE KDCKIH A prominent dealer in honey and supplies advertises in Gleanings ' ' white and yellow- alfalfa ' ' seed. Probably he means sweet clover. All the alfalfa I ever saw had a purple blossom. Regarding the small nuclei for queen-mat- ing, let it be remembered that, while Mr. Laws deserves credit for first bringing them prominently before the public, he has not claimed to be the originator of the systeip. C. B. Bankston, I believe, was the one who brought the " Swarthmore " idea intoj^this practical shape and firsts described thej sys- tem in print, j:^::^ T.™!!^ ; WSL \^ Sweet clover is'^'probably so called because of its sweet smell when in bloom, though it might well be so named because of the sweet smell of the dried plant or because of the amount of nectar it produces. I believe it was either the New Mexico or Arizona experiment station that in one of its bulle- tins referred to it repeatedly as "sour clo- ver," explaining that it used this term be- cause of the taste of its leaves as compared with alfalfa. It seems to me that this at- tempt to change the name of such a well- known plant is entirely unwarranted and useless, and can only lead to confusion. The statement quoted in the Review, that the man who uses a bicycle to go to an out- apiary has done a day's work before he gets there, makes an old century rider smile. Although I keep one or more horses all the while, I prefer to use a bicycle whenever possible. I am bee-inspector for Mesa County, and have made all my inspecting- trips on the wheel. Sometimes for a couple of weeks together I have ridden from fifteen to thirty miles nearly every day, inspecting from 75 to 100 colonies of bees at a trip, and the least tiresome part of the day's work has been that spent on the wheel. I enjoy it more, probably keep in better health for it, and get more work done at less expense for the taxpayers who foot the bills, than if I used a horse. Some bee-keepers here, generally new- comers from the East, have tried to winter their bees in cellars. So far as I know, the results have invariably been very unsatis- factory. Colorado has an ideal climate for wintering bees outdoors. No matter how cold it gets at night, and it very seldom gets as cold as in the majority of the Eastern States, the sun generally shines during the day and warms things up so that the bees can move around in their hives and locate themselves properly with regard to their honey supply. Days on which they can fly are frequent. Good colonies, with plenty of honey, almost invariably winter well, no matter how open and dilapidated their hives may be. Some protect their bees by pack- ing in straw or otherwise, but generally the only preparation for winter, if any is made, consists in laying a piece of burlap over the frames, allowing a slight upward ventilation. Complaint is frequently made that queens shipped in from a distance do not prove to be good layers. Doubtless their prolificness is often injured by their long trip through the mails. It would be a good thing for the bee-keepers here if some queen-breeder would locate in this part of the West. The shortness of the season, compared with the Southern States, might make it impossible to raise as many queens in a season, but I think there would be a good demand for them, and that more queens would be used here if they could be bought near home. In one respect a breeder would have an advan- tage over many localities. A short drive from almost any part of this valley would take one out on the desert out of reach of any other bees, so that queens could easily be mated to selected drones. The picture of the Alexander apiary, and the figures relating to it, no doubt seem very impressive to those who are accustomed to only small apiaries at considerable distances from each other. But apparently there are few or no other bees in the neighborhood. Here it is no uncommon thing for that num- ber of colonies to be on practically the same ground, with the range limited on all sides of them. A circle with a radius of a mile and a half, including my apiaries, contains 800 colonies, and for a considerable part of its circumference the circle would touch the desert, on which there is ordinarily no pas- turage, while there are bees all around the rest of the circle. At another place a circle with a radius of three-fourths of a mile con- tained over 700 colonies, with bees nearly as thick on all sides. Another circle with a radius of a mile and a half contained 1100. An apiary within this circle averaged three cases of comb honey to the colony, though that was far better than common. When it comes to considering overstocking, the trouble is that few stop to figure on the number of colonies that already occupy practically the same location. Prof. A. J. Cook some time ago in the American Bee Journal called the attention of bee-keepers to what he considered good locations in southern California because of the amount of alfalfa grown there. I felt sure that he was mistaken, because I had investigated some of these localities myself and found them unpromising. In a recent 1102 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 article Prof. Cook says he has been criticised by a Ventura County bee-keeper who says that, while alfalfa in certain regions secretes nectar and adds largely to the honey-yield, in other sections, especially near the coast in Ventura County, it seems of no value at all as a honey-plant. Prof. Cook then theo- rizes that the reason it does not secrete hon- ey in these localities is because of their comparatively cool and moist cHmates. A hot dry climate, he concludes, is necessary for alfalfa to yield honey; and he feels sure that the southern counties, San Diego and Riverside, must become excellent for honey. While I believe his theory is all right, there are other things to be taken in considera- tion. I visited a district south of Riverside where a great deal of alfalfa was grown, but concluded it was not a good locality for a bee-keeper. I based this conclusion, though, and the apparent scarcity of bee- keepers, on the fact that the alfalfa was generally cut before it came into bloom, thus giving the bees little chance to gather hon- ey from it. It is undoubtedly true that at- mospheric conditions greatly affect nectar secretion. It is my experience here that cool weather decidedly diminishes the yield from alfalfa, and that rain is a detriment. What alfalfa needs to yield honey well is hot dry weather, with plenty of irrigation water. I believe we have had some reports of good honey-yields in Kansas and Nebraska from alfalfa ; but it is my opinion that, even if alfalfa can be made to grow well in the States having a moister and cooler climate, it will not be as abundant or reliable a source of honey as in the arid regions with irrigation. I wish that people would not act as if they felt their own little corner of the universe, with all its peculiarities, ought to be familiar to all the rest of the world. Now there are Coggshall and some of the rest of them who have been talking for some time about using old phosphate-sacks for smoker fuel; and The A. I. Root Co. is talking of making it up into cartridges to sell to those bee-keep- ers who think they must buy every thing they use. Most of the bee-keepers in the States I am familiar with never saw a phos- ■ phate-sack, and would not know of what material it is composed. I don't myself. I have seen phosphate-sacks in the Southern States, but I do not remember what they were made of. You of the effete East, with your worn-out lands, may be thoroughly familiar with phosphate-sacks, but you have no right to assume that the rest of us are. I suppose that phosphate-sacks are made of jute or hemp, and are like what is common- ly known as gunny sacking or burlap. If that is so, you ought to speak of old potato-sacks, then the Colorado ranchman would know what you are talking about. Burlap is one of the materials I find of great service as smoker fuel in my inspecting-trips. In fact, it is hard to beat for that purpose. The smoker fuel almost universally used here is cedar bark taken from fence-posts. A great many do not seem to know that any thing else can be used in a smoker, and I have gone into apiaries fairly littered with excel- lent smoker fuel in the shape of old burlap, cotton rags, chips, etc., where the owner went to considerable trouble to bring me some cedar bark. This bark is first-rate fuel for a short job, but it makes so much ash that the smoker soon gets choked up, and must be cleaned out frequently. Away from home I use almost any thing that will burn, and nothing comes amiss. At home I prefer planer shavings, which are easily procured, cost almost nothing, and are easily handled. If they are inclined to blow into the nozzle of the smoker, I put on top of the charge of shavings a piece of burlap, a few leaves, a handful of weeds, or something of the kind. To light the smoker I use a piece of cotton rag soaked in saltpeter water, as advised by Dr. Miller. MANY COLONIES OR GOOD MANIPULATION— WHICH THE BETTER? "Say, Doolittle, have you seen that claim being made in some of the bee-papers, that success in bee-keeping lies along the line of keeping a whole lot of colonies, and visiting them only three or four times a year? " "Yes, I read mostly what was said along this line during the past year. Do you in- dorse this idea? " "Well, I hardly know what to think, and so came over to have a talk with you on the subject. If I adopt that mode of procedure I must make a lot of hives this winter, so it will be necessary for me to decide soon. Then, as lumber is high now, the cost will be considerable for new hives, and this made me hesitate." "I am of the opinion that your hesitation is well, for there are elements entering into this matter that some seem not to see." " What do you allude to ? " "I noticed that one of the advocates of this keeping a large number of colonies in one place, so that the labor part of keeping bees might be eliminated (which was loudly endorsed by the editor of one of our pa- pers) , told us very soon after, I think in the next number, how he fed his whole apiary of some 500 to 700 colonies during the spring so that they might be in shape for the flow of honey from white clover. And, strange to say, the editor seemed to indorse this feeding part; while, at the same time, ma- nipulation along the line of spreading the brood, etc., was thought to be unworthy of the thoughts of those who would make the greatest success in our pursuit." 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1103 "But you do not consider spring feednig as labor thrown away, do you?" "That was not the point at issue. The contention was the keeping of more colonies, instead of spending so much time in manip- ulation; and if I know any thing of bee- keeping there is nothing that requires more labor on the part of the apiarist than the feeding of bees during the spring of the year, where success is to be obtained by such feeding. And to carry out properly the feeding of from 500 to 700 colonies of bees is something which would almost stag- ger the man who sees only fun in all the work in the apiary." "I see now, for I know that, when feed- ing is once begun, it must be continued till the flowers begin to yield nectar, or there will be little results accruing from the mat- ter. ' ' "That is right; and, in addition to all of this labor, comes the cost of the feed. And the strange thing is that neither of these counts as any thing to the one who sees nothing but ' labor and vexation of spirit ' in the matter of manipulation along other lines which, as a rule, give better results than does spring feeding." " I see that ' Deacon Hardscrabble ' thinks that much of the feed given during the spring finds its way into the surplus. What do you think of that ? ' ' ' ' That depends upon the amount fed just prior to the opening of the honey harvest. If the feeding is heavy at that time, and the hive is not well filled with brood, some of the feed may go into the sections together with that obtained from the fields. But bee-keepers, as a rule, are made on the plan of feeding as little as possible consistent with good results, owing to the expense of the feed. But I have no fight along this line, nor along the line of spring feeding to get the colonies in proper condition for the harvest. My contention is against the advo- cating of any plan that tends to a neglect of the bees, as does the advocating of many colonies with little manipulation; while at the same time it appears that such advo- cates spend more labor at feeding, etc., than is required in building up colonies ready for the harvest, in other ways. And, great- est of all, this advocating of multitudes of colonies with little or no labor tends to beget in the beginner- a slip- shod method which generally results in his losing all he put in the business, in a few years after he enters the ranks of apiculture." "Then you think as good results can be secured with the same amount of labor by the man who keeps 100 colonies of bees as could be done were he to spend the same labor on 200?" "That is my thought; and any careful reader of the bee-papers during the past can come to no other conclusion, for reports favor the former rather than the latter. Don't misunderstand me. If any man has the ability to care for 100, 200, 1000, or even 2000 properly, and can hire competent labor to help him manage the thousands, he will make a success in the matter. But the put- ting into the field of 200 colonies of bees, where a man has capacity for only 100, will not make success, even though the ' trend ' of some would have it so appear. A man can secure much better results in properly caring for 100 than can be done with 200 colonies worked (?) on the let-alone plan of visiting the apiary three or four times a year." "What do you base this assertion on?" "The experience and observation of the past. Thirty-five years of bee-keeping life tells me that this is not mere fancy, but facts which the success of the two plans, in the hands of the average person, proves. If you have any doubts along this line, just try the two plans side by side till you are con- vinced. With the low prices of honey (as compared with the prices of many other things), seems to have come the thought of partially or wholly going back to the old idea that bees work for nothing and board themselves; so that many bee-keepers seem to think all that should be required of them may be summed up in the old saying of hold the dish to catch the porridge." " Then you think that this advocating of more colonies and less work tends toward a lowering of the standard of our more ad- vanced apiculture?" "I do; and not only this, but an educa- tion that is not profitable. To the enthusi- astic bee-keeper there is no fun in such a plan as this. Pleasure comes only through a love of our pursuit; and if we love it we are always interested enough to make the labor fun while we are doing it. Did any one ever have any fun going fishing and get it by swinging in a hammock in the shade ? Did any one ever enjoy himself in the fox- chase while sitting beside the sitting-room fire? The love of fishing and of the fux- chase is greater than that for hammock and fire, and so the love for work with the bees will make the same greater fun than a life of ease to the one who is to succeed in our pursuit." [I am a little at a loss to know to whom Mr. 'Doolittle alludes in his reference to the editor who "loudly endorsed" the idea of keeping a large number of colonies on one place, and then afterward in his next num- ber commended the feeding of the same in the spring. It would be much better if our correspondents would refer to the individual by name, and give exact page or pages of a given bee journal where such and such ideas were discussed. No offense could possibly be taken in any case, for every one has a right to his opinion. Perhaps some might say, "Do not put the shoe on if it does not fit." I am not putting it on, because I do not think I have given any general indorse- ment to a large number of colonies in one locality, as mentioned in the paragraph above by Mr. Doolittle. Mr. E. W. Alexan- der, in our issue for Nov. 1, page 1019, did tell about keeping an extraordinarily large number of colonies in one locality. In my 1104 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 footnote referring to the matter I said, ' ' I doubt if there are many localities in the United States that will support so many bees without cutting the average per colony down to an unprofitable basis." While this does not at all detract from any statement Mr. Alexander may have made so far as it relates to his locality, the opinion expressed is most decidedly that a large number of bees in one locality is, as a general thing, unprofitable, and therefore not to be ad- vised. I have run through hastily some of the other bee journals, but do not find such indorsement as Mr. Doohttle speaks of, and therefore I am all curiosity to know what editor is commending such a proposition. I have written a good deal about bees, and perhaps on some page I may have made a misstatement or a statement that is capa- ble of a misconstruction. If so I should be glad to have the same pointed out. I have always believed, and I think our columns will bear me out, that not over 100 colonies as a rule can be kept in one locality, and I have often advised not over 50 or 60. I know of only two localities that will sup- port 500 colonies all in one yard in the Unit- ed States. One is in California, and the other is in New York ; and even these would not begin to do this were it not for expert management. — Ed.] Owing to some unexpected advertising coming in late we have been obliged to leave out our usual installment of Heads of Grain. We are preparing to enlarge our journal; and possibly in our next issue, certainly in the one following, we will give a great deal of extra matter to make up, at which time an unusual amount of questions and answers will be given. CONVENTION DATES. It would be a good thing if those who have to do with fixing dates for conventions would arrange them so they will not conflict with some other convention date, so that one or more speakers can attend them all. For example, the Illinois State convention conflicted with the one at Toronto, Canada. Editor York had intended to go to both, but of course could go to only oue. I am ar- ranging to go to Chicago to attend the Northwestern, Nov. 30, and go to Cincin- nati Dec. 2, then am compelled to retrace my steps, and go back to Chicago to get to Minneapolis, the 7th and. 8th, making double mileage. If the matter were put in the hands say of the General Manager of the National, he might suggest a set of dates so that he himself and the editors of all the bee-papers could attend all the conventions, and at the same get the the mileage down to a minimum. Such an arrangement would often make it possible for an association to get an outside speaker when it could not otherwise. GIVING BEES MID-WINTER FLIGHTS. I BELIEVE it was decided years ago that it did not pay to give bees in the cellar a mid- winter flight; that the slight gain resulting from such flight would not compensate for the labor involved. Of course, a good deal depends on the locality, the kind of cellar, the temperature that it is possible to main- tain in it, irrespective of outside weather, and, in general, the winter itself. But I am satisfied that, in our own locality, one and possibly two mid-winter flights when the weather permits not only pays but pays well. In half a day's time two men have taken out of our cellar 200 colonies, allowed them to fly, and put them back. The bene- ficial effects were immediately noticed. While the bees prior to removal were uneasy, they became perfectly quiet after being put back, and continued so for several weeks after. It may be that in some cellars, in some locali- ties, with a uniform temperature, the bees can be kept so quiet, so dormant (bordering almost on a stage of hibernation), that the mid-winter flight is not necessary. FLOATING APICULTURAL EXPOSITIONS IN RUSSIA. I DESIRE to call special attention to that part of Mr. Titoff 's report on Russian bee- keeping referring to the floating expositions illustrative of apicultural progress in Russia. I am of the opinion that something of the kind could be instituted in this country, and perhaps Uncle Sam some day will foster such an enterprise. If a good big barge could be chartered to go down the Mississip- pi with a floating apiary, extractor, extract- ing-house, and comb-honey equipment, with competent men in charge to illustrate each process, it would have a most wonderful educational effect. It might stop at all the principal places; and if a similar barge were floated on the Ohio River, another on the Columbia for the Northwest, every one would have an opportunity at very little cost for railway fare to see the latest methods actually put into operation. IGNORANT, FOOD COMMISSIONERS. At the St. Louis convention Prof. E. N. Eaton paid his respects to the ignorant or incompetent food commissioners who every once in a while will break loose i;i the papers about some impossible adulterations, alarm- ing the public with a story that will travel from ocean to ocean. It is high time that some one should call down some of these people for the senseless blunders they are making in the name of the great common- wealths they are supposed to represent. For example, one of our food commission- lVt04 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1105 ers, a strenuous official who was doing his duty in the enforcement of law, in some cor- respondence kept continually referring to honey of our "manufacture." At first we were very indignant, and resented the insin- uation that we manufactured honey; but later correspondence showed that what he had in mind by the term our " manufacture" was honey of our production— t]\^.t is, hon- ey gathered by our bees from flowers, and stored in the combs. If ever there was a ' ' red rag before a bull ' ' it is the term ' ' man- ufacture" when applied to a bee-keeper's production. cBut here was a food commissioner, who ought to have known better, who was using that term indiscriminately in his correspon- dence and in his public references; and do you wonder that the ' ' manufactured ' ' comb- honey lie keeps cropping out in the press? When food commissionex's talk about "manu- factured honey," the reporter, who "inter- views" him, of course has to make upj a story to fit, with the result that the whole bee-keeping industry is damaged by the very people, the pure-food commissioners, who are supposed to be its friends. I suppose that our political conditions, ne- cessitating a change of administration every once in a while, are responsible for this. An official no more than gets the run of things so that he understands the business in all its details than he is removed and some- body else is put in his place who has to learn the whole thing over again, in the mean time making many blunders until he becomes fa- miliar with all the diflferent kinds of food and food adulterations. SIDELIGHTS FROM THE ST. LOUIS CONVEN- TION; BEE-KEEPING IN RUSSIA. It will be remembered that Mr. Abram Titoff , a Russian apicultural expert, came to this country commissioned by his govern- ment to study American bee-keeping in all its varied phases. He first came to The A. I. Root Company's plant, and accepted a position with us as employee in our wax- working department. During this time he familiarized himself with the Weed process of foundation-making in every detail. Later on he worked in other departments. When warm weather came on he went out into the bee-yard, and became one of our most effi- cient apiarists. He proved to be not only a skillful bee-keeper but a tremendous worker. After having familiarized himself with all the different methods of queen-rearing known to the business in this country he de- sired to work with and for some prominent honey-producer in extracting honey. As the season last summer was somewhat back- ward I could think of no one but Mr. E. W. Alexander, of Delanson, N. Y., one of the most extensive bee-keepers in the world, who was having a good crop; for be it re- membered last year was a poor one in many localities. To him Mr. Titoff went with our warmest endorsement and recommendation. He come back after two months' work in the height of the season, stopped a few days, and then went on to the big national convention at St. Louis, where he gave a very interesting and exhaustive paper on Russian bee-keeping. Little has been known about bees in the greatest country of all Europe; and great was our surprise to know of the possibilities of bee-keeping in that land. Mr. Titoff started out by saying that the Americans had often expressed their surprise to him that bee-keeping should be at all practicable in his country; that there seemed to be a general opinion that it was a land of snow, ice, arctic dogs, and fur coats; that Siberia with its convicts was a land of eternal snow, cold, darkness, and horrors. This was a great myth, as he would try to show. The conditions for bee-keeping in Russia were ABRAM TITOFF. fully as favorable, he thought, as in the United States; and the demand for honey and beeswax was and would be greater, for the reason that the Greek Church in cele- brating her religious rites forbids meat be- ing eaten during the fast, and that during such times great quantities of honey were eaten; also that wax was used in immense quantities for wax candles in the church. He did not believe there was any country in the world where the possibilities for the sale of honey and the development of apiculture could be greater than in his own fatherland. Up to the 17th century bees had never been cultivated, and so honey, if secured at all, was, as one might say, the product of the chase. This one fact went to show that, because bees could thrive in a wild state all over the country, they could certainly do well under intelligent cultivation. The early history of Russian bae-keeping 1106 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 was about the same as the history of all European countries. In the beginning of the 19 th century there was a general awak- ening on the subject. One of the first to give an impetus to it was Peter I. Proko- povitch, who, in 1828, established a special school of apiculture, and for 22 years he car- ried on this work, graduating 596 students. Another energetic personality was Alex- ander M. Butleroff, who took the liveliest interest in every thing pertaining to bee- keeping. He wrote several handbooks on apiculture, which for years formed the text- books of the majority of the Russian apia- rists. He founded the Russian Journal of Apiculture, and established a model apiary at the All-Russian Exhibition at Moscow. He was instrumental in formulating the scheme for a floating apicultural exposition, which was mounted on a barge, sailing for thirty days on the river Moscowa, making ten stops to acquaint the people with scien- tific apiculture. This fioating exposition was visited by over 60,000 people. A similar exposition on the Oka River a few years later was also planned and carried into effect. In this respect I desire to add, by way of parenthesis, that Russia has gone away ahead of any other country; and the scheme of teaching apiculture or any other industry to its people by means of a floating exposi- tion whereby daily demonstrations could be made is not only novel, but something that is deserving of the emulation of other coun- tries. In the United States we have great expositions, but the people have to go hun- dreds and even thousands of miles to see them. The result is that millions of poor never have an opportunity of having their eyes opened to the wonderful possibilities of latter-day science and progress. But Russia makes it possible for every one to see— in other words, she takes "the mountain to Mahomet." RUSSIAN APICULTURAL SCHOOLS. But this was not all. An exposition for apiculture was held in Moscow in 1890. A special school for the study of bees was in- augurated in 1884. In 1896 there was estab- lished at St. Petersburg The First Society of Russian Apiculturists, several branches of it being opened in various parts of the country. This organization started a month- ly magazine, arranged for exhibitions, con- ventions of apiarists, apiaries for instruction, and courses in apiculture for teachers in the people's schools. In imitation of this organ- ization new societies were established, of which there were 38 with eight divisions, with the promise of several more in the near future. Apiculture, including both theory and practice, was taught in 80 agri- cultural schools, the teachers attending to the culture of them. In many provinces the Zemstvos (an organization consisting of elective representatives of the several class- es of population) have been active and ener- getic in the matter of elevating apiculture, inviting special experts for giving practical demonstrations, of which Mr. Abram Titoff was one before coming to this country. In this way apiculture has progressed in Russia until there are now nine journals de- voted to the pursuit. Of these, eight are in the Russian language. There are many translations from foreign languages, of such notable works as Dadant's Langstroth, Dzierzon, Berlepsch, Bertrand, Cowan, Cook, Maeterlinck, de Lay ens, and Dubini. Russia began to borrow largely from other countries of Europe; but it was not until 1892 that Russian bee-keepers knew very much about the methods employed in the United States. At that time a new journal, called the Messenger of Foreign Apicultural Literature, was edited by Mr. Kondratyeff. He traveled abroad every summer, going to Germany, France, Austria, Italy, and Switzerland. He became acquainted with the celebrated Swiss apiarist Mr. Ed. Bertrand, who frequently described Ameri- can apicultural methods in his own journal. Mr. Bertrand was always a devoted follower of the late Charles Dadant, of this counti'y. The result was that he enthused his Russian friend, Mr. Kondratyeff, with the success- ful methods employed by the Dadants, until the name "Dadant" in Russian bee-keep- ing is synonymous with progress and the frame hive. So enthusiastic over American bee-keeping did Mr. K. become that he fa- miliarized all Russia with the names of Langstroth. Dadant, Root, Miller, Benton, Doolittle, Pratt, Alley, and others. All that could be applied to Russian conditions was adopted. The ABC of Bee Culture was quoted in the columns of Mr. Kondratyeff's paper. The result of this warm champion- ship of America is that half of all the Russian bee-hives with frames are of the American Dadant style. There are over 300,000 persons engaged in bee culture in European Russia to-day, and 5,000,000 hives of bees, comprising all of Russia and her possessions. This would make a total valuation of $12,000,000. The Russians have adopted a rather novel form of selling comb honey. Beautiful tin boxes, lithographed in colors, are made of various sizes. Great cards of honey are produced in extracting-frames, and from these are sliced out chunks just large enough to go inside of the tin box. These are put out under the name of "Exquisite," selling at the fancy price of 25 and 30 cents each. But of thfse I shall have more to say later on, for illustrations are now in progress. It is my opinion that, notwithstanding Russia has learned much of America, there is much for us to learn from Russia. Mr. Abram Titoff expects to go back to his own country after visiting other lands, and intro- duce modern methods, and possibly establish a factory for manufacturing bee-keepers' supplies— something that is urgently needed in Russia. If he does, he will take back with him American machinery, and probably to a very great extent American methods. Mr. Titoff 's paper, while long, was listened to with interest; and at its conclusion a. hearty vote of thanks was tendered to him and his government. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1107 A HOUSE APIARY 56 YEARS OLD In Good State of Preservation ; a Pecan-tree 88 Years Old ; a Grove of Catalpas ; an Interesting Article. BY FRANK M'GLADE. The farm on which these pictures were made is in Warren Co., three miles east of Lebanon, O., and is owned by Edmond Wood. It was entered by his grandfather, who came from New Jersey in 1804, and has been in the family 100 years. Jerry Wood, son of the elder Mr. Wood, and father of the present owner, owned the farm after his father's death, and died there a few years ago. He was the bee-keeper, and built the house in 1848—56 years ago. It was built of the fin- est quality of oak timber, and cost .$700, with- out any furniture. It is 70 feet long, 9 feet wide, and 10 feet high. A hall 2J feet wide runs the length of the building, in the center; the posts are 3 inches square, and carefully mortised. There are 4 rows of these posts, just far enough apart to receive and allow front. You can see a cleat on the side. The bottom is loose, and held by 4 wire hooks. The present owner, who kindly showed us the "fixin's" and gave us the information, is standing behind the hive. This picture was made to show that tree, a southern pecan, planted there in 1816, and which is 88 years old. It is 7 feet in diameter, over 75 feet high, and not a sign of a dead branch on it. It bears fruit every year. The 4 stakes you see leaning against it are the posts of a New Jersey bedstead. On the right you see a few of the Langstroth hives, most of them empty, as Mr. Wood takes more to farming than he does to bees. Fig. 3 is a sectional view at close range. Fig. 4 is a view of an orchard of catalpa- trees on the place. There are 5 acres. The trees are set exactly in straight rows, about 12 feet apart each way. There are about 700 of them set out 15 years ago; are over 30 feet high, and 9 inches in diameter. About half of them are Japan catalpas; the rest are American. Those in the foreground are the Japan. If you look closely toward the north side you can see the difference, the ^ r FIG. 1. — WEST SIDE OF THE BEE-HOUSE. the hives to hang freely between them. Strips were fastened on the posts, and strips on the sides of the hives; then the hive was slipped in from the hall inside, and swung or hung on the cleats. The house holds about 150 hives, and was built for the Wick patent hive. Mr. Wood bought the right in 1840, and had over 300 of them made and in use at one time. There were no frames about it. The honey was stored above the brood-chamber, in boxes. Two doors in the rear of each hive opened into the hall, and allowed of handling. Some years they got 4000 lbs. of surplus honey. The whole thing, however, proved unsatis- factory, and the bees were all changed to the Langstroth hive, and the hives are hanging there to-day just as they were left by the owner, not more than a dozen having bees in them. Fig. 1 shows the west side of the bee- house, with the only door in the north end. Fig. 2 shows the east side, with a hive in common kind being smaller, crookeder, and more sprawly. Mr. Wood said the flowers furnished much pasture for bees; and after the bloom had fallen they continued to work in the trees a long time. It would be well worth any man's time to go and see these things, and many more of which I will not write. The farm is an up- to-date one, and shows that its former own- ers were men of extraordinary mental ability as well as executive. That large tree stands there as a guard to watch over the things until they return; but they are gone, to return no more. Silence reigns. This bee-house has a wonderful fascination for me that words fail to describe and only a bee-keeper can know. As I gaze upon it my mind goes back through the fleeting years, and I see Mr. Wood, in the strong vigor of manhood, fashioning it with his own hands to suit his own fancies. What joy and plea- sure he had in anticipation of what was to 1108 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1. come, as it began to dawn upon him what could be done with bees, as the great book of nature opened to him as he turned leaf by leaf, each one revealing some new thing, and leading him further into the great mysteri- ous field of knowledge that it is the lot of only a few to explore! I see him put in the hives. They fit; then the bees; they fit too. Then comes the "good old summer time," a crop of white clover, loaded with nectar, honey coming in until all those boxes are full of great white slabs of honey. It was long before the days of the extractor, or sec- tions. As he seats himself after dinner in the shade out in the yard, he sees them come and go; or when the day is ended, the even- ing shades gather, and he seats himself to rest and muse, under the magic influence of the great hum which came from all those hives. That sound has a lulling efi'ect; he hears conversation in the hives; hears them telling of the events of the day, how hard they work, how many trips this one made, one telling of how he made a mistake and got in the wrong hive— heard him telling how the hive was just the same inside as ours; heard— when "ma" came to the door, and he heard " Pa ! are you going to sit out there all night? come in and go to bed. Do you know it is after 10 o'clock?" Then come the years of failure, when the great God of the universe dries up the secret springs of the flowers; their paps are empty; the bees go not to the fields as in other years, but stay at home and behave in a way that tells him that even they are fearful of and obedient unto Him who made them and pro- vides for them. And so we come on down through the 60's, with their war prices for honey; the 70's FIG. 2.— EAST SIDE OF THE HOUSE; PECAN-TREE 88 YEARS OLD. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1109 come, and he begins to hear of A. I. Root, Medina, O. ; of the extractor; sends for one; hears of foundation; sends for it, hears of Gleanings; sends for it, and, lo! a new realm opens before him. But the march of time is far along with him, as seen in the faltering step and dimmed eye. A lack of interest shows itself in the yard. He ceases to be seen, and they carry him away and lay him down in peace. But the tree is left— left alone. They were young together, much in each other's company; used to each other's ways; in its loneliness the winter winds moan through its branches, the summer breezes sigh as they pass through it, as though its great heart were breaking because its companion came not, and yet it rears its stately head hke some mighty sentinel guarding a sacred trust; spreads its great arms in protection and shelter; and as the years roll by, and the seasons come and go, it stands there, defy- FIG. 3.— VIEW OF BEE-HIVES IN THE HOUSE AT CLOSE RANGE 1110 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 ing the blasts of winter or the storms of summer, ever intent on the one thing, guard- ing that house, watching out toward the north for his coming; but he will come no more. Jerry Wood is gone from the farm— gone from the neighborhood; and as I turn to finish packing my last hive for winter I realize that I too shall go away some day, and then "Whose shall these things be?" Pataskala, Ohio. PICKLED BROOD. Starvation Plan Not a Cure; how the Introduc- tion of New Queens does Effect a Cure; are Italians More Immune to the Dis- ease than Blacks? BY C. F. BENDER. There has been a great deal written on the diseases of bees, especially "pickled brood," by those who have had only a limit- ed among the weaker colonies which were needing room. These combs had all been soaked in the same vessel in the attempt to remove the old pollen ; the colonies which received them took the disease without ex- ception. I sent samples to Dr. Howard, who pro- nounced the trouble to be pickled brood in a very malignant form, as I had already de- cided for myself. Every one assured me it was not serious; that it would disappear of itself, even if left entirely alone. A few cases did finally get well without treatment, but there was another cause for that, as will be noticed later on. In general, mat- ters grew rapidly worse, so that by June 15 I had thirty affected colonies, about a dozen of them with little or no healthy brood in the hive. In the worst ones the old bees disappeared rapidly also, and they were soon reduced to mere nuclei. I first tried feeding medicated syrup, and the treated' ones grew much better while the -M FIG. 4. —A GROVE OF JAPAN AND AMERICAN CATALPA-TREES. ed experience. Having succeeded in getting rid of the disease for a time, they suppose the cure to be permanent, and proceed to describe their success in the bee-journals. Indeed, I think that I was guilty of some- thing very much like that myself. But two years' study of the disease, and the condi- tions producing it, has finally brought a so- lution of the trouble, which seems to me to be the only true one. It has been given a rather severe test this summer, and has never failed so far. I am pretty sure the disease was generat- ed in my own apiary. The first year I could find no cases in the neighborhood outside my own yard, and I had received no bees from abroad which could have introduced it. I had a lot of moldy combs that spring, and about the 10th of May these were distribut- feeding lasted, but no longer. The second experiment was shaking them on to clean combs which had been thoroughly fumigated with formaldehyde. This, like the other, seemed to work all right at first; but the disease reappeared sooner or later in every colony so treated, and at the same time con- tinued to spread in the rest of the apiary. It seemed to me that heroic measures were in order; so I proceeded to shake every col- ony in the yard on foundation, 'starved them three days, and then fed them sugar syrup until the combs were built out. The honey- flow came on about this time, and for the next six weeks every thing was fair and lovely. I had burned the hives out with a paint-burner, melted up the old combs, burned the frames, fumigated the honey- house, and, lastly, destroyed my smoker. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1111 veil, and bee-suit. Every stand of bees within two miles had been examined and found to be healthy, so there seemed no chance for reinfection. T. Well, when the honey-flow was over they took it again. Thirty out of the sixty-two hives showed dead brood inside of three months— not so much as before the shaking, but enough to make them decidedly weak before winter came on. The winter was very severe, and the losses everywhere were heavy. My own loss was just 50 per cent, including the greater part of the diseased ones. May 1, 1904, I had thirty stands of bees left, mostly diseased nuclei. There were five strong and healthy colonies in the lot, all pure Italians, and all of the same strain of bees. I had noticed the previous season that the severity of the cases seemed to be in direct proportion to the amo\mt of black blood. I had never heard Italianizing mentioned as a remedy; but as it seemed to be fhe last chance I decided to buy pure queens for the whole lot as soon as I could get them. Im- mediately after the honey-flow they were all requeened from the stock that seemed to be immune. None of them were treated in any way except that all were fed for a week before the queens were given. Some of them were a mere mass of disease. The in- fected combs were left in the hives, but the worst ones were unqueened ten days in ad- vance, to give the bees a chance to clean out the dead brood. The new stock was introduced mostly dur- ing the months of July and August, at a time when the disease would otherwise have been nearly at its worst. There was in every case a rapid decrease in the amount of dead brood; and all except the worst cases were perfectly healthy inside of two weeks. Within four weeks I could not find a cell of the disease in the yard. They have remain- ed healthy up the present time, Nov. 1, and I expect no further trouble so long as I keep only pure Italians. Now a few words in regard to the causes of this loss of brood. I am satisfied that it is an infectious disease, as Dr. Howard says, caused primarily by the use of moldy pollen. But there are other factors which must also be present to start the infection— notably, cool weather, scarcity of stores, old combs, and black blood in the bees. If the other factors are eliminated the moldy pol- len is perfectly harmless, or even the combs filled with dead brood. In other words, if the larvae are kept warm and well fed, the mold has no efi^ect on them. The black bees are easily discouraged, and neglect or starve the brood when unfavorable weather and lack of stores come on; and if the mold is present the disease is started in that hive, from which it is readily carried to others. It does not seem to spread very far; indeed, it hardly spreads at all except to neighbor- ing hives. Of two apiaries within a fourth of a mile of my own, one was healthy and the other had one case, after I had had the disease two years. I have bought the little apiary with the one diseased colony, and at the present writing all the bees near here are healthy. Newman, 111. [I have read all you have to say on this subject with much interest; and while I know it has been reported by the foul-brood inspectors of New York that Italians are more immune to black brood than blacks, yet, in the case of pickled brood, such im- munity is not yet proven. I am of the opin- ion that, if you had introduced ordinary hy- brid or black bees of a heathy strain (of course killing off the old queens), you would have secured the same result. Mr. A. J. Halter, whose article follows next, effected a cure, but he does not say what stock he had that was diseased. He is a very pro- gressive bee-keeper— one who, like yourself, has studied this subject very carefully. I think his bees are mainly Italians, and yet they were subject to the disease. He in- troduced new blood, and, presto! the cure was effected. It would he a very interest- ing fact, to queen-breeders at least, if it could be proven that Italians would resist pickled brood more than other stock. I, therefore, call on our subscribers who have had experience with the disease to let us know whether their Italians have been more immune to it than their other stock. — Ed.] EXPERIMENTS WITH PICKLED BROOD. During the apple-bloom I bought a dozen colonies from a neighbor about two miles distant, the hives containing a good surplus of honey after wintering. When locating them among my bees I transferred them in more convenient hives, setting a few of the old combs in the open air for the bees to clean out before rendering into wax. Later I removed said colonies to an out-apiary. When clover had been in bloom for at least ten days I noticed dead larvae in both api- aries scattered here and there, beginning in the strongest colonies. Thinking at first the honey in the old combs which I had set out started the disease, I examined the colonies bought, but did not find any trace of it.-; ap- pearance, although later several colonies had a light attack while almost all the other colonies were aft'ected. About two weeks after its discovery I made shook swarms from a number of the dis- eased colonies, starting bees on foundation, placing frames with brood and honey from various hives with a few adhering bees away by themselves, letting them rear queens, all brood hatching before young queens began to lay. Mr. E. W. Alexander, Delanson, N. Y., I believe, used this method to requeen for cure of black brood. The latter proved a success— no indications of reappearance. In the former it reap- peared, almost more severely than at first, being obliged to remove the queen in one or two instances to avoid further destruction. It also seemed more severe in colonies run for extracted honey, as very nearly every new frame in the upper story, where the 1112 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 queen had access, showed dead larvae. I did not feed any colonies during the attack, using nature's own product to define the cause, and I believe I feel justified in stating that thin unripe honey fed to larv£e during unfavorable weather conditions has a ten- dency to bring on the disease. Whether the disease can be attributed to feed alone, or to germs of a bacterial na- ture, future developments may determine more definitely. A. J. Halter. Akron, 0., Sept. 20. [See footnote to preceding article. —Ed.] WHY YOUNG BEES DO NOT BEGIN FIELD WORK. Do the Hairs over the Eyes Obscure Vision at an Early Age? BY ARTHUR C. MILLER. On page 846 Dr. E. F. Phillips had an in- teresting article giving a theory as to why bees do not begin field work at an early age. He attributed it to imperfect vision, due to the eyes being covered with hairs. Several considerations at once present themselves to cast doubt on the tenability of such a theory. We know very little as to the action of bees' eyes, particularly as to how much light is needed to convey distinct images to their perception. We know that they do many things in nearly absolute darkness, and we do not know whether they work under such condition entirely by touch or by some sixth sense, or whether they also use sight. We know how distinct an image we can get on a sensitive plate from the light admitted through a very small pin-hole, and we also know how much we can see with our eyes when looking through a minute aperture. The hairs do not shut off all light; they are not so dense but that the bee can see through them, for we can see the bee's eye, and the bee has the advantage of having its eye close to the apertures. But the greatest of all objections to Dr. Phillips' theory is the fact that at swarm- ing time bees of all ages, even to those too weak to use their wings, rush forth with the swarm, and all, except the weaklings, take flight and go safely and surely, and show every evidence of good usable eyesight. This applies to virgin queens, to drones, and to workers. I think it reasonable to assume that eyesight is not the cause of lack of early flight, or at most is only a slightly con- tributing cause. On emergence from the cell the bee is not perfect. Even to the unaided eye this is evi- dent. It is small, weak, and unable to use its wings, and evinces almost no efi'ort to do so when tumbled from the comb. Structu- rally, the bee is perhaps nearly complete; but it takes many hours of stretching (if I may use the term) before the abdomen assumes normal dimensions; before the bee can walk firmly and steadily; and still longer before the bee can fly. Surely this indicates imma- turity. I think it was the English naturalist Hun- ter, who, about 1780, showed the great dif- ference in the capacity and activity of the stomach of the young from that of the ol 1 or field bee. In view of this, together with what we know of the gi'adual change in the habit of the bee as time elapses, is it not a more plausible theory to attribute the chang- ing activities to gradual functional changes within the bee's body, rather than to the mere shedding of a few hairs? Changes in manner of living, due to organic changes, are very numerous in the animal world. Perhaps, after all, the bee is not so far re- moved from mankind but that she is led in divers ways simply by a precocious appetite. Providence, R. I., Oct. 10. [I raised the same question about young bees flying with the swarm, and flying out for a playspell in front of the hives. Dr. Phillips met me half way by saying that we old bee-keepers did not, he thought, realize how much the bees depended on their very acute sense of smell for performing their work. He called my attention to the fact that bees would seem to follow robbers through the air direct to the spot where the stolen sweets were to be obtained. He be- lieved that young bees could follow their older sisters in the air by the mere sense of smell. Perhaps I have not quoted the doctor cor- rectly; but if not, he is at liberty to set him- self right. I grant that there is consider- able force to your argument, that young bees during the first few days are very immature; and whether blind or on account of obscure vision they probably could not go forth into the open air immediately. Possibly there is a double reason— obscure vision and gener- al weakness — that keeps young bees at home. — Ed.] CLEANING PROPOLIS OFF FROM SEPARA- TORS, FENCES, T TINS, ETC. A Valuable Aiticle. BY EMMA WILSON. In the A B C, p. 224, Emma Wilson tells of cleaning separators with concentrated lye. Can we have her tell us in Gleanings if it proved a success, and if they still use the plan? E. G. Carr. New Egypt, N. J., Oct. 29, 1904. [This was referred to Miss Wilson, who replies. — Ed.] In reply to Mr. Carr I would say that, so far as removing the propolis was concerned, it was a success; but the separators curled badly in drying. Of course, this difficulty might have been overcome bj'^ putting them in a press; but as new ones were not very I expensive we preferred to buy new rather ^ than fuss cleaning the old. In the case of ;■„ fence separators it is different, as they are too expensive to throw away; and, although A I have not tried it, it is pretty certain that *s! they will not curl as the plain separators did. M 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1113 The plain separatoi* is simply a very thin piece of wood, 3^ inches wide, and. without any restraining influence when drying, will curl much as a piece of paper would; and the wider the separator the more chance to cui'l. The parts of the fence are narrow, giving less chance to curl, and they are held in place by the cross-pieces. It would be an easy thing to pile evenly in a pile a lot of fences after cleaning them, laying a weight upon them; and, if allowed to remain thus until perfectly dry, it would seem they should be just as straight as when new. Of course, glued separators could not be cleaned in this way; but I understand that the fences are now nailed so that the fence of 1905 can be dipped in hot water or lye without injury. One great objection to the fence separator has been the difficulty of cleaning it properly; and if this can be done away with it will be a big item. Having had no little experience in clean- ing T tins, it may be worth while for me to suggest how I think fences should be cleaned. You can do the work in a wash-boiler on the cook-stove; but it will be much better if you can have a large iron kettle, such as are used at hog-killing time, and formerly at soap-making, having it over a fire built out- doors. This gives you all outdoors to muss in, and no cleaning up afterward. Fill your kettle a little more than half full of water; and when it comes to a boil add three cans of concentrated lye, pouring it in very carefully and slowly, because the lye is very likely to boil over. Now put in as many fences as will go in the kettle without being too much crowded, for there must be room for the fences to be moved about a little in the kettle. This can be done with a four-tined pitchfork, slowly stirring the fences up and down, so that the lye can get at all parts, and so that the movement shall wash off the loosened pro- pohs. If the lye is strong enough, a very few minutes will suffice to clean them thorough- ly, and they can be lifted out with the fork into a tub of clear rinsing water, then out of the rinsing water in the same way, and piled up to dry as before suggested. Whenever the solution acts too slowly, more of the concentrated lye must be added, and water must also be added as fast as needed. See that the water is kept hot all the time. Marengo, 111. NEW GENERIC NAMES FOR HONEY-BEES. BY FRANK BENTON (Apicultural Investigator. United States Department oj Agriculture). One of the entomologists connected with the United States National Museum, Dr. William H. Ashmead, has been making a comparison of the various exotic honey-bees that have been received at the Museum, and, as a result of his study of their structure, has written an article entitled "Remarks on Honey-bees," which was published May 20, 1904, in the Proceedings of the Entomo- logical Society of Washington, Vol. VI. No. 2. Mr. Ashmead says: "The old genus Apis should, I think, be divided into two genera, representing the two sections first defined by Smith, as follows: " Eyes somewhat convergent above, so that the ver- tex is narrowed, the lateral ocelli being farther from each other than to the eye margin; second recurrent nervure received by the third cubital cell very near its apex . , . . Megapis, n. gen. {Type: Apis dorsata Fabr.) " Eyes not convergent above, the vertex not narrow- ed, the lateral ocelli not farther from each other than to the eye margin; second recurrent nervure received by the third cubital cell some distance from its apex Apis Linne. (Type: Apis mellifera L.)" It is thus seen that our ordinary Apis dorsata, known under the common name of the giant bee of India, has, on account of structural differences which Mr. Ashmead considers important enough to give it ge- neric rank, been placed in a new genus which he has named Megapis, the meaning of which is, large bee. Mr. Ashmead recog- nizes, in this new genus which he has erect- ed, two species, Megapis zonati Smith, and Megapis dorsata Fabricius. The first of these is found in the Philippines, and in the Island of Celebes, and is a dark bee with the first two segments of the abdomen edged with a narrow band of light color. The body is somewhat more black than that of dorsata. The latter shows broad, bright, orange-colored bands across the abdomen, varying somewhat in different regions, al- most the entire abdomen, in some cases, be- ing orange-yellow, while in others the yel- low shows on only three segments. It is recorded from India, Java, Ceylon, Borneo, Malay Archipelago, and the Philippines. In the old genus Apis Mr. Ashmead rec- ognizes seven species, namely: Apis mellif- era Linnaeus; in all parts of the world (in- troduced). A. cerana Fabricius; Japan and China. A. Indica Fabricius; India. A. ni- grocincta Smith; India, China, Malay Penin- sula, and the Philippines. A. nigritarum Lepeletier; Africa. A. unicolor Latreille; Madagascar. A. florea Fabricius; India. While placing this last, which is the tiny East-Indian honey-bee, under the genus Apis for the present, Mr. Ashmead is really of the opinion that it should be put in a genus by itself, since it has structural char- acters which differentiate it greatly from the genus Apis as now restricted. He pro- poses, therefore, to erect for it the genus Micrapis (small apis). While many who have examined these va- rious types of bees may not be entirely agreed with Mr. Ashmead in his conclusions, especially as regards the species which he has seen fit to recognize under the genus Apis, still the subdivision of the hive or honey-bees into three distinct genera is a very natural one, and the pronounced char- acteristics which differentiate them would make it appear that the three general di- visions will hold, so that hereafter we shall 1114 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 have all honey-bees grouped under Megapis, Apis, and Micrapis. Washington, D. C., Sept. 20, 1904. TROPICAL NOTES. The Possibilities of Bee-keeping in the Islands. BY W. K. MORRISON. Fine brass wire is best for wiring frames in the tropics; but it is a trouble to get it fine enough from local hardware firms. In many parts of the West Indies the honey season can be lengthened out by car- rying the bees to the mountains. The time to carry them is when the lowlands have be- come parched during the dry season. It rains more in the mountains. The combs must be wired for transport. Alfalfa has been grown in the island of Grenada as an experiment for several years; and Mr. Jordan, the present agricultural in- structor, has succeeded in growing it in Montserrat. There is a dry arid portion of Jamaica where it would probably grow well if irrigated. Alfalfa grows in immense fields around Bogota, the capital of Colom- bia. Cypress is by long odds the superior of white pine for tropical use. Pine will last a long while if it is carefully protected from the rain, and kept up off from the ground. Hot melted beeswax brushed on a roof-board is a great protection. Boots may be ren- dered almost impervious to moisture if the seams are brushed with hot beeswax. Har- ness-dressing in rainy countries should con- tain a considerable amount of beeswax or it is of but little use. For obvious reasons frozen honey is not popular in these latitudes, and it does not matter to us how it is cut. But good con- fectionery can be made with honey as a base; and where chocolate grows on the trees it ought to be easy to make a good confection. Two Ideal supers with shallow extracting- frames and a zinc honey-board in between make a splendid wax-producing hive; and if the colony is fed a little in times of scarcity it is wonderful the amount of wax one colo- ny can produce fixed up in this way. Don't feed too fast. In the southern parts of South America are immense areas covered with the car- doon, a giant thistle which is a great bee- plant. It grows as tall as a man on horse- back, and it is a difficult proposition to ride through. The cardoon is an excellent veg- etable, but the Southerners have too much of it. There are some ideal locations for bees in the Bahamas; but life on a coral island is " awfully " lonely, and yet it was there that Columbus first set his foot in the new world. Probably the islands were more populous then than now. Lippia, Lantayia, century plant, and mangrove are some of the lead- ing honey-plants. Panama is all right for American bee- keepers, provided they don't like whisky, gin, or schnapps. The best place is the city of Panama. It is not much of a place for ladies. Beeswax is selling at $35 to $37 per 112 lbs. in London. This means nearly $750 for a ton of beeswax, and opens up a wonderful vista to tropical bee-masters who understand wax-production. Some late shipments of logwood honey brought $9.00 per cwt. in London. This is a fair price, but no more than the worth of the article. The chief competitors are al- falfa honey from Chili, and sage honey from California. The latter can get a dollar more. Barbados may yet become a honey coun- try, as the cultivation of cotton is rapidly extending. Barbados is probably the clean- est-cultivated country on the whole globe. Even on the roadside not a weed is seen. Anybody trying to introduce sweet clover into Barbados would fail. It would be pull- ed out by the roots at once and fed to the goats. Increase is easy in warm latitudes— feed sugar syrup, and the bees will swarm right along; the same if you want queens— just feed— they'll come. There are no tame bees in Cayenne, French Guiana, as yet. It is a grand country; and surely if the French are worth their salt they ought to see about this at once. If they didn't pull the buds of the clove-trees they could have clove honey. An American bee-keeper would beheve himself in heaven if he were suddenly transported to the banks of the Oyapok. It is beautiful beyond com- pare, and no priority rights to be considered either. . The writer can indorse Mr. Woodward's views of West-Indian apiculture to the let- ter. Nothing will destroy the chances of the tropical honey industry quicker than the employment of cheap labor. It means bad results in every way. It requires skilled in- telligent labor here as well as in Ohio. The only place to employ cheap labor is in wheel- ing the hand barrow and turning the crank of the extractor. Bee-keeping is admirably suited to white-skinned folks in the tropics for several reasons. If there is danger of a hurricane, nail on your bottoms and tops, and set the hives on the ground. The writer did this in a hurri- cane, and came through it without the loss of a colony. It is a pity some one does not import Apis Indica to these parts. It ought to succeed admirably in the West Indies. It is a small- er bee than ours, and the frames would re- quire closer spacing. Regular worker foun- dation is converted into drone comb. Some bee-keepers object to the shortened top-bai'. They should drive the staples into the top-bar if it is too short for their use. A small glue-pot, some wax, and a camel- hair brush are very nice to have when fast- ening foundation into shallow frames. Some people don't know this, and make sticks to wedge it in. Wax holds foundation better than wedges. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1115 Wires may be imbedded into foundation by gravity. If the fi'ames are laid flat for some time the foundation will eventually imbed itself if the weather is warm— not too warm. Practice will show when the condi- tions are right. In some parts of the West Indies bees use wax instead of propolis to close up all spaces. It seems they can't get the latter substance very readily. The weather being always warm, the propolis does not hold hard, hence the use of the Hofl'man frame. There are small apiaries on nearly all of the Grenadine islands, though some are no larger than a common American farm. The largest is 3000 acres small. They would be grand places to breed queens if there were a way to ship them when bred. The inhab- itants also hunt whales and breed ponies. The Virgin Islets also have some bee-keep- ers, so also have the Caicos Islands, where mangrove cuts a figure. The Turks Islands have no bees, for there are no flowers there except in flower-pots. The fine little island of Curacao has some bee-keepers. Uncle Sam may yet own this little island, as the Dutch are talking about selling out some of their tropical possessions. It is Dutch from the ground up. It would suit the United States admirably, as it is a healthy little country. OUR HO Ivies, BY. A. K ROOT. Father, forgive them ; for they know not what they do. -Luke 23: 34. This Home paper is to be mostly incidents from the talks at the recent five-days' ses- sion of the Anti-saloon League at Columbus. Monday and Tuesday, Nov. 14 and 15, the time was devoted to the Ohio Anti-saloon League— the other three days to the Na- tional League. By way of introduction, let me say this was one of the largest and most enthusiastic meetings ever held by this or- ganization. There was no chance for any one in that gathering of thousands to get sleepy or dull, because the speakers were greeted almost constantly by the clapping of hands, shouts of "amen!" "that's so!" etc. From beginning to end it was one un- interrupted series of rejoicings. One mem- ber would get up and say that his State was all dry except certain counties, say half a dozen or a dozen out of nearly a hundred. A delegate from Vermont held up a map which had all the dry counties in white and the wet ones in black. He said, "Friends, this is the map I showed you a year ago, and I said at the time we were going to work hard to make a lot of those black spots come out white another year." Just at this point he let his map drop, which unfolded a new map just above it, both maps being thus exposed to the view of the audience, and, sure enough, more than half of the black spots were made white; and, oh what rejoicing! Hon. Charles E. Littlefield, from Maine, gave us a great array of facts and figures relative to prohibition in Maine. I have not space for a tenth part of them, but will give one item as nearly as I can from mem- ory. He mentioned quite a number of prom- inent States in the Union, giving the con- sumption of liquor per capita. If I i-emem- ber rightly, several States showed some- thing like eight or ten dollars per annum for every man, woman, and child. I think Ohio had about $2.00 or a little over; and the av- erages all along were from $1.00 up to eight or ten times that much, as I have said. But in Maine it takes only four cents to furnish drinks ' ' for a year for every man, wo- man, and child. If I am correct, no other State in the Union comes anywhere near such a record. Then he told us of the re- sults of such a degree of prohibition. These figures came from the United States Reve- nue Department, and can not be much out of the way. You will remember that Er- nest, in his recent trip, corroborated this statement in regard to Maine. At some town in Ohio they have recently had a hard fight, and the saloon-keepers boycotted a certain shoe-dealer because he took such a prominent stand against the "rummies; " but when the temperance peo- ple found it out the matter was talked up, and they sent out into the country among the farmers. One well-to-do man got so full of enthusiasm that he took his big team and hay-rack, and went all around the coun- try hunting up poor families who were short of good shoes for winter. He took his load into the town, drove up before the shoe- store, and had this dealer, whose trade had dropped off to such an extent that he was in real trouble, fit out the whole load of juve- niles. This got into the papers, and not only farmers but everybody else who loved temperance and righteousness flocked into that shoestore, and even bought shoes they did not need just then, to show their good will. This was carried on to such an extent that the shoe-dealer, before he knew it, was faced with almost empty shelves, and was obliged to send on for a fresh stock of the very latest up-to-date goods. But you should have heard the cheering and words of praise to God for this report. Now, dear readers, is it not possible that you can do something along the same line to help along a righteous war in your own neighborhood? for we have abundant evi- dence that this same crusade is going on everywhere. Many of the Southern States are leaving us in the North away behind. In talking with a relative of mine in Xenia, where they have had a big conflict, not only in making a city of 10,000 inhabitants dry by law, but in cleaning out the police and other oflficers who were determined not to enforce the law, he told me that he had for years past had trouble in collecting his rents. He owns 23 diff'erent houses that are rented to people of moderate means. Well, since the 1116 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 saloons have been abolished from the city (and those who attempted to sell illegally have been repeatedly brought to grief) he says not a single tenant has failed to pay up his rent promptly. When the saloons were running, drunkenness was his worst trouble. He was not only obliged to keep dismissing renters because of intemperance, but he lost a good deal of money every time a change was made. Now for my text and my story. Rev. Charles Mitchell, pastor of the First M. E. Church of Cleveland, 0., said some- thing as follows: "When I first commenced in the ministry I started in a little place in Kansas. In my boyish simplicity I very soon opened up without fear or favor on the saloon-keepers in our town. Pretty soon the proprietor of one of the oldest and worst saloons came to me and spoke about as follows: 'Young man, I confess I had rather taken a liking to you. You came in among us in a friend- ly sort of way, and went to work in right good earnest, and we all liked you. Now, I am an older man than you, and I have had some experience, and I should like to give you a little advice.' After a little more friendly and patronizing talk he wound up by saying, ' Now, young man, after this you attend to your own damn business, and I will attend to mine.' " The young minister waited a little to catch his breath and to straighten up at such an insult, not only to himself but to God's peo- ple as well, and then replied: ' ' Yes, you will no doubt continue, my old friend, to attend to your own damnable busi- ness ; and I want to tell you, too, that, so long as you do this, I will fight you and all the rest of your class just so long as God shall give me breath. " The speaker smiled pleasantly while he added, "As I have grown older it may be I have learned to be a little more careful, and perhaps not quite so vehement as when I was a boy; but I think I have kept my pledge pretty well in fighting this business from that time up to the present day." It is well known there is a law in Cleve- land, the home of this pastor, against hav- ing saloons open on Sunday; but he closed with a tone indicative of sadness by saying, "Dear friends, I do not know of a single saloon in the great city of Cleveland that is now kept closed on God's holy day. Some people complain because we say the saloon- keeper is a law-breaker. He can not suc- ceed in his business without breaking the law. How does that statement look? " One of the delegates from York State told us about going to a town to deliver a temperance lecture. The only hotel in the place contained a bar-room. The proprietor was so busy in said bar-room he could hard- ly be spared long enough to attend to a guest, even though that guest was a minis- ter who was to stay with him over Sunday. Our friend was given a room right over the bar. The carousing was so great during the night he could not sleep. He finally got up and went down to see what was going on. The whole gang was too drunk to notice him or to pay any attention to him. In his sermon the next Sunday morning he gave the full particulars, and called on the people of his congregation to take immediate steps to enforce the law and bring that hotel- keeper to a realizing sense of what he was doing. The inn-keeper did not go to church, of course; but the sermon got to his ears before the good pastor reached the hotel- door when he came home to dinner. Our friend of the bar was by the doorstep, and was going to forbid the pastor entering. He said, " I do not like such treatment. I will sue you at the law for damaging my house and my reputation." But the Anti-saloon workers are generally men of pretty good courage. The man of God faced him and said, " My good friend, if I were you I think I would put on my good behavior just now, and be as quiet and civil as possible. You know as well as I do that you are breaking the law; and if you get off without prosecution you may consider your- self very lucky indeed." This, of course, cooled down our irate friend, and he put it more mildly. "But, my good sir, our regular parson and myself are good friends. He does not pitch into me and abuse me in that kind of way." "Very true," was the reply. "Your parson is obliged to live here with you, and, to tell the truth, I am sorry for him ; but / am a stranger. I shall soon go aWay and never see you again, perhaps. I am exactly the one to tell you these plain truths, and I tell them for your own good, my dear sir; and I tay to do my duty well and faithfully before God." Our worker was allowed to go in and get his dinner; but just as he was about to leave, the landlady came to the door and called, "Wait a minute, elder. I want to say to you, before you go, that you have a lot of friends out ^ere in the kitchen. We women- folks are right with you; and if you had only had the courage to say to my hus- band when you first came last night what you said this morning, that shameful scene of last night would have never happened. Come again whenever you call this way. ' ' Let us now consider a minute these two saloon-keepers — first the man who, with such a poor comprehension of the sacred caUing of a minister of the gospel that he could say to him, "You attend to your damn business," and then this other one. At first our blood boils over with indignation to think that educated and refined men among God's ministering servants should be sub- ject to such abuse as this. But when we reflect a little more, does it riot indicate that these poor fellows are to be pitied as well as blamed? While we pray for them and the class they represent, can we not say, in the language of our text, ' ' Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do"? Supt. E. S. Chapman, D.D., LL.D., of 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1117 California, who is sometimes called "Fa- ther Eloquent," on account of his wide ce- lebrity as an orator, gave us perhaps the most thrilling and powerful argument of the whole session of five days. I will try in my feeble way to give you one of his strong points. Not long ago one of his daughters went to San Francisco to meet some friends. For some reason nobody at that special time was on hand to meet her at the depot, without any particular thought in regard to the matter, she showed her card to a fine- appearing young man who stood near, and who did not seem to be in such a hurry as some of the rest. He was very affable and polite, and he told her it would give him but very little trouble to go with her to her friend's, for it was not far away. Before they got out of sight, however, an old man hurried after them and called out " Stop! " At this the young lady turned around. The old gentleman, somewhat out of breath, said, "Young lady, this man is a villain. Come away from him this minute or you will get into trouble. ' ' The young fellow began to show some signs of indignation; but the elderly man si- lenced him by a word, and he slunk out of sight as soon as possible. The old man then took the girl where she wished to go, and explained to her that it was right in an op- posite direction. The speaker said he wish- ed to digress a little to explain that this younger man was what is called a "procur- er. ' ' In our large cities there are thousands of them employed. A few years ago he was in a city where a number of men were sit- ting out in front of a hotel. It was in the afternoon, and a great many women were passing along the street in front of the group. A young man well dressed and of pleasing manners sat there in conversation with the rest. All at once he started up and followed after a girl who passed. The older man said to the rest of the crowd something as follows: "Did you see that young man start up all of a sudden? Yes. "Well, let me tell you something about him. He gets big pay from a certain insti- tution here in the city. Young as he looks, he is an old hand in the business. He has learned by studying human nature, and par- ticularly by studying girls, that there are cer- tain ones he can approach without getting into trouble. He has learned by long experience so he can tell by a girl's actions and by her looks whether she is likely to be the one he wants. Now, what I am saying need not reflect on the girl's character at all. It is the innocent and unsuspecting he is after— those who have not learned the ways of the world, and he catches on to this by their air and manner. He will contrive in some way to get on speaking terms with the girl he has just followed. He will spend weeks and may be months in getting acquainted with her if she seems to be cautious. He will give fictitious references in regard to him- self and family, for his employers see there is no lack of any thing that money can buy. Do you ask how he can sit around dressed up in fine clothes, and spend his time in this way? Well, let me explain to you that he sometimes gets five hundred dollars for a single successful intrigue of this kind." With the above explanation Bro. Chap- man proceeded with his argument. "Now, friends, suppose I had been near when my daughter started off with that young fellow. I am an old man. I have neither strength nor muscle. Suppose this young chap laughed at me when 1 made a protest. Would some of you tell me that it was not worth while to make such a fuss about it ? Suppose they would say, ' Why, this thing is going on every day. They have got money and means, and it is no use for us to try to help ourselves. They are young and strong. We are feeble old men, and have only a lot of women to help us. ' Why, if I should come here on this stage and tell you I gave up because the fellow was too strong for me, and had too many others around him, you would hiss me out of the room. It is my duty as a father to give my life to save my daughter, even if it is but throwing it away. Again : Suppose this young man, as he disappeared with my daughter behind a closed door, had reached back and offered me a roll of bills, say $500, to keep quiet. Suppose he had suggested, ' My dear friend, you can take this money and build a nice sidewalk near your home and fix things up generally.' Now, what would you as American citizens say to an argument like that? Have I overdrawn it?" At this there was a clapping of hands, and calls of " Not a bit ! " until it seemed as if it would raise the roof. Then " Father Eloquent" added, in a way that nobody but himself could add, "My dear brothers and sisters, how much better is it for a man to devote his time and money to leading our hoys astray instead of our girls ? ' ' I was startled at the figure, and had just about decided in my own mind that, at least in the eyes of the world, it was a good deal worse to trap the girl than the boy; but to my surprise somebody called out, "Not a bit;" then another and another, until it seemed to be the united sentiment of that great concourse that the man who brings a boy down to ruin by deliberate and careful scheming, is just as bad as one who lures the daughter to her ruin. At this point of the story he turned to some of the officers on the stage and asked the question, "My friends, what was it that the Governor of Ohio said when he objected to the Brannock bill ? Have I been rightly informed when I am told he said, 'The Brannock bill as you have it is not fair to the saloon-keeper '?" Several voices replied, "You have almost his exact words." And now let me digress a little right here. You may remember I was present at that discussion in the Senate in regard to the Brannock bill. When I was told the govern- or said the above, my blood came up to boiling heat; but I did not know exactly 1118 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 how to explain the cause of my indignation. Father Chapman straightened it out. Said he in substance, "The United States pro- poses to be fair, and to give every one a chance to defend himself, white or black, rich or poor, providing the criminal stands before the bar or behind locked doors. How, in God's name, can any right-thinking man (to say nothing of the governor of one of the grandest and most glorious States in the Union), suggest that we should be /air to the viidnight assassin, to the highway robber, or to the house-breaker, while he is at large violating the law?" Dear readers, it may seem a little hard right here at this stage of proceedings to quote our text and say, ' ' Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do," especially when we change the scene from a poor ignorant untutored saloon-keeper, one who knows nothing of Jesus and his love, and apply it to the governor of Ohio, and say, "Father, forgive him; for he knows not what he does "? When the Anti-saloon League was started it had the Gospel of Jesus Christ for its foundation; and it expects to carry its work through from beginning to end in the line of "Jesus and his love." You who have read the papers know of the resolutions passed by churches and church conferences of all or nearly all the leading denominations, to the effect that the liquor business from beginning to end is a crime against our State and the whole United States, and that we can under no considera- tion consent to the nomination or election of a man who insists that criminals and outlaws shall have "fair play" in their warfare against temperance and religion, and socie- ty in general. A speaker whose name I can not recall told us the following little story which I shall use to close with. On one of the great lines of railway lead- ing into the city of New York there has been for years employed a most skillful and reli- able engineer. But notwithstanding his abil- ity and many good qualities, this man was all his Hfe a terribly profane man. When things went wrong he would outrival any- body else in his awful profanity, and nothing could stop him. This man had just one vul- nerable point. He had a wife and a humble little home, and one little flaxen-haired girl. His little Mary was his constant com- panion when off duty; and when he went to his work she followed him to the gate, reached her little hand through the pickets, and waved it in parting. A part of his run passed so near his cottage she could reach out through the pickets and wave her hand at him as he ran by on his big locomotive; and never once in his life did he pass that cottage without looking for the idol of his heart. She had learned the exact time of day when he was expected to pass, and was almost invariably on hand. One day, as she was getting a little older, he noticed she tried to climb up so as to look over the top of the pickets; and then it flashed into his mind that she might get caught, as children have in times before, and that very night he knocked a picket off so she could put her head through, and he could get a glimpse of her golden hair as she shouted after him en- dearing words and waved her little hand. One day little Mary fell sick of a fever; but the demands of his business were so great, and from the fact, besides, that there was almost no one else who could take his place on that exact run, the company urged him to stick to his post if it were a possible thing; and there he stayed until her case was a little dangerous. But he hoped to be back before any thing serious could happen. Long before he could get a glimpse of the cottage his eye was in that direction. Finally as he got nearer he saw something tied to the door that looked like black crape. There was the little gate with the picket off, but no golden-haired Mary. Through the blind- ing tears he saw there was no mistake. The crape was tied to the door. He put away his locomotive, and with fierce rebel- lious thoughts in his mind he approached the door. His poor wife, knowing what the probable result would be, came out to him in the yard; but even the sight of her and her suffering had little effect in quelling the rebellion in his soul. He cursed God. He cursed the day that gave him birth, the uni- verse that brought forth men and women to live and suffer and die. He cursed the people who called God good; and finally when, from sheer exhaustion, he ceased for a moment, his poor wife, with her head bowed on his shoulder, between her sobs tried to tell him that little Mary left a mes- sage for him. At this he brightened up just a little, and eagerly asked what that mes- sage was. The poor wife as well as she could said something as follows: "Mary said, 'Tell dear papa not to feel bad. Tell him I will be waiting for him. Tell him I will ask Jesus to "knock a picket off," and say I will be sure to be there, and look out and wave my hand to tell him where to come. I know he will come, mama, for he will be sure to come where his little Mary is. Tell him not to forget, for I will be there sure.' " Little by little the man be- gan to sober down. He asked to have the message repeated over and over. Slowly but surely he emerged from the darkness of unbelief into the light of faith and trust in Jesus Christ; and, in broken words, said. "God, have mercy on rne, a sinner." "Clothed, and in his right mind, " he sat at the feet of the Savior, a new-born soul. I can imagine the angels from heaven, look- ing down. I can imagine little Mary among that shining throng; and I can imagine their voices saying, ' ' Father, forgive him ; for he knew not what he did." And now, dear friends, while we work to abolish the saloons and all the other attend- ant evils that are linked to them, let us do it in the spirit that was in Christ Jesus our Savior when he said of those who cruelly nailed him to the cross, "Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do." 1904 GLF,ANI\C;S IX BEE CULTURE. U19 RAROID FKDOFlkd You will be surprised at the money you save and the satisfac- tion you get from — the roofing with qnahty and durabihty in it. Don't be per- suaded to buy an imitation. Get the genuine. Contains no tar; slate color; any one can lay it in any kind of weather. Complete roofing kit in each roll. Send For Free Sample and book, "Building Economy." Ic will save you money. F. W. BIRD & SON, E.Walpole Mass., or Konadnock CILg., Chlcsso, ^P^ FORYOUR R d 0 F S for cash orders re- ceived before Jan. 1st, on goods for next season's use. The A. I. Root Co- MEDINA, O. Branches and Agencies. Does not apply to honey-packages and cases for immediate use. waftD YOU LIKE r TO TRY A i BONE ClIITEF "^ TEN DAW' FREE " Nearly everybody knows that a good bone cutter is the most profitable investment a poultry keeper can make, but some folks think they turn too hard; that's because they haven't tried a rlAIlIl O BONE CVTTER. It has more labor-saving devices of late design than all other types put together. It always turns easy. We send it on TEN DAYS' FREE TRIAL. No money asked for until you prove on your own premises ourguaran- ty that Manii'H latest will cut all k-nds of bone with adhering meat and gristle, easier, faster, in better shape and with less fuss and bother thanany other bone cutter. If you don't like it return it at our ex- pense. Isn't this better for you than to pay cash for a machine you never tried? Isn't that fairer than so-called "trial otfers"de- 7 mandingfull paymentinadvance?FreecataIogueexplainsall. ^--r\ tHe ivorld's pulse" Current Literature "Ma»y Magfazine in on.e" is an illustrated magazine of Fiction and Poetry, of Science and Art, of Wit, Humor, and Comment — a magazine of American life. It tells you about the newest and best booRs and their authors; it reprints the best poetry; it reveals to you new discoveries in Mod -rn Science, Medicine, and Surgery; it gives interesting details of Travel and exploration; it contains fascinating touches of the ■world's Avit, Humor, and cartoon work; it shows you what is strange and interesting in Natural History; it discusses and gives the opinions (both sides) of authorities on all cfuestions of interest and impor- tance ; it presents a carefully prepared record of Current History with inci- dental and independent comment; it supplies just tbose tbings about which the members of every intelligent American household should be •^vell informed. Each department is presented in the simplest and most popular manner— technicality being dis- pensed with. To Keep "wrell posted— to get quickly at the gist of everything that is going on the world over— you should read Cu.rrent Literature. Whatever magazines you subscribe for. CURRENT LITERATURE should be ONE ol them. Current Literature, Gleanings in Bee Culture . . . 1 yr. $3.00 1 yr. 1.00 Our Club Price. $2.50 Current Literature, 1 yr. $3.00 Harper's Bazar . 1 yr. 1.00 Or any magazine in Class A Cosmopolitan . . 1 yr. 1.00 Or any magazine in Class A $3.20 Current Literature, 1 yr. $3.00 Leslie's Monthly or Cosmopolitan . . 1 yr. 1.00 Or any magazine in Class A Current Literature, 1 yr. $3.00 Lippincott's . . . 1 yr. 2.50 Or any magazine in Class B or C Current Literature, 1 yr. $3.00 The World's Work 1 yr. 3.00 Or any magazine in Class B Current Literature. 1 yr. $3.00 North American Re- view (new sub.) . 1 yr. 5.00 Current Literature, 1 yr, $3.00 Woman's Home Comp. 1 yr. 1.00 Cosmopolitan . . 1 yr. 1.00 $2.50 $4.00 $4.50 $6.00 $3.20 Current Literature, 1 yr. $3.00 Scientific American or St. Nicholas . . 1 yr. 3.00 Current Literature, 1 yr. $3.00 Scribner's Magazine 1 yr. 3.00 Our Club Price. $4.00 $4.50 Current Literature, 1 yr. $3.00 Harper's Magazine 1 yr. 4.00 Harper's Weekly, Atlantic Monthly, or Leslie's Week- ly may be substituted. Current Literature, 1 yr. $3.00 Success 1 yr. 1.00 Review of Reviews 1 yr. 2.50 Or any magazine in Class B J Current Literature, 1 yr. $3.00 ) Country Life in V $4.50 America .... 1 yr. 3.00 ) $5.00 $4.50 Current Literature, 1 yr. $3.00 Century Magazine 1 yr. 4.00 $5.50 FOR LIST OF CLASS A AND B PERIODICALS, SEE PAGE 1120. We will quotelowest possible prices on Current Iviterature together with stny other periodicals you may want. Gleanings may be added to any club above for $i.oo additional. ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO THe A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1123 ^L ^L ^Sl >sSl ^L ^L ^L ^L ^L ^L ^L ^SL ^L ^L ^L ;^ ^L ^L f»r »i«r fC fiC fi«r fsr le f,C re »iC^ fc fiC' ^^ »c le V fir fC "—"If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder." Established 188*) '7r ee=keeper; Supplies. ? Distributor of Root's g'oods from the best shipping'-point in the Country. My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Company, and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey=boxes, Weed Process Comb Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=smokers, Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=jars, and, in fact. Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. During this month (December) I will offer a Sjyecifil Oi'soounf of 4 per eenf for (Junh «i« j« >« ^t Si S4 Si Si Si St Si yt y* y^* y^* y* y'* y* ^^ 1124 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 1 Wants and Exchange. Notices will be Inserted under this head at 15 cts. per line. Advertisements intended for this department should not ex- oeed five lines, and you must SAY you want your advertise- ment in this department or wo will not be responsible for errors. You can have the notice as many lines as you like; bnt all over five lines will cost you according to our regular rates. This department is intended only for bona-fide ex- changes. Exchanges for cash or for price lists, or notices offering articles for sale, will be charged our regular rates of 20 cts. per line, and they will be put in other depart- ments. Vie can not be responsible for dissatisfaction aris- ing from these " swaps." w w ANTED.— Foot- power saw for Gray's electric plat- ing outfit. J. P. Lytle, Chambersville, Pa. ANTED. — To exchange S-frame hives, extractor, and uncapping-can, for honey. Root's goods. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Iowa. w w ANTED.— To exchange a limited number of choice Homer squab-breeders for honey, or bee-supplies. Hal Opperman, Pontiac, 111. ANTED.— To exchange Odell typewriter, nearly new, for honey; or will sell it for $12. Dean Ferris, Peekskill, N. Y. \VANTED.— To buy several hundred colonies of bees ' in Southern States, may join partnership. W. H. LuEBKERT, Brush, Col. YV ANTED.— To exchange a $50 American fruit evapo- rator for a Barnes buzzsaw, or for a 360-egg Cy- phers incubator, or for $40. J. Beam Wingerd, Chambersburg, Pa IV ANTED. —Refuse from the wax- extractor, or slum- '^" gum. State quantity and price. Orel t,- Hekshiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Vy ANTED. -To exchange a $25.00 hot-air 200-egg size nearly new Reliable incubator and outdoor brood- er for a Barnes foot-power saw, or offers. Clover Nook Fruit Farm, Chambersburg, Pa. VV ANTED. — Parties who intend to change location to come to Central Kansas, Saline County. Salina is a great commercial center; several wholesale houses al- ready established; several colleges. Write for my price and description of real estate. J. Duncan, Immigration Agent Missouri Pacific Ry., Salina, Kans. Help Wanted. yVANTED.- Ayoung man to take charge of 240 stands of bees in Wewahitchka, Calhoun Co., West Florida. Must understand taking comb honey. Want best of references— prefer recommendations from A. I. Root Co. S. S. Alderman, Wewahitchka, West Florida. yV ANTED.— Active young man who has had some ex- perience with bees, to work in apiary in summer, and general work around farm and shop in winter. Steady work the year round to the right party. Chas. Adams, Route 4, Greeley, Colo. Y^ ANTED.— Position as apiarist the coming season, ''^ west or south preferred. Thirty-six years' practi- cal experience. Correspondence solicited. M. W. Shepherd, Interlachen, Fla. yV ANTED.— A practical bee-man at once, to sell honey ' from house to house in this city (Kingston). The Snyder Bee & Honey Co., Kingston, N. Y. Addresses Wanted. IVANTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the " truth about it by subscribing for the Havana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havana. 81.00 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale.— 200 trained ferrets. Write for prices. John L. Funk, Route 1, TiflSn, O. For Sale.— Melilotus (sweet clover) seed, $2 per bu. W. P. Smith, Penn, Lowndes Co., Miss. For Sale.— Bees, full colonies, three-frame nuclei, and queens. Car load lots a specialty. The Hyde Bee Co., Floresville, Tex. For Sale.— Fox hounds and puppies. Hovey strain. Each one guaranteed. Enclose stamp for prices. W. H. Gifford, 151 Franklin St., Auburn, N. Y. For Sale. — Italian bees and queens. We make one, two, and three frame nuclei a specialty. Write for circular and price list. Also, 100 T supers for sale cheap. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Page Co., Iowa. For Sale. —200 swarms of bees in No. 1 Langstroth hives, etc., residence, honey-houses, and small piece of land. G. F. Wilson, Soldiers Grove, Crawford Co., Wis. For Sale. — Slightly damaged IVi-story 10-frame Dovetailed hives, in flat. In lots of five or more at $1.25 per hive. G. B. Lewis Co.'s make. A great bargain. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lewis C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. Our Specialties Gary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hives and Supers; Root's Sections, Weed Process Foun- dation, and Bingham Smokers. Bees and Queens in their Season. 32-page Catalog Free. W. W. Gary & Son, Lyonsville, Mass. E! A Subscrip'ion to Bee Journal One Year with order of $5.00 or over. Cheapest place in the United States to buy your supplies. One and one-half story Hive. $1.00; Sections. Hives. Berry Baskets and Crates by the Car Load. Wholesale and retail. Send for free list. W. D. SOPER. Rural Route 3, JACKSON, MICH. Poultry and Bees go well together. Gleanings tells about the bees; Poul- try Topics tells about getting the profit from poultry. Twenty to forty pages monthly, beautiful illustrations. Sample free, or whole trial year's subscrfption for 10c. Poultry Topics, Lincoln, Neb. New Star Incubator at a bargain; also, inch black pipes. G. Routzahn, Biglerville, Pa. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1125 SPRAY PUMPS The Pump That Pumps y a practical man. Simple and easy to operate. THE lOEAL •hatciies in n way that iii ikes pay. 3v DAYS TRIAL Results guaranteeil. Send for free book on Incubators, Brooders, Poultry and Supijlies. [^J.W. Miller Co.. Box 48. Frceport, 111. ni^TT^^ran— ■«■!■■ iwirmi i~' I II iii iiimiiim— i Easy Money witTa" HAWKEYE Special Incubator Try it on our 3U days' free trial plan, before you buy it. Start in the poultry business NOW. More money for less work than .any thing you ever tried. Our free eiit- alo^iie will guide you to success in poultry raising. Hawkeye Incubator Co. Box 91, Newton, la. no" Kards Fine Pooltrj. RELIABLE is a word that stands for the l>est Incubators and Brooders in the world. Each has special dis- tineuishine featurea. Send 10c postage for Droit No. 19. just out. giTing guaranty of uumey back if incubator is not satisfactory* Reliable IncDh^torand KrnnderCo., Box B-4i>(juiucy, Illinois. BUSHELS OF EGGS follow the feeding of cut bone. The DAWDYn%l?"" 10 the "'mpleBt, faeteet ant honey-gathering stock given now may make them your best colonies next season. We believe we have as good bees as there are for business. We rear our queens carefully, rejecting poor cells or virgins ; guarantee them good queens and purely mat- ed, or replaced free on notice. Our testimonials will compare favorably with any. One quten, 75 cts.; six for |3.50 ; 12 fo. S6 50 ; select tested, $1.00 ; six for |.5 ; tested, $1.00 ; select tested, 81.50 ; extra select tested, $2.00. J. B. CASE, Port Orai\ge, Florida. I. Jl. S-trirfcghonr^, M^^a^ York: No. 25 Jars, with burnished tin top and prepared cardboard lining, $5.00 gross. This is quick to fill and NEVER LEAKS. No. 25 jars with porcelain top, $5.25 gross. 1-lb. square jars, with corks, $5.00. Discount on more than one gross. CATALOG OF SUPPLIES FREE. Apiaries, Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom, 105 Park Place, N. Y. 1904 rj.FANlNGS IN BEE CULTURE 1127 MarsKfield Maiwifacturing Co. Our specialty is making SECTIONS, and they are the best in. the market. Wisconsin bass- wood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of BEE-SUPPLIES. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. ZTAe MarsHfield Manufacturing Company, MarsKileld, "^Vis. i,» frn ,- Kretchme!^ Manfc. Co. Box 60, RED OAK. IOWA. BEE -SUPPLIES! We carry a targe stock and greatest vari- I ety of every thing needed in the apiary, as- I suring BEST goods at the I,OWEST prices, • and prompt shipment. We want every ' bee- keeper to have our FREE II,I,USTRAT- ' ED CATAl,OG, and read description of I Alternating Hives, Ferguson Supers. 1- WRITE A T ONCE FOR CA TALOG. AGENCIES. I Tresfer Supply Company, IT«(^ BINGHAM SELF CLEANING BEE SMOKER If You Want a Smoker That goes without puffing, clean, durable and handy, Oldest, newest, and embracing all the improvements and inventions made in smokers, send for circular to T- F- Bingham, Farwell, Mich Frankfort, Mich. Nov. 22," 1904. T. F. BfNGHAM, Farwell, Mich. Dear Srr.-~Replying to your favor, I have 90 acres of peach trees, the bees pollenize the flowers and are a great benefit to them. The smoker you sent last spring is the best I ever used. W. G. VOORHEIS. Volume XXXII. DECEMBER 15, 1904. Number 24 ^^^^^p&^^m^x #= INSBEE CULTJJRE Market Quotations 1136 Straws, by Dr. Miller 1143 Pickings, by Stenog 1145 Conversations with Doolittle 1146 Editorials 1147 Sidelights from the St. Louis Convention 1147 The Chicago-Northwestern Convention 1149 Immensity of the Bee-keeping Industry 1150 General Correspondence.... 1155 Does Clover Winter-kill? > 1155 When Clover Yields Honey 1156 Hoffman Frames 1157 Spacing Frames 1158 Bees on Shares 1158 A Bunch of Questions 1159 Heads of Grain lieo Size of Winter Entrances 1160 Will an Apiary Contract Foul Brood? 1160 What to do w^ith Unsalable Chunk Honey 1160 Stealing Bees; the Remedy 1161 Ventilating Through the Hive-bottom 1161 Sciatica and Muscular Rheumatism Cured. ..1161 Bee-stings and Rheumatism 1161 The 4x5 Sections 1163 How to Ship Bees from Canada to Jamaica"1163 Best Time to Requeen 1164 Hive-rabbets 1164 Number of Colonies to a Locality 1164 A Swarm of Drones 1165 Our Homes 1167 X. % ^vV^ ^/ TheA.L e MEDINA (^12^ Root Coj OHIO 3 .h' //^^ Eastern Edition. ENTERED AT THE POSTOFFICE, AT MEDINA, OHIO, AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. Get Our Discounts! G. B. LEWIS CO. AND DAD ANT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES. BEESWAX WANTED AT THE HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. LEWIS G. & A. G. WOODMJIN, Grand Rapids, Mich. Hilton's Chaff Hive fortifies ycur colonies against sudden changes of weather in spring and fall. Only a little extra work neces- sary to change them for winter, and make them frost-proof. This work can be put over until late in Novem- ber or December, after the busy time at this season of the year. The double cover with ventilators enables the bees to continue work in supers during the intense heat of summer, where the hives, of neces- sity, are exposed to the sun during the middle of the day. Ask for copy of report from Michigan Agricultural College, regarding "Double v. Single Walled Hives." A large part of many apiarists' time is consumed in shifting from winter to summer, and summer to winter cjuarters, which could be well spent in caring for a larger number Of col- onies. This is overcome by using Hilton's Chaff Hive. Write for cata- log. Root s Goods at Root's Prices. 4 Per Cent Discount for December, George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. DISCOUNTS For tHe New] Season-— for CstsK Orders. During October, 6 per cent. '' November, 5 " December, 4 (( u And you get Root's Goods. Tell us what you want, and we will tell you what^ it^^will cost. Ow Catalog lof the asMng. M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch, Mich. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1135 f^tfl f$7 <^ c. IIeeidc{vi.ar-ters for ee-Supplies Distributor of R.oot*s Ooods £.xcl\i- sively at Root's Factory Prices. ^ ^ <$» <$> (^ (^ <$» Allowed on early orders; take advantage by ordering now. Orders received during f$> Let me sell you the Best Goods Made; you will be pleased on receipt of them, and save money by ordering from me. My stock is all new, complete, and very large. Cincinnati is one of the best shipping-points to reach all parts of the Union, particularly in the South. The lowest freight rates, prompt ser- vice, and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for my descriptive catalog and price list; it will be mailed promptly, and free of charge. :: :: :: November, December, January, February, 5 per cent 4 3 2 Oif Catalog Prices. x 1 Keep Everything that Bee-K-^epers Use, a large stock and a full line, such as the Standitid Langstroth, Lck-cornered, with and with- out portico; Danzenbaker hive, sections, foundation, extractors for honey and wax, wax-presses, smokers, honey-knives, foundation-fasteners, and bee-veils. Honey and Beesw^ax Wanted. I I will buy honey and beeswax, pay cash on delivery; and shall be pleased to quote you prices, if in need, in small lots, in cans, barrels, or carloads of ex- tracted or comb, and guarantee its purity. I have in StocK Seed of the follow^ing Money-plants: Sweet-scented clover, white and yellow alfalfa, alsike, crimson, buckwheat, phacelia. Rocky Mountain bee-plant, and catnip. Office (SL Salesroom, 21443-2148 Central A-ve. Vli^arehouse, Freeman and Central Aventie. Cincinxiatiy io« 113o GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 Honey Market. GRADING-RULES. FaNCT.— All sections to bo well filled, combs straight, firm- V .iitached to all four si'los.the combs uii>oili(''13; No. 1, 10(0 11: broken or leaking honey, 7(5 9. Choice extracted white clover and Spanish needle in 5- gallon cans, 6Vi(«7: dark and southern honey, in 5-gallon cans, 5VoW6: Southern in barrels. SCf'SVi. Beeswax, prime, 28V2 per lb. R. Hartmann & Co., Dec. 12. 14 So. Second St., St. Louis, Mo. New York.— Receipts of late have been quite heavy; and while there has been a fair demand, it has not been up to former year sand stocks are somewhat accurnu- lating, consequently prices show a tendency to decline, and in large lots quotation prices as a rule are shaded. We quote fancy white at U(: single c.nses, 14, Extracted is sold as follows: White clover, in barrels, 6 '•■;; in cans, 7V'2 and 8; amber, in barrels, 5Vi(aoV2;in cans, 6("6'2. Bees- wax, 27. C. H. W. Weber, Dec. 7. 2146-8 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O. Kansas City.— The honey market is slow, and prices rule very low; fancy white coinb selling at t2.25 per case of 24 sections, and amber at $2 00 per case. Ex- tracted is moving slowly at 6M> cts. ptr lb. C. C. Clemons & Co., Dec. 7. Kansas City, Mo. Chicago.— The market is well supplied with all kinds of honey, the demand is of light nature. Fancy comb honey brings 14, but quality as well as appearance is necessary. No. 1 stlls at 12V..('(13; off grades difficult to move at K" 3 less. Extracted choice white, 7("7''2; am- ber, 6(o7, with off grades about 5V->. Beeswax. 30. R. A. Burnett & Co., Dec. 7. 199 South Water St., Chicago, III. Albany. — Honey market dull; the late cold weather checks the demand, also the honey. We quote fancy white, 14(f'15; medium, 13; mixed, 12("13; buckwheat, 11 Cnl2. Extracted white, 6M.>(('7; mixed, 6("6V-;; buck- wheat, 6(a 6 V2. Beeswax, 28(';' 30. MacDougal & Co.. Dec. 12. 326 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. Schenectady.— Market very quiet on comb honey, and we don't look for any impiovement until after the holidays. There is some demand for extracted, both light and dark. No change of note in prices. Chas. McCulloch, Dec. 12. Schenectady, N. Y. Detroit.— Fancy and A No. 1 white 12V'2C«13y2; No. 1, dark, IOC" 12. Beeswax, 25(5 26. Market fairly well sup- pled, and demand a little better. M. H. Hunt & Son, Dec. 6. Bell Branch, Mich. For Sale— 10,000 pounds choice extracted honey. White clover and amber fall. In barrels, 7c; 60-lb. cans, 71/20. Dadant & Sons, Hamilton. 111. For Sale.— 10,000 lbs. of fancy extracted honey, clover and basswood. Also 2000 lbs. of the same quality but slightly off color. Gustave Gross, Lake Mills, Wis. For Sale.— Extracted honey. No. 1, from alfalfa, 7V2 cts.; No. 2 alfalfa, partly from cantaloupe, 6V2 cts. Home and bees for sale. Write me. D. S. Jenkins, Las Animas, Colo. For Sale. — Fine extracted honey from alfalfa with trace of alsike, white, and red clovers, 6'-'2C per pound, 60-pound cans. E. F. Atwater, Meridian, Ida. For Sale.— Extracted honey, clover or basswood, in kegs or cans. Write for price. Sample, 8 cts. C. B. Howard, Romulus, N. Y. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1137 For Sale. — Fine extracted honey for table use, in 60- Ib. cans. Write for prices and samples. C. H. Stordock, Durand, 111. For Sale.— a few thousand pounds of ligrht amber comb honey at 12c. Quirin-tiie-queen-breeder, Bellevue, O. For Sale.— Ligrht-colored honey, in barrels, 7c; cans, 8c; sample 10c. Wax wanted. I. J. Stringham. 105 Park Place, New York. Wanted.— Comb and extracted honey. Describe the kind you have; how put up, with lowest price for cash. L. H. RoBEY, Worthington, W. Va. Wanted.— New crop white comb honey. Describe what you have, and state price. Evans & Turner, Columbus, O. Wanted -Comb and extracted honey. State price, kind, and quantity. R. A. Burnett & Co., 199 South Water St., Chicago, 111. Wanted.— Comb and extracted honey. State kind, quantity, and how put up, and lowest cash price. jChas. Koeppen, Fredericksburg-, Va. Wanted.— Well-ripened extracted honey to sell again. Give low price and full particulars in first letter. D. E. Lhommedieu, Colo, Story Co., Iowa. Wanted.— Clover extracted honey in cans or barrels; Bend sample, and state quantity, whether in barrels or cans, and price delivered at Chicago or Modina. The a. I. Root Co., Medina. O. Wanted.— Buckwheat honey in kegs or cans. Send sample, and state price delivered at Medina, New York, Chicago, or Philadelphia. Mention quantity you can furnish. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, O. Wanted. — Beeswax. Will pay spot cash and full market value for beeswax at any time of the year Write us if you have any to dispose of. Hildreth & Segelken, 265-267 Greenwich St., New York. Wanted — Beeswax. We are paying 25c cash or 28 cents per pound in exchange for supplies for pure av- erage wax delivered at Medina, or our branch houses at 144 E. Erie St., Chicago, 44 Vesey St., New York City, and 10 Vine St., Philadelphia. Be sure to send bill of lading when you make the shipment, and ad- vise us how much you send, net and gross weights. We can not use old comb at any price. The a. I. Root Company, Medina. Ohio. Convention Notices. CALIFORNIA STATE BEE-KEEPERS' CONVENTION. The annual convention of the California State Bee- keepers' Association will be held in the Assembly room of the Chamber of Commerce at Los Angeles, January 2 and 3, 1905. Convention will be called to order at 1:30 A. M., Jan. 2. Each member is requested to prepare something for consideration, and all bee-keepers are in- vited to attend. J. F. McIntyre, Sec. NO DRONES in our printery. That is why we save you money. Sample hundred envelopes, noteheads, letterheads, busi- ness cards, statements, or billheads, 4'Oc postpaid. Samplesfree. Young Brothers, Cirard, Pa. Your Bee Supplies, Berry Boxes and Grates Send to the SHEBOYGAN FRUIT-BOX COMPANY, SHEBOYGAN, WIS. Liberal discounts on all orders till January 1, 1905. DANZENBAKEe ...SI.OO Smoker... Guaranteed to suit or the dollar back. Buy the D '20th Century Smoker, it is the best. The construction is so simple and complete, it is sure to please. can not clog, smokes three to five hours at one Idling. $1.00 each : three, $2.50, by express or with other goods; by mail, each, 25c for postage. F. Da nzenbaker, Miami, - - Florida. Our catalogues list large Hues of music and 'EVERYTHING MUSI- ('AL"-Hund Instruments, Viiillns, Guitars — every- tliinn froma Jews-harp to a Bass Drum, for the band or the hetrinner— we Import and Wholesale them, and make prices that retailers can't reach. Send for catalopues. Write today and the quicker you can "play." II. E. MoMtlliii, lOfi Superior St., Olev. land, O. Make Your Own Fertilizer at Small Cost with I^^Wilson's Phosphata Wilh From 1 to 40 H. P. Also Rone Cut- ters, liaiid and power, for the pnn\. trymen; t''urrii I'ee I >liiN, Gra- liuiii rioiir IIhimI MIHh. <;rlt and Shell Mills. .« tt^G Flag" "Write the WABASH for detailed information concerning personally conducted tours of California and Mexico HomeseeKers* E^xctirsions to the West, Northwest, and Southwest, on the first and third Tuesdays of each month. Ptxllxnan Sleepers and Free Reclin- ing'-cKair Cars on THrougK Trains. Lowest rates, and detailed information concerning all routes, cheerfully famished on application to F. H. Tristram, Assistant Qeneral Passenger Agent, 320 FIFTH AVENUE, PITTSBURG, PA. 1140 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 Special Notice. We have issued a beautifully illustrated 16 page-and-cover ''STORY OF THE AMERICAN BEE JOUR- NAL'' that, while they last, we will mail on re- quest, with a sample copy of the Bee Journal, to all who are not now among its readers (hut who are thinking of becoming regular subscribers) for only 4 cents in stamps to pay postage and wrapping. The AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL is published WEEKLY at |1.00 a year; it is sent with Doolittle's ''Scientific Queen-Rearing '' (bound in leatherette) — both for only |1.50. The balance of this year's (1904) numbers of the Bee Journal will be nailed FREE to NEW subscribers for 1905. Address the publishers, GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. # .'*;. .'«b .'*• »"■. .■*•• .'. .'S. ■£• »2« wft* wi* wS. •ii, ••«.•'*•. »4«. >S«. >♦•.>♦■.>♦•.>$•.>$•.>(>•. .•4«. >t'- >1'- >4»- ••'•i Bi'st Extracted Houey For Sale Ail in 60-ib. Tin Cans ♦»♦« »• Alfalfa Honey ^C This is the famous White Extracted Honey gaihered in the great Al- falfa ie|i:ionsi>f the Cen- tral West. It is a splen- did honey, and nearly everybody who cares to eat lioney at all can't get enough of the AUalfa ex- tracted. Basswood Honey JTC This is the well-known lightrcolored honey gath- ered from the rich, nec- tar-laden basswood blos- soms. It has a stronger flavor than Alfalfa, and is preferred by those who like a distinct flavor in their honey. Prices of Alfalfa or Basswood Honey: A sample of either, by mail, 10 cents, to pay for package and postage. By freight— two 60 poniid cans of Alfalfa, 814 cents per pound ; 4 cans or more, 8 cents a pound. Basswood Honey, half-cent more per pound than Alfalfa prices. Cash must accompany each order You can order half of each kind of honey, if vou so desire. The cans are two in a box, and freight is not prepaid. ABSOL.UTEL.Y PURE BEES' HONEY. Order the Above Honey and then Sell It. We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did not produce enough honey for their home demand, just order some of the above, and sell it. And otners, who want to earn some uiuoey, can get ihis honey and work up a demand for it almost anywhere. THB YORK HONBY CO. Not mo Henry M. Aknd, Mduager. loi E. KInzie Street, CHICAGO, ILL. # ?#• # •»• •(|i? # •ft 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1141 A Honey Route in something the same line as a milkman has a route, has been inaugurated, and put into practice for several years by Mr. C. F. Smith, of Cheboygan, Mich. There is no peddling about it. On certain days, except during the busy time of the year with bees, he goes over a cer- tain route, calling at certain houses, and delivering a certain amount of honey. In this way he sells all his own e.xtracted honey at 13 cents a pound, and then buys and sells thousands of pounds besides. How the honey is put up, how the route was established, how he knows at which houses to call, how much honey to bring, etc., are all told in an article that runs thiouuh both the Oc- tober and November Bee-keepers' Review. Send ten cents for these two issues, and the ten cents may apply on any subscription sent in during the year. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. TEXAS BEE-KEEPERS ! Fifty Dollars in Gold We have the Southwestern Branch house for the W. T. FALCONER M'F'G CO., and will carry a full line of their famous goods at FACTORY PRICES. We will handle honey, beeswax, and honey-cans, and shall buy and sell Bees and Queens. OUR AIM is to supply the bee-keeper his wants and buy his products in return. When in need of anything in our line don't forget to give us a trial: we are here for business. Cat- alogs now ready, and we advise you to order early and get the discounts. We buy and sell REAL ESTATE, and transact a gen- eral REAL-ESTATE BUSINESS. MONEY LOANED on approved properties. We want your business, whether you wish to buy or sell. ANY ONE wishing to buy bees and homes in Texas is especially urged to write us. THE HYDE BEE-SUPPLY CO., H. H. HYDE, M'g'r. San Antonio- Tex GOOD QUEENS can always be had by sending your orders to us. Un- tested queens, $1.00 each; $4.25 for six, or $9.00 per doz. Tested, $1.50 each. Nuclei and bees by the pound a specialty. Write for prices. Wholesale orders solicit- ed. We fill wire orders from 100 to 300 queens to re- sponsible parties with 10 hours' notice. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. We have Carniolan, Holy Lands, Cyprians, Goldens, and the old-fashioned three- band Italians. All reared in separate fields 10 to 20 miles apart. All the Holy Lands and Cyprians in this part of the country are from our strains and our impor- tations. Don't fail to consider quality and our thirty years' experience. Best breeders, $5.00 each. The Jennie Atchley Co., Box 18, Beeville, Bee Co., Texas. HONEY QUEENS I^AWS' ITALIAN AND HOLY LAND QUEENS. Plenty of fine queens of the best strains on earth, and with these I am catering to a satisfied trade. Are you in it? Or are you intere.ted? Laws' Leathei and Golden Italians, Laws' Holy Lands. These three no more. The following prices are as low as consist- ent with good queens : Untested, 90c; per dozen, $8.00, tested, $1; per dozen, $10. Breeders, the very best of either race, $3 each. W. H. LAWS, Beeville, Texas. For Three Cents Send us on a postal card the address of ten farmers. We will send each a copy of the " Agricultural Epito- mist" and solicit their subscription. We will send you the paper three months free for your trouble. To the person sending the best list of names we will present $25.00 iti gold; 2nd best, $15.00; 3rd best, $10.00. We will keep an accurate record of the number of subscribers we secure out of each list, and the persons from whose lists we secure the greatest number sub- scribers by March 15, 1905, will receive the above prizes. In case three or more lists produce equal results we re- serve the right to divide the fifty dollars equally be- tween them. Remember— Send just ten names from one P. O. Do not send names of children or people not interested in farming. We give away the $50.00 in order to get select lists, and you can not get your share of it unless you choose the names carefully. The "Agricultural Epitomist " is the only agricul- tural paper edited and printed on a farm. Our six hundred and fifty acres are devoted to practical agricul- ture and fine stock, and we are ofl'ering hundreds of thoroughbred pigs and fancy poultry as premiums for subscription work. A pig or a trio of poultry easy to get under our plan. Write for particulars. AGRICULTURAL EPITOMIST, SPENCER, IND. Fruit Growers AND FARMERS Thousands of the best fruit growers and farmers read the Southern Fruit Grower because they find it the most helpful fruit paper published. Con- tains 24 to 40 pages of valuable fruit and farming information every month. 50c a year. Send 10c and 10 names of frnil growers and get it G months on trial Sample free. THE SOUTHERN FRUIT GROWER, Box I , Chattanooga, Tenn. Mo Dirt Left In clothes washed wii h the BUSY BEE WASHER 100 pieces in 1 hour, no hard work. That's the record. Agents ill Wanted. Exclusive Sale. Busy Bee Washer Co., Box Bi Erie, Pa. Wriie for terms. etc., have been the stnndnrd of excellence for half acpntury. The best always cheapest. Have hundreds of carloads of Fruits and Ornamentals 40 BcrPB of Hardy Roses. 44 greenhouses of Palms, ^,_ ^ , -. _- ^^^^^^ Ficiis Ferns, Roses, etc. Direct deiil will insure you the best and save you money. Corrpspondence solicited. Valuable catalogue free. Slst year. 1000 acres. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., PAINESYILLE, OHIO. 1142 GLEANINGS IX BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 OUR NEW 1905 IS NOW OUT, IF YOU ARE NOT ON OUR LIST ALREADY SEND FOR ONE AT ONCE. IT IS A DANDY. BEWARE WHERE YOU BUY YOUR BEEWARE n r^=' jWATCRTOWN. WISi MAKES THE FINEST NEARLY 100 PACES. Describing and Listing Everytiiing Known in ee-keepers > G.B.LEWISCO.,Wat8rtown,Wis.,U.S.A. • DELVOTELD'^' •To •'B e: e.^ • 'j^^^^ - •AND Hon ELY- ; ^^>* •MD home:- Publishedy THE^ 1^001' Co. SiL2P[RYiAR. "X® Medina- Ohio- Vol XXXII. DEC. 15, J 904. No. 24 The report of the Central Association of German Bee-keepers for 1903 gives a mem- bership of 37,242, and the present member- ship is about 40,000. Talk about our Na- tional being the largest in the world ! But ought it not to be so ? I've been reading with much interest the 1904 edition of Simmins' Modern Bee- farm, and a number of new kinks have paid well for the reading. [I have had an op- portunity only to glance at this hastily; but I came to the conclusion that it is a practi- cal and interesting work, and I hope to give it an extensive review. I desire to say in this connection that Mr. Simmins was the originator of one or more methods or de- vices that have been exploited in this coun- try as new. — Ed.] G. M. P. wants to know if there's some way he can deal with sections troubled with worms, other than to resort to sulphur or bisulphide of carbon, only a few of his col- onies being Italian, and also asks whether he did right to pick out all the infested sec- tions, supering them, and putting on the Italian colonies to clean up. No; when you have all colonies Italian or hybrid you'll have little or no trouble with worms in sec- tions, and till then when eggs have been laid by the moth in sections there's nothing for it but to use sulphur or bisulphide, ex- cept the plan you have taken, which, so far as I know, is original and bright. When the first installment of Rocky Mountain stuff from the pen of J. A. Green appeared in Gleanings, I said, "That's good, but can he keep the pace?" Now that he's been four months on the track I don't see that he's a bit jaded or winded, and he's making just as good time as ever. Yes, Jimmie's all right. [We are very well pleased with Mr. Green's work. His exten- sive travels over the country, his habits of close observation, and his fearlessness in speaking out his mind, make him indeed a valued contributor. —Ed.] The question is raised, p. 1099, whether the food elements contained in honey and not in sugar are necessary. Necessary for what ? They are most emphatically neces- sary for the continued existence of the col- ony. Not a single larva can be reared on sugar alone, if I am rightly informed. [I arise to a point of order, doctor. We were not talking about whether the food elements contained in honey and not in sugar were or were not necessary for brood-rearing. Where the matter came up in the first place, p. 1056, you will see we were talking about whether those food elements were necessary for a winter food. See your own Straw on p. 1055. There can not be any possible question but that honey does con- tain some food elements not in sugar neces- sary for brood-rearing. —Ed.] Arthur C, of the Miller family, p. 1112, raises doubts as to the tenability of the ob- scure-vision theory holding bees at home two weeks, and the editor says possibly ob- scure vision and general weakness, together with Dr. Phillips' suggestion that young bees may follow their older sisters by scent. I think you'll cut out that "general weak- ness ' ' business when you remember the miles and miles that nurse-bees will go with a swarm. Neither will the following-scent nor the obscure-vision theory carry in the case I mentioned, p. 923. Bees five days old, with no older sisters to follow, were strong enough, and could see well enough, to bring, in good loads of pollen. What objection is there to the old explanation that bees, either by instinct or necessity, divide up the work according to age? [You are probably right, but I arise to ask how you know the bees were only five days old. —Ed.] J. M. H. asks my opinion of the following way of dealing with laying workers: Fasten in a hive one to three frames of hatching brood (presumably with adhering bees) and 1144 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 a laying queen. Next day set this hive con- taining the queen in place of the laying- worker colony, carrying the latter, after thoroughly smoking, a long distance away, dumping and brushing all the bees on the ground, leaving a small box for any bees that wish to cluster in, returning this to the colony a day or two later. I think the plan would work well if one can afford the lay- ing queen and brood; but it would be less trouble, after forming such a nucleus, to give it a frame of bees from the naughty colony, then another frame a day later, and the rest still later. But it must still be x-e- membered that, nine cases out of ten, the best thing is to break up the colony, dis- tributing the combs and bees to other col- onies. Pickled brood disappeared on the intro- duction of fresh blood by A. J. Halter, says the editor, p. 1111. Look again; the only fresh blood I find was that which seems to have brought with it the disease. As near- ly as I can make out, Mr. Halter thinks a cure came from letting the bees rear a new queen, "all brood hatching before young queens began to lay." [By "fresh blood" I meant the introduction of another queen. In Mr. Halter's third paragraph he tells about "letting them rear queens." This indicated to me that the old queen was taken out. On rereading this third paragraph I am not entirely sure whether Mr. Halter al- lowed the old bees to have their old brood or not. He says he made shook swarms, put- ting them on foundation; and I infer now and inferred then when I wrote the foot- note in question that he gave brood— name- ly, "fresh blood" "from various hives." Mr. Halter will please straighten us out. — Ed.] Editor Hutchinson puts this conundrum : "Suppose six men are to be nominated as candidates, couldn't 'wire-pulling' elect one of these men just as easily as it could nom- inate a man? Hardly. Fewer votes are cast for nomination than for election, and it is easier to control a small than a large number. But I think that doesn't meet the case. I object to having as sole candidates the two who receive the most votes for nom- ination. The number of votes for nomina- tion—the informal ballot, if you please— will be much smaller than the number at the formal ballot. Indeed, the number may be very small— so small that not such a great deal of activity in the way of wire-pulling would be needed to secure a nomination ; and whether there were any wire-pulling or not it would be better that each member should be entirely free to vote for any one he chooses. I am" in entire accord with Bro. Hutchinson when he says: "There ought to be some honorable, public method of dis- cussing candidates in advance of nomina- tion." The place for that is in the bee- journals, and the time to begin it, perhaps, with the beginning of the year. Then it might be well to have an informal ballot, and the list published of all names voted for and the votes cast for each. May be some- thing else would be a good deal better, and the whole matter should have full, frank, free, and friendly discussion. J. A. Green, p. 1102, scores eastern bee- keepers for taking for granted that every one has an intimate acquaintance with phos- phate-sacks. Please don't come down on 'em too hard, my good friend. If we are to keep quiet about every thing unless we're sure that all the world will understand it, we'll not be likely to tell much. Probably it wouldn't help a great deal to be told the material of old phosphate-sacks, for those who can't get the phosphate-sacks are not likely to be benefited by the knowledge; and those who can't get them don't need to know. But say, Mr. Editor, what are phos- phate-sacks made of, any way ? [Phos- phate-sacks, so far as I know, are made of the same material as any other sacks for holding grain or produce. The material, however, may vary at different times. We found that phosphate-sacks, old burlap or new burlap, will answer the same general purpose for the fuel. We were expecting to catalog this Coggshall fuel in the form of cartridges, but found we could not buy up enough old phosphate-sacks or old burlap to make it advisable to put it up for the gen- eral market. New sacking or burlap is al- together too expensive ; but every bee- keeper can usually find enough for his own use. — Ed.] The editor wants to know whether Ital- ians ai'e more immune to pickled brood than other bees, p. llll. I don't know about pickled brood; but as to foul brood there has been ct)nsiderable testimony from Aus- tralia and Europe in favor of Italians, and a strong word from England is found in the 1904 edition of Simmins' Modern Bee-farm. He says, "Nothing is so disheartening to the experienced bee-master as to see a bee- keeper clinging to native bees in a neigh- borhood where foul brood is prevalent . . they are helpless in the face of foul brood, and' will not even work with their owner when he attempts to cure the malady." [I think there can be no question that Italians are more immune to black brood than black bees. The evidence that you present from across the water shows that they can also resist foul brood better. The natural as- sumption would be that they could also bet- ter withstand pickled brood. Why this should be I am not able to explain unless because they would be less inclined to rob. Years ago, when we were ItaHanizing from a lot of black bees, I noticed that the "black rascals" as we called them were much more inclined to steal than our yellow bees. Pos- sibly this might account for their greater susceptibility to contagious diseases. — Ed.] It was decided years ago, says the editor- p. 1104, that the slight gain from mid-win, ter flights of cellared bees didn't pay for the trouble. That assumes that there was a slight gain, and that was not the belief. It was the belief that such flights were a damage, making the bees uneasy afterward, 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1145 although why a mid-winter flight should help outdoor bees and hurt cellared bees was never explained. I've experimented a little for the past winter or two, but can't say positively whether winter flights for cellared bees are good or bad. I'm on the fence, and I think, Mr. Editor, that very few are on your side of the fence. What was the date of your carrying out, that you thought work- ed so well? [The discussion in regard to the advisability of taking bees out for mid-win- ter flights, and returning them, took place along about the time I was coming out of school, and after I had begun to take edito- rial charge of this journal. It naturally made a strong impression on my mind. The articles were scattered over a long period of time; but my recollection is that the gener- al consensus of opinion was to the efl^ect that there was a slight gain, but not enough to warrant the expense and trouble. But whether a slight gain or not, that does not matter. We both agree that the general sentiment was against it. I am very well satisfied that this conclusion, at least for some localities, was entirely wrong. If it is a good thing for outdoor- wintered bees to have a midwinter flight (and I do not think there is any one who will dissent from this), it fol- lows that it must be beneficial for indoor bees, provided the weather conditions are such as to permit it. In your locality, and in that of Doolittle, and perhaps in a major- ity of places where there is continuous cold from fall till spring, I do not see how it will be practicable to give such a flight. But this would not prove that such cleansing would not be beneficial if it could be had. In our locality, and in many others, there are occasional warm flight-days either in February or March. Now in answer to your question, we give our bees one such flight, sometimes two, along in February if we can. If there is no warm day suitable, we give it to them in March. The point I desire to make is this: Where the winters are not so extremely se- vere, permitting flight days, the bees, because of the warm weather, become uneasy in the cellar, overcharging their intestines, and therefore they must have a cleansing. I do not see how there can be a conflict of opin- ion if we take into consideration the matter of locality. But we will take for example the case where the winter is severe. Sup- pose in your case, in February you have a warm balmy day. Now let me strongly urge that you carry half of your bees outdoors for a flight and take them back. If you do not notice any improvement in this half in the way of added quietness and a disposition to stay in the hive, I will buy you the best silk hat I can find in Chicago. One more point: We do not begin to have the number of dead bees on our cellar bottom that we find in the bottoms of some cellars where no midwinter flight is allowed, or we will say possible. I am coming to believe that it is all wrong to conclude that an inch of dead bees all over the cellar floor is a mass of superannuated bees that would have died anyway. —Ed.] ^J^eiejiborjjieldj 5? To wreak its vengeance on a man, A bee one day engaged : It gained its point, but lost its point. And died in misery. —From the French. ib The editor of Le Rucher Beige inveighs strongly against the use of tobacco in smo- kers, owing to its bad effect on bees. He says, backed by Mr. Weygandt, in the " Im- kerschule, " "If you are not willing to re- nounce tobacco in favor of your bees, do it in the interest of your own health." w If there is any one plant that it will pay to raise for honey alone it is raspberry, espe- cially the red kind. The quantity of honey yielded by it is great, and for quality it is at least equal to any ever tasted. It stands in a rank all by itself. But when we add to these desirable characteristics the great abundance of refreshing fruit it pro- duces, and on almost any soil, we may say it certainly deserves all the attention it gets. This seems to be the opinion on the other side of the ocean too. \l« Le Rucher Beige says certain communes in Belgium think seriously of levying a tax on bee-keepers who move their bees to such communes to get the benefit of a honey-flow. This seems to be strongly opposed by others, on the ground that bee-keepers are a great benefit to such localities, as they necessarily have to hire considerable help there on ar- rival, besides spending a nice bit of money there during their stay. These advantages, they claim, would all be lost if the bee- keepers were taxed, as then there would be no incentive to go to such places. \«< Considerable honey is produced in Europe. According to Handels Museum the annual crop from that continent, leaving out Italy, is as follows, together with the number of colonies kept. I rather suspect that Euro- pean statistics are far more reliable than those obtained in the United States. The figures stand: Germany leads off with 1,910,000 colonies and 20,000 tons of honey; Spain has l,6b0,000 colonies and 19,000 tons; Austria, 1,550,000 colonies and 18,000 tons; France, 950,000 col- onies and 10,000 tons; Holland, 240,000 and 2500 tons: Belgium, 200,000 colonies and 2000 tons; Greece, 30,000 colonies and 1400 tons; Russia, 110,000 colonies and 900 tons; Den- mark, 90,000 colonies and 900 tons. Our old friend the Canadian Bee Journal has not cut as much of a figure in these col- umns lately as its merits deserve. Its pages 1146 GI.KAXIXCS IX REE Cl'L/rURE. Dec. 15 are well filled with matters of interest to all bee-keepers, and Mr. Craig is doing all he can to merit the support he receives. As that is the only bee periodical in the English language, north of the United States, it should have a good support. This leads me to ask what has become of its founder, Mr. D. A. Jones, who shone so brightly in the constellation of the Bee-hive some twenty years ago. Just 25 years ago he and Prof. Frank Benton were in Medina preparatory to their long trip to Asia in search of new races of bees. m A writer in the British Bee Journal says: f Having read about birds, when catching bees for food, carrying off drones and not workers, my interest was aroused in the question of birds and bees, and I shot several birds seen flying about my hives one day when bees were on the wing, but none of the birds killed (in- cluding swifts, swallows, and martins) showed any trace of having captured bees, either workers or drones. I found lots of small flies. Twice this year I have watch- ed the common house sparrow snapping up bees. I drove off the little marauders before giving them time to devour their prey, and in each case the bee's head had been bitten off by the bird before eating the body. Those same sparrows are a national nui- sance here ; and how to destroy them is the question. \ 3 O r+ ^ S-nj ns C7I.C 3 o o 5"x5 --2.0) p'c , C^Trq C 3 c« q 3-5_ &: c^l^ 5 g ^ 5; S g: ^ O o S-S ^S -^ ^^ S-a ^~ c: 3 ^ s -^ 3- ^■o 0-3 P p- ►^ M CO 2. ^ " S" 05' o ^ 3Cn5 cr en o — C O) ~ Q- cfi Ml O tV 3 c« • ^ p (t, (h O l/j 77 -^ zr. .r^ ' Oq ,*0 (T> C 3 (t flJ g.c^ O X 3 ^^ ►3 '-i " I •(T> . S.i^ o : 3(K3 orq 5- .. 3 rt- tn 3-rD o ^ ^ 3-^ 2.^ 5 S P P ■<1 p P § 3 ft 3 5-: O w 3 rt) p (n f^ 3:^s-|p ft g-;^ 5' S^ '^- -! -jj" C^ P 3^ i;cn3p"*^(T3<-+rt> S CCn? ^.p «> <^ 3 p!^^2'-<:3f+g E. 1^— -3^ p O^ 3 "'p tn t !t. OQ ^§3j^Sc33 3 ^ ?^<-p 3 £-§■ — 5^< 3 o'< 3-^ ^ 2 't'S p '^ o 1-^ oJ^oS.ftcnpg^ p-o 3 -^ si3;9 3 ►- P r+ p fD - Q-fO ^ nLO 3 T! O 2- 3 3- ^^ S-o :i:3 ^3 ft S^^c^ 3- v; ^ 3-^ ^ ^ cr*« 3' ? Q- -- ^ ft) p '^ 3^5 o P 3" W SLfC ttiCrq cTc-^ft 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1153 THE A. I. ROOT CO.'S LUMBER-SHEDS WHERE AN AGGREGATE OF $50,000 WORTH OF LUMBER IS STORED AT ONE TIME. PART OP THE A. I. ROOT CO.'S LUMBER-YARDS. 11 t GLKAXTXCS IN BEE CULTURE. Dkc. 15 BASSWOOD LUMBER AS IT COMES IN FROM THE FARMERS. A PARTIAL VIF.W OK THE A. I. liOOT CO. 'S MANUFACTURING PLANT, VIEW LOOKING FROM THE SOUTH. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CUL'lURE. 1155 DOES CLOVER WINTER-KILL? How to Know When we shall Have a Cr^p of Clover Honey; a Valuable Article. BY VIRGIL WEAVER. Mr. Root:— I wish to write a few lines on a variety of subjects. The first is white clover. This is the main honey-plant east of the Rockies. Strange to say, there is very Lttle known about it. I do not mean by the sinall bee-keeper, but by the "big uns " as well as the little fellow of half a dozen years' experience. In a I'ecent issue, you, Mr. Editor, were commenting on the prospects of a honey-flow in Wisconsin, and said that they were not very promising— in the southern part of the State white clover had winter-killed. That is something white clover does not do. I will tell you why. Any year preceded by a normal amount of rain will give a flow of white-clover honey. It matters not how hard or how long it freezes, how often it thaws or how much snow falls to protect the clover. When May comes with her showers and sunshine, the clover will come smiling to greet the anxious bee-keeper. I formerly lived in Kentucky, and was afraid to cross swords with you Northern fellows, for I knew our winters were not as severe as yours, so I kept still; but now that I am in a zero State, and I find the same re- sults here as in Kentucky, I am going to "butt in." I will take the past winter for an example, which was one of the coldest on record in Iowa — zero for weeks at a time, and not a bit of snow to protect it. What is the result? An 80-lb. honey-flow, all from white clover. Now, there are two sides to this '' ' hoe- cake. " I will take Kentucky for an exam- ple. We shall find a difi'erent result. The thermometer never reached zero there the past winter, but the white clover winter- killed there, so some of the bee-keepers say, and they have had no honey-flow there this season. You also said it was too wet during June for honey south of the Ohio River. Now, I can tell you why the clover win- ter-killed in Kentucky also. Why? It was too wet in June. Neither the wet June nor winter-killing had any thing to do with the failure. What then? Right here lies the secret. The rainfall, as observed by the Lexington, Ky., station from May 1 to Nov. 1, 1903, was nearly 11 inches short. No new clover started at all; no new roots on the old 1902 crop to prevent its dying out in the winter of its own accord, freeze or no freeze. That's what it will do every time. There is one exception in regard to the old clover, and that is this: If the rainfall in August, September, and October is ex- cessive, this old clover will start new roots that can withstand any winter. But with- out these rains the old clover that has ma- tured its crop of seed will die out. Then if there are no new plants that were started in the early spring, the white-clover flow is a failure, not because of winter-kiHing, but because of di'outh. You will observe a little contradiction in some of the above; that is, that clover win- ter-kills, and that it does not winter-kill. I will explain, and also tell the bee-keeping pub- lic when to expect a white-clover honey-flow. In the first place, a white-clover seed is very hai'd to germinate. Conditions must be very favorable for the little fellows to begin their battle with life. If in the spring, it must be very warm with plenty of moisture. There must be no crust on top of the ground. The thermometer must touch the 70's — from 80 to 90 is all the better. With these favora- ble conditions for a week or ten days you will find very small white clover-plants in ev- ery little vacant spot in the pastures. If the rains continue until July 1 you can rest assured that the next year will give some white-clover honey; for by the time these plants are two or three months old they are able to withstand any kind of weather. If the rains continue through the fall months, all the better. The most of us know that these young plants bloom but very little the first year — not enough to make a honey- flow. TJiere is an exception: If conditions ai'e favorable for plant-growth until July, and July is hot and dry, setting these young plants ijack, or producing a dormant state for a few weeks, then good rains come in August, making a strong plant-growth again, these young plants will bloom in Sep- tember to a very great extent, making the pastures almost white; but without this July drouth to produce a dormant state, there will be very few blossoms. This brings me down to where I differ with you, Mr. Editor. I say it matters not how cold it gets nor how often it freezes and thaws through the winter. These young plants will be there the next June. Do not jump in here, you big fellows, and saw me up, because you can not do it. I will now tell you why the impression prevails that white clover winter-kills. We will now take these plants through the sec- ond year. If conditions are favorable in the spring for plant-growth, there will be a pro- fusion of blossoms in June, and a good hon- ey-flow. If the rains continue after the honey-flow, these same plants, as I said be- fore, will take new roots that will withstand any winter. If you have no fall rains to speak of, these old plants will die in the win- ter, cold or no cold. All dry falls are not followed by honey failures, though, because it may be favorable for plant-growth in the spring and early summer, and make a fine L GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15. growth of young plants. These young plants can withstand a dry fall and a hard winter also, and make a good honey-flow the next June, as was the case in my locality in 1897. The fore part of 1897 was favorable. From July 22 until November 1 there was not J inch of rainfall. In 1898 I averaged over 100 lbs. per colony of white-clover honey; so you see that, to have a honey-flow this year, we must have had a favorable time to start a lot of young plants the year before. The winter has nothing to do with the amount of white-clover blossoms we have. It all depends upon the amount of rainfall that we have in summer. Now I want a few words on what causes large and small honey-flows, and when we must expect a bumper crop or a moderate one. I will take four seasons in Iowa to il- lustrate. The year 1901 was about the dri- est on record here. The result was, that in the spring of 1902 the pastures were bare in a great many places. Spots a yard square would not have a sprig of grass on them, with plenty of rain in the spring of 1902, also good warm weather. The white clover filled all of these vacant places. The rains continued all season — in fact, were exces- sive. The result was that, in 1903, there be- ing no old plants in the way, these young plants outdid themselves. It took plenty of ■ rain, though. Now for a moderate honey- flow, or an average one. You will find that the bumper crop will be secured the second season after a severe drouth. Then as old plants (that is, plants two years old) will not bloom as profusely as a plant one year old, the third season you may expect only a moderate honey-flow, and the flows will be moderate until the drouth cleans out all the old plants, and you begin over. Washington, la., Aug. 29. [You have evidently given this subject careful study. If your rule or rules will work out in all parts of the country it will mean much to bee-keepers who, if they could know definitely whether they are going to have a crop or not, will be able to make their plans accordingly. The result will be that they will be able to save in some cases and earn in others hundreds of dollars. I should be glad to hear from a large num- ber of our subscribers from many portions of the country as to how well these rules have worked out for the last five or ten years. Possibly by comparing notes we may learn something. I do not know of any more im- portant question for discussion during the winter months than this. According to your rule we have thus far for this locality had all the necessary condi- tions for a white-clover honey-flow next sea- son; and now you ask, "How has this rule worked with you in the past?" We have kept here no records; but as nearly as I can remember the rule has held out in practice in this part of this country.— Ed.] WHEN CLOVER YIELDS HONEY. Bee-stings for Rheumatism; how to find Queens Quickly. BY S. F. TREGO. An abundance of white clover in the fall is not always a sure sign of an abundance of honey the next June— page 924. There was white clover everywhere around here last fall, and yet very little honey. The ground is again covered with a heavy growth, and we hope for better things in 1905. I thmk the sting or poison of wasps, hor- nets, bumble-bees, and yellow-jackets dif- fers from that of our honey-bees. They pain me much more than honey-bees. Even the little yellow-jacket, scarcely larger than a fly, inflicts much more pain than a bee. Isn't it more than likely that the colony that refused to build cells when queenless, page 938, was not queenless at all? I believe more often than many think there are two queens in a hive, and of course the removal of one does not render the colony queenless. I believe bee-stings are a benefit, at least, to those who are troubled with rheumatism. From childhood I have been troubled with rheumatism in my left arm; but when I be- gan to handle bees, at the age of 18, the trouble was greatly relieved, especially dur- ing warm weather when I was among the bees. Later I was out of bees for two years, and the pain was very severe at times, often keeping me awake nights; but as soon as I began to handle bees again, and get a liberal dose of stings daily, the pain disappeared, and very seldom troubles me except in winter. Recently I have had some experience in unqueening black and hybrid bees in a wholesale way. I took a job of requeening 56 colonies for a neighbor; and as he seldom handles his combs I had quite a problem to solve. The bees were mostly in Dovetailed hives with Hoffman frames, and gloriously glued; besides this, some of the combs were crooked. Here is how I managed it: I spread a sheet in front of the hive, and on it, about 3 ft. in front of the hive, I placed an empty super, I would set the hive on the super crosswise, leaving the bottom-board on the stand, glance over the bees on the bottom- board to see if the queen was there, then remove the cover, smoke well on top of the frames to drive the bees down, and then pick the hive up and give it about ten smart jars, drum out the super, replace the hive on the stand, remove the super out of the way, and with the smoker start the bees running into the hive, and pick the queen up as she traveled across the white, sheet in plain sight. In finding a queen in my own apiary I work differently, as the combs are easily re- moved. I decide by a sort of instinct or knowledge, gained from long experience, where the brood-nest is (I refer to late fall work, when there is usually brood in only one or two combs) . I carefully lift out the 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1157 most likely comb, glance over it for eggs, and if none ai-e in sight I lean it against the hive and take the next. As soon as I see eggs I look for the queen, and generally get her by the time I have removed three combs. If she is not on the combs where the eggs are I waste no time in looking over the combs, but remove part of the combs and look on the side and bottom of the hive, where she will often be found, es- pecially if she has any black blood in her. Swedona, 111., Oct. 10. [Perhaps the preceding articles will explain about the clover crops. The evidence is pil- ing up showing the efficacy of the bee in fertilization. —Ed. ] HOFFMAN FRAMES. The Use of Two Followers in a Hive as an Ex- tracting-frame. BY C. E. WOODWARD. J. A. Green, the veteran writer of the Rockies, arrays himself in a very strong and postive manner against the use of two fol- lowers in a hive. Has he ever used two fol- lowers in a hive with the Hoffman frame? It is well to take ample time, and even to experiment to some extent ourselves, before definitely condemning any system. When I was writing on this subject of two follow- ers I was doing so from a comb-honey stand- point. Even in Cuba it would be better to have two followers in comb-honey supers. The merits of the product of the two systems will ultimately decide who are the victors— who is right or who is wrong. Of course, I am speaking of close-fitting followers; and if Mr. Green will try a hive that is factory- made he will see at once that the space is just right. He admits that the Hoffman frame, when handled by intelligent and care- ful operators, will give entirely satisfactory results. This can be said of all frames in use at the present day. But I do say, all things combined, that the Hoffman frame is the best. Now, I'm not keeping bees on paper or in my mind. I'm speaking from experience. Mr. Green speaks of having to pull the top-bar off nearly every frame in the hive before he could get one out; and the bottoms came off, and the ends pulled out. When a man has such trouble as that, then I advise the use of break-joint honey-boards. In fact, no apiary is complete without them. I have used the Hoffman frame, and Dove- tail hive ever since its introduction, and with two followers for comb honey, and find it next to the chaff hive, and have no complaint to make. I also use the break-joint honey- board. I was the first one to introduce them in Cuba. I also believe, as a rule, the merits of the honey-board have, in a great measure, been overlooked by our honey-producers. Matanzas, Cuba, Nov. 21. [Mr. Woodward has just ordered two APIARY OF C. E. WOODWARD, MATANZAS, CUBA. 1153 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Die. 15 thousand two story extracting hives equip- ped with Hoffman frames, and has already three thousand in use, which will make, all t )ld, 5000 two-story hives, or 90,000 frames. His experience is, therefore, somewhat ex- tensive. Some have thought that the Hoff- man frame was not adapted for extracting. As we have a good many more customers who use it for this purpose, and extensively, too, it would seem to be only a question of learning how to use it. — Ed.] SPACING FRAMES. Staple-spaced vs. Loose or Nail-spaced Frames. BY MORLEY PETTIT. I see Dr. C. C. Miller is itching for a scrap about frames with some other member of the Pettit family (p. 936). Well, my time is "scarce," but it will not take long to tell why I like the Pettit style of frames better than any others I have seen. The frame has a fj-inch-wide by §-inch-thick top-bar and a f-inch bottom-bar. The end-bars are 'i inch wide part of the way down, then taper to |. I like this shape because a wedge-shaped comb pulls out of and shoves into the cluster of bees so much easier. I consider Dr. Mil- ler's only objection, that "bees sometimes build past them or between them," very weak compared with this great advantage. The objections I see to the wide bottom-bar are very strong, viz. : 1. They rake and scrape bees as they pass in and out of the hive, unless handled very slowly. 2. They catch dead bees in winter. 3. If two frames are slightly out of square they meet and are glued together at the bottom. 4. If a double brood-chamber is desired, the queen does not so readily go up between wide bottom-bars. Now about those nails and staples. I fully remember the conversation to which Dr. Miller refers. It was at the Chicago convention two years ago, and I had been wanting to meet the doctor and ask him how he could prefer nails to staples. I cer- tainly admitted that staples cut slightly into the wood of the adjoining frame; but at that time I had not tested the nail spacer ■enough to be strong in my objection to it. However, that winter I spaced a few sets of frames with nails instead of staples. Those frames have been an aggravation in the yards wherever they turn up, ever since. Your words, Mr. Editor, express it exactly. The staple "permits of the frame sliding into position better than a nailhead, which has a tendency " (rather is sure) "to Jiook or catch on the next frame." Having used staple spacers four or five years I do not find their cutting into the next frame does any particular harm as yet. When it does I can tack a piece of tin on the top-bar as flat surface for the staple to butt against, rath- er than have the flat head on the spacer. Final. y, Mr. Editor, you say that extract- ed-honey men want, generally, no spacer at all, on account of uncapping. I myself am an extracted-honey man on a fair scale, and would say to the more extensive men that they don't know what they are missing. Let me give a record day which will proba- bly compare favorably with what others do. Between 10 A.M. and 6 P.M. my helper and myself, without other assistance, took off, carried down cellar, extracted, strained, and put in barrels, 2000 lbs. of honey. The honey was three-fourths capped. The ex- ti'actor was a four-frame non-reversible. The honey had to be carried in pails to the strainer, which emptied into the barrel, and, worst of all (?), every frame had staple spacers. Once you know where the staples are to be found on the frame, the danger of running the knife on them is not worth con- sidering compared with the gain in time of having to take no thought for the spacing in the super. I neglected to say that the su- pers were all returned to the hives as we went along, and dinner took at least half an hour of the time. Now, if I seem to have attacked any one, let him do his worst. No one sees more clearly than I the fact that every one has a right to his own way of doing these things; and if you don't want staples and narrow bottom-bars, you seem to me to be the loser thereby. Belmont, Ont., Canada. [There, that is right— give it to the doc- tor. I never could see how he could like those nail spacers in preference to the smooth staples that permit the frames to slide past each other without any hitching or catch- ing. I wonder if the doctor is the only one who uses nail spacers to any extent. —Ed.] BEES ON SHARES. A New Form of Agreement. BY CONTRIBUTOR. I have noticed lately several cases of dis- satisfaction arising from having no written agreement. I have drawn up several docu- ments on lines similar to the one here given. I have thought that this might be of some benefit to those who do not know how to go about drawing up an agreement. The one I send you is very much abbreviated, but it will give one an idea, and he can put in oth- er clauses to meet his particular case or needs. AGREEMENT TO KEEP BEES ON SHARES. The parties to this agreement are John Smith, merchant, of Sunnyside (hereinafter referred to as the proprietor), arid William Brown, bee-keeper, of Greendale (hereinaft- er referred to as the operator). Clause \.— Duration of agreement. The terms of this agreement come into force on Sept. 1, 1904, and end on Sept. 1, 1909. 2. Hives, appliances, and supplies. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1159 The proprietor shall finJ all hives and ap- pliances iitcessary to carry on the business, laid all supplies that may be needed shall be obtained promptly by him when required. 3. Location of apiarij The hives of bees will not necessarily be located on the pi'oprietor's own land. They may be kept at any other place, or in sever- al places, by mutual consent. 4. Labor. All labor to be supplied by the operator. He will devote the whole of his time to the business, should it be necessary, and will also hire labor, should his own time be in- sufficient. He will see to it that at no time shall any necessary work among the hives be neglected. 5. Management. The system of management shall be left •entirely to the operator's own discretion. It is understood, however, that he shall devote his attention to the production of honey rather than increase. He shall make such increase as is consistent with good manage- ment; but the production of honey, not bees, shall be the chief consideration. 6. Increase. The operator shall be entitled to receive increase at the rate of one swarm to each two parent colonies worked that season, :spring count; all other increase, above that amount, to belong to the proprietor. In no •case shall the operator receive more than one-half of the increase, should there be less -than an average of one swarm per parent hive, spring count. 7. Profits. At the close of each season a division shall be made, and each party shall receive one- half of all honey and wax that has been ob- tained. The operator shall hand over the proprietor's share in a marketable condition, and remove his own. The cost of honey- cans, section boxes, super foundation for sections, and crates for marketing, shall be equally divided, but the proprietor shall find brood foundation and all permanent stock in trade. 8. Exhibition. The operator shall have the right to select the choicest of the products, and exhibit them at local fairs in his own name. The proprietor shall not exhibit against him dur- ing the currency of this agreement. 9. Access to property. The operator shall at all times have free access to any part of the proprietor's land for the purpose of attending to his duties; but should he cause injury to standing crops, or do any other damage, he shall be liable for the same. Dated at Sunnyside, this first day of Sep- tember, in the year one thousand nine hun- dred and four. Signed by the above-named John Smith as proprietor, in the presence of . (Signature.) Signed by the above-mentioned William Brown, as operator, in the presence of . (Signatzire.) (Stamp.) Fernhill, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand. [Your form of agreement is all right, ex- cept that you leave out all reference as to who is to furnish the hives— for the increase that goes to the operator. In the absence of any specific statement it is presumed that this expense is borne by the owner of such increase. It is the usual practice in this country, where bees are kept on shares, for all in- crease to go to the proprietor. The idea is to discourage increase, and thus secure the largest amount of honey possible. As a general rule this arrangement gives better results than where increase is divided or on the basis of one in three as provided in your form of contract. With this exception, your agreement is practically the same as our model contract in the ABC book, under the head of "Bees on Shares. " — Ed.] A BUNCH OF QUESTIONS. Size of Entrances; Warm Supers, etc. BY C. H. HOWARD. 1. What is the largest opening required for a colony of bees? Is i of an inch by the width of the hive too much? 2. In a Danzenbaker hive, if some of the bees are shut on the outside of the frames by the long wedges, will they find their way out at the ends of the wedges, or will they remain on the frames and die? 3. Some bee-keepers say, "Don't cover the sections too closely." Mr. Danzenba- ker, in his book, " Facts about Bees," page 45, tells us to cover up the supers very close- ly. Which is the better way? 4. If the ends of the top-bar of the Hoff- man frame are cutoff so there will be | inch space between the ends and the hive, will the bees fill the space up with propolis? 5. I have seen it stated that, with deep bottom-boards, and supers with plain sec- tions, the bees will deposit their honey in the outside rows of sections. Will you ex- plain why they do so? 6. How much honey should be fed daily in the spring to stimulate breeding ? Would not 2 oz. per day be sufficient? I have seen the use of much larger quantities advocat- ed. If 8 ounces or a pound a day were fed, would not the larger portion of it be stored, and room occupied that should be for the accommodation of the queen? Dorchester, Mass. [1. The largest opening required for a colony of bees will depend upon circum- stances. Two inches deep by the width of the entrance may not be too wide in the hot- test season. Usually about one inch by the width of the entrance will be sufficient. In winter time, if wintered outdoors it should not be more than § inch deep, nor more than 8 inches wide. If the colony is not strong, iX4 inches might be enough. In the case of nuclei, smaller entrances still should be used; but where entrances are very much contracted they should be watched so that 1160 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 they do not clog up with dead bees. In the cellar, entrances can not be too wide. They should be as large as the hive will permit. Some go so far as to remove the bottom- boards entirely, and leave the whole bottom of the hive open. 2. Wedges are made just short enough so that there will be a good big bee-space at one end for any bees that may be imprison- ed to escape into the body of the hive. 3. It is our practice and that of Mr. Dan- zenbaker to keep the supers as warm as possible. They can not be protected too much. A super that permits warm air in the top to escape unless in extremely hot weather will not give good results in comb- honey production. 4. Bees will not fill up the space between the ends of Hoffman top-bars if J inch be allowed, unless the locality is one that fur- nishes large quantities of propolis. As a rule this J-inch space is left intact. 5. This statement is not strictly correct, although one quite similar to it has been made. The bottom-board should slant from center to side, so there would be a deep space under the center of the frames and a shallow one under the outside frames. This is to make it easy, so it is said, for the bees laden with honey to go to the outside combs first; but practice does not seem to confirm the theory. When there is a fence used on each outside row there is usually better fill- ing of the outside rows than when there is no such fence. 6. You can not measure the amount of feed a colony requires in ounces, as so much depends upon general weather conditions and the strength of the colony. Two ounces may be enough in some cases, while '2 -lb. may not be too much in others. For stimu- lating feeding, no more should be given than just enough to keep bees rearing brood nicely. If more be given they will be liable to store it in the super if there is one, or crowd the queen by filling up the outside combs, and even the center ones if feeding be continued. — Ed.] M "' 1 :^> fm '^^ 111' *' . SIZE OF WINTER ENTRANCES OUTDOORS FOR A WARM CLIMATE. . How much ventilation should bees have in a climate where the temperature hangs close to 50'^' all winter, very seldom going down to the freezing-point, and where bees fly some every day or so? If we give them as much as 8X§ we are bothered by robbers and also by yellow- jackets. I give mine 4X I on 8 frames, Hoffman, with one fly of bur- lap and four of paper over bees. Bees need no protection from cold here— only protection from rain, which is hard on them, as it is rather cool in the spring in brood time. Do you think the chaff hive would pay for the extra trouble of handling? Adna, Wash., Nov. 14. B. W. Blake. [The question of size of entrance in your case would be dependent wholly upon the size of the colony and its ability to resist robbers. Your climate being so mild you will not need to contract the entrance to keep out the cold. Usually I would say that a full colony should have an entrance 8 inches by I; a weaker one about half as wide; a nucle- us, perhaps one inch wide. But if robbers are bad these widths should be reduced about half. The chaff hives in your case would not be enough better to offset the added cost and inconvenience. — Ed. ] WILL an APIARY CONTRACT FOUL BROOD FIVE MILES AWAY? An apiary of 300 colonies within five miles of me, with a continuous swamp between, was completely demolished by foul brood the last two seasons. My bees are free from it as yet, I think. Do you think it would pay to move them on account of the same? I have some 300 colonies. Macon, Ga., Nov. 11. Judson Heard. [We hardly think there will be any danger of your bees getting foul brood across the swamp. They are not liable to fly more than three miles from home. In case of an ex- treme dearth of honey, possibly they might fly far enough to rob out some of the hives infested with foul brood five miles away. To avoid any possibility of this it might be well to feed a little outdoors. Feed slowly, and dilute the syrup down so that it is very weak, about two pounds of water to one of sugar. —Ed.] WHAT TO do WITH UNSALABLE CHUNK HONEY; THE UTILITY OF A SOLAR WAX- EXTRACTOR. I have quite a lot of chunk honey from transferring bees from old box hives into Danz. hives, and no market for such honey here, and I have no extractor. Can that honey be used to feed bees in spring, after heating it and taking the wax off when cold? Section honey is sold here at 10 cts. a pound, and broken comb from 6 to 8, and granulat- ed sugar costs 6 to 7. Can that honey be di- luted with water when the honey is granu- lated? J. J. Stoltz. Park City, Mont., Nov. 16. [I would recommend you to put the chunk honey you speak of in an ordinary solar wax- extractor. The honey and wax will lain out together in the pans, the wax rising to the top. After it cools it can be removed and the honey fed to the bees. While you could give this chunk honey to the bees it would be better for you to convert the wax into money at once and give the bees the honey without the comb. — Ed.] 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1161 STEALING bees; THE REMEDY. I have had two hives stolen. I had taken out most from the top body. The thieves took the hives in the night, carrying them out in the field away from the house, tore out good honey, then threw the hive and brood down and left for home. I know pretty well who it is, but how can I prove it? The bees came back next day, what were alive; but it is so late, and having no queen or honey I don't know that they are worth saving. How can I protect them in the future? Would they do well in a shed? Are bee- houses a success? I don't know but if I would build a tight fence around them it would be all that is necessary. They are only a few rods fi'om my house. I don't want to give up mv bees. What can I do? Tamaroa, 111., Oct. 11. G. M. Ames. [About the best remedy for a case of this kind is to put up a sign at the bee-yard, of- fering $100 reward for the arrest and con- viction of parties tampering with or stealing your honey or bees. la most States there is a very heavy penalty for such kind of meddling. Thieves of this kind are usually afraid that somebody will ' ' squeal, ' ' and aft- er the sign is put up I do not think you will have any further trouble about their being meddled with. This remedy has been applied in a good many cases, and has worked very satisfactorily. While you may not secure the arrest and conviction of the guilty par- ties, you will probably prevent them from committing any more acts of tresspass like this. House-apiaries are all right, but ex- pensive.—Ed.] VENTILATING THROUGH THE HIVE-BOTTOM FOR WINTER AND SUMMER. I wish to suggest a new kink. I've not tried it. It is to have a ventilator in the bottom-board togive'plenty of air at all times, and such space covered on both sides with wire screen just coarse enough not to let the bees through; then there will be no need of so large an entrance; and in hot weather, when bees get to robbing, close the entrance and not smother the bees. By having such a ventilator the entrance need not be large enough at any time to admit a mouse. Those fellows make me some trouble. I have been cutting alfalfa to-day, Oct. 3, and have not seen a bee in the field. There is plenty of bloom yet, as there has been no frost, except Sept. 15, and that did no dam- age to any thing. They never do work on it much, and there are some seeds on it. I have had alfalfa growing for six years. I sometimes, when the entrance is large, put some loose blocks on the bottom-board under the frames to make a bridge for the bees to get on the combs in the middle of the hives. They should be loose when clearing off the bottom. M. W. MURPHEY. Cuba, III. [I doubt if it would be advisable to have the wire cloth of small enough mesh to ex- clude the bees. Dead bees and general ac- cumulations of dirt would gather on it while in the cellar, to such an extent as practical- ly to defeat the very object of its use. Bet- ter make the meshes large enough so the bees can go through, yet small enough to ex- clude mice. For summer use a wooden slide could close it up entirely when not needed. -Ed.] sciatica and muscular rheumatism cured by bee-stings; the cure in proportion to the pain from the sting. I have been much interested in the articles on bee-stings curing rheumatism; and as a living example that they will do so in cer- tain cases I will give my experience. I am a locomotive engineer, and for 26 years I have been "shook" or "shaken" worse than any shook or shaken swarm, with the result that for years I sufl^ered with sciatica and muscular rheumatism. At one time two doctors told me I would have to give up running an engine. Now my opin- ion is that bee-stings help rheumatism in proportion to the amount the person stung suff'ers from said stings. I have kept bees several years; but one sting on my hand will cause my arm to swell so badly that some- times the skin will crack in places. There have been several times when I have been stung once; and before I could get into the house (a distance of less than 50 ft.) I would be covered with hives from my toes to the top of my head. I would have to be bathed all over my body with saleratus and water to stop the terrible itching; and my wife would say, "Do get rid of those bees; they will kill you yet." But I say, " I do not have any rheumatism." She thinks the remedy is worse than the disease. I have had the rheumatism only once since I got my first stings, and I let the bees sting me twice, and in less than five minutes it was gone. Now, to prove my theory, one of my friends who does not suffer at all when stung had rheumatism. I caught some bees in a box, and he let them sting him, and it did not help him at all. Because they cured me I do not claim they will cure every one, though Mr. Archer (page 1072) thinks that, because he was not cured, the remedy is a failure. F. P. Briggs. Ayer, Mass., Nov. 21. BEE-STINGS AND RHEUMATISM; THE BAD EX- AMPLE OF THOSE HOLY (?) BEES IN STINGING. In your issue for Oct. 1 you express a wish to hear from others relative to the efficacy of bee-stings as a cure for rheumatism. Let me say that, before I began bee-keeping, I was frequently troubled with that rather un- comfortable ailment; indeed, I may say I in- herited a rheumatic tendency; but I was at- tacked with bee-fever about 35 years ago, and bought 25 colonies of Italians of Mr. King, the editor of a bee-paper in New York, now defunct. They cost me $250. If I had been content with the Italians I might have had the rheumatism to-day; but I added to my apiary some Holy Land or Cyprian bees. 1162 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 Holy Land! how they did sting! They knocl<- ed rheumatism and patience and good humor all out of me for the time being. I didn't keep them long, but my bees have never quit stinging since. I think the bad example of those holy (?) bees has never been quite forgotten by my previously well-behaved Italians; and even this past summer I have been the daily recipient of anywhere from three to three dozen stings; but I have no rheumatism, and for years I have had scarce- ly a twinge of it. By the way, I am glad of a single remark in one of your footnotes about the peculiar crossness of this year's bees; viz., 'but such crossness I have usually traced to a little in- fusion of the five-banded blood." I wonder if those five-banded or golden ■ Italians, of which I have recently introduced quite a number of queens, do not originate from the savage little Cyprians. Some of my handsomest five-banded bees ai'e the crossest little wretches that ever carried a sting. My experience tallies exactly with yours in this matter. Almost invariably I iiave noticed that the attacking parties have issued from one of either pure-golden or a mismated queen's half-golden progeny. I am not half so enthusiastic an admirer of the golden uniformed warriors as I was two years ago. J. Ferris Patton. Newtown, 0., Oct. 11. [We were obliged to weed out all the queens of the extra-yellow sort from our apiary next to the factory building because it had so many cross bees in it that it was not safe for teams to go through the yard. Since that time we have had very little trouble. The ordinary imported leather- colored stock is so gentle that one can usu- ally work in the yard day after day without a veil. Yes, I have thought that this extra- yellow stock descended from this holy (?) stock, for— holy smoke!— how they could sting! I understand that some of these strains of yellow bees were not cross, but I have nev- er yet run across them. — Ed.] RHEUMATISM CURED BY BEE-STINGS. I see a great deal is said about stings. I can add my experience with the rest. When I left Illinois I was almost a cripple from rheumatism. I arrived in California about 19 years ago. The climate helped me some; but after being 8 years here, I went into the bee business, and from that time on I have not had the least bit of rheumatism. I can be stung a hundred times, and it leaves no mark on me. B. P. Shirk. Hanford, Cal. GRIFFITH S SHEDDED APIARY. 190-t GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1163 THE 4v5 SECTION?. I send you a co iple of i.hotup, one of one super from a Danzenbaker hive, swarm hived June 3 (natural swarm). The super was taken off July 13, and they now have that nearly complete. I had six swarms left from last wmter, and increased to 15. I h:ive taken off 260 lbs. of comb honey, and expect about 500 lbs. more. I wish to try for the premium at the State fair this year with the 4x5 plain section. There is one premium for the most attractive display. It was awarded to an exhibit in an oaken cross covered with glass. The other view shows my little apiary under a shed. R. Griffith. Kenosha, Wis., Aug. 13. [The person at the left of the pile of honey would indicate that a "better half" had a hand in the production of that honey. Beg pardon, may be she is a best girl. In either case Gleanings expresses its best wishes. Those little apiaries, while they may not make a big showing on the market, often bring a world of enjoyment to their owners. I judge yours is one of them. — Ed.] H)WT)SH'P 10.) 001/)NIK3 Of-' BEES FROM CANADA TO JAMAICA. I am thinking of shipping 100 colonies of bees from here to Montego Bay. Jamaica, about the loth of next month. They would be in cellar at this date, and would require to be put in shipping condition in cellar. The temperature outside usually runs from zero to 20 above. Under these circumstances do you think I can make the shipment a success "from apiary here? Bees would be moved to car on sleighs, then by car 750 miles to ship, thence by ship to Montego Bay: from there to apiary about 6 miles on wagons. The bees at Montego Bay would be gathering honey at date of arrival of my bees. I would go in charge of the bees. I have had no experience in handling bees on cars or ship. I have moved bees on wagons with good success. If you think the shipment can be made a success, kindly advise how to put the bees in the best possible shipping or- der—what care they should receive en route, what part of the ship to be placed in; if each hive should be spread out or piled one hive on top another. Edmond I. Berry. Brome, Que., Canada, Nov. 11. THE product OF ONE SWARM IN SIX WIEKS. 1164 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 [I think there will be no difficulty about shipping bees and having them hauled upon sleds or sleighs to the railroad station. In very cold weather they will not require very much ventilation, of course. The hives should be so prepared that the frames will be secure, and so that there shall be both top and bottom ventilation when the bees get into a warm climate. It is better to have wire cloth covering the whole bottom and the whole top. There should be a rim about two inches deep nailed on top of the hive, and then on top of this the wire cloth. Arrangements should be made to give the bees water when they arrive at a point in the journey where it is very warm. The wire cloth on top can be sprinkled very liber- ally to advantage. Combs should not be too heavy with honey, and, of course, all ought to be wired. However, if you see to load- ing and unloading they might go through without wiring. In loading bees on a freight train be sure that the frames are parallel with the rails, not crosswise; in loading on a wagon it is better to have frames parallel to the axletrees. In a sleigh or sled it will not make very much difference how they are loaded. It would be advisable to strew about five or six inches of straw in the wagon and on the car bottom. This is to cushion the load of bees and allow a little for vibration. You want to make arrange- ments so that the bees on arrival at their southern destination are moved immediately. It would not be advisable to wait to get some drayman, but through correspondence have one ready as soon as possible when the bees arrive, or several of them. Bees ought to have a flight almost immediately on ar- riving at destination. Load the bees on shipboard on top of the deck in the shade where they can get plenty of air. If you can get the room, spread them out; if not, pile them up, but leave plenty of air space between. The hives will need to be secured to the deck to prevent being knocked around in a heavy sea. —Ed.] BEST TIME TO REQUEEN. I wish to requeen. What is the best time for this— before, after, or during the honey- flow, or as early as possible in spring, or as late as possible in fall? My queens are not clipped. What is the best time for attend- ing to that? Austin D. Wolfe. Parkville, Mo., Nov. 21. [The best time to requeen is immediately after the honey-flow, or main honey-flow. If you requeen in the spring you are liable to set the colony back by several days. Re- queening can be done, however, before the honey-flow, without material loss, on the following plan: Leave the old queen in the hive; cage the new one, and leave her caged for two or three days while the old one is go- ing on with her regular work. At the end of that time uncover the candy for the in- troducing-cage; dig out enough so the queen will be released in three or four hours by the bees; and before closing up the hive remove the old queen. The new queen, having the scent of the old colony, will be accepted as soon as she is released, the presence of the old queen not interfering in the least. In this way a colony is requeened with hardly any loss of time. —Ed.] HIVE-RABBETS. Seeing the account of Mr. Brunskog's manner of lengthening the top-bar by chang- ing the hive-rabbet, page 609, and the sub- sequent comments, pages 636 and 848, impels me to send you a description of the rabbet as made in the hives, in use at the present time, in our apiaries. Knocking out the rabbet and nailing on a cleat, as Mr. Brunskog does, is what we do exactly. We, however, drop the cleat down till the top edge is one inch below the upper edge of hive end. This arrangement will al- low the frames to be picked up by the ends. which is the correct way. The rabbet, as now made in the Dovetailed hive, is itsweak- est point. Before adopting our present style, quite one-half of our hives had the rabbets broken out, any way. The least tap is suf-i ficient to break out a rabbet; and we have had them, when securely stuck to the cover, split out and come away with that. Mr. Brunskog has improved upon hive-rab- bets by giving more room in which to length- en the top-bar, and giving a secure handhold; but he has, it appears, entirely lost sight of the most importantpoint— access to the ends of the frames. Dr. L. E. Kerr. Germania, Ark. [Your suggestion is a good one, and it is in one respect superior to Brunskog's in that it can be applied to hives already in use, and to covers already in use, by cutting out the rabbet by nailing on an extra cleat below the one already on the cover. But in another way it is open to a serious objectfon; name- ly, that such hives and covers and frames with extra long top-bars would not be inter- changeable with other hives in use over the country, and to that extent it would be odd- sized and irregular. The average bee-keeper who has a consid- erable number of colonies is quite liable to 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1165 be either absorbed by some bee-keeper larg- er than himself, or to absorb the other fel- low. Very often there is a bee-keeper in a locality who does a larger business than the rest. He makes his bees pay while his neigh- bors, owing to his own superior management, are not able to make a living. The big one, of course, would like to have all the territory to himself. The little fellows become dis- couraged, and are willing to sell out. They get their heads together and begin to talk business. Suppose each one has different kinds of hives or covers. The seller will have to sacrifice in order to strike a bargain; and the buyer will have to submit to all kinds of inconvenience by reason of the lack of in- terchangeability. I have seen this condition of affairs in many parts of the country; and when we attempt to make any radical de- parture we are obliged to put up with a great deal of inconvenience. — Ed.] THE NUMBER OF COLONIES TO A GIVEN LO- CALITY; FEEDING IN THE FALL. 1. At my suburban home, three-fourths of a mile from the center of a city of 25,000 in- habitants, I have a hive of bees which for the last five years have averaged about 50 lbs. of honey. Within a radius of two miles there are probably not to exceed a dozen colonies. There is a fair succession of hon- ey-producing flowers in this vicinity, though no very great abundance of any kind. This year's honey crop (which, by the way, broke the record, notwithstanding the fact that clover was practically nil) was about as fol- lows: From locust, 23 lbs.; ailantus and ca- talpa, 27 lbs.; sumac, 20 lbs., all comb hon- ey. Late this year I got two more colonies. How many more can probably be kept with profit in this locality? 2. When eight-frame Dovetailed hives are operated for comb honey only, the brood- chamber being left undisturbed, will the bees, in an average year, store enough hon- ey to winter safely without fall feeding, es- pecially where there is a good scattering of heartsease, asters, and goldenrod? E. W. Peirce. Zanesville, Ohio, Nov. 4, 1904. [1. It is hard to estimate how many colonies •could be kept in your locality— possibly 40 to 50, although the average per colony would be a little less than where you have only a few. It will, perhaps, be advisable for you to increase the number to 10 or 15. If these give you good average yields, keep on in- creasing until the average is materially re- duced. 2. This is a hard question to answer, as every thing depends upon the season. With a year like that mentioned in question No. 1, an eight-frame hive would have enough, after taking away the surplus, to winter on, but generally the bees will require to be fed a little after all the honey but that in the brood-nest has been taken away. If you can exchange 3-cent sugar syrup for a win- ter food for 10 or 15 cent comb honey you can afford to feed a little.— Ed.] A SWARM OF drones. I want to tell you about my new expe- rience. I was watching the bees; and, im- agine my surprise to find quite a swarm hanging high in a tree. So I got my step- ladder and hoop, and climbed up and cap- tured my swarm, when I found it was only a bunch of drones and a very few workers. Can any one explain where they came from, and what would have become of them if I had not got hold of them? Spearfish, S. D. N. L. Anderson. [This swarm may have been the remnant of a fertile worker or a drone-laying colony. As things were all going wrong they swarm- ed out just as stocks will frequently do when conditions are going from bad to worse. — Ed.] HOFFMAN SHALLOW EXTRACTING-FRAMES TOO LIGHT. The Hoffman frame was pretty well dis- cussed in the Oct. 1st issue. That frame suits me very well just as it is, and so does the division-board. I think it best at first to put one in at each side of the frames; if only at one side the comb next to the hive is often pasted to the hive because the space is too small; and would it not be well to have di- vision-boards between all the combs, sash or frame, at first, till the combs are built straight, which would necessitate leaving out some frames at first till the division- boards have been removed? The division- boards should be made of slats like the fence in the supers, and such springs as are in the supers would be nice to keep up the frames in the brood-nest. As I said, the U3G GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 Hoffman frame is all right in the brood-nest; but the extracting-frames that I got with the same shipment are very inferior. I would be willing to pay better prices if I could get such as are in the brood-nest. Cuba, 111., Oct. 5. J .M. W. Murphey. stands with no extra protection, in eight- frame Dovetail hi\ es. James T. Shackelfoko. Nepton, Mo., Nov. 27. [The extracting-frames have been made lighter to allow for more comb surface. To use a top-bar I inch thick, in the extracting- frame only 5| inches deep, same as is used in the frame 9g inches deep, would make too great a disproportion, and cut down the comb space materially. We can very easily sup- ply thick top-bars for such frames at a very slight extra price. — Ed.] WHAT AN EXTENSIVE USER HAS TO S^AY OF HOFFMAN FRAMES. I shall continue to use Hoffman frames with the V edge. I have used the square edges, and decidedly prefer the V. I have perhaps 10,000 of them in use, as well as a large number of unspaced frames. These last I shall gradually replace with Hoff- mans. We run for extracted honey exclu- sively, using 9 frames in the super, and we lind that the contention in regard to the projections of the end-bars being in the way while uncapping is almost entirely unfound- ed in actual practice, as well as other claims of their being harder to handle, etc. I am well aware that some will say that, by the use of 9 frames in the super of a ten-frame hive, we do away with the self-spacing fea- ture of the Hoffman frame. But when we remember that it is desirable to have frames that are interchangeable from super to brood-chamber, all will be clear. Taking it all in all, I consider the Hoffman the best frame on the market to-day. William Rohrig. Tempe, Ariz., Nov. 12. STORES NEEDED FOR OUTDOOR WINTERING. Mr. Editor:— I notice that you say on p. 1059 that you figure on from 15 to 20 lbs. of honey to the colony for outdoor wintering. This may do for your locality; but it would be hardly safe for all to go on that plan. We need in this locality at least 10 lbs. more than that. I followed the advice of the ABC book for several winters, and allowed 25 lbs. per colony, and my bees generally came through the winter weak, and short of stores. I now leave 35 to 40 lbs. to the col- ony, and get much better results. My bees come out in spring strong in numbers and stores, with comparatively no winter loss. HOFFMAN FRAME WITH SQUARE EDGES. I hope you will make the Hoffman frame with square edges to the end-bars next year, as I prefer them; otherwise the frame suits me very well. I would not exchange it for any other frame that I know of, as it is. I use 7 frames in the surplus stories of an e'ght-frame hive, and discard the follow- er. I do not have very much trouble from propolis. I winter outdoors on summer BABY NUCLEI ; MATING QUEENS FROM BIG QUEEN-CAGES. I am glad to hear baby nuclei are so much appreciated. This reminds me of something I did a few years ago. I never told you about it, but will now. One summer I raised so many queens in a lamp-nursery I did not have hives enough to introduce them as fast as they were hatched; then I put some in big queen-cages. I left them caged till I thought they were ready to fly: then I opened cages only after dinner, and to be sure said queens flew out and got mat- ed. But as these cages had no combs to lay in, then the drawback came. D. E. Best. Best's, Lehigh Co., Pa., Oct. 26. HOW TO RP:AD GLEANINGS. Owing to the privilege of discussion which is extended to readers of Gleanings, no one issue of the journal is complete. To pick up one copy and endeavor to get from it all it contains is Hke reading a chapter or two of a story and trying to imagine what has gone before. There are so many references made in each issue to things which have been print- ed in past issues, that, in order to get full benefit of the matter before one, constant reference must be made to back numbers. There is also another peculiar feature of Gleanings, resulting, hke the first, from the practice of discussion; and that is, the conversational tone of its articles. To open a journal is quite like stepping into a com- pany of people earnestly engaged in discuss- ing the various phases of a certain subject- one which has evidently been frequently dis- cus-^ed in like manner before. To get the full benefit of the present meeting, one should, therefore, have been present at the others, and it is just so with Gleanings. To illustrate I will quote from the first page of the issue for Nov. 1. Six out of the eight Straws on that page are references to and further discussions of matter printed in the preceding issue. Only by having read, or referring to the former journal, can one grasp all the meaning of the subjects men- tioned. No ordinary memory can recall at a mo- ment's notice just exactly what or all that has been said on any subject to which refer- ence may be made again at some future time; hence it is a good plan to keep the last copy at hand until after the next is read. The way we have learned to do here is to hunt up the last one when the next is received, and sit down with both together. Then prob- ably we shall have to go and get another or two of still earlier date before we are through with the last one. In this way nothing es- capes us, for bv the time we get through with any copy there is not much in it but has been mentally digested. To any, if such there be, who feel Ihat 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1167 they do not get all out of Gleanings that they might, I would recommend this plan of reading, or study, rather, for study it neces- sarily is. If read for a time in this way its value will be multiplied, especially to the farmer bee-keeper, who must use his spare moments to the best possible advantage, and yet who particularly needs just such concen- trated knowledge as may be gathered from this and similar publications. By the way, what has become of the "brushed swarm " advocates of two seasons ago? Undoubtedly many were led by the va- rious articles on the subject printed in Glean- ings and other bee- journals to try that plan of management. I should like to know if any have persisted with the system; and, if so, when they supersede their queens, and how often. This appeared to me as the prin- cipal drawback, for of course the old queen is brushed along with her bees. I have been expecting something on this subject before now, but so far have been disappointed. Mrs. Millie Honaker. OUR HOMES, BY A.I. ROOT. Thou hast loved righteousness and hated iniquity; therefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows. — Heb. 1 : 9. From childhood up I have been fond of the magazines. I used to read Harper's almost as long ago as I read the Scientific Ameri- can; but even when a boy I used to get in- dignant at the ghost-stories because the magazine left them or chronicled them as if they were real facts. Later in life there were other things that seemed to me not exactly in the line of righteousness. Re- cently magazines have become much more plentiful, and so cheap they are now found in the homes of people in very moderate circumstances. A magazine is different from a newspaper inasmuch as it is expected to be edited with more care. The news given is supposed to be more reliable; and as the editor has a v/hole month to prepare it, the stories are supposed to be of a higher order, the work of our best-educated and talented men and women. There are Christian peo- ple, I am well aware, who object to fiction, but perhaps not as many now as there used to be; and the whole world now recognizes the value of choice fiction. It sends home ti'uths, many times, that could not be gotten before the people in any other way. Well, for years past I have been tried and often- times indignant because of certain features of the fiction of the present day. We have now a large number of ten-cent magazines. They are offered for sale everywhere. I think they have largely taken the place of the ten-cent dime novels, and may the Lord be praised for it. But although these mag- azines contain so much that is gi'and and good, and although they contain now and then some splendid temperance articles, there is one feature in them that is lacking —at least I have not been able to find a real wide-awake magazine, up to the times, that is not more or less faulty in this respect. The inclosed clipping from a daily newspa- per tells it better than I can: ALCOHOL INFLUENCING THE LITERATURE OF THE DAY. Philadelphia, Dec. 1.— The National W. C. T. U. adopted a resolution as follows: "We deplore the ten- dency of modern writers of fiction to assume that the bottle and the pipe are necessary adjuncts of many of their characters, and we recognize the statments of Dr. Crothers, the well-known authority on inebriety, 'that the use of alcohol is influencing the literature of the day.' " I am not sure that the brewers' combine pay certain men for writing stories that would probably find their way into the aver- age magazine; but I have suspected many times they were doing this. When you are traveling and have to wait for a train, a magazine comes in very nicely. You start in with a story, and it opens up with so much skill, and is so entertaining, you men- tally thank God for the magazines with their able writers. The hero of the tale is pictured as one of the bright able men of the day. He does many things that we can not help admiring; but pretty soon he in- vites all hands to a bar somewhere for drinks; and the magazine article weaves it in with such rare skill that one is almost persuaded it were the thing to do under the circumstances. Blasphemy and foul oaths are brought in in the same way. No wonder the boys of the present age are encouraged to think it is the proper thing to swear ("until the air is blue") under certain provocations. Pipes and cigars are brought into the story in the same way. When I express my indignation to the younger ones of our family because of such a mixture of vileness and indecency they reply, ' ' O fa- ther, you must not expect every thing of a periodical that does not claim to give us re- ligious literature. Sort out the good and let the bad go, or skip it." There is one particular magazine that be- gan a grand work in exposing the iniqui- ties of our great cities. Our minister has frequently mentioned this magazine in a way that would lead his hearers to think it was one that the whole family should read; and yet in one number there were stories that seemed to indorse in strong terms not only whisky, tobacco, and gambling, but there were stories to the effect that prize-fighting might be all right under certain circum- stances. The great world does not always know what good reasons (?) the prize-fighter might have for following his profession. A little further on in the same story this same hero was represented as excusable for en- couraging something worse still. When I called our pastor's attention to the perni- cious effect of these very ingeniously writ- ten pieces of fiction he said he had not no- ticed it until I pointed it out; and he seemed to think it was not a matter of very great importance after all. Well, he may be right. 1168 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 or partly so; but I can not give up that I am entirely wrong. I agree with the W. C. T. U. resolution quoted in the above extract. I think it is a shame and an outrage that our story-writers should help the saloon, espe- cially when there is such a terrible conflict going on in regard to the rum business all over the world. One of the speakers at one of the Anti- saloon meetings threw a banner across the stage with the heading, ' ' A barrel of whis- ky or a bushel of Bibles." He said that, at a recent meeting of the Liquor League, one of the speakers told us to bring on our Bibles, as big a stack as we pleased, and he said he would beat us all out of sight with a barrel of whisky. I am exceedingly obliged to him. I have several times wished that the whole world could read some of the liq- uor papers— the Wine and Spirit Neivs, for instance. I wish the people who declare the Anti-saloon League does not amount to any thing would read these liquor publications. Evidence furnished by the enemy would probably be credited. The question that lies before us, dear friends, is, when boiled down, Which will come out ahead— the Bi- bles or the whisky-barrel? During one of the sessions in Columbus it was my pleasure to meet and get pretty well acquainted with Miss Lucy Page Gas- ton. Many of our readers will recognize her as having charge of the department of the W. C. T. U. work in a crusade against cigarettes. Several States in the Union have passed laws that I believe are well en- forced against both the manufacture and sale of cigarettes; and from the expression given through our papers and everywhere else, we would suppose almost every man. woman, and child, with the exception of the cigar- makers, and venders and users of the same, would vote against cigarettes. Miss Gaston told me that the protest seemed to be so great and universal she supposed there would be no question about getting a prohibitory law. As soon as the crusade was well under way, however, the manufacturers of cigar- ettes declared that the proposed law should not be passed, even if it cost them a great sum of money— I think it was something like $100,000. They would spend this enor- mous sum of money rather than see their lucrative business cut off, even though that business involved the making of idiots and imbeciles of our schoolboys. And yet these same magazine articles indorse cigarettes. They tell us of fine ladies who make their gentlemen friends presents of cigarette- holders, etc. If you will read the current papers you will see the brewers are getting to be great- ly worried. The Anti-saloon League all through the United States is making wet territory dry at such a rapid rate the brew- ers are feeling it keenly; and they are leav- ing no stone unturned, not only in holding their own, but to hunt up new territory. At the Anti-saloon League congress we had a delegate from the Indian Territory. He begged our indulgence, at the opening of his talk, if he spent a little time in giv- ing a sketch of what the Indians are doing in the way of civilization. He said we would see the application a little later on if we were patient. Then he told us about the good farmers among the Indians, of the merchants, manufacturers to some extent, of their schools and churches, periodicals, and of their wealth. I suppose you all know that, up to the present time, there have been very stringent laws against sell- ing intoxicants to Indians. When I was in Arizona I asked my brother ivhy they were so very emphatic about prohibition among the Indians. He explained it was because they were only partly civilized. When an Indian is drunk he is a savage again, or per- haps a maniac. He is on the war-path and on the war-dance with a whoop and a yell. He kills without care or regard, not only enemies, if he has any, but his own family as well. An Indian, when drunk, is a ma- niac—a mad man. By the way, it seems a little funny it has never occurred to our law-givers and law-makers that there are quite a few ivkite people who are not much better off. Well, this delegate from the In- dian Territory told us the brewers had their eye on these Indian villages and cities. A petition is now before Congress to permit them to introduce beer among the Indians. What excuse do they give for such a peti- tion? Well, it is something like this: They say the Indians are now sufficiently civilized so they are able to judge for themselves, like white men (?) as to when they have had enough to drink, or as to whether they ought to drink at all. They would thus el- evate the savages to a position of dignity, where they will be able to rule themselves instead of being subjects of legislation, etc. Now, this delegate actually plead and beg- ged that great convention to pass resolu- tions and send personal protests to Con- gress, urging that no such petition be grant- ed; and he gave us a picture of what would surely happen were beer-saloons allowed in the Indian Territory. He said there was no doubt the brewers would reap a rich harvest; for the Indians, after they once get started, would spend every thing and sell every thing for drink.* Now, then, friends, again, which is to rule in this nation of ours— a "bushel of Bibles" or a " barrel of whisky"? When it comes to voting on the manufacture and sale of cigarettes, are respected, educated Chris- tian people to decide the matter, or is the $100,000 belonging to the makers of cigar- ettes to decide in regard to our laws? Miss Lucy Page Gaston, when she told me her disappointments and defeats in her line of * Since the above was in type I see by the dailies that the brewers are putting up buildings all .through the Indian Territory, where, they tell the people, beer is to be sold as soon as this matter comes before Congress; or, in other words, they are going to open up beer-sell- ing among the Indians unless the people make too much fuss about it, as they did about the canteen in the army, for illustration. Now, friends, we want not only the prayers of Christian people, but we want such a loud protest that it will be heard and felt to the very ends of the nation. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1169 Christian work, seemed downhearted and discouraged. She said everybody was will- ing to assent that cigarettes ought to be banished, but they were not ready to do any thing particularly. She rejoiced to know that the heads of great factories as well as railroad lines decline to employ a man who uses cigarettes; but that when it came to legislation there seemed to be a general be- lief that, where great factories are making money, and paying a big lot of taxes, they could not very well be interfered with. Now to go back to that newspaper extract: It is not at all surprising that the use of alcohol is influencing the literature of the day. If there is any thing that the liquor- business is not influencing, I should be glad to know it. The W. C. T. U. has been instru- mental in introducing text-books through- out the United States, warning the children against the evils of intoxicants. But we were informed at the convention that the liquor-dealers are making vehement protests against these same school text-books; and they have got some men who stand pretty well up, to agree to help them in getting these books out of the schools. They claim it is out of place, etc. Now, if the schools of our land are not the place to warn our children against intemperance, where in the world is the place? May be I am finding a good deal of fault with this land of ours and of what is going on; but I am not by any means unmindful of the glorious things that are being done, and of the good men we have in high office. It was my good friend Miss Gaston who wrote our President, and received a letter saying he had never used tobacco in anyway, shape, or manner, and that it was very unlikely he ever would use it.* No wonder he takes such a stand as this when we take a glimpse of that bright family of a goodly number that is growing up around him. I have just seen a brief statement in one of the dailies that President Roosevelt has already ex- pressed his disapproval of letting the brew- ers carry beer into the Indian Territory. May God guide and give our President cour- age and wisdom to stand his ground. In our last issue I told you of the business of a "procurer." He is employed to get hold of young women who get off the trains in the great cities unattended. I am glad to tell you that the Y. W. C. A. has estab- lished itself so well in the depots of nearly all of our large cities that they have a com- petent woman to look after unattended girls. I have met members of this organization in different cities, and have thanked God for the work they are doing. In this connec- * This matter came about, so Miss Gaston told me, something this way: Mrs. Carrie Nation was denounc- ing the grown-up men who set an example before the boys of using cigarettes; and in her vehement reckless way she declai-ed that President Roosevelt was a user of cigarettes. Several remonstrated at this, and finally Mrs. " Carrie " said, " If you will prove to me that Pres- ident Roosevelt does not use cigarettes I will donate $50 to your anti-cigarette crusade." I asked Miss Gaston if Mrs. Nation turned over the money as agreed when she found out she was mistaken. She replied it had not as yet been forthcoming. tion I should make a great mistake if I should fail to mention Miss Helen Gould and the grand work she is doing for her fellow men and women. May God be praised for at least one woman who has great wealth and is using it for the purpose of lifting up and protecting her sisters. In the opening of my talk I complained a little about Harper's Magazine as it used to be in my boyhood. I am now going to say something in favor of the Harper publica- tions. It was one of my happy surprises when I found the following in Harper's Weekly : The standard of manners among smokers seems to be low. The men who bring lighted cigars into street-cars and the cars of the elevated railroad, the men who ci-owd the back platform of surface-cars and smoke in the face of every passenger who crowds past them to get on or off, clearly and scandalously disregard the rights of others. They are usually men who, judging from their outward appearance, ought to know better. But they don't seem to know better. They don't seem to appreciate that their behavior is an imposition on public patience. These street-car smokers ought not to be tolerated, and we hope that an inclination recently disclosed by the health authorities and the railroad officers to get after them will bear prompt and effectual fruit. There are fit places for tobacco-smoke, cigarettes, and cigar-stumps. Out of place they are all offensive. To smoke in the street is inexpedient at best. To carry a lighted cigar into any house, into any shop, elevator, waiting-room, or vehicle is bad manners, ranging in de- gree, according to circumstances, from inconsiderate- ness up to boorishness. Women, as a rule, don't smoke, and careful consideration for their wishes as to tobacco should always be shown by smokers while in their company. If every magazine in our land would give place to a similar editorial it might do more good than anybody can ever measure; and if every one who reads our current magazines would send a nice little note to the editor, protesting against the stories that even in- directly encourage vice and intemperance, I think we might soon have some stories just as interesting at the same time that they up- hold "righteousness" and discourage "in- iquity." SELLING "secrets;" OR, "HOW TO DO THINGS " FOR A SUM OF MONEY. Our older readers will remember how pro- nounced and decided I have always been against this practice. First, whoever gets a dollar or more for any secret ought to fur- nish a decent-sized book according to the amount of money charged. If he does not do this, and sends only a few directions printed on a single slip of paper, the recipi- ent could copy it for his neighbors, or, bet- ter still, have it published for the benefit of all. Of course the vender sometimes ex- acts a promise not to divulge the secret; but I would always object to making any promise not to divulge what would be of benefit to my fellow-man. Now, I want to give you an illustration from a transaction from real life. In several of our automo- bile journals we have the following: DON'T THROW those worn-out tires away; none so bad but that can be fixed at small cost. A revelation. Write to-day. P. B. Fellwock, Evansville, Ind. After reading the above I recalled I had two ' ' played - out ' ' automobile tires that 1170 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 cost $15 to $18 each. One of them had run less than a year, yet the manufacturer said it was good only for scrap. What do you suppose the shrinkage in value is between the first cost and "scrap" value in less than a year? Well, all they wanted to allow me for the scrap was 36 cents. Accordingly, I was in just the right mood to write to Mr. Fellwock. Here is his answer: Mr. A. I. Root.— Regarding my method of repairing auto tires, I am pleased to say that, after exhaustive tests, much trouble and expense, I have at last found a quick and sure way to make even a very badly worn tire last a great while longer. The method applies to either single, double, or clincher tires, but it is more and exceptionally satisfactoi-y on the single-tube type. It is best adapted to 2' j-incli or 3-inch tires. It is sim- ple but effective, having all the advantages of solid rub- ber tires, devoid of punctures, as it requires neither air nor pump. To be brief, it is a filling that is placed within the tire. It requires no tools, and can be done by any one in an hour's time. Big holes, blow-outs, or long cuts anywhere about the tire are no barrier to this method. It can be done with a cheap or a better material. The cost of the former on a 2VL'x28-inch tire will be less than $2,00, and the cost of the better will not exceed $3.50 per tire. I strongly recommend the latter, as it can be tak- en out after the tire is completely worn, and be placed in another one. The material for this purpose can be bought in any city of any size. I have owned an automobile for over two years, and my tire troubles have been many: but I now consider them overcome, and feel much relieved at the thought. Furthermore, rubber tires are sky-high, and the end of advances is not yet in sight; so it pays thus to use up those old cast-off and considerably worn-out tires, and give the tire-manufacturers a chance to catch up with the demand and again price their product within the reach of all. This is made possible by my method of prolonging the life of your tires. The price of recipe, with complete instructions, is $3.00. Detailed directions accompany each recipe, which will be promptly mailed upon receipt of $3.00 in cash, check, or money order. I am not compelled to make any side money, as my in- come is ample: but I am an auto enthusiast, and feel that, by spreading my method, I do a good turn to many, and many more good turns to your tires. But as this takes time and money I feel justified in calling for the above fee. Remember, the better grade of material can be used in a number of tires, which is a decided saving in time and money. P. B. Fellwock. Evansville, Ind. The above letter made me still more anx- ious to have his valuable secret, especially as there is not a word said about giving the recipe to others; so I made haste to send the $3.00 so I might give the discovery to the readers of Gleanings. Below is what I got for the money : THE "$3.00 SECRET." Buy of some rubber concern 2-inch best-quality rubber balls. They cost about $1.00 per dozen, and it takes 44 balls for a 2V-x28-inch tire. The Day Rubber Co., of St. Louis, handles a suitable ball. Now, at the tire cut a gash at the inner side of the tire as if you were insert- ing an inner tube: cut similar gash at the opposite inner side, punching holes one inch apart and one-half inch • from the edges— these for the lacing. Ram the balls in the casing with a bent iron bar or crooked stick. Be sure that every ball is driven home— an all-round tight fit is essential. The last ball may have to be trimmed slightly: then lace up the gashes, and your tire is ready for business. A cheap 2-inch ball can be bought for about 50 cents per dozen: but they will crush, and are not as resilient as the better quality. For a 3-inch tire it takes a ZVj- inch ball, but it is well to measure carefully the inside of the tire, as some have a heavier stock than others. Big holes about the tread can be covered with patches from other old tires, and will stay in place a long while, as there is no pressure outward. Clincher tires are somewhat harder to handle: and as there are so many different makes it is hard to give directions: but there is some way of fastening the outer casing of every style. In the heavy-base tire it may be necessary to cut a hole in the tread to get in the last few balls; but this hole can be patched up as above stated, and give good service. If your old casing is pretty well worn, and limber, lace it on to the rim to insure the stay of it. In ramming in the balls, do not hit them with the bar. but use a round block of wood three inches long that fits loosly in the tire. This will absorb the shock and protect the balls while being driven in. Such tires should be used for front wheels only, as the traction duty on rear wheels is too severe. Yours truly, Evansville, Ind., Dec. 5. P. B. Fellwock. Well, I have spent a good deal of money in purchasing recipes for making artificial honey, how to catch absconding swarms, etc. ; but I believe the above is the most reasonable of any of them. By the way, I forgot to mention in the proper place that there is one other objection to selling se- crets. Almost without exception they are something that is already in print. I paid a man $1.00 for a recipe for making artificial honey, and found, after I got it, it was printed word for word in Dr. Chase's " Re- ceipt-book;" and after reading the above I was reminded that the suggestion of using rubber balls instead of inner tubes has al- ready appeared in print in some of the auto- mobile journals. Now, I do not suppose this recipe is worth $3.00 to every reader of Gleanings; but we will say there is one man in a thousand who can use it for automobiles, bicycles, or something of that sort. In that case it would be worth pretty nearly $50.00 to our family. By the way, he admits in the above that it is suitable only for the front wheels, and, if I am correct,, that it is not very practicable for clincher tires— the kind that is mostly used on all automobiles. Never mind. I have had some more experience in purchasing secrets. FAKE weather FORECASTS. Under the above heading the Country Gentleman for Nov. 10 gives a very valua- ble paper from the New York State Direc- tor of the United States Weather Bureau. Commenting on the above they add: It is many years since the Country Gentleman gave final quietus to the wheat-turning-to-chess nonsense, by the simple expedient of offering a reward, we believe of $500, for a root bearing the stems of both plants, com- petitors being required to deposit some small sum as a forfeit in case the stems should prove to be merely twined together. Needless to say, not a single sample was ever presented. We believe the time has now come for extinguishing the long-range weather-fore- cast nonsense. We therefore beg to say that we will pay $500 dollars for a correct prophecy of the weather at Albany for any month selected by the proph- et six months in advance, under simple and perfectly fair conditions to be formulated in the (extremely im- probable) event of anybody's desiring to try his hand at the undertaking. In addition to the above I will give $1000 to the weather-almanac prophet if he will even give us any reasonable forecast of what any month will be in any given locahty. There is one particular point where people who have faith in these long-range fore- casters seem to be weak. Almost every month has some marked peculiarity, some very unusual feature in regard to the weath- er. Now, if these forecasters had any knowl- edge at all of the future they would cer- tainly put emphasis on this peculiar thing. 1904 GLEANINGS TN BEE ClTT/rrRE. 1171 As an illustration, the month of November has been almost unprecedentedly fine weath- er, and good roads, in consequence of little or no rain (the dryest ever recorded by the Weather Bureau) over a very large area. The automobilists have been rejoicing (and I hope thanking God) for an almost entire November with good smooth roads. There has been just enough rain to lay the dust, and nothing more. Now, friends, turn to your fake almanac. The prediction is, of course, for usual November weather— cau- tions about caring for stock, etc., but not a word about a dry November* . Nobody has as yet applied for the $1000 offered for one pound of manufactured comb honey. Like the editor of the Country Gentleman I am not at all afraid anybody will come for this last $1000 offer. Hicks is just now "giving himself away, " as I take it, by heaping abuse on the Weather Bureau, because they de- nounce him as a fake, although he admits they do not call him by name. It looks to outsiders as if he not only recognizes the "coat," but even makes haste to "put it on." FURNISHING TOBACCO FOR JAILS, INFIRMA- RIES, ETC. A subscriber sends us the following from the Terre Haute Tribune: TOBACCO NOT ON PARIS JAIL FARE. Paris, 111., Dec. 9.— The county board of supervisors does not propose to encourage the use of tobacco by allowing each prisoner of the county jail, addicted to the habit, ten cents a week to satisfy his craving. This custom, which was first introduced at the State peni- tentiaries, has been in effect here many years. The county board balked when a six-months' tobacco bill was presented, and decided to abolish the custom. The above looks like progression. I never could exactly understand how our people ex- pect to make bad men better by allowing them ten cents a week, or any similar sum, for tobacco. Most men, when they turn to serve the Lord Jesus Christ, cut off tobacco at the outset. Some years ago an inmate of our infirmary, with whom I was somewhat acquainted, came around in a new suit of clothes, making calls on his friends. When I congratulated him he said he petitioned to have the amount in cash that other inmates were allowed for tobacco. This cash bought the suit of clothes, and he felt so proud of them that he was granted his liberty to go and see his friends. The ten cents a week may be all right. In fact, I like the idea; but in this age of progress can not our pub- lic officers think of some better incentiye to hold up before these poor unfortunates than to suggest to them this sum is given to pur- chase tobacco with? I congratulate the * We notice by the papers that the drouth during the latter part of November is so severe in Kentucky that several of the great distilleries have been compel- led to shut down for want of water. (How sad it is to think that the supply of " Kentucky whisky " is likely to be curtailed!) Now, why did not Bro. Hicks tell us of this remarkable and wide-spread drouth during the latter part of November? He might at least have said, "Something very remarkable" will happen about this time. And. come to think of it, it is ' something re- markable" that he did not say it. managers of the Paris jail, and hope others may be moved to follow their example. THE ARMY CANTEEN. We clip the following from that grand agricultural home journal, the Rural New- Yorker: The so-called "army canteen" or government rum- shop comes up for discussion frequently. Congress abolished the canteen several years ago, not because the army authorities or congressmen generally wanted to, but pressure from temperance people becam.e too great to be resisted. Now there is an effort to compel Congress to change front and re-establish the "can- teen." The New York Times puts the case as follows : If one asks why, then, does not Congress authorize what all the experts agree to be so desirable, the onlv answer is that Congress goes in fear of a number of misguided per- sons who know nothing about the matter, and who have no right to an opinion upon it. If these people would kindly mind their own business, and refrain from trying to impose their Ignorant views of the subject upon the law-making body, the canteen would be restored without opposition. We are not arguing about the canteen now. We do not need to. It is surrounded by the worst collection of human hornets' nests that ever waited for a stirring- up. Whoever touches it will need the longest pole that a politician ever tried to handle. The way Congress was forced into this action on the " canteen " question is a good object-lesson. When farmers were fighting against the oleo fraud they were told in much the same way to mind their own business, and not " impose their ignorant views upon the law-making body." Somehow these "misguided persons" kept at it, and the "law- making body " found that it must listener be cut up and put together again. It listened and acted ! So it was with rural free delivery of the mail, and so it will be with a parcels post and the exposure of the wire- fence humbug. What a world this would be if the common 'misguided people" would only mind their own business, and let the politicians run things to suit them- selves ! Somehow the people are coming to see that, among other " ignorant views '' of public matters, one worth thinking about is the fact that this " law-making" body is the servant, not the master, of the people ! The postage-stamp is the weapon of freedom in this coun- try. Good for the Rural! If this thing keeps on, we shall soon have a government "of the people, by the people, and for the peo- ple." A TESTIMONIAL TO THE GOOD WORK THE ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE IS DOING. The Wine and Spirit News says, "The Anti-saloon League has accomplished more than any other organiza- tion formed in a similar time. It will capture the church, the church will capture the state; then God have mercy on the rest of mankind, if we are permitted to live at all." We are exceedingly obliged to our friends the enemy for this splendid tribute paid to our organization. I suppose no one will for a moment doubt its truthfulness, coming as it does from the very worst enemy the Anti- saloon League has. Dear brethren, we do not propose to let saloon-keepers live at all as saloon-keepers; but we do propose to give them all the assistance we possibly can in some honorable business that is for the bene- fit of humanity in general. THE NEW SPENCER SEEDLESS APPLE. _ I notice our agricultural papers are cau- tioning their readers about paying big prices for a tree of the above apple. In some cases they have been sold as high as $3.00 each. Of course, we are glad to welcome a 1172 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 new thing; but let the experiment stations test it first. We are told by those who are unbiased that the apple is hardly average in quality, that it has quite a little core in all specimens, and in some one or more seeds. A newspaper clipping has been sent me that seems to have come from the Toledo Blade, from which I extract the following : The seedless apple was produced by John F. Spencer. He has been growing- trees for seven years in an experi- mental way, which have been examined by the Depart- ment of Agriculture, at Washington, and pronounced not only a seedless and coreless apple, but an entirely new species of apple. Now, although the above does not say the apple is of good quality, it would be inferred; and we should be very glad to know if the Department at Washington has really given it the above indorsement. Appearances at present would indicate it may ultimately be classed with mushroom and ginseng grow- ing, so much advertised to help poor men and women earn money at home. A CLEAN FARM PAPER. Are you interested in having one for your family to read ? If so, write for a Free Sample Copy of the Modern Farmer. ^ It is clean and helpful on every page, and does not ^L contain whisky, patent-medicine, or fake ads. It is just the paper to put in the hands of your children, if you want them to live honest and upright lives, and love their home surroundings. BEE-KEEPERS' CLUB. Modern Farmer, one year $ 50 Silk Front Bee Veil 50 Gleanings in Bee Culture, one year 100 Langstroth on Honey Bee 1 20 American Bee Journal (new only) •■ 1 00 $4 20 ^ All of the above only $2.50; first two, $ .50; first three ^L $1.25; first four, $2.10. New subscribers for the A. B. J. can substitute it for Gleanings if they wish. Re- newals for A. B. J. add 40 cents more to any club. Western Bee Journal can be substituted for either bee paper. No changes will be made in any of these offei-s. Write for OTHER CLUBING OFFERS, and a price list of bee supplies very cheap. E. T. ABBOTT, St. Joseph, Mo. It's Not Your Neighbor's Fault SPRAY PUMPS .. » ^ cnnAv Double-acting.Llft, ■ DC Tank and Spray irPUMPS ,^'^^ store Ladders, Etc. Rr Shw tools The Pump That" Valve of all kinds. Write for Circulars and __ , Prices. Myers Stayon Flexible Door Hangers ' vifh steel roller bearings, easy to push and to pull, cannot be thrown oft the track— hence its name— "Stayon." Write for de- scriptive circular and prices. Exclusive agency given to right party who will buy in quantity. F.E. MYERS &BRO. Ashland, • OMou if your corre- spondence hasn't the neat a ppear- ance that has made ^*^» Typewriter Work famous the world over. Its Up to You to Examine a Hammond. In five minutes you will see more exclusive features than you ever imagined possible in a typewriter. Award first Gold Medal at St. Louis Exposition. GENERAL OFFICE, 69th 5t and E. River. New York City. Cleveland Office, - 249 The Arcade. Our Specialties Cary Simplicity Hives and Supers, Root and Danz. Hives and Supers; Root's Sections, Weed Process Foun- dation, and Bingham Smokers. Bees and Queens in their Season. 32-page Catalog Free. W. W, Cary & Son, Lyonsvilie, Mass. .....Special Notice to Bee-keepers Money in Bees for You. Catalog Price on Root's Supplies Catalog for the Asking. F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend st. Boston, Mass. UP FIRST FLIGHT- ^— g»^ ^M— ^MB ■ A Subscri|flion to Bee f^ P^C Ehb B^hI Journal One Year with order of $5.00 or over. Cheapest place in the United States to buy your supplies. One and one-half story Hive. $1.00: Sections, Hives. Berry Baskets and Crates by the Car Load. Wholesale and retail. Send for free list. W. D. SOPER. Rural Route 3. JACKSON. MICH. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1173 Wants and Exchange. W ANTED. -Second-hand extractor and hives for cash. E. Brubakek. 14 N. Third St., Phil. IVANTED. — To exchange 8-frame hives, extractor, ™ and uncapping-can, for honev. Root's goods. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, lowra. yV ANTED.— To exchange Odell typewriter, nearly '' new, for honey; or will sell it for $12. Dean Ferris, Peekskill, N. Y. \VANTED.— To exchange a $50 American fruit evapo- " rator for a Barnes buzz-saw or for a 360-eg-g- Cy- phers incubator, or for $40. J. Beam Wingerd, ChambersbiirE-. Pa ANTED. — Refuse from the wax extractor, or slum- gum. State quantity and piice. Orel 1,. Hekshiser, 301 Huntington Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. w yV ANTED. -To exchange a $2.5.00 hot-air 200-egg size nearly new Reliable incubator and outdoor brood- er for a Barnes foot- power saw, or offers. Clover Nook Fruit Farm, Chambersburg, Pa. IVANTED. — Parties who intend to change location to come to Central Kansas, Saline County. Salina is a great commercial center; several wholesale houses al- ready established; several colleges. Write for my price and description of real estate. J. Duncan, Immigi-ation Agent Missouri Pacific Ry., Salina, Kans. YY ANTED. —To exchange double-barrel shot-gun for one pair of minks. Any person in the trap busi- ness will please correspond with me. Address 216 Court St., Reading, Pa. ANTED.— To exchange modern firearms, for incu- bators or bone-mills. Wm. S. Ammon, 216 Court St., Reading, Pa. \V ANTED.— To sell, or exchange for bee-supplies '' (Root's goods), 10 pit-game stags and pullets; eight months old, and nice chickens. For more infor- mation write to M. C. May, Timbo, Bedford Co., Va. Y^ ANTED.— To exchange bees, queens, or extracted ^^ honey for a 2V2 or 3 h.-p. gasoline-engine and buzz- saw. The Hyde Bee Co., Floi-esville, Texas. w w ANTED.— To exchange incubator and homer pig- eons for honey. G. Routzahn, Biglerville, Pa. w ANTED.— Combination foot-power circular saw. S. V. Reeves, Haddonfield, N. J. ANTED. — Refuse from the wax-extractor, or slum- gum. State quantity and price. Ed. Young, Boonville, Mo. ANTED.— To exchange 200 fine medical books (no use for them) for bees and supplies. Write to Dr. Ball, Plainfield, Ct. %Y ANTED.— 50.000 lbs. beeswax from bee-keepers, to " be worked into comb foundation. I need this amount to keep my machinery running. New quarters. Weed process. Fine goods. Satisfaction guaranteed. Foundation for sale, samples on request. H. F. Hagen, 1632 Blake St., Denver, Col. w Help Wanted. YY ANTED.— A young man to take charge of 240 stands ' ' of bees in Wewahitchka, Calhoun Co., West Florida. Must understand taking comb honey. Want best of references— prefer recommendations from A. I. Root Co. S. S. Alderman, Wewahitchka, West Florida. %YANTED.— Active young man who has had some ex- ' perience with bees, to work in apiary in summer, and general work around farm and shop in winter. Steady work the year round to the right rarty. Chas. Adams, Route 4. Greeley, Colo. yVANTED. — Young man who is thoroughly capable of taking charge of apiary, and understands intro- ducing and breeding of queens. Can furnish employ- ment the year round to a good man. W. P. Smith, Penn, Lowndes Co., Miss. VyANTED. — Help with our bees; steady position for the right man with experience. Give particulars first letter. Thos. C. Stanley & Son, Manzanola, Col. Situations Wanted. Y^ ANTED.— Position as apiarist the coming season, west or south preferred. Thirty-six years' practi- cal experience. Correspondence solicited. M. W. Shepherd, Interlachen, Fla. w ANTED. — Position by a strong young man to assist in apiary in the States or Cuba. No bad habits. Wellesley Walsh, Port Marie, Jamaica, W. I. Addresses Wanted. W^ WANTED.— Parties interested in Cuba to learn the truth about it by subscribing for the Havana Post, the only English paper on the island. Published at Havana. 81.00 per month; 810.00 per year. Daily, except Monday. For Sale. For Sale.— Melilotus (sweet clover) seed, $2 per bu. W. P. Smith, Penn, Lowndes Co., Miss. For Sale. — Bees, full colonies, three-frame nuclei, and queens. Car load lots a specialty. The Hyde Bee Co., Floresville, Tex. For Sale. — Fox hounds and puppies. Hovey strain. Each one guaranteed. Enclose stamp for prices. W. H. GiFFORD, 151 Franklin St., Auburn, N. Y. For Sale. — Italian bees and queens. We make one, two, and three frame nuclei a specialty. Write for circular and price list. Also, 100 T supers for sale cheap. O. H. Hyatt, Shenandoah, Page Co., Iowa. For Sale.— 200 swarms of bees in No. 1 Langstroth hives, etc., residence, honey-houses, and small piece of land. G. F. Wilson, Soldiers Grove, Crawford Co., Wis. For Sale. — Slightly damaged lM;-story 10-frame Dovetailed hives, in flat. In lots of five or more at $1.25 per hive. G. B. Lewis Co.'s make. A great bargain. Satisfaction guaranteed. Lewis C. & A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. For Sale.— Gladioli bulbs. These bulbs produced the flowers exhibited at the St. Louis World's Fair for 80 days. L. F. Dintelmann, Belleville, 111. For Sale. — 100 stands of bees in good condition; also 80 acres of land, all under irrigation, near a town. J. B. Summers, Berthoud, Larimer Co., Col. For Sale.— 2000 colonies of Italian and Holyland bees. Three-frame nuclei a specialty, and queens. Carload orders solicited. Prices on application. The Hyde Bee Co., Floresville, Texas. For Sale.— Cheap, two Iowa, 200-chick size, hot-air brooders. Write John L. Funk, R. F. D. 1, Tiffin, O. ry IVI^ and see if queens raised by a little b >y. 14 years old, are not as good as any. I have been brought up in the queen-rearing yards. Untested, $1.00 each; $4.25 for six; $9.00 per dozen. Safeariival and satisfaction guar- anteed. Money-order office Oakville, Texas. IVES ATCHLEY, LAPARA, LIVE OAKS CO., TEXAS. 1174 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 Books for Bee = keepers and Others. Any of these books on which postage is not given will be forwarded by mail postpaid, on receipt of price In buying books, as every thing else, we are liable to disappointment if we make a purchase without see- ing the article. Admitting that the book-seller could read all the books he offers, as he has them for sale, it were hardly to be expected he would be the one to mention all the faults, as well as good things about a book. We very much desire that those who favor us with their patronage shall not be disappointed, and therefore we are geing to try to prevent it by mention- ing all the faults, so far as we can, that the purchaser may know what he is getting. In the following li.st, books that we approve we have marked w^ith a * ; those we especially approve, ** ; those that are not up to times, f ; books that contain but little matter for the price, large type, and much space between the lines, I ; foreign, §. The bee-books are all good. As many of the bee-books are sent with other goods by freight or express, incurring no postage, we give prices separately. You will notice that you can judge of the size of the books very well by the amount re- quired for postage on each. BIBLES, HYMN-BOOKS, AND OTHER GOOD BOOKS. Postage.] [Price without postage. Bible, good print, neatly bound 20 10 Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress** 40 Christian's Secret of a Happy Life,** 50c; cloth 1 00 John Ploughman's Talks and Pictures, by Rev. C. H. Spurgeon* 10 1 I Gospel Hymns, consolidated, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, words only; cloth, 10c; paper 5 2 Same, boardf covers 20 5 Same, words and music, small type, board cov. 45 10 Same, words and music, board covers 75 3 I New Testament in pretty flexible covers 05 One-third off on all Gospel Hymns mentioned above. 5 I New Testament, new version, paper covers 10 15 I Story of the Bible** 1 00 Years ago, when Huber was a little boy, he got hold of this book and read it clear through, asking his mother questions without number all along through the book. When he got to the end he turned over to the fore part and commenced to read it through again. We laughed at him somewhat, but let him go on. But when he started the third time I remonstrat- ed. Now, this illustrates what sort of a book this is. We sold hundreds of them; but finally, when the book got to be old, it was taken out of our book list. I do not know just why; but nevertheless orders have kept coming for that wonderful book by Charles Foster — the Story of the Bible. Almost any child will read it if he gets a chance; and who can tell the effect it may have in fixing his young mind upon things that are good and pure and true ? By buying them in consid- erable quantities we are enabled to furnish such a large book (notice the postage is 15 cts.) for onlj' $1.00. 4 I Stepping Heavenward** 18 BOOKS ESPECIALLY FOR BEE-KEEPERS. 20 I A B C of Bee Culture, cloth 1 00 I Bienen-Kultur, by Thos. G. Newman 25 This is a German translation of the principal por- tion of the book called " Bees and Honey." 100 pages. I Bienenzucht und Honiggewinnung 50 Or "Bee Culture and the Securing of Honey," a Ger- man bee-book by J. F. Eggers, of Grand Island, Neb. Postage free. 15 Cook's Manual, cloth 1 00 5 Doolittle on Queen-rearing 95 Dzierzon Theory 10 Foul Brood; Its Natural History and Rational Treatment 22 15 I^angstroth Revised, by Chas. Uadant & Son 1 10 10 Quinby's New Bee-keeping 90 5 British Bee-keeper's Guide-book, by Thomas William Cowan, England \ 95 5 I The Honey-bee, by Thos. William Cowan 95 3 Merrybanks and His Neighbor, by A. I. Root... 15 10 I The Honey-makers, by Miss Margaret W. Morley 1 40 This is a story of the life of the bee. told in very in- teresting style — how it lives, gathers honey, and all about it. While clothing the general subject with an air of poetry, it seems to be entirely within the limits of known facts while attempting to deal with them. We believe it will give all thoughtful bee-keepers a greater liking for their business to read it. Probbaly it has more to do with the curious traditions connect' ed with bees than any other book of the kind. 10 I The Life of the Bee 1 30 Thos. Wm. Cowan, editor of the British Bee Journal, in his review of Maeterlinck's work, says: "Not since the appearance, in 1876, of Bucher's 'Mind in Animals' have we had a book about bees more charming, or one that we have read with greater pleasure, than Maeter- linck's ' Life of the Bee.' " I Beetkeeping in Jamaica. By F. A. Hooper, Kingston, Jamaica. Paper covers 25 5 I Forty Years Among the Bees. By Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111 95 15 I Modern Bee-farm. By S. Simmins. New edi- tion; cloth bound 1 85 MISCELLANEOUS HAND-BOOKS. 5 I A B C of Carp Culture, by Geo. Finley 25 5 I A B C of Strawberrj' Culture,** by T. B. Terry.. New edition, revised and enlarged; paper, 45c ; cloth, 68c; by mail, 75c. 5 I A B C of Potato Culture, Terry** New edition, revised & enlarged ; paper, 45c; cloth, 68c, mail 75c. This is T. B. Terry's first and most masterly work. 8 I Barn Plans and Out-buildings* 90 Canary Birds, paper 50 2 I Celery for Profit, by T. Greiner** 25 The first really full and complete book on celeiy culture, at a moderate price, that we have had. It is full of pictures, and the whole thing is made so plain that a schoolboy ought to be able to grow paying crops at once without any assistance except from the book. 15 I Draining for Profit and Health, Warring 85 8 I Domestic Economy, by I. H. Mayer, M. D.** ... 30 This book ought to save at least the money it costs, each year, in every household. It was written by a doctor, and one who has made the matter of domestic economy a life study. The regular price of the book is $1.00, but by taking a large lot of them we are en- abled to make the price only 30 cents. 10 I Fruit Harvesting, Storing, Marketing, etc 75 It has been well said that it is an easier matter to grow stuff than to sell it at a proper price after it is grown; and many men fail, not because they are in- expert in getting a crop, but because they do not know how to sell their crops to the best advantage. This is the first book of the kind we have had as an aid in selling. It not onl}' tells all about picking, sorting, and packing, but gives all the best methods for storing for one or two days or a longer time. It also tells- about evaporating and canning when there is a glut in the market. It discusses fruit packages and com- mission dealers, and even takes in cold storage. It is a new book of 250 pages, full of illustrations. Pub- lisher's price, 51.00. I Farming with Green Manures, postpaid** 90 This book was written several years ago; but since competent labor has got to be so"expensive, and hard to get, many farmers are beginning to find they can turn under various green crops cheaper than to buy stable manure, and haul and spread it— cheaper, in fact, than they can buy fertilizers. This book men- tions almost all plants used for plowing under, and gives the value compared with stable manure. Some of the claims seem extravagant, but we are at present getting good crops, and keeping up the fertility, by a similar treatment, on our ten-acre farm. 7 I Farm, Gardening, and Seed-growing** 90- 10 I Fuller's Grape Culturist** 1 15 5 I Garden and Farm Topics, Henderson** 60 12 I Gardening for Pleasure, Henderson* 1 lO- While "Gardeniut? for Profit" is written witli a view of malc- ing gardening pay, it touciies a good deal on tiie pleasure part, and "Gardening for Pleasure" taljes up this matter of beauti- fying 3'our homes and improving your grounds, without the special point in view of malcing money out of it.' I think most of you will need this if you get "Gardening for Protlt." This work has 2*6 pages and \?A illustrations. (Retail price $2.00.) 12 1 Gardening for Profit** 1 10 This is a late revision of Peter Henderson's celebrated work. Nothing that has ever before been put in print has done so much toward making marketgardening a science and a fasci- nating industry. Peter Henderson stands at the head, without question, although we have man.y other books on these rural employments. If you can get but one book, let it be the- above. It has 376 pages and 138 cuts (Retail price $2.00.) 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1175 8 I Gardening for Young and Old. Harris** !>0 This is Joseph Harris' best and happiest effort. Al- though it goes over the .same ground occupied by Peter Henderson, it particularly emphasizes thorough culti- vation of the soil in preparing your ground ; and this matter of adapting it to young people as well as old is brought out in a mo.st happy vein. If your children have any .sort of fancy for gardening it will pay you to make them a present of this book. It has 187 pages and ^6 engravings. 3 I Grasses and Clovers, with Notes on Forage Plants '20 This is by Henry A. Dreer, author of the book " Vegetables Under Glass" that has had such a large sale of late. This little book tells how six tons of grass has been grown to the acre, and gives much other valuable matter. 10 I Greenhouse Con.struction, by Prof. Taft** . . 1 15 This book is of recent publication, and is as full and complete in regard to the building of all glass struc- tures as is the next book in regard to their manage- ment. Any one who builds even a small structure for plant-growing under glass will save the value of the book by reading it carefully, g 12 I Greenhouse Management, by Prof. Taft** 1 15 This book is a companion to Greenhouse Construc- tion. It is clear up to the times, contains 400 pages and a great lot of beautiful half-tone engravings. A large part of it is devoted to growing vegetables under glass, especially Grand Rapids lettuce, as well as fruits and flowers. The publisher's price is $1.50; but as we bought quite a lot of them we can make a spe- cial price as above. 5 I Gregory on Cabbages, paper* 20 5 I Gregory on Squashes, paper* 20 5 ' Gregory on Onions, paper* 20 The above three books, by our friend Gregory, are all valuable. The book on squashes especially is good reading for almost anybody, whether they raise squashes or not. It strikes at' the very foundation of success in almost any kind of business. I Handbook for Lumbermen 05 5 I Home Pork-making; 125 pages, illustrated 40 I think it will pay well for everybody who keeps a pig to have this book. It tells all about the care of the pig, with lots of pictures describing cheap pens, appliances, all about butchering, the latest and most approved short cuts; all about making the pickle, barreling the meat, fixing a smoke-hou.se (from the cheapest barrel up to the most approved arrange- ment); all about pig-troughs; how to keep them clean with little labor; recipes for cooking pork in every imaginable way, etc. Publisher's price is 50 cents, ours as above. 15 I How to Make the Garden Pay** 1 a5 By T. Greiner. Those who are interested in hot- beds, cold-frames, cold green-hovises, hothouses, or glass structures of any kind for the growth of plants, can not afford to be without the book. Publisher's price $1.00. I How we Made the Old Farm Pay — A Fruit- book, Green 10 interest that characterize its author, T. Greiner. 10 I Irrigation for the Farm, Garden, and Orchard* 85 By Stewart. This book, so far as 1 am informed, is almo.st the only work on this matter that is attracting so much interest, especially recently. Using water from springs, brooks, or windmills to take the place of rain, during our great drouths, is the great problem before us at the present day. The book has 274 pages and 142 cuts. 3 I Maple Sugar and the Sugar-bush** 25 4 I Peabody's Webster's Dictionary 10 Over 30,000 words and 250 illustrations. 5 I Manures ; How to Make and How to Use Them; in paper covers 30 6 I The same in cloth covers 65 I Nut Culturist, postpaid 1 25 3 I Onions for Profit** 40 Fully up to the times, and includes both the old onion culture and the new method. The book is fully illustrated, and written with all the enthusiasm and Even if one is not particularly interested in the busi- ness, almost any person who picks up Greiner's books will like to read them through. 10 I Our Farming, by T. B. Terry** 75 In which he tells " how we have made a run-down farm bring both profit and pleasure." If ordered by express or freight with other goods, 10c less. 8 1 Practical Floriculture, Henderson.* 1 10 10 j Profits in Poultry.* 75 10 I Small-Fruit Culturi.st, Fuller 75 2 I Sorghum. Stock Beets, Strawberries, and Ce- ment Floors. By Waldo F. Brown 08 This little book ought to be worth its cost for what is said on each of the four different subjects; and the chapter on cement floors may be worth many dollars to anybody who has to use cement for floors, walks, or any thing else. In fact, if you follow the exceed- ingly plain directions you may save several dollars on one single job; and not only that, get a better cement floor than the average ma.son will make. 2 I Sweet Potatoes; Fortv Years' Experience with. By Waldo F. Brown ** 08 This little book, by a veteran teacher at our farm- ers' institutes, ought to be worth many times the price to everybody who grows even a few sweet potatoes in the garden. It al.so gives full particulars in regard to handling and keeping this potato, which is difficult to keep unless 3'ou know just how. 10 I Talks on Manures* 1 35 By Joseph Harris. Written conversational style, which makes it very interesting reading. It covers the subject very completely; contains numerous anal- yses of manures and comparative tables. The use of technical language is avoided, which makes the book of greatest value to the practical farmer. A book of 366 pages, nicely bound in cloth. 5 I The New Rhubarb Culture** 40 Whenever apples are worth a dollar a bushel or more, winter-grown rhubarb should pay big. It does not require an expensive house nor costly appliances. Any sort of cellar where it will not freeze is all right for it; and the small amount of heat necessary to force the rhubarb costs very li.tle. The book is nicely bound in cloth, full of illustrations, mostly photos from real work, 130 pages. Every market-gardener should have this book, for the lessons taught indirect- ly, in regard to forcing other crops besides rhubarb. Publisher's price 50c. 2 I Treati.se on the Horse and his Di.seases 5 5 I Tile Drainage, by W. I. Chamberlain 35 Fully illustrated, containing every thing of impor- tance clear up to the present date. The single chapter on digging ditches, with the il- lustrations given by Prof. Chamberlain, should alone make the book worth what it costs, to every one who has occasion to lay ten rods or more of tile. There is as much science in digging as in doing almost any thing else ; and by following the plan directed in the book, one man will often do as much as two men with- out this knowledge. 5 I Tomato Culture 35 In three parts. Part first. — By J. W. Day, of Crystal Springs, Miss., treats of tomato culture in the South, with some remarks by A. I. Root, adapting it to the North. Part second. -^By D. Cummins, of Conneaut, O., treats of tomato culture especially for canning- factories. Part third. — By A. I. Root, treats of plant- growing for market, and high-pressure gardening in general. 3 I Vegetables under Glass, by H. A. Dreer** 20 3 I Vegetables in the Open Air* 20 This is a sort of companion book to the one above. Both books are most fully illustrated, and are exceed- ingly valuable, especially at the very low price at which they are sold. The author, H. A. Dreer, has a greenhouse of his own that covers one solid acre, and he is pretty well conversant with all the arrangements and plans for protecting stuff from the weather, and afterward handling to the best advantage when the weather will permit out of doors. 3 I Winter Care of Horses and Cattle 25 This is friend Terry's second book in regard to farm matters ; but it is so intimately connected with his po- tato-book that it reads almost like a sequel to it. If you have only a horse or a cow, I think it will pay you to invest in a book. It has 44 pages and 4 cuts. 3 I Wood's Common Objects for the Microscope**.. 47 8 I What to Do, and How to be Happy while Do- ing It 65 The above book, by A. I. Root, is a compilation of papers published in Gleanings in Bee Culture, in 1886, '7, and '8. It is intended to solve the problem of find- ing occupation for those scattered over our land out of employment. The suggestions are principally about finding employment about your own homes. The book is mainly upon market-gardening, fruit- culture, poultry-raising, etc. Illustiated, 188 pages, cloth. 8 I Same, paper covers 40 THE A. I. ROOT CO.. Medina. Ohio. 1176 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 The American Fancier. The only weekly paper devoted exclusively to thorough- bred ai.d practical poultry culture. Bright, newsy, and independent. A t^ae lancier s paper. :- :• :• :• T. II. DREVENSTEDT, EDITOR. 3end for a sample copy. Address :• :• :• ;• :■ :• The American Fancier, Johnstown, N.Y. Poultry Magazine, Monthly, 50 Vr- ]00 paces, its writers a-e the lu.isi, suci'essfnl Pnultomeu aud Women in tne Uulled Slates. Ii is The POULTRY TRIBUNE, nicely illustrated, brimful each morth of iiiformation on How to Care for Fowls and Make the most Moue> with them. In fact so good you can't afford to he without, it. Price, 50 cents per vear. Send at once for free sample and SPECIAL OFFER TO YOU. R. R. FISHER, Pub., Box 28 Freeporl. III. ( WORTH 10 cts. ) DO YOU WANT IT? IF NOT, GIVE IT TO A FRIEND OF YOURS. Keturn this ad. and 15 cts. (regular price 25 cts.) and we will send you our 32 page, practical, up-to-date monthly, poultry, pigeon and pet stock paper, one year as a trial. 4years50ets. .Send at once, this is a bargain. POULTRY ITEM. BoxO. Fricks. Pa. POULTRY HERALD, St. Paul, Minn. One of the best papers of its class. Practical, illus- trated, every issue interesting. Regular subscription price, 50 cents per year. If you are not now a subscriber. Send a Quarter, stamps or silver, and get a year's trial subscription. Address POULTRY HBRA-I^D, St. Paul, Minn. Poultry in the West. Also Dogs and Pigeons, for Pleasure and Profit. Do you want to know about how they are bred on the great Pacific Coast? The Pacific Coast Fanciers' Monthly, brim full of good reading, handsomely illustrated, up- to-date, will tell you. Try it for a year. TRIAL sub- scriptions, one year, 50 cts. Bee culture and poultry- raising go well together. FANCIERS' MONTHLY, San Jose. California. GIVEN AWAY FREE Poultry Punches, Account Books, Business and Visiting Cards, Etc. For full information write your name and address on a postal card and send it to the OHIO POULTRY JOURNAL. DAYTON. OHIO. POULTRY PAPER I YEAR 10 CENTS Describes incubators, houses, feeding, care. etc. Sample free. Mention this paper. Poultry Gazette, Kansas City, Mo., or Topeka, Kan. FREE ! LEARN more about the great poultry ind ustry . They make money while you sleep, and will live on what you throw away. Our paper tells how to make money on poultry, eggs, and incubators. Ask for sample copy now— it is free. Inland Poultry Journal, 40 Cord Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Poultry and Bees go well together. Gleanings tells about the bees; Poul- try Topics tells about getting the profit from poultry. Twenty to forty pages monthly, beautiful illustrations. Sample free, or whole trial year's subscription for 10c. Poultry Topics, Lincoln, Neb. Squabs are raised in one month, bring BIO PRICES. Kagcr market. Mone.v- makers for poultrymen, farmers, wo- men. Fere i'; Komething WORTH LOOK- ING INTO. Send for our FREE BOOK, '• How to Make Money with SQuabs, and learn this rich industry. Address TLYMOTTTH ROCK SQrAB CO . 289 Atlantic Avt., BOSTON, mass. Hunter-Trader-Trapper Illustrated 64 to 80 page month- ly journal about game, steel traps, deadfalls, trapping se- crets, and raw fur. Published by experienced hunter, trapper, and trader. Subscription $1.00 a year; sample copy 10 cents. A. R. HARDING. Editor, Gallipolis, Ohio. 1 ^^^ gPAGEb ^ =^ 1 [ .: i^-^ — ^^^^3^^— ^^^3^^— P— f^— f^-f^— ---f^~\-' r ^ t't. e] SAMPLE OF PACE WIRE showing high-carbon, spring steel quality of our hori- zontal bars, and illustrated catalog for you. Both free. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO. Box S, Adrian. Mich. Wood=working Machinery. For ripping, cross-cut ting, mitering, grooving boring, scroll-sawing, edge moulding, mortising ; for working wood in any man-_ ner. Send for catalog A."^"^ The Seneca Falls M'f'g Co., 44 Water St .. Seneca Fs.. N. Y OH, Ssy^ The Hillview Poultry-yards of Egan, S. D., have 13 White and 20 Buff Plymouth Rock cockrelsfor sale at $2 and $3 each. Write them at Egan, S. D., lock box 11. FARM PAPER ONE YEAR 10 CENTS If you do not read it regularly you are not in the push. Sample free. Mention this paper. Farmers' Family Journal, Topeka, Kan. 1901 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1177 OLD TRUSTY. nciibatcr Inhnson's crnwninjj work I M-i nia.le "alter he liaii inaae 50.UOO thor iiKV liiiics. 40 Days Free Trial. 5 Years Guarantee. Tohnson lias duj; tathe buttom of ..niltry raisintf. Old Trusty runs itself. Get his FREE Catalog and Aih ice Hook. M. M. JOHNSON CO., Clay Cenler, Nab. EEPER EVERY BEE can ;uui to his iiicoiiie by keep- ing iioiiltry. Hatchiiitr results I are certain witli the'Ktandard" Cyphers Incubator. CoTtipletc c«taln>; and poultry j,'iii.l.-, •r; i.HLT.'s (Sxll) ROOillus- str.it inns. FREE.il yuu send ad- dresses of two fiieiids interest- ed in trood poultry. Write to Cyphers Incubator Co., BufTalo. BoBton, Cblcaso, New York, Ka PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATORSAND BROODERS acknowledged by experts to be the most profitable macliineg made. Winners of 385 First Prizes. Write toT free catalog with proof and val- uable Information for beginners. Prairie State Incubator Co. Box 414, Homer City, Pa. Easy Money ^.^th a HAWKEYE Special Incubator Try it on our 3U days' free trial plan, before you buy it. Start in the poultry business NOW. More money for less work than anything you ever tried. Our free ont- alotfue will guide you to success in poultry raising. Hawkeye Incubator Co. Box 91, Newton, la. THE DANDY BONE CUTTER will double your egg yield. Thous- ands of poultry raiseis say so. 1 1 costs les"^, turns easier, I cuts faster andlastslonger than I any other. Price $?. .00 up. F>old on 15 Oay h' Free Trinl. Send for book and epccial propotition. STRATTON MF'G. CO., Rox 64, Erie, Pa. B!I.H.I!IJIH=mdJ.I 30 DAYS' TRIAL To prove it. 0 9.50 f+s;q>|5.00 Solf roKulatiug, Autoniatic moisture Brooders, nil sizes and kinds, $3 up. !JO,0U0 in use. Send :ic. for catalog. Buckeye Incubator Co., Box 54 Springtield, O. THE "GEM" MONEY MAKER hatches chickens at a lively rate— live chickens too — that live and grow into money. Our catalogue tells of "(Jem" features no other Incubator has. Write for copy — it is free. OEM INCUBATOR CO. Bo» f { Dayton, Ohio GOOD RESULTS. To be absolutely sure about it use the RELIABLE INCUBATORS & BROODERS . It the eggs are right, you can't make a mistake. Just follow inslructioDB— -the Reliable will do tde rest. OUR 20TH CENTURY POULTRY BOOK, maUed for lOc, tells all ai>oat it and other thin^ you s.^ould know. We have 115yards of thoroughbred poaItry.U£UABL£I^CB.&BBDB« CO.»Box B.49^(^C/>U1* Y I OU'RE LOOKING tor just such machines as Miller's Ideal Incubators and Brooders. Sent on 30 DAYS TRIAL. Abso- lutely automatic. Test it yourself. Big poultry and poultry supply book Froo. J. W. MILLER CO.. Box 48, Freeport, I 9 I 0*80 For I ^ 200 Egg « INCUBATOR Perfect in construction and action. Hatches every fertile egg. Write for catalog to-day. GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy. ill MORE EGGS-LESS FEED OPEN HoI'I'ER. Humphrey •'"Tgetrbr" Gutter ^ will double your cpp yield and out your feed bill In half. Quaran eed to out easier aod faster than any other. Trial offer and oatalopue free. Hnmphrey, ninr St. Factory, Jollet. 111. The Latest Thing in Bone Cutters. Sent orv Free TrlaL Guaran- teed to cut all kinds of bones with all adhering meat and tristle, easier, faster, in better shape and with less fuss and bother than any other bone cutter. iMann's Latest Model. Servt on Terv Days' Free TriaL No money asked for until you prove our claims on your ciwn premises. If you don't like it, return it at our expense. Isn't that better for you than to pay for a machine you never tried? Isn't it fairer than so-called "trial offers" and "guarantees" which de- mand cash in advance? Catalo°ne explains all. F. W. MANN CO.. Box ^ , Milford, Mass. Granite Crystal Grit, Feed Trays, Champion Corn Shelleis. 1178 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 Perfect Goods ! J ^ow Prices ! j^ -^ A Customer Once, A Ctistomer Al"ways. M? We manufacture BEE-SUPPLIES of all kinds Been at it over 20 years. It is always best to buy of the makers. New illustrated catalog free. :: :: :: For nearly 14 years we have published ^y?e Ameri- ca^n Bee-Keeper (monthly, 50c a year). The best magazine for beginners; edited by one of the most experienced bee-keepers in America. Sample copy free. ADDRESS ^he W. T. Falconer Mfg. Company, W. M. Gerrish, Epping, N H., carries a full line of o\ir T-a-in*^ «ai«a*r*^Hr** "W Y goods at catalog pnce». Order of him and save freight. J CtTlKHjJSHJ Vr ia, X^ • K» IT DOESN'T PAY to keep those poor colonies when a young vigorous queen from the best honey-gathering stock given now may make them your best colonies next season. We believe we have as good bees as there are for business. We rear our queens carefully, rejecting poor cells or virgins ; guarantee them good queens and purely mat- ed, or replaced free on notice. Our testimonials will compare favorably with any. One queen, 75 cts.; six for $3.50 ; 12 foi 86 50 ; select tested, $1.00 ; six for $.5 ; tested, $1.00 ; select tested, 81.50 ; extra select tested, $2.00. J. B. CA.S£, Port Orange, Florida. :IT PAYS YOU WELLs To get your bees and queens from the South. All reports go to show that bees and queens shipped from the South (especially those reared by us) give larger yields of honey every year than those that are wintered in the North. Let us begin now to arrange to furnish you all the queens and bees you may need the coming season. We make a specialty of bees in carload lots. One, two, and three frame nuclei and full colonies furnished at all times. Get our prices before you buy elsewhere; we will save you time and money. We are selling agents for more than 300 colonies of bees the coming season, besides our own stock, which is complete. Untested queens, from now until Feb. 1st, $1.00 each, or $10.00 per dozen. Tested, from $1.25 to $2.00 each. The best breeders, $3.00 each. Should you wish to buy bees and locate in South Texas, write us. We will fit you out in what you want. Our 1905 catalog will be out Dec. 1st, which will describe the six different races of bees we breed. Write for it. THE BEE & HONEY CO., W. Atchley. Prop., Box 79. Be ville. Bee Co.,Tex. I. J. S-tringKsim, N^v^ YorB< No. 25 Jars, with burnished tin top and prepared cardboard lining, $5.00 gross. This is quick to fill and NEVER LEAKS. No. 25 jars with porcelain top, $5.25 gross. 1-lb. square jars, with corks, $5.00. Discount on more than one gross. CATALOG OF SUPPLIES FREE. Apiaries, Clen Cove, L. I. Salesroom, I05 Park Place, N. Y. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1179 Our speci2ilt:>' is ina.King Sections, and they are the BEST in the market. Wis- consin basswood is the right kind for them. We have a full line of Bee Supplies. Write for FREE illustrated catalog and price list. C%c MarsKfield I^anxxfacttxring Company, MarsH^elti, AVis. Kretchmer Manufacturing Company^ Box 60, RED OAK, IOWA. We carry a large stock and greatest variety of every thing' needed in the apiaiy, a'^suring BEST GOODS AT THE LOWEST PRICES, and pronipt shipment. We want every bee- keeper to have our free illustrated catalog-, and read description of Alternating Hives, Massie Hives, etc. Write at 07ice for Catalog. DISCOUNTS FOR EARLY ORDERS. DEALERS IN OUR GOODS. Trester Supply Company, Linf-oln, Neb. Shugart & Ouren, Council Bluffs, Iowa. L H. Myers, Lamar, C-oI. Southwestern Bee Co., San Antonio, Tex. $1 100 Magazines Each Year $1 OUR GREAT CO-OPERATIVE CLUB consists of yearly subscriptions to the followring high grade magazines. Each stands at the head of its clciss. This combination furnishes your home with plenty of good clean, interesting and instructive reading matter for every member of the family at the very lowest cost. Farmers Voice - Weekly $.60 For forty years the most earnest advocate of all things which tend to make life on the farm more pleasurable and profitable. The only farm paper that gives its readers the best of all the news. Best of market reports. Wayside Tales ^f^?o"g?iL'""'^"'"^ LOO Never less than 164 pages. Never less than six cracking good short stories. Each issue contains articles by Opie Read, Stanley Water- loo, Col. Wm. Lightfoot Visscher, Chas. Eugene Banks, Irving Bach- eller, and other leading American writers. Beautifully illustrated. The House I1 old Realm 19th year .SO A carefully edited monthly for the borne; owned, edited and pub- lished exclusively by women and treating of every interest in the household. Profusely illustrated. The American Poultry Journal The oldest and best poultry paper in the world. It has improved with the years until it stands in the fore front of its class. The leading horticultural magazine of America For Greens Fruit Grower you mav substitute ^^_^.^ Vick's Magazine, Farm lournal, BloodedStock, Totsl ^? lO Greens Fruit Grower ,50 .50 This is unquestion- ably the greatest bargain in good periodical reading matter ever offered. Kansas City Star or St. Paul Dispatch. t xjiai .ptJ.iKj Subscribe today. Sample copies of The Farmers Voice free. I/iberal terms to agents. FARMERS VOICE PUB. CO., 32 Voice Bldg. Chicago. ALL FOR $1 .00 1 1080 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 FOR BEE-KEEPING RECORDS ^v this Handy " Y and E " Card Index Outfit will 'be' found Simplest. Easiest, and Quickest. Outfit complete with 150 5X3 inch ruled linen record cards, and one set No. 20 alphabeti- cal guides for quick reference, complete in neat covered cloth box, shown Dulii ammiamijgl'ii.gyiiv SHIPPED PREPAID to any R. R. station in U. S., cash with order. Write for complete Card Index Folder No. 622. YAWMAN & ERBE MFG. CO., Rochester N. Y., Branches in all , leading cities... Jiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiinniiit hmh iiiiiiiniiiiiiiiniiii. = that time is fast passing and that E = each rnonth the discount gets less. = 5 We give discount on goods for i 5 next season's ase, from Septem- E = ber to next April, and the amount = = saved by buying now is certainly z i worth looking after. E E Send us a list of your wants for E E next year. We sell E I LEWIS' GOODS I 1 Factory Prices I E Root's Smokers and Extractors, = E Dadant's Comb Foundation, etc. E = Everything the best, service un- E E equaled. Catalog free. E E C. M.SCOTT&CO- I E 1005 East Washington St., E E INDIANAPOLIS, - IND. = ^■■■■■■■■■i ■■iiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiP Bind Qleaniii^s ! There are many reasons why this is desirable* First, it is tlie bcot way to preserve your paper" Second, no numbers will become torn or lost- Third, with an index you have a book of reference- r->urth,.the value of your paper is more than coubled. emcrson Patent Binder A File and. a Per- manent Binding for Office Blanks Photos of Goods, Samples of Fab- rics, Blue Prints, Periodicals, etc. We have two styles, made to hold one year, each lettered " Gleanings in Bee Culture." Style C is an art canvas cover of red. Style D is an elegant half-loather. Prices as follows : Style C binder, each 50 cts. Postage extra 10 cts Style D binder epch 75 cts. Postage extra 15 cts If you wish to bind your 1904 numbers as well as 1905, and purchase two binders, we furnish you .free of charge, such numbers of Gleanings as you have lost and need to complete the volume. Men- tion where this offer appeared. TKe A. I. R.oot CompE^ny, Medina, OKio. make you an estimate on the goods you need. We are prepared to fur- nish you Bee-keepers' Supplies AT LOWEST PRICES, and can make prompt ship- ments. : : : : Discounts for Early Orders. J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Alabama. 1904 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 1181 ^ ^\L ^\L ^^L ^^6 ^St s\t S^L ^\L ^L ^L i^^t ^L ^^L ^Sl ^L ;,^ ^L ^t ^^ If Goods are Wanted Quick, Send to Pouder."— - "'J*' Established 1889. Bee=keepers Supplies. <^ ^^ j^t Distributor of Root's goods from the best shipping^-point in the Country. Jl^ /r My prices are at all times identical with those of the A. I. Root Company, 'If^ ^^ and I can save you money by way of transportation charges. ::: ::: Ji^ ^r *'^ ^4 Dovetailed Hives, Section l1oney=boxes. Weed Process Comb J^ ^r Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee=sniokers, '•C*' ^j Bee=veils, Pouder Honey=Jars, and, in fact, J^ # EVERYTHING USED BY BEE-KEEPERS. \^ '^- Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive. ?^ ->- J^ /J* During this month (December) I will offer a Special Oi-sooimt of ^ jye>r ceni r^ ^ for- Cash orders, for goods wanted for next season's use. During January the discount , J^4. will be 3 per cent. These discounts apply to orders for hives, sections, foundation, etc., but not ?>|^. ^H*' for honey-packages or shipping-cases, or goods for immediate use. One of those nice flexible ^(^ V bee-hats included free with every shipment, if you will mention it in ordering, telling where you . J^4 saw the offer. ^S^ ^H^ The new edition of A B C of Bee Culture is now here and is ready for immediate distribution. '|J^ ^r HONEY. ^^ ■^» I have on hand a large stock of extracted honey in 60-lb. cans, white-clover or water-white ^|f^ ' alfalfa. A single can of either at 9,V?c per pound. Two cans in a box at 8c per pound. Bee- ^ ^> keepers having a demand which exceeds their supply can here avail themselves of an opportunity. ^^^ _\^ ♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦♦♦♦ 1^ ^^ ♦ The finest and most accurate goods that the world produces. ♦ '"^^ -^1 1 Prompt shipments and low freight rates. A positive guarantee 2 -^^^ ! T that every detail shall be entirely satisfactory. We make mis- T j "^i ♦ takes, but we always correct them without expense to our custo- ♦ J^ ^ 1 mers. This is what you get when you send your orders here, a i^ '^<"' 4 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ "f^ Zs BEESWAX WANTED. J^ I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or trade. Make ^ ^^ small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being sure to attach your •J/L. ■^^ name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I shall be glad to send i, to you. fjj^ % WALTER 5. POUDER, { Z 5I3==5I5 Massachusetts Ave., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. j^ \ -wt \t ■>.* •** -»i# \i y* Ai* yt yt yt yt yt yt y* yt y* y* xv^ ^i 7^^ 7F 7F 7^^ 7\^ 7^^ 7F 7^ 7«'7l|T7lj^7\^7lF7F7li^7F7lF7f? ?v^ 1182 GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. Dec. 15 PAGE & LYON, NEW LONDON, WISCONSIN. J- Manufacturers of and Dealers in ^ BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES ^ ^ We will allow a cash discount of 4 per cent on orders sent in during Dec Send for Otir FREK New Illustrated Catalog and Price List. ^^ ^ ►I- ni4