UMASS/AMHERST

312066 0333 2693 6

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^GLEflNlNGS^

NBEE CULTUREO^i

VOL 5. 1377.

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UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
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r?.v icfenitifr to page 30: . December Xo.. our friends will see how Mr. Hili, in 1875, was oblige
to feed his bees aboiu i.SOO lbs. of sugar and honey, without getting any surplus at all, and how
ho, in 1876, got an average of 4B lbs. of beautiful comb honey, and 75 lbs. extracted, from his
whole 84 color.ies, besides increasing them to 102. His mode of wintering will be found In
this, and the December No. On page 28f>, November No., Mr. Muth speaks of the quality of
ilie honey; it seems the comb was in the popular section box. Friend II. sends us an ex-
I'lanatory letter which will be found over the leaf.

'-^■""" •'rrmrr

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan.

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The hoiHe on the lel't was formerly <a ilweinns, imt is now used for a honey house amt storinf? combs,
^he one in Iront was bnilt for wintering nuclei wiui suivjhis (lU'jen^, but as 1 can not successfully winter in-
do )rs I Siive it up. The other liouse was buiit last year, for the same i»uri)03e, liaving a filass front to allow
the sun to shine in, but was not entirely successUil. The nuclei are in a lon>{ box with division boards, so
that each lielps to maintain ihe heat. I have now 17 in it, init not in a- good coudiiion as 1 like.

Fiml enclosed a roui^h srouml plan ; it is on a scale of l-KJ incn to tlie foot. The line running from the
CDrnei- of the honey hou^e is a liigh, tii<lit, board fence ; the curved line is a winil-m-eaker made of cor)i fod-
iler for winttr. and taKen away in summer. The avenue next tlie lence is 4 It'i't 8 inches; ilie other (! ave-
nues are all 6 feet 8 inches. Tiie hives are 4 feet apart from center to center, ^.nd 2 fe^t tj Inches between.
The dots stiow where trees stand ; there are other small ones not marked. No. 1 is a larger iiive containing
2 swarms with 8 lianes each ; No. 2 is the long idea hive, wliich I cajl the grciit .V, and contains:? swarvus with
7 frames each ; No's. 3 are all donole nuclei that 1 am trying lo winter, witli 5 frames eacli— frames a by 71 in-
side measure ; No. 4 is a floor for feeding meal.

The representation of the hives in the cut is good. I have thin boards h inches wide, cut vsith the prop-
er bevel to fit, from the lioltom of portico to reach close to iioles in the front of ilie liives, to help the bees at
all times to reach the entrance easily, as it is hard for them to crawl up the .'-ido of the hive, especially when
the weather is cold and they ai'e a little chilled. J. S. FIill, Mt. llealihv. O., Dec. 16. 1876.

Contents of this Number.

Spriner dwindliujr, chuff as a remedy 5

Section'!, fdu.. condi huney, etc 7

Uuciiwheat. siher-hull- \vild ber^tamot (>

Sorghum Mills ". (i

Snrjiliis h )ne^ , in full sized fr<imi s (>

Hiw 10 wintt-r (!

Wii'^n to |)'it 1 11 boxes 7

Apple l)lussiim honey, how to utilize it 7

Too much honey, just enough 7

Bdes, how lout:; Uo they live V 7

Swarm inz, iiitural and artificial 7

Queens, how in my egjs should they lay V 7

Ohall: hive, how to make the inside 8

Hoiiev, how to get it out of tlie hive in a '•lump." 8

Section boxes, and how lo make them 8

Fdu-, and how to fasten it in thi; frames 9

SecJ 111 fiMines, lunv to put them in the hive 9

Straw hives and Ameiicin cheese boxes 10

I'dii., m lohiufr. for mjiking 10

Bi;cky mountain b-e pl;uit lo

Dlvi^ion lioards of clialT, how to make ll

Gottiuic away from their sL^rt s in winter U

Bees, dislu 1-1 ling durini? cold weaihar ll

Honey lint woiii candy 11

House api iries, ventilition 11

Seciions with closed lop bar 12

(Jomb honey; Djolittle's system •••12

Drones and drone comb, how to get an abundanee of • • .VA

Friend Hill's Apiirv 1, -iii

Straight comb>, all about how to .secure 'em ll,

Simplicity bee hives, how to make 1.5

S>-ctioii frames in.side of largo frames 1.5

How to use the lin separators 1(!

Humbuirs an I swindles IC,

Niiclai, how to winter b;

Disciided hives, whit lo do with 17

I'Vom our (Inrman correspondoiu 17

Queen's wings, how t ) clip 17

Sw vruiing fcv(;r, hoiv to tdl it 17

<Tin Id Combs, how to fasten 17

100 lbs. co'.ub lion^y to the colony, ho tv to gel is

Swarming, how to prevent 18

Honey, how to sell at good pi ices 18

Fastening bees in their hives in winter 1!)

Feeding bees in winter li'

Frames at fixed distances 1!>

Bees, how many make a swarm 10

Iinp(n-tiiig queens 20

Bee tree, how to get the bees 20

Honey, how not to get it 20

Stimulative feeding detrimeiitid 2<i

Italianizing, how best to do it 21 — 2.5

The old w ay and the new 21

Fdn. iind bulgins, does the imsition of the cellsafi'ect it.22

Wax pure, no substitute 22

Extracted honey in tin cans 22

Projiolis vs. s-ticking plaster 22

Hou.se apiary with thin walls 22

Temperature of thr brood nest 25

Comb honey, how many cubic inches in a pound '2,5

Tnrs 20th day of December. 187(5. we are rejoicing to
find that we liave i»t2 subscribers to start the New Year
with. May the kind Fither aboTo grint us health,
streiiLitli, wisdom and discretion, in our ellorts to return
you a full ci|iiivalpnt for your money.

A.vei*ill Oliemical Faint.

TIIK OXLY RKLIAP.LK.
THK MO,ST BEAUTIFUL.
THE MOST KCOXOMIUAL.
THE MOST DUllABLE.

llequires no oil tliinner or drier,
Kequire-t no waste of lime in mixing,
lias stood ciiiht i/riiis" cril/eisiiis
With i/vnrli/ incrcaacft popularity
And yearlii increased sales.
Is .sold by the gtiUoii only, in pa<"kages of from 1 to
to gallons each, in Purest "White and any Color or
Tint desired.
Address, for samjile cartl of colors and price list,

.A.\'«TiIl C/'lioiTiioal l*aiiit Co.,
OlUce and Factory l.'?2 it 1:54 East Kiver Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO. H-6-'77

1877

<JLEAN1NGS m BEE CULTURE.

•rABJLE O.F IPRJEMBUfllS.

.Tfljftis of Prcnihit.i Articles.

'v^2

O^o-

ttj/ -of them sent jrosi-ptiid wk rcc'pf of price.
— I.it-fuigraph qJ' Auiar-y, fmpleawiiis, etc. iT

— I'hotograpJi of lIiMi^c Apiary '25

— "Thai t'pcsirut^'' JVofiCf and JHItie ^^/tw '25
—Emersea's Ijinykr for (!tI,eakin<tS,

wiU hold i %^alnmes 51"

— " " 'tntfcr qttaUty CO

—Pocket Magnifn'tnfi "Glass <iO

—First cf)' socovd Vo!imic(ifGijEAyi:xoa..75
—liestqv.aVhty Kmvrson's Binder for

tiLE.VNINGS- 75

—DmibJe Lens 3fnfinJtict\»n 3 brass fee' 1,00
-Phoh) Medley, Bce-K^^epcrs ofAmerk-at'i ,00]

-First ttnd sevond fo/. &/ Gleanings.. 1,50]

-'Jenteiiniul'CJaljithrt Clock; a prcttit and\
iiccnratc time piece, that will tku evciil
*r'hen carrivd ahoKt.for ottli/ $2 OOi

~A real CoMpound Microsvojyc, beatUi- \
fnlljf Jlnished , and packed^vith Implc- j
Dwnis in u Mahofinny Box 3,15

Ntt'Kiber
oj Si(b-
sco'ibers
required
at or
at
75c. 1.00

15

nhimn bees.

I«ipor1-e(l and liomo Ired <]iieens; full c?okinic8 and
nucic'iis colonios; bco keep-er's supplies of all kinds,
<Jueeas In-eii early in the f pasoii. Send loi- ciitnlogue.
'~H( Dii. J. P. H. BEOWN,

Augusta, Ga.

:X3£:W OI>A.5SJ^ HOT<i-EY iSiOXOS^.
Asiy one iiiteresed in ne.at and {jrolitablo packages
s'or surplus honey may <io well U> cxauiine these
tjoxcs. CiixMilaj's live. C. R. ISHAM,
i2-l Peoria, W5 oming CV)., N. Y.

H.-.ving succeeded better than ever in our iniportK-
tion?, we will tie enabk-.i to sell our

COLONIES and qUEmZ

Next spring, at greatly reduced prices.
?ItJ Cli. DADANT & SOK, Hamilton, 111.

Dcolittle's Advertisement

Having ]ia<1 many calls lor wares u«cd in our api-
ary, we Lave concluded to sel! lor samples, as bflow;
that our bee-keeping friends, if they desire, m.ay have
a pattern to work by in making tSiem.
l><)olittle"'s improved Gallup hive with 30 boxes
and cases and wintering arrangement all

complete §6 25

Standaril Gallup hive with 24 boxes and cases

all complete ■ 25

The above are well painted, with tin roof.
Trample set ol ca&es with '21 boxes that will fit
anv frajue hive at top 14x20 (outside measure)

or "larger 2 00

>.<imple case with 3 boxe.* 40

- sample c.ise with 2 boxes (by m.iil Klc extra) Sa

■Sample box ready to nail (by mail 3 cts. extra; . . 03

5;oxe3 by the 100 ready to use 2 50

Koxes by the 10<^i ready to nail 1 7b

Tin tacks for fastening glass in honey boxe?,
sample b.y mail <5 ct.s. ; per ItOO, 40 cts. ;'p€r 5C(;0,
:J5 cts. ; (by mail « cts. extra per ICf 0).

Jilock to nail boxes on (by mail :!.")€ extra) 1 .W

i'.lockto tin boxes on :by mail 25c extra) 60

Address,, G. M. DOOLITTLE.
12-4 ' Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

SCvery Bcc-keepcr sltouKd ^tiibsc-ribc for it.

The American Bee Journal

1> the host scientific :uid pv.actical Journal of APICUL-
Tl'IvE in the world. Tlie mr st successful and experienced
Apiarians in Euro))e, as well a.s America, contribute to its
ii;t;;cs. In fact, it is the t.ldest and largest Bee Paper in
the English language. !$2. Per Annvni. Send a Stamp
for a Sample Copy. Addi^ess THOMAS G. NEWMAN.
tf ISt Claik St., Chicago. 111.

PURE BEES WAX.

Cut to auy siKC tk'sired.

PACKED IN NKAT WOODEN BO.tES-PAPER BE-

TWKEN EVERY TWO SIIEETO. AT .*1.0© PER

POUND FOR THE WHITE. OR 75 CENTS

PER 1>0UND l'X)R THE YELLOW.

IF W.\>,TED BY MAIt. ADD '25 CENTS TEU POCKD I'OK
PACKING BOXES AND POSTAtlE.

If taken in oin- regular packing boxes, slwefs 12x18
iticlics, 10 \KY cent, off from above prir<^ on TO ixmnds or
over.

Wax will be worked up to ordcn and «it into sheets of
any size desired, for 40 cenl-s per pound. ,

We Mill nay ;» cents jkt fioiind cash for bright yellow
wax, or sell it for 32.

One poiuid of wax nialres from 4 to 8 square feet of sur-
face. The thinnest wiH te used bj tiic bees, but is not
ni.tdo into comb as quickly as the heavier, which has *
greater depth of cell.

Sheets just risht for L. frames, both white and yellow,
kept constatilly in stock i>eady for shipment ; also square
S'iieets for section boxes. A bout 6 of Xha fonuer or ;i0 of
the latter (enoiigh for 1 Universal case) weigh 1 yoimd.

At aboN-e pi ices \vq "Can pay no freight or express charges
either way.

The only wholesale rates we ran give is 10 per cent, off
from abo^x3 rates on orders for 50 potuids or over, or 2('
jier cent, on 100 jwunds or over.

Comt) Foundation Machines.

Machines for making sheets 1 foot ^vide - $125 00
For making 5 inches lor section bo-xes - 36 00

The above prices are for cells i)i to the inch. If
drone size, or 5 cells to the inch, $3 oO extra. The ma-
cWnes are all ready for use, and lull instructions will
be sent to each purchaser. Address

A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

Choice Seeds !

Bee-keepei-g atwl all others who desire to purchase seeds
fer the farm, apiary, nursery, flower or vecrotable gaixlen :
figricultural or apiarian implements, supplies, &c., should
send for our new descriptive catalogue. Sent postage pairi
for 10 cents. Address, careful'y,

C. F. LANE'S N-W. Apiary .ind Seed Warehouse.
1 Koshkonong, Wis.

'I w'f' M\ '^

You cannot look over the back No's of Glkanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind ofaBindea". Who has not said—
"Dear me what a bother — 1 must have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be foimd." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comes
and you can sit down happy, any time you wish to find
any thing you may have previously seen even though
t were months ago.

Binders lor Gleanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for 50, 60, and 75c, ac-
cording to quality. For table of prices of Binders lor
any Periodical, see Oct. No., Vol. 2. Send In yoiH-
onlers. A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

ClLiXJISBrNO TJLt^T.

We will send Gleanings—

With The American Bee Journal (S2.00) ^.25

" The Bee Keeper's Magazine (1.50) 2. CO

" The Bee World ( '2.00) 2.50

" All three. The Bee Journals of America,... 5. 00

" British Bee Journal (S-2,00) 3,60

" American Agriculturist ($1.60) C'2.2.S

" Prairie Farmer ($2.15) I.'M

"• Rural New Yorker (82.60) 3.25

" J^cientilic American i?:3.20) ailO

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener (iJ.tOi 1.75
[Above rate* include all I'ostage.]

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jah.

BOOKS for BEE-KEEPERS and OTHERS.

[Any of those Ixwks wjli be {onvar«lef\ by mail, post-
■paid,\>\\ receipt of pvsceJ

In Ijnying; books, ari iiy9:ry thing ebc, V7C are liable to
disappointment if we iwake » purdiase without seemg the
article. Adnijttinii: that the bookseller couM read all the
booka he offers, as he has tliem /or sale it WCTe hardly to
be expected he would be the one to iBention all the foults,
as well as good tbm<?s about a book. I very much desire
that thoae who favor me with their piitront^e, shall not
be disappointed, and therefore, I am goinp;to try to pre-
vent it by mentionins: all the faults so far as I ran, of the
books in this list. To illustrate :, I sent for Miniature Fruit
Garden some years ago -, I found it a foreii^n book that
advised transplanting- beanng trees every year or oftener.
I sent for a book telling ho w to hatch chickens artificJally ;
this book was advertised V>y Oi-ange Judd Co. as being
something new and very desirable ; the little it contained
was nearly ail devoted to puffing a patented machine, yet
the advertisememt would lead one to supjwse it told how
to make a hatching machine as nlainly as the Candy
Book tells how to make candy. Again, How 1 Made $;j50.
A Year With My Bees, proved to be an English work,
written long before the era of movable combs, and as bo
kind of a date can be found about the book it looks as if
the publishci-s had purposely tried to make it appear that
it was a new American work, and up with the times.
Now the book is well worth the money, but the purchas-
er should know just what he is getting. In the following
list, books that 1 approve I have marked with a *, those I
especially approve * * ; those that aro not up to the
times t ; books that contain but little matter for the
price, large type and much space between the lines X \
foreign §.

These hand books that tell us how to do things, not
only educate us, but they are oft«n the very best invest-
ment that one ever mak-^s, aiid the small amount they
cost, comes back many times every year if they are faith-
fully read. When we get interested, is just the time to
read up a subject. Wo hear of receipts for doing certain
things, being sold for many times the cost of these books
that contain the same thing and ever so much more, and
often with illustrations fully explaining the work. I nev-
er spent happier hours than in reading my poultry books
when I was a boy ; and while busy with my coops and
yards I not only avoided idleness and bad company but I
educated my hands in the use of tools, as well as my
mind in the science of profit and loss. Parents if your
children have any taste for these useful pretty haiidbooks,
is it not a dnty of yours to encourivge it by judicious pur-
chases ?

3JOOK8 ESPECIALLY FOB BEE-KEEPEB3.

Laugstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee**t S2 00

Quinby's Mysteries of Bee- keeping**! 1 S^*

Bee-keeper's Text Book*t muslin 75

" " '• '• *t paper 40

A Manual of Bee-keeping, by John Hunter*! 25

Manual of the Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook*' 30

This, although small, is the only book we have i« Amer-
ica that is entirely \\\> to the times ; the best for begin-
ners.

How I Made $350 a Year with my Bees* t§ 25

How to make Candy** 50

Art of Saw-iiling*J 75

Lumberman's Hand Book*** 10

Fulkn-'s Grape Culturist*' 1 50

MISCELLANEOUS HAND BOOKS.

Ten Acres Enough** 1 25

Pive Acres too Much'* 1 80

Tim Bunker Papers* 1 50

An Egg Farm, Stoddard** 50

Window Gardening I 50

Purdy 's Small Fruit 1 nstruclor* 25

How to Use the Mici'oscoj)e 75

Play and Profit in my Garden '' . 1 50

"Our Digestion," by Dio Lewis** 2 00

Onion Culture* 20

Practical Floriculture* 1 50

Gardf ning for Profit** 1 50

Strawberry Culturist, Fuller* 20

Small Fruit Culturist, Fuller- 1 50

Forest Tree Culturist, Fuller* 1 50

How to Build Hot-Houses, Louchar* 1 50

'Draining for Profit and Health, Warring 1 50

What I knoM' of l-'arming, Horace Greely 1 50

Injurious Insects, Prof. A. J. Cook*** 10

JIOOKS inAT I HAVE KEVER EXAMINEP, BUT THAT ARE
IN GOOD REPUTE.

Broom Corn aud Brooms iwpcr .''>0 cloth 75

Cider Maker's Manual, Buisl 1 50

Amcricaji Pomology, Warder ,'! 00

Canary B'rds paper 50 cloth

Farmer'.^ Barn Book

Pteiir 01t!';re, Fields

American Bird Fanyier ,

American Weeds and Useful Plants ,..-.

liement 's Rabbit Fancier ,.......,

Bommer's Method' <;f Making Manures -

Burn's Architectural Drawing Book,....

Buit'h Veget.ablfis of America

Cooke?) and (;ookmg Food for Domestic Animals...

Copley s Piajn and Or!};nnental Alphabets

Dana's M uck Manual

I>arwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols-.

Gun, Rod, snd Saddle

Harris (in the Pig

How to Get fk Fa rm and Where to Find One

How to Use the Piistol..

Jennings' Horse Trahiing Made Easy.......

Jolmson's How Crops Feed.

Johnson's How Crops Grow

KMpparts V/heat Plant

Leavitt's Facts Aboat Peat.

Mrs. Cornelius's Young Housekeeper's Friend

Phimmer's Carpenters' and BuiMer's Guide

Skillful Housewife

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas

Cranberry Culture, Whit«... ,

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard

Farming by Inches, Bai-nard

Gardening for Money "

My Ten Rod Pann " ,

(Strawberry Garden "

Carpentry Made Easy, Belf

Fur, Fin, and Feather

Pish Culture, Garlick

How Plants Grow, Gray

Manual of Botany and Lessons, Gray

School and Field Book of Botany, Gray

New Cook Book, Mrs. Hale

My Farm of Edge wood

American Angler, Norr is

Rhododendrons, feind

Landscape Gardening, Downing.

Guenon on Milch Cows

Sorgho, or the Northern Sugar Plant, Hedges

My Vineyard at Lakeview

Shooting on the Wing

American Wheat Culturist, Todd

Cotton Planters' Manual. Turner

Practical Butter Book, Willard

Youatt on the Hog

Youatt on Sheep

(harden Vegetables, Burr

Fruits and Fruit Trees of Americit, Downuig

Complete Works on Chemistry, Leihig

Gardening for Ladies, Loudon

Riley on the Mule

Flax Culture (seven prize essays by practical growers)

Peach Culture, l^'ulton's

How To Paint, Gardnei'

Gregory On Cabbages paper

Gregory On Squashes paper

Gregory On Onions paper

Insects Injurious To Vegetation Plain, St (Kt..

With coloied plates, ?6 50

Gardening For Pleasure, Henderson

Hop Culture ;

Jenny Jinie's C(X)k Book

Cotton Culture, Lyman

^Manual Of .Flax Culture and Maniifactur j

Parsons On The Rose

Potatoo Cidture, (prize essay) paper

Money In The Garden, Quiiin

Pear Culture For Profit, Quinn

iVlatuial Oii The Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P. Roe

Farm Iinpictiiciits Ami Machinery, Thomas

Earth Cidscts, How To Make Tlieni, Warring

Gardening For Tlie South

Cranl)erry ("ultiu-e

Practical Poultry Keeper, Wright

Peat An(i its I'ses

Hedges And Evergreens, Wanler

Book On Birds, Holden

Sorghum .\nd I ts Products

Taxidermist's Manual

Practical Tix)ut Culture

Farming For Boys

Silk (Jrowcr's Guide

Paiiit<u', (iuiklor and Varni-iSier

Mushroom tJulture

The Farmer's Iteceipt Boc'-.

The Mwlel Potatoe

A pplc Culturist, Todd

Willow Or Ozier Culture

Youman's Household Srio"-'.-o,

1 5(>
1 25

1 75

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rucivoTJHo rro beich atsi> hondby, at^x* noiwnB i]VTi3nE:sTs.

A. I. ROOT, ^ PublisUed Monthly. rTERMS: «1.00 Per Anmim in Ad-

Publisher and Proprietor, [ ]vsLnce; S Copies for %2.50; 5 for %3.75;

Medina, O. ) lEstaljlisliecl in 1S73. LlO or more, 60c. each. Single Number 10c.

Vol. V.

JANUARY 1, 1877.

No. 1

CHAFF AS

A REMEDY FOR

©WIWI>I.-Il>f«.

SPRING

I

Tif HOPE t'nough has Ij'.'en said in relation to win-
tering; bees packed in chad' to induce every rea-
'^^^ der ol Uleanincjs who has not a good winter-
ing honsc to give it a trial with a few hives this
winter, and report the result next spring. And now
a few words to those who have good wintering
houses or cellars, where they always winter bees
successfully. Next spring when you take yo\ir bees
from their winter quarters, select two or three good
lair average size colonies, with honey and pollen
sufficient to last them till they can obtain a supply
from natural sources, set them in boxes enough lar-
ger than the hive to afford a space of about three
inches between the liive and box en all sides and
over the top of the hive, and after arranging a pass-
age for the bc-cs so that they can go out and in as
they choose when the box is lllled, fill the space
and pack it snugly with dry chafl' and leave them
there unmolested, undisturbed, until after fruit blos-
soms, or until freezing nights are past. Now select
an equal number of colonies as nearly equal as pos-
sible in size, and set them on their summer stands
without protection, and after doing all that you can
from the time they are set out till the latter part of
May or lirst of June to build them up, make strong
stocks of them by stimulative feeding, spreading the
brood combs apart and putting empty combs between
them, contracting the hive with a division board to
suit the size of the swarm, notice the difference
l)etween theio and those tliat you packed in chaff,
if it does not convince you that "springing" bees
packed in chaff will pay, while spring fitssing with
bees will not pay, your esperience will be different
from v.hat mine has been.

I am not very particular about the kind of chaff
used, but after having tried wheat, oat, buckwheat
and clover, I prefer the first named, as it does not get
wet or damp as easily cither from rains or by damp-
ness from the cluster of bees. J. il. Townley.

Jackson, Michigan.

SECTJ01X.9, FOIZVISATIO?*!,
E\, ETC.

COMR HON-

5S^^OW this is my club and I proiiose to add toitdu-
l^ll ring the year, so "set 'er down." 1 have put
away 33 stands of bees in the cellar in prime or-
der; it is less trouble than to dig a pit, and if done
light I think it is as good, "llans" has his in a root
house: it would be a good place if he did not have to
go in every day for root ■.

My report is, from 22 stocks in spi-ing 1,230 lbs. ex-
tracted honey, 11 new stocks in hand and two out
in the vvood? somewhere. Only 3 days good clover
honey weather, and 14 days good fall honey. I never
doubt big honey stories it I am assured they have a
long spell of continuous honey flow.

Now about your sections and our fdn. I suppos-
you thought you liad got ahead of me by sending me
gratis a pound of fdn. to replace that which
kinked so badly. We want you to understand that the
fdn. was our experiment as well as yours, and nothing
remains to be made good, so here's your 75 cents for it.
All I complained ol was that you sent by express in-
stead of freight as we ordered.

We do not like the Iioop arrangement for surplus
boxes as they are too cold niglits. We finallj' succeed-
ed in getting 11 sections out of 30 filled.

AVe took premiums at two fairs, and were beaten
at one. Our iioney was dark and although all ad-
mitted the package to be superior, the premium was
given in one instance to some superb honey in a
glass box, as it should have been. At the other two
fairs we had dark honey to compete with, and beat
other packages, however fancy, all hollow.

We have decided for ourselves, and '■'■our bees,"
mind you, that natural comb is better tlian fdn;
tliat the sections should be of a size to fit inside ol
a Langstroth frame— t; in a frame ; th;;t the* tin sep-
arators have more objectionable features than use-
ful ones, chief one being the distances between
combs, two spaces, one each side of tlie tin, and
difiiculty of handling sections when waxed in ; that
comb built on fdn. has a hard core, and does not
melt In the mouth as does natural comb, when nice.

The problem for you to solve is, to make fdn. so
delicate that it cannot be told from nice, new, nat-
ural comb; and for us to solve, is how to get them
filled of a uniform thickness, with not more than 3(
inch between surfaces after finished.

We cannot get our bees to produce natural comb
to fill sections as Doolittle does, except when honey
is coming in rapidly ; then it is too expensive. So
we intend to use fdn. if we can. To make it a suc-
cess the sections must be kept warm night as well
as day.

Novice, your chaff hobby is the most sensible one
you ride. We hope you will make it a success. We
hope you will add a naught to 1,S43 this year, in-
stead of tumbling, as yon fear.

Our lioney went off like hot cakes at 15 cents for
clover and 12X for fall honey. K. J>. Joineii.

Wyoming, Iowa Co., Wisconsin.

GLiiANINGS IN BEfi CULTURE.

.1a^.

^.Jir' AST ,ve:)r I sowed two biisliols of buckwheat on two
f\i_/]\ acres and {jot SO bushels. L:ist spring I sent money
'' to Gregory for four lbs., thinking his kind nii^ht be
nicer thaii mine, but it Was a little darker than my kind,
i sowed fotir lbs. of each kind July lOtli. It was so dry
for about four weeks that it did not sprout at all and a
frost caught it before it was all ripe j from the foul' lbs.
from Gfregoi^, I got 2J4 bushels and from my 4 lbs. I got
3J-2 bushels.

[From Gregory's seed catalogue. 1

SiLfEK-HuLi. BtcK-sTHEAT. A uew/variety olTeved as
:m improvement on the common Buckwheat. The grairi
is of a grcA- color, while the corners are much le5.s promi-
nent and the husk is thinner, thus saving fifteen percent,
of warrte hi the" ptotess of manufacturing. Messrs. Piatt
A Barnes, proprietors of Buckwheat Mills, certify, "We
Regard the Silver- Ilulled Buckwheat as the best we have
rvur seen, and should judge it will make from three to
rive Hi's, mor'e of liour and of Ijetter quality per mcasufed
bu.shel than the ordinary buckwheat."

Friend Iv, semis the following ^'!ippecl fraffl
;i newspaper,

BtrcKWiTEAT.— The Im^k wheat crop throughout this
r'ounty was last week hoftsed, and' \^e learn that in the
•(■ipper townships it \7as a verf good oife. Th'on'gh some-
.Vhat scant fn Strav? in some plaCs, it wai' n'ev^'rtheless
lurge iii yfeld— never better. There aYe two kiVids of
I'luck Wheat t&at are now being cultivated— the oiVe kn6\^'n'
.is the common bro'^n shell variol.y, old as tfe'e ii'atibn its-
:^elf, a'nd tfje other an ^mpfoieS kJnd AaH'ed the "silver
hiiii,'' teCanSB of th'e ioM' oi hs c-xtcrht ^ieti %fh'ert filiy
■Hpe'. 'f'lirs hiitet i's an extiraordi'nairil'y largi' yi'etder; g'oocf
sized and hefty in the grain, and from eight to ten days
( arlier than the old kind. Our valued friend C. H. Fos-
ter, of Lynn, we learn has this year realized 55 bushels
of the "Silver Hull" variety from a very small tract of
I'lild plmted with it.

He adds :

Mr. Foster got a half bushel from me last spring' and
ijot from it 55 bushels. D. N. Kern.

Shitnevsville, Lehigh Co., Pa. Oct. :i.3d. 187G.

WI5.0 BEKCiAMOT, KORCiitlUM MIff.LS,

IjOts of money, etc.

OSjjS^ELL. friend Novice, I was taken sick with fever
wW on 5th of September and have been unable to
oijen i! hive since. 'Tis only during the past
week that 1 have really begun to feel like being able to do
Komething. I got friends Cramer and Kellogg of Oneida,
111. to go to the river (in September) ;ind take ofi my box
lioncy and extract. They extracted 790 lbs. Taking
the season througli it was a good one for honey, though a
little too wet during white clover bloom for a heavy
yield. I had -ii; stocks to begin with in tho spring; 20 of
them I calculated would be able to work iu boxes, the
balance I thought would be able to get themselves in
shape by fall.

Last fall a Sorghum factory thinned them out rapidly,
(hough I did not know the cause till in the winter, when
a man said to me, that he felt "mighty sorry" for me as
llioy killed my bees by the thousand as thoy flew into the
liot stea-iu. This fall not a dozen bees could be seen
there. At the river I had 02 hives on shares, ]^\\l( in good
condition, the balance medium. They increased to ]."iO,
Hiving 88 increase saved, besides 20 probably, that left for
fowa or the Islands. They gave box honey []r>()d, of ex-
tntctcd 790. This honey was ail gathered from Wild
liovgaroot wiufh blooms from July iOtli to September,
! Mfot the half of tlio above nt ui.\' home .npiary. I had Ui
U(}W swarms, and about 25(io Uy^. of box honey (1 Ind

no time to extract) so you can see my summer's work paid
me very well. Ovbr 1000 lbs. of honey, average pried
20c. ji800 ; 88 new swarms .510. each, §880. Total 8IG8O.

]Mr. N. Jarvis *»ho has an apiary a few hundred yard^
from Ours at the river, had 38 stocks in good conditioil
last spring ; increased to 108 and tool; about SOdO. lbs. of
box honey. Which he sold af the low price of IGc. per lb.
In 'Hi he had but 5 stocks. In the meant'me lie has sold
about .$200. in bees besides Icjts of lidrie'y, and now has
over 100 sto'cka for next spring's work* Who .?ajs bees
Won't pay in a good locality ? He has his bee.i stowed
away in a cafe in ihe sand. I suppose Hollingsworth'st
and mirie livd being put in to-day— 200 in one cave dug out
of the sand.

L)uring the summer I Had iSG stocks to Handle. I did
ail the work, ciceot In m'y absence other parties Kiyeu
the Swairma. Tfie apiaries are over 2^ miles apart.' YoU
Can rest assured that I had f-iairteJy a mdmerit's rest al<
summer. C. O. Perrinc Atas here a few days ago on hi^
\tay Sonth, he intends sowing 400 lbs. of sweet clover as
an experiment hi the Sonth. I believe the aecttons are
going to take better than boxc£ 1 notice the demand iri
ChJciigo is for "h'oriey in small pacTva^"en of t and 2 lbs.
I?o demand' for largo packages."' T. O. McGaw.

Monm'outh. Ills. Nov. £J)th. IsVh'.

Where soVghuiri mills a!re visited by th'e
bees a's in the case mentioned, ■we would,
advise the bee-keeper's going to the expense or
making a cheap cloth coVering, as we do for
oti^ cider itfill. The bees very ;ioon' get ove/
the habit, a'ud' give up trying to get to the
rfancferoii's, sweats. Tliis vhld bergaraot is cer
tain'l.t rty item worthy of consideration, u'ntl if
frieftxi JVt:. will Efcnd vrr. a .Tam'plc of it, we 'vyili
tell you ail ju'grt wh'a't it fe li'ke, with all fhe
pleasure in the world.

SUKrLUS IIOKEY IN FULL SIZED FKAM/iS.

You say friend M. 3-ou had no time
to extract; suppose you had lifted out
full combs, and put empty ones iu their
places, providing each hive with an upper sto-
ry, how much more labor would it have re-
quired than boxes 'r Not tjs much labor or
expense, as the cheapest kind of boxes, and
then when the season was over yon could have
extracted at your leisure, or could have sold it
in the comb, whichex-er would have paid
best. We have tried thia latter plan, and are
inclined to think there is no easier way in the
world of getting honey out of the hive;s, and
away from the bees. The great troui>le is that
these 6 or 8 lb, frames are I00 large to retail to
good advantage. Now why can we not put
sections inside them, as does friend Rice, and
go on our way rejoicing V Who will tell ?

VARIOUS SUBJECTS.

fp|^ KAU NOVICE:— I have been conning over this
JJU/j year's No's of Glkaninos and was struck by
— ' the amount of space given to the wintering and
springing ol' bees; this is my apology for this com-
munication.

now TO WINTEK.

In the outset, let mc say that I have never loatja
stock in wintering or springing. AVhether it is owing
to the management, care, or way of preparing for
winter, I will leave it for your readers to judge.

[ Ijreparc my hives for wintering early— don't wait
until cold weather comes. Most of them arc made to
use side boxes as well as top, ami of course v>hcn the
boxes arc removed and contr.vcting boanJs in i^hicc. It
gives a chance to sl\Ul' the sides and top with lino cut

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

straw or dry leaves, six inches thiclj. This year I
have thrown away contracting boards altogether for
wintering purposes anil have made matH of unbrolfen
rye straw. I place mats at the sides, fitting and press-
ing them in close and tight, then by making the top
mat a little larger than to cover the franies,bending the
ends of top mat down over the toiis of side mats, I
have almost a straw hive— have lllled in with straw as
before. I place tliem in this condition in the cellar
which is large, dry and dark, about the '20th of Nov.,
after they have had a good fly— set them two feet
from the ground— removing covers and opening en-
trances about the same as in summer. I take them
out about the 10th of March if the weather is suitable,
and never have returned them again to the cellar.
Now mark. 1 let this packing remain uittil time to
put oil boxes, and it seems to me this is one of the
main uses of packing. The result with me has been
hives just boiling over with bright, strong, healthy
bees, ready for the harvest when it should come.

WHEN TO PUT ON ISOXES.

I see the above question is often asked. This *'no
fellow can lind out" as an invariable rule. It is a
matter of juilgment, subject to certain conditions. I
see the question answered, "when the hive is full of
honey." According to my ideas, that is a little too
late, friend Novice. With the hive full of bees and ap-
ple blossoms out, put on top boxes and perhaps boxes
on one side. This season for instance, I put boxes on
with the above conditions and the consequence was, I
had my boxes half full of nice new comb and honey,
before the wild crab-apple and wild plum were gone,
to say nothing of our orchard blossoms.

Al'PLE KIX)S80M HONEY, HOW TO UTILIZE IT.

The honey obtained is scarcely merchantable, but
the beauty of it is, the bees will use it out of the boxes
to raise young bees, and so have the combs in boxes
all ready prepared for the white clover harvest. Now
if the above conditions, or something like them do
not exist, don't be in a liurry to put on boxes, would
he my advice. So after all, we can but say it is a mat-
ter of judgment subject to certain conditions, and
leave it.

TOO MUCH HONEY, JUST ENOUGH.

I see questions asked and instructions given in al-
most every bee journal as to what should be the con-
dition ot stocks when prepared for winter. Almost
all advise "if tlie hive is too full of honey extract
it fr mi at least two combs in the center," &c. So
would I if I ever found such a one ; but I never did
when the stock was in a normal condition. A weak
swarm of-bees no bee-man can afford to winter;—
«<ouble them up. If there is one thing more than an-
other in bee culture that I believe in, it is strong
stocks ; and anything that will bring about such a con-
dition of things will lead to success. How much
pumping out does such a swarm need after setting out
from the close of the honey ; cason until the last of
November ? Not much I That hive full of honey .ind
bees, well i)ackcd and put in the cellar, will come out
in the sjjring with some iO or l.'i lbs. less in stores,
strong in numbers, little or no dwindling il the pack-
ing remains, plenty of stores to keep up breeding, and
will lie fully ready for the lioncy harvest when it shall
come. K. H. Mki.len, Amboy, Dec. S, itiTfi.

We heartily endorse all the above.

FROITI OOOLITTI^E ONCE MORE.

BEAH GLEANINGS:- If at any time you think we
I an- taking too much liberty in criticism of matter
"^^ found on your pases please give us a gentle hint,
:jnd 've uill do <!> no more. (>;i p:v_'r ?.W> we find that the

KEES, now LONfx DO TIIET LIVE f

average life of a worker bee during the summer season i^
but ;iO days, and as Novice does not say otherwise we takr
it for granted he believes this to be a fact. One experi-
ment however will convince him or any apiarian th:it thi
avenige life of the worker is 45 days, or one-third mon-
than given aV)ove. Take a black stock for instance thi'
10th of June and introduce an Italiiui queen so that shf
shall commence laying on that da.y. In 21 days the last
b'ack bee will have hatched, and at the end of 45 days
from the time the last black bee emerged from the cell.
no bliick bees can be found in the colony. At 40 days
plent.v of them can be seen and but very few the 44th.
And right here I woidd sa.y that at 15 da.ys from the timr
the first Italian hatches if they are at work in boxes wi-
will see none but black bees going in and out at the en-
trance, while those in the boxes will lie all Italians, show-
ing conclusivel.v that the bees that gather hone.v are not
Ih". ones that put it in the boxes. Ajain, we find on tlii'
next page that a worker may live six months if wintereil
in the most sticcessful way, while experiment will show
that they will live S months. For instance, we have in-
troduced Italian queens to black stocks the middle of Sep.
and have had man.v black bees in said stocks the first o;
June of the next year. Italians are said to live longc
than black bees, but I have never conducted any experi-
ments on that point.

We cannot agree with those who think the Italians will
not enter boxes as readily as black bees, or that the.y will
not go to the top of the box to commence work, for all
our experiments and practical experience go to the con-
trary. Our Italians not only average more honey in the
box, but are at least 10 lbs. ahead in stores when winter
comes. That the Italian bee is any larger, or has aii.x
longer tongue than the black bee we could never see, but
they are far more industrious ; toiling and persevering for
that which the black bee does not think worthy of notice.
For instance, a number of years ago, when we had 15 col-
onies of blacks to 3 of Italians, we put a little sugar intd
some maple sap and started the bees with honey ; the.\
came in about the ratio given above, but as soon as tlii
honey was gone the black bees quit, while the Italian^
carried off the whole. So we have repeatedly found th:n
while the black bees and poor hybrids were starving, thr
Italians would make a small gain every day.

SW.4.EMING, NATURAL ANU ARTIFICIAL.

We wish we could agree with A. J. Cook in regard to
natural swarming but we cannot, for we have made arti-
ficial swarms by all the different ways given and have
come to the conclusion that in no way can an artificiul
swarm be made, that will work for the first few day^
equal to a natural one. A natural swarm has the wax al-
ready secreted before it leaves the pai-ent hive for a star:
in its new home, and will build more comb in the first 2 1
hours than an artificial one will make in the first 60 ; also
the natural swarm has the right proportion of bees of ali
ages for nurse bees, wax workers, gatherers, &c. As foi
each hive having a laying queen, one can be introduced t-i.
the old stock as soon as it swarms, thus providing then.
with a laying queen at once ; but such a stock will hardl.v
compare with one that raises its own (lueen, if they arc
not allowed to swarm the second time. There is an im-
petus about both new and old stocks by nature's course
that cannot be given by any artificial means.

QUEENS, now MANY EGGS SHOUL]> THEY LAY?

Inthe^ee World for Nov. we notice that H. Al-
ley, of Wenham, Moss., says: ''A goo<l, prolific queen,
say one that will lay one hundred thousand eggs in a year
will play out in two years." Now let us look a moment.
We give the smallest brood capa<'it.\- for a hive, of any api-
arian in Ameri(ta,— about 800 square inches. This is kojit
fdlcd with brood from the first of June to the middle ot

8

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan.

Vugust, or 7.) (1-1.VS. As there are 50 calls to every square
iich of roinb, the fiucen must l:iy 10,000 everyai days, or
1 Iri.SOO in tlio 75 d;i,> s. Now all pood colonies will have
)rood by Cliristma-, and by taking: the avera<?e increase
<.f eggs laid t'roni then to tlie first of June, and from the
middle of .\iigiist to the time of ceasing to lay, which is
about t lie lirst of Oct. witli us, we have at least 100,000
more or 24o,000 for the year ; and this for the smallest
brood chiunber in use. Wliat .\dair and Gallup claimed
for a queen would be 3 times this. Oui queens will aver-
ige good and jjrolilic for 3 years, or are good for 729,000
::ggs. Why so small a statement is given we cannot con-
•eive, unless it is to sell short lived queens. Friend Cook
•n his manual gives from 20,000 to 40,000 workers in every
jood colony, and their age as three months. He also
slates in said manual that a good queen m:iy liy 3,000 eggs
iier day. How can we reconcile these statements ? Will
Novice tell us ? — as he says this is the book for beginners.
'I'hree tliousand eggs for tliree months would be 270,01 0,
■ustead of from 20,000 to 10,000. Will the readers of
(tLkanings read 133d page for description of mud hut in-
sti Md of l.i2. With proper attention this hut need not
^al•y mdre than two degrees during the winter. Ours
scauds just the same although at writing the mercury ont-
Nide stands at 8° below zero. G. M. Doolittle.

Ijorodino, N. Y., Dec. 12, 1876.
Wf sliull be very ranch obliged indeed toany of
nuv Irioiids who will call attention to errors
that may creep into Gleanings, for it is the
very btst way to teach us to "look sharp."
Where we have snch a multitude of new be-
ginners ihir&ting for knowledge, it is not only
iinsat'e, but often positively dangerous to allow
:!ross triors to pass uni-ebuked We always
intend to give the average life of the worker
i)ee at ninety days; less in summer, and more
in winter.

m^ •^^ "^m^

€HAFF HIVK, HOW TO JTIAKX: THE IjS~

LE.\sK tell more about your chafl'hive; I un-
der.'siand how the outside is made but not the
'^^^ in.si(le< Do you use the same corner pieces in-
side? Is chalf the only thing you use to separate
the inside from outside, or to keep the inside from
wettiing on tlie bottom with the weight of honey,
;,tiut you "'siiect" to have in "'em-'*' I do not un-
lierstand !iow you can lift the brood combs out with-
viit removing tiie upjier story. Don't j'ou have to
rumovo the frames or section boxes first?
.Saiilhviiie, N. Y. L. Heine.

If our friends wili (-arefully go over tlic de-
scription given in our Nov. No., we thiiik they
cannot l-iil to get a correct idea of the way in
whicli ihf chalf hivf" is made. The inside is
made ot tlie same kind of siding witli the
smooth side inward. Xail it together as cheap-
ly and roughly as you please ; the more cracks
there are, the better will the bees get the bene-
1U of tilt' cliaft"; and if the frames are well sup-
jiorled and no space is left for them to build
combs except in the frames, we have all that
is needed. The inside is unconnected with tlic
outer sliell, except at the top and bottom ; at
the bottoiu a stout strip is put across under
each end, tvnd the upper story rests linnly on
the lower, to sustain the 100 lbs. of honey we
"exjiect.' Bear in mind that yon can let the
nuls of the l>oar(1s project any way you like,
,so you aie careful to ^et the inside dimensions
.lust right. Be especially careful to have the
l! nglh of the liive exact, and to give tlse \ in.

space at the ends of the frames ; to make sure
on this very important point, and preclude the
possibility of any of the "boys" nailing the
ends of the hive too near or too far apart, we
rabbet the side boards, or rather halve them,
so that the end boards mvfii come just right.
The siding for tlie inside is cut out with square
edges, not on a bevel as for the outside, and
the width is such that 3 pieces make the side
of one story. The ends of the hive are ^i( in.
narrower tiian the sides, that we may nail the
tin rabbet directly on the top — the back of the
rabbet being in contact with the chafl"; now by
using siding 3 in. wide for the ends, and S^^
for the sides, we come out just right, and the
upper story is made in the same way, except
that we use longer ends— 10 frames above and
14 below. We have to remove the frames or
sections above to get at lire brood comb, to be
sure, as you do with any upper story hive, but
you do not have to remove the upper story, it
being larger both wavs than the lower one. If
we could have frames run the same way iu
both stories, so that by removing 3 or 4 combs
we could lift out a brood comb below, it would
be quite desirable. But after long and anxious
study we decided it to be one of the impossi-
bilities, unless we brought iu loose pieces, or
machinery that could never be tolerated in a
bee-hive.

HONEV ; now TO GET IT AWAY EKOM THE BEES
IN A "I.UMP."

A one story Simplicity hive can be set m the
upper story of the chaff hive without any
trouble, thus enabling you to lift all the upper
frames or a full set of sections at one operation,
but if you undertake it with a set hi led with
honey, unless your taste for heavy lifting is
greater than ours, you will prefer to take it in
a or 10 lb. installments, — a frame of 8 sections
at a time. The single story Simplicity vfill
probably be the cheapest shipping case that
can be made, and at- it shuts clo^e and tight
will be quite handy for retailing. In fact, the
case, if entirely liUed, may be removed iroiii
tin. hive, set in front of it over iiight to let the
bees go out, and then sent to tiie store to bo
sold without even removing a section. Weigli
it when carried to the store and agai.'i when
taken away, and you know exactly how much
honey you are to be paid for. For convenience
in lifting we make handles to these single sto-
ries.

SECTION BOXB-:)*, AND HOIV TO MAKE
THEM.

A "SHORT CUT," KOR MAKING FRAMES, BOXES
AND LOTS OF THINGS.

EAIJ readers, I have something pleasant
to tell you, and I rather expect it will
set some of you crazy that have buzz saws, and
may have the same eftcct on some that have
none — it may make them crazy to get a saw.
It looks very simple and easy now, but you
can scarcely think how I exjierimented and
blundered, before I got so far along.

Weil we want some well seasoned pine lum-
ber, and it may be of any width or thickness,
in fact if the boards are all widths, it will do
HO. hurt. First saw tlie boards up into lengths
of about 3S inches. When you have got quite

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

a good pile, saw a part of them into 3 inch
strips, that is if yon have decided on 3 inches
as ttie proper distance of your section boxes
from centre to centre. This i«i the distance
we shall use, and we will fio ahead aecordinij-
ly. Tarn these strips up edy;ewise, and saw
off thin strips, just ly in thickness; perhaps
the ijj had better be pretty plump, but we can
work that thickness very well. After you
have (juite a lot, pile them np in bunches of
perhaps 40 or oO, and take some strips of stout
paper, flour sacks for instance, and with small
tacks, fa-:t'Mi the strips so they can be handled
like a solid 3 inch plank. The idea is, to have
this l>undle of strips so tirm, that you can lay
it on your saw table, and cut off lengths just
as if it were a solid plank. We use strips of
paper about 1 inch wide, and tacks so small,
that they can be pushed in to the heads, with
the thumb iinil. Now put on these strips at
such distaivos that in cutting ott" the lengths
for sections, the saw will noi strike the tacks,
and that each bundle may be tied with a stri[)
of paper. A part of the advantage of this way
of working is that we get 450 pieces by run-
ning the saw through 50 times one way, and 9
tirai s the other, and moreover our stuff is put
up in ueat bundles and counted when we get
done; in fact the individual pieces that make
the frame or section are never handled singly
at all, by the one who makes them. All kinds
of frame and l)ox stuff can be made in the same
wa3% and the pieces are of an e.>c:actness in di-
mensions, that can never be attained by the
method of sawing them out singly. We will
call this invention No. 1.

The former is for nailed fram.'s, and our
next "bright idea" is to shovv you how to put
these together without nails. Well, set your
saw table so that it will allow the saw to cut
just ijj inch in depth and then tix a steel blade
in the saw table so that it will project above
the surface just ig of an inch. This blade is
to be parallel with the saw, and just ig of an
inch from it. Very well, now take one of
those bundles of side pieces — 4^4 inches long
we make them — and stand them on end with
one corner against the steel strip. We will
call this steel strip a track, for convenience ;
push the stuff through, and you v,riii have a
single groove across all, 'g deep. Now set
this groove on the steel track — the track is
perfectly straight, and just fills the groove cut
by the saw — and saw the next and .so on ; the
last saw cut being set on the track to saw the
I'ext by, every time until the whole bundle is
grooved, as we have explained before, on both
ends. Anyone can do this, and it requires
very little machinery. To be sure we can not
work as fast with one saw as we could with
a dozen, but if we do 50 pieces every time we
go through, it is not so very slow after all.
Bv using a wabbling saw — see page 103, Vol.
IV— you can cut these grooves of any width,
and thus make this kind of dovetailing suita-
ble for large boxes and even bee hives. Sucii
a hive with the tenons miled, would be very
strong indeed.

FDN., now TO P.\STEN IT IN Tllli SECTIONS.

Our third and last "invention," is the
rr. atest of all, and it has occurred to us
many timc'S.that it would make a most beau-
tiful patent; the trouble is that <'verybodv

after once seeing it would adopt it forth
with, and Oh, dear, what a time I should hav.
in collecting my just dues. Now I most, po^i
lively forbid anyone using it who is not a sub
scriber to Gr.E.\NiNGS, for it is for our readers
alone. If any of you that borrow your pap-r
(h use it, I don't know what I shall do, but
it will certainly have something to do with
the "U. S. courts."

Now the great problem was to attach a shei-i
of fdn. to the centre of one these i^ strips, ti>
have it so secure it would bear shipping, and
yet have the device so simple, that vve could
still sell the section boxes for one cent each.
"Can't be done V" Wf^U we thought so a ^reai
many times, but we would not give it up, and
we "licked" after all. Did you never get your
finger pinched in a door, or in the hinge to tU';'
table Icafr' Well, if you were to put a stri)>
of fdn. in the crack of the table leaf and then
lift the leaf up, it would probably sticc. Now
you have got the principle; the top aufl
bottom bars to our sections are 1?^ incites, oi-
'4 narrower than thi uprights ; we vvill
take these long strips — 88 inches long — and if
there is a difference, we will sort out the best
half of them. Now take them and run them
over the saw so as to cut a groove lengthwise
exactly in the center, and so nearly througli ' he
stick, that it will bend somewhat like a liinge.
Very likely you will pronouce this a flim-
sy arrangement, and I really thought oi rhe
plan weeks before I had courage to try it — but
it really works beautifully when you once
learn how. At flrst one is very apt to br.nik
the sticks in tvvo at the "hinge," but if you will
lay one of the sticks on the table and the fop
bar on it so that one-half projects over, you
can bend it l)ack safely until the fdn. can be
slid clear to the bottom of the groove. Now-
lay it on the table, and as you push th-:- u;;-
rights into place, you will find the fdn. so miicli
of a fixture that it can be torn in two, before
it will come out If you are awkward and
break the top b ir clear in two, you have done no
harm except making yourself a little more trou-
ble; put iu the fdn., and press the picc-is to-
gether when you put in the uprights, and it
will be all right. ' .

HOW TO PUT THE SECTION FR.\MES IN Till
HIVE.

The fourth great invention — you see I am
"prolific'' — is hardly mine, for it has been bor-
rowed from several of you; eight of these s( <
tions, 41^ square, just fit inside of an L. fr;iiiie.

Now a common frame is not a good thinu: to
hold sections for several reasons., principally
because the bees would cover the exposed por-
tions with wax and propolis, and as we mean
to stop this entirely, wc will make a f?rinc
with top and ends, 3 inches wide, and botioin
bar 1^. As such a frame will have to )k-
nailed, we shall have to use stuff about 5 Ifi
in thickness all around. The pieces we sawed
out 88 inches long, will be just right for then),
for each piece will make a top bar and 2
ends, or 3 bottom bars. These frames filled
with sections, can be used entirely in the top
story, or we can have one on each side in the
lower story, thus securing the advantages ol
side storing, without any fuss or bother, and
we can at any time remove the who'e top sto-
ry, when we \\]<h to get at the brood combs.

10

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jak.

FOR

1>EPARTME>T
BOX HIVE BEE-KEEPERS.

Tfr'UST listen ti minute ! We saw a book ad-
'^P vertised, How I make fgriO.OO a year
with m}'^ beef;. Price S^c. of cour«e tlie book
was sent for aiid''lo ! it was an Enjrlish work,
and only treated of box hives and common
bees. At first. 1 was almost inclined to think
it deserved a place among the humbugs, but
as I glanced over its pages I found that the
author advised for stands for bee hives — vvliat
do you suppose, dear reader? American
'■heese boxes. Further on, we find there are
three ways of getting honey ; top storing,
side storing, and bottom storing. Stranger
-^till, this writer says it makes little difference
which plan be pursued, for the bees Avill make
about fs much honey one way as another. As
bottom storing requires the least labor, he
rather prefers that. Now where do you think
lie advises us to have the honey stored? Why
iu the cheese box of course, and all the labor
necessary is to cut three slots in the bottom
;!-16 wide, and three or four inches long, put
on the cover, turn it bottom upward under the
hive — our friend uses nothing but small cheap
sti'avv hives, compelling the bees to put all
their surplus in the cheese boxes — and go on
your way rejoicing. With this very cheap
and simple way of managing, one man can at-
tend to two or thi'ee hundred hives. Hoo-ra-
a-a-a-a-a-y friend Heddon ! Come along man,
and don't be bashful, we have found your
"sphere" at last. Imagine vast apiaries of
straw hives, all perched on cheese boxes ;
cheese boxes piled into pyramids rivaling
those of Egypt, cheese boxes loaded on wheel-
barrows, carts and wagons, and finally a gen-
erous cheese box as a centre piece for the
dinner table, with papa carving out huge
cakes of honey for the expectant juveniles. If
the apiary were located on a side liill, we
might just turn the boxes up edgewise, — whew!
We cannot waste another line on the subject,
but we will send you the whole book for 35c.

TliACHBNKRY FOR MAKINC; FOIV., AND

Jl'fl^AS'l'KU CASTS FOR START-

FRI§, ETC.

^(P^jHOULD any of the readers of Gleanings wish
j\^i 10 make a plaster cast to experiment on fdn.
-"^ with, the}' ran get a verj' perfect one by using
I piece of fdn. ni« follows: Lay the wax fdn. on a
■.-mootli level board, place a frame rim (just as large
as yon wish your cast) upon it, and HIl it with plaster,
lls^ing a little alum with the plaster to make it hard-
er and firmer. In this way you can jjet a cast as true
as the wax slieet, and by taking a second cast from
;}ic lirst you can get from tliis ;i metal plate, or type,
iluvt win make a tru;; fdn., with the lia^e of the cells
raiEcd; but runtdng metal on the tirst cast taken from
a wax sheet, ami using It ub a type, will give a fdn.
\vllh the surplus wa.t in the bottom of the cell, and a
ilepreselon wlieie the sides of the cell should com-
mence, A Jnan who understands working plaster can
• ast BiolfiUic rolls (as one of my friends demonstra-
aidi iierluetly true, by wrapping a sheet ol wax fdn.
around a true woouen cylinder, and tilling around
x\ith jilaslcr ; after it hardens, draw out the wooden
lyllnder asid then the wax sheet; put in your slialt
:.ud your melted uutal, and you will have a roU as

perfect as can be made by hand, but the cells will be
the reverse of the wax sheet you used, liy this meth-
od i think fdn. machines ought to be made for ten or
fifteen dollars. J. F. Laffeutv.

We give the above because there are so many
inquiries in regard to the matter, but we hard-
ly think our readers would use plates for mak-
ing fdn. on the old foreign plan, if the plates
were furnished them without charge, the pro-
cess is so slow and unsatisfactory compared
with rollers. We fear those who are trying to
make two rolls that will work together with-
out injury to each other on the plan mentioned,
have failed to take into account the great ac-
curacy required for such machinery. Tlie plas-
ter casts may do very well, for starters only,
but would not plain thin vyax sheets do as
well V See the following :

About the plaster foundations I may say that to
my mind they were quite satisfactory, not having
used those made by you or others. I got ray cast-
ing from J. r. Moore; it is drone size— I sliould say
about 4 to the inch. Witli regard to the plain wax
sheets I may remark that I tilled your case of sec-
tions with them as before stated, and gave them to
the bees August 8th ; one liad your toundation as
sent by you, and I found that they took to the plain
sheets more readily than your fdn., and in the J.
P. Moore boxes I thought tliey preferred the plas-
ter fdus. to the plain sheets. Perhaps I am not a
Butliciently careful observer to be reliable, but I give
you my pi'esent opinion on the subject. I hope to
use your foundations next season and compare with
the plain sliects and plaster. The editor cl the
British Jk'c Journal has, I think, all along asserted
that plain sheets are as good as anything. I have
omitted to mention what may i)erhaps be imjiortant;
that in some of J. P. Jitoore's boxes I put natural
comb, and I did not observe that they took to them
more readily tluin to the fdns. "Bkiak."

The statement made by the B. B. J. was in
regard to the fdn. made by the Euglish plates,
which has no walls at all. The fdn. we make
is often raised into comb containing honey, in
a single night, and tltis with a whole frame,
which we think almost an impossibility with
plain sheets, to say nothing of having it entire
worker comb. They build drone or worker, as
it happens, on plain sheets.

BEE BOTANY AND ENTOMOLOGY.

KOCKT MOUNTAIN BEE PIAHT.

FjROF. COOK :— T .send you by mail a branch of a
wild plant which grows abundantly and is known
*^^ here by the name of Cleonie. WVien young it re-
sembles a young tomaloe plant, blooming continually
from about the lirst of July until frost conies. It grows
from i to s feet high witli a .strong stock and nmcli re-
sembles the mustard plant. Bees made large (luaiitities
of honey from it of a light coloi' and fair fbivcr. Please
give mo tlie true tiauie. Hees hn\e made the most de-
licious lioney from the wild raspberry plant. It lias a
very light color, delicate llavor and as some say, tastes as
though ijcrl'umed. Winter our bees here on their sum-
mer stands. Chas. I*;. M( Ray.

(^aiiou City. Col.. Nov. ]!»t]i. l.sTi;.

This is the .Minnesota, or Rocky .Mountain Bee plant.
Scieiitilic name ('home intcprifulii'.^ I am surprised at
time of bloom, .luly Isl. Ours did not bloom till Septem-
Vicr. If this ^Yill ViUom -Inly 1st. i( is an invaluable piaiit
for honey. ^- J- CoOK.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

n

OUR OW!V APIAKV.

CilAKK DIVISION llOAUns, HOW TO MAKE.

i||riE bt'cs that are wintered on six coinb.s,
chart" cusliioiis at oacli side and over tliem,
are in tlie most lieautit'iil condition to our no-
tion, of any we have ever seen under any
circumstances. It is now the (!th of Dec, and
we liave had some nearly zero weather, yet the
bees in the liives mentioned arc clustered clear
up to their chatl' cushions on all sides, and we
ha\'e even in winter a hive full ; although they
are c()mi)elled to cluster on sealed honey, it
causes them no inconvenience for it is witriu
sealed honey, not cold. These chaff cush-
ions for the sides of the combs, are made just
enou,ii;h larger than a frame, to close the space
close and tight at the ends, and to come a lit-
tle above t!ie tops of the frames. To prevent
the ohalf from settling down to the lower side,
and from inilging the cushion in the ci^utre, it
must l)e taciced througli the middle with stout
thread, or small twine. We are inclined to
think these cushions will prove the most ef-
fective and convenient division boards ever
devised, for they will fit any hive even if
daubed wiih propolis, can he easily taken out
or moved, and they are soft and warm for the
bees. Ours are thick enough to occupy the
space of two combs, and for winter, six good L.
combs are sufficient for any colony. With
the honey in this uumloer tiiat is ordinarily
scattered through ten combs, there can be no
possible danger oi the bees getting over to one
side of their hives, while their honey is on the
other.

GETTING .\W.VY FROM TnEIK STORES ; REMi:DY.

This latter trouble we believe is es-
pecially characteristic of a ten frame L. hive.
The id( a that bees can not winter on sealed
honey, we believe is pretty generally exploded,
and that they die in wintering because they
have too nmcJi honey we believe most agree to
be more theory than practice. That the Ital-
ians frequently so fill the hive in the fall as to
prevent the (jueen from keeping up the popu-
lation, no one seriously doubts, but a good
colony of bees put on solid combs of sealed
honey about the time they cease gathering
will so far as we can learn, consume enough
to have a safe brood nest before severe freezing
weather, give us tlenty of bees, .\nd we

WILL take all the RISK OF TOO MUCH STORES. 1

It is quite likely that any ordinary hive
would winter very well by having the tv,'0
outs-ide combs (on each side) replaced with
tliese chaff cushions, and a good thick one
above. It has been several times suggested
that a thin cushion be put between the end of
the hive, and the end of the frames for winter,
making virtually a closed end irame, and this
may be done very readily, when we winter on
six combs. If the back and front of the hive
were made double thicKness and packed with
chaff, the foregoing w(juld make a pretty ef-
fectual protection. With suspended frames,
perhaps the most exposed point is the rabbets
wliere the frames rest, and we know of no ef-
fectual way of protecting these except having
the upper story longer than the lower. This
we accomplish nicely with our chaff hive,
.»Tid .«o t.'tr Ave have found them to work with

much less trouble than any other ; heavy
combs of honey are handled in the lowr sto
ries even with greater lacility than in the or-
dinary hive, for we can rest against the eaves
of the hive while raising and replacing them,
ami no upper story to lift ofl'and put back at
any season of tlu; year. The hints we have
given in regard to chaff packing, will apply
any time during the winter, and if it really
will check spring dwindling as seems the case
now, we can well attbrd to "tuck them up'"
even as late as April or May, if it has not been
done sooner.

DISTURliING ISEKS DURING COLD WEATHER.

Neighlwr Blakeslee does not put his bees in
the cellar until the first good fall of snow, for
j he loads them on his sled and draws it
; close to the cellar door. Well, our first snow
this year r-ame at a temperature 10 degrees
above zero. This he said was just right, for it
vvould keep the bees quiet. It didn't though,
for they boiled out at the entrances, and ob-
jected every way they could. We told him
how L. C. Root lets his thermometer down
through a hole in the floor to avoid disturl)ing
the bees, and asked if he did not fear to move
them when it was so cold, but he says he
kiwics it don't hurt them. What do our read-
ers say ?

HONEY THAT WON't CANDY.

Another strange feature ; you remember thr
hives that were piled up three or four stories
high ? Well, many of those heavy combs werc'
built on fdn., consequently they vvere very
nice comb honey for table use. Well, one or
our grocers had a pan full of broken honey
that he was selling for 25c., and we told him
we would furnish him all the broken honey In;
wished at 30c., and would give him a much
nicer article than any he thee had. As this is
clear honey and no sticks at all, it sells very
well among a certain class. Now what do
you think y The honey from these frames tha-
were in the hives perhaps a couple of months
after being capped over, does not candy at all,
even though left in a li(|uid state below a zero
temperature. It is so thick that a jar full may
be turned over without even ruflling the sur-
face when thus cold, and -yet it is like clear
gla?s. For table use it is ahead of any honey
we ever — the fact is, our regular diet at pres-
ent is a pitcher of ice cold milk, nice bread
and butler, and comb honey cut out of these
frames. Is it superior to that built in the sec-
tions? To be sure it is, for they were nearly
all removed from the hives as soon as tilled.
Are milk and honey wholesome V I walked o
miles to that mission Sabbath school and back
yesterday, and part of the way through snow
drifts and a snow storm, aye, and darkness
too, for the last two miles, yet my strength
failed not. I feel like being rash enough to
say I will never extract any more honey until
it has every bit of it been sealed ; and if keep-
ing it in the hive several week^ more will pre-
vent candying entirely, don't know but we
shall do that too.

HOUSE APIARIES ; VENTILATloX.

\ryth — With the heavy colonies we have now
in our house apiary, we tind the walls and
ceiling not only damp, but at times literally
dripping with water : in fact just as our out

7

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan.

door hives would be with a cap perfectly tight.
Of course there was uo other way but to cut a
liole through the ceiling; and since making
one a foot square, we lind quite a diiferent
state of things. Now while the room was
thus damp and wet, we found the chafl' cush-
ions and the bees under them, in as nice trim
as you please ; have not chafl* and straw some
rare propert.y of absorbing and alleviating the
effects of wet and dampness ':* Of course this
hole also reduces the temperature of the inside
considerably, but if the bees are well packed
in chaff, what does it mattery The house is
much warmer than out doors, even now, and
There can be no great amount of draft through
the entrances so long as the chaff covering is
close and suug.

AVe have had weather 10 below zero, but all
ihe bees under chaff, passed it as bright as
iloUars; one that had a very tighc cap over
them, shovt'ed frost and dampness above the
cushion. There must be ventilation, for
strong colonies.

SECTION

sjoxjEs AviTH €b:.osei> to I

JBARS, ETC,

'-•'B ivu-f.i iiOt) sectioh boxes iis follows : 5 iii. h!'-'h
by Ct in. lo'ng, tfie ends or iipvigMs to be 1 "a in.
wide, the top and bottom bars l;i in. wide : to
1)0 iTiads of 4 pieces. Don't like your box of (5 pieces they
jire too open, can't confine the heat so well. We expect
TO work our Iiives with two sets of boxes V. e. two teiis
"aigh, and did think of having half the boxes made Avith
the top bars Hi in. wide, same as the uprights, and set-
ting' them on top of the lower set. Then we would need
no quilt to cover openings with, and as the bees always
propolis the joints air tight, all we would have to do to
i-etain all the heat would be to place a thin board at the
sidts of the boxes. As for putting in the fdn. for guides,
that don't bother us in boxes of this kind. Think we
will try some fdn. cut }i in. wide and full length of box
inside ; to fasten in, we v^dll make a suiall shallow pan to
iiold melted wax, keep it hot and dip the edge of fdn. in
the hot wax ihen stick it to the top bar. We use pieces
:'.f comb that w;:y and have no trouble whatever.

Give us your price for boxes made our way, also what
you think of cur idea of using the top set with close fit-
ring top bars ; also if there srould be any difference in
price bdtweeti them and thosi with open tOp bars, and we
may yet conclude to have half of them made with the top
bars 1% in. wide. "We used them in that wiVy last Season,
(though but one set to each hive) arid I feiust sdy that I
tike thein so. ?7o trouble with qniits, bees getting out-
side of ciuilt and bo.xes etc. tstc; but when it comes to
using boxes two tier's h^j^h, there might be trouV)le ; say
in case w-3 Wanted tS) change them from top to bottom,
'.vhat then shoula wo do : But I think that is borrowitif;
■iro-.ihfc.

Oftr 'lives will not admit of our using any other sized
Viox. As we use a 12x12 in. .square brood frjimo, 2 'boxes
(rr in. long fill the space. We shall want 500 brood frames
(metal cornered) and the 1400 suniliis boxes before spring,
«s we wish to liave every thing ready for business before
the .season coirimences. In time of pc:ice ]jrepa,re for war.
J. M. BEooiiS & Bro.

P. a. Wo have cur i;0 colonies in the cellar, and can
iiily hope to have our u.wal success, losing xonb.

<L 31. E. & B. Columbus, 1n<l. Dec. Gth, 187«.

TVc too have had a strong "hankering" for
Woxcs with ;^ closed top that we might get rid
ni tlie quiUh, propoii», etc., and we will make
.•,ach at the .same price. Au examinatioa of

our new box, will wo think show that we
pretty nearly agree v.'ith Iriend B. and a mul-
titude of others, in regard to the coming wants.

BOOESTTIjE'S f^TS'fEM OF KAISINC^
COMB HONEY.

^ EST some of our friends should get an
f3J\ idea that Mr. D. does not favor houty ex-
tractors, we will remark before commencing
that he assumes that only about 3'3 as much
honey can be secured in the comb, as with the
extractor; aad if we recollect aright, he says
if he could be assured of 10c. as promptly as
he gets the cash for his honey in the section
boxes, he should think seriouslj^ of using the
extractor.

Mr. D. uses a frame— Gallup — ^just ll^^ by
113^^ outside dimensions. Top bar is 1 inch
by ,^j by Vd }'i ; side bars the same except in
length, bottom bar \\}^ by % by %. This
frame is all of basswood, and is nailed with 4
flnishiug nails only ; these nails are 1^4 inches,
and perhaps few besides friend D. could drive
them into ^^ ihch lumber their whole lengtli
witliout splitting: For a comb guide, a strip
of that nice yello\v wax is run exactly in the
middle of the underside of the top bar, by
means of a straight edge of wood on the plan
we have given so many times in Gleanings.
The hive that holds these frames, is something
like our old standard hive except that it is ex-
actly 2 feet long inside, instead of 38)4 inches.
This two feet of space would take perhaps li
frames if used for the extractor, but friend D.
like our neighbor Deau, gives his bees only so
many combs as they can cover, and not a
square inch more. In the honey season, the
queen is expected to have as many combs a?
she can All with brood, and this is gauged so
exactl.y, that it any honey is gathered., it must
be put in the boxes, aud not iu tile brood
combs. jFor an ordiuaril.y full colony, 9
frames are put in the centre of the hive ; this
would leave tli6 space of fdur frames on each
side. On each side of thtse brood combs, is
placed a K-i inch division boai'd witli -^ inch
Blots cut in it to allow the bees to go into the
side boxes. These side boxes are of course,
just like those on top, and the one we have
now in our hands, measures 5}-4 by 6^4 out-
side. The top and bottom bars, are exactly 5
inches long, by scant ^.^ by V;^. Uprights %
scant by 3inches, of course they are (S^i lo^S-
These thin uprights are nailed into the ends of
the tops and bottoms, with cigar box nails,
and as the latter are made of swamp elm, aud
tlie former of nice white basswood, we have
the strongest section box that perhaps has
ever been put in the market, for oue so light.
The tough ligitt springy basswood will allow
of the box bei)>g thrown on the floor, without
even starting the nails. If you have made a
box according to these directions, you will see
that the thinV.prights project beyond the tops
and bottoms, a little more than the thickness
of a light of glass. Suppose you cut a light of
glass TixO inches so th;vt it will jn.-it press in
between tlie uprights, aud vest on the top and
bottom {Tieces, lapping ou to them just %
their thickness it is evident that two glazier's
tins, will hold thi:.-; glas.s perfectly secure.
These tins avo triangniur % loug and % broad

!87^'

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

13

at the top. They are force<l in iK)int (irst, % in.
.Tom outside edge of each of the hard wood
pieces, until they project only 1-4 ofau iuch ;
when the glass is dropped between these, and
5)etweeu the uprights, we have only to bend
the tins over on to it with the thumb nail, to
make it a fixture. As tliese tins will lx;nd a
great many times without breaking wc can re-
•aiove an^' glass in a twinkling ; and now
<;omes the Ix-autiful foatnre of the Doolittle
box, or as he insists on our calling it, the
Betsinger box, for it really is the invention of
■our excellent friend Mr. N. N. Betsinger, Mar-
■eellus, N. Y. Mr. Betsinger we "doff our hat"
—by the way will not all our readers do the
>ame while we thank friend B. for tiic service
lie has done us in inventing such a very in-
genious box, and for so very liberally tender-
■Jiig it as a free gift to his fellow bee-keepers.
Now for the beautiful feature; the box is
made, the tins put in, but not the glass, and
as the tios would be in the way in placing
them on the hive, they are to be bent down
lilat, as fast as they are inserted. Now if
iwo boxes *re placed side by side on the
hive we shall have a space for the bees to go
in, just twice the thickness of a light of
.'jrlass, which is found to be all that is needed;
and we telieve so small that the queen aev-
•:'r gets into them, and yet when the glass is in-
serted after they are filled, everything is closed
up and we have no occasion to fuss with
pasting something over the holes where the
bees went in, as with most glass boxes. Of

■ tourse these boxes can be sold without being
glassed, if one chooses ; and for a home mark-
et, this will doubtless be the way, but for a

■ "ity trad'e (and Mr. D. says he can get more
ior his crop by the ton, than his neighboi-s
would pay him at retail,) without doubt it
should be glassed, and to have the honey
':'uilt true enough to glass without trouble,
we must use the tin separators.

Before describing the manner in which the
••■ieparators and the cases that hold the boxes
are used, we will mention that we were some-
what inclined to cjuarrel with our friend be-
cause he does not utilize all the space inside
of his hive. For instance, his hive inside is
just 1 foot, but two boxes placed side by side
are only 10}.i' inches. The depth of his hive is
also 1 foot, and the height of two boxes one
above the other, is cases and all, 14 inches;
the top ijoxes, rise 10 inches above the bottom
?»oard, giving us an unoccupied space of 5 in-
ches above the side boxes on both sides of the
hive. As friend D. says this is exactly as he
wants it, perhaps we had better describe it as
it is and keep still. A case is made to con-
tain just two boxes, but they can l)e made to
hold 3 with the Langstrotti hive. The case is
used to hold the separator, to keep the bees

■ rom soiling the outside of the boxes with pro-
polis and to close the top opening that no
>(uilt or strips need be used. It is made of
basswood, tops and Vjottoms are both exactly
of the width of uprights of the boxes, but are
"-1(5 thick. Top bar is 12'.; inches long and
bottom 11 ^^' long; this leaves a projection on
the top bar of a little more than }^ of an inch,
that allows it to be suspended like a frame,
when used to hold side storing boxes. The
bottom strips are cut down in the centre to

the width of the bottom of the sections, to al-
low the bees to pass in. The ends of these
cases arc of the same width as top and lx)ttom,
and are made ^^ i"*^^ c the length is such that
the i)oxes just slip in closely. The .tin ."iepar-
ators are tacked to these uprigfits, and are 5
inches wide; these are put on so as to leave
just equal spaces above and below the tin, and
it were well to remember that in all arrange-
ments wit!i separators, the bets are liable to
make bulges in the comb, where a space
of much more than ^ inch is left. Wheu
a separator is tacked to one side of each case,
and the cases are placed side by side, close up,
we have each comb built between two tins,
and necessarily straight. Next month we
will tell you how thej'^ are placed in and on
the hi.ves.

DROITEIS AND DRONE COMIB ; HOW TO
GET AN ABUNDANCE OF.

E havo been having a great storm of wind and
snow ; the mercury went below zero last Fri-
day niglit, and it lias been nearly as cold ever
sinc'3. It tb now S o'clock In the evening, and I have
just been out looking at a swarm of bees packed in
chaff, and found them all right. They came up and
took a look at the light, but did not try to fly. 1 am
trying five, 2 without packing and three with,— but
they all have thick pillows of chaff over them. They
have plenty of snow around the hive ; I have wintered
bees under the snow several winters ; they get along
well enough till' into Feb., and generally get through,
but towards spring, as the snow begins to thaw and
frecKC, making ice (a good conductor of heat), it keeps
a steady chili on them which is worse than a short
cold snap. I have been looking at an essay written
by Dr. Rush on wintering bees. He tells us about ar-
artificial swarming, and says In substance, when your
queens are hatched, take frames of mature brood from
each of 5 different hives, put them in a hive and give
them a queen, and in place ',o( the frames taken out
put empty comb if you have it ; if not, put in empty
frames. Now we want to tell a little of our experience
in that line. Some 8 or 9 years ago we were lying
awake nights studying on the bee business, and with
the rest we got the idea into our head (this was in
early spring) that there could be a big thing done in
artificial swarming. We had it (in theory) surely ; it
would work without a doubt. We built some very ex-
feensive castles on it, between that and swarming time,
and when the time came round all right and the bees
were strong and had lots of brood just right, we went
round to a number of swarms and took a Irame of
brood from each, put them all together in a hive, and
gave them a queen cell ; we also put empty frames in-
to the old hives from which we took the brood. The
young swarms (for we made a number) came on in
time and did well ; but the old ones, what did they do ?
They built the empty frames, every one full of drone
comb, and filled it with drones. Our theory was
smashed, and our castles fell, never to rise again on
that subject, and we hi*ve never been able to get
strong swarms to build worker comb in any of the
middle frames before swarming time; not even the
blacks, as good comb builders as they are. Now I
have seen this advice given through the bee papers by
a number of extensive bee-keepers (said to be), and
Mrs. Tuppcr I think gave the same.

I should like to have you ask the bee-keepers of the.
country what their erperience (not their theories) is in
reference to the matter. If there is a kind of bee that
will build worker comb every time we lausthuut them
up. B. Stanhope, Pentwater, Mich., Dec. 11, '7t».

u

G^LEAFING'S IN BEE: CTJmUEE.

Jan.

0

'5^

m.i

f'tt

PwMisli'ed MoMtlily,

EDITOR AKD PBOPRIETOR

EDINA, OHIO.

• [Irtcludinn Fostage.1

For Club Bates mc Lad Page.

And afl he thnft spake for him&elf, Festns said with a
Jourl voice, Fan'., thou art beside thysell'; much lea.vn-
itig <Ioth iTiake thei mad. But be saibd. I am not mad,
most noble F'estus; but speak Corth the ',vorf|& of
I'Tuth and soberness.— Acts, "G ; 21, 25.

STA3IFS of any dfiiiomfnation, and in any amount,
are always just as good fo us as money.

DooliTTlfi Itiiiks a f^ood colony will commence rearing
Itroodi by Christmai?, but HlII puts it at Pelnnary. "We
rtro inclined to agree Willi the laUer. altTiough winters
like last, they may rear brood nearly all winter,

0^'i; or two of our friends seem perplexed t)ecause
Gleaniitos has been advertised by agents at 75 cents.
'Phey 01' anyone else certainly have a right to do this if
they wish, for we send it fof 60 cents to anyone who sends
10 names. One friend feared Gleanings was sold ont:
never fear, money can not buy Gleanings, so long as we
are spared to administer to the wants of our little flock.

Mastek Eusest w;m to have 2r'S. each for s,awing ont
the sci'oU work on the front of the Lawfi Hive. By tack-
ing three boards together, he sawed the whole lot— >idoz'
—in about an houj* and a h'^lf. Pretty fair wages for a
boy of 14— Si .00 per hour. Like prices can be made in
making very much of the ornamental work used in build-
ing, on those pretty scroll savvs for boys. The one be
uses, is the Velocipede Scroll Saw, price §15.00. We can
furnish them all ready for work at that, price. Circidar
with ciiis, on ap)>licatim.

A queen maij lay 3i)00 egg.s in a day, liut we think they
.seldom do. Again, we believe less than half the eggs the
<iueen does lay, ever produce bees, in llis height of the
season Wiieu everything is all rifJ'ht, most of the egg.s are
allowed u> mature, but close observers, decide we think,
that such is the c jse during a very small p.irt of the year.
We think Doolittle correct, in theory, when he estimates
■.JTO.OOO bees raised in 3 months, but alas for the actual
count when reduced to practice. Would it lake off about
one 0 ?

.— o^- «^«— .<Bs-.

To attempt to use a buzz sav/ that is in poor order, es-
pecially on lumbei' that is not well seasoned is one of the
most aggravating tilings Vve kuuw of, but with a saw in
nice order, and nice seasoned lumber, we know of no
pleasanter work in the world. When you can saw strips
2 inches wide, .'i8 inches long and only )i inch thick, so
accurately that you can discover no spot where the j)iece
ia of greater or less thickness, you can think you are get-
ting aions pretty well. As help in getting your saw in
just the j, riper trim, we i\iio\v of nothing e(|ual to the
little pamphlet we advertise in our book list for 10 cents.
It is from Disston, the great saw maker, and hits tlio
important points ni using saws in such a quaint good
inimorud way, that it is pleasant to read, even if one is
not in the business. We can furnish these superior saws
at factory prices, :!nd will send all less than a foot in di-
ameter, 1-cry ch>T>.nly by mail. See price list.

Bk cavet'nl how youaendor order Jobe sent, article-
of little value by express, Tb-daty a j>ac!s.ag8 w;>j=-
handf"! u>^ witli svcf a dolla? charges o&it, that is not
Worth 25 ceatB. It wtvs SOP eaii: bars to fraraes tha:-
wero seat to r.- fmstoaier by mistake. We retiwne<i
him the prsjx.T ano^s by saall, at on ejyjens-e. of oaly it-
ceii.ts,

Ix HvakJTijj .Siiwplicity hives, be very c^rsful ta bavi-
thcn> esactly alike ; it vt very easy t© talk abou:-,
and to make- ^c-ort Eesolotiona, but- like ous efibrte in
forming a jxirleeS chas.actcy, als^-, 1«41. of imperfwc--
tion& after ail. Maba owe bt-.ve first, fvnd >f that is not
exactly as yon- want is, make owe raore, ant^ so on un-
til yov. are suited; then ?ry "-vvitb all yoiir KMgbt" tu
fo!k>v.' your pattern eriastVy. Re»ieinber we wis-h any
covey to fro on ov under jvny hive and St exactly: we
also want every hive in a thousand to exactly ftt o-ver
every other on ». During the swarming sjeaooti, rea-
sona will s^;cur for making it very cc'n7cn3ent Uv
change tbera alx>ut in ways innuraejable that vol;
have HO idea of. If yoi7 wjisb to make tbe bottom u
fixture, yoii can nail o? screw ft on vei-y readily, ar.i;
M'yo« want svjch an entrance as friend Hill advises,
lx>re a bolo in the front end. Tliere is sueb a grea!:
diversity of opinioK in these raatteys that we leavf-
thc pnrcha.^ver to fasten the bottoms boards, eti'., or
not, M be chooses.

' .^FOUNDATION,

Deati Novice : I srm glad to report favorably o?
the comb foundations. I am more strongly than evcv
of my }jrst opinion, tltat genjiine beeswax is the t)es;
material, and I never want any more paiTaftne. Tlu
last lot being of pure wax -was eminently satisfactor.-.
If nothing happens you may expect my order next
season for at least 100 lbs., and I shall want it thick and
yelloiv. Whoever linds his bees will not accept ar,i\
use for storing os breeding- fdn. that bs thick, has bees
difl'erent from TOiiic. There is to-day somewhere in
one of my 100 hives a com I) made from a sheet of wax
one-fonrth of an inch thick, and it has been in nse :?
or 4 3-ear!-:.. Another thick sheet of wax kad one si d:
workfcd liy the beea and tlie other untouched, amt
these two cases lead rac to think that a sh( et an incb
thick might as readily be accepted by the bees. I hatl
some nice .surplus clover honey from yellow fVln. run
ning less than four feet to the pound, and the comb
was quite light colored. IJ. Lo.vdekkk. Dec. fl, '7('..

«!!>*. i»»<Os»

STRAI«MT COirrBS, AS.ff. AKOIT'IT E$OW

^fp§4 OES every "fool" that kecp.^ a few s\varm,s of be,-s
write you about what woaderfnl things he, shi .
they or it, .arc doing ? If so, and you Y-ead thevij
all, I pity you and will suggest that you secure a placi-
in some convenient lunatic asylum to retire to wbei?
it becomes necessary.

Last season 1 wintered three stands of black ugly
bees out doors, they opened up finely in the sf>riifig
and increased to seven that i know of. 1 took alionr
one cwt. honey. I have no extractor and never saw
one. This winter I have put the bees into the hen-
house to winter. Now 1 wsnt you to lake the lime to
write me how I can manage to make my l>ee8 l.MiiM
straight on their frames ; Ihey insist ui)on builfliiif.":
any v/ay but straight. Now don't refer me to (Jr.KAN-
ings tor I h;'.ve carcfnily read all 1 have and nothing
tells me how to do this. I am willing to acknowledge
ray ignorance and want you to come out and tell me
just how to do it. G. M. Wing.

Manistee, Midi., Doc. 14th, 1S7G.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

15

Tut! tut! friend W., we shall not go craz}'
at all, for our bees aud bee letters arc the food
■\ve live on. Wc lament every day that we can
not write lona: friendly letters in reply, but we
suppose our friends give us credit for doing
the best we can.

To get straight combs, have your hive so
small, or your swarm so large, that the bees
All it, and if 1>hat don't do, raise the hive in
sucli a way that one end of the combs is high-
er than the other, the hive being level. If that
don't do, make them build every comb between
two straight ones — if you have none borrow
some of friend Ellis ; we saw some at his
house — if that don't do, take the combs out
and push them straight, as fast as they build
them crooked. If that don't do, fill the frames
with fdn. ; if that don't do, come and make us
a visit and see whether we are either crazy or
have crooked combs.

P. 8. If that don't — we really believe, now
come to think of it, the whole trouble is be-
cause you winter them ia the chicken house,
and after sucli an indignity how could you
expect them to do anything mathematical.

SIMPtiBCirY BEE HI\'ES: HOW TO
MAKE.

HT may be laid down as a general rule, that
J people know what they want, aud if in-
stead of arguing in regard to the respective
merits of comb and extracted honey, fdn. and
no fdn., long hives and two story hives, etc.,
etc., we should carefully observe that people
are buying, perhaps we should get much near-
er the truth as to what i.s really wauied.
Speaking of the fdn. reminds us that we have
right here in Dec, with the mercury away
down in the zeros, filled the two following
orders, besides a lot of smaller ones. To E. M.
Hayhurst, Kansas City, Mo., 200 lbs, and to
C. D. Wright, Baxter Springs, Kansas, 50 lbs.
both were fur yellow, and the former express-
ly stated the fdn., was to be from 5 to 0 sq, ft.
to the lb.

Now through all our experiments on hives,
the great mass of our orders have been for the
Simplicities, and we have just determined that
if the people are determined to have these, we
Will by all means furnish them, and we hope
this season to give some of a little nicer work-
manship than any sent out heretofore. By the
way, we are so well satisfied that thin hives
was a mistake, that v.'e will upon application
send to all who are dissatisfied with them, a
good Simplicity in place of all the hoop hives
we sent out last season. This of course re-
fers only to the hive, for the frames and in-
side work, will work readily in either. We
find no troubii; in wintering, br.t the bees fail
to store honey next to the side oT tlie hive, as
thev do in hives of incli lumbtr.

We will describe the L. hive, but those for
any of the other frames are made in a similar
way. An L. frame is 9Jg deep, and we want^g
under the frame, bgtween it and the bottom
board ; therefore, the distance of fi-ames from
cenrro to centre, when worked one above the
otli'.T, must not vary very much from Q\< in.
Neirlect of this very important point,' causes
combs lo bo built between the upper and low-
er frames, or allows bees to be pinched or
crashed when the space is too small. This set-

tles the question then, that the depth of each
single story, not taking the cover into account,
shall be exactly 0'.,' inches. This estimate is
based on having the hive reach up just level
with the tops of the frames, and no more, for
if we leave any space above, it will, in addition
to the ~3 below, make so much as to have the
disagreeable comb building between them.
Last season wc decided on a hoop for this pur-
po.se, but we have now a far simpler way, as
shown in the diagram.

The suspended frame containing 8 section
boxes, as described on another page, will need
no explanation. The pieces A, A, are of course
the front and back that hold the rabbets. B, B,
are 3 inch strips sawed from the 4 sides of the
hive, to go under the cover which is shown at
C, the cover and bottom board being one and
the same thing. If we saw the cover clear ofl'
on a bevel as sharp as a square mitre — like
that in the corners of picture frames — the sharp
edge of the cover and bottom of the hive would
be easily injured ; besides when much weight
is put on them they would be likely to open at
the joints ; to remedy this we will saw in
square about ^q of an inch aud then saw
in on a bevel from F, to meet this ; the space
taken out by the saw, will give sufiicient play
to allow the cover to go on easily and yet res?-
firmly on the shoulders. The bottom of the
hive is beveled iu the same waj', and as thi:
shoulder at E, is level with the tops of the
frames, it is plain that we have the same space
beneath the frames when one hive is jilaced on
another, as when it rests on the bottom board.
The bottom board — or cover, for they arc one
and the same thing, — has a rabbet cut /gx^
all around the upper edge, to keep the hive
from sliding about on it when moved. Now
to make the entrance we wish to slide it for-
ward, aud that we may do this, we make the
rabbet across one end of the cover, J^'^^s as
seen at G ; this will allow of enlarging to a %
entrance the whole width of the hive. When
this is too wide, contract it with the sawdust
that should always be spread about the en-
trance. The hives that filled 4 stories lasr
season, had entrances of this description. The-
underside of the cover is rabbeted as shown,
to allow of being securely cross nailed to th<'
strips B, B.

We have as yet said nothing in regard to
the way in which the hive is to be put
together ; but to make a clean nice job, the
corners should be made on a mitre. By ar-
ranging a temporary table top to your buzx
feaw, this can be done quite expeditiously, but
such a joint is ratlier hard to nail unless we
provide especially for it. As we advise all %
lumber, wc want the hive just 16x2034, out-

w

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan.

side measure, and the latter is most especially
important or our frames will not have just the
right amount of play and not pinch. There-
fore we will have on our nailing bench, two
very stout uprights just 20)4 inches apart, and
place the end boards between these to nail.
Use long slim nails, and cross nail.

A Vt'ord about the frame of flections; 7 of
these juat fill one story, and they All it rather
too full for conveniently getting out the first
one. At present I know no better way than
putting in 0 only, and one metal cornered
frame to fill out the space. This will lift out
nicely, and then all the rest will come out
nicely too. If this is not sections enough, just
put two frames of them in the lower story, "one
at each side, and the brood in the middle, and
we have the nicest and most convenient side
storing hive, with G4 sections. Now about
using the tin separators ; I really do not know
whether it is best or not, aud therefore, we
shall send one frame with the tin strips, with
each hive. Use the very thinnest and cheap-
est kind of tin that can possibly be procured,
;tnd cut it into pieces Si^ wide, by 17^y. Tack
these to the frame that holds the sections, two
strips to each frame. The tins are tacked to
the uprights, so as to leave a space of ^4 of an
inch between them just over the centre of the
frame, where the upper aud lower tiers of sec-
tions meet.

Pertaining to Bee Ciiltiii'

i^W'ixi'dl^e'S

[We respectfully solicit the aid of our friends in
conducting this department, aud would consider it
;i favor to have them send us all circulars that have
a deceptive apiiearance. The greatest care will be at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being done
any^qne.]

ri^f/fE are sorry to say we find the Norris

'JjXJj spoken of on page 304, Dec. No., oue of
the worst kind of swindlers. We hope the
barrel of honey he obtained of friend Gardner
may be his last operation in this direction. Be
very careful about sending honey to uuknov/n
parties. The fact that they have advertise-
ments in many of our periodicals is no evi-
dence at all— we are sorry to say — that they
are to be trusted. If you are in doubt, drop
us a postal and we will always answer such
Inquiries promptly. The following we clip
from the Springfield, O., Chimpion City:

JOHN T. NORllIS. THE CHAMPION CONFIDENCE MAN.

The above gentleman (?) is an institution of which
.Springlield is not proud, and all its efforts of publication
at homo and abroad, as well as the efforts of the Ohio
Ijopislature to frame laws that would meet his case, and
save the country from his inlnmous swindles, have been
I if little avail. We had iioped that his short term in tlie
I'eiiiicntiary would have been a lesson, but John is at his
(lid tricks jignin, and invoices of floods and maiuifactured
.irtidos, merchandi/e, wines, lumber, etc., etc., are con-
stantly arriving- and fall into his chitches before the ship-
per can be apprized of his true character. We ask every
reader of this nolifse to pass him round.

I see in your last No. tliat a bee-keeper in Michigan
has shipped a barrel ol" lioney to John T. Norris, of
Springfield, O. John T. Norris is an out and out
swindler; in fact I do not Imow that ho follows any
i.ther Dusiness. Jacob ITj.ickv.

Northampton, Ohio, l^cc. -Isi, ih7G,

Please write if Mr. John Long has quit selling comb
foundation, or is he dead? I sent him .$10 Feu. 2ist;
he received it for I have tlie receipt ; I have written
two letters since. (J. P. Kaufbman.

St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 16, 1876.

When we first accepted Mr. Long's adver-
tisement he was doing business squarely, and
we have for some time hoped he would "come
to life" and make matters straight. This is
the third complaint of the kind we have had
against him. If he is going to make "ceresin"
fdn. this season, we suggest that he commence
by becoming honest.

NUCt,EI, HOtV TO WINTER.

YjfjN Nov. Gleanings you ask how I prepared those
J?|| nuclei to winter thus, and how they were kept.
— ' As they had no preparation save that of simply
removing; the roofs and covering the little hives, each
with an additional quilt, I attribute my success to
tlie nature of the place in which they were kept. En-
tirely for the sake of experimenting on this question
of wintering, several years ago, in one corner of my
cellar, I erected a frame work of "two by four" studs,
ujion which t tightly ceiled with matched lumber, so
as to enclose a space exactly six feet square. I also
"sheeteil" upon the outside of tlie studs, with lumber.
I then filled the enclosed 4 inch siiace on all sides
with dry eanh, covered the to)) with the same to the
depth of four inches, and caused the door to be fitted
very tiglitly. In short. I constructed a small cellar
within a cellar. By taking advantage of the heat of
the stoves above, I have secured (lood vetitilalion tor
it. I have a thermometer so inserted in the door that
I can watch the inside temperature without admitting
a ray of light. All tlie nuclei and small swarms, how-
ever small, that I have ever ))laced there, liave come
through the winter all right. All the ttrong swarms
I have tried liave been uneasy from the first, and if
long retained have become diseased (dysentery), and
had to be removed.

I fully believe that 1 <'oulil winter a pint of oees on
three small combs suspended from the ceiling in the
place. I say three combs, so that they could aid them-
selves in avoiding or seeking the slight draft of venti-
lation, by clustering on the middle comb or otherwise.

I have spent much time in watching temperatures
in connection with this subject of wintering, but I
liave not the time now, at my command, to give a his-
tory of it. I will simply state that my "experimenta-
tion" has tended to confirm Mr. Quinbj's theory of
wintering. G. E. Cokkin, M. D.

St. Johns, Mich., Nov. 17, 187G.

On page 276, ^ ol. IV, you ask friend G'orbin to tell
you how he prepared his bees to winter on 4 lull sized
Gallup traiiies. I do not know how li.c, does it but will
tell you my way. I have o queen raising hives which
1 divide into 0 compartments ; giving t frames 12x12 in
each end comi)artment and 3 frames, each 12x12, in th3
four interior comi)artmcnls. All the change for win-
tering is to remove the honey board and substitute a
box with cloth bottom, fitted with loose cotton as an
absorbent o; moisture. I winter these ." hives in my
collar, setting them out for a fiight if the weather is
favorable, perhaps 3 times from 1st of Dei\ to 1st of
March. In this way I liave IS surplus tested queens
ready to make gojd any losses that I may have in my
full stocks, and have no more trouble about safely
wintering these on 3 Irames than in the full sized
liive. Of course it i.s jiccessary to liave plenty of bees
in each one, and honey. S.

1877

GLlLAKlKOS IN BEE CULTURE.

17

From Different FieJds.

DISCARDED HIVES, WHAT TO DO WITH 'Ell.

•■jijf' HAVE 17 Statulai'd luvcs, which I do nt)* want— pre-
S(l .{GiMing LaRgsti-oth^s,— and I would like to exchange

' with you for sosne of ycur !?ood«. Yoii may have
tlieiu at your own price. They are well mmlc witii two
coats of white paint. There are also about 100 metal
cornered frames. Kaoh hive Ssas divi.-iic.n J>onrd. K you
<«niK)t take lliein, let me know the price of adTCrtsse-
ine«t. i Slave two in use, and next spring siiali transfer
1 he bees into Langstroth hives. Have 30 colonies i« L.
and two in Statidard. Knew nothing wbaiever about
iw-es, until I commenced reading CfeEAUiNGS. Got $150.
U-o-M honey sales, and hope to quadruple it next year.

Edwin Plowkav, l^iwuing, I!L Dee. Glli, 1S75.

\Ve give tJie above because it points out a
inov.al, and the moral is, te very canifiil about
^iiiaking up a lot of hives or somethii]s»; else,
tuat you «oon may have no iis^j for. Thous-
-ands of dolla'rs v^'cre probably wasted in ma-
king long hives because Gallup and Adair
recommehded them; and now we are once
5^ioi-e going back to the Langstroth frame, and
<i?pper stories. It is well enough tf> try a few
■of these new things, but w« should adopt them
cautiously. We should be glad to advertise
such goods were we not afraid it would do
but little good, for the impetus in favor of
corab honey, makes it probable that the hives
would pay little more thaji the expense of
shipping. Can't you take them apart friend
P. and snake them over.

FROM OUE (vEEMAN COREESPOJfDJGNl.

"itEAE GLEANINGS :— The honey harvest in Ger-
many for the season iS76 has not been as u:ood as the
rear before. Our bees wintered very weli, aiouals wo are
wintering our little pets only on their smnuicr stands,
.nid mostly -without any other protection than our
ii-.ic-k walled straw hives (see GtBANiNtJS No. 11 page
-li", "The latest an<l best hives in Germanif"). The
house apiaries and our bee yards are enc?osc<l within a
high fence. We had strong colonies in the spring, and
ill some sections of our country the yield was at that
t ime a g'ood one. But rainy days and cool weather set
:!i, and lasted till June, only allowing the bees to fly oc-
'.■.isionally. In the swarming season (in Germany the
-.jioiith of June) we had nevertheless swarms in abund-
(uce, and some of our bee-keepers got by emplojing the
'^xtvactor, some surplus honey. However, the total lack
of rain in July and August was not favorable for a good
lionej crop. In the province of Hanover, where from
the iast of Jure tii'l the last of Septeui!>er, hundreds of
thousands oT stocks are gathered, the honey harvest from
( lie wide spread fields of buckwheat and heath ( Erica
fu(lgaris) was of no importance. In the ?jcginning of
August the bees worked daily only a couple of hours in
tlie morning on buckwheat, and in the lin.t week in
September on the beMh. 51any bees were lost through
'\\v voracity of the "Bee Well" an insect somewhat like
ilie wasp, which catches the bees in the air and kills
^'riem. Thus the year proved to be not so favonible as we
V. ished. 0. J. H. GuAVf^nionsT.

Urunswick, Germany.

iiow do yov. cab-h and hold the ciueen whe'i you. would
I'lip her wingw?

We don't catch her. Ciip her wing as she

walks on the combs. With a little practice
this can be done very easily with sharp slen-
der pointed scissors,

Vrill « tin milk can answer for stering honey through ■
the season f

A tin milk can will answer every purpose.
Have a gate to draw off the honey below, if
you wish it handy, and when it gets candied
you can readily cut it out from above.

SWAUMING I'KVKK, HOW i'O TELI, IT.

How can I tell when bees have the '"swarming fever"
before the sssue of a swarm ?

When bees stop comb building, or work
very slowly when other stocks are doing well,
we presume they are contemplating swarming ;
also, when clustered out on the hive idling
away their time, we think it l>?st to get them
"going" in some way. Will others tell P. how
to tell when they are gokig to swarm.

I should like to know what improvem-ent the Isham pa-
tent covers? His circular does not tell. I have been
making similar bo.xes (to all appearance) for years, with
till corners, and wood corners, and with glass sunk into
grooves. I don"t care tu pin-chase a "right"' to make, with-
without knowing whether the Isham boy. is an improve-
ment upon my own.

We can only repeat the advice we have giv-
en so many times ; make any hive or honey
box you please and pay no attention whatever
to patents.

GUIDE Combs, now to fasten'.

How will this do ?— take a thick piece of iron (that
will hold heat) having a thin str;iight edge 4 or .5 inches
long, heat the iron hot, dip the edge into melted wax,
shake off any loose drops and set it upon the middle of
the nprighfs of the section boxes. Would this, with
good st*ters, help to secure straight combs. Two such-
irons would be necessary — use one, while heating the
•other. P.

The irons will leave wax enough to insure
straight combs, but the bees will be much
slower in accepting them, than if tiiey had a
piece of fdn. or natural corab. We doubt the
utility of putting any guides on the uprights.
Our new plan of fastening fdn., given in this
No. will doubtless supersede all melted wax.

Will you iiifonn me whether you manufacture any
hive that receives boxes on the sides ? If you do,
please state the price per hive and cost of right to use
same. Also whose patent. J. B. Woodward.

Boston, Erie Co., N. Y., Nov. 27ih, 1870.

We can arrange any of our hives for side
boxes, without any additional expense ; and
we should as soon think of paying for a right
to the air we breathe, as for the privilege of so
doing. Why can our friends not understand
that the day of patent hives is past and gone ?

Thermometer 68^ in the shade on the north side of
the house. Had no rain yet, bees quiet. Bringing in
a little pollen— they do that most of the winter. Bee
men lying on their oars. E. E. Shattuck.

Los Angeles, Cal., Nov. 2l8t, '76.

Please state whether the wild sun-flower is a good bee
plant ? E. G. Thompso , Kingsville, Mo.

Like many other plants, it sometimes seems
to contain nothing to attract the bees, and
again will afford large crops of honey. Also
in some localities it seems to afford much more
honey tlian in others. Bear in mind that wo
must have acres of any plant, not little patch-
es, to give us ti bountiful honey harvest.

18

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan.

I have taken Gleanings for some monlhs, and have
written to you several times, but have never said any-
thing about bees. The eaiise is just this, I can't get my
bees to give 100 or 12.") lbs. to the stand and then make
two or three swarms by dividing. I don't use the ex-
tractor but that «^in"t l>e the trouble for some of onr
friends get more than that amount in caps, or they say so
at least, and I don't think I haie any right to doubt it.

I cxinfess that 1 have been a little selfish, for I raise my
own qiieens, make the hives and caps, transfer and di-
vide, and then winter with less expense than most of you
do ; havn't lost a stand for two years. I am 28 years old,
have been in the bee business eight years, and have lost in
all six stands. I have transferred for my neighbors 110
stands, and three of that number have died, or it is so
stated. But I did as you do sometimes, refunded the
money, at the same time satisfied that they had let them
starve, tor they had very little honey, 1 have 50 stands
all in the L. hive. On these I use a five, and 4 se\ en lb.
caps ; my experience has led me to believe a strong stand
will fill the seven caps as quickly as they would two or
three : particularly if the weather is very warm. Have
been working my bees for honey, don't let them swarm
when it can be avoided, and all I can do they never aver-
age over thirty lbs. However they are all in excellent
condition ; I don't think the lightest \vill come under
thirty lbs. of honey, and that principally blue thistle.
Nest year I propose working for increase, and seeing how
the profits will compare with these of the last two
years. 1 think tSiey can be sold as low as S5.00 and not
be losing anything. The smoker works very nicely but
does not burn as long as 1 would like it at times. A
little more information if not too much trouble. Mr. S.
I>. B. says he has a patent on a hive that I am much
pleased with, and he wants me to buy a coimty right.
Now if there is no patent on the hive, I don't propose to
pay Mr. B. for it. Before I heard of tliis hive, I made a
model of a hive snnilar to it and would have applied for a
pat«nt, but heard of this and wrote to Mr. B.

E. T. HuYETT, Wadesville, Va. Nov. 37th, 1870.

100 LBS. TO the; coloky, how to get.
Perhaps it would be a hard matter to tell
just how to get 100 lbs. of comb houey from a
colouy, but our reader.s nearly all succeed io
doing it sooner or later. The season must be
just right, the colony just right, and the prop-
er amount of room and attention given, just
right. We were at first inclined to think it
possible only in certain localities, but as we
have done it with two colonies this season,
and without giving them the care they should
have had either, and as one after .-mother sends
in such a report or a greatei-, we are inclined
to think it may bo done almost any where.
Keep on with your work and study the .sub-
ject, but do not for any thing think* of buying
a county right. We shouUi feel that we' had
been remiss in keeping onr readers posted, if
vve should hear of one of them investing in
rights. The triangular frame is old as the
hills, and you can make any thing in the shape
of a bee hive you wish, without any fear of
consequences.

SWARMING, HOW TO PflEVEKX.

i/o?" can swarming be preventetlP If a pcrsoji wants
HO fitrtlio;- increase, what is the best course to /»revejit it P
aan it be done in frame hives? Bees iu this loeahty have
done but litlle this season in boxes. 1). W. l''i,KTOifEE,
};aivsing\ ille. N. Y. Oct. .3d. ls7(!.

With the extractor, you can prevent swarm-
ing a'.mosl invariably, jtnd with little trouljlc. '

If you wish box honey exclusively, you can
during a favorable season, by giving abundasir.
room, large starters that hare been built out
ready for honey the previous season, cool well
shaded hives, etc., prevent first swarming ii:
perhaps the majority of cases, and by removing':
all the cells bat one, second swarming in near-
ly every case for the time being, but yon will
have to be prepared for many exceptions.
Keep them from swarming if you can, but jf
yoQ can not, try to control them after they
have swarmed. Almost any one would con-
sent to have swarms if the new and old stock
would produce more honey than the old oik
alone, and such is very often the case. If w<.
are not mistaken, Mr. Doolittle thinks the lat-
ter will be the rale in the majority of cases.
Of course in that case we must sell each year
down to the unmbcr we desire to keep.

Guided by Gi^kanings 1 have passed throi^gh irt\
first bee-keeping; year with enough of success to iU
least cnooBrage me to jjcrsevere. This has been a
fine year for honey, and had I been an expert in the
beginning of the season, I could have Bccured an
abundance ot honey, for home consumption, ajzy hoiv.
As it is, I hare from a half dozen colonies in Feb. in-
creased to 30 of Italians, mostly pure, with an average
of 40 lbs. sealed honey in each hive. I am told by
friend Slandet'er-- a former correspond ant of yours —
that 5 or 10 lbs. will winter a colony here, so when 5
get the extractor 1 may get out a supply for the "ba-
bies" vet. We have a good bee country at this poin:
and 5 miles from where I live there is a river (Pearl)
whose swamp furnishes a pasturage which is simply
immense, with not a bee-keeper to reap the advanta-
ges thereof. Yon may ask '"Why don't 2/o« do so?"
Simply because there is no market for the honey
short of the Western cities. If honey is offered at.
any thing like the prices yon get, the price of molasses
is quoted to you and that is made the standard of val-
ue, say 50 or 6()c per gallon. If I could get 9 or 10c per
11). for extracted honej' at wholesale I would not fear
to compaxe bal.Tnee sheets with my neighbors who
are planting cotton. I use a Simplicity hive to hold
10 frames {).!4x 14 ;.< inches, outside dimensions. I sus-
pend the frame b}' means of screw eiies \H inch long,
which are very convenient. My hives are exactly
square inside so that 1 can place the frames cross-
wise in the second story thus doing away with the
awkward space between upper and lower frames.

I enclose a circular of a recently patented hive.
What do vou think of it ? li. Thomson.

Terry, Miss., Nov. fith, 1S7(>.

HONEY, ]fOvV TO SELL AT GOOD PRICES.

We think you are certainly doing your lo-
cality an injustice friend T„ and feel sure that
if you will show your neighbors some nice
samples of both comb and extracted honey,
you can not fail to build up a market at good
prices. Your people certainly buy candies and
confectionery ? Well, in that case thej'^ pay
from 40c to $1,00 per lb. for sweets, and why
not use molasses in place of these '^ If your
honey is all dark, it may be diflicult ; but we
think this can not be the case, for we have had
some very line samples from your vicinity.

We shall have to keep saying over and over,
have nothing to do with a hive or man, so
soon as you find there are riiihts for sale.
Rest assured the one who advised them is
eitiier bad, or badly edu(;ated and dtci'dcdir/
behind the times.

tS77

^LEAJsnnsrGS in bee cui-Tm^E.

Mt

i ivresinnc you have heard ol" the ■dcstiHUitivc torna-
• lo which p^isse<l through our vUlage March >Otli.
■«VcH, I had «ay bees in tiie -cellar, a«d il so happene*!
>! hat thes' vpere on the very oiitskiits of Uiat tcrrtble
storwi. fShoj), hmiher -jkkI c«i jity hd-vee iverc e«altercd
-:iU abo4?t ; 2»;iiotiBe8 were ik'stroyed, and ^ liv«s tost.
I was in Wie maiii path of tdic whirlwind, was buried
ill theru-bWsh, yet was bvA sligiitly hurt.

The Iwlkiing tiinl fell about, me was 38x48 fect^ anU
IT leet to the coiling, with tiiubcrs in its construction
C-' incl>e8 sqw&re by 30 feet l-oaig. It wa? the grandest
>ight I «vcr saw— y<;s, feai'luUy grand— I don't want to
-ee auother one. Tiic afternoon of the above day was
•'iuite war«i; I was ;wjxious to put tny bees out,, but
had no ltHje«nt«l About the lastdityof March— Biiives
■in all.

We have bad -a good saimraei" for bees ; £ in>ci'ca«ed
iio i:{, jiod realiced 250 lbs. of honey. One aew swarm
iravc 50 14?s. of <;oi!ib honey— all black beee— no extract-
•;-iL fhe tofnatlo made <a>e heajis of work this 6««i-
uier. I scarcely had time to attewi bees", I took the
iJioney boarils oil", put -caps on teii inches <leep, with
li<i like a triwik, and let the bees have their own way.
Some tilled the upper story full. Found no biood in
'the upper siorj-. Expected the queen would go «p
.-.tud lay b«t was !\greeably disapiiointe'l. All are box
Siives, with jjlenty of room to get «p. How do yo'ji
■'locouat for BT. ?

I'uring the sutnaicf I ttietl to raise artificial
' lueens, aad fiiiled, cotdd see brood but no eggs ; tried
cirtilieial swarming and got along very well ; tried to
^•reveot swarai absconding by giving each new natu-
nal swarEiacard or two of comb containing brood.
I like that plan iirst rate — intend trying it again aext
>iaiimer. vll lay well. A neighbor ha'l a colony ;of
i'QCs weigh-ing^ lbs. picked up by the storm.Jand not
ji speck or trace remained to be seen.

Our main dependence for i>aBtwrage If I'ruit blos-
soms and w iiite clover. I am caltivating what is here
•railed wikl ewe umber. It lasts about a month (and
ends alKHit the first of Sejitenilier. Bees like it rc-
ruarkably well, and seem to prefer it to catnip.

Hazel <ii-een. Wis., Dec. 14, '76. Jo65«I'U;M.*.s<«n,

FASTENING BEES JN THEIR IJIVES.

I'lease tell mei-f I shall close the entrance? to my
(!<ce hives. I have placed 25 in the cellar but as fast as
a bee conies out it drops, falls, or is piishe< I Oitl' on the
•cellar bottom an<l chills to death. What harm is there
an keeping them in ? Can sugar syrup be fed to bees
;i!iy lime Ihrotigh the winter, in the cellar, as well or
CIS safely as candy ? A7.k.\ W^if.uKK.

>^andwich. Ills., Nov. 2otb, ]S7t!.

FEEDING BEES IN WINTEK.

1 need some information iu regard to wintering
5>ecs in dry cellar. Will it do to conilne them or is it
i/etter to leave entrances open ? If left open many
Mill get out on warai days und die on the cellar 'x)t-
;oin. I wintered two stands of bees in the same ccl-
Jar last winter; they did well. 1 had to confine them
< r I think they would have come out and died. They
3iad no honey when I put them in th3 cellar, and I fed
ihem syrup made of A coffee sugar. They came out
.stronger in the spring, than they were in the fall. l>o
you think it requires more honey to winter on suranier
stands than in a cellar ? Thom.^s Mn.r.s.

I'ana, lilt., Nov. 21st, 1*>7«.

We fastt'ned our bees in their liivts with
wire cloth one winter while iu the be*.- house,
and we could not, discover that the result was
materially different. With tht LaD'.r.stroth
Lives, we simply fastescd wire cloth oyer the

porti-co and had the satisfaction if nothing
more, of having a cleasi i)1oo5' ; b<ut we foi«id so
•many dead bees about the wire cloth, that we
concluded little if any t'hiii^ was saveil.

Fri-tMid Mills, if you suc<.'ee<led in feeding two
colonies t-yrup all winter while confined to
their hives, you did ^something that would be
considered difficult by almost any v-eteran, and
we hardly think yoti will suticecd as well next
time. All seem to agre<^! that candy may be
f<xl at any time, yet very few have su-occeded
in feeding syrup in winter. Perhaps if very
thick, it might cause no injury, but it is pretty
sure to induce •dysentery. There is almost no
end to the troubles that have been reported by
those who have fussed with winter feeding.
Where there are but one or two colonies, it is
not so much matter, but with an apiary of
coosi'derablc size we know of few things more
discouraging ; au<.l the owner is quite likely to
wish he ha^d never seen or heard of a bee. It
has been estimated that from 5 to 10 lbs. of
hou'ey is saved by wintering in dry frost proof
cellars, but those who use the chaff i>acking,
claim but little more is consumed than in the
cellar. This is a matter that we are at present
testing.

You say the nails for keeping frames fiom swinging to-
gether have been voted a nuisance, and so they are in
some respects .; but how do you adjust and keep your
frames at equal distances without them? Why would
not a fraute sup^iorted by nails driven into ends of top
bar and resting on metal rabijets be cheaper and equally
as good as the kind you use ? I have not made this sub-
ject a hobby, but ask for information and hope you ^wili
give me the whys and wherefores as I am going to make
several Isuadred new frames soon, and wish to adopt the
best method for supporting them. W. E. Foebes.

Plainwell, Mich., Dec. Sth, 1876.
Bless you friend F., we don't have them at
equal distances. If you used nails, you would
have to use heavy clumsy pieces of wood, or
the nails would never hold ; and again, no one
can drive nails sufficiently exact to have the
frames hang straight down as frames always
should do. When we take a frame out, we
move those on each side a little away, that we
may remove it without injury to the bees or
combs, but if they were kept at fixed distances,
this could not be done ; besides, scarcely any
two combs will be of the same thickness, or if
they are at one season they will not be likely
to be the next, consequently we vary them ac-
cording to circumstances. It is true that the
Q. closed end frames are at fixed distances, bat
unless they are put back in the hive every
time just as they were built, one comb will be
almost sure to mash into the next, bees will
be killed, and the little fellows will have an
immense amount of labor to go through with
in cutting down and building up. Combs
built on the fdn., are a great saving in this
respect, for the base of the cells is flat and lev-
el ; but with our best natural comb, even after
the most careful pruning, we can only get
them level at the surface, while the base may
wave from side lo side almost the entire thick-
ness of the comb.

My bees are all in their winter quarters; each
hive in a box, packed in shavings by itself. I have
uo fear but that they will winter salely. This is the
fourth winter that I have wintered in this way; no

20

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan,

earrying them out to fly : no laakiag of holes through
the comb lor winter passages, or bothering about
the combs being too t'aW of honey; fin fact, it's the
least trouble of any way that you can put up bees ;
they are not apt to be troubled with (iisease, for
it keci)9 liiem dry and warm and allows them to lly
ivhea it is right that they should. I claim that bees
should fly two or three times during winter, to keep
them from having any disease amoug them.
Bexter, Mich., Dec. 18, 1876. J. H. Mltkdock.

BEES, HOW MANY 5IAKE A SWARM.

What Is the "regulation" size of a colony of bees ?
Possessing more bees than I have room for, and
having a colony of hybrids which were not consid-
ered salable, I decided to "take them up." Accord-
ingly I suflbcated the bees with the fumes of sul-
phur, shook the frames, and tlien bnished the bees
Into a pail and weighed and measured tliem. The
bees constituting this single colony measured 10
quarts and weighed 7' lbs. G. E. CortuiN.

St. .Johns, Mich., Dec. 15, 1S70.

Prieud C, wo are seldom quarrelsome, but
if we had been around when you were killing
those bees, don't know but there would have
been some "onpleasantness." A swarm of
bees that are clear black will always sell for
something in our vicinity, and it seems to us
that they would have paid for all time and ex-
})euse of wintering without a possibility of a
doubt. A friend who is just commencing had
a colony of hybrids, and tlie queen kept filling
comb after comb with brood until so late in
the fall, that his wife desired him to slice their
heads ofl' as we do drone brood, to avoid hav-
ing to buy sugar for such an immense family.
We were called in to advise as to what should
be done to induce such a queen lo stop laying,
but instead of advising to kill the brood, we
gave them $10 for the colony ; — and next sea-
son, if she is not allowed to fill combs to her
hearts content, it will be funny. We do not
know that we ever saw more than 10 quarts
in a colony in the fall, and we only wish you
had sent them to us instead of killing the poor
innocents.

IMPOKTING QUEENS.

My bees were very mucli weakened by the cider
mills last fall ; I liad to double many of them.

I am wintering some of the imported queens that
we received from D. Tremontani, Bologna, Italy.
They were 34 days on the way. Do not take this as
an advertisement as I am not in the importing bus-
iness. I sent ray order with friend Ovelman and my
brother, therefore cannot answer any inquiries more
than state the condition th?y arrived in; 15 out of
16 came alive and in good condition. Those who
are not satisfied with Mr. Dadanfs imported queens
should try their hand at importing and see for them-
selves.

I notice some parties complain of not getting the
value of their money from advertising in Glean-
ings. The orders I received for queens, from what
little money I spent in advertising in Gleanings,
exceeded my expectations. J. BI. V. Taylor.

Lcwistown, Fred'k Co., Md., Dec. 19, 1876.

BEETKEE, HOW TO GET THE BEE.S.

As I am a beginner you will please send aie th4<
back numbers.

1 have found a bee-tree; will you please Inform
me how to get the bees out without kllllDg them?

Oovoua, .N. J., Dec. 13, 1876. G. Atkins,

Much depends on hovt^ they are located; if
in a limb, climb up aud saw off the outer end-
being careful to get l>eyond the cavity, hitch a
rope to the part containing them, run it ovei •
a limb above, saw them off, let them down, and
then treat them precisely as a l>ox hive. If
they are in the body of the tree, perhaps your
best way will be to cut the tree aud ran th(
risk of having them all smashed up. About
the time of fruit blossoms is perhaps safest, for
the}' usually are lightest in honey at fluch a
time. As you will l)e likely to have many
bees outside at the time, it may be well to
leave the hive or log as near their old location
as possible a few days, to catch the returning
bees. Be sure to provide ample means for
having plenty of smoke ready as soon as it
may be needed. An enthusiastic friend — a
novice — lately was stung most unmercifully,
while high up amid the limbs of a monarch of
the forest. If we remember, he found more
hard work than poetry.

HONEY, now NOT TO GET IT.

My bee*, rilled 2 boxes, weight about 30 lbs. I supposed;
that was doini; well as I sold ic for 2l>c. per pound. 1 did
not put on any mora but found in about 6 caps 75 lbs.
grosa of surplus honey.

The above friend forgot to give his name,
but he gives an excellent example of the los^
those sustain who neglect to give their bees a
chance. By the way, we hiive quite a little
bundle of letters that have been sent us with
money, without any address or signature.
What shall we do with them?

SriMULATIVE FEEDING, DETEIMENTAL.

Had 40 swarms May 1st, '76; lost 2 in the cellar and
found i fjueenless. Hid to unite tham with others. Tbis
was our loss for last winter and spring ; one year a^o il'
you racolleet, I lost IS swarms by early stimulating, as ]
think. I took -1001) lbs. surplus, most of it extracted. 1
triad the scetion boxes aud like them but like the ex-
tractor better. I use two story hivas with frames aboui
the size of Quinby's ; don't think I want any smaller
frame. Have sold most of my haney for 12j^ cts., ken-
also included.

Now with regard to those dark Italians; I have soinr
reared from Dadant's queens, and some from a quean pur-
chased of Langstroth, but I fail to see wherein the dark
ones are uuy better than the light onts unless it is in
"lighiing qualities." Both are f;ir ahead of the blacks in
my judgement. Jas. Scott.

Epworth, Iowa, Dec. 21st, 1876.

My bees did well the past season. From 30 stocks t
took 200i' I'ls. boauliiul honey. It is now nearly all .sold
at 25 cts. I ir lb. I thought this big work until I saw tli ■
reports of friends Muih aud Hill. I am not so jubihim
now, but ci;:isole myself by thinking they are older bee-
keepers than I and perhaps had better bees and pasture'.
I'll go for them next time. H. C. Heespehgek.

Keene, Ky., Dec. 19th. 1876.

Took from 20 coloni:>s the p'l.st season 1200 lbs. lioue.x.
mostly extracted. The yield from white clover and bass-
wood rather light with a good riui on fall flowers.

Warsaw, N. Y.. Dec. 2lst, '76. I)Avn> Hall.

I do not know whether 1 li;ive ever wril ten you siue '. 1
rcc'd my cstrtjctor. I am well pleased with it. It p.tid
me bctwec'.i 400 and f)00 lbs. of honey and T think thiu
paying well. M. J. Xi;l;.:>.n.

Ligoni'-r Cnd., Doc. It'ih, 1376.

1S77

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

21

One your ;j.,'--o I began tlio \viii(cr with 82 swarms, two of
Avhifh 1 k'ftoH llieir suiumer stiuids pitokcil with chiiiT in
•Juiuby hives ; tlioy wiiitored better thuti those in the
toee house. One of them cast a swariii eight days in atl-
vance of any of the rest and the other one was the third
to switrin. I lost II swarma ; G of them >tarv<i<.l before be-
ing takeo out in the spring, the other eight ilwindled
•ilown and were robbed by others, there being v.o one to
iook after them. I being sick froin the first of May until
the first of July. Mow for the result. I increase<l them
ro 101 by natural swarming bat reduced them in the fall
to 1)0, 11 of which are on their summer stands in Quinby
tiives piK-ked in chaff. Five of these have chafT bottom
i>oai-ds; 7!) are in the bee house and that is not all. I got
lisO lbs. of dark comb honey. How is that for low ? I
'leed not tell you that it was the poorest season I ever
>aw; fruit blossoms and white clover were failures on ac-
coiuit of wet weather. Basswood which is our main dc-
jicndance for >nr|>lus, did not blossom and the fall was
(■old and wet. ( 'onsequeiitly our bees are not in the best
condition for winter but we hope for a better season nest
year. Wm. H. Tenant.

P. S. — Please don't put me in "Blasted Hopes" this
time.

fiureka. Wis.

Less thaa; Ti ]b«. of honcj^ to the hive, and
poor at that, we think justly eutitles ycu to
the department mentioned; but as you have
tiivtn us a good report in favor of the chafi",
^ye think we vviJl tiy you once more friend T.

I received (he two colonies of Italians sent me; all
appear to l;e alive and in good condition. They arc
'.he only bees in this country, and jf they do well the re
■i-tre a great many who stand ready and very desirous
oi trying them also. Where the bees are, it is so
warm they arc out from 9 o'clock to 4 each day, all
over the country. But as every class of vegetation is
dead, I cannot see how they can gather anything to
cat. BI. W. Mills, Cimarron, N. M., Dec. 16, '76.

Is not that pretty well for shipping bees all
1 he way 1o New Mexico ? The credit belongs
"<> friend Biaktslee we presume for he prepared
ih(m. Old l)rood combs were used, and those
with but a moderate amount of honey in them.

It is quite encouraging tor me, as a beginner, to hear
ih« reports from different states, of the successful bee-
keepers; it just braces me right up. I have 16 stands
■of bees : I transferred 8 from old i>ox hives last spring,
Mud hove <j Italianized. Now which is the cheapest
and best plan to Italianize the remainder.' Would it
1.0 sale to remove the old quetus next spring and place
<iueen cells in their stead? And w^ould the young
'lueens btcome fertile before black drones make their
appearance.

I have about 20 lbs of wax of good quality; had I
better send iho wax for fdn. or can you get me a pure
-:irticie? L. P. Kline, Mordansville, Pa.. Dec. 14, '7*.

Killing your queens in the spring and giving
them queen cells might be safe, but it would
bt; a very wasteful way, for you would stop all
brood 1 earing for at least two or three weeks.
Vou might get Italian tlrones before the com-
mon ones, and by such a course get the queens
purely fertilized; but you woukl lose at least
oue-haif your crop of honey. It will be much
better to wait until swarming time, and then
rear your queens in a nucleus or on two frames
in one side of the hive. T\hen your queen is
lajiLg, 30U can kill the o>d one and cage the
young (. 1 e 48 hours as usual. For full partic-
uiurs see it^iluuiziiig, page lo7. Vol. IV. You

probably could not get your 20 lbs. of wax to
us for 1. ss than Tjc per lb. ; llierefore we think
you had l)Ltter sell it at home it you can get
within 5c of wliat we pay, and buy the Idn. of
us. We have a lar|ie stock now, of very nice
pure wax.

What do yoii use for bemling th« metal corners before
IJUttiiig tiitni on the frames V

The corners are folded and finished in a very
ingeuious and expensive piece ol automatic
niachiiiery. It is entirely out of the question,
to think of doing accurate work by hand.

Have you ever known the Italians to collect honey front
t he larijc headed 1 ed clo\ er 'r

L. Heine, Smith\ille, N. Y.

Our Italians work on all the red clover we
have in this locality, and we see no ditteience
in ^avor of either the small or the large.

THE OLD WAY AND THE NEW.

A Mr. Thomas, living about 4 or .5 miles from Toledo,
Ohio, tr lis me that he generally keeps from 40 to GO col-
onies, and sets the hives on tlie ground, first laying
down a board. He does nothing in the fall to protect
them, lets the grass grow aroxind them, uses no stands,
liay, chaff, or quilts, and scarcely ever loses a colony.
H(' never smokes his bees, but turns up his hives in
the spring ana cuts out 'j to V of the comb and hon-
ey, and sets the hive in place again scarcely ever get-
tir g one stirg. He has box hives but is now thinking
of getting movable frames.

?«iow, sir, Mhy isitthatwiib his bees in the grass,
scarcely any attention given, w ith natural swarming'
altogether, cutting out the comb and honey, &c., his
bees winter vs eil, come out finely in the spring, and
gi\ e line crops of comb honey ?— and still more amaz-
ing, he scarcely ever gets a sting?

Geo. tJrimm. of Jefferson, Wis., says that his bees,
being in a better locality than his mother's, have done
tietter than hers; they have had a poor season. He
has over irj<i colonies ; he keeps them in dry warm
cellars, gives plenty of ventilation, and keeps a barrel
of water in the center which is changed every two
weeks. He piles his bees ."> to (i high, has the whole
entrance open, and slides the honey board forward
giving H iiiiih. opening behind, causing a draft through
the whole hive; finds it Cbpccially necessary to give
drait thus ; he has always tucoeeded. Ho aj^provcs of
making a hole through the comb tor winter passage
but (iocs rot practice it himself. His uncle Christo-
pher does, but has no better success in wintering than
himself.

See how differently these two men proceed, and both
of them very successful. A. Fahnestock.

Toledo, Ohio, Dec. IS, 1876.

Mr. Thomas is by no means the only one
who succeeds in wintering his bees antl get-
ting small crops of honey in an unsalable
state. But were you to inquire into the mat-
ter we think you would find the percentage of
loss greater tlian stated. Also, that the aver-
age yield per colony, is very insignificant com-
pared with your own, and those who read, and
practice what they read. There is occasionally
a bee-keeper near us who has in the same way
escaped almost entirely the malady of the past
few years, but much the greater part of the
box hive laee-keepers, have gone down to very
few stocks, or oftener, none at all. Adam
Grimm made a fortune from his bees, while
Mr. Thomas has probably made little more
honey from his than to supply his family, even
if he hxiH escaped loss in wintering. At the
same time we should not lose sight of the fact
that bees many times do better in old rickety
hives out in the grass, than do those so care-
fully fussed with, so far as wintering is eon-
cerned. We shoultl keep a keen lookout for
facts, but avoid going to unwarrantable ex-
trfrac^ either way.

ISS?

GLEAKINGS m BEE CULTFIiE.

JXK.

I experimented with 10 1 )s of ftln. ;. except for start-
ers I shall' lor the future wait antl oee those of more
knowleil^c and skSli pro^^t bj them. Mr. Hoge, c4ia:i
liong, tolfi' me a few ilaya since hv should be in the
market with a vegetable woix foirndation a* 30 or .^.6c.
per pouTnl thwt woald surpass anything yet mar>e.

Have yoiT noticed' that the fdn. with the arch of the
eell at the top, does not bulge as it does whea a l?at
side of the cell is uppermost.

Can yoiT not get Capt. Hetberington tO' tell itb how
he gets his con^bs \ya'M so trne in his glass boxes ?

Above all other boxes I have, and I hajve a lof, too,
so far, I prefer the <7. T. Wheeler. Shall nse Isham's
largely this sfiason. Extracted honey vrill take ihe
lead; it is not known, is the reaijon why there is not a
jfreater demaml for it. Why uot put isp in t-m pack-
ages of one and two pounds? Glass is so high? fhc
price tells; and everybody tells the price.

C. J. QuiNKY, White Plains, N. Y., Dtec. 9, '76.

If you use the fcln. lor starters, jou will
probably use it for all purposes, for scarcely
aoyone disputes its value for getting all work-
er comb.

FDN., AND BULGING ; UOKS 'ITIE POSITION OF
THE CEI,I.,S AFFECT IT ?

We never before thought of the idea of the
position of the cells making a difference, but
since you mention it, we find that in all our
experiments the cells have been in the poHition
you recommend. In fact, we cannot make full
sheets for the L. frame to go in otherwise. If
Mr. Long can succeed with Ceresin, or some
composition of it, we shall rejoice with him ;
but in our correspondence with the dealers in
Ceresin, they have mentioned making it hard-
er, to prevent bulging. Now this will not an-
swer, for if harder than wax the bees will not
be able to work it rapidly, and we shall lose
more time than we gain by the whole fdn.

WAX, PORE : NO St/BSTITUTE.

We think it will be very difficult to find a
substance that will soften by heat, and yet re-
tain its tenacity, as does the real wax made by
the bees. The fdn. we make, and that we have
found so successfal, is made of pure wax, and
our patrons may rest assured that no sort of
experimenting shall be made on any that is
sent out to thtm. We presume Capt. II. used
the tin separators, for th<' sections that were
to be glassed.

EXTHACTEi> IIONKV IN TIN CANS.

Extracted honey is already offered for sale
in 1 lb. tins ; but the trouble is that the buyer
cannot )<ee the honey, and the tin cans are as
expensive as cheap glass. The tin has the ad-
vantage of never becoming leaky.

Send "Gleanings" another year; my bettor half
thinks we cannot do without it, and of course your
humble servant entertains the same op-nion ; the only
claim we flic against it is, that it does not come olten
enough. It ought to be a weekly ; -but human nature
is never Balislled, hence we must be content. Now I
will tell you some of the things that I have been guii-
ly of this season. In the fhst jilace, I worked about
10 hivert for honey alone, and took out about S)0« lbs.,
all extracted, which nearly all sold for 20c. per pound.
I worked a good many bees on shares, raised quite
a number of queens, and bought three warranted

fjueens iTom J. Oatman & Co., and two from H. Alley..
all of whic-h give satisfaction. Septein'ber found ni! •
witli 2? colonies, I sold 20 of aheiTE; takiitg all togetli-
er I have cleared about S800, Rev. W. H. IvEKii
Wayne?own, Ind . Dec, 11, 1876.

TlM3t>c»? thing I have found for stings wlven. they
arc liftbJe to- swell, (aniS tbait ia very seldom^ with n>o),
is to take si very sbari> pointed pocket kn/ife andlanc;-
the skin in tlie exact place vfhenj the s-ctng eutereU
: fully as deeii or even deeper ; this will allow the jwis-
~ on to run oui! InsJead of going ic, so'tbat the swellin-"
will woJ ;>mount to much.

Fro)K>li6 taken from the hive while warn?, or mtv\<
soft by the fire, Ss a splendid thing to heal up sorer
of anj kind. It wfll aave you from' buying prepa-
tions ol ^he t^ruggist or l>octoir, siicb as sailve. sticking;'
jjlaster, and the lik*?.

I have been working a IftSle for yoi? aa wdl s^f'
myriClf ; I have got three O'f m-y friendb tO' swbsci'ibi"
for <Jlkanin&s; two of which have beea, and om-
wishes to read it for pastime, M. Wtki€k.

$7aseade, I>ubuqiTe, Co.jlowje.

PBOI'OLIS Tf?. STICKING FLASTEK.

I But we fear we had rather take the pafn of
the sting, friend W., than to hisve our hamfK
I thus gouged up ; perhaps that propolis salve
i might make it all right, for we cau abundantly
j certify in regard to its "stickative" proper-
ties— although we know nothing- of its medical
virtues.

That is a rare compliment you pay us — that
Gleanings is read for "pastime" by one who
is not a bee-keeper.

I have ;i house apiaiy too, the walls are only one iuclt
thick, of pine lumber jointed and gi-05ved. My Iouj:
Standaid hires are ninged on each side, with 5 inches tif
chaff beneath thein. Tliey are back from tiro
walls 5 inches, \vith a 5 inch boarJ placed so as to conii
within two inches of the alighting boards of the bivos.
Small pieces of l>oanls ,5 inches wide standing on ornl.
supjwrt this beard and se!>;irate the entrances. Then -2
inch holrs arc bored through the wall for an entrance i >
each hive level with the alighting boards. I have ixickcd
cliafT on all sides, ends, and on the top a foot thick. Now
what do you think of the plan? It is the same principl ■
as chatf i>,'U'king in boxes, and I think much handier luid
better, and not so expensive. Twenty inches space aiv,
allowed for each hive, and my house will hold 36 hive-,,
with two tiers one above the other, on each side faciuur
ea.st and west. If this is a success I shall build a larger
hou.se nest year on the same principle. I tlon't see wliy
it shor.ld 1)0 frost proof, with the hives packed in chatT.
especially when bees will winter out doors splendidly.
packt!<l Mi!h chifT in boxes. A frost proof house is quitu
expcii>i\e, but a house like this will not cost as much a<
to make Ixi.xes for all the hives, or even the "hives for on!
door vviiitcriiig" that you have described in Gi.E.iNiSfiS.

Anson Minor, Low Banks, Out. Can. Dec. (1th, 1876.

Very likely you are right, friend M., but it,
is a matter on which we need experiment. We
have for some time thought the hives migh'
be arranged as in a house apiary, entirely with-
out anj'^ house — or at least with a very open
one, securing all the advantages of having tin.'
apiary in small compass, and facilitating tin
chafl' packing. Unless a free current of air
can be secured, especially in the spring, we are
inclined to think the bees worse off in tlie
house than out doors.

1877

GLiSANINGS IN BEE CUL'irURiE.

23

(kir f (

'EXtEPT YE UKCOME AS LITTLE ClIILDKEN— ''

MOTHER one morning gave her two littlo ones
books and toya to ahnise them while eho went
upstarr? t ) httend to something. \ half hour
iiHsscd quletlj- away, and liieh one ol' the little ones
went to tiie foot of the stairs, and in a timid voice
called out, "Mama, are yoa there ?"

"Yes, darling."

■All right,"' said the little one, ami went oi\ with
iier play. By and by the question was repealed. "Ma-
ma are you there ?"

••i'es, dArling."^

"AH right,'' said the child again, and once more
went on with her play. And this is just the way we
"'Uoiild feel towards Jesus. He has gone upstairs, to
Ihe right liand of God, to attend to some things for ns.
he has left us down in this lower rocm of this world
to be occupied hero fot a while.^ But to keep us frotn
being worried by fear or care, He speaks to us from
ills word, as that mother spoke to her little ones. He
•iays to us, "1b\'ar not : lam with thee. I will never
leave thee, nor forsake thee." "Jchova-Jireh, the
i.ord will provide."

And so we see how certain it is that God does pto-
vide relief in tiouble for those who love and serve
him.— Svndag School W'oWrf.— Sept.. lsi7«.

Are there those among our readers who
A-bulcl coiisi'der such a ftiith f.-liild-like ? and
bordering oii superstition to suppose that
some unseen power for good were hovering
over us, aiid ready to strengthen us in all
*4O0d iinpulses and resolutionsV Perhaps I
rau so exphiiti it as not to seem so very vis-
ionary aftcl- all. But a few months ago, I was
•struggling in vain, to free myself from habits
liiat I cbitld but admit ih my better momients
were fast making ine worse instead of better ;
were makiug me selfish, overbearing, sullen^
impatient, and unhappy; and w^re slowly but
.-^urely, chasing away all vestige of the pleas-
ant sunshiny smile that seemed so peculiarly
TO belong to me in my childhood, and that had
many times enabled me to cheer up others,
when amid trials and troubles. Perhaps a lit-
tle prosjxrity had something to do with this,
:tad it may Ix; that I was getting too great an
idea of my own importance ; an idea that I
could not be expected to wast<! my valuable
time in fussing with everybody's wants and
wishes, all for nothing. What do you think
of such an individual, dear friends, when you
come across them V Well, I used to think just
so of myself, when in my lx;tter moods, I got a
luir view of the "chap" that usually, selflsh-
uess prevented my seeing at all.

"Look here old fellow ! Do you sec what
a, fool you are making of yourself V Why can
you not be decent V" And in sober moments
when no temptation was near, I made huge
resolves that 1 would be a perfect model of all
that was good and lovable, but perhaps before
t»ue hour had passed I would find that all
these resolutions had been swept away like
cobwebs across the path, by some sudden
temptation, and in despair I drifted on until
some view of better things again awakened
aHi'W the desire to be better Hiyself, and to
hi'lii make the world better.
Now our friends in our prayer meetings

would explain the matter very readily by say-
ing that I failed, because T relied on my own
strength alone ; but to others, this kind of
reasoning does not seem very logical ; to the
latter, I would speak, for I feel that every thing
about the Christian religion, has a clear and
lucid explanation. My attempts were without
any very clear idea of the change that would
have to be made to bring a man bf middle,
age back to the innocency of i^hildhood : I fear
that I had but a small idea of the amount
of sacrifice needed, and of the reg-
ular breaking up one has to go through with
to "become a new being." An intemperate
man may break away from his cup all at once,
and he may remain firm all the rest of his life,
but i never heard of a human being who sud-
denly broke away from dU his bad habits and
became, a different man, unless it was by ta-
king that beaten track, the Bible as his
guide.

Did you ever feel that your door yard need-
ed slicking up, and that' you really must "get
at it," but after you started, you found each
individual thing was not sO very bad after all,
and perhaps after fussing with it a little, you
finally left it in almost the same condition as
before? As days pass along, you lament that
it is such a disagreeable and untidy place, but
you have tried several times to better it, and
it did no good. A kind friend conies along,
.and shows you a picture of k yarc^ with ^
beautiful grassy lawn, nice , trees and every
thing in sifch perfect order, that you exclaim,
"Oh that I c(ndd have such an one ! wha,t
would I give." Suppose he tells you that you
can have just that exactly, and, without cost-
ing you any money at all, if you will just work.
What is to'hinder V Suppose he tells you that
he has plenty of time, and would really like to
help you do it. Under his direction and kind
advice, you take off your coat and go to work,
and are told that all old things must be cleared
away, eten to the very grass under your feet.
As the old crooked and ungainly trees are
rooted out, and as one thing after another that
you felt you could not spare are cleared away,
you may feel now and then that it is a sore
trial, but after you have fully decided on it,
and as the new" begins to come out in its puri-
ty and beauty, you can then indeed begin to
feel "My yoke it is easy, and my burden
it is light."

Now is all this peace and beauty going to
remain thus without further effort on the part
of the owner ? By no means, for just as surely
as you sit down v/ith folded hands, just so
surely will it all run to waste, and the old or-
der of things will come back. Is it not better
that it is so ? We are only contented wheu
we are busy, and happiest when we have some-
thing to accomplish. Unless we are pushing
ahead in s-ome direction, we are very sure to
be slipping back. Our yard — or garden per-
haps we might call it — is all in nice and beau-
tiful order ; old offensive things are all cleared
away — all forgiven — and we are left in charge,
and expected to keep all neat and tidy. Ala3,
we are but human, and with all this fresh new
start, perhaps we would never amount to any
thing at all, were not this same kind friend
still near, and ready to advise or direct the
work, for each day. Furthermore, He never

24

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jaw.

tires, never becomes discouraged at our repeat-
ed failures, if we only keep striving, and in
His loving kindness, He not only freely for-
gives the "past over and over again, but '-sev-
enty times seven" if need be.

When one arrives at a point whei'e he begins
to think the world — including himself — is hoi-
low, deceitful and unsatisfactory, when he be-
gins to feel a longing for something better and
purer, does he not, begin to wonder for what
purpose he was craated, and to turn instinct-
ively to the Being who made him for light and
help ? I do not pretend to understand the dif-
ferent phases of the human mind, nor can I
account for the way in which we seem drawn
toward every thing that is mild and gentle,
when we begin to long for a purer life and pu-
rer motives. I only know that for months
life loomed up before me as a failure. There
was no mistaking; I was surely sinking back,
instead of going forward, and struggle as I
might, 1 only found myself still more helpless.
Worst of all, I was losing my energy, and
growing listless ; I cared less and less every
day, about paining or wounding others, and I
knew in my inmost soul that when I was real-
ly under way in the downward path, my course
would be quickly run. Weak and trembling,
discouraged and doubting, 1 alone by myself
offered up one simple earnest honest prayer to
the Being who made me, who cared for me (if
such there was), for help and guidance. Like
the voice of conscience when we are doing
what we know is wrong, only ten times louder
and stronger, the answer came at once clear
and distinct.

"Obey, consent to be led as a little child and
your work shall be shown you, day by day."

"But I am weak, I shall fail miserably as I
have heretofore," and as the duties that I
might be called upon to perform, and the
things that I might have to give up crossed
ray mental vision, I could only utter aloud, "I
can not ! Oh I can not."

Then came the help and encouragement that
I would tell you of, for though no living soul
was near, 1 seemed in companionship of kind
and loving friends. Gentle accents seemed to
say, "You shall have strength given you that
you know not of, and when you feel that you
are falling, a strong arm shall iiphoUl you.
Only give up all, be humble, and obey."

Nearly two years have passed since that
struggle and yielding up, and never in the
path of duty, has that promise failed me ; oft-
times, like the little one at the stairway, have
I beeu compelled to call,

"Dear Saviour, are you still near?"

Perhaps it is memory, that replies, "Lo, I am
with you always, even to the ends of the
earth."

At times, trials come from unexpected di-
rections, and before I am aware of it, liard
feelings rise up, and I become conscious that
something is wrong, yet hardly know where
duty lies.

"My Father! lam stumbling; I do wish to
do right, I am trying to obey. Wilt thou guide
and direct, and give me strength V"

Do yon wonder that peace, calmness and a
clearer perception of right and wrong come
at such a time?

Through almost all my life, has run one beset-

ting sin ; one right hand sin perhaps it might
almost be called, and as surely as temptation
came in this direction, almost so sure was I In
fall. I might have beeu strong almost every
where else, but alas for this one weakness thai
threatened to cripple me for life. Now whei;
this change came that I have mentioned, I at
lirst feared this one weakness more than al;
others together, but strange to tell, in that
respect at least, I have beeu almost anothei
person, for all taste that way is gone as effect-
ually as if it never existed. After that one
simple prayer, an almost impenetrable waif
seems to have been raised up in that one <.l!-
rectiou. Those who have studied the workings
of the human soul, may perhaps say it was
the result of a powerful revulsion and sudden
change of purpose and feeling. This I grant.,
but who but the divine author of the mind
and soul, has the power to thus create in us
new and better purposes 'i And will he not in
answer to every humble call, show us that we
have not been turned adrift helpless and alone,
but that a loving and kind solicitude for our
welfare, follows us through life ?

Six years ago a young mason was laying
brick for this very building in wliich I now
write ; he was an excellent mechanic, but per-
haps the most blasphemous fellow I ever met.,
in fact in his ordinary conversation he would
utter mingled obscenity and profauity, that
might make one's blood run cold. I gazed at
him in astonishment, inquired about him, but
was told he probably would never do any bet
ter. A few months after, some members of
the Young Mens' Christian Association in
some unaccountable way, made an appeal that
stirred his better nature and he was convert-
ed. He Avas at once a changed man. I knew
nothing of it until I met him in his own churcli.
a pleasant, quiet, kind, earnest Christian, his
wife with him, and instead of being with w
class of low lived roughs, he now went to
church every evening. Well dressed, intelli-
gent looking, humble and respectful, well
might his wife be proud of him. Can it be
possible for a human b(;ing to become so
changed ? was my thought as I took him by
the hand, and told him how glad I was to see
him among them. He told me all his old hab
its had been stripped oil" as if they had been a
garment. And as we became better acquaint
ed he told me of some of his struggles to kee]>
in the right path. One I will relate. He hail
been much addicted to the use of tobacco,
but thinking it wrong, he had broken off this
with other" bnd habits, yet tlie old taste
haiuitcd him, and would give him no peace.
.Aifter mouths of struggling, even his wife plead
with him ttj get some, and be tormented as he
had baeji no more; and he finally went back to
its use, feeling as ho told me, that he could
hardly bear the thought of undertaking to gi>
through such an ordeal again ; he felt that al-
though free in other respects, he must perhaps
be a slave to this fault all the rest of his life.
Time passed, and we had a winter that gave
masons very little work, in fact he finally was
obliged to cease paying his church dues, be-
cause he had no money. All this time he wa'*
paying lor the weed an amount that would
have done nicely for the weekly contribution
box. (!onscience was at work, and he finally

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

25

alone in his closet, laid the matter all before
that Saviour, and faithfully promised that if
strength were given him to fight this battle,
he would put every copper of the tobacco
money into the contril)ution box. What do
you suppose was the result? From that mo-
ment, all taste for tobacco left him, and he
told mo months afterward, that not once had
he felt the least desire for the stimulus that he
once thought he should never be able to get
along without. Another neighbor has had
the taste for strong drink taken entirely away
from him in a similar way, and instances of
the like could be collected from almost every
neighborhood I presume without number.
But a few months ago I should have smiled at
all this as a delusion, but dear friends are not
delusions that bring such results a most glo-
rious thing? If unbelief or scepticism raised
men up, freed them from bad habits, and made
them better citizens, then might we recommend
it, but who ever heard of such a thing?
If a simple and child-like faith in the Bible
and all of God's promises brings all these
things, who would say a word against it ?
AVhatever may be your own belief dear reader,
you certainly will say, God speed the work
that makes the vvorld purer and better, will
you not ?

Are there any who are inclined to call these
small matters? Last summer a safe was rob-
bed of IIG.OOO in the city of Akron, just 20
miles east of us. The clerk was taken up for
it, but after a long lawsuit, was discharged as j
an innocent man ; his character had always i
been good, and he came from a very respecta- }
ble family where he had had careful christain j
training. After he was set at liberty, he went
west, and finally for som*? reason, attended
Moody's and Sankey's meetings in Chicago. A '
few days ago, he sought an interview and con-
fessed to Moody that he really did take the
f 16.000 and asked what he must do to be saved.
The only course was pointed out to him, and
he has just come back to his home, confessed
his crime, and given himself up. But by our
laws he is pronounced an innocent man, and
nothing could be done with him for the theft.
He returned all the money so far as he could,
and then at his own request was sent to pen-
nitentiary for perjury. He is sentenced to 3
years imprisonment, but with the feeling in
his heart that God has forgiven him all, he is
doubtless a happier man, than ever before,
with all the freedom the world can give. Did
you ever hear of a person who had been guilty
of such crime turning suddenly to an honest
life, even though It involved years of impris-
onment, under any other influence? Did any
one ever hear of scepticism or atheism making
a man better or more hone-it ? I am sure that
every one who reads this will say without
hesitation, "Give us the religion that makes
men honest ; we do not care where it comes
from, nor who proclaims it, (we do ncjt care
for all the arguments and theories that were
ever inventerl), if it, only induces mankind to
be truthful, and to do as they wunld be done
bv. there is no such thing as too much of it.''

State i)risons and courts of law, arc very
.rrood to make people honest l)ut when we can
take away the disposition to want money or
oroperty that belongs to some one olsi*, are we
n >t '-stf-ppMrj: heavcuw-irrl ?"

$€h*s and %ae^i^.

fS the mustard for bees the common wliite ? How
much secil per acre is necessary ? All kinds yield
' hoHci/. Should, think 1 lb. would sow an acre.
How mui;h borage see;! sows an acre ? Should it be
sown broadcast or in drills? and what is tlie best time
to sow ? Sow 2 fo 3 lbs. per acre in May or June, cither
broadcast or in drills. How about sweet clover ?
About thi same as mustard. If j'ou hail 40 stands of
black bees all in movable comb hives, how would you
Italianize them so as to make most of them for the
least money the coming saason ? ff you, have work
that will pay yoii^l.OO per day, buy \0, dollar queens.
If yiu have nothing else (o do, buy an imported queen,
and rear the queens as we have advised on another page.
T. O. Stanley, Jeffersonville, Wis.

Can yon furnish me section frames of any dimensions ?
Yes sir ('ee) .' I shall want next season (Providence
permitting) from 1000 to 3000. What kind of wood are
they made of ? Pine. I have an orchard of five acres.
At what season of the year should I sow it to alsike clov-
er ? Should I prepare the ground first or could I sow it
on a light sod and trust to its crowding out the orchard
grass ? The limbs of the trees are so low I cannot plow.
The sod is so light, ordinary red clover will work its way
through. Alstke is to be treated precisely as red clover.
Is Horse mint a honey producing plant ? Yes, it is the
same thing as wild bergamot. Sse page 6. How many
pounds of alsike clover seed does it take to sow an acre ?
About 4. I should like to know tiie comparitive merits of
open and closed top bars. I am using the latter. See
back volumeis, and if not satisfied try a few hives each
way. W. P. HOGAETY.

Quindaro, Kansas, Dec. 6t h, 1876.

Can you inform me of the ordinary temperature of
the brood nest?— especially in the spring when they
are rearing brood rapidly ? It is a very nice point to
determine accurately ; about Ui(P as nearly as we have
been able to get at it. H. L. Lankton.

Hartford, Conn.

If frames are \Ji wide, how many square inches of
surface will make one pound of honey ? // you use
separators so that the comb is only about 1 Si in thick-
ness, about 16 square inches. If without separators, so
the comb will be about VA thick, perhaps 12 square in.
to the pound. C. Wilkins, Ott, Coos Co., Oregon.

When is the best time to send for Italian Queens ?
Summer. Are they better than our common black
bees for h jney ? As surely as horses are better than
oxen. When is the best time to drive bees from old
stands to new ones ? Summer. Should bee stands set
in the heat of the sun during summer months ? Not
unless they are in chaff hives or others that protect
them. Should bees be allowed to come out during
warm days in winter ? Wc would let them come out
whenever tlicy wish. In the chaff hive they never com':
out unless it is very warm. W. G. Craig.

Clearmont, Mo., Dec. 8, 1S7G.

I would like to have some of our best bee-keepers
try the following experiment : Seal winter stores for
your bees yourself if nccessarj^; fill your combs full;
liave sheet wax; very thin, and liavc all warm; attacli
wax to top bar and sides, then with a proper instru-
ment press the wax to the comb; if it is at the right
temperature it can be placed down all right; then
sei vc the other side llie same way.

I think stores scalr^d in this w.ay will be just as good for

30

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jan.

wiiiteriii,.' as ii sfjnled by the bc(;« themselves. . Four
combs will hold t;iiou,!;h to winter a stock. White sugar
hhxild be used. With proper implements it can bo done
very fast, and with combs eonliiining jiollen also. And
why not inanufHcturo pollen, put it in the cells, and seal
it ready for use in the spring, if not needed hi winter ? I
iim delermined not to slop where wo are, but move with
the timts, !>• A- Jones, Beeton, Can.

[Go on iriend J. ; it did occur to us lo say the bees
would work cheaper than anybody wc could employ
hereabouts, but i)erhHps we arc mistaken ; and wo
shall not say anything discouragiug, even if we hear
of your living about among the clover heads with a
tin pail.l

I llnd on examination ciiat No. 7, Vol. I, is so damaged
that it will look bad in ray book. It C( ntained a descrip-
tion of hive that I use, hence has l)eeu handled a great
deal. 1 have boon so successful, people think i: i.s on ac-
count of luy hive and every one fioing into the business
wants the dimensions of it to work by, consequently
I hey have worn the paper out. Wm. C. (iuiEK.

Lamar, Mo., Nov. 20th, lS7t>.

[We were thhiknig o\er the many hives we hr.ve des-
cribed in GiEAKiNGS, a few days ago, and regretting that
we had at dilt'erent times thought each new one, the
long sought desideratum. The one our fiieiid refers lo, is
the Simplicit,\, made to hold American frames. If they
have all done good in a similar way, we shall iniw cause
to rejoice, after all,]

Trom Mr. S. J. Markle's report, page 203, I think
southern Kansas would be a good place lor the busi-
ness. But he informs me that the printer made a mis-
lake in the amount of sugar led them ; it should have
been 8 lbs. instead of 8S, though he said it maile no
difference for the remainder of the report might look
a little extravagant, but that it was Gospel trnch ; and
no one who has known him as long and well as'l have
will doubt it.

My report is hardly worth sending in; I began the
.season vvitli 1'2 stands, and increaiod to 35, all strong
and very heavy with storee-; and took 750 ibs. extract-
ed lioney.

We n.ivc had a low very cold days; on the 9th the
mercury went down to ID" below zero. \. McMains.

Utiuriion, Iowa, Dec. 11th, 1876.

Report for the year; increased from 7 to 20, and
took 6(0 lbs. extracted honey.

Wm. Mills, Seville, Ohio, Dec. 27th, 187(5.

H.VS HAD NO LOSSES IN THE PAST SEVEN YEARS.

^^]3^^'E were quUc takeu up with tliQ idea
ytf given in Dec. No., of an auger hole for
wiiiter entrance iu tlie front of the hive, and
have received further iu regard to it as follows :
I do not consider it necessary to clean the dead bees
fiom the bottom of the hive unless we have protracit-
cd cold weather. If we have a warm day occasionally
t!ie hoes will themselves carry ihera up and out. f
used to follow Langstroth's directions and clear tliem
out once a month, but of late I leave them until the
middle of February; the queens usually commence
Uiyihg here about that time. I do not lift the frames
to clear ilie hives for the entrance is the whole width.
I use a U inch iron rod, llattcncd au<l made .square at
the end, to form a scraper about 4 inches long. I
i-crape the dead bees and other litter out, close them
up iigaln, and leave them until the weather becomes
warm and the ccniits crowded with bees; then open

below. They will put out the dead bees at the hole
when they would not do it if the ventilation were at
the bottom, as they apiiear to have much better c:>m-
mand of tlie bottom of the hive wlien all is close but;
the hole above, and will often put out dead bees wheu
they don't tly. As a rule I thiak the bees would carry
out all their dead, but think it better after the hard
Irost of winttr is past to clean them out and save
them the trouble.

1 would not advise an}-one to stop up the bottom of
the hive la cold weallicr, lor in that case the bees
know nothing of the entrance being changed and
might worry themselves to death in trying to get out
without tinding the new entrance. It should be done
in warm weather, that the l)ee3 may get used to the
change before winter. I know a man who tried it la
cold weather; he stopped up the front of ihe hive
and bored' a hole through the side. Ol course the
bees never found it, and his conclusion was that they
smothered, J. S. Hii>l.

Mt. Healthy, Hamilton Co., O.. Dec. 1.5, 187(;.
We have tried the plan of getting the bees
out with a scraper, but decidedly object to an-
noying them as mucli as the operation has al-
ways seemed to ours. With the Simplicity
hives it is a very easy matter to raise the hive,
and clean out ail tiltli, and if you have an at-
teiulant with a broom you can li.'t the hives
while tlie bottonis arc swept iu a tvviuliliug.
If th< St; hives are prepared for winter witli a
chair cushion on each side, ami a thick one
above, we really believe they would carry eve-
dead bee out at the auger hole nearly as soon
as they died. Our neighbor Blakeslee, lets his
bees do the whole of it themselves, saying they
can do it cheaper than he can. With the S.
hives, it will be a very simple matter to close
the lower eatranc, by sbding the hive back on
the bottom board, and the hole in front, will
be all the entrance they need until they really
commence getting honey.

IMmlMiiiliiF

I have 70 cidonics in cvlLir in cundiiioii to winter, I
think. All blacks except one Italian. Woiild like to Ital-
ianize them next season. Will give anyone that ujider-
stands the business one-half of the iucrease to iielji me
Italianize and take care of them next season. 1 will pay
half the expense. My hives are mostly Laiigstroth. I
make my own hives, am a cabinet maker, but live on a
farm near timber, plenty of basswood, white clover, &c.
I am selling honey at 35c. per pound ; extracted and box
all same price. W. N. TiNKLEPAUGH,

Id Preston, Fillmore Co.. Minn.

CHEAP HIVES.

Material for standard Langstroih Hive.-;. Portico. 10
frames, beveled edue, bottom lioard and caps.
J n lots of .5 each - - - - $1 CO

'■ " 10 •• 90

'■ '• 20 " 85

•' " :«> or over ----- SO

Sample lli\e - - - - - 1 59

Two story hive and 21 ir.anie.s furnished low. Material
for honev bo.xes chenp. Address

J. OATM.\X & CO , Dandce, Kane Co., 111.
Writ(! for circular. l-5d

CASH FOa_BEES-WAX.

V.'e are paying .10 cents per jiound for yellow bees-
wax, in lots of from 50 to .^,000 or more pounds, dellv-
eretl at .Syracuse, or 31 cents, if exchanged for white
wax. If'you liaveany wax on hand, and can deliver
it at the ilbovo price, please do so, aad we will send
vou our chnok on receipt of !hi> same.

kcki;i:m.\n & wiLi..

7-7-'77 Wax-blcachcrs. Syracuse, JM. Y,

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

.A-ID"VEI^TISElva:EISrTS.

Advertisements \vilNiori<civetl at the rate «f ten
"t-.enls per line, Nonpart il spiK-e, each insertion, cash
in advance; an<l wt' leijuiie that every A<lvertlsersat-
jslies us ot res|K)ns-il)llity an<l intention to do all that
Sic agrees, and that his goods are really worth the
j)rice asked for tlienr

Names of responsible parties will l>e inserted in
■either of the fol lowing departnien Is, at a uniform price
■of lOc each iuseition, or 51.00 per year.

f 1 « 0 # (Q 11 <? «? 11 s 8.

.Vrtwes inserted in this (J/pnr<wc>if /he first firnewifh-
<mi clHirgc. Ajtcr, 10c. eii<-h insertion, or $l.O(i per year.

Those whose names appear below, agree to lurnish
Italian (Queens the coming season lor si.oo each, under
Che following coalitions: No guarantee is to be as-
»ume<l of purity, tale delivery, or anything of the
kind, only that ihe queen Le reared from a choice, pure
jdoi her, and had commenced to lay when they were
.'liipped. They also agree to return the money at any-
time when customers become Impatient of such delay
as may be unavoi«lable.

IJeai in mind that he who sends the V)est queens, put

lip neatest and most securely, will probably receive

ttie most orders. Special rates for warranted and

Set-ted queens. Uirnished on application to any of the

jiartics. Names witli *, use and imjwrted queen moth-

If wanted by mail, sena 10c. extra.

*G. W. Dean, River Styx. Medina Co., O.

*J. Oatman & Co., Dundee. 111. l-12d

*K. W. Hale, Wirt, C. H., West Va. (Mi

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md. Itl

*Dr. J. P. H. Blown, Augusta, Ga. «tf

J. M. C. Taylor. Lewistown, Fred'li Co., Md. 1-6

Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis, 1-12

We, %^ bote names appear below, agree to furnish bees
as follows : A t«o frame nucleus, full of brood and bees,
witli tested queen, for SC.OO, or the same with §1.00 queen
for 54.00. Where li^e are oidered at one time, §1'(0 less
«iU each nucleus ; * names use only iin];orted mothers.

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md. 7-1

IIl-\^e JMaiiiifactiii'ers.

A. I. Root. Medina, Ohio.

M. S. Wei-t, Ponliac, Mich. G-.'i

Geo. W. Simmons, Newark, Del. 1-12

IMPLIIBIBNTS FOI6 BEE ClJl/riTRE AL-
PHABE'riCALLY ARUAIVUXID.

For descriptions of Ihe variou.s articles, fee our ninth
edition circular found in Feb. No., Vol. IV., or mail-
ed on application.

This price list to be taken in place of those of former
date.

Mailable articles are designntet) in the left hand col-
!inin of fiaures; the ti^ur«s giving the amount of postage
required.
Bees, lull colony amply pro\ided for winter, in

our new two stoiy, chafl hive (described Nov. and

Dec.No's .. 76), tested (niccn from imported mother,

safe arrival guaraiite( d. . (Lawn hive ■$! more.) . .§1.5 00

The same in a i story Sinijilicitv hive 1.3 00

The same in old style L. hive A\ith portico, etc 12 OU

Theisame with hybrid queen 10,00

The same not jirovisioned for winter 7,00

We think we can prepare bees for shipping safely any
suonth in the year; when we fail in so doing, we will give
due notice.

o I Binder, Emerson's, for Gleanings 50,60,7.5

, Bfllances, spring, for suspended hive (60 lbs) 8,00

KJ I Blocks, iron, for frame making 15

I Bar-rels for honey, $2,50 ; waxed and painted 11,60

Huzz-saw, foot-power, complete ; circular with cuts free

( n BppJication. Two saws and two gaugts included, fe ( 0

0 I Buzz-saws, extra, « in. 1,50; 7 in.. 1.75; 8 inch^. 2 GO

I Buzz saw mandrel and boxes complete for C inch

I saws .*,5,00 ; The same for 7 and 8 inch saws. . . 8 00

I Comb F(.undutioi\ Machines complete. ....$30 to 125 OO

•;0 I ChalY cushions lor wintering ;^0

2."> I Chail cushion division boards 20

Half price without the chatf, and postage 5 and iic.
-0 i Candy for bees, can be fed at any season, peril). 17

20 I Corners, metal, per hundred 1 00

-5 I " " top only 125

-"I " " bottom, per hundred 75

On 1,000 or more a discount of 10 j)er cord, will be made,
and on 10,000 25 per c^-rd. The latter will be given to
those who advertise metal corner«xl frames.

001 Each.. .. 3»

it 1 The same all ready for t he chalT 15

\s wo purchase our cloth at wholesale, this fs perhaps
as ciieap as you can make tlw^ni.
Combs, empty worker in inet;d coniere<1 L. frames. 50

20

3 50

10
50
06
10
(^
1 00
150
50

10 Clasps for transfennng, package of 100

0 (.'ai"<ls, queen registeriiig, per doz

Cages "

2 Cheese cloth, for strainers, per yard

12 Uuck, for feeiiing and covering the frames — bees

do not bite it— per yd. (29 inches wide)

Extractors 88 50 to 10 CO

inside and gearing •• 5 00

I " wax.

7 I Feeders, 1 qH, tin, can be used without open-
I ing the hive, in warm weather— neat and

I simple

2.5 I The same, 6 qts, lo be used in upper story. . .

4 I Frames Avith Metal Corners

51 " Sample Rabbet and Clatpg

10 1 " Closed end Quinby, nailed

0 I Gleanings, Vol's I and II, each 75c., Vol IV

40 I Gearing for Extractor

20 I Gates, Honey, for Extractors

SIMPLICITY BEE- HIVE.

One story hive for extractor (botly 50c— 2 covers
<X>c— nailing and painting 20c— quilt 25c— 10 frames

60c— crating 10c) 2 25

One story hive lor comb honey is precisely the
same as the above, substituting 2 frames of sections

for 4 metal cornered frames 2 25

The above 16 sections will be fitted with fdrr., and
starters ready for the bees, for 15c, and the tin sepa-
rators added for 10c, making whole complete 2 50

The above two hives contain everything used in a 2
stoi-y hive. We simply U3e another body filled with frames
or sections.

For a 2 story hive for the extractor, add (to 1 story
2 25) body 50c — nailing and painting 10c— 6 frarpes
()("c— crating 5c, making complete 2 story coidaining

20 frames 3 50

For a 2 story hive for comb honey add (to 1 story
2 25) body 50e— nailing and painting 10c— 6 frames
of sections 78c— 1 metal cornered frame 6c— crating
6c, making complete 2 story containing 7 frames and

64 sections 3 75

If filled with fdn. starters 4Uc~if also fdled with tin
separators 30c, making §4 45, if two latter items are
wanted.

To prepare the above hives 'or winter, put in place of
the 2 outside frames chaff cushions, price 20c each, and
thick ones on top 30c.

I Chaff hive for out dook wintering, 10

fi'ames below, and 14 frames or 80 section

I boxes above, well painted and finished com-

I plete (Lawn hive Si more.) 55 00

These hives, if supplied with stores, will, we hope,
need no attention whatever, from the time honey
ceases until it comes again the next season.

0 I Knives. Honey 1 00

0 I Labels, Honey per 1000 3 25

0 I Litiiograph of A; iary 25

I Lamp, Nursery 5 00

0 I Lai vac, for queen re; ring, from June to Sept. 25

15 I Microscope. Compound 3 00

0 I Prepared objects for above, such as bees' wiflg.

sting, eye, foot, etc.. each , 25

0 I Medley of Bee-Keepers' Photo's, (150 Photo's) 1 00

0 I Magnilying Glase, Pocket 60

61 " " Double lens 100

I Muslin, Indian head, for quilts and cushions

j per yard 10

1 Parafine, for waxing barrels, per pound 2ft

0 1 Photo, of House Apiary 35

06 I Quilts 25

2 I Rabbets, Metal per foot 02

SECTION BOXES IN THE FLAT, PEE 1,000.

Any dimensions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 OO

The above is 50 cubic inches ; for larger sizes add 10c
}X3r 1,000 for each additional cubic inch or fraction of a»
inch, outside measure.

2x4,fi x4-'i , just ri.ght to tit in L. frames !) 50

These are put up in packages (of 64 each) contain-
ing just enough for a 2 story hive 6©

Sample by mail with fdn 6

If ttie ifrooving for holding the fdn. is omitted, 25c less
per 1,000.
10 I L. frame made 2 inches broad to hold 8 sections 5

30 The same with 8 sections 13

32 1 The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees 20

GLEANINGS IN BEE CTJLTURE.

Adding tin separators to either of the' above will in-
crease the price 5c. and the postatre 6c.
3 I Sheets of (Viick to keep the bees Iron* soiling

I or eatinp th^e cnishions 10

0^ Scissors, tor cllppitifr (pieen^s wiugr* 40

35 I Seed, Al si ke Clover, raised nearws, per li>.... 35
Ifvi Smoker, Qninby"!* „ j 50

5 I *' l)t)olittle's 25

20 1 " Slimmer Ka)>e. Sow in June and July, 15

01 " Chinese Mustard, ]>er oz. „ .. 25

•i I Tacks, Galvanized .1 10

3 I Thermometers ., 40

0 I Veils, Bee, with faee of Bntsseis net.^ (silk) ., 75

6 I The same, all of tarletan (almost as good).,. 50
5 I Wire Cloth, for Extractors, per foot . . 15

" ■* Queen Cages 15

All goods delivered on board the cars at prices named.
B^'We will pay §1.00 cash, for Vol. III. A. I. KOOT.

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT. ^

HONEY JARS !

One pound (square) jars, per gross gR DC

1'WO »>.'"« gj,l

2"*^ " " " flint glass per gross 8 50

Two " "■ " Ik .. .. _ _ jg 5<)

Corks for I and 2 pound jars 75

Tin foil caps, per gross 1 20

Labels " " , 75

A thousand labels address printed to order 5 ( 0

One (It. fruit jars, Mason's patent, per gross 17 m

Labels for same, '■• " (}5

A thousand labels address printed to order 4 00

Uncapping knives, as good as any.each .50

" ■ per dozen 4 50

Alsike clover seed, per bushel 13 50

" " " " peck 3,5(1"

" " " " pound 40

Catnip seed, per pound 0 50

'■ " " ounce.. 50

L.aiig-8tro<li Bee Hives,
Straw matj, bee vails etc., at reasonable rates.

Tor further particulars, address
7-12 CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, O.

350 Colonies Italian Bees.
1 to 3 Colonies, each - - - S9 00

6 to 10 'S50

10 to 25 - - . . . 8 00

50 to 100 - - . - . 7 75

Our bees are all healthy and free from foul brood, and
most of them have queens of last year's rearing. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed by express. We guarantee satisfaction
m all our transactions. Address

l-5d J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee, Kane Co., III.

Barnes' patent FOOT POWER
Machinery. Circular Saw.«, Seroll
Saws, Hand circulars. Rip Saws for
.general ripping. Lathes, etc. Tiiese
machines are especially adapted to
HIVE MAKIN'i. It will pav eveiy
bee keeper to send for our 48 page
illustriit"d catalogue.

W. F. & JOHN' BARNES.
Rocktord, Winnebago Co., III.

I have material for a few good Langstroth hives N>
spare, that I will sell cheap with or without bo-^os,
Id F. M. DICKINSON, Whitney's Point, N. Y.

■V7AKTED !

Help to assist in the bee bnsiness.
1 Address, K. WILKIN. San Buenaventura, Cal.

THR BEK-KKEPERS' MAGAZJIVE, an illus-
trated month)y journal of
32 octavo pages, devote" 3
cxchisivelv to bee-culture _
ited by Alkekt J. King.
containing contrflintion'-
froni Mrs. Ellen S. Tnppcr,.
and experienced bee-keeo-
ers in America and Eii-
ro|)e. A large space is fie-
voted to beginners, givinjc
useful information just
when it is most needpd throughout the year. Terms.
?1..50 per vear. The Bee-Keepers' Text-Book in Ger-
man or Enr/lish, and the Bee-Keepers' Magazine out-
year S1.70. A 04 page pamphlet (price 50c) containing
a beautiful life-like Chroiiio of Honey-Plaii'tM
and Italian Bee« in their natural colors, with pri/i-
of Mrs. Tupper, t^ueen rearing by M. Quinby. instru<-
tfon for beginners, etc.. sent free with the Maaazinc,
f n trial, 4 months for 50 cents. Agents wanted — cash
commission and permanent emnlovment. Address

A. J. KING & CO., (51 Hudson St.. N. V.

BOON'S "BEE WORLOT^

Established in 1873, by A. F. Moon, at Rone, Gfeorgia,

The Bee World ha-ifor its contributors the most pr;i(--
tical bee men in America ; besides, the editor, A. F. Mof)ti.
is one of the oldest and most experidncfd bee men n<>«'
living. The Bee World circulates in all the States of tb
Union, Great Britain, and Europe, amonir people of silS
piofessions, and intelligent business men arenerillv. It i>-'
one of the most reliable bee parsers in the Enslish )an-
guaire. A good advertising medium. Sf-nd stamp for sf>e<--
imen copy. $1 50 per annum. A'ldress

Itf A. F. MOON & CO., Rome, Georgi-J.

Adapted to all nectDOiiH of the Country.

NEW JERSEY AGRICULTURIST.

A Plain. Practical Journal (8 |iages) devoted to tli<'
interesis of the Farm, Garden and Household. Filiv
cents per year, postage paid. Sami>le copies on re
coipt of stamp. Agents wanted on liberal cash com-
mission. Hints for the month woith the subscriptio.j
pri<!e.

NEW JERSEY AGRICULTURIST,
Itf >.ew Brunswick, N. .1.

-British.

THE

B e e Jourri a I ^

Is a lar^-e, bfautifully printed, and profu-ieiy illu--
trateil MONTHLY: (Oeartvoe and line h^'avv pane-.

Itis conducted bv CIIARLKS NASH A 15150 TT. Ilia-
well, W., London, England. Annual suusoriptioii,
half-a.guinea.

We will send it with Gr.EANiNGS anil pay all postasrc
lor 32.50.

One copy one year Si (10, or with LithoKrapb of Api iry. si/.- 12.\15, mailed free, postpaid, §1 25, or Litho^'raph will be
sent as a premuiin for two Subscribers at .«! («) .^ach.
Any person obtaining' three Subscribers at SI 00 each, may retain 50e. for liis trouble.
' '• live '• •' " " 1 2", •■

ten " " " •' 4 00 "

Any number above ten will be sent at the rate of 60c. each.
Or, GLEANIN(4S, %l 00; three copies. $2 50; live, «3 75; ten ?(! 00.
Names may be sent at any time during the year, and 'whenever a club is reached, we will credit back the
amount previously sent us in excess of the club rates. In this way any of the

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as PREMIUMS.

Please mention when names are intended for clubs. An acknowledgement will bg sent iti all cisi\s on r^cMi.t ..
money— for any purpose whatever-by return mail. \ oliinics I and 11 at 75c. each, or Volume IV at Sl.OO mav -l.i-
counted oti the same terms, as we b;ive M . ■ "

Large SupiDlyof BACK NUMBERS Provided for new beginneis.

As we can not take the space in futiu'e numbers to go over the same amwvX a'-'iiin. and Volume I coulaiiis th.> onti;v
liindunental Principles and

Grronncl W oris for h^taiting an A^i^iarj^.

Now friends, is it not preity well (Jone ? Tlie grape vines show hanlly as much foliajie as we
r-^wAvw, ■*■'""''' •"'^■«i "i^»> '11 Jiilv weather, anu our anist has put the wires in nuher thickly, for we rtally
^^^^ \\<K h-it ;> I.etwt en the two posts. The saw dust also, around Xo. 2, rular n( eds patting <lown w iih
^5f ^ t'le fi»st pan, liui as sawdufet is rather hard to ••paint," we think he has douo pretty well. The

(^■^•s^.V---

_^=i>^ iaici^-(*-'^\r-

^0m

30

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Ffb.

SprinfT balance, Qiiinby and Doolittle smokers,
quart feeder, queeH ('aj;e and hone.v knife, we pre-
sume you all understand without explanation.
No. 3. is a transferrins clasp and shows the Way
in which it is put on the frame. No. 18. is intend-
ed for a jueeii care, but it certainly does not give
one a very vivid i lea of the article. No. 21 is also
.supposed to represent a bundle of the pieces cora-
posin'i: t'ne section box, but the idea is so "dim"
we shall have to ask you to look at the engraving
of a section box below, and iraasine 40 of the
pieces composing it, fastened together as a square
block. For further particulars, see page 43.

A beautiful article of alsike closer seed raised
near us, has just been brought in. that we can sell
.nt 25c per Ih., or 42c if sent by mail. We paid
$10,00 for the seed raised on 2 acres, to say noth-
ing of the honey obtained.

Jan. 30W»— 1388 subscribers. Thank you all.

If things do not always please you, don't com-
plain—^'j^s/ pray ! — Moody.

AXD THIS IS FRIEND MuTH'S APIAET. Just aS

sure as you are alive, he has the bees so well
tamed that they feel at home, and bring tine crops
of honey right into the heart of the city, and
away up to the top of kis store. He certainly is
not afraid of his bees, for if he should try to beat
a retreat, clear up there, he might make a mis-
step, and come down before the people on the
pavement expected him, and that would be such
a "jolt" that we fear eren he, with all his jolly
good nature, niiiht Hnd his equanimity disturbed.
Long may he live, to buy and sell honey, and to
make his customers ttlad by his prompt and ex-
emplary way of doing business; may his bees
also thrive, as they have in times past,' to the dis-
comtiture of all who pronounce "City bee-keep-
ing" only a myth.

Contents of this Number.

Muth's Apiary 30

Foul Brood, and Salycilic Acid 33, 36

Small Kegiiniings :«

Bee-moth, How do they live over Winter, etc 31

Sugar of Commerce, Is it adulterated ? 34

Mailing Queens in Winter 34

Section Boxes, how to Ship 34

Ventilation and Comb Building 3.t

Chaff Cushion Division Boards. 39, 35

Entrances half way up ;i5

The Best Hive, Jiist where to find it 35

Frames, Who can solve the Problem V 3B

Duolittle's System of raising Comb Honey 37

Starters of Natural Comb, How to Fasten 37

Bee Plants, When to sow the Seeds 37

Wintering entirely on Sugar 48, 38

Chaff Packing in Summer. 38

An Apiary of Common Bees— 200 Colonies.... 38

Amount Consumed in Winter 50, 38

Foundation, Why Bees sometimes refuse to use it 38

Straight Combs 30

Swarms, How to Hive Them 39

Increase Extraordinary 39

Swarming, Natural and Artificial 39

Bee Thieves, Remedy for 40

Frames of Ditterent Sizes in the same Apiary 40

Bees that will not Protect their Stores 40

Hiving a Swarm on One's Head 41

How to make Comb Foundations --AH about it 42, 41

IVames of Sections, Large versus Small 42

Simplicity Bee Hives, How to Make 43

Bees do Eat Grapes at times 42

Chaff as a Remedy for Spring Dwindling 44

Drone Comb, How to get it '. 44

270,000 Bees in 3 Months 4t

Brood Rearmg as early as Christmas 41

Closing Entrances in Winter 44

Starters of Drone Comb, How to get Larva; out of 44

Will it pay to buy an Extractor 45

Frame versus Box Hives 45

House Apiary, Will it pay to Build One V 4(i

Honey, Building up a Home Market for «»

Introducing Queens into the Honey Boxes 4*)

Italian vci sus Black Bees 46

Bees on the Prairie ; A Poem 46

Atre of Worker Bees 4t!

Winter Bee Houses, Keeping them Cool Hi

Honey, How to get from a Box Hive without

transferring 47

Moth, Eggs of. What are they like ? 47

Side and Top Storing Boxes, And why do Bees build

Comb Vpward? 47

Siij; ir for Wniterini; 48

Separators and no Separators 4.s

Poisoning Bees by Cheap Molasses 48

Section Boxes, Best Size and Shape 48

Straw Mats, and Ample Ventilation of Cellars 4!»

Fertile Workers— Don't want to Find Them 4!>

Extnacting, When to do it 1!>

Triangular Comb Guides a Waste of Time and Mosey 49

Quinby Smokers. Nut patented l!»

t)pening Hives Often, Is it Harmful ? 50

Handling Bees in the Cellar ,'M

Propolis and Simplicity Hives 5«»

Moving Bees Short Distances .50

Virgin Queens, Selling them ."j^

MUTH'S ADVERTISKMhN r. ^^

HONEY JARS !

One pound (square) jars, per gross ffi 00

Two " " " " 8 (0

One " " " flint glass per gross.... 8 50

Two " " " " •' '• 10 ,50

Corks for 1 and 2 pound jars 75

Tin foil caps, per gross 1 20

Labels '• •' 75

A thousand labels address printed to order 5 i o

One qt. fruit jars. Mason's patent, per gress 17 00

Labels for same, " " 65

A thousand labels address printed to order d 00

Uncapping knives, as good as an7,eaeh .50

•• " per dozen 4.50

Alsike clover seed, i)er bushel 13 50

peck 3.50

" " " " pound 40

('atnip seed, per pound 6 .50

" " ounce ,50

LiansTstroth Bee Hives,
Straw mats, bee vails etc., at reasonable rates.

For further particulars, address
7-12 CHAS. F. MUTH. Cincinnati, O.

Did you never see a
section iionet box 'i
r*. ji AVell, here is a picture ofj

l» "'• ^^^j^^ what we think a very iiif'*^'!™™™'!

one, and also a newly de-fflP»lllA
vised tool for cutting theilK-^ w
grooves, on a Foot Power"
!^^^^ Buzz-saw. If you will look on the
other side of this leaf, you will sew
how they are i>lnrod in and on the
hives. For prices of these boxes, sec l)iirk cover, and for
the tools, new price list of saws which we mail on appli-
cation. A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

31

TABLE OF PREMll'MS.

The first column is for those only, « 5
who send 5 or more names. t's

C S
Names 0/ Premium Articles. ^(v

Any of them sent post-paid on rec'pt of price.
1 — Lithograph of Apia ri/. Implements, etc. 25

'■I — Phiitograph of ihnine Apiary 25

■■i—"T/>at i^•<.s•('H^■■ Sofia and' Blue Eyes 25
^'t— Emerson's Binder J\ir (Jlkanings,

will tiold i'l'oliimes 5(

<> — " " better mtality 60

7 — Pocket Magn ifying Glass 60

S— First or secoml ]'«/«*«<• o/Glkanings.. 75
5) — Best quaJity Emerson's Binder for

Gleanikgs 75

10--I)(>i<bh' /xn.s- Mar/nifier.on 3 brass feet 1,00
l\~Phot<t MtdUii. Br, -JCeepers of Americal, 00
li— First ami .v<<v-;/</ To/. ((/"GlkaninGS. .1,50
V.i— Centennial Culjinet Clock; a pretty and\
accurate time piece, that will run even

irhen carried about, for only J2 00

M — A real Compound Microscope, beauti-
fully fini.shed. and packed with Imple-
ments in a Mahogany Bo.v 3,15

Nvmber

of Sub-

scribers

required

at or

at

75c.

1.00

5

2

5

2

5

2

6

3

3

7

3

8

1

8

4

i>

4

9

4

10

6

20

iiffoms m mi \m,

Having succeeded better tli.Tn ever in cur inii)orta-
tionf, we will be enabled to sell our

COLONIES and QUEEUS

Next spring, at greatly reduced prices,
lltr CH. DADANT & SON, Hamilton, 111.

CASH FOR BEES-WAX. ^

We are paying 20 cents per pound for yellow bees-
wax, in lots of from ."iO to 5, QUO or more pounds, deliv-
ered at Syracuse, or 31 cents, if exchanged for white
wax'. If you have any wax on hand, and can deliver
it at the above price, please.do so, and we will send
you our check on receipt of ihe same.

ECKERMAN & WILL.
7-7-"77 Wax-bleachers, Syracuse, N. Y.

Doolittle's Advertisement.

Having had many calls lor wares used in cur api-
ary, we have cor.cludcd to sell lor samples, as belosv ;
that our bee-keeping friends, if they desire, ninv have
a pattern to work by in making them.
Doolittle's improved Gallup hive with 3P boxes
:ir;d cases and wintering arrangement all

complete 56 25

.■Standard Gallup hive with 21 boxes and cases

all complete 3 25

The above are well painted, with tin roof,
.^nmple set o) cases with 21 boxes that will fit
any frame hive at top 14x20 (outside measure)

or larger 2 00

>aniple case with 3 boxes 40

.-^ample case with 2 boxes (by mail 16c extra) 35

Sample box ready to nail (by mail 3 cts. extra). . (3

IJoxeb by the 100 ready to use 2 50

lioxes by the 100 ready to nail 1 75

Tin tacks for fastening glass in honey boxes,
sample by mail r, cts. ; per 1(00, 40 cts. : per .5000,
:J.') cts. ; (by mail 8 cts. extra per 10(0);

Klock to nail boxes on (by mail 35c extra) 1 .50

niock to tin boxes on (by mail 25c extra) 50

Address, O. M. DOOLITTLE,
1--4 Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

Kvery Bee-keeper sbould subscribe for it.

The American Bee Journal

1> the host Kionlilk- and pniotical .Journal of APICUL-
TURE in the world. The most successful and experienced
.\piarian.s in Europe, as well a.s America, contribute to its
p.Msros. In fact, it is the oldest and largest Bee Paper in
tl.<' Knglii-h languaiic. *2. Per Anniim. Send a Stamp
lor a Sample Copy. Address TH(JM.\S G. NEWMAN
I' 184 Clark st., Chicago, 111.

f oiw6 feundafmu !

PURE BEES WAX.

Cut to any size desired.

PACKED IN NKAT W(K)DKN 150XES-PAPER BE-
TWEEN KVERY T\V( ► SII KE'fS. AT .'^l.(K) PER
POUND FOR TIIK WJilTK. OR 7.". CKNTS
PER POUND FOR THE YKLLOW.

IF WANTED UY MAIL. Aim 25 CEXT8 PER POUND FOR
PACKING BOXES AND POSTAGE.

]f takui in our regular packing boxe.", sheets 12xlS
inches, 10 per cent, off from alx)ve jirices on 10 pounds or
over.

Wax will be worked up to order, and cut into sheets of
any size desired, for 40 cents per pound.

We will pay .30 cents per pound cash for bright yellow
wax, or sell it for 32.

One pound of wax makes from 4 to 8 square feet of sur-
face. The thinnest will be used by the bees, but is not
made into comb as quickly as the heavier, which has a
greater depth of cell.

Sheets just rifht for L. frames both white and yellow,
kept constantly in stock ready for shipment ; also 'square
sheets for section boxes. About C of the former or SO of
the latter (enough for 1 Universal case) weigh 1 pound.

At above pi ices we can pay no freight or express charges
either way.

The onlj' wholesiile rates we can give is 10 per cent, off
from above rates on orders for 50 pounds or over, or 20
per cent, on 100 pounds or over.

Comb Foundation Machines.

Machines for making sheets 1 foot wide - $125 00
Expressly for L. frame, 9 Inches wide - 50 (0

For making 5 inches for section boxes - 30 00

The above prices are for cells 4}i or 5 to the inch.
If drone size is wanted, add S510, g5 and $3 respectively
to above prices. The machines are all ready for use,
and lull irstructions will be sent to each purchaser.
Address, A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

ITALIAN BEES^AKO QUEENS.

I can furnish tested queens for 82,00 each. Unwar-
ranted queens for Sl,0O each or 10 for 68,5(>. Xucleus

You cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said^
"Dear me what a bother — I must have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comes
and you can sit down happv, any time vou wish to find
any thing you may have previously seen even though
t were months ago.

Binders lor Gleanings (will hold thera for four
j'ears) gilt lettered, free bv mail for 50, 60, and 75c, ac-
cording to quality. For table of prices of Binders for
any Periodical, see Oct. No., Vol. 2. Send in your
orders. A. I. ROOT, Medina. O.

ClL,XJBBI]VO LIST.

We will send Gleanings—

With The American Bee Journal (S2.00) ?2..Mi

" The Bee Keeper's Magazine (1.50) 2.00

" The Bee World ( 1..50) 2.25

"• All three. Tb.e Bee Journals of America,. ..5.00

" British Bee Journal (?2,00) 2 £0

" American Agriculturist (fl.eO) ^2/25

" Prairie Farmer ($2.15) 2.90

" Rural New Yorker ($2.50) 3.25

" Scientific American (J3.2(i) .^.90

" Fiuit Recorder and CotUnge Gardener (61.00) 1.75
[Aleve rates include all Pottage.'}

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb

CHEAP HIVES.

Material for standard Laiigstroth Hives, Portico, 10
frames, beveled edse, bottom board and caps.
In lots of 5- each - - - - $1 OO

" " 10 '• yo

" •= 20 " 85

•' " 30 or over ----- 80

Sample Hive - - - - ' ^ .•^®

Two story hive and 21 frames furnished low. Material
for honey boxes cheap. Address

J. OATMAN & 00, Dundee, Kane Co., 111.
AVrite for circular. '--5d

BOOKS for BEE-KEEPERS and OTHERS.

[Any of these books will be forwarded by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.]

In buvins books, as every thins: else, we are liable to
(lisapi)o'intment if we make a purchase without seeina; the
article. Admittina; that the bookseller could read all the
books he offers, as he has them for sale it were hardly to
be expected he would be the one to mention all the faults,
as well as good things about a hook. I very much desire
that those who favor me with their patronage, shall not
be disappointed, and tlierefore, [ am going to ti-y to pre-
vent it by mentionuig all the faults so far as I can, that
the i)urchaser may know what he is getting. In the fol-
lowing list, books" that I approve I have marked with a ,
those 1 especially approve * * ; those that are not up to
times t ; books that contain but little matter for the pries
large type and much sjiico between the linos t ; foreign S.
These hand lx)olvs that tell us how to do things, not
only educate us, but they are often the very best invest-
ment that one ever mak'is, and the small amount they
cost, comes back many times every year if they are faith-
fullv read. When we get interested, is just the time to
read up a subject. We" hear of receipts for doing certain
things, being sold tor many times the cost of these books
that contain the same thing and ever so much more, and
often with illustrations fully explaining the work. I nev-
er spent happier hours than hi reading my poultry books
when 1 was a boy ; and while busy with my coops and
yards I not only avoided idleness and bad company but I
educated mv hands in the use of tools, as well as my
mind in the science of profit and loss. Parents if your
•children have anv taste for these useful pretty handbooks,
is it not a duty of yours to encourage it by judicious pur-
chases ?

BOOKS ESPECIALLY FOE BEE-KEEPEES.

Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee**t ^- 00

Quinby's Mysteries of Bee-keeping**t

Bee-keeper's Text Book*t muslin <•:'

" " '• " *t paper 'lO

A Manual of Bee-keeping, by John Hunter** 2.5

Manual of tha Apiary, by Prof. A.J. Cook* * 30

This, although small, is the only bocjk we have in Amer-
ica that is entirely up to the times ; the best for bogin-

How I Made .$350 a Year with my Bees* t§ 25

How to make Candy** ^0

Art of Saw-liling*t 7o

Lumberman's Hand Book*** l-:-

Fuller's Grape Culturist** i »0

MISCELLANEOUS HAND BOOKS.

Ten A cres Enough** 12?

Pive Acres too Much* * 1 50

Tim Bunker Papers* 1 50

An Ej:g Finn, Stoddard** 50

Window ( iardeiiing 1 50

Purdy's Sm;ill Fruit Instructor* '-5

How to I' se the Microscope 75

Play and Prottt in my Garden* 1 50

"Our Digestion," by UiD Lewis** 2 OO

Onion Culture* " 20

Potatoe Pests, by Prof. Riley ** 50

Practical Floriculture* 1 50

Gardining for Profit** 1 50

Strawberry Culturist, Fuller* 20

Small Fruit Culturist, Fuller* 50

Forest Tree Culturist, Fuller* 1 50

How to Build Hot- Houses, Leuchar§ 1 50

Draining for Profit and Health, Warring 1 .50

What I k now of Farming, Horace Greely 1 50

Injurious Insects, Prof. A. J. Cook*** 10

Scroll .sawing, Sorrento and Inlaid work *t 1 50

Moody's Best Tlioughts and Discourses *** 75

BOOKS TII.VT I HAVE NEVEE EXAMINEP, BIT TII.VT AEE
IN GOOD REPUTE.

Broom Corn and Brooms paper 50 cloth 75

Cider .Ma ker's Manual, Buist

Americ in Pomology, "Warder

Canary Birds paper 50 cloth 7.5

Farmer's Barn Book 1 50

Pear Culture, Fields 1 2.5

American Bird Fancier 30

American Weeds and Useful Plants 1 75

Bement's Rabbit Fancier 30

Bommer's Method of Making Manures 25

Burn's Architectural Di-awing Book 1 00

Burr's Vegetables of America 3 00

Cooked and Cooking Food for Domestic Animals. . . 20

Copley's Plahi and Ornamental Alphabets 3 CO

Dana's Muck Manual 1 25

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. . 5 OO

Gun. Rod, and Saddle 1 00

Harris on the Pig 1 50

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One 1 2.5

How to Use the Pistol 50

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy 1 25

Johnson's How Crops Feed 2 00

Johnson's How Crops Grow 2 00

Khpparts Wheat Plant 1 75

Leavitt's Facts About Peat 1 75

Mrs. Cornelius's Young Housekeeper's Friend 1 50

Phnnmer's Carpenters' ar.d Builder's Guide 1 OO

Skillful Housewife 75

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas 3 75

Cranberry Culture, White 1 '-■''

A Simple Flower G irdcn, Barnard 3S

Farming by Inches, Barnard -58

Gardening for Money " 150

My Ten Rod Farm " 3S

Strawberry G arden " 38

Carpentry .Made E isy. Bell 5 0!)

Fur, Fin, and Feather .50

Fish Cultuiv, (iarliek 1 50

How Plants Grow, Gray 1 25

Manu il of Botany and Lessons, Gray 3 0(»

School and Field Book of Botany, Gray 2 50

New Cook Book, Mrs. Hale 2 OO

My Farm of Edgewood 1 25

American Angler, Norris 5 50

Rliododendron<, Rand 1 5(»

Landscape Gardening, Downing 6 50

C4uenoii on Milch Cows 75

Sorgho, or the Northern Sugar Plant, Hedges 1 50

My Vineyard at Lakeview 1 "25

Shooting on the Wing 75

American Wheat Culturist, Todd 1 50

Cotton Planters' Manual, Turner 1 5<i

Practical Butter Book, Willard 1 00

You.att on the Hog 1 0l>

Youatt on Sheep 1 0(»

Garden Vegetables, Burr 2 50

Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, Downing 5 OO

Complete Works on Chemistry, Leibig 2 00

Gardening for Ladies, Loudon 2 00

Riley on the Mule 1 5ii

Flax Culture {seven prize essays practical growers) ."10

Poach Culture, Fulton's 1 50

How To Paint, Gardner 1 <>■>

Gregory On Cibbages. . . .paper -"^o

Gregory On Squashes paper ''<*

Gregory On Onions paper .'iO

Insects Injurious To Vegetation Plain, 81 00. .

With coloied plates, S(> 50

Gardening For Pleasure, Henderson 1 50

Hop Culture 30

Jenny June's Cook Book 1 50

Cotton Culture, Lyman 1 50

Manual Of PI ix Culture and Manufacture 25

Parsons On The Rose 1 50

Potatoe Culture, (prize essay) .... paper 25

Money In The Garden, Quinn 1 50

Pear Culture For Profit, Quinn 1 00

Manual On The Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P. Roe .50

Farm Implements And Machhiery, Thomas 1 50

Earth Closets. How To Make Them, Warring 1 00

Gardening For The South 2 00

Cr.anberry Cul ture 1 25

Practical I'oultrv Keeper, Wright 2 00

I'.'iii .\inl Its Uses 1 25

iUiUvs And Evergreens, Warder 1 .50

Book On Birds. Ilolden 25

Sort;hinn And Its Products 1 50

Taxidermist's Miinual 1 0»

Pnictiral Trout Culture 1 50

Farmiu'r For Boys 1 •'')0

Silk (irowcr's Guide ' 25

P.-vinter, ( Juilder and Varnisher 1 50

Mushroom Culture 3 00

The Farmer's Receipt Book 5 i

The Model Potato^ .50

Apple Culturist, Told 1 50

1 50 Willow Or Ozier Culture 25

3 00 Youman's Household Science 1 75

1 50

PEVOTEP TO BEEH ATSP UOIVEY, ATSTP HOJME INTEXIESTS.

A. I. ROOT, ^

Publislier and Proprietor,

Published montlily.

JVIediua, O.

; X:stal>lislied in 1873

rT£RITIS: $1.00 Per Annum in Ad-
•] vance; 3 Copies for $2.50; 5/or»3.76;

, (.10 or more, 60c. each. Single Number 10c.

Vol. V.

FEBRUARY 1, 1877.

No. 2

FROin ACROSS THE OCEAW.

fHAVE the pleasure to enclose you a £10 Bank of
Ergland note with which credit me and send at jour
earliest convenience, goods as follows ; * * * *
Thanks for the samjjlo of wax foundation, it far sur-
passes anything we have of English man ufacture, and I
hope to give it a fair trial next summer. It may interest
you to know that the extractor which took first prize at
our British Bee-keeper's show in September last was fitted
with 2/o?«>*fl'<'« )•«■«(/, one of the sets I had fr3m you— the
faucet also was yours. The other parts of the machine
were essentially the same as the prize extractor of 1875,
that of Mr. Cowan, a description of which I sent you last
year. I see you have noticed an article in the B. B. J.
September last on foul brood, a cure for which is recom-
mended in salicylic acid, the receipt says "Put 50 gramms
of the best salicylic acid etc." This in editorial brackets
is explained to be H. lb. I make it not quite \% oz.
Rather a serious mistake to make in the way of pre-
scribing. I fear the school master Pere is not abroad,
but at home. Had he have learned his French weights
and measures he could not have made this blunder, nor
have told us a few months back, August 1875, that the
price of honey in France was 130 francs the Kilometre !
nearly 110,000 yards ! Fancy selling honey by the mile!
This will beat your E-Dcky mountain story. I may add
that the sprinkling process described in the September
article as a cure for foul brood is perfectly useless ; from
experience I know it. I am sorry to learn your Centen-
nial Bee cultural Exhibition was a failure. We do not
find any dilficulty in getting together a good exhibition
yearly ; our trouble is in getting funds to support it, the
cost being about £150. John Hunter.

No.5 Eaton Rise. Ealing, England, Dec. 17th. 1876.

We are very glad indeed, friend Hunter, to
have earned your good opinion on the fdn., as
well as to hear our extractor gearing has been
of use as a pattern in England ; and still more
obliged are we to you for having pointed out
our errors. It would seem editors are all too
much in the habit of taking things for grant-
ed, instead of subjecting them to close scruti-
ny, and the result is that \vc often see gross
blunders going the rounds of exchanges.
JSTothing does us so much good as to have our
mistakes plainly pointed out in the kindly
way in whicli you have done it, and we really
have no excuse to offer, for a verification of
your statement is found in our "big diction-
ary," right at our elbow. As you remark,
getting up a good honey show, is quite an ex-
ptinsive operation, and we mus-t confess to be-
ing a little in doubt as to the expediency of

attempting very many such. At our county
fair, we made a very pretty show of founda-
tion, comb honey, etc., but to get everything
properly in place, and to get it back home
safely, was such a task that we half resolved
never to undertake it again.

^ ■»■ ^

SniAJLL, REGINHriBTOS.

fi STARTED last May with 5 colonies, 2 in movable
frames ; 3 I transferred, commencing May Ist, '75.
— ' Dr.

To 5 colonies bees , $37 0(1

"11 new hives and boxes 38 00

" 1 observatory glass hive 10 00

" 1 extractor 9 00

"Tools 4 OQ

" 4 Vol's Gleanings 3 50

§101 50

Ok.

By 14 colonies and hives $117 (10

" Glass observatory hive extra 6 OO

"Extractor 9 (jt>

" Tools 4 00

" 4 Vol's Gleanings 3 .M>

" 195 lbs. honey 42 00

181 50
101 Gl»

Xet profit on 5 stands bees except labor 880 0

Yield per hive, 39 lbs. honey, mostly comb; 16 dol-
lars each, would be about 200 per cent.

Of my 14 stands in Gallup hives, I put 6 in the cellar
and have 8 packed with fine hay iu boxes on summer
stands. They appear to be doing well, so far as i
know. My cellar is dry gravel, temperature about
40=^ ; they appear to be contented and do not incline
to get out of the hive, but keep up a low hum. Ought
they to be perfectly still ? Will it do to handle bees
in the cellar? I wish to know their condition; if]
smoke them it takes a long time to clear out the smoke
and makes the air bad. I have 3 weak swarms which
I wish to examine. I have but little ventilation ex-
cept the stairway. It is my first experience with
frame hives. X. A. Pkuuden.

Ann Arbor, Mich., Jan. 1st, 1877.

We have chosen to give a great many of
these reports of small beginnings, because
all that is reiiuired, is to do the same thing
on a larger scale when we get up to hun-
dreds. As we have abundant evidence that
overstocking is not the trouble, shall we not
have to conclude that the same care, is all
that is required V

u

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Fei5.

BEK MOTH, HOW D« THEV LIVE OVER

WlI^TKlt?

/P|^F late litllL' has been siiil about the bee-
'^^ moth, bnt it may be well to keep posted
in regard to its habits, especially, as it some-
times does imicli dainasje to combs that are
removed €rom the hive diirin.2 warm weather,
and thoiiirhtlessl}' allowed to lie close to each
other.

Wliat becomes of the moth miller or in other words
where do they come I'roni in the spring. I see that
some say the eggs in the comb? all get lillled l)y
b> freezing. I would lllvC to know this much anyhow ;
why the egg3 do not all freeze ? W.^i. St. Martz.

Moonshine, lils., Dec. 29th, 187(i.

The eggs, larva-, cocoons and all, if we are
correct, are entirely klled at a temperature of
about 10" notwithstanding the statements made
to the contrary. The bees keep a temperature
considerably above freezing, for quite a dis-
tance around the cluster, and it is in and
about these combs that the eggs are kept
over. In a community where all are good
bee-keepers, it would seem there would be lit-
tle chance for them to live over, and such is
indeed the case ; for in apiaries where all are
movable combs and Italians, it is sometimes
almost impossible to find a trace of them.
Friend Stanhope, of Pentwater, Mich., said
that he used to be greatly annoyed by their
presence in his comb honey, but since Italian-
izing; his bees, he has given up fumigating his
honey entirely, he so rarely finds a worm in a
honey box. I\Ir. Quinby, years ago advised
taking the bees away from their combs and
giving the combs a good freeze, that they
might be entirely cleansed from this old time
pest ; and before Italians, it certainly might
have been a wise undertaking. Bee. keepers of
the present day, should be ashamed of having
webs or moths seen about their premises. We
believe it has been pretty generally agreed,
that moths do little damage to empty combs
if they are placed an inch or two apart; and
our experience is that they only trouble combs,
that are nearly touching each other. Combs
that have been well frozen, we have never
found infested unless the miller had access to
them during warm weather, and we have kept
them two or more seasons in an empty box.

Si:«AK OF COMMERCE.

IS IT ADULTERAEli t

^iin^|DlTt)R GLEANINGS:— I notice an article going
j°pl,/|| the rounds of the papers, headed, "Poisoned Siig-
ars." The principle items of interest to bee-keep-
ers, are as follows :

"Adulteration and poison are tho order of the day.* * *
Almost all the refined sugars sold in this country are
poisoned in relining with chemicals to a greater or loss
extent.* * * Formerly sugar was relined with blood and
i)one dust, and was wliolesonic; but latterly the manu-
facturers have found that they can rcline cheaper liy the
use of alum, sulphate of zinc, sub-acetate of lead, etc.
Uompetitiou has compelled one firm after another to
rtdopt this n.odo or fail. Ths last company who continu-
(3d to rerin(; by the old process were driven iii'.o bank-
ruptcy a year or more ago. * * * The colfee sugars,
both while and brown, are much m n-o objectionable than
the cruslied and granulated, inasmuch as they produce
more imniedijte and acute sntTering to invalids. * * *

A wholesale m?rchant siys that ths saccharine matter
of this class of sugars is frequently so destroyed that they
stink when the barrels are opened. Therefore, when you
purchase sugar which fails to sweeten your tea or colTee.
beware; there is" death in the i)0l," in proportion to the
destruction of the saccharine matter."'

Now the above was written for the benefit of dyspeptics
and invalids, but may it not be that we have poisoned our
dear litto pets, the liees, by giving them nice colTee A sug-
ar for winter stores, and may not that account for the di-
verse reports from apiarians that have fed sugar? Some
may have procured sugar that was not poisoned in refin-
ing, and it may also account for the mortality in winter
and dwindling iu spring, that has lately visited apiaries
that were once healthy on .sugar stores.

Last spring, I was feeding my best stock of Italians so
as to rear drones early ; sudderly they had a most aijgra-
vated form cf dysentery, bees would crowd out of the hive
in the morning and being unable to fly or discharge their
faeces, would wallow in the dust awhile and die. I took
their sugar siores away from them, gave them sealed hon-
ey, and they soon recovered. iL.i Michenee.

Low Banks, Out. Can. Dec. 'J7.h, 187(5.
We are very much of the opinion that the
item is only one of the sensational ones that
are sure to be copied, if they once get started ;
and that the one who first wrote it, was pro-
bably a near relative of the fellow who started
the item about bees gathering 50 lbs. of honey
in a day. Have we among our readers, one
who is chemist enough to give xis the real
truth of all these surmises ? The "wholesale
merchant" quoted, certaiidy was not much
versed in chemistry, and his statement savors
strongly of interested motives.

MAIfvBIVfitlliaOEIVS B!V WI1VTE5C, BEES

FREB3'^n\c;, sEr'a'ii<r»>' b«»xes, hoiv

TO SHIP HOrVEV IN, ETC.

ON the 3d of this month (Dec.) I sent W. A.
) Douglass, O.ttord, Ohio, a queen by ruail as an

'~' expei'impnt. Slie arrived on the Gtli, alive, all
the workers dead but one, the queen died next day.
I did not get as many worker bees in the cage as I in-
tended, there were bnt 12 or 15 with her.

After the weather gets cold enough to recjuii-e lire
all tlie time in tho cars and oftices, it is safer to ship,
than say in May and October, when most of the time
no fire is kept except at night. I did not get my bees
here, put in the cellar till the IGth, and 21st, of Dec.
On the 9th, the temi>erature was down to 20 and 22
below zero. The eiiie* of the hives and some of the
combs were covered witli icre, even the carpets on top
of the frames were white with frost; and the hives
are full of honey, so that the bees are clustered in the
lower part of the combs. I think that from a pint to
a quart of bees to each Live were killed. On the 12th,
they had a good tly. I have hopes that I can keep
them in the cellar till April. I have 3 stocks out
doors, one in double cased hive, and two iu ordinary
hives as an experiment. Those in the cellar are
quiet and the temperature lias been 36" to 40'. 1 want
some section frames, will wait to see what you will
get up between this and spring. It seems to me you
do not make your frames heavy enough to shi)) honey
in. The Harbison iraaie has more wood than is
needed. T. G. McG.vw.

MonmiuUi, 111. Dec. 2Slh, 187L'.

Queens have before been mailed in winter,

but the trouble seems to be to care for them

after they arc received. If we have made no

mis'ake, a good covering of chill', will avoid

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

35

all losses resulting from bees freezing at the
outer edges of the cluster. Thosp we have
had well protected, seem to have lost almost
no bees at all.

Our thin section boxes, arc of course to be
shipped inside the frames just as they come
from the hives, and to support the bottom
bars of these frames during transit, we will
lay a ^^^ board on the bottom board that they
may rest on it as well as the rabbets. To
economize space in shipping, we can easily
make bottom boards that will reach clear up
to the frames. Perhaps no case can be
made so cheaply for shipping, as the Simplicity
hive in which the honey is stored ; they pack
together perfectly close, and yet have very
convenient handles for lifting them, both at
the sides and ends, and cost only 50c. when
finished and painted. The covers need not be
sent to market, for the tojis of the frames make
a complete cover when under shelter.

VENTILiATIOlV AND COMB Bmi.]DI]\G.

m

?[ for bees in this locality ; quantities of honey
and of excellent quality. By the by, we are
making a bee hive that "takes the rag ofl" the bush"
and "knocks the socks'' from everj-thing it comes in
competition with. Wc placed a few of them in diCTer-
ent apiaries last season and in ev£ry instance they
came off with first honors. Ono in the apiary of John
Mass, in which he put a second swarm by the side of
six Langstroth hives, produced more comb honey
than all the rest put together. W. A. Douglas put
young swarms in two; they tilled the lower set of
frames solid full, and made liini an average of 40 lbs.
of surplus honey besides ; how is that for young
swarms ? There is no patent on this hive and it can
be built for S3. 00. I started out with the idea that
thousands of bees had been ventilated to deatli and
kept that idea steadily in view. I first started with
the common box hive, changed to J^angstrcth, and
then bought a patent hive of a man by the name of
'•Brat" and Brat he was by nature as well as name.
Gave ?5.C0 for right of township. We don't begrudge
the money as wc got some good ideas from it, and
have made so many changes we don't think any of
the Brat family would know the hive now, and this is
the hive with which we expect to beat the world. If
it takes 100" of heat for bees to build comb it is no
wonder that so many hives of the country are fail-
ures, for it would take a half bushel of bees to get up
that temperature. Wc claim that a quart, or two
«iuart8 at most, can build comb in our hive, and comb
iioney is the only honey that will sell in our town
without putting the price down to that of molasses ;
hence the advantage of a hive for comb honey.

John R. Lee, Oxford, O. Jan. ."ath, 187G.
We feci pretty well satistied that one great
trouble in getting comlj honey, is having too
much draught through the liive, or having the
surplus receptacles protected by nothing but
thin vvooii. It is l)y no means necessary to
throw our hives away and get new ones, for
we can ])rotect any hive, or almost any kind
of honey boxes with the cliafi' cushions in
what seems to us to be the best manner im-
aginable.

CHAFF CUSHION JIIVISION BOAUDS.

Division boards, are a nuissance, as almost
every one has had occasion to feci, but the

chart' cushions can be handled, and tucked u[)
closely around the bees with such facility,
that it hardly seems a task. The Indian head
is much the cheaper material, but we fear tlie
bees may bite through it. Wc hardly think
they will be as likely to however, as with the
quilts, but if they do, wc shall have to adopt
the duck, which would make a very durable
article. To have them nice, a band should go
clear around, that the edge instead of being
sharp, may be square, making a shallow square
box as it were, of cloth, before the chatl" is put
in.

ENTRANCES.

In connection with close warm hives we
Avould remark that we have always had a
sort of preference for an entrance a few inches
above the bottom board, were it not seemingly
more difficult for the bees to clear out the hive.
This may be but a notion after all, for hiveH
well tilled with bees with entrances thus, keep
quite as clean as any. Quinby recom-
mends in his book, boring a hole in the front
of the hive, and gives as a reason that the
bees will quickly show which one they prefer.
Such an entrance would certainly do much to
keep the hive warm in early spring, for they
go out and in without even stepping on the
cold floor of the hive at all, and we confess
to having quite a fancy for seeing the bees go
in such an auger hole when busily laden with
pollen in the spring. After the season gets so
far advanced that they need a larger entrance,
the hive can be moved forward and those that
prefer the lower entrance, allowed to take it.
We are reminded here that our handles- ol"
rather the places cut in the Simplicity hives
to lift them by, will make beautiful entrances
if a hole is cut clear through with the point
of a knife. Lest friend Lee should think wi-.
had forgotten all about his hive, we will ask
him to tell us how it is made, and describe the
handles under another article.

THE BEST H1V£.

^^RIEND NOVICE:— Within the last few weeks I
jSfi have been traveling all over the country, not
^^' for pleasure only, although it has been very
pleasing to me, but to gain if possible important in-
formation on a certain point or question in bee cul-
ture wliich has not been tiilly seitled, viz: What hivf
■IS best for (/aihcring honey in boxes or small 2')acka(jes i
And now before I lorget it, let me say that I did not
travel by rail, but mostly by all the bee journals pub^
lished within the four or five years past. And per-
haps I ought to say that I am so constituted that it
gives me always the greatest pleasure to share with,
others any seeming good. Why, I am so singular ia
this regard, so made up, so to speak, that I really bo
lieve I enjoy a good hearty laugh better with friends,
than to go behind the barn and laugh alone !

But what has all this to do with that hive ? Did yon
find it ? Of course 1 did. The very first successful bee-
keeper I came to had it. It was an improved Lang-
stroth, and the gentleman claimed that it made it "so
veyij cowvenient a.n({yiii\ia\ so simple— so easy to ma-
nipulate that it left nothing to be desired," etc., etc.
Well, I found about .^0 diflerent styles of hive, more
or less, in my travels', and most of them were improved.
—all the way up to Quinby's, and thai was improved
too. In fact, I believe he improved it three times
himself. I have named my discovery "The Im-

36

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb.

PKOVED." I would have given it a more fanciful
narae, but I was afraid some of tliese patent-right-men
uiljtht come down on me like a nighthawk on a June
bug, for damages, for they have got all the handsome
names, yon know, and I don't feel f(uite sure that I
haven't stuck my foot in it now. I'd write it in Greek,
Just to balk 'em, only 1 don't know how. Siib rasa,
I have every winter for five years past, got up an /»;-
proved hive, have got one on the stocks this winter.

In the good old days of the scythe and snath, no
two would agree as to the hang of the thing. One
wanted Ms scythe to hang out, the other wanted it in,
nibs were too far apart or too near together, and so
On ; but when all the tinkering and fdiug was done,
the happy fellow cocked his snath on end, gave his
whetstone a clattering stroke on the scythe, which
mrant "you can't cut my corners," and away he went.

The above hardly needs an application. The man
who succeeds and likes his hive, has got the best one.
let him keep it, alter and tinker it as much as he
pleases, and be hajjpy ! Now friend Novice, as r have
iound one kind of hive for which so many have been
looking, suppose you get some one to look up the
"non-swarmer" hive. I am willing to liclj) with my
ddvice and— and moral support, but wouldn't put any
money in it ! Suppose you get that fellow who can
•stand a ladder on end and lean it against nothing,
climb to the top and haul the ladder up after him— let
him bring along his seven leagued boots, he'll need
"em bad— give him carfc blanche and have him start at
Once You'll see him back the first day in April, I
reckon, looking thinner than the man who dieted
himself on the broth of cod-fishes' tails for a month.
There, I feel better, unanimously !

FRAMES.

I have been cudgeling my brains to find out a way
Qf placing frames in the hive otherwise than by hang-
ing by ends of top bars. I want them without ears or
projectii ns of any luml—traitt them for end and top
gathering hives. Of course the frames will be open
and with the side to the entrance. I know of Mr.
Quinby'3 way, but can not something be devised bet-
ter? They should be so arranged that when top
boxes arc oil', the frames can be removed the same as
the hanging frames. Is there such a frame ? Who
<ian tell ? If there is not, some one ought to immor-
talize himself with Langstroth by inventing one.
Let us hear all about it through Gleanings.

11. H. Mellen, Amboy, Ills., Jan. 9th, 1S77.
We have puzzled our brains over the same
problem in regard to frames, especially when
we wanted to take out the lower frames from
our chaff hive, without removing all the upper
Oues. There are ways of doing it, but all, so
far, are too complicated and expensive.

[From the Biencn Zeitanf/, Ililbert, author.]

THE CURE OF FOBJE R^iitttt BY MEANS
OF SAL,ICYL,IC ACID.

IsrfJJ NCLOSE D is a translation of a German essay on
./Oa'lj Srilicylic acid, which has made some stir in
European bee circles. I will send you another
goon, on milk syrup as a substitute for pollen in the
i?pring. I think your readers will like to know what
subjects are engaging attention over here.

J. r. Jackson.

Percy House, Tottenham, London, Jan. id, '77.

The question which I shall consider in this essay is:
*-Oan any system of curing iulected stocks be sirapli-
licd without endangering its succoss ?" The mode of
treatment f advised at our last Congress was as fol-

lows : Put 2 oz. of crystalized salicylic acid into a
bottle containing 1 lb. (8 times tlie amount by weight)
of spirits of wine and after shaking it well up, cork
the bottle and put this "salicylic-spirit" away for use
as required. Confine the stock to be operated upon
to very few frames, (joining several stocks, if they are
not strong) then spray tlie bees, combs and hive with
a solution of 28 drops of the salicylic-spirit to every
oiTnce of water, taking care that the water is warm,
(00—5)0° Fahrenheit) and the spirits well mixed with
it. Then go over the combs and dip to the bottom
of each diseased cell a very small wooden spoon,
filling it each time with a solution of spirit and warm
water in ecjual proportions. This proceeding should
be repeated every week, till a cure is effected, not
omitting now and then of an evening to spray all
alighting boards in the apiary with the weak solu-
tion. The stock should also be fed with disinfect-
ing honey or sugar syrup, in the proportion of 30— 50
drops of the spirit to each gill of syrup.

I now recommend a simplified method, which I will
call the "hospital cure." By adoiiting it, the above
use of the spoon is no longer necessary, except in
such case as, the following instructions having been
adopted, the bees should leave single cells nn-
cleansed. This treatment liowever should only be
pursued in preference to the flrtt when the stocks
to be operated upon are strong in bees.

Take all the brood combs, with sufficient young
bees to cover and nurture the brood, from the in-
fecteil stocks, and place in an empty hive ; it will
take the brood of 3 to 6 stocks to fill one of these
"hospital hives.'' The latter and also the original
stocks should now be thoroughly sprayed with the
weak solution and they should be fed with the dis- .
infecting syrup. If the original stocks contain combs
of honey, they should be removed and after being well
disinfected may safely be given to healthy hives.
The spraying to be repeated at least every 3 days
and the food administered daily. As these hospital
hives do not possess a queen, the bees have not a
constant fresh growth of brood to attend to, but the
thousands of young bees, which daily emerge have
only to care for the original brood and to clean out
the infected cells. This cleansing of the cells may
be quietly waited for and only if after about a week,
single capped foid-broody cells are to be seen here
and there, should the bees be assisted witli the
spoon after the manner already detailed.

V>'hen the brood is at last quite liealthy again,
that is to say, when no more foul-broody cells ap-
pear, it can be left to tlie bee-master whether he
will give the hospital hive a queen, will let it swarm,
or will give back the brood that is not yet emerged,
to the original stocks.

It has occurred within my experience that the
queen of a foul-broody hive, from being fed with
the juices of dead larv:e has become so permeated
with the virus, that even her eggs have contained
micrococci, the germs of the disease. In such a case
the best course to pursue is to destroy the queen
and replace her by a healthy one.

It will save considerable fatigue if you obtain at a
chemist's a spray-difl'user fitted with an India-rub-
ber ball which on being i)ressed supplies the wind,
which would otherwise have to be produced by the
lungs.

Thymol in tlic proportion of 31 drops of the spirit
to 2 oz. of warm water may be used externally in
place of salicylic acid, but it must on no account
bo given internally.

1 have also tried carbolic acid, but fmd il 'a of no

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

use, and the bees have such an abliorrcnce of its
smell that they always abandon the hive on which
it lias been used.

It must not be considered that the method 1 have
here detailed is only theoretical, for it has been put
to the test by our leading apiarians and I'ound uni-
formly euccessCul ; in Tact I do not hesitate to af-
firm, that if these instructions be conscientiously
I'ollowed, a perfect cure will be tlie result.

l>OOI.ITTI.E'S S^SrEITI OF KAI$:ING
COiTIB lIOI>[i:\.

Continncd from last month.

ff-E will suppose your boxes are all made
^\ll aud put into the cases, tin separators
nailed on, and all ready for the hives except
the starters. Friend 1)., as yoii know, is in-
clined to prefer starters of natural comb, and
he tells you liow to get a supply of these, on
page 29(5, Dec. No. Take your nice white
comb and cut it into strips 3 inches wide ;
then cut these ou an angle so that you will
have pieces about triangular. This shape
seems to be just about as the bees like them
best, and they are less liable to get broken,
having a long surface to be waxed to the top
bar of the section. When you have enough of
these starters ready, you are to get two pieces
of J.J inch round iron about 2 feet long, bent
and flattened at each end. One of these is to
be heating, while we are using the other. As
friend D. knows by experience just how these
are to be made, we suggest that he put them
in his price list. Lay your case with the 2
boxes in it on the table before you, and hold
your piece of com!} on the top bar — top bar is
downward — and then slide the thin blade of
the hot iron between the starter and the top
bar, and as you draw it back quickly, set the
comb down just where you want it, and it is a
fixture. Now this is not all, for if you want
the bees to get to work at once, you 7m!st put
a starter that will nearly fill the section, in
one of the central boxes to every hive. If you
forget all about this part of it, you do not de-
serve success.

We do, not remember whether Mr. D. puts
the first boxes on the top or at the sides, but
we would advise putting on the side boxes
first, especially if we w&re going to get them
to make a start during fruit blooni^ for we
could thus avoid removing the top covering
until they commenced bringing in the honey
quite briskly. If a colony is small, and does
not build up to a full one before the season is
almost gone, the\' can put what honey they do
get in these side boxes, and they will furnish
just as nice an article, as the ones that do so
much. When they get once started, be sure
they have all the room they want, and to this
end, friend D. removes every box as soon as it
is finished. The top boxes and those on the
sides, are of course just alike, as are the frames
that hold them. It will be recollected that the I
latter had short projections on the top bars ;
well, when they are used for side storing, they
hang on rabbets similar to those for the large
frames, but these rabbets, are so as to allow
the lower tier to come within '^ inch of the
bottom board. The set above those rests on
nails that are driven part way into the tops of

all the top bars. This is to avoid crushing
bees when one set is placed on the lower ones.
We will suppose you have your boxes ai)
filled and stored away, and are thinking about
a market. Glass a few boxes, and take them
to your nearest good city market, and make a
bargain for your whole crop. When there,
buy your glass, glass your honey, dt liver it
j'ourself, and get your money. The great«-st
expense of your package, is your glass, and by
managing as we have mentioned, you can get
the money you have paid for it back in less
than a week. To have the boxes nice, the
glass must be an exact fit between the up-
rights, but it may vary a little th'.' other way.
On this account, you had better* purchase it in
long strips aud cut it yourself, of a width to
go between the uprights.

BEE BOTANY AND ENTOMOLOGY.

5r\ '^aR. A. Fahncstock, of Toledo, O., desires to know

•■' when, liow, and how much of the fol-
lowing honey plants: black mustard, boragtj,
mignonette and rape, I would sow to the acre. All of
these plants except rape and all others except clo-
vers would plant in drills. We must keep out the
weeds, which is done at too great expense if sown
broad cast. I should 2>refer to have all plants in
drills. I would plant black mustard, borage, mig-
nonette, and let me add Cleome integrifolia (Rocky
mountain bee plant) the middle of May. Rape from
middle to last of June. Black mustard 10 lus. to acrq.
Borage, I should plant in drills a foot at least apart—
two feet would be better— and should want a plant
every three or four inches. I don't know as to quan-
tity. I should suppose 1 lb. of mignonette would
plant an acre, the seeds are very small. I am not-
sure as to amount. Rape, two quarts to acre.

A. J. Cook.

Agricultural College, Lansing, Mich., Jan. 10, '77.

The same question propounded to our seeds-
men of Cleveland, brought the following reply.

Black mustard, summer rape and mignonette should
be sown early in the spring as soon as the ground can
be worked, at the rate of S to 12 lbs. to the acre, broad-
cast. Borage being of a strong vigorous pyramidal
growth we think would be better in drills about 1 by
>j foot apart, at which distance 4 to .5 lbs. would plant
an acre ; one planting would answer for several years
for although borage is an anual it will seed itself and
appear year after year. We have not sown any for at
least two years and yet we have not been a siuglo
year witliout fine specimens on our grounds, which
when they come in suitable spots we permit to stand
for tlieir beauty as well as their usefulness. Borage
and mignonette continue in bloom longer than jbus-
tard or rape. Mignonette will bloom from July until
very late in the autumn, slight frosts do not affect it.
Bees work on mignonette but whether lor honey or
pollen are not prei)ared to say, not having taken iuf-
licient observation ; there is no doubt however about
borage, which seems to be visited only lor honej'.

There is one class ot plants we have never seen
mentioned as bee or honey plants, and yet they con-
tain large amounts of the purest honey ; this ia the
family of Aquihyias, commonly called columbine,
very hardy perennials, the roots of which remain in
the ground for many years constantly increasing In
vigor. SiAiit & Kendel.

Cleveland, Ohio, Jan. 17th, 1877.

Kruschke Bros., in their little book on rape
culture, advised o lbs. to the acre, and that it
be sown from the 20th of June, to July 1st.
See page 79, Vol. III.

38

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb.

WINTEUING ElVTIREIvY ON SlICiAR,

CHAFF PACK11V«, ANU CHAFF IN

SUOTMEK.

f||HB fall of 1872 found me a tyro in the bee business
■with several good colonies and a few which were

— short in everything. The queens in two of the
poorest colonies cost $5.00 each, and I was particularlj-
interested in them. What shall I feed was the first ques-
tion which presented itself. And after searching Quin-
by's book, King's book. The Bee-keepers' Journal, and
iiSkinn a number of old bee-keepers, the question was not
satisfactorily answered. All agreed that sugar syrup was
;!■ leood feed for spring ; one said "may be used sparingly
ih the fall ; " no one said that bees coidd be wintered on
it. 1 had no honey and could not buy any near home, so
I gave them plenty of syrup in October. And when done
feeding, the hives were a little more than half full of
("cmb, with nearly every cell full of syrup.

"Where shall I winter? was the next question in order.
Something which 1 read led me to consider the subject of
outdoor wintering with protection, and resulted in my
lacking seven colonies in dry goods boxes. The two col-
onies referred to above were packed in a 10 bushel box,
the packing being a mixture of broken straw and chalT.
Tiie bottoms were tlioroughly protected, and there was
itbout four inches of packing at the ends, with six inches
at the sides. The tojjs of the frames were open and cov-
ered with a thin clotli and two inches of the packing — the
lid of the box fitting closely on top. The only opening at
the bottom was a X inch auger liole. The box was placed
\o inclies from the ground and thoroughly roofed so as to
protect all parts from rain. Warm days were rather
scarce during the winter of 72-3, the bees in these two
(■«)lonies flying but three times from the latter part of
JCov. to the middle of March ; and they were stirred up
lit these times by my opening the hives at the top to see
if they were alive. I have been particular in describing
tlie packing of these two colonies for the reason that the
renulls were fully as satisfactory as with any plan wliich

I have tried. In one dry goods box that two low hives
were packed in during that winter, tliere was a space of
>? or 10 inches between the lid and the packing ; and one
day when the mercury stood at 12° above on the outside
it stood at 21" above in the inside after the lid had been
i)n fifteen minutes.

AMOUNT CONSUJIED IN WINTEE.

In the fall of '73 two hives which were weighed Oct. C.
packed Nov. 7th, and unpacked and weighed March 27th,
'7t lost 13 K lbs. and li lbs. ; three hives weighed Oct. 6th
packed Nov. 3d, and unpacked and weighed Mar. 20th,
lost 9)^ lbs, 9K and lOj^ lbs ; two hives weighed and
packed Oct- 30th, and unpacked and weiglied Mar. 30th,
lost 8 lbs. and 10 lbs. Bees Hew frequently that winter,
the coldest day being 8" to 12° above zero. During the
winter of '71-5 I had 17 colonies packed— lost two queens,
t^ast winter I had 8 colonies packed— let one starve, lost
two queens— unpacked three in May and left i packed all
summer.

My hives were all well shaded and most of them had
(ipenings 3^x10 itK^hes yet the four colonies whicli were
packed in a close box with an opening ?4x3 inches t) each
iiive seemed to be as little affected by the heat as the
others. These four worked as well and seemed a little
loss inclined to swarm than the others. My experiments
in this packing business hav(f iiroven only one thing to
ruy entire satisfaction, and that is just this, that to use a
common liivo, pack it in a box for win I or and take it
Out in summer is loo much like work. 1 have mostly un-
packed too soon in the s|>i'iui; and the tops of the frames
have been c()Von^d with a coMon quilt which is probably
not as good as a, cli;iir cusliion. One coloiiy that was xm-
pucked in May g:ive the best results last summer, but one
1 hat wintered on its summer stand was nearly ais good.
And several colonies which wiiUored on summer staiuls
gave better results than some that were ciirefully pncked.

R. M. Ret.volbs, East Springfield, O. Jan. 10th, 1877.

Aar APIARY OF COITIMON BEES.

200 COLONIES OF BLACKS.

lE^iNCLOSED please find subscription
S^jij I would not do without it if the pric

m

to Gleanings.
price was $10.00 a
year. I have almost been tempted to visit you in
order that I might once in my life see a genuine bee man,
such a person I have never seen neither have I seen an
Italian bee or section box. I got 1 lb. of your fdn. last
spring and was not long in proving it a failure. I was
very sorry it was so for I am so bothered to get dry comb
for starters. I did not send in bill as you directed as I
was perfectly satisfied to bear part of the expense of such
experiments, and now I expect to send for some of youi'
improved article on the strength of published recom-
mend.ttions, but if the bees refuse to use it you must ex-
pect some big words. Last .season was the worst I ever
knew hero, yet I have two tons of nice box honey, and for
next year I have 200 strong colonies divided in three
apiaries. I commenced with the "Bay state" hive and
have 50, but they did not meet my reiuiiemcnts and I
made one similar to the American ; they do right well,
but now I have another contrived up to make this win-
ter, which is like many others "The very best." It is
something like the Deacon's one horse shay. I do not in-
tend to Lave it patented, nor shall I publish its qualities
until I know they in reality exist. I will give you my
views if you will act as judire of their merits. The object
of this hive is, ample room for boxes, frames easily taken
out for extracting, and wintering out doors on the stands.
It is not a non swanner, yet the No. of hives in an apiary
never increases. J. F. Callbreath.

White Lake. N. Y. Dec. 20th, 1876.

Thanks for your kind but plainly spoken
words, friend 0. Altliough we may merit the
title of "bee man," we feel we should hardly be
equal to the task of getting 2 tons of honey,
from your apiary of common bees. Had yoii
told us your number in the spring, we might
judge better. Should you piy us that visit,
please do not be disappointed, if you find us so
busy at times, as to be hardly sociable. In
regard to hives, we have decided to let the
people be the judge; if they refuse to pay for
large and complicated structures, preferring
the low priced Simplicity hive, we have con-
cluded they know best what they want. You
liave aroused our curiosity in regard to a hive
that will prevetit increase, and yet is not a
non s warmer ; please tell us more about it.

FODarWATION, "WHY REES SOMETIMES
REFUSE TO USE IT.

flj'HIS has been a puzzling question, espec-
I ially a.s our bees so readily commenced

work on the paralline, and all the various mix-
tures witli which we experimented. On think-
ing it over, v/e remembered that on one occa-
sion, we had some small cakes of white wax
sent us as samples, which remained so long in
the hives untouched that we made enquiry of
those who rolled it. At lirst they said it had
no diflerent treatment, but Anally admitted
that a much larger quantity of soap was used
than usual, to prevent its sticking to the rolls.
We thoroughly washed one of the pieces, and
it was worked out without trouble. If it was
the soap that induced the bees to refuse to
work on some we sent out last season, our
patrons may rest assured we shall try to avoid
such troubles in future. When a thing works
beautifully with our bees, wc feel we are excu-
sable in oilering it with confidence to others;
still, wc are anxious to have al! adverse re-
ports sent in.

1S7T

GLEANINGS IN BEE CUETUHE.

39

»$'rKAi(;ii'r coivibs, etc.

i^-.E are asked to jiivc an article on securing
combs built true in irauies. To have all our
combs built true in tlie frames so tliat each
comb is as straight as a board is certainly somi^thing
wortli working lor to tliose who ever handle their
Iramcs, and we here make the assertion and care not
who sajs to the contrary, that by u judicious hand-
ling of the frames in eacli hive one-third more honey
can be obtained tlian by letting them alone, a la Hel-
tlon. We use a wax guide secured by means oi a
straight edge as given on page 12, Vol. II, as a start-
ing point toward straight comb Ijiit can not depend
entirely ui)on it nor any otlier guiiie we ever saw, for
bees are sometimes verj' obstinate and will build
crooked combs if they do not go direct across tlie
frames. Conscnuently it pays any apiarian to look at
each stock hived on empty Iraraes while building
comb, as often as once in 3 days. If any co-ubs are
found going wrong they can be bent back in line very
easily and after a hive is once tilled they are good for
a long time, as we never saw one we would discard
on account of age.

SW AKMS, HOW TO HIVK THEM.

As the readers of Gleanings are aware wc prefer
natural swarms to artificial, we will give our manage-
ment of anew swarm. As all our queens' wings are
clipped we hive them by letting them return, previ-
ously moving the old stock to a new location and set-
ting tlie new hive containing the full number (9) of
frames in its place. In two days we open said hive
and usuall3' find the bees have made a start in n
frames.

DIVISION BOAKDS, UTILITY OF.

These 5 frames we place together at one side of the
hive and a division board is placed next. This throws
the full force of bees on these frames and they will
soon fill them with straight worker comb, as a gener-
al rule. If you get these 5 built straight you will have
no trouble in getting the rest so, as they can build
them no other waj- if placed between two of those
already built. If every comb is a straight comb and
all worker, such a swarm will be a profitable one or a

"LUCKY SWARM"

as it used to be termed. If you get the hive in the
right lorm and attend to the building of the comb tlie
first season, you will have all profitable swarms. No
apiarian, if he has no more than 3 or 4 stocks should
consider a swarm in proper working order until each
conjb is a straight worker comb. There is no need of
having hives hall full of drone comb and so crooked
that they can not be handed. Do things at the right
time and in a proper manner and your bees will more
than pay you for all the time si)ent on them.

We want it understood tliat we do not claim that
the hive we use is the best, by any means, but the
method of getting comb built is correct. Suppose a
large swarm comes out when basswood is in bloom
and you hive them without payin;; any farther atten-
tion to them ; they will buiUl cotnb very rapidly, fill-
ing their hive in 8 or 10 days as we have known them
to do, and their combs will be (luile apt t-) be crooked
and at least one-third drone or store comb whicli is
500<1 for nothing for raising workers the next season,
and Is'an actual damage, as the drones will consume
a great part of what the workers gather. Such
swarms will be unprofitable ones either for raising
bees or for storing honey just so long as you keep the
comb in that condition. Again, by tl.e use of the di-
vision boards we keep all stocks strong a3 far they go
in the spring, and a stock that can keep two combs
full of brood and covered v.iih bees is a perfect swarm

to all inients and jjui poses. Such a stock will store
just as much box honey according to their numbers aw
a larger one ami will send double the number ol bees
into the Held tliat they would if scattered over 5 or fi
combs. Tills economizing all the animal heat is not
mere theory but can be proved in '24 hours at any time
in May or June. Taki; one o; these small swarms at
night, remove the division board and move the t«0
frames bees and all into the center of tlie liive, and
the following day nearly all tlie bees will 6ta> at home
to kee)) up the necessary temperature. Place them
back at night as before, a<lju8t the division board and
the next day they are ready to go to work again, and
you will find the (pieen can and will deposit eggs
whenever there is empty comb. When these two
combs become crowded with bees we always put an
empty comb or an empty frame for them to fill, be-
tween them. By so doing when the hive is full every
comb is occupied with brood and all the eggs instead
of being laid on the outside of the cluster are where
they should be, in the cluster.

If any person expects to realize a large income
from his bees and never look after their condition
(simply hive them and put on boxes) he will find him-
self greatly mistaken. How many that read this
know the exact condition of their bees at all times V
If you do not my friend you are not caring for them
as well as you would for your cow or horse, neither
c,an you expect any more profit from them than you
would from a cow or horse if you never looked after
it. liee-keeping only pays when our pets are i)roper-
ly cared for, and if anyone can not spend the amount
of time on them they require he had better keep out
of the business for sooner or later he will turn away
from it in disgust. G. M. Doolittlk.

Borodino, N. Y., Jan. 2d, 1870.

The above is our idea exactlj', and the best
and handiest division boards we ever used, are
the cliaff cushions. Friend D. omitted to say
what he did with the clipped (lueeii durinjr
swarming; our plan has been to ca<re her and
leave her near the entrance until the bees
come back, then let her go in with the rest.

INCREASE EXTBlAORl>I>fA55Y; SWAR:»I-

I1V«, INATlIltAf. AIVI* AK'I'IFJCIAI.,

WHICH IS LEAST TROUBLE;

SQUARE HONEY TUMBEEatS.

^J NOTICE ill the Oct. No. of Gleanings that friend
HI Jeremy Lake of North Easton, Mass. wonders if any
— ' one can name a case in the north when first swarm
sent out a second one. I gave 52-00 for a small svvarm
(not more than a quart) some time in June, and put theni
in a hive with but about half a frame full of empty comb. .
They sent out 5 good sized natural swarms before the last
of July and gave over .'50 lbs. of surplus hoi^ey, besides
furnishing combs of brood for several young swarms.
They are all in fine condiition. Have just bargained 3 of
them for a fresh milch cow. "How high ish dat ?'' Our
bees all appear in good shape so far. Geo. B. Peters say.v
in Nov. No. page 2t!H that he can hive a half dozen natur-
al swarms while he is making one artificial one. That
being the case he must have a slow bungling way of mak-
ing artificial ones. How I'd enjoy a race with him !

I too would like to know where the square jell.v or hon-
ey tumbler with slide cover can be bought. They are
very nice.

How any one can dislike your metal corners is a mys-
tery to me. Let your Sharpville correspondent state his
objection. Having a great many honey boxes to make f3r
myself and others I would as'i you nhaut what you
would charge rae ])er hundred for li^lit frtii. suitable for

40

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb.

.surplus, cut ill triangular pieces about three inches each
side ? J. M. GOEMLET, Gary, O. Dec. 30th, 187G.

The increase mentioned, is another of the
wonderful and almost incredible ones we have
had reported this season, and they are all very
easy to account for, with a very prolific queen,
and a continued yield of honey for months at
a time, as we had it here. Onr young friends,
should be careful about making calculations
On such seasons as a rule ; make up your
minds to be content with 50 lbs. of honey
from each old one, and then do better if you
can.

It may be a little difficult to decide which of
the two methods of making swarms is the
least trouble, and much will depend on cir-
cumstances. If we adopt the plan given by
Doolittle in this number, we have only to
move the colony away as soon as a swarm is-
sues, put our new hive in its place, and the
work is done without even opening a hive at
all. This of course presupposes the queen's
wing to be clipped, and that we find her with-
out trouble. Can anything be simpler? On
the other hand, if the owner is usually absent
in the middle of the day, it may be much eas-
ier for him to remove a couple of frames of
brood to a new hive before breakfast, and then
help them a little more when their queen be-
gins to lay. Reader which will be easiest for
you? With the latter plan, all new stocks
can be easily reared from an imported or
Choice queen, but with natural swarming we
shall have hybrids and blacks all mixed up
unless we first get all stocks all about us pure
— almo,st an impossibility at the present time.
Who will send us the address of a manufac-
turer or dealer, in the square tumblers ? Per-
haps Muth, could add them to his list profit-
ably. We can furnish fdn. in triangular
pieces, 3 inches on a side, for % cent each.

P. S.— Since reading the above our attention
has been called to the fact that this enormous
increase mentioned, was all from a quart of
bees, and in a period of less than 8 weeks.
Friend G., we fear we shall have to suppose a
heavy swarm of bees must have gone into this
(jolony — by no meats an unusual occurrence
—at some time without your being aware of
it. Full 21 days must elapse before a single
bee can be hatched in any swarm put into a
new hive even if they were furnished with
empty combs, and meanwhile the quart of
bees would go down to considerably less than
that number. If five swarms issued, the first
must have come out ten days or two weeks
before the last of July, and at this rate, our
poor queen with her few bees would have to
perform feats of brood rearing in a few days,
that even Doolittle, would consider impossible.
If we are in error anywhere, we should be
glad to be corrected.

-a»^i»i ^

BEE THBEVES, KEMfEDV FOR.

Sij?i WISH you ii "Merry Uhrislinas," )'i'len<l Root, and
Jl enclose * * * though you will have to set me
— ^ down aniong the '-niasted Hopes" as well as
"blasted thicveB.'- I can kill the king birds, spiders,
.ints, carry off the toads and light the worms, but the
hftsty thieves, they come in the night and are gone in
the motnins; with your bott boxes or hives of honey.
I wa? preparing to winter my bees (20 swarms) od

their summer stands, packed as usual in sawdust, but
the thieves sent them down cellar, where they now
are. I am building a house to put my bees in as soon
as we have a warm spell. My former experience
does not dispose me favorably toward bee houses, but
it is bee house or quit, as I can't afford to teetl thieves
on honey. As yon seem to have the chaff fever rather
strong, I will suggest that you put the 3 inch box
under your hives as J. P. Moore directs, but fill the
box with coarse shavings up to the combs. These
keep the bees off the cold wet bottom and give a good
passage to the middle of the hive. I lost one, and in-
jured three more, winter before last, by neglecting to
do so. N. Case, Toledo, Ohio.

It will pay with only a few stocks, to make
a tight board fence all round your apiary, as
much as eight feet high if possible, and if your
dwelling is arranged so as to open into this
yard, it makes rather close quarters for thieves.
It requires a pretty strong inducement for
them to get over into such a place and with
the unpleasantness that bees often occasion
when disturbed, we think few will be induced
to try it. The fence will pay, aside from the
protection from thieves, by keeping away the
cold winds. If your neighborhood is a very
bad one, make something on the plan of the
house apiary, keep it locked up, and both your
bees and honey are safe. You are right friend
Case, we certainly can not att'ord to feed
thieves on honey. May I venture to suggest
that starting a Sabbath school in your neigh-
borhood and going \n. yourself to help teach
that thieving is very unprofitable, would be
worth all the padlocks and jails ever invented.

^ *%* w p

OUR OWN APIAKY.

BOME one made the remark that perhaps
we did not care to tell just how many
colonies comprised said apiary, just now, but
we assuredly have no objection to telling
anything about our successes or reverses.
Our 40 the first of last May, increased them-
selves by swarming, to 91, and gave us perhaps
a ton of comb honey ^ it may have been a ton
and a half, but as we had no time to weigh it,
will call it the former. Some one asked about
the hive with the hexagonal combs ; now at
the risk of being laughed at, I will try and
tell the truth frankly. "They did finely under
their chart' covering, built out the fdn., and
raised brood, until their hive contained rather
more bees than honey. About the first of Oct.,
I saw they needed stores for winter. Right in
the honey house just at hand, were L. combs
weighing from 1 to 10 lbs., but so long as this
hive would not admit the L. frame, nothing
could be done in that direction. We had be-
fore resolved that nothing should tempt us t'o
have two kinds of frames in the apiary, but
here we were again in the old predicament.
A feeder was given them and very soon they
were rejoicing in peace and plenty, but alas,
some of their inquisitive neighbors soon be-
gan to rejoice stili more than they, even uproar-
iously, for they were by some strange freak,
allowed to go "in and out without challenge or
molestation. In vain did we try to arouse a
bit of spunk in these black hybrids; they
would allo\v any bee in the apiary, to go in
and load up just as long as there was a cell

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

41

full of honey in the hive. Mv. Quinhy men-
lions havinj^ hives that allow theni.'^elves to be
robbed in the spring, but we do not know that
we ever before saw one do it in the fall. They
were fed along until some frosty nights came,
and then they starved. Not much loss, for
they had always been a poor shiftless set, yet
it spoiled our experiment.

A few days afterward it was warm and sun-
ny, and as we were going to supper, some one
said a swarm of bees had just passed over.
As they were going our way, we kept a look-
out for them, and soon overtook a small swarm
that had apparently starved out ; these were
pure black bees. They went so slowly, seem-
ing half inclined to cluster on every tree or
shrub, that we had ample time to examine
them. They Jinally commenced clustering on
•A carriage standing in front of our apiary, and
tearing they would annoy the horse, we des-ir-
eil the occupant to drive along ; as he did so,
they commenced to cluster on ray head, and
directing my daughter to bring a frame of
comb, I stood quite still while they buzzed in
my ears, covering nose, eyes, hair and whisk-
ers, until I could hardly "hear myself think'
on account of the droning noise they kept up.
Instead of being unpleasant, it reallj' made me
feel sleepy to be fanned and to feel the sensa-
tion of so mauj^ little feet about my face and
( ars. As soon as the comb came, 1 placed it
on my shoulder and soon found the queen ;
then all were deposited safely in front of the
hexagonal "experiment." Now I regarded
this as quite a feat, and as the juveniles gath-
ered round me and called the attention of the
jiassers by, 1 felt quite like a "lion" until some
one said a little girl could tame bees as well
as I. Sure enough, there she stood with bees
all about her head and in her hair, yet she was
as undisturbed as if they had been so many
pet kittens. Some of our friends who insist
that one must be enveloped in a whole "cov-
ered wagon" when they wish to open a hive,
would do well to take a lesson from this little
miss. In getting the bees out of her hair, she
was stung once but it was only because the
bee was carelessly pinched. They all went
"into the hive, were given some candy, and
seemed ready for business. It would be real-
ly nice, to say they behaved and make a good
colony, but they deserteel their candy and
swarmed out again next day. Four of those
heavy combs of honey might have made them
good, but thay woultl not go into that hive,
and so the bees were lost again. The hive
will probably go into our "monument," up
against the fence. And we rather think fu-
ture experiments will be made with the regu-
lar L. frame.

We have now 90 colonies, if none have died,
and if they have, it is probably not of starva-
lion. Besides these, we have 1.^ at neighbor
Blakeslee's, in that excellent cellar of his;
these were some we traded for, and we shall
thus have an opportunity of comparing cellar
wintering with out-door. We commence the
new jear with 10.0, but as the first of ]\Iay has
been decided to be the beginning of the bee
year, wc will try to report as many then.

Jan. 24?/t— From the number of dead bees
found clogging the ei!trance to many of our
hives, we fear chaff cushions over head only,

Is hardly going 1o answer. So well pleased
are we with cluiff all around, and the bees, on
only a fevf well tilled combs, that we feel like
fixing them all with chaff as soon as the
weather will permit.

HOW TO MAKE COITIB lOl'IVDATlOIVS.

8 we are constantly improving in the

, work, we can only give our methods at

the present stage. The first thing is to sheet
your wax, and to do this you want some kind
of a tall stove, with a top that will lift off.
Such a one as you can select out of a pile of
old iron, or a second hand one bought at tlic
stove stores, will probably do as well as any,
for it will very soon in all probat)ility be cov-
ered with wax. Get a tinsmith to make a
boiler that will set down into this stove as far
as may be and still allow of building a fire un-
der it ; it will rise some distance above the
stove, for we want it about 30 inches high.
Inside this boiler, is to be another of such size
as to allow of from J^, to 1 inch space between
the two, precisely as we make a queen nur-
sery ; and as this inner boiler is to hold the
wax, it must be at least I'S inches wide, if we
wish to make sheets 12 inches in width.

The diagram will make all plain, when we
mention that the dotted lines are partitions of
perforated tin, reaching nearly to the bottom
of the wax boiler ; these are for keeping lumps
of wax, from getting in the way of the dipping
plates which are immersed in the central
apartment A, while the lumps are fed into the
I side apartments B. The boiler A, B, is made
! so that It can be at any time lifteel out of the
I outer one holding the water, and we can have
1 an extra inside for white wax if we choose.
! The dipping plates are made of galvanized
: iron, about the thickness of a silver dime;
they should be 12J.2 inches wide, by 21 long;
for making sheets for the L. frame only, plates
d inches wide will answer, for we need sheets
of finished fdn., 85^xl6?4. These plates need
a handle, and this is made of a round stick
,^4 in diameter by 8 inches long, with a groove
sawed in one side to allow it to be slipped
over the top of the plate, where it may be se-
cured, by a strap of tin around each eml
soldered to the plate.

Fill the space between the boilers with wat-
er, put your wax in the central one, and build
a slow "fire in your stove. Set a tub of water
on a box, as near your boiler as you can well
get it. Immerse the plates in the water, and
when you commence, you will probably have
to rub them with a little soap to make the
water adhere. If the water is cold, your p'ate
is ready to be dipped in the melted wax and
instantly raised again, as soon as it sets, which
you will see by its appearance ; dij) it again,
and so on until the wax surface is as thick
as a piece of paste l)oard. Now you will nev-
er get this off in a nice sheet unless you go to
work just right. Dip it in the tub of water,
until it is just co)d enough to be tough, like
leather; if too cold, it will be brittle, and if

43

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb.

too warm, it will stick ; but when just right
it will come oft" easily and quickly. Another
thing, you must not have your wax too hot ;
if it Is," it will give but very thin sheets, and
these will curl and crack ; it should, after
being all melted, be allowed to cool until al-
most ready to solidify on the top. It has been
often suggested that we have a coal oil stove
or lamp, that we may easily regulate the tem-
perature, but we advise a wood fire, on ac-
count of cheapness. It must be borne in mind
that dipping cold plates of metal into the wax
constantly, cools it ofl" rapidly, and as it at the
same time heats the water in the tub, we shall
very soon need a lump of ice in the water ;
and" as fast as it melts, a new one must be fur-
nished. Besides these cold plates, we are
constantly putting into the apartments, pieces
of cold wax, and when we are pushing all
these operations along rapidly, considerable
fuel is needed in our stove.

The operation of rolling the sheets, is very
simple after you learn how, yet at first trial
one might decide the wax would never come
free from the rolls. When the machine is new,
the wax must be carefully picked out of the
grooves with a quill tooth pick (as anything
harder might injure the rolls) as fast as any
gets a lodgement, and if at any time there is
trouble when the wax is at the proper tem-
perature, it is probably from this cause. Be-
fore starting in the wax sheets, the rolls should
be covered with a soapy lather by means of a
brush and soap and water, and the dish that
the lower roll runs in should contain thin soap
suds. As soon as the edge gets through, it is
to be picked up with the fingers, held between
two pieces of wood, and drawn out as fast as
the rolls are turned. Two hands are required
to work to advantage. For cutting the sheets
to the size desii-ed, a pair of tinner's squaring
shears, are the handiest thing we know of.
They are operated by the foot, and the price is
about $35. A common pair of shears will cut
them neatly, if the blades are kept wet with
the soap and water.

GlEANracs m BEE CUUTUnE.

Published Montbly,

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.

MEDINA, OHIO.

Terms: Sl.OO Per Anniam.

[Including PostageJ]
For Club Rates see Last Page.

IwIEIDIlSr-A., FEB. 1, IST'T'.

But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall" dwell safely,
and shall be quiet from fear of evil.— Prov. 1 ; 33.

EvEE so many friends are sure to write us for queens
before any can be raised, almost every spring. Our
fi'ieiid Halo has an advertisement, that we think will just
meet the wants of such.

-"^^ ■<■ ^

T/iAXKa to the 3frt£rffs?'ne folks for a" copy of Vol. I,
neitly bound. In looking over the back volumes !of al-
most all tho .Journals, we are astonished to, find lliom
e jntnininir so much that is vahuble. See price

The i?(?c TFojVrf has heretoforj commenced its Vol-
ume in Dec, therefore the Nov. No., wai No. 12. It
was decided to commence the Vol. the first of Jan.. as
with the other Journals, consequently no No.
was issued for Dec. 187ij. Will subscribers please take
notice ?

We use a ajreat many postage stamps in our business of
sending goods by mail, and can use any quantity, and of
any denomination. Perhaps the cheapest and safest way
to send money by mail, is t ) get large stamps. Several
dollars may be sent in 30c. stamps, and they occupy so
little i-oom that their presence would never be noticed iti
a letter even if anybody wanted them.

—^^^~*^»-^^'^

If yon would care to know more about the way in
which Moody induces inebriates, and those apparently
lost to all impulses lor Rood, to turn at once into
earnest tracheis in the cause of good morals and re-
ligion, yon will likely be interested in a book called
Best Thoughts and Discourses of D. L. Moody. We
can mail it bound in purjilc and gold, for only 75 cts.
Regular jsric? SI, 00. It includes an account of his latti
woik in Chicago.

By using shafts of steel, wo have succeeded in makinir
fdn. machines so much lighter than onr first ones, that
we now oifer the machine for 12 inch sheets, for an even
SIOO., and that with a p.air of 0 inch rolls, just right for
L. frames, for an even SoO. Tlie 5 inch machines for Sod,
are models of nice workmanship, for so small an amount
of money. Although we are not at present prepared to
say whether ^ cells to the inch is better than ii'i or not,
we are sure the bees will work nicely on either, and as
the small cell machines are easier to make than the oth-
ers, we shall make all that way unless otherwise ordered.
Rolls for making drone cells, will be ftlOO extra for small
machines, §10. extra for 12 inch machines.

AVhatevek may have been Prof. Riley's mistakes-
abont bees, he has certain-ly done a good work in study-
ing up the habits of the potatoe V)eetlc, as will be seen in
his book, Potatoe Pests, given in our list this month.
Our most enthusiastic bee-keepers, it would seem, have
studied the habits of bees no aiore faithfully, than has he
this enemy of the potatoe ; and the way in which he fol-
lows it through the stages of egg, larvie, and so on, until
we have a perfect insect ready to lay eggs, really reminds
us of Doolittlc and his figures on prolific queens. He
is so thoroughly posted on the most successful plans of
warfare, that one cxn readily imagine that article about
poisoning honey bees I>ecause they ate the fruit, was writ-
ten while he was in the "lighting mood" toward the Col-
orado beetle. This reminds us that since we have all be-
come tranjuil, it may be safe to say that

BEE9 DO EAT GRAPES, AT TIMES.

Our neighbor White of Chatham, this Co., h;id liis
vines entirely stripped one season by his Italians, and
our own last season for the first time, started on the
grapes riirht over their hives, and for about 3 days,
threatened to take them atl ; but a sudden secretion of
honey in the flowers, induced them to leave the grapes
before much damage was done. The idea that bees can-
not bite through the skins of fruit, is ridiculous when we-
see them biting into the heavy strong cloth of our quilts,
and strong stent parjier, y€rt we think it is very seldom,
that they take the trouble to inincture whole fruit. We
m ail the bookfor 50c.

FlSAinES OF sections; I.ARGE VERSUS
»1VIAI.,L,.

I

AM now making my hives for next season's fa-
crease and frames for surplus honey, and as I
have an arrangement of my own I would like to
know what you think Of it. The hive projier, orbrood
chamber holds 12 frames about 11x11 inches, the hive
cover has a space of six inches over the frames, to be
used for iiacking in winter ; this space is to be occu-
pied in the honey season by 3 boxes, without tops or
bottoms, placed crosswise the hive, and each box to
be filled with close fitting frames for the surplus lion-
ey. My ideas are, first, to get the bees working in one
or more of those boxes by giving them fdn. or cmjity
comb or even i)artly filled comb from the body of tlii>
hive then start them to filling otl;cr sections or boxc-*
by taking Irom partly filled one?. By this planuful!
box need never be taken ofl' and an empty one put on,
but one or more filled frames can be taken out at a
time and replaced with cmiity frames. Will it work ?
A. A, FitADENisUKG, Cleveland, Ohio.

187'

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

43

To be sure your phm Avill work, and is pre-
cisely tlie plan we liave U'loptcd, except lliat
you Lave to liaiulle all these little frames sep-
arately, while we lift a frame of S of them at
ouce, or a whole stor^ of 50 ; if the whole 50
are tilled with honey, it is ratlier heavy lifting,
but if they are only partly lllled, or if they
should happen to be entirely empty when the
season closes— as nuiii hapi)en, you should all
bear in mind — it will be found (luile a relief,
to be able to lift olV the upper story with the
entire set ot boxes, without any lixing or fuss-
ing. Again, according to Doolittle, we should
extract all the honey in the fall, before put-
ting the partly tilled sections away for winter,
and with the whole 8 in a regular full sized
frame, we can uncap and extract all at once.
You who think it is an easy task to perform
all these operations on 50 or GO small frames,
in place of having them compactly in 7 or 8
large ones, or even all in one whole upper
story, had better give it as fair a trial as have
we during the past season. You will all learn
it by experience, but it may be worth some-
thing to be warned before you have made up
many hives on a wrong principle. Once more,
the bees will cover the bottom bars to your
small frames with propolis, which very much
injures their appearance and sale.

SIMPl>2CaT\ BEE HIVES.

MLXH has been said of the importance of
_ having all hives and frames exactly
alike ; notwithstanding, ice have never suc-
ceeded in having them as exact as we would
like. Last season, we made a set of gauges
for each of the 0 frames in our list of diagrams,
and have succeeded in getting tho frames pret-
ty exact. We have jusl, now, had made a pair
of frames of ^o inch square iron, that exactly
llts over a hive that is just right. One of these
frames is shown leaning against the central
hive in the engraving on our cover. The
boards are cut as shown in the figure, 5 being
one of the ends, and 4 a side ; the corners are
nailed as shown at 9. Now to nail a hive,
we lay one of the square frames on the bench,
stand the four boards up inside it, slip the oth-
er hoop over the top, and the hive is held ex-
actly square while being nailed. It is ver\^
clear that if the boards till the frames, your
hives will all be exactly of a size. If you
can not make your saws cut all boards pre-
cisely of the same size, make the pieces a
trifle large, and then dress the ends with
a very sharp smooth plane until they fit nicely
inside the iron frames. By this means, j'ou
may almost defy the stubbornness of boards
that will twisianil warp. You have nothing
now to fear in the way of outside dimensions,
but if your lumber is not perfectly seasoned,
the boards may shrink and bring tiie frames a
little nearer the bottom board ; to prevent this,
have extra well seasoned lumber if you can,
but if you can not, make the stuli" a little
wide. This leaves the way open for inaccu-
racy, we know, but what (.Ise can we do?
It will be observed we have cut i-lacre for
hand holes iu both the sides ar.d ends, and
when you once get at it, it is a very simple
matter. If you take livo shirgies and lay

them together with the thick ends op-
p;Osite ways and then cut a pair of washers
out of both, it is plain that a saw screwed
between these, will have a wal)bling motion.
Well, with the f-hingles, we shall not have
wabble enough, so we will make some wedges
on the same plan, lor we want the saw to
cut a slot about ^^ wide. Throw the table of
jour saw over back, or take it clear oil", and
imt on a temporary one instead. While we
think of it, it may be well to have these
temporary table tops for various purposes,
such as dovetailing for sections, etc., and
the advantage of them is that they are always
exactly adjusted when screwed to the frame
that holds the saw. The pieces that com-
pose the hive are to be rested against a strip
at one end, while the other is let down grad-
ually on the saw, and if the speed is high
erough a very pretty smooth slot is cut.

No. 8 shows a two story hive with frames,
of sections above; No. 1, a single story with
frames of sections on each side of the brood
combs ; No. 2, the same with the entrance
turned forward and the sawdust heaped about
it. No. 3, shows how the entrance is made
by pushing the hive forward so as to project
over the bottom board. The plan of enlarg-
ing and contracting the entrance with saw-
dust we like best of any we have tried. We
also prefer sawdust to any kind of alighting
board. It keeps down weeds, is readily ad-
justed, looks neat, and does not warp and curl
up under the influence of sun and rain, as
does any kind of a board fixing; when first
put down, it may blow about some, but after a
few days of sun and rain it bakes over the top,
and forms the very best foot-hold for heavily
laden bees, that can possibly be imagined.
Other kinds of shade have been advised and
uf-ed, but we find nothing so efficient and prof-
itable as the grape vines. If the vines arc
propagated as we directed in Vol. II, it is very
little trouble, and one vine will increase fully
as fast as your bees increase to n«ed them.

The chafl* cushion and manner of making, is
shown in No. (5, and the cushion or quilt at>
No. 7, where it is tacked in the cover; this
may be done without trouble, where we use
the sheet of duck. No. 8, to keep the bees from
biting or propolizing the quilt. We now make
these sheets of duck, with a cord of candle
wicking run in a large hem all round the out-
er edge, for unless we do this, the bees will
crowd out past the edge, so that it may be
quite ditficult at times to get them out of tha
way before shutting the cover down, We-
fasten the quilt in the cover, by 8 tacks around
the edges ; this allows it to drop close to the
duck when the cover is shut down. No. 10,
shows a sheet of fdn, with a folded strip of tin
at its upptr edge. This strip may be inserted
in the frame as at 11, by sliding one end in-
first, just as we put in the usual wooden comb
guide, entirely getting rid of melted wax, and
the sheets of fdn. can be shipped with the
frames, and then put iu place after they are re-
ceived. No. 13, is the 8 sections in place in
the wide frame, filled with sheets of fdn., and
No. 13, the same with the tin separators in
place, on one siile of each frame of sections.
No. 14, is a frame of (aney sections, to be used
for parties and weddings.

44

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb.

A FEW TTHOlTGH'rS WHICH PKESEN'IT
THEMSELVES OH* KEADINO JAN. NO.

CITAFF AS A KEMEDT FOR SPEING DWINDLING.

^^g^UT, friend Townley, in order to have the ".spring
J^m fussing" fairlj' tested we would make this amend-

ment to your article on 5th page; after selecting

three colonies to pack with chaff and the three to go with-
out chaff, select three more equal in all respects to the
first, and pack them with chaff the same as the first three,
only have it so that you can spread the brood, contract it
it with a division board if necessary, etc, try the ex-
periment fairly, and if the last three do not fo
ahead of any of the others and you do not decide that
!i judicious spreading of the brood does pay, "your ex-
perience will be different from what mine has been."

DKONE COMB, HOW TO GET IT.

Friend Stanhope, on page 13, talks to the point ; and
when we hear a person advising making new swarms by
taking a frame from several hives, thereby making a full
colony at once, and asserting that taking a full frame
from a populous stock and putting an empty frame in its
place does not injure th?m in the least, w e always set
them down as not being so familiar with the inside of a
bee hive as they are with writing theory for publication.

If any one will guarentee ra of the combs built under
such circumstances to be worker comb, I will become a
convert to artificial swarming. In all my ( xperiments I
never got one square inch of worker comb built with such
conditions. Now friend Joiner, page 5, have you ever
tried the above for getting co nb for sections. In early
spring put a division board in place of one or two frames
and when apples and dandelions blossom take them out
and put empty frames in the brood nest and see it you
can't get all the starters you want, and if you get all
worker comb built in populous colonies. Friend Stanhope
and myself want to engage some queens of you.

270,000 BEES IN S MONTHS.

But, friend Novice, it is noi Doolittle's theory that
270,000 bees are raised in three months. We wanted you
to reconcile friend Cook's statement. We will give facts,
no theory about it. Our 9 Gallup frames give us about
800 square inches of comb kept full of brood in all stages
(not eggs) for two or more mouths. This gives us 40,000
workers every 21 dajs, and as they live 45 days the queen
sets 2 1-7 generations on the stage of action to where one
dies off. So we have 2 1-7 times 40,000 in a good colony
the middle of July, or about 86,000 providing they do not
swarm.

BEOOD-EEARING AS EARLY AS CHRISTMAS.

As regards queens' com mencing to lay about Christmas,
we will say that in the winters of 1872-.3 and 1873-4 we
had the last of .Jan. on an average, 75 square inches of
brood in all stages, with young bees just hatched quite
plenty, and we have found but few stocks since we kejit
bees that did not have brood by the middle of Jan.

CLOSING ENTRANCES IN WINTER.

Friend Hill, page 20. Wo have always made a practice
as soon as cold weather comes of shutting un the hives
tight at the bottom (just as tight as we could make them)
with no entrance anywhere, and we nc^er had any worry
ihemselves to death. Bees do not want an entrance un-
less they can fly, and in that case Ihey will go in and out
.•it any hole they can find, no matter where it is. Bees can
get all the air they want through the quilt and straw mat
or chalT packing and an cntrr\nce only causes a draught
through the hive.

TrRNING THE C;0MIJ3, FOR WINTERING, IN BROAD HIVES.

Novice has jr.^l jiut an idea in our heads, and for fear
he will tell it as his own wo will tell it now and .so got the
start of him. Wo never have fallen in love with this cliaff
jjacking as given by Towiiloy, Moore .and others, on ac-
count cf i'.s taking so much Uunber to make those L'.rge

boxes which are nothing but a nuisance in summer.
But to the idea; 5 Gallup frames well filled with honey
will winter a swarm of bees just as well as 9. Now take
out 4, of the 9, that have the least honey in them and
turn the other 5 so they will run the other way of the
hive by laying 2M inch sticks on the rabbets to hang the
frames on. This will give you 3>2 inches at each end of
the frames and 2^4 at each side. Make cushions tj fill
these spaces, put your quilt over the frames, pack the cap
with straw or use a cushion, and all you have to store
away is just the cushions, and you have your bees put in
just ns warm a bed as you could ask for. We are speak*
ing of a Standard Gallup hive-

STARTEUS OF DRONE COMB, IIOW TO GET THE
LARVAE OUT.

We are asked how we get Larvae out of drone comb, as
we mention on page 123 Vol. II, that in order to get work-
er comb built we left drone comb in till larva; hatched.
Larva; that is not over three days old will do no harm as
the bees will clean it all out after it has been left out of
the hive until it dies, and we never calculate to let it get
older than that. Novice has made our advertisement in
the last two numbers, read Standard Gallup hive with 21
Vioxes and cases .all complete for 25c. Our usual price is
S3.25. As we have paid for advertising, please correct in
next. G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.

P. S. We make a practice when snow is deep and tliere
comes a day warm enough for bees to fly, of taking off the
cap and turning up one corner of the quilt thereby let-
ting them fly from the top of the hive instead of the en-
trance. G. M. D.

If we are correct, Townley referred only to
chaft' packing before the first of May, and we
hardly think even you friend D., Avould advise
spreading the brood befoi'e that time. Per-
haps a good queen might produce 85,000 bees
in 8 mouths, but before basing our calcula-
tions on that number, had we not better see
how many of us have queens that v.'ill do it
during the coming season V

Turning combs about, where the hive is
wider than the length of the frame, we think
can not fail to be an excellent idea, but with
the L. hives in general use, it can not be done.
With the Gallup and Am. frames, it is very
easy, but requires considerable time and fuss-
ing. Several have recently struck on the idea,
and one friend sends us a diagram of the plan.
When we can determine wliether the chatl* is
really objecuonable for summer, we can decide
whether a hive may not be built so the bees
will at all times be fixed for winter with no
other precaution than seeing that they have
ample stores.

We like the idea of closing the entrances in
very severe weather, were it not that one
might neglect to open them, or be away when
a fine day came; then there would be mis-
chief, and we feel the same about taking otl'
the covers to let the bees fiy. If we can not
have a liive — and bees too — that will take care
of themselves at least a few days in the year
we think it is really too bad. Our chafl" hives
and the old Quinby hive, seem all right, tho'
they do not get a bit of cai'c, and we think will
need none before May.

We have changed the reading of our address labels, ma-
king them show the last number you are to get. For in-
stnnc;>, Dec. '77 implies tiiat you have paid up to and in-
cludiu'jc that luunUer, and no farther. Please examinfi
tho l:il)i'l<. and sec if thoy tell correctly; if we sometimes
make a iiiistakc, please don't get cross, and tl'.ink we did
t on jnir; ose.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

45

%md§ el pain,

From Different Fields.

WILL IT PAY TO BUY AN EXTRACTOR?

^jfi HAVE 9 colonies of bees all ia frame hives. If I
Jjj get them wintered safely I would like to have an
^-' extractor; will it j)ay to send fwr one for that
inimber? I made '2 colonies from One last summer,
I was not bothered with swarming.

N. M. Blossek, North Lima, Ohio.
If you can sell extracted honey for 15c per
U»., an extractor will pay average seasons,
with one colony only. If comb honey will
sell more readily at 25c, perhaps you will do
as well to get the fdn., and the new section
boxes. You can secure a crop of extracted
honey easier, a much cheaper hive will an-
swer, and a beginner will get a crop where he
would fail entirely with comb honey ; he will
iu fact tiud it so easy, he will be very apt to
starve his bees until he learns better. As to
whether it will pay, depends very much on
the home market you succeed in building up.

The past season has been my first in bee-keeping. I
1 liink I have done well. I commenced with 8 swarms
J'lst spring; and transferred them with no trouble into
movable comb hives, size 12sl2.xl6 inside, frame 14^x10%
inside measure. Spring cold and backward; no swarms
until July 5th. July 1st, I had 4 strong and 4 weak stocks.
Hived my four first swarms and put back all the rest by
hiving in an old box by the side of the old hive and in
from 2 to 4 days cutting out queen cells from old hive and
.shaking the bees back. I had no trouble from swarms
ooining c ut that had been once put back in this way. I
i^ot from the 8 swarms (and two of them did nothing) the
•t swarms six)ken of above and about 300 lbs. of box honey.
Considering that it was nearly all taken from buckwheat,
I think they did well. One swarm that had to be fed, up
to June 25th, gave PO lbs. of Wox honey ; another with its
swarm made 140 lbs. of box honey. I am using Mr. Is- j
ham's glass boxes and think them the best I have seen, i
< >ur honey plants are finiit blossoms, locust, white clover, i
liasswood and buckwheat. We have also a large variety I
of fall flowers, and in fact almost every thing in its season.
Tliis has been a poor season and bees that have had no ]
cai-e have done little. Geo. W. Stanley, j

Wyoming, N. Y. Jan. 1st. 1877.

Is there not a little inconsistence some- {
nhere friend S., in calling it a poor season, af- j
tcr such a report from a novice. \

I would not part with either of my volumes from vol. j
1st. to the present for four times tbe cost. Last spring I
started with 1.3 colonies ; have 26 now and have taken
1200 lbs. of honey. Some of my neighbors who purchased
hives of me desiretl my aid in taking care of theirs, 13 in
all ; we have increased them to 26 colonies and taken 800
lbs. making in all, from 26 hives, 52 and one ton of honey.
This is a hard climate for bees, so elevated and changea-
ble among the Rocky mountains. Foul brood has des-
troyed so many bees some have become discouraged. One
«i'f our apiarians is trying to overcome the disease by often
• hanging the bees into new hives and making new combs j
and brood. What do you think of the plan ? ■

!•:. Stevenson, Salt Lake City, Utah, Dec. 28th, 1876. '

I have taken 12 stands of bees on shares for a tenn of 3 1
.rears. I took charge of them in July, moved them 10 j
miles, losing one; smothered them \k'{«tc travelinir £•
n il .s. I have now 20 even, all thrifty stands in the Lai;^--

stroth hive. The stock is from yours, but is badly mi.xcd.
Mr. Wilson received one stand of Italians from you, and
he never increased them but the whole stock is improved,
I go barefaced among my bees and love the work.

A. H. Beet, Mt. Erie, III. Jan. 1st, 1877.

I am a beginner, starting in the spring with one colony
in a box hive. They sent out a swarm in June, whieh for
want of frames I put in a common box. Tlioy gave me
one cap and part of another, and were ready for winter
with their hive two-thirds full of honey. I purchased 4
swarms, made movable frames, and with the swarms from
these, and bees given me to stock neuclci, with seven col-
onies that I "drove" for a "bee man" who wanted honey,
I have commenced the winter with eleven stocks in ten
hives ; nine of them in a long box packed with chaff. In
the spring, you can tell better in which department to
place me. I have never lost a queen by introducing,
though I have introduced them in every colony, also have
added bees to almost all my swarms.

FRAMES VERSUS BOZ HIVES.

I write in behalf of a bee-keeping friend of mine, who
has about 75 colonies in boxcj and gums of all imaginable
kinds, who has claimed the movable frame useless, and
that he could manipulate his boxes and gums quicker
than any man could frames and with better resiUts for
any object desired, such as taking out queens, making
new swarms etc. He was at my place the day after I re-
ceived the fdn., and saw it after it had been 12 hours in
the hive, and the bees were working it. He also saw the
metal rabbets, frame, honey knife and other samples ; the
samples were received in good order except the thermom-
eter which remains in stahc quo and refuses to be com-
forted with either heat or cold. This man saw my ex-
tractor in successful operation, .and now he wishes me to
learn your price for metal cornered frames, 500 or more.
He thinks he will transfer about 50 colonies in the spring
and he will be successful, as he understands their "little
dispositions" better than any one I ever saw handle bees.
J. E. Dart, Farmer City, Dec. 28th, 1876.

FOUNDATION REPORT.

Since you asked in Gleanings for reports from
those having used fdn., I will say I had some from
T. G. Newman. Twelve sheets 12x16 inches for two
pounds, with which I experimented in various ways.
In brood chamber I filled frames to within about 1
inch of bottom bar and it would sag and break down
as soon as the bees put a little honey in it. They
commenced work on them in two hours after they
were put In the hives. The only way I succeeded
was with sectional frames made on the i^lan of yours,
!)x5 inches filled to within )n inch of bottom bar and
lastened at the top with wax. Even then they sagged
and stretched. These were made by C. O. Perrine, of
Chicago, if I am not mistaken. I also tried the plaia
wax sheets having every alternate frame natural
comb starter which they filled and capped without
touching the wax sheets. Jas. E. Fehr.

Dakota, Ills., Dec. 19th, 1876.

I used some of your sections last summer, liked them
■\ery much. I have one objection to them, they have so
many pieces. Could you not make them with four pieces,
in.stead of 6, having the upright pieces solid ? I think they
would be much better. I am making preparations to run
10 swarms next season, mostly for extracted honey.

W. H. Kerr, Waynetown, Ind. Dec. 30th, 1876.

We now make them exactly as you suggest.

I have increased from 20 to 47 in the last season, all in
good condition. Greatest surplus from one hive 80 lbs.
The first swarms gave most of my honey, the old hive
iKiving the .sw.irming fever so badly worked little.

Si:tii Devixe, Kingsbury, N. Y. Dee. 30th, 1876.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

FeI5.

HOUSE APIARY.

After n trial of a yeaf or more do roit fitid the feouse
apiary better for box and extracted honey, or either,
than yoiir "'yard apiary ?" Or in other words if you
had none, and lincw as much as yon do about thenn,
would you buiid one ? Wintering not to be consider-
ed, as that is no object here. T. B. Pakkek.

Goldsboro, N. C. Dec. 36th, 1876.

For 50 hives or more I would assuredly
build a hovise apiary. The one item of having
your honey and implements all housed at all
times, and without the toilsome labor of tak-
ing so many steps, would be reason
enough. This of course refers to keeping bees
for profit, or where the amount of money to be
made with the least labor possible, is the de-
sideratum. To those who keep a few bees for
the benefit of the open air exercise, or who
simply wish to raise the honey needed in their
own family, I think I would advise the Lawn
or Chaff hive, or the Simplicity, and the grape
vines. There are now a great many house
apiaries being tried, and perhaps it will be as
well to hold on a little before building very
many. When those who make bees a success,
decide to use house apiaries, it will be ample
time for beginners to follow. Another thing;
there have been gross misstatements made in
regard to the expense of such structures, by
those having patents. Nothing in the way of
expense is saved in the house, except the body
of the hive and the cover, for the frames, sec-
tions, and chaff quilts are needed all the same.
It would be a much easier matter to make 50
painted Simplicity hives for $50.00 than to
make a house apiary for an equal number, for
$100. Will those who have built them, tell us
if we are not right ?

I put 52 colonies in to winter quarters : about lialf in
double hives packed with chaff, (liave generally used cut
straw) tlie balance in single hives with straw in cap. I
use quilts filled with cotton over frames and have heen
very successful wintering; in tbat way. This season was
rather poor until buclcwheat bloomed when the bees did
very well. Bee-keeping in this vicniity is rather in the back
ground, a great many use the box Live and black bees.
■ James P. Steeeith, Kilgore, Pa. Dec. 13th, 187G.

HONEY, BUILDING UP A HOME MAKKET FOR.

I have just rf ad the statement of J. A. Buchanan Dec.
Gleanings page 305 and agree with him. When I com-
menced li( re which was hut a few years aso, there was not
.'jO lbs. of honey consumed in the place. This year I har-
vested about 2.500 lbs. and sold all of it at 20 and 2.5c. per
lb. home market. T. J, Dodds.

Lc ckre, Scott Co. Iowa, Dec. 15tl! 1n70.

INTRODUCING QUEENS.

I received 3 one dollar queens of J. Ctman last
July, they were beautiful yellow pets and I intro-
duced them in the honey boxes according to Mr.
Cortland Newton hi June No. of CtLEAnings. They
did exceedingly well. No. 3 came out 17 days after
with a fine^swarm and did finely. B. G.

Monticello, Ind., Dec. 27th, 1876.

AVe have had a very liard season for bees in this
region, the drouth was so severe from the 20th of
June till about the middle of July that my black bees
would have starved if I had not fed tlicm.

ITALIAN VEKSUS BLACK BEES.

I liad but one swarm of Italians, they gathered
enough hcnoy from a weed that grows plentifully

here to keep brood rearing lively. I watched mar.y
hours Imt could not find a black bee upon it. I think
it a member of the mint family. The l>loom is simiiai
to catmint. <Jn tlie last of July the graBshop))ert-
came in countless millions. In 15 minutes after they
commenced falling, my hives were coTcred with
scroll -work tftat left your Lawn hive in the shade :
they destroyed our crops to sucii an extent that some-
did not liarvest at all ; most of us got enough for our
bread imd some seed. For about tcwo vyeeks the bccs-
had rotbing to work on but vines, and they did earry
poUen in larare quanlities. I counted 7 bees loading
from a &fcg!e llowcr. They gathered pollen from tlu^
centre of the (lower lo the ragged edge. My apiary is
on the prairie. Basswood \X miles away; have no
clover to amount to anything yet the bees nsnally
gather some honey from May till October. We have a.
flower upon which the bees work nicely before the
snow drifts are gone in spring.

BEES ON THE I'RAIRIE.

^t life on the prairie is the life for me,
Wliere tlie breezes of Heaven can wander so free ;

The cold blast of winter is worthy a song,
And 1 gaze on the snow as it's passing along.

And when in spring time the breezes of Majr
Are melting the snow drifts so swiftly away,

1*11 listen awhile to the bees' merry hum.
As returning with nectar they meet me at homie.

And when the wild rose is opening its bloom,
And the prairie is covered with flowers in June,

I sit in the shade of my own nurtured trees.
And watch until evening the flight of the bees.
I have 17 stocks now in my cellar, 13 of which are
Italians, all from my River Styx queen. Two of them
mated with black drones I think.

AGE OF WORKER.?.

One year ago the 20th day of August I gave my
River Styx queen four combs of black hatching brood ;
I saw the last black bees the 14th day of June. Now
supposing there were eggs, the worker bees were s
months old. I use the American style of Langstroth
frame 12x12. J. E. Dart.

Farmer City, Ills., Dec. 19th, 1876.

WINTER I5EE HOUSES, KEEPING THEM COOL.

In the warm days last spring before it was time to
set bees ont, mine became uneasy in the house, want-
ed to come out and fly (although it was jntch dark)
and made an awful uoise. I sprinkled a handfiU of
fine snow about the entrance of each hive and in
half an liour they were quiet as mice— not a bn/.>s
from any hive, i tried it once afteiward with the
same success. Henry Daniels.

Plainfleld, N. II., Dec. 25th, 1876.

The idea is very good, although the plan is
consideral)le trouble. A good cellar will V>e
cool enough without the snow.

1 have always been the bees' admirer bu|; never was in
circumstances to give them any personal attention until
last season, when a few colonies gave ine over one Ibou-
sand i)er cent, profit. P. G. Cauthu.

Lawrence, Kas, Dec. 20th, 1876.

The hone}' season with us has been fair; had 17
stocks in spring which increased to 35, gave 500 lbs. of
extracted and If 0 of cap honey. Sold it in one lot at
20 cts. I have had bees 20 years but have done noth-
ing with them untit the last season. You can put uk^
down in '"Blasted Hopes" if you jjlease, and I think if
you should get a report from all bee-keepers you
would have a full column under that head.

W. E. Clark, Oriskany, N. Y., Dec. 22(1, ls7.->.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

47

Last tall 1 purchased a dozen stocks of black bees in
hvx hives and placwl tliem side by side in a lonn shed,
tlu'ii packed them all around with st raw. Have a board
IiiuKcd in front to let down when warm days come.
'I'liere is no upward ventilation except the two holes for
honey boxes with quilt over them. Will it pay to cut out
top of brood chamber and then cover with cushions ? It
M-onis to me they would work more readily in the section
boxes if treated so. I do not wish to tnmsfer until I se-
cure a swarm from each one. I have a stock that weighs
nearly 100 lbs. gross, what shall I do with it when 1
transfer. What is the color of the ckks of the moth
uiiller ? G. S. Geaff, Omaha, Nebraska.

HONEY, now TO GET PKOM A BOX HIVE WITH-
OUT TRANSFERRING.

It will certainly pay to get the sections
down as near the brood as we can, and if we
were not ready to transfer, we would take the
whole top off the box hive, and nail on strips,
so as to fit an upper story on it. A one story
Simplicity will do very well, and you can then
y:et either extracted or comb honey as you
choose ; should the queen prefer to go above,
as she often does, you will get your transfer-
ring so far along. The 100 lb. stock, will be
just the one for such an experiment, and we
think you might manage to get most of the
honey up into the frame hive.

EGGS OF THE MOTII.

The eggs of the moth are very small, scarce-
ly visible unless we look closely, are perfectly
round, and nearly white. In Langstroth's
book we get a very good idea of them from
illustrations, and description.

PEEMIUMS FOE THE LAEGEST CLtJB, ETC.

I)i-. J. P. H. Brown offers to present to the person send-
inar the greatest number of subscribers to Gleanings, be-
tween the first of February and the first of July, a tested
luecn from imported mother. Queen to be sent upon
presentation of certificate from the publisher.

De. J. P. H. Beown, Augusta, Ga.

Many thanks friend B., but at the risk of be-
ing considered ungrateful for such kindnesses,
we would beg to enter a little protest. Our
good friend Nellis has sent us the lai'gest club
by considerable, but as he has paid us 60c.
each, and received f 1.00 — or whatever amount
he thinks proper above the GOc. — he has had
his pay for such service already. Why should
you make him a present for so doing, more
than for selling the large number of dollar
queens, which he did last season ? Both were
the means of doing a public good, and he re-
ceived his pay. We are very anxious, to have
our list of subscribers increased, but we do
want to have it done in a healthful way. The
A7n. Agriculturist at one time run their list of
subscribers up to 150.000 by giving presents
and the like, but as the greater part subscribed
for the sake of getting the presents without
caring particularly for the paper, they would
not renew the next year, without similar
"boosting." The result was that the list soon
went down to about its usual number, and if
we have made no mistake the areat list never
I'aid expenses. Shall we not rather take pa-
pers for their own intrinsic merit, and not for
the presents, just as we buy a lb. of nails ?
The naiU we want to use.

We prefer to pay every one who sends us
n subscriber, because we like every thing
>ir;iightened up as we go along, that we may

use our friends all alike without any hard
feelings. If you do us a favor, and take no
pay, we feel we ought to remember it, yet how
can we do so among so many ? If you send
us 5 names at $1. each, we jmstly owe you $1.25 ;
yet if you say you do not want it, and ask a
small faror a few weeks after, please do not
feel unkind if we charge you full retail price,
for we have no way in the world to keep track
of the matter unless you mention it. Our let-
ters are all filed away alphabetically, yet it is
often worth nearly a dollar to uft, to find one
received 6 montho before. When we do a per-
son a favor, is it not humaa to expect a simi-
lar one in return, sometime V Beware how you
accept money without a note, without inter-
est, or how you allow people to undersign you,
unless you wish to do them a similar favor
when they call upon you.

SIIIE AND TOP STOUING BOXKS, AND WUY DO BBES
BUILD COMB UPWARD?

I commenced the season with 4 good colonies. Im-
creased to 18 and doubled back to 12. Italianized 4,
6 are hybrids, and 2 are blacks. I am going to pur-
chase an imported queen in the spring. My bees are
not willing enough to work in boxes, to please me ;
when they do they build upward ; what makes them,
do this ? Will bees work In side boxes better than on
top of hives ? I am wintering all my bees on summer
stand packed with chaflf on top ; some with chaff on
both .aides of hive.

APIAKY.

Dk.
To hives, oil, paint, sugar and candy, account

book, and queens 830 00

Ck.

By 12 colonies of beesfn)§7,00 per colony ?84 00

" 240 lbs. of honey(«)25c 00 QO

" 9 beehives 18 00

Total credit $162 00

Net gain (not counting labor) 132 00

I can introduce queens, make artificial swarms
rear queens, do anything that pertains to bee culture,
and will be but 18 years old in January, 1877.

Hakdin Haines, Vermont, Ills., Dec. 12th, '76.
Your bees build upward because they have
no starters of natural comb, or fdn., because
your boxes are not close and warm, and per-
haps because you open a passage into too
many of them to start with. With our new
arrangement of sections in the frames, you
can give them 0 sections to commence on even
in the lower story, and you and everybody
else can test the vexed question as to whether
side storing boxes are better than top storing,
to their entire satisfaction, for you can place
them in either position in a twinkling. Who
among our readers can make a better report
before they are 18 years old ?

How do they generally send their 81.00 queens, by mail
or express ? And in what kind of a cage ? And do you
know how many one can sell in a season ?

Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis. Jr.n. 10th, 1877.

We believe they are sent by mail unless quite
a number are to go to one person. The cages
used are such as we offer on our price list, or
khose made by boring into a block of wood,
and covering the opening with wire cloth. A
piece of sponge saturated with honey, seems to
be the safest way of sending their food. Some
of our neighbors have sold 100 or more in a
season. They are now sold annually by the
thousand, and are proving a great blessing.

48

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb.

SUGAK FOK WINTERING.

Oh ! yes, here we are, but not among "Blasted
Hopes" as yon probably may think, although bee
hnsiness seemed like very poor business when
we last wrote in 1875, that out of 30 colonies only 4
had enough honey to winter and the remaining
scarcely any. After feeding two barrels of sugar (A
coflfee) they were put into winter quarters in pretty
good condition, and wintered with very little loss.
In the past season we have more than trebled our
money expended and doubled our stock ; have 50
colonies all in good condition and probably could
have realized more if we could have had time to
devote to them. But after Father's death we had to
care for the farm of 250 acres, leaving us little
time to devote to the bees ; but being greatly en-
couraged, thiuk we will devote more time to them
in the luture. Wardbll Bkos.

Uhrichsville, Ohio, Jan. 14th, 1877.

SEPARATORS, AND NO SEPARATORS.

Our bees gave us about 100 lbs. of honey to the
hive last season, mostly extracted, and one increase
from two. They appear to be all sound now. We
got about half the sections with the tin separators,
tilled during the season. No, not filled, but with
some lean comb honey in them, that looked as poor
as Job's turkey that had to lean against the fence
to gobble, as we boys used to say. The separators
are separated and in the scrap box. They may do
for box honey to glass but not for sections for us.
They take up too much space. J. J. Whitson.

Valley Mills, Ind., Jan. 15th, 1877.

The matter of separators or no separators, is
destined it seems to be another of the vexed
questions. Doolittle, Moore, and others who
raise much comb honey consider tliem indis-
pensable, and they certainly are if we are go-
ing to glass the honey after the sections are
filled. If the honey is to be sold near home in
our own neighboring towns, or to our neigh-
• bors, there will probably be no need of the
separators, unless we find it will pay to have
all exactly of a size and thickness, even at the
expense of having a little less of it. The fdn.
makes the cakes very even without any sep-
arator, yet without them there will be bulges
in one and corresponding depressions in its
neighbor. We at one time decided as has
friend W., that we wanted no more of the
"lean" ones, but after the "fat" ones bumped
each other, and got to leaking, we began to
thiuk we would rather have the former, and
have all exactly alike, with no protuberances
to get broken off and set dripping.

I live in a very poor honey district; had 14 old
stocks and got but one swarm. Drouth very long
and severe ; only took 2C0 lbs. box honey— L. hive.
I winter on summer stand— no packing, no upward
ventilation— come out all right in the spring. 1 have
given no upward ventilation for 10 years or more.
I like it by far the best. I give plenty of lower
ventilation — have hole cut in the centre of bottom
board 2x4 inches, covered with wire cloth— fly hole
I inch by 2- H. Thomas.

(ilen Moore, Pa., Deo. 26th, '76.

roiHONING BEES BT CHEAP MOLASSES.

I want to Ivnow if candy bought from the store will do
to feed bees, or -will the flavoring that is in it be injurious
to them? Some two or three years ago I fed a small
quaniity of black molasses which ended feeding, bees and
all, fi>r it killed them ; I would advise your readers

against feeding molasses. It seems that wintering is rs.
great hobby with you northern bee-keepers and I want
to know if they will winter as well in frame as in box
hives ; if they will, we don't ask wintering any odds, for
I never knew a colony of bees to freeze to death here.
Some i>eople are so careless that they will leave the lid all
warped and twisted so that you could almost run your
hand in and they seem to come out as strong as any in
the spring. How do you keep the ants away from your
hives ? or don't they ever bother you ? They have troub-
led me more this fall than ever before. There is also ,1
bird here that we call the Bee Martin which catches
thousands of our bees in spring and summer. But the
worst enemies we have are worms and starvation. Bee-
keeping is a new thing here and if I can't induce people
to take Gleanings or learn something about bees, tha':
Mitchell and his gang wiU soon stock our country with
their humbug hives and moth traps. As the neighbors"
boys rail me king bee, I suppose that name will do here.

King Bee.
We were so careless as to lose the address of
the above, yet the importance of the item in
regard to molasses, should be well understood.
Cheap molasses amounts to the same thing as
burnt sugar, and both are a sure poison, as we
have mentioned heretofore. Frame hives prop-
erly prepared, we believe have all the advan-
tages of any box hive. By all means use every
aid to keep your neighbors so well informed
that they may not be duped by swindlers. The
flavoring in candy does no harm, more than to
make it expecs-ive.

I h;ive taken 36(K) lbs. of honey from 20 of my best hives
and have sold it at an average price of 20c. per lb. I
made very little box honey, it sold as low as 20c. per lb.,
and some at 12,'^ c. per lb. That does not pay one for
their labor. W. Bence, Newberj, Ky. Dec. 29th, ISTi!.

And so extracted honey is still ahead, in
some localities at least.

SECTION BOXES, BBST SIZE AND SHAPE.

You use, I see, 8 in a Langstroth frame. The frame
being 2 inches wide and the sections 4>4 square. It
seems to me these are rather small. Suppose you use
6 only, say ne.irly 5K inches long by AX-

A. Fahnestock, Toledo, Ohio.

The matter has been often mentioned, was*
well considered, and we are prepared to fur-
nish the oblong sections, when wanted. Our
reasons for preferring the small ones are, a
small package, seems in much the greatest de-
maad, a square cake of honey is nicest to lay
on a plate without getting over the sides, and
it is better to have packages no larger than
will be used at one ordinary meal. After a
plate of butter or honey has been many times
on the table, it becomes untidy in appearance ;
if small, it can all be used and the plate or
dish cleaned with the rest of the dishes. If
you were passing a market you would hand
over 35c. at once for a nice cake of honey,
when you would pass it by if it were a half
dollar or even 35 or 40c. ; this has been many
times proven. Again, we always strive to
have as few dimensions about hives as possi-
ble. If we cut all our stuff for sections of one
length, we can have this exact much easiei',
than if we have the height one size and the
width another. The differcuce in expense of
the two sizes, is but 50c. per thousand.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

4ft

STRAW MATS, AND AMPLK VENTILATION OF CKLLAKS.

Wo are havini; a very ej-frcine winter, but owiiif? to iire-
^•nutioiis taken httve our yellow pets in nice shape, and
'tis a pleasure to know tliat notwithstanding the whist-
Un;j; of "old Koreas" outsiile, xre never have had xo few
(lead bees on our cellar bottrntw:, nor had thcni in a more
(Witented shape. Perhaps the fact of our having m.ide
:J00 straw mats last fall may have somethins to do with
their condition, but wr attribute it mainly to the fermper-
i-f^Hre we maintain (38 to 10°— docs not go above 10) and
to the fact of frequent airings of our cellar. Every ni,s?ht
whea the outside temperature is 20" or over we throw
open our out-^ide cellar door and close it in the morning.
Uy this process we not only regulate temperature but
keep a constant supply of fresh air in our repositories,
which experiemce teaches us is best to safely winter. Let
a cold snap come to prevent our opening the cellar for ,5
ur t days— still keepini? the temperature at the proper
<legree— and you would have a "big roar"' among them.
Go among them with a light at that time and you would
1)0 greeted by numbers of restless bees flying in your face i
and buzzing around the light. But let us open the door
for a few hours, and mark the result among them with a
(lo'/.en lights if you wish, leave the daylight streaming in-
to their room and all is "quiet on the Potomac" not a bee
starring, and some of the stocks are dead, as far as sound
from them is concerned. We have carefully noted these
facts in our winter experiments and have become satisfied
that (Hany losses may be traced to the fact of crowding
too many stocks into a room, and then poorly supplying
them, with the necessary elements to sustain life.

J. Oatmau & Co., Dundee, 111. Jan. 13th, 1877.

Friend O. you are striking on another point
on whicli Doctors disagree, for several have
strongly objected to the disturbance caused by
ojjening the doors thus in winter. Have you
(lone the same in former seasons, and not had
much trouble with "spring dwindling':"'
Would not a tube attached to your stove pipe,
ventilate just as well, and be a great saving of
time and trouble ? Of course the mats are
good, but are not chaff cushions cheaper,
cleaner, and handier ?

FEKTILE WORKERS.

Please tell me how you find a fertile worker, to be
■replaced by a queen. I have had one in a hive which
killed evei-y queen introduced ; I failed to find her
and had to break the hive up and secure the
combs. W. T. Seal.

Chadds' Ford, Pa., Dec. 14th, 1876.

You do not need to And the fertile worker,
and it would do very little good if you did, for
others would take her place if you killed her,
and in fact there are usually if not always,
several workers, which do this kind of egg lay-
ing. The remedy and prevention, are one and
tiie same ; never allow a colony to be for one
week without eggs and brood, under nvij cir-
cumstances, and if you are so careless as to
get a case of the kind on your hands, go at
once and give them as many combs of unseal-
ed brood as they can cover ; yon can then in-
troduce a queen in this, as well as to any other
>itock.

hives did but llttlo ia this part of Missouri, eoTCi ;\'v-
iug no surplus whatever. My hoicy i» nicely candied
and sells as readily as honey in the comb. Hare re-
tailed about 200 lbs. and am trying t» sell it ixU near
home. I retail at i2>i cts., and wk«lesale at 11 cts.
If desired I will glre my modun operandi In selling
honey and establishing honey nsarkels, etc.

Shelbyville, Mo., Jan. 11th, 1877.

Let us have it by all means.

extracting, when to do it, TRIANGULAR COMB
GUIDES, ETC.

Do you extract honey before the bees have
swarmed ? How ofte» during wne season should the
honey be extracted from one hive ? Whea does the
extracting season ead, if the beca arc to be wintered
on the summer stand ? Is It CTar safe to extract from
Mrst swarms if we want them to winter well ? I use
the Quinby hive and expect t» ase your comb founda-
tions. Is it necessary to mak* the top of the frames
triangular if I use the fdn. ?

Charles W. Whbttington.

Paddy's Mills, Va., Dec. 26th, 1876.

As we often receive questions like the above,
it may be well to attempt an answer, even if it
does seem like asking the same questions in
regard to gathering hen's eggs — we gather
them as long as the hens continue to lay.
Briefly, we of course extract before swarming,
for it is almost the only way to prevent
swarming, and we extract as often as the
hives are filled — sometimes as often as every
third day, and again at intervals of two or
three weeks. We prefer to use two story
hives, and in that case we let them fill the
lower story towards the last of the season, or
even in the middle, and do all our extracting
from the upper combs. In this case we of
course extract all they put into the upper
combs. A first swarm that did no more than
to fill its combs once, we should regard as
rather slow. The honey may be taken from
them before the hive is half filled with comb,
and they seem to get along just as well, with
a good yield. We consider a triangular comb
guide a waste of space inside of the hive, as
well as a waste of lumber under any circum-
stances. More than that, the bees find it al-
most impossible to fasten their combs securely
to such a top bar. It has for a long time,
been pretty generally abandoned.

M. E. McMaster's report for 1876.
I took my 3o stands of bees through the winter of
lS7.i-76 without loss, increased them during the season
to 48 and took ."^OOO lbs. of extracted honey and 100 lbs.
«fcomb. In all 5100 lbs, of first-class honey, Ijcsides
loaving the bees plenty in" the hives. Average num-
ber of lbs. to original stand over lif. Uees in box

I have just received from 3Ir. L. U. Root, son-in-law
of the greatly lamented M. Quinby, one of their im-
proved smokeri. I have now used one of these, wliich
cost me only $1,50, two years. I consider it an inval-
uable aid in the operations of the apiary, and would
not be without it at double the price. My old one is
as good as new. The leather broke last fall, but 25
cents worth of material and an hour's work, made it
as good as ever. Mr. Bingham of thi? state has two
forms of smokers, essentially the same as the Quinby.
They are of a still stronger material, and draft, but
cost 50 cents more.

I wish especially Mr. Editor, to express regret that
I stated in the "Manual of the Apiary" that thie was
patented by Mr. Quinby, the more as it was charac-
teristic of this generous man, to give his inventions to
the public, which practice I believe knew no excep-
tion. The excellence and cheapness of the Quinb.jr
smoker, I think leaves little to be desired.

A. J. Cook, Lansing, Mich., Jan. 20th, 1877.

There are quite a number of our friends,
that we think would do well to follow our la-
mented friend's example, especially, as the
greater part of them never rcali/e a tenth part
of the luouey, that they pay the Patent Oflicc.

50

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb.

OPENING IIIVKS OFTEN, IS IT HARMFUL ?

Your free and easy manner of speaking about
opening hives, I think if liable to mislead the inexpe-
rienced. Some say. disturb the bees as little as pos-
sible ; from my very limited experience I have found
that opening a hive disconcerts the bees for several
hours afterwards. Is it proper to open a hive as
often as you please, for any purpose whatever ? You
speat of opening a hive to ascertain whether they
are building straight comb or drone comb, to see if
they have queen cells, have the swarming fever, to
pick out worms, etc., etc. I wish for more definite
instructions in tliis matter. Is it proper to open a
hive once a day, once a week, month, or how often .'
Jas. H. Parsons, Jiranklin, N. Y., Jan. 5th, '77.
Some one said lie could not dig his potatoes
several feet away from the hives, his bees vv^ere
so cross, and he could not comprehend that the
same bees would allow their hive to be taken
all in pieces and the combs scattered all about,
without making a single hostile demonstra-
tion. The motion of hoeing, or chopping, or
even driving nails with a hammer, seems to
arouse their combative tendencies, especially
If at a little distance from their hives ; per-
haps they think the blows are aimed at their
unoffending selves. When we open a hive
they look up to see what is going on, precise-
ly as your horses and cattle put out their
noses as you come near them ; if they have
seen you before and know by past experience
that you have no purpose of vexing or harm-
ing them through carelessness, they soon re-
sume their duties, undisturbed. Have young
bees no opportunity of knowing you ? Young
bees seldom lead in an attack, and in a hive,
a part take the lead, and the rest follow;
therefore young bees will behave just as if
they had had the experience of the older ones.
During our experiments with fdn., we opened
hives morning night and noon, and when
friends were present, they were opened again,
yet these colonies were the very best we had,
and that for comb honey too. Fine theories
about letting nature have her way may sound
very well, but reports from practical men are
all in favor of opening hives often while the
hees are geiting lianey. We usually chose gen-
tle stocks for our experiments, yet on one oc-
casion it was convenient to use one of the
very crossest hybrids, and for the first few
days, we really thought we should have to use
smoke ; but after a short time they became ac-
customed to these intrusions, so much so that
they were as peaceful as any in the apiary ;
this experiment has been verified in man}/ in-
stances. A question is asked on first page, we
will answer here.

HANDLING BEES IK THE CELLAK.

Although this may be done at times with-
out injury, we must consider it very injudi-
cious. If you have weak stocks, give them
plenty of food, and pack them in as saiall a
compass as you can with chaff cushions, and
then let them alone. To be sure they will
come out if you open their hives, and to use
smoke under such circumstances seems cruel
and useless. If they must be examined, wait
until a warm day, set them on their usual
summer stands, and none will be lost, or ser-
iously injured.

1 Italianized one colony last September and will
Italianize the rest next spring; cannot from exper-

ience tell which will be the best, but am so well
pleased with my yellow pets, I shall try for more.
Many have been to see them, and if I had queens I
could sell almost any quantity of them.
J. L. McDanibl. Webbford P. O., N. C. Dee. 28, '70.

Why would not a hive made with double ends pack-
ed with chaff between, and chaff cushions at sides,

answer instead of your chaff hive ? W. G. Phelps.
Milford, Del. Jan. 8th, 1876.

Such a hive would doubtless answer very
well, but it would make the ordinary Simplic-
ity much more complicated and expensive,
and we are pretty confident we can make a
very good wintering and springing hive, by
the use of the chaff cushions, as it is. The
matter is now being carefully tested.

PROPOLIS ANL> simplicity HIVES.

"Won't the bees so fill up the space on the bottom of thw
front and back of your hive (inside) with propolis, that is
will not lit on top of another hive after being in use for a
short time? Ebnbst Shumam.

Breckenridge, Mo. Jan. 8th, 1877.

They do fill up with propolis as you men-
tion, to soiue extent, yet not so as to make
any serious difficulty in setting old hives over
others, even after they have been several sea-
sons in use. We do not ordinarily require to
set old hives over others, unless we have our
bees die out badly. We have been accustomed
to remove the upper story, frames and all, du-
ring the winter, putting them back again la
the spring. Propolis has annoyed us very
much by sticking to our fingers and clothes,
but we do not remember that it ever came in
the way of setting Simplicity hives over each
other, more than to make them stick, as alt
upper stories do with heavy old stocks.

I will give you some of my gleanings ; to begin, I hine
kept bees 57 years.

AJIOUNT CONSUMED IN WINTER.

I have weighed bees in the middle of September and
again the first of April and have found them from 9 to *i.S
lbs. lighter. I have doubled, trebled and quadrupled
swarms in the fall often, and found them to do no better
than just a fair swarm, although they will eat more than
an ordinary swarm. One fall, I got four hives of bees, or
rather the bees of four good swarms, put them with, j*
fair swarm of my own, weighed them carefully in Sept.
and then in April, and they had eaten just 23 lbs. of honey.
An ordinary swarm at the same time ate as much.

MOVING BEES SHOET DISTANCB8.

Early this fall I moved at least IJS} miles and took soine
of my bees ; they went back in great numbers. 1 brought,
away the rest when tke weather was cool and I think
scarcely any went back. When a boy (in Scotland) 1
gathered penny by penny and bought a second swarm of
bees and as soon sis I could gather another seven pence 1
bought a lb. of Muscovado sugar with it. It gave a
swarm S8th of May, also a second and third. Thick-
ness of syrup, three measures of sugar to one of water.
That hive got a number of lbs. of sugar. Never saw a
moth miller about a hi vo till I came to this country ;tl
years ago. I f I had no queens before July, I would S!iy
so in advertisement. How soon could one get dolliir
queens from the south? Jno. Dawson.

Pontiac, Mich. Jan. 6th, 1877.

Rather trying on bees, this protracted culd snap, but
all right yet ;— 52 colonies in double walled hives, Laiii;-
stroth— one of J. S. Hills students, you see. Success lo
him and to Gleanings. Jonas Scholl.

• Lyons Station, Ind. Jan. 8th, 1877.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

51

§m f /)/p^.

UEE WATS ARE WATS OF PLEASANTNESS, AND Xhh H ER
PATHS AUE PEACE.— ^rUOVEKBS, li : 17.

SOME ladies were f^peakina: of a towu in
our cotiiity wh^re Siibhath bruikinfj and
inlempcrauce pvevailcl to such an exti'ut, that
it was rtiilly ahiiiniiig. I ciKjuirtci a little
aud was told that iiiatt-ers had be«n growing
■worse for some years, and it rtally stemed
nothing could be done. Was there no Sab-
liath school there, I etquircd V There had
been none for several years, and the nearest
one was very fast falling away. This was at
ti general dinner table at a conference meeting.
It was almost the flrst time I had attended
i>uch exercises and 1 had been announced to
address the children that evening. I snggest-
-id that a Sabbath t-chool be started in that
Axry town, and that the i.ower of kindncf-s be
tried with ihe people.

"And since you have advised such a mea-
>iure, are not you just the one to do it?"

"I should like the work, above all things,"
was my reply, and almost before_.l knew it, in
2iict before I had stopped to count the cost,_ I
had promised to try.

Evening came, and two ministers lalke*^^ ^o
the children, before my tuin came; it was
.■^ome1hing I was quite unused to, and as I re-
ararkcd the easy self-possessed way in which
they spoke, 1 became more and more eiistuib-
4 el and nervous, and began to wonder how it
lame about that any one ever thought me ca-
pable of doing such work even tolerably. At
la.'^t my name was called, and in my anxiety
1o do well before so large an audience I lear I
iriecl to talk something as ministeis talk to
ehildren, forgetting that God alvyajs wants
Just our own simple selves just as we are
without a particle of any adelition of any kind.
Tlie consequence was that I fo]got nearly all
T had proposed lo say, anel became so embar-
raS'Sed anel contused that even the points I had
marked down en a bit of paper, became unin-
telligible in my worried anel troubled state of
miriei. My mind kept luuniug on the Sabbath
sehcol 1 had piemJsed to open, anel without
proposing to do so, I again publicly committtel
myself, so that there leally seemed no backing
out.

I beg leave to digress a little here. When I
Hist IduiKl myself in sympathy with the
churches and Sabbath schools, 1 lelt it a duty
to publicly recall many things I had been liv-
ing and teaching, anel I askeel for a few mo-
ments at one of cur Sunday evening union
meetings. During those first days of the new
lile, I had been learning to look for guidance
in nearly every act in life, but in this case,
strangely enough, I forgot the "paths" that
Avere ^^roving so peaceful, so far as to think I
could write something "myself,'' that would
be just the thing. Accordingly I "wrote," anel
went to meeting with the "precious paper' in
my pocket. Almost as soon as 1 was seated,
I began to feel that I had made a mistake.
"What 1 had written, was tco much after the
>1yle of sermons, and would rc<iuirc the skill
ot a minister to bring out, even if it were
worth bringing out at all.

"Get up and go out," whispered a voice. "If
you are not present, no one will think but
that you are sick, or something of the kind. I
would not make a laughing stock of myself for
anybody."

"Such refuges might have answereel a few
months ago," replies a quiet voice, "but now
you are enlisted under other colors, and you
have [)romised to face trial*;, and humilatious
if need be."

"But you have made a nnstake, and if you
go ahead, you will make a woi-se fool of your-
self than you ever did before; your friends
will })ity. while others will smile in ridicule
and derision. Can you submit to this, is it a
duty r"

"All this and even more, should it be the
will of your Master. Peihaps this is Just the
lesson you need for your spiritual growth, and
with your new found Friend near, you need not
be afraid to risk the ridicule of all the kings
and princes of earth."

During the half hour I sat still, I was pret-
ty well disciplined, and when called for, I
arose humble, anel ready to be led, wherever
or to whatever duty, that quiet voice might
lead. As I stepped out among the people it
seemed to say "fear not," and as I thought of
the paper the same voice bade me to let it rest
securely, and words would be given me to
speak. Quietly and simply, I told them of my
new life, and how much I regretted that I had
so long held aloof from that new found Sav-
iour ; I assureel them that if any cared to talk
with me in future, in regaid to the subject, I
would most gladly help'them all I could. As
I passed back to my seat, can you imagine the
feelings of Joy and gratitude with which I
thanked that strong Friend, who had led me
safely in "paths of peace V"

Now we are ready to go back — or rather
forward — to that Sabbath school. After the
address to the children, I at first resolved
I would stay at home hereafter, and work at
something 1 could do tolerably ; but I only felt
more uneasy after this decision. When I de-
cided to kt the Sabbath school matter drop,
hoping every body woulel soon forget it, I felt
still more, that my path ahead was getting to
be anything but one of "pleasantness anel
peace." Thereupon, 1 decided lo go straight
back to the coulerence, on the morning of the
seconel day, and when I was once seated in my
buggy. It oeeured to me for the flrst time that
1 might visit the town of the proposed school
on my way and thus keep mj^ promises good,
both in letter and spirit. Alter I had turned
my horse's head in that direction — it was
about the first of May '7G— I was about as hap-
py— as one usually is alter they have wander-
ed a little out of, the path of duty, and found
it again. The biids sang, the trees and fields
wore a brighter green, and all nature seemed
trying to make my "path" a pleasant one.

"A Sunday school in our village I" saiel the
first individual to whom I mentioned the mat-
ter, "Why we are away past things of that
sort ; you certainly can not be in earnest V

I assured him I was, anel asked for the
trustees of the school house. One of them
was found in one of the saloons, but when
made to understand the object of my call, re-
plied that he never heard of Sunday schools

52

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb.

doing any harm, and bis children all promised
to come, as did all the little ones at the dis-
trict school when I went in and talked with
them. This promise they have most faithfully
kept, for during our zero weather, and in spite
of storms and snow drifts, I find them always
on hand.

After everything was pleasantly arranged
for the opening of the school on the next
Sabbath, 1 went on to the conference meeting.
There was quite a disposition, then, to boast
u little of my success and the fine way in
which I was getting along, but a better im-
pulse said, "Will it not be a better way to do
all this work quietly, and say but little about
it, unless you aie asked ?" This voice pre-
vailed, and very thankful am I that it did so.
To one who is constantly in danger of carry-
ing things to extremes, it is a most comforting
thought, to feel that wc shall be even guarded
from these errors, if We are only willing to be
led. I remember telling my mother, about
this time, that in all my other works in life,
I constantly feared getting away into extrav-
gant ideas of things that 1 might look back to
and regret afterward, but that in this new
work, I felt I should be warned and
checked, if I only asked daily to be shown my
faults and failings.

From that time to this, one of the pleasant-
est paths I have in life, has been with that
Sabbath school. Through all kinds of weath-
er, it has seemed far easier to go than to re-
main at home, and not one postponement has
there been so far. Once, and only once, I de-
cided to remain at home on account of a se-
vere rain storm, but after the horse and buggy
had been sent back, I began to feel so lost, and
for all Ihe world, "like a fish out of water,"
that I very soon made up my mind the rain
would be the lesser of the two evils ; and
when once on the way, my path seemed pleasant
and peaceful once more. It is true only a few
little boys were there to greet me, but we had a
very nice time going over the lesson after all,
1 felt most emphatically that God was with
us, for we were in the path of duty, aud had
shown our good will to Him and Kis cause.

A time came, along towards winter, when it
was deemed advisable that the school should
be given up until another summer, but I talk-
with the children in regard to the matter, and
told them I would be on hand all winter if
they would, and that if the school failed, I
would be the last one on the ground. I felt
that if I looked constantly to the right source
for help, it would not fail, nor has it. Just
about this time business became very dull,
and like many another mortal, I found that
our expenses were more than our income. I
dismissed a part of the hands, and —

Just here allow me to digress a little.
When the school was commenced, I had not
the remotest idea, that it would ever be a prof-
itable investment pecuniarly ; but on the con-
trary, cheerfully accepted the livery bills, bills
for books and lesson papers, and proposed to
pay it all out of my own pocket. To make
the room look pleasant and cheerful to the
children I carried a little clock to encourage
prompt habits, and a plated call bell to avoid
talking and introduce system and regularity.
The room was very dirty and unpleasant at

first, and finally my wife suggested to the wo-
men of the neighborhood that it should be
scrubbed. The hint was not lost, for we had
for some time after, as pleasant a room as one
could wish, and one little girl in describing the
event, said they actually "poured as much as
a half dozen pails of water right on the floor."'
Well, after the 3d or 4th Sabbath, I mentioned
that if anyone wished to assist our Sabbath
school, they could after the school was over,
drop a penny or moi'e, in the little box on the
stand. As soon as school was over, there was
a rush for the box, and they not only soon
paid for their lesson papers, but paid for some
of Moody and Sankey's singing books, and
their contributions have ever since avei-aged
more in proportion to their number, than onr
own school here in town. One of our livery
men who was a church member, gave me a
horse and buggy, and often a double carriage,
at 75c each Sabbath, less than half the usual
rates, making this expense much less than I at
first calculated. Again, many times in my
life, I have needed the services of quite a num-
ber of hands, but humilating as it was, I was
obliged to confess that I was unequal to the
task of taking-charge of more than a half doz-
en at one time profitably. I was either easy
and careless with them, or cross and fault-
finding, and as business began to increase du-
ring the summer months, I made the discovery
that the same spirit that made a good Sabbatii
school teacher or superintendent, made a good
employer. In other words, when I studied
the future good of those in my employ, anil
talked to them about bad habits, respect for
the Sabbath, etc., in a spirit that made me
want to pray for them, they straightway be-
came faithful and profitable hands. Here
came in the reward for my work on the Sab-
bath, and in a direction, to me, most unex-
pected. I have an own brother, who goes
with me Sundays occasionally, but who thinks
I am a little fanatical, I fear ; in mentioning
the matter to him, he exclaimed, "Why that is
only plain common sense ; if you treat
a person wfell and kindly, they will of course
try to please you in return." Very likely the
true spirit that Christ taught, is plain com-
mon sense, but unfortunately, it is of a kind
that oftentimes reaches farther than human
vision can foresee. Suppose a modern scien-
tist should say to an individual,

"Go away off to heathen lands, and teach
them good morals. Leave your pleasant homo
and friends, and let the thought that you are
loving your neighbor as yourself, sustain you
in all your trials and hardships, and when you
die, you will be cheered by the thought that
you have added to the wealth and commei'ce
of the world, by carrying civilization among
savages."

There may be those who would heed such
an appeal, but I must confess, that to me it
would be rather "slim comfort."

At the time I felt it a duty to reduce wages,
I had been dreading to speak of the matter for
a long time, disliking to give the pain I felt it
must, to those about me. I was astonished to
find that all acquiesced pleasantly and cheer-
fully, and one of the employees even men-
tioned that he had expected u. Think you
that "strikes" could ever occur where such a

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

53

spirit exists between the one who furnishes
the capital and those who furnisii tlie labor?
Well, in spite ol' what seemed close economy,
expenses seemed every (hiy determined to ex-
ceed income. Pajier must be purchased lor
another year, materials must be had, or work
could not go on at all, and the daily demands
for money, for purposes that could not be set
aside seemed coming thicker and faster. Fi-
nally the source from which money had been
furnished me for so many years, with no other
condition than that I paid the interest prompt-
ly, unexi)ectedly asked security. I have al-
ways prided myself on being able to get along
without asking anybody to be responsible for
me in any w^ay, and on the same grounds,
could decline being responsible for the mis-
takes of others. I had talked for years of the
beauty of having everybody independent, and
of going without things rather than run any
risk of causing others to suffer by our faults
or failures, of going in debt no farther than
our property would safely make good under
any circumstances. When I looked about to
see whex'e the errors had been, to see where I
had made bad or injudicious investments, it
looked all right, yet the fact stood squarely
before us, (my wife and I, for she shares all the
trials and triumphs of business, and even
when I am headstrong and do not heed her
ivisc counsels, she accepts the condition of
things precisely as if it were her own work),
that we were in debt in a way that we had no
business to be, and that it was positively
wrong and sinful. Hand in hand, we bowed
before that Father who had so often guided us
in trouble, and very soon we saw our mis-
takes, and the safe path to take in the future.

A lew illustrations will serve to point out
the way in which that path of peace was
shown, and disagreeable, humble, toilsome
and laborious as it seemed at fust sight, how
pleasant and easy it became, after I had once
accepted and started out in it. One of the
man}' items was the section box ; I felt that I
must have a set of saws to groove stuff 2 inch-
es wide, but it would cost more money than I
— in fact I knew such bills for machinery
must be stopped. But our friends must have
the section boxes, and they must be made in
a way that would be simplest and best for them.
I turned to that same Friend for counsel, and
then looked to see what could be done with
the tools I had. The result was given in the
January No., and 1 had not only saved my
money, but showed our thousand readers how
tliey might save theirs in a similar way ; not
only this, but it is really almost the only plan
by which this work can be done with foot
]wwer saws, for they have not sufficient power
to drive 7 or 8 saws at once. The same ideas
will apply to all appliances about the apiary,
and if having small meai s at my command
will fit me better or make Gr.KANiNcs of more
viilue to the masse?, I earnestly pray that I
may be spared from much !)rosperity.

Seventy-five cents each Sabbath, would be
.^oO.OO for livery for that Sabbath school ; we
decided at once, that such an amount could
not be spared, but / very quickly decided in
my own mind, that I would go on foot. I did
not nieutiaii it, fjr I wished to test my povicrs
of walking first, and I really long'al for the

time, that I might see how much of a task it
was going to be. If 1 lacked strength, I felt
that it would be given me, and this feeling
was strengthened by reading on a scrap of pa-
per that fell in my way, that Moody had said
(Jod always gave all the strength that was
needed, to those \\\\o were willing to work for
him. I walked the 10 miles— 5 there and as
many back — the first Sabbath very easily, but
as the road was (piite snowy I felt the effects
of it for a day or two. This I expected, but
the next time I felt it much less, and about
the third trip, scarcely at all. Now there !s
scarcely anything I look forward to with
more pleasure, than my Sabbath afternoon's
walk.

$ch§ and imfki.

=fjfynr?;OW low a temperature will bees endure, safely,
J°jfi'|[ with no extra protection ? [Hard to determine,
perhaps 20°.] How low, when protected by a
house with straw packing six inclies thick all around
except in front, so that when the doors of the liouso
are opened, the front o; the hive is exposed ? [Unless
the packing is close to the bees, ice wunld prefer to have
them in the open air.'] How long will bees remain
safely dormant, at one time? {Certainly i^ months ;
some of our successful ones think they could keep them
a year, in a good cellar.]

One man reports most of liis swarms dead, frozen
solid. His hives stand out with no protection. An-
other, with a liouse and straw packing, except in
front, says several of his colonies have their entran-
ces filled solid with ice. But on raising the cap, and
canvas on top of tlie comb frames, the bees i)onred
out and he was obliged to c^ose them in, at once. lie
then left the cap a little ajar for ventilation. I will
only say, that my swarm, purchased Aug. 23d, '7G, and
pronounced all right, by our professional apiarist,
W. M. Kellogg, when placed in winter quarters,
(house with six inch straw packing, except in front),
seems now all rigbt. E. Child.

Oneida, Ills., Jan. 10th, 1877.

A neighbor wanted some logging done last spring,
so lather let me take tho oxen and I worked one day,
in return for which lie put the Ilrst swarm he had
come out, June 15th, into a large box hive for us.
Father said I might call them mine, and I tell you
they worked busily. They swarmed July 12th, be-
sides making 19 lbs. of nice honey for us. In Oct.
th2 largo hive weighed 57 lbs. and small one 25 lbs.
independent of the hives. For wintering I set them
on the east side of a knoll, built a little house
around them, packed 6 or 8 inches of chaff and
straw around the hives and covered them over to
keep out wat3r, leaving a little upward ventilation.
I fixed the hives so the bees could fly. They don't
carry out any dead ones and seem to be wintering
weP. I am going to school, but what spare time I
get I work at making hives; am going to use tho
Standard frame, think it about right. Now proba-
bly I shall have to feed that little swarm before
spring and I want to ask you a few questions. Do
you think artificial honey woiUd l)e good to feed?
It is composcil of syrup made of A sugar with a
little cream tartar, and two or three drops of pep-
lirrmint essence; they ate this in the fall as quick-
ly as lioncy. 'l-4> good as sugar and it\tfer nlone, but
iij better.^ Do you think 1 have adopted the w)'ong

54

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Feb.

frame ? [Yes.] If a bad odor arises from a hive In
buckwheat time, is it caused by buckwheat ho»ey
or foul brood ? [BucJctoheat.l If you should get time
between now and 6])ring to answer this letter will
you please put in a few bee b;ilm seed if you have
them ? But ilon't put yourself out of the way for
me. With much l^ve to— 1 gues? I will have to call
you our Teacher in the Bee Scliool— I close. One
more question I didn't tliink of last night. Will
Italian queens mix with black drones if they are
a halt mile apart ? [Yes, or even three milea or
more. Be sure and tell us more about that swarm
fou got for logging and its increase.] O. F. BOAVEX.
Randolph, N. Y. Jan. 1st, 1877.

How would virgin queens from an imported mother at
25c. each, take, in place of larvaj ? I think I have got "the
feeder." Take any tin cup or dish, cut a small hole
throujch the bottom and solder a ring like a very short
bottle neck, on around the hole ; stretch a cloth over this,
tie by winding a string round the neck and bore a hole
through the honey board to admit the neck. You can
feed summer or winter will equal facility ; you need not
open the hive at all. No waste, no robbing and no daub-
ing. H. P. Sayles, Hartford, Wis. Jan. 17th, 1877-

FEEDEKS,ANI> SELLING VIRGIN QUEENS.

[Vii:i;in queens can be raised for 2oc. each, with the
lamp nursery without any trouble at all, but before they
could reach the purchaser, they would be so old as to be
almost useless, unless some method of introduction can
be invented, better than any now known. To be c:mdid,
we have little faith that a virgin queen a week old can be
introduced by any process. Your feeder is old, but good ;
the objections are that you have to cut a hole through your
quilt or honey board right over the cluster, aKd that
thick and thin syrup, do not work equally well.]

I have sent to Dadant & Son for an imported colony. I
have 80 colonies and nearly all are pure Italians. ' The
imported stock makes me 81 good strong stocks to begin
\v\t\\ in the spring. They are all in frames 12x12 and
17x12. I have '.Wi gltiss boxes (5x(j tilled with comb honey.
I will want tOOO frames and sections.

Hakiiin Haines, Vermont, 111., Jan. 1877.

Is not ours the banner county for honey ? One citizen
(J. S. Harbison) has sent 13 car loads of ten tons each, to
the ea.'>tern states this season. E. W. Morse.

San Diego, Cal. Jan. 9th, 1877.

I am wintering 130 colonies ; 89 in bee house with 20
inch walls tilled in with sawdust. The remaining 11 are
on their summer stands, packed around and aliove with
fine haj wiiich I consider equal to anything I have ever
tried for packing. Jacob Uleet.

Northampton, O., Dec. 21st, 1820.

My bees are doing better in cellar this winter than ever
before. I have one of Karnes' Circular saws, and for
making bee hives it is hard to beat. A. F. SxArFFEE.

Sterling, 111. Jan. 17th, 1877.

We should always be provided with empty worker
comb to replace any we remove Iroin the centre ot tlie
hive ; there is certainly no need of getting drone
comb unless we wish.

We should bo glad to continue to send Gleanings and
A. li. J. for S2.25, but friend Newm:iu and ourselves .agree
that we might run short of bread and butter unless we
have about 82.50 ; that will therefore be the priee hero-
iifter.

(^'an send you a foot power buzz saw on trial and if
it does not suit, you can return ic with no other ex-
jiense than the transportation. For particulars, send
for our new lu-ice list of saws, etc., describing the new
•nttachraerit for dovetailing section boxes.

PouNBATiON made of common yellow wax, can be
shipped during the culdest we:ii her in winter, while all
iittenip-t a' shiii|;iiig the wliito during zero we.'ither have
r( suited i'l its licing nil broken in hits. Antjther tin. thing
in favor of the yelluw. is that it bleaches itself by b;-ing
kept; some that was made almost a year ago, was fuund
to have cliauired to a bull', or cream color, even lliou.rh it
had been kept all the lime ia a clo.so.l box. Now CDm-s

the question, is this homemade white wax, brittle, like
that made at the factories ? Candidly, it is not, and it
seems but little if any different from the yellow, yet it is
not perfectly white, like the other. We are perfectly
satisfied that the yellow is all that is required for comb
honey, but are not at present prepared to decide whether
it is best to use tdn. with side walls for comb honey or
not ; both answer nicely, but that with walls, is worked
most rapidly, while the other is considerably the cheap-
est, per square foot.

■^^►^»#»-- Cw

ANNUAL, MEETING.

The Seventh Annual meeting of the North-eastern
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the Tem-
PEKANCE Hotel in the city of Syracuse, N. Y., on
the 7th 8th and 9th of February, 1877. First session at
1 o'clock r. M. of the 7th. Interesting papers are ex-
pected from eminent apiarians from abroad. Efforts
are being made to sustain the popularity and useful-
nfSi of the Association. Several members are expect-
ed to read essays or deliver addresses.

Come prepared to report accurately, the season's
operations. W^e wish to know the number of stocks
kept, spring and fall, condition, kind of hive, amount
of honey produced, box and extracted, wax made, re-
marks on the value of the honey teason, etc. The
statistical table prepared by this Association is orig-
inal and will again be arranged.

R. IJacon, Pres. J. II. Nellis, Sec'y.

VXhUhU BEES.

Imported and home bred queens ; full colonies and
nucleus colonies; bee keeper's supplies of all kinds.
Queens bred early in the season. Send for catalogue.

„ . ,,„„ for catalogue.

DR. J. P. II. BROWN,

Augusta, Ga.

I shall imjiort pure Italian queens for my own use
next June, and will import for iiarties wishing them,
and ordering before Ajiril 1st, at a cost of §6,00 each.
Purchasers must lake all risks after the queens leave
New York. For particulars address,
1 R. FERRIS, Belleville, Essex Co., N. J.

Bee-keepers and all others who desire to purchase teeds
for the farm, apiary, nursery, flower or vesetable garden ;
agricultural or apiarian implements, supplies, &c., should
send for our new descriptive catalogue. Price list tree.
Address, carefully,
C. F. LANE'S N-W. Apiary and Seed Warehouse.
1 Koshkonong, Wis.

ITALIAH QUEEKS FOR 1877.

Queens bred from Imiiortcd or home bred stock.
Safe arrival guaranteed. >Vill send j'ou every time
just what you order.

Uuwarrantcd queen Si 00

" " jier doz 1150

Warranted " 150

" " per hall doz 8 00

" " per doz... 14 00

Tested " before July 1st 3 50

after " " 2 60

" " " " "4 for 9 00

" " " " "per doz.. 20 00

2 frame nucleus (frame 11x12) and tested (lueen

after July 1st 5 00

5 same 2(i (0

Same aud unwarranted queen 4 00

5 " " 17 00

2tr J. O ATM AN & CO., Dundee, Ills.

Qy IN BY S^i^OK E R.

liox mateiial for as desirable a box
as can be made. General bee-keeping
supjjlies.

Send for illustrated descriptive cir-
cular. E. C. i;OOT.
2ifd Mohawk, Herkimer Co., N. Y.

187 r.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

.A_ID^VEIl.TISE3VrElSrTS.

Advertlseiiicnts will bcicceivod jit the rale oi' ten
cents per line, Nonpan 11 space, each insTtion, cash
in a<lvance: an<l we iKjulie that<veiy Atlveitiser sat-
isUcs us ot respons-ihliliv and inter.lion to <lo all tliat
he agrees, and til a 111 is goods arc really worlii Uic
jirice aeked lor llieni*

IIIA.VK about 'iO(K. lljs. of nice ext'd lioney, wliloh I
offer at lUc cash. (i. M. DALE, iUvrder Plains, la.

Names of respons^iblc parties will be inserted in
«;illier of tlie fol lowing departments, at a unlfonn price
of lOe. racli inpertinn^or Sl.to per year.

XainfX inserted in i/iis ilii>nriiiuii< tlitfirsi tiwewith-
out charge. Ajter, 10c. cacli insert iaiu or.vl W per near.

Those whose names appear below, agree to lurnish
Italian Queens tlie coming season lor ^1.0(i each, under
the following conditions: No gu«rantee is to be as-
sumed of puritv, sate delivery, or an.vlhing of the
kind, oulj' that the <iiieen 1 e reared Irom a choice, pure
nioiher, and hail commenced to lay when they were
frhipped. They also agree to return the money at any
time when customers become impatient of sucli delay
as may be unav(>idable.

Beal in mind that lie who sends the best queens, put

u)) neatest and most eecurelv, will probably receive

the most orders. Special riites lor warranted and

tei-tcd queens, lurnishcd on application to any of the

parties. Names with *, use and imported queen moth-

If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.

*G. W. Dean, Hiver Styx. Medina Co., O.

*J. Oatmnn & (^o.. Dundee. 111. 1-lM

*E. W. Hale, Wirt, V. H., West Va. <M)

*j. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md. 1-G

•Dr. J. P. H. 15. own, Augusta, Cia. i»tf

'Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis. 1-12

*Wm. J. Andrewp, Columbia, Tenn. 2-2

*Hardin Haines, Vermont, Fulion Co., Ills. 2t4

Probably the lirst of June will be as soon asjlthey

can be furnished; those who want them sooner, will

have to take higher priced ones.

Ili-vo ]>Xaiivifactxirers.

A. I. Root. Medina, Ohio.
M. S. Wefct, Pontiac. Mich.
Geo. W. Simmons, Newaik, Del.

f.-fi
112

IMPI.F]Tir,!\TS mis. BEE CI I/ritSE AL-
I*HABEfiiCALE¥ AI&ISAKCiEir.

For deseriplious of the various articles, tee our ninth
edition circular found in I'cb. No., Vol. IV., or mail-
ed on a pp lien I ion.

This price list to be taken in place of those of former
date.

Mailable articles arc designated in tlie left hand col-
innn of figures ; the tigures giving the amount of jMstage
required-

Canada postage on merchandise is limited to S%
■oz., and nothing can be sent tor less than 10c.
Bees, full colony amply provided for winter, in

our new two story, chaff hi\ e (described Nov. jiiid

Dee.No's .. 7ti), tested queen from imported mother,

safe arrival guaranteed. . (Lawn hive $1 more.) . .^\T> 00

The same in a 1 story Simplicitv hive l.'J dO

The same in old style L. hive with portico, etc 12 Oo

The same with hybrid queen 10,00

The f-anie not pro\isioned for winter 7,00

We think we can iirepare bees for i^hipping safely any
nuiiith in the year; when we fail in so doing.we will give
«lue notice.

0 I Binder, Emerson's, for Gle.vnings 50, CO, 75

I Balm.ces, spiing, for s'uspended hive (tiO lbs) 8,00

10 I Bkeks, iron, for metal cornered frame making 15

I Barrels for h< iiey. S2..'"i0 ; \v«xed nnd painted Sl.CO

Buzz-saw, fool-iiower, complete; citcul;ir with cuts free
on application. Two saws and two Kauges included. J;}5 ( 0
0 I Buzz-saws, extra, fi in. 1.50; 7 in.. 1.75; S inch.. 2 00
(JO 1 Buzx saw mandrel and boxes complete for (I inch

I saws • 5 0((

I The same for 7 and s incli saws (not mailable).. 8 00

I Comb Found:iti(in .Aliicliines complete 8C0 to 100 00

fiO I ChalT cushions for wintering :^0

25 I Chaff cnslii<in dni^ion boartls 2((

Half price without the flialf, and poslHgu 5 and i'c.
20 I Candy for bees, <'an be fed at any season, per Ih. 17

20 I Corners, metal, per hundred 1 00

25 I " ■■ top only 1 2.")

15 I " " boltcm, iier kuiidred 75

On l.OOOor more a discount of 10 percent. Mill boraudc,
and on lO.tKK) 25 per cent. The latter will be given tu
those who adverti.sc >i;ct;d cornered frames.

Ill
.M
01 i
J(»

0.-.

1 (111
1 .'•)(>

2 25

BO

Clasps for tninsfcrrnig, iiacka'-'c of 100- 25

0 I C^iirds. queen rci^isteiiiiir. per doz 10

2 , Cages •• all of metal )•'

•1 I Cheese cloih. fur strainers, per yard 1"

12 I Dick, fur ieediusr,:indcoverin)c the frames— bees

I do not bile it--,.er yd. (2it incheswide) 20

I Extractors, accoidinir to i-i/e of frame 68 .'.0 *o 10 (»>

I ■■ inside and gearing 5 'I'

I " wax -"JM)

7 I Feeder.^. 1 q't, tin, can be used without o|)en-
I ing the hive, in warm weather— neat and

simiilc

25 I The same, (i qis, lo be used in upper elory...

1 I Frames with Metal Cornerf-

5 •• Sample Kabbet and Cla.-pp

1(1 I '• Closed end tiuinby, nailed

0 I LJi.KANlNGS, VoPs I and 11, each ^ac. Vol IV

CO I Gearing for Extractor. . .

20 I Gates, lloney, for Extractors

SIMPLICITT BEK-IIIVE.

One story hive for exiractor (body i'li- -2 covei-s
(;0i;— nailing and [lainling 20c— quill 2."-c 10 frames
00c — crating l(ic)

One story hive lor comb honey is i)rtci.-«ely the
same iis the above, substituting 2 frames of sections
for f. metal cornered frames

Ihe above 10 .sections will be Htted with fdn., and
starters leady for the bees, for 15c, and the tin sepa-
lators adde<l for 10c, making whole comilete....

The aliove two hives cojitain everything used in a 'l
ttory hive. We simply use another body tilled w ith tr-anies
or sections, lor a 2 story hive.

For a 2 story hive for the extractor, add (to 1 story
2 25) body .'jOc— nailing and painting 10c— 10 frames
0' c— crating Cc, making complete 2 st jry containing
20 frames 3 .'iO

For a 2 story hi\ e for comb honey add tto 1 story
2 25) body lOc— nailing and painting 10c— 0 franies
of sections 78c— 1 metal cornered frame Cc — crating
()C, making comjilete 2 story containiiif: 7 frames and
M .sections 3 75

If filled with Idn. starters COc— if al>o tilled with tin
sejiarators dOc, making ?4 75, if two latter items are
wanted.

To prepare the aboxe Iiives '"or Minter, put in place of
the 2 outside frames chafl cushions, price 20c each, and
a thick one on top 30c.

ICllArK HIVE Foil OIT DOCK WINTERING. 10

frames below, and 14 irames or t^O section
I boxes above, well painted and finished com-

I plete (Lawn hive 81 more.) S5 00

These hives, if supplied with stores, will, we hope,
need no attention whatever, from the time honey
ceases until it comes again the next season.

0 I Knives. Hocey ()i doz. for §.1 25) 1 00

Labels for honey, in blue and gold, dark bronze and
gold, or in white jjrinted in two colors, furnished
with .^ our own address, and source from which the
honey was gathered, already gummed, post paid b.y
mail,' (no order recM for less than 250). At these
low rates, the full number mentioned must be or-
dered without the change of one single letter of the

type lOtiO. $:i.25 ; .'300, 12,40 ; 250, Sl,SO

0 I I^ithograph of Ihe Hexagonal Apiary 2:>

I Lamp, Nursery 5 00

0 I Lai vae, lor queen rearing, Irom June to Sept, 2.t
15 I Mlcroscopt, Compound, in Mahogany box... -3 00
0 I Pieparcd objects for above, such as bees' wing.

sting, eve loot, etc., each 25

0 1 Medley of Bre-Keepers' Photos, (150 Photo's) 1 QO

0 I Magniiying Glass, Pocket W

0 1 '■ " Double lens 100

7 I Muslin, Indian head, for quilts and cushions

I per yard 10

I Paraline, for waxing barrels, per pound 20

0 I Photo, of House Apiary 25

2 I Rabbets, Metal per foot 0-'

SECTION BOXES IN THK FL.4T, PER 1,000.

Any dimensions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 0(t

'ihe above is 50 cubic inches ; for larger sizes add lO-
)ier 1,000 for each additional cubic inch or fraction of an
inch. outside nM-a-^ure.

2x4i«xJii, just risht to (it in L. frames 9 50

The.-e aie put up in pack&ges (of CI each) contain-
ing just eiiouj;!i for a 2 story hive ^CO

S;iniple by mail with fdn „ . 5

If the groo\ing for holding the fdn. is omitted, 25c Ics-i
per I.OOO!
10 I L. frame made 2 inches broad to held 8 sections 5

25 The same viith 8 sections l.'i

25 I The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees „- '/"

56

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Adding tin separators to eitlier of the above will in-
i'rease the price So, and tliR postase 6c.
i I Sppti m lx)xes, fancy, htarts, stars, crosses, etc. i ach 5
:i I Sheets of duck to keep the bees Irom soiling
I or eating the cu-hions lO

0 Scis«or?>, lor clippinj; tpieen's «inzs 4o

IS I Seed, Alsike Clover, raised near n.s, per lb... aii
20 1 *■■ Summer Kape. Sow in June and July. 1.^

01 " Chinese Mustard, per oz 2.5

](' I Smoker, (^uinby's (to Canada 1.5c extra) 1 50

h 1 '■ Itoolittle's „ t^

2 I Tacks, Galvanized 10

.'t I Thermometers 40

0 I W'ils, IJee, with face of Brn=.<iels net. {silk).. In
0 I The same, all of tarletan (almost as good)... .'',0
;■) I Wire Cloth, for Extrac.tor.>^. per foot .. lii

•' (iiietn Cages ... .. .. l.i

All goods delivered on board the cars at pric<'s named.
m^Wa win pay ?1.00 cash, for Vol. III. A. T. UOoT.

Price List of Bees, Queens, Etc., for 1877.

with ie.«ted queen.

dollar

S13 (10

.') .'iO

4 00

2 .^0

1 !l(l

1 Fnll colony ..
1 three Iranie nu
1 "
1 tested (jueen..

1 uiitf'sted " .
A discount of 10 per cent will be ni ide on all order

of more than .Sli) 00 each. All mv (pipens are rai^eil
S'rom Impoffr'f/ Mot/iei's, I only ^nmanti^eins; Ihe nale
arriv'.d of all tested qiweiis within lOfO miU s. The
money must a<'.comi)any each order, a.icl all orders
will be tilled strictly in rotation. Mv localion enables
me to furnish queens much earlier than parties far-
ther north. Address,

2 lOd E. W. HALE, Wirt C. H., W. Va.

FOE, SPEIIG DELIVERY r

2-50 Colonics Ilaliiiii Bees.
1 to .3 Colonies, each • - - ?9 00

r. to 10 - - - - - 8 .50

10 to 2.5 - - - - - 8 00

no to loa - - - . . 7 75

Our hee.'i are all healthy and free from foul hroorl, and
most of them have queens of list yenr's rearin.a^. Safe Mr-
i-ival s;uiraiiteed by express. We K'Uirantee satisfaction
m nil our transaction*!. Address

2-.5d .1. OATMAN & CO.. Dundee, Kane Co., 111.

.A.vei'ill Oliemicul I^aint.

TIIK ONLY JIELIAHLE.
THE MOST I5K.VUT1FUL.

THE 3/o.sy e(;()N<»mi(;al.

THE MOST DCllABLE.

Kequires no oil thinner or drier,
Keciuires no waste of time in mi.\ing,
Has sto(i<l ci'iht i/i-ars'' crilicism.i
With )/i'tnii/ iiirrriisf/l /xi/ndnritp
Ami f/furli/ I'licrcdscd, ^al(■s.
Is sold by the gallon oidy, in |)nckages of from I to
40 gallons each, in Purest White and any Color or
Tint desired.
Address, for sample card of colors and price list,
^j-A"orill <ClTLt5niical l*ixlr»t; <Jo.,
';.OlUco and Factory 132 & 1.34 East lliver Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO. t>-(i-'77

from The SOUTH.

Italian queens furnished Ihe
coming season at the ioUowing
prices:
BjJ'ife 1 tested queen .^3 00

Mmm\\ " " ■' '^ "^

d/' '\ 1 untested queen 1 do

'M \\\ i> •■ " 5 00

"' Full colonies in Langstro\h

hivfs ... . . 12 fO

D£^Sale arrival of all queens
guaranteed.'^^

Purchasers must assume all
risk in Ihe transportation of
•^ full colonies.

.As prom |jG attention as possible will be given to all
Tilers, and S:itisf<icti<,ii .inarnntced.
la IIUFCS MORGAN. 01 1 Fort, N. C.

THE BEK-ISEEPKK''-' IWAGAiZBIVE, an i lus-
tTaicd monlbly j mrnal ot
32 octavo pages, devoted
exclusively to l»e-rultui e ;
edited by Albkkt J. KlN(t.
•oatiiining contribuiion-i
ro'ii Mrs. Ellen S. Tupi)i/r,
;ind expeiienced bee-keep-
ciSj in America and Eu-
1 (ipe, A large s|)ace is de-
vfited to beginner.3, giving
u'^eUil information just
when it is most needed tbriMiphont the vear. Terms.
•■>l.o0 per vear. The Ib-e-Keepers' Text-B:^ok in Ger-
man or Enf/lish, ani\ the Bee- Keepers' Magazine one
year SI. 70. A (i4 ))agc pamphlet (price .nOc) containing
a beautiful lii'e-like Chroiiio of Ifoucy-ll*I:iiit»«
and Italian Bees in ilieir naiur:il colors, with prize
of Mrs. Tupi>er, (Jueen rearing by M. Quinby, instruc-
tion for beginners etc.. aent free with the xMagazinr,
r n trial, 4 months for 50 cents. Agents « ann-d— cash
commission and permanpnt. emnlovment. Address

A. J. KING & CO., 61 Hudson St.. N. Y.

waniD."

Established in 1S73, by A. V. Moon, at Rome. Georgia.

The Bee World hi< for its conlributors the most prac-
tical Kee men in America; besides, the editor, A. F. Moon,
is one of Ihe oldest and most exijerir-nci d liee men now
livinir. The Bee World circulates in all the States of tire
Union. Great Kritain. and Europe, amonsj people of all
piofpssions, i'lid intelli'Jrent business men irener.tlly. It is
one of the most r>-liable bee papers in the English lan-
guaire. A good ndverti.sinif medium. Srnd stamp for spec-
imen copv. §1 50 per annum. Address
Itf A. P. MOOX & CO., Rome, Georgii.

13riti!«jli

THE

33ee Joximal-

Is a larire, beautilully printed, and profusely illus-
trated ftlONTHLY; clear type ami Jine heavv paper.

Itiscondu(!ted by CIIAULES NASH AlJlSOt'T, Han-
well, W.. J>ondon, England. Annual subscription,
half-a.gninea.

We will send it with Gi.eanings and pay all postage
for S2.50.

Ona copy one year $1 00, or with Lithogra|)h of Apiiry. size 12x13, mailed free, ix)stpaid, §1 25, or Litlu.urraph will tie
sent as a preinuini for two Subscribers at ,<l 00 -lach.
A'ly person obtaining three Subscribers at §1 00 each, may retain .50c. for his ti-oubte.
live '• •• " ■ " 1 25 ••

ten •• " " " .J. 00 '•

Anv number above t^n will be sent at the rate of COc. each.
Or. (UiHANINCiS, 8l 00; three copies. ^-2 50; live, S3 75; ten. ?fi 00.
Names may b^ .s,^nt at anv time durim,' the year, and whenever a dub is readied, we will credit back the
amount la-eviously sent iis in excess cf thi; club rates. In this way any of the

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may be Secured as PREMIUMS.

Pljaso mention whi n ivimes ire intended for clubs. An acknowledgement will bi! sent in all cises on receipt o
money— for any jairposo whitcver-liy relmii mail. Volumes land 11 at 75c. each, or Volume IV at ??1.00 may be
ebuiiteu on the same terms, as w>; have a

Lar^c Siiprlyof BilGK HUs^iBEas ProvideA fornev/ beginners.

As we can not t'lke th(^ smvc in lui urj mnnbers to -o over the same gi-ouiid a.Mi:i, a:id Voluine I cont:i:us the entii^
ruiia^i;i^j..al Piiiiciple.-, .-uid

for Lives or implements of any kind. lolW Hie ^'^^'^J^'^^.'^.V, v "«Z C^ f««n Ibeir iiunds >vithc«t Tf n-

yuu «,« originate, aiHl tfcereV>y keep <x.t<,f '»'»^^',"^' ' !^; i^ ^f C^i^'l'^/Jj^rano^ e^^^^^ So fa r^8 Stents are concerned, *v«ry body

§4chd U 4m§ and gcmu^

Atid Peace on Earih atid Good Will toward Mf>u

^^^^^^^^^TT^oSt^ ' °«-'

H^ who woiiia succeed iiTanything, must work. If you are going to be a bec-keep^;r, VO" Tmust
He WHO ^<'"j^\^"^,';^f " "J '■' to £Xt coBtinnally, with aifflculties. and discouragements, and it
make up your "^'"^^^f ^^^^f^'l^^- with the saw above von must leam the trade. When first sent out,
X^l^'^AT,L^eyto L in nicftrim but w^ hands, they are very apt to get a little

nnt^oftrlm'^'^The power ?equiUito^ w,.rk, is but littl<3, if everytLin^ is all right, and you

out ot .i"i»; JLne P"'^*'; 'J'Ji' !^' ninches, or some part of the machine binds, you may exhaust
knowjust how to »ced, but It the saw pmcnes^^^^^^^ balance will spin like a top,

'^^ ,^Tin1Inrn^to le^nl'Sun^n^bytaZ^afldl Stroke onthc treadle. You mvM Jot try to work
it ; V shoA 'tTo^e as vouXa common trea^dle, but you must let the strap wind char up to the
It ijy snoii i-iroKis -'^ -;"i , ,. ^ f j^ fl„„„ ,j„t Qf^ the saw. ami before you commence sawing, make
Thctawfairi 'hmn^' WMl^^^ pine, and it will pay you to cut out

the saw tan I ^^"•"- „.?!"'' Vf-^^^^^ ^uH your saw on them. t?crew the table top up until the

[c

58

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mak.

Contents of this Number.

r )0t p.) war Si^vs. And how to use Them 57

Our Friend? in GarnTany (>1

Honey ihrX. won't, Candv (>2

T'lick and Thin Honey Combs ^.03

Winterinar, A Midel house tor 03

Fi-ame. B^r. 01" Box Hives <•;?

( ; hall" Pickin? 63, (!4

IIo^v many Cells do we Find to the Inch <>4

Fdn. made on Cloth, Paper, etc • Ot

P.itent ris'it B3e Hives, etc OS

Blasted Hopes 6t;

.Average yield per colony, How shall we calculate it? (56

How to Sell honey 6(}

Wintering; House 69, (ifi

Honey G- ites... , 66

Section Frames ' 66

Rep ore for lf> Year.s , 67

Size of Hives, Importance ol' having them exact 67

Little "Sunbeam" 67

Kibbinff, How to stop .-68

Feeding in the Spring 6S

Mice : 68

Frames without Bottom Bars 68

Quills, Tackin? to one edge of the Hive 68

AVint.ering. "Mud Hut For" 6!)

(;haflf nacbinff, and Spreading Brood (K>

Foul Brood, Remedy for., 69

Honey Knives, How to curve the Blade 70

Notes and Queries 70

Virgin Queens, Introducing them 70

California 70

The "Go-Hoppers." A Poem 72

"Our Clearing" T2

Freezing Bees , TA \

Moving Hives close together for out door Wintering T^ I

Uniting Colonies in May 7S j

Closed To)) Sections T^ \

Raising Chaff 7.? I

How Many Stocks can be kept in One Place 7-'i j

Honey from the Cotton Plant 74

Extracted versus Comb Honey "4 |

Moth Worms and Pollen 74 '

Twelve from One in One Sciison "4

Dysentery and D windlin g 72

Transferring on a Novel Plan 75

Pollen. Artificial 75

Brood Rearing in Winter, Undesirable 75

Swarming and Transferring in Winter 76

Frame versus Box Hives for Wintering 76

(Gauges for Common Shears 76

Entrances at the Sides or Ends of the Frames 77

Chaff— The First Complaint 78

Swarming Out in the Spring 78

Feb. 27Mi. We have to-dar. '\T>1\ suhsorihers : thanks.

~ COMBFOUNDATSON.

Haviua: purcliused a machine for my own use I will
furnish the fdn. in strips any len!<th by 5 inches or less
wide at 7jc. per lb. if I can set thf

J?ees-M'ax "Wanted.
I will pay 30c. cash for clenn yellow wax delivered here.
I refer to the Editor of this Journal.

GEO. jM. dale.
Border Plains. Webster Co., lowii. 3-5

One Hundred Colonies

PURE ITALIAN REES FOR SALE CHEAP. Send for
Circular and Price List. C. C. V AUG HAN.

.3-8 in c). Columbia, Tenn.

t WOULD like to take a Sfock of 100 or more swarms
of Bees in some good locality to handle on shares.
For Competency and Thoroushness and Fair Dealing, I
would refer to Muth. Should want, if possible, to run
all for extracted honey. M. NEVINS.

.3-8d Cheviot, Hamilton Co., O.

♦TESTED QUEENS. RRADY FOR IMMEDIATE
SHIPMENT.

Wishing to reduce my Apiary prei)aratory to remov-
ing to a new location April first, I will receive orilers
for pure tested Queens during this Month at S3. 00
<!ach, or three for $8.00. (Queens will be Home-bred
or from my Dadant Imported Mother, as (lesired,
with purity anil safe arrival guaranteed. No hives
or hive material for sale this season. Full Colonies
•JI5 per cent less than last year; but no orders for
Q'lje IS solicited after May iirst,as my engagement for
the cominu: year will forbid tlie close attention ve-
• luired in (iueen rearing. J. S. WOODBURX.

Dicliensoa, Cumb. Co., Pa.

ITALIAN QUEENS,

By mail, and safe arrival guirant"3l. Unwarranted
Qupen, .$1. Wu-rmted, .SLSO. Also dealer in and maker
of Hives. Frimis, Mital C)rn3rs, &c., ia. Sand forprice*
Send m your orders with the cash, as I shall be.gm toshit>
Queens the 1st of AIn", Those preferring- cxn order
throuifh Ed. Gleaninrs. Address,

3tfi T. B. PARKER, Goldsboro, N. C.

Tu L I A N B ITS TTnin.

tireat Kediietioii in Prices.

Mrs. Adam Grimm will sell, .and ship between the 1st
and iOth of May, 1S77, the remainder of her bee?, amount-
ing to about -tSO Good Colonies, at the followiu'.? prices r

Pure Itali ins, from 1 to 5,' each Cblony §8 0(>

.5 to 10, " '• 7 i^O

"■ " " 10 to 20, •' " 7 00

•' " " aotoioo " " 6 5<->

Hybrids descending from Pure Italians,

1 to ' •£>, each Colony 6 r/'

20tol(j0, '• " 6(11)

S'lfe arrival guaranteed if ordered in lots of less tuan ■?■>.
Being appointed administratrix of the estate, I must
sell said l>ees this spring, as th"^ estate will he settleill
within a ye»r. MRS. ADAM GRIMM.

3 — hd Jefferson, Wis.

Wni. "W. Cary, Colerain, Frankhn Co.. Mass. Six-
teen years experience in Propagating Queens direct
from imported n-.others, from the best district in Italy-
Persons i>iuchiisiiig Queens or Swarms from me will get
what they barijaiii for. Si^nd for circular. 3 in q.

Itttliaii Iinportecl Bees & Colonies.

PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.

Full Colonj with Imported Queen fU 0()

home bred Tested Queen. 10 Oi»

Sp;cial rates for larire ituantities. All the Colonies
.sold are in new and well painted movable frame
hives ; all coxnbs straight.

1 I nported Queen after June 1st 7 00

•1 " Queens " " each 6 !50

6 " •' " " •■ 0 00

12 " " " '• '• 5 50

Single Queens to Old Customers.... 6 00

Safe Arrival Guaranteed on Queens and Colonies.
References furnished in nearly every State in the
Union and Canada, or among the most noted Apiarians
of Europe. Send lor Circular to

CH. DADANT & CO.,
3d Hamilton, Hancock Co., 111.

Hurrah for Canada.

Let's have Free Trade. A Universal ami Adjustable
Honey Extractor for §5.00, all Metal, no Cog Gearing,
no Slipping of Belts, a Stationary Can, a Perfect Ma-
chine. Will take Frames from lo to 13.j inches in
Length, and l.'> inches Deep. Warrented to give Satis-
faction or Money Refunded. 3Ietal Corner Frames
§4.(0 per hundred. Sectional Frames any Size within
reason, Ic. each. Hives, Smokers, vails, etc., etc.
Circular and Pi ice List free.

Address M. RICHARDSON.

PortColborne, Ont. Can. 3-id

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEY JARS !

()ne pound (S(iuarc) jars, i)er gross $6 Ot)

Two " " " " 8 (0

One " " " flint glass jier gross.... 8 .'io

Two " i. u » .. " 10 .^0

Corks for 1 and 2 pound jars 7.'>

Tin loil cai)S, jier gross 1 '-i)

Labels " " 7'> ,

A thousandlabels address printed tj order 5 10

One qt. fruit jars. Mason's patent, per gross 17 (» »

Labels for same, " " 6.')

A thonsanri labels address printed to order 4 00

Uncapping knives, as good as any, each Ui

"" " i>er dozen 4 ■'">o

Alsike clover seed, i>cr bushel 13 50

" " " " peck 350

" " " pound 40

Catnij) seed, iier pound 6 .50

" " ounce ■'■'<'

Laiiars^trotSi Bee Hives,
straw mats, bee vails etc., at reasonable rates.
For further particulars, address

CHAS. F. MUTII, Cincinnati, O.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

XABLEOF PREMIITI?IS.

TJtc first iutiumn is for those only, o- §
who setid 5 or moi-e 7iames. ^"|

J; S
Names of Premium Articles. ^ir

Afif/ of titem sent post-paid on ivc'pt of price.
^—Lithonraph (f Apiary, Implements, etc. 25

- — Phoiograph of House Apiary "25

■',—"That i'jvvj/ ;;/." JVovice and Bhte Eyes 25
''—Emerson's Binder for Cleanings,

will hold i J'olumes 5(

'!— " " /n/tir qimlity 60

7 — Pocket Mnpnifying tihiss 60

^^Fi7-st ffT stroi'id ro/«««?o/ Gleanings.. 75
y — Best quality Emerson's Binder for j

Gleanings 75 1

Mt— Double Lens Mdnviiicr.on 3 brass feet 1,00
1 l~-PhvtoM, ,//()/. Jld-Keejiers ofAmerieal.OO\
i-2-^First and sivond ]'ol. (//'(iLEANINGS..l,50|
l^i-^Ceutenuial Cabinet Clock; a pretty and\
accKrati time piece, that icill rwn evenl

<eheu carried aboitt.Jor only ?2 00|

H — A real Compound Microscope, beauti-
f idly finished, and packed with Imple-
men ts in a Mahoga ny Bo.v 315'

Ntunber
oj Sub-
scribers
required
at or
at
Inc. 1.00

Mi.coMB.rimim mum,

Latest! Cheapest! Best!

Send Stamp for Circular and Samples of work.
Address, A. J. KING & CO.,

.•J-5d Gl Hudson St., N. Y.

CASH FOR BEES-WAX.

\Vc are paying 31 cents per pound for yellow bees-
wax, in lots of from .'M) to 5.000 or more pounds, deliv-
cretl at Syracuse, or 32 cents, if exchanged for white
wax. If you have any wax on hand, ami can deliver
It at the above price, please do so. and we will send
voii our check on receipt of the same.

ECKERMAN & WILL.
7''-'TJ Wax-bleachers. Syracuse. X. Y.

Dcolittle's Advertisement.

Having had many calls for wares used in our api-
.•uy, we have concluded to sell lor samples, as below ;
that our bee-keeping frien<ls, if they desire, may have
a iiattern to work by in making them.
l>nolittle's improved Gallup hive with .'50 boxes
and cases and wintering arrangement all

complete $0 25

standard Gallup hive with 21 boxes and cases

.111 complete 3 25

The above are well i^ainted, witli tin roof.
>aUij)le set of cases with 21 boxes (hat will fit
any frame hive at top 14x20 (outside measure)

ur larger 2 60

^^.lUiple case with 3 boxes 40

^i.imple case with 2 boxes (by mall IGc extra) 35

SMiiple box ready to nail (by mail 3 cts. extra) . . 03

Koxes by the 100 ready to use 2,60

J ".oxes by the 100 ready to nail 1 75

Tin tacks for fastening glass in honev boxes,
.sample by mail 6 cts. ; jjer lOOO, 40 cts. :'per OOOO,
-") cts. ; (by mail « cts. extra per 10(0).

lUock to nail boxes on (by mail 35c extra) 1 ,50

'.Mock to tin boxes on (bv mail 25c extra) 50

Address, G. M. DOOLITTLE,
12-4 Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

JOvery Bce-kceper sliould sulTiNcribe for it.

The American Bee Journal

l>vthe best scientific and practical .Tournnl of APICUL-
TUKE in. the world. The most successful ;mi<1 ex};erienced
.^| iarians in Eurojie, as well as America, cantiibute to its
piiires. In fact, it is the oldest and largest Bek Paper in
Uie Ensrlish language. S2. Per Annum. Snud a Stamp
lor :i Sample Copy. Address THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
ij_ 184 Clark st., Chicago, IH.

A<>ood Of fer.— Bee Hives, Frames, Surplus Boxes— '
imy style— cheap. Italian Queens <■//<■( i/ to our Pat- ;
11 1«. For particulars of our plan. Prices. Vac. \

.\dddress J. H. ."MARTIN. i

mnb ^duulaf'wpi / 1

PURE BEE

Cut to any size

PACKKI) INNKAT WOOKl^N DOX
TWKI:N KVEKV two SlIKKTS.

POL NIJ FOli THE WlllTi;. OR 75 CE!
PER POUND FOR THE YELLOW.

Or, if you prefer, 12 rf.- 10c. per sqnare foot.

IF WANTED HY MAIL. AM) 25 CENTS PER POUND FOR
PACKING BOXES AND POSTAGE.

If taken in om- regular packing boxes, sheets 12x18
inches, 10 \)ev cent, ofi from above prices on 10 pounds or
over.

Wax will he worked up to oi<der, and cut into sheets of
anysize desired, for 40 cents jrer pound.

We will pay 30 cents per pound cash for bright yellow
wax, or sell it for 32.

One pound of wax makes from 4 to 8 square feet of sur-
face. The thinnest will be used by the bees, but is not
made into comb as quickly as the heavier, which has a
greater depth of cell.

Sheets just ri^ht for L. frames, both white and yellow,
kept constantly in stock ready for shijiment ; alto 'square
sheets for section boxes. About 6 of the former or 30 of
the lalier (enough for 1 Universal case) weigh 1 jwund.

At above pi ices we can pay no freight or express charges
either way.

The only wholesale rates we can give is 10 per cent, off
from above rates on orders for 50 jwunds or over, or 30
per cent, on 100 pounds or o'.er.

Comt) Foundation Machines.

Macliines for making sheets 1 foot wide - §125 00
Expressly for L. frame, 9 inches wide - .50 GO

For makings inches for section boxes - 3G 00

The above prices are for cells 4>2 or 5 to the inch.
If drone size is wanted, add 810, §5 and §3 respectively
to above prices. The machines are all ready for use,
i'.nd full iEstructions will be sent to each purchaser.
Address, A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

We have sold machmes for making fdn. toC. O. Pernne,
New Orleans, La.; to D. A. Jones, Benton, Ont., Canada;
to J. M. iladory, Los Angeles. Cal.; to Lewis Walker,'
Ventura, Ventura Co., Cal.; to G. M. Dale, Border Plains,
la.; and to Rev. J. Van Eaton, York, Livingston Co., N.
Y. The three former were 12 inch, and the rest, 5 inch
machines. We presume all will be ready to furnish fdn.
at our prices.

3-tpd

Haittord, N. Y.

You cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Perioilical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not saifK-
"Dear me what a bother — 1 must have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in tlie Emerson Binder as soon as it comes
and you can sit down happy, any time you M-ish to find
any thing you may have previously seen even though
t were months ago.

Binders for Gleanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for 50, 60, and 75c, ac-
cording to quality. For table of prices of Binders for
anv Periodical, see Oct. No., Vol. 2. Send in your
orders. A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

We will send Gleanikgs—

With The American Bee Journal (§2.00) $2..'.0

•' The Bee Keeper's Magazine (1..50) 2.00

" The Bee World ( 1..50) 2.25

" Both, The Bee Journals of America, 4.00

" British Bee Journal (J2,00) 2.60

•' All Three 5.50

" American Aaricullnrist (Sl.60) $2.25

" Prairie Farnicr (82.15) 2.W

" Rural New Yorker ($2..50) 3.25

" .Scientific American tS3.20) 3itO

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener (Sl.OO) l.?5
[Abi,xc rates include all Fotiage.]

GO

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mak.

CHEAP HIVES.

Material for shmdanl Lingstroth Ilives, Portico,
frames, beveled edge, bottom board and caps.
In lots of 5 each . . - - §1

■• 10 '•

" 20 "

•' " .SO or over - - - - ■

.Sample Hive - - „'.,,", "-.r ^

Two story hive and 21 frames furnished low. Mater
for honev boxes cheap. Address

•T. (BATMAN & CO, Dandee, Kane Co., Ill
Write for circular. -'^'^

BOOKS for BEE-KEEPERS and OTHERS.

[Any of these books will be forwarded by mail, jjost-
•paid, on receipt of price. J

In buviuK books, as every thing else, we are liable to
disappointment it we make a purchase without seeing the
art icle. Admittiivj that the bookseller could read all the
books he offers, as he has them /or sale it were hardly to
be exjKiCted he would \)e the one to mention all tlie taults.
as well as a;ood thimrs about a book. 1 very much desire
that those'who favor me with their patronajfc, shall not
he disappointed, and therefore, I am goiiiK to try to T>i'e-
vent it bv mentioniim: all the faults so far as I can, that
the purciiaser may know what he is setting. In the fol-
lowing list, books that I approve 1 have marked with a .
those I esveciaUy approve * * ; those that are not up to
times t ; Ijooks that contain but little matter for the pric-,
lartfe tvpe and much space between the lines J ; foreign *.

Tiiese hand books tliat tell us how to do things, not
only educate us, but they are often the very best iiive<t-
iiieiit that one ever mak ^s, and the small amount they
cost, amies back manv times every year if they are faith-
fully read. When we get interested, is just; the tune to
read up a subject. AVe hear of receipts for doing certaiu
Ihings, being sold for many times the cost of thes-e books
that contain llie same thing and ever so much more, and
<iftcn with illustrations fully ext)laining the work. I nev-
er spent happier hours than in reading ray poultry books
when 1 was a Vioy ; and while busy with my coops and
vards 1 not only "avoided idleness and bad company but I
educated mv hands in the use of tools, as well as my
mind in the science of protit and loss. Parents if your
•hildren hive aiiv taste for these useful pretty handbooks,
fs it not A duty (.t yours to encourage it by judicious pnr-
(4iascs V

BOOKS ESPECIALLY FOR BEE-KEEPEES.

Lnngatroth on the Hive and Honey Kee**t 52 00

(Juinbv's Vlysterias of B»e-kee|)in'i**t 1 -^^^

t$eo-keener's Text Book*t muslin /;>

'• *t paper 40

A Manila! of Bee-keeping, by .Join, Huntcr'j 1 2.5

Manuii i.f tin .\pi.iry. by Piof. A. J. Cook*'. ... 30

Thi.s, although small, is ihe (mly book we have ni Amer-
ic I that is entirely up lio the times ; the best for begm-

How I Made S.S.'iO a Year with my Bees* 'K . . . .

How to make Cand.> **

Art of Saw-tihn:i*i

Lumlwrmnn's Hand Bool\''*''

FuUor's (.rape Cultuiisi*''

MISCELLANEOUS IIAh'!) BOOKS.

Ten ^ cres Enough** \ 25

Five Acres too Much** 1-2"

Tim Bun'<er Paper.s* ^ 3"

An V,i£ VM-m, Stoddird** ^O

Window (4ardeiiing 1 ^t'

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructoi* '~^

ilow to Use the Microscope 7.5

i'lay and Prolit in mv frarden* 1 •''0

- ■ - ■- - - — 2 on

■,50

7.5

1.5

1 50

"Dur Diiiestion." by Die Lewis

Onion Culiure* "^'^

i 'olatoe Pest.s, by Pr 'f. Kiley ** ['0

Practical Floriculture* 1 •^"

( Jardi ning for Protit** 15'*

20

Strawberry Culturist, Fuller*

Small Fruit Culturist, Vullor* -50

Forest Tree Culturist, Fuller* 1 50

Hov/ to Build Hot-lh)U.s,>s. lAHichar§ 1 50

Draining for Protit and Health, W.arring 1 50

What I know of F'anuinir, Horace Greely 1 50

Injurious Insects, Prof. A. .1. Cook*** 10

Scroll sawing, .Sorrento and Inlaid work *t 1 50

Moody's llest Thoughts and Dijcours js **•* 75

ROOKS THAT 1 HAVE SEVER EXAMINED, BUT THAT ARE
IX WOOD HErUXE.

Broom Corn and Brooms ]«i;)or 50 clolli 75

Cider IMaker's Manual, Bnist ."0

Aiuc.ican homology, Ward.r 00

Canary Birds paper 50 cloth

Farmer's Barn Book

Pear Culture, Fields - .

American J2ird F'ancier

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Bement's Rabbit Fancier

Bommer's Method of Making Manures

Burn's Architectural Drawing Book

Burr'.s Vegetables of America

Cooked and Ojoking Food for Domestic Animals...

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets

Dana's Muck Manual

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols..

(4un, Rod, and Saddle

Harrison trie Pig

How to Got A F.irra and Where to Find One

How to Use the Pistol

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy

Johnson's How Crops Feed

Johnson's H ow Crops Grow

Klipparts Wheat Plant

Leavitt's P.icts About Peit

Mrs. Cornelius's Young Huusekeeper's Friend

Plummer's Carpenters at.d Builder's Guide

Skillful Housewife... .'

American F'ruit Cull urist, Thomas

Cranlierry CnlLure. White '

A Simple Flower G.irden, Barnard

Kariniu;^ by inches, Barnard

(t irdenina: for Monev "

My Ten Rod F'arra ' "

Strawberry Garden "

C irpeiitry Made E'isy, Bell

Fur, F'in, and Feather

Fish Culture. Garlick

Ho*' Plants Grow, Gray

i\I inuil (if Botany and Lessons, Gray

School and Fielil Book of Botany, Gray

New Cook Book, Mrs. Hale

My Farm of Edge wood

Americin Angler. Norris

Rhoilodendriins. Rand

Landscape (iardi-iiing. Downing

(iuenon on JiiUh Cows

Sorgho, or the Xorthcin Sugar Pl-nt, Hedges

My Vineyard at Lakeview

Shooting on the Wing

American Wheat Cu'turist, Todd

Cotton I'lanters' Manual. Turner

Practical Butter Hook, Willard

Yeuatt on the Hog

Youatt on Sheep

Girden Vegetables, Burr

F'ruits and Fruit Tref s of America. Dowiiuig

Comf)lete Works on Chemistry, Leibig

GardeniuiT for Ladies, Loudon '.

Riley on the Mule

FlaTi Culture (seven prize essays by practical growers)

Per.ch Cidtnre, Fulton's

How To Paint, Gardner

Gregory On Cabbaues. . . .paper

Gregory On ,Sr|uashes paper

Gregory On Onions )>aper

In.'-ec's Injurious To Vei^retation Plain, Sft (lO. .

With coloied plates, ic 50 {

Gardening For Pleasure, Henderson

Hop Culture

Jenny June's (-ook Book

Cotton ( ultuiv. Lyman

Manual Of Flax Culture and Maniif.acture

Parsons On The Rose

Pot.atoe Culture, (prize essay) [)aper

Money In The Garden. Quinn

Pear Culture For Profit, Quinn

Manual On The Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P. Roe

Farm luipleuients And Machinery, Thomas.

Earth Closets. How To Make Them, Warrin'j:

(lardening For The Soutli

Cranberry Culture

Practiciil Poultry Keeper, Wright

Peat .Vnd Its Uses

Hodsres And Evergi-eens, Warder

Book On Birds. 1 lolden

Sorghum Ar:d Its Pi-oducls

Taxi lermisi's Mainial

Practicil Trout Culture

F'aruiinir For Boys

Silk Giow(a-"s liuide

Painter, Guilder and Varnisher

Mushroom Cultm-e

The Farm I 's Ileceiiit Book

i The M<id -1 I'otato -

' Apple Old till ist. Todd

I Willow <);■ O/ier Cultnr.'.

I Voi.maii's Uousel'.old Science

1 50
1 25

.30
1 75

30

25
1 00
3 00

20
3 00
1 25
5 00
1 00
1 50
1 25

50

1 25

2 00

2 00
1 75
1 75
1 50
1 00

75

3 75
1 25

38
38

1 50
38
38

5 00
50

1 50

1 2.5
3 00

2 50
2 00
1 25
5 50
1 50
C 50

75
1 .50
1 25

1 50
1 50
1 00
1 00

1 00

2 50
5 00
2 00
2 00
1 50

SO
1 50
1 00
30
30
30

1 50

.■!0
1 50
1 50

■'5
1 50

25
1 .50
1 01)

.50
1 50

1 (10

2 00

1 25

2 00
1 25
1 50

50
1 .50

1 75

OE VOTED TO 33EE!?^ ATSr> HOT>fE3ir, AlSjy IIOMIE INTERESTS.

A. I. ROOT, ^ Publisbed Monthly. rTI3KMS: *1.00 Per Annum in Ad'

Publisher and Proprietor, > ' -] vance; 3 Ct/pi«s/or »2.50; 5/or ft3.76:

Medina, O. j IiJsta'blisliecl in 1873. ClO or more, 60c. each. Single Number 10c.

Vol. V.

MARCH 1, 1877.

No. 3

oi;r friends iw oidrmany.

^ra^E pi-esume the name of Gravenhorst, is
\^'^ sufficiently well known to interest at
least a large portion of our readers, in tlie fol-
lowing very kind and friendly letter.

MY DEAR NOVICE :— I owe you many thanks for
sending me Gleanings. What shall I ilo iu return ?
Shall I write an article occasionally on bee culture?
I must tell you that I know you through the American
Bcc Journa!. The late Mr. Wagner sent it and I re-
ceive it to this day. I have reafl with much [ileasure
your articles in the Journal. Thus I have watched
your endeavors to lind out the most prolitable way of
managing bees in the best hive, the giving your bees
bits of comb, and tlie wintering of your bees out of
doors with the chaff cusliions. This is very good, but
I shall wonder if you will be satisfied in future witli
it. I have great respect for the American bee-keep-
ers and I admire their results in every way, neverthe-
less I think you want a more practical hive than you
have in use. Excuse me when saying tlius. But let
us see what i3 tlie chief matter in managing bees in
movable comb liives. Tlie greatest results by saving
the most time and money ; and wintering bees in the
most profitable way. To get all this, depends upon a
good hive. 1 am acquainted witli all the American
hiveri, but none of them will do it as I should wish it.
A Langstroth liive I have received from a iricnd in
America, may be a good hive, nevertliclcss it does not
answer m\- claims. Wliat would you say of a hive
that enables yon to attend 100 and more colonies with-
out assistance ? I have such a hive in use, and all the
other hives I heretofore had arc now In the lumber
chamber. This hive is the very same the Englishman
speaks of in your Gleanings, Vol. IV, No. 11, page
267, as the newest and best hive now in use in Ger-
many. And in fact it is. The German bee-keeper, of
whom the Englishman tells your readers, is one of
our best apiarians, and will in future only use this
hive as do the most German bee-keepers. Iu the
book 1 send you, you %vill see an engraving on the title
page. The hive is a straw hive and must be turned
over to attend it. From its turning over results Its
good qnalltles. Should you like to have such a hive. I
shall be much pleased to send vou one, if you only
will pay over freight from Bremen to Medina. The
book 1 send you will teach you how to make such a
hive if a friend is at hand to translate it, should you not
read German. Of course many an American bee-
kecjier will be much pleascfl to see euch a hive, and I
do not doubt, will us? it; above all you will have a
new sulijecl to write from in your paper.

I have two apiaries, cacli 150 colonics. Jfy bee
yards are enclosed on 4 sides with shelves. In the
t.Tst side is a little work house through the wimlows
of which I can watch everv fly-liolc. This little house
is a wonderful place lor a bee-keeper at leisure, and

the whole arrangement is very good in spring time.'
As soon as the bees, returning from the field, come
inside the yard, they are saved, as no wind will throw
them to the ground where they perish. Without any
other protection exccjU what the hive and the bee
yard give, my bees are standing on their shelveB.
Do not fear that the young queens, returning from
their bridal night, will be lost by standing so many
hives near each other. In Hanover, about 6 miles
from Brunswick, there arc sometimes more than 300
old fashioned straw hives all together, and no more
queens are lost than if the hives were scattered in a
bee yard as shown in your engraving on the title page
of your Nov. No., which came to hand to-day.
Yours In the bonds of bee-keeping,

0. F. II. GUAVENnOHST.

Brunswick, Germany, Nov. Kith, 187(i.

Many tlianks, distant cousin, for your very
kind and friendly letter. To liear from such
dear friends away across the ocean, really does
make one feel that with all other advances
the world is making, we are yet to feel that we
are in reality, brothers and sisters, even though
of difl'ereut nationalities, and though wide
seas intervene. Tell us about bee culture in
your land by all means, and rest assured our
people will always be interested in such mat-
ters.

We have bee-keepers that attend to consid-
erably more than 100 colonies, if we mistake
not, and with the chaff hive pictured in Dec.
No., we think one man could do the work re-
quired for twice the number, by changing
work with a ueiglibor a part of the time. If
we are making no mistake, bees in such hives
should need no care at all, for almost 6 months
iu the year. As our hives sometimes contain
nearly 100 lbs. of honey at one time, we fear
our people will be loth to think it best to turn
them over, to get the frames and honey out,
notwithstanding, we have great respect for
your experience, friend G. We are ashamed
to say, that none of us as yet, read German
very understandingly, but the girls are still at
work with their books.

We are already pleased with the idea of hav-
ing the bees euter an enclosed yard, as they
come home laden ; have j'ou no house apiaries
in Germany V We agree that thei'e is little
danger of losing queens, so long as the en-
trances are a couple of feet apart, unless in the
extracting season. May the kind Father
abundautly b^ess and prosper, the bee friends
in Germany.

GS

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mar.

HOIVEY THAT \VOJ«'T CANBY.

ALSO, THICK AND "XHIN" COMB.

f' AM going to "tussle" with yoii for the head iniirk on
"Honey that won't candy," '(page 11 January No.).
While at the river, after we had finished for friend
BIcQaw, I extracted some for friend .Tarvis and hroutrht
some of it home. The combs were capjjed over solid,
clear to t lie bottom, very heavy and awful thick. Had
to wami it before the iire place for a half day before I
dared extract it ('twas the same with McGaw's). Wo
keep it in a large stone jar in an out-door cupboard,
where it has been below zero several times, once down to
"iO°below, and it is as clear to-day as the day we e.Uracttd
it, and so hard you could scarce dent it with a hatchet
(fact). And I will back the river honey as second to
none in color, quality and flavor. It is simply delicious.
This jar is kept from the light and air, while on the other
hand, some that friend Cramer brought home from the
same place, and has put up in 2 lb. bottles, which stands
in the light and gets the warmth trcm a stove in a gro-
cery, candied hard and white. So that it is not cold
alone that causes it to candy. I also brought some comb
honey from the river, which the Express Co. saw lit to
break loose from the frames. The other day I got out a
large piece of it to take to a purchaser, and laid it on a
platter. When I went for it, I saw a curious kind of
<;omb honey. It looked as though it had been set out in
the sun at 90° for it was just as completely melted down
:is though by heat, and that too where it was below zero.
It looked like nothing but extracted honey with a few
scraps of cappings in it. I never saw such thick honey
in such very thin comb. Guess the bees must have got
out of wax about that time and had to spread it out thin.
Will M. Kellogg, Oneida, 111., Jan. 15th, 1877.

There is certainly something very curious
indeed about the candying of honey, and we
confess to being quite in the dark, on many
points in regard to it. At one time, it seems
that light aflects it, and again that it does not;
at another, that it is certainly from intense
cold, and yet we find it now standing zero
weather, without a sign of candying. There
is one point tliat seems well established, and
that IS that sealing it up as bees do, is nearly
always a preventive, and we do not know that
we ever saw any lioney candy, that was sealed
up while liot like fruit ; the ol)jeclion, how-
ever, to this plan, is that it is very apt to give
the honey a darker shade. We think the best
and cheapest way, to let it get fully ripened
and capped over in the hive, as mentioned
above by friend Kellogg.

It seems we are just beginning to leai'ii akso
that bees vary tlie thickne.'^s of their combs
very much. After friend Dooiittle's experi-
ment of striking a knife down to the base of
the cells of a piece of comb honey, we one day
Iricd it on some honey that was on the table,
1 hat had been cut out of the centre of a frame
from the body of tlie hive ; this was new hon-
ey, that had been built where a piece of brood
had been cut out, yet the base of the cflls was
even thicker and harder than that of the
vvhite fdn. Sonu' of the thinesc comb we have
ever found, vvi^s from (Jaliforuia, and it was so
very thin and frail, we can readily imagine a
piece masirmir down by its own weiglit, as
friend K. mentions. Doolittle remarked that
bees made thitnier comb when the honey ciime
very r,<\pidly, and that they al^o at such a
time built it c'car up against the wood com-

posing the sections. During the past season,
it came so slowly, that they left a row of un-
filled cells clear around, next to the wood.

■^VINTEIEIWG, A iraoroEI, CE1LL,AR FOR.

^iirp AST season I increased from one to 3 colonies and
j\lJ{\ one neudcus. As one artificial swarm failed to
~ raise a queen the first time, I made a nucleus to
have a queen to give them if they failed again, but as they
did not, 1 had an extra queen, and what to do with her
was a ])iiz7.1ing question. My stocks were not strong
enough to divide, and make the fourth colony. I went
and opened the box two or tlnee times to kill the queen
and return the bees to the old stock, but by the time I
found the queen my heart would fail and I would say
'•she is to nice to kill, let her live a little longer," and b.y
fall I found she had quite a little family, say a quart or
more. Well, I began to. think if I could only keep hoi"
alive until spring how nice it would be to have an extra
queen should one of the other stocks become queenles, or
to start an tarly new stock with in the spring; I then
began to think how to winter my bees. Well, I got an
old box R ady to set one hive in and pack round and cov-
er over on their summer stand, and was going to set one
hive in my coal house as I did last winter and one in my
barn, and then the nucleus. Well I was going to take
that with me "to bed," or as near it as it would be well
to do, or in other words take it right into the house
where I could always keep it from getting frosted and
still not too warm, and close the entrance with wire cloth.

Just about I his time I discovered that I already had a
place under my house on the ground large enough to
keep 50 hives, as nico as a pin ; not too ccld nor too warm,
nor too damp nor too dry ; and where I could look to
them day or evening. I go from my kitchen into my
cellar, which latter is very small, and I had always
thought rather too damp, to put bees in with safety.
From the cellar I punched a hole through under th«
main house, where 1 have a space of from 2>i to 3 feet be-
tween ground and floor, and by digging a trench a few
feet long and 3 feet wide and deei>, I have a nice shelf to
set my bees on. The ground there is gravelly and so dry
that it is quite dusty and the temperature to-day is at 113°
while it is at 10 outside ; I have them all in there as nice
and cozy as can "bee," nucleus and all. I have an out-
side window opening so that I can ventilate if I wish, and
have also the tops of hives packed with hay to absorb the
moisture. They have been there now about one month
and soein to be doing as well as one could wish. Hardly
a dead bee to be seen.— i>ec. \^th, 1876.

Jan. lath. 1877.— On ex.aminhig m.y bees about the 8th,
I was not a little surprised to find a nice quantity of
brood in all stages from the eggs to capped colls in 3 out
of 1 of my hives including my nucleus which iiad as m.uch
brood as any of the others. To-day I tipped back ohfe
hive and swept all the dead bees off, there were not more
than 20 and they have been in their winter quartei's
about (! weeks. How is that for high ? Neither do I find
that many have crawled out of the hives to die.

A. A. FiiADENBURG, Cleveland, Ohio.

The plan given amounts to almost the same
as that given for wintering nuclei, by friend
Corbin,^)n page l'^). Of course it will answer,
for when W"e can get a place so dry tliat the
ground is dusty, and so impervious to the
frost that the walls and ceiling never get wet,
we have almost the coutlitions of summer. It
is quite an easy matter to secure such cellars
in sandy or gravelly soils, but we tind it quite
difficult in the damp clay of Medina Co. Hav-
ing the cellar built directly under the kitchen

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

63

stove, is probably quite an item, for it not on-
ly keeps everything dry, bul allbrds a ready
means of getting perfect ventilation, by at-
taching a tul)e to the stove pipe, as has been
several times explained.

FRAME, BAK, OK BOX HIVES, ETC.

BEARttLEANING.S:— Mr. Langstroth uUereil a
) great trutli when he saiU many bee-keepers
~ would be better off had they never used the
frame hive, and we will add, had they never used any.
In our experience (which is large) we have not seen
one hive in 50 lit to put bees into, to eay nothing about
mangling and murdering in the vain attempt to handle
them. Give us either a hive or a cook stove, or a
steam engine at Uili speed would be preferred to some
so called hives we have seen. Hayhurst of Kansas
city comes nearer making a fiivc than any we have
yet seen. A man to build a bee hive should be a first-
class mechanic as well as a practical bee-keeper, or
rel u on some one who is.

Had H. A. King for the past 25 years worked with
Langstroth instead of against him, apiculture to-day
would have been much less mixed up, and many
thousand less American humbugs for kindling wood.
King wab the man to push things, had he got hold the
other end of the rope. Give us Heddon's bar, or even
a box hive in preference to a badly constructed frame
hive. Few, however, if any, esteem Langstroth and
his system more highly than do friend Heddon and
ourselves, for from his system we liave become able
at a glance from the outside, to ju<lge quite correctly
the condition of tiie interior. We regretted that
Langstroth himself could not have received our SlO.OO
for a right to use tbe frame, etc. But so is life, one
sows, and another reaps.

It seems to us that friend Doolittlc should be able
to reach the same results with half the expense and
fixtures. Few stocks of bees, if in hives of proper di-
mensions, ever need a division boanl, in our opinion.

Yes Novice, please tell VV. E. Forbes that heavy 8-
penny finishing nails resting on plain metal rabbets
a hi Wm. Reynolds, beat Novice's tin corners all to
fits. We use wire staples to hold frames at bottom
and can beat any ruan handling bees who does not, all
tilings considered, and can prepare 10 stocks for safe
shipment in as many minutes. The value of fixtures
about a hive depends almost entirely upon the lualce
and manner of using. When we can no longer use
nails and staples as above described about a bee hive,
you may consider us as belonging to that dejiartment
called "Bar box hives," which by the way Will soon
be practiced by some of our mobt skilful apiarists.
'Tis true an expert can get lots of honey from a rough-
ly made hive and fixtures, but then it's so nice. Nov-
ice, to have everything about our liives go and come
like clock work.

We suppose that friend Cameron is aware that
Bingham is liable to slide ofl" a big pile of nice comb
honey just above those three little "sticks"' he speaks
of. Mr. Editor, shouM you ever visit Iowa give us a
a call. we are but 10 miles from Des Moines, tlie capital
of the state.

Yours and every body elses' for cheap, plain and
practical facts. Chas. IIastinus & Son.

Carlisle, Iowa, Jan. loth, 1877.

We fear our friend forgets that frames made
with nails, must contain an amount of lumber
that we never thinly of using with the metal
corners, and they are not as strong even then.
Nails ifiYZ crush bees, unless you are pretty
careful. Try a frame of each kind, it can be
done very easily, before making a great
number.

Oini OWIV APIARY.

T is very near the middle of February, and
we have not lost a colony so far, although
too many dead bees by far, are found at the
entrances, and in the bottoms of the hives.
This certainly should not be, for some few,
have already lost half the bees in the hive, and
a great many, have lost a pint or more. Even
if but few are lost at a time, if the process
keeps on all winter, the hives soon become too
much weakened to resist the ^fleets of the
spring dwindling, and are lost after having
consumed enough honey to carry almost any
colony safely through. This losing the bees
after they have eaten honey all winter is cer-
tainly more expensive than the old brimstone
way, but: we feel sure neither arc necessary.

The most of those in the chafi' hives are, as
we have said before, wintering almost without
loss, but we are troubled at finding one or two
of even these, bringing out a great many dead
bees. Still further, several of the hoop hives
are wintering as well as any in the apiary ;
we do not know that we feel particularly bad
about this, but after all it is rather perplex-
ing, and inclines one to feel that bees some-
times winter well in spite of — of — learning (?)
and at other times, they don't winter well in
spite of all we can do. The Quinby hive is
again wintering as it did last winter, almost
without the loss of a single bee. The bees do
not fly in this hive, until the weather is very
warm indeed, and not until almost every other
hive in the apiai-y is out. This hive has per-
haps a more perfect protection, because the
chaff is in one continuous body all over and
around the bees, while the cushions, unless we
are very careful, will leave cracks or inter-
stices between them.

One hybrid colony that resented any inter-
ference, were put into a chafi" hive in Dec, and
to get them into a small compass, a cushion
was put each side of them ; they were put on
combs of solid sealed honey, and were so
crowded, that they did not all get inside until
the weather was quite cold. Not a dead bee
was seen at the entrance of this hive, and we
have no fear but they will winter as well as
the Q. hive. So much for "learning." On the
9th, we found a colony with more than half
the bees dead. This hive had brood taken
away from them the last thing in the fall, to
strengthen another ; they had honey in the
ends of the combs, Ijut none close to the clus-
ter, and their hive had a chaff cushion on-
ly over the frames ; it was an old style
Langstroth. "We put them into a chaff hive,
and pushed them up close, on 4 frames well
filled. If these are saved, we shall give chaff
all the credit.

Perhaps half a dozen of our L. hives were
left with no entrance blocks, and everyone of
these showed an unusual quantity of dead
bees ; we are well satisfied that the entrances
should be closed up small, tight and warm, for
winter, and would favor a single auger hole, a
little above the bottom board.

What a fine thing it is to have plenty of
sealed honey in frames. In looking over the
bees, we find occasional!}', a colony that for
some reason, is a little short, and as we always
like to make things safe — when we have the

04

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mar.

wherewith right at hand — we talie them one
or two of these heavy combs, aud it is just
fun to feel that whatever conies, they will
have a plenty anyhow.

CHAFF PACIiJNG, ETC.

^XSjiRJEXD ROOT :— A look at your bees during the
ISfJ Wium week just past has probably seated you
^^* more firmly on your chaff packinEr hobby. The
entrances to your packed hives are nearly or quite as
IVoe Iroin dirt as in mid-summer, while many if not
all of those not packed iiave the front covered with
iilth aud nastiness. Under the former too you find
but few dead bees, perhaps from a tablcspoontiil to a
teacuid'ul under each hive, while under the latter
you find on an average, a ijuart or more.

The comparative amount of brood too, you have
found equally in favor of the chaff packed bees. How
is it irieml Root, arn't wc correct; won't you swing
your hat in the Eext No. of Gleanings.? Take my
M'ord for ir, you can ride that horse straight ahead so
lar as success is concerned, without any fear of being
obliged to back up.

If your friend Wing fails to secure straight combs
ijy foUo'ving your advi«e, (page 15), and if after win-
tering his nees somewhere else than in liis hen house,
Ihey still persist in making them too crooked to han-
dle weU, let him take them from the hive before the
lioncy is scaled, extract the honey, lay them on a
smooth, planed board some larger than the frame,
and with another board on them, press them firmly
into their place in ths fram^, and he will liave every
comb as straight as a boaivl.

Wo accept friend Doolitlle's amendment (page 41),
witli thanks, and as we have never been very well
])leased wltli our success in building up stocks by
tepreadine the brood combs and inserting empty
ccmbs between them, except in warm weather, (per-
iiaps it was not judiciously done), wliile he has suc-
ceeded, tve hope he will give it a fair impartial trial
,Uist as he directs, and report the result. Jf such fuss-
ing with bees will pay in hives tliat are not protected,
it certainly will iu such as are, because one can not
only commence earlier, but later in the season he can
fijiread the brood without risking its loss.

When we brought ibis chaff" jiacking arrangement
before the public it was not done for the purpose of
grinding an ax or seeking notoriety. We have noth-
ing to sell in the bee line except honey, and we can
llud a ready sale for all we can get of that at a paying
price. Neither do wc take any particular pride in
ireeing our name attached to tlie end of a newspaper
article. The experience of the last live or six years
has clearly demonstrated that heavy losses are sus-
tained throughout the n^ rthern states by all other
methods of wintering bees, and with tlio ho])e that
pe»ba))£ this loss might be avoidet!, we have tried to
induce others to give the plan a fair, impartial, un-
I iased trial aiid report the result, as "By the mouth
of many witnesses the truth is established."

Friend D., aie you quite correct in your figures
in relation to the number of workers in your hives ?
Can you get and keep for 45 days 8 out of 9 fra'.nes
filled with brood after making due allowance for
honey, corners and pollen ? Again, you estimate
.0 cfUs to the ir.ch, wliicli if made by black bees is
prolably corrcci. but if made by Italians you can
not ccurt more ihini about 4i which would matc-
■ially leEEcn the nrmier of 1 ces. .'. II. Thw.nlev.

Tcmpl;inF, Mich. Feb. t-*th, mi.

COMB FI>N. KttABE «;\ CE.OTSS Olt
PAPEK, ETC.

5T^0R some time past I have read the complaints
JipJ about fdn. "sagging" in the frames, especially in
large brood frames, and in vain 1 have looked to
your inventive genius to produce a remedy. Now allow
me to direct your attention once more to my books ; on
page 35 of "Bee-keepers' Guide Book", and page 39 of
"Am. B. K. Guide" you will find that Kretchmer (my
father) invented and used comb foundation, having
tracing linen for a base, being coated with wax, which
the bees perfected into comb and used as brood comb.
Now don't you think that fdn. made in the manner in-
dicated must prevent all sagging ? Of course such fdu.
could only be used in brood frnme.s, but there is the place
where the ditficulty is most damaging. I enclose you a
specimen from a large roll of the kind of tracing linen
then used by him, it is the exact width of strips of fdn.
manufactured by him, aud no doubt a much finer article
may be fcund in these days. And as regards the bees
working on them, father told me .several times tliat the
bees used them as though they were natural, using tlie
comb for brood and honey, m.'iking no distinction from
natural comb, and no doubt, if the bees used them then,
they will to-day. I trust you will give the above a little
thought and perhaps furnish us with fdn. that can't sag
m the brood frame. E. Keexchmee.

Coburg, Iowa, Jan. 20th, 1877.

Many years aijo we tried making fdn. on
cloth and paper, and succeeded very well with
thin tissue paper, but all our experiments on
cloth, even the thinnest we could get, were
failures, simply because the bees wuiijd occa-
sionally get hold of a thread and then they
would tear the cloth all out, apparently think-
ing it a moth web. Since receiving the above,
we obtained some very line book muslin, and
also tried the tracing linen, but although we
can make beautiful fdu. en both, the cloth
makes the base of the cells so much thicker
than where we use wax alone, that it will add
to the weight and consequently to the expense,
while the clippings will be entirely out of tlie
question for comb lioney. It may be urged
that a fabric may be made, inestimably thin,
but even then you add to the expense of every
square foot, and in large quantities it makes
quite an item. If anyone wants it witli a
cloth base, we can readily furnish it, and it
will certainly do away with all complaints of
stretching and bulging, as in fact will that
made on tissue paper.

PATE:VT B^^ftHT BEE HSVF.S. EX05SBI-
CEPTIVE ABVffiKTlSEMEWTS, ETC.

WHAT SUALL WE DO WITIT THEM ?

^Ir' AST month several letters had collected
ijLjj from parties who had been deceived and
somewhat wronged in the purchase of various
articles, some from those Avho had purchased
on the strength of a warrant that was not
good, and letters ivoiw others who had sus-
picious advertisements in sotfie of the journals,
and for the sake of preventing our readers
from beipg disappointed in the same way I pro-
posed nmkiug the whole into an article as a
warning both to the advertisers, and their too
j incautious customers. The article wa.s stud-
j ied up, and but so often as I sat down to the
task, did 1 feel lliat it was going to be too harsh,

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

65

and desisted. In askina: my heavenly Father
to enable me to do as I would be done by, I
saw that I was almost nnconsciously iix:vj:<^ern-
ting the faults of these brothers, and withhold-
ing their good qualities ; yet some note of
warning should be uttered, and to save the
people's money, it should be uttered at once. I
llually let the Feb. No. go out without a word,
just because I saw too much prejudice in my
own heart, to allow me to write an unbiased
article. I prayed that I might be freed from
all this, and I will tell you how the prayer was
answered.

I confess dear friends, that a prayer meeting
is not a very interesting place to me, unless
there is something to be done, and something
being done. We had been having such meet-
ings every evening for some time, and like
many others I suppose, they were poorly at-
tended, and not always very interesting. As
I passed the hotel on my way there, I often
remarked to myself, how many young men
were there congregated that could, if they
were only led to look at the matter in a proper
light, help us as well as themselves, so much.
One evening I asked in one of our young men's
meetings, how manj^ had the courage to go
and invite these brothers to join in with us.
The idea cast a silence on the meeting, and
tinally was decided to be hardly a pro-
per one. A couple of weeks passed, and in
one of our meetings the prevailing scepticism
of our town was mentioned, and our perfect
helplessness in the matter. We knelt in
prayer, and asked God to tell us what to do.
Before I had even taken time to consider the
matter, I recommended that we go out into
the streets, and work, as we had tried in vain
to have unbelievers come to us, and I volun-
teered to commence. I repented of this, as
I took a good look at it, and had I not public-
ly committed myself, I fear I should never
have got up the courage. Sabbath afternoon
after walking home from my Sabbath school, I
took one street and called at every house, ask-
ing them to come out to our young men's
meeting, and aid us by their presence and in-
fluence. To my astonishment, they pleasantly
assented, and did come nearly all of them.
Thus encouraged I spoke to the boys in the
streets, and they too, came along pleasantly,
but wheu I got into the meeting to which I
had invited them, I could but feel that those

was to get every bit of unkind and unfriendly
feeling out of the way. If I had undertaken to
invade people's homes, woe betide me, if i did
not do it with that genuine love for all, that
our Saviour showed when here on earth.

After another day's work of this kind, as I
approached a house the thought came, "How
about peddlers now, Mr. Novice ? wou'd yon
advise shutting the door in their faces?" I
stopped and almost said aloud,

".May God forgive me for the unkind way in
which 1 have spoken of and treated these poor
brothers, even if they have been in the wrong,
and may I ever in future 'near in mind that he
who needlessly gives any fellow l)eing pain,
certain forgets the real spirit of Christianity."

"How about your advice recently to your
readers, to make any kind of hive or honey
box they pleased, regardless of patenisT

That too was wrong, and may the friends
whose feelings I have thus woundt-d, forgive
me. I feel more than ever before, the evils
that have grown out of selling rights, but I
now see that I have no right to advise taking
by force what some may feel to be their own
property, and which our laws allow them to
hold, even though it may be wrong for tliem to
sell it. I have no right to smash the bottles- in
a groggery even though the owner may be using
them to send my neighbor down to ruin, but 1
can go to both and talk and pray with them,
with their consent, and assuredly, the latter
course will do more good than the former.

A few doors from me, is another jeweler, and
I have been able to see this week for the first
time, that wheu I liave looked in at his win-
dow, it has been with a sort of disdain or en-
vy, and since he has failed in business and
taken to drinking, — may God forsive me — I
have looked in at his humble stock feeling,
"Well he don't amount to much now, and he
will soon be out of the way." And yet I
thought I was a tolerable Christian. In this
work among the bo^^s in the streets, I met this
■man, and God showed me my inconsistency.
I asked him to come along with us and help
us in our Christian work, and in one short
week, the man stood up in our morning circle
of praying workers, and said that with the
Lord's help, he would never drink anotlier drop.
Do you know how much I thank God that I
can noto look into this window with some-
thing of the same feelings I would have if the

inside, needed the benefit of the street work, i siiop belonged to my own son 'i Shall we lose
nearly or quite as much as those who didn't j by loving our neighbor as ourselves'? Mostcer-
go to meeting at all. The task that looked so | tainly not, but we shall get into the very spot
formidable, was in reality no task at all, after : exactly, to build up a great business. I
we once bowed humbly to the Lord, and asked have for some time been in the habit of send-
him to give us that love for all these people, j ing ^or all wares, books or implements, .adver-
that we must have' to ask them all to come ' t'^ed for bee-culture, and when the article re-

with us to meeting. The first house I visited
was easy enough, but tlie second was the home
of one whom 1 had criticized harshly; a little
farther on was another where they sold liq-
uors, and I had talked all manner of hard
things about them. Could I hope thev would

ceived was not worth the money, or was not
what one would expect from the description, I
have warned our readers, as you may all
know, and very likely much money has been
saved b}' so doing, but have I always done it
in the real spirit of kindness ? I have imple-

come with me to meeting with such thoughts | ments for sale, and is it not possible, that I
as these against them V Most certainly not ; I have bee;i exhibiting some of the spirit toward
I could not skip, for I had advised calling all | other makers and dealers, that I did toward
humanity to the Lord, and I could not hoj)e to my neighbor the jeweler'? You who have lost
have influence unless I was truthful. The your money, may say that it is of course right,
way, that straight and nai'i'ow path, lay right ! to publish letters from those vpho complained,
before me ; it began to be plain now, and it i but should we not be very careful?

66

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUREt

Mak.

DEPOSITORY OF

Or lietfers from Tltose IFIio Ha^e Made
Bee Culture a Failure.

f|0 make a long story short my report for "Blasted
Hopes" is about as follows : August 1st I had 80
~ ' stands of bees all doing well as I thought, and had
ii swarms after that, and yet I now have but G8 and T fear
they will be reduced more before spring as we are having
a \'ery hard winter. Now for my years work ; 46 stands
in the spring, 80 now, with pi-obably 50 L, frames from
half full to well filled with comb. Took 511 lbs. extracted
lioney, $10i.95. Box honey lOlj^ lbs., §28.87. Sold my
nicest box honey at 30c. and what was not well fiinished

up, for 25c., making a total of 612>n lbs. $13.3.82. I sup-
pose I had some 200 lbs. more in boxes Aug. 1st, not
capped, which the bees used up. The clover crop
of honey was the best I ever saw and there was
about 12 acres of buckwheat about 2 miles off, sown in the
soring for manure and plowed under about Aug. lOtli.
This I think kept my bees swarming ; had 7 swarms in
July, (never knew of a swsrm in July here before) and
not one of those, nor the August swarms ?ot their hives
more than half full, and some did not build more than 2
frames of comb, cause I suppose very wet and cool weather.
C. T. Smitii, Trenton, 111. .Jan. 13th, 1877.

. HOW SHALL WE CALCULATE IT ?

F LEASE let me know how you calculate the yield of
an apiary ? Is the average to be taken from the
'^'^ amount of colonies you start with in the spring or
from the amount of stock at the end of the season ?

Paul L. Viallon, Bayou Goula, La.

We are glad you mentioned the matter, for
there seems some litrle difficulty and possibly
a little misunderstanding about it. If we
start at the first of May as the beginning of
the year, and this certainly will be the best
time in our Nortliern localities, for there is al-
ATays danger of losing bees before that time,
we can easily reckon how much honey vv'e get
irom them during the season. Now if we en-
tirely prevent swarming by the use of the ex-
tractor, we have only to divide the number of
lbs. of honey, by the number of stocks we
started with ; simply state that v/e started
with so many colonies, and obtained so many
lbs. of honey. If vre should start with 10 col-
onies and get 250 lbs. of honey, it would be a
very moderate yield, while 50 lbs. per colony,
for that number would do very well. If we
get 75, we might "brag" a little about it, and
an average of 100, would be quite an item. It
would also be very simple, to reckon increase
alone, for a statement that one commenced
with 100 and doubled the number — had 200 on
the first of May the next year — would be very
easily understood. Now how shall we com-
bine the two, or at least agree on some way of
stating the whole matter in a few words ?
The honey could be reported very easily, as
soon as the season was over, but the increase
— we hardly know how it can be definitely
stated until the first of May comes again, and
our YouKg Americas, will never have the pa-
tience to wait G months, before telling of their
great achievements.

Agaiif, suppose we get two tons of honey
from our apiarie, and then have xo pay out
more money for sugar to winter them, than we

received for the honey; what sort of a report
would that make ?

We really know of no better way, than to
say : I started with — colonies the first of May ;
increased to — all ready for winter, and ob-
tained— lbs. of honey that has sold for $ — .

We might assume that a colony of bees
ready for winter, is on an average, equivalent
to 50 lbs. of honey, and then we could make a
comparison of results that were either honey
or increase, or both. •

-^ — o4^ Mi^*

MW'W 'JTO SEI^ffj HONEY, WB1VTERIM«
MOCSE, HONEY fiA'B'ES, SEC STIOIVS, E'S^C.

fi WROTE you in Sept. that I had sent out a ped-
dler. I found a good man for the business and the

' man found the business good. In the course of a
month he sold 2,200 lbs. and didn't half develop the
market. He would take out about 1.^)0 lbs. and not go
so (ar as to stay away from home over night. Would
sometimes sell out entirely. Quantities were sold
from 1 lb. to 50, and in one instance 1.50. The people
began to get used to his appearance and would stop
him for honey and many would insist on his coming
again. We find that extracted honey sells the best;
but comparatively lew would purchase it in the comb.
We sold extracted for 20 cts. by the single pound, and
at 35 cts. if ten or more lbs. were taken. We received
some complaints from people who were uriac(]uaintecl
with the nature of honey, they thinking that the can-
dying was a sure indication of adulterati >n. We shall
send ont printed instructions another year and try to
educate as well as to sell.

Our bees are wintering well thus far in our new
bee liousp. built nearly like the one described on page
133, Vol. II Gleanings, only we have an extra story
lor storing empty hives and boxes. Our house is 12x18
inside the bee room, and witli 90 ST^arms has re-
mained at about 40° and we have had some severe
weatlier and long continued. We have 5 swarms
yiacked in chaiV and they arc now entirely covered
with snow. We never had fears of bees dying during
the first half of winter, we claim that they will winter
thus far in any place either out-doors or in, in nerfoct
safety, at least that is our experience, but from Feb.
to the first of May we are anxioxis for our little pets.

I want to scold you a little about yonr honey gates.
I ordered six of you last syiring and was disappointed
in their size. Nev/ honey wilfget out fast enough but
late in tlie season it riinsslow, and our iieddler found
them refusing to do duty on cold days. For this latter
purijose a .gate as large "again as the ones you sent me
arc needed.

Do you know, friend Novice, you liave stolen our
idea in relation to our section Irames I-" We saw our
grooves in bundles on a steel track but we hold the
pieces together with a screw clamp. We purchased a
lot of candy boxes this summer that were put together
in a similar manner.

We hope to send you a photograph of our apiary
next season. J. tl. Mautin.

Hartford, N. Y., Jan. 22d, 1877.

Your plan of selling honey, is the right one
without doubt ; it wants some life and energy
to sitcceed, of course, but so does bee-keeping
in all its departments. We agree also in re-
gard to wintering; with us, the "tug of war"
comes in IMarch and April. We are glad you
mentioned the gates ; we have increased the
size once, and shall have to do it again, if the.v
do not let the honey out. When it gets very
cool, we have to abandon the gates, and scoop
the honey out at the top of the cans. Glad to
hear you were first on the "steel track," but
although ours is "steel," it was not stolen.
Please send aloncr the photos, that we may be
able to make judicious seleclioas, for our first
page. Ijv the waj^ will our friend who has
200 box hives, scud us a photo, that we may
present both kinds of apiaries V

181

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

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KXVlXCnw'tntnOtJlOOOOOOO

SIZE OF HIVES.

IMPORTANCE OF HAVING TUEM EXACT.

f'Thai
in 2

T has been claimed that a queen bee will lay ."5000 eRgs
in 21 hours. If this be a fact, then she will require
^^^ (!3,000 cells in which to dejiosit her cgirs. This will
keep her occupied for 21 days, wheh the eggs first depos-
ited will be hatchiuiT, and she will again have rx)m for
continuing her work. We will say that it will require
1200 cells to hold the lioney and pollen. This will give us
75,000 cells for the wants of the brood chamber. ^Any one
can determine for himself as to the shape and size of the
frame he desires : whatever the sliape, it will require the
number of cells given. A Standard 10 frame Langstroth
hive contains about the number of cells given. To find
the number of frames required for a hive, set your divi-
ders Ig inches, then mark off on the rabbeted end and at
ona side across the hive, then back again setting the di-
viders at opposite side of hive ; this will give you the
spaces for the frames, and the ia inch space between
frames. A worker cell is 7-16 inches in dei)th, this on
each side makes worker comb 'i thick. Frames should
be placed 1' inches from centre to centre, this allows ji
space between combs which gives an abundance of room
for two rows of bees to pass back to back.

I have always thought a Standard Langstroth hive was
l=i'u inches in length. It's inches in width, and 10 inches
in depth, and have always so made mine. I notice you
make them longer and wider. The size I use is the
measurement given by Mr. Langstroth in his book.
Some nine years ago L. hives were made in Burlington,
Iowa, by the thousiiid ; I ordered .some for myself and
friends, ard when 1 went to use Ihcra. fauiid they were

only \TA inches in length and about 9K deep. My
Standard frames whe!i used in them were tight fU/iiiir
on tlu! ends outside which was a terrible annoyance in
me. Wliy cainiot wo all have our L. hives made of one
size, fo that when we buy bees or sell them or buy hive.i
the frames will work in one just as well as another ?

T. G. McG.vw, Monmouth, 111., Jan. 2i)th, 187(5.
To be sure we were riiiht iu rcj^ard to tlic
size of a Langstroth hive, for we sent to Mr.
L. direct for a frame just right. The frame is
now in our possession, and measures 17\x
Qig, and the projections for the frame to hang
on are ^4 at each end. As it seems generally
agreed that '^^{ is the proper space at the ends
of the frames, a Langstroth hive sliould meas-
ure exactly 18?^, between front and bacJ< as
we have directed many times before. The
width of the hive is less essential, but as near-
ly all the hives for 10 frames that we could
And, measured 14 '4 inches, and as we find it to
work about right in practice, we have taken
that dimension. Hives are usually made of
planed inch lumber, and as this averages about
Jg, we have left a guage with our planing mill
men, and we insist that every lot of lumber
shall me made exactly J^. This would bring
the outside of the hive, SO/g long, by 14 wide.
Now to be sure that none of the frames are
ever pinched, we will add }g more to the
length, and therefore we hive made the iron
frames for guages of the outside of the hive,
just iwcntii and one fourth long^ by fourteen
inches wide.

— — ■ ■■iir3' ri^Ti fQiiw

t,ITTL,E '"SITN BEAM."

BEAR NOVICE :— You have the picture of my littlo
) "Blue eyes" in the "Medley of Bee-Kecpers,"

' perched above the head of Mrs. Langstroth. She

often says, "I should think that lady would get tired of
holding mo on her head." You call her in the Medley "An-
other Blue Eyes" now we call her here at home "lattlc-
Sun Beam" because she sheds light, happiness and good
cheer, wherever she goes ; so even the neighbors are get -
ting so they call her '-Little Sun Beam." Well, I thought
I would make you a Christmas jiresent to-day, and send
you another picture of our "Little Sun Beam" and let you
see how much she has improved since April 1875. She is
still my little bee-keeper, and you have no idea how much
she helps me ; when I am opening hives she keeps run for
screw driver, or the turkey winas and smoker, and if 1
wonder where that Ijig pen knife or screw driver is, she
says "I know pa, you left it down where you opened that
last hive. I'll run and get it." When extracting she
will carry the empty frames back to me and run errands,
and make herself generally useful when a swarm comes
olT. Master Willie, 13 years old, is afraid to eo-ne near
for fear of stings ; but "Little Bun Beam" scarcely ever
gets stung, and if she does, she never quails nor gives up
but comes back again. I have seen her stung five or six
i times at once, and what is strange it scarcely ever swells
the least bit, neither does it make her timid. I wonder
at it sometimes.

One Sunday 1 was walking among the hives and a
drone with his big hum frightened her so I caught him
and showed her that the drones were big fellows that
would not sting, then I caught a dozen or so and put
them in her bosom, and told her to go in and tell mothei-
there were some bees in her neck ; of course there was
some senimbling and striking and brushing for a minute
until mother said that it wis one of "fathers tricks." I
told her the drones were great fat fellow that did not
gather any honey, but were always eating. So I killed a

08

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mar.

i?reat many of them, and she got so she knew them and
eaiight them too. Well, that Scamo afternoon wo heard a
loud scream and crying in tbo yard, and as wo all ran out
"Little 8un Beam" camo running in and we couldn't j;et
her to tell us for a loni.'; time what was the matter; but
she artid at last the great bi;4 rooster came ri'^lit along
;ii;d bit her right on the leg. So after awhile I got her to
show mo the place, and right on her little leg I pulled
oat one or two bee stings, I took her by the hand and
walked up in front of tho hives and after awhile I saw
marks of a little foot and some dirt and dead bees on one
of the alighting boards and I said "I wonder who has been
hero killing my bees." 9o she told me she was killing
drones with her little foot and the bees came out and
stung her on the log. So you soe I had to give her ;i Sun-
day lesson, but she wanted to blame all her trouble to
the rcoster because he was there and she thought the
boes would not have stung her if tho rooster liad not
made them, by crowing so loud. We would like to sea
another picture of your little Blue Eyes and hope she is
growing nicely and healthy.

W. H. Sedgwick, Granville, ()., Dec. 25th, 1S76.
We are so runcli pleased with the picture,
that if we thought it possible for an engraver
to do it justice, we would try and give all our
readers a view. Our remarivs on courage, in
the Home column, are well illustrated by the
beliayior of "Little Sunbeam,' and we iiave
more than ouce .seen children talve stings with
ti courage that vv'ould do credit to our veteran
bee-keepers. Of course they are seldom slung,
for one who braves danger manfully, rarely
gets hurt. Our "Blue Eyes" has just this
minute come all the way from home alone, to
bring papa's handkerchief, and we fear Vv'e
shall have to call her "papa's big girl," here-
after, if she continues to grow so rapidly.
Teach the cliildren to become acquainted with,
and to love the bees, by all means, and while
yon add to their pleasures, you will find tliey
will soon save you a vast number of steps,
jibout the apiary.

BTEaSS FllfiOSI MBI<iiNiJ«»OXA.
S I have been hui'i by with fever and am still con-

I

with a fevif bee items just to kill time, and if you
should And anything that would be interesting you can
j)ublivh it. I have just lieen into my bee cellar this eve-
ning and I find them quiet and to all appearance doing
linely ; they have been in the cellar over three months,
(put in Oct. 17th). Page 10 Jan. ]Nfo. Gleanings. Does
not Prof. Cook make a mistake in regard to (,^leome being
a Minnesota bee plant ? "AVe have acres of Anisatus and it
is a great help to tho bees.

UOW TO STOP EOBEIJTCJ.

The robbing of bees frequently takes tho starch entirely
i)ut of new beginners. To give them a quietus fill a
sponge (with one Hat side) with cold water, pin over the
entrance so they will have to rub their backs to get in.

now TO GET HUES OEF TlIU COMBS.

To get Italiaus from the combs, dip a wing in water
tlien tlirt off the M'ater so as to leave the wing damp.

I'EEmXO IN THE SVKINc;.

Last winter I had two swarms that had 10 lbs. of liouey
each, bees just about tho same. From the first of Feb. I
fed one of them all the sugar I could dip with a spoon
every other night. Tho one I fed used every bit of their
honey, the other went thrcugh the spring without a single
feed.

:iricE.

Last winter the mice were determined to ruin my bees.

They would make nests in the quilts and in the hives. I
lirst shut them so closely that the mice could not get in,
but it soon made them wet and sickly. I then got two
cats cf the best breed I could find, and put into the cellar.
But that did not stop them, the cats tipped one swarm off
the shelf, threw every comb, bees and all iuto the dirt ;
some of the combs were smashed. 1 gathered them up
and saved them and worked among them hours nearly
every night for about two months and saved every swarm.
I sent to you for wire cloth to fix them with this winter,
but changed my mind. I liavo my shelves built on posts
with a tin pan bottom up under the posts, and now not
a mcuso gets to them.

ERAMES WITHOUT BOTTOM BAES.

Lust spring I cut the Iwttom bar from one comb for the
centre of each hive. I like the plan so well that I propose
to cut the bottom from all my combs. My combs are
12xl2. Now I propose to cut my hives down to just 10
inches and cut tho combs to fit and leave them without
bottom bar. For now frames I will put a thin strip of wood
on bottom of frame with No. 10 tacks. Scon as the
frame is filled with comb draw the tacks with jjocket
kiiil'e. If you do not like the plan please criticise sharply.

QUILTS, TACKING ONE EDGE TO THE HIVE.

You recomend some one to leave the quilt glued to one
side. Now from that I caught an idea that has been ben-
elu'ial. Tack the quilt with small tacks across the end

opposite the division board.

UNCAPPED nOSEY.

.^t the close of the honey harvest last fall my 17 hives
were nearly filled with uncapped honey, all except ray
River Styx and a hybrid swarm. I made them cap the
honey, all but one swarm which I put away with nearly
all imcapped stores. It was a light swarm and I crowded
them on to four combs. The hive has smelt like a vinegar
barrel but the bees aj^pear perfectly healthy yet and they
de not smell so sour as they did. (J. W. Paekee.

New London, Minn. Jan. 22d. 1877.

We do not know about the bee plant, nor
are we able to find in our botany the other
plant you name.

We think the wet sponge might answer be-
fore tlie bees were well under way, but then,
we fear they would pay little attention to the
wrttins:. We shall try the dampened wing,
but do not see just how it is going to get the.
bees ol!'.

Yon did not say whether the fed colony, was
in any better condition than the other; please
tell, and then we shall know whether the feed-
ing p'lid expenses.

It strikes us we would cet the mice clear
out of the cellar, whether they worried the
bees or not. Persistent trapping, will usutiUy
wind them up.

We have used frames without bottom bars,
but objected to them, because tliey were so
easiljr injured. It is not safe to lay them down
or stand them up any where, you must always
hang theju up, as they hang in the hive. Also,
unless yon make the upper corners very strong,
by some clumsy block, or otherwise, you will
have the end bars getting too near, or too far
from the liive. We appreciate the advantage
of the extra room that you get along the lov»-er
edge, and the etisy access the bees have to the
combs, from having them built just as near
the bottom of the hive as they want them.

You niust draw your taclis in the cjuilt,
when you wish to use tho upper story. Is not
the urumtning that the bees do, enough V

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

G9

OVH. MUD HUT ETC.

f^Vvive requested to tell lUvough Gr.KANiscis
MV:: ie constructed our nnul hut. w^U.h w..
i^ spoken of on page 8 January No. ^^^ hav c a
small knoll near our bee yard, into which we dug a
h?iel8Ltlong,7leetwide ami 8 leet deep at the
:; and3>i in front. We then dug a trench or
drain all round it, which is 10 inches deep at back
corned and 16 at front, bo to make the bottom dry if it
:rshould become so wet that water came into it
We nest Get on each side 4 posts 4xb inchcfe in the
Touom of trench, setting them 6 inches deeper than
the drain, and then liHed the drain with small stones.
Next we nailed to sides of posts inch hemlock board
ui to the topof posts, which were ^^^^^^^ZZ
bottom. On top of these posts we nailed 2x0 hemlock
for pTates. Then put on rafters 2x(i giving the
ioofr pitch. To put in the back end, we
sptked to each end post, three '-'xS scanthng, and
o'these nailed the same kind of boards the slcU.s are
made of only they run up and down while the sides
maae oi, u.. i y .-alters are 2 feet apart and are
■were horizontal, ihe laiteis aiu .- i^ i
covered with the same kind of boards lor roo as the
side. The front end is male by placing 2 posts - fee
from each side (which leaves 3 leet between them foi
a door way) from the ground to rafters, nailing boards
'o them and to corner posts. Four feet farther in
front are set two more posts, and boards arc nailed
from doorway posts to these on each side and over
head. Now lill in with dirt till wc come to the lOOt.
Then put on the roof, G inches of straw, then a toot o
dirt. Then 6 inches more of straw and another toot
of earth, also the same around and over the doorway.
It will be seen that there is no place with less than 3
feet of straw and earth. For doorway we use an in-
ner door, an outer door and one between the two,
which makes 3 doors with two dead air spaces of two
feet each. For ventilation we use 2 tubes made by
nailing 4 boards 8 inches wide together so as to make
a 6x8 inch hole through it. The bottom one is 12 leet
long and is put in the ground below frost so as to
warm up the air before it gets into the hut. Upper
one is the same size and at the opposite end. by
making 2 elbows on each one it will entirely exclude
llie light To know the temperature we have a tube
go through one side of the roof through which ve let
down a thermometer, which is examined every day
and the temperature need not vary more than 2 de-
grees all winter. The cost of such a hut need not ex-
ceed $40. and will hold 75 stocks.

CHAFF I'AOKINO ANI> SPREADING BKOOU.

AVill Novice please tell us when fruit trees go out of
blossom in Ohio ? Townly tells us on page 5 to leave
our bees packed with chafl' undisturbed till after fruit
blossoms, and Novice says Townly i-eferred only to
chaff packing before the first of May."

We think if Novice's (iuinby hive had bfcen here in
York State he would have had to let the bees fly by
taking off the covers, if they flew at all. as the snow
was 4 feet deep all over our yard. We are willing to
sacrifice a little of our time when it comes a warm
<lay for the pleasure it affords our bees in having a
jubilee, and as far as we can see they are just as
ready to fly from the top of the hive as tliey are from
Ihe botton^ after we have spent V'^'^nooLxTZE
Ing away snow. &. M. UooLUii-i..

Borodino, N. "i., ieb. mh, 18(,.
Fruit trees blossom here about the midflleof
May, and if the hives were covered with snow
until that time, we really believe we shou d
risk them without a fly, if they cotikl not lly
without shoveling snow, or lifting covers.

With us the snow thaws next the hive very
soon, and the b.es sometimes t^rawl up the
side of the hive to get out, and go l^/^cR safe y
the same way. We certainly cannot '^^^^ord U
fuss with the entrances at every unusual
change of the weather. At present— 1 eb. ..Ml—
nothing can be nicer, than the way the bees
have wintered in chaif hives, arid aU o„^
the entrances have been open lull width all
winter, no dead i)ees are found, no trost has
been seen inside, and the amount of stores con-
sumed, will certainly compare favorably with
anything we have ever seen with house or cel-
lar wintering. They have had no care a"d
will need none, until they commence to gathei
honey.

FOUI.BKOOD; KEOTEDV FOR.

s^rll ARLY in the spring 4 years ago, I had a small
m stock of bees in an L. hive. They di.l not in-
^^ crease for some cause, and I gave them broo>
from other stocks, but with no good result. At last I
found that the brood was dead, and the young larva;
being turned into a dark gray matter smelling very
badlv. By this time I examined my bees fully and
found that 13 of my best stocks were aftected with this
disease. This brought much alarm to me at that time,
notknowingthedisease; so I enquired of my brother
bee menbuuo no use. I got bee '-oks and journals
and in them found the disease described, but they
could tell me no cure. One said to use carbolic acid
I experimente.1 by taking all this comb from one but
such as were filled with honey, and cleansing hive ana
comb with carbolic acid, but failed. I then tried chang-
ing the bees to a clean hive and gave them dry comb,
and in that I failed. I t^ied the third time by taking
the bee. to a clean hive and waiting 40 hours till they
consumed all the honey they had with them, and
that proved a success. In the fall I transferred all
the bees that were affected with this disease m same
way waiting 40 hours, and then gave them 4 combs
well filled with honey, and the next spring the>
were all cured. About this time. P. Byseker had
6 swarms affected with this disease, and he cured
them in the same way. Almost 4 years have passed
and yesterday I was at his place. He had 15 swarms
in the bee house and I helped him take them out; 5
were dead, 4 weak, and 1 had 3 frames all filled wit.i
foul brood, and there being only about a quart of
beeslelt we killed them at once. Now the worst
comes; as this swarm was very heavy he took one
rack of honey and placed it in some other swarm and
now does not know which one. Please inform me
what course to pursue to find where the rack is, lor J
am confident that the swarm that has the rack will
get diseased in the spring or early in the summer.
Mv opinion is that the disease was caused by dysen-
tery, for the bee house was built last fall and every
thing was too green and damp.
AVent into winter quarters with 98 swarms of bees ;
I 21 in house where they can fly at any time fney choose
'>n In cellar 31 in uce house, 3 in dry gooab Doxes
nackedn sawdust, and 23 on summer stands or rath-
er in a tempoTarv bee house made of one thickness ot
boanll w^l^re they can fly at th<-ir leisure n^P/^l"!?
! 1 will tell you how Uiey get along. H. Knapi .

Warren, Penn., Feb. 16th, l»li.
We fear you will have to wait until the dis-
ease appears, before you can lind the frame so
carelessly risked in another colonJ^ We
' think you in error about dysentery leading to
foul brood. Tell ns how the temporary house
! apiary winters, by all means.

70

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

.raM

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUtlE.

Published Montbly,

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.

MEDINA, OHIO.

Terras: Sl.OO I»er Ajinum.

iTncluding Postage.]
For Cl^ib Bates see Last Page.

3S^EEIDIlSr.A-, 1>yL.A.-R. 1, 1877-

l?i-ethren, if any of you do err from the truth, and
one convert him ; let him know, that he which con-
verteth the sinner Irom the error of his way shall
riavo a soul trom death, and shall hide a multitude of
sins.- James, 5 : 19, 20.

OtTK new price list and circular will be mailed with
the next number.

Tix has come down, and we are feeling particidarly
friendly besides, so we have reduced the price on corners
to 75c. per 100 : metal cornered frames, 5c. each. AVe
shall also, this season, give a honey knife with each ex-
tractor. If yon ha\'e a knife already, the price of the ex-
tractor will be $1.00 less without it.

You can curve the blades to our honey knives to
suit your taste, by simply springing them them in
your hands. Use a cloth, and be careful not to cut
your Ongei's, as you move it on a close curve toward
the point. If you afterward prefer it straight, you
can take out the curve by the same process.

The TForW! has been sold to t\\eMaciazinc, so that
we have now only three Bee Journals in America.
"We furnish the three for S4.00, and for Sl.50 more, the
British Bee Journal a,\so. Those who have sent us
money for the World, will receive the Magazine in-
stead, and if .already subscribers, their time will be
extended another year.

The Quinby smoker has been very much improved
since last season, and is now a very pretty as well as
durable implement. Stronger leather is used, it is
more securely put on, and the smoker can all be tak-
en apart, when any part fails. Price $1.50; if sent by
mail, $1.60. Mr. (^uinby was generous enough to give
this invention to the world; shall we not in return
lorbear copying it, but rather let the profit on it go to
his own family, even though not restrained by law ?

$0%^ mid §ti4n^.

IE are far b:'.ck in this old country. Bar frames
yjl'^l were almost unknown in this quarter till last
year when I got this society set to work. By
letters, lectures, and meetings of bee-keepers we managed
to work quite a revolution. Our first exhibition was a
grand suc^cess and some of our exhibits would not have
disgracetl the Centennial itself. Wo are to have a, second
this your and offer about £ 15 in prizes. I shall scud you
our schedule and rules when printed and yon will see our
ideas. We regard these exhibitions as the very life of the
movement for improvement. In a highly cultivated re-
gion like tliis with very little natural pasturage and pre-
(^arious sumraor weather wo cannot hope to equal your
results, but wo will do our best. My first attempt to reap
the Luxest harvest of super comb (Vioi honey), from one
hive gave me over 103 lbs, so I do not despair. Wo know

"a leetle" about extracting, queen rearing, and \r.\x
foundations. We do not fancy cellars or clamps, for win-
tei's are not very severe. My bees have been Hying al-
most every week during the winter— quieter the botlfr
however. One ''chalf" hive is the quietest of all. AV«r
consider hives made of t inch wood doubled with % iiich
dead air space between as quite sufficient for open nir
wintering, Avith quilt of course.

California comb and extracted honey is sold in Dun(l<<-
but I wonder why the latter is still liquid, while all uf
ours is almost solid enough to slice with a knife.

Wm. Raitt, Liff, by Dundee, Scotland, Jan. 30th, '77.

Which way d« you have the combs built in the aid«>
storing boxes, parallel, or at right angles to the brooi}
combs, or is it no diflference ? [No difference'
Which way in the upper boxes? [No difference.;
Will half inch lumber be as good as thicker lumber
for a hive, provided it be well painted and set in ;i
good shady place ? [No.] In using side storing;-
boxes do you consider it essential to have them on
both sides of brood combs, or will they work as welt
if only on one side ? [Both.] Are 6 combo [L..] sut-
flcient for brood chamber to winter on putting chair
around them and leaving them on summer stands ?
[Yes.] Are H combs sufficient for brood chamber for
summer for raising box honey ? [Yes.] Is dry sugar
or candy as good to stimulate for brood rearing in tlit-
spring as sugar syrup ? [Afraid not.] Is it nearly a,i
good 'i [Vcs.] Do the bees enter the stele boxes from
.s/o^s below them or at the s/c7c of them f [Both.] !>•>
you consider side boxes an advantage ? [Yes.]

John Agau, Kendall, N. Y., Jan. 20th, lS-77.

How would it do as a cure for after swarming to have u
quantity of fertile queens ready so as to put one in the
old stock immediately ."ifter swarming? [First rate, and
if you had pure queens to put in, you would be O. K. on
Italianizing, but look out that they are not killed, j
Could the queen tehatched and fertilized in a small hiye.
say about 0 inches square, holding two or theee suyill
frames of brood and honey ? [Yes, but small hives don"t
j)ay ; better use full sized frames.] Would not the fer-
tile queen thus introduced destroy the young quesii"*
in the old stock, and begin laying, Ihus saving a gre:it
deal of trouble and time ? [She will generally.] After
swiirming gives me more trouble than wintering.

I would like to know something about clipping queens'
wings. How much of the wing do you cut off ? [Tip of
one wing.] How of ton do you clip them ? [Only once. 1
Do the (pieens not get lost when they come out to swarm V
[Sometimes if not watclied.] Would the swarm find her
if she were put in a cage and on a rake stuck in the
ground near by P [Not always.] If two or more swarlns
came off at the same time and the queens were caged
would tiiey find their resixjctive queens ? [Not always. :
Will bees do as well in this climate, in the sun, as in tin-
shade during the summer ? [No.] According to fldver-
tiseraent I infer that you can furnish sections 6x6x3, for
$10.25 per 1000, am I correct. [No; above would bo 7-
cubic inches ; price per iOOO $12.20.] Do .you put tin sep-
arators between any wections except those which yau
wish to glass? [No, unless it be those in the lowi r
story, to keep the queen out.] Be patient, only a few
more. Do new oak barrels require waxing? [Yes.]
Should they l>e bunged tight as soon as tilled ? [No.j
Shoidd tliey be kept in cellar or dry room when honey is
put in, in the I'oro part of the se;ison ? [Any whciv if
waxed.]

Last season was a ixnn- one for honey in tliis section. 1
began with 23 swarms. incre:iscd by natural swarming t'>
45. Took about (100 Vos. of honey, 2(X) extracted, balaiuv^
in section fi-;(incs. I'lwked in cliafl" for winterinsc. llaM/

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

71

wintered in this way for throe seasons with good results.
Bees all riirht at present li:ul n jtocid lly yeslerdtiy.

K. M. Barbouk, Alamo. Mich., Feb. tith, 1877.
P. S. What is the thickness of stufT for sections ? [I in.]

VIRGIN (iUEENS. INTRODl'CINd THKVt.

You say in your answer to my other letter that you do
not believe a virgin tiucen one week old can be introduced
by any process. 1 knew that bees wore possessed of near-
ly all th(! human frailties, but did not know before that
lack of gallantry to "ancient maiden ladies" of their own
race was one of them. I have always kept my queens at
least t days, and from that to 8 liefore introducing and
often introduce fl or S in a day without any loss. In fact
I would just as lief introduce a virgin as a fertile quoen
and can do it with as little loss. H. I'. Savlks.

Hartford, Wis., Feb. !tth, 1877.

[Will wonders iiever cease ? Please tell us friend S.,
how .vou introduced Ihcni. Almost every attempt we
have ever made, or heard of others mnking with virgin
queens old enough to lly, has been a failure.]

Our bees are all right so far, excci)t one in the house
apiary, showing signs of dysentery. 1 examined one
under chart" out doors and found them in a great com-
motion; the chalV above them was hot. I brushed it
oil" and rolled back the sacking and let them lly (the
sun was shining quite warm) and they soon quieted
down. I examined the lower entrance and found the
space entirely closed with a thin board that h.-id slip-
ped out of place. They liave been quiet since their
fly. Have one swarm completely covered in .1 snow-
drift. J. H. Maktin, Hartford, N.Y., Feb. 14, 1877.

[If your chaff hives arc close and warm, wc think
you vriil need the whole entrance open all winter for
ventilation.]

In feeding bees, why not pour the honey or syrup right
into the combs liy lifting out one fi-ame at a time? I
have the L. hive, and that is the way I do it. Others
take more pains, but why, I want to know.

Wm. Hunt, Xorth Lawrence, Kans., .Ian. ;50th, 1S77.

[There is no ohjection to the plan at all, except that it
is a sticky, dnuby operation, is Aery apt to excite robbing,
and takes much time. If you have many colonies, you
will find that it is rather laborious^ to even take out one
comb from each hive. Giving them their food before the
entrance at night, we find much easier, if the weather is
warm ; if it is not, give them sealed combs or candy.]

I guess I must have been intended for a bee-keeper, as
I am Jiot nuich account for anytliing else, and I .am al-
most bee sting proof. It does not swell a particle on me,
and uives me but little pain, and I love to work with
bees better than anything else and above all I am
particularly fond of honey. You say somewhere that
your principal living is nic« bread, butter, honey, and a
pitcher of ice cold milk. Now such "fodder" as that suits
rae to a T. I would like to board with you.

M. M. Stovee, Table Rock, Neb. Feb. ftth, 1877.

My 25 colonics of Italians increased to .V) last sum-
mer, and gave me about a ton of honey in little frames.
We have been getting stulf sawed at home for the sec-
tions, but it is rough and uneven, and would like to
try a few of yours. From your rei)ly to Brooks S:
Rro., I judge you make sections of ilcsired width, as
well as length and hvight. Mrs. A. h. tJuii.!).

Ridgevillc, Iroquois Co., HI.

[Certainly.]

I have lost 10 hives of bees this winter. I gave them
too much box room. They were in box hives, ami
one of them had '20 lbs of honey, but there was noth
Ing but drones in the hive ; I don't know how that
comes. John Boeusti.kk.

Gilcad, Calhoun Co., III.

[The hive with nothing but drones, is rather a joke
on you, friend B. You did not see that they were sup-
plied with a good queen in the latter part of the sea-
son, ami your drones are the work of a drone laying
queen, or f'jrtilo workers.]

Bees had a fine lly to-day. Have lost one colony in 8,';
as near as I can tflll now. You are aware I winter oul
doors in Fiini hive. J. ,1. Riser.

Adrtlphi, Iowa, Jan. 27th, 1877.
Bi[That is certainly pretty well, but it seems they di.
somctinus die in the Finn hive after all.]

I bought a bee tree last Thursday ; paid .§5,00 for thf
tree. Cut it yesterday, got 85 lbs. of line comb honey,
and a large colony of hybrid hccx. How is that for
wild bees only two years old ?

W^. G. Ckaig, Clearniont, Mo., Feb. i)th, Hi77.

I commenced last season with '15 colonies, several
gave over 100 lbs. box honey.

1 have 07 stands with which to commence the pres-
ent season. W. W. HirronTK.

De Vall's Blulf, Ark., Feb. 12th, 1877.

Have got my saw Hxed for cutting boxes; I use a
slide the same as we use for cross-cutting, with thif,
steel plate fastened on. It works splendidly'.

G. R. Smith, Victor, N. Y.

BEE JOTTINfiS FKOM THE MODIi^IKTV
"LANO OF Mlt,K A^'» MOIXEV"

^N this, my initial "jottings," it would be expedient
HI to inform the readers of Gi.i;anin(;s where I hoU.!
— forth. Though less than 15 miles from San Fran-
cisco and on the opi)Ositc (east) side of the Bay, wt;
are located in one of the best places for an apiary in
this county. The Contra Costa range is hard by on
the cast, while to the west lays the Oakland Valley,
sloping towards the Bay of San Fi-ancisco; on th(!
north and south, low and rolling hills add to the
landscape. A living stream of water Hows nea- our
stands, while trees break ofl'all winds. An important
object (a honey market) to the bee-keo])er, is secured
to us by the two largest cities in the state, each with-
in three quarters of an hour's riile by rail or ferry.
Such Is the location of our apiary.

Although our bees do not gather white sagtj or
orange (•') blossom honey as do those of the lower
counties, we can claim, to our notion, as fine an arti-
cle and a longer honey season than the bee men fur-
ther south have. We do not contend that in this
place such vast (juanlities of nectar can be pradiiced
as in l^os Angelos, San Diego and other lower coun-
ties, but that a good article can be had, and the honey
producing plants are such that bees can be busily em-
ployed every day in the year ; hence, colonies go
through the winter safely, and by the time the peach
blossoms, they will be heavy in stores and strong iia
bees.

While your bees are wintering in their chaff hives ;
whether in cellar, under snow, or--wc don't know
where— let us tell you what our bees are <loing, and
liow they are "wir.tcring." Possibly you may be jeal-
ous, but wc can't help it, for our bees will enjoy theui-
selves these v.inler months, in spite of all our protes-
tatims.

72

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mak

Well, all our bees are on the summer stantls— no
chaff hives, no quilts of any kind, no straw or corn-
I'oddor, no boxes or other useless Itxings about theui,
save a board laid over the top to protect thena a little
I'rora the rain.

For 60 days up to Jan. 16th, not a drop of rain fell,
and how industrious our bees were during that time,
collecting nectar from the Bowers then in blo.nn.
Since tlie 16th we have liad several showers of rain, in
fact, the State has been saved by these rains ; farmers
are jubilant over the prospects. Also the bee-keeper,
for the honey season will be longer aud the yield of
honey will be greater.

What think you of transferring bees on the 2d day
of January? Well, we have performed that opera-
tion, and in due time removed fastenings, etc., exam-
ined bees and comb. When transferred, only one card
of comb contained a few inches of brood, and at the
time of examining we found they had nearly three
cards pretty well filled.

We forgot to mention in the proper place, that the
broken comb was all fastened and everything put in
order by the bees in the transferred hives. About a
week from the date of transferring the above, we per-
formed the same job, with the same result, on another
old box hive.

At this writing, Jan. 22d, bees are working splen-
didly, gathering honey and pollen. Willow is now in
bloom, also about 50 other plants and shrubs from
which honey and pollen are got; in a subseijuent
issue we propose to give a more complete list of them,
therefore, the following will suffice for this time :
Wild and cultivated gooseberries, wild currant, blue
gum, rape, mignonette, horehound, etc.

Of all our stands we are sure, from present indica-
tions, that not one will be lost. U. K. L * * *.

California.

Oh, but we do sometimes transfer iu winter,
friend U. K. L., and if you do not look sharp,
we may beat you in spite of our frosts and
.snows. We are getting to be a "big nation,"
aud keen thinkers, as well as strong-armed
workers, are in the field.

THE "GO-HOPPERS."

^E have really got into trouble this time,
and there is no mistake about it unless
the kind friend who did indite the poem, will
step forward and allow us to give proper cred-
it. We hope the real Mr. D, will excuse us
on the ground that he might otherwise have
never developed his latent talents.

And this is to c;dl Novice to account for an error on page
16, Peb. No., where be has an article, from some grass-
hopper region, over my address. Thus advertising the
hoppers in Central Illinois.

Do please say to your readers, before I am buried
under a pile of enquiries for grass-hopper seed cjcgs,
and countless yards of hopper scroll work, that our hop-
pers are the common kind only; not the improved
variety.

If you just wished my name as an endorsement of the
cheerful little poem, that is all right. I live on the prairie,
and I willingly endorse

"Bees on the Peaihie."
"A life on the prairie is the life for me,"
If der Kansas go-hopper slioost lot me co vrce.
•'The cold blast of winter in worthy a song,"
If he plase dot pold hobber shoost der next blnce
along.

"And when in spring-time the breezes of May,"'
Melts der sbnow vrom der eggs off dot hobber^-

avay,
"I'll listen awiiile to the merry bees' bum ;"
ITnd I dinks ail der vilcs, vill dot go-hobbars

goome ?
"And when the wild rose js opening its bloom."
Und der brairie is govered mit bobbers so soon,
"I'll creep in the shade of my own nurtured

trees, "
Und shake mit my poots, in cmtc akonies.
Farmer City, DeWitt Co., 111. J. E. 1>.

KEPORT FROM "OUR CLiEARlNC."

HOW OUR FEMININE FRIENDS SU(XEED.

*pp|DITOR GLEANINGS: -Our report for 1876 mny
j8[jj|| seem to your readers, as to ourselves, not particu-
larly noteworthy. So, let me say to them please,
that it is given at your request.

May 1st, we had 25 colonies — being the whole num))er
we packed iu chaff the fall before. Of these, five wcfre
weak, one queenless, the remainder in good condition.
We increased these, during the season, to SS, our aim ln;-
ing to increase as little as possible. During June, jusi-
enough honey was gathered to encourage brood rearing
and unnecessary swarming. We never before found it s.*
dilflcult— so well nigh impossible— to prevent and subdu"*
the swarming fever. Plenty of room and only enouch
honey for daily use, was no argument against emigratioit
with bees so enterprising as ours. The honey harvest
lasted from July 12th to September 1st. There were in-
termissions of a day or two occasionally, but, on the
whole, the flow was pretty constant, though seldom
abundant enough to enable us to open hives without the
immediate attendance of robbers. It was, I think, an
average season for our locality. Our surplus was 675 lbs.
of comb honey and something over 575 lbs. of exti-acteil.
One hiuidred lbs. of comb was in the Isham boxes, fhr-
remainder in small section frames.

AVe have depended almost entirely upon our hoiui?
market for the disposal of our surplus, and I am begin-
ning to fear that we may have over estimated its capacity.
We have rather more honey on hand than is desirable ;it
this date ; but as that left is principally extracted, if not
sold it will keep. For 7i» lbs. in Isham boxes we obtained
23c. This was sold at cur nearest city, and brought tliis
price rather by a lucky clvance than any good manage-
ment of ours. The city in question is a very poor honey
market. Our enquiries, after the sale, convinced us that
the purchaser had allowed his admiration of the honey —
the first he had seen in this shape — to over balance his
judgment. For our honey in section frames we have ob-
tained 22>2C., it being retailed at our village stores for 25<'.
The extracted has been sold jiccording to quality. Tiie
best has sold for 75c. in Mason's quart jars and for 30c. iu
Muth's pound jars— ten per cent commission to be di-
ducted. For the poorest, candied, 12xSc. Have sold the
latter only at home. We might, undoubtedly, have sold
a considerable amount of our best candied, at the villago
for 16c.' (including commission) but have delayed to send
it down, fearing that it might in'.erfere too much with tlit'^
sale of our comb honey.

We do not, usually, balance the accoiuit with our bees
before May 1st, but it is, I believe, safe to say that if they
.all survive the winter, and we dispose of our remaining
honey— even at a reduction of ten or twelve per cent on
present prices— we shall have received fair compensatio;>
for labor which does not take us from our home, nor jir.--
vent us from caring for its interests. Cyula Linswh;.

"Our Clearing," Feb. nth, 1S77.

I

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

73

O'l 'UmiUf

From Different Melds.

•" /tT.

I'UKEZINCJ IJKKS.

fiiijI^HiAD you or any of our Noi'thui'u friends been down
vrfv. hereon the niorniim- of the 3d of January jou
*^- — ' •jvoukl liave 11iout,'lit "Sunny South" tlio wrong
name for this locality, hi this neighborjiood tbo mercury
fell to 20' below zero, which wa,s the coldest your humble
<-orrespondent ever experienced, and J hoi)e nevci- to see
it that cold again, I stood it very well, but warmer
wenther suits ute better. I guess you had better put this
article under the head of Blasted Hopes, for if mine are
not entirely blasted, they are "blasted" nigh it.

1 had about a dozen colonies frozen out by the extreme
Cold weather, and since the warm weather has set in I
li mi some of my strongest colonies .almost depopulated.
1 have an opinion that some kind of disease is among
them, for in the center of some of my best hives the
<'ombs are packed with dead bees. I will have to do a
great deal of doubling up this spflng, and I have no idea
that I will have more than 25 good colonies to commence
the season with. Last season was a poor one for honey.
All told I only got a fraction over 2000 pounds. Too much
s-ain during the honey season. I hope to do better this
> esr if I can only keep my bees from dying.

1 can endorse all you have said about Barnes' Foot Pow-
or Saws. I used one the last season and was perfectly
satisfied with it. Every one who has a quantity of hives
to make should have one of these saws.

J, F. MoKTGOMEET, Lincoln, Tenn. Feb. .3d, 1877.
Ouess you better have some chaft', had you
not friend M. ? We agree that there is some-
thing strange about the way bees at times die
ill the wiuter. With 6 combs oi sealed stores
iind chaff cushions, ours seem to stand 20 de-
grees below, without any loss. Were not your
hives so opeu, that the bees starved even with
honey in the other end of their combs ? Crowd
them iutosmall space,and pack them with chalf.

MOVING HIVES CLOSE TOGETHEK FOR OUT-DOOlt
WINTEKING.

have my bees put in winter quarters in a large
1)0X, the hives were put about as close together as
they would set, thcQ took lumber and made a box
that would cover them and packed them with cut
straw all around the hives ; made a chute for them to
come out and in at, .'ust when they please. To the
outside I set little blocks up to make the entrances
sliow by themselves. Now What 1 want to kn iw most
is, will they be apt to rob one another any more in
the spring, than if they were farther apart ? I am
using N. C. Mitchell's hives for one, and have another
the size of the frame of wiiich, 5s in,'.; xl.'i.lj inches, in-
rtiife measurement. Just commenced last jear ; am I
on the right road? I have them all Italianized. I got
the most of my queens from J. H. Nellis & Bro., (§1,00
<iueens) and tliey are good. W. A. D.

Metamora, O., Feb. Tth, 1877.
So far as the straw packing is concerned,
YOU are probably all right, but when your bees
rome to fly, a great many will likely be lost,
by going to their old locality, and if robbing
should get agoing, you will likely have trouble
■I'nough. As we have had a very long cold
spoil, perhaps they will all take the points of
thtir new location, but if you design moving
them back in the spriLig, you will encounter
a fresh trouble, and we really know of no way

but to move the box away, and spread the
hives apart, a little every day, after they get
to work. It is very unwise, to move bees
about in the same yard, for they often go back
to their old home, even after being conlincd
several weeks ; it is better to make a box for
each on their usual stand, or put them in a
house or cellar, and then carry them back ev-
ery time you give them a fly. If you paid
Mitchell or anybody else for a right to the
hive, you did a very foolish thing in this day
of Bee Journals in abundance.

UNITING COLONIES IN 3IAV.

If a person has 100 stocks ol bees in May and wishes
to reduce them to 50 by uniting, what is his best meth-
od to pursue ? riease answer in the March No. The
bees are In frame hives. D. W. Fletcher.

Lansingville, N. Y., Feb. 5th, 1877.

Move the colonies to be united close togeth-
er by moving them about a foot a day, every
day they are flying, then lift the combs, bees
brood and and all, into one hive, and -take the
other away ; you can omit the moving, if you
are willing to waste a great part of your flying
bees. If you thus unite two strong stocks,
you will not only lose your queens,
but will most likely have them divide them-
selves by swarming, in a very few days, unless
you keep a very sharp lookout. The only bee-
keeper who ever recommended uniting bees in
May, that we remember, was our friend Mc-
Fatridge, as given on page 49, Vol. III. He
by this means succeeded in getting nearly 200
lbs. honey to the colony with the extractor,
which is probably almost the only means by
which troublesome swarming might be pre-
vented.

CLOSED TOP SECTIONS AND RAISING CHAFF.

In relation to section boxes with closed tops I have
used such for first sets and sometimes have used them
doubled or tiered up by simply putting in two or three
bottom side up in the lower sets, the bottom bars be-
ing narrow, this leaves a space for the bees to pass
through when reversed. If chaff is to be the order of
the day I have a species of oats that will yield three
times more chaff than the c&mmon kind, the grain is
good but yields light with us. J. H. Martin.

Hartford, N. Y., Jan. 31st, 1877.

HOW MANY STOCKS CAN BE KEPT IN ONE LOCALITY.

How many swarms of bees can a person keep in one
place and have them do well '? What is the experience
of long-time bee-keepers on this subject ?

M. Weight, Middleville, Mich. Dec. 20th, 1876.

A few years ago it was thought 50 were as
many as it were well to keep in one place, but
within the past few years we have many suc-
cessful apiarists who keep as many as 100 or
more, and there are those who keep even 200
in one locality, and get fair yields on an aver-
age. Perhaps it would be well to give your
locality a pretty good test at 50, and then try
a greater number, a few at a time ; if you can
make 100 colonies average 50 lbs. to the hive,
it will pay you to keep that number, for the
expense is very much less where you have
them all under your immediate supervision
than where you have them in difiercnt apia-
ries a mile or two apart. It should be remem-
bered that some localities will support 200
colonies, much better than others would 50.

74

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mar

My report for 1876 is not a very good one. Ten
stocks in spring increased to 21 and 242 lbs. of comb
honey. Very dry before harvest and cold fall. We
had scarcely any fall honey gathered. My bee aecH
would stand about as follows.

Increase 11 stands(aiO,00 §110 00

242 lbs. comb honey in comb@20c 48 40

if. 8 40
Contra.

Toll hiTes@l 25 Sl3

•' 1 queen in 8pi'ing(li 3 50 3 50

'* 4. dollar (ineens 4 20

'' Gleanings ami Journal 2 25

" Comb Foundation 2 25 25 ?*5

Balance in favor of bees $132 45

The <iueen8 I bought of J. Oatman & Co., Dundee,
111., and very nice ones they were and put up in the
best of taste. I now have 23 stands in cellar, most of
them in good shape. Bought 2 stands in fall.

D. Paterson, Algona, Iowa.

LETTER FROM GEORGIA.

I have 38 colonies of bees, about one-third pure Ital-
ians, the rest hybrids, all in movable comb hives. My
frames are between Gallup and American in size, 8
to the hive. I used an extractor of my own make last
summer and took about 800 lbs. liquid honey, no comb.
Began the season with 12 poor colonies and increased
to 49 mostly by natural swarming, but had to double
np, or down, to 3S as there was an absolutely total
failure ot fall supplies from drouth from Aug. 15th.
The season was much below an average one. I think
that in an ordinary season I can average 100 lbs. per
hive, of extracted honey.

Our main sources are poplar, black gum, persim-
mon, huckle-berry, chestnut, wild-cherry, holly,
peach, apple, Chickasaw plum, cow pea, honey lo-
cust, linn, and cotton, besides many other that yield
quite freely some seasons. There are some seasons,
immense quantities of honey-dew here from which
the bees store very large amounts of a very good hon-
ey. This honey-dew honey, so far as I have observed,
tastes well, looks well, and has no deleterious proper-
ties that would exclude it from the table, neither does
it seem to disagree with the bees in any way.

HONEY FROM THE COTTON PLANT.

I have never seen any mention of the cotton ]Mant
as being a honey producer, but it unquestionably
yielded nearly all that I got last summer. It is a beau-
tifully clear, pale str.aw colored honey, very thin
when extracted, so thin in fact that I feared ferment-
ation, but I was unable to bring about souring though
I tried a number of experiments ; whether left open,
or sealed up, in a cool or warm room, t thickened up.
It is very sweet and bland, and whenever not sealed
up has become a hard, beautifully white granular
mass. A thing I have never known to happen in our
climate with honey before it Is four years old. Some
granulated in my hives. Please excuse me lor thus
tresspassing. I have written with my little Blue Eyes
on my lap. Dr. A. H. Brantley.

Decatur, Georgia, Jan. 17th, 1876.

We had a very good season for bees until Sept. 1st,
alter that date we had very little honey gathered ;
.Sept. is generally as good a month for honey as any
with us but this season it was a failure. I began the
season with 10 colonies of Italian bees, increased to
25, got GOO lbs. of honey, 40D of extracted, 200 of box
honey, and raised 80 queens. Don't see how any prac-
tical bee man can call comb Idn. a failure, I used it
last summer and I think it is just what bee-keepers
need. I will want 10 or 15 lbs. next summer if my

bees gel through the winter all right. Bees all put
away in their winter quarters.

M. M. Callbn, Moravia, Iowa, I>ec. IStb, '76.

Had only 10 swarms in '72 ; they have increased to 2lt»
and given 13500 lbs honey. My farm Is new and 1
don't have time to care for my bees as I ought. 3
think I shall try the comb fdn. this year, wonld it be
advisable for a green hand like myself to try 25 lbs. at
first ? I have had no experience with it.

Would it be colder for bees to have a higher stand >*
My stands are only 5 inches high ; it seems to be very
warm so close to the ground. I have thought some oil
making my packing boxes solid for winter, and turn-
ing them over to use for stands in summer.

EXTRACTED VERSUS COMB HONEY.

I shall use the extractor more another year. I havw
not had half enough extracted honey during the last
two yeax's to supply the home demand. I don't have-
to ship any extracted honey.

HONEY, HOW TO SELL.

I have a great secret in selling it but I don't charge
anything for the secret^ and will tell you what it is. /
sell to all at the same price. Sometimes a customc:-
will think he only Avants a puond or two ; takes it at
a low price and when it is gone, comes back for 50 or
100 lbs. more.

SWARMING, PREVENTION OF.

Can you tell me how to manage large swarms in
May when there is no honey ? Honey comes here
about the 5th of June, it don't vary two days and be-
fore it comes in plenty they swarm. 1 don't and can'r.
keep them from it until honey is plenty. I have tried
to raise good queens before they swarmed. If I could
keep them from swarming until the middle of June I
could prevent it entirely.

Lewis Kelley, Ionia, Mich., Jan. 15tli, 1877.

We very much prefer that everybody shoukl
try the fdn. as well as everything else, on a
small scale flrst, that there may be no disap-
pointment. We will sell you a single ounce if
you wish, for we have full confidence in your
plan, friend K., of selling small quantities at a
low price, just for accomodation; for if our
produce is good, we may be sure of further
patronage. Let us try to surprise our patrons
at the very low rate at which we can sell a
really good article. We do not find any ad-
vantage in having high stands, and if you usl-
3 story hives, you will be apt to get the upper
story inconveniently high for handling the
frames if you raise them up very much. Yon
can certainly" prevent the swarming fever by
keeping them short of honey, but we really
know of no other way, unless it is to have an
unlimited supply of empty combs on hand to
contain all the honey that may be brought in.

MOTH WORMS AWD POLLEW.

In regard to moth worms working in combs containiuK
pollen, I can give you a little item myself. While »
friend and I were tnansferring a black stock for a man in
the coiuitry, wo discovered the combs were infested with
worms, and on looking closer, by breaking the comb
apart, found the pollen alive with very small moth worms,
but few of them being found anywhere else on the combs.
The combs were nice white ones built this season and we
had to throw away everything that contained any pollen.
That was the first time I ever saw or heard of the moth
working in pollen. Will M, Kellogg, Oneida HI.

TWELVE SWARMS FROM ONE IN ONE SEASON.

.Tudge John Porter of this city, had one stock Inst
spring. They gave bim 12 swarms, two run off, sivod

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

75

,.'ti, and got some bos honey besides. Some of the
swiirras did not have honey cnoiiph to winter over. Now
( hese bees manaK^d (lunt.^eh-cs^ except that the Jnd(?e
liived them. T, <l. McGaw.

Monmouth, 111., Jan. 29th, 1877.

I have a Barnes' Saw. like it well- Can't a 7 or 8 inch
n;iw be put en the C inch saw mandrel V From 28 colonies
:ind an increase of ;50. 1 got over 3300 lbs. of comb honey
last year. I just got the Jan. No. of Gleanings last
week, and I woukl'iit take $5.00 for what I learned in it,
<specially since I use the J^arnes Saw. J. F. Fiorey.

Modesto, Cal. Jan. 31st, 1877.

It takes much more power to drive a 7 or 8
inch saw, and the light mandrel, although suf-
ticient for the 6 inch, we think would hardly
be suitable, for large saws ; the belt power al-
so, would hardly be capable of running an 8
inch saw. As we increase the diameter of
saws, we consume power vciy rapidly, and
when we get up to 10 inches, we need a ^ or 4
horse power engine to drive it eft'ectively. A
t> inch saw as a general thing, we think will
be found as large as can be used profitably
with foot power, unless we accnmulate power
by heavy balances, and then saw only a part
of the time we are treading. With a man at
the crank, and another to do the sawing, an 8
inch saw might do very well.

DTSENTEEY AND DWINDLING, REMEDY.

I am beginning in the bee business, have some that are
dying with the dysentery. What shall I do for them ?
Have one in Langstroth, one in box, tlie rest in hives 11^^
xilt inches, movable frames. T. N. Whitelt.

Burlington, Mich. Feb. 6th, 1877.
We really do not feel sure that anything can
be done, when bees have once got the disease
badly, unless we have warm weather that will
allow them to fly freely, and even then, they
are very apt to get the "dwindling" and die in
spite of us. The best advice we can give, is
to double them up until you have strong colo-
nies, then give them so few combs, that the
"oees can cover them all, and have these combs
contain good sealed stores. The thin, watery
bad tasting stufl" that is usually found in dis-
«iased colonies, will certainly kill them if they
are obliged to use it lu bad weather. During
the summer, we have used cooibs containing
such stores without any bad results that we
could discover. Plenty of bees on a few combs
of good stores, well covered with chalf cush-
ions, will we think take care of themselves in
any weather. If you can not get the good
stores, give them empty combs, with sticks of
candy above them, under the chaff cushions.

movable frame hive, without having such a sticky mess
of it, as is generally the case. I was out in the apiary
watching the bees, on the first of February ; the day was
warm !»nd pleasant, and the bees were having a fine fly.
SudJeidy they began rushing out of an old box hive, and
circling in the air as when swarming. The same mo-
ment a thouLTht popped into my cranium ; why not trans-
fer that hive of bees now, and save the trouble next
spring. 1 picked up the old box and carried it a few
steps away, and placed on the same stand a movable
frame hive nearly full of comb and honey. The bees con-
tinued to fly around for a few moments and then settled
on a board on which I had set the box they came out of.

I then took the board and shook the bees off in front of
the hive, and happening to see the queen picked her up
and put her in the hive where the rest sfxxi followed, and
now they don't seem to know that they have changed
quarters at all. I afterward examined the hive the bees
were in, and found they had no honey, nothing but pol-
len ; that probably was the reason they swarmed out.
Cteus McQueen, Buena Vista, O., Feb. Uh, 1877.

It would be rather risky to undertake to
make a business of starving bees out in this
manner, but we may profit by the idea of giv-
ing a transferred colony as many good combs
as the new hive will hold, besides all their
own brood combs. We advised in Vol. I, giv-
ing the pieced up combs to different stocks.
This enables them to repel robbers, much bet-
ter than if they had all the clearing up to do
themselves.

I generally winter 2 or 3 swarms, and in ,Tuly or Ai^gust
take up 4 to 6 new swarms. It does not seem to cost
much, neither do I make it very profitable.

C M. KiNNi^T, Northampton, Mass. Feb. .5th, 1877.
Does it not cost you some twinges of con-
science, friend K., to thus murder the little
rellows you have seen all summer long labor-
ing so faithfully, and so innocently? Besides
you can get much more, much nicer, can get
the honey more easily, and have your bees
left besides, by adopting some of the modern
ways of working.

TItANSl-EKKING ON A NOVEL PLAN.

1 will try to tell you of a trick I played on a hive of
b:'tv^ transferring them from an old fashioned bo.\, to a

ARTIFICIAL POLLEN.

A friend writes "thusly." Bee Bread : Pulverized slippery
elm bark 1 lb. Barley malt yround fine 1 lb. Make into
a dough by wetting up with pure strained honey or sugar
syrup. If not made too stiff it can be spread on cotton
cloth and hung between the frames, or it may be made
into cakes and laid on top of frames over bulk of bees. I
find it fine for (?«»-/// spring feeding. If the cakes get dry
and hard it will be well to dampen them occasionally.
Have taken several colonies throuKh winter ivithout any-
thing else. Please give your opinion of the above.

H. Nesbit, Cynthiana, Ky.
Some time ago friend Nesbit of Cynthiana,
Ky., sent us the above. The paper was mis-
laid and we have never made a test of it, but
from the good reports of malt, we have no
doubt that the bees would use it for brood
rearing. Slippery elm, has formed the basis of
a great number of receipts and secrets for bee-
feed and artificial honey, but friend N's re-
port is the first favorable one we have ever re-
ceived. Perhaps friend N. has justly earned
the $5.00 offered some time ago for a cheap
substitute for pollen. Slippery elm is very
cheap, and malt — cannot we manage to give it
all to the bees '{

BROOD rearing IN WINTER, UNDESIRABLE.

Wintering 23 stocks on summer stands ; all right yet,
though the weather keeps obstmately cold. The mercury
touched 44 for a short time yesterday, February 2d. My
bees have not had a good fly this winter. A few came out
the past two days. One colony is breeding, I think how-
ever breeding at this season of tiie year is a damage.
More bees have died in that hive than any other.

8. T. Pkttit, Belmont, Out. Can. Feb. ."d, 1877.

It is pretty well decided that spring dwind-
ling is worst whea the bees begin to rear
brood rapidly, but on the other hand bees at
times raise large amounts of brood in winter
without seeming injury, and we have both re-

76

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mae.

suits in the same apiary. It lool<s now very
much, as if the dwindling were caused by
want of close warm hives, but we need much
experience in the matter before deciding too
hastily.

There is a man in oar county by the name of Boush
that has patented a moth proof hive (box hive with
hopper shaped glass bottoms). Now I do not think
he could sell a hive to a man that ever owned ten
stocks of bees, still he has sold 2 or $3000,00 worth of
territory rights. Samuel J. Dallison.

Bedford, Iowa.

My bees have wintered A No. 1 in spite of our se-
vere and lasting winter. We had 23^ below zero
several mornings. I have on my roof very strong
stands for this time of the year. One, two or three
frames with brood, ia every hive but three. One of
ray covers was leaking which made that hive dwin-
dle down very much, as a matter of course. I
should be sorry if, on account of my carelessness, I
should be compelled to report the loss of one stand.

Honey trade was very good this winter. I have
sold large quantities very readily. Trade is slow at
present, however. Chas. F. Muth.

Cincinnati, O., Feb. 12th, 1877.

Have had three seasons' experience with section
frames and like them vei-y well. Have always had
ready sale in St. Louis, Mo., at 25 cts. per lb. gross
weight. Has anyone ever tried rubber rings such as
are used to fasten memorandum acc'ts together with,
to hold the glass on sections or other honey boxes.
A. T Williams, St. Charles, Mo., Jan. 22d, '77.

SWARMING AND TKANSFEKRING IN THE WINTER.

Bees have been flying 7 or 8 days— worked freely on
flour when they could get it. Had one swarm first
day of this month and transferred two this week ; you
may think we have a little summer time over tliis way,
but I will explain. In the first place, I bought last
fall some swarms in log-gums, these I put about 100
yards from the house ; and I had setting on the south
side of the house 3 or 4 swarms in movable comb
hives. Well, it was one of these that fell into the
hands of these "log gum fellows" who actually strip-
ped them, of all they had, in the way of sweets. Re-
alizing, I presume, their poverty, they concluded to
hunt new quarters. Well sir, these bees had the
boldnes* to come right over where their enemies
were, and settle on a peach tree ; they were put back
in their hive, fed plenty of honey, and now the frames
are teeming with eggs and larva;.

Now about transferring ; during our coldest weath-
er it froze so hard, one of the gums burst open and
let honey, brood, bees and all come down. They
were transferred and seem to be doing well ; the other
one was a weak swarm with plenty ol honey, in a
large gum. About this one we reasoned thus : if they
were in a movable comb hive, we could by the use of
the division board ])ut tliem in a small i)lace and wi'ap
them snugly, which would enable them to retain more
heat and cause them to rear brood faster : so we went
to work and fixed tliem just that way. Now Mr. Ed-
itor what do you think of the above course ?

W. H. Kerr, Waynetown, Ind.. Feb. 12th, '77.
You did jnst right of course, and we need
have no fear of working with our bees in the
middle of tlie winter, if we have weatlier en-
abling them to Uy, other than that it may
cause tliem to rear a lot of brood, which may
be killed by the lirst freeze, thus wasting the
honey they consume in the work.

FRAME VEE3US BOX HIVES POR AVINTEBING.

Bees in this locality are wintering very poorly in box
hives. Those in frame hives are in good condition as far
as I have examined. We are hitv'ing steady cold winter
weather here at present, with quite a body of snow. 1
antiaipate a very heavy loss of bees in box hives this win-
ter unless they are ventilated at the top. I find a very
good way to ventilate box hives, having no holes in tho
top, is to bore a one inch hole in front of the hive about
two inches from the top. I would like to hear from oth-
ers through Gleanings, on the subject.

D, W. Fletcher, Lansingville, N. Y. Dec. 23d. 1876.

I too have just got a Barnes buzz saw, and am making
section frames according to directions on pages 8 and i) of
Gleanings. I don't exactly know whether I am crazy
or not, but my bees surely will be if they refuse to store
honey in such nice little boxes as I am making for them.
Lucius Snow, Blakesburg, Iowa, Jan. 23d, 1877.

cushion division boards, a guage foe common
shears, and chaff packing.

I am Breatl.v interested in the chafE cushion experiment.

The division boards are very objectionable, for unless
well fdled they cannot confine the heat sufficiently.
Your new sectional boxes are very much like those I have
been using the past season, but I would recommend that
those used on the first tier or CDurse be made with closed
tops and then when the second is put under they must
be ojjen top and bottom as you have them. I had three
tiers on two hives last year. Made thedi into boxes by
pasting stout paper on sides and tops of part, and sides of
lower tiers. I put glass on each end and so made a 14 lb.
sectional box, glassed. When filled, cov(r with paper on
open sides and tliey are ready to ship.

I wish to give a hint that may be useful to many of our
fraternity now that pa|)er and cloth are entering into use
so much among us. At the centennial my wife came
across a most convenient little gauge for cutting cloth or
paper into strips regularly, so convenient and valuab'i>
that its merits ought to be known. You may have seen
it, if not you will value it highly and your wife will deem
it indispensable. They are sold at 91.00, plated, and I
think ought to be at 50c. But $5.00 would not induce my
wife to i)art with hers. It is attached to the point of the
shears, and will gauge any width to S inches while cut-
ting. You ought to test and keep it among your supplies.
Tlie patentee is J. Lamb of JelTersonville, N. Y.

About packing. Would it not do to take, say a t or .''.
foot dry gootls or other box and put 1 hives ni it, and
chaff at bottoftis with l openings in different sides and
tlien fill in with chalT light, having it deep enough for 2
stories anil then pack upper story with cliaff cushion ? I
suggest and shall try it at once. It saves lumber even if
larger size is re juired. and saves roofing and time. I have
not done remarkably, but attribute it to my want of time
to give full iittention. I had as high as 80 lbs. from one
colony in sections and 10 and 50 lbs. from several, but on-
ly about 1000 lbs. from 51 old and new. Our ssVarms were
very short last year. J. W. Porter.

Charlottesville, Va. Feb. 12th, 1877-

We do not know of any kind of division board
that will be so close and warm, as the cush-
ions. Tlie gauges meutioued, we think would
be excellent for cutting fdn. Will try and see
how low they can be furnished. The objection
to putting 4 or more colonies into one box, is
that their summer locations must be changed,
and that they will get mixed up and lost
should they happen to fly during the winter.
More than "all, they have got to be taken out ot
these boxes tjefore they can be handled well
lor surplus of any kind. •

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

77

Since Jan. iTlh bees Lave llowu nearly every ilay.
On the tilst. wc c'xainlne<l two stocka that are out-
doors without any protevllon except earjiet on the
frames ; they were in good condition, but had con-
sumed a big lot of honey. The queens in both had
just begun to lay. Temperature in cellar has stood at
'48'^ for a week past and the bees are humming as if it
were a summer evening, and busy carrying the dead
bees to the entrance. To-day I took a stock out that
was only ;? inches from cellar lloor and was iicrfccNi/
MUict. It was very strong In bees and had less dea<l ones
than I expected to lind in it. In two frames tliere
were 3 inches siniare of ca])ped brood. This hive last
season gave a swarm June nth; the old hive made 120
lbs. box lioiiey and the new swarm 110, total 2:50 lbs.
«}uitc a number of 7icw swarnib gave 100 lbs. Now our
friend Kellogg is only about 30 miles from here and
as good as the past season was, he from 9 stocks in
the spring increased to '20 and took only 330 lbs. of ex-
tracted honey from the whole '20. He thinks he is in
a poor locality and that it is overstocked. I judge
there are not 50 stocks witliin a mile of Oneida. 1
think the dilliculty is his stocks are not strong at the
right time. I told him 1 thought this was his dilllcul-
ty. Kellogg will probably combine with Wm. Hol-
Hngsworth and run the bees at the river this season.
If I take them on the shares again he will work for
me. I advised him to run tliera on t.iic shares but he
was alraid he would get so many bees on his hands it
would swamp liini.

Well, our young friend Wm. Hardin Haines seems
to liave a good deal of vim in him. He is working to
get up a convention of bee-keepers to meet here the
lirst or second week in April. He has ordered 35
<iueen bees from .Switzerland and Italy- -says he will
sell them at $8,(0 each. He lias also set his stakes to
raise 400 queens besides attending to his apiary. He
did liave SO stocks but has sold 30 hybrid stocks. Not
many 18 year old chaps that can do all the above. He
lives 40 or 50 miles below me.

T. G. McGaw, Monmouth, 111.

I have been cariying my be^ out of the cellar to-day.
Found all O. K. except S starved out. They were Sept.
swarms and I knew they were light but was in hopes
that they had enougli to last until I carried them out. I
have over 90 colonies left. H. A. Burch and my brother
have had bad luck with their bees. They had them in
Burch's lijuse apiaries and they took fire and burned up.
I think there were some 135 colonies. A. C. Balcu.

Kalamazoo, Feb. 0th, 1877.

We sin<'erely hope the house apiaries were
well insured, as all such structures should al-
ways be.

We hive a beautiful day here to-day awaj north of you
just about where the It degree line comes. It makes me
feel like letting my bees out to have a fly. Poor things
have been shut up in the cellar for about three and a half
months ::nd it seems hard that they should not be allow-
I'd to enjoy such ;■- fine d;iy. I hope that bee-keeping will
soon be mannaed m that we will not have to kee)) th.em
confined all uinter. Do you think 1 had better let them
have a good fly in March ? Now I want to begin bee-
i;eeping in earnest in the spring. I have 9 stocks of
black bees and have bought 10 stocks of Italians from
fiiend Jones of Becton. The hive I use is 12x18 inside
measure and 15 inches high. Can put any number of
frames in from 1 to 12 ; and a division board which comes
withhi 5 inches of the bottom. Cover consists of a flat
V)Diird nbout 2 inches larger than tlie box outside, with a
two inch belt all round It made just large enough to fit
(/own over the box cozy. All I iiul telwtcn the c(ncr and

frames, is one or two thicknesstis of cotton (factory). The
frames set crosswise of the box and hang on strips of
stovepipe iron so as not to be easily stuck with propolis,
and will lift out easily by means of the division board. I
can make the hive any size inside.

BNTIIANCE8 ; AT SIDES OE ENUa OF FRAMES.

The bees enter at the end of the hive. Would it not be
better for them to etder at the end of the frames instead
of at the sides of them, as by so doing they have to go on
the bottom or .along the side to g<'t to the rack in the far
end of the hive from the entrance? 1 have to build a
nund)er of new liives this spring and would like to have
you suggest any improvement on these. Do you think
them too high or too long, 18 inches from entrance to the
back of the hive? I shall want about 1 dozen queens as
early in the season as 1 can get them, sny .lune 15th. I
don't want thrm of iJadant's stock as those 1 have are
from his, and I want to cross them. Shall probably pat-
roiuze friend Oatman.

i am going to seed down about 10 acres of my farm near
the bees, with clover this se.ison. Can get seed as follows.
Ked clover for 1-lc, alsike 25c, white Dutch .'iOc. per lb.
Taking the crop, price of .seed, and all into consideration,
which kind would you advise me to sow 'f liemember 1
am a good bit north of you and our seat-ons must be
shorter. If drones are necessary to impregnate queens,
how can queens begin to lay in the spring after killing oft'
drones the fall before? C. R. Tench.

Newmarket, Out. Can. Feb. 14th, 1877.

We too hope bees will soon be wintered so
they can come out whenever they wish, and
without any attention from their keeper.
Where they arc perfectly quiet and healthy —
clean, dry combs — we would not djsturb them
until settled warm weather, but if damp or
uneasy, and trying to come out, wc would set
them out to fly the first warm day.

We do not like such a hive as you describe,
near as well as the one we gave on our Feb.
cover, with the Langstroth frame. Especially,
do we find the bees disinclined to work in a
long hive on comb honey. Last season we
had combs built much more readily in a fourth
story, than in the ends of a hive 30 inches
long. It is pretty well agreed that we want
our honey stored as near the brood combs as
possible, and by no means can we think of
omitting the space just above the brood. For
the sake of permitting the bees to get to the
brood in the most direct way, we would have
the entrance at the ends of the central combs,
and whether it should be on the bottom board,
or a few inches above, remains yet to be deci-
ded.

We do not think you need to take any pains
to cross your stock. They will almost always
get all the cross needed irom the black bees
near j^ou, in spite of all you can do.

It will be a hard matter to get many queens
by June 15th, unless you are willing to pay an
extra price for them.

We would recommend the alsike, although
white Dutch may be equally good ; but few
experiments have been made with the latter.

Your latter question is like a great quantity
of others, that are fully answered in every text
book and every work on bee culture. In fact
it is so well understood by all bee-keepers that
the impregnation of the queen lasts her whole
life, that we fear we are doing wrong to take
the space here to reply to such. Will not our
friends look over their books a little more, be-
fore taking the trouble to ask questions that
are really the A, B, C's of the science V Prof.
Cook's manual is only ;jOc, and it goes briefly
over the whole ground.

78

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mak.

CHAFF, THE FIRST COMPLAINT.

I am not very well pleased with the chafl theory now,
w*e packed three swarms a la Townly to the very letter of
the law, and lately they are bound to get out and perish
on the snow. Shut them in ! Nonsense ! they will gnaw
out in spite of us. Did you say their honey wasn't good ?
Aye, but it was, all sealed, plenty of it too. Plague on
the hobbies, I think I shall not make any chaff hives yet.
Hasn't friend Jones, Beeton P. O. Ont. 400 swarms ? and
doesn't he keep them in frost proof repositories from
November till nearly May ; and never loses any ? And
he never gives them a fly either. And doesn't friend Bo-
lin, and all the rest of the successful ones follow the same
plan ? Think of friend .Jones, 50 miles north of Toronto
wintering his bees all successfully and us farther south
losing them. I think I shall build a bee house just like
bis next summer ; they are very cheaply built as he
builds them. Ila Michenee.

Low Banks, Ont. Can. Jan. 27th, 1877.

That is right friend M., if we are in danger
of going wild on hobbies, we shall expect you
as one of our best friends, to lift up your
voice against it. Mr. Doolittle would say you
were keeping the bees too warm ; if such is
the case, can not you give them a little more
ventilation? Friends Jones, Bolin, Grimm,
and ever so many others, do succeed in win-
tering, but they have the springing troubles to
contend with, after they are wintered. What
we expect of the chaff, is to have it "spring" as
well as to winter them. Give us the facts on
the other side by all means. Good cellars, are
certainly as safe as any plan that has ever yet
been tried.

the spring, as almost anything else in bee cul-
ture. It seems to be a part of the phenomena
of spring dwindling, for very strong stocks
seldom or never do it. We have hoped the
chaff packing might remedy this too, but time
will have to determine.

I commenced last spring with one stock of Italian bees.
About the middle of May they played "sharp" on me and
swarmed just as I was in the act of making an artificial
swarm. I hived them all nice and good, and three weeks
later the first swarm gave otf a very large swarm, which
■was saved and did well. Prom parent stock I got 100 lbs.
of nice comb honey, and from first swarms I got 50 lbs.

While I was absent from home in June, a stray swarm
of black bees came along and was hived. They com-
menced work in the peak of cap ; and there they are now.
Now comes the "tug of war ;" how shall I get them out
of the cap down into the body of the hive ? The entire
.space from top of lower frames to peak is full. Shall 1
wrench the cap off and transfer them below early in the
sprmg ? Or shall I wait until near swarming time and
form a new colony with what is in the cap ? I shall take
the black bees five or six miles into the 'country to pre-
vent mixing, and shall Italianize them as soon as I can
get queens. E. H. Ceippen.

Moscow, Ind. Peb. 6th, 1877.

The combs are in all probability not attached
very much at the bottom, so we think yon can
lift otf the cap without very much trouble.
We are inclined to think you have the old
style American hive, if so you had better split
the cap up when you transfer, and then to lin-
ish up the job, you had better split up the hive
too, before you get any more such. Be sure
you have the frames well covered, whenever
you hive a swarm in any hive, that the bees
can not possibly start their combs on the cover.

SWAKMINO OUT IN SPRING.

There are hard times ahead— my bees are all trying to
organize into one colony ! C. W. Leffens.

Lubeck, W. Va., Peb. 1st, 1877.

We are perhaps as helpless in preventing
swarming out and going into other hives in

I am going to use some Simplicities next seaton,
metal cornered frames below, section frames above.
I do not like to use movable bottoms, but I can not
get hives made here with any exactness as I want
them. Metal corners are icy concerns in late fall
weather, but they are so nice to handle, I will try to
keep them warm some way. I want the section
frames to hang Sn the upper or lower story (as per
last Gleanings), in frames. Comb honey in large
boxes sells slowly here and as low as extracted, and I
am going to make a desperate eflfort to secure some in
sections. The "deacon," my neighbor, some two or
three years ago, made some neat little boxes holding
3 lbs. and they sold quick at 30 cts. per lb. when 20 lb.
boxes would not sell at all. The local market here \»
now supplied with extracted honey and we must get
honey up in some other shape, or export at low pri-
ces. I am not one who is scared at low prices ; 10 cts.
pays me well enough. A man recently wrote to my
neighbor the "deacon,"' from Chicago for 50 lbs. ex-
tracted honey ; was willing to take buckwheat honey
if we had no better, but must have some honey to eat
on his "slapjacks" at any price— none to be hatl in
the great city of Chicago that could be relied on as
Jwney. It seems to me here is a splendid opening lor
another "Muth.-' If I were "foot loose" and had even
a limited reputation in that city as an upright dealer,
I would furnish Chicagoans with as good an article as
Muth does in Cincinnati. I want a buzz saw worsi^
than anything else but I will have to wait awhile.
Our blacksmith is studying on a band saw or jig or
something ot that sort and when he gets tired think-
ing of that, we are going to get him to go in with us
lor a "buzz." R. L. JoiNEii,

Wyoming, Wis., Jan. 30th, 1877.

We clip the following from the Louisiana
State Register. If we mistake not our friend
Perrine, has really turned bee-Iieeper.
bee notes.

Dr. Rush, formerly of Point Coupee and one of the bei^t
bee-k63pers in the South, has located his entire apiary on
the plantation of Major A. W. Rountree, opposite the
Carrollton Perry. He has one hundred colonies.

Messrs. Perrine & Grabbe have started into business by
putting up a saw mill and cutting out material for one
thousand hives. They have purchased about one hund-
red and fifty colonies of black bees, and brought one
himdred colonies of Italians with them from Chicago.
They are located on St. Charles Avenue, in the Seventh
District.

Our friend Alex. McConnell, lOG Clio St., who is tlie
father of the bee business in this state, and who has for-
gotten more about bees than most be'e-keepers ever
learned, has put his apiary in first class order, and starts
out with one hundred colonies of the purest Italians in
the state.

Last, and least, the editor modestly mentions that he
has some bees that he will be glad to show any of his
friends who are in any way interested in the honey bus-
iness, if they will call at his residence on Carrollton Avv'.

This state in its honey producing capacity is supsrior to
California. This fact is becoming recognized and wo an-
ticipate this spring some considerable interest in tlu' bee
business.

1S77

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

7!)

|mi' f 0I|^#.

But when thou art bidden, go and sit down in the
lowest room; that when he that bade thee conielli,
he may say unto thee, Friend, go up higher; then
.shalt thou have worsliip in the presence ot them tliat
sit at meat with thee. For wliosoever exalteili him-
*eU'6liall be abased; and he that humbleth himself
dhall bo exalted.— Lulse 15 ; 10, 11.

^E^^EFORE taking up the subject embodied
■^^ iu the text above, I beg to be allowed to
go back to where I left off last month, for I
have not quite had my say iu regard to walk-
ing iu the open air. I fear there are many
among our readers who do not know what a
pleasure, and what a stimulant to good
thought, and better impulses, is walking iu
the open air, even though the temperature be
below zero. Very likely there are many who
will say they have tried walking but that they
can not stand it, and there they will stop and
<>ive it up, just because they did not persevere
until dear kind old Dame Nature had learned
just what was wanted and had made provision
for the unexpected demand in a new direction.
If you break a comb in a bee hive during the
working season, you will tind that the bees
commence at once to repair the mischief by
removing all the honey, and then very deftly
•luiitiug the fractured edges, so that when all
is done it would hardly be discovered there
liiid ever been a break at all. If you should
again tear the comb apart in the same place a
day or two afterward, you will find that they
the second time, make a much stronger job of i
it than they did the first time, and so on ;
many of our readers have had opportunity of
verifying this with badly constructed hives. ]
Now if one of the bones of our bodies are bro-
ken, nature goes to work to repair the damage, '
in a manner quite similar; the blood and
proper organs, performing the office of the bees, i
A few years ago Dr. Salisbury gave me a work
upon human (blood, with plates representing
the discoveries he had made in regard to the
circulation, by use of the microscope. I was
much struck with the view of minute tlireads,
looking like tiny straws or hairs, that were ;
floating iu the blood, and which were in reali- ;
ty fibres of lean meat or muscle, that were just ;
ibrmiag, for the purpose of building up the '
tissues of the body. These fibres are carried
along in the blood to points needed, and are
then interwoven in such a way as to build up
ue\T organs, or to repair old that are in the
process of wearing away. This seemed almost
too wonderful to be true, and on my next visit
I enquired why I had never seen these fibres.
Were they really to be seen in all blood y The
reply was that they were to be seen in all
blood, but that they had never been observed,
simply because ao one had thought of looking
for them, like the planets in the heavens, and I
many other things. As soon as some blood
was placed under the microscope, and I was
told what to look for, I saw them distinctly in
great numbers. Well, now is it not a fact
that when we undertake any form of exercise
that we are unused to, nature begins at ouc^'
build ins stronger and firmer the portions of
the body that are found unable to bear the un-
usual strain, and is it any indication that some i

duties are too much for us, simply because we
feel at first that we arc not strong enough to
to bear them ? Wlien a person who is unused
to it, commences to use an ax or a hoe, they
fre<iuently find the skin wearing from their
I hands, or if the exercise is not taken gradually,
blisters are frequently the result; afrer a time
I nature has supplied a thick hard skin iu place
of the light and soft, and seems making proper
! provision for the work to be done.
I Soiue years ago. Dr. Salisbury as a part of
I his prescription, advised horse back riding. 1
I told him it was impossible for me to think of
such exercise, and that I could never stand il.
He said that it was only a notion I had, and
that I would soott enjoy it very much; that I
must, take it up as a regular business. Well, I
' did think for the first week or two, that it
would use me up entirely, and then I was such
a great coward, that 1 suffered from fear, al-
most as much as from fatigue; I was sure I
should never get so as to like it. What was
i the result V In less than a month, I was riding
all over the country, at times at a break-neck
speed, and getting glimpses of health and an-
imal spirits such as I had never before dreamed
of, and more than that as I became accus-
tomed to the exercise I forgot all about being
timid and preferred a wild colt, to any other
way of going 10 miles that could be devised.
xlt one of our livery stables was a horse that
had been used for racing, Init had a bad fault
of stumbling ; after I had been thrown over
her head twice, I so far forgot all fear, as to in-
dulge in a hearty laugh as I sprung out of her
way as she fell a third time. The point I wish
to illustrate is that nature not only adapts our
bodies to the circumstances in which we are
placed, but our minds as well, and I do think
that the veriest coward, may become reckless
almost, if that is the right expression, simplj'
by becoming accustomed to rough life and the
exhileration that accompanies brisk muscular
exercise and becoming familiar with danger.

One more word about cowardice, since the
recent rail-road disaster near us, there are
those who say they shall be afraid hereafter to
ride on the cars, and there are people who fear
to cross the ocean, and others who will not
work in mines, or go up on high buildings, etc.,
etc., because all these situations endanger life
more or less. To come nearer home, we occa-
sionally have reports of people dying from the
efl'ects of a bee sting, and therefore some will
say they never wish to have anything to do
with bees. My friends do you think those peo-
ple really enjoy life who are constantly look-
ing out and shaking in their shoes because
there is danger of their being hurt? I once
heard of a woman who was in such constant
fear of getting the cholera, that she could
hardly partake ol the ordinary fruits and veg-
etables, and with all her pains and precautions
she was the first and almost the only one to
take it, when it did come in her vicinity. Ev-
ery little while we hear of people getting killed
by horses running away, etc., but shall we
therefore decline riding at all ?

Is it not best to consider our lives of no
more importance thau that of our neighbors
and when it seems necessary that we should
run some risk, to take our chances manfully V
There are persons who seem bold and daring

80

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mah.

by nature, and who hardly seem to know what
fear is, but there is a far larger class that have
a natural shrinking from dans^er, that it seems
almost harsh to call cowardice. I am not
writing to praise those who have natural gifts,
nor to encourage those who are eo reckless of
danger as to have it amount to foolhardiness.
1 write rather to those timid ones — if I were
speaking of myself alone I would say those
who have found by experience that they are
both selflgh and cowardly, and who tind it a
tremendous task to break away from such
feelings. To such I would say take courage,
for when we once get out of these besetting
sins, we feel a joy, that those who are natur-
ally brave, know nothing of Perhaps such is
always the case when we are led to see our
own peculiar failings, and strive manfully to
overcome them.

When I first commenced keeping bees I so
feared the wicked stings that every hive I
opened would set me in a perfect sweat and tre-
mor, and when I got it all shut up safely, I
would draw a breath of relief that might do
credit to a man who had just been drawn out
of a well. Now the fear of the stings, was
much greater than the pain, find had I school-
ed myself in the first place to taking the con-
sequences and bearing them like a mau, or
rather like a sensible being, I should have got
along much faster, and suffered less. When
duty demands that we should go among those
having the small-pox or cholera, or that we
should boldly approach a fractious horse when
the inmates of some carriage are helpless or in
danger, if we can by earnest prayer still the
"v^eakaess that would induce us to consider
our own psrsonal safety before that of anyone
else, I tell you a glorious recompense awaits
us if we come ofl'the conqueror.

Now in regard to walking ; did you never
feel a dislike to goihg out into the keen wintry
air during some cold morning, and feel that
you had much rather stay iu-doors ? Well, at
such a time suijpose you provide good well
fitting l)oots, gopd mittens — they are much
warmsr than gloves — get warmly clad, and
start out with a determination to laugh at
storms or frost. For a little while, you may
wish yourself back in a warm room, but after
you have walked a half mile or so, the warm
blood begins to tingle to the very ends of your
lingers and toes, and as you unbutton your
coat collar, and may be put your mitten-^ in
your pocket, you begin to feel like looking
about and . enjoying nature, in her robe of
white. There is a kind of fascination, in feel-
ing that you can defy the cold, and as you
swing your arms, and draw in the full breaths
of the delicious froity air, and under its in-
vigoratin;^ influence spring forward almost as
if you had wings, you feel that a mile is a
mere triflj, and wonder how you could have
ever considered it a hardship to be obliged to
"go OD foot."

I believe I am now about ready to get at our
beauuful text at the head of this chapter. It
is not that I wish you all to take a humble
seat in this world, but that you are perfectly
satisfied and contented to do so. A man said
a short timr; ago, "1 have done more towards
building up the town of Medina, than any oth-
er man, and yet what thanks do I get?" Do

you suppose such a state of mind is an envia-
ble one ? You have heard people tell how
they had worked themselves to death for the
community in which they lived, and yet the
more they did gratuitously, the more people
expected of them, and that was all the thanks
they got. Now while I am about it, perhaps
instead of abusing others I had better own
right up that I have been very fond of telling
how much I have done for the world, and how
little pay I have had, and how some one else
has always taken all the credit of it. I do not
believe I have done very much of it lately,
however, for I havn't had time, and besides I
thank the Lord that I have begun to see that,
the world is about right, that some one else,
does deserve the credit of very much I had
been so fond of calling my own. It comes
about very much like going on foot to Sunday
school ; when we once get started, we find
ourselves too busy in the Lord's service to
stop to inquire whether we are doing some-
thing beneath our dignity or not, and by and
by we are astonished to tind ourselves so hap
py that even should some one say unjust and
unpleasant things about us, we have lost all
disposition to feel hurt or troubled about it at
all, but can smile back as pleasantly and kind-
ly as if it were nothing to feel worried about.
Two years ago the Women's Temperance
League placed a tank of ice water on our
streets and paid for having it kept supplied
with ice all summer long. In the fall, with
some difficulty a collection was taken up to
defray the expenses. Afcer it was carried on
in this way for two years, thQy became dis-
couraged and turned the water tank over to
me to take care of. I decided to try an exper-
iment on humanity, and resolved to ask no
one for a cent ; if my fellow citizens chose to
partake of th? water all summer long without
caring who provided it, or how the expenses
were paid, all right, and instead of blaming
them, I would decide the fault to lie in the
system and not the people. The ice cost just
f23.00, and that entire amount to within a few
cents, was handed me with pleasant words,
and kind wishes, that were worth more than
could be estimated in dollars and cents. One
remarked that there was a temperance lecture
that was really "business ;" another, as he
handed in a dollar, "a dollar for water, bat
not one cent for beer ;" another, as he handed
in the same amount, ''I have boys on the
street, and when they are thii'sty, I wish them
to drink water," and so on. It was suggested
that a little bank should be kept over the tank,
that pennies might be dropped into it, but I
could not feel this to be just the right way, so
long as we wished every one to feel that the
water was free to all, without money and
withouG price. One Sabbath, I told the child-
reti that GJod provided the money to j>ay for
this icL>, as we were studying about Elijah and
the widow's handful of meal and cruse of oil.
"Can any one tell how God sent that money,"
said I. "He put it into the minds of good uicn
to como and hand it to you," was the immedi-
ate reply. Now dear friends, I would not for
anything appear to boast of the way in which I
have succeeded in this matter, for I may make
a sal blunder this season with the same tern
perance question, but I do feel that Go! will

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

81

move the hearts of the people to respond to all
all gocKl impulses if we can but get ourselves
free from all these iucliuatioDS to be sehish,
;iiul to think everybody else is selllsh and
s;raspin{r, while we alone are liberal. We
have just built au ice house this week, for that
very water tank, and one of the Sunday school
boys woi-ked on it nearly three days free of
eharge, just bccau-^e he fell in with the idea of
supplying thirsty people with pure water,
simply out oC kindne?s and nothing else. For
H while it seemed a hard matter to find cups
that would stand the wear and tear, of pooi-,
thirsty, tired and hurried humanity, and I was
often tempted to get cross and scold the school
^•hildren when they wasted the water and in-
jured the cups, but I prayed for strength to
put it away, and to look pleasant while I gen-
tly reproved them, or reasoned with the fash-
ionable lady who scolded because the cups
were chained up, or the stout thoughtless
farmer who complained because they were so
small. Were there not a great many who
grumbled about the way it was managed and
yet never paid a cent ? Yes there were some
such, but there always will be, and is it not
the duty of us who see their errors to pity
rather than censure ? My friends, all these
things are easily got over if we can only take
that low seat the Saviour has tried to tell us
about, even though we so seldom listen. A
])air of glass tumblers or goblets would have
been much nicer, but the little ones — bless
their hearts — would want them too, and they
were sure to Ije broken sooner or later, so
there was no other way but to use the stout

in diflercnt stages of growth, etc., and who,
when he got only second premium, felt it a
pretty haixl task to extend his hand in a
friendly manner to the farmer who took the
lirst on a couple of lbs. of very nice white hon-
ey in a rough, uuplaued wooden box. The
temptation was very strong to think the
judges had some "spite" against me, and would
not have given me the premium anyhow. One
of them was one of the best m.en in our church,
but as I took a good look at him after that
premium business, I almost began to listen to
suggestions from that green eyed monster to
the etlect that this heittofore good friend of
mine had always been a secret enemy, despite

bis "For shame! For shame!" 'broke in

that better voice. "Are you too going to place
yourself on a level with the man who swore
at you and called you a liar, when you as one
of the judges on horse trotting honestly de-
cided that his horse had failed ?" Do you
wonder that I shuddered as I mentally prayed
the Lord to forgive my wicked thoughts and
to guard me from such miserably wicked feel-
ings in the future ?

"But I won't never take any more honey to
their old fairs," would keep welling up, as I
with much labor and fatigue got my treasures
home after dark as best I could all alone, be-
cause everybody had gone some where else to
seek their own pleasure. Do you not see that
I was unhappy only because I coveted a high-
er seat than 1 deserved, and that I could not
contentedly take a lower one when the best
friends I had in the world had pointed it out
to me ? Why could I not put self aside and

tin cups, with the chains. Pretty soon some pleasantly submit to things as they were, even
who did not care to use the cups that were i if they were a little "queer ?" It is quite pos-
■landled by every urchin, procured and kept sible that awards are many times far from be-

iust within the door, a near glass goblet, and
those who were sufliciently acquainted, of
course used it. Now if I am not careful I
shall get into an argument; on the whole I
think I will leave j'ou all to decide what you

iug just, but it by no means follows they are
so iutejitionally.

After a little looking into the matter I as-
certained that it was a very diflicult matter
indeed to find those who would serve as

would do. Strangers of course, could not well I judges, and that if the ones who grumble
do otherwise than to use the cups, and while j would be on hand, they would gladly be wel-
'->ur brothers and sisters in the streets were comed to take the positions, and then they
using the cups daily, should we fall into line, I who saw so clearly the faults of others, would
and do just as they did, even at the risk of be- | have the opportunity of meting out eaxict just-
lug "poisoned" by drinking after some that i«^. I was astonished to find in our church
were more thirsty than cleanly in their habits j much the same state of aflairs ; there were

and appearance, or get a goblet? Habits, | some who complained in strong, harsh terms

education, natural sensitiveness, and a thou- j of the way in which certain duties were per-
sand other things stand in the way of our tak- I formed, but when the ofikers were to be elect-
ing our seats among the lowly and humble, ed, those who complained would under no
but oh, I tell you it is a safe place to take, un- I circumstances accept the office themselves,
til the voice of the people, ready desire that; If we lake that low seat, that quiet content-
we shall step up higher. It may not always ' ed peaceful frame of mind, do you know dear
i>e our place to take these low seats, but if we friends, that we shall have lost nearly all the
are in such a frame of mind that we are will- I disposition to complain and find fault? Not
iiig to take them if need be, how much worry that it is our duty to submit quietly to every
and discontent we shall avoid. ; thing, by any means, but that we should make

When any one gets the first premium at a ' our complaints directly to the person at fault,
county or state fair, he is usually quite satis- and in a kind brotherly way. We should also
tied, but how about the multitude of brothers be ready to receive complaints of «!»• ways of
and sisters that do not get the first premium ? [ doing things, in the same spirit, for we all do
licader, did you ever know of any one who was : wrong and selfish things eirri/ one of us.

My wife wanted the stairs "fixed." A young
carpenter was called in and showed what was
needed. He came and did the work when only
the children were at home, and made a very
bad and awkward job of it. I advised that we
should put up with it, rather than hurt his

dissatisfied with the way premiums were
nwarded ? But there would be no unkind
iVelings, or at least very few, if we were as
nnxious in regard to our neighbors' welfare as
our own. I know of somebody who carried a
whole pile of comb honey, section boxes, fdn.

82

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Mar.

feelings and have a fuss about it, but she felt
that she could uot have our house marred in
that way, aud I finally consented to sending
for an experienced hand, who was also an
earnest Christian. He agreed that it was aw-
fa!, but said he would fix it all, without any
unpleasantness. lie went first for the young
man, Ijrought him with his tools, and told him
in plain terms, just what he had done. "Now,"
said he, "friend T., you must not get angry,
for I am a good friend of yours ; you will take
this all out, aud put it in good, and I will stay
:ind lielp, aud show you how." We had a nice
job, the young man made no charge for the
lirst work, and we all laughed about it pleas-
antly afterward. Is not that better than to
have one mechanic jealous about having an-
<Jther take a job away from him, and is not
such Christianity worth while ? Do you sup-
pose the better workman lost, by helping the
«Jne that was less skilful y

QUOTATIONS OF HONEY.

BY C. F. MUTH, CIN., O.

White Clover llouey in full packages, (a bbl

or ',' l)bl) perlb. 12J2@15c.

White Clover Honey in tin cans of 10 or 25 lbs.

net per lb. 15@20c.

White Clover Honey in 1 lb. glass jars, 1 doz.

jars iu a case per case, §3.00

12 cases of same $32.09

White Clover Honey in 2 lb. glass jars, 1 doz

jars in a case ". per case, .«fi 00

12 eases of same ^iQ.OO

Linn or Basswood Iloneyln original pkiis^per Ih.UOi-Uc

I'oplar Honey in original j)kgs, per lb. 12(g:14c

IJuckwheat Honey in original pkgs per lb. 12(«;Uc

Tliese lutter three varieties in tin buckets, of

10 or 25 lbs. net per lb. 15(y IG

Tin Buckets 25 cents apiece extra. Barrels SI. 00 e.xtra.

<Jomb Honey in boxes and frames VlJiCoiio,

Oalitornia Comb in Harbison's frames.., 12*.,((ii(5c

Micliigan Bee-Keeper's Association.

The next meeting of the Society will convene in 8up}'emc
Court Room, Lansing, on Wednesday, Mar. 11-, 1877.

PROGRAMME.

7:00 P. M.

Prayer by Rev. George Duttield.

— iVlU.siC

SomoThouuihls from a Dealer, James R.Esselstyn, Lansing.

*Tlie Honey Market, C. F. Muth, Cincinnati, O.

Inauguial Address by tlie President.

Honey as Food .Julius Tomlinson, Allegan.

Swarming, Discussion opened by

Hon. Wm. Jenny, jr., Mt. Clemens.

MUSIC

TnUESDAT— 0:30 A. M.

I'rayer by Rev. T. P. Prudden.

BIU8IC

The House Apiary— What is It? Why have It?

Sec. H. A. Burch.

Experience in Wintering H. T. Ross, Milford.

Wintering on Summer Stands J. H. Townly, Parma.

Desirable Combs — How Secured, Jas. Heddon, Dowagiac.

"■'Ho w to Secure Bo.x Honey J . Butler; Jackson.

1:30 P. ,M.

^3IUSIC

'Honey versus Commercial Syrups,

Prof. R. P. Ked'/ie, Lansing,
iitidies as Bee-Keepers, ''Cyula Linswick'' of Bee Journals.
A Woman's Experience as an Apiarist,

Mrs. L. B. Baker, Lansing.

Bee-Keoping as an Avocation, -.Otis Puller, Mason.

The Apiarist Prank Benton, Detroit.

'Wliy i !im an Apiarist Will Porter, Northville

7:00 V. M.

MUSIC

Shall Fanners keen Bees,

Hon. A. B. Cheney, Sparta Center.
*IIow may v/e Improve our Bees.

Cha5. D.adant, Hamilton, 111.
The Roripvocal Benefits of Bees :ind Plajits,

Prof W. .1. l>e:il, lj:in.':ing.

*Temperature in Relation to Successful Wintering,

G. E. Corbin, M. D., St. Johns.
Reports— Miscellaneous Business.

-—-MUSIC-—-

This meeting promises to be the best the State has ever
held. Important cjueslions are to be discussed. There will
be an exhibition of honey and implementsof the apiary. All
—especially ladies— are cordially invited to attend. Enter-
tainment will bo provided as far as possible. Hotels give re-
duced rates. Brother bee-keepers, come and talk bees, look
about the capital, and peep in upon j our legislators.

A. J. COOK, Lansing, President.

II. A. BURCH, Noztth Haven, ^Secretary.
*Expected. but not promis-ed.

ITALIAN BEES.

Imy)orte<:l and home bred (pieens ; full colonies and
nucleus colonics: bee keeper's supplies of all kinds.
Queens bred early in tLe season. Send for catalogue.
Dtf DR. J. P. H. BROWN,

Augusta, Ga.

I have just purchased latest improved machinery and
cati promptly famish

Vme Beeswax romb Foimdatioii.

at the following low prices. Made from Yellow W^ax,
70 cents per pound ; White Wax, $1.00 per pound.
Packed in light, wooden boxes— paper between the
slieels. At above rates, the siieets will be cut to any
desired size. Ten per cent, discount will be given on
50 pounds or more.

Wax delivered here, will be worked up for 40 cents
a pound or for half the wax and 6 cent.j a pound on
your share.

Highest cash price paid for pure wa?:. All Freight
or Express cliarges to be paid by the purchaser. If
ordered by mail, add 25 cents per pound to above
prices. Samples by mail 10 cents. Enlarged Bee Cir-
cular ready April first. J. H. Nellis.

Canajoharie, N. Y. 3-5

IDESCRIPTI01>T AND I^RICES

Of Hives and best Sectional Honey Boxes. For Carpet
Stretcher and Tack Holder Combined. Sample 1-y mailoOc.
Agents Wanted. 3-4 BARKPR A: DICER, Marshall, Mich.

Bee-keepers and all others who desire to purchase seeds
for the farm, apiary, nursery, flower or vegetable garden ;
agricultuiTil or apiarian implements, supplies, &c., should
send for our new descriptive catalogue. Price list free.
Address, carefully,
C. F. liANE'S N-W. Apiary aud Seed Warehouse.
3 Koshkonong, Wis.

S FOR I87?r

Queens bi'cd from Imported or lioine bred stock.
Sale arrival guaranteed. Will send you every time
just what you order.

Unwarranted queen Si 00

" ■■ per doz 11.50

Warranted " 150

" " per half doz 8 00

" " per doz... 14 00

Tested " before July Jst 3.50

" after '• '• 2.50

" " " " "4 for 9 (W

" " " " "per doz.. 20 00
2 frame nucleus (frame 11x12) and tested queen

after July 1st .5 00

5 same 20 < 0

Same and ujiwarrauted (juccn 4 00

5 " " 17 00

2tf J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee, Ills.

I3S/I^>I?,0"VEID

Box material for as desirable a box
as can be made. General bee-keeping-
supplies.

Send for illustrated descriptive cir-
cular. L. C. ROOT.
2tfil Mohawk, Herkimer Co., N. Y.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

;w

Aclvertiseinents will lio ivceivcd at, thy rate of ten
cents per line, Non|>;irtil Bpace, each insf^rtion, casl;
in advance; and wo icnjuire that every Advertiser sat-
isfles us of responsibility and intention to do all that
he agrees, and that his goods arc really worth the
price askod for them*

WC.Oiri.E'rTE. I-eroy, N. Y,. Breeder
. of Puro White l/^sliorii I'dwls. E<a;s *i.50 per
dozen. SATISIWC I'lOX Gl'.VR.VNTHED. Will ex-
ohange for a few Stoeks of Beos or Nuclei. 3-5

"Names of responsibTtTpIirties will be inSerteil in
either of the foUowingdepartments, at a uniform price
of 10c. each insertion, or 81. W per year.

ft. 00 Q lio 011^ s,

Xamex hiscrfed in ihis deixirlDii iit //it first time ivifh-
ouf charge. Ajtcr. 10c. rnrli i ii.scr/iini. or i<\ M^yertiear.
Tnose whose names appear lielow, agree to iiii nisli
Italian Qvieens the coming season for Sl.OOcacli. under
the following conditions: No guarantee is to be as-
sumed of purity, safe dcliveiy, or anything of the
liind, only that the queen be reared lron\ a choice, pure
mother, and had commenced to lay when they were
shipped. They also agree to return tlie money :it any
time when customers become impatient of sucli delay
as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best queens, put

up neatest and most securely, will ])robably receive

the most orders. Special rates for warranted and

tested queens, furnislied on application to any of the

parties. Names with *, use and imi)orted queen moih-

If wanted by mail, send Idc. extra.

*C. C. Vau'jhin, Colnmhiii, Teun. 3-8

*Wiu. W. Gary. Colerain, Franklin Co.. Mnss. 3-2

*G. W. Dean". River Stvx. Medina Co., O.

*J. Oatman & (;o.. Dundee. 111. l-12d

*E. \V. Hale, Wirt, C. II., West Va. (J-d

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md. l-G

*Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, Ga. 9tf

*Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis. 1-1-2

*Wm. J. .•Vndrev/'^. C'dumbia, Tenn. 2-3|

*Hardin Haines. Vermont, Fulton Co., Ills. 2t4

Probably the lirst of June will be as soon as they

can be furnisherl ; iliose wlio want them sooTrei'; will

liave to take higher priced ones.

m^v^e IVXaiiiifacturers.
A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

M. S. West. Pontine. Mich. G-h

Geo. W. Simmons, Newark, Del. 1 12

Isaac L. Pnrkt^r. IMcJIintn ille. Warren Co., Tenn 3-2

■ MPI.EIWENTS FOR BEE CVLTIIRE AL-
PHABErSCAEEV AUHAn(;iEI>.

Fov description-! of the various articles, tec our luntU
edition circular found in Feb. No., Vol. IV., or mail-
ed on application.

This price list to be taken in pl.ace of those of former
date.

Mailible articles are designated in the left hand col-
lunn of IliTures ; the ligures giving the amount of postage
required-

Canada tiostage on merchandise is limited to 8?^
oz., and nothing can be sent for less than lie.
Be?s, full colon.v ampl,v provide<l for winter, in
our new two stor.y, chaff hive (described Nov. and
Dec.No's .. '70), tested queen from imported mother,
safe arrival guaranteed. . (Lawn hive $1 more.) . ,§15 00

The same in a 1 story Simplicitv hive 13 dO

The same in old style L. hive with portico, etc 12 Ou

The same with hybrid queen 10,(10

The same not provisioned for winter 7,00

We think we can ))iepnre bees for shipoing safely any
month ill the year; when wc fail in so doing, we will give
due notice.

0 I Binder, Emerson's, for CJleaxings 50, 60, 75

\ Balances, spring, for suspended hive (GO lbs) 8,00

10 I Blocks, iron, for metal cornered frame making 15

I Barrels for honey, 52.f.O ; waxed and painted 14,00

Bu7.z-saw, fool-power, complete; circul.ir with cuts free
on application. Two sawsund two gauges included. $.35 (0
0 1 Buzz-saws, extra, (> in. I..0O; 7 in.. 1.75; 8 inch.. 2 00
(iO 1 Buzz saw mandrel and Iwxes complete lor C inch

I saws 5 00

1 The same for 7 and 8 inch saws (not mailable).. 8 00

I Comb Foundation .Machines comijlete fcO to 100 00

fiO I Chaff cushions for wiuteriiiir :iO

25 I Chaff" cushion division boards 20

Half piicr! without the cIialT. and postage 5 and '.-c.
20 I C.'uiily for bees, can be fed at any .',eason, iier II). 17

20 I Ctrners, metal. j,er hiuidred 75

2.5 1 " " top only 100

15 I " " bottom, per hunilred 50

On 1,0(10 or more a discount of 10 per cent, will be made,
and ou 10.000 25 per cent. The latter will be given to
those who advertise uietal cornered frames.

Corners. Machiiier.v complete f(r making 2'.0 00

10 I Clas))s lor transferrniL', paektige of 100 25

0 I (Janls, queen retristering, per doz 10

2 1 Cages " all of metal 10

2 I Cheese clot h, for strainers, jier yard 10

12 I Duck, for feeding,and coverinar the frniiies— bees

I do not bite it— per yd. (29 inches widf>l 20

I Extractors, according to size of fnime 87 50 to 10 (jtt

I " inside and gearing 5 Od

I " wax 3 50

\_1 I Feeders. 1 (j't, tin, can be used without open-
a I ing the hivo, in warm weather— neat and

r! I simple iii

If) I The same, (I qis, to bo used in up|)er story... 50

4 I Frames with Metal Corners ." 05

5 ." Sample Rabbet and Clasps !()

10 I " Closed end (Juinbv, nailed 0-">

0 1 Gi.EANiNGS, Vol's I and 11, each 75c., Vol IV 1 Oo

5 0 I Gearing for Extractor 160

20 I Gates, Honey, for Extractors 5o

SIMPLICITY BEE-niTE.

Ore body and 1 cover in the flat, as sample to work

from 80

C)ne story hive for extractor (body SOe- 2 covers
fiOc— nailing and painting 20c— quilt 25c— 10 frames

COc— crating lOc) 2 25

One story hive lor comb hone.v is precisel.v the
same as the.above, substituting 2 frames of sections

for 4 metal cornered fr.ames 2 25

The above 1(5 sections will be fitted with fdn., and
starters ready for the bees, for 15c, and the tin sepa-
rators a<lded'for lOc, making whole complete 2 50

The above two hives contain everything used in a 2
story hive. Vfc simply use another body filled with frames
or sections, for a 2 story hive.

For a 2 story hive for the extractor, add (to 1 story
2 25) body 50c— nailing and painting 10c— 10 frames
(if c— crating 5c, making complete 2 st^ry containing

20 frames 3 50

For a 2 story hive for comb honey add ito 1 stor.v
2 25) body .OOc— nailing and painting 10c — (! frames
of sections 78c— 1 metal cornered frame (jc- ciating
fie, making complete 2 story containin'-- 7 frames and

04 sections 3 75

If tilled with fdn. starters GOc— if also filled with tin
separators 40c, making $4 75, if two latter items are
wanted.

To prepare the above hives 'or winter, put in place of
the 2 outside frames chaff cushions, price 20c each, and
a thick one on top oOc.

I Chaff hive fou out door wistkring. 10

frames below, and 14 trames or 80 section

I boxes above, well painted and finished com-

I plete (Lawn hive tl more.) S5 00

These hives, if supplie(i with stores, will, we hope,
need no attention whatever, from the time honey
ceases until it comes again the next season.

0 I Kn ives. Hon ey ( ,'2 doz. for §.i 25) 1 00

Ltibels for honey, in blue and gold, dark bronze and
gold, or in white printed in two colors, furnished
with jour own address, and source from which the
honey was gathered, already gummed, post paid by
mail,' (no order rec'd fcr less than 250). At thesC;
low rates, the full niunber mentioned )H((sf be or-
dered without the change of one single letter of the

type 1000, S3,25 ; 500, 52,10 ; 250, Sl,80

0 [ Lilhograpli of the Hexagonal Apiary 2,')

I Lamp, Nursery 5 00

n I Lai vac, lor queen rearing, from June to Sept. 2.=>
15 I Microscope. (Compound, in Mahogany bDx... 3 00
0 I Piepared oljects for above, such as bees' win.g.

sting, eye foot, etc.. each 25

0 1 Medley of Bee-Keepers' Photo's, (150 Photo's) 1 00

0 1 Magnilving Glass, Pocket 00

0 1 " " Double lens 100

7 I Muslin, Indian head, for quilts and cushions

I ner vard • 10

I Paraline. " for waxing barrels, per pound 20

0 I Photo, of House Apiary 25

2 1 Rabbets. Metal per foot 02

SKCTION BOXFS I.V TIIE FLAT, PEE 1,000.

Any dimensions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 00

Till- above is 50 cubic inches; for larger sizes ;uld lOtr
per 1.000 fo'- each additional cubic inch or fractioti of an
inch, out side mea-ure. Extra prices for less than .500.

2xl,'4x4>4, .ju.st right to lit in L. fr.-.aies...„

These aie put up \n ii.Mckfiges (of 6t each) contain-
ing just enounh lorn 2 story hive... (>0

Sample by uinil with fdn . •"'

If the gidoviu'-' for l.(.hlinr the fdn. is omitted, 25c less
perl.OOo! S -ct ions weigh from 7 to 10 lbs per lO'i.
10 I L. l\-.\\w made 2 iiuihos b.-u.id to hold 8 sections 3
25 The sune with 8 sccti'jus -. 13

84

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

'J5 I The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees 20

Adding tin separators to either of the above will hi-
crease the price 5c, and the postage Cc.
4 I Section boxes, fancy, hearts, stars, crosses, etc. each 5
3 I Sheets of duck to keep the bees from soiling

I or eating the cushions

ft Scissors, lor clipping queen's wings

18 I Seed, Alsike Clover, raised near us, per iii...
18 I '• Summer Rape. Sow in June and July.
01 " Chinese Mustard, per oz.

18 I Silver Hull Buckwheai;

10 I Smoker, Quinby's (to Canada iSc extra) 1 50

L)oolittle'_

•J I Tacks, Galvanized

•"{ I Thermometers

0 I Veils, Bee, with face of Brussels net, (silk).
0 I The same, all of tarletan (almost as good)..
5 i Wire Cloth, for Extractors, per foot

" •' Queen Cages

All ffoods delivered on board the cars at prices named.
:feg~We will nav Sl.OO cash, for Vol. III. A I. ROOT.

Price List of Bees, Queens, Etc., for 1877.

] Full colony .. .. with tested queen S1.3 00

1 three frame nucleus " " " 5.50

i, " , " " " dollar '• 4 00

I tested queen 2 50

1 untested " "..' ] qq

A discount of 10 per cent will be made on all orders
of more than Sio. 00 each. All my queens are raised
irom Imported Mothers, I only guaranteeing the safe
Jirrival (-/■ all tested queeris within lOCO miles. The
money must accompany each order, and all orders
will be filled strictly in rotation. My location enables
me to furnish queens much earlier than parties far-
ther north. Address,
'yod E. W. HALE. Wirt C. II., W. Va.

FOE, SPRIITG DELIVERY f~

250 Colonies Italian Bees.
1 to .3 Colonies, each
r, to 10
10 to 2.5
.•iO to 100

?9 00

8 50
8 00
7 75

Our bees are all healthy and free from foul brood, and
most of them have queens of last year's rearing. Safe ar-
rival i^uaraiiteed by express. We guarantee satisfaction
in all our transactions. Address

--5*1 J. OATMAK & CO., Dundee, Kane Co., Ill

^^verill Ohemical F»ainit.

THE O.Y/.r RELIABLE.
THE MOtiT BEAUTIFUL.
THE MOST ECONOMICAL.
THE MOST DURABLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier.
Requires no waste of time in mixing,
Has stood r/itht i/cars' criticisms
With neorlji i ucrcdscd popularity
And yearly increased sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in packages of from 1 to
40 gallons each, in Purest White and any Color or
Tint desired.
Ad<lress, for sample card of colors and prtce list,
r^.^^*'^*l*^ Cliemlcal I»a,int Co.,
Office and Factory 132 & 134 East River Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO. 6-6-'77

queen: From The SOUTH.

Italian queens furnished the
coming season at the lollowing
prices :

1 tested queen ^i CO

6 " •• 15 00

1 untested queen 1 00

(5 -■• " 5 00

Full colonies in Langstroth

hives . . 12 50

KF"Sate arrival of all queens
guaranteed."'^

Purchasers must assume all
risk in the transportation of
lull colonies.

As i)romi>t attention as possible will be given to all
orders, ana satis/action f/uara7iteed-
2tf RUFUS MORGAN. Raleigh, N. C.

THK BEE-KEEPERS' IWAGAZINE, an illus-
trated monthly journal of
.32 octavo pages, devoted
exclusively to bee-culture;
'•ditcd by Albert J. King.
containing contributions
from Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper,
and experienced bee-keep-
ers in America and Eu-
rope. A large space is de-
votetl to beginners, giving
useful information just
when it is most needed throughout the vear. Terms,
Sl-W per vear. The Bee-Keepers' Text-Book in Ger-
man or English, and the Bee-Keepers' Magazine one
year 51.70. A (14 page pamphlet (price 50c) containing
a beautiful life-like Cliroino of Honcj'-Plants
and Italian Be«s in their natural colors, with i)rize
of Mrs. Tupper, Queen rearing by M. Quinbv. instruc-
tion for beginners, etc., sent free with the jMagazine,
on trial, 4 months for 50 cents. Agents wanted— cash
commission and permanent employment. Address

A. J. KING & CO., iil Hudson St., N. Y.

Pnll 9iaAlia o^ Yellow Bees for Breeding or Honey,— as
aUli ttLOuAS sood, as cheap as uny. W. F. B. Spanish
""" Hens' Eggs for hatching. 23 .vears in perfect-
ing them. Now Si'fin'-'. Wnrraii'ed not Excelled.
3d J. M. .uAUVl.V, St.( :(iarles, Kane Co,, 111.

BEFOI^E ZPTJI^CH-A-SIlSra-

Supplies for y iii' Ai i r,v. si 11 1 a Postal Card for our
Price List of Hives. I'l an >, ^ c lonal and other Boxes
of any desired paueiii. Couii< fi uudations, M(!ta] Coi-
ners and Tested and Uiites-erl Queens from Imported
mother. J. C. & H. P. SAYLES,

3-8d Hartford; M is.

British.

THE

Bee Jonrnal,

Is a larsre, beautifully printed, and profusely illus-
trated MONTHLY; clear type and line heavv pa|)er.

ItiscohductPd by CHARLES NASH ABBOTT, Han-
well, W., London, England. Annual subscription,
half-a.guinea.

We will send it with Gleanings and pay all postage
for S2.50.

TEiRivisr s-mioxiTsr c!a.si3: i3sr~X5D-\r^^CE7

One copy one year Si 00, or with Lithograph of Apiary, size 12x15, mailed free, postpaid, §1 25. or Lithograph willbe
sent as a premium for two Subscribers at 61 00 rfach.
Any person obtaining three Subscribers at §1 00 each, may retain 50e. for his trouble.
'" live " ■' " " 1 2.5 " '•

" ten " " " " 4 00 " "

Any number above ten will be sent at the rate of OOc. each.
Oi\ GLKANINGS, Si 00; three copies, .$2 50; five, .-83 75; ten. $6 00.
Names may be sent at any time duiing the year, and whenever a club is reached, we
amount previously sent us in excess of the club rates. In this way any of the

will credit back the

Articles Mentioned on our PRICE LIST may "be Secured as PREMIUMS.

Plcjuse mention when names are intended for clubs. An acknowiedwment will be sent in all cases on receipt 0'
ley— tor any purpose whatever-hy return mail. Volumes 1 and 11 at 75e. each, Volume HI (second hand) a^
, «.. \.,i„,.,.. i\ .,t §1.00 may be eouiited 011 the same terms, as we have a

money— for aiiv 1
$1.2o, or Volume 1\

Large SupiDly of BACK I^UMBERS Provided for new beginners.

As we mil ii'it take th
Fuii(i;ir,(iital Principle-

spiwe ill lulure iimiihers to u'o over the siinic
and

d :i'^:iin, and Volmiie I contains the entire

Cjri'oxiiicl %^<>i*ls: lor {^Jlas ting- an A.i)iar;>-

§^Uf(ld U ^m^ and %enmi.

And Peace on Earfh and CJond Will iiuord Men.

iE^XJBLISHEID 3iwa:03SrTI3:X."'5r, .A-T lvIEIDII^Tuft. , OHIO,

T3rY A-. I. I^OOT.

^^1® W

^T^jW'M^ ISff®

Wm® ii

Tiljuii '^dfwk iwoll (km.

am^ »%% ^^^

The above machine is specially adapted for boys vrork. and if you are in need of any fancy section
boxe?, a boy of 12 or 15, will with it furnish you any number on short notice. Price .?15,('0.

tr^5^

^'SSSSBE^^BOl

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apr

Contents of this Number.

How to Work in the Shade, etc 89

Arrangement of Hives 89

Advcriisinii. J hies it Pay 00

A Vis// li, 'DddiinVs <)0

Traiisfi'ii iiKj in Winter ilO

Cuttimi lire 7'rees <)0

Hair Mdl/resses Versus Vtmff Cushions 01

lAnxj Hires and Hoiv to Use Them 01

Carri/ini/ Hees : (in. Implement for the Purpose oi

Hires, a 'full; About 02

Hives leitli Double J'Jnds 0'2

Siuidiiifi Jlires willi I'ole Jieaus Oi

Turnin]/ t/ie l<'r(nues Around for Wintering 0'2

Seelion '/io.res nutde of Malerial for Berry Boxes 92

N(dur<d ( 'oiiib I'uries in Thiclcness 0'2

Feeding lires Jlonei/ Comb 02

Vetdild/ing Hone// Boxes 0.'5

" Jiigh/s " and Wrongs .0:5

Bee-Sling ( 'are 94

Feeder Under tlie Top Bar 94

lieeeipls, are they to be Bought and Solel f 04

Starvalion 05

Chaff' or Straw Under the Bees 95

Hinging the Cove 95

Box Hives, are they ever Advisable f 95

Dgseidery, Cause and Prevention 06

Freezing Bees g(j

Deserting in the Spring 9f;

Use tlie L. Frame 96

Waxing Barrels 07

Dool it tie's System, Hoivfarwe can Afford to Follow'

Him 97

Drone Comb, Too Much of It 97

Quecntess Colonies in April 98

Carpeting a Substitute for Quills 08

Clipping (jiicciis' Wings 99

Brood Combs, Itow many are Needed 09

Broad I/irt s 00

IIou^ )ii(tnii Eggs can a Queen Lai/ 90

IIoiv muiiii Cells to the Inch ' 09

W/iy tlif (Jiocns refuse to Lay in some Combs I'oi)

Purehasiiif/ Bros IqC

Queens, Tc-ned, Warranted and DoUar l(o

Combs lireiiking Down in Winter lOl

BegiiDitrs, a Warning to lOl

Natural Versus Artijicial Swarming lOl

^/««#' 102

Honey Boxes of Paper I02

E.vtracted Versus Comb Honei/ 102

' Natural Versus Artificial Swarming 103

3Iovnig lieesfor better I'asliiraae IQIJ

Virgin (jiieens, Int roiUieiiu/ 'litem 10;5

Prppej/is, to Aroid, Tin Versus Wood 10:J

lutrmlueing Queens 103

Ripeniiiii Iloiiey IQI

Founila'liou Machines 101

Bees on Sliares ■. Id.t

Section Fniiiics, Width of 1(14

Separators 104

Confining Bees to their Hives 105

Blne!cs Vtrsus Italians, for White Comb Honey 105

" Corn-crib " House Apiary 1( 5

Size of tlie Brood Apartment, and Spreading the

Brood 106

Burying tlie Bees on their Summer Stands 106

Sliall we K.rtractfrom the Brood Comhs 106

3Ioving Bees Short Distances 100

Stands for Hives 100

Good and Bad Teaching lOo

What a Boy of 12 Did 110

Makch 31st.— We have now 1,690 subscribers.

Friend C. F. Lane, ot Koshkonong, Wis., sends out
a very jirctty catalogue of seeds in general, and gives
us, tor the llrat time, a complete list of all the princi-
pal honey-bearing plants.

Our friend, Hardin Ilaines, seems to have such an
invetetatc way of counting his chickens before they
are hatched, that we feel it a duty to caution our
readers against placing too much faith in his printed
statements.

Yes, wc are going to have the bee-disease this year,
too ; three have died in the house apiary and two out-
side, and they all died because they were at one side
of the hive, and the honey at the other. Just 0!ie
hundred colonies left.

?

'':-'J

IJee-kecpers and all others who d<jsire to purchase
seeds for the farm, apiary, nurserv, flower or vegetable
garden; agricultural or apiarian ini piemen ts,supplies,
&c„ should scuil lor our new descriptive catalogue
Price list free. Address, carefully,

C. F. LANE'S N-W Apiary and Sped Warehouse,
4 Koshkonong, Wis.

REM oVaxT

The Brooks r>ro"s. have removed their Apiary from
Columbus to Elizabethtown. Ind.. and would lie "pleased
to send you their new circular. Send for it before pur
chasing ,vour queens or bees.

Address, J. M. BROOKS & BRO.,

4-9d Elizabethtown, Ind.

ITUUNimTOS SALS,

(sreat Ileduclioii in Prices.

Mrs. Adam Grimm will sell, and ship between the 1st
and 20th of May, 1877, the remainder of her bees, amount-
ing to about 15U Good Colonies, at the following prices :

Pure Italiiins, from 1 to .'i, each Colonv $S 00

5 to 10, " '• ■ 7 50

" " " 10 to 20, •' "' 7 00

" " " 20 to 100. " '■ 6 50

Hybrids descending from Pure Italians,

1 to 20, each Colony 6 50

20tolt'0, '• " 6 00

Safe arrival guaranteed if ordered in lots ot less than 25.
Beiriuc appointed administratrix of the estate, I must
sell siiid bi'os this sprinsr, as the estate will he settled
within a yeiir. MRS. ADAM GRIMM.

3 — 5d Jell'erson, Wis.

Wui. W. Cary. Colerain, Frankhn Co.. Mass. Six-
teen years experience in Propniriitinir Queens direct
from imported ir.others, from the best district in Italy.
Persons purchasing Queens or Swarms from me will get
what they bargain for. Send for circular. 3 in q.

Italian Iin])ortefl Bees & Colonies.

PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.

Full Colony with Imported Queen Si I 00

" " home bred Tested Queen 10 00

Special rates for larae quantities. All the Colonies
sold are in new and well painted movable frame
hives ; all combs straight.

1 Imported Queen after June 1st 7 00

2 " Queens " " each (5 50

6 " " " " " « 00

12 " " " " '• 5 50

Single Queens to Old Customers 6 00

Safe Arrival Guaranteed on Queens and Colonies.
References furnished in nearly every State in the
ITnion and Canada, or among the most noted Apiarians
of Europe. Send for Circular to

CH. DADANT & CO.,
■Sd Hamilton, Hancock Co., 111.

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEY JARS !

One pound (square) jars, per gross 86 00

Two ' " ••• 8 <o

One " " " Hint glass per gross — 8,50

Two " " " " " " .... 10 .50

Corks for I and 2 pound jars 75

Tin toil caps, ))er gross 1 20

Labels " " 75

A thousand labels ad<lress printed to order 5 10

One qt. fruit jars. Mason's patent, per gross 17 00

Labels for same, " " fi5

A thousand labels address printed to order 4 00

Uncapping knives, as good as any, each 50

"" " )>er dozen 4 50

Alsike clover seed, per bushel 13 60

" " •• - peck 3.50

" " " " pound 40

Catnip seed, iicr pound G 50

" " ounce 50

rwanc»>trotIi Bee I3Kos,
Straw niat^, boi; vails etc., at reasonable rates.
For further iiarticnlars, ad Iress

CHAS. F. MUTII, Cincinnati, O.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

87

TABLE OF PRKMIl'JWS.

^The firsi column is for lho»o on Iff,
■who send 5 or wore names.

Xni)ws of Premium ArtU'les.

Any of (Jicm sent jyost-pixid oh rec'pt of price
'. — IMhograph ofApUtri/, Implements., eic.tVi

•Z — Photograph of 1 louse Apiary 2o

:i—^^That Present,'''' JN'fM'iWf and Jiluc Eyen liO
-\— Emerson's Binder for (iLBanings,

v;ill hold 4 Volumes 50

*>— " " Ixc-tter quality 60

7 — Pocket Mag )i ify iug Glass GO

^-i—Kh'st or scco>i<i Volume of Ghr.WiUGS.-l^
it—Best qualitj/ Emersoii'a Bi7igierfor

Gi.K A M N'GS 7.")

iii— Double Lens Maguiliei\on :i brass feet 1,00
M— Photo Medlexi, Bcc-Keepen <ifAmeriealfiO
M— First and st'coud To/. (j/'OLEANINfi8..1,60|
VA—Centcnniid Cabhut Clock; a pretty and
aecurateiime piece, that will run even

when carried about, for only -$2 OOJ

14 — A real Compound Microscope, beauti-
fully fni shed, and packed with Itnide-
nientsinu 3Iahogany Box 315'

^«

Number
oj Sub-

scribers

tv({Utred
at or
at
T.'ic.U.OO

6

.•5

3

4

S

4

5»

4

1)

4

10

6

13 1 7

Latest! Cheapest! Best!

Se!Kl Stamp for CirciAlar and Samples of work.
Address, A. J. KING'v^ CO.,

3-od CI Hudson St., Is'. Y.

CASH FOR BEES^WAX'' ~

We are payintr 31 cents per pound i'ov j-cilow bees-
wax, in lots of i'roni fiO to 5,(iC0 or nioro ))ounilp, dellv-
ort'd at Syracuse, or 32 cents, if exchanged for white
wax. If you have any wax on hand, and can deliver
it at the above price, "please do so. and wc will send
voii our check on receipt of the same.

ECKEIIMAN & WILL.
7-7-'77 Wax-bleachers, Syracuse, N. T.

Doolittle's Advertisement.

Ilavins had many calls for wares used in our api-
aiy, we have concluded tn sell lor samples, as below;
•Jiat our bee-keoping friend.-?, if they desire, may have
.1 pattern to work by in making them.
i)i)olittle's improved Gallup hive witli .'10 boxes
and cases and wintering arrangement all

■ omplete ?f' 25

•Standard Gallup hive with 21 boxes and cases

all complete 3 25

The above are well painted, with tin roof,
sample set of cases with 21 boxes tliat will fit
any frame hive at top 14x20 (outside measure)

or "larger 3 00

Sample ca?e with 3 boxes 4K)

Sample ease with 2 boxes (by mall lOc extra).. . . ;i5
Sample box ready to nail (by mail S cts. extra). . O,*?

lloxes by the 100 ready to use- 2 .W

iSoxes by the 100 ready to nail I 76

Tin tacks lor faetenlng glass in honey boxes,
■lample by mail fi cts.; per 1000, 40 cts. ; i)er.')0(K),
:!"> cts. ; (by mail 8 cts. extra per 10(0).

iC.lock to nail boxes on (by mail ;^5c extra) 1 ."iO

iilock to tin hoxes on (bv mail 2r)c extra) 50

Address, G. M. DOOLITTLK,
14-4 Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

COMe FOUNDATION.

Haviii.e; j!urch;is;e<l a machine for my own use I will
ftu-nish the fdii. in slrij^ anv lerigth by 5 inches or less
wi<le at 75c. jier Ih. if I can get th(^

Hees--\vax: "VVanlert.
I will pay 30c. cash for clean yellow w:ii delivered here.
I refer to the Editor of this Journal.

GEO. M. DALE.
Border Plains, Webster Co., Iowa. ;5-5

One Hundred Colonies

I'lItE ITALIAN BEES TOll SALE CHEAP. Scnu for
Cir«ula»- and Pric^ List. C. C. VAUGIIAN,

;i-8 in q. Oolumbia, Teiin.

PURE BEES WAX.

Cut to any size desired.

PACKED IN NKAT WOODEN HOXES-PAPER BE-

TWEKN RVEllY TWO SHEETS. AT Sl.OO PKIl

POUND FOR THE WHITK, OR 75 CENTS

PER POUND FOR THE YELLOW.

Or, if yon pr/fi r, 12 d'- Wc. 2>cr sqitarefoot.

IF WANTED UY MAIL. ADD 2.") CENTS PKR POUND FOV.
I'ACKINO AND POSTAGE.

If taken in our roguhir packing boxes, sheets 12xlS
inches, 10 ))er cent. olV from above prices on 10 pounds or
over.

Wax will be worke<l up to order, and cut into sheets of
any size dt-.-^ired, for 10 cents ))er pound.

We will pay SO cetds per jjound ca.sh for bright yellow
wax, or sell it for IW).

One pound of wax makes from 4 to 8 square feet of sur-
face. The thinnest will he used by the bees, but is not
made into comb as quickly as the heavier, which has s
greater depth of cell.

Sheets just r\)i\\i for L. frames, both white and yellow,
kept cons't;intly in stock ready for shipment ; also square
sheets for section boxes. AV)out(!of the former or ;iO of
ilie !att<'r weigh 1 pound.

At above pi ices wo can pay no freight or express charges
either way.

The only wholesale rates we can give is 10 per cent, oft
from above rates on orders for 50 pounds or over, or 20
per cent, un 1(K) jxnuids or over.

ComlD Foundation Machines.

Machines for making sheets 1 foot wide - 5K0 00
Ex])ressly for L. frame, t' inches wide - 50 (^

For making 5 inches for section boxes - 30 00

Double Boil(!r for above machines, - fo.OO, .3.B* and 4.00
Dir)ping plates per pair. - - igl.OO, 1.50 and 2.00

The above prices are for cells 4>< or 5 to the inch.
If drone size is wanted, aiUl 5fK», .ff) and ?;5 resi)ectively
to above prices. The machines are all ready for use,
and lull instructions will be sent to each purchaser.
Address, A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

We have sold machines for making; fdn. toC. O. I'errnif,
New Orleans, La.; to D. A. .Tones, Benton, Ont., Canada;
to J. M. Madory, Los Angelos. Cal.; to liCwis Walker,
Ventura, Vvntura Co., Cal.; to G. M. Dale, Border Plains,
la.; to Rev. J. Van Eaton, York, Livingston Co., N. Y..
and to G. W. Gates, Bartlett, Tenn. The three former
were 12 inch, and the rest, 5 inch machines. We pre-
sume all will b<3 ready to furnish fdn. at our prices.

ITATlIAN QTJEENST

By mail, and safe arrival guaranteed. Unwarranted
Queen,.?]. Warranted, ?1. 50. Also dealer in and maker
of Hives. l''r;unes. Metal Coriiers, &c., ic. Send for prices.
Send in your orders with the cash, as 1 shall begm toshij)
Queens the 1st of May. Those preferring can oi-der
through Ed. Gleanings. Address,

3tfd T. Pi. 1\\RKER. Goldsboro, N. C.

Hurrah' for Canada.

Let's have Free Tra<le. A Universal and Adjustable
Honey Extractor for J5.00, all Metal, no (;og Gearing,
no Slipping of Belts, a Stationary Can, a Perfect Ma-
chine. Will take Frames from 10 to ISi inches in
Length, and 15 inches Deep. Warranted to give Satis-
facti'on or Money Rclundod. Metal Corner Frames
•S4.()0 per hundrcHl. Sectional Frames any Size within
reason, Ic. ea<'h. Hives, Smokers, vails, etc., etc-.
Circular ami J'jico List free.

Address M. RICHARDSON.

Port Colborne, Ont. Can. .VI

We will send Gleanings—

With The American Rc<! .Journal (*2.0()i 32..'^*

" The Bee Keeper's Magazine (1.50) 2.00

" The Bee World ( 1..50! 2.25

" Both, The lice .Journals ;f America, 4.on

" British Bee .Journal (32,uo; 2,50

" All Three 5..'J0

" American Agiiculturisl (ll.OO; ?2.25

" Prairie Farmer (12.15) 2.90

" Kuval New Yorker (S2..'jO) 3.25

" Scientilic American (6.3.20) 3.00

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener (Sl.CO) 1,7;"
{Above rules itichide aU Postage.}

88

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Afk.

CHEAP HIVES. .

, .cloth

Ma

$1 OO

00

85

SO

I 59

rial

frames, b

ia lots of 5 each - '

" 10 "

" 20 "
" " 30 or over - - '

^^Shlveand^ltrav^^f-ished-low,
for honey boxes^aem ^ ^ '}^aJ)anAee, Kane Co.. 111.
Write for circular. "

BOOKslbr BEE-KEEPERS and OTHERS.

Any of th.^3 b..ks will b3 forwarle.! by mail, post-
paid, on raoeipt of pnc3.
In buying book,, .s '^^ '';»Vw\,Tto "le^to

S:SS?«Si3tnSSW^' pS

be disappointed, iitid ^^f;f{i^f'„,?™o far as I can, that
vent it by mentioning all the f ult' so iaTJ;^ j ^I £o1.
the ,>urchaser may know what he is gettin • m m ^
lowing list, books that I approve I have^marked with ^ ^ ,

Canary Birds - paper 50.

Farmer's Bam Book

Pear Culture, Fields

American Bird Fancier............

American Weeds and Useful P lants "■ /^^^

Bement's Rabbit Pancier.... ......■•• ;,

Bommer's Method o Making Manures -

Burn's Architectural Drawing Book i

Rurr's Ve'^etables of America .•••;•••■•• i:""

Cooked and Cooking Food for Domestic Animals . . -

Copley's Plain and Ornimental Alphabets

Dana's Muck Manual :""1'^V'\" V l',^^l'

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. .

Gun, Rod, and Siddle ^ j^l^

Harris on the Pig • r'^'-'TX"' i •>%

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One i g^J

How to Us9 the Pistol ;•••••• i •>-,

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy \^ -^^

Johnson's How Crops Feed - ,„,

Johnson's How Crops Grow r' --.

KUpparts Wheat Plant , -.-^

Leavitt's Facts About Peat.

1 r,0

1 2.-.

2i>
!l 01 >
1 -2-,
5 Oi>
1 Of)

Friend }

times t ;

rrgTtyprand much «P^f ^^^ ^^f ^^ w "to 'do \hings, not
Thfse hand books taat ten us, ujvv v^ >^>- ;,,,-.iit.

only oducat us, but ^^J-'^^S't^tS ^^^^y
v.,oT,f th:i.t-, one over mikes, ana tae '''"^uhey ar;" ''■"'"'^-

much s

300kS t

?, bnt t
meht that one over mises, itu'j- ""^ "rVf'+ii'.^'i/ qr'^ faith-

educated my hands ui the use of tools, as we
mind m the science of profit a^id ^^^^^^ay^,^,
o.hildren have any tajte tor tuese u^t ^i" t";'- . f, ■ ■ ^^y.
is it not a duty of yours to encourage it by 3adi.ioa, pu

chases ? ^^^^^ EsPECIi-LLT FOE BEE-KEEPEE3.

Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee**t

Ouiabv's Mysteries of Bee-keepmg**t

geSper's Text Book;t...-mvisUn---;;;;;;;:
A Manual of Bee-keeping, Wohic HunterǤ..
Manual of the Apiary by P« f- ^- J' ^we hVve in Amer-
This, a''-tlio^.?^«'^^^"/„^^,^^°.?'f/s the best for begin-
ica that is entirely up to the times , me

How I Made S350 a Year with my Bees* r§ • • •

How to make Candy**

Art of Saw-filing*t • . • • • • •^;;; * / •/

Lumberman's Hand Book ■

Fuller's Grape Culturist ■

MISCELLANEOUS HAND BOOKS.

Ten Acre-5 Enough**

Five Acres too Much**-

1 o;>

:js

:is

5 o;>

50
I o(»

1 2.-.

;i 00

3 .'>o

2 00
1 2-->

2 00

1 50

75

40

1 25

30

50

75

15

1 50

Mrs. Cornelius's Young Housekeeper's

Plummer's C.irpenters and Builder's Guide

Skillful Housewife '

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas

Cranberry Culture. White

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard

Farming by Inches, Bxrnard

Gardening for Money "

My Ten Rod Farm "

Strawberry Garden "

Carpentry Made Easy, Bell

Fur, Fin, and Feather

Fish Culture, Garlick ■

Ho w Plant'i Grow, Gray

:M mual of Botany and Lessons, Gray

School and Field Book of Botany, Gray

New Go;)k B jok, Mrs. Hale

M V Pann of Edgewood

Americm Angler, Norris

Rhododendrons, R,and

Landscape Gardening, Downing

Guenon on Milch Cows

Sorgho, or the Northern Sugar Plant, Hedges.

My Vineyard at Lakeview

Shooting on the Wing

American Wheat Culturist. Todd

Cotton Planters' Manual. Turner

Practical Butter Hook, Willard

Youatt on the Hog

Y^ouatt on Sheep

Garden Vegetables, Burr

Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, Downing.

Complete Works on Chemiitry, Leibig - J^,,

Gardening for Ladis i, Loudon t^ •

Riley on the Mule •.••• • .:.fw

Flax Culture (seven prize essays by practical growers) ;■ '

Peach Culture, Fulton's , t^,

How To Paint, Gardner ^ .,,,

Gregory On Cibbages. - . .paper •'

Gregory On Squashes paper "

Gregory On Onions- . . .paper. ••,••.••• ;■, • • • ■ •

Injects Injurious To Vea;otation.... Plain, Si 00..

With coloied plates, S6 50 , .^)

Gardening For Pleasure, Henderson '.^^^

Hop Culture -,■•;;••, i 50

Jennv J une's Cook hook , gj,

Cotton Culture, Lyman.............. •• .,,.

]uial Of Flat Culture and Manufacture

1 51)

1

•ITt

7'>

1

.10

1

50

1

00

1

()1»

1 00

2

5!)

5

01 »

2

00

Tim iiunker Papers* ka Parsons On The Rose • .,.

KgFrrin, sLldard** ; -, f, ^omo,Cu\^e,ivv^^^-.--V^y--y — ^ 1 5^

Window Gardening

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor^

How to Use the Microscope

Plav and Profit in my G.arden*. ■
-Our Digestion," by Dio Lewis*''
Onion Culture*

Potatoe Pests, by Prot. Riley ** .^ ^^

Practical Floriculture*

Gardtning lor Prolit**. . • . • •
Strawborrv Culturist, tuller

1 00
50
1 50

Injurious Insects, Prof. A. J. Cook***.. • • ••

Scroll sawing. Sorrento and Inlaid work *t 1 ^0

Moody's Best Thoughts and Discourses 7o

BOOKS XHAT I HAVE NEVER EXAMINED, BUT THAT AUB
IN GOOD REPUTE.

l^roora Com and Brooms paper 50.. . .cloth 7.^

Oider JIakor's Manual, Buist „

American Po;i;ology, Warder ' ""

Monev In The Garden, Quinn.

Pear Culture For Profit, Q"i'i"-:v,--"--'„--b" wA^

Manual On The Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P. Roe

Farm Implements And Machinery, llwmas.^

Earth Closets, How To Make Them, Warring ^ ||'^J

Gardening For Tlie South ^ .,jj

Cranberry Culture 'a; " ' ",■ 1 2 oi)

Practical Poultry Keeper, Wright - .,,^

Peat Audits Uses .•••.■ ;,^ ;„

Hodsres And Evergreens, Warder ^ ;,,^

Book On Birds. Holdcn...^ -^ "J^

Sorghum And Its Products , ^^^^

Taxidermist'.s Manna! -j ^(,

Practical Trout Culture -^ '^j,

Farmhig For Boys . .,r,

Silk Grower's Guide.... ••■ -j^ ;,;,

Painter, Guilder and Varnisher i_ ■ ^^^

Mushroom Culture., ..•••.- r, ,

The F.armer's Receipt Book ;^j

The Model Potatoe... .j ;. ,

Apide Culturist, Todd

Willow Or Ozier Culture. ;;

Yonnian's Household Science ' ■■

OEVOTEO TO ISEEiS ATS)r> HOZVEY, AIVU IIO^IE IjVTI£:R,EST^-

A. I. ROOT, ^ Published Monthly.

Publisher and Proprietor, >

Medina, O. J Established, in ISYS.

(TERMS: $1.00 Per Annum in Ad-
< vance; 3 Copies for %2,bO^ 5/()r©3.75;
ClO or more, iSOc. each. Single Number lOt.

Vol. V.

APRIL 1, 1877.

No. 4

HOW TO AVORK IN THJE SHADE, Ac.

ALSO SOMETHING ABOUT AKRANGING HIVES.

were taken

makins: and

WrNFIELD, yiage 270, asks, "Do you know a
!»i! ^ modern bee-keeper who has lived to the age ol'
^' 75?" How is it with our old friend Mr. Jasper
Ilazen who is now 84 or thereabouts ? I would advise
Mr. Hubbard to ge: a stick of proper length and
Wiickness: ])oint one end and bore into the other a
hole large enougli to receive the shank of an umbrella.
Tn front of the hive make a hole with a crowbar and
put the stick into the hole and the umbrella into the
head of the stick, then go ahead on handling bees and
be happj-.

Your illustrated and instructive covers are perfectly
•harming, as a page of illustration seems worth a doz-
en of explanation. "Doolitlle's Apiary" and "Friend
Rice's Apiary'' are worthy of preservation. May we
hope to see "Friend Dadant's Apiary" sometime wlien
it may come right ? Bat, it seems as if you ask, "Why
don't you send a photo of your own, friend K. ?" Well,
I believe I could show you handsomer hives than I
ever have seen but there are only 2.'5 of them and these
much scattered, but we may get them arranged some-
time and show you how we look. Meantime would
iike to see the "bigger apiaries" if advisable.

Wm. H. KiEK, Waterbury, Conn., Nov. 24th, '76.
Thank you, friend K., for your very ingen-
ious idea. Of eourse it will be some trouble to
have a stake made and planted near each hive,
but it will doubtless be an excellent invest-
ment for those who cannot work in the broad
glare of the sun. As for us, we never feel bet-
ter than when right out in the sun at noonday,
and aside from getting burned, we should have
no objections to working bareheaded. Where
the grape vines are used, the umbrella can
readily be slipped into a socket of tin, nailed
to one of the trellises. If you use a chalT
hive, fasten the socket to the back side of the
hive. Planting your hives under trees, will
partially answer the same purpose, but we
think it pretty well decided that the shade of
large trees is not exactly what is wanted. We
want all the sunshine we can get on the hives
ill the spring and fall, and every morning and
evening during the summer mouths, and trees
do not give this. Grape vines properly trim-
med, seem to answer every purpose, and the
fruit amply repays for all trouble. L. C. Root
recommends movable roofs for the purpose;
these would be expensive, and would be liable
to be blown off unless fastened at an addition-
al expense, and v>'ould be unsightly unless still i

more expense
painting.

We must have our apiaries neat and tidy, or
how can we expect to enjoy ourselves among
the hives V I have a friend living near, who
has lately commenced keeping bees, and he
seems determined to arrange his hives much as
they would look if they had been pitched out
of a wagon in the dark. They are at unequal
distances, not square with the points of the
compass, not in lines any way, none of them
set level, some directl}'^ on the ground, some on
twisted and warped boards, some set upon
broken boxes, and unsightly ditches, brush
and crooked rui)bisli, tinish up the picture.
We would really have an engraving made of
the whole for a warning, were it not that such
apiaries are perhaps a familiar sight to you
all. While there, we fixed his two chaff hives,
in pretty fair shape, and with a bushel of saw-
dust to spread around them, they would make
a very prettj'^ picture alone.

Now, my friends, if you place your hives
more than (i feet apart from center to center,
you are wasting your ground, wasting your
time and strength in traveling from one to the
other and increasing the labor of taking care
of your surplus without beueflitng the bees
in the least. You also will gain much by ar-
ranging them in the hexagonal shape, for the
reasons above given, and if you use hives that
are to be shaded, you certainly can have noth-
ing prettier than the grape vines. House
apiaries are, of course, already shaded, both
for the bees and for their owner.

We shall be very glad indeed to have en-
graved cuts of any apiaries tha,t we think may
prove interesting and instructive to our read-
ers, but we do want to see a little more sys-
tem and order than are shown in most of them.
Go into our cities, and note the system and
order that prevail in their offices and work-
shops, especially those recently put up, and
see if we are up to the times in our apiaries.
It is almost as easy to put things in good
shape, as it is to have them iu such woeful
disorder, and the time saved in working with
our implements afterward, will pay handsome-
ly, for the extra expense. An apiary of 15 or
20 hives, tastefully and conveniently arranged,
will make a very pretty picture. If some of
our California friends will send us photo-
graphs we will pay all reasonable expenses for
taking them.

90

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apk.

AI>VEU'1"ISI]»'G, IBOES IX FAVl

'RtjiRlEND >;0VJ(;E :— You said seme time ago yon
Jp"' wanted us to tell whether or not our ads. paid.
"' Well, I advertised my bees three ^times in
Gleanings and also in A. B. J., and received three
postals of enquiry. 1 sent lovy answo's telling aU
about them. Two 1 never heard any more Irora, and
one, a Pa. man, sent card that he would be here soon
as the holidays were over. Christmas has passed here 30
days- do you know how long the holidays last in Fa.? —
«nd no man come yet, nor have I sold a single colony.
Xo>v, did niy ad. i^a>j. do you think ? Well, one con-
solation is, I have the bees all in good condition, and
ibey have had a four days' fly, and weather still love-
ly. Bees got plenty honey in their hives, and I have
nt least two full combs of honey for each hive, put
.-iway for a late, \vet spring, and I have hired my help
for the farm for one year, so if my health is good I
'■an give my bees full attention. Who is more inde-
jiendent than I ? If I can't sell bees I can raise bees
;md sell all the honey they gather. Well, as 1 have to
Ueep the bees 1 will have to have G., so send it along
—enclosed $1.(0. H. NEsr.ix.

Cynlhiana, Ky., Jan. 30th, 1S77.
It would seem from the above, that it does
not pay to advertise bees in the fall, and as we
have said before in view of tiie disastrous
losses in wintering, we can hardly be surpris-
ed. We are very glad indeed to have you
speak out, friend 'N., and we are glad to hear
yon can sell all the honey you can raise. We
think an advertisement of bees in the spring,
will usually pay if the prices are low, for we
heard last season from many of our readers
who purchased bees of Mrs. Grimm, and we
believe all were satisfied. We are now receiv-
ing considerable money every mouth from our
advertisers, and we wish yon to state plainly
whether the investment is a good one. We are
vt,ry careful to admit no advertiseraeiit that
docs not give an honest statement in regard to
the goods, and none from parties who are not
in good standing, and of good habits.

A ViSI'Ef TO BAUANT'S, &c.

"f;j HAVE been over to Mr. Ch. Dadant'a. He [has
'•J! over 3! 0 colonics. 1 don't see how bee rnen can find
^^ fault with his bees. They are of a leather color,
though you can see 3 bands around them. High-col-
ored bees are much the nicest, though the dark ones,
as I have tried both, gather the most hosiey. Bee
men say hybrids make the most honey. This is a mis-
take, with me, any way. My bc*t Italian stands made
mc 172 lbs., my best hybrids only 81 lbs. I treated
them both alike, had the same amount of bees, etc.

About Mr. Dadant and son, they are the most so-
ciable bt*c men 1 ever came across. I am going to
imrchase of him 25 of his best stocks Vfith i imported
lUieens. 1 have 3 now. 1 have sent to Italy and Cj-
p-ess islands for 30 queens, awd will sell most of them;
have bought 2 Cyprian queens. Am going in the bee
business ext^nfiYcly this year— will run 100 colonies;
doyou think I can manage that many? 75 are pure,
and 25 hybrids. ThehybrMs 1 will give Italian queens,
early, so as not to interfere with my ((ueon raising.
There being no black lees in 3 miles of us, I can raise
ItO without any trouble. My l(jO queens will be 9-10
iiurc. My bees will all be at home April 1st. I have
lost 1 nucleus colony this winter, llivee all packed
with cliaJV. T!iinl£ that is lh«' way to winter. My
tf-hool wiilbe out thi£ week, and thcu I will bcgii:

work getting out hives, boxes, frames, &c. I won't
wait; till June this time bclore I make hives. The
Western Illinois Bec-Kccper's Society will meet at
Monmoulli, on April iOth. Don't pou think these
societies do a great deal of good ?

Did } ou ever! 1 looked in one of my hives to-day,
ar d there is brood in all stages; young bees just com-
ing out. II the weather keeps warm as it is now, and
if we have an early spring, we can soon ship bees and
rali»e early queens. If persons want early queens,
unwarranted, I can lurnish them by the dozen for
So. 00, and guarantee safe arrival.

Hardin Haines.
Vermont, Fulton Co., Ills, Feb. 19th, 1S77.
P. S.— Find enclosed 25c. for which please publish
this letter.

We hope you will forgive us friend H., for
apparent unkindness fn printing your P. 8.,
but if you reflect a moment, you will see that
it is no more than you would wish us to do
unto others. If an article in the reading col-
ums was paid for, even to the extent of the
small amount just mentioned, we feel that it
is due our readers to know it, and we hereby
remind our readers that if they send us money
for the insertion of article^, we can only can-
sent to do it with a clear understanding by
all, that pay has been received for inserting
.the article.

We fear, friend H., that you will not, with
your youth and limited experience, be capable
of managing so many. And we fear, too, that
you are making extravagant calcnlations on
many things. If we are correct, there has
never as yet been a Cyprian queen received
alive in America, and wonkl advise you to
wait until they are safely at hand, before you
advertise them. Will it not be better to give
us a fair aud iione&i statement of what you
have now, rather than of what you are going
to have?

TRANSFKKi^RI^M SJV IVINTEB, AN©
€U'i'.i-2f4(U JKl^E TKEJLS.

M BOUT the middle of January last I helped a neigh-
^^\\ bor tran.vfer a small colony of bees that was given
to him, not supposing they would survive the win-
ter. We transferred from box hive to or.o of my improved
frame hives, and a few days ago we opened them and
found them alive and jolly as crickets. They had built a
piece of comb almost 2 inches wide. The hive after trans-
ferring was placed in a closet within ^> feet of a sto;e
where fire was kept e\ery day and Sunday too, with not
more than a pnit of bees. Ho shut them up tight by
stuffing a jjiecc of thin soft cari)ct in the entrance below
and several ihicknesses on top of frames, so you see the
upper and lower ventilation theory has gone glimmerinsj,
in this instance at least. This not only smashes ventila-
tion but proves that bees can be tranfserrcd at any lime
of the year if carefully done. We vvaited a week or more
for a warm day so wc could work out of doors but uoi get-
ting one to suit v/e carried them into a warm room and
safely changed them without losing a dozen beea, while
the thermometer without was looking around zero.

W. A. Douglass found bees in a beach tree ; they went
into a hollow only a few feet from the ground. After
promising t he owner of the tree tlie lirst swarm, he cut tlw
top of the tree off above the hollow, then backed a wagon
vi'ith str.iw in the bed, cut tiic stub, eased it down into it,
hauled it home, split the log and transferred them. Ho
came very ue;-.r not getting th;; queen, but linaliy found

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

91

her sniisrly hid in a crevice, and Uiey arc now doing well.

.Joiijf R. Lee, Oxford, O., Feb. 17th, 1S77.

While narrtitini; the wa\' in which very diiri-
cult feats, such as transferring in winter, have
been performed, we sliould bear in mind, that
perhaps jjreat numbers have tried to do sim-
ilar things, and have said nothing about it,
simply because their experiment was a failure.
On the other hand, it gives one so much confi-
dence when he succeeds, that it is well worth
the trouble where one has time. The plan of
getting the bees from a tree, is all right, where
the conditions will admit of it.

HAIR MATTRESSKIS, VKKSUS CMAFF

txsinoNs, arc.

M^UCH has been said about wintering bee?, but I have
not heard one word about hair for pacldng the
' hives; I have tried it for hives out doors, for the
last 3 winters, and nothinu: can equal it. It is f;ir ahead
•f chaff in every respect, it never gets damp or mouldy,
HO matter how v.'et the hive, and always koei)s the bees
warm and healthy. A man, such a natural genius as I
take you to be, I should think would have used it before
this. In fact it is said you have chalT on the brain, but if
jou use hair I aip sure ycu will then have hair on the
brain, where it belongs : (I hope you are not bald head-
ad.) I use common hog"s hair that I get from the brush
factory for nothing ; hog's hair must be plenty in Ohio,
the great hog state. It might be well to wash it and let
the hog smell get out before using, and it will last almost
forever except the little waste. I am trying hair, chalT
and dry leaves this winter on 17 hives out doors. On Feb-
ruary 1st it was a very warm day, I found every hair
packed hive as dry as a chip, the chaff packed a little
damp, and the hives packed with leaves quite damp, no
more leaves for me. I opened all fly holes, cleaned out
hives and took off covers, and they had a glorious good
fly. All alive so far, but I shall look for spring dwindlins, j
for we had a very severe drouth last suramei lasting from
middle of June to September 17th ; so dry thai trees on
hills and mountains died out and looked as yellow as if I
frost-bitten, and of course the bees could gather nothing. 1
They stopped breeding very early and of course we now
have very old bees to winter. Novembtr 1st I packed
mine for winter, found they had no pollen or brood.
Many of them had consumed a great ])art of their stores,
but luckily I had quite a number of full frames of early
honey, which was given them, and I hope enough to last
until time t j feed in spring. I may have to feed in spring
but spring fussing I do not like, but always give them
plenty of rje flour. Maecus Da Bois.

Xewburgh, N. Y., Eeb. 10th, 1S77.
We have often thought of hair, fur, feathers,
etc., and did experiment last winter with a
colony done up in wool, but they got tangled
among it in such a way, that we desisted.
A friend uses cushions made of wool, and we
believe with good result?, although they are
rather more expensive than chaff or cotton.
We were not before aware, that anything in
the shape of hair could be obtained cheaply.
Will others look into the matter and report.
The covering for all these various cushions,
v/e think will have to be made of duck, for any
other fabric will be soon gnawed through.
Many of our friends have wasted money in
trying different kinds of woolen cloth about
their hives. Everything we have tried is soon-
er or later eaten full of holes and spoiled by
the bees, except the hard twisted cotton such

as we have mentioned. Even the Indian head,
is often soon spoiled, if put close to the clus-
ter. (We are bald headed, but please don't
mention it.)

I^ONG Hives AND HOW TO USE THEITI.

AT LEAST ONE, WHO STIIJi HOLDS TO THEM.

MjY frame is about i;5,« by 11 deep, and I take all
my surplus with the extractor and all light
honey. The hive 13 a chaff hive made 3 ft. lonj!:
and 25 inches wide, and it should be high enou}?h to
admit surplus boxes, made of planed lumber. The
bottom board is nailed under the whole; then -2 boards

0 ft. long and 1:5 inches wide are got out and rabbeted,
with lioop iron for the Irames to rest on, and nailed
inside, the right distance apart. Now the cardinal
principle with us is to wintev two swarms in one hive,
and the entrances c;iu be arranged to suit the bees or
ourselves, in the sides of the hives, but never in th«-
ends. Use a bridge under the chaff made like this.

I r and resting on the bottom board for the

bees to pass out under. The division board is )i inch
thick, with a slot in the middle o by G inches, covered
with w^ire cloth, and one at each end, cf the samfc
tliicknees, perforated with small holes, and chaff out-
side of these.

Bees ought to be put up for winter about the 1st of
Oct., and they will usually cluster on each side of tht
division board, as if they were one swarm. Then thfc
next spring, when they increase enough to crowd
their quarters, take out the chaff and boards at the
ends, and fill up with frames. Have half as many
new hives ready as you have swarms, and when nec-
essary, remove one swarm from each old hive to thfc
middle of a new one, and give the one that is left all
the room in the old hive. This is working them on
the "Long Idea"' plan, which is the best, 1 think, both
for ease of extracting and surplus, having tried both
ways. The chaff' can remain at the sides all summer.
The advantages of this plan are many. If one queen
fails they can be very easily united, and they will
winter together where they would not separately.
Thej- will increase faster in the spring, as each has
the heat cf the other. About the 1st of August I put
in the division board again, and furnish the queenless
part with a laying queen, and double my colonies, as

1 allow no natural swarming.

The season here has been a good one. I commenc-
ed with 9 swarms and increased by artificial swarm-
ing to 30, and took 1,1G2 lbs nice honey; and all but 2
are in double hives, with .5 to 8 combs each, according
to tlieir strength. I think there is not much object in
chaft" bottoms, if the snow is kept swept up around
the hives. Also, raise the cover a little, to give ven-
tilation over the chaff". Wm. H. S. Grout.

Poland Center, Chant. Co., X. Y., Dec. 8th, 1876.

-^^-HK-^i—

CARRYING BEES 51\TO THE CEt,L,AR.

^fjr-Y hr.nils are disabled by rheumatism so that 1
J[?/l|[ can not lift a hive of bees, alone, and even

' with the help of an assistant, carrying beee

Into and out of the cellar is the most painful and disa-
greeable work I have to do. Our mode has been to
run a stick under the bottom board and each lift the
hive with one hand, while we steady it with the oth-
er. Once, in cairying a hive thus. It tilted atd fell to
the ground, smashing the combs to badly wo had to
brimstone it. I jjrojiose to adopt another plan: Take
a t rod of ir'in S feet long, cut in two in the middle,
and make two doublc-polnte:! hooks. Loop the rod-;

92

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Ape.

In the middle, sharpen the points and crook them so
that they will Ciitch under a stick in the bottom board.
Hun a handspike through the loops, drop one of the
rods each side ot the hive, and adjnst the hooks into
the bottom board; then placing our arms under each
end of tlie handspike, we can carry the hive, suspend-
ed between us, down the steej) hatch- way stet)s, much
more easily and saiely than by the old way.
J. II. P., l>aukliu, N. Y.

We would suggest that to prevent ths irons
from'slidiug ai)oat on the handspike, the lat-
ter implement be replaced by a piece of wood
2}.2 or o feet long, having handles at each end,
like the handles to spades and shovels, and
that the eyes to the irons be linked into cor-
responding eyes in this piece of wood. We
shall thus have only one implement, instead
of the two irons, and It can be very quickly
hooked securely under any hive. The Sim-
plicities, and all hives with movable bottoms,
can readily be carried about with it. The
ehaft" hives do not need it, for one can lift them
handily by taking hold of the eaves. Besides
they never need carrying about, unless it is
daring swarming time to \)in an (anpty hive in
its place when the bees are returning.

A "TALK" AKOiJT HIVKS.

eXOE more I attack you for the purpse ol benefit-
) ing myself by your superabundant knowledge

"-' of bee-culture (no llattery intended). [Of course
not]. Before many weeks elapse I desire to make up
a number of model hives, can you, therefore, Rive me
your opinion on the following points :

Would a hive made with double ends and space
Idled with chaff, with entrance for bees through one
of these ends, be suflicienc to jirotect the swarm from
the intense summer sun ? [^^'e think it would.] If
not, how do you think pole beans or some kind of veg-
etable ot rank growth, would answer in lieu of the
srape vine ? [Have been used, and do tirst rate if you
do not neglect to train them.] Why could not the
necessary number of frames in a Standard hive be
turned half wav rounrl and made to rest on temporary
rods passed Ihrougli the hive and thus placed, be
l)acked for wintering on every side and on top with
chaff cushions ? [Has been done ; no objection only
the trouble.] If this plan woidd work tlien I should,
'd' course, give up the idea of a hive with double ends,
as bd'ore described ? Why would not the ina:erial
\ised in the construction of the berry baskets, cut the
right thickness, \nake excellent Iraracs and section
boxes? The wood is beach, I believe. I will send
you a sample by to-day's mail. [Are used, but are
more expensive than our sections, whej you get
starters in, etc.] I am a Dentist ami have an excel-
lent dental lathe. Could one of the circular saws you
advertise be used in connection with this lathe tor
iight sawing? [Very easily.] I see by mohl of the
cats of different a|)iaries wliich you have ])rinted, that
vjf; s/trtrfi? is afforded the hives. Is shade, therefore,
.•\b.=olutely essential y [Not absolutely. J'arties men-
tioned cover their hives with boards in very hot
weather.]

In conclusion, let me say, that your '•Home Talks"
in Gleanings draw me very near to you, and have,
(u more than one occasion, caused me to act and
choose "the betterpart, which cannot be taU(>n away."'
«!od Idess you in the good work. W. G. I'hklj'.s.

Milford, Del., Jan. 11, 1877.

Yoin- last remarks, friend P., have made us
f?el quite talkative, and in regard to the hive

with double ends, we should say, that its
greatest objection is that it cannot well be
used as an upper story. Avoid it as you may,
the hive now coming into demand, is one with
two stories, and both alike. This necessitates
a shallovv' frame, and we cannot turn a frame
around for winter as you suggest unless the
hive is wider than it is long. If you follow
out the idea, you will arrive at the Chafi' hive,
and this, in connection with the Simplicities,
for temporary purposes for shipping the honey
in, etc., will answer every possible need, and
we, at present, need both in every apiary. If
it should transpire that it will not pay to win-
ter bees in the latter, they will prove of excel-
lent service for summer use, and shipping both
btes and honey in.

FI>N. [VEA CHIN BOS, NAT!5.;llSAIi AMD ARTI-

Fflt'BAB> COi'^f JS. Ani2) FEEI>EW«i

KKKS CL4I!*I»JNGS.

BEE-KEEI'ER that I met since corning to La.,
/f-;\\ says ail the fdn. he used broke down after bc-
I ing lengthencri out and iilled with brood; still
it may have been made when you were using paralhne.
Have you had any trouble with fdn. l)reaking down
after being finished and filled with brood, when tiic
fdn. was made of beeswax ? I should think the manu-
facture of the small Idn. machines by Mr. W., would
stop the sale of f<3n. to a great extent, as most bee-
keeiiers that have much to buy, will be apt to get a
small machine and make it themselves. A good liouej'
season is reason enough for jour not being troubled
with brood or 'poUen in fdn. in section boxes.

You speak of Mr. Doolitile's jMishing a knife through
a piece ol natural comb, and say, "of course it found
but little obstruction," as if aU natural comb was ten-
der, which is not the case by any means. The honey
made from the Tietie, which blooms in Florida from
the middle of Feb. to the 1st of March, is first quality,
but the comb is very tough— the centre unusually so —
and very thick. East year, at Shreveport, the comb
made in the spring was very tough, but that made in
June and July was tender. Might not some yellow-
wax make tough fdn., and that made from honey of
difl'erent plants, be tender? You also mention in an-
other No., of its being something new, to know that
l)ees would use cappings or pieces ol comb, to build
new comb. Twelve years ago, in Ohio, I had a small
swarm come olf in July, that I ])ut in a box hive, with
a glass At the back, full size of the hive, to observe the
bees. To assist this small swarm so late in the season,
I placed pieces of comb honey on the bottom board,
and watched them thiough the glass. After taking
the honej', they took the comb to pieces and cavrieil it
to the top of the hive, where I saw ihcm itse U to help
build their new comb. It was a curiosity to me at the
time, but I tlid not suppose it was anything new to
older bee-keepers. G. 11. Caulin.

Bayou Goula, La., Dec, 10, 1876.

The only test of pure wa.x that we know of,
is to hang a sheet of fdn., made from the sus-
pected was, in the hive, and if it stretches, we
condemn it at once. We never had any brootl
coinbs Ijreak down, but have had })aranino
combs do so when filled and sealed over.

The sale of the small machines has certainly
spoiled wdiat would probably have been a fine
trade for us, but friend C. do you fear we shall
lose in the end by studying the wants of our
customers ? While their v/ax is right at haml,
it wou'd be too bad to ask them to eocd'it half

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

93

acro^^s the I'. S., and thou back asain by ex-
press. We are very sjhid indeed lo have you
corroborate what was just beijiuinng to dawn
on our understaudiiiij; that bees make natural
comb varyiuj^ greatly in thickness. We be-
lieve light thin cappings, might be used to
considerable advantage, when one has uo fdn.

VENTILATING HONEV BOXES.

^^*^ N p:iKe ;u Feb. Xo. j'ou say "We feel i)retty woU sat-
mM islicd that one greiit trouble in |J:ettiii;r comb honey,
^^ is haviufr too much draught througli the hive, or
haviiiB the suri)lus receptacles protected by nolhiii.:^ but
thin wood." If that is the case how will you reconcile
the theory v.ilh the practice of that; much spoken of bee
man, Adam Grirara '? When I w:\s at his apiary in Au^'ust
1873, I noticed the caps of his hives raised ori blocks one
inch, or more, high, leaving the boxes exposed to view,
and as his boxes did not (ill the hive on either side liy all
of V of an inch, the bees could come out all around the
tier of boxes, and of course that was anytliinfj but buins
protected from a draught throui^li tlie hi\e. When asked
the object of it, he said, "I get a great deal more box hon-
•y by it." How arc jou going to Root that aside V

On page :31), friendly Gormley says, "How any one can
«lislike your metal corners is a mystery to me. Let your
Sharpville correspondent state his objection." I am not
the Sharpville man, but I can talk ; mayn't I ? 1 would
not use the metal corners if Novice would give them to
ine. And why ? The main reason is they cut my fingers
so in handling. I always take a frame by the project-
ing end bars, and in lifting heavy combs or jerking off
bees for extracting or other purposes, the corners are very
jnuch in the way, and cut my lingers so it hurts. There
is no use in making a frame less than | inches thick and
with those you don't need t'ue corners, and save extra ex-
pense. It is said the corners make the frame much
stronger. My frame is made of stuU 'a'xS nailed together
in a mould-board, and I will back it to hang as true or
stand as much banging as any metal cornered frame. I
have tried the metal corners, so it is no guess work.

I must make a few corrections in friend McCraw's article
page 77. I began with 11 stocks and increased to 22 and
jfot .312 lbs. of extracted honey. ZdcGaw must be mistak-
en in saying I told him our locality is over stocked, for I
don't think so. There was about liO stocks went into
winter quarters within one mile of this place. McGaw
thinks my stocks were not strong enough at the right
time. If that is so, I don't know what strong stocks are,
for our hives were "chuck full" of bees, as friend Cramer
of Juniata, Xeb. can testify. We have hundreds of .acres
of white clover, and last season when it was in full bloom,
our bees were very strong and worked hard, but there
didn't seem to be any honey in the clover. I have known
of but one year in which white clover gave us ar.y sur-
plus, the balance of the time it was only good enough to
keep brood rearing going. There must be something in
the toil detrimental to it, for friend McGaw gets good
crops of it, but he is nearer sand and that may be of ben-
efit. Our main dependence is the fall bloom, which was
a total failure last year on account of cool rainy weather.
I have got as high as 116 lbs. of extracted honey from one
stock here, besides taking from them 18 frames brood and
bees, and my average that year was a little over 19 lb?.
per stock.

The Western Illinois Ree-kceper's Society, that friend
Haines is working up, is to meet at Monmouth, 111.
April 10th. Will M. Kellogg.

Oneida, 111., March 7tli, 1877.

We suppose of course that our frieud Grimm
knew better how to raise comb honey than we

do, but nevertheless would suggest that his
hives were placed directly in tlie sun, and
thereby became too warm for the bees during
the middle of the day. Protecting the hives
from the direct heat of the sun by chaft" walls,
will also protect them from the other extreme
during cool nights, will it not ■:* Our experi-
ment of blanketing the honey boxes was in the
house apiary, and these boxes were gummed
up so that not a bit of air could pass through
them, yet the bees never clustered outside, as
they do in hives that are in the sun.

Friend K., we have known mechanics who
gave as an excuse for working with dull tools,
that they would cut their lingers if made sharp.
If we are going to have frames proof against
propolis, tliey must rest on knife etlges ; if our
readers prefer to pry the frames loose rather
than to learn to grasp them a half inch from
the extreme end of the top-bar, of course they
will do so. It might be interesting to you,
friend K., to see the quantities of corners antl
frames we ship every season, to your brother
bee-keepers.

Take 100 nailed frames and weigh them ;
then compute the number of square inches of
comb space, and aftervs-ard tumble them on the
floor in a heap. Now do the same with our
frames. You will find several pounds more
weight to handle with the nailed frames, and
if the tumble has not injured them more than
the others, you will find they contain several
square feet of space less inside, while the out-
side dimensions are the same.

"RIGHTS" Aan» WKONGS.

WHO IS TO BLAME '?

*i>^OW, my friends, I do hope I may be
J^^jl alile to sec my own faults in this matter,
—' and that my work may not be oue-sided,
as I have reason now to think it has been
heretofore. I have beeu much more vehement
in denouncing Mitchell, than have any of the
other journals ; has my course been really a
better one than theirs V He has taken money
from great numbers of people, and has given
them in return, rights that are, without doubt,
of no use to them ; he has also taken large
sums for receipts that he claimed were of
great value ; he has also received money from
others for queens and bees that he never sent
them, but does it follow that our erring friend
was alone to blame in this matter'? All these
oftences are permitted by law, or at least it is
very difficult for the law to get hold of offend-
ers who have no property. The law permits
one to take sflOO for a right for a single coun-
ty, or as much more as he can get, and if it
should transpire that the purchaser pays for
the right to use something that is already free
to all, is he not very much at fault in making
foolish and injudicious purchases? If our
friend Mitchell has a receipt for making bee-
feed, and if one of our readers agrees to pay
$10 for it, the transaction maj^ be a fair one in
the eyes of the law so far as we know. When
the man finds his monej- is thrown away, as it
invariably is when paid for receipts, so far as
my knowledge extends, who is to blame? It
seems rather hard to tell people who read lit-
tle, and v^'ho are inclined to think everyone

94

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

ArK.

honest that comes aloug, tliat they are indi-
rectly to blame as well as the man v/ho told
the falsehood, yet I feel that such is the case,
and could 1 take both parties by the hand, I
do not know bnt that it would be my duty to
speak as kindly to one as to the other. There
is not a community in which there are not peo-
ple who ivill get trusted for goods without any
idea of ever paying lor them. Are they alone
at fault, or is it also the fault of the one who
incautiously trusts them '? Both parties need
educating, or rather, perhaps, Cliristianizing.
Is it not the business of the journals to help
to do this, and to do it in the kindest manner
possible, consistent with showing up at once,
all that is wrong and deceptive?

My patent h on the insertion of the trough in the upper
liart of ihe frame ; it may be eillier raovable or liied and
rKteiid through ;i part or the entire length of the frame.
1 claim for it several advantages. It is always in place,
always in order, never !eak.s feed, drowns bees or attracts
robbers. It takes no space except tliat actually occujiied
iiy the trough, the remainder of the frame being tilled
with comb and serving its otiice in the liive just as any
"ther frame. I believe you will consider it the best de-
vice for feeding that has ever come before the public. I
would like to sell you the state of Ohio, I «ill sell it low.

W. E. Hamilton, Plum Hollow, la., .Jan. 11th, 1877.

The abovG was sent us in answer to an ap-
plication for a patent feeder advertised in one
<rf our journals. The feeder consisted of a lit-
tle wooden trough to be fastened just under
the top bar to any frame. The sample was
very rough, bad workmanship and cost GOc,
nlthough very neat ones can easily be made
jor 5c. at a profit. The objection to such a
feeder, is that wc must either uncover the bees
to use it, or cut a hole through our quiUs or
honey boards, something we believe lias been
voted a bad lunsance. Again we fear our
t'riend who has invested money in patenting
the device, was poorly posted iu bet -culture,
for the same device was used a long time
ago, and has been illustr-itcd in our Journals.
As he is a minister of the gospel, we 'eel sure
he will not wish to take money for rights,- af-
trr having the matter pointed out to liim.
We have here again another illustration of the
!'act that granting a patent, by no means
proves the invention to be new. Very likely
it is beyond the power of the Patent Ofiiee to
determine, and still worse, they seem of late
incapable of determining what has already
been patented.

Last summer I gave German Bee-stiug Cure'.a pretty
diorough trial on myself and others, but so far as any ef-
fect was perceptible it is of no value whatever. The sel-
ler refuses to refund the money and the proprietor will
not even answer. The Cure is warranted. You may pub-
lish the above cvor my signature. S. W. IlALi.

La Moille, Iowa, Jan. -'nh, 1877.
Let us try to think, friend II., that those who
no\d tlie '-Cure," honestly believed it to pos-
sess virtue ; as it is now offered fior sale no
more, we presume they are aware of their
'■rror. Many do not feel it a duty lo refund
money when goods jjvove unsatisfaclcry. Let
i;s be charitable, and more careful in future.

A friend has a very pretty honey box tliat is
alented, and he charges ifo.OO "for a right.

Tills patent comes nearer being worth the
money, than any other we know of, but if it
be (X(Ui-able in this case, why not in all
the others? The worst we can say of this
friend is, that he seems to be in bad company.
There is one more ti-ouble: our friend sells in-
dividual rights, town and county rights, and
also allows manufacturers to sell boxes, and
pay him a royalty on all that are sold. This
last man sells as many as he can, and soon en-
croaches on somebody's territory, and wc soon
have a t;nigkd-np mess of it, in trying to de-
cide wdiose "rights" are trampled on. The L.
hives were, a few years ago, purchased and
brought into our country in considerable num-
bers, with the L. lirass trade-mark on them.
The man who had paid quite a large sum of
money for the county "right," threatened, and
was finally told, that he must collect damages
fi'om the maker of the hives, because he did
not enquire where the purchaser lived, before
selling iiim the goods. We believe all parties
soon dtcided they were quarreling about some-
thing that lacked substance and so dropped it
peaceably.

Another of our readers has patented a honey
box within the past two mouths. From the
sample at hand we should decide it to be anin-
fringment, it is not new, and is so complicated
and expensive that he will soon abandon it
himself, unless he gets, stubborn and head-
strong because somebody finds fault with it.

VINEGATl.— IIov,r made in jO hours from Cider,
Wine or Sorghum wilhout using drugs. Name paper
and addre^^s F. L. Saoe, Springlield, Mass.

The above has appeared in many papers for
years past, and we believe, in the ScientijU
American constantly. As many inquiries
were made in regard to honey vinegar, we
thought best to iuvestiijate. The result is
that our friend wants if^S.OO, for his great se-
cret, and the printed circulars he sends, would
lead one to think he might get rich out of it
in a few days. The story is very ingenious,
as they usually are, and one finds himself al-
most before he is aware of it, wishing he had
the money, to send and see what the g;eat se-
cret is, until we consider that .^5.00 M"ill buy
quite a library on almost any sul)ject. Far-
thermore, out of all the money we have paid,
and have ever seen paid for such receipts, not
one lias ever proved oi any value at all, and
the greater part of them, are already given in
the proper books, and are well known. We
have given friend Sage a free advertisement,
and so he should not complain, and if there
are those among our readers who do think it
right to buy and sell receipts, we presume it
is our duty to let them do so without arguing
the matter.

A few days ago we sent 75c. for a bee-feeder ;
it was made of tin., ahd held a pint. They can
be made by the quantity for ICc, and it does
seem as if they should be retailed at 25c. even
if it did cost ijj^fiO. or more to patent it. If oui"
friends are willing to pay the price, perhaps
there is uotliing wrong in the transaction af-
ter all. The only point with me to decide, is
v>?liether 1 feel right in receiving advertise-
ments, of such a nature. As I really do not, I
hope our friends will excuse me for returning
their money, when sent for such a purpose.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

95

SXAKVATION.

^ SEXD.1 pices of ("imly, :i simplo of wli;it I bourht
_»([ for feedini? one stock of bees. They hiid very little
' — 'honey of their own, being anew sw.irm and transfer-
red rather late in the summer from a box to a frame hive
—a Rood stron;; stock. Wintered in friend Greenm-in's
•ellar. 1 laid the sticks of candy on lop of frames, and
•verthcma piece of Brussels carpet which left liUle air
spaces at the sides. They seemed to thrive till a month
avTO when I placed another large piece of Kidderminster
•arpet over the other to make it warmer and cover the
•pen spaces. Riitrarice hole not fully open having a
piece of wood before it but not close up. I found the
bees all dead the other day. Some candy left on top but
not much, one stick down among the combs not touched,
not one bee above, some lying near the candy, but the
most of them on the bottom, entrance choked up and
numbers jrone behind the division board. Mice had eat-
en off the heads and bodies of some. Query. Were they
smothered to death? Were they poisoned with the 11a-
voring of the candy? Or were they starved to death?
Hive looked clean, and smelt as stocks usually do— bot-
tom looked wet. Geo. Gansbv.
St vyner. Out., Car)., Feb. >2!!th, 1877.
Yei'y many cases, we believe, are starvation
aud nothing else, where one who takes a hasty
©bsarvation, would say they had food when
they died. The candy sent us we think all
ri^ht, aud should have no fear of any of the
Savori 112; extracts used in the candies usually
sold. Bees in winter, especially those in a
good cellar, move about but little, and unless
there is honey on all sides, they are very apt to
miss it, and become so enfeebled by want of
food, as to drop to the bottom helpless, when
tood is to be found within a few inches. This
is more frequently the case where the hive is
large aud op?n, or where there is but a small
«luster of bees. If bees are to be wintered en-
tirely on candy, it should be given them before
very cool weather sets in, that they may liqui-
fy a considerable portion of it aud store it in
the cells ; otherwise they are liable to be de-
pendent entirely on the candy at a time when
the few that could cluster on it v/ould be un-
able to lick up enough to supply the rest. We
have lost colonies several times under just such
•ircumstances. Had they been between, or
rather surrounded on all sides with thick chafl"
cushions, and then candy enough given them
*o that the greater part of them coald have
elustered over it, there would probably have
been no trouble. Suppose you have all the
sombs in the hive full of sealed honey, except
a circle of empty cells in the middle large
anough for the bees to cluster in, do you not
see how differently they are situated from
those that have to crawl all over a large cold
hive to tind little patches of honey that may
have been left? Once more; we have no fear
at all, of there being too much honey in the
hive in the winter for the well-l)eing of its oc-
cupants. If the bees do not all perish of star-
vation in the way ws have mentioned, they
©ften die in large clusters, sometimes the
•lueen among them, and then we have remain-
ing a weak queenless colony. Who has not in
looking over his hives in the spring, found
heaps of dead bees at one side of the hive ?
We yesterday looked over the bees belonging
to a friend, and while heaps of dead bees were
found at the entrances of the unprotected

hives, tho.se in a couple tif chaff hives pur-
chased late in the fall, were found full as nic<-
as any in the cellar, and while the combs seem-
ed to contain nearly all the honey given them
in the fall, not a dead bee was to be seen,
cither outside or inside of the hive. He re-
marked that he had examined them all through
the severest weather, and as no frost was seen
near the cluster, he verily believed a potato
would have remained unfrozen during thi'
whole winter, if placed under the chaff cush
ion. The chafl" hives are certainly heavy, ui;
wicldy things— nearly 100 lbs. — but they an-
really a labor-saving (and bee saving) institu-
tion in other respects.

CHAFF 0¥£ STKAW HINOKR 'S'HK BKE5,

A:V1> H£-N<I>^KS FOIfc 'J'Ml^ COVKKS.

^pN looking over Gleaxixgs I see nothing in regard to
jjl. i)utting anything uiider the hive. You say nse chafl'
~ cushions at the sides and toj), but nothing under them.
Now why not take a straw mat or even loose straw anil
set the hive on that ? I think that would prevent water
and ice accumulating under the hive in winter, and one
could close the entrance to prevent the escajjc of bees on
cold days, and there would be no danger of smotherinc;
them.

While I think of it you don't say how you hinge tin;
lids or covers to your hives so as to bo mov.able at will.
I suppose you use small butts. This would be my way .so
as to be movable without taking the butts off every timt^
one wants to move a lid or cover ; take eyelet screws
and screw them into covei '2 inch from the lower edge,
then take wire of llu right size and bond right angle long
enough to reach thi'ough the hive and clinch, then bend
at right angles again so as to go through the eyelets in thi;
cover. In this w.aj' they will slip on and off without any
trouble. If these thoughts are worthy of note, use them,
if not, cast them one side. B. G. WiTicrifs.

Harmony, X. Y., Feb. 20th, 1877.

There really seems to be an advantage in
having chaff under the hive, as well as over it,
for the bottom boards of such seem much
dryer and nicer, and the hive seems much
nearer frost proof.

We have abandoned all kind of hinges in
our apiary, and simply have the covers loose.
It is true they would be more convenient if
hinged on, but the difliculty of having everj-
cover hinged so as to tit every hive is such
that vfe have decided it was too much raa-
chiner}-, and now have all loose.

BOX HIVES, AKE TiaiEY EVER A»VIS- •

^[fl^ONT you tfiink a bo.K hive just as good as one
l^|! ly) with frames for farmers' use, or for those who
— never open a hive after the bees are put into it ":'
I think packing hives in chaff for wintering the best
thing yet devised. C. Aulls.

Clinton, Mich. ,Feb. 27lh 1877.
Those who have bees in box hives frequently
lose them, as well as other folks, and after the
bees are dead, what is to be done with them'?
If the combs are built in frames, even rude,
cheap ones, they can be taken out entire, with
very much less trouble than where no frame'-
are used. When out, if any honey remains, it
can b3 used with very little trouble aud not
much of the usual muss and daubing. The
same will apply to bees tiiat have bsen taken
up with brimstone. No'>v we havemanv time.'!

96

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Ape.

before said that nice combs can be sold to al-
most any progressive bee-keeper — and we
think one may how be found in almost every
neighborhood — for at least 35c. each. A fair
colony would build 10 such easily in a sea-
son. Would not !|!2.50 pay for the extra ex-
pense of frames? It is true that the comb in
a box hive might be sold for something, but
for how much, think you, compared witli the
same combs built in L. frames V Suppose yon
have one box hive containing much more
than they need, and another that is starving;
your only plan is to go and buy sugar or can-
dy, while if the stores were in frames, you
could, iu a twinkling, equalize the two. In
our opinion, the very best way in the world to
feed bees, is to have some heavy combs laid
Mway for such emergencies, and then you can
take care that they do not starve, any day in
the year. Can this ever be done with box
hives? Our opinion of having bees in boxes
without frames, under any circumstances, is
that it is about equivalent to pouring the grain
that you feed your horses and cattle, into the
mud, because you, by so doing, save the ex-
pense of feed troughs.

J}YSEN'5"E!£Y.

CAUSE ANU PKEVKNTIOJf.

l^Tlr^' bees have wintered well. Cut if they had re-
;|^'/|j{[ mained until April, perhaps I would have seen

' none living. They had a fly Feb. 12th, and all
the hives had nearly a beginning ol' dysentery. The
honey is ol' the worst kind, all fall honey and moat of
it unsealed. It is like cells of water mingleil with
\yhite grains; the bees eat tlie watery honey and
!e:i\'e the white particles. So'^»e of the hives were
badly smeared with a tarry black stinking mass. All
have brood in froniiS to 4 combs. I am going to set
ilieni all in buckwheat chafl'. 1 have yet 300 lbs. of
i;ill honey; I want to sell it for 12c.

J. Dm TELEK, Wc(!\iiock, Wis., Feb. 14th, 11:77.

Although it may be difficult to tell what to
ilo with bees when in the predicament above
mentioned, without warm weather to allow
ihem to fly, or preserved combs of nice, sealed
-:iioney with which to replace the bad stores,
we may suggest a very easy means of prevent-
ing such a result in the future. Had the hives
been close and warm, like the chali' hives,
when this fall honey was gathered, we really
believe they would have sealed up the boney,
in.'^tead of leaving it in this uutiaislied state.
Our experiments v/ith honey boxes, covered
and uncovered, have pretty strongly confirmed
our opinion in this matter. Again, had they
been allowed to keep their combs of sealed
Iioney that they gathered and sealed up in the
fore part of the season, we think there would
have been no trouble. If it be urged that
1 hey would swarm incessantly if this honey
wi'i-e not extracted, we would advise setting
sucJi heavy combs away until they are to be
})rei)ared if>r winter. Bix well tilled L. combs
will winter nv.y colony, we do verily believe,
and they can with only tiu-so (5 combs, be put
in close and warm (juavters, and with the chaff
<'ushions around and over Ihem, it would be
strange indeed to iiud any traces of dysentery;
v>'hilo thi- entr;inees of many of our common
hives are 'toiled, and lil'.hy i,o look at, those of

the chaff hives areas clean and white as they
were when first painted. This one fact alone,
is enough to pay for the chalV covering, to any
one who i^ annoyed by unsightly spots and
daubs ou the fronts of their neatly painted
hives in the spring time.

FKKEa:if7>fG BEES.

^j? IIA^■E seen some eutiuiry as to how much cold a
Jjl stock of bees could stand out of doors and live.
I experimented with one stand, it was a weak
stock, wirh about two-thirds ot a pint of young bees
and young fjueen, in old style tjuinby liive, with
honey board on, also G inch cap on, with inch hole
through honey board in front. I left the entrance
open so tiiat they could come out wlienever they
chose, and set the hive by the door of the house so
that I could look in often. We have had some cold
weather, the thermometer being 20^ below zero, and
the bees had not a fly for over a month. On the 28th
of Jan. it was warm cnougii for all my bees to have a
good ll3^ and I took a look at my experiment. Found
them alive and lively, got a sting from ' them ; they
had eaten a good-sized lump of A coffee sugar, and
changed from front to rear of hive, to escape draft of
cold air 1 suppose. The ne.\t day was also warnj, and
I again looked in but not a live bee was in the hive.
Where were they? My opinion is th.at they become
disgustcil with their treatment and lelt to better their
condition. Wc liave had line weather since the 27th
of last month, and there have been but two days that
the bees were not out. I have been feeding flour,
but I am a little afraid that it is crowding the seat on
somewhat, for our Marches aie some here, but not
f:um7)ier.

Well, friend Root, as you cannot get bee-l;cep.=rs to
agree upon a sta.idard frame and honey bov, that will
tit any hive, suppose you levcrsc tlie thing and make
a hive tiiat will tit any franu- or honey box, or any
number of them- India rubber hives would fit any
sized colony ; you would not liave to go to the trouble
of extra upper stories ; you could always tell the size

j of your colony l)y the way the hive was stretched,
and the entrance— well, ot course, as the colony in-
creased and g&t larger, the entrance would stretch to
suit, and as the colony dwindled ilie entrance woulcl
draw up to just suit. I think that it would knock
your hoop iiivc into cold, oblivioi\s shade.
Es). Wellington, liivcrton, la.. Feu. llith, 1S77.
We agree with you, that the bees probably
left their hive because they were disgusted
with such a cold place, and we have known
quite a number to desert under quite similar
circumstances. Is it not possible that much
of the swarming out in the spring is caused
by just such poorly made hives, or by having
too tsw bees to make the large open hives com-
fortable? Perhaps tlie rubber hive would
remedy all the troubles, l)ut a cliatl" hive and
chaflT cushion division boards, will answer the
same purpose so well, that we think we will
have to be satisfied, especially as everybody
now seems disposed to adopt the L. frame. We
would most emphatically urge beginners to
adopt what seenis to bid fair now, to be the
national frame. You are certainly with the
great majority on that, and it has been so
well tested, that it cannot be very far out of
the way. 'i^'woslory hives, since the advent
of fdn., are certainly the ones that will be used,
and deep frames are beginning already to be

discarded.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

07

WAXlI<«i KAStRKB.S FOIt IIONKT, ETC.

'^f'j MADK on<|Uliy of you pouic lime siiico, about plno
<|i kcgsi, whether you thought they nvou1<1 answer
'"^^ (your reply was in the ailirmative,) il' well coaled
•■villi paraflitie. Mr. Jones, IJeelon, says it will spoil
hor.ey lo be jnU in thtui. Woukl \ou kii-dly let me
l;now Jf you have seen, or kuowa oT any utc^l sue-
•: (.ssuilly ? 1 have had a number made and would
rather lote thein than spoil a erop of honey. I have
had eome diflieuliy in disposing of extiaeted honey,
hiiving to create a market lor It in plaecs around me.
1 have sold all the coir.b honey 1 could buy in iheae
parts,— not having any niysell— and have maikcl for
;» large lot jet. C'oukl you inform me of any person in
^•r.tario with a <iuantity lo pell? 1 coidd give 17c.
« ath for it, if in !uee boxop, email preftrrcd, within 2
<.r;;co miles cl Toronto, liaving several i^artits there
1 1) supply. Can you give me the botanical names of
^■oUlen rod and purple-top lireweed ?

BENJ. C. GitEEKMAN.

Stayner, Can., Dec, 20lh, ISTC.

It is quite a serious matter indeed to put
Iioney in anything; that will injure it, but we
are so well pleased with parafline, that we
should not hesitate to put the honey even in
nine, if we were careful to coat perfectly every
part inside. This operation is much more
^■asiiy done with paraffine than with wax, for
when meltfd it runs almost as freelj'^ as water,
und every portion of the barrel can be given
several coats before it cools, even If we use
but a small quantity. Again, wax sometimes
cleaves from the wood, which we believe para-
Hi ne never does. We spoiled quite a quantity
of honey, or at least made it second quality,
!iy coatinfi the barrels with wax -md rosin,
and although we have given the warning in
our own and other Journals, we sec Mr. Hhear-
er still advises the use of rosin in a recent
number of the Mdfjazine.

Some one can certainly supply you with
comb honey another season we think, if they
cannot this. Golden rod, is &olidi).(jo\ we do
)iot know of a purple lireweed ; we think true
lire weed has only a white blossom.

aOOB^aTTIvE'S SYSTEM, HffOW FA3£ "^VE
CAN AFFORI> 'i'W SOEf.«W Mini, E'lC.

^.^^'OU tell how Doolittle uses his sections as .side stor-
yff ing boxes, but I am still in the dark as to how they
^ "" go on top of brocd, whether they rest on the brood
fi;imes or aie hung in boxes by those it iiicb projections.
■'TJsose on toj), rest on % inch strips laid on the frames at
<'!!cii endj. And I am am also in a quandary as to how
^ou close up the last case of top eases, as each case has a
tin separator on one side only. [Close last with a little
i-.iiard]. Again, how do you get those 1:2^ inch cases in a
ii inch hiver [Brood upartmtnt is 12 inches, but the
»vst of the hive is wider.] Why does Mr. Duoliltle prefer
two tiers of casus with .V inch space between for .•^ide
J;(>ses instead of making one case to hold four boxes ':

W. P. HoGAP.TT, Quindaro, Kan., March 8th, 77.
We asked Mr. D. why he did rot use cases
lo iiold more than two sections, and he replied
nccau.se he could not shake the bees off from a
J'.cavy frame, and that he wished to have tho.sc
^it toj) and sides precisely alike. It will at
once be seen, that friend D's. arrangement is
both complicated and expensive compand with
■lie plan v,e have adopttd, of having the cas^e
'v\- .sections precisely of the dimensions of the

brood frame, that we may hang them both
above and below, on the same rabbetj; as do
the brood combs. With the latter plan, no
explanation is needed, for a simple look at the
frames and the liive, enables the veriest novice
to see what each part is for, while his arrange-
ment would necessitate a lengthy explanation.
We would by no means think of shaking or
brushing the bees olf ; such work is altogeth-
er too slow and laborious. Take olf your casts
of sections, or whole ui)per stories just at
dusk, and leave them close to the entrance of
the hive, over night, and every bee will be out
quietly before morning, unless there is brood
in the hive, and we have never as yet found
any. If frames of sections are left outside,
they may be injured by rain or storms coming
up untxpectedly. To avoid this?, we would
always put them in an empty hive, with a cov-
er on it, leaving openings below of course, for
the bees to get out. If it is at a season when
the bees are disposed to. rob, you will have to
get up in the morning as soon as they can fly,
or you may have "much troubles." This may
seem a task, but we think it far preferable to
fussing and waiting to get the bees out of the
sections in the usual way. As a hive, or rather
a story of sections will weigh on an average
50 lbs., it would be no great task to prepare a
ton ready for shipment, in this way — perhaps
it may prove even easier than to extract the
honey. If you can't get up at daylight when
occasion of this kind demands it, you are not
fit to become a bee-keeper.

iiaa' ♦♦♦ -^

CROWI» IN THE CORSr-FIEED.

^jRIEjS'D novice :-As well might the farmer ex-
pect to realize a full crop of corn, when he knows
that a largo ilock of crows infest his fleld, and are
pulhng up the corn as fast as it sprouts, as for the bee-
keeper to hope for a largo crop of surplus from stocks
of bees that are overrun with drones.

For years we have been trying lo get rid of drones, and
to prevent the building of drone comb, but in all our
operations, we did not strike the root cf the evil. Why
do stocks standing side by side in the same apiary, give
such different results ? We answei : becauseone of them
is eaten up with drones, and the drones consume the
honey as fast as the bees can gather it ; and the otherjhas
less drones and more workers.

Again : Why is it that a .«,tock will store a large surplus
the first year it is hived, and the next year do nothing?
We answer: because what drone combs were built were
mostly stored with honey as fast as built, and but few
drones were raised the first year; but the following season
after tbe combs have been emptied by the bees, and be-
fore honey comes in rapidly, the queen has full sway, and
will fill up a greater proportion of it with drone brood.
Hence, this great horde of consumers the second seasonf

Have you not} often noticed some stocks at the com-
mencement of the honey harvest that had got well into
th<! boxes, and most of them were from half to two-thirds
filled with comb and honey, but all of a sudden progress
in the boxes was stopped P Just take a close look into
the boxes and you will see that a large batch of drones
has hatched and entered the boxes and are eating up the
honey as fast as the bees can collect it, and such stock
will never be profitable. 1 ha^e never known a family to
iJTCsjier and aceurnulaie, svhcso members were lazyjcon-
sutr.ei"s, neither wiil a fi'.mily cf bees.

l\\ looking over .some of our old memoranda we find the
following : In the spiing of 18>7 we built a small pavilion.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURi:

Apk.

just large enough to accomodate two glass hires both
alike in shape and size June 25th and 2Gth W3 hived
two large swarms in them and now mark the diiYerenco ;
'So. 1 Hlled its hive and gave 30 lbs. of surplus and sent
out a swarm the Cth of August. No. 2Jgave J2 lbs., but
no swarm. In 18-58 No. 1 gave 100 lbs. of surplus but cast
no swarm. No. 2 cast a swarm but had to feed to winter.
In the spring: of 185!) No. 2 was found to be queenless and
in removing the combs we found 2it' out of 8 to be
drones but No. 1 did not liave more than G inches drone
comb. Some may say this is not proof, well we can give
you plenty more. Por two years past ve have given this
matter our strict attention and the result has been very
satisfactory to us as it has put some extra dollars in our
pocket, In 1S75 we tried a number of experiments to see
iiist how far we could go. In 1870 we still made larger
experiments and we are now satisfied that we don't want
any drones in our lioney stock. In anotlier letter will
give our plan. J. Bctler.

Jackson, Mich., March 13th, 1877.
You are giviug us a heavy argument in fa-
vor of using fdn. for the brood apartment,
friend B. and we think none of our readers will
be much inclined to disagree with you, but do
you tliink you have any cheaper plan than the
foundation ?

GLEANISGS tS BEE CULTURE.

Publisbed Montlily,

-A._ I. HOOT.

EDITOR AND PROPRIIETOR.

MEDINA, OHIO.

Terms: SSl.OO Fer Annvim.

llncluding Postage.']
For Club Bates see Last Page.

Blessed are the pure in heart : for they shall see God.—
Mat. 5 : 8.

If tou find a colony queenless during this month give
them a comb containing brood, and then give them another
containing eggs only, about twice a week, until they have
secured a laying queen. This refers to those containing
plenty of bees ; otherwise, unite them.

Feienb Doolittle has sent us 47 subscribers, and friend
Nellis has sent us 31. Others have sent us large clubs,
but none equal to those mentioned. I know of no better
way of manifesting my thanks to you all, than by giving
you a better number now and tlieii, than you perhaps
expected.

^ i»i 1^

We peel pretty well satisfied that nothing is gained by
having brood reared to any great extent too early. Wait
until settled warm weather, and then push them along.
If by feeding you produce unseasonable activity, more
bees will be lost than are reared in the hive, and your
tame and money will be wasted.

The chaff hives have wintered finely, but so h:ive tiie
naked Siniplicities, m.iny of them. Those that had an
abuiKlnnce of .-Htores clear around the cluster, and wore in
Qjd black tough combi!, hare wintered— up to tliis date,
March KUh— as nicely as one could wisk out ou their
sjuramer stand.i. They hail smtliing over them b«t »
l«osely fitting quilt.

CouLi> you vead the letters that we do, we think,
none oi' you would be in danger of wasting your mon-
ey by buying rights lor anything ftbout a bee hive.
Just now we nve asked it one has to pay lor a right to
use the tin separators. They are described in tbi^
first volume of the A. R. J., (18fil) and so can not btt
monopolizeil by anyone, no matter what patents may
have been granted.

^i^i ^ '

Last nwnth we took especial pains to give the dimen-
sions of the Simplicity liive, and in fact we took the
trouble to have it put in italics, that all might uixlerstaiKl
without more questions. Can you imagine our consterna-
tion at findiiig ibe compositor had made it read f(rurt<;vtt.
instead of .s(.r?'f«'» inches in width? How we came to
miss seeing the blunder in reading the prooJ, is more than
we can tell, but facts are stubborn things, and so we shall
have to correct it the best we can. We have added the
iron guage frames to our nrice list, and their dimensions,
that we may escape moie such blunderi. The hives are
outside 20JixltJ inches.

Q«;il,'rs; CARPETING A SUBSTl'JTUTK.
|\ WORD on quilSa: 1 got a lot made according to

lrj\ the sample I got of .> ou— cotton batting, etc. 1
made others by cutting an old woolen carpet into
pieces, and the lesiult was tliis; When it came cold
weather, all that had cotton quilts were cold, damp and
frosty; all that had woolen carpet quilts, were dry, livel.v
and warm. So I cut up carpet enough for all. I think
cotton quilts are a failure. Henet Daniels.

Plainfield, Sullivan Co., N. H., Mar. 7lh, 1877.
It is rather rasli to decide to call a thing -a
failure, after so short an experience, yet it is
very likely that the woolen carpet has a quali
ty of keeping the bees warm and dry, that the
batting quilts have not, althougli we have
used the latter with very good success for the
past 10 years. We observed that friend Rice
used new rag carpeting in his house apiary,
and he said he liked it better than the quilts.
In our experience with different kinds of wool-
en clotli for the purpose, the bees gnawed them
badly, and very soon had holes through which
they would crawl, in a way that was very ag-
gravating ; at least, it proved so iu the house
apiary. We fear, friend D., that you may
change your opinion, after you have the carpet
eaten full of holes, yet it may be they will not
bite it as badly as they do the woolen cloth
itself. If we recollect ai-ight, the rag carpet
was not as badly covered with propolis, as our
cotton quilts, and our sheets of duck. Rag-
carpeting is worth about 50c. per yard, and at,
this price it might be cut up and hemmed,
cheaper than to make quilts. Carpeting real-
ly seems to keep its place better than does
either the duck or the quilts, and it may be
the bees will not molest it as badly as tliey do
new woolen cloth ; who will tell us V Wo
have tried a great rariety of substances, and
many of them seemed to answer very well, ex-
cept that when they were stripped from the
frames, little bits would tear off and stick,
making a disagreeable and untidy appearance,
and endangering the neatness of our extracted
honey. This latter is the greatest objection
to all kinds of felting. New carpeting, all
woolen, is rather expensive, even were tl;ere no
other objections. For keeping the bees warm,
we prefer the chaff cushions, and to keep Ihem
clean, we keep the bees away from them by tlie
sheets of duck. The hitter we have never
known the bees to bite through, and it is the
only thing we have ever tried that will
answer. The material is simihtr to that used
for graiB bags.

t t^t t tttt tttttt t'

'irD' '^EnT i''|Sj!ii i'{F35if /!»* ^k>v^ii "^'.fr.'V "'-r^'-lf /^F!>\i k^Vr ^'Cv'Sli *-vt5

Our lOth Edition

OF

Implements lor Bee Oulture with Directions ior their Use.

I

f

No 1, shows a Simplicity HIpp, single story, with the sheet of Duck removed, so as to sh-
10 inimes in iilace. 'J'he Chair Cushion is shown In the cover, where it is fastened by 8 oi ki
around the edge. "i .)u will observe that when the Cushion is thus lastened in tli<- <■
we are ohlijred to have the sheet of Duck shown at No. 8, fitted closely over the frame- Mia
1)603 niav not get to the Cushion, or it « ou!d be stuck so tightly to the frames that we cou!<t i
get the hive open. This Hive Is shown with tiie entrance closed, by i)usliing it back squari'ly .
bottom board, while Nos. -2 and ;> are pu^fu-'l lorwani so as to give a § inch passage for the l.i-c:

■ the

licks

• v.-r,

t the

:i VI r

111 'he

-. Xo.

J

SUPPLEMENT TO GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apr.

■2 shows th^> way in which we contract llie entrance
with sawdust, only the sawdust neer'.s stainiiing down
.a little more. No. 3 is a 2-story hive, being slm|jly two
hoflies one over the other. With the cover removed;
the covers and l)ottom boards being one and the same
thing. In i.iie foreground are seen the lour simple
pieces of which the hive is composed. The two large \
ones, are of course the side and end of a hive, and the
.strips lying on them are the pieces that are nailed un-
<ler the ci>ver. as will be readily understood by look-
ing ac the diagram on page 9. The iron frame leaning
ag.iinsi No. •'{ i^ ihe gauge to be slipped over the hives
while they are being nailed. It is, inside, 20i by IG
inches, and is slipped over the hive both top and bot-
tom, liki; a hoop ; this holds them square and true,
and shows when the stuff is just right. If they Just
fi I ihe hoops, you can be sure that any hive you have
will just tit n- y other, and that it will be exactly right
fir every Irame in the apiary, if they are also made
on a gaiige, as they certainly should be; or at least
the siutf should be cut to lit a gauge.

No li is a trame containing 8 section boxes filled
with fdii., and No. 13 is the same with the tin sejiara-
lora added At No. '2 we see one of these frames of
Sections at each outside of the hive ; this is the way
in'^which we arrange a single story for comb honey,
leaving ihi- brood in the middle. At No. 3 the whole
up|)er story is supposed to be tilled with these frames
01 sections. No. 11 is a metal-cornered frame tilled
with Idn., and a transferring clasp. No. 23, is shown
pushed down on the top bar, as tliey are used. At No.
1 1 we ree a theet of IVln., with a thin metal tube slip-
ped over the top; this holds the fdn. more securely
than even melted wax, and it can be slipped into tlie
liame just as the comb guide is put in. At present,
this pian <ii fattening the sheets in tlie frame is some-
whai niori' ex|iensive than melted wax. The latter is
a chi ap and quick way, but the frames will not bear
much handling after it is put in. Wc will describe
lio w to do it, as follows :

HOW TO FASTEN SHEETS OF FDN. IN THE BKOOD
FKAMES.

Set a common small lamp in a tall box with one
Open isi'ie, having coarse wire cloth nailed over tlie
lop. Place on the wire cloth a cup containing wax.
K. ep tne .vax just melted, by turning the lamp wick
up or down. Now, with a i)encil brush you can put
the melltil wax neatly just where you want it. Fit a
board so that it will slip into j^our Irame just half
way. and lay jour sheet of fdn. on this, withits upper
edge (dose i'galnst the top liar; brush the wax along
the joint, slip out the board and hang the frame in a
hive. Alter a little practice you will do them quite
rapidly, anil think it is just fun. It is said that the
Inn., to prevern, sagging, should g;o in the Irame in
*ucli a way that the walls of the cells run up and
down, instead of diagonally. Our sheets are all made
lor the L. Irames in that way.

At No. 14 we have a frame of fancy sections. The
fdu. is put iii these by pushing them apart, and catch-
ing it between the two J boards of which they are
nia.h-. No. K) is the Quinby smoker, and No. 17 is the
Dooiittle smoker. No. IS is a queen cage. No. 19 is a
quart ieeuer. We should have added, in the proper
1 aci , that the artist has put quite a number of wires
<Mi ijie f:ra|pi'-vine trellis, while but 3are really needed.
Ihegrajje \inis are also heavy with foliage toward
the top oi the posts, during the hottest weather. •

UVU PRICE I.IST FOR 1877.

It is the 1st of April, and we are so full of all kinds
Ot business that we really have no time for any pre-
face. B(.e keepers who are ready and willing to work
tor their honey, we believe are all busy, and are all so
lar as we know, realizing as fair a reward for the time
and capiia) invested, as in other kinds of business. A
lew of the most keen and enterprising, are, as in all
kinds of business, far outstripping th<3 rest, and it
rests with jou alone, my friend, to determine what
place in the ranks you will occupy. Just one piece of
advice : However attractive the wares may seem that
we are about to describe, we would say, don't get in
debt lor them ; if you haven't the money to purchase,
don't buy until you get It. Be humble and satisfied
■with little, and let your apiary grow of itself, and be
self-sustaining. I say this because I rcuUt/ do rot
Ti ish J on 10 be disappointed. If you study the subject
find become thoroughly familiar with the bees by

actual work among them, both capital and bees wi'l
come as last as you can handle either. 1 want to see
you all prosper, and to do so, you must be cheerful,
courageous ami independent; above all, don't get
crazy and extravagant if you shoiUd happen to get S2&
or §tO, as the proceeds of one colony in a season ;
prosperity is sometimes harder to bear than adversity.

IMPLEMENTS FOR THE APIAUY.

The very lii st thing to be considered in talking about
implements, is the Irame to be used ; and I really feel
sale now, in sa\ing the Langstrolh. If you have a
dozen or more hives in use, that contain frames all
alike, perha))s you had better keep on with them ; if
you are a new beginner, or have several kinds of hives
all unlike and wish to come down to one kind, I would
advise L. frame by a'l means. If you want both comb
and liquid honey, the two-story is perliajis as good as
any. If you want exclusively comb honey, perhaps
the Quinby hive will do as well as any, but in our own
apiary it takes so much more time to take out and re-
place the Irames, that they are entirely out of the
question. As others who use these hives largely, do
not agree witli us. perhaps those who are not eatislied
had better try a Quinby hive with the closed-end
frames. As tlie frames are so much larger than the
others, fewer arc required to make a hive, and this, in
a measure, compensatts for the loss of time in hand-
ling; besides, a Quinby hive can be maiie cheaper
than any other.

We would remark that we have carefully thrown
out or remodeled everything in our list found in any
way defective, and we ofl'er nothing that we do not
approve of and use in our own apiary.

We can ship promptly, bv Freight, Express or Mail,
(none mailable except those designated,) goods men-
tioned in the list in every number of Gleanings.
Hives, Extractors, etc., can be sent much cheaper by
Freight, but in this case they should be ordei'ed threw
or four weeks before needed, it the distance is con-
siderable. During the months of April, Maj' and
June, orders may sometimes be delayeil several days,
but our customers may rely upon receiving notice at
once on receipt of all remittances.

At the prices given in this list, cash must accom-
2K1712/ every order ; AS the sending of goods C. U. D.,
entails an additional expense, and goodb sometimes
fall to be taken, we really dislike to send them thus,
but if you are content to pay Irom "25 cents to SI to the
express company to bring us the money, (which could
be sent by P. O. Onler lor 10 cents,) we will send them
C. O. D. when tl is advanced. When hives or frames
are ordered in quantities, the additional expense ol
boxing is such that we can make no better rates on
large orders. Orders for frames or hives of dimen-
sions difl'ering from those namrd, will also be liable to
some additional delay, especially during the '• honey
months."

prepaying express and freight charges.
Express charges are so variable that it seems diffi-
cult to establish a uniform and satisfactory rate; yet
if you choose to leave the matter to us, we can prei>ay
charges at about the rates given in the following
table. If you can make a better arrangement with
your agent, do so by all means ; if not, send the money
to us and we will prepay express when goods are
shipijcil. If your express office is not on a main line,
from '25 to 50 cents more must be added. This is rather
Indefinite, we are aware, but it is the best we can do.
If goods are not wanted at once, they can be sent by
freight at one-half, or BtiU less rates; but it is very
unwise to wait until they are wanted and then order
by freight. As an illustration, we have taken a cover,
a whole hive and an extractor ; they weigh respect-
ively, about 5, 15 and '25 pounds.

liATE AT WHICH WE CAN PREPAY EXPRESS CHARGES.

Cover, llive. JCxtraclur.

New York 8.50 §.90 81.40

Chicago 25 .(JO 1.00

San Francisco 3.0O 4.00 6.'25

Now Orleans 1.75 2.75 3.'25

Galveston i 2.1'0 3,00 3.50

We always consider it an especial favor to have
cuslo7ners inform vs by postal card ivhelher\ goods are
sulififactory ; ivhcthcr our mode of packincj is efficient ;
lime taken in iixmsit; whether JSxpress or Freight
charyes v}cre reasonable, etc., etc.

Mespcctfullg. A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

The QuiNHi' Smoker, as it is now made, is decidedly
a neat implement. Strong, neat and light, and above
all, made so it can be readily taken apart, it is sure
to piove a |)lea:»ant sur|)riso to every purchaser.
Trice $l.Gv, postpaid; or 81.50 by express.

'F;ic*i©:i3Lcl Jti©©'^'^ 11l©m^© A,p;lati^,y^®

THE A B C OF BEE CCJI^TUIiE.

Supplement to April No. 1877 ; and Tenth Edition Circular and Price List.

Descriptive Frice List of Implements for See Culture, with Directions for Using.

Manufactured by A. I. ROOT, Modina, O. Establisbed 1870.

tisers near you. This will save all labor of
transferring, and you will get much better
combs than those usually found in a box hive.
If your hive was purchased near home, you
can move it by simply tying or tacking a
cloth over the lower end, that the bees may
have plenty of air ; if it has a stationary bot-
tom, cover the entrance with wire cloth, and
if the weather is by any means warm, some
holes should also be provided in or near the
top, covered in a similar way. One of our
first purchases was smothered by giving them
no ventilation while moving, except a small
entrance, and although they were carried but
a small distance, they got so hot as to melt
down all the combs leaving me nothing but
strained honey and dead bees, for my $10.
Our experience indicates that there is very lit-
tle danger of giving too much ventilation while
moving, but that there is much danger of giv-
too little. We prepare the Simplicity hives,
by tacking wire cloth over the entire top;
when thus prepared, we have never known
them to crawl out of the hive in all directions
into the dirt as they often do when partially-
smothered. We will suppose you nave your
first colony safely home, and are ready to com-
mence taking the first step right. In other
words, you are going to start your apiary.

THE APIARY.

In the picture at the head of this page, we
have given you an idea of one of the pleasant-
est we have ever visited, yet our friend has we
think missed it, in placing his hives too far
apart, for we find 6 feet from centre to centre,
of the hives, to answer every purpose, and the
labor is very much lessened. You who have

^|p|f,0 you ask why I commence thus ? It is
JU|) because there are many more asking to
be taught the very first principles, than
anything else, and if I ever write a " bee book,"
it will be especially for this very class, who
when they look into bee culture for the fli'st
time, seem never wearied in asking for more
and more knowledge.

It is a very good thing to ask (luestions my
friends, but with bees, you should bear in
mind that the greatest and best teacher of all,
is nature herself ; and those who persistently
question her, are sure of a reward such as no
mortal can give. Do you ask how ? Get a
hive of bees and study the little fellows them-
selves ; they certainly will not object, if you
make their acquaintance with the same res-
pect that you would give any human being of
whom you wished a tavor.

I would advise you to get the bees about as
soon as you get your ABC book, for you
really need one about as much as the other.
If your means are limited, get a colony in an
old box hive, for these can usually be pur-
chased the cheapest. If you can buy one in a
Langstroth hive, perhaps you can aff'ord to
pay a couple of dollars more, but it you are
just commencing, I would advise you to trans-
fer them from anything else, even if it is ever
so well made and covered by ever so many pa-
tents You had better not pay over !?5. for a
colony of common bees, for we can send you a
colony of hybrids in a one story Simplicity
hive for only f 7., and you can very likely get
them for about that price of any of our adver-

SUPPLEMENT TO GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

ArE.

worked at extracting, know what an easy task
it seems, to take the honey from the hives close
to the door of the honey house. Well, with
the Hexagonal apiary shown by diagram on
the last page of this circular, you can have 56
colonies, so arranged that the farthest shall
be no more than 20 feet from the door.,=^ Now
if you should not have more than 7 hives, it
will pay you to have them thus arranged, and
we have given you a diagram of that number
to let you see the appearance they will present.

IIEXAGO.NAI. Al'lAUY OF SKVEN IllVKS.

Oa the tenth pase, the same idea !-< carried
out to 50, with a honey-house in the center.
Just imagine the contrast in the appearance'of
tliat number of hives set dov?n carelessly, audi
arranged as we have indicated ; if a friend }
should ask to see your apiary, think of how i
you would feel in showing it to him. If you
had a fine horse of your own raising, nicely
groomed, you would feel a thrill of pleasure,
in having him patted and complimented, and
we wish you to feel the same way of your bees,
whether yon have one hive, or 100. If you fix
the first one in neat nice trim, you will be very
apt to do the same with the rest.

HOW TO DO EVER\"rHIBiC; THA'JI'

NEEDS TO BE DOWE WITH A
COLONY OF KEES.

WITH THE HOPE TH.'i.T IT MAY ANSWEK A GREAT
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS.

'JE WILL suppose it is the lirst of April, anri
that you have purchased a (colony of common ]
'Uj'^j bees, either in a box hive or in any patent
hive — it amounts to the^ same thing. Alter i
transferring, you are ready for work.

DIVISION BOAED-S. !

During this month, a very fair colony will not need
more than (i combs ; and they are ninch better off I
when conlined to these 0, than when spread over a \
greater number. The purpose of the division board.
is to contract the liive imtil the bees fill it, even should |
It be only 2 combs, and to make them fully cover tlie.?e i
before tliev have more. When they have all the cells I
occupied with brood, honey or pollen, they should I
liave another comb, and be made to Jill that. When j
the division board is used for this purpose, the bees |
ave allowed to get back of it during pleasant weather, I
and in i'act. it makes an excellent place for feed when
it is not too cold. If combs containing some honey be
left back of this division board, they will soon carry it
ovei', and it seems to have much the etlect in s^timu-
lating that natural stores do. The small channel along
the rabbet usually affords them a pussage wav, or the
division board may be raised about H inch.

BUILDING THEM UP.

Whenever you fuid they hav<5 everv cell occupied
with brood, pollen or honey, and all the combs cover-
ed with bees, move back the division board and put an
empty worker comb in the center of the brood ; should
they be short of honey, it will be better to give thetn
a comb containing some sealed ho!iey, nncapping it at
the time. \iv very sure you do not spread them
too fast, during the cool spring months; and also be
sure they do not suffer for want of room later in the

season. When the hive is full ot bees, or when honey
begins to come in plentifnlly, yon are ready to con-
sider

SURFLU'S irONET.

Quinby says, with much truth, that it is of great im-
portance that the boxes be put on jiTst at the right;
time; and the only way to know when, is to keep a
caretul watch of their proceedings. When they be-
gin to build little bits of eomb at the tops and ends of
the frames, it is pretty certain they will make a stare
in boxes, provided they have easy access to them,
from near the center of the brood tteet. The sections
we offer are made so that a frame containing 8 may be
put in the lower story at one side, during fruit blos-
soms, A very little piece of eomb wili many timcK
make a great difference ; and if you can ciit ont a-
piece ot new white drone ccmb from some of youv
frames, and put good large pieces of these in a few of
the central sections, you can make a very s«re thing oV
box honey, when they are getting any honey at all.

TO MAKE THE BEES OF ANY HIVE WORK IN Tllh:
SECTIONS.

Get them started in one hive in yoitr apiary, as di-
rected above, then take from tliis a frame of sections,
bees and all, well at work, and set it in the hive where
they are either "stubborn" or "lazy," and it will'
get any colony to work we have ever seen. If honey
is coming in there wi! 11)0 no danger of quarreling.
The frame of sections should contain some honey.

This is some trouble, but it is only by faithful, hard
work, that we can attain success in bee-keeping, it
your colony is not large, it is a very good plan to makt^
them get well started lirst in the sections in the lower-
story— a frame of 8 at each outside — and then to raise
them up when the upper story is put on ; for if the
weather should be cool, you may give them a serious
check by opening the whole top of the hive into tlie
sections too soon. When they have commenced work
in all the boxes, give them room as fast as they wilS
use it; and if you have bees enough to work in 3 sto-
ries at once, give them a chance by all means, as you
may thus prevent swarming; and it that is not
enough, give them slill more. Be sure you do yvur
part.

TAKING OFF SURPLUS BOXES, AND GETTINO THE
BEES OUT.

You can take out the frames and shake and brush
the bees off, or you can push the sections, one by one,
out of the large frames which are filled, and 'shake
the bees ofl'; but if yon have little time to spare.
we think by far the better way is to set the filled boxep
in front of tlie hive, close to the entrance, and let then^
remain over night. In the morning every bee will
have found its way back into the hive. A whole up-
per story may be taken off in the same way, and as;
soon as the bees are out, it is all ready to take to mar-
ket. If any of the frames contain untinished sections,
and more honey is coming in, these unfinished onef
should be put into the new upper story, to keep tht^
bees steadily at work. As there is always a liability
of rain storms during the night, the sections should
be covered, if they are not in an uy>pcr story, and if
tak^n off at a time wlien the bees are disposed to rob,
you will have to be up at daylight to take care of them,
or you may have " lively times.'' A single story Sim-
plicity hive will set nicely in the upper part of a lawn
or chaff hive, and this make.>i a very convenient way
of liandling the 8uri)his comb honey, as it can be ail
removed at one "lift." These single stories make a
very strong and neat shipping case, and tliey can be
piled up as high as you jdeaee, lilting on each other
ao securely, that even dust and insects are excluded:
and there being no projections, they pack together
closely, and at the same time can be easily lilted by
the slots for the fingers.

If yon are going to use the extractor, yon need ni>
further directions than those given with bur i>rice list,
of extractors, unless it be to avoid robbing your beesr..
After you have had a few starve in conseijiience, you
will know all about it, better than from anything we
could tell you. Wiien honey is coming in rapidly, bt
s^ire you keep it out of their way. You can do your
e.vtracting with omly a one-story hive tf you ehoose,
but we think you will get less than if a two-story hive
be used, and your honey will lie ol an inferior quality.
With the latter we would endoavor tobave them keep
all, or nearly all the brood Inflow, an<t store their
surplus above, uiaking them build thick combs above,
by using !» or Id in the space that holds 11 ordinarily.
If they start a lot of brood above, swap it lor stome
combs below that contains none. If the upper story
is left on until late, they are very apt to move "up
stairs,'' queen and all. A beginner cm get a good
yield of extracted honey, where he would not st*t '■*

1877

SUPPLEMENT TO GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

jjownd in the boxes, and at prebent, we regard it as the
««a8ier ot the two ways.
4^1;KEN UKMiltiii AND AKTIKICIAL SWARMING.
i)o not comnnuwe any such work before your hives ;
jire all full of bcca, and are gelling lioney, and we;
.really feel like advising you not to do it then, it will '
be mncli the moie prolitablc way for you to build j
them all up strong, an I then, if they u<ilf " pilch right ,
!in " and gatlier lioney, let them do it by all means: j
and <toii't ruin both Vourself and bees by untimely I
*• tinkering," even if the books <-?<.! say it can be done I
without injury. II you (Ind a colony that is deter- j
mined to swarm, it may do to divide them. During !
«.lie hooey season we want all han<is at work ; after it j
2S passed and our hives arc full of bees with nothing 1
pnrticular to do, we can set them to rearing <iueens. i
<>no "rousing big"' colony will then furnish bees i
t'oough for a doeen nuclei, if you really iiiu.sf fuss with
little ewarms of Ixjes; but it you will lie guiiled by us,
you will, if i)ossible, luive only strong slocks, and you
•<;an always nmke it possible in warm weather. In the j
.spring we are obliged to use division boards, and to i
nurse up weak stocks, but it we always Isad strong i
ones in the fall, tliere might he less of this. '

Dooiittle says, in regard to comb honey, "If a col- j
imy swarms, it does vfcU ; if it don't swarm, it does |
bettei'." The best way we know of to get along with
«.hc swarm, is to shake it in front ot the hive it came ]
from, afler it (ihe hive) has been carried to a new lo-
<-.atIon, This will satisfy them, and they will work in
iioxes or for tlie extractor prodigiously. Even if your
object is increase of stock, we would advise keeping 1
them in their old hives as long as you can during the 1
honey season ; but instead of the extractor or boxes, ;
put on au upper story, and secure as many combs full
or pai'tly full ot lioney as you can. When the yield
iicgina to slacken, make your colonies, au<l give them
a. house well furnished to start with. I

HOW TO GET GOOD QUEEN CELLS. |

These should be on hand from June until Oct., and i
to secure tliem. you are to put once in ten days or of- ]
tener, a clean worker comb in the midst of the colony |
containing your imported or best queen. When it con- )
tains larvae just large enough to be visible, place it in I
11 queenless colony, and in lo days from the time the 1
Jirst eggs were laid in this comb— look sharp— you are
in cut out the queen cells, or place the whole comb in I
the lamp nursery— see Lamp nu.isepy. If thelormer]
plan, insert the cells in combs of hatching bees, (from j
other hives) one in each, and these are ready to be put i
into queenless colonies or nuclei. If you wish to be
sure the bees will not tear them down, cut them out -
days earlier, and leave them, combs of brood and all,
in the hive in which the cells were built, until the 15th
day, as mentioned; you can then quietly carry the
• •omb, bees, queen cell and all, where you wish it.

ARTIFICIAL SWARMING

Is simply collecting combs covered with bees and
broo'l, one ea<;h from several hives, and putting them
in a new hive, with one of our combs containing a
<|ueen cell. If we get the bees lYom several hives,
they seem to be so bewildered that they all join
peaceably, and we have no fighting at all. After the
vjueen Is hatche<i and has commenced laying, your
colony is made.

ROBBING

Will rarely trouble you unless you carelessly leave
hon«y scattered about the apiary, or fuss with weak
stocks or nuclei that are unable to protect themselves.
IfS^ou find a colony being robbed, stop up the en-
trance as quickly as possible, and if everything else
about the apiary in the shape of sweets is secure, they
will soon forget about it and stop. Just before dark
Iftt the robbers go home, and if your colony does not
take care of itself next day, either break it up or give I
it bees from some other. It may at times be best to
'■■lose the hive for several days until some of the young
bees are old enough to stand guard. As a general
rule, robbers, moth worms, and almost all other
troubles, are the result of trying to nurse up weak
colonies. For all these evils a pint of Italians are
worth more than tvro quarts of common bees.
ijjwakingol shutting the lii\"e reminds us of

ENTRANCES.
If your colonies are strong, you are not likely lo need to
<'l.)sc the eidrance once in five years, and why should we
■fiH^umhcr each hive with some complicated rigging that
wo are very likely to never use * The entrance to the
Sini|)lic'ity hive is made by pushing the hive forward on
the hoitom board, as Siji'ii in cut on first page. If the cii-
tnnee does not exceed '; there will be no danger of mice
J!;ftttinK in. If it r's necessary to close a hive, we ('."in do it
<iuickly with a piece of newspaper, and if wc '.vish it Tcry
s"e«r!s, we can bank the savTdust U2' o^er it.

€01TIB-F01J1\»AT50N MACHINE.

FOR 12 INCH SHEETS.

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SUPPLEMENT TO GLEANIN^GS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apr

TKANSFKHRING.

We firmly believe evcyij one of our readers can do
their own transterrinar, ;ind do it nicclTT. if they will
only make up their minds that they n-ill succeed. If
you aie awkward and inexperienced, it will take you
longer, that is all.

■".Ve have said so often, that the best time was during
i.lie perio(i of fruit blossoms.that it seems almost need-
less to repeat it. 15e sure that you l)avc cleared away
all rubbish, Irom about your box hive or gum, for a
space of at least (1 feet all around. We should decided-
ly prefer to have the hive stand ilireclly on the ground
with all rough and uneven iilaces filled up witli saw-
dust nicely stamped down. Make it so clean and tidy
that you can find a needle it you should drop it, and be
sure you leave no cracks or crevices in which the
■ lueen or bees may hide or crawl. INfakc all thebC ar-
rangements, several days beforehand if possible, so
that the bees may be well aciiuainled with all the sur-
roundings and be full at work ; r';member we v/ish to
choose a time when as many bees as possible are out
at work, for they will then be nicely out of the way.
About 10 o'clock A. j\I. will probably be the best time
if it is a warm, still day. Get all your appliances in
readiness, everything you can think of that yon may
need, and some other things too, perhaps. You will
want a fine-tool bed saw, a hammer, a chisel to cut
nails in the old hive, tacks, and thin strips of pine,
unless you have the translerring clasps, a large boarrl
to lay the combs upon, (the cover to a Langstroth hive
does "tip top,'') ail old table cloth or sheet fobleilup to
lay under the ccmibs to prevent bumping the heads ol
the unhatched brood too severely, a honey knife or a
couple of them, if you have none get a couple of long
thinbladed bread or butcher knives, and lastly a ba-
sin of water and a towel to keep everything washed up
clean. Now, as we have said before, this is really, a
great part of it, women's work, ami if you cannot per-
suade your wile or sister, or some good frien(il among
the sex to help, you are not lit to be a bee-keeper. In
saying this we take It for granted, that women, the
world over, are rea<ly and willing to as?i> t in any use-
ful work, if they are treated as fellow beings and
equals. The operation of transferring will alVord you
an excellent opportunity to show your assistant many
of the wonders of the beehive, and in the role of
teacher, you may discover that you are elimnlating
yourself to a degree of skill that you would not be
likely to attain otherwise.

A Quiuby smoker will be very handy, but if you
have nut one, make a smoke of some bits of rotten
wood in a pan ; blow a little smoke in at the entrance
of the hive, but do not get the sawdust on Are. Tip
the old hive over backward, and blow in a little more
smoke to drive the bees down among the combs, let it
stand there, and place the new hive so that the en-
trance is exactly in the place of the old one ; put a
large newspaper in front of the entrance on the
gi-ound, and let one edge lie under the entrance to the
new hive. The returning bees, laden with |)ollcn and
honey, are now alighting and going into the hive and
<nit agiiin in dismay at finding it empty. We now want
to get one comb in for them, to let them know that it
is their old hoaie. Move the old hive back a little far-
ther so you can get all around it, and give ihcm a little
more smoke whenever they seem disposed to be ob-
streperous; and now comes the trial of skill and in-
genuity. The problem is, to get those crookcil irregu-
lar combs out of that old hive, and then to lix ihcra
neatly in the movable frames.

Your own good sense will have to dictate much in
Ilia matter. Saw off the cross slicks, If such there be,

and with your thin knife cut the combs loose from one
side ; cut off the nails and jiry off this side, but don't
get the honey to running if you can help it. We have
as yet saiil nothing about bee veils, and notwithstand-
ing we keep tbeni to sell, we really do not think you
need one, unless you are so careless as to get the lioney
running and start robbers. When the tide is off, you
can ])robabiy gel one comb out. Lay it on the folded
tablecloth, take out the comb guide, lay the frame on
it, and let your feminine friend cut it so as to requiro
that the frame be sjirung slightly to go over it. With
the clasps she can fasten the combs in as fast as you
•an cut them out; if sticks and tacks, strings or rub-'
bers be used It will take some longer. When the
frame is to be lifted into a horizontal position, the
board, cloth and all is to be raised with it. With the
wash basin and towel, keep the honey neatly wiped
up. II robbers begin to annoy, keep a cloth over the
two hives. Put tlie brood as nearly together as you
can conveniently, or some of it may get chilled. When
you get near the central combs, you will probably lift
out large clusters of bees vFith the comb; tliese are to
bo shaken and biuslied off on the newspaper; if they
do not seem disposed to crawl into the hive take hold
of the edge of the i)aper and sliake them up toward
the entrance ; they will soon go in. A paper is better
than a cloth, for they cannot stick fast to it. Save out
the drone comb, and fix it all in a frame or frames by
itself. It will do well for surplus lioney, but we don't
want it in the brood chamber. Utensils and bits of
comb that have much honey daubed on them may be
put in the upper story for the bees to clean up, but if
the weather is cool, keep the quilt down over them
closely for a day or two. We would look them over
carefully every rlay or two, and as fast as they get the
combi fastened, remove the clasps, or other fasten-
ings and bend the combs into place as we mentioned
last month.

Each operation is very simple and easy in itself, if
you go about it at tlie proper time and in the right
way. Bear in mind that the bees, from first to last,
are to be ke|)t constantly in subjection, by use of the
smoke, and that you must never let them get the faint-
est idea that, by any possibility, can thcji become
master. Send tliem back among the combs as often
as they jioke their heads out, until they are perfectly
subdued, and hang in quiet clusters, like bees at
swarming time.

lilxtraotors.

One important point is that all machines to work to
the best cadvantage, should be so made that the frame
may hang in them .iust as it hangs in the hive, if we
except the L. and Q. frames, and all having a length
under the top bar greater than 14 inches. It may be
impossiiile for us to give all the reasons for this now.
but we hope you will take our word for it when we say
there are very good reasons for standing a frame on
end in the Extractor when the length is much greater
than the depth.

We have beiore explained that we have our castings
made to fit two diU'erent sized cans, viz., 17 and '20 inches,
and we will now farther state that we make the cans
also of two diflerent heights. To w^ork nicely, the
frame needs about the same amount of room to hang
in the Extractor, that it has in the hive ; to do this there
seems to be no other way than to make every Extractor
to fit the hive it is intended for. Of course you can
use them otherwise, but we are well satisfied that the
cumbrous machines now in use, are many of them des-
tined to be soon laid aside for the more modern kind.

1877

SUPPLEMENT TO GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

DIAGRAM OP PEIXCIPAL FRAMES IN TSK.
F'ttjH)'es girf» arr oicfsiili' Uimeusionx in. inckes. Sus-
ptiu/^(f frames kitve \ jit-rh. supporiinj arms, or «»
K-yj-t/Jtl priiloiiun/i.in of (.ip bar.

1-^Jc

QUINBV.

17/,'
Langstkoth.

ix

12

American.

11?^
Gallup, C

V3%

Closed end Quijvby. S

Tlie following table is for the convenience of those
'irdering machines, and is intendedfto enable any one
»o decide for himself exactly what he can use to the
i)est advantage.

The figures in parentheses, just before t he prices.
Sive the exact inside width of the revolving frame of
the Kxtractor, in inches.l

A honey knife is included with each machine : tlie
price will lie §1.00 less it no knife is wanted.
No. 1.— For the Gal'up frame, or anv frame llji;

inches wide and not more than 12)2 deep.. (12')
No. ■2. — For the Amtrican frame, or any one 12

inches wide and not more than 12,"ij deep. (12 >s )
No. .!.— For any frame 12^ inches wide and not

more than 12% <';--ep (13)

No. 4.— Standard Extractor, for any frame l.SJ^

wide and not mere than 12^4 deep (U.V)

88 .^0

S ") I

0 00 i

;» 00 I

No. .5. This Is made expressly for the Lang-
stroth frame, which is to be used standing on
end ; it will take any frame whose top bar
iloes not exceed 20 inahes. and depth ^'A
inches (10) ») «>

No. (i. The same except that it will take a frame
of lO's inches In depth (II) i> 50

No. 7. This is made expressly for the Quinby
.•;?rs-/x'H</<'(/ frame, and will, take also the other
kind when the end bars have a depth not
greater than U}i inches (12) 10 00

No. 8. This is for all Quinby frames, and all
American frames having a depth greater than
12,'.; inches, and can be used for all the frames
in our diagram, but is much more inaonvenient
than the smaller ones where they can be
used (12X) 10 0<»

No. 9. This machine is like No. 8. except that it
takes a irarae ^ inch wider, and is suitable for
American Irames that are 12,'^ wide and more
than 12K inches deep (13) 10 00

No. 10. This 18 the largest machine that we
keep in stock, and will take a frame as wide
as the Standard, and as long as the Qui.i-
by (14^) 10 00

For frames having a top bar with an extreme length
ot more than 20 inches, we shall have to make
an extra charge of Sl.CO. and we shall have to make
the same extra charge for frames that exceed 14 inches
the narrowest way. There are few frames of such
extreme large size in use, yet we sold perliaps a dozen
such last season. Also, we find a few who insist on an
extractor that will hold 4 frames at once; unless the
frames are very small, we cannot think such will be
liked as well, yet we will furnish them vrhen desired.,
at an expense of SL.'iO extra. If you look into the mat-
ter, }-ou will see that a very much larger and heavier
revolving frame will be needed, and eveiy ounce in
weight added to this, hinders rapid work.

All of the last six— tall cans— have a sxipport at the
bottom for the frames to rest upon, and also to hold
broken pieces of comb, should it be desired. The four
first have nothing of this kind, for it is not needed,
and would in reality only make them heavier, and be
in the way ; we advise purchasers always to take the
smaller machines when they will take their frames.
For instance, we would much prefer the No. 4, to the
No. 10, even if offered at the same price, provided we
had nothing but the Standard frame in our apiary.

Although our machines are now made much lighter
and stronger, the gearing very much improved iu
looks as well as in strength, an improvement added
whereby once oiling will last for years, a cover aud
strainer added, and the prices reduced, yet we still
make the proposal that we will, to anyone, who has
purchased one machine, give 10 per cent ofl" on all he
may sell after that ; and this is all we can do in the
way of furnishing them at wholesale. To dealers
who advertise our K.xtractors, we will give 25 per cent
off. This offer refers only to Extractors and honey
knives.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR irSIN® AN EXTRACTOR.

Many of our aew friends have asked for directions
for using these machines, but really they are so sim-
ple, that t seems that little advice need be required.
They are all ready for use when received, and most
that is required is to screw them fast o some box or
bench just high enough to allow the gate to run the
honey into the bung-hole of a barrel. Do not under-
take to work unless the bees are gathering honey, or

you will be very likely to have trouble. The best

The above are al in shallow cstm^ 11^ inches nigh. ' time is when they are bu^ in the fields, and the

ind are very convenient for placing at such a height j yield is good, you will hardly need any smoke. Care-

u^, to allow of running the honey directly into the bar- i fully remove a fratn.» rom the hive, and then with a

rel oi- any other receptacle, and still not be too high ! series of sudden jerks shake the bees in front of the

•for any one to work conveniently. The following ' hive or on top of the frames, as you may find most

numljers canalso be used in the same way, unless the | convenient. When you have shaken off as many as

operator is short in .«tature ; in that case, a shallow you can, take a bunch ot asparagus tops, aud gently

»ox may be mverted to stand on, but is somewhat | brush off every bee in from of the hive. Now with

1; COM veil ient I the honey knife carefully cut the cappings from all

SUPPLEMENT TO GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apb.

capped cells ; to do this quickly you will slide tlie
knife under ttie caps in such a way as to have them
come oil' in one entire sheet. In regard to straining
the honey, we know ol no way that answers so well,
all thircs considered, as to liang the little bag sent
with the machine, in the bung of the barrel ; this
keeps it all close and tiglit from flies and dust, and
when you stop work for a little while, it is all safe,
without the necessity of covering anything up. Two
sucli bags are really "needed, so that one can be kept
cl«an antl ready to take the place ol the other when it
becomes lilleu witli impurities. As the sediment al-
ways settles to the bottom of the bag, the sides work
well as a strainer for a long time. Cloth strains honey
more perfectly than the finest wire cloth can. AVhen
the comb is uncapped it is to be placed in the Extrac-
tor; although you can extract < ne comb at a time if
you choose, it is much better to have two, as they
then balance eacii other, and the friction is less on the
bearings, tliougli our machines will stand the strain
of the lieaviest combs, one at a time, if need be. Turn
iust fast enough (and no faster) to throw out the hon-
ey, and there will be no danger of throwing out the
brood; you will soon learn this by practice. Combs
so full of brood that there is but little room for honey
had better be left in the hive; there is little to be
gained by working very close, and should the honey
season suddenly close, there is danger of the bees
starving, as we have known them to do, even in July.

If your hives are kejtt close to the ground, and no
weeds allowed to grow around the entrances, there is
very little danger of losing queens while extracting;
yet it is a very good plan to keep them carefully in
mind, and if you should not see them, we think it
a little safei- to shake the combs that contain much
brood, so that the bees fall directly into the hive.
loosing queens while extracting is rather expensive
business.

After the honey is taken from one side of the comb
it is of course, to be turned, and the honey taken from
the other side. Where the combs are very heavy and
the honey very thick, it may be best to throw it out
only iiariially "the first time, and then reverse, to avoid
crushing the comb into the wire cloth by the great
centrifugal force resulting from s\ich a weight mov-
ing at a rapid speed.

It mat be there are valuable features found in the 12 or
IS dollar Extractors, not found in our own, but if such is
the case, we are unable to appreciate them. AVe have
added every improvement suggested that we thought
would prove valuable, all things considered, and yet we
tind no great dilliculty in furnishing them all crated and
ready to ship, for the prices named. Any one who has
carefully studied the m:i,tt('r will see that to make a ma-
chine cai)al)lL' of rei-i'i\ iiig four combs instead of two, will
require an iiierease in s-ize and weight, without very mate-
rially aiding in rapidity of work, among the masses. Re-
versing the combs inside the can, making the inside frame
thre« -cornered, running the machine by gearing or belts
placed under the bottom, etc., etc., have all had their ad-
vocates, but we think have generally been, after a time,
discarded like the rmolving cans. Our friends win rest
.assured, that we shall spare no pains in promptly adopting
any real improvement that may come up. Please do tell
the dimensions ol tht? frame or frames you use, in order-

SMPtiEMElVTS, ETC., F«K THE APIARY.

SPltING BALANCK,

Is shown at No. 15, on the cover, a nice article... ?8 0(1
These scales are maflo weather proof, and when ar-
ranged to suspend a moderate sized colony, may be
left out all summer; as the ligureson the dial are large
and ))laiu, we can sec at a oistance the average yield
of honey per stocU, each day or hour even ; when
weighing stocks lor winter, ihey shorten the work
very materially.

IJEES.

I suppose we might give you . a picture of our bees,
but as they would probably look much like those bo-
longing to other folks, wc iliink we will not. When
wc sell a colony, we give them ten gond <'ombs, and if
they are sent iti a ohaflf hivo, wc furnish the upiser
atorv for com'> or cMracted honey, or for both, as may
be desired. We understand by a tested (jiiecn, (ini;
that produces three-banded workers, reared from an
imported mother. Soii.e say they may not be ))ure
even then. I'frhajis siujh is the tact, but it. U the iiest
we can do. If you want to be sure of absolute purity.
perhai>s yon had better send for an im)iotted queen.
We wil: send one for.ST.W), or will send a colony con-
taiiUng one for an uddiiioa of i:>M\ lo tlie iniccsgtven

in every No. of Gleanings. This will make a colony
of bees with an Imported queen for only $1-2.00. Isn't
that liberal ?

UARRELS FOU EXTRACTEl* HONEV.

■ These are made of the best white oak, and are made
under the supervision of a practical bee-keeper.
They are often used without waxing, but as there is
always a liability to leak, we prefer having them well
coated inside with parafline. To do this, the barrel
should be made moderately warm by standing it in
the sun, or in a warm room for several liours. Melt 4
or 5 lbs. of parafline, and pour it in the bung-hole
through a tunnel : quickly drive in thcbnng, and then
roll the barrel about until every spot is coaU d. If yovi
do not got it to touch every spot, your labor is very
likely all in vain. If well done, the bung should fly
out with a pop ; pour out the remaining parafline, and
your V)arrel is all right. The paraffineismuch cheaper
and it coats the barrel better than wax, because it is
less dense; it also takes a less quantity to coat the
whole inside perfectly. It is not necessary to paint
them, but thev, like everything else, are mire durable
if kept painted. Plain barrel, 82.50; waxed, S3.00;
waxed and i)ainted, $;5 50.

Caution.— A mixture ot wax and rosin was at one time
recommended, but the rosin is sure to taint the honey in
time, and we have now on hand quite a lot of fine clover
honey that will scarcely bring half price on this account.

COMI? FOUNDATION, OK AKTIFICIAL HONEY-COMB.

Those who are still doubtful about the value of this
new article of manufacture for the a])iary, had better
get a small piece and try it for themselves, or try a
single section box, vvhich we send by mail for 5c.
Abundant testimony Irom honey producers— not the-
orists—have, we think, luUy decided the follotving
points. Comb honey l)uilt on Idn. of pure yellow
wax. is so nearly like that built naturally, that no one
would ever notice the difference ; brood combs built
on it are entirely free from drone comb, are straight
and true, and contain considerably more brood in the
same space than natural worker comb, on account of
their mathematical accuracy. With i)ure yellow wax,
we have no fear of any serious troubles in sagging and
stretching, but with i)araftine, ceresin and all «om-
pounds it has been our fortune to experiment with,
there is trouble invariably, and even a very small tiro-
portion of these substances added to the wax injures
it in this respect. Pure white bleached wax looks
pretty, but so far as we can learn is no r)etter in any
respect than the pure yellow ; it is considerably harder
than the yellow, and it is therefore worked slower;
it is also much more li'rible to give comb honey with
thick bottoms to the cells. During a good yield of
honey a sheet of fdn. will be built out so as to contain
eggs and honey in 24 hours, and you can easily prove
that the wax used is that furnished by the fdn. itself
by weighing the sheet both before and after it is
drawn up into comb ; you can also have comb made
from fdn. of colored wax, and it will be observed that
the color is seen to the tops of the cells. Also, if we
give the bees a piece of fdn. unusually thick, they
will use the surplus was to build comb (juite a distance
below the jiiece of fdn. We are prepared to furnish
both white and yellow ; but at this date we are in-
clined to think the white will be little used, for the
reason mentioned. For prices, and price list of ma-
chines for making the fdn., see last No. of Glean-
ings.

nONET KNITES.

We ARE frequently asked why onr honey knives are
§1.00, vvhen good ones are offered for .'iO cents each. It (s
true that a liuiuy kuife will answer about as well for un-
capping when iiiaile with a lilado about half the length of
ours, and it will also ivork as well put hastily into a cheap
wooden hatidlu, as if juit into one made of solid ebony
nicely feruled, like our own. Do you know that you often
take belter care of a smooth, nicely Jinished tool, than you
do of a I'ough cheap one ? Again, ^■ery often during the
Gxtractiiig season, you will need a thiu-b)aded knife long
enough to reach clear down to the bottom of the hive;
this ours will do, and it is m.ado so thin, and of such tine
steel, that it will spring into a straight- bladed knife with
slight pressure, and without injury. Crooked pointed
ki'ivcs. it seemsto us. are a great blunder, and we have
tried in vain to use one ; a knife like ours, that is sharpen
both edges, atid also on its rounded point, oilers every
facility, we think, for nneapping all sunken places in the
combs. Some of our California friends have asked for
knives Iku inn a sli'.;;ht curve the whole length of the
blade, and we llnd this curve can be given any iliiii-bladed
ktdfe, bv simply s;)riuging it with the fingers, uting a
elotli to'prevent being cut. Should you afterwards want
it strciuht, the curve can be taken ous in the same way.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

SECTION BOXES, AM> THEIR rOSITION IN THE HIVE.

The ii'iovc; cut and iho cuts on the cover, will make
ever.v thiii^ plain, almost without explrtuutiou. As we
send ii com pie I e section box willi nice strip of fdn., and
printed directions lor fastening it in the friiraes, by mail
for .5c., we will not attempt any description here. The
cui on the lefi. sliows one of the" broad framts containing
8 sections, and A, A, are tiie ends of the hive. B. B, are
the end strips that arc nailed under the cover of the iiive,
and (;, 0, is the cover itself, before being nailed on to K,B.
E, shows the .shoidder that holds the cover on the upper
stories, while the bevels hold it securely in place, and ex-
clude rain and wind.

THE METAI^ CORIVERS.

^j^\ERHAPS the readiest way of understanding all
Wr^ about these, will be to order a sample frame, which
fe^j we send by mail with a bit of rabbet and sample
transferring clasp, f»r 1.5c. Por the convenience of those
who do not get the idea at once, we submit the following
diagram :

jEnd of hive.

of % board. ■.! of an in

It will be observed that the frame is supported entirely
on knife edses crossing each other at right angles, making
it impossible for the bees to was the frame fast, and al-
most impossible for you to pinch a bee in nutting the
frame down, even if you take no pains at all, to get them
out of the way. We prefer to have the tin rabbet reach up
above the end of the corner as at A, because the Ijees are
so much less disposed to try to propolize the bright tin ;
also when replacing the frames, the corner firms glide
smoothly into place as soon as they strike the rabbet.
The rabbet may be used without the cornets, or the cor-
ners may he used without the rabbet, but neither of
them alone sive us a frame so perfectly movable ; and as
wood is always ariving more or less, they can not hang per-
fectly true. Neither can a fr.amc be slid on the rabbets
up to its place as quietly as when all the bearings are of
metal.

HOW TO MAKE THE FRAMES.

Our frames were first made of strips of straight grained
pine, only i of an inch in thickness, and it is surprising to
^ee how Well such combs have stood. On one occasion a
nvmiber of these heavily filled with honey fell from the
top of a barrel, yet not a corner was injured, and not a
comb broken ; these were Gallup frames, however, only
llJxUJ-. For the Langstroth frames we now make the
too bar about 10-32, and all the rest of the frame 7-32.
,Vdnir, Amewcan, and Gallup frames are all made of 7-32
stuff throughout. The Quinby size may have a J top bar,
hu* the lx)ttom bars might all be nut more than J. were it
no' that the frames ma.v be sometimes used fir transfer-
uiig, and that the weight of the combs would saa; the
bottom bar, which is a very bad feature, if we wish to
work closely and avoid klling bees. The top bars would
not require s-o much wood were ic not that honey boxes
are sometimes placed on them, and it is advisable to be
on the safe side. When we depend entirely on the use of
the extractor, we would prefer a space of half an inch be-
tween the ends of the frames ; but for box honey, small
bits of comb will be built in this space, more than will be
the case if J only is allowed. It requires a very careful
operator to woik fast, and avoid pinching bees, when only
i or I inch is allowed.

The two following cuts may assist some in putting on
the metal corners :

Pig.l. 1 Fig.2-

C

A

Figm-e 1, rei)resents the points ready to Vie closed down
and clinched into the wood, which is represented by the
(lotted lines A. A. Fit;. 2, shows a point badly clinched at
K. and one perfectly (lri\cii down at C. The line 1), shows
the direction in which the linishing blow of the hammer
is to be given ; in fact this blow should ^ink the metal
slightly into the corner of the wood, drawing it up tight
at the side C, and on no account letting it bulge out at B,
nor allowing the point to curl up. A liirht, properly made
hammer and a little practice will enable anyone to make
every point like C. Should you get one done badly, you
can with a pair of plyers straighten it out and make it go
right. The objection has frequently been made that this
takes more time than to ntil them; even if this w<!re so,
we are enabled to employ girls or other cheap help (we
beg pardon ladies, but we never yet saw a community that
did not furnish more or less females, who would be glad
to get some such liali' wurkt, who could not possibly nail
good frames; then after they are done, their superior
strength and liirhtness comijared with nailed frames, fully
make up the ditlerence in price. We will send you a
sample frame by mail, just as we would have it, for 15 cts.,
(American and Gallup size 12 cts.) including sample of
rabbet and transferring clasp and you can test it by the
side of your own frame in your hives. If the nailed ones
do not seem awkward after using it, you, of course, need,
not invest any further. See our price list tor further
particulars.

The metal corners were patented June 18th, 1872, but
we have "repented," and hereby give the invention freely
to our readers. If anyone can make them cheai^er than
we do, we will try to rejoice, because it will benefit the
people.

FOOT POWEE CIRCULAR SAW, AND SCROLL SAW COMBINED.

The above machine is a very handy implement in the
apiary indeed, and as we warr.ant it to cut common inch
pine boards at the rate of 8 feet per minute, line measure,
and other thicknesses in proportion, it will answer to
make f rimes hives, section boxes, and almost every thing
wanted about the apiary. The table can be raised and
lowered for cultins different depths, for rabbetting,
groovinir, joining and other work. Price with two 6 inch
saws, all needed guages. etc., .S35.00 ; with the scroll saw
attachment as given in cut, S40,00. The buzz saws, will
reach through S.'s inches.

10

SUPPLEMENT TO GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apr.

Mmmm^mm^l ^pi

Ol ELECT the pleasantpst spot you have, and
^S have it where you will be likely to cast
your eye on the hives every time you pass
out or in the door. There should be room
enough for the increase of both hives, and
grape-vines for shade, and for 50 hives you will
want a plat about 50 feet square. Place your
flrst hive somewhere near the center, and sup-
port it on 4 half bricks. If it has no bottom
board lay a board on these on which to place
the hive. Now cover the ground for a yard
about, with sawdust, tramped down that the
wind may not blow it away, for we wish to
have you take your first lessons down on the
ground beside the bees. Do not fear they will
object, for after they once get acquainted with
you, they will be just as likely to alight on
your nose with their heavy loads of pollen, as
anywhere else, if it happens to be in proximity
to their door-way. Sit down on the sawdust
beside them, and teach them to get used to be-
ing caressed with your fingers. In a very few
days, the most vindictive hybrids will pay no
attention to your visits, but will begin to ac-
cept them as a matter of course. The only
thing I know of that will make them cross
when once acquainted, is getting a taste of
fitoien sweets, and you must beware of leaving
bits of honey about, that may get them to
robbing, and thus demoralized, for un-
der such conditions they will sting without

provocation and without reason. You should
during these visits, be able to tell which bees
are laden with honey, and which are not, ancJ
you must also get accustomed to the afteruoou
"play spell" that young bees take to try tlieir
wings for the first time, during pleasant-
weather. You should also get acquainted with
robbers; learn their habit of approaching the
entrance and then darting away warily when-
ever any of the sentinels approach them. A
robber is known by his actions, and after you
have once learned their ways, you can detect
them even in the air, on the wing. Here, too,
you will get acquainted with drones, and if in
the proper season, also the queen. If you have
given them a clean nice dooryard, you will set-
their zeal and pride in guarding and taking
care of it, the scrupulous care with which they
remove every dead bee, and even try to pull up
audacious weeds and grass that may presume
to try to grow too near thfir pathway.^ When
you have become thus acquainted with all
their motions, you are pn^pared to transfer
them to a proper hive. Wlien transferred, you
are to place the hive exacts y squai'e east and
west, and exactly level. When you have mad«
a new colony, the hive is to be placed exactly
0 feet from the first, from center to center. In
the diagram above, a grape vine trellis is shown
on the south side of every hive, as something
seems to be really needed for shade.

1877

SUPPLEMENT TO GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

11

Implements, Etc.

MEULF.Y OF OUK BEEKEEPEKS.

Wo are a little surprised tliat this work has had no
5:irfj;or sale, contaiiiinp as i*; does excellent, large photo-
A'raps of both Laiisstroth and Quinby, besides if(KHi sized
^lietures of almost all the prurninetit bee-keepers and
writers for the 15eo Journals. The name of oach is plaiidy
t*rinted on them, and as it contains over l.jO pictures, il;
makes a very pleasant study, especially after having fol-
l.iwoi! these fi lends in their writings as we have ninny of
ihein, for years. Think of havinK a jrood photo of Heth-
-tTinifton, Grinnn, Uooliltle, Knlin, I'rof. Cook, Dadant,
i.>ean, Davis, Gallup, Katie Grimm, Mrs. Harrison. Dr.
Hamlin, Muth, jVellis, Nesbit, Wajtner, Prof. Kirtland,
('arsons, Carey, and eiioufih more to nearly fill this paw,
r-iU sent safely' for oidy ?1,00.

LAMP NUESEKY.

This is simply a hive made of tin, with double wnlls;
the space between the two walls which may be from ii to
1 inch, is tilled with water, and this water is kept at an
••nen temperature of about 100'^ by a lamp under the hive.
The lamp is to be enclosed in a box to avoid drafts, and
llie whole t-hould be in a close room, to save the expense
<i( oil. The tin hive is to be placed a foot or more above
the top of the lamp chimney. When the oil is purchased
by the barrel, tlie experi.se is but little more than one cent
per day. (Jet your fjueen cells on the plan friven on pafj;e
,'*, and when capped over, they may be taken away from
llie bees entirely, and the frame containing them hunsr in
the nursery. If you have followed the instructions iriven,
the queens will all hatch out lone before the workers, and
all you have to do is to jilace them in any queenless hive
or nucleus, as soon as they are hatched. You need not
open the hive to introduce them, but you can just let
them crawl in at the entrance, and the loss will certainly
be no greater than that ol inserting queen cells. You
<'an if you choose, have several combs containing queen
oells in the nursery at the same time, and >vhen we can
have queens hatching every day for weeks, we really en-
}6y the fpn. It is easy keeping a supply of cells on hand,
wlien we once get started, and we do not examine our
nursery often than alwut live times a d.ay. It will be ob-
served that with the lamp nursery, we have no cutting,
Jior mutilating of our nice combs, as we do where we cut
out queen cells. When the queens are old enough to be-
siii to gnaw out, they can easily be heard by holding the
itsiub of cells, next to the ear, and as they are ready to
ieti'oduce as soon as they begin to cut out the caps, they
?iiay be safely taken out with a sharp pen knife, and put
-Ht once where wanted. They sx)metimes kill each other
■when crawling about in the nursery, but not often unless
xbere are bees present. We have found a half dozen or
more crawling about peaceably together on lirst going
<s:\t in the morning, but they would be certain to kill each
other, if left until a few hours older. Price of nurseiy
i«tli lamp large enough to burn several days, S.5,00.

INSIDE OF EXTRACTORS, AND GEARING.

We can if desired furnish the inside of an extractor
oinnplete, including tinned honey gate for 65., but as it is
next to imix)ssible tor a common tin-smith to make a can
just right without cjuc to look at, even could he afford
tiiem at our late retlucetl prices, we think it much better
for you all, to order a complete machine, at least the first
tame. As we can send the gearing complete with the cast
ii"Ou arm to fasten it to the can for 81,50, (.?2,00 by mail),
it may be well to order this from distant localities. With
:» (Inished extractor to look at, and the hoops to go around
the top of the can (single hoops 50c. or §5. per doz.), a tin-
■vmith might make them very well.

We cannot imagine why some of tbe friends insist
that the inside of an extractor must be taken out when
it is to be cle-an^ed, when it is right in its place in the
■oan in the very beet po.'^sible shape, if we simply use
a tea-kettle of boiling water. Give it a good swashing
^>y turning tbe crank, draw off the water, rinse again,
«nd wliat more is needed f During the honey season
there is no need to clean it, if the cover be thrown
over whenever you stop working, and we can imagine
no necessity ol removing ibf. inside unless lor repairs, j
•or that the can may be n.sed for Bom-e other purpose.

CAXDY FOR BEES. i

This is made of A collce sugar precisely a-s confectioners
Tuiike it, only that is not worked as they do usually. For
<tinvenience in using in tiie hives, we make into sticks i
■.•?x2xlO inches, weighing about /^ lb. These sticks an; i
just about right to lay jktoss the frames under the {(uilt j
where the bees will take them very readily. This is ■
perhaps the easiest way in which bees can he Ud. In i
■very cold weather, it shoukl be well covered with warm
blankets, and it is rather nnsaf.': to trust to candy entire-
ly, unless it is given them before se\eTe we-tther that tliey |
may have time to gel a gco<l sliare of it down isiLv) the i
<>ombs. The candy I'lund at the stores will iieihtips do as
well, but it is generally more expensive. Lumps of any |
kit.'d of sugar may be fed in the same way, btil sir® apt to

bo ci-umbled down into the hive and wasted. Maple
sugar in cakes, works beautifully, and cukes made of
coninion brown sugar seem equally ^ood for warm weath-
er feeding ; we have not tried it for winter stores. At the
present price of sugar— He, wo are obliged to charge 17('.
[jer lb. for the candy, but it will be cheaper for y< u all to
m;ike your own if you have the time. Sec How To Make
Catidy in our book list.

I,AR\ K FOR QUEEN REARING.

S[any failures are reported with this, just because it is
ordered from too long distances, or at an u'se.'isonble
time of the yfar. It should bo borne in mind, Ihat if il
is out of the hive more than 48 hours, or if exposed to a
temperature lower than ■'.'0'^, the larva; will be uretty sure
to be dead. If the bees remove it frein the cells, you
may be sui-e it was either chilled or starved. Send to
some one near you who has an imported queen, do not
have the larvic out of the hive more than two days, and
you will be pretty sure to get good nice queens. As soon
as leceivt d, you are to insert it in the centre of n comb in
the middle of the cluster of a queenless colony, and if it is
all right, you will see them starling queen cells around it
at ouve. Of course there must be no other eggs or un-
sealed brood in the hive, but it will b<! a very good idea
to have some sealed brood.

MICROSCOPES.

These are real compound microscopes, and qidte a dif-
ferent thing from the double and single masiiiifying
gl-asses so oftet! called by that name. The one we offer at
■¥3,00, is a very neat instrument carefully packed in a ma-
hogany box, with implements for the work of taking reg-
ular lehsons in the insect world. You will lindwithit,
that a single bee will make a study for a long lime. Sent
by mail for 5.S,15, and if you are not pleased with il, you
can return it at our expense, and the money will be "re-
funded.

FEEDERS.

XotwithPtanding the great number that have been
used and recommended, we really icc! like recom-
mending but the quart can with perforated tin over
the top. It is virtually, a quart pepper box, and a
pepper box will answer eveiy purpose; if you doubt
it jus* pour out the pei)per and try one. You can
teed even sweetened water with this arrangement.
When ttrst inverted, it may be well to hold it over a
dish of the syrup, but it may then be- carried where
you wish, without any loss, if you keep it in an in-
verted position.

On some accounts, we like a feeder made of a bag
of cloth tacked to a strip of wood about twice the
width of the top bar of your frame, but they aie ob-
jectionable because the bees are very apt to build
combs beneath them if not watched closely, and be-
cause we have got to open and arrange the hive for
them, open the hive to fee<l, an<l take them out when
no longer needed. With the tin feeder we never,
need tp open the hive at all, for if placed close to the
entrance just at dusk, they will be found empty the
next morning, and you have no fussing with the hive
and frames. It may be urged that this can only be
done in warm weather, and that the colony must be
strong enough to be s! anding out around the doorway.
We answer, feed candy in cold weather, and do not
have weak stocks that need feeding in warm weather.

HOW TO SEND MONET.

If you do not wish to take any risk of loss, send P. O.
Order, registered letter, or get a N. Y. Draft, but as all
these ways are expensive, especially for small amounts, I
will make a suggestion. Probably not more than one let-
ter in a thousand, is lost in the mail, but to be on the safe
side, we v/ill assume that one in a hundred will be lost.
The cheapest way is to get a Money Order, but even at
the low price of 10 cents, we pay §10. to have the one
hundred letters safe, besides the tiouble of getting ihe
Order. Had you put ^10. in each of the hundred letters,
and lost one of them you would have been no more out of
pocket. This would show that it only pi;ys to ie;.:ister
amounts exceeding .?10. To make it a littlo safer, we call
it •t'S., and we have for years sent all sums of less than .$5..
in the lettei-s, and we have saved in fees, far more than
the amount lost, besides saving our friends who nceived
it, the trouble of getting it cashed. This plan oily ap-
plies to pereons of known integrity, for when the money
is sent, they may if dis!<osed, say they never received it.
If you do not know me, you had better not send me loose
money, for I may be only writing Ibis to get tlie advan-
tage. ' Do you ask wiiy i do not st:ind the loss myself if it
is only one letter in one hundred V I would chcei fully do
this, were I not in dniun'r of doimr harm to make such a
proposal in a public ciitular, for it would be too much
like leating the door to ones store open all night. l-5e-
s-idc;., 1 should have to charge a liifle more for goods, if I
stood atl losses. I woi Id advise all to do bushiess wi«h as
much economy as possible, but when losses come. I think
it best that we each benr our share of them chcei fully.

n

SUPPLEMENT TO GLEANINGS IN EEE CULTirEB,

Avist"

Burnt sugar or candy, is poison Jo th« bees, M' fcO!
in cold weather.

Sheets of fdn. are only to be fastened to tbe top
bar, and should never touch side or bottom bar.

IT is Just fun to make eolonies, rear queens or bnild
combseven during a drouth, if you ean afford the
sugar. ^________

We- consider rubber gloves, or any other for hand-
ling bees, worse than useless; has any one found dit-
ferently ? ^__

You can work nearly twice as fast in' mitrtrjij up
stuft' for brvef^ ami frames, if yo;; have a child tu-aasfat,
by handing the pieces and taking them away.

A Beautiful Expekoient.— &ive a Ratnr.il swarm
a'hive lull of empty combs, and extract the hont-v as
often as the combs are ijlled. The nice part of it \^.
tliat they freqiuently give yow I^IO w»)nh of hancy 'm
iwo weeks after hiving.

Wb find no difficulty with oiw machines in extracf -
ing from new combs partly b-ail^ ev.en/ U they are »i^
tach«d only So- th* toip- bar.

These are' madb purposely for both shippfn^ and mtro-
ducifig. The queen- and bees- are tO'be put into the centraL'
Jipartment, and the ftxxj at both ends. Having two placef*
for the food' that they may be in no danger of starvation.,
even if they are as nkichas two weeks on the vraj. Per-
haps the safest way to frire them- fcwd fs to soak bks of.'
sponge in- hone .V ; the wire-cIOth pfilTtitK>n^^7il^hol'd thesiT
secvireliy. arrl iwever.-t their dnuWng the been. The wh(j!V-
top of the cape siiilps off, so that we i7iv*y qwsrkiy reswnt-
the queen, shoudd the- beea- prove hostilp. There is n«i--
need of haviTig a- (^leen kilted, 14 you are rend'v with »
Q-irinby smoker to give them a put? tire minute thf>,\-'
attack her, Th-e cnees are madte entirely of tin am.^
tinned wire>ciOth,- Jts thev f?o not riwt rea'iilyrth'iy nr;i\'-
be ke(>t for years. Wa cowld not afford to- ninke them at
the Ib-flr price of 1ft;., wore 'A not thnt tift«y are- made o?
sf-rrpa thiit would be alm'ist r.«efess otherwise m oisr
worh-sho|>, and the haTsd^ worki at them d'uring odd sp«lls<-

WMm Mdm'ww.Mmm Mi^©^

The Lawn Hive has the npper story fastened on
permanently, and that the lower Iramea may be re-
moved, the u!)()er story contains 14 placed at right
angle to the lower ones, which are but 10 in number.
The whole hive ts made of thin lumber, the walls be-
ing double, and tiie space between and under the bot-
tom board being filled with chaff. The preparation
for winter being simply to remove the iipper frames,
and replace them with a thick cushion of chaff.
These hives have not been as yet luUy tested for sum-
mer use, although they answer the purpose intended
for wintering, most beautifnlly. For farther particu-
lars, see November and December Nos., Vol. IV.

Sevekal encpiire if we would advise them to trans-
fer bees in the months of June, July, Aug., etc. We
really do not see how we can answer such a question,
not knowing the persons. Among our neighbors,
there are those who would work 80 carefully that they

would be almost snre to strcceed; and, again there urv
others who would be almost sui-e to fa'il. We arc iiv-
cllned to think that those who make those enquiries-
would be (fulte apt to fail, lor the careful ones would
go to work and do it nt any season if tbey were suW;-
ciently ansions to have it done.

My friends ; 1 am clear down to the ?iisrt corner of thr
last piige of my little "tract," and 1 do hops 1 have suc-
ceeded in telling you something yoii an; gl-ul to know, for
I like to help ptro'ple even if 1 do not alw»ys get pay for it.
If I have helped you, you can retin-n the favor by helpiuc
some neighbor, and he some other one, and so on. Mjiy
the Kind Father above bles.s you all, ami may you succeed
with the bnes, and all other iiniocent p:iitimos and ploti";
urcs that surround your homes. Be kitxl and a;ontlo, nof
only with the bees, but with ail aboMt von. and may yrns
all bear in mind who it was th;it said, "In ^i> much as yiu
have done it unto the least of one of these, you have done
it unto me."

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

!>9

f'N the March No. the question was asked how much of
the queen's wing should bo cut olT. Your answer
WHS the ti)) end. The answer i« incorrect, i" will not
answer. I lni\e liuowii them to lly with tin; swanii wlii;n
it was half cut olT. 'i'lie.v some'imes iieL \(iy Kuiall at
swarniiiiff time : it wants cutiins .^u to make a sun' iliiuK.
Ai.BEKT I'OTTKK. Eureka, Wis., March Stl>., Is7".
When a boy, we kept "hens," and if we
clipped t)oth winjis, tliey would fly very well
with a Utile practice, but if we clipped but
one, they would swing round and soon come
down. We have tossed queens up in the air
aftLr thus olipping the tip of one wing, and
they seemed to do about the same way. We
have had them hop a little way from the hive,
but never knew a clipped queen to lead off a
swarm. It may do no harm, to make sure
work of it, but we dislike to see them unnec-
essarily mutilated. That a ((ueen may lead a
swarm away with half of both wings clipped
off, we can readily imagine, but how she can
" paddle " enough faster with a half wing on
one side, to keep up with a whole one on the
other, is beyond our comprehension. Will
other brothers please testify ?

m I • ■ m

HOW MAT^Y BROOD COMBS, AlVD
BUOAD HIVES.

K^OIJ say on page 70, C L. combs for brood chamber is
fll sufBcient in summer in raising box honey. I would
like to see you couiine one of my queens to(i frames
or 10 either at times ; and that brings me to the matter of
hives. I used 2- story L. hives altogether until the sum-
mer of '70, when I made 'i of the 1-story for 20 frames
and last year adopted them altogether, and have no desire
to change. 1 never could confine brood to the lower story
in the fall of the year, and witli division boards, or what
is better, I think, chafT cushions, you do not open so much
space at once as with the 2-story hive. You saj in supple-
ment, Sept., 1S75, the 1-story hive may be regarded as a
simpler hive to manage, in all localities where outdoor
wintermg is considered safe. The past winter has been
called "the c«ldcst iu the recollection of the oldest inhab-
itant" and I had no trouble with the single stories. I
have some with a cushion or small mattress filled with
stripped husks on each side of the bees ; others with the
bees in south end of hive and a division board next, and
others with the quilt tucked down instead of a division
board, which I like best until 1 want so much room the
quilt will not reach the bottom.

Now you have got to using chaff and wintering on sum-
mer stands the long hive ought to just suit you as the
frames can be tm-ned with sides to the entrance and put
chaff cushions all around and then the space directly over
(he bees that you say you can not afford to lose, can be
vised with a hoop between hive and cover. At any rate I
think the "New Idea" best suited to this climate.

G. W. Gates. Bartlett, Tenn., Feb. 21th, '77.
It is an easy matter to get some brood in the
center of each frame, in as many as 10 frames,
or even more, but we do not know as we ever
saw more lirood in one hive than could be put
in G L. frames, if they were tilled clear out to
the sides and up to the top bar, as our friends
Dean and Doolittle have them. The broad
hives do very well, if you are going to raise
extracted honey only, but even for that, we
think with longer experience, you will say the
honey is not stored in the outside combs with
the same readiness that it is in combs directly
over tlie brood. If we use the extractor only
on the combs in the upper story, we shall find

the 2-story hive the easiest to work with, and
we shall be in no danger of having our bees
starve because we have extracted too closely
Hundreds of our readers have tested the broad
hives, and perhaps 9-lOths of them have one
after anotlier, discarded them. If you look
over the back volumes of any of the Journals,
you will see their reports. Turning the combs
around for v.'inter is so much " fussing," that
very few will ever take the trouble to do it.

HOW I?IAIVY KOQS CAN A QUEEN L,AY 7

REPLY TO TOWNLEV.

E REALLY are very much surprised that so
many doubt that a good queen can produce
86,000 living bees at once, and especially friend
Townley. After reading in the A. B- J., a few years
ago, statements made by D. L. Adair, E. Gallup, llos-
mer and others in the West, of queens that would
keep a 4.010 cubic inch hive occupied with brood for

3 months in suceeb.sion, wc were greatly disapiiointed
to find that the best we couhl do was to get only 1,000
square inches of comb kept full of brood for three
months, by the very best queens wc could procure
from any breeders, and we sent for queens to nearly
every breeder in the United States. On an average,
our queens would only occupy 800 square inches ol
comb, and as we did not wish our honey in the brood
combs, but in the boxes, we adopted 9 Gallup frames,
or 1,035 square Inches of comb capacity, as the right
size for the brood chamber, to secure the best results
in box honey. From 200 to 250 square inches of this
comb will contain honey and pollen, with our man-
agement, leaving about SOO square inches as the brood
capacity of the queen. Now, friend T., we have never
said that our queens keijt 8 out of 9 frames filled with
brood, but that they kei)t 800 square inches full of
brood, and that would take but 7 out of the 9, leaving
2 for honey and pollen, and we really have been feel-
ing bad that our queens would average no better.
Many of our queens, by the use of a division board,
will fill the frames so full that there will not be 100
cells to the frame, (say 5 or 6 frames), occupied with
pollen or honey even, so we have brood capped
all along the top-bar and side-bars of the frames,
while the other 3 or 4 will be from two-thirds to three-
fourths full.

HOW MANV CELLS TO THE INCH.

As regards the number of cells to the ihch, we had
measured many times, and supposed worker comb
near enough to call it 5 cells to the inch. But for fear
that we had not tested it thoroughly, we went to our
shop where we had 300 frames stored, all built by
Italian or hybrid bees— we have had no black bees for

4 years— and measured those that had had brood in
them, and we found one or two combs in the lot that
29 cells made just 6 inches. We also found one that to
make 6 inches it took 31 cells, and the rest run from
29 to 31 cells to every 6 inches in length. Wc then
went for our honey boxes, and there wc found quite a
number with just 4it cells to the inch : in fact, every-
thing from 5 cells down to 'iX. We have also had
Italian bees build comb in the bod}' of the hive when,
honey was coming in very rapidly. VA cells to the
inch, but the queen would not readily lay in such
comb. Now, friend Townley, where your bees build
4,^ cells to the inch, is it not when the honey is com-
ing in so that the queen does not keep pace with the
bees, or iu other words, do they not build comb faster
than the queen can occupy it with eggs, and is not the
queen loth to lay in them .'

100

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apr.

WHY THE QUEEN DON'T LAY IN SOME COMBS.

Sach has been the case with us, and that is we thinli
l!u! reason that, we hear so many complain that
i;iicens will not use the I'dn.; i'i cells to the inch is
neither worker nor drone comb, and if the queen
would use it we would not want it, as it would take
just as many bees to keep it warm as it would one
with 5 cells; hence, a waste in hatching bees. If
(!has. Hastings & Son will cite us to persons that have
made such reports as has J. E. Ilcthcrington, J. r.
Moore, A. Grimm, Harbison and others, witli box or
l)ar hives for seasons in succession, then we will give
lip our division boards and fixtures. I tell you, gen-
tlemen, it has not been done, neither ran it be.

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Borodino, X. Y., Mar. Sth, 1877.
We are considerably inclined to think the
trouble that some have had in getting the
queen to accept the fdn., has been in conse-
<iuence of the size of the cells. The reports
from friend Kellogg and Cramer, of the queens'
using them so readily, were from fdu. made 5
cells to the iucli. Will our friends in ordering,
please state whether they wish 4'.,, or 5 cells
to the inch. The latter is probably just what
is wanted for brood combs and will answer
for surplus also, but if the queen really has an
antipathy to the 41.3 for brood, it will be all
the better for the^ comb honey, and it may
have been the reason why we have never as
yet seen a cell of brood in our sections. We
do not know that we ever found any worker
cells measurluii less than 5 to the inch, but we
viid think a piece oi worker comb sent us by
friend I)., was smaller than any our bees ever
make. Come to think of it, we really do be-
lieve he has crowded his bees into sncii small
• luarters with his 9 frame Galhip hives, that
they have gone and made s:naller comb, just
tor lack ot space.

STOCM.S, HOW TO SEI.ECT.

now TO STAKT, Wir.\T TO PURCHASE, AND WlfAT
TO PAY.

for sale in box hives, as a rule, arc not those that read
Bee .Journals, so they do not know the difl'erence be-
tween a good stock- hive and a poor one, and will
make no distinction in price, as all are alike to them.
Now ;tbout the price. Five dollars is about the price
usually asked for bees in such hives during the month
of April, but we have seen swarms sold for S3 and Sir,
that were worth but little more than the honey tliat
was in the hive; and we have seen stocks sold for $3,
that Vv'ero belter worth §20 than others would be as a,
gift. Tlie same holds good in regard to frame hives.
A person had better pay SlO for a hive that has the
frames filled witii strong worker combs, well stocked
with bee?, than have a liivc with comb built crosswise
of the frames, with two-iliirds of that drone comb,
and an old, poor queen, but plenty of honey, given to
him lor nothing. If you send to parties at a distance
for bees, whatever tlie price may be, require of them
a warrantee that the stocks sent shall be in the condi-
tion given above"lbr a good swarm.

G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Borodino, N. Y., Mar. le, 1877.

P. S.— A letter of enquiry enclosing a stamp or pos-
tal, will be cheerfully answered at any time.

We fear our friends sometimes do forget
that it is a severe tax on the time and patience
of a hard working bee-keeper to answer all the
questions sent him on postals, to say nothing
of the expense out. With us it is different, for
it is our business, and those who ask many
questions are usually subscribers, or custom-
ers, so we can afford to buy postal cards by
the "bushel," and keep one or two clerks to
answer your questions. Perhaps it will be
well to send your inquiries to us, and we will
ask friend D. to answer through Gleanings,
that all mav have the benefit.

TESTED, "iVAKKANTKB, ANSJ »OLil>AR
<tUEE.\S.

f

M S MANY of the readers will doubtless purchase
'Cm s'-°^'^s '^^ bees the coming spi ing, periiajjs a lew

' words in regard to selecting. Mill not be amii^s.

A majority of jiersons, especially beginners, are apt j
to think that if a hive is heavy with honey and there i
arc live bees in it, tuch are the ones to purchase, j
vi'ithout any regard to wiiat kind of comb there is in
the frame, or the siz.e of the colony. This is a very
mistaken idea. We will give our idea? of a good
stock, and just sucli a one as we would select if wc
v>'erc purchasing ourselves.

As there are those, at present date, that jiersist in
keeping bees in box hives, and as bees in such liives
can be purchased for leas money than they can in
frame hives— besides, the frame hive might not be to
your liking— we would select box hives, and then
transfer to such hives as suited us. The stocks may
be selected any cold day this month, by turning the
hive over crircfully, so as not to arouse the bees. Ex-
:tmine the combs carefully and eoc that tbey aie all
straight and nearly all worker comb, and there should
be bees in at least 5 spaces, or in other words, the bees
should enclose t combs, and C or 8 spaces filled with
bees would be aU ihe better, with from 10 to 15 lbs. of
honey. If possible select such stocks ar^ caat a swarm
inc previous season, or a .second swar-n, as such will
!i:\ve a young, prolific queen. Persons having bees

iifr- WOULD like to Italianize next stimmcr. Please
IbJI define the difl'erence between "tested," "warrant -
^^ ed" and "d.llar" <iuoeiis. J. II. P.

Franklin, N. Y.

A warranted (lueen is simply a dollar queen
with a guarantee, that if the workers, when
they hatch, do not show three yellow bands, she
is to bo replaced witii a tested queen. A tested
queen is one whose workers have been exam-
ined, and found to show these marks of purity.
Theadvautage of having warranted queens, ks
that they can be sent out as soon as they begin
to lay, while every tested (lueen must be kept
at least 3 weeks. It is a safe operation to buy
warranted queens, because you will have a
tested ([ueen any way after a little more delay,
and if the first is impure, you will have a hy-
brid free of cost ; in fact, you get soiuething
for taking her, for you get her and a tested
queen for less than the price of the latter
alone. Why not always buy warranted queens
then? Simply because you cannot commence
rearing queens as soon as received, as you
could with one that was tested by some reliable
person. Dollar <iueens are defined umler the
standing advertisement of them. When we
get a locality entirely free from black bees, the
^iiree kinds will almost amount to the same
thing, and a dollar (jueen will be all anybody
will want, unless we can get an extra i)rico
for tliose that arc extra prolific, or that pro-
duce extra honevgathering v.'orkers.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

101

From Diifereiit llelds.

'•■ijfj A5I a man upwards of SO years of age. Last spring
4 r h;vd on hand S stands, I increased them lo 3.3
*"*' stands, and i went to the woods; I lost one by
tuoth by my own carelessness. I saved (WO lbs. ol box
iioncy. 1 use a lilvc HxUxKJ outside measure, and
inetal coi-nered frames. The most trouble I have in
working with bees is with my eye* and oars, or in
other words, I am too nearly deaf and blind.

Cakmel Cheney.
J'. S.— I have 4 Vol's of Gleanings put together in
M'parate volumes with a slioemaker's awl and waxed
thread, and I refer to them often.

C. C, Yankee Kidgo, Mo., Dec. 21st, S.

1 have been a subscriber for the past two years, but
tiines are so hard and no sale for honey, (even at 15c.
for nice cap,) I thought I could get along without
♦tLEANINGS or Magazine either, but find 1
can't do it, so send it along for another year. 1 packed
-'•< stocks mostly iu good condition, in chaff, and from
Nov. iOth to Jan. 2t)th, they never had a lliglit at all;
it came off warm and they have had a good cleansing
ilight since. All but oae seems all right, and that on«
was one of my very best stocks. The honey was com-
ing out at the entrauce, and on examination I found 7
of the 8 frames of comb all broken off about 2 inches
i'rom the top, and all the bees dead, smothered in the
»ias?, except about a teacnpful. which were complete-
ly sealed up ir. the hive. Now can you give me the

■luse ? I have studied in vain for one.

RoBEKT Leach.
< apac, St. Ciair Co., Mich., Feb. 8th, 1S77.
We have just had a visit from a Irieud vrho

ias paid Jlitchell $50.00 for the right of his
hive for a single county*, and he is to pay fifty
more. This man did take Gleanings, but
perhaps like yourself, concluded he could not
atibrd it. He says he had never heard of
Mitchell before, and did not know font the
hive he bought was the one used by all leading
')ee-keepers.

It may be rather hard to decide why so many
'•ombs should break down all at once, unless
you closed the hive so closely that the bees got
hot, as was mentioned on page 71 last month,
.nud finally melted the combs down. We have
known this to happen in warm weather, and
with the chaiF we have no doubt that it
might even do the same in winter.

CEGINKEKS, A WAKNING.

The past season has been our first in bee-keeping;
we commence<l with 9 in the old log gum, transferred
Uie first week in May to movable comb hives. From
they we cxtracte<.l 700 lbs, of very nice white clover
honey, aud increased to 20 stands. We extracted our
last on July 2Uh, alter which there was no lioney
stored till September. Had poor success in intro-
•iiiviDg virgin queens, not understanding the business :

' i were lost in their llight ; the result was queen less

-onics and plenty of worms. At one time we had
'■'V.i three queens to raise brood from to keep up all
ri'c colonics, but finally succeeded in getting queens
in all the stands. Our queens were from Nellis .and a
iiortion from Mitchell. We packed with chaff aud
' IX straw, on their sumraor stands; last week we
••ned them to let them have a fly and found :5 bed

■ ■ ^-"d. ) tniolhercd, G short of honey and 10 with

plenty of stores. Most of them have brood in all
stages. It looks as (hough we may be candidates for
Blasted Hopes. liut don't mark us yet, for with the
aid of Gleanings and the A. B. J. to guide us, we
mean to conquer. P. A. Kiegle.

Arlington, O.. Feb. 10th, 1877.

You certainly will get into Blasted Hopes,
if you do not take better care of your bees
than to let them starve, after they have sup-
plied you so bountifully, aud we have given
your letter as a warning to others, who are
just commencing. We hardly understand
about the virgin (jueeus being lost in their
flight, for after they are once introduced, we
should consider them no more liable to get
lost, than a queen of their own raising.

natueal versus aetificial swarming.

I increase by natural swarming and consider that the
best and safest. Had one stand of bees swarm 3 times ; I
hived them all, aud the first swarm threv/ out 3 more
swarms, and the second swarm threw out one. That
makes 7 swarms of bees from one in one summer; but I
ha^•e reduced the 7 to 5 by uniting, and using the extra
queens to the best advantage. Now comes the best of all,
the old stand gave me 10 quarts of box honey— I say
quarts because I cut up and put it in glass jars for my
own use. Bees Italians or nearly pure. By the way, let
me thank friends Oatman & f)o. through Gleanings for
the honorable and satisfactory way they furnished me
queens last summer. Look out for a steroscopic view of
my apiary about next May. A. S. Davison.

AuUville, Mo., Jan. 16th, 1877.

I began the spring with 12 stocks. I got about 20
swarms and 150 lbs. honey; mostly box honey, and
they never sealed it over. What was the cause, were
they too cold .' I tried to prevent swarming by cutting
out all queen cells, but I failed. Only 2 filled their
sections, and they were covered with quilts. I have
made a lawn hive and it looks nice. I have not the
scroll-work, but made it of 0-inch boards, it looks like
siding. I have about 200 sections started with comb,
but no honey. I sowed a patch of mignonette which
stands a deal of frost ; also rape, which I sowed on my
onion patch last tall. It kept in blossom till Nov. 30 ;
it stands a freeze that makes >4 in. ice on water, and
blooms 6 weeks after all other honey plants are gone.
Bees worked on it all the time. A. Fiddes.

Centralia, Marion Co., 111.

I put 70 swarms in good condition into winter quar-
ters, and have not troubled them yet, as I think too
much "fussing" is not good in cold weather.

James L. Gray.

Brockway, Minn., Jan. 23d, 1877.

I have 36 stocks this winter ; had 24 to commence with
last spring ; some of them were weak. I got over 1400
lbs. of box honey and about 600 lbs. of extracted. Raised
a good many queens, sold several swarms and three or
four left to hunt a home of their own. I have about 1000
lbs. of box honey yet, where is the best honey market iu
my reach ? Could you give ine the name of some good
honey merchiuit in Pittsburg ? Tnos. S. Holsingee.

Six Boads, Bedford Co., Penn., Feb. 27th, 1877.

Will some one tell us who is at present buy-
ing honev in Pittsburgh ?

Bees did well here last year. I had six stands in the

spring, increased them to 17, took over 100 lbs. of box

honey from them, and sold it at 20 and 2.'5c. per lb. My

Jiecs have all wintered v.-ell so far on their summer stands.

J. H. ?!k v)r:s. D.-catnr, hid., Feb. lOth, 1877.

103

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apr.

Which is the best mode of raakinj? ar tiQcial swarms :
by dividing, oi- on the nucleus system, and which is
the most profitable and surest ? Geo. Dokmise.

Careyville, Oharapaigu Co., O., Feb. 12th, 1877.

Make your Ducleus in a full hive with two
oi' moi'e combs, and as soon as the queen be-
gins to lay, build the colony up with brood
froH3 the old one. Beware you do not get loo
many weak stocks on your hands at the ap-
proach of winter, if you practice artificial
swarming.

Can two-story hives be used to advantage where a
frame 13^x10^ is used? Also, what is the greatest
depth of frame that will admit, with profit, an upper
story ? Can you inform your Southern subscribers if
the bassw«od will grow in the South, and where the
trees can be secured ? W. B. CoitKKTT,

Yorkville, S. C, Feb. 14th, 1877.

We have used frames a foot square for two-
story hives, but the bees, unless the colony is
very strong, seem loth to go up so far. We
prefer the L. frame on that account to any-
thing deeper, but very good results may be
obtained with others. Basswood will thrive,
we believe, anywhere in the south.

All the stocks of bees (70) that I packed on all 5i<les
with ohafl", are in tip top cyder; hare not lost one to
date, while of those with chaff only on top and one
side, in long hives, (70) I have lost 9, and these were
the big, "Galluping" swarms, that would "winter well
enough anywhere." J. H. Townley.

Tompkins, Mich., Feb. 27th, 1»77.

The chaff hives are certainly ahead in our
neighborhood.

Farmers around here say I am making more money
with less work, with bees, tlian they witb their farms.
I tell them to wait until I get more bees, and then we
shall see, but I fear they over estimate the business ;
will have to get Ueddon to talk to them.

J. II. MARTIN, Hartford, N. Y., Feb. ."Jth, 1877.

PAPER HONEY BOXES.

I will state what I have done in the way of improv-
ing the boxes for surplus honey. I think it is original.
It consists of a strip of hard bi-istol board cut across
with tho point of a sharp knife and bent at right an-
gles, and pressed into the box, and a piece of comb
stuck on for a starter. As soon as filled I remove the
boxes and press the cardboard frame out with the
comb and honey, which gives me the wooden boxes to
replace at once. By so doing I need but one set of
wooden boxes to a hive, as the honey is sealed in these
paper boxes. You might state this to our brother
apiarists, for their examination.

Alden Bradeokd, Tiverton, R. I., Feb. :], 1877.
We have thought of the paper boxes, but
they would be more expensive than the piue
we use, and not as strong. The plan of push-
ing the frames into the honey box, amounts to
about the same thing, as the way we now man-
age. By putting 8 in a frame, we are enabled
to use upper and lower stories all alike, where-
as, we sliould need some extra box or case, did
we adopt your plan, besides the trouble of get-
ting oft' boxes, compared with just lifting out
a frame that is suspended on a strip of metal.

Last year we had -lO stands, lost all but two. Increas^^d
to 'M. Would your box hive men like to know how I clid
it ? If so, say so. Dk. C. M. Joslix.

St. Charles, Mich., Feb. 17th, 1877.
If you mean that you increased two to 34 ii?.
one season, of course we all wish to know all
about it. We should call it one of the impos-
sibilities, even if you had all the nice com!>s
and honey you could ask for, and we might al-
most say queens too.

Your sections worked well last summer, and I now miikc-
the nicest 4 lb. honey box out of those strips I have ever
seen. Take 20 and if they are properly put together the
sides and bottom will be ti?ht, tlie two ends open, and in
top there will be three slits to put in fdn. Now set three
in a row (9 will go on a hive) and glass both ends, am!
you will have all the advantages of a 12 lb. box. Tin:
sides prelect so that when two boxes are put end to en 1
there will be an opening for the liees to get in.

A. F. STAUFrEK Sterling, 111., Feb. 9th, 1S77.

My neighbor, Mr. Alfred Hart, g«t a hive of bees late in
the fall witlioat stores, and on being told that but littlr
could be done for them concluded to experiment. 11 1^
made a glass case, ])ut the hive in it, and set it in tin"
kitchen in front of a south window and fed them on sugar
syrup outside of hive. They flew inside of the case and
went back to the hive without difficulty, and have bucn
raising brood all winter. So far they seem in good con-
dition. If you wish to be bothered with it will report
further in regard to the case. W. O. Atkinson.

Vermont, 111., Feb. 23d, 1S77.

Please report farther by all means. Have
not a great many of the bees died? And do
not they soil the case iuside when they flyy
Please tell lis how large the ease is and how
far they are allowed to go from the entrance.

Bees are doing splendidly up here in Northern Mich-
igan. 1 commenced 3 year ago with 4 swarms and
now I liave -13, and have sold about 20 swarms.

Leonauo Kked.

Orono, Osceola Co., Mich., Feb. 24th, 1877.

extkacteu versus comb honey.
Now 1 desire to run my bees for extracted honey
exclusively the coming season, and have only a par-
tial stock of combs. From all the reports I have seen,
and not fully decided as to the safety of depending
upon fdn. for this purpose, I want your advice upon
the subject. How would I fasten them into old
frames ? Am retailing considerable honey in the oily
and find I can sell ICO lbs or more of extracted at 20c..
without packing, to 1 lb. of comb at 25c., while 4 year-^
ago the reverse was the case. I think we honey
raisers are greatly indebted to friend Muth for hi-
persevering and successful eflbrts in establishing a
market for pure machine-extracted honey.
M. Nevins, Cheviot, Hamilton Co., O. Feb. 18, '77.
No one has complained of the fdn. for combs
to be used in the extractor, we believe, and
you can calculate on having honey in these
i new combs in 4^< hours, if put between two old
i combs. If we can produce combs that the
I queen wilLccrtaiuly not use, it will be aspleii
did thing for using with the extractor, and
j perhaps those made on cloth, may be just what
j is wanted.

Sjiring dwindling has reached this northern land—
or something else that makes it dillicult to keep bees
through the winter. Wo liope you will keep us jjost-
cdinthe latest improvement;;. Would like to hear
how rb." hot-house arrangement gets on. Would it
not be good here where we have nearly six months ci
wint(!r and no joke about it?

Hugh H. McLatchie, Templeton, P. Q.

Hot houses, or anything else that disturb-,
the bees before spring weatlier, we think liuvr
proven failures.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

103

XATPEAL VERSUS ARTIFICIAL SWARAIIXG.

Last spring I had S w^ak swiinns of Ii.vbnd bees. They
Miereased by iiaUirji! swimiing to m hives and one artili-
(•it\i swarm. I Italianized > swarms. I had one hive that
Micreased to <), aiid gtive considerable honey; all have
hnmy to winter M'ell; I ^vinter on summer stands ; our
reasons are so uncertain that it is not considered safe to
JiK'rease by artificial swarming. Some of my neighbors
iiad large apiaries in the spi-ing of Ti; thoy had an im-
(lorfect idea of arti/jcia! swarming, and commenced di-
viding; a severe drought followed and almost all of their
iK-es were lost I have known m^v bees to raise and kill
drones some 3 or 4 times in one season aiid then not
^^varm. I think I shall pn-efer tiatural swarming ; I like
;iu' excitement, I have a florist's plant (Bocconia J.apon-
•■t) that IS hardy a?id increases by root runners, that the
■^ees faa-jy swarm upon from July to frosts. It can be in
■leased, runs fast and I thiiik it woiUd pay to raise for

*' aiaton. Mo., Feb. Olh. 1877. ^^ ^^ ^''''^''•

If you can iucrease from 1 to 0 by natural
; warming, it seems rather queer that artiticial
.licrease is risky in your locality, friend B. On
the contpiry, we should say your locality was
a splendid one. If your 9 were all provisioned
.or winter without any feeding, you should
have made about 12 from 1 with artificial
swarming, at least that is the theory. If the-
ory and practice do not agree in the matter it
were well to and it out.

of the frames ; also, a friend asks why wood-
veneer will not do for separators ; simply be-
cause the bees will attach comb to it so much
more readily than to the tin, and because wood
always warps m a bee-hive.

INTRODUCING QUEENS.
Most writers tell us (do they copy from one another
or give the result of careful experiment.') that thJ
liive should bo left queenless 48 hours , and then the
queen be caged in the hive another 48 hours before
she Is released. Charles Dadant, on the contrary.
(3I;iy, '7«, pp.179,) says the queen should be introduced
as soon as the old queen is removed, before the bec^
have ascertained their loss. If Dadant's method Is
equally safe, it is certainly piefcrable to the other in
the matter of saving time and trouble. Let us hive
this subject ventilated. jas. H. Parso.ns

Franklin, X. Y.

We would agree with Dadaut, so far as to
. ut the caged queen into the hive as soon as
the old one is removed, and if more convenient
we often do so before we have found time to'
remove the old one. If anyone thinks it ad-
vantageous to wait 48 hours, or any other
length of time, please let tiiem give their
reasons. ^

MOVING FOU nETTEK TASTUKAGE.

I commenced in the spring with 13 stocks in pretty
tAii- condition, and with the help of some 20 or 3u I " '"" ''"■' '^'J ^veu, as we otten get 75 or 80 lbs of
ir.>imes ol old comb, and one small swarm of blacks ^''''''^ ^™"' O"® box hive, without any honey boxes at
wnich I boi^ht. I increased to 42, besides loeing .5 fine I ''"' -'"^^ ^^ t"'^*"? off the lid and cutting out the honer

' ntiri 1/ifffii*^ ^v. „ .till ^_ 1 . '

There arc some of my neighbors who begin to feel

an interest in bee-keeping, though they often say

humbug." Frame hives are a new thing here, so are

Italian bees. I don't know how it will pay, but think

It will pay yery well, as we otten get 75 or 80 lbs of

•swarms, which went to the woods on account of not
i'omg watched closely; my bu.siness preventing me
n-om being with them all the time. I extracted! 1200
U.S. ot linden honey, and took 100 lbs. of fall honey in
Mnall boxes. It pays well in this place to move bees
out on the prairie, about 10 miles from here, ou the
1st 01 August. I put my bees in the cellar on the 1st
<>i Dec, where they remained until the 27th of Jan
M hen I let them oat for a fly. The weather has been
i<ne here ever since, and they are breeding first rate
no^T. By the way, friend Gormlcy, can't you tell an-

! and letting them fill and cut again, &c. Z. D. H^RRiLif
I Mooresboro, Cleveland Co., N. C, Dec. Sth, 1876.

RIPENING HONEY.

We hnd .57 colonies of bees last spring. Extracted IGOO
bs of honey, 1000 lbs. of clover and linn, and the balance
tall honey. I guess you will ha^e to put us in the columu
of Blasted Hopes, ^-ot that wc don't think we can pro-
dyco houey, but getting it on the market in good condi-
tion IS just what bothers m at this time. We extracted
1000 lbs. of clover and Hun honey between June 25th and

oth^r "1 So- .^i, „ ,: ■" ""*" " •*"" ^^'^'- ^»- """ '"■^- "' Clover ana iiun honev between June -"ith nnri

dots weeL?"''^' "'' "'''''■^' v."^f^- "5 '^^^ '^'^'^ .'"?'f*"- ^^ '''^^^ -'^ -- ^^ ^--tiyt;: the bb,:!

inuopendence. Mo., Feb. lOth, 1877.

VIRGIN QUEENS, INTRODUCING THEM

> OU want friend Sayles to tell you how he introdu
ces nis >agc-d" virgin queens, ^ow I warn you that it
^■•11 do you no gooO, for although I have seen him do

reiHJatedly and he has given me instri/.fir.r,o L- . - - •^-j. ^v. <^iiix w;.iuu. as inis was our

-.ough to fil, a small volume, ! have ZealT2l on "bH "'f , ""''''' ^""^"^ =* ""''^ '^''^ ^' ^'-^ -"«*
Mv h^«. o„„.. -, ""^" ^^" *<f "««• I one bbl. out and commenced to put it into 3 lb. fruit iars.

and bunged it up tight until a few days ago when the
thermometer got a little too low to be good for some can-
necl frujt we had in our honey house. So we set a kettle
of live 1-re coals in to raise the temperature a little, but it
r.ever got above 10. The nest we noticed was the white
honey running out between nearly all the staves. We
ha<l the bbls. well painted and waxed. As this was our

a^> bees averaged 70 lbs. of honey to a swarm and 23

1 e^^. Pf ^' ^^'^'■'^- TI'C honey, was at the rate of 4
•I'S. extracted to 3 of comb. Beos
«nd none Uead as yet.

l-liOl-OMS, TIN VEHSUS WOOD.

am'^!!!^!'!'"^^^^-'^-^ ^'-P^ of tin on the

good shape now

We filled all we had and stopped for a short time, and
went into the house considerably elated over the nice
wlute granulated honey, thinking bow the people iwould
Iikeil. After awhile, said I, "Hark! what is that blo'w--
in;- .-- ^^ e looked in our box where we had set our jars of
honey, and erery one was boiling over. We were not sat-

s-abbetawifhf I. >••,*' ^^ "' "" 0" LiiG houev

^ang on P V^^ T^ Z^Z::^^^::^ ;r ' - - <•- ^- mo. jars and " exp.e;r';h;m Zl

Now don-t say get metal corners as wa^^ \t fo Ipl ST " T"'"'"'''^ ^^'°" ^^^^^^"^' -^' °- °^ ^'^-^^^

<- iramcs now in use that I can't put he coined on m? 'r"' ^"^' ^" '^'"^ " '''''' '^^"^•^ '^"'^ been aired

J. Kekn 1.0.GLA.S, Neosho, Wis. Mar. th ^7 "■ t t S^7''V'"''^^'"^'^ '''^'^ ""^ ^™^''^=«- ^"^ -^"^n't

There is certainly no need of <.,^!^l]u ^'•■•" ^"«''- <'i° f'-^^oro^ti^e honey?

corners unless yL wi h bi?t ou genSs ' If '"■-'• '''^^"^" "" ^"^•' ^^^^ ^™"^^-'' ^O"
Huiuld ail learn that bees propo be wood mS l- f^'^o"l• ^P^'^-^^^ion that the honev was ex-
-orsetha.thoydo tin ; ^or tlft r?So^ wc ' woxdd^^^ ^"^ ^^^" scaled reven thts

'""■'U'avethetin come up above tiren^s nn?^^^^^^^^^^^^ jou

enus .not .(bed your b:!rre!s quite full, and left the

104

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apr.

buugs loose. We, at one time, had the honey |
ooze out at the bung of a barrel until it seem-
ed as if we were going to get a small pail full
each day, all winter long. After a while it
seemed "satisfied" and "behaved." Leaving
the honey in an open vessel protected from
flies and dust, until it becomes ripe, in no way
injures its flavor, so far as we have had expe-
rience, but cannot the bees do all this cheaper
and better than we can ? If we are correct,
perfectly ripened honey, neither candies nor
oozes out of the jars and barrels.

My bees come out and fly, and as soon as they dis-
charge, J of them seem to die in a minute or two ; the
snow is black with them. I use tlie American, Qnin-
by, and common box hive with a drawer in the top ;
these are elevated J ol' an inch from the stand. The
air circulates under the bottom and through a
small ventilator in side of the drawer. The bees in
these box hives are the strongest I have. One good
swarm in October in the Quinby hive is dead.

H. S. Bowman, Rollin, Mich., Jan. 30th, 1877.

The complaint mentioned, seems to come es-
pecially from your State, and we fear your
large crops of "fall honey have something to do
with it. Leaving the bottom as you mention,
is very apt to make trouble, unless the colony
is very strong, and they are in very old, tough
brood combs. This latter point makes quite a
diflerence, and we imagine those old tumble-
down hives, so often mentioned, winter well,
mostly on account of their very thick, warm
combs.

I put into winter quarters 18 swarms, all in 8-frame
L. hives. Made a box or bin 28 ieet long and 31 in.
wide, 2 boards high on one side and 3 on the othej-,
cutting slots in the sides to correspond with the en-
trances of hive making, 9 or. each side. Put the bees
in alter cold weather came ; putting chaflf round and
over them two or three weeks later, as the roads were
so bad I could not get it hauled. I removed the honey
board bciorc putting the chafl' in, putting cloth in its
stead, bags, pcices ol" horse blankets, etc. They did
not have a chance to fly until Jan. 27th. And that
time I found that one swarm was dead, with lots of
honey. You can guess the reason— dysentery— the
rest to-day are very lively, and are carrying water,
and appear to be in good condition. Isn't spring
dwindling caused by the bees not rearing brood
enough to take the place of the old ones ?

John Ckowfoot.

Bloomingdale, VanBuren Co., Mich., Feb. 11, '77.

No. Weak stocks that raise brood earliest,
usually dwindle most.

FOUNDATION MACHINES.

The machine turns out fdn. as perfect as any I have
]iurchased. To any one desiring such a machine, I
can say, I know of none that will do more perfect
work, and I know of none cheaper. It is easily run
and with a little practice a person can run ofl' sheets
in a few hours, that will furnish a large apiary. Some
who understand machinery better than I, think it
costly— also think it a defect that you do not put two
sets of cog-wheels instead of one- -just like the im-
proved washing machines. I simply mention this
but do not care now to decide, as use will demonstrate
the matter. J. VAN Eaton.

York, N. Y., March 6th, 1877.

If there arc mechanics near York, N. Y., or

anywhere else, who can make a pair of rolls

that will work together as perfectly as tho^e

we send out, for $30.00 or less, they should

come out and let their light shine, by all
means. If the machine works perfectly as it
is, why add more machinery to it ? We have
carefully considered all the points mentioned,
and would make no additions, even could they
be put on without expense.

Please state some of the ways bees are put out to
be cared for, or let by the year. What is a half interes-t
bees? Hakrison Ward.

Athol Center, Worcester Co., Mass., Feb. 9, 1877.

To let out bees on shares, you should hand
them over, say the first of May, and the person
who receives them is to do the best he can
with them, returning the original stock an'',
half the honey and increase in the fall. If
new hives, queens, etc., are to be purchased^
each one of you should bear half the expense.
This will do for a general rule but if the stock
is all in box hives and has to be transferred,
then arrangements will have to be made to
suit the case in question. Perhaps we should
say that the custom like many other things,
is just as the parties can agree, but we would
advise you to have it well understood, as di-;-
agreemeuts and dissatisfaction sometimes
comes up.

WIDTH OF SECTIONS, SEPARATORS, AND COLLARS
FOR WABBLING SAWS.
I think the fdn. as nice as it can be; couldn't desiru
anything nicer. 1 like the hive very much, but think
the sections too wide, unless used with tin separator;^.
I have tried sections from !}< to 2 inches wide, and
those l}4 ill. wide gave best satisfaction. For conve-
nience in handling I would prefer sections loose-Sit-
ting, but suppose you prefer them close-fitting, to pro-
vent the bees from glueing the edges. Doesn't it in-;
jure a saw to screw it up between two wedges, by
throwing it out of true, or warping it? The hole in
my sav.'-table is just large enough for the saw to run
in; should I set the saw wabbling I would have to
make;the hole larger ; would doing so render it unlit
or inconvenient for ripping ? Isaac L. Parkek.
McMinnville. Warren Co., Tenn., Feb. 20, 1877.
We are more and more inclined to think that
the separators will be .used, for unless they
are, there is pretty sure to be a muss witti
broken honey now and then. If they arejustd,
we can lift oil' a whole upper story at once and
send it to market immediately without even
so much as looking into it. If there are un-
filled sections, the retailer can send them back
in the hive, or rather, he need take out only
such as he chooses. Those that are left will
; be exactly in the right place to be filled the
next season. Or, if you wish to extract the
honey from the unfilled ones, you can do it
Avith a whole, frame at once, the separators
will not hinder.

It does not spring the saw at all to screw it
up between the wood collars, if they are flat
and smooth. You must raise up or i'emo\ e
the usual table top, for it would injure it very
much to cut so large a slot in it. Have extra
tops for this work, with permanent gauges ou
them for each particular kind of work.

TEA.CmNGSOK GLEANINGS ONEXTRACTED HONK'*
On p. 11, current volume, you mention the superior-
ity of honey left in the hive until it is perfectly sealed,
and yet on p. 49 you speak of extracting every 3d day,
and do not say that this latter practice is in any w:iy

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

105

objectionable. Is it not the olVoring of this 3rt ciay
honey lor sale, that has brought pxtractcd honey into
Uisreputc.' My ;id day honey woulri not need an ex-
tractor lor emptying the combs, turning such as would
bear it on their side and giving a Jorli would throw
all out. I have seen honey offered for r,ale, which 1
supposed was some of this 3d day sttifl", that looked
iike honey and water Imperfectly mixed.

liKiAR, Ontario, Canada.
I'. S.— I frequently see that pcoi)le say they let their
liees out to have a dy, on warm days in winter. How
is this done ? If I were to attempt it, my bees would
alight on the snow, and never rise again.

Thank you friend "B." for showing up our
apparent inconsistency. If you use a small
single story lilvc many of the patented ones,
■> our bees will have every cell tilled in 3 days
iuringagood season, and what then are you
to do if you do not extract ? Again, there are
localities, and seasons when the honey seems
thick and nice, almost as soon as gathered,
and l^rof. Cook is among those who say they
tind no trouble with honey extracted before it
is sealed. During a dry season, wo can ex-
tract every 3 days, and get fair honey, but du-
ring a wet season like the two last, it may
take 10 days or more to have it ripened so the
hees can cap it. Now right here comes in the
importance of having hives that cau be piled
up 3 or even 3 stories high. If the honey
above is not ripe we cau raise it up, and put
•in empty story uuder it, and thus give ample
room, and ample time for capping either comb
r extracted honey. Lifting a whole story
liid putting a new one under it, is very <|uick-
y done, even if a body be ever .so busy.

\Vc should uot think of taking bees out iu
],e wiuter, unless the weather was so warm
iiey W'Ould be sure to return safely, and not
•ve'n then, unless they were very uneasy.

I think I will be able to sell a number of extractors.
The parties I sold to last season are well pleased with
iiiem. Chaeles Pool.

(/arthage. Mo., Jan. *7tli, 187".

KASTENING BEES IN THEIR HIVES, ITALIANS,
WHITE COMB HONEY, ETC.
I must tell you about some of my chaff hives. I
Slacked several last fall, as Townly and you advised.
>«ome of them are weak in bees and stores, and one
has the dysentery. I tried to lasten them up because
Uiey all tried to fly out, but that didn't do any good,
'.!'r you might as well try to fasten up rat?. They
Nvould gnaw holes in the quilt and get into the straw.
!'iobably thisis not a good test. I think the idea of
iiafl' packing is all foolery. I will never try it again.
use 10 different styles of hives, frames and boxes.
i liiink the extractor don't pay, when I get -ilc. for
honej'. box comb, 6 lb. boxes. One thing about Ital-
ians; I have found out, they fill the cells loo full of
hdney, and it gives lt.!-^fdark color, is not that so ?

Hardin Haines.

Vermont, 111., March 7th, 1877.

We are not at all astonished that you think

■'lutfall foolery, and that extracting don't pay,

:!id we shall expect you to call the entire

•:'siu<^S3 a hurabng very soon if you persist in

istcning j-our bees in their hives to cure them

r the dyseutery. Perhaps a few more kinds

;' hives, might help the matter, especially in

■'•■• hands of a beginner. Wc have ncv-v ;•-■.

yet seen any symptoms of dysentery among
bees in the chaff hives, but very likely bad
stores might produce it. If bees try to go out
of hives placed out doors, we should let them
get out by all means even if they did die. We
think of no circumstances where we should
undertake to imprison tliem, unless they
were to be moved, and then we would fasten
them in just as short a time as possible. You
may be right in regard to Italians producing
comb honey that has a darker appearance than
that produced by the blacks. The latter
sometimes cap the honey when the cells are
not (iwite filled to the extreme top, and the
capping having nothing directly under it,
looks very white, while the comb honey made
by the Italians, being tilled with honey clear
up against the caps, will have a solid leady
appearance. It seems rather hard to blame
the Italians for giving full measure as far as
they go, just because the imperfect work of
their dark cousins looks whiter. Will have
to give you credit for first mentioning this
matter friend H., even if you have sadly abused
your siclf bees and then laid it to the chaff.

FASTENING BEES IN THEIR HIVES, AND A "CORN-
CRIB- HOUSE- APIARY."

I have put all my bees in a room in my barn, and in-
tend to keep them there the year round. The ques-
tion is, shall I leave the entrance to the hives open so
they can get out doors, or keep them fastened in dur-
ing cold weather. J. Woodbury.

Huntington, Mass. Jan, 10 1877.

If you were very sure to be on hand to let
your bees out whenever it was warm enough,
it might do to fasten them in, but judging
from the way most people do, we should say
do uot fastan them in at all. You can if you
choose, close the entrance so but one bee can
pass, and this will probably answer all prac-
tical purposes as well as closing them entirely.
Be very careful that they do not get out into
the barn and get tangled in webs and on the
windows, or you may lose a great many in a
very little while. At present we are much in-
clined to think a house apiary should be open
like a barn or corn-crib, having the hives well
packed with chaff, but the room perfectly open
aud w^ell ventilated. This would do away
with all dampness in wiuter, and would keep
it cool and slmdy in summer. Who will try
one ?

You have, we think, now hit the nail squarely on
the head; and if Disston cannot furnish a splendid
saw, and then astonish the natives by his printed il-
lustrations, we are no judge of the matter. However,
if you have unfortunately lost the proper pito7i. of the
teeth, you want Holly to assist you in finding it.

D. P. Lane.

Koshkonong, Rock Co., Wis., Jan. 1, 1877.

Bee business is playing out with some here, but I
think I will try to hold on to it a v/hile longer. I had last
fall about ICO stands, and sold over 3500 worth of
honey, and kept some for my family and bees. It has
paid me better than any other business I ever engaged
In. I bought 2") stands in L. liives for which I paid
SKO. I would like to have 500 at that price.

P. J. Afflkck.

Cerryvi'Jr, Clark Co.. Va,, Jan. 27, 1S77.

106

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Ape.

I am an old man but a young bee-keeper, wlio has all
to learn. Most things in Gleanings are unintelligible
to me just now but I may improve. Were it not for the
distance I might get your materials, as it is I must blund-
er on. I cannot make a frame that I can take out. Per-
haps I may do better with Quinby hive, I -will try. We
have bnt little winter here, only December and January.
In February bees make comb in surplus boxes. Last year
was a strange one, in February bees worked well, then,
hibernated till July. After that they did well I sup^wse,
for I took 100 lljs. of box honey from 3 hives. We had a
71 day's drouth in this interval. My bees are the com-
mon black bee of the country, and allow the moth full
liberty— hence the need to transfer often. I suppose n)y
only way is to read and feel my way to more skill and
knowledge; J. B. Norm.vnd.

Houston, Texas, Nov. 1876.

You certainly will require more skill to
har.dle a Q. frame, than the ordinary suspend-
ed ones. The Italians will take the moth
troubles, entirely off your hands.

affected them. I have wintered them or part of them s. >
for several winters. Let the banking remain vmtil tin-
middle of May or Iriter if need be. Be sure not to take ii
away until the weather is warm or it will set them hncV .
My bee-yard is drifted full ; what will cause tlie snow
to melt off so I can set them out by the middle of ]\Iarch r
Wm. H. Balch, Oran, N. Y., Feb. 10th, 1S77.
If you recommend leaving the earth about
the hives until May, we cannot see why yow
should wish to get the snow away in March ;
whv not let them alone ?

SIZE OF BROOD APARTMENT AND SPREADING
THE BROOD.

You recommend 10 or 11 frame? to a hive. My hives
have S frames, 18 jj bj- 10, only 6 of which are used by
the queen. My best hive was filled to its utmost
capacity, having 124 lbs. of honey exclusive of top
boxes. If 6 frames will do this, will 10 or 11 do as
much more in proportion ? I object to having more
frames than arc necessary. The question is, how
many are necessary to give the best results ? In the
spring I expect to find all the outside frames lillcd
with honey. Will it be expedient to remove these
outside frames and put empty combs in center of hive
to faci'itiite brood rearing? I left 3 double-width
hives on their summer stands, having G inches of chalT
on the two sides and 6 inches all over the top, with a
lock of hay against the north end, held in place by a
Hat stone, and a lock of hay over the entrance, kept
in place by a shingle. The weather has been very
colli and windy since the middle of Nov., but Feb. 1st
being warm I opened the entrances. A few of the
bees came out, but did not speck the snoWin the least,
and I conclude they are all right. The bees in the
cellar, with no upward ventilation, murmur some, but
they do not fly out, and so far as I can perceive, are in
good health. J. H. Pakson.s.

Franklin, N. Y., Feb. 2d, 1877.

According to Doolittle, 4 or 5 frames the
size of yours, are all that an ordinary queen
can use, and we think G would be a great plen-
ty. If we are right, 10 or 11, would do no
good, but rather harm. We would remove the
outside frames and put in their place chall
cushions to facilitate brood rearing. We are
not satisfied that spreading the combs is an
advantage, if there is plenty of room at all
times to store the honey. This is a matter on
which we need some careful experiments.
When bees will fly without spotting the snow,
we think them in the best possible condition.

Will you or some of the readers of Gleanings inforn?
me how many acres of the following bee plants will am-
ply supply 100 colonies? Buckwheat, Rocky Mountain
bee plant, mustard, rape, catnip and white clover.

Joseph Dunn, Bryantsville, Ky.
It will probably be a hard matter to decidL-.
We will suggest 10 acres of each ; this wouliJ
make a very fair "Bee Farm." Let us hear
from others.

UURYING BEES ON THEIR SUMMER STAND8.

I agree with you as to the value of clnilT to pack bees in ;
it is urst new to me, have vised it with good success in-
doors and out. The best success I ever hail with outdoor
wintering was this ; I took off the honey board, laid 3
.sticks across the frames, filled the cover with tine straw
and chalT, then banked them up as you would bury jiola-
toes except in front, and let them lly at jjleasure. They
never came out until the air was warm enough for thi^ra
(,: |!y ■••m\ ;•. ■ rrn. A scorching sun and chill wind >;••> ir

I have had a foot power saw rigged up. I can get up ;(
sj)eed of about 1200 revolutions per minute almost instant-
ly. It runs with ease and does all kinds of work con-
nected with bee hives, section boxes, etc. perfectly. It !>■;
quite different from any foot power saw I ever yet read of.
I may perhaps send yon a description of it som.e time.
M. V. Facet, New Hamburg, Ont. Can. Feb. l'2tb, "77
Please tell us about it by all means.

SIiAIil, WE EXTRACT FROM THE BROOD COMBS 'i

1 want to ask you to ask your readers to give thoir
plan of extracting honey. Is it best to extract all th<^
combs, or would they advise to leave 3 or 4 brooii
combs in the center untouched? We lose more queens
in running bees lor extracted honey than for bos. Also
I wish to ask the best way to hill the larvie in drone
comb, so as to use comb for starting in boxes y Ir.
leaving the comb out, as Doolittle suggests, until th--
larva; die, one may use it too soon, and have it cappti!
over by the bees; and at other times we don't know
how to wait. I have held it over a lighted candlc,butthat
injures the walla of the eel's. Please give your plan.
Last spring we began the year with 6:> colonies, win-
tered on sugar syrup ; they came out in fine conditioiK
began swarming the first of June, and continui;d
swarming for two months. At first I put them back
and cut out cells, and tried every preventative, excepi'
extracting, but all tailed, and I was obliged to in-
crease from 63 to 125 strong colonies. I took about
5,000 lbs. of honey— extracted as little as I thought I
could get along with — about ,"4 extracted and % comb.
Next year I want to take about half extracted, as \
conld have sold my honey at better advantage at home,
if I had had as much again extracteil. The market
for extracted honey is building up. I liave nearly dis-
posed of my crop of honey by keeping my neighbor-
supplied and keeping it in the stores in adjoining
towns; selling comb at 35c. and extracted at 20e. r<-

tail. If large quantities are taken I throw off .'ic. 0)1
comb, and 1 or 2c. on extracted. I load up a carriage
and send my man out to srU through tlie coun-
try; have realized about ISc. pIV lb., after expenses
for selling arc met. L. C. AxTioLi,.

Koseville, Warren Co., 111., Mar. 3d, 1877.

We would advise leaving the entire h)vver
story untouched, unless it be the outside
combs containing no brood. Not because ex-
tracting will injure the brood, but becansi-
there is always danger of letting the bees
starve, unless they have a surplus aheail.
This honey next the brood, is always nicely
«f'<».l 'd, and fit stores for winter.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

107

tmm'

lint when thou makest a feast, <'all the iioov, the
maimed, the lame, the blin<l: and thou sstiall be bloss-
od ; !or they cannot recompense thee: for thou shalt
he recompensed at theresurrcclionof the just,— Luke,
it: 13, 14.

^NE Sabbath morniug one of the boyi?

_ uicntioued that he ^aw a young man on

~' the street so intoxicated tliat he could
not walk, and I spoke to the seliool after men-
tioning the circumstances vsomething as fol-
lows:

"What shall we do children, when we meet
drunken boys or men ; we had better turn out
of the wiiy and have nothing to do with them,
iiad we not y"

"Yes, sir."

"They had l>8tter be sent to jail, had they
not ?"

"Yes, sir."

"It is their own fault, and they have got just
what they deserve, and it is no concern of ours
at all?"

At this the children began to look from one
to the other, and some of them were evidently
n little troubled. Finally one little voice sug-
ticsted that we ought to jmiy for them.

"Just exactly, my little friends, we are re-
:-liousible for every boy in our community that
does wrong. Now, is there nothing else for us
to do besides praying for them V"

"Ask them to come to the Sabbath School."

"But you said a while ago, they should be
■-(jnt to jail ; now which is the best pkace for
.-uch lx»ys, the jail or the Sabbath School ?"

"The Sabbath school," came from a num-
ber of voices.

"How shall we get them to come ?"

"Invite them."

"But," suggested one, "he would swear at us
if we asked him to come."

i told them that my experience had been
♦liat they would be- in no danger of being
-'.vorn at, if they went to these brothers on
llie streets, and asked them in a kind, pleasant
way to come in and be one of us, and then I
tried to explain how it was that it was our
business, and in what way we were all respon-
sible, for every case of the kind mentioned,
that was to be found in our town.

Shortly after this, a young man broke into a
saloon, and was detected in the act of taking-
money from the di'awer. I found the poor fel-
low in jail, overcome by sorrow and shame,
and completely discouraged. He said he had
been unable to get work, no one seemed to
care for him, and he felt that he was almost
driven to the crime. 1 spoke of the Sabbath
School, but he pleaded no fit clothes to wear.
He knelt with me, and cried like a child, and
before 1 left, he had almost promised to come
with us if he ever had another opportunity.
Before 1 saw him again, his friends had raised
some money for him, procured his release, and
lie was told to ''Never show his f.ace in his na-
■ ve lown again." The friends who subscribed
.e money, doubtless did it with kind inten-
ions, though I can but feel that they comi:!iit-

d a grievous mistake when they banished
im from his native place, and turned him

irift among entire strangers. I felt that the

place where he had fallen, was the very one
for him to show by his future conduct, that he
really could aiul would yet be a true man. Is
it always a kindness, to shield people from the
consequences of violating our laws?

About the time of the above occur-
rence, a friend found a boy a little out of town
lying in the roa(J. He took him into his con-
veyance and intended io take him home, but
before he arrived there, he came to himself
enough to say he would not be taken to his
parents in that condition, but directed him to
diive to a neighbors. When they arrived
there, the neighbor, in rather rude terms, de-
clined taking into his house a drunken man.
This seemed to add the final stroke to his hu-
miliation and shame, and although he was a
youth of but 17, he deliberately drew a revol-
ver from his pocket, cocked it, and held it to
his temple, saying that if they would not keep
him until he was fit to go home, he would end
his miserable life then and there. A drunk-
ard's grave loomed up before him in the future,
and what inducement wasjthere for him to live V
The friend who took him into his carriage,
here stci)ped up and told him he would take
care of bim, and as soon as he could, got the
revolver away from him, and found that it was
in reality loaded. This was on Saturday night.
At nine o'clock on Sabbath morning we have
a Bible Class for young men of this class es-
pecially, and this friend, although he has long
been one who ridicules and makes light of re-
ligion, proposed to take him up to this class,
recognizing, seemingly, that in spite of all his
unbelief, such a place would be the safest for
one who, at 17, would endanger his life by
risking freezing to death in the road, and af-
terward attempt suicide as a means of getting
rid of all his troubles. When informed of the
matter, I visited his home ; I found quite a
family of children, but none of them attended
Sabbath School. The mother had been a
church member, but for some reason, none of
them had attended church more than two or
three times during the past year, and yet this
mother, with tears in her eyes, wx)ndered why
her boy, who had formerly been so good a boy,
had all at once got into bad habits. One of
the little girls had seen some of the little Gos-
pel Hymn Books that were used in our mission
school about three miles away, and I took one
from my pocket and we had quite a little Sab-
bath School. As wc rose after a simple
prayer, tears were in the eyes of several. My
triends, do you not think that old-fashioned
Bi'ole a pretty good thing after all, for troubles
of such a nature ?

Does anyone inquire if those who are
very low in habits of intemperance ever get
entirely over it y Within the past week we
have seen the very worst cases that could be
picked out in our town, come forward, and
say that by the help of their Heavenly Father
they would never more drink another drop,
and tliese brothers are at this minute baudcd
together going among their old companions
entreating them to come and do likewise.
Furthermore there are those with them, who
have been in the better path all the way
from a few months, to several years. One of
the oldest of these, and one who has been a
notoriorslj^ haid drinker, one who used to

108

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Apb.

abuse a kind wife and a family of pretty cliil-
dren, said that be at one time, after the death
of one of the little ones, wrote a promise in the
family Bible not to drink any more. He even
wrote this side by side with the register of the
death of the little one, just because he felt that
it would then be more sacred, but as he was
not a follower of Christ, of course he did not
go down on his knees, and asfe the dear Sav-
iour to give him the strength to keep to this
good resolution. He kept sober for awhile,
but as soon as he got among his old compan-
ions, down he went as he had many times be-
fore, and he then gave up, and thought there
was no use trying. He afterwards got into a
revival meeting, and gave his heart entirely to
the Lord, and do you suppose he then drank
any more V Of course he did not, and further
more by keeping close to his Saviour in daily
prayer, he, like the young man with the tobac-
co, lost all taste or desire for it. The smell
has now become to him disagreeable. Do you
now know why we call Jesus Christ our
SAVIOUR ?

Going into the jail to see the j'oung man
mentioned, I took a passing glance at three
other young men who were there confined, and
their faces so impressed me, that I asked per-
mission to hold a Bible Class in the jail. When
I first mentioned the matter, they seemed rath-
er troubled and annoyed, but after a little talk,
they were quite at ease, and before I left they,
all but one, joined in singing one of the Gospel
Hymns. When I then asked permission to
kneel in prayer with them, they all assented,
and knelt with me. Do you think as I left,
promising to be on hand promptly every Sab-
bath, that any doubts beset me as to the pro-
priety of the undertaking ? Or do you think
it strange that I really loved those poor fel-
lows without having ever learned why they
were imprisoned \ While at the jail, I had
some conversation with the slierriff's wife, and
she told me of her native town where the
churches and Sabbath Schools both seemed to
have scarcely life enough in them, to hold out
much longer, and of the way intemperance
was prevailing, and then urged me to try and
visit them long enough to start them anew.
What a field there is for labor, and how it does
open out and widen out, when one once gets
to work. I thought the lady's face seemed fa-
miliar, and pretty soon I learned that she was
the person who lirst suggested at that confer-
ence meeting, that 1 was the one to undertake
the Sabbath School I have told you about du-
ring the past few months. Just one chance
observation that she had forgotten all about,
started the train of thought that led me into
this work, and mouths after, I had been led
into that very jail, step by step. In the course
of events the lady who gave the advice, had
in charge these very boys who, as they told
her, felt they had hardly a friend in the world.
Little do we know of the efl'ect of a single
kind and encouraging word, nor where the ball
may stop that is once set rolling, for either good
or bad.

Let us see ! A young minister came to our
town a few years ago, and by his boyish and
earnest way, touched m.e, and made me feel
more uneasy, than could perhaps the combined
efforts of Mie best orators. I argued the mat-

ter with him, but he told me in plain, strong
terras, that my influence was bad, and that I
was not a good Christian. I tried to ignore
him, and to go along in the old way, but find-
ing no peace, I gave up, became humbled, and
asked for instruction. Pretty soon I found
rayseli seconding his efforts, first at home, and
then in a little broader field, and finally the
eflects of his labors with one single individual,
have gone clear into your home, dear rcadei',
through the medium of these Home Papers,
and if they have been instrumental in stirring
to activity the soul of one single brother or
sister in this broad land, I shall feel that the
Master has indeed, some message for us all to
deliver to some one else.

eNE word about my selling bses from advertisiiiir ;
last fall I advertised in 3 jxipsrs 100 swarms at .?:;.
and S6. I paid out §8. and sold 27 swarms, so you see
tkey do not sell vnry fast even at that price. One ques-
tion ; how much more are bees worth in the c-pnns that
have wintered well, than in the fall ? I am wintering in
three different ways ; in cellar, in trench, and in chalT.
The best chaff, is clover I thuik. Albert Potteu.

Eureka, Wis., Dec. 23d, 187G.

[t would suggest that we call a swarm of bees v/orlh v
more, the first of May, than they v/ere the fall previous .
To illustrate, we will call a good colony of Italians wortl>
just before the honey season, S15.00, and but SlO.OOafLer
the honey season is over. At this pries they should Vic
well provisioned for winter ; without, say $.7.50.]

I received your extractor o:i the 10th of Juqc. I be-
gan the season with 10 colonies, increased to 19 and
took 1268 lbs. extracted and about 2o0 lbs. of box hon-
ey. All the honey that I did noC consume, except 15(>
lbs., 1 sold at from 22 to 30 cts. My bees arc mostly
Italian. I use the Quinby suspended frame, my objci-t
is to double my stocks, keep my bees in the best pos-
sible condition, and secure the greatest possiljle
amount of first-chws extracted honey. Shall I buiUl
double width or two story hives ? [The latter.] "With
8 frames in lower story would 10 frames in an upper
sto^y made larj?!"- enough, be of material advantage ?
[We think not.] In rii)enirtg honey after it is taken
from the hive, is it best done in a deep or shallow ves-
sel ? [Shallow.] will it be best to keep the vessel
standing in hot water or near, or on the stove?

Henky Kulf, Hilliard, O., Jan. l!)th, '77.

[Either way v/ill answer but if the latter be caretul
about OTerlieating.]

Win you allow the discounts named on Idn., if the
amount bought before July 1st in the aggregate
reaches 50 or 100 lijs.? [Yes.] What heft is best for
surplus boxes ar.d for brood chamber? [Thinnest
with good walls.] VYill bees rear brood in it as read-
ily as in natural comb? [Disputed questions, altho'
we can not sec that our bees make any diflerericc.] Is
there any perceptible difference between s\irphis
honey in frames or boxes furnished with fdn., and
those constructed entirely by the bees?

J. B. Mains, Bedford, O., Feb. 10th, "77.

[We think no one would discover the difforence,
unless it was pointed out to him. With the very thin
tdn. produced liy "'i'' machines, we think wc can d 'ly
cxpeits, JO tell cin" from the other,]

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

109

Is it a fact that ^Ir. Harbison only ro:ili/,3d, after
deducting all expenses, im-.UuUng interest on capital,
§1,000 net profit, on 100 tons of honey ? This would be
only 331c. per colony. I think it must be a typograph-
ical error, and should reail §10,(00. If not, I [irefcr to
remain where I can realize more in-oflt per invest-
ment. Was his honey all extracted:-'

15. F. Daveni'okt.

Auroraville, wis., Dec. iSth, 1S76.

[We believe Mr. H. pave it as you have stated. If
<re arc correct, the greater part was comb honey stor-
ed in Harbison frames.!

I have examined two stocks of Italian bees to-day:
one with 35 lbs. of honey and the other 45 lbs. Sealed
brood in one frame, and the two adjoining frames
contain larvw in abundance. I also And those that are
packed all around with bran cushions have consumed
iO per cent, less honey. J. B. Dines.

Libertyville, St. Francois Co., Mo., Jan. 15, 1877.

I have lost 10 or 12 colonies, and 1 fear the worst has
not come yet. Of one thing I am sure: it will not pay
to raise queens late in the fall. I ran several colonies
tip to the middle of September, and have lost all of
them. I was thinking all the while I would unite
t.hera, but owing to the press for queens, I was too
late about it. J. B. Bhav.

Lynnville, Tenn., Jan. 17, 1877.

I was glad to get your advice in reganl to a beehive,
as I made the same mistake last spring, in buying the
I'iglit to make and use the Climax hive, which I now
suppose has been out of use for the last 10 years.
-After I got it I did not make a single one after the
pattern, hut modified it to my own notion. I have 5
of them \Tith bees in, but they do not suit me; and
the object of this letter is to ask your advice in regard
So a hive to adopt. If you can, send a hive on a small
9cale, so that I can sec how the whole thing is fixed,
all right, as I have no more money to throw away for
a useless thing. My idea is to see the thing ready tor
work, rather than to see it on paper. [We furnish a
•over and body and one frame in a bundle, for SOc,
which is cheaper than we could possibly make a small
model.] Do you recommend artificial swarming ? [If
you wish increase of stock, not otherwise.]. Would
you advisQ buying one of those dollar (jueens? [Most
flertainly ; if they jn-ove pure, they are worth $3.00,
and they are worth a dollar in any case.]

W. I. Bright, M. D.

Dumontville, O., Jan. 23d, 1877.

I have got to move my bees this spring about a mile;
how shall I prevent them from going back to the old
idace? Will it do to move them in a lumber wagon
over a rough road ? Do you know of anybody in the
State of Michigan that has got any more honey per
colony from their Italian bees than I did from my
blacks, last season ? I secureil 1850 lbs. from 14 stocks
In spring ami their increase ; increased to 37, mostly
by natural swarming. I did not allow any stock to
swarm but once, except when lliey followed the young
queen out, and then I invariably returned them to the
aame stock. How do you think a brick cellar would
do for bees ? Say lay a brick bottom on the ground,
and then build up and arch over and cover with earth
or straw ? D. Gakdneu.

Carson City, Mich.. Mar. 7, 1877.
[Had you moveil iho bees belore they had flown in
the spring, you would have had little or no trouble,
and it will probably be best to wait until after several
cold stormy day.?, even now. If they do come back
very much, leave some of the weakest stocks until tho

last, to catch the returning bees. We Icar you wii;
liar lly succeed without considerable loss. Put con-
siderable straw in your wagon, drive slowly, and you
(;an move thcui thus very well. Your yield was very
good indeed for common l)ees, but nothing extra for
14 hives of Italian^. Was it comb, or extracted honey!'
The brick cellar, wo fear, would be damp, in spite of
all the ventilation you could give.]

[Truly a friend in need, is a friend indeed ; listen ! J
MOVING BEES, AND STANDS FOK HIVES.

I see you recommend moving bees 2 or 3 miles, and
then bring them back after a few days, or move them
a few feet at a time. I used to do that way, but now,
when I want to cliange the location of a stand, as in
transferring, or from any other cause, I reduce the
colony to the condition of a swarm by driving it iu
box hive or sliaking the bees from frames and letting
them cluster in a box, and then giving them their
combs or the combs of another hive. Alter they are
quiet in their new location, I have no trouble with
bees returning to old locations, and I have moved
them in tliis way from 20 yards to one-half mile. I use.
a stalk of broom-corn to brush bees from combs ; and
for a stand for the hive, nothing suits me better than
4 half bricks, before you put down the sawdust; two
laid fiat and two on edge, if you wish the hive inclin-
ed a little. F.ir the two-story hives, with one whole
brick under the back cml you can level the hive
easiest. Gatepost.

I have not been able to get my money out of N. C.
Mitchell as yet. Do you think I will be able to make
him pay me ? James McCook.

Natchitoches, La., Mar. 1, 1877.

[We should be very glad indeed to be able to say
there seemed a prospect of Mitchell's keeping his
promises, but at present there seems to be nothing left
for us to do but to prevent his wronging other people
in the same way.]

The lOOO sections received, and I think you deserve
much credit for the manner in wliich they are put up
and packed. I am very much pleased with them and
hope to want enough for 6000 lbs. the coming season.
Bees all right so far in tip top order.

J. Butler, Jackson, Mich.

I have 74 swarms of bees in cellar doing well. Took
ISOO lbs. of honey in sections, and 200 lbs. of extracted.
Started with 1-5 last May. C. Kkndig.

Naperville, III., March 8th, 1877.

Would like to know if bran is as good as chaff for cush-
ions. J. B. Dines.

Libertyville, Mo., Dec. 21st, 1876.

[We presume coarse bran will be equally as good as
chaff, but with us it is considerably more expensive.]

On fttie sunshiny days ray bees come out and drop
on the snow and die by himdreds. "\Miat can I do to pre-
vent it? My bees are the common kind.

J. J. Wiiixr:, Clinton, Mich., Jan. 23d, 1877.

[Can only repeat ; keep the hives so well covered witli
chaff or something similar, that they will not warm up
until pleasant warm weather.]

G00i> and bad teaching.
Iu 1873 on the ISth of July my son found a swarm of
bees, nearly pure Italians, on a little plum bush. He put
them into an American hive with empty frames. In two
weeks the hive was ItHed with nice white comb and honey,
and in three weeks that very v.iluable queen took a swarui
to the woods. Now what was lost for the want of a little
practical information such as Gleanings gives. Under

110

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

ArK.

Doolittles's management from 40 to 80 lbs. of comb honey
worth 25e. and a vahiablo S'Warm $10. I am aji old man
and have no time to experiment, but want to follow the
beaten track that others hiive found successful. I wish
to say a few words about Hosmer. His teachings ruined
all who followed them. His winterins^ was a failure.
With perfect cellars his example would have been less
ruinous, but nobody had any such cellar.s then. Now I
think I have one. We shall see. J. A. King.

Janesville, Minn., March 8th, 1877.

Saw rec'd and works good, can run it all day long day
.after day and not want to go a visiting.

Chas. H. Rue, Manalapan, N. J., Mar. 13th, "77.

[The saw mentioned was sent on approval, and while we
are very much pleased indeed to hear such an excellent
report of it, we feel it a duly to say that many find it
pretty severe exercise to saw all day. We think, fiiend
R., you must have unusual muscular strength, besides a
knack of keeping your saw in nice cutting order.]

WH.VT A BOY or 12 DID.

In '73 I had one hive of bees in the spring and they
threw off a good swarm in July, and from the two I got
$-2o. worth of honey, and sold the bees in the fall tor .515.
I was then 12 years old, being 1(5 now, and father and I
have got 36 swarms in the cellar ; that is both of us to-
gether. We went into partnership last spring on bees. I
am his boy jet, but he encourages us to do business on
our own account. I would like to know how you keep
the queen from going up into the upper story and laying
oggs, for I am making a new hive. I am going to set one
on top of another and lill the upper set of frames with
sections. Waltee D. Stoek.

Belle Valley, Pa., March 8th, 1877.

[May much happiness and pro.si)erity attend the part-
nership of father and son, and may more sons and fathers
do likewise. Use rather small sections, and tin separa-
tors, and we think you need not fear the queen.]

Will secure you, Ne.'itly Printed 13 -SO No. 5,
XX Envelopes, and we furnish tHiO ^^
Note Heads also Neatlv Printed for ^|,
All Postpaid. A.JI. PEAKE. Medina. O.

Price List of Bees, Queens, Etc., for 1877.

1 Full colony .. .. with tested (p.ipen $13 00

1 three Iranie nucleus "' *' " 5 50

1 " •• " " dollar '• 4 00

I tested q ueen 2 50

1 untested " 100

A <liscount of 10 per cent will be niLide on all orders
of more than .510. 0!) each. All my queens are raised
I'roni Imported Mothers, I only guaranteeing the sale
firriv.il of all tested (ritcens within 1000 miles. The
money niiiPt accompany each order, and all orders
■will be tilled strictly in rotation. My loeaiion enables
mo to Uirnish qnecna much earlier than parties far-
ther north. Address,
2^10d E. W. IIALK. Wirt C. H.. W. Va.

'pat binder i§lL[ iPERI0D!CAL'5

ff . Jl:^ Jfcv____ ' ^ .

Yon cannot look over the li.'ick No's of (jLEAntngs
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless llic^j'
.^.re in sotuc kind of a Hinder. Who has not saiib^
'Dear me wliiU. a hoi her — 1 ')nusl have l.^st
month's .Joni-nal and it's no where to he found. " Put
<ia(di No. in the Knun-son Pdudcr as soon a*^ it comes
and you can sit down hai(|)y, any time you wish to linci
any thing yon may have jn-evionsly seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders lor Glicaxings (will hold thorn for four
years) gilt lettered, free hy mail for 50, (iO. and 75c, ac-
cording to (juality. For ta'ble of iirices of Binders for
any Poriohcal, sec Oct. No.. Vol. 2. Scnri in vovj
orders. A. I. UOOT, Jlcdlna, O.

IJAUm BEES.

Imported and home 1-red queens ; full colonies and
nucleus colonies; beekeeper's supplies of all kinds.
Queens bred early in the season. Send for catalogue.
9tf DR. J. P. H. BROWN,

Augusta, Ga.

I have Just purchased latest improved machinery and
can promptly furnish

Pure Beeswax Coitib Fouiidalloii.

at the following low prices. Made from Yellow Wax,
70 cents per pound ; White Wax, §1.00 per pound.
Packed in light, wooden boxes— I'aper between the
sheets. At above rates, the siieets will be cut to any
desired fizo. Ten per cent, discount will be given on
50 ))ounds or more.

Wax delivered here, will bo worked up for 40 cents
a pound or for half the wax and f) cents a pound on
your share.

Highest cash price paid for pure wax. All Freight
or Express charges to be paid by the purchaser. If
ordered by mail, add 25 (;ents jier pound to above
prices. Samrtles by mail 10 cents. Enlarged Bee Cir-
cular ready April first. J. H. Nellis.

Canajoharie, N. Y. 3-5

IDESCRIPTIOl^ AND IPRICES

Of Hives and best Secticmal Honey Boxes free. Carpet
Stn tchor and Tack Holder Combined. S;unp!e hy mail 30c.
Agents Wanted. 3-4 BARKHR & DICER, Marshall !\lich.

rXhUMi QUEEWS FOB 187?.

Queens bred from Imported or home bred stock.
Safe arrival guaranteed. Will send you every time
just wliat you order.

Unwarranted queen Si 00

" •' per doz 1150

Warranted " 1.50

" " per halt doz 8 00

" " per doz... 14 00

Tested " before July 1st 3 50

" " alter " " 2 iiO

" " '• '• '-4 for H 00

" " " " '■ per doz.. 20 00

2 frame nucleus (frame 11x12) and tested queen

after July Ist.., 5 00

5 same 20 (0

San^.e and nn warranted queen 4 00

5 " " 17 00

2tf J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee. Ills.

WC.«J»L,I.ETT»:. l.«>roy, N. Y,. Breeder
. of Pure White LA>;horn Fowls. Eggs Si.-'iO per
dozen. SAriSPACTION GUARANTEED. Will ex-
change for a few Stocks of Bees or Nuclei. 3-5

j^ <G!oo(l Of fer.— Bee Hives, Frames, Surplus Boxes—
4% an> style — cheap. Italian Queens (/ttjfw to our Pat-
rons. For particulars of our plan, Prices, Etc..
Adddress J. H. MARTIN,

3- ipd Hartford, N. Y.

In the Standard Langstroth frame at 25 cents each.
My former partners having quit the bee business, wc
h.ave a quantity of good combs at above pr.ce. Also
a lot oi ivvo year old Osage Orange hedge ])!ants at
S2,(io per lono or less according to quantity ordered,
ftid Address F. T. NUNN, Peru, Huron Co., Ohio.

(tfd

At S7,50 Per Coiosiy.

M. PARKK, Pini' BlulT, Ark.

Iinproveci (^iiiiiiiy Smoker.

Quinby's " Bee - Keeping Explained."
Box material for as practical a box as can
be made. Glass cheaper than ever be-
fore. Queens, Hives, Colonies, Extractors,
Clasps, Bee Veils, etc.

Send for Illustrated descriptive Cir-
cular. L. C. ROOT,
; -i. Mohawk, Herkimer, Co., N. Y.

1877-

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURR

111

M Slocks s

of Yellow 15ees for Breeding; or Honey,— ns
s rlu>;ii) as any. W. 1>'. H. Spatiisii
Ei.'!jrs forJialchi'iiL'. •j:iyt-aisiii perfect-
iiii; their iKiii-sittiiiir. Warranted not Kxi-elled.

t J. M. MAK\ 1 X, StA'harles, Kane Co,, 111.

Supplies for your Apiary, send li Postal Card for our
Prk-e List of Hivos, Frsinies, Sectional and other Boxes
-of any desired pattern. Comb Foiuidatious, Metal Cor-
■jiei-s and Tested and Untested Queens from Imported
another, J, C. & H. P. SAYLES,
:i-Sd Hartford; Wis.

THE

l^ritisli Bee Joni*nal,

Is 11 larse. beautUnlly printed, and profusely illus-
trated MONTHLY; clear tvoe and line heavv (laper.

It is contUnMed by CHARLES NASH ABBOTT, Han-
well, W., London, England. Annual subscription,
Sialf-a. guinea.

We will send it with Gleanings and pay all postage
lor 3-2.50.

iniPt,E]nFI>iT.«i FOR BEE CULTURE AL-
PHABETIC AL,L,Y ARRAIVGEO.

For d-oscriptions of the various articles, see our tenth
edition circular found in April "No., Vol, V., or mail-
I'd on npplication.

This price list to be taken in place of those of former
date.

Mailable articles are designate*! in the left hand eol-
imin of ticures; the figures giving the amount of postage
teauired-

Canada postage on merchandise is limited to 9%
oz., and notliing can be sent for less than l^c.
Bees, full colony .anijjly provided for winter, in
our new two story, chaff hive (described Nov, and
Uec.No's .. '70), tested queen from imported mother,
safe arrival guaranteed, . (Lawn hive §1 more.) . .§15 00

The same in a 1 story Simplicitv hive 1.3 00

The same in old style L. hive with portico, etc 12 00

The same with hybrid queen lO.tIO

The same not provisioned for winter 7,00

We think we can prepare bees for shipoing safely any
luontli in the year; wlren we fail in so doing, we will give
<lne notice,

0 I Binder, Emerson's, for Glfanings 50, 60. 75

; Balances, spring, for susjjended hive (60 lbs) 8,00

lO i Blocks, iron, for metal cornered frame making 15

I Barrels for honey, §2.50 ; waxed and painted S.3,.^0

Buzz-saw, foot-power, complete ; circular with cuts free
on application. Two saws and two gaug6>s included. 835 (0
0 ! Buzz-saws, extra . 6 in. 1..M) ; 7 in.. 1.75 ; 8 inch . . 2 00
<i0 I Buz* saw m.andrel and boxes complete for 0 inch

I saws 5 00

! The same for 7 and 8 inch saws (not mailable). . 8 00

I Comb Fovnidation Machines complete $30 to 100 00

<;0 I Chaff -cushions for wintering 30

25 1 Chaff cushion division boards 20

Half price without the chaff, and postage 5 and i)c-
~(S I Candy for bees, can be fed at any season, per lb. 17

20 j Corners, m«tal. per hundred 75

2i " " top only 100

13 I '* " bottom, per hundred 50

On 1,000 or more adiscountof 10 per cent, will be made,
and on 10,000 25 per cent. The latter will be given to
those who advertise metal cornered frames.

"Corners, ilachinery conipiete fcr making 2:0 00

30 I Clasps for transfernna, jjackage of 100 25

0 1 Cards, queen resistering, per doz 10

■2 i Cages " all of metal lo

2 I Chee.se clot h, for strainers, per yard 10

12 I Duck, Tnr teedin!r,and covering the frames — bees

I do not bite it— aer yd. (29 inches^v3de) 20

I Extractors, according to size of frame $7 50 to 10 CO
I '* inside and gearing,includina:honeygate 5 00

I " wax 3 50

7 I Feeders. 1 q't, tin, can be use<l without open-
' ing the hive, in v.arm weather— neat and

I simple 10

'2.T> I The same. 6 qts, to be used in upper storv, . . 50

■t I Frames with Metal Cornei-? .".... 05

f> " " Samjile Rabbet and (;iasp8 10

10 I " Closed end (^ninbv, nailed 05

0 I Glkaning.s, VoKs I and II, e"ach Toe., Vol IV 1 00

^\ " Vol. Ill, second-handed 1.50

~>0 I Gearing for Extractor with supixirting arm. . i 50
■iO I Gates for Extractors tinned for soWering. .. ,%

SIMPLICITY BEE-HIVE,

"^ne body and 1 cover in the flat, as sample to work

from— one sample fr.ome included 80

One storj- hive for extractci' (body 50c— 2 covers

(iOc—nailini;: ami painting 20c— quilt 2.5c— 10 frames

(iOc— crating Kic) 2 25

One story hive for comb honey is precisely the
same as the above, substituting 2 frames of sections

for V metal cornered friinics 2 25

Tin; aliovo It; sections will Vie lifted with fdti., and
start ITS H'ady for the 1 s, (or 1.5c, and the tin sepa-
rators added for 10c, making whole complete 2 50

The above two hives contain everything used in a, 2
story hive. We simply use another body tilled with fianies
or sections, for a 2 stor.y hive.

For a 2 story hive for the extractor, add (to 1 story
2 25) body .50c— nailing and painting 10c— 10 frames
(>'c— cratinif ,5c, making complete 2 st-ny coidaiiiing

20 frames ' :'. .'iO

For a 2 story hive for donb honey add ito 1 story
2 25) body .'Oc — nailing and painting 10c— fi frames
of sections 78c— 1 metal cornered frauifj Gc — crating
()C, making complete 2 story containini; 7 frames and

(54. sectioiis ". 3 75

If filled Avith fdn. starters COc- if also tilled with tin
separators 40c, making §4 75, if two latter items are
wanted.

To prepare the above hi^es for winter, put in place of
the 2 outside frames chatT cushions, price 20c each, and
a thick one on top ."JOc,
Iron frame to gauge size of above hives, and to hold

them true when nailing^ size 20^x16 inside 75

I Chaff hive fou out uoou wintering, 10

frames \iclow, and 14 frames or J^O section

I boxes I Oove, well painte<l and lini^hed com-

I plete (Lawn hive ?1 more.) §5 OO

These hive , if supplied with stores, will, we hope,
need no atttntion whatever, from the lime Loney
ceases until it comes again the next season.
0 I Knives. Honey {% doz. for,S,V2,5,or J5 by Exp.) 1 00
Labels for honey, in blue and gold, d^rk bronze and
gold, or in white printed in two colors, furnished
with ,\our own address, and source from which the
honey was gathered, already gummed, pest paid by
mail, (no order rec'd for less than 250)- Ac these
low rates, the full number mentioned i»!(,s)^ bo or-
dered without the change of one sinjile letter of th(i

type 1000. .?3,25 ; 500, $2,40 ; 250, 81,80

0 I Lithograph of the Hexagonal Apiary 2o

I Lamp, Nursery for halchingqueen cells as built 5 OO

0 I Laivae, lor queen rearing, from June to Sejit. 25

15 i Microscope. Compound, in Mahogany box... 3 00

0 I Piepared objects for above, such as bees" wing.

sting, eye .foot, etc., each 26

0 I Medley of Bee-Keeper,s' Photo's, (150 Photo's) 100

0 I Magnifying Glass, Pocket 60

0 1 " " Double lens, brass, on 3 feet 100
7 I Muslin, Indian head, for qttilts and cushions
I per yard, pretty stout, but not good as duck. 10
I Paraline, for waxing barrels, per pound 20

0 I Photo, of House Apiary and Improvements.. 25

2 I Rabbets. Metal per foot 02

section boxes in the flat, pee 1,000,
Any dimensions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 00

The above is 50 cidiic inches ; for larger sizes add 10c
per 1.000 for each additional cubic inch or irt'ction of an
inch, outside measure.. Extra prices for Ipss than .5C0.

Just right to tit in L. frames, 2x43* x4J4 !• 50

85 I These are put up in packages (of 64 each) contain-
ing just enouiih for a 2 story hive, 8 to the frame. . 60
Sample by mail with fdn , 5

If the grooving for holdin^r the fdn. is omitted, 25c less
per 1.000. Sections weigh from 7 to ]0 lbs per 100.
10 I L. fyame made 2 inches broad to hold 8 sections 5

25 I The same with 8 sections 13

25 I The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees 20

Adding tin separators to either of the above will in-
crease the jmce 5c. and the postage Cc.

4 I Section boxes, fancy, hearts, stars, crosses, otc. each 5

3 I Sheets of duck to keep tlie bees from s( iling

I or eating the cushions 10

6 Scissors, for clipping queen's wings 40

18 I Seed, Alsike Clover, mixed ueur ux, per lb.. . 25
18 I " Summer Rape. Sow in June and .July. 10

01 " Chinese Mustard, per oz 25

1? i Mignonette per lb. {JOc. per oz.) 1 ."(i

18 I Mellilot. or Sweet Clover, per lb 1 <0

18 I Silver Hull Buckwheat, U)

10 I Smoker, Quinbv's (lo tJanada !.ic exti-a) 1 ro

5 I " Doalittle's 25

3 I Tacks. Galv.'uiizcd 10

3 I Thermometers -. 40

0 I Veils, Bee, with face of Briissels net, (silk).. 75
0 I The same, all of tarletan (almost as good)... 50

b I NV^ii-e Cloth, for Extractors, \w.\- foot 15

3 I " •' C^uern Cages 15

Wire-doth is tinned, and nieshesa;e 5and 18to the inch
All goods delivered on board the cars at prices named.
R^yAVe will pay ?1.25 cabh, for Vol. III. A, I. BOOT,

112

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

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.<f^l3"VEI^TISEIvi:EIsrTS.

Advertisements will be received at the rate of ten
cents per line, Nonpareil space, each insertion, cash
in advance ; and vye require that every Advertiser sat-
isfies us of responsibility and intention to do all that
he agrees, and that his goods are really worth the
price asked for them*

THE BEE-KKEPERS' MAGAZllVE, an illus-
trated monthly journal of
.'i2 octavo pages, devoted
exclusively to bee-culture;
Indited by Albert J. King,
containing contributions
Jfrom Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper,
and experienced bee-keep-
ers in America and Eu-
ro])e. A large space is de-
voted to beginners, giving
useful information just
when it is most m^edPd throughout the year. Terms,
§1.50 per year. The Bee-Keepers' Text-Book in Ger-
man or En.gli.-ih, and the Bee-lveepers' Magazine one
year .?1"0. A (il page pamphlet (price 50c) containing
a beaut.ifnl life-like^ CUroiiio of Honey-Plants
and Itialiait Bees in their natural colors, with prize
of Mrs. Tupper, Queen rearing by M. Quinby. instruc-
tion for beginners, etc., sent /)y<» with the Magazine,
on trial, 4 months for .'50 cents. Agents wanted— cash
commission and permanent employment. Address

A. J. KING & CO., 61 Hudson St., N. Y.

Every Bee-keeper should subscribe for it.

The American Bee Journal

Is the best scientilie and practical JouriUil of APICLi L-
TUftE in the world. The most successfid and experienced
Apiarians in Europe, as well as America, contribute to its
pages. In fact, it is the oldest and largest Bee Paper in
the English language. %2, Per Annum. Send a Stamp
for a Sample Copy. Address THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
tf . ISi Clark st.. ChicaL'o, ill

rasFmniesora,

Italian queens furnished the
I coming season at the following
prices :

1 tested queen ,«3 00

S^Mf/')-'^ 6 " " 15(10

wl'^m. 1 untested queen 100

^'^V *' '■ " •'^ ^

I^K?il ^. Full colonies in Langstroth

hives 12 50

B3"Sale arrival of all queeyis
guaranteed.''^

Purchasers must assume all
risk in the transportation of
full colonies.

As prompt attention as possible will be given to all
orders, and satisfaction rmaranteed.
2tf ilUFUS MOBtiAN, Old Fort, N. C.

A^vei^ill diemical Faint-

TUB O.Vir RELIABLE.
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL.
THE MOST P:(;()N<)MICAL.
THE ilfO^r DURABLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier.
Requires no waste of time in mixing.
Has stood eight years' criticisms
With yearly increased popularity
And yearly increased sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in packages of from 1 to
to gallons each, in Purest White and any Color or
Tint desired.
Address, for sample card of colors and price list,

A^s^erill Clieniical l?aint Co.,

Office and Factory i;« * 134 East River Street.

CLEVELAND. OHIO. ti-6-'77

Catnip Seed for Sale

At 40 cents per ance. St.OO per Porrad. Postpaid.

WM. R. EDWARDS,
4 Skaneateles, N. Y.

Names of responsible parties will be inserted in
either of the following departments, at a uniform price
of 10c. each insertinn, or $1.00 per year.

Names inserted in this department the first titne with-
out charge. After. lOc. each insertion, or $1.00 per year.

Those wliose names appear below, agree to furnish
Italian Queens the coming season for $1.00 each, under
the following conditions : No guarantee is to be as-
sumed of purity, safe delivery, or anytliing of the
kind, only that the queen be reared from a choice, pure
mother, and had commenced to lay when they were
shipped. They also agree to return the money at any
time when customers become impatient of such delay
as may be imavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best queens, put
up neatest and most securely, will probably receive
tlie most orders. Special rates for warranted and
teeted (lueens. furnished on application to any of the
jiarlies. Names with *, use an imported queen moth-
er. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
*C. C. Vaughan, Columbia, Tenn. 3-8

*Wm. W. Cary. Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass. 3-2

•G. W. Dean", River Sty.x, Medina Co., O.
*J. Oatman & Co., Dundee, 111. l-12it

*E. W. Hale, Wirt, C. H., West Ya. ti-C

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md. !-(>

*Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, Ga. Stf

♦Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis. 1-12

*Wm. J. Andrews, Columbia, Tenn. 2-2

*Hardin Haines, Vermont, {"'ulton Co.. Ills. 2t4

*Aaron J. Weidner, Bigler. Adams Co., Pa. 4-i>

Probably the first of June will be as soon as they
can be furnished; those who want them sooner, will
have to take higher priced ones.

PXi've ivraixxifactiirers.

A. I. Root, Medina^ Ohio.

M. S. West, Pontine, Mich. (i 5

Geo. W. Simmons, Newaik, Del. 1 12

Isaac L. Parker, McMinn\ ille, Warren Co., Tenn 3-2

tier

§M^d U %m§ and '$om%,

And Pence on Earth and Oood Will toward Men.
I>XJB3L,JSXIE3D Iwfl:01^Q"TIa:I-.^5^, AJT IvfllElDliT-A., OHIO,

^ol* T

M^Ff i®f f®

S®® ©

^••o*^

We are accustomeil to thinking beeswax a very soft substance, and one would think that but
little power would be required to roll it into Idn., yet, to make good fdn., with high, clear, sharp
walls, the strain is so great as to spring the heavy metal rolls considerably, especially when we use
rolls 12 inches long. For the latter we are also obliged to have the diameter greater, and to emiiloy
the large gear-wheel to get power, otherwise we should find a man would hardly have the strength
to make good work. With the small machine shown above, we can use a emaller roller, and a ■
crank attached directly to the rolls, and yet produce perha;:s more perfect and delicate work than
with the large machines. The price we have fixed is so low that we lind it quite difficult to make
them pay expenses, and we may be obliged to raise it ere long. We cannot send out the machines
on trial, for enough should be made u\> during the trial to supply a whole neighborhood ; but we
guarantee the machines to give perfect satisfaction.

116

GLEAKlKas IK BEE CULTURE.

May

Contents of this Number.

In-reaoinp: 3 Colonies to 34 in One Season 117

'i.xi.f Bef34 117

Solving Queens During Their Flight 117

Uniting Bees 118,123

1 nirod iicing Queens 11°

Wops, anfl Frogs 11°

Blasted Hopes ll->

Glassing Section licxes 1' J

Support lor the ends of Frame? 119

House Aoiarles with thin walls, ami Chaff Packing 119
How to Have all your Bees pure (sell the bad ones) 120

Grape Sugar foro>^c per Pound 120

Gloves, How They " Work," 12*'

Foot-Power S iws 121

Making Simpiiciiy Hives with Foot Power Saws... 121

Humbugs and S '-/indies 121

(;ioth Li.ie<l Di\i-ion Boards 121

DooiiiMe's S- stem. How far we can Afford to

Follow Him 121

How shall We put on our Sections, unit How shall

W- g( t Th. m off 121

Ext I acting from the I", rood C-mibs 123

Begii ners, Dooliille's Advice To 123

Que- ns Reared in Nuclei, Are They as Good as

Others 123

Wide iind Narr<jw I'od Bars 124

Mnviiig Bees Short Distances 124

Our Ov> n \, iary 124

House AjjiaiiL'S 124. I'iti

Covers, lni()ortance of Good Ones 124

Meal F. eding 1^4

Smokers 124

A B Oof Bte Cultur« 12-')

The Vineyard A))iary 12(5

The Lavvn Hive Apiarv 127

The Fli ating Apiary and Kailv.ay Apiary 129

Corn Crli> A| iary '. 133

C 1 1 i f o r n i a ' 133

Bees Attaci ing Their Own Queen .'■ 133

Slimula.ive Fi'eding 134

Combs and Honei fri/m Bees that have Died, Giv-
ing Them to New Swarms 134

Section Boxes! Made by Glueinir : 134

Ripening Honey 135

Clipping Queen's Wings 135

Drone Larxrpe. How to get it oat ot New CombF.. .135

How Many B' . s arc th^re in ihe U. S. ? 136

McCoiui'i's Dir;Covery 13')

Honev Plant, A New one...' 136

Bir Hives, &c 135

BEFOI^E ZPTJI^CH-A-SIlSra-

Supplies for your Apiary, send a Postal Card for our
Price List of Ilives, Frames, Sectional and other Boxes
of any desirtd pattern. Comb Foundations, Metal Cor-
ners and Tested and Untested Queens from Imported
mother. J. C. & H. P. SAYLES,

3-8d Hartford; Wis.

Class for HONEY Boxes.

Tn strips ()x20 or5>()S-2.5( a box of 50 lett. COMB
FOUNDATIONS of Pure Yellotu Wax in strips 5 in.
wide 70 cts per lb. The foundation is made by a ma-
chine purchased ironi A. I. Root, which works admi-
rably. C. B. ISHAM, Peoria, Wyoming Co., N. Y. 5

We have ISU) readers to make glad by our coming
this month, ami v\e reedly Viope we have succeeded.

S0UTHERt« BEE RECORD.

Havina; received a number of letters requesting me to
start a Southern bee paper, I have concluded, provided I
meet with sufficient encouragement, to do so. Those who
are willing to .subscribe to such a .lournal are requested
to send me iheir names. No remittance is asked until
the receipt of the first number.

Subscription §2. 00 per annum.

Wm. J. ANDREWS, Columbia, Tenn.

Bee-keepers and all others who desire to purchase
seeds for the farm.auiary, nursery, flower or vegetable
garden; agricultural or apiarian iniplements,supplie8,
«S;c„ should send tor our new descriptive catalogue.
Price list free. Address, carefully,

C. F. LANE'S N-W Apiary and Seed Warehouse,
4 Koshkonong, Wis.

The Brooks Bro's. liave removed their Apiary from
Columbus to Elizabethtown, Ii.d., and would ))e pleased
lO send .you their new circular. Send for it before pur-
chasing vour queens or bees.

Address, J. M. BROOKS & BRO.,

4-9 Eli/-''''eihtovviT. Ird.

TAlIiN

Great Kediictioii in Friees.

We regret to be obli^efl to chronicle theideath of frienct
Neshit. of CynMiiaii»), Ky. Ho died very suddenly of
heart di.sease His work v/ilh bees is over, and no more
shall we rec- ive his g ninl, hopeful, and encouraging let-
ters. Today \\p are busied wi'h the cares of this life, but
to-morrow ! Who can tell whas the morrow may bring
forth ?

\Vk have sold f25O,00 worth of bees out of the 100 re-
ported last month, and have 75 'j;ood colonies left. Is not
that a little better than the reports we have be^n in the
habit of makina; for the month of April? An income from
bees in the sprinir, is certainly quire a pleasant thing to
havf. Hurrah for the chfttf cushions, and many thanks
to friend Townley.

"ANTED— Immediately, situation b.v a bee-keep-
. Northeastern Ohio preferred. Address, sta-
ting terms, "B," 5!' Adams Ave., W., Detroit, Mich. 5

FOR S A i, E .

On Recount of failing health, I offer for sale one of
Bai lies' Foot-Power Circular and Scroll Saws for the sum
of $30,00, orisfinal cost $10,00. Has been used but little
and is in perfect order.
5 E. KIMPTON, M. D.. Cedar Creek, N. J.

QUEENS. Tested ami untested, bred from my
choice lot of imported mothers received from
Ituiy last fall. Safe arrival bv mail guaranteed at low
prices. Satisfaction guaranteed. Circular free.
5d J. M. O. TAYLOR,

Lewistown, Fred'k Co., Md.

WiM. "W. Cary, Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass. Six-
teen .vears experience in Propagating Queens direct
from iraijortud mothers, from the best district in Italy.
Persons purchasing Queens or Swarms from mo will get.
what they bargain for. Send for circular. 3 in q.

Mrs. Adam Grimm will sell, and ship between the 1st
and 20th of Mar, 1S77, the remainder of her bees, amount-
ing to anout if)i) Good Colonies, at the following prices :

Pure Italians, from 1 to 5, each Colon.\ ?S 00

5 to 10, " " 7 50

10 to 20, •" " 7 00

20 to 100 " " 6 50

Hybrids de<cending from Pure Italians,

I'to 20, each Colony fi 5fy

20tolt0, '• " 6 00

Safe arrival guaranteed if ordered in lots of less than 25.
Bein^ appointed administratrix of the estate, I must
sell said bees this spring, as the estate will be settled
within a year. MRS. ADAM GRIMM,

3—5 Jefferson, Wis

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

M ONEY JARS !

One ponnd (s(iuare) jars, per gross ..., % 0'^

Two " " " " 8 '0

One " " " flint glass per gross S .50

Two " " " " •' ^' .... lu 5a,

Corks for 1 and 2 pound jars — ,,,,....,.......,..,, 75

Tin foil caps, jier gross 1 20i

Labels " " .,, ......•• 75

A thousand labels address printed t j order 5 i a.

One qt. fruit jars, Mason's patent, per gross 17 00

Labels for same, '" " • 65

A thousand labels address printed to order 4 00

Unoapiiing knivoe, as good as an v, each... 50

"' " per dozen..,...., 4 50

Alsike clover seed, per bushel , , 13 .50

" "• "• " peek..., 3 50

" " "• " pound 40.

Catni)) seed, i)er pound 6 .5(1

'■ " " ounce 50

IiaBigr8tii*Gt!l» 55ec Mivcs,
Straw mat«, lioe vails etc., at reasonable rates.
For further particulars, address

CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, 0,

OiaVOTEO TO BEEH A1SI> H:0]VI:Y, AlVD IIO]VrE lIVTIJniDWTfe*.

Vol. V.

MAY 1, 1877.

No. 5

A. I. ROOT, -) Publisbed Moutbly.

Publisher and Proprietor, >

imcdina, O. ) £:stal>lisliecl in 1 873

terms: $1.00 Per Annum in A4-

(-TI
.llO

ance; 3 Copies for 112. 50; .5 /or * 3.7. 'i;
~ or more, 60c. each. Single dumber 1 Or.

HOW 1 INCREASED 2 COLONIES TO 34 IN
ONE SEASON.

f' USE the Standard hive, tight bottom. The en-
tfiince I keep small to keep them warm and on
~" top I use a cotton padded quilt. Above this is a
box 2]i Inches deep that fits closely inside the hive
with a cloth on the bottom about one inch larger than
the box, to tuck down to stop cracks if need bo. Said
b<<x is filled with fint^ sawdust such as comes from
my saw-mill for making' hives, and to this sawdust
box I attribute most of my success. It keeps them
warm and nice, so that a few h» es <'an nurse a great
many larvai. Thus I raise mv bees.

The next point is to have all the bees employed
raising brood. (It don't take so many bees to raise
brood as it does to raise brood and store houey too.)
To secure that point, just as soon as the liive has
bees enougii to nurse all the eggs the queen can lay,
draw off a i'ty.vf for a nucleus, which of course is tucked
up warm and contains a piece of comb having eggs or
larv;« for queen raising, that they may 8t>end all their
FORCK on the queen cells. 15ut now mark, after the
queen cells are capped over, lliey have nothing more
to do till the quern Is hatched and h.is commenced to
lay. IT '.TILL NOT DO TO HAVii LAZY BEES.
So as soon as the queen ci-'is are capj)pd over, give
them a card of hatching brood containing as many
eggs and larvje as you think they can care foi'. Now
as tbe hatching brood will want something to do, in
4 or 5 days put in more cards of hatching brood and
lai-v.-c. And so by tbe time your queen is fertilized
you have a stock strong enough to care for all her
eggs. Thus my stocks were made.

Of course I cut out queen cells to build or start oth-
er nuclei. This was done as near the time of hatch-
ing as possible, as thev are not as tender then. The
third point is to save all the queens in their first flight.
Year before last I lost hearily. Last yesr I saved
them all. HOW? I tacked bright colors on the
front of the hive in this way : I cut two strips of
■green pasteboard and tacked »hem on to one hive in
the Shane of the letter T. I covered the whole front
of another with a piece of flowered r°d shawl. To the
third I tacked a piece o( bright red paper such as i^
wrapi)ed round bars of soup; having all bright Imt
very diflerent. Thus I saved my queens. And it paid,
even if tliey did cost only the labor o: a few bees five
days at the beginning of nucleus life.

I managfjd to just ilonlilo my stands each time.
Thus I started with two. I then raised two (|ueens,
3tarte<l two nuclei iimi by the time th(M were ready to .
lay, they were in strong stocks, so that now I had It)
draw frames of brood from to build up the next 1. !

By doubling only 4 times I reached 32, but as I hafl
combs for 34 and the millers were beginning to troub-
le I crowded to that number.

Let me say that one of the queens I started with,
filled a 20 frame New Idea hive full, notwithstanding'
the maiifj, rany dralts 1 made on her for brood. She
seemed to realize my necessity and spread herself f ti-
the work. She was worth to me ?100 last year. To
repeat :

First. The SAWDUST BOX, long may it wave.

Secondly. No lazy bees In nuclei.

Thir<lly. Save your queens even if they cost a few
bees only five day's work.

The bees I started with were hybrids. Went in
Nov. Ist, and all came out April 4th bright a« a dollar,
every one. After a flv I put the lightest back

Can you box hive men beat that? If you can. say
so, if not, forever hold your peace.

Dr. C. M Joslin.

St. Charles, Mich., April 9th, '77.

The idea of keeping the bees all busy durinsf
the working season is an excellent one, .*in<1 a
good queen will furnish eggs for a large num-
ber of nuclei, if It is rightly managed Do not
take combs from her hive containina: the
brood, or you will weaken her colonv. Hut
spread the combs and put an empty comb in
the centre just long enough to set ax many
eggs as you think your nucleus can car>- 'or.
Every nucleus should ha^ve eggs at all tjmts,
even before their queen cells are capnc'. for
after the queen cells are once started, thi'v will
be sure to hatch before those that mav be
started from the eegs. In using cells, be carf;-
ful not to get the latter, if the eggs were not
from your best stock. The advaii!ase« to »he
nuclei by so doing, will be that they I'-e al-
ways kept in thriving condition, a'ld ar<- co i-
stantly being built up, besides avoiuin*.' all
trouble with swarming out when the qiutn
takes her flight. If this were made a nib' in
the apiary, fertile workers and quecnles sto -ks
would he almost nnknown. The idea '«<. that
by taking just eggs from a colony, vve deprive
them of but little compared to rerno>ing
frames of both eggs and brood. The ch iff or
sawdust packing, is certainly a very important
matter. Our own aniary is far in advance of
what it has ever been before, throuah their
agency, and we have wintered 'ess than a
quart of bees in the house apiary •^n^^ had
them increase almost a'l winter lonjr, bv the
help of the chaff cushions. Oar friend proba-
bly succeeded so well, by taking careful pre-
cautions ;i2ain<5t fiilnres and mistakes of
every kind. This is the great secret of suc-
cessful bee culture.

118

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May

ITNITIKti BEES.

WAXT the worth of my money in, how to unite bees.
I have been more uRsiicces.sful in this operation than
in anything else coniie(!teiJ witli the apiary.

Mrs. L. Harrison, I'eoria, Ills.
Occasionally bees when not fathering hon-
ey, will when united sting each other to death,
yet we have had but few cases of the kind.
^ew swarms will unite peaceably, we believe
•always, for one queen is soon killed. We have
no trouble in uniting bees after cold weather,
by simply lifting the combs out of one hive,
bees and all, and setting them in the other
hive. If a warm day ensues very soon after,
many of t,hem go back, but otherwise we have
no trouble. When the colonies were small we
have put both in one hive a little distance
apurt, and moved them up only when they be-
came acquainted. They will sometimes, if
rxjxh queens are allowed them, work together
for weeks*, but when united as they are of ilie
jiame scent, there will be no quarreling. When
the colonies are both pretty strong, or if their
honey is scattered through the whole ten
Combs in each hive, we frequently place one
Over the other, obliging them all to use the
Same entrance. This has always worked fine-
ly, and we would soon find the honey all be-
;low, and remove the empty frames. When colo-
nies are near each other, we often shake the
bees all in front of one hive and let them run
In like a natural swarm. If the new-comers
•are attacked, we give them such a sniokinu
that they are glad to be peaceable ou any
terras. If the old hive is now taken coniplete-
ily away, they generally find their new
home without trouble. If the bets from both
ihives are shaken on the ground in a heap, and
their combs given them, there is seldom any
trouble about their quarreling. Whatever
method is adopted, if we have a smoker at
hand, and give them a severe smoking as soon
4s they bfgin to "misbehave," there will be
very little danger of trouble.

INTKOMl CTION OF QUEENS.

i^iUJIIIERK »i ems to be no perfectly safe plan. All
Ijf rues fail occasionally, an^i sometimes when we
— ' arc most anxious that they shoiiM not. I^ast
■in'-' I vi i-.eivcil a nice tjueen from Nellis. of New York,
inil in introducing her, by the best rules I knew of,
31it- was killed. Prof. Cook, of Mich., an experienccfl
'bte-bn'cei, tells us he received a 310. queen of Da-
daiu. anii los-t her in introducing. These arc not ex-
Ceiition;*: cases. A few only are reported, while
'tiamire'ip an- not. To receive queens from friends
jnd diNiaiit apiaries and then have tliem lost in in-
i/cducitig is iinnoying to say the least. Can not some
iplan itc devised by which they can be introduced
liilely in every cane, wivliout worrying two or three
•lays over ;« (lueen and then having her killed V>y
^i»f ry beco ?

In the s^warming season, two swarms go together
ipeacealdv b«. tiiat none are dciitroye<l. And in doub-
•liiig up stMckrt in fall or spring you destroy the queen
j-ou like least and then smoke and shake them aU to-
gether an«l ihey go in their now hive quietly .^nd
peacealily. (so far as ray experience goes) in every
Case, and tin remaining (jneen is not destroyed. Now
if these two cases are correct, and will always hold
•iood. then does it not follow that, with the same con-
ll'.ionn any ro.iecn may ho safely introduced in the

same way? For instance, take two stocks of bees or
parts of two fitocks, smoke an-', shake them together
in front of a new hive and drop the new queen in
upon them, will they not all go in quietly and behave
as in uniting two stocks ?

Again, it is well known that hopelessly qucenless
slocks receive queens reailily. Then why not. when
you have ordered a queen, prepare a stock by shaking
parts of two stocks togetiier upon combs iha have
neither egg.? nor brood of any kind ? Jn a day or two
they will be fully conscious of their condition and a
queen can be safely introduced.

Your plan of putting the queen upon hatching
brood will do where plenty of bees come with her,
otherwise it is too slow and if the brood is not just in
the right stage, (nearly mature) or if the weather is a
little cool it is liable to perish. What we want is a
safe and quick way and we should liave it. It seems
to me those who have been in the bee business long
should be able to giv some sure plan of inti'oducing,
by wliich the inespeTienced can meet with sure suc-
cess. II. C. Hersvekgkr.
Iveene, Ky., March 2'2d, 1877.
Colonies hopelessly tinoen'ess usually receive
queens all right, but if we are not mistaken,
there are some exceptions ; taking all the
combs away will generally make them behave,
but not always. Even should it always an-
swer, it is so much trouble that v/e believe we
could better lose a queen once in a great while,
than take so much time. With an im-
ported queen, we should always take the
trouble to get them hatching brood, and with
the nice lot of bees that our friend Dadant
sends with the queen, there is certainly no
danger of her suffering. Ours always com-
mence to lay the first day, and with several
combs of bees just hatching, there will be
quite a cluster in 24 hours.

We lose very few queens by removing the
old one, and leaving the caged queen on the
top of the frames until the bees get "good" to
her which is sometimes in a half day, and
from that to two or three days or even a week.
Be sure she has plenty of food where the bees
can not rob her of it, and she will stand th«
eonfine.-nent very well. It should be Tcnn ni-
bered that when no honey is cun)!)!!: in, ihey
will often accept a (jneen, and tlio! lejt vt and
kill her even after she has laid a comb full of
eggs, so we can hardly call any plan absolute-
ly safe, that attempts giving a new queen to
old bees. We can never feel sure of any plan
except the one witii Ihe just hatching bees.

BEES AND FROGS.

fN looking over my Gleanings I notice yoii said
one could not tell how l:>r a frog could jump by
— ' ills looks; some years ago I happened to b«
standing beside my bees after sundown when I no-
ticed a nnmber of frogs coming, hopping leisurely
toward the hives. I wondered at it and watched ta
see what they were after ; they came np to the hives,
sat before them and wlicn a bee missed the hive they
gobbled It np as quickly as a toad would. I went and
got my whip and struck at them and they roade sncb
tremendous leai>^, you would not believe unless yon
liad seen it. It's a hard thing to hit a Irog with a
whip. After t)>c first time or two whenever I opened
the gale in the evening they would clear out in double
<iuick time. Before that, if I heard a frog squeak
when a sr.akc was swallowlrig it I would run and kill

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

11&

the euake and let the frog go, but I have never doue It
since. As I have no recollection of seeing In print
that Irogs were enemies of bees 1 thoucht I would
report.

In taking out one or two combs from a hive to start
a new colony and i)utting in empty frames, I think
•you hold that the bees will build drone comb. If so,
what is one to do who has no extra combs? and what
is the best plan you know to get good worker combs ?
I Fdu.] I will not speak about how my bees are doing
as it's time enough tc talk about a good day when
niglit comes. Only this, that I think it will be two
weeks yet before wc have natural pollen here, and
the weather is too cold for them to work on rye Hour.
John Dawson, Pontiac, Mich.

We have had similar reports of frogs being
addicted to such "shameful ways," before, but
are inclined to think it not generally the case.
It is like bees eating grapes, or heus eating
their eggs. Give them such a scare they will
never forget it, most certainly.

DEPOSITORY OF

Or L.etters from Those Wlio Have Made
Bee Culture a Failure.

^^OU may put me down in the list of "Blasted
W Hopes,'' as discouraged in bee keeping. I have
— ' lost during the past winter anrl spring 30 colo-
nies of bees from diflerent causes. One starved in a
Farmer's Friend hive, still there was honey in four
frames, but where the bees clustered, honey was gone
and all were dead and dry. I should say froze to
death in the cold weather in March. Some smoth-
ered under snow, and others died of a sort of dysen-
tery, mostly last years swarms. I think the cause was
poor honey. Lyman Legg.

Rose, N. y., April lotli, 1877.

Bees are wintering very poorly in this vicinity.
Nearly one-half are dead and the balance in very
poor condition. The long continued cold weather
destroyed them I think. Bee culture is very unprofit-
able and risky in this locality, as well as many others.
I am satisfied Irom experience that bee culture re-
quires considerable capital and a good locality, to-
gether with considerable care to insure success.
Then poor seasons, long cold winters, backward
springs, and low prices for honey, make it a very poor
business to depend on for a living. If any one has
any doubt of this I would like to have him try it and
see how far I am out of the way. I think the time is
past for making mucli money in cultivating bees, in
many localities. D. W. Fletcher.

Lansingville, N. Y., March 15th, 1877.

We started in the spring of 1S7(J with 82 stands of
bees, fti at home and the rest in the country divided
into two apiaries ; one nine miles south and the other
two and one-half miles west, both on the prairie. Our
home apiary is in the limber and was mostly pure
Italians. The bees in the country are the common
black bee and were transferred in ihc spring. The
spring was backward, but as soon as fruit blossoms
came out, our bees all started work in earnest, and
during the summer increased to 162 stands, and gave
us 3u75 lbs. of honey. Sold extracted honey at 16 -n cts.,
comb at 25 cts. We sold direct to the consumer, and
think we will always do so hereafter.

The pa^t winter has been a very hard one on bees.

we lost all but '25 stands; tlie greatest loss we have
ever had since we have been in the bee business.
Our heavy loss has set us thinking of some other way
of wintering than on tlic summer stands. We think
we will try a house hereafter.

Tlie "IJueen Nursery"' we got of you last season did
good service— was well pleased witli it. We tried the
comb fdn. and found that the yellow was used before
the white. Our black bees (on the prairie) averaged
more honey ))er hive last season than the Italians.
Chap. W. Lakfeutv.

Martinsville, Ills.. April Uth, 1877.

GLAKSINO SECTION BOXES, ANB A

CHE.\P SIJPPOllT FOR THE ENBS

OF FRAMES, Arc.

fi BELIEVE you have not told us how you intendeii
to lasten the glass into your section boxes. Please
— ' "rise and explain."' I have been using hoop-iron
— 'a inch— for metal bearings. The iron strips B, are
coated with melted wax to prevent rusting and driven
into a thin saw kerf in the rabbet of hive C, thus :

I use nailed Irames. Nail them in a case or frame
which holds them true, and all alike as to size. A
similar arrangement you will find very desirable, to
say the least, to nail your wide frames in for section
boxes. I think I got the idea from Langstroth's book.
T. P. Andrews, Farina, Ills., April 9th, 1877.

The idea is quite ingenious and simple, and
the strip of hoop-iron, will certainly be quite
an advantage over letting the frames rest flat
on the wood ; yet as we have said before, it is
still far behind the metal rabbet that comes
clear up above the end of the top bar. If the
ends of these wooden top bars are beveled lo a
sharp point, there will be less chance for the
bees to gum them fast to the end of the hive.
In old hives, we often find the rabbet com-
pletely tilled up with propolis, and the ends of
the frames fastened down almost as securely
as if they were a part of the wood itself.

Put the glass in the sections precisely as
Doolittle does ; cut it of such width that it
will just go between the side pieces of the sec-
tion boxes, and of such length that it will just
lap slightly on the top and bottom, and then
fasten it by two slender glazier's tins. The
tins are to be pushed in until secure, and then
bent over the edge of the glass with the thumb
nail. The matter will be readily understood
by referring to the cut of the section box.

HOUSE APIARIES WITH THIN \¥AI<LS,
ANB CHAFF.

f' AM well pleased with my house apiary with thin
walls, as described in Jan. Gleanings, page 22.

— ' Have examined my bees, and find them all O, K,
in bees, and stores, and nice bright combs. And now
I can not speak too highly of the long Standard hive,
especially for the house apiary. Bees cluster in the
front end, rear their brood there, and store their hon-
ey back next the division board, and then how easy to
examine in such a house, no matter what the weather

120

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May

is like, we have only to brush the chaff lorward,
rJiise the quilt a little, and then if one colony lacks,
we can take Irom those that have to spare, and give
them abundance at once. I think I was fortunate in
building a house for my bees and packing them with
chaff, a.« I formerly wintered them out ot doors, and
many that used to be successful that way, have lost
heavily this winter. My bees did not attempt to fly
out much when the weather was too cool.

I think friend Ila Michener will be able to give a
different report from that on page 78, March No. I
know the best swarm he has is one of those packed in
chaff, and while he has lost none thus packed, he has
lost by other methods, lost the one he had prepared
accoriling to Mr. Muth's plan, and even those he had
in his Irost " proof" wirtering house did not come out
altogether right. I think Mr. Michener experiments
too much with his bees, but I suppose he wants to
find out the best way of managing them so as to secure
the most profit with the least expenditure of capital,
etc., etc. Anson Minok.

Low Banks P. o. Ontario, Canada.

GLEAftimCS m BEE CULTURE.

Publisbed Monthly,

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.

MEDINA, OHIO.

TerjTxs : Sl.OO I*er A.nnvini.

[Including Postage.]
Foi' Club Rates see Last Page.

3vcEI^I3^c^^A_, IvOi.a."^'. i, ist'T'.

But love ye your enemies, and do good, and lend,
hoping for nolhing again.— Luke, 6 ; 35.

The month of April has with us been one of the
most beautiful ever known for liee culture.

Our friend Hardin Haines says it "aint so," that he
has got 1(5 different kinds of hives in his apiary. The
type should have read six.

OUK neighbors Shaw, Shane, and Dean, have all
wintered entii'«;ly vvithout loss. Do you not think we
are getting to be (luite "smart" here in Medina Co.?
Friend Ilice has also winteicd his house apiary with-
out loss if we understand him eorrectl). All who
have used the chaff, report most favorably in regard
to it.

We have been selling bees for the past few days
quite lively. By odering hybrids for $7,00, we have
got rid of all that vve:-e undesirable. As the demand
seems to be more brisk for bees than for honey, we
think we shall try raising bees for awhile; with the
filled combs we have yet on hand since last season,
we think we can turn out pure Italians to order on
shoTt notice. With imported queens at 85,00— see
friend Bloorl's advertisement— it seems there ou.?ht to
be little excuse for keeping hybrids at all.

A sunsCKiBEK says grape sugar for feeding bees
can be purchased for 3)<iC per lb. by the barrel at the
factory in Davenport, Iowa. With this and the fdn.,
it would seem that some enterprising Yankee should
give us a nice colony of pure Italians in a new, one
story Simplicity hive, for an even $10, the queen to be
the daughter of an imported mother. If in an old

hive, the price should be Sl,00 less. We will give the
names of all who will do this, one insertion free of
charge in our next number. Our reasons for doing
this are that we wish to enable our readers to save
the expense of shipping by purchasing as near home
as possible.

-^►-♦♦* —

Advertising in Gleanings seems to be profitable
sometimes, after all. Listen :

The notice of combs for sale last summer, was final-
ly a complete success. I sold 430 by it. ,

P. T. NUNN, Peru, O., March 15th, 1877.
My mother advertised her bees last spring in
Gleanings and A. B. J., three times. She sold near-
ly 700 colonies of which at least 400 were the result of
her advertisements.

Geo. Grimm, Jefferson, Wis., Apiil iOth, '77.
tm ■•■ ^ ■

GLOVES, HOW THE V WORK.

The following is from a friend who says he can not
afford to take Gi^eanings, but asks so many questions
that we would almost prefer semling him it free, to
undertaking to answer them. His experience with
gloves is about the same as that of all who imagine
them an advantage, yet it never occurs to them that
it is the gloves that make the bees sting.

1 made two, two story hives, but the bees would not
work in the upper story at all, 1 therelore made the
rest one story. I liavc Hi stands but have not had one
dollar's worth of hone\ Iroin them as yei.

I put on a bee veil and buckskin gloves and went
after the bees last week; finding they liad lieeu build-
ing across the frames, I took the honey knife, gotten
of you, cut down between the frames,and got a few out
that way ; I then cut and fitted the comb in straight,
soldered it together with hot wax and put them back.
1 received about lUOO stings through the buckskin
gloves ; had my hanUs been bare I do not know how I
would have fared. 1 am going to try and fix things so
as to extract some honey this summer and expect to
get the tools to do it with, of you.

lI.,GouLUiNG, Bulterville, Oregon, Mar. 30. '77.

We wonder if his conscience (Ud not trouble him
after seeing so many of the llitle fellows give up their
lives in stinging those gloves? A little smoke would
have prevented getting a single sling, even if no veil
or gloves were used at all, and the lives of all these
innocent workers vvouid have been saved.

THE NEW FEATURE OF OLTU .JOURNAL.

Doubtless most of our readers .vho have taken
Gleanings for a term of years have been annoyed by
the repetition that we find it impossible to avoid, if
we do justice to the hosts of new beginners that are
coming on the stage each year lor the first time. This
we have decided to try to remedy, it can not well be
done by a text book, for a text book is in many res-
pects out of date in a single year. Should we publish
only a single thousand, perhaps before half of them
were sold something new would turn up that would
render them almost worthless, or in fact worse than
no information at all, on certain points. To remedy
this, we are going to the expense of having a book
kept \\\> in type that we may revise it every month, or
every iveek if need be. In other words, as fast as we
iliscover a mistake in this book, or a way in which it
can be improved, the improveuieut will be made be-
fore another copy is sent out. Besides this, as the
book will be published in numbers of 8 pages each—
we give the first in this number of Gleanings— we
shall use these in answering questions; instead of the
laboriiius work of answering by postal, or inserting
the same thing over and over again in Gleanings,
we shall simply mail the number treating of the ques-
tion asked, and leave it to the good nature of the
questioner to send us .5c for our trouble or not, as he
chooses. This metho<l of imparting information will
be something like the tank of ice water at our door.
It is given freely to everybody, and they are to pay

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

121

for it or not, as they I'eel <lisi)Osccl. I have no fear but
that our people will cheerluUv pay for the papers, If
they are jiroperly prepared ancl up to the times. They
will for tc(^ present, constitute a part of Gi-eanings,
ami if our readers will parclon the seeminjr repetition
of a iiart ol them, we will try to give } on for the bal-
ance of it, matter that none of you have ever seen
leforc.

FOOT-POAVER SAWS.

*-;r^l NCLOSED find balance for the saw. It works nice-
'PJI ly ; the worst fault I find with it is, that it has not
the 40 horse power engine behind it, like the saw I
h ive been accustomed to using ; still I find the more 1 use
it the easier it goes, and really I don't know how anything
could be got up, that would work any nicer or easier with
foot power ; and then the changes can be made so quick-
ly. I don't expect to do any very heavy jobs with it, but
I find it is very convenient to have in the shop. The saws
do not run exactly true, still they do not wabble enough
probably, to injure the utility of the inaehine. I think
the collars are slightly imperfect. I supjiose it is very
difficult to get them uerfectly true, and probably Mr,
Barnes knows just how they are, and does not send them
out till he gets tbem as nearly true as he can.

J. P. MooKE. Binghampton, N. Y., April 19th, '77.

MAKING SIMPLICITY HIVES WITH A FOOT-POWER SAW.

Make an iron guage frame, such as we advertise, just
the size of the outside of your hive, and cut the cover
boards so they will just slip inside it. Make the side
boards so they will just slip in it lengthwise, and the end
boards so they will just go in crosswise; both are to be
just 2^2 inches wider than the depth of your combs.
When these boards are all square true, and exictjii :.like,
lis a small platform on your saw table so that yon can
give a true mitre to the ends of both side and end pieces,
then with the same platform moved so as to set ov^r the
saw, cut oil the strips that go round under the cover,
with the mitre and shoulder we have illustrated. Make
the rabbet around under the cover, and in the end boards
for j'our frames to rest on, and your hive is ready to be
put into the iron guage frames, and nailed. If these
guages are just right, all the hives you ever make, will be
jiiit right.

Pex^taiiiiiig to Bee Ciiltui'e.

[We respectfully solicit the aid of our friends in
conducting this department, and would consider it
a favor to have them send us all circulars that have
a deceptive appearance. The greatest care will be at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being done
any one.]

RS. LIZZIE COTTON has succeeded in
getting very plausible reports in both
the Scientific American and the Praire
Farmer; they are so worded as to call forth
much inquiry, and a statement that a large
apiary produced $50. per colony, makes it
quite an item. Many will entrust the money
Id a woman, who would not think of doing it
otherwi.se, and on this account we think the
press should unite in having her promptly
shown up. The wonderful book she advertises
has of course never come out, and although we
2et replies from her frequently they are always
evasions and excuses. Although she makes
fair and positive promises she has never yet
that we can ascertain, returned any of the
money sent her.

I had supposed till lately that N. C. Mitchell was decKl,
according to his own words or rather writings he should
have been some four years ago. I took his journal some
2 or .S years and he has kept sending me circulars and
promising many great things he could and would do for
me if I would take an aKoncy ; and finally promised to
deliver me rouiih ami re; dy hives complete for §2,00,
with a great many fixtures attached so that queens could

be raised and fertilized witl.out leaving the hive.
I do not now remember half he promised but finally I
sent him J;20,00 and after waiting .3 or 4 months and wri-
ting some half dozen times. I got a rough and ready hive
(without any of the extra fixtures) from Ohio with §2,00
express to pay. After writing some half dozen more let-
ters and receiving some few excuses, he wrote me saying
that he would be at my jilace very scjon if he lived, when
he hoped to make all things right and satisfactory, and
that was the last I hciird from him or my 820,00. I will
send with this a few scraps of his writing, (most of them
and all the circulars have been destroyed) and his receipt
and premium list. C. T. Smith, Trenton, Ills.

Below we give his great receipt for bee-feed
for forcing them to build comb. This he has
sold for from 10 to $30, for each receipt, and
we are told he has taken over $100,00 from a
single neighborhood for it. None of these
fellows seem to have brains enough to origin-
ate a single new idea ; after they get the mon-
ey, it is the same story over and over again of
slippery elm and sugar from our friend Flick
of the "Ambrosial," clear down to Mitchell.

Friend M., is not putting such a "good
thing" under lock and key like hiding your
light under a bushel ?

receipt for feeding BEES.

Our friends will remember that we promised each sub-
scriber our process for Feeding Bees, to force them to
build comb ; and we have also found that the bees will
live upon it, and if ar)ything, prefer it to honey, not only
for the manufacture of comb, but also for feeding the
young brojd. And we are led to believe that the bees
prefer it to honey for every purpose ; and by feeding it to
the bees, all the honey may be taken from the colonies as
fast as i-'iithered.

Bees should not be fed while they are gathering honey,
only in the evening, and then no more than they will take
up during the night. On days when they can not fly out,
they should be ted, and by doing so, bees can be made to
turn out an immense amount of honey to the colony.

Take at the rate of Ave lbs. of common brown sugar,
two gallons soft water, one tablespoonful of salt, ten
grains cieam tartar; put all together, bring to a boil,
skim, and when nearly cold add eight ounces pulverized
slippery elm bark. Stir it up well, then feed in the hive.
During the summer use but four pounds of sugar.

Bees that are fed in winter should have plenty of up-
ward ventilation.

Bee-keepers by following the above receipt will find it
invaluable. We ask one favor of each one receiving this—
to put it under lock and key ; let no one see it.

Yours Truly, N. C. Mitchell.

One of N. C. Mitchell's agents is canvassing this county
for the Adjustable Hive. He claims a patent on the di-
vision board, close flttnig with woolen cloth on the edges
to keep the bees from sticking it. Are not the chaff cush-
ions much better ? I am thankful for the light which
Gleakings gives when such men come round.

Wm. A. Towle, Orleans, Ionia Co., Mich.
Every bee-keeper knows the inside of a hive
is very soon covered with propolis ; the cloth
lined edge ot the division board is very nice in
a clean new hive, but how about moving after
it is pushed down into the sticky propolis ?
When the gum gets hard, it sticks to the wool-
en cloth and your division board is about as
secure as if nailed.

DOOI^ITTLE'S SYSTEM, HOW FAR WE
CAN AFFORD TO FOLLOW HIITI, &c.

5iiip|?pN'DER the above heading, page 97, W. P. Hogar-
IjU ty asks, "How do you get those 12)8 inch cases
^ — into a 12 inch hive ? " Novice says, "brood
apartment is 12 inches but the rest of the hive is wi-
der." Now (his is so in a certain seni-e, but it would
be better understood if staled in this way. The whole

122

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May

hive is V2}i inches wide and a }■! incli board is nailed
to one side of brood cliambers to make the right spa-
ces at the ends of frames. Again, the little boards
N^ovice tells about, used to close the last two cases at
top, have cleats nailed to them which are a little long-
er than the boards so thsit the attraction of gravita-
tion always keeps them in place. We might have
told Novice that one reason why we used two boxes
in a case instead of four, was that the four box cases
would be heavy to shake the bees from, but that is
the least reason. As we told him then, so we say
now, that in order to secure the best returns in box
honey the emi)ty boxes should be placed at the sides
and the full ones taken off at the top, as bees build
comb much faster at the sides, and store and seal
hon'3y laster at the lop. Now if we had a four box
case at the sides and a two box case on top we could
not work thorn by the case from side to to)) but should
be compelled to handle each box scjiarately, taking
them out of the side cases and replacing them In
those on top.

Next we llnd that our ''arrangement is both compli-
cated and expensive compared with the plan he has
adopted," and then he goes on to tell U3 how to man-
age hl3 hives for box honey. How many of the read-
ers of Gleanings know that up to less than two
years ago Novice has written that boxes were things
01 the past and that he would have nothing to do with
the sticky things? That the only way to secure hon-
ey was with the extractor, etc., etc., and now he pre-
sume? to 8et himself up as knowing all about how
hives should be made, etc., to secure the best results
in box honey. Let us look a moment and see wheth-
er his plan Is a good one. In the llrst place, he pro-
poses to have his boxes two tiers high. Now we be-
lieve that all box honey raisers agree that to secure
the best results boxes should not be more than six
Inches away from the brood in any direction unless
they are tiered up, and that Is done by raising the first
Set when two thirds iull and placing empty ones
under them. But according to his plan we have the
Ijoxes two tiers high and empty to start with. Again,
he advises to take ofl honey by taking off a full siory
at once just at night and setting It near the entrance
for the bees to run out. Now there are two serious
Objections to this. First, that in order to get the best
prices for box honey the comb must be of anowy
whiteness, and every day a box Is left on the hive,
after It Is capped over It depreciates in value, and
two weeks will make a difference of from 3 to .'J cents
per pound. Therefore It will be seen that before the
OuLglde sections are finished the inside ones are
stained badly, thereby making it less salable. If the
readers of Gleanings wish to have their honey com-
mand a high price and get a name of producing the
lluest honey in market, they should take off' each box
as soon as scaled. Do you think this is a task V 11 so,
as Novice saya, "you are not fit for a bee-keeper."
Sei'ondly. during taking off box honey we have some
eool nights especially during the latter part of the
honey season, (the time when Novice tells yon you
will be likely to be troubled with robbers) and when
you get up a few cold mornings as soon as daylight
and find the bees stupid with cold and that they have
not gone out a bit you being compelled to carry them
to some place of salcty or put them back and wait for
a warm time, you will feel that shaking the bees off a
set of cases as you would from frames is not so '-slow
and laborious" after all. We never heard Novice say
that shaking bees from frames was slow and laborious.

Since we have got your ear friend Novice a subscri-
ber wishes to know where the diagrams and cuts of

our hive are which you promised in the Dec. No.
Lest this should seem too much like an advertisement
we will say that we do not care to sell any of our
wares and only advertise to accommodate those that
are really desirous of a sample to work from.

G. M. DOOLITTLE, Borodino, N. Y., April 12, '77.

I believe I deserve all you say friend I)., and
fraiikly admit tliat my personal experience
with comb honey is but limited. My excuse
for taking so much responsibility is that I
have been at much expense of both time and
money, in making myself thoroughly acquaint-
ed with almost all the hives before the world,
and with a large proportion of the principal
bee-keepers. Many succeed with very com-
plicated hives, but I believe others do just as
well with very simple ones. As an illustra-
tion ; our neighbor Blakeslee obtained 300 lbs.
of comb honey from a colony in section boxes
placed two high over the brood combs, and
his sections were taller than the ones we ad-
vise using two high. If one wishes, they can
remove the sections as fast as filled from the
L. frames, as well as from your small ones,
and even if a whole story is taken ofi" at once,
I know of no reason why it should be left un-
til the combs are discolored. After the bees
are all out, you can put the unfinished ones
back in the hive with very little trouble.

I cheerfully submit the matter to bee-keep-
ers as follows :

Can we aflbrd to adopt a case for section
frames that will not admit of being hung in
the hive or lower story just as the brood
frames are? In other words, can we afford to
have two kinds of frames, or I'ather frames of
two difi'erent dimensions in the same hive ?

If you decide you can, then consider the ex-
pense of the "rigging" — I can call it by no oth-
er term — needed to accommodate all these dif-
ferent fixtures.

I did intend to have cuts made of your hive,
but the fearful number of different pieces (that
I honestly think can be dispensed with) so dis
couraged me that I called a "council " of our
bee-keepers about here and although I defend-
ed it the best I knew how, they very emphat-
ically said it must be simplified ; which I feel
sure you will do soon, if you have not already,
friend I).

After the weather gets cool, we frequently
find the bees out of the boxes without remo-
ving the upper story, and by raising the upper
story high enough to put an empty one be-
tween it and the brood, we get the bees out
without the loss of a single one. Perhaps sur-
plus boxes had better not be more than 6
inches al)ove the brood, yet we last season had
over 200 lbs. to the colony stored in upper
stories piled up 4 stories liigh. In several of
the hives no brood was found except in the
lower story, and they stored honey quite rap-
idly over 2 feet above the brood. They were
prevented from swarming by giving them emp-
ty combs as fast as filled. How much labor
was required to remove this crop of surplus
think you? Had these upper stories betn
filled with frames of sections the yield might
not have been equal, but we obtained over 100
lbs. in sections piled up 4 high, from a colony,
and although the greater part of it was re-
moved at one time, the honey was beautifully
white. The fdu. converted me to box honey.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

123

STRONG STOCKS, UiviTIlVO, EXTRACT-
INCi, Sec.

W' IIAVK received and read your paper for some
,*|l months an<l am much pleased with it. The expe-
*~" rii'iKiC of our best apiarists can certainly guide
the Itee keeper much more safely and belter than the-
ory, and hence the value of statistics and facts from
your uiimeroui correspondents. I always read tlieir
communication.i with interest and wish sometimes
tlK'v mij!;lit l)e more particular in describing the
means liy whicli success is attained, and in case of
loss I wish if possible they would assign the cause.

LOSSES IK WINTERING.

1 lost several swarms of bees several winters ago
Ity reason of long continued cold. For three weeks
the mercury remained at zero or below and when a
sufficiently warm day came for bees to change their
position in the hive, I found to my sorrow that nearly
half my hives contained no live bees. The little in-
sects had clustered together as closely as possible,
consumed all the honey within reach and actually
perished from starvation with abundance of stores In
each hive. Since that time I have invariably taken
my bees into a cellar when a long continued spell of
cold weather came on and again returned them to
their summer stands when the weather became warm,
so as not to keep them confined in the cellar longer
than a month or two at a time. I have scarcely
lost a swarm since, either in winter or by spring
<i windlin ;.

STKONG STOCKS.

I believe one very important matter in bee culture
Is to keep the swarms strong. Two large swarms
came out so nearly together last spring as to cluster
In one mass and I hived them in a large hive without
attempting to divide them. The result was a speedy
filling of the hive and over 40 lbs. of surplus box hon-
ey. The colony is now the largest and best in my
apiary.

UNITING SECOND SWARMS.

I always unite two second swarms as soon after hi-
ving as possible by placing the two hives to be united
fide by side, and in the evening removing halt oi the
frames from one hive and filling the hive with frames
from the other, then carefully brushing all bees from
ttie frames removed as well as from the second hive
into the chamber of the first hive. I remove the
empty hive to some other place and have never seen
any difficulty about the bees intermingling and work-
ing harmoniously. Indeed they almost invariably
make surplus box honey the first season, while if
left separate, the half of them would not winter with-
out feeding.

The only single second swarm I have in my apiary
came out the 2d of August last and was so large that I
thought I would feed and try to winter it. I gave it
extra comb and 10 lbs. of honey last fall. 1 have since
given it 6 lbs. of sUgar made into syrup and 8 lbs. of
honey and am not through with it yet ; although it
has plenty of bees and plenty of appetite.

I learn that some bee-keepers in this locality have
lost a large percentage, about one-third of their colo-
nies during the past winter and are still losing altho'
honey is in the hives unconsumed. Possibly to© late
or too close extracting may have been the cause of
>he disaster. I can ascribe it to nothing else.

EXTRACTING.

By the way how many times can honey be extract-
ed froBi the brood chamber of a hive in one season
without serious detriment to the queen ? [We would
not extract at aU from the brood combs but from the
•thers as often as filled and sealed.] I am building a

honey house 8x12 ft. to do my extracting and Weep my
honey in. My idea is to extract from only half the
frames of a hive at one time and afterwards extract
from the other half. I thus can leave over half the
bees nearly undisturbed on each occasion and by giv-
ing one liive the frames emptied from another hive, 1
can in a very few minutes relieve the swarm from ag-
itation.

I went into winter ((uarters with 22 stands and have
lost none and only a handful of bees have died nnd
been removed from either hive. S. W. Salimjukv.

Kansas City, Mo., March 11th, 1877,

Wc arc glad to hear you speak approvin;jly
of our numerous letters, as some of the friends
have complained of their being tedious, e«*pf c-
ially those who talie so much time for del ails.

If we extract only from the comhs in the up-
per story, and keep all the brood below, wi;
can put the empty combs from one hive into
the upper story of the next, without trouble.
Lift out the combs bees and all, put In the
empty ones, close up the hive, and we can
then shake off the bees in front, and have no
confusion. When the combs are extracted,
carry them to the next hive, and so on.

JDOOI^lTTIiE'S ADVICE TO BEGINNERS.

^INGLOSED please find a letter from Mr Doolitile.

Ifmi written in reply to one I wrote him Linf many

others (1 presume) I am just starting in the liec

business, and think the advice given too valuable to
be >s:. A. G. Bl'rnettk.

Brownville, Neb., March 27th, 1877.

Dear Sir:— 1 make hives for sale and of course
am glad to sell them, but I will give you ad vloe as f
would a Iriend, witliout trying to grind any ax of my
own. In the first phice don't seud to me or any other
party for bees if they can be got within 20 miles <>f
you ; and it you have but little or no experience with
them do not buy more than two or three swarms and
select them as I gave directions in April No. Buy
black bees in box hives it you can get them (for they
can be bought much cheaper) and transfer them.
Then get a dollar queen (Italian) or two from difVM-eut
breeders and learn how to introduce them. Y ur
two swarms of bees will increase as fast as your
knowledge will, and if you take an interest In them
you will not be very liable to make a failure '*f tiie
business. Get some good movable frame hive* and
after transferring handle them often so as to learn ;ill
the inside operations of the hive. Keep experiment-
ing on what you read so as to prove what is g(iod I'-rt
throw away the bad. Don't get more than a sami.'o
hive of any one, but make the rest yourself Mave
your bees and yourself, self sustaining and after the
first start don't pay out for any thing in the bee i>u->l-
ness more than what the bees bring you in and thug
you will prosper. If you wish any thing farther don't
be afraid to ask questions for I am alway» read3 to
help anyone I can in the bee business.

G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y., Mar. 19th. '77.

QUEENS REARED IN NUCLEI.

S?SJ>7'JrLL you be so kind as to say whether you rc-

WM gard (jueens raised in nuclei as goofi as it

-' ^^ raised in full colonies ?

I used foundation last season with highest sati'^fac--
tb^n. J. M. Smith,

Cedar Springs, Mich., March 27th, 1877.
We belive it has been abundantly proven
that it matters little whether we have a quart

124

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May

of bees or bushel, so that houey and pollen
iiatherin^ are going on, and that all the con-
ditions of a piosperous swarm are at hand.
Perhaps a pint of bets might answer equally
as well during favorable weather, but the
Chances are rather against queens reared with
so few bees. They are (juite apt to get dis-
couraged and work feebly, the <|ueen larva; is
left with a meagre supply of food and we then
of course have feeble queens. We know strong
queens have been reared with less than a pint
of bees, but it is too unsafe to adopt as a rule.
More poor queens result, in our oi)inion, from
allowing the bees to use larva^ too old, than
from any other one cause, and we should
strongly advise having them reared from the

Winn AND IV.\RKOW TOiP BARS, AND
MOVING BF.l.S SlIOKT Ml STANCES.

C;1|AN yon tarnish metal corners of larger size than
)/ those yoii arc uslupt ? I must have the top bars
^^^ of mv Iramc 1 V inches in width. 1 am thor-
on^hly disgusted with narrow frames; the liees build
oomb on the sides ot the frames and acroBs the spaces
^o that I can not put the frames In place without
pinching the bees between the knots of wax that are
bn ' across the spaces between the frames. It is a
^reat trouble to cut those wax braces oil the frames
\u .1 ■'U una tjive of bees. With wider top bars this
d ffl-uliy is entirely obviated. I use a two story hive;
tilt- h*Hi is -.o intense here at timet- that wo could not
kfep the ci>rao iVom melting down without the top
i <>i-\ not even in the most dense shade. We some-
times )iav4 to raise or separate the stories so as to
ieave an air space between ihem and at the top to
prevent the melting of the combs.

I move bees short (iistances ^ay 5 to 1(1 rods, and by
shaking tliem on a cloth in front of tlie bivc. (it may
!>e loni' ln'ioie or alter removal but I preferlo do it at
the old location) and as soon as they aie settled on
th> combM moving to any locality they will not go
back, li l-i not necest ary to give them other than
their '> II combs. .Shaking them off the combs ren-
ders them homeless, and they will accept any place
ttiat vou ma.\ desire as a home. Bees here have vvin-
t"ii d A : : with chalf, without chiiff, without i\n> juo-
tec'ion n their summer stands and in cellar?.

Amnek ALi en, St. George. Kansas, A]ir. !)tii, "77.
Til: iiuitier of wide and narrow top bars, is
out' that has been carefully tested years ago,
ai d we only decided on ^g of an inch for the
\i: a I'orriers, alter some very faithful experi-
nitii!-> Wide top bars, like closid top bars
anil eii'i- \o frames, seem to be just the thini:
wlien first used with new hives, but after the
CO. lib-; iier old and well waxtd, and after thiy
have passed throujh a season of a bountiful
ti >w of hoiii y, we begie to see that there is
tiouliie with thetn, even greau r than with tiie
nariovv oius. In fact the whole top of the
Iiaiiies will be almost one solid piece. It may
b. i)ad at times with a narrow top bar, but
yi'U wilt assuredly And it worse with the wide
Oil. •< If >()U uive them an extended trial.
, The Diaii of shaking bees olf th*^ combs to
niiiKe them contented in a new location, will
.-iucceid sometimes, but it is so often a tailnre,
that we feel it will hardly do to recomniend it.
Some stocks seem almost determined to uo
back to their old home, no matter what we do
with them, vvhiie others seem to understand
very readily what is wanted, arid to be content

with almost any amount of moving. We will
have to go slowly, and work carefully, or we
shall meet with considerable losses.

OIJK OU^N APIAKY.

HOUSE AI'IARIES.

M PRIL llfh — Our bees are in beautiful cou-
^r\ ditiou, and the value of chaff cushions
"~^"^" and chaff packing, is demonstrated, at
least to our complete satisfaction. The house
apiary winters bees beautifully, if the hives
are chaff packed or cushioned. Weaker colo-
nies than we ever wintered out-doors have
come through in nice trim, when they were
protected with a chaff division board, auft a
thick cushion on top. The animal heat gen-
erated when they commence brood rearing is
really astonishing, for the cushions above the
cluster feel as we have said before like the
nest of a setting hen. The cushions are so
easily handled in the house, that we can over-
haul 20 hives easily in an hour. The house
apiary, is certainly a success, but still there
are some unpleasant features about it; both
dead and live bees are getting out in the room
more or less, and we are obliged to be con-
stantly sweeping the floor, if we would not
have mashed bees under foot. One also feels
cramped lor room in a way that is not the case
in the open air, and all things considered, we
shall probably have a wide difference of opin-
ion in this matter, as in many others in
bee culture.

CX>VEKS, IMPOKTANCE OF GOOD ONES.

One fine colony was found dead out of doors
just because the hive had ;i leaky cover, that
had permitted the cluster to get soaking wet
just before a hard freeze. Be sure your covers
are made of good sound boards, and then keep
them well painted.

^tEAI, FEEDINO.

We have thought for the past few seasons,
that meal feeding might possibly have some-
thing to do with the dwindlin<_', by starting
brood rearing unseasonably; but durinij this
hue warm April weatlter, the bees seemed so
hungry for something of the kind that thiy
even carried in large loads of sawdust, and in
pity f(>r them, we ifave them wheat flour.
They used nearly a [4 barrel sack in one day,
and under its influence they have started
brood so bountilully, we have decided they
shall have all ihey will take. If it results
badly, we will report.

S.MOKERS.

Mr. Bingham has very kindly .sent us one of
his siiujktrs, which works just about as well
as Quinby's, hut so far as we see, no better.
It is t)y no means as neat as the Qiiiiiby, and
i^ much moiv cheaply got up. With our too.'s
and machinery, it would be an t asy matter for
us to make them by the quaulity for 50c each.
Why can tluy hot be sold for an evi n dollar?
I conies- I hardlx know where du'y lies in
such matters.

May \2th — The ehafl" packed hivis have al-
ready comiTiniced sending a sti\aiii of warm
air out at the entrance, ^vhile those vviih only
a cushion on top. do nothing of the kind. One
of the l)est colonies we have, is in a hoop hive,
but it was banked up with savvdust nearly to
the cover, otherwise it has had only its sum-

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

12o

mcr qnilt and cover over it. The ijronnd and
sawdust, with the warmth from a heavy colo-
ny of bees in heav^' old combs, seemed to have
kept oat the frost almost entirely, for scarcely
a dead bee was found in the hive. The ob-

jection to such a plan, is that the hive would
very soon rot, from the eft\'cts of the damp
ground and sawdust, even should it always
succeed as well. We have thoujrht of placinaj
tin next the ground, but, it would be expensive.

THE ABC OF BEE CULTURE.

A.

ACS-E or SZSZIB. It may be rather dif-
ficull to decide liow long a worker bee would
live if kept from Avenring itself out by the
active labors of the field ; six months cer-
tainly, and perhaps a year, but the average
life during the summer time is not over
three months, and perhaps during the height
of the clover bloom not over six or eight
weeks. The matter is easily determined, by
introducing an Italian queen into a hive of
black bees at different periods of the year.
If done in May or June, we shall have all
Italians in the fall, and if we note when the
last black bees hatch out and the time when
no black bees are to be found in the colony,
we shall have a pretty accurate idea of the
age of the blacks. The Italians, will per-
haps hold out under the same circumstances,
a half longer. If we introduce the Italian
queen in September, we sh.ill find black
bees in the hive until the month of May
following— they may disapi)ear a little ear-
lier, or may be found some later, depending
upon the time they commence to rear brood
largely. The bees will live considerably
longer if no brood is reared, as has been sev-
eral times demonstrated in the case of strong
queenless colonies. It is also pretty well
established that black bees Avill live longer
in the spring than Italians ; probably be-
cause the latter are more inclined to push
out into the fields Avhen the weather is too
cool for them to do so with safaty ; they sel-
dom do this however, unless a large amount
of brood is on hand, and they are suffering
for pollen or Avater.

During the summer months, the life of
the worker bee is probably cut short by the
Avearing out of its Avings and Ave may at the
close of a A\'arm day find hundreds of these
heavily laden ragged winged veterans ma-
king their way into the hiA-es sloAA^ly and
painfully, compared Avith the nimble and
perfect Avinged young bees. If Ave examine
the ground around the apiary at nightfall,
Ave may see numbers of these hopping about
on the ground, evidently recognizing their
OAvn inability to be of any farther use to the
community. We have repeatedly picked

them up, and placed them in the entrnnce,
but they usually seem only bent on crawling
and hopping off out of the Avay, where they
can die Avithout hindering the teeming ri-
sing generation.

AGE OF DRONES.

It is someAA'hat difficult to decide upon the
age of drones because the poor fellows are
so often hustled out of the way for the sim-
ple reason that they are no longer wanted ;
but Ave may be safe in assiuuing it some-
thing less than the age of a Avorker. If kept
constantly in a queenless hive, they might
live for tlu'ee or four months perhaps.

AGE OF THE QUEEN.

As the queen does little or no out-door
work, and is seldom killed by violence as
are the drones, we might expect her to live
to a good old age, and this she does, despite
her arduous, oviparious duties. Some queens
die, seemingly of old age the second season,
but generally they live until the second or
third, and we have had them to lay A'ery
Avell, even during the fourth year. They
are seldom ])rofitable after the third year,
and usually the Italians will have a young
queen "helping her mother''' in her egg lay-
ing duties before she becomes unprofitable.
If a very large amount of brood is found in
a hiA'^e, two queens will often be fotmd,
busily employed, and this point should be
remembered Avhile seeking to introduce val-
uable queens.

ALSZKZ! CLOVER. This is a cross
betAveen the Avhite, and the red cloA^er, and
Avhile it furnishes full as much honey as the
red, the petals are so short, that the bees
find no difficulty in reaching it. The culti-
vation is so much like that of the red clover,
that AA'hat applies to the one, AA'ill do for the
other; as the seed of the alsike is much
smaller, a" less quantity is required. The
general rule, is four pounds to the acre. As
it blossoms only the second year, or A^ery
sparingly the first Avith ordinary cultivation,
it may be soAAm almost any time, and in fact
it is often sovn'u on Avheat on the snow in
March; in this way, A\-e can see just hoAv
evenly Ave are getting it on the ground. Al-
though alsike Avill produce some honey with

126

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May

almost any cultivation it is important to
have the ground nicely prepared if we wish
to get large yields of either hay or honey.
With good mellow ground, finely pulverized,
we may get a growth of three feet in height,
and a profusion highly colored blossoms that
will astonish one who has never seen such a
sight ; especially when the field is roaring
with the hum of the busy Italians. As a
lieavy growth is liable to lodge badly diuring
wet weather, it may be well to sow a sprink-
ling of timothy seed with it. If put in ear-
ly, it may on good soil, produce considerable
bloom the first season, but not much is to be
expected imtil the second year when it is at
its height. It will give a fair crop the third
year, but after that, if we would keep up a
yield of honey, it must be sown again. The
seed has for a number of years sold readily,
for about $12.00 per bushel, and the average
yield of seed, is about four bushels per acre.
It retails for about 25 cents per poiuid, and
60 lbs. is reckoned as a bushel. The honey
is equal to any in the world. See clover.

APIARIST. One who keeps bees, or a
bee-keeper ; and the place where he keeps
his bees, is called an

AFIA'RIT. As you can not well aspire
to the former until you are possessed of the
latter, we will proceed to start an apiary.

LOCATION,

There is scarcely a sx>ot on the surface of
the earth where mankind find sustenance
that will not to some extent support bees,
although they may do much better in some
localities than others. A few years ago, it
was thought that only localities especially
favored, would give large honey crops, but
since the introduction of the Italians, and
the new methods of management, we are
each year astonished to hear of great yields
here and there, and from almost eveiy quar-
ter of the globe. It will certainly pay to try
a hive or two of bees no matter where you
may be located.

Bees are kept with much profit, even in
the heart of some of our largest cities. In
this case the apiary is usually located on the
roof of the building, that the bees may be
less likely to frighten nervous people, and
those unacquainted with their habits. Such
an apiary would be established like those on
the ground in all essential points.

Select a spot near tlie dwelliiig, and if pos-
sible have it where you will V)s likely to cast
your eye every time you pass out or in. Al-
though tribes can scarcely be said to be ob-
jectionable we believe we would prefer a
clear piece of ground, that we might

supply the shade to our liking. It will be
an excellent investment of your tima or
money to have the plat nicely cleaned of all
rubbish, and the ground leveled as far as
may be ; if you can get it in the condition
of a brick yard all the better ; a gentle slope
would be desirable, and although a slope to
the south and east has been thought best,
we are not sure that it makes any particular
difference. As we wish the ground to dry
quickly after showers, it will be an excellent
plan to have it all underdr:) ined. If^ you
can not well do this, make open ditches
around the outside, or wherever water seems
disposed to stand. The ground should be a
little higher, for this very re;* son, and you
should be careful that no low j 'laces are left
where the water may collect and stand
around or near the hives.

Bees ascend with difficulty when heavily
laden, and on this accoimt we would have
the apiary located in a valley, rather than
on a hill that they may rise as tliey go in
quest of stores, and then have a downward
slope as they come in with their loads.
They will also suifer less from the effects of
heavy winds, when given a home on rather
low ground.

WIND brp:aks.

A tight board fence should suiTOund the
plat, at least on the north and west sides, to
keep off cold winds, and if it can be made
strong enough to stand tlie prevailing winds
it will be all the better to have it as much as
8 feet high. We would by all means advise
having some kind of an enclosure that will
exclude poultry, dogs, etc. A flock of ''en-
terprising" hens will make more disorder in
a few hours in a well kept apiary than the
owner can restore in a half day. We wish
to have the ground so clean that we can get
down on our knees in front of any hive at
any time. This we can not do in any enclo-
sure where poultry have free access. The
high strong fence will also do much to dis-
courage thieves from attempting to pillage
the honey, for climbing into such an enclo-
sure is quite risky business when it adjoins
a dwelling. If a part of the dwelling could
open directly into the apiary, it would be a
fine thing on many accoimts.

THE VINEYARD APIARY.

Get two i>osts 6 feet long and three inches
square; these must be of some durable wood,
white oak for instance. If you can afford
the trouble and expense we really would
prefer that you have them planed and paint-
ed ; at aiiy rate do not expect your apiary
ever to be any thing you may be proud of if

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

127

you pusl) down some old sticks temporarily,
one longer tluin the other perluips, and both
askev.', for such work soon becomes unat-
tractive and is shunned. Many visitors
have admired our apiary, and thought it no
wonder we enjoyed bee-keeping in such a
place, and these same persons have declared
their intention of tipping theii" poor neg-
lected hives of bees up square and true, re-
moving the weeds, starting grape vines, etc.,
but alas ! their attempts were too often but
a couple of sticks picked up hastily as we
have mentioned, and a few vigorous strokes
in the battle with old dame nature, and then
they desisted before the ''coy old lady" had
even had time to yield and bless her devo-
tees Avith such smiles as only the successful
cultivator of the soil knows she can give.

Select the site of your workshop, for such
we shall expect it to be, near the centre of
your plat of ground and drive these posts or
stakes so that they stand east and w^est and
just three feet from each other, measuring
from outside to outside. They are to be
driven in the ground so that just four feet
is left above, and they must stand plumb
and square ; if you can't make them other-
wise, gpt a lever and strong chain and twist
them until they are so. Now nail a strip of
I'lue board Ix'^- inches and 3 feet long, on the
y »uth of both, and jus '. level with the top,
from ojin to the other; just three feet below^
this, mil a similar one. When the whole is
square, true, and plumb, stretch three wii-es
from one strip to the other ; these are
fo be at equal distances from the posts and
fn:m each other, and we woidd then have
sonieti;inf- like the following figure.
B

-j

A

:E :I) :C

Let A. A, represent the posts, B, B, the
1x3 sUi'ps nailed on the south side of the
liijsts. and C, D, E, the wires. These wires
."•iici'ld be galvanized iron wire, about No.
Hi < V 17, larger would be more expensive
!.n«l no Letter. Now we are all ready to
h;ive a fine thrifty Concord grape vine plant-

ed directly underneath the central wire D.
Of course some other grape will do, but we
have found none so hardy and thrifty, and
that gives us the strong rapid growth that
is so desirable for making a shade for om-
hives as soon as extreme hot we-lher comes
on. Vines are usually planted only in the
spring and fall, but we should have very
much more confidence in your success if we
knew^ you were one of those clever individ-
uals who can plant a vine and make it grow,
at aiip season of the year. You can surely
do it if you have a mind to. Go to your
nearest nursery-man (don't ever buy of ped-
dlers) tell him what you want, and get him
to help you take up the vine, roots dirt and
all, soaking the soil with water to make it
stick together if need be, while you place
the whole in a bushel basket for transporta-
tion. Make a large hole beneath your trel-
lis, and lift your vine into it as carefully as
you took it up, fill in with good soil, and
after cutting off all the top but one shoot
with three or four leaves, treat it just as you
would a hill of com that you wish to do
extra v/ell. If the operation is done in hot
dry weather, it will probably need watering,
and may be shading, until it gets started.
"We expect you in future to see that no weed
or spear of grass is allowed to make its ap-
pearance within a yard at least of this grape
vine. Those accustomed to making rustic
work, would doubtless be able to make very
pretty trellises at a trifling expense for ma-
terials. This vine is to have its one shoot
tied to the central wire D, as fast as it
grows, pinching off all side shoots after they
have made one leaf. When it gets to the
top of the trellis, pinch it off also, and it
will soon throw out side shoots. Pinch all
off again except one on each side near the
bottom bar B. Train these by tying, straight
out horizontally until they reach the posts,
then train them up the posts and pinch them
off like the middle one. Now get two more
shoots to train up the w^ires C, and E, and
we are done. The future treatment of the
vines consists only in cutting the upright
shoots all back to the horizontal arms tied
to the low^er bar B, every winter, train-
ing hro new shoots up each wire and post
every summer, and pinching them off when-
ever they get to the top.

Very well ; yovu- one vine is supposed to
have become strong and vigorous, and to
have not oidy covered the trellis completely,
but to have seemingly become impatient of
being I'estrained by the continual pinching
back necessary to keep it within such nar-

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May

row limits. It ill fact has perhaps manifested |
this by blossoming and attempting to bear
cvrapes out of season near the top bar of the
trellis It is precisely like a colony having
too many bees for the size of the hive. Very
likely each one of the ten upright canes has
produced tliree or four fine clusters of extra
laro-e nice berries, but still the vigor of the
vine, (if our directions have been carefully
complied with) is equal to something more,
and accordingly we encourage one of the
outside canes by allowing it to send a new
shoot up above the rest of the trellis. When
this is well started, the whole c ine is bent
over so as to go str vight dowivto the ground

and then curved outward so as to lie in a
trench a few inches deep, that it may be
covered with soil enough to protect it from

injury. ^. ■, -e

A new trellis is now to be constructed, it

it has not been done before, just 3 feet from

the old one ; that is, the two trellises are to

have a walk of just 3 feet in width between

them. The new shoot grows very rapidly

and can soon be tied up to the first post of

the new trellis and across the lower bar.

Now select a side shoot for each wire, and

i almost before you are aware of it, you have

1 another complete grape vine. The acom-

panyiug engraving will make it all plain.

Tllii: \ INE^.VKl) Al'lAin , VNO '

The view is taken from the south side,
and the hives are just visible through the
foliage in their proper places. One slrong
vine will furnisli shoots for not only a new
one at the right and left, but also for the
whole six that are to surround the original
one, even in a single season if need be. As
the new vines take root almost as soon as
laid down, tlie old vine suffers but little
loss, and new ones that were started m this
manner the 4th of July were proUy well

•HWAUMINCi'' TllK GKAPK-VINKS.

loaded with fine grapes the next season;

Iheir connection with the old vine enabling

them to become bearing vines in one year

only. Although their remaining attached

to the old vine does not seem to impair its

productiveness, the aid they receive from it

is quite important. This matter we tested

by chopping one of the new vines off where

i it left the old one, as we were hoeing about

them. It had been growing with great vig-

1 or, and had considerable fruit on it, but the

IH77.

GLEANINGS IN B|:E OULTURE.

129

mexl d;^y the sun hmig Us foliage like wilted
'i'ah!):ige li'-ives. By heavy mulching and \
Htuckets of water, we induced it to look up
;igain. but it is far l)elnn(l its comrades, and
we iiave deci<led it best not to sever ''pa-
rental lios" in future at all, and if we are
(Cartful in lieing them close to the posts in
Jayingthem down, they are never in the way.
The ideii, that the culture of bees in any
way interferes with that of gi-apes is a joke
<ntirely outside of our exi>erience. Where

grapes are trained thus, fowls if allowed
will malce sad havoc among them ; tlie l)ees
of course then work on thf bruised ones but
seldom otherwise.

It may l)e \irged that the above is too
much trouble ; it is some, but the iine crops
of fruit that are almost sure to be secured
every season, should pay well for all the
trouble, and if you have more than is need-
ed for home use, you will find a ready sale
for such grapes at good prices.

THE LAWN OR CHAFF HIVE APIARY,

AVith these we can dispense with the grape
vines entirely, as their thick chaff packed
avails i)rotect them from the sun, as well as
from the frosts of winter. Such an apiary
may l>e made very pretty, for it is in reality
a ii.inature city, with its streets and thor-
oughfares. During the swarming season, it
will probably at times be quite a busy thor-
oughfare. Some expense and care is avoid-
f*d bj- this plan, it is true, but the hives cost
<;onsiderably more, and are rather unwieldy
to handle when bees are to be moved about,
sold etc. The fact that they can be safely
wintered on their summer stands, and that
very little preparation is needed to enable
them to winter safely, is much in their favor.

THE HOUSE APIARY.

This is a Aery old idea, having been rec-
^•nimended and used at different times for
more than a century past. Witii the strides
that bee culture has been making recently,
new reasons have -come up for making it
de.siruble that the hives should be housed ;
and in spite of the difliculties, many house

apiaries are now giving very good results,
and with perhaps less labor than when the
hives are kept in the open air.

The objections to the house apiary, are,
first the expense, especially the first expense,
for one can make a start in bee culture with
a very small amount of capital, with the
out-door hives, and the sales of honey and
bees will at once furnish all the capital need-
ed, for a moderate yearly increase. With
the house, the capital must be furnished at
the outset to build the building, and a house
for 50 colonies, will cost much more than
the same number of hives. Most apiarists
prefer working in the open air to being
cramped up in a building, (no matter how
large it may be) even at the expense of hav-
ing to perform more labor and take more
steps ; secondly, in a building we are obliged
to get all the bees out of a room every time
we open a hive, and bees either dead or
alive, are very untidy when crushed by
careless footsteps on the floor of a room.
To avoid this, necessitates an almost in-

130

GLEii^^INGS IX BEE CULTURE.

May

cassaut us^ o'l the broom. Agaiu, when
younp: bees are just sallying out for their
tiist ili,3lit, they will, it the hive is opened at
ji'SL the right time, come out in the house
in great numbers, ami to try to stop them
by any other means th;in clo.sing the hive, is
like tryin ;• to stop the rain from falling.
Thoi^e bi s titter having had their 'play-
spell, ' will iasist on reLaniin,j; to the hive
in the same way that they cama out, and if
th?y are dii ren out of the house and the

door closed, they will sometimes collect in a
large cluster on or about the door. It is
true they are seldom lost, for they will usu-
ally be allowed to enter the hives nearest
the door, but it weakens the hive from
which they came, and is very apt to puzzle a
novice in the business sorely. To obviate
this trouble we can avoid opening the hives
during the afternoon, or at such times as
the bees are likely to rush out for a play ;
after a shower for instance.

A M01>EK^i nOUSii Al iARY,

AVc give above, a very accurate ])!clare of
the bouse apiary that we have bsen using
f.. r the pasttv,'<) years, ex"ept that the artist
]■■'-■ given it a r;)of rather more faicit'ul
th-n our owji. Tiio iulcnor will be readily
undei stood Irom the d'.a'Tim; the uuper

story is at present occupied by the children
as a play room. Perhaps the most difficult
part to make in the whole building is the
roof, unless we make it of tin ; tliis is some-
what expensive but if kept v/ell ixiinted, it
will last almost indefiuitely. The orna-

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUI^E.

ISl

mental work, is of course in no way essen-
tial to the success of the establishment pe-
cuniarily.

The good and desirable qualities of the
house apiary, are first, it is always sheltered
and dry, and if the building is kept painted,
the hives will always be in good repair ;
this is (piite an advantage over out-door
hives. The hives can be much more quickly
opened, as they need no other covering than
the chaff cushions in winter, and a single
sheet of duck in summer. Secondly, sur-
plus honey, either extracted or comb, can
be removed in much less time, for we have
only to remove it and store it in the centre
of the room, instead of the laborious car-
rying that has to be done with out-door
hives. Also empty combs, combs filled for
destitute colonies, empty frames, frames of
section boxes, and in short everything need-
ed in working about the hives may be stored
in the centre of the room, within arms reach
of everyone of the 3G hives. Furthermore
we can handle the bees and do all kinds of
work with them during rainy and wet weath-
er when the out-door hives could not be
touched.

Nay, farther ! we can handle the bees by
lamp light after the duties of the day are
over, and we have repeatedly made new
colonies thus, to avoid tl;e robber bees that
were so aimoying in the day time, during a
dearth of pasturage. By closing the glass
doors, and opening the oiiter doors, we can
work in perfect freedom from robbers at
any season of the year. Artificial swarm-
ing, queen rearing, etc., can be carried on
very expeditiously, and at a small expense,
for the reasons we have mentioned. It has
been said that the bees sting worse in the
house, than in the open air. This may be
the case under some circumstances, but we
think not as a general rule. The house gets
unpleasantly filled with smoke from the
smoker, but it will be but little expense to
have a box in which to set the smoker, hav-
ing a smoke pipe communicating with the
oi)en air.

Many house apiaries are constructed of a
square or oblong shape, but our objections
to such, woidd be the difficulty of getting
the bees out of the corners of the room,
(this might be obviated by having a square
house with the doors at two opposite cor-
ners) and the increased danger of having
both bees and queen get into the wrong
hives. From the engraving of the house
ai)iary and diagram of the ground plan giv-
en below, it will be seen that only 3 hives

are on a side. The bees from the central
one, will of course recognize their own en-
trance, and those at each side, being the end
of the row, will also find theirs without
trouble. To make the entrance to each hive
still more conspicuous we take adviintage of
the battens on the building, as will be seen
from the diagram. The building is made of
pine or other boards one foot in width, and
these boards which are put on up and down,
constitute the entire frame of the building.
Six of them put as close together as they
will come conveniently, form one of the
eight sides, and the cracks are covered with
a beveled batten, one edge of the corner
boards being beveled slightly, that the bat-
ten may close the corner crack also.

DIAGRAM OF INTERIOR OF HOUSE APIARY.

A, represents one of the heavy outer doors,
and B, the light door with glass sash ; these
doors are the same, on both the east and
west sides of the building. G, is the shelf
that runs entirely around the room, on which
the hives are placed. It is about 3i feet
from the floor, and should be about 18 inch-
es wide. The hives are made by a simple
division board E, that holds a pair of metal
rabbets on its upper edge, one facing each
way; the combs are hung on these, and
when all are in place, a sheet of glass F,
bound with tin around its edges, closes the
hive by being hung in the rabbets the same
as are the frames. The top of the hive is
closed by the usual sheet of duck. During
winter and spring, the bees are protected by
thick chaff cushions laid on the duck sheets.
It will be seen that these sheets of glass face
the spectator on all sides of the room, and

132

GLEANINGS IK BEE CULTURE.

May

when during the working season, we can
see the bees tilling sections and bnilding
comb just back of these glass division
boards, the effect is more beautiful than
can well be imagined. The room should
afford as few comers where stray bees may
get a lodging, as possible, and to this end,
we close the triangular corners by bits of
board I, I. They may have a knob on top,
and these boxes will then serve for little
cupboards in which to keep various uten-
sils. If the room is open a great deal, the
bees are inclined to wast« time in buzzing
against the glass, therefore it may be well
to have a cloth curtain to drop over them,
except when we wish to examine the progress
of the colony. To prevent the house from
becoming damp, we need a ventilator H, in
the centre of the ceiling, about a foot square,
and we can also have a trap door in the cen-
tre of the floor to admit cool air from the
cellar, during very hot weather. D, is the
door step, and the entrances are shown
tlirough the walls, just by the battens. It
will be observed that the middle hive on
each side, has its entrance through, or rath-
er under the batten ; this is that the bees
may have an additional mark for their own
hive, for the entrances — 2 inch auger holes
—at the sides, are made at the right and
left of the battens. The plan seems to work
well, for we have lost fewer queens in the
house apiary than from any of our out-door
hives. The battens are also a shade darker
in color, than the rest of the house ; thus
making them ornamental as well as useful.
A light drab, is a very pretty color for such
a building.

Besides the hives we have just described
on the shelf, we have precisely the same
arrangement of them on the floor, or if pre-
ferred, raised on a little platform a couple
of inches above the floor. In exti-acting,
we can get along very well with the lower
tier, by removing the sheet of glass, and
shaking the bees on the floor close to their
combs ; with the upper ones, we find it best
to stand on a chair or box, and shake them
on top the frames close to the wall. If they
scatter about, and threaten to run all over
tlie walls and ceiling, take the next on the
other side, until they get back, assisting
them meanwhile with a little smoke. For
comb honey, we W(n-k just as we do with
the out-door hives.

The u]»i)er story will be found very conve-
nient for storing various things about the
apiary, such as the chaff cushions during
the summer, and enii)ty sections and combs

during the winter; for we wish to hive
our lower room at least always neat and
tidy.

FL.OATIN'G APIARY.

This project we believe has never as yet
been put in practice in our own country.
The idea is to have an apiary on a large flat
bottomed boat or raft which is to be floated
along, on some of our large rivers, so as to
be constantly in the midst of the greatest
flow of honey, almost the season through.
It is well known that the white dover com-
mences to bloom flrst in the extreme south,
and then gi-adually moves northward ; if we
could be in the midst of this yieM during its
height, for 6 or 8 months, it w )uld seem
enormous crops might be obtain- d. We are
infonned by history, that the ancient Egypt-
ians of the Nile made a practical success of
these floating apiaries, and that they were
warned when it was time to return home
by the depth to which the boat sank in the
water, under the weight of the cargo of hon-
ey. That the bees might not be lost, the
apiary was floated to a new field during the
night. Something similar, located on wheels
to be drawn by horses, has been suggested,
but we believe never attempted.

THE RAILWAY APIARY.

The honey house is placed at the lowest
side of the apiary and a track or tracks with
proper switches made to run between each
two rov/s of hives. A barrel is fixed low
down in the car, and extractor and iuiple-
ments placed over it. The whole is covered
with a light, square tent, made of cjinvass
and wire cloth for an assistant to work se-
cure from robbers. Roll your car to the top
of the slope, hand the full frames from the
hive through a slit in the canvass to your
assistant until the hive is finished, then roll
your car to the next two hives, and so on
until you get to the house, when your barrel
should be full and ready to roll oft' for an-
other.

The same arrangement would answer for
avoiding the labor of removing comb honey
from the hives ; and if the bees are wintered
in-doors, the hives can be placed on the car,
and run directly into the wintering house.

Some experiments have been made with
hives permanently located on small low
cars, which are to be run into a frost-proof
house for wintering, or whenever the weath-
er is such as to make it advisable to house

tJiem.

« — ♦ •

There now! I lime finished the firsts pag-es of
my A B C Book, my I'ricnds, and now if I have made
any mistakes, please tell nio where on a postal, and
we will have it right before we go any farther.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

133

From BifFereut Fields.

"CORN-CKIB" HOUSE APIARV.

•?i|A ^irA' bees are wintered through now, young bees
fTOJ! are hatching plentifully and old are gathering

J pollen. That is the turning point; they will

^ow stronger now. You are in possession of my
ways <it wintering ; there are only two ways that will
l>e noticed much, the be»t plan is cellar wintering;
that is my opinion, but chaff is my hobby and I shall
•iide him (or "lun" to the tune ol 8250, on the plan you
«>cntioncd on jiage 105. This building will Ije in op-
eration June Ist, and Is designed lor 5u hives. It may
tie a failure, but will make a good shop then. Now 1
want to say my hives are full of bees, raised last fall,
tlicy will be there until they swarm in June, crowded
aJl through the spring. Am raising drones now.

J. L. Davis. Delhi, Mich., April 10th, \i:Ti,

Very glad indeed frieud D., are we to hear

30U are goiujj to make a trial of this apiary,

and we hope you will keep a record and tell

us just how much one costs for 50 hives. We

week for 50c each. But won't there be lota of resting
here this year. I think bee-keepers are better situ-
ated than mofit other clrtt^ses. We hope generally to
save our stock, but there is slight hope of Increase or
honey. Nearly all the honey is sold out of this part
of the i-tate. I am glad I have over 5 tons of it yet on
hand. u. Wilkin.

San Buenaventura, Cal., March 20th 77.

Wo give the above to show some of our
many readers, that even California has its un-
pleasant features, and bad seasons now and
then.

The saw ordered of you March 5th came to hand the
.id iu.st. The delay was occasioned by some improve-
ments being niacle which were ample compennation.
It worked finely, but it is a man's business to run it
8teady ail day. Have sawed out stuff for CO L. hives.
W. C. Gillette, Le Roy, N. Y., April 7th, '77.

OVER STOCKING.

There are over .'(00 swarms of bees within 3>^ miles
of me, and they seem to do just as well as ever. I d®
not tLink this locality can be over stocked.

M. L. IlAKNET, Hartford, Wis.

Please find enclosed $l,t'0 tor advertisement in dollar

would caution all who experiment with house , ^^een list for one year. My bees have wintered in
apiaries, about leaving any crevices where the the tinest condition. We think our bees are purer
oees may get out into the room. They will bt 1
j^ure to get out if it is a possible thing, and
then you will not only lose your bees, but they j
will present a very unsijjht!}' appearance lying ;
<iead about the room and scattered over the
iloor and around in' the cracks and corners.

than any imported Italians, just as good workers, and
they will not steal and rob like imported stock.

Miss a. Davis, Holt, Mich., April 10th. '77.
We fear Miss A., you are a little prejudiced
against the imported queens, for we have nev-
er found their bees disposed to rob, anything
like the hybrids. Although we are hardly
prepared to say your bees are purer than the
imported ones, we can say they are very fine
robbers as we do out of doors. At] '««'^ing. S'^ut'e'. a»ji ^ery good workers. We
are unable to say which course i ^"'^ ^"^^^ our friends will be pleased with any

If the spaces between the strips of siding were
far enough part to allow the bees to get out,
perhaps this would be remedied, but then we
.-hould have to keep everything closely cov
■cred from
j^resenr, we are unable to say

would be most desirable. Perhaps the two
<-an be combined. After opening a hive, many
limes bt'cs will stray out along the walls and
get on the floor — a prompt and can ful use of a
Quinby smoker will remedy this very much —
;md Wf can leave the doors wide open and let
iJiem get out at their leisure, or we cau brush
und broom tliem out. As it is quite inconve-
Hiieut to have the house open when we go
;iway, we have been in the habit of using the
broom. If left on the floor, they are sure to
be stt pped on and therefore this brooming
business is quite a disagreeable task, that we
<;ntirely escape with the out-door hives.
Again; the bees that get out inside of the
house, very often know nothing of the outside
entrance at all, and unless gathered up and
put back into their own hive, are pretty sure
to be lost. Attempts have been made to reme-
dy thjjj by having a window or opening throu'
the wall over the entrance to each hive — this
is quite an expense, and openirg and closing
>o many, makes a good deal of labor and com-
i|>licattoa.

CALIFORNIA.

We c^insider our rainy season past and we have
»uly 2 inches nf rain. It is almost entirely certain
Miat we will have no grass lor the next 8 or 10 months,
and .ilmost no crops. There is much foreboding of
'iisire>;B this season in southern Calllornla. Hogs are
iH'ing Jattened and shipped off; sheep, great herds of
ihem are being fed to the hogs, or shorn and sent liOt)
miles to Arizona. I boiiglit two good muttoas last

you may send out, and as you are the only
lady in the list, we hope thty will keep you
busy fllliug orders. We should like much to
pay you another visit when your father gets
that "corn-crib" apiary going.

BEES ATTACKI.SG THEIR OWN QUEEN.

iSees are doing finely, have had 2 swarms, one on
the 4th and one on the 5lh, both Italians. I was look-
ing through a hivo of hybrids on the 5th for the queen
and (jueen cells; found no cells but found the queen
in a knot of bees that were apparently trying to kiH
her, this being before I had even touched the frame
she was on. I released her, put a little honey on her
and put her among some bees at the entrance, they at
first seemed to receive her kindly but Anally clinched,
her again and 1 think would have killed her. I then
caged her and introduced her as though bhe had been
» strange queen. Now If you knocv the cause I would
like to have it and the remedy. s. P. Barlow.

Adamsville, Tenn., April 9th, 1877.

It is not always easy to explain cases of
this kind, but we think it is generally occa-
•sioned by bees from some other hive getting iu
by accident. Had you not been changing the
position of the hives, or had not bees irom one
of the new ^warms by some accident got into
this one? It frequently happens that strange
bees will be permitted to go in quietly, and
they fltiding a strange queen, will attack her,
even though they may be but a handful or
less. The remedy, is to casre the queen as you
did, if you can not scare them out of their no-
tion by a very severe smoking.

134

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Mav

I have no difficulty in sawing with my busw saw
when it is properly fed, but the leeding is a little diffi-
cult for an inexperienced hand. I think I can work,
remarkably well on it for the experience I have had.
I wish to run it by horse power, since I have a good
horse standing in the stable to be cared for two or
three times a day. I would like to know of tlie
cheapest effective gearing I could use for that pur-
pose. Probably yon could give something on this
point that might interest a number of your readers.

Isaac I^ Pakkek.

McMinnvIUe, Tenn., Mai'eh 8th, 1S77.

The feeding is very important, and if you
CTOvyd the saw so as to reduce the speed, you
are standings very much in your own way.
Will some of our readers who make light run-
ning horse powers, please answer ? One of our
readers once mentioned maliiug a cheap horse
power of an old worn out mowing machine.
These can 1k' purchased cheaply almost any
where.

STIMULATIVE FEEDING.

i:>o yon feed in the spring to promote Ijrceilins: ?
Calvin Otis, Stockbridge, Wis.

A few seasons ago, we found spring feeding
a benefit, without doubt, but of late there
seems to be very good ground for thinking it
aggravates spring dwindling. Especially when,
we feed during cool spring weather. After the
weather gets settled and warm, there is no
nicer way in the world to make combs and
colonies, if you can only afford to buy the
sugar.

COMB HONEY PKOM BEES THAT HAVE DIED;
GIVING THEM TO NEW SWARMS.

I have lost 3 stocks that left pienty of honey and as
they are in mov.^ble frames, I think it too bad to destroy
Ihe combs to use the honey. I found on examining them
that they had not (blustered in the centre of the hive, but
m two of them, entirely to the south side. Thera was no
brood in one and plenty of bees, in another a few bees
almost ready to come out, and a goodly quantity of bees,
in the last not many bees and no brood. They all .seemed
lively and all right through the nice weather in February.
Now shall I put new swarms (in case I have any) in tliose
hives where the bees have died without removing the
honey ? M. J. Robinson.

Toledo, Ohio, March 21tth, 1S77.
Do not think of destroying the comb.s by
any means. We have repeatedly used such
for making artificial swarms, and haA'e hived
natural swarms on them ; the result was al-
ways satisfactory. Fasten the hives up so
moths and robbers cau not get in, and they
will ])robably be all right until wanted. It
will be well to brush the dead bees out of the
hives and look them over occasionally to see
that no worms have found a lodgement, but
the dead bees that remain in the cells can be
left for the bees to carry out ; they can do it
better and cheaper than asy one else, and if
you watch them, you will see they do it very
quickly. Your bees probably died becau.se
tiiey had clustered away from the honey, and
tihey are very apt to work over to the south
side of the hive, at this season, to get the
warmth of the sun as it strikes the south side.
On. this account we have practiced during
.March and April, pushing the well filled
ffiombs up to tliis side. The hive that had just
hutching brood, it would seem had the modern

spring malady, for it usually seems to take oft'
the bees just about as the young are hatchinif.
Very likely the chaflT cusliioas would hav.-
saved them. Their sUrtiug brood rearing in
February, may have been all the worse for
them.

I am a beginner and one year ago moved from
Michigan to this place, and bought one Kentucky bee
gum which was all I could find in this vicinity for
sale, thoughlmany kept them. Result, May 20th, firf^t
swarm— small — put into an L. hive of my own make
no upper story. Another swarm came out May 30th -
both small swarms. July 6th the swarm of May ^CHi.s
sent out a swarm, and July yth its second swarm^
At 'thlsjitlme the honey yield ceased and 3 swarm^;
starved before winter set in. I then commenced t(>
feed the two left, with crushed sugar made into thlek
syrup. They are still alive and yesterday left thf-
meal and floi^r and gathered genuine pollen. Over
three-fourths of the Dees in this vicinity are dead.

Will it paylto transfer into hives and get an ex-
tractor with only two swarms to start with ? Will it
do to put sections in the sides of the hive and extract-
fromjthe body of the hive ? Are section boxes in tht-
sidejas^good as on top ? How do yon examine the In-
side of hive when supers are on top ?

I have Quinby's work but am disappointed in It. It.
seems strange to me that it should be recommendcS
as a standard work; good as far as it goes but how i^~'
one to learn the extracting business out of a work
that does not treat on that subject. And what aboiu
foundation combs, there ought to be a supplemeiis
added t work. H. Scranton.

Plummer's Landing, Ky., March Slat, 1877.
The above shows plainly the value of ex-
pending a little in sugar rather than let the
bees starve. There is quite a chance af getting
enough honey from even two colonies, to pay
for ah extractor, and should, they increase as
heretofore, you will very soon have an apiary-
Transfer them by all means while your num-
ber is small, and then it will be as easy to put
the new swarms into frame hives, as into tivc
boxes. If you use the section boxes at tlu-
sides, we would hardly advise extracting the
central combs, lest you let your bees starve
again. It is hard to say which position is
best for the boxes, but it is pretty certain a
strong colony, will need them both at sidi^s
and above. Lift ofT the upper story when you
wish to examine the brood combs, to be siui-.
We are well aware, that both Quinby's au<f
Langstroth's book are almost sure to disap
point one who wishes to become posted up to
the times.

SECTION BOXES MADE BY GLUEING.

After trying all ways that I ever heard of or coul^t
think of myself for putting together section frames, 3
find glue the "Bo93,'\that is, if you want them put
together solid out of very thin stuff, no grooving, no
nailing, and no bother about it. Make several lon.u
boxes just the size ol inside of section box so that you
c."»n pwt lf» on at a time with a cleat on each side ol
the long box tc kold them i,n place. I can put togeth-
er section Sfiamcs; enough in'one.vlay to hold all the
honey that 10» stocks ofjbcos wili make In one season
In any locality. !Iii:\m Eoor.

(^ireon Oity, Mich.. March 30t.h, 1877.
We suppose our friend refers to making
boxes out of wide, thin lumber, aad then saAV
Ing off ring-* -m it were from a number of the

1«T7

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

135

ties in the way aside from the great amount of
store room that is needed for so many made
up. besides the bulky packages they make for
shipping. We doubt if the glue joints will be
louud strong enough in practice to stand the
.^itraiu of such large saws in sawing them up,
although we have made very good boxes in
the manner mentioned. We think friend R.,
you will find you have stated it pretty strong,
i)efove you have made many thousand at a
cent apiece.

Uec'd Simplicity and contents on the 3d of this
month, came through all sound and am well pleased
with them. We have one hive put together in our
i-arpenter sliop and it takes the eye of everybody that
Jius looked at it. Have 4-. colonies, packed in chaff and
refuse from flax on the sides and over the brood. It
Ivceps them warm and dry.

BiKU Webster, Bedlord, Iowa, April lOlh, '77.

long boxes at once. There are several diflicul- can smell it in fresh honey, you may bet your "bot-
tom dollar" that honey won't candy. JJon't laugh at
this but try it.

Hans and I took our bees out April 4th in gond or-
der. I iiavc .'{.") stocks, and no hives made. I have fed
/i bushel rye since. A neighbor had 2 stocks leave
their hives and enter others in the cellar, during win-
ter. Did you ever hear of that before ^ I saw a hive
set out of a cellar the other day that had consumed
•40 Iba. of honey without a fly. The bodies of the bees
were so distended, that they could not fly but crawled
out on the ground and died by thousands. They had
not been disturbed and a hive silting by the side of it
wintered well.

Your "traci" in last Gleanings is valuable, and I
will distribute some April No"s if you will send me
some. Hans is going to make his own hives and
frames, but the metal corners make him covetous.
He lost all his bees once and he is "going slow," and
••learning to peddle" now, and I think will succeed.
R. L. .Joiner, Wyoming. Wis.

We never heard of bees deserting their hives
in the cellar, but we saw a colony swarm out
in the green house,, and cluster on the sash.
Was the cellar dark enough V Go slow and
work carefully, is a good motto. Our own
losses this past winter have been less than 5
per cent — the best result we have ever made,
and it was accomplished mainly, by going
slow on increase, and being careful to have
each colony just as it should be ; the chaff cush-
ions, were doubtless the means of making the
house apiary a success.

Commenced in the spring of 187t) with 10 weak col-
onies. I increased to 25, with $1'25.00 net profit. All
remained on summer stands through the winter; 6
froze or starved as yours did, the honey on one side of
the hive and the bees on the other. In your April
price list you say the Quinby smoker has been im-
]ji'ove<', being stronger and more duraldo. I think
it should be so, for the one I ordered of you last year
did not last me half through the season and I know
it WHS not abused; the cover seemed rotton.

Benj. F. Clardy, Rolling Home, M».

RIPEMNG HONEY.

You say, " If we are correct, perfectly ripened Jion-
t'y, neither candies nor oozes out of jars and barrels."
1 have extracted sealed honey and bad it to candy or
iHugar in six weeks ; have had the same hoaey to can-
<!y after being placed in a vessel and putting that in
sHother containing water and boiling the water (or
Uaif an hour ; would you not call that honey ripe ?
T. B. Parker, Goldsboro, N. C, April 11th, 77.

I have been in the habit of calling all sealed
tioney ripe, but the honey we mentioned that
did not candy, was clover honey that remained
ij". the hives all summer. Whether such treat-
ment will produce the same kind every time,
<»r whether the honey when gathered had s-ome
peculiar property of resisting granulation, are
matters on which we are unable to decide.
Many of our readers have reported honey that
would not candy, and we have been in the
habit of ascribing this property to the source
from which it was gathered. Who will give
us more light on the matter? This honey that
will not candy, is certainly the finest flavored
cJover honey it has ever been our fortune to
taste. The flavor is slightly like very fine ma- I
pie syrup and when held up to the light in a |
glass jar, it has none of the greenish tinge that ]
is seen in the unripened extracted honey, but \
has a crystal clearness. '

Halloo ! Here comes friend Joiner with a
word on the subject, and we guess he must be
tbout right, for he generally is.

V'ou are wrong in your conclusion that riptned
honey wonH candy. The ripening process lias noth-
ing to do with it. I can tell by the smell whether my
honey will candy or not. I can show you honey that
has had nothing added to it that will not candy under
any circumstances, and other honey that rnU candy
under amj circumsiances. Catch a wasi>, crush and
si'iell of if, now remember that smell, and when you

We hardly get time to laugh during the
mouths of April and May, but sometimes some
one who is just learning, in this vast sea of
humanity, makes such a queer mistake, that
even our "postal scribes" laugh. Listen :

Enclosed find §2,00 for which please send me by
mail one set of iron corners for making frames over,
and the balance in comb fdn., about? lbs. to the foot.
Henry Gulp, Hilliard, O., April 11th, 1877.
P. S.— Gleanings gets better and better.

Many seem to get our corners mixed up
with Quinby's corners for hives, and not a few
have queer fancies in regard to the way fdn.
should be made, but we do not know that we
ever before had a customer who wanted it so
thick that 7 lbs. would be required for a square
foot. That kind would not "sag," would it
friend C. ?

CLirPING QUEEN'S WIN«S.

I clip my queen's wings in this way. I cut both
large wings ofl"very close to the body leaving only the
small ones. The beauty of the queen is not impaired
and the object is easily effected. The time consumed
in the operation is greater but I think one is fully
compensated by avoiding the buggy appearance.

Richard Ferris, Belleville, N. Y.

DRONE LARV^, HOW TO GET IT OUT.

We commenced the winter with 88 colonies, their
condition to date as follows ; "S A No. 1 colonies, 2
queenless, and 2 dead. The balance are rather weak-
er but will come through. The first natural pollen on
the 12th of April. J. Butler.

P. S.— Tell Bro. Dooliftle when he wants to get lar-
vse out of drone combs, to pump water on the combs,
letting it fall 2 feet or more, and most of the larvaj will
jump out; afterwards i)ut into extractor and throw
out the water.

•Jackson, Mich., April 16th, 1877.

136

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May

The hive was received in fine order, it is very satisfacto-
ry to me, and has been viewed with admiration by all our
farmers who hive kept a few box hives for the last forty
years without any returns and want more light.

A. Bbadford, Tiverton, R. I.

How many colonies or about how many bees are there
in the U. S. ? Frit nd McConnel who is one of the oldest
bee men in the South, has made a grand discovery. We
have seen frames full of brood capped over 9 days after
they were placed in the hive, showing conclusively that
the bees constructed the comb during the first day the
empty frames were given them.

A. C. LiTTLEjOHN, New Orleans, La.

It would be a very hai'd matter to make
even a rough guess at the number of colonies,
they are increasing at such a rapid rate of late
years. There are perhaps 1000 in Medina Co.,
but our state would perhaps average less than
one-fourth that number; may be 20,000 in all.
Now if there are 25 states having as many, we
should have about a half million in all. If
anyone can do better go ahead.

Can't quite agree to your great discovery,
until we know just how long it is from the
egg until the larvae is capped over \ if we are
right, it may be as soon as 6 days, under very
favorable conditions, and at other times, as
long as 9. If you had a frame filled with
sealed brood in 9 days, it was certainly doing
extraordinarily well.

A NEW HOIfKT PLANT.

Enclosed find seeds of tlie coming honey plant. I do
not know its n ime, but will describe it as well as I can.
Some six years a?o, Mr. T. G. McGasv, of Monmouth, give
me some seeds of honey ijroducing plants, but 1 don't
know that he told me names. I sowed them along the
hedges and fences. A year or so later I noticed the bees
working on this plant and it is now spread pretty gener-
ally over the county. It is a large coarse grower from 4
to 8 feet in hei.;ht, coarse leaf, branching top covered
with innumerable little balls about the size of No. 1 shot.
When in bloom there is just one little flower leaf on each
ball which is dark purple, or violet at the outer point
and lighter as it approaches the seed ball. The ball has
an opening in it at the base of the leaf. The ball is hol-
low. It is seldom seen in the forenoon without honey
shining in it. Take a branch olT and turn it down with a
sharp shake and the honey will fall in drops. It com-
mences to bloom about the 15th of July and remains until
frost. Bees frequent it from morning till night. The
honey is a little dark, but of very good quality. I think
it would be best to sow in seed bed and transplant and
cultivate like tobacco. Jas. A. Simpson.

Alexis, Ills., April 12th, 1877.

If any of our readers can name the plant
from the above description, will they please
do so. Also, as our friend has been rather lib-
eral in sending us the seeds, we will mail a
few to those who would like to give it a trial.

BAB HIVES, ETC,

Agitation is the beginning of wisdom. Yes, nails will
crush bees, but not half so badly as tin corners and not
one-tenth as badly as wood.

We like friend Doolittle's criticisms, they are in the
right spirit ; but when he says a thing can not be d.)ne,
even by a Yankee, we think him a little fast.

With the same capital and labor, a skilled apiarist c;in
make more money, we think, with a bar than a frame
hive. Adam Grimm never made his money by the use of
division boards, etc., but by his skill and extra hone^

field. We have seen and handled many of his hives and
they are th-i simple, cheap L. hive. We con^ider IHr.
Moore's head level, but we would not care to be in the
same neighborhood when Capt. Hetherington clones up
his Q. frames of a hybrid colony 60,000 strong, and yet we
consider ourselves nearly bee sting proof. So far as J. S.
Harbison goes, why he is in honey up to his shoulders or
he would not have come out so far ahead with a hive
much worse than the Langstroth. If we were in Califor-
nia we would use none but a bar hive, which if properly
made, is only the L. hive simplified.

We put 91 stocks in cellar Nov. 12th, and took out.
April 7th, 89 alive and in fair order ex;ept three that are
qufenless.

Yours for do.?tetr»and cents on small capital with little
labor. Chas. Hash. VGS & Son.

Carlisle, Iowa, April 16th. 1877.
Friend H. perhaps you'd better invest some
of your spare time in trying to ci ush a bee
with the metal corners. If you use the metal
rabbets also, you can set your frame down
without paying any attention to how many
bees are clustered on them ; you will have to
work nearly all summer to catch a bee, and
you can not cut him in two even then, as you
can with the nails, without trying very hard.
We do not want our bees killed at all, but ev-
ery time we handle the closed Quinby frames,
the sight of the little fellows quivering in ag-
ony fairly haunts us for hours afterward.

Adam Grimm only obtained about 15 lbs.
per colony on an average, before he went to
Italy for his Italians. That does not look
like an extra "field."

In the Standard Langstroth frame at 25 cents each.
My former partners having quit the bee business, we
have a quantity of good combs ai above price.
4tfd Address F. T. NUNN, Peru, Huron Co., Ohio.

Price List of Bees, Queens, Etc., for 1877.

1 Full colony .. .. with tested queen §13 00

1 three frame nucleus " " " 5 50

1 " " " " dollar '• 4 no

1 tested queen 2 50

1 untested " •. 1 ou

A discount of 10 per cent will be made on all orders
of more than .$10 00 each. All my queens are raised
from Imported 3Iothers, I only guaranteeing the safe
arriv.il of all tested queens within 1000 miles. The
money must accompany each order, and all orders
will be filled strictly in "rotation. My location enables
me to furnish queens much earlier than parties far-
ther north. Address,
2-lOd E. W. HALE, Wirt C. H., W. Va.

^PAT. BINDERI

[periodicals^

You cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said —
"Dear me what a bother— 1 must have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson fSimU'r as soon as it comes
and you can sit down bapiiy, any time you wish to find
any ihing you may have previously seen even though
it were months ago.

Hinders lor Gi^KANiNGS (will hold them for tour
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for ,50, &), and 75c, ac-
cording to quality. For tiible of prices of Binders for
anv Periodical, see Oct. No., Vol. 2. Send in your
onler.s. .A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

ih:

Number
of Sub-
scribers
required
at or
at
1.00

75c.

TABLE OF PREITIIUmS.

The Jirsi cidniun is for those only, e, s
who send 5 or more names. S'S

£! J)
Names of Premium Articles. ^fiL

Any of them sent posl-paid o» rec'pt of price.
I — L/thof/niph of Ajiiari/, Implements, etc. 25

:2 — l'/i'ito(jrnph af Ildiisc Apian/ 25

■.i—"T/uit J'rcsiiit:' Soi-ic- (iihi Blue Eyes 25
■■J — Emerson's Hinder for Gleaivings,

will hold 4: Volumes 50

6 — " " better quality....: 60

1— Pocket Marpi i/u'nia Glass 60

Jj — yirst or stc<i)i(/ !'((/«;»('(»/ Gleanings.. 75
i* — Best qiioNty Emerson's Binder for

Gleanings 75

to — Double Lens Maffnifier,on 3 brass feet 1,00
1.1— Photo Medley, Bee-JCeepcrs ofAmerica\,00
li— First and secoiul To/. (/Gleanings.. 1,50
13 — Centennial Cnhinet Clock; a pretty and
accurate time piece., that leill run even

u-hen carried about, for only §2 00

i4 — .-1 real Conipiunid MirrtKicopc. beauti-
fully finished, and packed with Imple-
men-ts in a JIahogany Bo.v 3 15

CASH FOR BEES^WX^

We are pA\ inp: 32 cents per pound for yellow hees-
■vrax, in lots "of from 50 to !>,000 or more pounds, deliv-
ered at Syracuse, or 33 cents, if exchanged for white
wax. ]f you have any wax on hand, and can deliver
it at the above price, please do so, and we will send
vou our check on receijit of ihe same.

ECKEKMAN & WILL.
"-7-'77 Wax-bleachers. Syracuse. K. Y,

One Hundred CoSonies

PURE ITALIAN BEES FOE SALE CHEAP. Send for
Circul.-ir .ind Price List. C. C. VAUGHAN.

3-8 hi q. Columbia, Tenn.

Improved (^uiiiby Smoker.

Quinb.x 's " Bee - Keeping Explained."
l?ox materia! for as practical a box as can
be made. Glass cheaper !han ever be-
fore. Queens, Hives. Colonies, Extractors,
Hive Clasps, Bee Veils, etc.

Send for Illustrated descriptive Cir-
cular. L. C. ROOT,

Alohawk, Herkimer, Co., N. Y.
4tf

4tfd

At S7,50 Per Colony.

M. PARSE, Pine Bluff, Ark.

WC. GILLETTE, tcroy, N. Y,. Breeder
. of Pure White Leghorn Eowls. Eirgs S2.50 per
dozen. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. Will ex-
change for a few Stocks of Bees or Nuclei. 3-5

Iowa latest and best machinery and promptly supply

Pure Beeswax Coml) Foundation.

at the following low prices : Made from yellow wax,
7tc per lb. ; white wax, 90c per lb. Sheets 12 inches
wide or leas and as long as wanted. Five cells to the
inch and 4 to 8 square leet to the pound. Packed in
liglit woo<len boxes— paper between the sheets,
iiheets cut to any desired sixe. Ten per cent discount
on 50 lbs. or more. Wax delivered here, will be
worked up for 3f.c per lb. or for half the wax. High-
est cash price paid for pure wax delivered here.
Freight or Express charges to be paid by the purcha-
ser. By mail, add 25c per lb. to above prices. Order
early before the summer rush. Sample by mail, ICc.

Enlarged circular, giving prices ot Queens, Bees,
Hives, Boxes, Extractors, etc., etc., sent free to all.
It tells how to introduce queens, how to use fbunda-
lious, and many uselul hints,
ritf J. H. NELLIS. Canajoharie, N. Y.

A-fl Queens, Hives, Metal Corners, etc. Also Pa-
CpJL pers and Magazines, at club rates to single sub-
scribers. Send for circular to
5tf T. B. PARKER, Goldsboro, N. C.

f ci|^6 %mndaUm§ I

PURE BEES WAX.

Cut to any size desired.

PACKED IN NEAT WOODEN BOXES-PAPER BE-
TWEEN EVERY TWO SHEETS. AT 81.00 PER
POUND FOR THE WHITE, OR 75 CENTS
PER POUND FOR THE YELLOW.

Or, if you prefer, 12 cf- 16c. per sqiiare foot.

IF WANTED BY MAIL. ABU 25 CENTS PEE POUND FOB
PACKING AND POSTAGE.

If taken in our regular j)acking boxes, sheets 12x18
inches, 10 per cent, off from aijove prices 0!i 10 pounds or
ov<>r.

■Wax will be worked up to oi-der, and cut into sheets ol
any size desired, for 40 cents per pound.

We will pay 35 cents per pound cash for bright yellow
wax, or sell it for 10.

One pound of wax makes from 4 to 8 square feet of sur-
face. The thinnest will be used ly the bees, but is not
made into comb as quickly as the heavier, which has a
greater depth of cell.

Sheets just ri(.ht for L. frame*, hoth white and yellow,
kept constantly in stock ready for shipment ; also square
sheets for section boxes. About 6 of the foi-mer or 30 of
the latter weigh 1 pound.

At above prices we can pa.y no freight or express charges
eiiher way.

The oidy wholesale rates we can give is 10 per cent. olT
from above rates on orders for 50 jwunds or over, or 20
per cent, on 100 pounds or over.

Comb Foundation Machines.

Machines for making sheets 1 loot wide - ,?1(0 00
Expressly for L. frame, 9 inches wide - 50 tO

For making 5 Inches for section boxes - 30 00

DoubleBoiler for above machine!-, - S3. tiO. .3.50 and 4.00
Dipping plates per pair, - - §1.0(, 1.50 and 2.00

The above prices are for cells 4X or 5 to the Inch.
If drone size is wanted, add fio, ?5 and ?;i respectively
to above prices. The machines are all ready for use,
and lull irstructions will be sent to each purchaser.
Address. A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

We have sold machines for makiiis fdn. toC.O. Perrine,
New Orleans, La.; to D. A. .Tones, Bentcn, Out., Canada;
to J. M. Madory, Los Anirelos. Cal.; J. H. Nellis, Canajo-
haiie, N. Y. ; to Lewis Walker, Ventura, Ventura Co.,
Cal.; to G. M. Dale, Border Plains. Iowa.: to Rev. J. Van
Eaton, York, Livingston Co., N. Y., and to G. W. Gates,
Bartlett, Tenn. The four former were 12 inch, and the
rest, 5 inch machines. We presume all will be read.v
to furnish fdn. at our prices.

Italian queens fob tsr?.

Queens bred from Imported or home bred stock.
Safe arrival guaranteed. Will send you every time
just what you order.

Unwarranted queen Si 00

" " perdoz 1150

Warranted " 150

" " per half doz 8 00

" " perdoz... 14 00

Tested " before July 1st 3 50

" " after " " 2 60

" " " " '*4for 9 00

" " " " " per doz.. 20 00

2 frame nucleus (frame 11x12) and tested queen

after July 1st 5 00

5 same 20 00

Same and unwarranted queen 4 00

5 " " 17 00

2tf J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee, Ills.

CI^XJBBIIVG LIST.

We will send Gleanings—

With The American Bee Journal (82.00) 82.50

" The Bee Keeper's Magazine (l.,?0) 2.00

" Both The above Bee Journals of America 4,00

" British Bee Journal ($2,00) 2,50

" All Three 5,50

" American Agriculturist (8L60) $2.25

" Prairie Farmer (12.15) 2.90

" Rural New Yorker (82..W) 3,25

" Scientilic American (S3.20) 3,90

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener (Sl.OO) 1,75
[Above rates include all Postage.]

138

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

May

At a Cost of less than ONE
CENT per week.

The N. J. Ajricukisl I Our Amsrican Farmer.

A Plain Practical Journal, devoted to the Parming,
Gardenina; and Household interests. Tells when and
how to plant. Hints for each month. Domestic Econo-
my, illustrations, etc. Only 50 Cents per year. Sam-
ple copies on receipt of stamp. ^
Address N. J. AG'L'ST & OUR AM. PARMER,
5-7 20 Cortlandt St., N. '^ .

CHEAP HIVES.

Material for standard Langstroth Hives, Portico, 10
frames, beveled edge, bottom board and caps.
in lots of 5 each . . - -

" " 10 "
" " 20 "

•' " 30 or over - - - -

Sample Hive . - . -

Two story hive and 21 trjimes furnished low
for honey boxes cheap. Address

J. OVTMAN & CO., Dundee, Kane Co., Ill
Write for circular. 2"5d

|1 00
!iO

S5
SO

1 r,%
Material

BOOKS for BEE-KEEPERS and OTHERS.

Any of those books will be forwarded by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.

In bu.ying books, as every thing else, we are liable to
disappointment if we make a purchase without seem,'
the article. Admitting that the bookseller could read all
the books he oilers, as he has them /or sale it were Ivirdly
to be expected he would be the one to mention all the
faults, as well as good things about a book. 1 very mucii
desire that tho.se who favor me with theii- patronage, shall
not be disappointed, and therefore, I am going to try to
prevent it bv mentioning all the faults s» far as I cm,
that the purchaser may know what he is getting. In ilie
following list, books that I approve I have marked with a
*, those I especially approve* *; those that are not u|t
to times t; books that contain but little matter for the
price, large type and much space between the lines ;^ ;
foreign ij.

BOOKS ESPECIALLY FOB BEE-KEEPRES.

Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee**t-- •

Quiaby's Mysteries of Bee- keeping* *+

Bee-keeper's Text Book*t muslin

•' " '• " *r paper

A Manual of Bee-keeping, by Johit. Hunter*§
Manual of tha iVpi^ry. by Prof. A. J. Cook**..

This, although small, is the only book we have m Amer-
ica that is entirely up to the times ; the best for begin-

Canary Birds paper 50 cloth 75

Parmer's Barn Book 1 SO

Pear Culture, Fields 1 25'

American Bird Fancier 30

American Weeds and Useful Plants 1 7.5

Bement's Rabbit Fancier 'Vi

Bommer's Method of Making Manures 2r.

Burn's Architectunil Drawing Book 1 00

Burr's Vegetables of America 3 0(>

Cooked and Cooking Pood for Domestic Animals. . . '2(>

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets .S CH>

Dana's Muck Manual ^ 2'>

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. . •"> 00

Gun, Rod, and Saddle 1 <>•>

Harris on the Pig 1 "O

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One 1 -■'

How to Use the Pistol 5^*

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy 1 2.'>

Johnson's How Crops Peed "- '**'

Johnson's How Crops Grow - 2!!

Klipparts Wheat Plant 1 "''

Leavitt's Pacts About Peat 1 '''

Mrs. Cornelius's YoungHousekeeper's Friend 1 •''"

Plummer's Carpenters and Builder's Guide 1 •"*

Skillful Housewife....' '•'

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas '^ ''^

Cranberry Culture, White 1 '^^

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard '^^

Farming by Inches, Barnard •^'*

1 50

3S

38

^■1 00

1 50

75

40

1 25

30

Gardening for Money
My Ten Rod Farm

Strawberry Garden

Carpentry Made Easy, Bell ^ '^'*

Fur, Fin, anil Feather "O

Fish Culture, Garlick 1 fio

How Plants Grow, Gray \ '^^'

Matiual of Botany and 'Lessons, Gray 3 (tir

School and Field Book of Botany, Gray "^ •''0

New Cook Book. Mrs. Hale ... - •>"

My Farm of Edsewood 1 -•"*

American Angler, Norris •"' S"

Rhododendrons, R-ind 1 •''"

Landscape Gardening, Downing ^> ■'''*

Gueiion on Milch Cows '^

Sorgho, or the LVorthern Sugar PUnt, Hedges ^ •^**

Jly Vineyard at La keview 1 '^^

Shooting on the Wing ;■">

American Wheat Cu'turist, Todd 1 -'^

Cotton Planters' Manual. Turner ^ "0

Practical Bulter Book, Willard ^ '"*

Youatton the Hog 1 "0

You itt on Sheep 1 00

Garden Vegetables, Burr ; 50

Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, Downing •> ""

Complete Works on Chemistry, Leibig '- "0

Gardening for Ladies, Loudon - 00

Riley on the Mule 1 ;';"

Flax Culture (seven prize essays by practical growers) 30

Peach Culture, Fulton's ' SO

How To Paint, Gardner 1 00

Ho w I Made $350 a Year with my Bees* 1§ 25

How to make Candy** 50

Art of Saw-filing*J '■>

Lumberiimn's Hand Book*** t5

Puller's Grape Culturist*

MISCELL.'^^NEOUS HAND BOOKS.

Ten Acres Enough**

1 50

Five Acres too Much**

Tim Bunker Papers*

An Egg Farm, Stoddard** 50

Window Gardening t 50

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor* ';5

How to Use the Microscope p

Play and Profit in my Garden* t 50

"Our Digestion." by Dio Lewis** "2 0"'^

Onion CuK ure* '^'^

Potatoe Pests, by Pr )f. Riley *» 2"

Practical Floriculture* 1 50

1 50

20

50

Forest Tree Culturist, Fuller* 1 50

How to Build Hot-Housi^s. Leuchar* 1 50

Draining for Prolit and Health, Warruig 1 50

1 50
1 r,{)

Gardtning for Prolit*
Strawberry Culturist, Fuller*.
Small Fruit Culturist, Fidler*.

What I know of Farming. Horace Groely.

Injurious Insects, Prof. \. J. Cook***

Scroll sawing, Sorrento and Inlaid work *|

Moody's Best Tlioughts and Discourses *■**

BOOKS THAT I HAVE JJEVEE EXA.MINEB, BIT THAT
IN GOOD REPUTE.

Broom Corn and Brooms pai)er 50 cloth

Qider Maker's Manual, Buist

Anaorican Poraolygy. '^Vurd'ir

Gregory On Cabbages paper

Gregory On Squashes. . . .paper

Gregory On Onions.... paper

Intects Injurious To Vegetation Plain, $i 00.

With coloied plates, Sfi .50

Gardening For Pleasure, Henderson

Hop Culture

Jenny June's Cook Book

Cotton Culture, Lyman I 50

Maiuial Of Flax Culture and Manufacture ^ 25

Parsons On The Rose ' ■^"

Potatoe Culture, (prize essay) paper -5

Moriev In The Garden. Quiiin 1^ 50

Pear Culture For Profit, Quinn 1 00

Manual On The Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P. Roe 50

Farm Implements And Miu'hinery, Thomas t 50

Earth Closets, How To Make Them, Warring 1 00

Gardening For The South - [^

Cranberry Culture ' '-.5

Practical Poultry Keeper, Wright - 00

Feat And Its Uses } 25

Hedges And Evergreens, Warder 1 50

Book On Birds. Holden 2.5

Sorghum And Its Products 1 3"

Taxidermist's Manual J ""

Practical Trout Culture j 5"

Farming For Boys | 50

Silk Grower's Gvude ' 25

Painter, (guilder and Varmsher 1 50

Mushroom Cultui-e 3 00

The Fanner's Receipt Book

The Model Potaton

Apple Culturist, Todd

1 .50 Willow Or O/ier Culture

00 Vouiikiin's llousclu.ld Science i

1 50
10
1 5C

t»
.^0
1 50

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

139

\ur

Neither do men li^ht a candle, and put it under a
\mshel, but on a candle-slick ; and it giveth light unto all
*hat are iu the house.— Mat. 5: 15.

-HEN I first commenced in the Sabbath
School, or rather, when I first presented
myself and told them I was ready for
tiny kind of work the Lord had for me to do.
-hey <ravc me a class of juveniles. At first, I
so far stnck to my old life that I imagined my-
self equal to the task of teaching almost any
class ; but as ihe most prominent lesson before
'.ne was to learn humility, I, after a little re-
flection, decided that if I were really capable
of filling a higher post, the superintendent
would perceive it iu due time, and I would
'Eventually get all the promotion I merited. So
1 went to work with the little boys, resolving
ihiit I would do ihe work that lay before me
AS well as I knew how. Shortly afterward the
uracher who had formerly had the class return-
<-i1, and I was kept as a kind of reserve teacher
to take the place of any one who happened to
5)e absent. At first I was inclined to complain
It this, but when I overheard the managers
»aying this was one of the most difficult places
^vo fill, for no one wanted to be pushed about
from one class to another, 1 resolved that I
would fit myself for just that post, i. e., pre-
pare my lesson for either old or young pupils,
'hat I might teach at least tolerably, any class
■tjjat was off'ered me. I found that by cultivat-
'«g a willingness to let our light shine in any
'.IJrection where it might be needed, keeping j
*1own all preferences of our own, and without
rnquiring whether we thought we could do
■Viiy good or not, we might get into a particu- |
urtrly pleasant frame of mind ourselves, and
into a position where we were pretty sure to
'<w happy, no matter what turned up. Now,
.iiere was one class of very bad boys iu our
■^I'hool — I wonder if there is not in every
■*i^hool V — and they finally gave me this class
<-«<ie Sabbath, without even informing me that
■'>iit one teacher could do anything with them,
:*iid that he manaaed principally by main j
v.rength. Imagine the shock I felt, when 1 1
-»';is greeted with an oath, almost the first I
■?>ing. I was very soon humbled, vtry much j
Mumbled, aud before I had finished, they had 1
viikeu the conceit out of me pretty efitctually. !
-Ivnowing that I was a young convert, they j
-vidently proposed seeing how much Christian
■TVirtitudc and forbearance I was possessed of.
After school I approached the managers with '
•vhat must have been a troubled look, and to
-iiy astonishment, they burst out laughing, as
liey asked how I liked the class. After I had
intntioued my trials, they thought best to
•^ave the worst of the boys expelled, and the '
- lass broken up, notwithstanding my request
"'Vjry them once more. This was done, and
■<u: boy,« have made progress in the wrong
wj^- for the past two years, until the recent
revival iu our town. One of the worst of
^■■A-m is to day, however, exhorting his com-
: ailes every evening, to turn from their eyil
V- a.j,s, and take the first step in forming a good
<. hristian character.

i Jiis boy ciiiae 1(» me a few days ago and

asked me to call and talk with a poor GeiTnaa
Catholic shoemaker, who could talk but little
English. As usual, I at first began to think I
could do no good, but remembering that on
former occasions my eflbrts in similar cases
had been strangely blessed, I decided to go.

As soon as I entered the shop I saw another
German, with whom I had been wanting to
talk, as he had been very unkind to his wife,
and resented any interference when our minis-
ters visited him. His boy was in my class,
and I soon had both the men talking
earnestly, but the intemperate one evaded any
responsibility on his part, by many excuses,
as is usually the case. As coming to church
would point out clearly the error of his ways,
and his past transgressions, he was skeptical,
and did not believe in such things. I arose to
go, thinking my visit had been almost hopeless,
but as I stood up, it occurred to me that the
most efiectual thing I could do would be to
pray with aud for them. I stood meditating
whether it was really proper to kneel in prayer
in such a public place, where customers might
be expected to come in at any minute, but as I
knew I should feel sorry if I did not do my
whole duty, I decided to err on what I thought
to be the safe side, and as I asked the Lord to
help me to decide upon just such words as
was best for the case in hand, 1 cast my eyes
toward the floor. Down among the scraps of
leather, my eye caught on a piece of paper
that looked familiar ; it was a torn fragment
of the Bible, and I welcomed it as an answer
to my mental prayer. I picked it up and in-
quired how it came there. No one knew.
Very soon my eyes fell on.

But I say unto you which hear. Love your enemies, do
good to them which hate you.

And I read from the 27th verse of the Gtk
chapter of Luke to the 43d. I confess that I
did not myself know before, what a beautiful
sentiment is therein expressed. After I knelt
iu prayer, I found my friend in quite a difi'erent
mood, and was astonished to find that all
my own reluctance at calling on people had so
far itft, that I was ready for another visit. I
went into a drug store kept next door, where I
knew was a pretty hard skeptic.

" I have been talking to your neighbor aboufc
going to oar union meetings."

" Yes," said he, " I know you have. The
partition is only thin wood, and I have hear(S
it all."

I talked with him some, without his making
much reply, but presently he came out with,

" I tell you, Mr. R., if we would all live up
to the teachings of the few verses you just
read in there, we should all get to Heaves
without any trouble."

" So you do believe in the Bible ?"

" I believe in that part of it."

He soon went back again to that passage ctf
Scripture, and I found that the simple and
plain truths I was so unconsciously trying t»
impress upon my German friends by reading:
Tery slowly and distinctly, had had more
weight with him, than anything I could pos-
sibly have prepared for the occasion. Whe*
he learned, as I was taking my leave, that it
was not something I had looked up, but only a
fragment I had found among the rubbish, he
asked In surprise, how it came there? I told

140

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURB.

Mav

him I thought the Lord placed it there for the
verr purpose of answerinf;: my prayer, and re-
warding my faith in the efficacy of coming to
Him for huip in all emergencies. What do you
think about it, my friends ?

At another time, one of our young converts,
a boy who had been a Sabbath breaker, a pro-
fane swearer, and one who went with the
worst company in our town, came forward,
and promised to try to lead a Christian life,
in a few days got discouraged, and told some
of his friends he was going to give it up. I
called on his mother, who was a widow, and
learned that he was much in the habit of fre-
quenting a barber's shop kept by a colored
woman, and that he had there been told the
Christian men of our town were no better than
others, and perhaps not as good.

I wonder if there are those among my read-
ers who have said the same thing, or who feel
perhaps, an inclination to say it now. If so,
may that dear Saviour who loves us all, give
me wisdom enough to show you what a fearful
thing you are perhaps almost unconsciously
doing. The boy had already left off swearing
and Sabbath-breaking, had applied to me for a
a place to work, and was going straight to-
ward all that was good and noble in life.
Would any one of you, for anything, say a
word that would induce him to go back to his
old habits? Diyou know of anything else
that makes hard boys relent and come back
and listen to the pleading of th.'ir mothers?

When I started to visit this place for the
purpose of talking to them about discouraging
young men who were just starting out for a
better life, my heart misgave me as usual, and
the more I thought about it the more I felt
that it would look singular and out of place,
and had I not promised, I fear I should have
backed out. A^^king the Lord to bless even
my blunders, I pushed ahead. The first duty
pointed out, was to take these colored people
by the hand, and to teis?/, to have, as well as to
ask thern to come to our Sabbath Schools and
meetings. Whatever I may hare thought oe-
fore, I now felt it a duty to let my " light
shine," even so far as to consider these people
brothers and sisters, and then my work was
easy. The woman had formerly been a Meth-
odist, but there was no colored church
in our town, and she had such good reasons to
feel she was considered an intruder, that she
had not been to church for a long time. While
we were talking, the very young man came in,
and pretty soon others. At first they listened,
then began shvly to ask questions, and soou
we all engaged in singing one of Moody's soul-
stirring hymns. When some of them said
they would like to be Christians in the way I
had presented it, 1 told them they could start
that very minute, and if I am not mistaken,
every one of thorn knelt with me when I knelt
in prayer. The tearful eyes, cordiil hand-
shaking, and warm invitations that I received
to come again, from nearly all, convinced me
most emphatically, that I had in no way been
out of the path of duty, in having a little
prayer meeting right in the middle of the day,
in a public l)arber's whop. The moral I gath-
ered, was to let my "light shine" in every
direction vvhere I felt light was needed, even if
I did feel it rni^ht look singular and a little

out of place, when contemplating the work to
be done.

In our " home," there is a son about 14, who
a few weeks ago, seemed to be interested in
almost everything else but going to meeting.
He would study his lesson leaf a little while if
asked to do so by his parents, but it was very
clear that be did it more out of obedience than
because he felt any interest in it. We, my
wife and I, had talked the matter over, and
had feared he was drifting into the scepticism
that prevailed in our town to such an extent,
but yet we hardly knew what we could do
about it more than to pray for guidance.
When the revival work commenced, I was so
busily engaged in the welfare of those in our
town who were far on the road to ruin, thnt I
really forgot our own children ; for all that,
their sharp eyes and ears were takinir in the
whole work, and when they saw me taking the
Bible and going into the homes of some of our
less fortunate neighbors, and that these same
neighbors who had never been in the habit of
attending church soon began to join in the
new work that was going on, the evidence to
their childish minds, was more convincing
than whole chapters of the most eloquent
oratory. Our boy has been getting to be so
extremely bashful, that we were worried about
him. He was so sensitive to ridicule, that he
could hardly be induced to even go out in
public with his own sister, and when I tried to
have him join with us in singing the easy Sab-
bath School hymns, he was so afraid of his own
voice that after codxing and trying for hojars,
I was forced to give it up. A few days ago he
asked to go to meeting without our mention-
ing the subject ; very soon afterward, while
shaking hands with those who came forward.
I was astonished to find mvself putting out
my hand to my own boy. Knowing his sensi-
tive nature, I spoke gently to him anrl passed
on, but his grandm^ither saw him and in the
fullness of her heart said so much that he
broke down completely, and sobbed as if his
heart would break, something he would not
have done for anything in the world, if he
could have helped it. D> you think he is
afraid of his own voice now? He now speaks
in our meetings, sings with the rest, and 1
hope would not be afraid to do anything ho
might think right, should his old comrades
bring to bear all the ridicule and sarcasm thej^
are master of.

Now then, my friends, if you are anxious
that your son shall tread in safe paths where
he will be safe from the greac mass of tempta-
tions that surround him in his teens, will it
not l>e best to let your light shine into tlte
homes of your neighbors, rather than soend
too much time in talking and praying wi h the
youths themselves ?

I once heard of a good deacon who prayed
earnestly one cold bitter day in mid-winter,
that the Lord would care for tho-ie wtio were
destitute of food, etc. His son, who was a lad
in his teens, made the remark that if his tarher
wo u I all give him the key to the corn crib, /ti
would answer thit prayer. The son knew oJ"
near neighbors who were really in winn. Are
not some of us who think ourselves C*iristians
in danger of doing the same thing? Who was
nearer right., the son or the father?

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

141

IMPORTED

Q U Ej: N S $5.

We shall receive during June and July queens from
one of the best lUstricls in Italy, which we will sell at
$5. each. Queens will be delivered at Express office
here, or sent atpuvchasers' risk,
ft C. VV. & A. H. K. BLOOD. Qnincv, Mass.

JBritisli Bee •Tonrinal,

Is a large, beantitully printed, and profusely illus-
trated MONTHLY; clear tv|)e and line keavy paper.

Itis conducted by CHARLES NASH ABBOTT, Han-
well. VV., London, Lngland. Annual subscription,
half-a.guinea.

We will send it with Gleanings and pay all postage
lor $2.50.

IiriPLERIENTS FOR BEE CUIiTURE AL,-
PHABEiS'ICALEY AUKA9rCiEJ>.

For descriptions of the various articles, fee our tenth
■edition circular found in April No., Vol. V,, or mail-
ed on application.

This price list to be taken in place of those of former
date.

Mailable articles are designated in the left hand col-
iiinin of figures ; the figures giving the amount of postage
teciuired-

Canada jjostage on merchandise is limited to 8M
oz., and nothing can be sent ttor less than l^c.

BEES.

Bees, full colony amply provided for winter, in
our new two story, chaiY hive (described Nov. and
De.\No's .. 70), tested queen from imported mother,
■safe arrival guaranteed. . (Lawn hive $1 more.) . .?S15 00

The same in a 1 story Siinplicitv hive 13 (10

The same in old style L. hive with portico, etc 12 00

The same with hybrid queen 10,00

The same not pronsioned for winter (hybrids) 7,00

For an imported queen in any of the above, add §5,00
We think we can prepare bees for shipoirg safely any
niojith in the year; when we fail in so doing, we will give
due notice.

(I 1 Binder, Emerson's, for Glkanings 50,60,75

I Brdances, spring, for suspended hive (60 lbs) 8.00

10 , Bl< ck.s, iiT)ii, for metal cornered frame making 15

I Barrels lor honey, $2.50 ; waxed and painted — {.3,50

Buzsc-saw, foot-iK)wer, coiiijylele ; circular wioh cuts free

on application. Two saws and two gauaes included. 835 • 0

<) [ BuzE-s:iws. extra, 6 in. 1,50; 7 in., i.75; 8 inch. . 2 00

<t'M I Buzz saw mandrel and boxes complete for 6 inch

I saws 5 00

! The same for 7 and 8 inch saws (not mailable) . . 8 00

Comb Foumlatidu Machines complete 830 to 100 00

•;o j ('Iril'f fusliinus lor wintering 80

2.') I I'liatl ciisliiun cli\i.>-ion boards 20

Half piic'! without the chaff, and postage 5 and Sc.
2'0 I Candy for bees, can be feif at any season, per th. 17

:;it I Corners, metal, per hundred 75

2.S I " '* top only 1 00

15 I " " bottom, per hundred 50

On 1,000 or more a discount of 10 per cent, will be made,
and on 10,000 25 per cent. The latter will be given to
those who advertise metal cornered frames.

I Corners Machinery complete f< r making 250 00

3D Clasps for transfernng, package of 100 25

J) i Cards, que.en resristering. per doz 10

:2 I Cages " all of metal . , . . , 10

^ Chee.se clot h, for strainers, per yard 10

I Duck, for feeding.and covering the frames — bees"

I do not bite it^-per yd. (29 inches wide) 20

j Extractors, according to size of frame S7 50 to 10 00
I ■' inside and gearing,includinghoneygate 5 00

I " wax...., 3 50

7 I Feeders. 1 q't, tin, can be used without open-
I ing the hive, in warm weather— neat and

I simple ,,.., 10

-?5 I The same. (> qts, lo be used in upper story... 50

4 I Frames with Metal Cornerf 05

5 1 " " Sample Rabbet and Clasps 10

JO I " Closed end Qninby, nailed 05

0 I Gleanings, Vol's I and IL each 75c., Vol IV 1 00

0| " Vol. Ill, second-handed 2 00

:fiO I Gearing for Extractor with supporting arm.. 1 .50

-20 I Gates for Extractors tinned for soldering. . . 50

SIMPLICITY BEE-HIVE.

> >i (' IxKly and 1 cover in the flat, as sample to work

from— one sample frame included 80

t)ue story hive for extractor (body 50c— 2 covers
I Oc— naihng and painting 20c- quilt 2.'5C— 10 frames
COc^cralJng KIc),,,,. 2 25

One story hive lor comb honey is precisely the
satne as the above, substituting 2 frames of sections

for t metal cornered frames 2 25

The above K! sections will be Utted with fdn., and
starters ready for the bees, for 15e, and tlia tin sepa-
rators lulded for 10c, making whole complete 2 50

The above two hives contain everything used in a 2
story hive. We simply use another body tilled with frames
or sections, for a 2 story hive.

For a 2 story liive for the extractor, add (to 1 story
2" 25) body 50c— nailing and painting 10c— 10 frames
Of c — crating 5c, making complete 2 story containing

20 frames 3 50

For a 2 story hive for comb honey add (to 1 story
2 25) body 50c— nailing and painting 10c — (i frames
of sections 78c— 1 metal cornered frame 6c— crating
Gc, making complete 2 story containing 7 frames and

Ot sections 3 75

If filled with fdn. starters OOc— if also filled with tin
separators -iOc, making §4 75, if two latter items are
wanted.
An upper story filled with sections, fdn. starters

and all ready to be set over any L. hive $2,75

To prepare the above hives 'or winter, put in place of
the 2 outside frames chaff cushions, price 20c each, and
a thick one on top 30c.
Iron frame to gauge size of above hives, and to

hold them true whtn nailing, size 20^x16 inside 75

I Chaff hive fok out uook winteking, 10

frames below, and 14 Irames or 80 section

I boxes ( oove, well painted and finished com-

I plete (Lawn hive Si more.) $5 00

These hive , if supplied with stores, will, we hope,
need no attention whatever, from the time honey
ceases until it comes again the next season.
0 I Knives, Honey (><. doz. for§5.25,or85 by Exp.) 1 00
Labels for honey, in blue and gold, dark bronze and
gold, or in white printed in two colors, furnished
with iour own address, and source from which the
honey was gathered, already gummed, post paid by
mail, (no order rec'd for less than 250). At these
low rates, the full number mentioned must be or-
dered without the change of one single letter of the

type 1000, §3,25'; 500,S2,40; 250,81,80

0 I Lithograph of the Hexagonal Apiary 2.*)

I Lamp, Nursery for hatchingqueen cells as built 5 00

0 I Laivae, for queen rearing, from June to Sept. 26

15 I Microscope, Compound, in Mahogany box... 3 00

0 I Piepared objects for above, such as bees'

wing, sting, eye. foot, etc., each

25
0 I Medley of Bee-Keepers' Photo's, (150 Photo's) 1 00

" ■ - 50

100

0 I Magniiying Glas.', Pocket

6 1 " " Double lens. brass, on3 feet

7 I Muslin, Indian head, for quilts and cushions
I per yard, pretty stout, but not good as duck. 10
I Paraflne, for waxing barrels, per pound.... 20

0 I Photo, of House Apiary and Improvements.. 25

2 I Rabbets. Metal per foot 02

section boxes in the flat, pee 1,000.

Any dimensions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 00

The above is 50 cubic inches ; for larger sizes add 10c
per 1.000 for each additional cubic inch or fraction of an
inch, outside measure. Extra prices for less than 500.

Just right to fit in L. frames, 2x4 Vx4ii: 9 50

85 I These are put up in packages (of 64 each) contain-
ing just enough for a 2 story hive. 8 to the frame.. 60

Sample by mail with fdn 5

If the grooving for holding the fdn. is omitted, 25c less
per 1,000. Sections weigh from 7 to 10 lbs jxir 100.
10 I L. frame made 2 inches broad to hold 8 sections 5

25 I The same with 8 sections 13

25 I The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees 20

Adding tin separators to ejther of the above will in-
crease the price 5c, and the jjostage 6c.
4 I Section Ixises, fancy, hearts, stars, crosses, etc. each 5

3 I Sheets of duck to keep the bees from soiling
or eating the cushions

Scissors, for clipping queen's wings

Seed, Alsike Clover, raised near us, per lb...

'* Summer Rape. Sow In June and July.

" Chinese Mustard, per oz

" Mignonette per lb. (20c. per oz.) 1 50

" Mellilot, or Sweet Clover, per lb 100

Silver Hull Buckwheat (peck by express, 75c) 10

10
40
25
15
25

Smoker, Quinby"N(to Canada 15c extra) 1 50

Doolittle's 25

Tacks, Galvanized 10

3 j Thermometers 40

0 I Veils, Bee, with face of Brussels net, (8ilk>.. 75
0 The same, all of tarletan (almost as good)... 60

b I Wire Cloth, for Extractors, per foot 15

3 1 " •' Quetn Cages 15

Wire-cloth is tinned, an<l meshes are 5 and IS to the Inch
All goods delivered on board the cars at prices named.
l^"We will pay §1.59 cash, for Vol. III. A. 1. ROOT.

143

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

V ••(B'e

Advertisements will be received at the rate of ten
cents per line. Nonpareil space, each insertion, cash
in advance : and we i eqnire that every Advertiser sat-
isfies us of responsibility an<l intention to do all that
he agrees, and that his gootls are really worth the
price asked for them.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' MAGAZINE, an illus-
trated monthly journal ol
.32 octavo pages, devoted
exclusively to bee-culture ;
•edited by Albert J. I<:ing,
.containing contributions
Jfrom Mrs. Ellen S. Tapper,
and experienced bee-keep-
ers in America and Eu-
rope. A large space is de-
voted to beginners, giving
useful information just
when it is most needed throughout the year. Terms,
$1.50 per year. The Bee-Keepers' Text-Book in Ger-
man or English^ and the Bee-Iveepers' Magazine one
year $1.70. A 64 page pamphlet (price 50c) containing
a beautiful life-like Chromo of Honey-Plants
and Italian Bees in their natural colors, with prise
of Mrs. Tupper, Queen rearing by M. Quinbv. instruc-
tion for beginners, etc., sent free with the Magazine,
on trial, 4 months for 50 cents. Agents wanted — cash
commission and permanent employment. Address

A. J. KING & OO., 61 Hudson St., N. Y.

Every Bee-keeper sboiild subscribe for it.

The American Bee Journal

Is the best scientific and practical Journal of APICUL-
TURE in the world. The most successful and experienced
Apiarians in Europe, a« well aa America,, contribute to its
pages. In fact, it is the oldest and largest Bee Papee in
the English language. 92. Per Annum. Send a Stiunp
for a Sample Copy. Address- THOMAS ft. NEWMAN,
ti 184 Clark st., Chicago, 111.

ITALIAN BEES,

Imported and home bred queens; full colonies and
nucleus colonies; beekeeper's supplies of all kinds,
Queens bred early in the season. Send for catalogue.
9tf DB. J. P. H. BROWN,

Augusta, Ga.

FOR 1877!

Italian Queens and full colo-
nies lor sale. Queens raised
from select stock. Warranted
to be as pure as any In the U. S.
Also pure Albino queens. Send
for price list containing a de-
scription of my Albino bees.

Address 1). A. I'IKK,
Smithsburg, Washington Co., Md.

A^verill Chemical Faint-

THE OiVXr RELIABLE.
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL.
THE MOST ECONOMICAL.
THE MOST DURABLE.

Requires no oil thinner or drier,
Require:! no wast* of time in mixing.
Has stood eight years' criticismi
With yearly increased popularity
And yearly increased sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in packages of from 1 to
to gallons each, in Purest White and any Color or
Tint desired.
Address, for sample card of colors and price list,

AA^erill Cliemlcal T*alnt; Co.,
Office and Factory 132 * 134 East River Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO. 6-6-'77

Names of responsible parties will be inserted in
either of the following departments, at a uniform price
of 10c. each insertion, or »1.00 per year.

Names insert^ed in this deoartment the first time vrith-
out charge. Ajt-er, Vic. each insertion, or $100 per year.

Those whose names appear l>elow, agree to furnish
Italian Queens the coming season for $1.00 each, under
the following conditions: No guarantee is to be as-
sumed of puritv, safe delivery, or anything of the
kind, only that the queen be reared from a choicie, pure
mother, and had commenced to lay when they were
shipped. They also agree to return the money at any
time when customers become impatient of such delay
as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best queens, put
up neatest and most securely, will probably receive
the most orders. Special rates for warranted and
tested queens, furnished on apidication to any of the
parties. Names with *, use an imported queen moth-
er. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
*C. C. Vaucrhan, Columbia, Tenn. 3-8

*Win. W. Gary. Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass. 3-2

*G. W. Dean. River Styx, Medina Co., O. 5d

*J. Oatman A Co., Dundee, III. 1-12

*E. W. Hale, Wirt, C. H., West Va. 6-(>

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md. l-t>

*Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, Ga. 1-13

•Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis. 1-12

*Wm. J. Andrews, Columbia, Tenn. 2-3

*Aaron J. Weidner. Bipler. Adams Co., Pa. 4-!>

*J. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y. 5-11

Miss A. Davis, ;il(ilt, Ingham Co., Mich. 5 4

D. A. Pike, Smithsburg, Wash. Co., Md. 5-fi

Hive ]Vtaiivifaotiirers.

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
A. I. Root. Medina, Ohio.

M. S. West. I'ontiac, Mich. 6-.'i

Geo. W. Siinnuins, Nfwark, Del. 1-13

Isaac L. Parker, Mc.Miiiiiville, Warren Co., Tenn. 3-2

!^«M io M^m and f on^g,

And Peace ou Earth and Good Will toward Men.

T®1® T

Smm.^f i8ff®

f'O® €

a

io

HOW IT CAME ABOUT — ABOT^T PATENT HIVES — WHAT FRAME OR HIVE TO USE —
SHALL WE USE AX EXTRACTOR, OR RAISE COMB HONEY V— ITALIANS— THE
BEE MOTH.

He s()t sick, the engraver did, and so I did not get anj- picture for this month, but if I am to
judge from the letters and postals of inquiry that come in, you will probably be better satisfied
with the following: "opinions", than with any picture I could possibly study up. My friend's have
you any idea of what an enquiring' people bee-keepers are? I am sorry that I am not wiser,
strong-er, more patient, and better fitted in every way for the work that seems devolving on me.
I know you are willing- to pay me for all the trouble you make, for you have already sent me
kind letters and money, far more than I have deser\ed I fear, liut then there is such an "awful
lot" of you that it makes me feel as if I wasn't yet "big enough," for all this responsibility, and
the worst of it is, I am afraid I ne\er shall be.

While I earnestly try to maintain a broad "charity for all, and malice toward none," and while
I do not wish to take upon myself the res|)onsil)ility of dictating a course for others, I feel it a
duty to discourage with all my might, both li.\- pirccpt and example, everything in the shape of
patented bee hives, or patents on liiiything |>citaiiiing to liec-culture. On the other hand I shall
try to encourage every one to do iill in their power to adxance tlie eonniion good of all. I do not
believe the world "selfish and grasiiing," but have unlimited contideiicc in the ilisposition of our
people to desire to pay for everything they get, and to reward those wiio work for them disinter-
estedly, when they oiiee get a clear understanding of the matter. If you have made a valuable
invention or disco"\cry, give it to the people rejoicing that you have been enabled to contribute
yfiur mite to the cominon good, and in seeing others happy, and sooner or later, you will surely
have your reward.

I recommend the Langstroth frame for everybody, and for everj^ purpose whatever, in pref-
erence to anything else, and I have pretty thonnighly e.xperiniented witn all shapes and sizesr;
There may be other forms that will give just as good results, but I do not believe there are any
better. For all general purpose, I advise the Simplicity hi^•e liolding ten of the above frames.
The hive is made of 'a lumber, and is 2OI4 by in inches outside measure. The Langstroth frames
as our gauges make them, are IT'^a by O's outside measure. As the chaff hive is the same thing
with an outer shell to hold the chair "that i)rote(ts the hive from the winter's frosts, as well as
summer's sun, no confusion can result from using both in the same apiary.

Produce just whichever pays best in your own market, and no one can tell so well as you,
yourself, can by trying both ; you can perhaps produce a nice article of extracted for about 15c.,
as cheaply as comb honey for 30c. You can produce thin, raw, unripened honey without any
trouble for 10c. or less, but it will probably pay you best to give j'our customers an article as good
in every respect as that found in the incest comb honey.

The comparative advantages of the black or common bees and Italians, Is a matter that no
longer admits of discussion, and I must consiiler the very few individuals who write in favor of
the former as lii'longing to that chiss of unfo;tunates who seem to delight in being contrary. If
tons of honey are to be considered a proof, the matter has long ago been amicably settled in favor
of the Italians.

The bee moth need hardly be mentioned now, unless it is to advise you to drive them out with
Italians, for whenever they come into a neighborhood, the moths get out without any farther
troul)Ie or botlKM-. This one feature alone, is enough to justify introducing Italian queens in
place (d' the blacks.

l^

144

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

JUXR

Contents of this Number.

Report from George Grimm 147

Meal feediiifr; fines it ever do harm? 147

Some (lucrics I'roin Arkansas 147

Too much fihssiiiK' with bees 148

Natural ywarmiiig\ versus artificial (tueens, etc.. .148
Making stocks queenless during the honey season 148

i^aiokers, how to "fix 'em" 149

Gloves 149

Imported queens 149

Temperature for brood rearing 150

The circular apiary 150

Tl"i)(>rt from Jumos Bolin 151

T)i-*turbin,i>- bees in the cellar 162—151

Fa-<teiiing bees in their hives in the cellar 151

Aftci- swai'niing, how to prc\ent 151

Spring dwindling, and brood rearing 151

Red birds eating bees 152

Smokers 161

Moving bees short distances 162

fvi'ain bags instead of duck 162

E.xrly drones, fertile workers, etc 162

Spring dwindling 163

Uncapped stores, etc 163

Box hive neighbors, getting advice from them 163

Artificial swarming 163

Desertion of hives in the spring 164

Prevention of swarming 164

Very thick lionc.y and honey gates 164

Chaff packing reports 164

Blasted hopes 167

The "Monogonal" apiary ' 167

Blasted holies, fripnd Bolin's remedy 167

Gauging accurately the size of hives. 168

Fastening fdn., into frames 168

Fdn., and brood rearing. 168

Making the fdn 168

Obituary 168

Just 2,019 subscribers this 31st day of May, 1877.

Wo shall receive dnrinsr June and July, queens
from one of the best districts in Italy, which we will
sell at 5.3,00 each.

This price being very near cost no <li3count can be
given on Ihe dozen.

We will deliver at express cilice here in box a3 le-
ceivfcd, or forwarrl by mail, as reqiif>sled.

No qvieeiis raised this seasfm or circular issued.

llegistered letter or ninney order sent Ht our risk.
C. W. & A. U.K. BLOOD.
6-7 P. O. Box 234. Quincy, Mas^.

Itnliau Imported Bees & Colonies.

PRICES GREATLY REDUCED.

Full Colony with Imported Queen f U 00

" " home bred IV.sted Qufieii 10 09

Sp'cial rates for large quint ities. All thp Colonies
sold are in new and well painted movable frame
Inves; all combs straisrbt.

1 I n ported Queen after .fune Ist 7 00

'■'■ " Queens " •' each 0 .lO

li " " " " " 0 00

^■'. " " " " '• .1 ."iO

S'ngle Querns fn Old Customers 0 00

Safe Arrival Guaranteed on Queens and Colonies.
References furni.shed in nearly every State in the
Union and Canirta, or amoni; the most" noted Apiarians
of Europe. Send for Circular to

CH. DADAXT & CO.,
3d Hamilton, Hancock Co., 111.

aHEElVS. Tested and untested, bred trom my
choice lot of imported mothers received from
liaiy last fall. Safe arrival bv mail guaranteed at low
pvicos. Satisf.iction guarantcpd. (,'ircuhir free.
6 J. M. C. TAYLOIl.

Levvistown, Fred'k Co., Md.

Wai. ^V. Cary, Colerain, Frankhn Co., Mass. Six-
teen years experience iu Propagatinif Queens direct
from imported mothers, from Ihe best district in Italy.
Piirsons purchasing Queens or Swarms from me will {ret
w!iat tlisy bargiiu for: Sand for circular. 3iuq.

TESTED QUEIJNS for $2..=)0, with 2 frame nucleus
lull of brood and bees, §0,00, 5 for fi.i.dC; all from Im-
ported mother, ivarranted queens ^{.iQ. A. L Root,.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MA-
CHINERY.
1 0 dillVreut machines with which
Xw Builders, C ihinet Makers, Waaron
Makers, and Jobbers in miscellaneous
work can compete as to Quality and
Price with steam power maiuifactur-
ing ; also Amateurs' supplies, taw
^li"^"^ K hlades, fancy woods and designs. Sa.v
where you read this and send for cat-
ale gue and prices.

W. F. & .lOHN BARNES.
llockford. Winn3bago Co.. 111.

ITALIAN BEES.

Imported and home bred queens; full colonies and
nnc'eus colonies; bee keeper's supplies of all kinds.
Queens bred early in iLe season. Send for catalogue.
9tf DK. J. P. H. BROWN,

Aiignsta. Ga.

F OrTi 8 77!

^ Italian Queens and full colo-
^ nies lor sale. Queens raised
from select stock. Warrante:'.
to be as pure as any in the 1'. S.
Also pure Albino queens. Send
for price list containing a de-
scription of my Albino bees.

Address D. A. PIKE,
5-6 Smithsburg, Washington Co., Md.

ETAIilAN QUEENS and Bees for sale, at the
liuuau apiai'v ot
6il !•:. E SHATTUCK, Lob Angeles, Cal.

HONET BOXES of all sizes or kmds furnished at
reasonable raies on short notice, also the Lannstroth
frames. Give the size of box or snciioii wanted and 1 will
arive prices. Address, R R. MURPHY'.

G-8 Garden Plains, Whiteside Co., Ills.

xxhum queens'for t8777

Queens bred from Imported or home bred stock.
Sale arrival guaranteed. Will send you every lime
just what you order.

"Unwarranted queen |1 no

jierdoz H 50

Warranted " I.JO

jitrhall doz S Od

per doz 14 (lO

Tested " before July 1st :! 5i>

after " " i .M)

" " " " '-4 tor ti 00

" " " " " per doz.. 20 00

2 frame nucleus (frame 11x12) and tested queen

after J\dy 1st • ^ 00

5 same 2(i 0(»

Same and unwarranted queen 4 on

5 '• " 17 00

2tf J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee, Ills.

MUTITS ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEY JARS!

One pound (s(iuare) jai's, per gross SO 00

Two " •• " " 8 10

One " " " Hint glass per gross.... 8 .W

Two " " '• '• •• •• 10 lin

(y'orks for 1 and 2 pound jars 75

Tin foil caps, per gross. ." 1 20

Labels '• " 75

A thousand labels address iirinted t^ order 5(0

One qt. fruit jars. Mason's patent, per gross 17 00

Labels for same. '■ " 65

A thousand labels address printed to order 4 0(i

Uncapping knivcB, as good as any, each .50

'•" " per dozen 4 50

.\lsike clover seed, per bushel 1.'5 .50

peck 3.50

" " " " pound 40

Catnip seed, per i)ound 6 5(i

*' ounce 50

Eans'strotli Bcc Hives,
Straw mati, bee vails etc., at reasonable rates.
For fiu-ther particulars, address

CIIAS. V. MUTII, Cincinnati, O.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

145

v. 00

Number
o/ Sub-
scribers
required
at or
at
""jc. 1.00

TABLE OF PREMllTMS.

The first eiiiumn is for those ouljf,
who send 5 or more names. S ~

ya>nes of Premium Articl^es. ^k

Any of them sent post-paid an rec'pt of price.
I — Lithograph of Apiarji, Impleimnts, etc. 'lH 5

2 — Photograph of House Apiary 25 •''

:\ — '■^That Present,'''' Novice and Blue Eyes 25 ^
n—Ei>ursoH's Binder for Gleanings,

tcUl hold i: Volumes 50 6

<! — " " better qiinlity (iO

7 — P(->ct:et Magnifying Olass fiO 73

H— First or stcond rt)?«wf?o/ Gleanings.. 75
y — Jiest quality Emerson's Hinder for

Gleanings 75 8

10 — Double Lens Magnitier.on 3 brass feet 1,00 9
U—Pho/o Math II, Jicc-h'eejH'is ofAmeriral.m] 9
li—Fh-st and .second T'c/. <;/' Gleanings.. 1,50 10
lo—Centfiiuial Cabinet Clock; a pretty and'
accurate time piece, that will run even\

U'lu'7i carried about, for only .$'2 00: 15 j 7

14 — A real Cinnpound Microscope, beanti- |

fully finished, and packed with Iraple- j
merks in a Mahogany Box 315' 1 8

^asFfor'bees-wax.

We are payinp; 3-2 cents per pound for yellow bees-
wax, in lots of from 50 to 5,000 or more pounds, deliv-
ered at Syracuse, or 'Vi cents, if exchanged for white
wax. If "you have any wax on hand, and can deliver
it at the above price, please do so, and we will send
you our check on receipt of the same.

ECREEMAN & W^L.
7-7-'77 Wax-bleachers, Syracuse. N. Y.

One Hundred Colonies

PURE 1TALI.\N HEKS FOR SALE CHEAP. Send for
Circular and Price List. C. C. VAUGHAN.

3-8 in q. Columbia, Tenn.

Improved (^uinby Smoker.

Quinby's " Bee - Keeping Explained."
Box material for as practical a box as can
be made. Gla.s.* cheafK'r than ever be-
fore. Queers. Hives. Colonies, Extractors,
Hive Clasps, Bee Veils, etc.

Send for Illustrated descriptive Cir-
cular. L. C. RCX)T.

Mohawk, Herkimer, Co., N. Y.
4tf

100 COLONIES ITAIM m M m

4tfd

At $7,50 Per Colony.

M. PARSE, Pine Bluff, Ark.

I own latest and best machinery and promptly supply

Pure Beeswax Comb Foiiudatioii.

at the following low prices : Made from yellow wax,
Ticper lb. ; while wax, 90c per lb. Sheets 12 inches
wide or less and as long as wanted. Five cells to the
inch and 4 to S square lect to the pound. Packed in
light wooden boxes— paper between the sheets,
bhcets cut to any desired size. Ten per cent discwunt
on 50 lbs. or riiore. Wax delivered here, will be
worked up for 3cc per lb. or for half the wax. High-
est cash price paid for pure wax delivered here.
Freight or Express charges to be paid by the purcha-
eer. By mail, add '25c per lb. to above prices. Order
luarly before the summer rush. ."Sample by mall, ICc.

Enlarged <-ircular, giving prices ol Queens, Bees,
ilives. Boxes, Extractors, etc., etc., sent free to all.
It tells how to introduce queens, how to use founda-
tions, and many useltil hints.
5tf J. H. NELLIS. Canajoharie, N. Y.

Greenbacks Wanted !

Will exchange queens for the above named article.
T'nwarranted (jueens ^l,0(i. Warranted .?!.;■)(). Also
Papers and Magazines at club rates to single subscri-
l>crs. Send for circular to
6tf T. B. PARKER, Goldsboro, N. C.

REMOVAL.

Tlie Hrooks Bro'.s. have removed their Apiary front
Columbus to Elizabethtown, Ind., and would ite pleased
to send you their uew circular. Send for it l)efore pur
chasing your queens or bees.

Address, J. M. BROOKS & BRO.,

4-9 Elizabethtown, Ind.

Supplies lor your Apiary, send a Postal Card for our
Price List of Hives, Frames, Sectional and other Boxes
of any desired pattern. Comb Foundations, Metal Cor-
ners and Tested and Untested Queens from Imported
motlier. J. C. & H. P. SAYLES.

■A-9A Hartford; Wis.

%mjh %mmda%kns I

PURE BEES WAX.

Cut to any size desired.

PACKED IN NEAT W(X)DEN BOXES-PAPER BE-
TWEEN EVERY TWO SHEETS. AT .Sl.OO PER
POUND FOR THE WHITE. OR 7.5 CENTS
PER POUND FOR THE YELLOW.

IF WANTED BY MAIL. ADD 25 CENTS TEE POUND FOR
PACKING AND POSTAGE.

If taken in our regiilar packing boxes, sheets 12x18
inches, 10 per cent, oil from above prices on 10 pounds ov
over.

Wax will he worked up to order, and cut into sheets of
any size desired, for 40 cents per pound.

We will pay 35 cents per i)ound cash for bright yellow
wax, or sell it for 10.

One pound of wax makes from 4 to 8 square feet of sur-
face. The thinnest will be used by the bees, but is not
made itito comb as quickly as the heavier, which has a
greater deptii of cell.

Sheets just rip ht for L. frames, both white and yellow,
kept constantly in stock ready for shipment ; also sqnaro
sheets for section boxes. About 6 of the former or 30 of
the latter weigh 1 pound.

At above piices we can pay no freight or express charges
either way.

The otily wholesale rates we can give is 10 per cent, off
from above rates on orders for 50 pounds or over, or 20
percent, on 100 pounds or over. For 5f0 lbs. or over,
50 cents per pound.

Comb Foundation Machines.

Maclijnes for making sheets 1 foot wide - $1(0 00
Expressly for L. frame, 9 Inches wide - 50(0

For making 5 inches for section boxes - .30 0(t

Double Boiler for above machines, - S-'5.C0, 3.50 and 4.00
Dipping plates per pair, - - $1.00, 1.50 and 2.00

The above prices are for cells 4^'^ or 5 to the inch.
If drone size is wanted, add 810, $5 and §3 respectively
to above prices. The machines are all ready for use,
and full irslructions will be sent to each purchaser.
Address, A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

We have sold machines for makin? fdn. toC. O. Perrine,
New Orleans, La.; to D. A. .Tones, Benton, Out., Canada ;
to J. M. Madory, Los Antrelos. Cal.; J. H. Nellis, Canajo-
haiie N. Y. ; to Lewis Walker, Ventura, Ventura Co.,
Cal.: to G. M. Dale, Border Plains, Iowa.; to Rev. J. Van
Eaton, York, Livingston Co.. N. Y.; to G. W. Gates,
Bartlett, Tenn.; to Wm. S. Hersperger, Frederick City,
Md.; to M'ni. Raitt. LitT by Dundee, Scotland ; to W. R.
Bishop, Sherwood. 111.; to James B. Hawkes, Arhngtou
Heights, 111., and to W. 8. Boyd, Bethany, Oliio.

The four fonner were 12 inch, and the rest, 5 inch ma-
chines. We presume all will be ready to furnish fdn.
at our prices.

C1L.XJIJBIIVG IL.IST.

We will send Gleanings—

With The American Bee Journal (52.00) 82.50

" The Bee Keeper's Magazine (1.50) 2.00

" Both The above Bee Journals cf America 4,00

" British Bee Journal (82,00) 2,E0

" All Three 5,50

" American Agriculturist (Sl.COj 82.25

" Prairie Farmer (8^2.15) 2,90

" Rural New Yorker (8-2.1)0) 3,25

" Scientific American (33.20) 3,90

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener (81.00) 1,75
lAhoxc rates include cdl Foitoije.}

146

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June

Price List of Bees, Queens, Etc., for 1877.

] Full colony .. .. with tested queen ^^r k*^

1 three Iranic nucleus " "; " -J pO

I t-i •« " " rtollar '• 4'"'

1 tested ciueen '^ -^O

1 untested " • • J ^^

A discount of 10 per cent will bo made on all orders
of more than sio. 00 each. AU my queens are raised
rrom Imported Mothers, I only o;uaranteein<? the sale
arriv.il of all tested queens within lOOO miles. The
money ninst accompany each order, and all orders
will bo tilled strictly in rotation. My location enables
me to furnish queens much earlier than parties far-
ther north. Address,
2.10d E. W. HALE, Wirt C. II., W. \ a.

COMB FGEJ^DATaON.

HnvinK )Airch!ised a miiehiiic for my own use I will
furnish the Idn. in strips jmy U.'n>;tli by 5 inches or less
v;ide at 7uc. per lb. if 1 can jret the

I3ec'S-^vtxx "VVaiited.
I will pny 30c. cash for clean yellow wax delivered here.
I refer to ihe Editor of this Journal. t. . t t,

GEO. .^I. DALE.
Border Plains, Webster Co., Iowa. 0

BOOKS for BSE-KESPERS and OTHERS.

Anv of th-.-ii b) Iks will hi foi-vvarJjl by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.

In buyimr books, as every thiuB; else, we are liable to
disappointment if we make a i)urchaso without soein r
the article. Admitting that thg haoksell.'T could read all
the books ho olTjrs, as he h:is them /or scdti it were Ivirdly
to he expected he would b^ tlv! one to nuntion all the
faults, as well as Rood thing's about a book. 1 very muci
desire that those who f.ivor me with their patrona;<e. shall
not be disappointed, and therefore, I am s^'oiivj; to try to
prevent it bv mentioning m,U the faults so far as I c m,
tha.t the purchaser mav know what In is getting. In the
followiu'j list, books that I approve I have marked with a
*. those I especially aporove * * ; those that are not up
to times t ; books that contain but little matter for the
price, lar^e tyi)e and much space between the lines | ;
foreign §.

BOOKS KSPECIALLY FOR CKE-KEEPKES.

Lan'jstroth on the Hive and Honey T{'ie**i-

Quiwby's Mysteries of >>e-keepin:j,-**t

Uec-kee|)cr's Text Book*t- muslin

•' " '• '• *t....!vaper

A Manual of Bjo-keepinsf, by joht; lluntor^j..
>[anual of tb^ Apiary, by Prof. A. .1. Cook**....

How I Made 6350 a Year with iny Bees* 15

How to make Candy** -

Art of Saw-rilin-^*J

Lumberman's Hani Book " **

Puller's Grape Culturist**

MISCEf.LAXEOUS HAND D00K3.

Tan .Acres Enough**

1'Mve Acres too Much**

Tim Bunker Papers*

An E;;.; l' arm, Stoddurd-''*

Window Gardenina:

Purdy's Small Fruit instructor*

How to Use the Microscope

Play and Prolit in my Garden*

•'Our Biiroslion." by Bio Lewis**

Onion Cull ure*

t'otatoa Pe-its, by Prif. lliley **

Pr.aetical Floriculture*

<'var J( ninu; for I'roti t**

Strawberry Culturist. Fuller*

Small Fruit Caltnrisl, Fuller'

Forest Tres Cnlturi^t, Fuller*

How to Build Hot-llonsi^s, Li'uclvu-^

Braining for Pi-oilt and Health, Warrin,r

Whn.t 1 knov.- of Farniiin;-, Horace Groely

injurious ins;>cts. Prof. A. .T. Cook**"-

StoU sawiii-c, Sorrento and fidai 1 woi'k *t

Moody's Be>!t Thouarlils and Biscours >,s **"•

MoodV and Sunkcy's Gospel Hymns, words only

" words and music, paper
" " " " " boards

■1 00

1 .'iO

75

40

1 ■;.-.
.•so

•25

m

1 r,o

1

"5

1

.50

i

50

50

1

r.o

75

1

50

'2

O't

'JO

.oO

1

50

1

50

50

1

50

\

50

1

50

1

50

10

i

50

To

BOOKS THAT J H.AVE NEVER EXAMINED, BUT THAT AKE
IN GOOD EEFUTE.

Broojii Corn and Brooms pap'^r .50 cloth 75

CiJer Maker's Marni d, Buist 1 50

American Pomology, Warder

Canary Birds paper 50 cloth

F.anner's Barn Book.

Pear Culture, Fields

American Bird Fancier

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Bement's Rabbit Fancier

Bominer's Method of Making Manures

Burn's Architectural Drawing Book

Burr's Ve^^etables of America

Cooked and Cooking Food for Domestic Animals...

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets

Dana's Muck Manual

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, i vols..

Gun, Hod, and Saddle

Harrison the Pig

How to Get a Fiirm and Where to Find One

How to Use the I'istol

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy

Johnson's How Crops Feed

Johnson's How Crops Grow

Klipparts Wheat Plant

Lsavitt's Facts About Peat

Mrs. Cornelius's Young Housekeeper's Friend

Pluramer's Carpenters ai:d Builder's Guide

Skillful Housewife. . . . '

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas

Cranberry Culture. Wiitte

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard

Farming by Indies, Barnard

Gardening for Money "

My Ten ilo J Farm ' "

Strawberry Garden "

Carpentry Made Easy, Bell

Fur, Fin, and Feather

Fish Culture, Garlick

How Plants Grow, Gray

Manual of Botany and Lessons. Gray

School and Field Book of Botaiij', Gray

New Cook Book, M rs. Hale

My Farm of IWgevvood

American Anifler, Norris

Rhododendrons, 11 md

Landscape Gardening, Downing

Guenon on Milch Cows ".

Sorgho, or the Xorthetn Sugar Pl.nt, Hedges

My Vineyard at Lakaview

Sliooting on the Wing

American Wheat Cirturist, Todd

Cotton Planters' Manual. Turner

Practica I Batter liook, Willard

Youatt on the Hog

Youatt on Sheep

(iardon Vesfetabl''^, Burr

Fruits and Fruit Treps of Ameri(!a. Downing

Complete Works oji Chemistry, Leibig

Gardeninir for Ladie-i, Loiulon

Riley on the Mule

Max Culture (seven prize es.s.ys by practical growers)

Peacii Culture, Fulton's

How To Pkint, Gardner

Gregory On Cibbages.. . .paper

Gregory On Squashes paper

(Gregory On Onions- . . .paper. . . .

intccls Injurious To Ve^jetation.. . . Plini, Si 00..
With coloied plates, sr. ,oO

Gardening For Pleasure, Hondersoii

Hop Culture

.fenny June's Cook Book

Cotto"n Culture. Lyman

Manual Of Fla'c Culture and Manufacture

Parsons On The Rose

Potatoe Cultur.s (prize essay) pa.-jer

Money In The Garden, Quiu!i

Pear Culture For Profit, Quinn

IMannnl On Th.i Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P.

Farm liupi'mi-nts And Machinery, Thomas...

K n-ili (:i.is;!ts. How To Make Them, W.arring.

Gardc-niiig Fo'.- I'lie South

Cranberry Cidture

Fractical I'uultrv Keeper. Wright

Peat And Its Uses

lli'dgns And Evi'i'ireeiis, Warder

Book On lUrds. IloMeii

Soridium And Its Products

Ta.xiilermist's Manual

Practic.d Trout Culture

Fanning For Bovs

Silk (i rower's (.iuide

Fainter, GuiUhn- ;uid Varinsher

Mushroom CulUirc

Tli^! I''a)-mer's Receipt iJook

The ]\Iodol Potato.1

Apple Ciilturist, Todil.

YoLunan's Honsohtdd Science

3 00

75

1 50

1 -25

30

1 75

30

•25

1 00

3 00

20

3 00

1 25

5 00

1 00

Rue

2 00

2 0(t
1 75

1 75

1 50
1 00

75

3 75
1 25

3S
38

1 50
3S
38

5 00
50

i 50

1 25
3 00

2 50

2 00
1 25
5 50
1 50
C 50

75
1 .50
1 25

i M
1 .50
1 00
1 (),»

1 00

3 50
5 OO

2 00
2 00
i 5i»

30
1 .50
1 Oil
30
30
."0

i 50

30
1 -.0
1 h»

25
1 ,50

25
I 50
1 00

.50

1 50
i 00

2 00

1 25

2 00
i 25
1 50

.50

1 r.o

1 75

OlSVOTJEO TO BElElS=i A1NI> HOPiTEY, >%JVr> IlOIVnE IlVTDEItESTS.

Vol. V.

JUNE 1, 1877.

No. 6

A. I. ROOT, *) Publisbed Monthly. rTERMS: $1.00 Per Annum in Ad-

Puilisher and Proprietor, > ■} vance; 3 Copies /or «2.50; 5/oj-»3.T5;

Itledina, O. ) 3Bstal>llslxe«i in 18y3. CIO or more, 60c. each. Single Number lOc.

REPORT FROM OEIORGE ORIMM.

^jl^URENGr this spring au 1 aummer I intend to sell
mm out my own bees, (about 140 orilonSes) not be-
t-jBi^ cause I do not like the business or because it
does not pay, but because I wi^h to go to collage and
devote my time exclusively to study. I have lost only
(i swarms'durina: this winter and spring, and vvlth one
of tho^e I had been experimsnting in the fall. Th",
rest are nearly all in excilieat I'.ondition. They were
wintered ia a deep cellar. The weather is warm
here this spring, a striking contrast to the wet old
weather of lastspring. The bees in the neigtibor-
ho > i that have survived the winter, are g3nerally in
a better condition than last year at this time, although
heavy losses have been suuaiaed by some of the bee-
keepers of this county.

AIEAL FEEDING, CAUTION.

I have seen in one the b33 papers that a bee-keeper
advises to feed the be^s as much rye flour in the
spring, when they can get no pollen, as they will take.
I consider it a mistaken i laa and he will And it so. It
is certainly good to feel the beas rye Hour in the
spring to «thnalaC3 thern to brood rearing, but only so
mujh as they will easily consume in aehort time. I
have found by experience that if hees are fed too
abundantly with rye Hour they will store it away,
where it bsomes iiard; so hard that they will never
be abl3 to gat it out of the cells again without biting
away the combs with it: then again they have no
room left for natural pollen when they will be able to
collecs it. S^me advise not to feed any rye flour;
but when bees must rear brood and have no pollen,
they must have some substitute for it. I have found
this spring, strong colonies with plenty of honey, hav-
ing no trace of bee bread in consequence of which
they quit brood raising. Such <? .varms it is absolutely
necessary to give access to fl lur, unless there is a
good prospect that they wi'l 'loon be able to gather
elsewhere. A few of my bees are getting short of
honey and I am now at work feeding th'ira. I think
there is pros))ect of a good honey year. Surely we
ought to have a good one after these two poor ones,
and this last severe winter.

In regard to selling bees : Mother shipped to very
distant parts and all but a (ew arrived salely. Con-
cerning those, she settled all satisfactorily. I know
this to be the case, as I personally supervised all the
work and in a large measure cared for the bees my-
self. . This spring the advertisement appeared again,
and already several large orders have come in. 1 feel
confident that she will ue able to sell all she has.

Jefferson, Wis., April 20th, 1877.

We nave never fouud any such trouble with
meal feeding as Mend Grimm mentions, but
we think it quite probable in localities where
they gathered natural pollen to excess. With
us, we never knew too much pollen in a hive,
yet we have letters from friends stating they
find it a great nuisance at times.

MEAL, EEEDIKG; DOES IT EVER DO HARM?

Since writing the above, we have found in
front of one of the hives we bought of neigh-
bor Blakeslee, some white lumps of the shape
of the bottom of cells of a honey comb. On

biting these, which were nearly as hard as
bullets, we found they were iu reality flour,
and an examination of the hive showed that
the bees had literally torn down a great part
of one comb in tb^ir eff)"ts to dislodge the
hardened flour. The flour w'aen made into
polleu aud deposited in their calls, is a smooth
sweetish paste, and it would seem that they
had found natural pollen after having stored
quite a quiutity, and liking the latter better,
liad ailoived the flour pa>te to harden by dry-
ing. Whe'i they "were ready to use the comb,
it seems '.liey had a "nut to crack," that was
too hard f >r "bae sense," and so they excava-
ted th ' bl )cks, and tumbled them out, comb
and a'l. This is certainly rather a bad fault
of the ra'-al feeding, but as it has never oc-
curred in our apiary before we think it will
do no harm if the meal is gradually with-
drawn, as soon as natural pollen begins to
come in.

SOME QUERIES FROM ARKANSAS.

^jf^iOR several years of my life I have had a few col-
%n onies of the common black bees in the common
i^i box or log hives to which I gave the usual at-
tention—robbing them once or twice a year. It is un-
necsary to tell you my 'luck," for everything depends
on luck, you know, so say the old folks. Well, " luck
or 11' > luck" I clearly saw it did not pay to be " both-
ered" with them, and conclnde>l to change my luck
either for better or worse by substituting the "Italian
f >r the black bee and the American hive for the box.
Two years ago, having then 5 colonies of blacks, I'
sent to Iowa and got 3 Italian queens and from the 3
queens and 5 colonies I now have 55 colonies pure
Italians and hybrids, principally in the American
hive, f have sold 9 colonies, making in all Of from the
beginning, my business caUing me away from home
during the swarming season. Many swarms went to
the woods. So you see my luck changed. Swarming
has already commenced, and I am having on an aver-
age about two swarms a day, and have no idea how
many I shall have. Perhaps it would be well enough
to state that I have wintered my bees on their summer
stands, and have not lost a single colony except a
very late swarm which was put in a box hive and
starved to death in the spring.

Would you advise me to continue with the Ameri-
can hive? [N'o.] If so, can I not make frames more
profitable than boxes by simply converting it into a
double story hive and working the same frame in
both stories? [Frame is too deep lor two stories to
work to advantage.] How would it do to have a
double hive setting horizontally and work the frames
end to end ? [The plan has been well tested, and Is
discarded generally.] Can the extractor be used on
new comb in very hot weather without injuring the
comb? [Most certainly.] Is not the swarming pro-
pensity of the Italian bee an objection to It? [Not
with the extractor, and we hope not in any case.]
Are not the Italians less disposed to work in boxes
than the black bees ? [We believe not if rightly man-

148

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June

ftsed.] Am the Italians as pood comb proilncera as
the black bees? [We think ihem better, all things
considered.] James M. Talking ton.

Searcy, Ark., May Ist, 1877.

^ ■»■ *m

TOO OTUCH "FUSSING" WITH BEES, &c.

fHAVE jnst been taking a forced lesson on winter-
ing bees, and as it may gerve to allay to some ex-
, tent, the nervousnees lelt by some on that subject,

I send you an account ot It. On the 2.3d of October
last, after dark, two stocks of bees, one a hybrid, the
other a pure Italian, disappeared mysteriously; on
the 16th of April the hives were found in a tliicket of
hazel brush where they had been all winter. The
hiTe that bad contained the Italians was empty, but
the hybrids were in a prof perous condition notwith-
stancingthe fact that the entrance 5 inches long and
K high had been open and no cover on except a two
inch plank and boards which were put on so loosely
that a wood mouFe l»ad made a nest on top of the
lYames out ot the diuLle thickness ol sheeting, the
only winter covering provided lor them when stolen.
The frames were let down 4 inches from the top of
the hive which space was open all winter.

Do net folks fuss with their bees too much as a gen-
eral tbirg ? On the 25th ot Kov. '75, I set 40 stocks in
the cellar lour deep, entrances closed tight and two
thlcknisscs ol sbeetins on top ol the frames, the caps
off, but the bees shut in ; and kept them so until the
latttr 1 an of March without los-ing an^ . In the
spring lour were robbed; but the lemaining 36 in-
creased to 110 and with their increase, gathered up
wards ol 4300 lbs. of honey, about one-third comb and
the rest extracted.

Last winter I set 97 stocks in the cellar in rows,
hives one upon the other lour deep, with the bees
sLiit in tight and lost none. Over the frames I placed
sheeting doubled, or newspapers, (the latter are bet-
ter), and in one instance a sheet of tin; all wintered
equally well. I have never lost ai:y in the cellar ex-
cept those that I fed and kept shut in the hive while
feeding, Jerome Wiltse, Rulo, Neb.

Perhaps it will be as well to be a little care-
ful about taking a positive position on any of
these questions, inasnauch as bees at times
winter well under almost any circumstances ;
again they winter badly under almost any cir-
cumstances. If the bees are healthy, and have
an abundance of sealed stores — very likely the
latter secures the former — they generally get
through all right whether in the cellar or out-
doors, covered or uncovered ; and even shut-
ting them in the hives, if everything is all
right, seems to cause them no annoyance.

NATUKAIi SWAKMING, VERSUS ARTI-
FICIAIi QUEENS, SECTION BOXES, &:c.

I

T seems friend McGaw has get a hobby too
as well as friend Doolittle. We, do not
have hobbies ; O no !

Is it not strange that some stocks (same ones year
after year) always come out strong? Take for in-
stance the first colony I ever owned, bought in 1863 —
shipped it west Irom Monmouth the ]3th of August,
1866. It always winters and I never knew a season it
did not give some 6ox honey. Same way with anoth-
er made irom the above in 1807, and severaJ others.
.Now it won't do to say they had iietter treatment than
others; they might iiossibly have better quei-ns, liut
how does it happen they always have better queens?
They mostly have young queens, for when 1 ship a
tested queen I always take her from a full colony.
The queen in No. 1 was hatched in the hive about
June 20th, '66; this slock swarmed in Oxford, Ohio,
June 13th, '66. The queen lived till May 1870, when
she was superseded, lacking a month of being four
years old. 1 do not remember what became of the
next queen. I probably sold her. In the summer of
1873 I gave this stock an artificial queen raised from
my imported (iiieen. Last summer this queen brought
off a swarm in July. This spring 1 find the queen is
failing very last and not able to keep her stock up.
Natviral queens are l>y far the best as I have pioven
to my satistaction the i)ast two seasons. Last season
I allowed most of my stocks to swarm naturally, then
took out all queen cells and gave them a laying queen
if I possibly could.

Hollingworth, Kellogg, and myself are yet undeci-
ded as to style of honey box or section frame to use
for surplus honey. Kellogg thinks some of the Har-
bison section frames, I like your4;^x4^ very much.
You use too little wood and the H. section frame has
too much, at least this is my view of them. I would
be glad if we could all use the same one for there is
getting to be too much honey in this region lor Mon-
mouth to consume ; and we must this season ship our
honey to Chicago or some other place. If we all use
the same section or frame we can all use the same
kind of package to pack it in and select some person
to go with the honey and sell it.

It seems to me were I to take out 4 frames from my
Langstioth hives and insert 2 frames at sides with
iH'smi sections, some of my queens would object to
my infringing on their territory. Have you tried the
sections in this way ? Don't your queens go over ar,d
lay eggs in the combs in them? I was thinking of
using them only in the upper story. I am making 150
L. hives exactly alike in size ; my covers are not fast-
ened (nailed) to the ca-'s. Hy a'lding, say 3 inch caps
to those I use on the hive 1 can soon make two story
hives of them. Messrs. .Sayles of Harttord, Wis., sell
you 4j^x4>^ sections or any size within reason for 75«
per hundred. T. G. McGlAW.

Monmouth, Ills., April 26th, 1877.

We too have colonies that are good every
year, and whose queens lay profusely until
they are three years old, yet they are not al-
ways natural queens. We have been tempted
to think queens reared during the swarming
season, were more likely to be long lived or
prolific, yet even that may be only the result
of indirect causes. We might find it difficult
to raise long lived queens every time, but we
are pretty sure we could with few bees and
very old larvte, raise a poor queen every time
we tried. Good queens are one of the great
aids, in getting tons of honey, and we think it
very liliely friend M., that a beginner would
get more good cues by natural swarming,
than by raising artificial ones ; but how shall
we do this and keep our stock pure? Won't
friend Doolittle please tell ? He has had lots
of experience with swarming, and if he sticks
to such small hives, will doubtless have lots
more.

You can put 7 frames of brood in a hive,
and have a frame of sections at each outside,
and 7 L. frames give more space than the 8
Gallup frames that Doolittle uses. If you have
a queen that can fill more, let iier have them
by all means, and put on an upper stoiy. You
will find that 7 frames filled with brood — clear
to the outside bars — as Dean and Doolittle
have them, is about as much brood as is ofte»
seen in one hive. While we are about it we
wish to say that we think we can with the
chaff cushion division boards, build up colo-
nies full as fast with the L. frame, as they can
with their Gallup frames. Especially when
our queens are all daughters of imported stock.

MAKING STOCKS QUEENLESS, DURING
THE HONEY SEASON.

fSAW a few days ago for the first time Mr. Doo-
little's question to me in Sept. No. about my
, statement of the product from a colony which I

had unwittingly deprived ol its queen in dividing.
As the question is pertinent and of importance just
now, I will reply. I am sure they had no queen until
they reaiiil one. As the one taken was a fine Italian
bought of Nellis in '75, I knew it in the new colony.
Another evitlence is the fact that this new colony are
pure Italians while the present stock are hybrids now.
The work done by this qucenless colony was the
heaviest 1 ever had, and I bad them at work in three
tiers of sections one over the other. This question is
important ami shows how much we are at sea— even
the best inlormed. Is it not an evidence that no rules
can be laid down in this or in much else that pertains
to apiculture ?

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

149

SMOKERS, " HOW TO FIX 'EM."

I am eorry to see the Irritation regarding smokerB,
shown in the May No. of Gleanings and the A. B. J.
My own Quinby had Its cover all eaten off by mice
last winter. I procured a fine piece of sheepskin
lining of a shoe dealer and fitted and glued It In a few
minutes. It is now better than new. Cut paper pat-
tern to go round and lap over edges ii inch. If the
spring gives out make one or get one from the maker
but don't scold. "Book men" should keep their tem-
per.

Let kerosene oil be rubbed on bee stings but keep
It away from bees.

GLOVES.

I must except to the objections to the upe of yloves.
Take a i)air of gaimtleis. buck or lined sheep skin,
worn ones will do, and cut off the end's, say half of fin-
gers and thumbe, and use and try, when obliged to
do work with cross bees, hybrids or others. With
the veil, one Is saveil the tears which even Nov-
ice «hed when pulling out stings. I had to overhaul
one colony last week and though they tried hard to
drive me away I finished my work after stopping to
laugh at the antics of hens and chickens near by, at-
tacked nnd f-tung. When honey Is coming In there is
no need ol protection, but there Is none here now,
and bees are cross.

Now as to the tiering up that Mr. Doolittle objects
to. Is it not clear that the L. frame is better adapted
to ii than the Gallup or any deeper frame ? Besides ;
the first should not be lifted until nearly ready lo be
capped over, or partly capped. With the suspended
frame sections Mr. Doolittle's plan may be adopted
by starting in first story and lifting up ; and really the
two i^ inch sections are no farther above brood in
L. frame than one 6 inches woul<l be in G. frames. By
taking off promptly all finished frames, it works well.

Charlottesville, Va., May 7th, 1877.

We have several times known of enormous
yields of honey being obtained from queenless
colonies, or rather from colonies that were
rearing a queen, but we believe the contrary is
the rule, especially where we are working for
comb honey.

We beg pardon, if our remarks about smo-
kers were unnecessarily unkind to anyone.
Where any article is made of leather, is there
not always a liability of getting a poor piece
now and then ? We once wore a pair of boots
through two winters, but on going to the
same maker for a second pair, got some so
poor that they broke out in holes in less than
a month. We took them back, but the poor
man looked so troubled and unhappy over
them that we concluded to say nothing about
damages, as he had evidently been unfortu-
nate in selecting his stock. If you get a poor
piece of leather in one smoker in a hundred,
will it not be best to repair it at home as
friend P. suggests ? We do not make them,
but suggest the measure, out of kindness to
Mr. L. C. Root, who we know is trying hard
to make them all satisfactory, and the com-
plaints are very few, compared with the large
number sold.

We have published everything we could find,
favorable toward gloves but not a quarter of
the complaints. Do you not think they pre-
sent rather a poor showing? Several who
have paid .|2,00 or more, ofifer to trade them at
very low figures.

It is such an easy matter to test the sections,
that there is hardly room for argument. Hang
a frame of them in your hive, and see if they
do not work handsomely.

If you can not bring your hybrids into sub-
jection with plenty of smoke, you had better
let them alone. Where bees are in such a
mood that they will sting your hands, the
hens, chickens, and everybody and thing pro-
miscuously, there is something wrong that

should be righted. Kill the queen and put ia
a better one, if you can do no better, aaA
choose a time when they are better natured
to do it.

IMPORTED QUEENS.

syj^VERY No. of Gleanings speaks of imported
W/ii queens as though you thought there could be
'•■■^rM no mistake as to their purity. Now the queen I
got of J. Shaw & San, ehoulil have been from an Im-
ported mother, as their name is marked with a *, but
she is certainly hybrid and a very poor specimen at
that. Mr. Dasher of this county who has been rais-
ing queens tor sale several years, last spring got an
imported queen of Mr. Dadant, expecting to go Into
queen rearing more largely with imported 8to«k and
succeeded in raising (lui'tris enough lo supply all his
stock before h« had any tested; l)ut lo ami liehold
every queen proved to t>e hybrid, thus cutting short
his expected income froji an imported mother.

J. W. D. Camp.
Preble, (Jhio, May 6th, 1877.

We fear you are laboring under the very
common impression friend C, that the bees
from an imported queen should be yellow-
Our own imported queen, received from Da-
dant, is dark herself, and hir bees are the
darkest Italians we have in the yard. A few
days ago we visited friend Dean, and we really
believe we should have pronounced the work-
ers hybrids had he not assured us they were
from liis imported queen. When examined,
we found them very gentle, and very much in-
clined lo hang to the combs, which ordinary
hybrid^ of the same color, would never do.
We can swing a comb of bees from our im-
porttd hive round our head, without a bee
taking wing, while bees that have the least
taint of black blood, will run down to the cor-
ners of the frame and fall while it is held still.
Our house apiary was stocked with queens
reared from our imported, and the bees this
spring are large, strong, handsome and much
lighter colored than those reared from the im-
ported queen ; and best of all, they seem to be
just as vehement honey gatherers as the bees
from the old hive. Queens reared from an im-
ported mother are by no means necessarily
pure ; were such the case, we should charge
$3,00 instead of one. It would be strange in-
deed, were there not those who will not be
satisfied with imported stock, for there is not
one thing in bee culture that pleases all our
readers. We by no means wish to intimate
that they are diflicult to please, but only to
show how great is the variety of tastes and
preferences. Italians, fdn., extractors, section
boxes. Simplicity hives, &c., &c., all find de-
nouncers, and we even find good pleasant peo-
ple who complain of the whole business of bee-
keeping. Shall we not have a broader charity,
and a better opinion of our fellow men ? Shaw
& Son are men who can be depended on to do
exactly as they agree every time, we are happy
to say. It is our opinion, that we should be
perfectly satisfied with the bees you have spo-
ken of, and if not too much trouble, we would
like to receive a few in a queen cage.

It is too bad, that so much hard feeling is
engendered on account of these difierences of
opinion, and we can suggest at least one way
that bees can be sold and have everything
pleasant. Advertise hybrids, and then send
out bees that are better than you have led your
customer to expect.

150

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

June

TEMPEKATUKE FOK BKOO» KEAKING.

M S many stoclss of bees have ccme out weak in num-
iM^ bers in this stale this pprin? and perhaps else-
taZ^i where, a few words in repaid to the besl jneans of
fietiiiif!; and kefjjinjr the degree of heat required by the
law cf nsiiure, with the fev,est bfes demanded for the suc-
cessful rearing of young bets, wcnld not ccme amiss. In
( rder that btccd reaiii^g m^y go on successfully, the tem-
rerature inside the cluster of bees must be at least 80°.
Suppose we have a cluster of bees ihat on a ircderately
ccol morning recupies thice or four spaces between the
combs in a lull hive ccjitainfng 2000 cubic inches ; we will
usually lind breed en but two ctmbs ai d but small patch-
es at that. Now if we set the two combs of brood close to
one side oMhe hive and by means of the division board
shut all the bees on these two frames, we shall find that
the queen can and will occupy from two to three times
the space that she did when they were in the centre of a
full sized hive.

• i\s spring fussing bKS been s'-oken lightly of by some,
we made some expeiin ents in icgard to it and as an ex-
ample will give one. We selected two stocks as nearly
equal as possible, both being clustered between 6 ranges
of ccmb and shut the one on three combs while the
other had the whole hive. Both have been treated as
nearly alike as possible up to date, and the result is that
the one shut en the three Ivrmes has them fllkd with
brocd to the bottom bar and out at the corners while the
other has brood in four frames to the amount of about one
frame full, or one-thiid of what the other has. It will be
seen that we can put an empty fiyme in the biccd nest
of this hive and the queen w ill fill it with breed in a very
short time and that to the bottom and side bais, while if
we undertake to spread the other we shall be likely to
luinmore or less of the biood they already have. As
scon as the bees become crowded, we shove along the di-
Tiision beard and put in the center one empty comb, so
crntinuing to do until the hive is full, which will be long
before the other thinks of being so. 1 his is what we call
a judicious spreading (f ihe brood. N'exei spread brood
■when the bees are not crowded for room for it is only a
waste of tim.e, breed and heat.

We don't know but friend Townl^y ran ^et a handful of
bees up to agoed swarm as quickly in his chalf hive but
we can not do it. Another thing to be com-idered is the
size of frame. Take for instance the large Quinby fran e
and the Gallup, let a practical bee-keeper manage both
and he will scon lii.d that with the same ciuanlity of
Ives, pnd with qrcens of eriual fertility the fiJime tirsr
mentie.ned can nor be managed so as to have every cell
occupied with breed while the other can. Purihermoie
the hive with the small frames can be managed so that
double the ciuantity of woikers can to into the fields
while with the larire frame they have to slay at heme to
keep up the necessary hial for breed rcaiing. With the
large frame the bees arc spread e ut e\er too large a sur-
face, while with the small frame they are in a more
compact and nr lural form. To illusirate more fully, sup-
pose we hive a good swarm in a Vox 10 incht s square and
5 feet high, they will till it the first season if the .\ield cf
honey is good and if they winter well so as to eon&ume
but I'ittle of their stores, we shall find that the bees and
brood will be at the bottom while the heat is at the top.
Cut off the tot) and bring the size of the hive down to 12
inches deep and ciouble the quantify of brood will be
reared and double the bees go into the fields to labor.
Again, in the spring we often want to strengthen a weak
colony by inserting a fiame of brci d from a strong swarm
without injuiing it. and have the weak stock protect the
iirood given thnn. This we can do with a small frame
while with the large one it is f;ir more difficult. If we
have a very small swarm we take a frame fremr which we
can seen few be( s gtiawing, shake all the bees in the
sinaii stuck on to it Mid eoiiline ihtm to this one frame
aiicl in a few days thty will be strong enouiih to take one
empty frame. This is for ordinary spring weather and
not when the nierrnrv is 9.5° in the shade.

G. M. DooiJiTLK, Korodhio, N. Y., May 4th, ISW.-

We quite agree with all jou say friend D.,'
unless it is tliat .you place too much stress on
the matter of division boards and a small
brood framo. What is the reason you York
►Slate follis have so many weak stocks in the
sprin,";, and liavc to ktei> I'P such an endless
fussing with them V (That is pretty coo! wo
know after having succeeded tolerably well
for just one winter, but we want you to keep
on talking). We went to-day and opered our
20 frame long idea hive just to see how they
got along ; they liad not been disturbed this

spring at all, and in fact the hive had not been
opened since the time they chased us away
from our corn popper smoker last October.
We raised the cushions at one end, and con-
cluded the bees had all worked over that way.
But on going to the other, it was just the same.
Next we opened the middle and they were just
as closely packed there, and when we raised
out a frame they were clear dovt^n to the bot-
tom board, the whole length of the hive.
Thfy are in fact the strongest stock in th« api-
ary, and the strongest we ever saw for the 9th
day of May. What did it? They have had
no division board,, but on the contrary have
had an entrance at each end of the hive open
all winter. They had cbafl" cushions over the
frames, about 6 ii chfrs thick, and they are
there now, but they had nothing at the sides
at all. Every one of their 20 frames was full
of sealed honey in the fall, for they were con-
trary and would not work in the boxes, and
Mrs. R. says that is why they are now so
strong- She thinks they took a look at the
great quantity of stores they had on hand, and
concluded it was safe to start brcod in nearly
every frame in the hive as they are doing now.
We haven't jet decided what we shall do with
them, whether to clean out the cistern and
work thtm for extracted honey, to raise
comb honey and run the price down to 10c. , or
to swarm them artificially every Monday
morning and sell bees, or — or — or to put in a
division board and "build 'em up."

FKIENB MAKTIN-S CSRCUIiAR APIA-
RY, &f.

^^j LEANINGS for May is in hand ard finds us very
UnBf^ Vusy with our pe^s. We have (iiven up fr.ot-power
^ri aid now run our buzz saw with a ''vtee bit' of a
steam engine, a 1/2 horse power, iind how much easier it
is to dispense wiih working yrur legs oti while your
hands aiift Ticad have all ihey can a; tend to. Our bees
winteied finelj tind on a recent \i.'-it laiie-ng bee men we
fird all that were wintered in cellars or hout-es have
come cut in excellfiit conditii>n, and there will be many
Mayswaims. 1 hnd a few swamps en the 5th that h»d
started ii cijiient queen cells. I wintered 84 colonies in
cellar and found that those 1 deaihled in the fall came
out strongest, anel those that were kept In ee ding until
late in the fall were in the very best conditic n. Five
were wintered on summer stands, Iwowilh chafi only on
top, died. Three packed wiih chall' as per Townley, win-
tered, but two of them are now rather weak, whilr! one is
very strong, but no better if ps good as those from the
cellar. I iLade one mistake in wintering several old
queens and now am perceivin.' its effects ; ttey are about
used up and are being superseded,

I wish to give you an encouraging word in relation to
yourABCin bee culture. The manner in which you
have commenced it, reminds me of the boys and the snow
ball ; you commence on a small lasis but if you keep
rolling," yen will yet get a magnificent collection of facts
Mr.el piciiirea. It vtIII be to tee ciiliuie the same as
Knight's Mechanical Dictionary is to mechanics. You
out: ht to ill r in a few of the patent humbugs as well. I
nc-tice \iu huve v:'ii(us knuSs of aj.iaiies described.
Where is the log si m apiary down ly the pig sty with
weeds and i e;rlect sui rounding it ?

My aj iary is laid out and managed on a little different
ydan from any desctibed. I have been hoping to send
you a photograph of it but have not brought a camera to
bear upon it as yet. I set my hives in circles. The inner
circle is 12 feet in diameter, nine hives .set in the circum-
ference fatinrj the center four feel apart. As each hive
faces a d'ilTerent point of the C( mpa<s this is not too near.
The next circle has 2P hives which /«ce ouHvarcl from the
centre with room in rear of each circle to run a, two
wheeled cart. In examination or extracting, we start in
at one side of the circle and when we get through we are
comitig out where we started from, on the side nearest
the bee house. I shade the hives with vines of various
kinds, iiourds, morning glories, and even garden pole
beans, all trained on a fan shaped trellis, made by slitting
a board nearly the whole leng'h and spreadin,-? the tops.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN ]?EE CULTURE.

151

Our cart is this very handiest arranKeftient wo have intro-
duced in our yard. It can be wheeled up to a hivo !\iid
serves as a seat to sit on while »-ou examine the hive,
meanwhile it carries all your tools, extra combs, etc. A
hive cm be placed on it instantly and wheeled to any
p-M-t of the yard. Wo i)ut on a cover and away wo travel
from hive to hive with our extractor and when we have a
load, wheel it directly into the bee house; as the floor of
the bee house is below the level of the yard, our track
tliat runs into the hiuse enables us to wheel our load di-
rectly over a barrel.

By this plan of settina; hives in a circle I can pet more
hcea into a ^iven space than on any other, for every hive
faces a different point of compass, and the hives can be
placed closer together; besides, I paint the door-steps
different colors.

.J. H. .Maktin, Hartford, N. Y., May 7th, 1877.

Give US a photograph of it by all means.

REPORT FROM JAMES ROIilTV.

Also SOMETHING ON " TOTUEU SIDE " OF THE
CHAFF QUESTION.

w

IIRIEXD NOVICE:--! believe that bee-keepers,
or at least that portion of them who write for

~«j and take the bee journals, have almost unani-
mously agreed to call May Ist their new year, here in
the .Vortli. and to regard it as tlie proper time in which
to take account ot stock, report losses, &C. In ac-
cordance with said agreement I now send in my re-
port for the past winter.

Of the 153 swarms in my house apiary, and wintered
in my bee houses, I lost one of the weakest. They
starved, the last week in March, by clustering at the
south side of the hive away from their stores. In my
northern apiary I lost one queen. She was lost frorh
a colony in a hive having modern improvements— i, c,
chaff attachments— that was wintered on the summer
■stand. The rest are in good condition, generally,
many stocks being very strong. In a hive having
glass on the sides and rear end, I noticed brood in the
outside combs over three weeks ago, and I have other
stocks that I think are stronger than that one. Do
you think there is much danger of such colonies
"dwindling?" If there is, I must have some "cush-
ions" sure.

Xow, triend N., you asked my opinion of "chaff"
some time ago, and I will now give it.
' There can be no doubt but that bees can be safely
wintered, if properly packed in it, lor we have testi-
mony of men whose word is unlmpeacliable, that they
have succeeded with it. But it is ecjuaUy certain that
they can be safely wintered without it, and, as I think,
with much less trouble. I am sure it took me more
th.an twice as long to prepare those I wintered on
their summer stands, as it would to have carried them
into a house, or cellar, and none ot' them are as strong
to d;iy as some of those that were housed.

The double -walled chall packeil hives are, of course,
with the addition of a cushion on top, always readj'
for winter, so far as the hive is concerned; but tbey
cost nearly twice as much as a single hive and in ad-
dition are heavy and clumsy to handle. I have one
of them but it mast give better results than I antici-
pate or I will serve it as I did my double wiuih hives :
reconstruct it into a single one.

My e.xperience the past winter has convinced me
more fully than ever of the advisability of doing all
necessary handling some time before bees are housed.
When I put the bees in my home apiary in their win-
ter ([uarters I left several colonies out, intending to
winter them on their summer stands, but the weather
turned so cold in a few days that I concluded to put
them all in ; thinking those I had out of doors at my
northern apiary wonld be sufficient to test out-door
wintering, for the present ac least.

BISTIIREING BEES IN THE CELLAR.

In rearranging the last lot for in-door wintering,
some were disturbed somewhat; now for the result.
In four weeks or less alter they were put in, three of
them became very uneasy and shortly afterwards I
was compelled to take them out and put them in my
house cellar, that thev might not disturb the rest.
Alter they had been in the cellar a short time I saw I
must do something with them or lose them. As it
was too cold to put them out to have a fly, I finally
made a light frame, covering the bottom and sides
with newspapers and the top with muskcto bar, I set
this in the kitchen and put them In it, one at a time,
and let them have a flv. and thim returned them to
the cellar. They all came through, two of them in
pretty fair condition, the other weak, but now cut of

danger, as plenty of young bees are hatching out, and
that is the turning point.

SI'UINO UWINULING AND ISUOOD KEAKING.

Judging from your remarks in several of the last
niuubers of Gleanin<js, you seem to think that early
breeding causes, or at least aggravates, spring 'Iwind-
ling. Why bless you! friend N., that is just what
saves my bees. If 1 <',an only get bees enough to com-
mence breeding when they should, say early in Janu-
ary, I will risk their dwindling. What if the old bees
all die as soon ha spring opens, if there are plenty of
young ones to take their place. I would much rather
risk the labors of the hive to a gallon or peck of bees
two months and less olil, than to the same number six
months old the most ol whom will be b'St shortly after
they commence out- door labor. If you wish to see
how fast these old bees are lost, just give a stock that
has been queenless all winter, and consc(iuently has
none but old bees, a frame of eggs and unsealed brood
in April, and even if it is i)retty strong at tlie time, it
will soon dwindle down to a handful. liight here is
where the much talked of and dreaded spring dwind-
ling comes in ; old bees dying off and not enough
young ones hatching out to take their place. No one
ever saw a hive /«/? of young bees the first of March
dwindle down to nothing, while strong stocks con-
taining only old bees often do so.

FASTENING BEES IN THE HIVES FOR CELLAR
WINTERING.

Before putting my bees into winter quarters I put
mosquito bar over the portico and 1 think it paid, as it
permitted the bees to come out of their hives to carry
out the dead ones when so Inclined, yet, It prevented
their falling on the tloor and getting lost. And it is
much i>leasanter going into a room having a clean
fioor than into one having the floor covered with
dead bees.

AFTER SWARMIMG, HOW TO PREVENT.

As prevention of second swarms will soon be in or-
der, I hope those who have not already done so, will
try the plan I mentioned last September. I see
friends Kelly and Doolittle find it a failure with them.
With me, on the contrary, it has in every case pre-
vented second swarms. Mr. D's experience and mv
own are a little different in another respect. He says
that it is only the bees that are In the field that re-
turn to the old stand, &o. With me all, or vci'y nearly
all that have marked the old stand return to it, so
that scarcely a bee enters the old hive on the new
stand for several days, except the young bees that go
out to play, shortly alter noon.

Introducing young fertile queens to prevent second
swarms was a complete failure with me last year, as
the last one introduced for that purpose led out a
sivarm August 18th, after the article in September No.
was written.

West Lodi, Ohio, May 14th, 1877.

Now friend B., we rely very niucli on you,
Doolittle, and several other staunch veterans
to warn us when we are getting into mischief,
and while we think of it, if there is one among
the whole wlio is entirely free from extrava-
gant hobbies, we guess you are the one ; but
you certainly are inexperienced in the dwind-
ling business or you would not speak as strong-
ly as you do, especially when you say that a
colony with young bees does not dwindle. In
our apiary we have repeatedly had a fair colo-
ny of young bees dwindle out in April, and we
have made excellent colonies of stocks that
had been queenless until nearly May. An ex-
periment now in progress will illustrate the
matter. In speaking of McConnell's discovery
last month, we stated that larvjc might be
capped over as soon as six days, but afterward
thought best to make a careful test of the mat-
ter. In the apiary was a colony that had a
very fair quantity of bees in March, and nearly
all young ; as they stood out all winter, they
commenced rearing brood in February., du-
ring warm weather. In April all the old bees
were gone, and by the 25th, the day we started
to make the experiment, nothing was left but
a few dozen bees to take care of brood in three
frames, the middle one containing bees just

153

GLEA.NINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June

wnawing out. The queen has evidently been
faithfully doinpj her part, for almost every cell
near the brood contained several eggs. This
state of afl'airs we have witnessed many times,
and were not at all surprised. Brood would
die the very first cool night, unless something
were done, and the queen might desert the
hive in less than an hour. In the house apia-
ry was a fair colony that was queenless, they
were kept so partly to see how long the
old bees would hold out. I knew from past
experiments that these queenless old bees
would accept any queen at oace, and that they
would adhere to any location, if given a queen.
Every comb containing eggs or larvnc was
given the queenless stock, and perhaps a quart
of the old boes were given to the queen in her
own hive. What do you suppose they did ?
The queen commenced laying right off, and
you never saw a set of school children more
delighted with a holiday, than were these old
bees with a queen that went right to work
laying eggs about as regular and fast, as a
farmer would plant corn. In just 6^4 days
they had larva- capped over, and in 9 days the
frame was pretty well filled with brood. Of
course we used chaff cushions. What do you
suppose the queen did when she got a frame
fdled? Went on to fill the others of course
and although young bees have begun to come
out rapidly now, the old ones seem as bright
and fresh as when they first commenced brood
rearing, /think the reason is that they did
not start out for pollen at all, until settled
warm weather, and when they commenced to
rear brood, but few bees comparatively were
needed to keep it warm, permitting the queen
to go right along with her work — after she had
got one field planted, taking another, &c.
With the green house I can easily hatch young
bees in Dec. or Jan., friend Bolin, but it costs
ever so much more than it does to do it in May,
aad I have never been able to discover spring
dwindling was any less liable to attack young
bees, than old ones. Others have made the
same experiment and we believe in most cases
with like results, providing they have had per-
fect young bees to start into winter with, and
not ragged winged veterans.

GLEAMtNCS IN BEE CULTURE.

Publislied Monthly,

-A-_ I. I?,OOT.

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR

MEDINA, OHIO

Terms : Sl.OO Per Anmini.

[Including Postage.]
For Clitb Bates see Last Page.

Ivfl:EIDIIsr.A-3 tTTJU^TE 1, IST'T.

But they that wait upon the Lonl shall renew (heir
strcng-th ; they shall mount up with winjrs as eagles;
they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall
walk, and not Taint.

We have sold about 50,0(0 section boxes already,
and liavc just now started a 'iS horac power engine at.
work at them.

Every letter we receive is no£ only carefully filed
away alphabetically, but the writers name is plainly
written on the envelope ; but notwithstanding, the
number received is such, that it is often a very great
task indeed to find one received but a few weeks back.
If our friends would bear this in miml in ordering
frames, extractors, etc, it would save much trouble,
and many misunderstandings.

Wk have received a sample of the fdn. C. O. Per-
rine oflers for 50c. It has no walls to the cells, but I9
like the fdn. made for so many years in England amJ
Germany. Not having as jet received a jiricc list, we
arc unable to say wliether he retails it by the single
pound lor .50c., or not.

L. C. Root says in May Agriculturist, in rt^rd to ease
of handling frames, "After the first comb is removed, the
preference is with the Langstroth frame in this one re-
spect." Where the frames slide easily in the rabbets,
(metal bearinss), we cannot think any one will find any
trouble in getting out the first one.

We are well aware that many things that ought te
have received attention or had a place in this No. are
left out; but with the great rnsh of bnsiness it has
been unavoidable. The way the fdn. has come into
favor is simply astonishing, and we think we may con-
sider all discussion at an end in regard to its value for
both brood comb and comb honey.

Something has been said about bees being sold
1 )wer than— than —than they can be afforded. Now ie
it not a waste of time, friends, to argue such matters ?
If anybody has offered bees for sale (or anything else)
cheaper than they can afford them, the matter will
very soon right itsell. It they can afford them cheap-
er than you. had you not better get up a little earlier
in the morning, and "■scratch around" a little faster ?
Those that work hard and talk little are often the
lucky ones.

RED BIROS' EATING REES.

fHAVE received the fonr No's of Gleanings, and
am well pleased with them. Will try to get sub-
. scribers. but you must take into consideration the

fact that I am located among the mountains of Ken-
tucky, and get mall but once a week ; the people are
ignorant and of course non-progressive.

I have read Quinby and taken some observatii>ns
during the past two years, and had ome to the con-
clusion that there was no bird that made a business
of catching worker bees, but yestenlay I was taken all
aback by a reputed harmless bird ot thi-j place (I nev-
er saw any in Michigan) called a "red bird."' The
male is red and a great singer, naturally a shy bird.,
but a few days fince I noticed one in my back yard
where I have 2 stands of bees. I set a trap lor him,
and watching to see him get into the trap I saw liim
go on to the alighting board of the hive and take bee»
out of the hive. 1 examined round the hive and lound
the ground and top of hive littered with abdomens
and beads of bees; of course I was willing ray son
should shoot him, which he did in a very few mo-
ments as bee diet had made him very tame.

I have had one of these birds in a "cage for the past;
year (.\pril 2d sent him to Toledo) and had not foumJ
him ravenous for Insect food, but 1 had never tried
him on on bees. My neighbor has one of tliese birds
which is singing at a great rate while I am writing
this. Think I will take him over some bees to test his
appetite.

I just went out, picked up two deformed young
workers and took them over to my neighbor's red
bin: ; as soon as he saw them crawling on the bottom
of his cage he plckeii them up but soon dropped them,
scratched his bill with his foot, then tried again with
better success and being exceiHlingly bee hungry left
no ))art of them that I could see. (le then returned
thanks in a nice song, and I left him In iiis glory; Ea<l
that I couldn't feel Iriendly toward his race.

This is a great place for toads, and (Quinby admits
them to be fond of bee diet; now by putting the hive
low and filling aroun<i with sawdust do not you invite
the toad to make it his home among the l)ee hives ?

H. SCKANTON.

riuramer's Landing, Ky., May 2d, 1S77.

1877.

riLEANlNGS IN BEE CULTURE.

153

ASSCOIVBZKa SVfrATiNLS. Pei-

Jiaps iiothiii}? is more afi^ravatiiif; in bee
culture, than to have your bees all on a sud-
den "light out" for parts unknown without
so much as stopping to give you a parting
-word of farewell, or a single token of recog-
nition of the debt they owe you in the
•ishape of gratitude for your past kindnesses
in providing thein with a home, shelter, &e.
Perhaps no other part of animated creation
exhibits a greater love of home, than does
the honey bee ; no matter liow humble or
uninviting the surroundings, they seem
much attached to their home as they parade
in front of their door-Avay after a hard day's
work, plainly indicating that they have a
keen idea of the rights of ownership, and
exhibiting a willingness to give their lives
freely if need be in defence of their hard
earned stores. It seems ditKcult to under-
stand liow they can ever consent to abandon
it all, and with such sudden impulse, and
common consent. No matter if they have
never seen or heard of such a thing as a hol-
low tree, but have for innumerable bee gen-
erations been domesticated in hives made
by human hands, none the less have they
that instinctive longing that prompts them
to seek the forest, as soon as they get loose
from the chains of domestication. It is pos-
sible that the bees as they go out foraging,
keep an eye out for desirable places for
starting new homes, and it maybe that they
have the hollow trees picked out some time
before they decide to leave. Many incidents
have been reported that point out pretty
clearly such to be the case. We once found
our bees working strongly on a particular
locality about a mile and a half from the
apiary, where the white clover was bloom-
ing with most unusual luxuriance. Very
soon after, a colony swarmed and tlie bees
after pouring out of the hive took a direct
line for a tree in this clover field, without so
much as making any attempt to cluster at
all. Did they not figure out the advantage
of having only a few rods instead of over a
mile to carry their honey, after having pa-
tiently gathered it from the blossoms little
by little y Perhaps it will be well to remark
here, that it is very unusual for a swarm to
go to the woods without clustering; they
usually hang from 15 minutes to an hour,
and many times several hours ; we have in
fact known them to hang over night, but
perhaps it would be well to take care of
them inside of 15 or 20 minutes, if we would
make sure of them. Long before swarming
time, hives should all be in readiness, and

they should also be located just where the
ufiw colony is to stand, with the sawdust,
grape vines, or whatever we decide to have,
all in nice trim. If you are going to have a
model apiary, please do not think of waiting
until the bees swarm, bef<n-e yoii lay it out,
biit take time by the forelock, and with care-
ful deliberation, decide where every hive
shall be before it is peopled with bees, if you
wish to keep ahead and keep your bees from
taking "French leave."

But they sometimes go off even after they
fiave been carefully hived, some will say.
We are well aware they do often go off after
being hived ; sometimes the same, and some-
times the next day, but are you siu'e the hi-
ving was carefully done ? We never feel
satisfied unless we have given the new^
sw^arm at least one comb containing unseal-
ed brood, and we have never had a swarm
desert a hive when thus furnished, nor have
we ever heard of one's doing so. With such
hives as we shall describe, it is a very simple
task, and takes but a minnte to open a hive
and get such a comb. And besides, if by
any chance you should fail to get the queen
when you hive the swarm, they would be
supplied with the means of rearing another.

This plan of giving them unsealed brood,
does very well if you can once get them into
the hive, but it is necessarily somewhat like
the one of catching birds with a handful of
salt ; how are we to obviate losing the occa-
sional swarm that goes off without cluster-
ing at all V Or the quite frequent cases of
coming out imobserved or when no one is
at home V AVe are happy to say there is a
very certain and sure remedy, for all cases of
first swarming, in having the wings of the
queen clipped so she can not fly ; this plan
is in very general use and answers excellent-
ly for all first swarms ; but alas, the after
swarms are the very ones that are most apt
to abscond and we can not clip the wings of
their queens, because they have not yet taken
their wedding flight. What shall we do V
Candidly I don't know of any better w^ay
than to watch carefully when they are to be
expected and then chase after them, climb
trees, &c., mitil they are once got safely into
a hive. If you think this too much trouble,
prevent having after swarms as we have ad-
vised under that head.

Clipping the wings of the ([ueen prevents
losing first sw^arms by absconding, it is true,
but it does not always prevent losing the
queen. She goes out with the bees as usual,
and after hopping about in front of the hive
sometimes gets ready to go back at about

7M

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Junk

the same tiine that the bees do after having
tliscovered she is not in the crowd. Even if
she gets some little distance from the hive,
the lond hum they make as they return, Mill
guide her liome many times, but unless the
ajjiarist is at hand at such times to look af-
ter affairs, many (jueens will ]>e lost, and
the bees will rear a lot of young tjueens and
go into after swarming in good earnest,
making even the tirst swann an "after
swarm."' A German friend who knows lit-
tle of bee cultiu'e, once told me my bees were
swarnnng, and that if 1 did not ring, the
l)ells, &(!., they would cerUiinly go to the
woods. As I quietly picked up the (pieen in
passing the hive I told him if they started
to go away, ] would call them back. Sure
enough, they did start for the woods, and
had gone so far that 1 really began to be
frightened myself, when away in the dis-
tance we saw them suddenly wheel about
and i-etum to the , hive at our very feet.
^Vhile he gave me credit of having some su-
pernatural power over bees, I felt extremely
glad I had taken precautions to clip all our
(pieen's wings but a few days l^efore. After
this 1 felt a little proud of my control over
these wayward insects until a tine swarm of
Italians started off' under similar circum-
stances, and despite my very complacent
positive remarks to the effect that they
would soon come home, they went off and
staid "oft".'"' In an humbler and I dare say
wiser frame of mind, I •' investigated," and
found they had joined with a very small
third swarm of black bees that had just
come from one of a neighbor's hives. I
tried to "explain,"'' but it required a tive
dollar bill to make matters so clear that I
could carry back my rousing swarm of yel-
low bees and sort out the black unfertile
queen, that they might be made to accept
their own. Thus you see my friends, how
many a slip there is in bee culture between
<"up and lip, and how very important it is
that you keej) i)osted and also "post" your-
self in some consi)icuous i)lace near or in
the apiary if you allow natinal swarming, and
do not want your golden visions— and bees
—to take, to themselves wings and fly away.

AHSCONDINO IN EAKLY SPRING.

This seems to occur just at a time when
you can ill aff'ord to lose a single bee ; and
worse still, only when our stocks are gener-
ally, rather weak, so that we dislike the idea
of losing any of them. In this case they do
not as a general thing seem to care ])articu-
larly for going to the woods, but rather take
a fancy to jmshing their way into s«nne of

the adjoining hives, and at times a whole
apiary will seem so ci*azy with the idea, as;
to l>eeome utterly demoralized.

A neighbor who made a hobby of smalT
hives — less than half the usual sire — one tine
April day had as many as 40 colonies leave
their hives and cluster together in all sorts
of promiscuous combinations. To say that
then" owner was pen^lf^xed, would be stating
the matter very mildly.

Similar cases, th«iugh j^eiiiaps not as bad,
have been reported from time to time ever
since novices commenced to learn the sci-
ence of bee culture, and although cases of
swarming out in the spring were known
once in a great while l^efore the new im-
provements, they were nothing like the ma-
nia that has seemed to possess entire a]}ia-
ries— small ones — since tJie time of artificial
swanning, honey extractors, &c. We would
by no means discourage these improve-
ments, but only wani Ijeginners against ma-
king too niuch haste to l>e rich. Do no di-
vide or commence swanning your bees, until
they are abundantly strong ; have them go
into winter (piailei-s with an abundance of
sealed honey in tough old combs as far as
may be, give them hives with walls thick
and warm of some porous material, such as
chaff or straw, with a good thickness of the
same above, and you will have little cause
to fear any trouble from bees absconding in
in the si)ring.

auscondixit nucleus swakms.

This, like the above seems an outgrowth
of the artificial system of working with bees,
especially the plan of rearing queens in nu-
clei formed of two or three frames five or six
inches square. Tliis small hive system was
much in vogue about the year 1865. For
awhile all worked finely, but soon complaints
began to be heard that the bees left theii-
hives in a body, with the queen, whenever
she attemi)ted to take her flight to meet the
drones. Giving them unsealed lai'va% to
amuse and console themselves with while
she was absent, was then advised and it an-
swered very well for a time, birt eventually
one after another began to declare they
wanted no frame in the apiary for queiMt
rearing, smaller than the ordinaiy brood
frame. Since this but little has been heard
in the way of comi)laints of this kind of al)-
sconding. Where one lias the time to study
these little swarms, there is something very
interesting and amusing about them. We
have had them do finely for several weeks,
with [)erhaps no more than a good i)int of
bees. A good day's work during clover

1877.

GLEANINGS IX BEE CULTl'llE.

15

l)l<)oni, would fill the hive completely, ami
the young queen after connnenciuff to lay,
woiilil often till her combs for the second
♦lay's work ; then if slie turnwl uj) missinj?
"i»u tlie third day, we use<l to wonder wliat in
the worl<l WHS the matter. Sometimes these
little swarma would he found hangius on
n currant or raspljerry bush as (juietly and
<lemiuvly as if that was the way bees always
«lid, and at other times when we had hunted
through all availiil)le places for a truant (;ol-
<Hiy and given them up in despair, they
would coine circling back and cluster ([uiet-
ly almost under oiu- (very) inexperienced
noses.

There is still another kind of absconding
that seems to be for no other reason than
that the bees are displeased with tiieir hive,
or its surroundings, and at times it seems
rather <litficult to assign any good reason for
tlieir having suddenly deserted. We have
known a colony to swarm out and desert
their hive because it was too cold and open,
iiud we liave known them to desert because
the combs were soiled and lilthy from dys-
entery in tlie spring. They very often, swarm
out, because they are out of stores, and this
generally happens about the first day in
vspring tliat is sufficiently warm and sinuiy.
V\'e have known them to swarm out because
their entrance was too large, and if we are
not mistaken, because it was too small. We
have also known them to swarm out because
tl>ey were so "liestered"" with a neighboring
ant hill — see ants — that they evidently
thought patience ceased to be a virtue.

^laify times they swarm out in spring
where no other cause can be assigned than
they are weak and discouragetl, and in such
ca.ses tliey usually try to make their way in-
to other colonies. While it may not always
he possible to assign a reason for such be- ;
liaviour with medium or fair colonies, we
may rest assured that goo<l stiong colonies
with ample supplies of seale<l stores seldom
if ever, go into any such foolishness.

Ily way of summing up it may be well to
say : if you would not lo.se your bees by nat-
ural swarming, clip the wings of all ciueens !
as soon as they commence laying, then look
to them often and know what is going on in
the apiary every day during the swarming
season. If you woidd not ha\e runaway
swarms in the spring and while (jueens are
being fertilized, confine yo\u- experiments to
pecks of bees instead of pints.

AFTZB. S^VARMIira. We miglit
^lefme this by saying that all swarms that '
<Mjme out, or are led out by a v i itoi x <^ueen% I

are termed after swarms, and all swai-mf;
that eome out within ten or fifteen days af-
ter the lirst swarm, are accompanied by sucii
queens. Tliere may be from one. all the way
up to a lialf do/en (»r even moie, depending
on the yield of honey, amount of brood or
larva-, an«l the weather; but whatever
the nund»er, they are all le<l off by qtieens
reared from one lot of (pieen (tells, and the
nund)er of bees accompanying them, is of a
necessity, less each time. The last one fre-
<iuently contains no more than a i)iut of
l)ees, and if hived in the old way, woidd be
of little use under almost any circumstances,
yet when sui»plied with combs already buill
and stored with honey, su(th as every en-
lightened apiarist should always keep in
store, tliey may be made the very best of
colonies, for they have young and vigorous
queens, and often are ecpial to any in the
apiary, the next season. This after swarm-
ing is often considertMl a great nuisance, or
misfortime, but where bees can Ik* sold, at
even tolerable figmes, we would advise ta-
king care of all that may come out iu tlie
manner indicated. In fact we know of no ea-
sier or simpler way of raising bees, but imless
the apiary and bees in the vicinity are j)retty
thoroughly Italianizeil. there is much great-
er risk of getting poor hybrids, than with
the different ways of artificial swarming
where we rear our (jueen cells from choice
selectied brood.

There is one very annising feature in iv-
gard to these after swarms. When they
have decided to send out no more swarms,
all the yomig (|ueens in the hive, are sent
out. or it may be, allowed to go out with the
last one, and every few days dining the
swanning .season, .some "new hand"" writes
us about the wonderful fact of his having
fomid three or four, or it nniy l>e a half doz-
en (pieens in one swarm. On one occasio]i
a friend who weighe<i something over 200.
ascended to the top of an apple tree during
a hot July day to hive a very small third
swann. He soon came down in breathless
ha.ste to inform us that the swarm was alt
queens, and in proof of it, brought tw(» or
three in his closed up hands.

The queens with these after swarms .sel-
dom lay in the drone cells at all the first
season, and the bees therefore build almost
entirely worker comb, wfiich is additional
reason for taking care of them, and supply-
ing them with stoivs from other colonies.
However, we would advise as a general rule,
preventing too nuich after swarming if it
can be done without much troiUile. but if

156

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June

they will come out in spite of all we can do, |
take care of tliem in the manner indicated. \
Wliile tijL-st swarms usually come out in the j
middle of the day, and take things in a reg- :
ular methodical way, as indeed we might
expect a laying queen of age and experience
to do, these after swarms that have queens
not yet fertilized are to be looked for at al-
most any time of day, from early -in the
morning, until after sundown, and they may ]
also be expected to do all sorts of eccentric
things, and to cluster in all sorts of places, [
or to go off into the woods, without cluster- [
ing at all. , i

Preventing after swi'.rming, can generally j
be accomplished at least temporarily, by cut- ;
ting out all queen cells but one, after the old I
((ueen witli the first swarm has left. There j
are two objections to this plan however.
The first is that if the single cell left fails to {
produce a perfect queen, the colony is left j
queenless. The second is that they will
sometimes— especially the Italians — swarm i
out with the only queen left, leaving the col- i
ony hopelessly queenless. With the extract-
en-, or by the use of empty combs, we can al- |
most invariably keep dawn the swarming fe-
ver, but if we work entirely for comb honey
even if the boxes are all supplied with foiui-
dation, we must expect to have more or less
.swavming. With box hives, perhaps the best
we can do, is to hive the after swarms near
the old stock, and let them set until the next
day ; by this time ail the queens will have
been killed but one, and we can then kill her,
shake the bees in front of their old hive and
all will be " lovely," or about as nearly so as
things ever are with box hives.

Giving the old swarm a young fertile queen
as soon as the first swarm has left, will usu-
ally prevent all second swarming, or at least
for the time being, for the laying queen will
soon destroy all queen cells, or induce the
bees to do so. A simpler method, and one
that we believe succeeds almost invariably,
is to move the old colony away as soon as
the first swarm is out and set the new one
on the same stand. This has the elfect of
getting all the flying bees into the new
swarm and leaving the old one so destitute
tliat the queen that hatches first is allowed
to destroy all the rest of the cells. By this
plan, we are spared the trouble of opening
tlie hive, but are obliged to carry each hive
to a new stand as soon as it has swarmed,
[f the queen's wing is clipped, and we are at
liand, we can manage swarming by this
method very expeditiously. As soon as they
commence swarming, pick up the queen

and carry away the hive they are coming out
of ; place the new one in ' its stead and as
soon as the bees commence coming back to '
look for her, put the queen among them, and
your hive is swarmed without their cluster-
ing at all. This plan works excellently and
the bees go right to work apparently as per-
fectly satisfied as if they had clustered in
the usual way. The only objection is that
an inexperienced person might not find the
queen readily, and she might be lost ; also,
we are obliged to be on hand or risk losing
our queens. It should be bonie in mind
that a swarm that issues a month or more
after the first swarming, is not to be consid-
ered an after swarm for in this case it will
be led out by a laying queen, or one tliatt is
old, compared with the queens just hatching.
In regard to the oft repeated advice to pre-
vent after swarming by removing all queen
cells but one, it may be well to say that the
Italians frequently swarm without con-
structing queen cells at all, and the beginner
is sadly i)uzzled at finding nothing of the
kind when he looks his hive over. Also, we
may have several after swarms without hav-
ing any 'first swarm at all, where the queen
is killed or removed by accidelit. We once
had a box hive neighbor who was so much
taken np with an observatory hive he saw at
our house, that he at once w^ent home and made
one, and to get the bees, dnmimed out about
a quart from one of his hives. He got the
queen, and had a very fine one comb hive in
his parlor, but in a few days the box hive
she came from connnenced swarming, and
furnished liim with more (jueens and small
colonies than he knew what to do with.

AIiiaHTXZO'C^ EOAU'DS. A few
years ago it was common to see bee hives
perched upon benches or "legs" with grass
and weeds so thick on the ground below,
that if a heavily laden bee missed the hive,
it was a chance if it picked its way out in a
full half hour, but at present we usually see
the hives so near the ground that those heav-
ily laden with pollen or honey, may go in on
foot if they find it more convenient so to do.
If you doubt the utility of having the groxmd
smooth and clean in front of the hives, it
may be well to take a look at a hive set in
the weeds and grass, and then at one pre-
pared in the way we advise. Several years
ago, we had a fine cohniy suspended from a
pair of spring balances. It was in the height
of the clover bloom, and the hive gained in
weiglit during the day an even 10 lbs. As
the hive was raised a couple of inches from
the ground to suspend it, the bees at about

1877

(iJ.EANINGS IN BEE CITLTITRE.

157

V o'clock, liad fallen on tiie prroinul in (juite
y little cluster where they paused to take
Itieath until tliey could a«-aiu take winjr to
gei into the hive. At tliis time the spring
balance showetl a gain oi an ounce every
five tnininit<>s. To help tlieni. a cloth was
tacked from tlieir old alif?hting boanl to the
entrance of the hive ; tliey then crawletl in
in a steady stream, and the dial of the balance
at once showed a gain of one ounce in every
four minutes. Other experiments seem to
indicate very clearly that a good alighting
itoard, or rather a free and miobstructed
passage to the hives, is a very important
matter.

If any kind of a boartl is placed on the
jjround in frout of the hives, it is sure to
Avari) under the influence of the hot sun on
i>ne side, and the damp earth on the other.
If we clamp it to prevent this, we have a
place for toads, mice and other vermin to
hu-k, and taking all things into considera-
tion, we prefer a broad bank of sawdust,
spread directly on the ground. When this
is first put down, it is blown about by the
winds, and beaten down by the rains, but if
you press it down when damp or wet, it will
when dry hold its place nicely, is not affect-
ed by the weather-, affords no lurking place
under it, and gives an excellent foot hold
for the bees when returning during a windy
ilay. After the days work is over, the sight
of the bees congi-egated about in their
-• door-yard," is suggestive of peace and
tranquillity to anyone who has studied tiie
i[ueer ways of these '" little busy bodies.''
So much attached in fact do they seem to
become to the idea of keeping this little
door-yard clean and tidy that they will labor
l)y the hour in trying to pull up any tiny
blade of gi-ass or weeds that may have the
audacity to attempt to grow any where with-
in a foot of their hives. This sawdust idea,
is also an excellent one when we are watch-
ing or himting queens with clipiied wings in
natural swarming. With a nicely kept door-
yard, you can get your eye on the queen,
when several yards from the hive, when
other\vise yon might have to hunt in the
grass and weeds for an hour, and then not
find her.

With the house apiary, we are compelled
to have a regular door-step, or alighting
board, and these should be as broad as we '
ean conveniently have them. Om- own, are
14x10 inches, and are securely clamped, and
painted on both sides. While the bees do !
fall to the ground to some extent during ai j
heavy yield of honey, there is less , trouble |

; tlian we imagined, for they generally strike
the bmad alighting board. Another point
I that favors their easy ijigress to tlie liives, is
the 2 inch auger liole entrances. Many of .
I the l)ees will shoot right into them, find
alight safely on the combs ; the auger hole
; seems to be a plain mark foi- them to aim at,
j even when some distance from' their liive.
Very likely it accords with their natural dis-
position of seeking hollows in the forest
treefi, and these entrancx^'S are not very un-
like the knot holes they many times have
for entrances in forest trees. It will be an
excellent plan t6 keep tlie ground clean
about the house apiaries also, that we may
see when queens are being brought out du-
ring natural swarming, superceded, &c.

The old style of Langstroth hive with its
portico, furnishes a very convenient alight;
ing board, but aside from the expen.se, and
inconvenient projections on tlie front of the
hive, we have found them very annoy-
ing on account of the excellent harbor they
afford for spiders with their attendant webs.
We might omit the roof, it is true, but then
the rain would beat into the hive incoil-i-e-
niently. Taking all things into considera-
tion, we much prefer the entrances as used
Mith the Simplicity hiv^, and the alighting
board or alighting ground rather, made of
the packed down saw^dust. See hiveS." -

ASTTS. Although I have given tKe^-
matter considerable attention, I can not find
that ants are guilty of anytlmig that should
warrant the apiarist in waging any very de-
termined warfare against them. Some
yeai-s ago, a visitor frightened me by sayiiig
that the ants about my apiary, would steal
every drop of honey as fast as the bees could
gather it. Accordingly I prepared myself
with a tea-kettle of boiling water, and not
only killed the ants, but some of the grape
vines also. Afterward there came a spring
when tlie bees all dwindled away and died,
but abont eleven colonies, and the hives
filled with honey scattered about the apiary
unprotected, seemed to be about as fair a''
chance for the ants that had not " dwindled"
a particle, as they could "well ask for. I
watched to see how fast they would carry
away the honey, but to my astonishment,
they seemed to care more for the hives that
contained bees, than for those containing
only honey. I soon determined that it was
the warmth from the cluster, that especially
attractetl them, and as the hives were di-
rectly on the ground, the ants soon moved
into several that contained only a small
^i'luster and for awhile both used one ctHnmon

1.58

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June

entrance. As the bees increased, they be-
gan to show a decided aversion to having
two families in the same honse although the
unts were evidently inclined to be peaceable
enough, until the bees tried to "push " mat-
ters when they turned about and showed
themselves fully able to hold possession.
The bees seemed to be studying over the
matter for awhile and iinally I found them
one day taking the ants one by one and car-
lying them high up in the air aiui letting
them drop at such a distance from their
home that they would surely never be able
to walk back again. The bees, as fast as
they became good strong colonies, drove the
ants out, and our experience ever since, has
been that a good colony of bees is never in
any danger of being troubled in the least by
ants. One weak colony after battling awhile
with a strong nest of the ants, swarmed out,
l)ut they might have done this any way, so
we do not lay much blame to the ants.

Ants frequently kill the young grape vines,
and young plants and trees of different
kinds, and it may be well therefore to know
how to get rid of them pleasantly and easily.
I really can not feel like recommending
boiling water, if we can get along otherwise,
besides the danger of killing our vines, &c.,
by its use. It is well known that where
things do not please them, they are much
disposed to "pull up stakes" and "ab-
scond " very much in the way the bees do,
and the simplest way we know of inducing
them to do this, is to sprinkle powdered bo-
rax about their hills. After the first rain,
you will see them forming a "caravan" lug-
ging their larvae, stores. «S:c., to a i)lace where
they are not annoyed by the disagreeable
soapy borax. Spots in our apiary where
they have been on hand every season for
years, have been permanently vacated after
(»ne application of this simple remedy. If
they make troublesome "trains" running
into the pantry, honey house, cS:c., you are
to follow them them to to their nest, and
there ai)ply the borax. As I have said be-
fore, I have not been able to discover that
ants have any particular liking for honey,
and! should take very little trouble to drive
them away, unless they got into the liquid
honey and got drowned or something of that
kind. By making their Jiabits and instincts
a careful study, we shall probably get at the
readiest means of banishing them, and we
may also discover that they are no enemy
after all, as has often. been the case with
many of the insect and feathered tribes,
l^et us try Lo be as neighbitrly as we c:in con-

sistently, with all these wonderful little
creat\u"es, that in a certain sense are fellow
travellers in this world of ours.

ARTiriCIAL FASTURAGIS. Al-
though there is quite a trade springing up
in seeds and plants to be cultivated for their
honey alone, and although we have about
4000 young basswood trees of our own,
growing finely and promising to be the basis
of a honey farm at some future time, yet we
can at present give little encouragement to
those who ex\)ect to realize money by such
investments. .There is certainly, a much
greater need of taking care of the honey
that is almost constantly wasting just for
lack of bets to gather it. A held of buck-
wheat will i»erhaps occasionally yield enough
honey to pay the expense of sowing, as it
comes in at a time when the bees in many
places would get little else ; and if it does
not pay in honey, it certainly will in grain.
If one has the money, and can afford to run
the risk of a failure, it is a fine thing to
make some accurate experiments, and it
may be that a farm of one or two hundred
acres, judiciously stocked with honey bear-
ing plants, trees and grains, would be a suc-
cess financially. It has been, much talked
about, but none si) far as we knov.', have
ever put the idea in practice. To beginners
we would say : plant and sow all you can
that will be sure to i>ay. aside from the hon-
ey crop, and then if (hat is a success, you
will be so much aliead ; but beware of in-
vesting much in seeds that are for plants
l)roducing honey and nothing else of value.
Alsike. and white Dutch clover, buckwheat,
rape, nnistard and the like, it will do to in-
vest in ; but catnip, mignonette. Rocky
mountain l)ee plant, etc., etc., we would at
present handle rather sparingly. It should
be borne in mind that we can hardly test a
plant, unless we have one or more aerea of it
in blof)m, and that small patches do little
more than to demonstrate that the blossoms
contain some honey, giving us very little
clue to eitlier (juantity or i|nality. Bees will
work OH l)l()ssoms, and at times with great
apparent industry, when they are obliged to
make hunih'eds of visits and consume hours
of time, in getting a single load; we there-
fore should be intimately acquainted with
the interior of the liive, as well as the
source from whicli the bees are obtaining
the honey, before we can decide what is
profitable lo sow as a honey plant.

By way of encouragement, we may say
that l)oth plants and trees xmder thorougli
cultivation, yield ho'.iey in nuich larger

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

159

quantities than those growing wild, oi- with-
out attention. Our basswoods that have
eonunenced to blossom, have shown a larger
amount of honey in the nectaries, than we
ever saw in any that grew in the woods or
fields. Tiie <iuestion, ''How many acres of a
good iKuiey bearing i)lant, woidd be needed
to keep 100 colonies busy V' has often been
asked. If ten acres of buckwheat would an-
swer while in full bloom, we shoidd need
perhaps ten other similar fields sown with
rape, mustard, catnip, etc., ))lossoming at as
many different periods, to keep them going
the entire warm season. It wo'JId seem 200
acres should do nicely, even if ni.ihing were
obtained from other som-ces, but at present
we can only conjectiu'e. A colony of bees
will freiiuently pay for themselves in ten
days during a good yield from natural pas-
turage, and if we could keep up this state of
affairs during the whole of the summer
months, it would be quite an item indeed.
Buckwheat, rape, and alsike clover, are the
only cultivated plants that have given pay-
ing crops of honey, without question, so far
as we have been informed.

AKTZriCIAIi SWARIkHNG. To

attempt to give all the various plans and
modifications that are reconnnended and
l)racticed successfully, woiild make a book
of itself ; we shall therefore only give those
we think safest and simplest.

If you are a new hand with bees, you had
better not undertake to do such work, mitil
you find that bees are swarming naturally in
the neighborhood. At such a time, you will
probably succeed by almost any plan. If
you have plenty of money and not much
time, you had better buy your queens, and
the dollar queeils Avill do very well ; if you
shoitld get them killed, it will be no serious
loss. If you also have plenty of empty
combs, you can make an artificial swarm in
a very few minutes, by simply moving any
strong colony several rods away, and pla-
cing a new hive filled with empty comb, in
its place. That the returning bees may not
kill the strange queen they find in place of
their accustomed mother bee, we protect
her for a day or two in a wire cloth cage,
see QUEEN CAGE. As they enter with their
loads of pollen and honey, they seem very
much perplexed and astonished, scram-
l)le out of the hive and after a few turns
about the premises to reassure themselves,
they go in again, repeating this until too
tired apparently to bother tiieir little heads
any farther with a matter that is altogetlier
l.)eyoiid tlieir comprehension, they wisely

conclude that " what can't be cured, linist
be endured," unload in the empty combs
near the (pieen, and go after more spoils.
We have had a colony of this description
l)ring in over 20 lbs. of honey, during the
first two days. Let the (pieen out after they
get friendly to her— see introduction ok
QUEENS— and your work is done. Should
the colony get weak before the young bees
begin to hatch out, you can give tliem a
comb of hatching brood from some strong
stock. ,

coMus of hatching brood.

As these combs of hatching brood
are a very important item in bililding up.
or strengthening stocks, and as we shall
have need of referring to them often, we
will explain that you are to look over the
combs of a very populous colony and select
one that has bees just gnawing through the
caps of the cells. .\t the proper season, you
should find combs that will hatch out a doz-
en bees while you are holding them in your
hand ; it shoidd contain little or no unsealed
brood, for the new colony might not be able
to feed all the larva^,. One L. frame will if
full of cai)ped brood, make a very fair swarm
of bees, and as these newly hatched downy
bees are — like newly hatched chickens foi-
all the world— ready to take up with any-
body or anything, we can put them sjifely
anywhere without fear of their being hos-
tile, to either queens or workers.

Can we not get .along without the empty
comb by using foundation in its stead y
Yes we can, but it is hardly advisable, unless
we can have two or three old combs to start
with, for the foundation should always be
built out between two finished combs.

If you prefer to rear your own queens,
which every apiarist should do, move your
colony as before, but instead of the queen,
give them a frame of eg(js from your choicest
queen. Now if you want fine queens, equal-
ly as good as those reared in natural swarm-
ing, be sure you do not give them any large
larvae, with the eggs. The best and safest
way, is to take an empty comb, place it in
the centre of your colony containing your im-
ported or choice queen, and leave it tlier'e vm-
til you find eggs in it that are just hatching
into larvae ; these larva? will be scarcely vis-
ible to the naked eye when first hatched, but
in place of the egg. you will see a tiny spot
of the milky food that the nurse bees place
round the embryo bee. This is just the age
you wisli the larvte for (pieen rearing, and
you may take the frame, bees and all, if yon
are sure you are not carrying your old queen

m

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Jttse

along— look shaiii — to your new hive. If
you want as many queen cells as you can
get, it will be a good iden to cut an oblong
piece out of the comb, just under the eggs
and lan'je. If it is inconvenient to move
your hive (as in the house apiary) you ciin
take only the combs with adhering bees, and
in fact you need take only so many of tlie
combs as are necessaiy to get all the brood
and the queen.

In 12 days aftei' the eggs are given the
bees, the queens may some of them hatch,
therefore if you design saving the extra
<}iieens you will need to remove all the cells
but one, or the first batched queen will de-
stroy them all. We have Imd a young que«n
destroy as many as twenty fine cells in a sin-
gle day, when we were so careless as to de-
lay attending to them just at the right time.
About 10 days after the (jueen hatches, you
may expect her to begin to lay, and then you
are as far along, as when you purchase a !
laying queen to start with, except that your
bees have been gi'owing old all the time— see I
AGE OF BEES — and unless they are supplied
with fresh eggs or brood, will be pretty
weak, before any young bees will be liatched
to take their place. Now if you wish to j
have matters progress, lively, you can give
these bees a comb containing eggs every '
two or three days during the whole time
they are waiting for the queen to be hatched :
and fertilized ; they will do much better if ;
they are thus employed, and they will be
quite a i)rosperous colony by the time the '
(jueen is ready to lay. To get these eggs,
you have only to insert an empty comb in i
the centre of a populous colony until the
(|ueen has deposited as n^any eggs in the
cells as are recjuired.

80 far, all is very simple, and to swann a i
large apiary, we would only have to repeat ;
the process as many times as we have colo- |
hies, and we also succeed in Italianizing all |
our new stocks. But how about the surplus
queen cells that we ciit outV This is just j
where the complication comes in, yet if we
look into the matter very carefully, we think ':
it will l)e found (juite simi)le. These queen ;
cells if cut out shortly before hatching and |
inserted into the combs of any queenless
colony, will usually furnish them a queen as
soon as the one left where it was built, and '
if an artificial colony was made at the time ;
the cells were cut out, it is i)lain we should '
liave them supplied about ten days earlier '
than the one that was obliged to start their ;
cells from the egg. Bees usually seem to '
have a preference for building their own I

cells, instead of having them furnislied, but
as they can by no possibility get a queen,
luitclied in less than ten days^perliaps nine
in extreme cases— the queeu from tlie in-
serted cell will be out and destroy the others,
{almost as soon as they are stjivtetl, and s«>
we need be to no trouble to get all the un-
desirable brood out of tlie way, as in our
first experiment. Unfortunately, there is
an if in the matter and it is ii the bees do
not destroy, this cell you have given them,
and proceed to raise one of their own in tlie
good old way. Many contrivances have
been invent<3d to prevent them, such as ca-
ging the c 11, &c., but we think you will do
well to waste no tin>e in experimenting with
such machinery. The lamp nursery, ena-
bles us to hatcli alnvost any i>umber of queen
cells, with safety, but occasionally the queens
ar€j lost in introducing even then ; see lamp

NUIISEKY.

The plan we would recommend for begin-
ners, and perhaps for everybody else as well,
is to procure as many combs of hatching
brood from different hives as you have queen
cells and to insert a cell in each, the manner
of inserting the cells, will be found in
(iUEEN REAiiiNG. Tliesc couibs are to be
all put in the one hive in which the cells
were built, and if you have more than ten
cells, put on an upper story, or even a third.
As there are no bees in the hive except those
that built the cells and the young ones just
hatching, we shall have no cells torn down,
and in a few hours, they will have waxed
them all firmly in their places.

Now with these combs of hatching brood,
every one containing a cell nearly ready to
hatch, we are in excellent trim to go on witli
artificial swarming. We can, not only re-
move hives and put empty ones in their
places as in our first experiment, but we can
take combs of bees and brood from any hive
in the apiary, blacks, hybrids, or anything,
and put them into a new hive located any-
where, put one of tlie frames with the queen
cell among them, and presto ! we have a
good colony, recjuiring no more care what-
ever. Four coml)s of bees and brood, will
make a good colony at any time of the year,
and they will be at work like an old colony
in ten days. We have never known a cell
destroyed when given an artificial swarm in
the manner we have stated. In substituting
a new hive for an old one, we should, if pos-
sible, use a new hive i)recisely like the old
one, or much trouble nray be found in get-
ting the bees to go into it. If we cannot do
this, make it look like the old one.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

161

|5c% and imm§'

OUT of 89 swarms packed in chall", they are all
) alive and In jrood sha'.ie, ivitlwut a single excep-
„ tio)i. Tlicy all have brood in all stages, and are
busy carrying in natural pollen. F. 11. Shaw.

Chatham, Medina Co., O., April 19, 1877.
[If friend Shaw lias not had experience in losses in
wintering and sjiringin^, we do not know who has,
and we can heartily rejoice with him in his success.]

Mortality among bees in Michigan within the past
six months is fnllv 50 per cent. G. E. Cokbin.

St. Johns, Mich., May 24, 1877.

My bees are all O Iv; wintered on summer stands;
I never have lost any in wintering, or from any other
cause whatever. I have OG colonies, and design on
increasing some little eacli year; it is a paying busi-
ness for me. E. LisroN, Virgil City, Mo., Apr. 11th.

[You can "go up to the head," friend L., if you have
never lost a colony at all.]

We are well satislied with "Gleanings" as an ad-
vertising medium. C. F. Lane.
KoSHKONONG, Wis., April 5, 1877.

[Heigho! We have one complaint of the fdn. after
all, and it is a heavy one too, but GLE.VNINGS must
be a faithful chronicler, no matter who sutlers.]

What is the matter with your fdn.? Confident of
success, I put starters % wide in 500 frames, inserting
them in a groove in top bar Si wide and lastenlng
nicely. I now find that not one has been used, the
hees eating them all out and starting on their own no-
tions as suits them. Is fdn. a humbug: ? If you know
of any way ih which it can be used please let me know
as I am at my "wit's end" with the stuli; and have IZ
or 14 dollar's worth of it on hand.

O. Brumfie;d, Brumfield Station, Ky. May '2(!th, '77.

[Now we haven't an idea where the trouble can
be, and have written for a sami)le of the fdn., top bar
and all, for it does seem as If the trouble must be in
his having used something offensive to fasten his nar-
row strips into the frames. By the way, friend B.,
wliat possessed you to cut strips only }„ wide ? Didn't
the bees "get ni.ad'' because you gave them so little?

Listen to what this next friend says.l

The fdn. received of you last fall is splendid, and
the queen lays in them as well as any other comb.

They neither sag nor bulge. Send the same kind if
you have it.

D. Strecter Milliard, O., May 16ih, '77

Enclosed find $3,75 (or 5 lbs. yellow fdn. worker size,
the sheets to be cut just right for L. frames. The lb.
sent me a short time ago workecl like a charm.

L. K. Leutz, Ullin, 111., May 21, 1877.

[That is the way to do; order a single lb., to try it,
and then if you or your bees are awkward, hold on a
bit; if all goes right, order more. Wc do not wish
you to be (lisappointed in any way, If it can possibly
L,e avoided.]

I hived my flret natural swarm on the Kith of May;
have hived 14 uji to d.ite, and there is prospects of
hiving 100 more inside of 3 weeks. This may seem
strange to you. but if facts are what vou want, here
they are. Hikam Koop, (.'arson CIty,"MIch., May 19.

tWhy, Iriend R., you and your bees "do heat all."]

The chaff hives stand the hot weather beautifully,
thus far.

From Different Fields.

^ SENT you a long letter some time siuca with a stamp
j?|| enclosed, asking about the fdn., how to use it, &c..
»!^ also .some other ([uestions. 1 expected to get a fath-
(!rly letter in return but instead I received a postal card
with a few lines. My disappciiitmeiit was great as 1 had
formed an opinion of you as one having a large heart and
wanting to help overylmdv along.

D. K. Jones, Watertown, Wis., Mav lllh, 1877.

Bless your heart my friends I do want to
help everyone along but you have failed to
consider that your letter is but one amona;
thousands and that to pive the answer you
ask for, to everyone, would be one of the im-
possibilities ; it takes a great part of the time
of three different clerks to give answers to the
kind letters even on postal cards, and for
matters of such general interest as the fdn.,
you certainly would advise us to put the mat-
ter in print and thus give all the benefit of it,
would you not friend D. ? Every experiment
I have made, and all I know about the fdn., as
well as every other matter connected with bee
culture, is carefully given in Gleanings, and
when I sit down and deliberately prepare mat-
ter for print it is much more accurate than
auy answer I could give you if you should pay
me a visit.

It seem!? hard to be disobliging dear friends,
but wheu one has the care of a manufactory,
an apiary, and the publishing of a journal be-
sides, there is very little time left. I feel that
I shall do most good all round, by giving my
best efforts to GLEANiNos, and then you all
will have the benefit alike. To do this well, I
must spend much of my time in the apiary or
I i^hould be in danger of giving you theory in-
stead of practice ; again if you send me orders
for goods, it is my duty to show the hands just
how they should be made, as well as to try
them iu my own hives and see how they work,
otherwise I should be taking your money
without giving you a fair equivalent. I will
read all the letters you may send — at least I
am going to try to — but I am sure you will
excuse me from trying to write kind answers
to you all, will you not"!* I will also read all
the cards that are sent you, and nothing shall
be sent out in the way of replies that I do not
endorse. Ifyouwishto hear from me indi-
vidually, please read your Gleanings with
more care. I am very anxious to help and to
please you all, am studying nearly all the time,
plans to make your hives, extractors, fdn., &c.,
cheaper, simpler, and plainer for you to un-
derstand, and 1 take a rare pleasure iu telling
you each month what I Imve discovered, and
in getting your postals telling me how you
have succeeded.

SMOKERS.

Provided the Bingham smoker sent you was as good .as
the one I have your remarks are entirely misleadmg. The
impression that you convey (but do not say so) is that
they are a poor thing— that you could make and sell them
for 50c. If ilmt be true you are helping a swindle on the
public by puffing the Quiuby smoker. I bought one ftcm
you last year and it is not worth 10c in comparison with
Bingham's. Kin? makes a good Quinby smoker for $1,00,
at least the one he sent me is a good one. I say. and the
bee-keepers will say Bingham's is away ahead of atiy oth-
er smoker in the market and they did expect of you a fair
and square criticism. I never saw Bingham, have no in-
terest in any smoker, but I believe iu giving everyone his
due. Give unto Ca'sar the things that are Caesar's.

The Simplicity hive is good, particularly the cover. I
tliink there should be a small entrance. The sections arc
ahead of any I have .seen.

Chas. J. Quinby, White Plains, N. Y.

It really does seem that there is to be as
great a difference of opinion in regard to smo-
kers as in almost any other one thing. The
greater part of our customers are well pleased .
with the Quinby smoker, and some of them
are extravagant in its praises ; but a few, seem
just as much against it. The Bingham srao-

162

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June

ker sent us, bothers just as much by going
out as the Quiuby, and it is a very coarse awk-
ward piece of machinery. The leather is sheep-
skin, the wood Avork rough and unpainted,
and the tin tube fastened to the bellows with
only a bit of twisted iron wire. In its praise,
we can sav that the tin case is much larger
than the Q., and a strong plate of iron substi-
tuted for the frail wire cloth. We are very
iclad indeed to get a favorable report from the
!?1,00 smoker, as we feel sure that is the price
they are destined to be sold at, but why in the
world do you or Mr. King call it a Quiuby
smoker? Our manufacturing Yankees can
surely give us something strong, handsome,
and efficient for |1,00, and with the present de-
mand, some one will surely do it very soou.
Meanwhile purchase whatever kind you choose
and let us all try to be pleasant about it, no
matter what turns up.

The Kert river valley is said to be a line country for
l)ee culture. However, in this latitude cotton is king,
and it is almost impossible to draw the public mind
irom this all absorbing question to matters of minor
importance. Occasionally here and there we lind an
individual who takes an interest in bees, and is wil-
ling to gather inlormation on the subject. My noigh-
l>oi', W. C. Gordon, has :>'j stands. He with I>r. ^V. K.
Marshall, are two ot the most enterprising bee men
known in thia section of the country. Dr! Marshall's
apiary consists of 100 colonies. His honey crop for
the year just past, was nearly f>000 lbs.

The market for the sale of honey here is by no
means good. The fact is, the people have to be cda-
i-a(ed to eat honey. Man is a creature of habit, he is
loth to give up his Louisiana molasses and look to
the honey bee for a purer and more <lelicious diet.
Cees have wintered with ns as usual on their suaimer
stands, though the winter has been extremely severe
for this climate. I have heard of the loss of" but few
colonies, and that occurred frcm starvation or rather
a want (jf proper attention.

We have the Italian bee, it does well in this coun-
try; as a worker the hybrid is the favorite, it never
tires, and in it, we have combined the good qualities
of each type, even to the farthest extremity when
slightly elongated. Yes, the hybrid stings. I would
not have a bee witliout a sting. There is Ijnt one
bee without a sting, and you call him "a drone."
Honey is valuable and the armed warrior must pro-
tect his stores.

With due deference to "Old Fogy," let me say. no
bee man is on the road to success without movable
comb frames. -• L. L. Tommes.

i^hreveport, La., March '20th, 1S77.

DISTURBING BEKS IN WINTER.

Have lost a number of swarms liy shoveling snow
around the hives in Dec. and Jan. ; ('> of them boileil
out into the snow in consequence of getting too warm
and all but one of these dwindled awav.

W. H. S. Gkoit, Poland Centre, N. Y., Apr. 21, '77.

We are but beginners in bee culture, liaving com-
menced one year ago. We liave 23 stands of black
anij hybrid (mostly heavy) in the " Lietsinger" hives.
We packed in chaff iind all wintered till the last of
March when we had cold damp weather with a heavy
fall of snow, and before the warm davs came on wc
lost a niimber, I think Irom dysentery. We are wil-
ling to work and anxious to become really bee-keep-
ers. Those around us with the box hives have lost
uearlv or quite all their beea. Kobeut Foijman.

JSorth VVolcott, N. Y., April 2Sth, 1877.

MOVING BEES 8U0ET DISTANCES.

I thon?l>t l>est to irivc you some account of my success
in moving l:)ees. I received a postal from T. G.'McOaw,
.stating that 1 could move them with safety a mile, but 1
h.ad them all moved before gettiuir his card. Au'.l now.
brotlier bee-keepers I am satislifd there is no danger of
bees going back to their old locality and staying. The ex-
citement in moving causes thein to tu.'irk iheir new loca-
tion if let out before getting quiet. I do not believe I lost
a dozen bees by their going back. I let thorn out as fast
as drawn but ufiiie went back. When 1 got nb::ut two-
third-j the way home with a loud, the bees would meet me

and gather round the hives following me home. Now my
idea is that bees after havimr been move<l wili not go very
far from the hive until they have thoroiighi'y marked all
the surroundings ; they will venture but a short distance
at a time and then return to the hive. My last year's
crop of honey was extracted except 150 lbs.

6RAIN BAGS INSTEAD 0¥ I>rCE.

Do you know whether l^ees will gnaw grain bags or
not, if used for nuJlts-? If they will answer they are
cheaper than the duck .you speak of; with my size of hive
I can get five quilts out of one l>ag. Oh, I forgot to say I
wintered 39 swarms in the cellar without the loss of one
or a queen, but after moving ibein, one swarm deserted
its hive and united with another. I>. Gardner.

C'ai'son City, Mich., April ISth, 1877.

You neglected to state friend C, how far
you (Ud move the bees. It may be that the
idea of letting them out just as soon as sax,
down, is quite an important one, for we have
known them to go back in large numbers and
cluster on the ground and bushes, when moved,
say less than half a mile. Perhaps the season
of the year has something to do with it.

We have never used grain bags to any ex-
tent, but since you have mentioned it, we will
make the trial. We find the stuff is not nearly
as firm and strong as the duck, but it may for
all that do very well. We should be some-
what afraid of the loose ends that are found in
the bagging ; after the bees once get a habit of
pulling at these, they very soon get to biting
holes through.

EARLY DRONES, FERTILE WORKERS, *C.

Some of my colonies batched out young drones
about the j5th or 2uth of March. Why so early? 1
never knew of such proceedings before. Then 1 have
a colony that seemed rather weak, and on examina-
tion could find no qneen, but found 1 or 5 queen cells
complete and cappetl over, also two queen cells par-
liallv built, with the larvre or young queen considera-
bly developed. Now, if there was no tjueen, whence
came these queen cells with the brood in them ? Anil
if there was a queen whv at tliis season of the year m
there no other brood in the hive ? These are new de-
velopments to me. SiMSON Stapi'.

Hope, Ind., April 11th, 1877.

If the colonies that are rearing drones are
full of worker brood, it is without doubt, only
because they are in extra good condition.
From your description of the one having queen
cells, we should think it contained a lertile
worker and that the colony had been queen-
less a long time. The queen cells in that case
contain only drone larvie, and will never pro-
duce anything. Fertile workers are always
an indication of carelessness on the part of the
bee-keeper, for he should always know that
every colony contains a qeeen, and not guess
anything about it. If you are led to think
something wrong, you should be able to look
into the hive and see whether they have work-
er brood or not, in about one minute ; this you
can do with a plain siini)le liive, every time,
but with some of the patented ones, it might
take you a half hour.

I would like to know if the "Tennessee Hive" is
patented. It claims to have been patented Dec. lUlh,
1871. The man here I think has sold in this county
$1(100 worth of rights, charging $12,00 for a family
right. I bought 94U, 00 worth of hives after paying Sl5.
Jor a right and am now transferring my bees into
"Simplicities" and oflering the Tennessee at a re-
duction. It is too much of a bee trap for me, and I
would not liave one now after seeing the Simplicity.

J. L. Caldwell.

Marlir, Texas, May loth, 1S77.

Why does it matter whether the hive is pat-
ented or not? Neither you nor anyone cNe
wants it. Is not such about the case witli all
of the patent hives V

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

168

SPKING DWINDLING.

I think some of my bees have the si)rinf!r dwimiUng,
while some ol' them at'luiilly dwiniUo »ip tiiKl are lull
■of bees— contain more bees tiian when 1 set them out.
Does not tlie trouble to a sreat t^xtcnt lie Ju bees
ft'roni difterent colonied congregating or joining with
•certain otlier colonies. A. C Northouse.

Grand Haven, Mich., April 24th, 1877.

We do not think the trouble is from bee.s
jrettiug into other hives, for they dwindle all
the same when wintered on their summer
stands. The evidence seems very plain to us
now, that the whole trouble with spring
dwiudlinar has been caused by cold and open
hives. When paclied in chaft', even if the col-
onies are weak, we see nothing of the kind,
and this explains why bees that winter finely
in cellars, do so badly after they are set out.
Whether iu-doors or out, we think they should
be packed in- chaff or some similar material
during the spring months.

1 commenced one year ago with 4^ colonies, in-
creased to 15, and took 150 lbs. coml) honey. 1 put
them in the cellar about, the middle of October, took
them out the first oJ February and inicktil them in
chaff where they are at the present time and all doing
uicelj. Wm. A. Towi.E.

Orleans, Mich., April 17th, IS77.

"EVERY ROSE HAS ITS THORN."

We have lost 102 stands of bees out of 12Ci.
M. L. Clifford, Lewistown, IDs., May 1st, 1877.

UNCAPPED STORES, ETC.

My 17 swarms all came throijgh alive ; S were queen-
less. 2 were weak and U all right. The swarm I put
away with uncapped stores (see page 68 Gleanings)
were sick when I set them out; their bodies were
badly digtcndcd and they were reduced in a short
time to about a teacuplul. 1 put theci with one of
my qneenless stocks and the queen is now laying
linely'.

Is rot the reason of Mr. Doolittle's success with box
honey, that he reduces the brood nest to the capacity
of the queen ? [Very likely. How is it friend D. ?]

You can say to J. iE. Dar't, that a parasite has aes-
troycd the largest part of our grasshopper seed eggs,
ihough there are many sound ones yet. But we cal-
culate to stay here unless they starve us out, for we
were herejirst. O. W. Parker.

New London, Minn., May Ist, 1877.

1 have lost 15 coloKies out of 38. Wintered on sum-
mer stands In Langstroth acd xXmerican hives with
hianket on top and 2 to 4 inches oJ chaff in supers.
<Jf the bees in this vicinity three-filths are dead.

Dii. A. S. Haskin.

Lawrence, Mich., April 30th, 1877.

My extractor and other articles arrived yesterday.
1 was pleased with the way you had packed all. Not
one thing was out of place.

E. H. Thornton, Bedford, Ind., May 5th, 1877.

1 am just commencing in the bee business, and on
rather "a small scale at that. Bought two swarms in
box hives last year— know nothing whatever about
bees, asked advice oJ my "box hive neighbors" and
as a consequence lost one of my old swarms by moths
and let one swarm leave after they had settled nicely
;«nd waited two or three hours for me to hive them.
My neighbors had told me they would never leave till
middle of the afternoon, so I'was taking more time
fixing a box hive nice, ihan was really necessary I
suppose and they leit. Thought 1 was paying pretty
•dearly for experience. 1 have began to "read up" a
little. 1 still have two swarms to start this spring
with and my hives ready, and they are no box hives
either. B. Robison.

Schell City, Mo., April 20th, 1877.

Hive your swarms just as soon as they get
clustered, and if you start them running into
the hive before they are all clustered, it will be
all the belter. It is rather poor economy to
raise bees and then have them "cut sticks" for
the woods.

Tlie last of the 5 swarms of bees you sent me, came
to liaiid yesterday. Tliis morning, I removed the
sticks lliat w\ re between the frames. They h'lve all
appeared to be good strong ones, and arc entirely sat-
isfactory. The first were very busy yesterday and
the <):'.: b(d'ore in carrving in pollen.

.J. T. AULLS, St. Clair, Mich., April 24th, 1877.

I have a colony of bees that are queenless, ifound
the tpieen dead in front of the hive a few davs ago) is
there any help lor it ? I suppose 1 can not get a queeu
this time of year. E. H. Kin von.

Quincy, Mich., April 30th, 1877.

We think if you take a look inside of the
hive that you will find they have a good queen,
and they have only dragged out the old queen
after her death. This is the way in which
they are usually replaced, and the two have
probably been in the hive all winter. It is a
very unusual ihing for bees to become queen-
less under such circumstances, for as soon as
their queen shows signs of failing — the bees
discover any such symptom long before you
will — they promptly set about rearing another.

The bees shipped on the 23d, I received on the 28th.
in good order. I think there were not more than 100
dead bees in each hive; the packing was excellent,
one hive is a little stronger than the others, but I am
satisfied with both. Is not that pretty well for ship-
jiing over to Canada ? Robert Smith.

Durham, Bentruck, Ont., Canada, Apr. 30th, 1877.

artificial swarming.

I have 7 hives of black bees which I want to increase
more than is usual in this climate (that is lto3).
Now, as I have two story hives with 8 frames above
and as many below, couUl I not take one frame con-
taining brood ana one of honey from each hive put
then/ into an eighth hive, ard replace these with
frames containing comb foundation ? To the new
hive 1 shall also give two frames ol fdn. and an Ital-
ian queen. Our se.isons are very long here and not
f-ufficienll} cold to injure vegetation until December.
I propose to go through the hives hs above, once a
month. " W. A. Robertson.

New Orleans, La., May 8th, 1877.

Your plan will work nicely, but so much
manipulation is considered rather too much
trouble with a large apiary. We once in-
creased 11 colonies to 48, in just that way and
wintered them all, and did not have fdn. to
help the matter along either.

You say artificial swarming is simply taking frames
ol brood and bees from hives and making a colony of
them. Now with me it is not so simple a thing to do.
We have to be very careful not to get the queen, and
to look each comb over carefully to find her and ar-
range the whole takes me about half an hour. 8ome
who have tried druinming out swarms say it don't
pay. Now the way I intend to try. is to change the
full hive for an empty one taking the frames out and
brushing the bees into the new hive, queen and all,
leaving only a few bees in the old hive and giving it a
fertile queen if 1 can get some extra ones raired by
that time. If my plan is wrong say so, and please
suggest a better one as swarming is the next thing in
order. We prefer natural swarming to anjthii g else
but don't like four or five swarms in one.

Bees in fine condition ; lost 7 out of 43 packed in
chaff. Is three inch space enough for double wall
chaff hive ? K. M. Bakbour.

Alamo, Mich., May 6th, 1S77.

Your plan is a very good one with the ex-
ception of shaking off the bees ; that part of it
is just what you must not do, or you will have
the larva; dying of starvation, if not by getting
chilled. If you give them a laying queen, they
will get along very well by simply carrying
the hive away, as we direct in the ABC book.
Three inches of chaff might do if it was out
all around them, but we should prefer from
four to six inches.

164

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June

How is it that my best Italian hive of beautiful yel-
low bees are bringing out al3 black drones?

We think if you look closely, yoa will find
they are not Uaek ; the color of drones varies
greatly.

Must drones always be visible before making arti-
ficial swarms?
Must be visible when queens are 10 days old.

How should queens be kept after hatching if not
wanted for a week or two ?

E. NoTLEK, New Orleans, La.

It is a very easy matter to keep them caged
in a hive, but it is a very hard matter to get
them introduced (if unfertile) by any plan we
know of after they are a day or two old.

BK8EKTING THEIR HITE IW THE SPKINO.

1 have 90 stands ot bees ; but they have become
"communists," it seems. Since I set them out aearly all
the bees from about half the hives have left and gone
in with the rest, in some cases leaving only two or
three dozen bees with the queen. 1 am trying to per-
suade them of the folly of such nonsense, but they
don't boar to reason "worth a cent." 1 have the
plain box hive with movable comb frames. I like the
looks of your Simplicity "in a book."

C. W. HiNMAN, Clear Lake, Wis., Apr. 2l8t. '77.

1 took 185 swarms of bees from the cellar to-day.
Generally in good condition. Lost three.

L, U. Root, Mohawk, N. T., April 25th, 1877.

The L. frame is usually called for, in hives and nu-
clei. The call lor bees has keen very great this spring.
I could not fill the orders owing to my great loss of
bees by the cider mills last fall. My experience with
New Idea hives is this : I can breed the most bees
in them but can not get the amount of honey accord-
ing to strength of colony. I prefer a two story hive,
because 1 can get more honey. I never could get any
comb honey on account of bees carrying pollen in the
surplus sections or frames. They are splendid to win-
ter in; I lost none in wintering in them lor three
years. J. M. O. Taylor.

Lewistown, Md.. May 4th, 1877.

The comb fdn. by mail reached me in splendid con-
dition. Am much pleased with it, and have no doubt
the bees also will be. Am glad you sent ic whole, it
was no trouble to cut it iip to siiit myself.

ALFRED McMains, Chariton, Iowa, May 10, 1877.

Can't you induce Southern bee-keepers to contribute
more to your columns? There is a great deal of space
devoted to wintering that is of no interest to Southern
bee-keepers. 1 think the prevention of swarming in
the South, is '>f as much importance as successful
wintering in the North.

PREVENTION OF SWARMING.

This spring 1 have tried everything I ever heard of
to j)revent swarming and all have failed. 1 have ta-
ken all their combs away except one of brood and one
of honey, and they would ssvarm in 4 or 5 days after.
One hive swarmed 4 times in the month of April. 1
have moved some to a new stand when the second
swarm came, and they would swarm the third time.
I now move the old stand to a new location, when the
first swarm comes, and place ihe swarm on the old
stand giving it all the comb but one frame and so far
have prevented a second swarm.

VERY THICK HONEY AND HONEY GATES.

I want to quarrel a little about the extractor I bo't
of you in 1875. Over half my time is lost while ex-
tracting, waiting for the honey to get out of the way.
I can not extract two well filled combs without stop-
ping. With the number of hives that I have now it
will be out of the question to do my extracting with it.
It cost me $12,75 cost and carriage. Can there be a
larger gate put in ? I think it strange you sent out so
many before finding out that your gates were too
small. Perhaps our honey is thicker than yours. I
never extract, uncapped honey.

How do you keep the point of knife from sinking
into the combs ? I find it a difficult matter to use it ;
if the heel and point rest on bottom and top bar the
middle of the knife sinks into the comb.

T. W. Johnson, Verona, Miss., May 10th, 1877.

We can use but a small part of the corres-
pondence sent us, and we have endeavored to

have our friends all represented as far as pos-
sible.

After you have given them plenty of room
by extracting the honey, or given them sec-
tions, if they then persist in swarming, we
should say let them swarm, and prepare youi'-
self to sell bees as well as honey. The plans
you mention of moving the hives are perhaps
the best for preventing after swarming.

We are astonished that you should have
wasted very much time friend J., with a gate
that was too small. Why did you not cut a
hole through the bottom of your can and set
the extractor over a tub or similar receptacle?
It is true that would be a rather desperate
remedy, but it would be better than wasting
time in waiting for honey to run out. If you
have a tinner who can put in a large gate, we
will send you one without charge, and pay ex-
pense of putting it in. We used but a very
few of the small gates before we discovered
the mistake.

We do not find any such trouble with our
knives as you mention, yet as there are those
who prefer a curved or bent point, we now
keep both kinds on hand. As it is an extra
task to finish the latter, the price is $1,15 r,
sent free by mail.

The extractor is just the thing— getting plenty of
honey for the table and some to spare. The sectioa
boxes witli fdn. you sent me are being filied out beau-
tifully. R. THOMSON.

Terry, Miss., April 24tb, 1877.

CHAFF PACKING.

My bees have wintered splendidlv. I packed in
chaff, in dry goods boxes, f first took the box and
cut an opening In one end, the size of the front end of
the hive, then hinged on the piece making a drop
door. I then set the hive in the box. with the front
end to the opening, put a quilt over the frames, put
on the cap, and packed chaff 4 to 6 Inches thick
around the sides and on the top. In extreme cold
weather, I would drop the door in front, closing them
in entirelv from the cold. When warm enough for
them to fly, I h,td only to raise the drop door, and
they were just the same as on their summer stands.
I have them still packed in the chaff, and the heat m
the hive is so great that it warms entirely through the
end pieces of the hive. I shall hereafter winter my
bees packed in chaff.

J. Mattoon, Atwater, O., May 14th, 1877.

The above letter sounds cheerful, compared
with the one we got from friend M. just two
years ago. Just read it.

Please don't send me more than one Italian queen,
until you hear from me again. Have lost 12 coloniesv
out of 13, but shall buy some more if I can.

James Mattoon, Atwater, O., May 5th, '75.

The reports from the chaff" packing, seem all
alike from all sections of our country, and it
really does seem as if an effectual remedy
against the wintering troubles is in our hands,
simple though it is^

CHAFF AGAIN.

I can give good testimony in fav^-r of chaff packing.
I packed two Italian stocks in a dry goods box and
they are very populous, sending out the strong cur-
rent of warm air that you speak of. I lookeii at them
Friday last and found brood in all stages .-ind in everjf
comb, and so many young bees and old that there
scarcely seemed room for the hatching brood, while
others that wore not csvred for, are not half as strong.
Shall pa(;k all next winter if providence permits. I
believe I can winter without loss. I think the main
secret of my success with chaff consisted in unpaci-
ing in warm days in winter and allowing the chaff to
dry, thereby preventing dampness. A neighbor who
iliil not use ihia precaution had less success than with
no protection whatever. Yours for chaff,

Le Roy, N. Y., May 8, 1877. W. C. Gillette.

1877.

GLE.V^INGS IN" BEE CULTURE.

165

lur %cim'

*' Witli malice toward none and charity for all."

—Litiroln.

tjOWARD the close of our revival meet-
ings, rumors reached us of the great tem-
— ■ perance work that was beiug done by the
bands of Murphy workers all over the state,
and even in adjoining towns. As saloons
were rather on the increase in our town, it was
suggested that we send for some of these work-
ers to come in our midst, and sliow us how we
too raigtt do something in this work that was
doing such wonders tor the cause of temper-
ance. In answer to a telegram, four young
men came, and to our surprise did nothing
more than to read a chapter in the Bible, fol-
lowed by a brief prayer, and then exhort every-
body to com*' forward and attach their names
to this Murphy pledge, which I will give be-
low just as they brought it to us.

YOUNG MEN'S TEMPERANCE UNION.

" WITH MALICE lOWAED NONE AND CHAHITY FOE ALL."

/, the tindersigned, do Pledge my word and honor,

GOD HELPING ME !
to abstain from all Intoxicating Liquors as a bev-
erage, and that I will, by all honorable means, en-
tourage others to abstain.
Francis Murphy

During the meetings, hymns from the Moody
and Sankey collection were frequently sung,
and short speeches were made by anyone of
the congregation who felt disposed, or by
those who had recently taken the Pledge.
These friends told us the work was emphatic-
ally a work of the people, and that no talented
oratory was needed ; in fact that the most
powerful aids we could have, were short
speeches from our own townsmen, who had re
formed, and whose changed lives, in them-
selves, spoke whole volumes in favor of the
work. At our very first meeting, the first
name that was put down, was that of one who
had been one of the most hopeless in our vil-
lage and his example was so contagious, that
very soon the columns swelled to hundreds,
numbering very many who were moderate,
some that were hard, with the multitudes who
were not drinkers at all. It really did seem as
if some potent charm were embodied in that
mild and simple little Pledge, for with a har-
mony of feeling that heretofore had been al-
most unknown among us, people of all grades
and classes joined hands in the work, and
with every boy that came forward, no matter
v;hether from the lowest and most unnoticed
walks in life, no matter how disgraceful had
been his past conduct, kind and cheering
words and cordial handshaking were the new
order of the day, and it was no wonder at all,
that all the good that was in everybody,
seemed bound to let itself out, and to shine on
community around.

Of course we had to carry the glad tidings
to the mission Sunday school, and a lot of our
Medina boys who would at other times have
been as ready to face a loaded cannon almost,
as to think of standing up before an audience

and talking in favor of temperance, went out
to engage in the work, and were rewarded at
the very outset by getting the names of one of
the saloon keepers in the place. This man,
has had the delirium tremens several times,
and was in a state of intoxication when he de-
sired his name put on the Pledge, yet strange
to tell, he appealed most feelingly to those
present, to help him keep his Pledge, to come
forward and sign it and help hold him up in
his good resolutions. He also spoke of his
good old mother whom he had grieved so often,
and of the joy and pleasure it would afi"ord her
to hear of the step he had taken. The man
has so far as we know never taken a drop
s-ince, has taken a farm, and bids fair to prove
an honest and industrious man. Our boys
were so elated at their success, and so thrilled
with that peculiar joy that I believe always
attends mission work, that they were enthusi-
astic in their determination to visit every
town and school house in our country. Their
own feelings had been touched, and their
hearts softened to such a degree that they
talked of their past misdeeds, and formed res-
olutions for better things in a way that really
brought the tears to my own eyes. Most fer-
vently I prayed that nothing might mar or
turn them away from this good cause, and
that they might really go on as they started.

Several weeks have passed, and the work
has gone forward and prospered. More than
a thousand have signed the Pledge, and many
of them are working now more earnestly in
the cause of temperance, than they did a few
days ago for the cau.se of intemperance. Their
faces have brightened up, they look resolute
and cheerful, and are clothed and in their right
minds, they are sitting at the feet of Jesus —
as I do verily believe, although they may not
be willing to acknowledge the source from
which this new life comes just yet — teachable,
and being taught daily.

My friends, if the Murphy Pledge has not
been already circulated in your midst, you can
if you wish set about it at once, with no other
help than what you may get among yourselves
and the simple directions we give you here.

Have some Murphy cards printed as we
have given them, and you are ready to call a
meeting. Go to all the ministers in the place,
or in the neighborhood round about, get their
hearty co-operatiou, and if you have yourself,
any spite or unkind feeling toward anyone, no
matter by what name you call it, get that en-
tirely out of the way. Perhaps the first thing
for you to do will be to fall on your knees iu
your closet and ask God to help you see your
faults, in such a way that you can extend a
kind and friendly hand to every individual
you meet, without any exception. No excuses ;
there is no combination ol circumstances that
need stand in the way of your doing your duty,
no matter what others ma}' do. " Malice
toward none and charity for all," is to be your
watchword, and beware how you forget w'hat
those simple lines mean. Appoint a meeting,
have it announced in the churches, and take
every possible means to get everybody to come
you can, consistent with this same spirit of
kindness. Have plenty of singing, selecting
such stirring pieces as " Hold the Fort," 'Res-
cue the Perishing," and the like, and get every-

166

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June

body to singing if possible. No matter vvlieth-
er they sing well or not, get everyone to help.
Always open the meetiug with a prayer for
divine blessing, and a chapter from the Bible.
The chapter mentioned last month — Luke vi —
seems to answer excellently. Now have an-
other song, and while they are singing, invite
everyone present to come up and put down
their names. If 3'our audience is large, you
will need two tables or stands for your paper,
ink and Pledges, and a couple of secretaries
should be appointed who will hand the signers
the pens, take care of and count the nam:'s,
and write them for young or old people who
find it inconvenient to write themselves. These
secretaries are in importance next to the
chairman of the meeting, and can by their
timely hints and remarks, help the mati,er
along amazingly if so disposed. While the
people are signing, call on those who have
signed, to say a word, especially those who I
have been intemperate, for if you can once get
them to exhorting and encouraging the rest to
come along, you Will hnd they are becoming
stronger and stronger every day. Incidents
and anecdotes will come up to make the meet-
ings lively and entertaining, more so than you
can possibly have any idea of until you have
tried it, and you will find in your next door
neighbor's house those who have a talent for
public speaking — possibly in your own liouse
also — such as you never dreamed of. Should
you send awiy for some great speaker, the
eflfeet would very likely a great part of it pass
away with him on his departure, but if the
work is done by your own townsmen, they will
be on hand to follow up the effect of their
teachings and to live it as well as talk it.

There will be those in every community who
will object and find fault, but you will need
that same broad charity for them, and a dis-
position to disarm them by taking them just
as kindly by the hand if they do not sign, as
if they did, and to try and live out the idea of
heaping coals of fire on the heads of those who
are disposed to hinder even such a thing as a
temperance movement. If some one says he
objects to signing any paper, or cutting off his
liberty in any way, you can cite to him the
time when George Washington signed the
Declaration of Independence, or to the time
when he received a deed of his farm, etc. Nev-
er argue, but talk kindly and pleasantly, and
you will be astonished at the way in which
ev^en stubborn people may be induced to dis-
play good and excellent qualities.

When you get the ball rolling near home,
start out into the country, and every Sabbath,
manage to have one or more good Sabbath
schools somewhere, getting the young men
who have just signed to go with you and help;
you have no idea how pleasant these meetings
may be made.

It will bo quite proper Sabbath evening, to
have several communities join, and have a
large meeting, in the largest church — if anyone
objects, it will probably be because you have
not followed the true spirit of- the Murphy
movement, which is above all things, a relig-
ious one.

This Murphy, as j'ou may have read, was a
poor drunken fellow, who was rescued from
the gutter by a good Samaritan, and who

when thoroughly converted, felt that he could
in no way show his gratitude so well, as by
trying to rescue those who were low down,
discouraged, and hopeless, as he had been.
For a long time, he labored apparently almost
in vain, but bye and bye, he got a few to join
him, and then the work went on The Mur-
phy club with their blue ribbon badges, were
soon known all through the city of Pittsburgh',
and soon we hear of a prominent saloon keep-
er telling his clerks that the first one of them
who sold a drop of liquor to one of the Murphy
men would be discharged instantly. After
awhile the saloons began to find their trade so
dull, that bankruptcy stared them in the face,
and soon a large number of them threw up the
business, signed the Murphy Pledge, and look
to something better for a living. The most
glorious of it all, was that they did it all
pleasantly, without an unkind word being
utttered to anyone, and very soon we heard of
Murphy's baud of 60,000 reformed drinkers,
who marched the streets of their city pro-
claiming the glad news of -rescue and salva-
tion to those who were held in a bondage
more fearful and tyrauical, than perhaps ever
held the poor negro in the days of old. "God
helping me, I will be free," and free they were
in every sense of the word, for hundreds testi-
fied that the old appetite was taken away
entirely, when they on bended knee, asked the
Saviour to take away that tormenting thirst,
they feared so much. This miraculous taking
away of the appetite, seems to come oftenest,
when the suffering one goes earnestly into the
work of saving others ; and dear readers do
you not believe after all, that we are more like
a hive of bees than has ever been supposed,
inasmuch as we can not really e.xist and enjoy
life unless we to a certain extent all work to-
gether, for the common good of all humanity.

Is this talk a good ways off from bee cul-
ture? I do not feel that it is so very far.
Some of the brightest writers we have ever
had in our Journals, have had their intellects
clouded and dimmed by this very — -shall I say
misfortune V— and are perhaps even now, ready
to take up a new life, if they could have the
very encouragement that the world is now ex-
tending to thousands of others. Hovv is it my
friends? Shall we not at least make the ef-
fort? We can at least pray for them, and we
can ask that our own hearts may be brought
into the proper spirit, that our effort may be
blessed when the time to act comes, and we
can meanwhile keep working for those around
us, and thereby help this great work along, of
stripping intemperance from our land as if it
were an old garment that had been worn far
too long already. May God be with and guide
and help us.

In regard to this department: Many kind
letters have been received with warm words of
approval of Gle.\nings, but more for this de-
partment than for all the rest of the paper —
far more. At the same time, I have during the
past month, had three protesting against it.
In answer to these three, I would say, the
Bible has been the means in our town of turn-
ing men, women and children, from bad and
evil ways, to such an extent during the past
few weeks, that oar worst sceptic — a smart

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUllE.

107

Jawyer — said that auy man must be au idiot,
who would not say "God speed the work." I
have good reason to feel that you all have seen
Bimilar work, where the real spirit of Christi-
anity was at work. If Spiritualism, scepti-
cism, infidelity or anything else should pro-
<luce such au eflect upon its followers., it might
.seem that there was a Divine hand in it, and
we should thea see bad, dishonest men pre-
tending they believed in such tilings for the
purpose of making a cloak of theia. Where
snen go into the business of counterfeiting,
they usually try to make dollars, not copper
ccuts, and Spiritualism has borne sucli fruit in
our vicinity that one would be crazy indeed,
who would pretend belief in it from selfish
motives. Those who take the Bible for their
ijuide in true sincerity, always begin straiglit-
way to show its divinity by their lives and
actions. Do not take ray word for it, but look
about you, and "when you perceive the fruit it
is bearing, oh, ray friends, do beware how you
(.Irop a single word, even in jest, that may dis-
courage any one who may be just thinking of
n better life. I know full well, of the dillicul-
ties that are to be met in trying to reconcile
all that we find in the Bible, but, ray friends,
are there not also diJliculties elsewhere that ice I
are unable to reconcile ? If we see swearing, j
^ghting, and drinking men made better, do we j
not feel like letting the difiiculties drop, and |
joining in and helping the best we know howV
To be sure we do, for we feel it is God's work,
no matter what be the sect or creed it comes

DEPOSITORY OF

Or JLctters iroiu Tliosc AViio Mave Made
Mee Culture a. Failure. j

ipS^ HE last has been a hard winter for bees iu this
■j"}'"' county. One man lost 40 out of 50 stands ; oth-
^=i ers irora one iourtli to one-half the number they
haa last fall. As a (lencral Ihinp i.iiey left from one-
Sbiirth to one-third of their honey in the liive. The
bees commenced to die in the earlj'part of winter and
by spring some hives had lost all, others had a few
lit'cs left but not enough to start up with again. The
cause is not known. J. V.vn Liew.

Light Street, (Columbia Co., Pa., May Sth, "77.

I was glad you did not scud the extractor, as I have lost
all -nay bees but G stocks and they are iu box hives. Have
;il ways had good success iu wintering ou summer stands
liutil last winter, lly bees in the Union frame hives died
before those in the box hives. My best stocks froze first,
riiid if the weather continues as cold as it now is I !>hall
liave to report blasted hopes. I don't think. I could raise
a very laige club as everyone is so disoourageJ. Nearly
all the bees are dead in this section. One friend that has
t wo swarms left, said he thought he would take Glean-
IKGS as he had got to have souicthing to help him.

A. i. Chiss, Potter Centre, X. Y., May 10th, '77.

comb and some with honey and expect to recover our
losses this year and have a little surplus to cover ex-
penses. CnAS. W. Laffeetv.
JiartJnsville. Ills., May 14th, 1877.

Beg pardon friend L., but you see we must
have something for "Blasted Hopes," and your
letter was the nearest it of any we could llnd.
We are very glad to hear you are not discour-
aged. Will some of those who have made real
genuine failures, please speak out 'i

Well, we have certainly hit the nail on the
head thift time auy way, for our next friend
has had his hopes blasted or our name isn't
Novice. Listen :

My report for this spring is not as encouraging as some,
yet it might be worse. Last fall I packed 1() good stocks
ou their summer stands with six inches of chaff; all iu
good orJer with i)lenty of sealed stores, but my yard is on
the isorth side of a hill with no wind break and' the long
cold winter did it for them. They took the dysentery,
s')otted their hives up terribly and'then were attacked by
the spring lizzie, and one after another fizzled until I now
have but one hive left, and that has not over a jiint of
btcs in it, but the queen is doing her share toward build-
ing up. depositing two eggs in a cell. All the r&st of my
pets have gone where the woodbine twineth, but thank
fortune they left me their hives, also a line lot of comb,
and if providence }>ermits, and the water don't raise you
will hear from me again. Wait until I get my 8 feet board
fence around my yard. By the way, would you advise
me to arrange my one lone hive in a hexagonal or an oc-
tagonal form V

Now I .suppose you will put me in the column of
"Bl;isted Hopes," but we will lay it to the blasted cold
weather and remember all of our expensive lessons.

W. Rt-'GEE, Binghampton, N. Y., May IGth, 1S77.

As sure as you are alive, here is another un-
favorable report of chafl". Guess your apiary
will be on the "monogonal" plan, friend R.

I moved ray bees over 100 miles and lost them ail, but
am going to get some more. JHy liojjes are not '"blasted"
but I lost my bees.

J. J. McWnoETER, Polo, Mich., Jlay l-ftb, 1877.

Why friend M., you are as bad as the soldiers
that didn't know when they tcere whipped, but
kept right on lighting. If you do not belong
here, we shall really be in despair.

BLiASTED HOPES.

FKlIiND nOI.IN'S REMKOV.

I

I w.-is surprised to find my letter under "Blasted
Hopes"' and "those who have made biiO culture a fail-
luv." It is true we lost very heavily, but our "hopes"
are not all ''blasted" yet. Although we made almost an
entire failure in wintering we got .'>.S75 lbs. of honey last
.ve.'ir. To take the ^ix years before into consideration we
think we have not "made bee culture a failure." EsjKic-
lally whin you consider the fact that we commenced with
six hives, and have sold about fO colonies in the time, and
over 8000 lbs. of honey. We have at present 70 stands, SO
of them m box hives which wo intend to transfer soon.
They are divided into seven lots, and situated in different
parts of the country, which gives us a chance to test dif-
ferent localities. We ha\'c o\er a hundred hives full of

fi HOPi: Mr. Fletcher will not "give up the ship"
and abandon bee culture in disgust, as I think it
can be made to pay in spite of all the drawbacks
he enumerates. It is" true it requires considerable,
care to insure success; and pray v/hat bnsintss does
not require that if we would succeed in it 'i

Now as to the poor seasons; good strong stocks arc
a sure remedy for them, for 1 never knew a swarm so
poor that a really strong stock of Italians would not
get enough to winter on and a fair amount of burplus
for theirowner. They will store honey when medium
and weak stocks will starve. Long cold winters— a
good warm depository, either house or cellar will
guard our bees against them. Backward springs-
strong stocks i)roperly wintered are proof against
them, let them be ever so backward. It would have
been a strange spring imlced that would have injureil
a great many of my stocks this spring, with the hivts
running over with'young bees.

Low prices lor honey ; keep our bees strong and get
plentv of honey, then we can afi'ord to take a low
liricefor it and "thus put it within reach of the labor-
ing classes. \'ery poor business to depend on for a
living: now I liave wheat growing that will in all
probability, judging from present appearances yield
from 3u to" 4iJ or even more bushels i)er acre, and 1
have Bwarnis in mv yard that will proliably yield mc
as much clear profit 'as an acre of that wheat, yet
who says farming don't pav.

I have been trying bee culture for a number of
years and think with Mr. Uoolittle, it pays, ailhough
many of mv neighbors who keep them on the brim-
stone plan" think (iiiVercntly ; in fact a great many
vho kept fires rears ago have given it up.

James Bomv, West Lcdi, O., May Utb. 1^77.

168

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

June

WHAT \¥K HAVE ACCOIMPCISHED

WURir^iG THE MONTH, IN THE

^VAY OF NEW^ INVENTIONS.

GAUGING ACCURATELY THE SIZE OF HIVES.

/^?^UR iron Rawge frames have proved an excellent
m m thing, but we very soon discovered that our black-
^^^ smith could not make the frames all exactly alike.
This was rather a serious matter, for wo have been send-
ins them to all jjarts of the U. S., and if we want all the
hives to match, no matter by whom made, or where, it
was a matter of the greatest im(iortance to have them ex-
act. We finally liad a cast iron form or anvil made, just
16 by 20,V, very exactly squiire and Vrue, and now our iron
frames are driven on this while hot, then cooled that they
may shrink close to the anvil, like putting; on a wiitjon
tire. This brings them to a hair's breadth, and we have
ceased to feel any more solicitude in regard to exact di-
mensions of hives. Be sure that your stuff is planed to
^3 exactly, and you can then buy and sell bees as much
!is i ou like and all frames and hives that are made in these
iron gauge frames will be interchnngeable.

FASTENING FDN. INTO FRAMES.

Slip out the comb guide and lay it on the table; then
with a putty knife or something .similar "'butter" the edge
of the fdn. down closely to the dry wood, keeping your
knife moistened with honey, but being careful to get none
on the wood where you wi>h the wax .to adhere. When
done, slip the comb guide back into the frame. We are
indebted to friend Baldridge of the A.B.J, for the above.
Xow, our improvement we can illustrate by asking you to
let the leaf of youi' dining table part way down, and Ihni
slip the comb guide and edge of the sheet of fdn. into the
crack aloiiK the hhige. lliiso tlie leaf just fir enough,
but not so as to injure the table, and your wax is as (irmly
fastened to the wood as if melted there. Of course you
are to moisten the edges of the table with honey, to jire-
vent the wax adhering to it. Now with a very simple
wooden press you can fasten in the sheets of fdn. as rap-
idly as an assistant can hang them in the hives, without
taking the comb guides out at all. The plunger, which is
to bo kept moistened with honey, should be operated by
foot power.

FDN. AND BKOOD EEAHING.

The idea that the queen will not use the fdn. has become
H pretty big joke. Our corahs that were made from it
list season, are now tilled with brood from end to end,
and from top to bottom bars, and the queens seem to have
a i9a>-/«cutor fancy for them all through the apiary. It
?.5 true th it the fan. mjide I'-j cells to the inch occasion-
ally cont.iins drones, and this is occasioned by the sheets
stretching s]i4:htly. There is considerable dilTerence in
the firmness of natural wax, and also in its liability to
stretch, and on this account we prefer to have the lower
edare of the sheet at least % inch from the bottom bar ;
iinl'ss we do, it will sometimes reach the bottom bar and
then bulge. With 5 cells to the inch, we never have any
drone comb, and we h;ivo foimd the queen tilling the sheet
with eggs in less than •1\ liours. Although we opened the
hive several times a day to exhibit the work to visitors,
we invariably found her sticking to her task, until the
frame was full. On the third day we found a new queen
cell containmg an egg, all built of the vvnx jint into the
fdn., as was plainly evident from the different color of
their own wax.

Reports of •limilar successes of the fdn., for the brood
apartment, are coming in from all sides, and we are send-
ing out sheets by the thousand, cut expressly for brood
frames. They contain so much more brood than the nat-
ural combs, that it is going to be quite an object to dis-
pose of the latter, even at low prices. On tnis account
bees will bo sold lower this season perhaps than they
were ever before. Comb honey will likely be sold 1 )W al-
K), and we advise our readers to accept of a fair offer for
their honey as soon as it is otT the hives. Wax bids ftiir
lo run up rapidly, and it will be well to save carefully
every particle from the frames, hives, bottom boards, etc.

MAKIN<J TUE FOUNDATION.

Until within the past week, all fdn. has been rolled by
the aid of soap and water, to prevent adhesion of the wtix
to the rolls. We now dispense with soap entirely, and
use a thick j ^1ly of slippery elm and water. The discov-
ery was made by one of the irirls who work the machines.
While this works nicely on the rolls, it will not answer for
soaping the uiptir edges of the dipping plates; for this
wn \ifiO so(ij> biirk. to be had of the drns;-j:ists, whii-h
leaves nothing on the wax that cmu 1)c iletecled by either
si'.'ht or taste. The bark is simply broken into bits and
thrown into water, until the water becomes sullicicntly
soapy. The fdn. needs no washing, after it leaves the
rolls. Tlie sliopery elm we use plentifully, but the soap
)ijir< s-olution is rubbed on quite sp:trinitty with a bit of
cloth.

OBITUARY.

Dr. E. Kimpton of Cedar Creek, N. J., whom most oX
our readers are familiar with as a pleasant writer for our
journals, died suddenly May 13th. One of his neighbors
writes as follows :

We as a community deeply mourn his loss, for all had
learned to love and esteem him both as a man and a ])hy-
sician. His Christianity was of the highest order, and
his death a ijeaceful, happy one. His disease was con-
sumption, and as he anxiously awaited the end, no mur-
mur escaped his lips. He was a m.an without an enemy.
A friend of Gleanings, his face would light up with
smiles when the new number was brought info the room.
F. M. Peeler, Forked River. N. J., May *2'2.

ITALIA

Full colonies $10,00 each ; tested queens S3,00 ; war-
ranted queens §2,00 ; not warranted $1,00. Queens bred
from imported mothers and selected home bred stock.
Sent by mail at ray risk. Swarms shipped in Langstroth
hive and one frame of comb $7,00. Langstroth hives sin-
gle one $i,00. Lots of 5 to 10 at Si, 50 each— cap 7 inches,
one coat of paint, no portico.

T. G. McGAW, ]\Ionmouth,
6-9d Lock Box 61. Warren Co., HI.

Italian Queens. 1277,

Italian queens, warranted as {?ood in every respect
as tested ttiieens, 01,10 each. Safe arrival guaranteed
by mail. H. ALLEY,

6 Wenham, Essex Co., Mass.

In the Standard Langstroth frame at 25 cents each.
My former partners having quit the bee business, we
have a quantity of good combs at above prjce.
4tfd Address F. T. NUNN, Peru, Huron Co., Ohio.

At a Cost of less than O!
CEi^'JT per week.

E

ik.

h 1 1 k^uMi l Our kmm Farmer.

A Plain Practical .lournal. devoted to the Farming.
Gardening and Household interests. Tells when and
ho* to plant. Hints for each month. Domestic Econo-
my, illustrations, etc. Only 50 Cents per year. Sam-
ple copies on receipt of stam)).

Address N. J. AG'L'ST & OUR AM. FARMER,
3-7 20 Cortlandt St., N. Y.

Warranted Pure Beeswax.

C_ O- ^>EI?,E.I3SrE3 CHICAGO.
Send for Circular. 0 8d

Yon cannot look over the back No's of Glkanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, tinloss tlicy
.are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
•'Dear me what a bother— I vuixt have last
month's Journal iind it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comcf
and you can sit down hajipy, any time you wish to timl
any thing you may have pr'evioiislj' scon even though
it were months ago.

Binders lor GlE-ANIJ^OS (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for 50, (10, and 75c, ac-
cording to (|iiality. For table of prices of Binders for
anv Periodical, "see Oct. No., Vol. 2. .Send in your
orders. A. 1. iiOOT, MeAina, O

\S77.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Uifl

THE

I3mtisli. Bee •Toui-nal,

Es a large, IteantiMilly printed, and profusely 411ns-
Cratc<l MOVTHLV; cTcartype and •fine heavv paper.

■ttis conducted by CilAULh'S NASII ABBOTT, Uan-
well, W., LondoR, England. Annual SNbscripWon,
Siall-a.jruinea.

We will send it w\th Gi-kanings and p«y all postage
far flM.

■ nPtiFlHEIVT/^ FOK BEE CIIff^TTlJKE AL-
PHABETIC Al> I. V AUKAAGEIK

Kor descniptiioiK of the various articles, sep our tenth
■edition eireuliir (totmd in April No., Vo!. V., or mail-
<h1 on applic'ilion.

This price Cist to b€ taken m place of those «f former
<late.

Mailalile a«"tic5es are deniirnabed in l!ie left l^and col-
cn.-.n of figures; tke Kgures giving tbe amomnt of jmsiage

Canada posta?;e on lUerchandise is limited to 8^
oz., and nothing can be sent (or less than KV*,.

BEES.

Bens, fiiilfl (olony awply provided for winter, in
our new two story, chaff hive (described Nov. iiiid
Deo'.No's .. '7S), t-ested<i-ueeH from imix^yrtetl mother,
safe arrival ffuaranteed. . (LawQ hive §1 more,^ . .§15 00

The same in a 1 story Simplicitv hive 13 (A)

'I'he same in old style L. hive with portico, etc VI CD

M'lw same ■with hybrid qtieeii W.dO

rVot provisioned for winter (hybrids in old kive) 7.00

For an imported queen in any of tl\e above, suld .^.I.OO
We think we can prepare bees for ship oitifr safely any
tuonth ill the year.; when we fail in so doing, we will give
'iue notice.

0 I Binder, Emerson's, for GlfamN'GS. 50, GO. 75

1 Bfiiances, spring, for suspei.dtd hive KX) lbs) 8,00

50 j Blocks, iron, for metal cor'fered frame making 15

One of the above is given free with every lOO frames, or
5 (« 0 c )n4ers.

I Barrels for honey, S2..t) ; waxed and painted f3,W

IJuy.x-saw. foot-power, comiJfete ; circul:ir with cuts free
on application. Two siiwsnnfl two g.iiigfs included. f35 (0
0 ] Buzz-saws, extra, (i in. 1.50; 7 in.. 1.75; f! inch.. 2 00
Ott I Buz7. saw mandrei and boxes complete for ti inch

I saws 5 00

1 The same for 7 and 8 inch saws (not mailable).. 8 Ot»

I Comb Foundation aiachtnes comptete $3Q to 100 00

<X) ij Chaff cwshions for winterins .^0

'2.'; I Chaff cushion division hoards. 20

Half price without the chalT, and postage 5 and t?c.
2(J I Candy for bees, can be fed at any season, per Ih. 17

20 j Corners, inetaL per hundred...'. 75

2.^ " " top otily 100

5.") I " ** liottom, per hundred ."lO

On 1,000 or more a-discountof 10 percent, will be made,
«nd on 10,000 25 jter cent. The latter will be given to
Shose who advertise metal cornered frames.

I Corners. Mnchinei"y complete f< r making i'X) 00

10 I Clasps for transfernne, pavka-A' of 100 25

<* I Cants, queen resristering, per doz 10

■2 f Cages -' all of metal 10

2 1 Cheese Holh, for strainers, i>er yard 10

12 I Duck, for fe!edinir,and covennir the frames — bees

I do not bite it — per yd. (29 inches wide) 20

I Extrcctors, aocording to size of frame $7 50 to 10 00
i " inside and gearing,inclndinghoneygate 5 00

I " wax ; ^... a 50

7 1 Feeders. 1 q't. tin. can be used without o)>en-
I ing the hive, in warm weather— neat and

1 simple 10

t't I The same. (> qts, lo be used in upper story... .'iO

4 I Frames with Metal Corners 05

•*> " " Sample Rabbet and Clatps 10

10 I " dosed end (Juinby, nailed ...... 0,")

is j Galvanized iron wire for grapevine trelli.ses

I r«r Ih. (abont H)0 feetl 20

0 I Gi.KANiNGS, Vol's 1 and 11, each 75c., Vol IV 1 00

« I " Vol. Ill, second-banded 2 00

TiQ I Gearing for Extractor with supporting arm.. 1 f>(i
-t) I Gates for Extractors tinned for soldering... .'iu

SIMPLICITY BGE-niVE.

V )ne i)ody and 1 co-s-er in the flat, as sample to work

from— one sample frame inclndefl SO

One sloiy hive for extractor (body 50i^ — 2 covers
<'0c— nailing and painting 20c— quilt '25c— 10 frames
00c— crating l«c) 2 25

One story hive for comb honey is precisely the
same as the above, substituting 2 frames of se<"tions
for l metal cornered frames 2 25

The above 16 sections will be fitted with fdn., and
starters ready for the bees, for 15c, and the tin sepa-

rators added for lOc, making whole complete 2 5(t

The above two hives contain everything used in a 2
stor^- hive. We simply use another bodj' tilled with frames
or sections, for a 2 story hive.

F'or a i story hive for the extractor, add (to 1 story
2 25) body .We— wailing and painting Itic— 10 frames
(if^c— crating ^■ic, making comiilete 2 story containing
26 frames :! 50

For a 2 story hive for comb 1iotu?y add (to 1 story
2 25) b)dy .TOc- nailing and painting 10c — (i frames
of sections 78c— 1 metal cornered frame ■(Ic- crating
Gc, making complete 2 story containing 7 frames and
di .sections ;i 75

If tilled Willi fdn. starters OOc-if also tilled with tin
separators «t>c, making §4 75, if two latter items are
wauited.

An upper story filled with sections, fdn. stailers
and aR ready to be set over any L. hive ■. t2,75

To prepiire the above hives V^r winter, put in place of
the 2 outside frames cliaff cushiotis, price 20c each, »ik1
a thick one on top .'JOe.

Iron fiame to f;auge size of above hives, and to
hold them tine when nailing, size 20^x1(1 inside 75

CllAI-K HIVE I'OK OUT 1)0«I{ WINTEKING. 10

frames below, and 14 frames or K* section
boxes / Oove, well painted and tini.shed com-

I pletc (Lawn hive Si more.) 85 80

niesc hive , if sujjplied with stores, will, we hope,
nee4 no attention whatever, from the time honey
ceases until it comes again the next season.
0 I Knives. Horey (}4 doz. for§,^ 25.crl5 by Exix) 1 OO
I " ■■ curved point Si. 15.. per 'A doz 6 25

Labels for honey, in blue and gold, dirk bronze and
gold, or in white printeil in two colors, furnished
with yourown address, and .'«urce from which the
honey was gathered, already gummed, post jmid by
mail, (no oixler recM ft r less than 250). At these
low rates, the full number mentioned nifisf be or-
dered without the change of one sinirlo letter of the

type 1000. S;i.25; 500,82,40; 250, Sl,80

0 i Lithograph of the Hexagonal Apiary 2.i

I Lamp, Nursery for hatchingqueen cells as built 5 (X*
0 I Lai vae, lor queen rearing, from June to Sept. 25
1,"* i Jlicroscope, Compound, in Mahogany b,TX... 3 00
OJi'icpareil objects for above, such as bees'
wing, sting, eye. foot, etc.. each.

25

0 I Medley of^Bee-Keetiers' Photo's, (150 Photo's) 1 0(»

-. " - CO

100

02

0 I Magniiying Glass, Pocket

0| ■■ " Double lens, bras^.on.'J feet

7 I Muslin, Indian head, for <inilts and cushions

i per yard, pretty stout, tut not good as duck.

I Parallne, for waxing barrels, per pound

0 I Photo, of House Apiary and lmV>rovements. .

2 I Rabbets. Metal per foot

SECItON BOXES IN THE FLAT, PER 1,000.

Any dimensions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 00

The above is SOctibic inches; for l:irger sizes add 10c
per l.OtX) for each additional cubic inch or fraction of an
inch, outside measure. Extra prices for U ss than .500.

Just right to (it in L. frames, 2x4At x4Ai i) rM

85 I These are put up in packages {of 04 eacli) contain-
ing just enough for a 2 story hive. 8 to the frame.. (>(>

Sample by mail with fdn 5

If t'le grooving for holding the fdn. is omitted. 25c less
per 1 .009. Sections weigh from 7 to 10 lbs per 100.
10 I L. frame made 2 inches broad to hold 8 sections 5

25 I The same with 8 sections 13

25 I The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees 20

Adding tin separators to either of the above will in-
crease the price ."Vc. and the fiostage fie.

4 1 Section Iwxps, fancy, hearts, stars, crosses, etc. each 5

3 I Sheets of duck to keep the bees from- soiling

1 or eating the cushions 10

I Saliciflic acid, for foul brood, per oz ."lO

0 Scissors, for clipping queen's wings 40

18 I .Seed, Alsike Clover, raised nertr us, per lU... 25
18 1' " Summer Rape. Sow in June and July. 15

" Chinese Mustard, per oz 2.5

" Rlignonctte per lb. (20c. per oz.) 1 50

" Mellilot, or Sweet Clover, per lb 100

Silver Hull Buckwheat (peck bv express, 75c) 10
Smoker, (Juinby's (to Canr.da l.'c extra) ..
Doolittle's

2 i Tacks, Galv.-tnized

5 I Tins for fastening glass in section boxes, 1000.

.'? I Therm ometers

0 I Veils, Bee, with face of Brussels net, (silk)
0 I The same, all of tarletan (almost as good).
5 ] Wire Cloth, for Extractors, tinned, per foot

3 I " •' Queen Cages

Above is tinned. and meshes a. c 5 and 18 to the inch-
Si Painted wire cloth, 11 mesh to the inch 7

All goods delivered on board the cars at prices named.
BSi-Wc will p.ay $1.59 c.ish, for Vol. 111. A. I. ROOT.

1 50

10
25
40
7.^

15

12

170

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

.A^JD^VEI^TISEIvaiElSrTS.

Advertisements will be received at the rate of ten
cents per line, Nonpareil space, each insertion, cash
in advance: and we lecjiiirc that every Advertiser sat-
isfies ns of responsibility and inter.tion to do all that
he agrees, and that liis goods arc really worth the
price asked for them.

THK BEE-KEEPEKS' MA(>}AZ11VE, an illus-
trated monthly journal ol
:^i octavo pages, devoted
exclusively to bee-ciiltnre;
I'lited by Albert J. IvixG,
containing contribiitiona
/from Mrs. Ellen S. Tiipiier,
and experienced bee-keep-
ers in America and Eii-
ro))e. A large space is de-
voted to beginners, giving
ui5efnl information just
when it is most needed throughout the vear. Terms,
S1.50 per year. The Bec-Iveepcrs' Text- Book in Ger-
man or English, and tlie IJee-lveepers' Magazine one
year §1.70. A (U page pamphlet (price r^(k•) containing
a beautiful life-like Chromo of Honej^-Plauts
and Italia.!! Bees in their natural colors, with i>rize
of Mrs. Tupper, C^ueen rearing by M. Quinby, instruc-
tion for beginners, etc., sent free with the "Magazine,
on trial, 4 months for 50 cents. Agents wanted— cash
commission and permanent employment. Address

A. J. KING & CO., 61 Hudson St., N. Y.

Every Bee-keeper slioiild subscribe for it.

The American Bee Journal

Is the best scientilie and practical Journal of .\PICUL-
TURK in the world. The most successful and experienced
.\piariaiis in Europe, as well as America, contribute to its
pji^es. In fact, it is the oldest and largest Bee Paper in
the English language. %2. Per Annum. Send a Stamp
for a Sample Copy. Address THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
ti 181 Clark st., Chicago, 111.

A.verill Chemical Plaint.

THE O.V/.y RELIABLE.
THE MOST BE.VUTIFUL.
THE MOST ECONOMICAL.
THE MOST DURABLE.

Reqiiires no oil thinner or drier.
Requires no waste of time in mixing.
Has stood Pit/li/ i/i/irs^ cn'/iriums
With yearl)! incrcdncil popuUirity
And yearli/ incrciisi'd sales.
Is sold by the gallon only, in ])ackages ot'ivom 1 to
40 gallons each, in Purest White and any Color or
Tint desired.
.\dilress, for sample card of colors and price list,

jA.a^oi'111 Clioniioal Paint Co.,
Ollice and Factory V.Vl <t l.U East River Street,

CLEVELAND, OHIO. (J-li-'77

Names of responsible parties will be inserted ii>
either of the following departments, at a Hniform pricu
of 10c. each insertion, or 81.00 per year.

Names inserted in this dcijartinent the flrst time leith-
out vharr/e. AJter, lOc. each insertion, or $.l.{)Oper yeaf-

Those whose names appear below, agree to lurnisli
Italian Queens the coming season for SI. 00 each, under
the following conditions : No guarantee is to be as-
sumed of purity, safe delivery, or anything of the
kind, only that the tjneen l)e reared from a choice, puro
mother, ami hail commenced to lay when tbey were
shipped. They a)so agree to retnrn the money at any
time when customers become impatient of such delay
as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who .sends the best queens, put
up neatest and most securely, will probably re^reivc
the most orders. Special rates for warranted amJ
tested queens, furnished on ai)pliciition to any of the
parties. Names witli *, use an imported yueen moth-
er. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
"Richard Ferris, BellvJlle, Essex Co., N. J.
*C. C. VaugFian, Columbia, Tenn. 3-S

*Wm. W. Gary. Colerain, Franklin Co., Mn.ss. :',--Z

*0. W. Dean. River Styx, Medina Co., O. M

*J. Oatman & Co.. Dundee. 111. 1-12

*K. W. Hale, Wirt, C. H., West Va. H-c,

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fre<l. Co., Md. 1-r,

*Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, Ga. 1-1-

*Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis. 1-lJ

*Wm. J. Andrews, Columbia, Tenn. "i--

"Aaron .1. Weidner, liigler. Adams Co., Pa. t-i'

»J. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y. ."ill

Miss A. Davis, Hr)lt, Ingham Co., Mich. r)-4

D. A. Pike, Smithsburg. Wash. Co., Md. 5-fJ

*W. A. Kddy. Easton. Adams Co.. Wis. »J 11

.1. B. Dines, Llbcrtyville, St. Francois Co., Mo. <> 7
*T. G. McGaw, Monmouth, Warren Co., Ills. •'. H

*E. C. Blakeslee, Medina, Ohio. Otfd

*A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.
I will tell yon about our Albino queen next month.

We wliose names appear below agree to sell a good col-
ony of Italian bees with tested queen, in new one story
hive, for S10,00. If in an old hive, 51,00 less. Safe arri-
val guaranteed.

A. 1. Root, Medina, Ohio.

W. P. Irish, New Portage, Summit Co.. Ohio.

T. G. McGaw, Monmouth, Warren Co., Ills.

T. B. Parker, Gold>boro, N. C.

Ili^^o >Xaiiiifaotiirers.

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

M. S. West. Pontiac, Mich. 0<)

Geo. W. Simmons, Newark, Del. 11-

Isaac L. I'nrkor. McMinin ille. Warren Co., Tenn -i-i
Thos. l'\ Wittman, Camden, \. .1. (>-5d

kUhd U ^m end %cmii,

And Peace on Earth and Good Will toward Men.

FTJBIjISIiEID nyCOlSTTHIj^Z', -A.T 3VEEIDIISr.A., OHIO,

B^X^ ^. I- I^OOT-

Tol® T

#mlyf ISf f ®

M®® f

PATENT HIVES— WHAT FKAME OR HIVE TO USE— SHALL, WE USE AN EXTRACT-
OR, OR RAISE C03IBH0NEYV— ITALIANS— THE BEE MOTH— SPACE FOR COMBS
—FOUNDATION.

While I earnestly trj' to maintain a broad "charity for all, and malice toward none," and while
I do not wish to take upon myself the responsibility of dictating- a course for others, I feel it a
duty to discourage with all my might, both by precept and example, everj'thing- in the shape of
patented bee hives, or patents on anything pei-taining to bee-culture. On the other hand I shall
try to encourage evcrv one to do all in their power to advance the common good of all. I do not
believe the world "selfish and grasping," but have unlimited confidence in the disposition of our
people to desire to pay for evervthing they get, and to reward those who work for them disinter-
estedlv, when thev oiice get a clear understanding of the matter. If you have made a valuable
invention or discovery, give it to the people rejoicing that you have been enabled to contriluite
your mite to the common good, and in seeing others happy, and sooner or later, you will siirely
have your reward.

I recommend the Langstroth frame for everybody, and for every purpose whatever, ui pref-
erence to anything else, and I have pretty thoroughly experimented with all shapes and sizes.
There may be other forms that will give just as good results, but I do not believe there are any
better. For all general purpose, I advise the Simplicity hive holding ten of the above frames.
The hive is made of '■a lumber, and is SO'i by 16 inches outside measure. The Langstroth frames
as our gauges make them, are 17?i by Dig outside measure. As the chaff hive is the same thing
with an outer shell to hold the chaft' that protects the hive from the winter's frosts, as well as
summer's sun, no confusion can result from using both in the same apiary.

Produce just whiche\cr
yourself, can by trying both

as cheaply as comb honey fo _ ^-- ,

trouble for 10c. or less, but it will probably pay you best to give your customers an article as good
in every respect as that foinid in the nicest comb honey.

If your hives are all full, upper story and lower, and the honey is still uncapped, put on a
third one, and neither let your bees hang out idly nor swarm, if it takes another story still. When
they get to crowding out, "gi\o them room if you have to sit up all night to do it.

The comparative advantages of the black or common bees and Italians, is a matter that no
longer admits of discussion, and 1 must consider the very few individuals who write in favor of
the former as belonging to that class of unfortunates who seem to delight in being contrary. If
tons of honey are to be considered a proof, the matter has long ago been amicably settled m favor
of the Italians. , . ,

The bee moth need hardly be mentioned now, unless it is to advise you to drive them out witli
Italians, for \vhenever thev come into a neighborhood, the moths get out without any farther
trouble or bother. This oiic feature alone, is enough to justify introducing Italian queens in
place of the blacks. ,, .

The usual space allowed for brood combs is about 1 7-16 inches, but the matter is not at all un-
portant. They can be worked as closely asl?8, or as far apart as 1?^'. For surplus honey we
woulil liave al'io>it 'Z inches space from centre to centre of the combs.

Perhaps 11(1 one tiling in bee culture, e\ er brmiglit forth such unbounded tokens of approval,
as has the comb fdiiniliitiun. -\11 controversies are at mi end and nothing now remains but to de-
vise \vays and means wlicreliy the expense of its manufacture may be cheapened.

'^-^

172

GLEANINaS IN BEE CULTURE.

July

Contents of this Number.

Foot-Power Saws 175

Our Section Boxes in England 175

What a Woman's Enerfiv Will Do 175

Doolittlc's Smoker, and ilow to Use it 176

Cond) Fdr., The only Complaint of the Season 176

How om- ( icrmaii ( 'oiisins introduce Queens 177

Dollar Queens and Xuelei 177

The ei )uunfi- I loney Plant 178

Makini;- Fiawn Hi\es and Covers for Hives, &o 178

New SwaiTHs and Vi-ntilatinn 178

How nKun' iJees in a Hive at once 179

Mortality in Vork State 179

Chaff Hives are warm in Winter, and cool in

Summer 180

Pnxlueinji- Honey, &c 180

How to keep Tuie Stock, with natural Swarming 180

HinnbuKS and Swindles 180

Dwindling- 189

Late Swarms 189

Concerin^- i )ronos 189

Section 15( >.\es without Starters 190

Mice— A Warniny 190

Marking llixes for Queens 190

"RoliliiTig- the Hees 190

Toads Eating Hees 191

Tempei-ature at which Brood is injured 191

Queens that won't I^ay 191

Clipping (^(iieen's wings Befoi-e they Begin to Laj'191

Fold Brood an.l Salvcilic Acid 193

Light Bees, A Won'l in their Favor 193

Introducing Queens 193

Blasted Hopes 195

Notes and Queries 196

Thk imported (jnc(>n we use came from Dadant,
an<l although she is now in her third svimmer, she
seems almost as prolilic as ever.

The Albinos seem to be nothing more than light
colored Italians ; when put among the bees reared
from a daughter of our imported fjueen, the dlfl'erence
is so slight as to be hardly perceptible. Perhaps they
have rather more of a whUish 'down" on their bodies
just below the yellow bands.

JSJT

*rp

We shall receive during June and July, queens
from one of the best districts in Italy, which we will
sell atS-^OU each.

This price being very near cost no discount can be
given on the dozen.

We will deliver at express oflice here in box as re-
ceived, or forward by mail, as requesleii.

No queens raised this season or circular issued.

Registered letter or money order sent at our risk.
C. W. & A. H. K. BLOOD,
6-7 P. O. Box 234. Quincy, Mass.

Italian Iin})orted Bees k Colonies.

PRIOES GREATLY REDUCED.

Full Colony with Imported Queen Slf 00

" " home bred Tested Queen 10 00

Special rates for lari;e quantities. All the Colonies
sold are in new and well jjaiiited movable frame
hives; all combs straisht.

1 1 in ported Queen after June 1st 7 00

3 " Queens " •' each (! .50

l> " " " " •• 6 00

13 " " " " '• 5 50

Single Queens to Old Customers (5 00

Safe Arrival Guaranteed on Queens and. Colonies.
References furnished in nearly every State in the
Union and Canada, or among the most iioted Apiarians
of Europe. Send for Circular to

CH. DADANT & CO.,
6tf Hamilton, Hancock Co., 111.

WiM. XV. Ciiry, Colerain, Prankhn Co., Mass. Six-
teen years experience in Propagatiu'j; Queens direct
from imi)ortod mothers, from the best district in Italy.
Persons i)nrch;isin^' (iueens or Swarms from me will get
what they bargain lor. Send for circular. 3 in q.

Round Honey Jars„

One pound, per gross $4. 75

Two " " •• G 7.5

Corks for above, per gross 65

Larger sizes furnished if wished.
7-9d Address F. T. NUNN, Peru, Huron Co., Ohio.

QOMB pOUNDATIO
50c. PER POUND.

Warranted Pure Beeswax.

C- O- I^EI?,I?,insrE, CHICAGO.
Send for Circular. 6-8d

BARNES' FOOT POWER MA-
CHINERY.
1 0 different machines with which
IJ.Q Builders, C ihinet Makers, Waaron
lUiikers, and Jobbers in miscellaneous
«ork can compete as to Quality and
Price with steam power manufactur-
wvi ; also Amateurs' supplies, saw
111 ides, fancy woods and desisfns. Say
\\ here you read this and send for cat-
al( gue and prices.
iiW W. F. & .JOHN BARNES,

Gtfd Rockford, Winnebago Co., ID.

MONEY BOXES of all sizes or kmds furnished at
reasonahle rates on short notice, also the Lam^stroth
frames. Give the size of box or sectioti wanted and I will
give prices. Address, R R. MURPHY,

0-8 Garden Plsins, Whiteside Co., Ills.

aUEENS. Tested and untested, bred from my
choice lot of imported mothers received from
Itaiy last fall. Site arrival bv mail guaranteed at low
prices. Satisfaction guaranteed Circular free.
7 J. M. C. TAYLOR.

Lewlstown, Fred'k Co., Md.

ITALtAS QUEENS FOR I8??7

Queens bred from Imijorted or hodie bred stock.
Safe arrival guaranteed. Will send you every time
jnst what you order.

Unwarranted queen Si 00

lier doz 11 SO

Warranted " 1 60

'• " perhalidoz 8 Od

" per doz... U 00

Tested " before July 1st 3 .5"

" after " •• 3 £0

" '• " " '-4 for 9 00

" " " " " per doz.. 20 00
2 frame nucleus (frame 11x13) and tested ([ueen

after July 1st 5 00

5 same 2(' 00

Same and unwarranted queen 4 oo

5 " " 17 00

2tf J. OATMAX & CO,, Dunilee. Ills.

MUTH'S ADVERTISEMENT.

HONEY JARS !

One pound (square) jars, ])er gross $6-00

Two '• •• " " 8 (0

One " " " flint glass per gross.... S .Mi

Two " " '• " •• •• — 10 .^n

Corks for i and 2 pound jars 75

Tin loll caps, |)er gross 1 00

Labels " " 75

A thousand labels address printed tv:> order 5(0

One (It. frint jars, Mason's patent, per gross 17 OO

Labels for same, " " 65

A thousand labels address printed to order 4 (Hi

Uncai)uiug knives, as good asauy.each 5(i

'•' " per dozen 4 50

Alsike clover seed, })er bushel 13.50

" " " " peck 3 50

" " " " pound 40

Catnip seed, jicr jiound 6 .50

" '• ounce 50

LiaiisriitrotU Bee Mi^'cs,
Straw mati, bee vails etc., at reasonable rates.
For ftuthcr ijnrticulars, adilresa

CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, O.

!S7T

GLEA.NINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

178

TABLE OF PREMIl'IWS.

The first cofumn is for those only,
who setHl 5 or mo)v names.

Names of Prei)tium Articles.

Any of them sent post-paid on roc'pt of price.
1 — Lithograxjh qf Amary, ImplorteiUs, etc. 25

•2 — Fholograph of Jiousc Apiary 25

o— "27ia^ Pr^iscnt^'' Novice and Blue Eyes 25
^t— Enter son's Binder for Gleanings,

u-ill Iinhli: Voh(/)ies 50

iT) — " " bet t-cr quality 00

7 — Pocket Maf/nifi/iiirf Glass 00

ti—I<lrst (n- second Volume of GhEATXiVGS.. 15
i) — Best quality Emerson's Binder for

Gleanings 75

10— Double Lens Magnifier, on 3 brass feet \,W)
W—Phok) Medley. Bec-Kee)yers ofAmerieal.OO
VZ— First and second T'«?. <i/'GLEANINO8..l,50
13— Centennial Cahtnet Clock; a jrrettif and
acvii rate time piece, that will run even

when carried about, for only 82 00

tl — A real Compound 3licroscope, beauti- \
fully finished , and packed with Imple- \
mcnts inn Mahogany Box 315'

Number
of Sub-
scribers
required
at or
at
75c. 1.00

One Hundred Colonies

PURE IT.iLIAN BEES FOR SALE CHEAP. Send for
Circular and Price List. C. C. VAUGHAN.

3-8 in q. Columliin. Tenn.

Improved (^iiinby Smoker.

Quinby's " Beo - Keeping Explained."
Box material for as practical a bos as can
be made. Glnss" cheaper tlian ever be-
fore. Queens. Hives. Colonies, Extractors,
Hive Clasps, Bee Veils, etc.

Send for Illustrated descriptive Cir-
cular. L. C. ROOT,

Moliawk, Herkimer, Co., N. Y.
4tE

153 ;oLO!fiES mm m m m

At S7p50 Per Colony.

•Ufd 31. PARSE, Pine Bluff, Ark.

Icicn latest and best machinery and pronipily supply

Piir^ Beeswax Comb Foundation.

at the following low prices: Made from yellow wax,
7(c per lb.; white wax, 80c per lb. Sheets 12 inches
wide or less and as lonjr as wanted. Five cells to the
inch and 4 to 8 s-quare leet to the pound. Packed in
light wooden boxes— paper between the sheets.
.Sheets cut to any desired size. Ten per cent discount
on EG lbs. or more. Wax delivered here, will be
worked up for 35c per lb. or for half the wax. High-
est cash price paid for pure wax delivered here.
Freight or Express charges to be paid by the purcha-
ser. By mail, add 25c per lb. to above prices. Order
early before the summer rush. Sample by mail, Kc.

Enlarged circular, giving prices ol Queens, Bees,
Hives, Boxes, Extractors, etc, etc., sent free to all.
It tells how to introduce queens, how to use founda-
tions, and many uselul hints.

BTALIAN QUEENS FOR 1877.

I warrant safe arrivals of all my queens by mail.

Tested queens June 15th to July 15th each $3 00

after July 15th, each 2 .W

'* " " '• six 13 00

" " " " j)er dozen 22 00

WarraHted queens, each 1 50

six 8 00

" " per dozen 14 00

Dollar queens, each 100

" '■ per dozen 11 50

tf J. H. NELLIS, Cannjoharie, N. T.

~ ITALIAN BEE3.

Importevl and home l^red queens; full colonies and
nucleus colonies; beekeeper's supplies of all kinds,
Queens bred early in the season. Send for catalogue.
(tCf DR. J, P. U. BROWN,

Augusta, Ga.

REMOVAL.

Tht3 Brooks Bro's. have removed their Apiary from
Columbus to Elizabethlown, Ind., and would bo pleased
to send you their itew circiilar. Send for it before pur-
chasing j"our queens or be<w.

Address, J. M. BUOOKS & BRO.,
4-9 Elizabethtown, Ind.

BEFOi?,E :E»-criiCi3:-A.siiTa-

Supi)lies for your Apiary, send a Postiil Card for our
Price List of Hives, Frames. Sectional and other Boxes
of any desired ))aitern. Comb Foniidatioiis, Metal Cor-
ners and Testeil and Untested Queens from Imported
mother. 2. C. & H. P. SAYLES,
3-Sd Hartford; Wis.

PUKE BEES WAX.

Cut to anj' size desired.

PACKED IN NEAT WOODEN BOXES-PAPER BE-
TWEEN EVERY TWO SHEETS. AT §1.00 PER
POUNJJ I'OR THE WHITE, OR 75 CENTS
PER POUND FOR THE YELLOW.

IF WANTED BY MAIL. ADD 25 CENTS PEE POUND FOK
PACKING AND POSTAGE.

If takfn in our regular packing boxes, sheets 12x18
inches, 10 per cent. o'A from abo\e prices ou 10 poimds or
over.

Wax will he worked up to order, and cut into sheets of
any size desired, for fO cents per jxiund.

We will pay 35 cents per jxjund cash for bright yellow
wax, or sell it for »0.

One pound of wax makes from 4 to 8 square feet of sur-
face. The thinnest will be used by the bees, but is not
made into comb as quickly as the hearier, which has ii
greater deptii of cell.

Sheets justris-ht for L. frames, both white and yellow,
kept constantly in stock i-eady for shipment ; also square
sheets for section boxes. About 6 of the former or SO cf
the latter weigh 1 pound.

At above pi ices we can pay no freiglit or express charges
either way.

The only wholesale rates we can give is 10 per cent, off
from above rates on orders for 50 pounds or over, or 20
per cent, on 100 jTounds or over. For 5f 0 lbs. or over,
50 cents i)er povmd.

Comb Foundation Machines.

Machines for making sheets 1 foot wide - §b 0 00
Expressly for L. frame, 'J inches wide - 50 <0

For making 5 inches for section boxes - 30 00

Double Boiler for above machines, - 53.00, 3.50 and l.CO
Dipping plates per pair, - - Sl.CO, 1.50 and 2.00

The above prices aro for cells m or 5 to the inch.
If drone size is wanted, add SIO, §5 and .S3 rc.-pectively
to above prices. The machines are all ready for use,
and lull instructions will be seat to each purchaser.
Address, A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

We have sold machines for making fdn. toC.O. Perrine,
Chieasn, Ills.; to D. A. Jones, Benton. Ont., Canadi
to J. M. Madory, Los Amrelos. Cal.; J. H. Nellis, Caiiajo.
haiie, N. Y'. ; to Lewis Walker, Ventura, Ventura Co.,
Cal.; 10 G. M. D.ale, Border Plains, Iowa.: to Rev. J. Van
Eaton, York, Livuigston Co., N. Y'.; to G. W. Gates,
Bartlett, Tenn.; to Wm. S. Hersnerger, Frederick City,
Md.; to Wm. Raitt, Lift by Dundee, Scotland ; to W. R.
Bishop, Sherwootl. 111.; to James B. Hawkes, Arlington
Heights, 111. ; to W. S. Boyd, Bethany, Ohio, and to
A. W. Foreman, M. L\, White Hall. Ills.

The four foj-mer were 12 inch, and the rest, 5 inch ma-
chines. M'e presume all will lie ready to furnish fdn,
at our prices. ^_^__

C3L.XJI313IIVO LIST.

We win send Gleanings—

With The American Bee JournaK^.OO) S2.50

'■' The Bee Keeper's Magazine (1.50) 2.Cii

" Both The above Bee Journals cf America 1,00

'• British Bee Journal (§2,00) 2,50

" All Three 5,.o0

'• American Agricultiu'lst (51.00) §2.25

" Prairie Farmer (62.15) 2.K0

" Pairal New Yorker (?2..'iO) ;3,25

" Scionttlic American (6:3.20) 3,90

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener (?1.0(,i) 1,75
iAbcve rates include all Fostage.l

174

GLEANmGS IK BEE CULTUEE.

July

JE. A\^- HALE'S

Price List of Bees, Queens, Etc., for 1877.

] Full colony .. .. with tested queen $13 00

1 three frame nucleus " " " 5 50

1 " •' " " dollar " 4 00

1 tested queen 2 50

1 untested " 1 W)

A discount of 10 per cent will be made on all orders
of more than §10,00 each. All my queens are raised
from Imported 3Iothers, I only ff"aranteeing the safe
arrival of all tested queens within 1000 miles. The
money must accompany each order, and all orders
will be tilled strictly in rotation. My location enables
me to furnish queens much earlier than parties far-
ther north. Address,
2-lOd E. W. HALE, Wirt C. H., W. Va.

1877, Italian Queens. 187?,

Italian queens, warranted as good in every respect
as tested queens, Sl.tO each. Safe arrival guaranteed
by mail. H. ALLEY,

7 Wenham, Essex Co., Mass.

BOOKS for BEE-KEEPERS and OTHERS.

Auv of these bioks will be forwardel by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.

In buyins? books, as every thing else, we are liable 1o
disappointment if we make a purchase without seein;?
the article. Admittmg that the bookseller could read all
the books he offers, as he has them /or sale it were hardly
to he expected he would be the one to mention all the
faults, as well as good things about a book. I very much
desire that those who favor me with their patronage, shall
not be disappointed, and therefore, I am going to try to
prevent it by mentioning all the faults so far as I c.tn,
that the purchaser may know what he is getting. In the
following list, books that 1 approve I have marked with a
*, those I especially approve* *; those that are not uj)
to times t ; hooks that contain but little matter for the
price, large type and much space between the lines J ;
foreign §.

BOOKS ESPECIALLY FOR BEE-KEEPRES.

Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee**t ?2 00

Quisby's Mysteries of Bee-keeping**! 1 5*^

Bee-keeper's Text Book*t muslin 7.5

" '• '• *t paper 40

A Manual of Bee-keeping, by .lohic Hunter*§ 1 25

Manual of th3 Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook** 30

Ho w I Made 5:550 a Year with my Bees* !■§ 25

How to make Candy**. . .■ 50

Art of Saw-tiHng*J 73

Lumberman's Hand Book*** 15

I'uller's Gnipe Culturist** 1 50

MISCBLL.UfEOUa HAND BOOKS.

Ten Acres Enough**

rive Acres too Much**

Tim Bunker Papers*

An Egg Farm, Stoddard**

Window Gardening

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructoi-*

How to Use the Microscope

Play and Profit in my Garden*

"Our Digestion," by Dio Lewis**

Onion Culiure*

Potatoe Pests, by Prof, Riley **

Practical Floriculture*

Garde ning for Profit**

Strawberry Culturist, Fuller*

Small Fruit Culturist, Fuller*

Forest Tree Culturist, Fuller*

How to Build Hot- Houses, liCucharS

Draining fur Prolit and Health, Warrina;

What I know of Farmin;^, Horace Greely

Injurious In.socts, Prof, A. J. Cook***

Scroll sawing, Sorrento and Inlaid work *X

Moody's Best Thoughts and Discourses ***

Moody and Sankey's Gospel Hymns, words only

" " " words and music, paper

" " " " " boards

Murphy Temperance Pledges, per 100 cards.

One doz. above, as samples

1 25

1 50

1 50

50

1 50

25

75

1 50

2 00
20
50

1 50
1 50

20

50
1 50
1 50
1 50
1 50

10
1 50

75

m;

30
35
40
07

BOOKS THAT I HAVE NEVER EXAMINED, BUT THAT ARE
IN GOOD REPUTE.

Brooln Corn and Brooms paper 50.... cloth 75

Gider Maker's Manual, Buist 1 50

American Pomology, Warder

Canary Birds paper 50 cloth

Farmer's Barn Book

Pear Culture, Fields

American Bird Fancier

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Bement's Rabbit Fancier

Bommer's Method of Making Manures

Burn's Architectural Drawing Book

Burr's Vegetables of America

Cooked and Cooking Food for Domestic Animals...

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets

Dana's Muck Manual

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. .

Gun, Rod, and Saddle

Harris on the Pig

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One

How to Use the Pistol

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy

Johnson's How Crops Feed

Johnson's How Crops Grow

Klipparts Wheat Plant

Leavitt's Facts About Peat

Mrs, Cornehus's Young Housekeeper's Friend

Plummer's Carpenters and Builder's Guide

Skillful Housewife '

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas

Cranberry Culture, Wh ite

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard

Farming by Inches, Barnard

Gardening for Money "

My Ten Rod Farm "

Strawberry Garden "

Carpentry JIade Easy, Bell

Fur, Fin, and Feather

Fish Culture, Garlick

How Plants Grow, Gray

^lanual of Botany and 'Lessons, Gray

School and Field Book of Botany, Gray

New Cook Book, Mrs. Hale

My Farm of Edgewood

American Angler, Norris

Rhododendrons, Rand

Landscape Gardening, Downing

Guenon on Milch Cows

Sorgho, or the Xorthern Sugar Plant, Hedges

My Vineyard at Lakeview

Shooting on the Wing

American Wheat Culturist, Todd

Cotton Planters' Manual. Turner

Practical Batter Book, Willard

Youatt on the Hog

Youatt on Sheep

Garden Veiretablos, Burr

Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, Downing

Complete Works on Chfsmistry, Leibig

Gardening for Ijadie^, Loudon

Riley on the Mule

Fla"! Culture (seven prize essays by practical growers)

Pe;)ch Culture, Fulton's

How To Paint, Gardner

Gregory On Cabbages paper

Gregory On Squashes. . . .paper

Gregory On Onions. . . .paper

Insects Injurious To "vegetation Plain, $t 00..

With coloied plates, SO 50

Gardening For Pleasure, Henderson

Hop Culture

Jenny June's Cook Book

Cotton Culture, Lyman

Maiuial Of Flax Culture and 3Ianufacture

Parsons On The Rose

Potatoe Cul ture, (prize essay) .... paper

Money In The Garden. Quinn

Pear Culture For Prolit, Quinn

Manual On The Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P. Roe

Farm Implements And Machinery, Thomas

Earth Closets, How To Make Them, Warring

Gardening For The South

Cranberry Culture

Practical Poultry Keeper, Wright

Peat And Its U.ses

HtH^es And Evergreens, Warder

Book On Birds, Ilolden

Sorirliuni .Vnd Its Products

Taxidi'mi ist's Manual

Practical Trout Culture

Farming F'or Boys

Silk Grower's Guide

Painter, Guilder and Varnishcr

Mushroom Culture

The Farmer's Receipt Book

The Model Potatoe

Apple Culturist, Todrl

Youman's Household Science

3 00

75

1 50

1 25

30

1 75

30

25

1 00

3 00

20

3 no

1 25
5 00
1 00
1 50
1 25
50

1 25

2 00

2 00
1 75
1 75
1 50
1 00

75

3 75
1 25

.S8
38

1 50
38
38

5 00
50

1 50

1 25
3 00

2 50
2 00
1 25

5 50
1 50

6 50
75

50

75
1 50
1 50
1 00
1 00

1 00

2 50
5 00
2 00
2 00
1 50

.30
1 .50
1 00
30
30
30

1 50

30
1 50
1 50

25
1 50

25
I 50
1 00

50
1 50

1 00

2 00

1 25

2 00
1 25
1 50

25
1 50
1 0*
1 50
1 50
I 25
1 50

3 OO
51)
50

1 .lO
1 75

I>EVOTi:i> TO 3JEEH A]NI> HOIVE'ST, A]V1> HOIWnE: ITSTTDBHESTS.

Vol. V.

JULY 1, 1877.

No. 7

A. I. ROOT, ~)

Publisher and Proprietor,

Pnblisbed Monthly.

Medina, O.

il28tal>ll8lie<l in 18 73. 1

CTERMS: Sl.OOPcr Annum in Ad-

] vjvnce; 3 Copies for $2.50; 5/or %3.75 ;

lO or more, 60c. each. Single Number lOc.

FOOT POTTER SAW^S.

sn» THANK yon for having discovered, for the bee-
l|| keeper, the foot-power saw of Mr. Barnes. It Is
^' a true gem. About 8 years ago I made an expense
of about SlOO, in building a horse-power saw. But
the attempt resulted in a dead loss. When you spoke
lor the first time of the foot-power saw, 1 thought that
you had a fit of short lived enthusiasm, for I could not
imaj^ine that it would be possible to run a saw with
the foot, without exhausting one's strength in a few
hours. When 1 saw your enthusiasm lasting, I re-
solved to try for myself, and here are the results :

The first day we were astonished to see tlie ingenu-
ity with which this machine is combined, and the
good work that it is doing, but we found the first work
very hard. The second day we tried to increase the
speed, and it seemed that the machine was just the
thing. The third day ruined all our hopes. My eon,
who runs the machine, was tired by his work of the
first day ; the rip saw seemed harder to run than be-
fore, and we resolved to write to you for a book on
saw filing. My son was then able to file and set the
saw in good order, and now we are amazed at the
quantity of work, and the ease with which it is done.

We had 1,700 frame* to make and about 10.000 feet of
lath to rip; my son has worked only on rainy days,
and nearly all the work Is done, although we have
had the saw but three weeks ; the work is so smooth
and true that I would send you a sample but for the
thought that you have the same aiachine.

You cannot insist too strongly on the following in
regard to the use of the machine: First— follow the
directions given to move the pedal. Second— keep
the saws In good order, according to the directions
given in the "Art ol .Saw Filing." Third— keep the
machine oiled. Fourth— do not abandon the task af-
ter a ehort trial, but persevere till you can work
easily.

The rip saw is harder to work. If the wood is not
dry, or is of some hard kind, you will exhaust your
strength unless you work slowly; but If you nave
chosen very dry lumber, and soft, to make the frames,
yon will succeed.

The scroll saw is more easily worked. It Is a play-
thing. Cu. Dadant, Hamilton, 111., May 12, 1877.

OUR ElVGIilSH COUSINS, AND WHAT

THEY THINK OF OUR SECTION

BOXES.

^^^I^E extract the following from the London
yjM Journal of Horticulture for May. Will
^ friend Hunter accept our thanks for
the very pleaeant way in which he compli-
ments Yankee ingenuity. We do not repro-
duce the cuts, as thf^y have appeared on our
pages already :

SECTIONAL S LIFERS.

The importance of this subject to the bee-keeper
■will doubtless excuse my returning to it, for the ex-
perience of the various honey shows of the last three
j-ears has |)roved that the days of large weighty su-
pers are doomed, the first object of the bee master
who hopes to make profit on bis hives being to raise a
product that will oomiuand the best market price,
which the large bell-glass or v.'ooden box of honey

does not. Neither does the strained honey satisfy the
fastidious taste of the wealthy epicure. American
bee-farmers arc years ahead of us in the discovery of
what is needed for the flesirable end. Their super
jiatterns are legion, but all tend to the same object-
to produce clean, well-filled combs of attractive ap-
pearance, and small enough for the retailer to sell
without cutting.

Mr. Root of Medina, Ohio, whose apiary was fig-
ured in this Journal a few weeks back, has favored
me vi'lth samples of his latest sectional supers, which
in simplicity and Inexpensivencss will be hard to beat.
The figure illustrates the section box, and the manner
in which they are placed in the frames with which
the hive is filled. I should, however, say that both
hive and super are exactly alike; the former, filled
with ordinary frames, being used as a breeding box;
the latter, filled with wider frames and sectional box-
es, as a super. When supplied to the bees each sec-
tion is fitted with a piece cf clean comb, natural or
artificial, without which, of course, no dep'.'ndenci
could be placed that the bees would build in order.
On examination It will be seen that all four sides are
neatly mortised, and they are merely held together by
the mortises ; liit being all cut by eirculaV saw to
gauge, such Is the accuracy that the whole is quite
firm and every piece interchangeable. The top is
grooved to fix the guide comb, and the section bores
are sold at the marvelously low price of $10 ('2£) per
thousand ! Less thah l^id. each. This is the price
quoted lor boxes 5 by G by 2, or anything less. Of
courfe, the natural exclamation is, "Ah! that Is in
America; but what can we get them here for?"
Well, I supplied patterns to a friend, an ardent bee-
keeper, anxious to help our good cause, and who had
all the requisite machinery— circular saw, stsam pow-
er, and timtjcr at first price, and he made some as a
trial, and now declares they cannot be made and sold
in England under 2d. each. He thinks the Yan-
kees must get their wood lor nothing and labor lor
lesF, to sell at their price ! Now at 2(;. each they arc
not too dear to use ; but we can yet do better, "it ia
no uncommon thing to find we can Import articles of
merchandise better and cheaper than we can make
them, and in like manner we can import these section
boxes so that they shall certainly cost under Id., and
I think not more than ?4cZ. each. I have been in the
habit year by year of getting all manner of foreign
apiarian novelties for ray friends at cost price, and al-
though I have often unfortunately found myself in
the position ol the old man and his ass, by next sea-
son I certainly will import a case of snpers to serve
as patterns; and in the meantime, as circular saws
are now so common with amateur workmen, I extract,
somewhat condensed, Mr. Roofs instructions in
"Gleanings in Bee Oultuke" how to make the
sections.

^»o*-^—-

WHAT A TVOMAN'S ENERGY TVII^Ii DO.

A SnOKT CHAPTER FROM EVEUV BAY LIFE.

^f3?JR. ROOT :— I have a favor to ask of you. WIU
llWw von send me an extractor and give me sixty
«4^/^ days In which to pay it I-' We have 24 hives of
Italians ; they have a good supply of honey, but I
hate to sell it in the comb. I think I can sell enough
honey la two days, to pay for an exti actor. My hus-
band went to drive logs down the river on purpose to
get the money for an extractor, but it is such a poor

176

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

July

year for driving that they will not pay the men until
the logs are down. I will tell you our circumstances
and you will see how it will help us. We "home-
steaded " an "eighty," ten years ago in the woods;
we have had hard Limes, sickness and death since.
After a village was started I would take a basket of
grated horse radish in bottles, or garden stuff, five
miles on foot to sell to help us along, that my husband
could stay at home and clear land. Three years ago
we traded a cow for a horse and I took it on horse-
back. One year I sold Sl3;j.C0 worth. I sent t25,00 of
it to M. Quinby and got a hive of bees. We have had
them about two years. We have no horse now. I
took 21 lbs. of honey five miles on Saturday. Such
work is killing me but we have great hopes that our
Dees will help us to a horse and wagon this summer.

MBS. S. A. P.

We would like those who get so discour-
aged after a few failures, aud begin to think of
"Blasted Hopes," to tal<e a lesson from this
woman. In spite of her household duties, her
many trials, disappointments and failures, still
she is resolute and undaunted, and when no
other way seemed open for getting the things
she needed, she started off on foot with her
honey, even while feeling that her strength
would not long enable her to do such work,
and after it all, seems cheerful and ready to
go ahead with the duties that lie before her.
With such women for mothers, is it any won-
der that America's son's are outstripping the
rest of the world ? Instead of sitting down
idly and complaining at a few trifling dis-
couragements, shall we not rouse up, and take
courage after such an example of patient en-
ergy from one of the opposite sex ?

.^i*^*^*^

HOW TO MAKE A1V» USE THE BOOL.1T-

TLI^ 8ITIOKE2i.

^jf^ERHAPS our friend whose name this
J^^ smoker bears, deserves more credit for
— ' the plan by which it is to be used, than
for any novelty in its construction, for the
idea is very old. It is simply a tube made of
very thin light tin, with a plug of hard wood
in each end. A smooth clean hole about as
large as a lead pencil, is bored through each,
and one of them has a knob turned on one end
to be held in the teeth. The tin tube should
be about 6 inches long, and perhaps l^X in di-
ameter. We have seen them so small that
they could be carried in the vest pocket, and
again, much larger than the one we have ad-
vised. Friend Dean uses one nearly a foot
long, and perhaps 2V2 inches in diameter. The
diagram will make it all plain.

A, is the plug to be held in the teeth, while
B, is put in permanently. A, should fit so
closely that it will be in no danger of falling
out, or the coals and fuel might make much
trouble by falling into the hives and on the
bees ; but it should be so loose as to be easily
taken out to replenish the fuel when necessary,
or to have it keep burning when laid down.
This smoker like all others, will go out most
inopportunely, unless it is carefully handled,
and our first attempts at getting it lighted
were such that we almost got disgusted with
it even after friend D. had shown us how, re-
peatedly. The secret of it seems to be that
you must not make up your mind you know

all about it at first glance, but must conclude
you don't know, aud listen aud obey orders to
the very letter.

Go into the woods and get some very dry
rotten wood, of such a sort that it can be easi-
ly crumbled up in the fingers into pieces
about the size of grains of corn, or a little lar-
ger. Put in some of the large pieces first,
that the hole in the lower plug may not be
clogged, and then fill up the tin case with
smaller bits. Now lay a coal of fire on top of
the fuel, and do not put in the plug until the
rotten wood is smoking briskly. With your
breath give it a puff, and if the smoke pours
out of the plug at the lower end, you are ready
to put in the mouth piece and go to work.
When your bees are quiet enough, take out
the mouth piece and lay it down; but if yau
lay it down without takipg out the mouth
piece, it will go out very soon. If you choose,
you can hold it between your teeth all the
time, but if you do not wish it to go out, you
must not omit giving it a puft" every little
while. It may thus be kept going for more
than an hour, with once filling. In trying to
do this, you will very likely get the smoke
into your lungs and get strangled, but you
are to bear it all patiently, and remember that
"every rose has its thorn." If you will put
the end of your tongue over the hole in the
mouth piece, when you are not blowing, you
will be in no danger of drawing smoke into
your lungs.

The advantage this smoker has over the
bellows smokers, is that it can be held in the
teeth, while you work with both hands. Some
people — I can hardly think they deserve being
called apiarists — imagine they must have a
veil and smoker too, both at the same time, in
which case it is well to have a hole through
the veil for the mouth piece of the smokers.
But very little blowing is needed when these
smokers are in trim, and if a little cloud of
smoke is kept curling up gracefully — not to-
bacco smoke under ani/ consideration — you
certainly ought to be happy without being en-
cumbered with anything in the shape of a veil.

COMB FOIJNOATJOW, THE ONLY CQM-
P1.AINT OF THE SE.5:«aiV,

AND THE WAY IT HAS TURNED OUT.

M FTER our note on page IGl of last month,
J(^_ we received a top bar from friend B.,
"■'^^ with a strip of fdn. to all appearance
neatly fastened in a saw cut in the top bar.
We wondered at the time, how he did it so
neatly, but as it seemed all secure when pulled
on, we hung it in the hive. Three hours later,
we opened the hive expecting of course to find
comb nicely started ; but sure enough, we had
only a clean stick. The fdn. had all vanished
just as friend B. had said, and it was at the
bottom of the hive partly eaten up by the bees.
We sat down and pondered, put the fdn. back
in its place, and found by gently pulling, it
would slowly slip out of the groove ; after it
had fallen to the bottom of the hive the bees
disliking to waste so much wax, picked it off
by little bits, and carried it where wanted.
This was the solution of the whole mystery.
]Mr. B. had borrowed his idea from our section
boxes, but had forgotten the part about open-

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

177

ing the groove, and then closing it on the fdn.
Doubtless many have had trouble in this very
matter, in not fastening the fdn. very securely
in the frames. After pasting the wax down
as we advised last month, we found it to work
all right. You can imagine how glad we
were to get the following :

I wrote .vou a card some time since askiiitc if fdii. was a
liuuibuf?. "lam prepared to answer my own question.
So far as later experiments po it is no humbuar. Not be-
iug able (as I thouslit) to ^et enoufrh fdn. for full slieets
in every hive 1 merely intended usins it as starters for
straight comb i. e. as comb iruides. The bees in every
instance ate them out and built on the edges of toj) bars,
fastening one comb to two frames causini; me much
trouble and loss. On Saturday June '2d 1 put live full
sheets in different hives ; this (Mondiiy) morning I find
in tlieir stead full combs with honey in them. I cut them
rat ler large and they stretched and bulged some, yet I
have seen natural combs that werj worse. 1 find the fdn.
is inclined to be warped out tf a true plane when put in
frames. Can you give me a remedy ? I also find the fdn.
used as comb guides ?j wide is used when put between
linished combs but not unless.

I mail you some poplar honey. It was taken from
combs that broke down in straightening after the unsuc-
cessful comb guides of fdn. and was not capped over. To
my taste poplar is the richest honey made here. Good
strong stocks are bringing it in now at the rate of 10 lbs.
per day.

Why the bees refused to work out the strips I can not
see, as I have not yet seen a single instance where fhf y
failed to work whole or half sheets. O. Bkumfield.

Brumfleld Station, Ky., June 4th, '77.
POPLAli HONEY.

The sample sent us, is certainly delicious
and very rich, but the color is so dark, that it
perhaps might not command a very high price
in the market. We have heard much said
about poplar honey by our Southern friends,
but have never before seen or tasted any. Will
some one send us a leaf and flowers of the tree,
or seeds? It is evidently a variftj' of poplar
we do not have here. The honey though un-
sealed as stated, was so thick it would hardly
run in a hot day.

^ »»» i;^

INTRODUCBNG QUEENS.

HOW OURGEKMAN COUSINS DO IT.

MjR. H. C. Hersperger, Keene, Ky., asks in the
May No. of Gleaninss: ''Can not some plan
I be devised by which they (the queens) can be

introduced safely in every case, without woriying
two or three days over a queen and then having her
killed by angry bees?"

Yes sir, 1 know such a i)lan, and it is the best
one I ever tried, because it never failed. If you will
follow me, and the hive you have in use will permit,
you can, not only introduce a valuable queen in the
salest, but also in the most profitable way. Safe is
my plan in every case ; it is profitable if you have
simply a queenless colony, wish to give another queen
to a colony, or have a colony with fertile workers.

Will I introduce a queen to a colony, I insert a di-
vlslcn board in the hive in which I wi?h to introduce
her and make a room lor three fr four frames. The
division board must exactly fit the hive so that no bee
can get out of one room into the other, otherwise the
the whole'experiment will be a failure. In this nar-
row room, which has its own fly hole, I put a comb
containing honey, and two or tliree combs with just
hatching and all adhering bees from the colony which
I will unqueen or to wliich I will give a new queen,
or should this stock be feeble, from one or two other
Btrong stocks. Care must be taken lliat no queen is
among the adhering bees. On one ol these combs
with hatching bees I confine the queen under a queen
cage. These queen cages are made of tin just as high
as a good worker comb is thick, with an opening for
releasing the queen. There are also small openings
for feeding the confined queen. I close the hole with
a ball of paper saturated with honey. I then put
under the new queen and press the cage into the
comb near the brood till it touches the [jartition svall.
Before the bees will gnaw out the new queen, the
old bees will return to their parent stock and the
young ones will undoubtedly accept the new queen.
From this time I have two fertile queens in one hive,

yi

if the c>lony was not (pieenlcss. In that case I hunt
out after some days or weeks, just as I have leisure,
the old ((ueen In the larger room of the hive, open
the passages from one room into the other, and the
two colonics unite jieaceably without fighting each
other or the new queen.

If the colony is (lucenlcss and only to be rcqueened,
then I oi)en after some days, the passages, waiting
again some time before taking out the division board
and putting in its place another comb. All is then
right. In tlie first case I have now a strong colony
without any interruption of breeding and in all other
cases I have in this way strengthened the re(iueened
colony, which is always necessary in case of stocks
which have fertile workers or have been some time
queenless. C. T. 11. Okaveniioksi'.

Brunswick, Germany, May lOth, 18/7.

Thank you friend G., for taking so much
pains to make the matter plain to our friends.
We have practiced nearly the same plan, and
have no doubt but that it will work nicely.
The objection to it is, the amount of labor re-
quired to fix the division boards, get the
hatching brood, &c., but the advantage of
having a laying queen in the hive before the
old one is taken away, is perhaps enough to
pay for all trouble. After we have got the
extra apartment made, why not raise our
queens and have them fertilized right there ?
The plan has been used quite extensively by
some of our people, but if we mistake not,
(lueens are sometimes killed when the division
board is removed. Will those who have had
experience in the matter let us know about it ?

DOLLAR QUEENS AND NUCLEUS HIVES.

^^'^E shall have to ask our friends who or-
'fll dQ,r dollar queens to turn to the adver-
tisement and read over the conditions
under which they are to be furnished. You
must do this, for we can not waste time and
postals in answering what is kept constantly
before your eyes in plain print. The profit is
so small on these queens that we can hardly
afford to answer questions in regard to them,
much less, promise to select choice ones for
the money. All orders will be filled in strict
rotation, and we can not even tell you when
you may expect them. You have only two al-
ternatives ; await your proper turn, or order
your money sent back. The latter request
will always be complied with immediately. If
you think this is rather hard on a world of
inquisitive people, perhaps you had better go
into the dollar queen business yourself. All
Orders for bees and nuclei, we shall fill from
our own apiary, but orders for queens only,
will be, many of them, filled by parties all over
the U. S. ; generally those nearest you. As we
are now importing queens, we expect soon to
have our entire apiary queened with imported
queens; by this means we shall have every
queen worth at least a dollar, even those reared
by natural swarming. We are ofTering swarms
and nuclei, at very low rates to get rid of our
old combs, that we may replace them with
combs built on the fdn. On account of the
many losses in introducing queens, we strong-
ly urge beginners to purchase the two fram3
nuclei. We put them up very light and strong,
that the express charges may be but little, and
they are sent- fully stocked with bees and a
dollar queen, foiv only $4.00. If you want to
see how nice a nucleus hive we can get up, it
may pay you to send us 50c for a sample neat-
l.v painted, and all rigged ready for queen
rearing.

178

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

July

THE COMING HONEY PLANT.

SOMETnilfG MOEE ABOUT IT.

(f^^jIR:— Your card of the Uth rec'd. I would have an-
n^i swered sooner but was waiting to get the botanical
y>!!^ name of the plant, as I took a root, together with the
young shoots and old seed stalk to Prof. Rodgers of Mon-
mouth ; but he has failed to make it out yet, I herewith
send you the last seed 1 have on hand, and I am now sat-
isfied that it is useless to sow it before fall ; for it will not
gerrainato without lying in the ground over winter. The
seed 1 saved was in good condition. I sowed early in
spring and none has appeared as yet, while, where it fell
from the stalk last fall it is up thick. I discover that it is
a perennial and requires two years to bloom. I have
taken up some roots and planted where I can culti-
vate. The flower stalks are two feet hi?h on
them now. I will report mora fully in the fall. I have
rec'd a great many letters and have so far sent a few seed
to all. I would ask privilege of saying through your pa-
per (for it seams to go every where) that it is useless to
ask for a pound of seed, as I do rot lielieve there could be
one pound of seed gathered in Warren Co. It is iv~!t
found in any quantity except where I sowed it a few years
ago, and the seed is so smull that one pound would pro-
duce plants enouirh to plint a section (or 640 acres) «f
l:ind. Tl'.e seed ripens as it blooms so that there is no
amount of ripe seed at one time. I will cheerfully answer
any questions in regard to it or other things through
Glisanisgs, but please excuse me from individual corres-
poadeuce fur the next two months, for work commences
in my apiary in earnest.

1 would say f u ther in regard to the plant, that it is not
a noxious weed and will not grow where c ittle can get it ;
its favorite place is along hed;e fences, where the heflge
has been trimmed and left lyin/, under brush heaps, in
fonce corners, &c. As soon as I get the name I will send
it vou. Jas. a. Simpson.

Alexis, Warren Co., Ilk., May 23d, 1877.

The " new honey plant " spoken of in May No., page
136, by Jas. A. Simpson, Alexis, Ills., is a very old one
in this vicinity. It grows* wild here, being lound in
abundance along lence rows, open wood ^pastures,
along rail road tracks, &c. In fact it is a very com-
mon weed but never a troublesome one. It has the
habit of never growing where it will be in tlie way.
It is a perennial and would be of the easiest culture.
Its roots are small aiid fibrous and so very numerous
that the plant is always fresh and green in the driest
weather when most other green things are wilted.
Friend Simpson has not overstated its honey bearing
properties. Uees will work on it to the exclusion of
everything else I cvor saw growing in its vicinity.
Its name is Scrofulana 3Iarylandic<v ; commonly
called carpenter's square, I sui'uose because of the
shape of the stalk. A. W. Fokeman, M. D.

White Hall, Ills., May 2Cth, 1877.

liAWN HIVES, AN3>COVK51'«Fi>K hives;

JFASTCBf SECTIO.^'S, "%V1NTERING, &f.

5rp II.VVE built a Lawn hive for trial, it suits me
Jsjl first rate so far. I put a swarm in it in January.
«i I left the ("lUrance the lull width of hive, tliink it
will be better in vv-arm weather and better to clean
out. I thinlv I boat your roof. The roof is round ex-
cept a 4 Incii strip in center. It looks likeatiiink.
Tiie rounding pieces are }i inch basswood; just lay
them on the hot stove and keep the upper side wet —
5 minutes will bring ihem round enou"?!!. Nail them
on right away with tlaishing nails. When well paint-
ed, I think tliey v/ill never check, at least tliey never
do in carriage work. Just tiy one. I think it cheap-
er tlian yours with so much tin and work, and it looks
-foxy."

I have been making some sections inside Langstroth
frame to s 'e how ihoy look. Think 6 looks better
than 8. I have made some with 3 sections which I
think would work. Take a top bar and fasten 3
frames .5^^;;8,'s on tlie under side by two X inch brads
driven from the under side Into top bar and a small
screw from the top into each, \yhen the screw is
drawn, it is easily pried from the brads. Clasp the
bottoms by double pointed tacks; this makes a vari-
ety of sizes with but little waste of room. We sell a
good many full frames at h >me but tliey are too heavy
for the groceries. I should like to see how the fancy
sections are used. It they are in a large Idoek, it
don't seem that tliey would be attractive, and how
can they be cut out for the table to look true and nice?
i think thf^y miglit i)e maile of thia stuff steamed and
bent, for hsarts, &;>., tlien they could be hung up
with "blue ribbons" you know.

I thought I had the cellar for wintering. Gravelly
soil, concrete wall 22 inches thick, dry as an upper
room, room partitioned ofl' with same material in one
corner 20x15, 8 feet high— (iO swarms in two rows
around on shelves— 1x3 feet high. I put them in first
of December. Took thorn out first of February for a
fly, then again about the 2lth of February. They do
not seem to make much noise until 3 or 4. days of
warm weather, but keep coming out one at a time and
get lost on the floor; it is dark as midnight and well
ventilated by a tube and elbow 4x6 from the outside,
and tube to stove pipe. I think there are too many In
the room ; last winter wns mild and 30 swarms didnot
get uneasy. I don't think it necessary to carry them
to summer stands after they have been In cellar a
month and I had watched them closely. I just set
them out around tlie cellar door, just as it happens.
I keep them across the road some 8 rods away in
summer. Alo.nzo Bokden.

South Lyon, Mich., March 13th, 1877.

Your roof would doubtless answer nicely,
but the expense of the thin basswood, would
be considerably more than the pine, which we
always have on hand, for the roof is made of
the very same pieces that are used for the si-
ding, and where a number of hives are made,
the labor is trifling. You are right about the
fancy sections, but we need the blocks all the
same, even if we do succeed in getting thin ve-
neer bent into the required shape, for the
spaces between these fancy sections must be
closed with something.

Bees will sometimes come out, and at other
times they will not, even if the wintering room
be ever so dark, and at present we are about
as much in the dark about it, as we are in try-
ing to tell why bees sometimes winter finely,
at other times do not, with precisely the same
treatment.

TilUM' SWAKITIS, AlfD VE.VTILATION.

SOME or X WOMAN'S EXPERIENCE.

E are very much pleased with the extractor,'
frames, section boxes, &c. The frames are
it splendid. Several of our neighbors that'
have see'n them think they will send to you tor some.
The section box is ju:-t the right size for a great many
who only want a pound of honey and the section box
full will just nil the tiill.

I was soriy when I road D. W. Fletcher's letter in
"B! listed Hopes" in the May No., but I can not agree
with him that bee-keeping is poor business to depend
on tor a living, or that it requires considerable capi-
t.d, but I do think it rcquircs'a good deal of care to
insure success, and so does any other business, to
make it profitaOle. livery one in this locality except
ourselvt's had bad luck "with their beea last winter,
i)ut it W1S all through ignorance or carelessness.
Some of Ihem never read a book or paper on bee-
keeping in tht ir lite and did not know how to care for
them, thoae that did know were careless and neglect-
ed Ihem.

As for capital it was. Oh, such hard work for us to
raise the .S:W. that our flret hive of bees and the ex-
press co^t. We got them two years ag > the 2i)th of
May. We increased to 7 that summer by arliliclal and
natural swarms and wintered tliem in the cellar with
good success. Increased to 21 la«t summer and win-
tered the same as before. Five hives got the dysen-
tf^ry two wce''s iiefore setting th'>m out but they are
doing as well as the others now. Wo sold honey
enough last summer to pay for our bees, lumber and
paint lor hives, awl fil.^tO per day lor the time my
husband was emnloved in making hives and caring
IVn- the bees. I liuvo sold Sll. wor:h of honey lhi3
spring and our hives are all full of honey which we
intend to extract as soon as our bees get lhro\igh
swarming. They commenced to swarm on the 17ih
of May ; we have had 13 swarms. We had one swarm
to-day that had three (piccns, and the hivo that cast
the swarm killed and carried out tour more. It was a
third swarm ; the same hive cast a swarm yesterday.

I would like to have every man and wo'man who
has struggled tor years in poverty, fry b3c-keeplng.
If vour nVighbors and friends laugh at }"ou and proph-
esy all sorts of bad luck, jn.st give" them to understand
that the word fail is not in ycur vocabulary.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

179

Now Mr. Hoot. I wish to tell you of our first bad
luck. We liad three swarms come out at once and
unite. We found the queens, divided the l)ees, and
put them In three separate hives ; atter placing them
on the stand another swarm issued and one ol the
three attempted tot follow; we stopped the hive up
tight until that swarm was hived, i)erhaps aiiout 15
minutes. Three davs after we loolied at them and
they were all dead. The hive was (julte wet Inside.
We' never have raised a hive up from the bottom
board for a new swarm, but alter losing that one we
looked at Quinby'y book and he says it is very imixir-
/«)!< that new swarms should have an opening at the
bottom. In hiving a swarm my husband has always
used weak salt and water to sprinkle on the bees in a
line spray to diive them into the Live. Do you think
the salt and water killed them or did tliey smother ?
They did not make any comb. We do not attribute
that to bee-keeper's luck, we lay it to our own stupiil-
itv in not noticing what Qulnby said about ventilating
a hive. Mus. S. A. Philp.

Clare, Clare Co., Mich., June 1st, 1877.

We should prefer the water without salt, if
any be used, which is seldom necessary. They
smothered without any doubt, but it is by no
means necessary to have a hole in the bottom
board to prevent such a catastrophe. Your
"stupidity" was only in neglecting to examine
all the new swarms, and see if all was right
jnst as soon as you got through. Look to
your bees often during swarming time, and be
sure that new swarms have a large airy en-
trance. This we can give them with great fa-
cility with the Simplicity hives. Push the
hive forward so it projects at least 2 inches
over the bottom board.

—> igi ^ — —

VAKIOUS MATTERS.

WE wish It understood that we write only for
those that know less about bee-keeping than
we do, and those that know more, ueed not
read our articles for they will have no use for such
nonsense. And Mr. Editor if all of your stocks are
like the 20 frame hive, you will not need any division
boards, or any articles either. But how about the
ones you had, that on the firsi of May had brood on
only two or three combs and but small patches .at
that? How do you think they would prosper in a 30
frame hive ? Then another ttiing we would like to
ask you.

HOW MANY BEES IN A IHVB AT ONCE.

How is It that you have been doubting that a queen
could produce 86,000 living bees at once when accord-
ing to your statement of your '20 frame hive you have
at least 15 frames 17?i)X9 's filled with brood on May 9th,
which would give llf.uoo every '21 days or (as the
worker bee lives 45 days) 2 1-7 times that, which would
be '244,000 living bees on the stage of action at once ?
Be careful friend Novice, or you will beat Adair tnd
Gallup out of sight on what a queen will do in one of
those New Idea hives.

You ask how it is we York State folks have so many
weak stocks, &c. We can tell you just about as well
as j"ou told us the spring after you had such visions
of ijottles, cans, pails, barrels, and so on. lilled with
lior.ey, and came out with bees enough to decently fill
two or three hives. It was simply this— tliey died.

MORTALITV IN YORK STATE.

Onondaga, Cayuga, and Tompkins counties, seem
to have suffered most. Even our old veterans in bee
keeping could not keep them. One man that had
kept bees for the past 20 years, lost 118 from 130. An-
other who understands bees as well as any person in
this state and probably as well as any person in the
U. S., lost 150 out of 200, and the remaining 50 very
weak, while those that liad from 10 to 30 have but few
or none left. Stocks that were strong in numbers
March 15th. were all gone May 1st. To say that three-
fourths of all the bees in the above three counties are
dead would be placing it at a very mil<i estimate. We
have SO stocks left ot our 11.4 last fall, 5i) of which are
good fair stocks and the other 30 weak.

Novice seems to think we have our hobbies, and
perhaps we have, but we can hardly see where they
are unless it is to m:ike bne-kee|ung a paying institu-
tion, for we have given in Gi.KANiNGS for the past
three years everything from a pimcrack down to a
whistle made of a pig's tail in the mutter of bee-kcep-
lug, and have only jiist commenced to give our expe-

rience. Our hobby can not be division boards we are
sure, as wc only use them for weak swarms, and to
secure comb built true In frames, as one-half of our
stocks liavo never seen a division since they got their
combs built.

THE OALI>Ur FKAME.

Perhaps it may be our Gallup frame, and if so we
say amen to it, lor there is no frame in use that bees
can be built up with so <iuickly. and yet send large
numbers to the field as with "the Gallup frame. E.
Gallup proved tills to bee-keei)ers years ago and no
one has successfully coniradlcled it. It any one
doubts It let him give it an impartial trial and be con-
vinced. Again, In May No. of Gleanings we see
that we shall soon change our frame and liive (or rig-
ging) if we have not already done so. Now Mr. Edit-
or just as soon as we change our hive or frames you
anil the readers of Gi^eanings shall know it Iree of
charge, and until we tell you, remember we have the
same frame, hive and honey box. only keep bees for
the money there is in the business and shall only use
that style of frame and honey box that will give us
the most bees and honey.

By the way, friend Root does not your talk in
Gleanings tend to lead beginners to" be lazy bee-
keepers ? You talk about its being such a job to take
out Doxes as soon as finished, and so much fussing to
build up a weak swarm, as if it were a dread to you to
touch a bee hive, &c., while a live bee man can hard-
ly keep his hands oft them even to eat his meals, it is
such fun to see tiiG little fellows work, and see how
fast be can build a swarm up. We venture the asser-
tion that if Novice had gone to work as enthusiastic-
ally on that '20 frame hive of bees, as he has in defense
of the comO fdn., he could have made twice the mon-
cv out of them he will now. G. M. Doolittle.

'Borodino, N. Y., June 4th, 1877.

Beg pardon friend D., but the 20 frame hive
had Adair frames, almost such a frame as your
Gallup. If I conveyed the idea that 15 frames
were full of brood alone, I was a little hasty.
Perhaps 15 of the frames contained brood in
half the number of cells ; this would give us
54,000 cells of brood, or over 2500 eggs in a
day for over 21 days. This is the best work
we have ever had from a queen, but as she
was a hybrid and the bees very cross, we made
three colonies of them and sold two of .them
for $14.00 before June 1st.

I agree with you, that probably none of us
know why bees die in the spring.

I did not mean that you should change your
Gallup frame, but only the plan of putting on
the honey boxes. I do not think the Gallup
frame is going to be liked generally as well as
the L., because the great mass of our bee-keep-
ers have decided in favor of the latter, and
vei'y few indeed are using the Gallup. In the
manufacture of supplies I have had a better
opportunity of learning this, than perhaps any
other person. There are without doubt more
Langstroth frames in use now, than all other
kinds together. Next to this, I should say
more American than all of the balance. There
are then about an equal number of the Gallup
and Qulnby. Within the past two years, great
numbers have changed to the Langstroth.

We all know friend D., that your hobby is
to make bee-keeping a paying institution, and
we feel too, the debt we owe you. As far as
regards lifting out two sections at a time or
eif/hi, our friends are a great many of them
just now doing it, and shall we not let them
decide which way is cheapest ? Those who
have been educated to extracting, will have
no patience with sections, unless they can lift
them out just as quickly as the 8 or 10 lb.
combs for the extractor. I do not think they
will be "lazy." On the contrary, I would
have one man do all the work for — for — a
"great big" apiary.

180

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

July

GLEANtMGS IN BEE CUUTUnE.

Publisliod Menthly,

-A.. I- :r<dot.

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.

MEDINA, OHIO.

Terms : Sl.OO I»er Anniiiii.

[Inchidlng Postage.]
For Club Bates see Last Page.

nvEEnDiasr-A., j-ttl^st i, istt.

He that is greedy of gain troubleth bis own house.
Prov. 15 : 27. ,«..,.^

Nei.lis has sent us 39 subscribers, and Doolittle 52.
According to the offer of our excellent friend. Dr.
Brown, Dooliltle is to have the testeil queen.

TiiK chaff liives are a perfect success so far as hot
•weather is concerned. The bees do not hang out at
all, as they do in the Simplicities, when placed in
the sun, and they are making astonishing progi'ess in
the section boxes.

For some reason unknown to us, the section boxes
this season are filled with honey clear up against the
■wood ; it may be because the sections are smaller and
thicker, or on account of the bountiful How ol clover
honey. In either case we are thankful to find them
•working so beautifully.

The plan friend Sayles of Hartf nrt, "Wis., uses to in-
troduce virgin queens, does not differ essentially from
the methods already in use. That he succeeds is with-
out question, for we have a neia;hbor— a new begin-
ner, who has introduced two safely the first time try-
ing. Of course we refer to virgin queens that are
several days old. We have a few times succeeded,
but again they would be killed at once, every time.

The plan of sawing stuff for frame and section box-
es by cutting off a bundle of the sticks at once, was
suggested by friend Doolittle •when here. We im-
proved on the idea by using bands of stout paper so
that the pieces ■were securely bundled ready to ship
after they were sawed off. When ■we began to put the
sections together by grooving, tbis proved a very
great saving oi labor.

The Adams, American and United States Express
Go's have made an arrangement whereby queens
may be sent on any of the above lines at a cost of 10c
only. Charges to be prepaid the same as postage,
namely, one cent per ounce; but nothing carried lor
less than lu cents. If lost, the Co. will be responsible
to the amount of Si. 00 only. Where postmasters will
not receive queens, this arrangement will jjfobablj'
be of much benefit.

As we have now over 2,000 subscribers, and give
away as sample copies over 1,000 more each month,
we have thought best to advance our rates for adver-
tising to 20c. per line. As we receive no advertise-
ments of patent medicines, patent bee hives, or any-
thing else that might mlsleaU or (llsappoint our cus-
tomers, we do not think the price unreasonable, if It
should result in a dropping off" of our ads., we will
give you more pages of reading matter, that is all.

PRODUriNG HONEY, &c.

flHE question "How do bees reduce their honey
as gathered from the flowers, to the nice ripe
. honey we lind alter it is tealed over?" was

brought up at the North Eastern Kee Convention.
We gave our exyjerlments In the matter, but as It was
generally thought to be some of Doollttle's nonsense,
we would like to give them here, so as to have the
readers of Gleanings experiment and see if wo are
correct. All bee-keepers can tell whether their bees
are getting honey or not by the r.iarlng made by
them at night, as bees only make this roaring while
reducing their honey. Let two or three days of rain
succeed a plentiful honey harvest and all roaring
ceases with the night of the third.

Our experiments have led us to the conclusion that
all honey brought In from the fields by the outside la-
borers is given to the young bees, taken Into their
honey sacks, and if more is gathered than their sacks
can contain, it is deposited in the cells till night, and
then evaporated down ; although the evaporation Is
going on to some extent during the day time. At
night all hands Join, from the outside laborers with
jagged wings down to bees but a day or so old, and
the honey or thin sweet is taken into the honey sack,
thrown out on the proboscis, drawn back in again,'
and so on until by the heat of the hive these sma'!!
particles of honey are bronght to the right consisten-
cy, when it is deposited in the cells. In order to dO'
this the bees bang loosely so that when the proboscis
is thrown out it shall not hit another bee or the combs
or hive. Many a night have we watched their opera-
tions, and by the light of a lamp you can see the little
drops of nectar sparkle as it is thrown out on the pro-
boscis and drawn in again. When honey is coming
in slowlj- j-oti will not be likely to see this process-
All, doubtless, have observed that when bees are get-
ting honey plentifully it shakes readily from the
combs at night, while in the morning belore the bees
go into the fields not a particle can be shaken from
the combs.

HOW TO KEEP PURE STOCK WITH NATURAL
SWARMING.

N'ovice asks us to tell how we keep our stock pare
with natural swarming. Of course all know that al!
drones should be reared from the best queens yow
have in your yard, carefully excluding all drone
comb from hybrid or black stocks. We usually have
three or four queens or perhaps a dozen between
which there is but little difference. We get some one
of these stronger than the rest by means of that di-
vision board, or by giving frames of hatching broocS
so that they shall swarm a little first and give us good
cells. Now, as soon as a hybrid stock swarms we gc>
to this hive, get a queen cell, insert it in their combs
and cut off all other cells, if we wanted after swarms
with pure queens we would put in two or three cells.
The other pood stocks will swarm along as you want
cells, or if the cells were not quite ready when the
first hybrid stock swarmed wait till they are, ami
when j'ou insert the cell cut off all cells In the hybrid
stock. If we had but one queen we should have to
raise most ol the cells artificially and insert them in
the same way.

O. W. Parker asks, page 163, "Is not tlte reason of
Mr. Doolittle's success with box honey that he redu-
ces the brood nest to the capacity of the qneen?'"
Exactly friend P., and this is another of Doolittle's
hobbies ; but it you will ride on such a hobby you
will find it will tiirn out more honey than any yon
ever rode. If we were to work fur extracted hon-
ey we should work on the same plan, that is. have
the queen keep the combs she occupies full of brood,
and Keep her eggs out of the combs we extract from.
If a queen will keep but five frames filled with brood,
have it in just those five frames and not scattered
over ten or more. G. M. Doolittle.

iiorodino, N. Y., June 4th, 1877.

I^erlainlng to Bee Cxiltxire.

[We respectfully solicit the aid of our friends in
conducting this department, and would consider it
a favor to liave them send us all circulars that have
a deceptive .a])pearance. The greatest care will l)e at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being done
any one.]

s^iNCLOSED are stamps for Gleanings— June No.
wrj/i] Should I decide to go into the business shall be-
<-—^ come a subscriber. In your May No. you speak
of a Mrs. Lizzie Cotton. I have every reason to fear
that I am one of her victims to the amount of $20.00 as
she doesn^t fuljiU. Had 1 seen your article before
sending the money I should not "have sent It, or had
any business transaction with her. I shall write lier
again very soon, and If she falls to do as she positively
jtromised I shall pronounce her a fraud, and hope
she may be published to the world, that others may
not be deceived, and lose bv her as 1 undoubtedly
shall. Mrs. A. K. Tuthill.

East Cleveland, Ohio, June 2-2d, 1877.

The money is lost without question unless
j'ou have a better faculty thau we have, of
making her give it ujj.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

181

AXffCrZIlL or £££8. I confess I do
not like the term "anj^er," when applied to
bees, and it almost makes me angry wlien I
liear people speak of tlieir being "mad," as
if they were always in a towering rage, and
delight in inflicting exquisite pain on ev-
erytliing and everybody coming near them.
l]ees are on the contrary, tlie pleasantest,
mtist sociable, genial and good natured little
fellows one meets in all animated creation,
when one inulerstands them. Why, we can
tear their beautifnl comb all to bits right be-
fore their very eyes, and without a particle
of resentment, but with all the patience in
the world they will at once set to work to
repair it, and that too without a word of re-
monstrance. If you pinch them, they will
sting, and any body that has energy enough
to take care of himself, would do as much
had he the weapon.

We as yet know very little of bees com-
paratively, and the more we learn, the easier
we find it to be to get along without any
clashing in regard to who shall be master.
In fact, we take all their honey now, almost
as fast as they gather it, and even if we are
so thOTightless as to starve them to death,
no word of complaint is made.

We should try to bear in mind that a sin-
gle bee, bears much the same relation to the
colony, as does one of our lingers or toes, to
us. If somebody carelessly or purposely
'I)inches a toe or finger, self preservation de-
mands that we make him stop, and if you
crush a bee, the whole hive remonstrates
and threatens ; in fact they do this if you i
only give them reason to think they may be i
in danger of injury. Your business is to as-
sure them by your cavefid and gentle move-
ments that they need fear no injury from i
you, and then you will find them very pa- i
tient. and as tractable as any of our domestic ;
animals. I

There are a few circumstances, under
which bees. seem "cross," and although we :
may not exactly be able to account for it, !
we can take precautions to avoid these un-
pleasant features by a little care. A few [
years ago a very intelligent friend procured I
some Italians, an extractor, »&c., and com-
menced bee culture. He soon learned to
handle them, and succeeded finely ; when it ,
came time to extract, the whole business
went on so easily, that they were surprised
at what had been said about experienced
hands being needed to do the work. They |
had been in the habit of doing this work ;
towards the middle of the day, while the I
great mass of the bees were in the fields, as I

I had directed, Init in the midst of a heavy-
yield of clover honey, when tlie liives were
full to overflowing, they were one day
stoi)ped by a heavy tliunder shower. This
of course drove the bees home, and at tlie
same time washed the ii'oney out of the l)los-
sonis so completely that tliey had nothing to
do but remain in the hives until more was
secreted. Not so witii their energetic and
enthusiastic owners ; as soon as the rain liad
ceased, tlie hives were again opened and an
attempt rnade to take out the frames, as but
an hovu- before, but the bees that were all
gentleness before, 'seemed possessed of the
very spirit of mischief and malice, and when
all hands had been severely stung, they con-
I eluded that prudence was the better i)art of
valor and stopped operations for the dayl
AVliile loads of honey were coming in all the
while, and every bee rejoicing, none were
disposed to be cross, but after the shower,
all hands were standing around idly, and
when a hive was opened, each was ready to
take a grab from his neighbor, and the re-
sult was a free fight in a very short time. I
know of nothing in the world that will in-
duce bees to sting witli such wicked reck-
lessness, as to have them get to quarreling
over combs or honey that are left exposed
when they have nothing to do. - From a lit-
tle carelessness in this respect, and nothing
else, I have seen a whole apiary so demoral-
ized that people were stung when passing
along tlie street several rods distant. Du-
ring the middle of the day when bees were
busily engaged on the flowers, during a good
yield, I have frequently left filled combs
standing on the top of a hive from noon un-
til supper time without a bee touching them,
but to do this after a hard rain, or at a time
when little or no honey was to be gathered
in the fields, might result in the ruin of sev-
eral colonies, and you and your t)ees being
voted a nuisance by the whole neighborhood.
Almost every season we get more or less
letters complaining that the bees have sud-
denly become so cross as to be almost un-
manageable, and these letters come along
in July, after the clover and linden have be-
gun to slack up. The bees are not so very
imlike mankind after all, and all you have
to do is to avoid opening the hives for a few
days, until they get used to the sudden dis-
appointment of having the avenues through
which they were getting wealth so rapidly,
cut off. After a week or ten days, they will
be almost as gentle as in the times when
they gathered a half gallon of honey daily,
if you are only cr.reful about leaving liives

182

GLEA^IXGS IN BEE CULTURE.

July

apsn tocv long, or leaving any bits of honey
or comb about.

Within a few f3?t of n>6 sits a yoiui^ nr.in
who once laiijlisci abant being afraid of
bees, and ommenced work in tiie apiary
with such an earnest gootl will that I had
high aspirations for hint. One beautiful
morning he was tacking rab]jets into the
hives in front of the door to the lioney bouse,
whistling away, as happy as the bees that
were humming so merrily alx>ut his head.
Pretty soon I saw some honey and bits of
combs that had dropped froa> one of tlie
hives, scattered about on the ground. I told
him he had better stop and clean it up, or
he wovdd certainly get stung ; as tlie bees
seemed very peaceable while licking it up,
he thought he would let them have it, in
spite of my warning. After they had taken
all the honey they began buzzing about for
more, and not tinding any, in a very ungen-
erous way commenced stinging him for his
kindness. His lesson was a more severe one
than I had expected for they not only drove
him from the apiary that morning, but I
fear for all time to come, for although years
have passed, he has never since wanted any-
thing more to do with bees. I regret that
he did not at the time also leam the folly of
insisting on leaving his own way.

I can not tell you, at iiresent, why bees
sting so coolly and vindictively just after
having had a taste of stolen sweets, yet
nearly all the experience I have had of
trouble with stinging, has been from this
very cause. Bees from colonies that have a
habit of I'obbing, will buzz about ones ears
and eyes for hours, seeming to delight in
making one nervous and fidgety, if they
succeed in so doing, and they not only threat-
en, but oftentimes inflict the most painful
stings, and then buzz about in an infuriated
way, as if frantic because unable to sting
you a dozen times more after their sting is
lost, The colonies that furnish this class of
bees are generiilly hybrid, or perhaps black
bees having just a trace of Italian blood.
These bees seem to liave a perfect passion
for following you about, and buzzing before
your nose from one side to the other (until
you get cross-eyed in trying to follow their
erratic oscillations) in a way that is most es-
pecially provoking. One such colony an-
noyed us so much wliile extracting, that we
killed tlie queen altliough she was very pro-
lific, and substituted a full blood Italian.
Although it is seldom a pure Italian follows
one about in the manner mentioned, yet an
occasional colony may contain bees that do

it ; at least we have found such, where the
woricers wer3 all three bandecL Tliat it is
passible to have an apiary without any such
disagreeable bees, we Imve several times
demonstrated, bvit oftentimes you wUl have
to discard some of yoiu' very best honey
gatlierers, to be entkely rid of them.

With a little practice the apiarist will tell,
as six)n as he comes near tlue apiary whetlier
any angry bees are about, by the high key-
note they utter, when on tlie wing. It is
well known that with meal feeding we have
perfect tranquility although bees from every
hive in the apiary may be working on a
square yard of nieaL Xow shoidd we sub-
stitute honey for the meal, we should liave a
perfect " row," for a tiiste of lioney found in
the open air dmang a dearth of pasturage^
or at a time when yoiu" bees have learned to»
get it by stealing instead of honest industry
seems to have the effect of settijig every bee
crazy. In some experiments to determine
how and why tliis result came about, we had
considerable experience with angry bees»
After tliey had been robbuig, and had be-
come tranquil, we tried theiu with (by sug-
ar ; the quarrelsome bees fought about it
for a short time, but soon resmued their reg-
ular business of hanging about the well filled
hives trying to creep into every crack and
crevice and nmking themselves generally
disagreeable all rouncL If a hive was to be
oi>ened, they were into it almost before the .
cover was I'aised, and then resulted a pitched
battle between them and the imuates ; the
oi)erator Avas sure to be stung by one or
both parties, and pretty soon some of the
good people in-doors would be asking what
in the world made the bees so awful cross,
saying that they even ciinie in-doors and
tried to sting. Now why coidd they not
work i)eac3ably on the sugar as they do on
the meal, or the clover blossoms in June ^
We dampened the sugar with a sprinkler,
and the bees that were at work on it soon
started for home with a load ; then began
the high key note of robbing, faintly at first,
then louder and louder, until I began to be
almost frightened at the mischief that might
ensue. When the dampness was all licked
up, they soon subsided into tlieir usual con-
dition. The effect of feeding honey in the
open air, is very much worse than from feed-
ing any kmd of syrup, and syrup from white
sugar incites robbing in a much greater de-
gree than that from brown sugar ; the latter
is so little relished by tliem that they only
use it wlien little else is to be found. It is
by tlie use of damp brown sugar that we get

1877,

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

183

aid of the greater part of what are usually
teruied angry bees, or bees that prefer to
prowl i\>u!ij<l, robbniig and stmging, rather
than gather honey ''all the day" as the gi'eat-
•er part of tlie. population of the apuiry does.
The sugar should be located several rods
uiway, ai\d shoxdd be well protected from the
Taiw, but In -su<;li a way as to allow tlie bees
to have tree access. When no flowers axe
in bloom, they will work on it in great nuin-
i)ers, but when honey is to be found, you
will see none bxit tlie prowling robbers round
it. These you will very soon notice, are
juostly cojnnion bee« and those having a
very little Italian bkwd. We have seen
Itiilians storing honey in boxes, while the
■common l>ees did nothing but work in the
sugar baiTels. "Wliere yon work without a
veil, it is very convenient to have these an-
noying bees out of the way, and even if they
belong to our neighbor, we prefer to fur-
liish them with all the cheap sugar they can
lick lap.

Tlie i^marte that have been made nre
|)articularly for large apiiuies ; where one
.has only a single hive and no neighbors who
keep bees, tlie case is something like Rob-
inson Ciiisoe on the Island ; no cluuice for
stealing, and conse<iuently nothing to be

quite sure he succeeded, but after examin-
ing into the matter it was found that the
queens got out and took tlieir flight in the
lusual Avay thiougli the passage that was left
for the worker bees, he having l)ased his
calculations on tlie oft rei)eate(l statement
that a queen could not pass through a pas-
sage 5-'S2 of an inch in width. Tlie queen
just before lier tlight, is very slender, and
will get through a passage that an ordinary
laying queen would not, and those who
claimed to have succeeded, being rather
careless titeervei-s, might have supposed
that tlie fertilization had in reality taken
place in the hive. Again, one of those who
claimed to have succeeded states tliat a
queen will always take exercise in the open
air, after slie has been fertilized in contine-
ment ; this seems to render the whole mat-
ter ridiculous, esi)ecially if she takes this
flight before she commences to lay. About
the year 1870, hundreds of bee-keepers were
busily at work, trying this project \\itli a
view of keeping the Italian blood in a state
of aljsolute purity, in neighborhoods where
black or common bees were kept in consid-
erable nunibere ; and tlie subject affords a
fair illustration of the mischief which may
be done by careless or unscrupulous persons.

■cross abont. Bees are seldom cixiss or an- | in reporting through the press, what has

gry, nnless tlrroi'.gh some faidt or careless-
ness of your own.

/iM.TlTMSIIL-L CCl^EB. Altliough
several tittempts have l)een made to make
>eonib for the bees of full depth of cell, we
3)elieve all have resulted in failures ; the

been guessed at rather than demonsti-ated
by careful experiment.

Taking into view the in and in breeding
that would have resulted had the experi-
ments really been a success, it is doubtful if
it would have been a benefit after all.

bees ■either refusing to uvse them, or gnawing 1 Wb.en it was found that the Italians speedi-

them down, and building then- own in place.
If given the base of the cell, however, with
•only shallow walls of such depth that the
bees can reach to the bases with their nian-
•dibles so as to shape and tliin tlie bottom as
they wish before the walls are raised, the
case is quite ditfei'ent, for they aa"e used then
as readily perhaps as their own natural
comb, as has been abundantly proven by
the co>rB t-oitndation, which see.

AB.TIPICIAL FERTILIEATIOlSr. Much
time and money has l>een expended in Anre
cloth houses, and glass tixi;ures'to accom-
plish tliis result, the more perhaiis because
a few sanguine individuals imagined they
had succeeded in having the queens meet
the drones in continement, thus securing tlie
advantage of choice drones as Avell as queens
to rear stock from. As several years have
pa.ssed, and no one has succeeded in verify-

i ly became hybrids where so many black bees
were ail about us, as a matter of necessity
' frequent importations from Italy began to
! be made, and wlien it was discovered that
I stock fresh from their native home at once
showed tiiemselves sujierior honey gather-
1 ere, the business assumed considerable pix)-
1 portions and now almost every ai)iaiist of
' 50 hives, has an imported queen of his own
to rear queens from. This has the effect of
not only giving i;s the best stock known,
but of giving fi-equeiit fresh strains of blood,
and is perhaivs very much better all ai-ound.
than it would have been IuhI artificial fertil-
ization been a success.

ir:^^ZriC2^Ia '^STM.T. As strong
colonies early in the season, are the ones
that get the honey and furnish the early
swarms as well and are in f:ict the real
source of piT)tit t(^ the bee-keeper, it is not

ing their experiments, we .shall have to con- j to ])e wondered at that much time and mon-
<iude it was all a mistnke. A friend was I ey h<\s been spent in devising ways and

184

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

July

means whereby all might Ije brought up to
the desired strength in time for the first
yield of clover honey. As market gardeners
and others hasten the early vegetables by
artificial heat, or by taking advantage of the
sun's rays by means of green houses, «&c., it
would seem that something of the kind
might be done with bees ; in fact we have
by the aid of glass, and the heat of a stove,
succeeded in rearing young bees every
month in the year, even while the weather
was at zero or lower outside ; but so far as
we can learn, all artificial work of this kind,
has resulted in failure, so far as profit is
concerned. The bees, it is true, learned to
fly under the glass and come back to their
hives, but for every bee. that was raised in
confinement, two or three were sure to die,
from one cause or another, and we at length
decided it was best to wait for summer
weather, and then take full advantage of it.

Later, we made experiments with artific-
ial heat while the bees were allowed to fly
out at pleasure, and although it seemed at
first to have just the desired effect, so far as
hastening brood rearing was concerned, the
result was in the end, just about as before ;
more bees were hatched, but the unseasona-
ble activity or something else killed off
twice as many as were reared, and the stocks
that were let alone in the good old way, came
out ahead. >Since then we have ratlier en-
deavored to check very early brood rearing,
and with, we believe, better results.

A few experiments with artificial heat,
have, apparently succeeded, and it may be
that it will eventually be made a success ;
but our impression is, that we had much
better turn our energies to. something else,
until we have settled warm weather. Pack-
ing the hives with chatt\ sawdust, or any
other warm dry porous material, so as to
economize the natiu-al.heat of the cluster,
seems to answer the purpose much better,
and such treatment seems to have none of
the objectionable features that working
with artificial heat does. The chaff needs
to be as close to the bees as possible : and to
this end, we would have all the combs re-
moved except such as are needed to hold
their stores. Bees thus prepared seem to
escape all tJie ill effects of frosty nights
in the early part of the season, and we ac-
complish for brood rearing, exactly what
was hoped for by the use of artificial heat.

For the benefit of those who may be in-
clined to experiment, I would state that I
covered almost our entire apiary with
manure on the plan of a hot l>ed. one s[)ring.

and had the satisfaction of seeing almost all
die of spring dwindling. At anotlier time I
kept the house apiary warmed up to a sum-
mer temperature with a large oil lamp, for
several weeks, just to have them beat those
out of doors. The investment resulted in
losing nearly all in the house apiary with
spring dwindling, while those outside stayed
in their hives as honest bees should, imtil
settled warm weather, and then did finely
just Ijecause I was "too busy to take care of
them" (V) as I then used to express it. Af-
ter you have had experience enough to count
your profitable colonies by the hundred, and
your crops of honey by the ton, it will do
very well to experiment with green houses
and cold frames, but beginners had better
let such appliances alone unless they have
plenty of money to spare for more bees.

Since icriting "alighting boards" ive
have devised the following :

To those who insist on the three cornered
blocks and a board in front, for door step,
we offer the following to be attached to any
hive having a movable bottom. Get out of
a I board a piece -If inches wide, and as -long
as the width of the front of your hive. Now.
a piece of the same length, and width, but
only f thick ; nail these together as shown
in the accompanying cut :

ALIGTING i;OAHD, DETACHABLE.

The thick piece being nailed into the edge
of the tliin one. The three cornered pieces
are to be nailed on the top of both, and their
shape and dimensions will be seen at a
glance ; they are to be only f thick, for the
entrance is contracted and enlarged by mo-
ving the hive backward or forward on the
bottom board, and we wish tliem so that no
mice can get in under any circumstances.
When the entrance is very large as in the
summer time, the l^ees gain access by crawl-
ing up the sides of these blocks, and to fa-
cilitate this, we have blocks sawed on a bev-
el. This is very quickly and nicely done by
cutting a square board from one corner to
tlie other as in the diagram.

-HA

now TO SAW THE EXTKAKCE BLOCKS.

Tlie dotted line represents the course of

1877,

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

185

the saw. Now to produce the bevel, one
"f'orner of our square board, say A, is to be
raised about two inches, while the opposite
•corner U, lies on the saw table ; this is eas-
ily done by a strip under A, that slides
5iffainst the gauge while the saw cuts through
<)n the dotted line.

This alighting board guides the bees into
the entrance, there are no loose blocks to be
scattered about in the summer and get lost,
it can be put on or taken off from any bot-
tom board by turning two screws, and it
Avill not permit storms to beat in at the en-
trance, even if no portico be used, for the
top of the entrance blocks, is on a level
with the bottom of the hives. We would
bank up with sawdust that the bees might
get in easily, even if they fell a foot or two
short of the hive when coming in.

These alighting boards can be furnished
well made and neatly painted, for about ten
iL-ents each.

PORTICO FOR HIVES.

Although no one has ever given a satis-
factory reason for encumbering a hive with
u portico, that we know of, still there are
many who can not be satisfied without them.
One of our neighbors says they make a com-
fortable shade for the bees wlien hanging on
the outside of the hive ; very likely he is
right, and we do not know that we care to
-argue the ni'.tter with him, but we should
prefer making the bees comfortable on the
inside of their hive where they might be en-
rgaged in some such pastime as building
«'(^mb, &c. If the portico is to be added for
ornament, we Avoixld make one that was or-
namental, and woidd only put it on the
hives in the front yard, or those in a centi'al
or conspicuous part of the api;)ry, but would
?)y no means think of encuml)ering the whole
of them, upper stories and all. with such an
?mwieldy appendage. The Simplicity hive
is for real work, and occupies just the small-
■est amount of space possible, consistent with
this end in view ; and if we are going to
make it ornamental, it should be by adding
.something that can be taken off whenever
occasion demands. To this end I have de-
vised the portico shown below.

The top and sides, are made of a strip of |
pine sawed nearly through and bent where
the angles come, thus giving us neat joints
at a small expense. The scroll work under-
neath, to which the above is nailed, can be
sawed from a i board by almost any of the
scroll sawing machines that are now in such
connuon use. The whole is attached to the
front of the hive by a couple of screws.
AVIien it is kept free from spider's webs and
nicely painted, I confess that the bees walk-
ing about their doorway underneath, present
a very pretty appearance. When dust or
webs accumulate, the screws may be tinned
partly to allow of its being taken off, and
tJioroughly brushed, or even washed if need
be. Nothing can be considered ornamental
about an apiary, that is not neat and tidy.
These porticos can be Avell mttde and neatly
painted, for about 25 cents.

POETILO. I>ETA( IIAIU.E.

Li order to stem, if ijossihje, the current of in-
quiries in regard to queen rearing etc., zee have
taken the liberti/ of juynping ahead n little, ttrti-
ixrrarih/.

QU13ESr ri^EAHirr^. it Ims been
said that wax and honey are the merchant-
able products of the apiary, but ever since
the advent of the Italians there has been a
constant call for queens, far ahead of the
supply; and if we were asked what product
of the apiary would l)ring cash quickest and
surest, we would unhesitatingly say '' dol-
lar queens." It nuiy be well to explain here
that a dollar queen is one that has been
reared from a pure mother, and has just com-
menced to lay. She may prove to be pui;ely
fertilized, and slie may not, but the apiarist
for this low price, guarantees nothing, more
than that she has been raised from a pure
mother. Neitiier does he guarantee safe de-
livery as a general thing ; the transaction is
supposed to be something as if you were
standing by his side, and he should open a
hive and say :

'• There is a queen that was reared from
brood from a pure motlier; she has com-
menced laying as you see, but I know noth-
ing of the kind of bees she may produce.
You can take her just as she is for Sl.CO. but
at the price I can be in no way responsible
farther."

As the demand is usually far. in advance
of the sui)ply, the conscientious apiarist can
only fill orders in their turn, and this lias
been another cause for dissatisfaction, on
account of the delays that seem unavoidable,
especially in the spring when everybody is
wanting them right away. I do not mean to
blame tho.se wlio want them at once, for it is

186

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

July

my disposition exactly, to want a thing as
soon as I have paid for it.

If you can raise good dollar queens, you
can certainly raise good tested ones, for a
tested (jueen is notliing more than one that
has proved herself prolific and purely fertil-
ized. The test of purity generally recog-
nized is that the workers show plainly the
three yellow bands that are characteristic of
the Italians.

There are ever so many ways of forming
nuclei for queen rearing, but after having
tried pretty thoroughly almost or quite all of
them, I shall advise separate hives for each
nucleus. If you are simply increasing your
stock, use a new hive for each colony, but if
you wish to add to yoiu" income by rearing
queens for sale, I would advise a two comb
hive for the purpose. These are made much
like the Simplicities only that they are 3i
inches wide inside instead of 14i. For light-
ness, we will make the sides of t stuff. For
reasons to be explained we will have the
cover shut over the hive like the cover of a
tool chest, and loose enough to slip over the
bottom also, without sticking, for we can
have no pulling and jerking about bee hives,
even though they are '' little ones."

Those who have tried queen rearing, have
peirhaps found it tiresome business to stoop
so much as is required in looking over so
many little hives. To remedy this, we will
.have them fastened to the grapevine trellises
as shown in the following cut :

SIMPLICITY HIVE, NUCLEUS HIVE, PORTICO.
ALIGHTING BOARD, ETC.

This brings them at a convenient height
to work easily ; we certainly would not
wish to encoiu-age any one in being lazy, but
apiarists do sometimes get tired, and find it
quite a relief to sit down for a moment or
two, and the hive right below the nucleus,
we find very convenient.

In inserting queen cells, putting in brood,
etc., we also find the top of the hive quite a
convenience. These nuclei are shaded by
the broad leaves of the grapevines, and are
held from being blown down by the wind by
a screw put through the upper strip into the
side of the hive ; when a nucleus is to be
sold, the screw is turned out enough to re-
lease it, the cover put under the hive, clos-
ing the entrance, a wire cloth cover tacked
over the top, and it is all ready fcr the ex-
press office. It may be well to remark here
that nothing will insure careful handling like
leaving the top of the hive so that every one
that takes hold of the hive can see the bees
plainly through the wire cloth. You may
label a box "glass," "handle with care,"
" right side up," and as much more as you
like, and it will not be half so plain to the
railroad and exi)ress men, as the sight and
sound of the bees buzzing right under their
noses.

When you have your nuclei all fixed, each
one neatly painted — see paint for hives-
white, and supplied with a queen register
card, you are to set about peopling the little
boxes. If you commence this work during
a good yield of honey, you will very likely
get along finely, but if at a time when the
bees are disposed to robbing, you may have
all sorts of trouble. You can have your
queen cells raised in these little hives if tlie y
are well peopled with bees, but as a general
tiling we would prefer having it done by a
strong colony.

HOW TO GET GOOD QUEEN CELLS.

To rear good healthy long lived queens,
we want tlie larva- to have an abmidance of
the milky food prepared by the nurse bees,
and we wish them to have it from the time
they are first hatched from the egg, until
they are sealed up as a queen cell. If you
will examine the minute larvae of dilferent
hives, you will discover a vast difference in
the amomit of food given to the infant bee? .
With a new swarm we will find the first lar-
va^ that hatches is fed so profusely that they
look almost like the inmates of queen cells,
because the nurse bees are far in excess of
the work that is to be done by them, but af-
ter tlie combs are filled witli eggs, such is
not the case. We can bring about this re-

I

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

187

suit at any time by taking all tlie brood away
from any colony, and jjiving them only <me
comb containing tliis small larvie, and this
is just what we want for queen-rearing.
The secret of being able to send larvie for
(lueen rearing safely by mail, consists in
sending sucli as have this excess of food in
the cells, for if the weather is not too cool,
tiiey will grow and thrive for two or three
days, just as well, for aught I know, as if
they were in the parent hive ; when the food
is all consumed, they must starve, and this
illustrates the necessity of getting them into
a hive of bees just as soon as they are re-
ceived. It has been said that queens reared
during the time of natural swarmi)ig are su-
perior, but I think by securing this abund-
ance of food in the way indicated, we can
have them equally as good at any season
when bees are Hying freely. True it is some
trouble to remove all the brood combs from
a strong colony, and we therefore move the
colony hive and all, putting a new hive con-
taining our choice larvae in its stead. This
plan has never failed to give us fine queen
cells, and queens that were prolific and long
lived ; and it is so quickly done that a lot 6i
cells may be started every few days during
the season. Unless the new hive looks much
like the old one, the bees may but few of
them go into it, especially if the old one is
set so near at hand that they succeed in find-
ing it. Tills is an additional reason for hav-
ing your hives all just alike. We usually
place the removed hive at an opposite side
of the apiary.

WHEN TO CUT OUT THE QUEEN CELLS.

A queen is hatched in just 16 days from
ttie time the egg is laid, as a general rule ;
therefore we must take measures to have tlie
cells cut out before this time. The egg
hatches into the minute larviie, in just about
three days, and if you have used these, you
are to cut out your cells on the 12 th day after
you moved the colony. If you use a comb
containing larvai of all ages, the bees will be
pretty sure to use some that are 6 days old,
in which c ise you may have queens hatching
by the 10th after the larvae was given them,
aiid they mai/ get out a young queen as soon
as the 9th. It is these queens that are
hatched on the 9th or 10th day, that we have
reason to fear may be short lived ; hence our
warning to give them nothing for starting
queen cells but larvae so small as to be just
A isible to the naked eye. You will get these
''y putting an empty comb between two
brood combs, as we have before directed,
until the eggs laid by the queen have just
connnenced to hatch. A frame of founda-
tion answers nicely.

HOW TO CUT OUT THE QUEEN CELLS.

Provide yourself with a very thin narrow
bladed pen-knife, and be sure that it is just
as shar]) as you can make it. If you have a
dull knife and it is necessary to cut between
two cells that are very close, you will very
likely break one or both oi)en. and then the
bees will be very apt to tear them down.
Cut them all out but one, and do it nicely.
If they are not too close together give con-
siderable room around the base or part that

is attached to the comb.

We will suppose yon have secured a fine
lot of cells, have succeeded in (aitting them
out nicely, and have them all shut up in a
little box where robber bees may not be try-
ing to steal the honey tiiat may liave been
started running in the operation of cutting
them out. Do not let the robbers discover
that honey may be i)ilfered by following you
around, or you may receive some stinging
lessons as a punishiiient for not being neat
and cleanly iu your work.

The little hives, w(> will suppose, are se-
curely fastened on their shelves, and are all
ready for their occupants. Go to any strong
colony and gently lift out one of the central
combs. This you can do by sliding the
frame on each side a little away from it, or
if the combs are crannned with honey, you
may find it necessary to push a second or a
third one back a little. You can make room
to take out the first one quietly, in almost
any hive, if you manage properly. Now we
rather wish to find the (jueen, if we can by
not taking too much time, and so we look
over every comb carefully as we lift it out.
If you do not find her on the first comb, put
it in one of the little hives and take another.
Proceed in this way until you have removed
all the brood combs. As soon as you have
found the queen, you are to put her with the
comb she is on, iu an empty hive. Now you
can insert a cell in each comb as fast as you
take them from the hive, and then ])lace the
comb cell and all, in your nucleus hive. If
the comb contains hatching brood, the one
will be sufficient, but if the brood is partly
unsealed you had better put another beside
it, or the brood may be chilled cool nights.
You will probably make 5 good nuclei out of
a fair colony, the bees that are in the fields
will make another good one. and the old
queen with her one comb still another. If
you do not find the old queen, divide the
hive all the same, but do not insert any
queen cells imtil you find her. If yaw are so
unlucky as to not find her at all, wait until
the next morning, and then insert queen
cells iu all that have started some of their
own, for it is a sure indication of queenless-
ness to find a nucleus building queen cells.
Mark this, for I shall refer to it again.

nOAV TO INSERT A QUEEN CELL.

The di'avving abo\ e will probably make it

188

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

July

all plain, without much exi>lanation. Your
cells must be tjtted in nicely, and pretty s?-
curely, or the bees will tumble them down
to the bottom of the hives, for they are (piite
inquisitive in regard to the way things are
done in their homes, I onc3 thought I liad
made quite a discovery when I foimd that
cells could be hatched safely by laying them
just mider the quilt on the top of the frames,
or even at the entrance during very warm
weather, but I soon found that a nmcli larg-
er part were torn down, than if they were
nicely inserted in the midst of the brood.
Where it can be done, I always insert a cell
in place of one they have built in, and I have
never found sucii ones destroyed. A cell
that has been broken open in cutting apart,
will usually be destroyed, but not always.

If your cells w'ere cut oiit at just about the
proper time, you will very likely find same
of the queens hatched by the next day, and
in ten days more on an average, they will be
laying. I took a dollar (pieen froni one of
these nuclei just ten days ago, inserting
a queen cell at the time, and to-day the new
queen is laying. Now 100 of these little
hives would at this rate give us 10 laying
queens per day, and I think that an apiarist
should consider it fair wages, even if half
the wliole number were lost, in different
ways ; and one person can veiy easily take
care of 100, if he will follow tlie directions I
shall give.

When I first conunenced queen reanng, I
thought it necessary to lumt up the young
queens every time a cell was found open, or
every time 1 looked into their liives — which
by the way was about every day, and some-
times oftener. If you are keeping bees just
for the fun of it, it may do to spend a quar-
ter of an hour looking for a queen just to
see if she is a nice one, but if you are trying
to show your friends wlio worry about the
time you " fuss with your bees'' that there
are dollars in the business, you need never
see your queens at all until you wish to send
them off. After inserting the cells, yoii
have notliing more to do with them for about
three days, and then you should provide
yourself "with a fresli lot of cells, and also
"with some pieces of comb containing larvse
just right for cjueen rearing. Take tlie hives
in regidar order and do not skip about. If
you find a cell oi)en at the end, your (jueen
'is probably all right,* and if there is no lar-
vaj in the hive, insert a piece; as soon as
anytlnng happens to a queen, they will start
queen cells on this brood, and therefore we
always look at this piece of brood instead of
looking for the queen. Should they by any
possibility rear a cpieen of their own, it wiil
always be from your choice brood. When
in your examinations you find, eggs in the
cells — your eyes will soon become sharpened
for these in'dications of greenbacks — you
will turn tlie queen register to laying, and
use her the first time you send otf cpieens.
As we wish to keep up the i»oi)ulation of
these little hives, it may be well to allow her
to fill up her two combs pretty well before

* If you find the cap hanfrinsr as in the cut, you
may be sure a queen has gnawed lier wav out : some-
times this cap sprinsrs back and the uovicf waits day
after day, while the nueen is running- about the
combs.

taking her out. When she is re moved, in-
sert a cell, and if all goes well you may have
another cpieen in the hive the next morning.
Always keep your queen register set, that it
mtiy show the state of affairs within, and be
sure the bees always have brood in their
combs, by giving them a fresh piece every
three or four days. If you are faithful in
this, you will never know an^'thing about
fertile 'workers, those pests of queen rearing.

CAUTION.

In selecting brood for queen reaiiiig, be
sure you have no drone larvae, for the bees
by some stran^-e i>erversion of instinct, will
very often build (pieen cells over tliem, re-
sulting always in nothing but a dead di-one.
The poor drone seems mtable to stand tli^
powerful dose of concentrated food that is
retpiired to perfect a ipieen from a workei"
larvse, and so dies wlien he is abotit half
grown. Should a queen cell have been start-
ed over a drone larvje, you can always tell
it from a good one by its smooth exterior,
while a genuine cell has a roughened sur-
face like the drawing we have ^iven.

If you suspect a cell is not going to hatch,
do not tear it down, but insert another one
beside it. If you have two or more, cells so
close together tliat they cannot be separated,
insert the wliole, and look often to them:,
yon can very often ' find the first one wliile
she is biting out, or so soon after she has
come out as to save • the others. We have
often by this means saved all of three that
were built close together.

For convenience of inserting brood so
many times, w^e use a sipiare '"cake cutter"
as it were; this is made of tin, with the
edges very sliaii). Press it in the comb far
enougli to mark it, and then you can cut out
pieces all of a size. ^\^ one piece always
goes in wiiere another comes c^ut, you can
keep all unsightly lioles in your combs closed
up, a.nd have no odd bits of comb lying about
the apiary.

We are to-day a family of 2,043. June 38th, 1877.

A SHEET of fdn. was put into a two frame nucleu.^
late Saturday evening-. Monday morning- it was a
beautiful sheet of worker comb! with every cell tilleiJ
withhoney. Great numbfrs of similar reports art-
received daily, an<Mt ma.\- transpire after all that ;:
sheet of fdn. is of more value to a bc'e-keeper than iui
empty natural com!) of the same size.

HOAV TO FASTEN THE SHEETS OF FOtlNDATION IN THK
BROOD FRAMES.

Cutaboai'd so that it will just slip inside your
frame, and then fasten cleats on the board so that it
may g-o into the I'raine ,iu<t half way and no farther ;
in other words, the board is to come vip inside the
frame just even with the comb g-uide. Have your
sheets of fdn. cut so as to leave ^i inch space at "each
end, and ^i inch at the bottom. Lay the sheet on the
comb guide, close up to the top bar. A short stia
piiinted l)ut<-Iier kiiite seems to be about the thing-to
fasten it with. Itij) the blade in honey, and "butter"
tlKMs'a.x to the ciinib guide. To prevent the sheet
slidiim- aloii'j-, >()u nni,'-;t rub it int;) the wood at: in-
ter\als b.\- dabs with the point of the knife, before
you can stroke it from one end to the other. This
last stroke is g'i',-en witli force enoug-h to sink the
point of the knife clear down to the wood, and makes
the wa.v as secure as cnulil p issiblj- be done by heat.
As the sheets can be jMit in at the'rate of four in a
minute, it is perhaps t)i-el'eralile to using- any kind of
machinerv, and we would ne\cr think of using- melt-
ed wa.v after having- ouce learned to work it on the
above plan. For section boxes, we Hnd nothing- tn
e(iual the plan g-iven with the samples we send out.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

180

fjRlEND NOVICE :— I shall have to plead guilty to
the charpe of inexreriencc in the dwindling biisi-
ness, as 1 have had but very little of it in my apia-
ry : although five of my nearest neighbors who keep bees,
and are living within from '20 rods to l,'-i miles, have lost
all they had during the last four seasons. Whether
the difference in the way in which my bees and theirs
have been wintered had anything to do with the differ-
ence in our losses, I can not of course tell, but I am in-
clined to think it had. All the dwindling 1 have had
since this subject has come up through the bee journals,
was one year ago last spring, and then it was jilainly trace-
able to the bees in the upper tier of hives getting out on
the floor, leaving too few bees i!i the hives to rear brood
as fast as they should, or to leaving some of them out of
doors during the cold weather in March, as I mentioned
in Gleanings one year ago.

This spring, a neighbor living three miles south, has
lost all his bees by dwindling, although he thought they
were in good condition the first of April; and another,
living 1>2 miles north has lost about half of his in the
same way. So please don't say that we don't have dwind-
line in this section.

Now 1 really did not say that a colony with young bees
does not dwindle, but that ji hive fv.ll of them does not do
so. There is a wide difference in the two expressions. A
colony may have some young bees in it, but not enough
to replace those that are lost, in which case it may
dwindle.

What you would call a fair colony, I might call a weak
one ; but there is not much chance for misunderstanding
each other when we speak of a hive full. If the colony
you mention as having a fair quantity of bees in March,
had brood in only three frames April '20th, I strongly sus-
pect it was what I should have called a rather weak
swarm, as I want my bees to have brood in from four to
seven frames the first of March. If they are as strong as
I hey should be in the fall, have good queens and plenty
of honey, it is no trouble to have that amount of brocd or
even more ; and that without the aid of a greenhouse.
Why friend X. if I had such a colony and they would not
rear brood in Jan. without a hothouse to help them, I
would trade them off for a patent moth trap, and then
present the trap to a man that wanted me to give him
five dollars for telling me to use a piece of leather for a
honey board.

'Tis true, ccilonies that commence breeding in January,
consume more honey than those that do not begm until
May ; but one of the first mentioned never dwindles, with
me, and is worth a half dozen of the latter for surplus
honey. The most honey I ever obtained from an old
stock was from one that swarmed May 1st. From the
old stock and increase I obtained •21() lbs. of box honey.
How much do you suppose I would have obtained if they
had not commenced bretding until May? I too, have
sometimes made good colonies of those that were queen-
less until nearly May, but they seldom .vield m.uch, if any
surplus that season, unless we have a good yield in the
fall, which is seldom the case here.

Tell those who use Harbison frames for svirplus, to cut
the nctc'i for the strip that holds them together, exactlj'
i:i the middle of the end pieces, then they can have the
lops all tight, and if they wish to tier them up, all they
have to do is to turn two or three of the sections in the
lower tier upside down.

In my article in June No. Gleanings, page 167, read
home apiary, instead of house apiary, and bee house in-
stead of bee houses ; and in that on page 167, instead of
swatm so poor, read season so poor.

James Bolin, West Lodi, O., June KSth, 1877.

We agree ver}' iiearly friend B., and if you
never have the dwindling to such an extent
that you can neither cure nor explain it, it
will be to us strong evidence that it is the
bee-keeper's fault. Perhaps you had better
talk with Doolittle.

We have three boxes and a barrel of beesvraxj but
"nary" scrap of paper or writing tells whom they are
from. Letters are at hand saying they have sent us
wax and asking for goods and money, but my friends,
if you will be so thoughtless, you will have to take
the consequences of the delay. While hunting all
over and about the packages for some clue, even a
pencil mark, we often feel as if we could "s/iafre" the
shipper for havi.ig caused us so much trouble, while
one single scratch of a pencil would have saved it all.

%md4 4 §mhh

From Different Fields.

LATE SWAKMS, &C.

HAVE one In particular that I hived the 17th of
Sept. last, a natural Ewarm, which has given mo
three good large ewarms ; one the 4'.h of June,
one 15th, one 17th, and it is likely to give me the
fourth in a day or two. How high is that for late
swarms ? I will have to differ with some

COXCEUNING DKONES.

I allow my bees to rear all they wish until the swarm-
ing season is over, then kill them off. Bv so doing I
have never lost but one queen and have kept my bees
as pure as the lirst queen I bought. I would rather
feed one peck of drones two months than lose one
queen. Besides, the woods are full of black bees liere
and they would mix much more. VVm. & S. A. Philp.
Clare, Clare County, Mich., June 17, 1877.

Although there is some truth in your posi-
tion, friend P., we think you go rather to an
extreme when you say you would rather feed
a peck of drones two months, than lose one
queen. They would perhaps need a dollar's
worth of honey, and an unfertile queen — how
is it, friends ? Is she fertile or unfertile, and
what is she worth? It may be worth our
while to "cipher out" just how maay drones
we can afford to furnish board and lodging,
while we are raising queens. If they do not
furnish enough naturally, just give us an or-
der, and we will give you a hive furnished en-
tirely with drone comb; a pair of rolls are
now being made, for drone fdn. You can then
set any queen you choose to supplying your
yard with drones.

The following carries its moral with it.

Enclosed find gl.50 for the Fan-mer^s Barn Book, ad-
vertised in your Dook list.

Yours Respectfully.

P. S.— I send this in common letter. You state in
Gleanings that letters containing small amounts of
money pass very safely through the mails. My ex-
perience has been quite difl'erent, having lost fully
one-half £ent in that way. C. W.

Clifton, Tenn., June 13th, 1877.

Nothing in the shape of a name could be
found either on the letter or envelope, except
the "C. W." We found on our mailing list a
name that we presume is the right one, but
had it not been for that, ^1.50 more would
have been lost. By the waj^ we have quite a
bundle of letters from unknown friends, and
as many of them contained money we presume
they too are complaining about the careless-
ness or dishonesty of some one. It really
makes one feel sad, to look over these letters
from some earnest hopeful worker and feel
that we are obliged to keep his money without
rendering him a single equivalent, just because
he forgot to sign his name. We have several
times written to the P. M. but it seldom does
any good. Sometimes we have neither town
nor state given, and last evening we received
a postal, without "ever a word on it at all,
at all."

Send 10 lbs. yellow comb fdn. by ^'■Lif/hlning Ex-
press.'''' Six square feet to the pound, cells worker
size. Bees swarming, make no delay; can not xuait.
Bees w'orking on the last 10 lbs. you sent me as readi-
ly as on natural combs.

White clover just commenced blossoming. Barber-
ry bushes plenty hero, been in bloom ten days. Bees
working on them. Don't know what they get. Tell
US what you know about them as honey producers.

Jekemv Lake, North ICaston, Mass., June Gth, '77.

Who will tell us ai>out barberry?

190

GLEANENGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

July

We .are having a tremendous yield of honey ; the
trees are almost dripping with honey dew. In my
particular neighborhood we have an abundance of
sour wood, and persirnmcni which will come in, in a
few days. The sour wood honey is very similar to
the linden. W. L. Mookes.

Elkmont Springe, Tenn., May 29th, '77.

Please let me know If section boxes can be nsed
without starters ; if so, how ?

David s. Sfringek, Berne, Ind., June 1st, '77.

Certainly they can be used, but if you suc-
ceed in getting the bees to work in them, you
Avould probably never get them apart without
breaking the combs, for they would build
across in all sorts of ways. The fdn. is to
make them start at once and to insure one
true comb in each frame. The separators are
to make the combs exactly of a thickness.

GOOD AND BAD WORK, AC.

I have been patronizing a home manufacturer for
some sectional frames and section boxes ; I am thor-
oughly disgusted with the rough things and have got
through. The hive and fixtures you sent me are O K.
The tinned duck to cover the frames is the most per-
fect lixture out of your shop. 1 have before me a
sample box from Messrs. Sayles of Hartford, Wis.
It is A No. 1. I am through patronizing hmnely work.
E. Hunter, Manchester, Mich., June 14th, '77.

It seems to be rather a hard matter to get
ordinary workers in wood to make smooth
work, and we have had much trouble ourselves
in getting the sections as we would lil<e to
have them ; in fact it is only once in a while
that we get a saw to cut just to suit us. The
saws must have very small fine teeth, such as
ordinary mill men seldom use, and they must
be put in order by an expert. Now if you
have nice clear tender pine, you can get nice
smooth woods. We now use lumber that cost
$31. per M. for sections, just to have them nice.
A really nice section box is a pleasure to look
at, but rough awkward twisted ones are
enough to turn all ones joys into sorrow.*, as
we know full well by bitter experience. We
agree with you about tin edged sheets of duck,
to cover the frames ; a colony of cross hybrids
may be shut up in second, without any danger
of killing a single bee, and as it keeps the bees
entirely away from the chaff cushions they
may be kept clean and soft.

WHITKWOOD, OR TULIP HONEY.

Bees are doing very well now; plenty of white clo-
ver, and whitewood trees are just beginning to blos-
som which makes the bees rather slight the clover. I
think those whitewood trees furnish most of our clo-
ver honey. S. H. Hough.

Rootstown, Ohio, June 12th, 1877.

My bees, 4 colonies, have built out the fdn. you sent
me and have it nearly lllled with white clover honey,
all in the upper stories. As both stories are crammed
full of bees, I suppose I sliall have to commence to di-
vide them soon and I will need more fdn.

Joseph Cook, Jackson, Mich., June 12th, 1877.

I had chaff cushions on all those in the house apia-
ry and I found they had more brood than the others.
I have 11(5 to commence the season with.

A. A. Rice, Seville, Ohio, April 18th, '77.

Bees doing linely ; went into winter quarters, or
rather liad on summer stands 128 stocks. First of
May found me with 12(i good stocks and two qneenless
ones. Bees have commenced swarming. Had one
swarm on the 14th of May and two on the IHtli which
is about three weeks ahead of last year. Prospects
line for a heavv honey crop this year.

Geo. W. Kennedy, Carrollton, Mo., May 19, '77.

MICE, A WARNING.

In the spring of '75, 1 had 14 stocks, took 1400 lbs. of
extracted honey and increased to 25. Had 24 iu the

spring of '76, took about 12C0 lbs. and increased to h2.
Mice got in them last winter and destroyed 14, and
one lost its queen leaving me with but 37 now. I
swarm artificially. Have two imported qiueens frons
D. Tremontani, of Bologna, Italy. I sent last Sep-
tember for le for myself and neighbors, 3 of which
died on the way. For express charges and duty we
paid S.'Jt.oo.

We have had too much rain this spring, ^^ost nearly
all the honey from fruit bloom, though bees are doing
well at present on black and honey locust, and white
clover is just beginning to bloom. We have here bu£
a poor market for honey. W. B. Collins.

Arrow Rock, Mo., May 28th, 1877.

MARKING HIVES FOR QUEENS.

In May Gleanings page 117, Dr. C. M. Joslln teTls
us how he made Z^ colonies from 2. in one season, and
says he saved all his queens in their first Sight, <Sfcc.
Please explain how ho saved his queens, with the
green paper, the Uowered shawl and the red paper.

The different colors were to enable the young
queens to avoid getting into the wrong hive
by mistake ; when they first leave the hive>
they carefully examine all its surroundings,
hovering over and all about it, going in antl
out repeatedly, and seeming to recognize the
great importance of being able to get back
home safely ; in spite of all these precautions,
they do sometimes get into the " wrong box,"
for they have often been found at the entrance
of neighboring hives, where they were proba-
bly attracted by the humming of returning
bees. By making the entrances of the hives
unlike, by different colors or otherwise, it is
supposed this loss may be avoided. It is cer-
tainly very unwise to locate hives just alike
in color and appearance very near each other.
If they can not be as much as 6 feet apart from
centre to centre, it is a very good idea to make
the entrances unlike, especially when young
queens may be expected to be taking their
flight.

"ROBBING" THE BEES.

In this latitude we seldom have frost before the firet
of Nov. and rarely any snow in winter. Then how
late in the season may we rob our hives of honey
and brood ?

You can "rob" your hives as often as you
like, and at any season of the year; and you
can take all or part, just as you feel disposed.
Of course you will not be so thoughtless as to
let the little fellows starve ; your horse and
cow are supplied several times a day, and a
man who would let his barn get empty and
allow these domestic friends to starve, would
be taken in hand by the strong arm of the law
if his neighbors did not hold an indignation
meeting and do something worse. We can
not tell you how much honey you must leave
in your hives any more than how much hay
and oats you should have in your barn; yon
should look after the wants of your bees pre-
cisely as you do after those of the pony and
old brindle.

AVHY TWO OR MORE STORIES ?

Why have the hives two and three stories instead
of one, and why can not all the work be done in a sin-
gle box i* Enquirer.

Kingston, La., June Ist, 1877.

If you have a one story hive full of bees,
they will fill every cell with honey in about
two days, during a good yield, and if you ex-
tract, to give more room, you get thin, unri-
pened honey. You must have two stories at
least, so far as we can see, and many of our
colonies at the present writing, need about
three stories to give them room, until the hon-
ey in the sections is nicely capped over.

1877

ULEAI>}INGS IN BEE CULTURE.

191

In comb built of fdn. bought of you last summer, 4^2
calls to the inch, I find drone and worker brood side by
side. The cell seemed to fit both; not a desirable char-
acteristic I think. RiCiiABD Fekeis.

Belleville. N. J., May 15th, W77.

Hurrah for fdn. ! It makes the most accommodating
comb I ever heard of. It just suits the queen in every
respect, if she chooses to lay worker e^frs she does so, if
drone oc'rCs it answers equally well. I have frames side
by side one full of worker theolhor of drone brood and
the third has both. 51 ine is -tV cells to the inch fdn. I
yot some 5 to the inch from J. H. Nellis, which was the
nicest I ever saw and had honey deposited in it in -i hours.
How is that for hinh ? T. B. Pabkek,

Goldsboro, N. C, May 12th. 1877.

Wc are very very glad indeed that Mr. Nel-
5is is succeeding so finely, especially, as he is
using a machine of our make. We too have
learned all about the droues in the 4'._^ to the
inch size, and now always se«d 5 cells to the
inch, where wanted for brood comb.

TOADS EATtKG BEE8.

You may say to Wm. Payne, of Spencer, Ohio, that
tnads Kitt eat bees, and live workers at that, as I proved
to my satisfaction, by la.^ iris a small bush on which a
number of bees were clustered, in front of a larce toad.
The bees were snapped up as fast as his toadship could
swallow them taking time however to give a wink of sat-
isf:iclion as each bee slipped down. Toads are not tolera-
ted in my apiary since that time.

W. H. Fletcher, Sauk Rauids, Minn.

rEMPEEATCEE XT WHICH BROOD IS INJURED.

I have a small observing hive Cyntainin? a queen and
balf a pint of bees. On Thursday May 21th, the ther-
mometer went down to 31". The nest daj- it snowed and
rained all day. Towards nitfht I found every bee stiff and
motionless. I carried the hive into the house and set it
before the stove and in half an hour the bees revived, but
they entirely deserted the brood comb and clustered on
the side nest the stove. The following day they were on
the brood comb a^ain, which leads me to conclude the
brood is uninjured.

At what temperature is it considered unsafe to expose
brood as in iniitinz, transferrins, or extracting?

J. H. Parsons, Franklin, N. Y., May 26th, 1877.

Brood will stand about as much expqsure
as a mature bee, unless left out of the hive for
some time, we have never had brood chilled so
as to die, unless it was left away from the bees,
during a very cool night with a light frost
for instance. Frames of brood may be taken
out, handled and replaced, even during freez-
ing weather, without injury, but if left out 24
hoars or more, they are chilled beyond recov-
ery even at a considerably higher tempera-
ture. In making artificial swarms, or raising
brood into the upper story before the season
will warrant such work, beginners frequently
have lessons, on this point, that are usually
remembered. During warm summer weather,
say not less than 80-^ sealed brood may be out
of the hive until it hatches without being lost,
but it seems to thrive best when kept from 90
to 10(P. Very small larvaj, if well supplied
with food, will last 3 days, or until they starve,
and it is by taking advantage of this fact that
we are enabled to send larvse for queen rear-
ing by mail.

T rec'd the two hives all rii^ht — much pleased with them.
I have transferred and my bees are quite proud of their
new quarters. I also was proud when I transferred to
see the comb so full of fino healthy brwd. My bees are
in fine order. I have not lost one colony this winter. I
intend to devote ranch attention to them this season.

.1. J. White, Clinton, Mich., Slay iGth, 1S77.

FIGHTING PATENT EIGHT Mi:N.

Slung 87i5 lbs. sealed poplar honey yesterday from 30
colonies, tha first I have taken this seasot;.
I return your book by to-daj 's mail. Accept my thanks.

Have routed Gillespie— "horse, foot and dragocns." H«5
has "vamoosed the ranche" and departed for parts un-
known. I tfot an order from Mr. Gould, properly execu-
ted, to dismiss the suit from court, as it was broujtht un-
authorjzcdly in his name. It cost nie .?78.00 cash^ and if
you could set bee-keepers to help me a little 1 would be
wider obliiratioas. 1 made the (i.s'ht for all and a little
help would be thankfully received.

J. F. Montgomery, Lincoln, Tenn., May 23d, '77.
It may be well to inform our new readers
that Gillespie sued our friend M., for using a
tico story hive, claiming that his patent covered
all two story hives in existence, and made him
the trouble and expense above narrated. Such
fellows almost deserve treating as highway
robbers, and so far as we can learn the whole
patent right business is almost all in the hands
of just such thieves. Have we been too rough
on them ?

On 3 of my old queens does not lay any ejn^s. Wliat is
the cause ? I have to jfive the swarm brood from other
hives. The queen is a tine looking queen.

Wii. St. Martz, Moonshine, Ills., May 21st, 1877.

We occasionally find a queen that does not
lay, but such cases are not very common,
without the bees rearing another before she
fails entirely. The remedy is to remove her
and substitute another, for they will probably
never take steps to rear a queen, so long as
they have one in the hive. We have several
times found colonies badly run down, from
this very cause, but we usually found defect-
ive wings or something of the kind, if the
queen had never laid at all. Cases where an
old queen ceases laying, without a young
one being reared, are still more rare.

I found a swarm of bees in our woods and I with the
help of another man mit the tree down and we put them
into a movable frame hive with the transferred comb and
now, three days later, they are working splendidly. They
were in a ctooked tree at about the height of 80 feet.

Geo. Rosbkelly, Huron, Ohio, May 17th, 1877.

CLIPPING QUEEN'S WINGS BEFORE THEY BEGIN
TO LAY.

I receive Gleanings very regulaily and read it care-
fully, j-et I go wrong sometimes. I had a swarm with a
young queen to run oil early this spring, and cropped live
others to be sure of them, and I found after that neither
of them were fertilized and tried to have them fertilized
in confinement, but failed. I think it can't be did so I
lost them. I would recommend you to tell your A BC
boys not to crop any till they are sure they are ready to
lay as some are ready mu('h sooner than others-

My bees swarmed here by the first of April and some of
the swarms will be i-eady to swami again by the first of
June.

I wish to trj' your comb fdn. but think the hot sun hero
in this dry hot climate will cau.se it to melt and fall, but
if it does not on a fair trial I will order more of you in the
fall. Thos. H. Miller.

Crawford, Texas, May 20th, 1S77.

We entirely agree with you friend M., that
"it can't be did," (fertilizing the queens in con-
finement), but you certainly did not read j'our
journals with sufficient care, or you would
never have clipped the wings office queens be-
fore they had commenced laying. Thanks for
your note of warning to the A B C bojs. If
natural combs do not meltdown withyou^ou
need have no fear of the fdn., for it is beeswax
and nothing else.

I have been reading the back numbers of .vour valuable
Bee journal, beginning with Vol. I and going regularly
through to Vol. IV. ft lias opened a new world of inter-
est to me, and such literature in connection with a few
hives of bees which we have lately secured, will bo an
abiding .souree of pleasure. I hope, with practical advice
from your jiaper to make a profit on bees next j'ear. Our
place is covered with white clover, the old garden in
which the hives siand, is knee deep with it in full bloom
UR'I the bees are giving us beautiful honey. We also have

192

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

July

lar^'e persimmon orrhanls (n-itural ones) which the bees
have attacked very eaiforlv. Will thflt make stood honey ?
Our hives are double story Lanf?stroth. Will it be safe to
take every thins from the upper story, leaving the whole
lower story for supplies ?

Your correspondent Dr. Peters interests me greatly.
Mrs. S. D. Thurmond.

Dry Grove, Miss., May 22d, 1877.
We have heard but little said of the quality
of persimmon honey; will our Southern friends
please tell us about it ? We consider it per-
fectly safe as a general thing to take all the
honey from the upper story at any season of
the year. Should the bees however take a no-
tion to move into the upper story, brood and
all as they sometimes do, it would be unwise
to take their honey, without first looking to
see if the lower story were well supplied.

FOUL BROOU AND SALICYLIC ACID.

I am sorrv to say I have (practically) lost all my
bees since February bv a virulent attack of foul brood.
Salicylic acid was utterly useless. althouRh I used it
much more thoroughly than the Germans direct. I
took endiess pains ami went to great expense to cure
the iilague, but it ran its course and now I have about
two quarts of bees divided among four hives. All the
rest are dead and their combs melted down. I>igiiri-
ans, Hungarians and blacks sulTered alike. I have
had ex))erience enough to know there is foul brood,
and foul brood— get the right (or rather wrong sort)
and salicylic acid is of no use. John IIlintek.

5 Eaton lllse, Ealing, England, May 17lh, 1877.

I wintered on summer stands, with no protection,
and have lost fully 60 per cent. Wm. Payni;.

Spencer, Medina Co., Ohio.

Our bees have wintered very well, as the winter in
Germany was very mild and the bees have had some
tine days for a cleansing flight. But tlic weather du-
ring the months ot March, April, and even in May
was thus dreadful, that our colonics diil not thrive be-
cause many a bee nerishcd in its search for water and
honey. The fruit frees are now in full blossom but
vain and cold weather do not allow the bees to gather
honey or pollen, and so we shall not have so many
and early swarms as in otlier years.

C. Ti II. GUAVENHOKST.

Brunswick, Germany, May 19th, '77.

A WORD IN FAVOU OF THE LIGHT COLOKED BEES.

We have never had sucli a demand or rnadc as many
sales of colonies and queens, as this spring; although
our prices are liipher than the average asked by oth-
ers, we must say that we have all we can do so far,
tilling orders. The strangest thing about it is that
our bees siiould be so much in demand, as they are
those light colored ones, you know, that so»ie breed-
ers call lazy bees. It seems to us that many want just
that kind, from the way the caah comes in. The fever
for the " imported " will wear off after we all learn to
keep our colonics in good condition, and not keep di-
viding them merely because they are so gentle and
easy to handle. Is not tliat the trouble to some ex-
tent, friend Novice? A colony of cross hybrids gvn-
crallij have their own way, are not divided, and tink-
ered to death ; hence the great amount of honey ihey
gather, more than those lazy light colored bees we
rcufl of.

We confess that we keep bees for the dollars and
cents as wcdl as i)leasure, and so long us our yellow
pets continue to do as they have ilone in tlie past, ive
really can not say aught against lliem.

J. M. Dkooks & Biio., Klizabethtown, Ind.

1 hu[C never had l)«tter success with my bees than
this ^ar. Tlie yield is simply astonishing, and as a
conseiiucncc I am devotedly attached to my pets.
Am considered by half the town to have bees on the
brain ; nevertlieless, 1 never Iiesitate to explain and
exhibit the mysteries of tlie bee liive to all my coun-
try friends, wlioEC astonishment and keen apprecia-
tion give me the greatest satistaction. 1 am a disci))k!
of Bro. Moon and for a time was a contributor to hi-)
Journal, but business cares prevented me from being
as regular as I desired. I have Italianized my stock
from the progeny of one of Mr. Moon's celebrated
"Albinos" so called. No matter, however, what tliC)
are called, no belter blood exists in Georgia.

II. J. Petek, Macon, (ia., May 31st, 1877.

The white fdn. yeo'd of you last year, I P'Ut in upper-
story this season. ITie bees worked it out beautifully
and filled it with honey. I was proud of it, showing-
It to all my frienrJs and thinking, what is there that
man can not accomplish in the world of art? Goi5
created all and then gave man "dominion"' over all.
But yesterday, 1 found from tenderness and weight,
it had drawn down against the bottom of the frames
and made a sag just above. The natural combs arc
all right. Neither were they as thick as the natural
comb. I mention this because I thought yon woukJ
like to know.

H. 0. Herspergek, Keene, Ky., June Gth, '77.

Almost all specimens of wax will sag more
or le^s, but the white worse than the yellow.
Had you cut your sheets so that the comb
when finished would have not quite touched
the bottom bar, we think you would have had
none of the warping. A half inch space at the
bottom usually suffices, but 'f,^ is safer as a
general thing. We want all our combs fast-
ened to the bottom bar, but they should not
strike it before they are finished. We can not
discover that it makes any diflerence which
way the fdn. is put in the frame.

INTRODUCING QUEENS.

You saj' that before you liberate a queen, after be-
ing caged for 48 hours, "you see if the bees are good to
her, and if they are not, you still leave her caged un-
til tbey get good to her. Well, what I want to know
is, how do von tell when thej- are good to her ?

Wm. T. Seal, G'hadd's Ford, Pa., June 11th, '77.

If the bees are clinging lightly to the cage,
knotted together, and making that peculiar
hissing noise that plainly indicates to one who
is used to it, the presence of a strange queen,
it will not do to release her. If, on the con-
trary, they are clustered around the cage about
as they are usually seen around the queen ou
the combs, caressing her with their antenna?,
and offering her food, it will be safe to let her
out, even though she may have been caged
only an hour, or perhaps not at all. A few
days ago we got an imported queen from Da-
dant by mail, and as our customer was in a
great hurry for his. colony, we decided to try,
or rather to run the risk of letting her out at
once. The hive was opened very quietly with-
out any smoke, and when the bees — very cross
hybrids — had become tranquil, a comb was
lifted out and placed against a post securely
that we might have both hands to work with.
Smoker was right at hand, in good trim, and
the queen was then allowed to crawl out of
the cage onto the comb of brood. They ap-
proached her, offered her food, and as soon as
she was walking quietly about on the comb,
the frame was returned to the hive. In about
an hour, she was hunted up again, and once
more after about 5 hours. As eggs were found
in the comb the next morning, the hive was
shipped.

When honey is coming in daily, perhaps 3
queens out of 4 could be safely released in the
same way, and it is quite likely that hundreds
of queens arc caged 48 hours that could have
been laying all the time just as well or better;
and I should feel much safer in lettinir a queen
loose .among the bees in this way, than in ca-
ging her the usual time and then letting her
out without paying any attention to the be-
haviour of the bees. The colony above men-
tioned had been queenless 5 days. The cells
were all torn down in a few hours after the
(lueen was put among them.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

198

ur %€tmh

Whatsoever thy hand flndeth to do, do it with thy
jTiigrht.— Ecclesiastos, 9 ; 10.

now TO MAKE JMONEV.

^(^ ^^JQ !" says some one, "As far as that is
^^ coucernoci, we know how very well

' already, if you mean simply that we

are to work hard to get it." I do mean that
you shall work hard, not that you shall labor
with your hands alone, but that you shall use
all the powers God has given you ; that in-
stead of exhausting any one of them, you shall
give a healthy exercise to them all, and have
them grow and develop healthily. For many
years, I have been employing hands in a man-
ufacturing business, and while I made it a
study to sec how I could get good work done
<-heaply, I hope I have also studied the traits
and dispositions of those about me, with a
view to their own good. I have employed
mostly young people — boys and girls, and as
ours is not a manufacturing town, I have al-
ways had more applications for places than I
could by any means use. Under the circum-
i:*tances, it would have been many times, much
easier for me to have given places to only such
as were quick and skilful, than to have taken
much time and pains with some who seemed
in some respects unfortunately unfitted for the
work to be done.

Shall we always purchase where we can
purchase cheapest, and employ such hands as
will give us the best labor for the money?
Some may say that the most profitable people
are not always pleasantest to have round, but
that is not the point either; shall we always
choose to deal with those who are pleasant
and profitable, or in other words shall we con-
sider our own comfort only ':" I do not know
but I am getting into rather deep water, for
very likely I shall before getting through, dis-
l)lay some of my ov'in selfishness, which al-
though it may be very plainly apparent to my
friends, perhaps I shall not see at all.

Every one has his peculiarities and dis-
tinctive traits, and almost every one has a pe-
culiar adaptation for some one thing or anoth-
er ; almost every one has also faults or infirm-
ities th;:t render them unfit for certain duties.
There are people whose services are worth
four or five dollars a day in almost any kind
of business, while there are many more who
are scarcely worth fifty cents a day. Do those
work so much harder who get the largest
price? I do not think it is so much their
working harder, as it is their bringing into
play all their faculties, and applying their
whole mind to every little detail of the work
they are doing. Now who do you suppose en-
joys life, or rather enjoys his work most, the
person who works for fifty cents, or the one
who has several dollars a day? I think un-
questionably the latter, if we except those who
are injuring themselves by working too many
hours in a day, or are overstraining some par-
ticular faculty, or something of that nature.
It is a pleasure, to exercise healthfully, any of
the faculties or talents given us, and to feel
that some power we hardly knew we possessed
is growing and developing, is one of the keenest j

pleasures I know of. I have at difi'erent times
in life worked for 12, 14, and sometimes even
16 hours a day, but after once losing my health
and afterwards regaining it, I feel pretty surc
that 10 hours a day is as much as any one
should devote to really hard labor. I do not
know but I had better say labor for some one
else, and especially indoor labor. It is well
known that those who are passionately devo-
ted to some of the open air industries such as
fruit raising, gardening, and even bee culttire,
can labor hard from sunrise until sunset, and
thrive on it; but it can scarcely be expect-
ed that one who hires out by the day or month,
to some one else, will have that enthusiasm
that seems in a measure to prevent fattgue,
and the consequences of working too many
hours.

Is it possible for us all to earn four or five
dollars a day or something near it ? I think
it just as possible, as it is for you to have the
fastest horse in your community — you have
only to pay the price. "But we hav'n't
the money V" I have no doubt but that you
may earn the money any one of you, but some
of you would have to work much longer than
others. If yon are icilUng to pay the price you
can almost any one of you, command high
wages for whatever you may be doing. Nay,
farther, you can have work brought to you,
without your taking any trouble to search for
something to do. I moan this for women and
girls, as well as men and boys, for I have had
experience in employing them all, and I know
full well, how eagerly real worth is sought out
and bought at high prices.

Very likely there will be many who are in-
clined to argue, and disagree with me on this
point, and who will insist that they have not
the natural talent, &c., &c., but I feel sure that
the great trouble is that you are unwilling to
pay the price, rather than that you are in any
way incapable, or not possessed of the wished
for abilities. If you have but one arm, you
certainly have dihiculties to work against, but
the loss of an arm is not to be compared with
objectionable habits that very many possess
whu have two good arms ; you can still have
the high wages, if you will pay the price.

I will try to point out to you the way in
which the price is to be paid, judging princi-
pally from ray past experience. One very im-
portant thing in the commencement, is to be-
come impressed with your own need of
improvement, for one who thinks he is already
ahead of the rest of his fellow beings, that no
one appreciates him as he deserves, is in a very
bad frame of mind indeed, to get better wages.
If you, on the other hand, think you are get-
ting all you deserve, or perhaps a little more,
you are on very good ground. Should
you feel like asking your employers if they
could not advance your wages, there should
be no harm at all in your doing so, providing
you are willing to have them tell you just
where you are lacking, and need improvement.
I believe employers as a general thing will be
very glad to talk over your mutual relations,
when you come to them in that way.

Perhaps it may be well to state here, that I
consider everybody employed by some one
else. You, my friend, are my employer and I
try to think you pay me all I deserve ; when

194

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

JcIjY

I am in the right frame of mind, I feel that yan
are all kinder and more liberal, than I merit,
and then I go to my worls with fresh vigor,
aud try to serve you better.

We are all w^orking for somebody ; that
somebody may be mankind in general, it may
be the government, it may be those vphom vpe
expect to buy our produce, it may be a rail-
road company, or some one who pays us so
much p6r hour to help him serve somebody
else. If we are earning very much more than
we get, somebody else will soon find it out,
and we shall get an offer of better pay. If we
are getting better pay than we deserve, sorae-
bo(^ will offer to do the work that we do,
cheaper, and then we shall have to work for
less, or look up another situation. Now if w«
are ready to do all this pleasantly, to let the
law of demand and supply regulate this mat-
ter of labor just as it does other commodities,
we have got a very good start. "Knowledge is
power," is a very good motto for one who de-
sires better wages, and he should set to work
learning all about the business he is engaged
in. If he is a worker in wood, let him learn
all about the different kinds of wood, and how
they behave under different circumstances.
A bee hive will stand the weather vastly bet-
ter if the heart side of the lumber be put
toward the sun, and yet a carpenter of many
years experience was surprised when told he
must be sure to observe this point. On the
same day a builder of wooden cisterns was
employed to put up one in our cellar, and find-
ing he could get no iron rivets in our town,
he without my knowledge substituted copper
ones saying he thought they would hold just
as well. I afterward found our engine boy
who is only 15, remonstrated in vain at the
proceeding. The consequence was that after
the f rst rain, which came in the night, the
swelling of the pine staves sheared the copper
rivets off as if they had been lead, and our cel-
lar was flooded with water. Copper is a very
pretty, nice and useful metal, but has not in
nearly as great a degree as iron, the properties
demanded for standing such a side strain as
would be put upon the rivets. A man who
has learned all these properties of wood and
metals, would be well worth 25 cents a day,
more than one who has not. The same point
comes up in regard to the use of tools. A man
was employed to overhaul our engine, and in
doing so he broke two wrenches. Was the
fault in the tools ? One of them had been bro-
ken and repaired, but for all that, a really fine,
keen mechanic would have taken a good look
at it before using it in the place, and would
have decided by inspection how much strain
it would do to put upon it, and if it would
not do the work it would have been laid aside
uninjured. It was a small nickle plated
wrench, that I valued very much. It is a fre-
quent thing for inexperienced mechanics to
twist the heads from bolts, or to break off
screws where it is very expensive and labori-
ous to get the broken part out, yet they fre-
(luently say it was no fault of their own, "it
had to be done." This I believe is a mistake.
There are ways of removing bolts and screws
in almost all cases, and that too without inju-
ry. One who is ambitious, should make him-
self master of all these little arts, and if he is

careful rot to break anything, he will very
soon be sought after, and oflfered good pay.
Whatever may be the temptation, do not boast
of your skill, but let your work do all the
talking.

Beware of accidents; they maybe trifling
in themselves, and seem of no great moment,
and at first glance you may not see that the
fault was in any way your own, yet a careful
examination into these matters will show that
they could almost always have been avoided.
Accidents and breakages tell fearfully at the
end of a year in ah establishment where many
hands are employed. Even if the broken
things are promptly paid for, that is but a
small part of it, for it causes loss of time and
delay in replacing, and it very seldom answers
exactly the place of the missing thing. Some
people seem to be continually dropping things
and a young friend whom I am very anxious
to have make progress, seems at times to have
a knack of letting every thing slip that her
fingers touch. It is true that she seldom
breaks anything, but when things go rolling
about the floor, it takes time to gather them
up, and for the rest to look at it and laugh,
and in debating what wages I could afford to
pay her, I felt it a duty to take this into con-
sideration. There are others who have no
fault of this kind, yet have others just about
as bad, or even worse. One will work so
slowly, that a person of quick and active tem-
perament would "go crazy" to use a common
expression, just to look at him. I once saw a
couple of carpenters who had been employed
at a very low price, and one, to stop and look
at them, would suppose they were trying to
see how slowly they could move, aud have it
called work. Evidently the only evt?nt they
looked forward to with pleasure in this world,
was the call to dinner. Perhaps nothing is
more trying to me, than to have hands appar-
ently bent on nothing else but lo pn^s away
the time in some way, until it is time to stop
work. Others there are who have none of
these habits, but who are disorderly ; will
scatter their work on the floor and have it
stepped upon, will make a litter of all the rem-
nants, even when desired to take time to put
them away in the proper baskets, and who will
leave their tools and materials just where they
happen to get done using them, in spite of all
that can be said — beg pardon, I did not quite
mean that last, for it will not quite harmonize
with my closing up ; perhaps I should say
rather, in spite of repeated requests to do oth-
erwise. Another thing that spoils the value
of one's services, is getting vexed or impatient
with one's work. I certainly know something
of it, for it perhaps more tlian anything else,
mars my value as a mechanic. I do not get
angry with my work as I did once, but I de-
feat myself greatly, by beins in too great a
hurry, to do my work well. Very skilful peo-
ple almost always, work slowly and deliber-
ately. Not with the slowness before men-
tioned, for the most skilful, are the busiest,
they work with brains as well as hands, but
they take ample time to do each part of their
work thoroughly and completely. Taking in
all the points, making no mistakes, and for-
getting nothing. One who (juarrels with his
tools, who gets angry at his work, and indulges

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

195

En exclamations such as "there! see if you
won't go down," " break then ! you sinner" as
be strikes a tremendous blow with his ham-
mer, or throws his tools across the shop if
they do not please him, is certainly worse than
a man with one ana, if he can not rid himself
of such a temper.

There should l)e no "blasting," nor "blasted
Slopes," for a good workman is seldom disap-
(Pointed or surprised at the way his work be-
haves. His nails do not split out, because he
does not undertake to drive them where he is
not sure they can be driven, and when he un-
dertakes to drive a nail, he sees at a glance
what kind of a nail he holds, his hammer is
one that is not loose in the handle, is neither
too light nor too heavy, and in his practiced
hand it does exactly the work he wishes it to
do. Perhaps boys are much more inclined to
get nervous and fidgety with their work than
are girls, and in these days of young America,
when many are ambitious to do a good job
without very much showing, there is very
much of a liability to disappointment and dis-
gust with mechanical work. Take my advice
boys, and when you find out what you can not
do, instead of giving up, get the best m'.>chanic
you know of, to show you, and pracMce pa-
tiently after his showing, keep trying, and
study the subject in all its branches. Study
saws, study hammers and nails; whenever you
see a box nicely made, look it over carefully.
When you go into the stores, look at the small
light boxes goods are put up in, and do not
rest satisfied until you can make a neat job of
everything about a bee hive, even if it takes
you weeks to do just one. The last thing per-
haps I shall talk of this mouth, is

ACCURACY,

and the subject is of so mucli importance that
I have given it a heading by itself as you see.
What can, I say to the boys and girls, aye and
to the older ones too, to make them more care-
ful to be accurate? Great numbers of girls
come to me for work, and they are perfectly
willing to work for fifty cents per day. The
work is light, and would be pleasant and easy,
yet I dare not trust them to undertake it, be-
cause they would not be accurate. They
would forget, or be thinking of something else,
and rather than take the responsibility of keep-
ing a constant watch on them, we choose to
pay from one to two dollars per day, just to
get somebody that will be careful. An order
came for frames from away down in Mississip-
pi. The hand who put them up forgot to put
in the side bars, and after our distant custom-
er had put his money safely in our hands, and
paid the expensive express charges to such a
distant point, he had no frames to use in his
hives after all. He sent a telegram at once
asking me to pay for it as well as the express
charges, and I think it was right that I should
do so. Now all this expense, delay and troub-
le came from — I do not know positively, but 1
rather think, from talking to some of the oth-
er hands while the work was being put up.
Had the one who did it, said menially, "There
are the top bars, and no mistake, for they have
the grooves in them for the com!) guides, and
these arc the side bars, for they are grooved
across the ends, and there are just twice as
many of them as of the top bars, here are the

bottom bars for they are not grooved at all.
These are the corners, and thete the comb
guides and everything is certainly just as it
should be."

Now although it has taken some time to tell
this, it can be gone over in the mind, as fast as
the hands can possibly travel, but the eyes
must be on the work, and the tongue still. Is
this too severe? It all resls with you my
friends ; if you are unwilling to pay the price,
you must l)e content with ordinary wages.

Many people excuse themselves for inaccura-
cy, by saying the fault belonged to some one
else. (Juite a nurat)er of our May journals
were reported as being folded wrongly, the
first page being on the leaf next the last. No
one could tell how it came so. As the June
No. was being mailed, I picked up one at ran-
dom, :ind found it in the same predicament.
Three more were opened, and found the same;
of course the v,'hole lot were overhauled, and I
fear the girls who folded and sewed them were
overhauled a little roughly too, for it is a rath-
er serious matter to have hands who pay so
little attention to their work that they do not
know whether the books they are making are
readable or not. I presume each one of them
feels sure i/i^^y did not do it, but for all that,
they will probably keep a sharp lookout for
more such mischief, and as the fault all really
rests on myself, /shall try to look sharp too,
or you my friends will be obliged to cut down
my wages. If you do, I shall not blame you,
but will try to think I deserve it.
Continued next month.

^

DEPOSITORY OF

Or S^etters from Tliosc WIio Have Made
Bee Culture a Failure.

^I? AST fall I had .56 swarms of bees in f^ood condition,
ISlj/i] have now but ten. Seven packed in chnfT and lef tr
r 'l| on summer stand camo throuRh, but were very
weak in numbers ; one dwindled away until only about
one-half pint of bees was left, then swarmed cut and the
queen K<>t killed. The six left, I think will succeed. Ten.
left on summer stand with chaff pillows over frames, all
dead; some of them lived till tlie last of April. Four
swarms buried, all dead when I unearthed them the
forepart of April. Thirty-five swarms I put in bee cellar
Nov. 14th, and j?ave them a fly three or four times in the
warm days of Feb., but they trot caught out in a bijr snow
storm the first of March ; some hives were entirely cov-
ered with snow. When I could Ret them in apiin, I found
1(5 of them dead, and the rest have since dwindled to four
stocks. My hofies are blasted. Aveey liKOWir.

P. S.— Dr. Maxoii, of Whitewater, Wis., put 8t swarms
in hLs cellar uniler his dwellinif house last Nov., took
them out April 10th, nave them no fly durini^ that time.
I saw several of his liives opened April 1 fth, no mould, no
dead bees on bfittom of hive — bees plenty and honey also
— had (lone nothintr to them only set ihem out till I saw
him open several hives— every one of the said St appeared
in first rate condition. He uses one story Lan^stroth
hives with 8 frames ; runs for box honey almost exclu-
sively. AvEKY Brown.
Delavim, Wis., May 1,5th, 1877.

Many reports seem to strengthen the idea
that it i.s a disease — that our bees may winter
beautifully one winter, and die badly the next,
with precisely the same treatment.

My bees wintered poorly. I had too many in a small
place ; 10;i in a cellar lixl t. The cellar bottom was about
l^i inches deep with dead bees this spring. I set them
out April 12tb. Ninety-three were alive but some had
only a few bees and they have since dwindled down to

19G

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

July

less than fifty, mostly by swarming out and joining
other swarms. I began tt) think I would have to be jnit
into Blasted Hopes depnrtment, but if they behave now,
1 will try to build them up. E. A. Sheldon.

Independance, Iowa., May 21st, 1S77.

We have hunted over all our letters, and the
above is the best "blasted hopes" we can find.
If it is a mistake we beg pardon.

$ohs and %mmh

fN some of my hives I find that the combs of sev-
eralframes are united together, so that I cannot
. , lirt them out separately. How can it be liono

without killing some bees, it separateil with a knife
or other implement ? And how can this welding to-
gether of the eombs be prevented.

Though i never yet had but black bees (all my colo-
nies being descendants of a single black one), I find
among them some bearing the marks of pure Italians
—three yellow rings, and some those ot hybrids— one
or two yellow rings. There are no Italians nearer
than lour miles from my place, as far as I know.
What may be the cause of these marks ?

Is moaldj" comb of any value except for wax ? Can
it be used tor breeding purposes? J. Balsingeu.

Highland, Marlon Co., 111., June 9, 1877.

1'. .-).— 1 have found that the blossoms of the per-
simmon are much visited by bees; they must be rich
la honey.

[Drive the bees entirely from the attached combs by
smoke and shaking, then with a thin knife cui and
straighten, and afterwards Tje ware about placing them
too close to each other. It takes lime, but the worst
combs can be made level and smooth, by care and pa-
tience.

The Italians very often hybridize stocks four or five
miles away ; it may be that they have mixed with the
bees in the woods nearer than you imagine, and it
may bo that the drones and queens meet when located
at that distance.

Put your mouldy combs one at a time in the centre
ol a strong stock of Italians; examine them nextday,
and you will think some sleight of hand has been at
work.]

I had one swarm of bees to leave its hive in April ;
it had plenty of honey an<l pollen, and about two
quarts of bees. Anothjr lefc its hivcMay luch ; it had
no honey but plenty of young bees ; abont the same
number as the first one. Ex))lain.

G. W. EuMUNSTON, Slagle P. O., Mo., May 14, 1877.

[The first one swarmed out probably because it was
weak; the second one because It was out of lioney.
The latter is the most frequent cause, perhaps of all,
and they olten abscond, seemingly, because they are
nearly out.]

I am infatuated with this sample section box you
sent me. I liad it in running onier, louudation and
all, in less than a minute. Your plan of fastening is a
great invention. W. C. Gkiek, Lamar, Mo., June U.

[\'ery glad indeed are we to have earned your ap-
proval, and now to illustrate how widely people dif-
fer, we will give an extract from one who received
precisely such a sample box.]

Your frame is like the rest of such wares that I
have seen ; too frail, rough, and carelessly made.
Wlien put u]) it is out of shape. Jamks Heudon.

Dowagiac, Mich., June I'Jth, 1877.

The hybrids bought of you take the lead in our
yard ; they are splendid workers. White clover just
oi)ening. Ours have been working on the grai)e tor a
■week. J. W. Bakclay, South Oil City, Pa , June 15.

[There! don't you see what fun it Is to sell hy-
brids?] ■

"Honor to whom honor i.s due." See GLEAifiNGS, June
No., i)age 161. After that date I found one colony dead,
cause, neglect on account of other business, leaving me (55
colonies. About \\\e years ago, a swarm came out (I was
not at home) and settled ; my wife siqiDosed they would
go back, as the old queen's wing had been clijipcd, but
the old queen had been suiierseded and a lot of young
ones reared. She was not in a hurry about hiving them
and they went to the woods, this is the amount of our
loss since I commenced keeping bees on improved jirinci-
ples. E. LiSTOx, Virgil City, Mo., Juno Gth, 1877.

Friend Oldt of New Berlin, Pa., has sent us a
bee-hiving apparatus. The plan is to have the colony
on a platform so nicely balanced that when the swarm
leaves, the hive sinks enough to close the entrance.
As the bees have been previously taught to go out and
In through an empty hive, they return to it as soon as
they miss the queen. She is kept from going by a
queen yard similar to Quinby's. The maclilne will
work without doubt ; if it does not as it is, it certain-
ly can bo made to do so. Now then, will it pay ? We
cannot even make a trial of it, without setting apart
a colony and letting it get filled up in a way that
would cost us perhaps So. 00, and very likely it would
not swarm then, for not one colony in ten sends out a
swarm when supplied with sections filled with fdn.
We cannot make a machine for every colony, for they
cost several dollars each, and the inconvenience of
having our hives all encumbereil in this way, would
be out of the question. Wliy will you, my friends,
waste your money in patenting things so impractic-
able? We have returned the machine, paying all ex-
penses, and we are willing to do this so long as there
is any ])robability of getting hold of anything that is
really valuable.

THREE SIZES

Extra large 2^^ inch tube §1 "5

Per mail 2 00

Standard 2 inch tube . ." 1 -W

Per mail 1 Gi)

Small l->i inch tube 1 CO

Per mail 1 25

These smokers differ only in size.
T. F. BINGHAM,
7-8 Abronia, Mich.

THE ^

British ]Bee Jonrnal,

Is a large, beautifully printed, and profusely illus-
trated MONTHLY; clear tv|ie and line heavv paper.

It is conducted by CHARLES NASH ABBCtT, Ilan-
well, W., London, England. Annual subscription,
half-a.gninea.

We will send it with Gleanings and pay all nostaee
for S2.50.

At a Cost of less than
CENT per weok.

IE

A Plain Practical Journal, devoted to the Farming,
Gardening and Household interests. Tells when and
how to])lant. Hints for each month. Domestic Econo-
my, illustrations, etc. Only 50 Cents per year. Sam-
ple copies (in receipt of stamp.

Address N. J. AG'L'ST & OUR Ai\I. FARMER,
5-7 20 Cortlandt St., N. Y.

You cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any otiier Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
arc in some kind of, a Binder. Who has not said—
"Dear nie what a bother- 1 must have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comef.
and you can sit down liapiiy, any time you wish to find
any thing ymi may have previously seen oven though
it were months .ago.

Binders ior Gleanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free b.y mail for 50, UO, and 75c, ac-
cording to qualitj'. For tabic of prices of Binders for
any Periodical, see Oct. No., Vol. 2. Send in vot;r
orders. A. I. ROOT, Meiina, O

\B77.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

197

ITA1.IAN QUEENS and Bees for sale, at the
Jaiitia apiaiy <>i
;»a E, K. SIIATTUCK,t.ps An»ele9,'Cal.

KMPI.E1WEIVTS FOR BEE C^iti/rtJKE AE-
PHABEMICAEIi.V AliKAJVCiED.

For descriptions of ■i lie various articles, t«e o«r tenth
<nlitio5i circular fomid in ^\j)ril No., Vol. V^ or Mail-
ed on appliraiioiu

Tliis price Jist to be taken fei place of those of former
"flate.

MailaV>ie articles are desasnated in the left hand col-
cu-iii of litres-, the ligures giving the omouiit of postage
vequired.

Camida i^ostape en merckandise is liiMited to 8X
oz., and nothing caa be sent for less than lOc.

K hi a w *

Bees, full colonj^ amply provided for winter, iu
our Jiew two story, chaft' hive (described Nov. and
Dec.No's .. 76), tested qiieen from imported mother,
safe arrival gutiraicteed.. (LawQ hive $1 more.) . .§15 00

The same in a 1 story Simi)licatv hive • l:i 00

'Jlie samean old style L. hive with portico, etc 12 'Ou

'I'iie same with hybrid Queen 10)^'^

IS'ot provisioned for winter (liybrids in old hive) 7,00

Two frau>3 nucleus with tested queen 5 50

The same with dollar queen 4 00

For aw imported queen in any of the alxjve, add S5.00
We think we can prepare bees for shipoing safely any
month ill the year; ■^vheii we fail in so doing, we will give
due notice.

i) I Binder, Emerson's, for Glfanings 50, 60, 75

I Balances, spring:, for suspended hive (00 lbs) 8,00

Ki I Blocks, iron, for metal cornered frame making 15

One of the above is given free with every 100 frames, or
LOCO corners.

I Barrels for fconey, $2,50 ; waxed and painted $3,.5l

Buzz-saw, foot-power, complete \ circulir with cuts free
on application. Two saws and two gauges iixJnded. 835 ' 0
■Q I Buzz-saws, extra, <S in. 1,90; 7 in.. 1.75; 8 inch.. 2 00
GO I Buzz saw inandrel and boxes complete for 0 inch

I saws - - .5 00

1 The same for 7 and 8 inch saws (liot mailable).- 8 00

! Comb Foundation Jiacliines complete SoO to 100 00

I Comb basket made of tin, hokJs 5 frames, has

{ hinged cover and pair of handles •- 1 SO

<'iO I Chaff cushions for wintering 'M

t.) i Chaft' cushion division boards 20

Half price without the chaff, and j^osta^e 5 and Oc.
JO I Candy for bees, can be fed at any season, per fc. 17

£11 I Corners, metal, per hundred... 75

£0 j " " top only 100

l.i J " " bottom, per hundred .tO

On 1,000 or more a discount of 10 jjer cent, will be made,
t\nd on 10,000 25 iier cent. The latter will be giveii to
those who tuivertise metal cornered frames.

I Comers. Machinery' complete fcr making 250 00

10 i Clasps for trsm-sfernns, package of 100 25

O 1 Cards, queen resristering, per doz 10

2 1 Cages " ail of metal , 10

•2 I Cheese clol !i, for strainers, i)er yard 10

VI \ Duck, for fee<iing,and covering the frames— bees

I do lYot bite it— per jxl. (29 indies wide) 20

1 Extractors, according to size of frame S7 50 to 10 CK)
I " inside and gearing.Jncludingboneygate 5 00
I " Hoops to go around the top (per doz. §5.) 50
« I Feeders. 1 q't, tin, can be used without open-
I ing the hive, in warm weather— neat and

j simple 10

i.") I The same, (i qls, to lie useil in upper story. .. 50

4 I Frames with Metal Corner? Oo

5J " " Sample RabJjet and Clafps 10

£.8 j Galvanized iron wire for grapevine trellises

1 p«r lb. (abovit lOOfeet) ■ £0

O I Glkanings, Vol's 1 and II, each 75c., Vol IV 1 00

0 I '• Vol. Ill, seoond-haiided 2 00

<i I " first four volumes neatly bound 5 00

0| " '• •• " unbo^-ind 4 00

rri) I Gearins for Extractor with supportiii;r arm.. 1 50
•■Ih I Gates tor Extractors tinned lor soldering... 50

SIMPLICITY BEE-HIVE.

One feody and 1 cov<»r in the flat, as sample to work

from— one sanH>le frame included SO

One story hive for extractor (body 5Gc— 2 covers
t'Oc — nailing and painting 20c— quilt 25c — 10 frames
«;(*c— craiitig Wc) 2 io

One story hive for comb honey is jjrecisely the
same as the a\)ove, substituting 2 frames of sections
for4metal cornered frames 2 £5

The above 16 sections will be fitted with fdn,. and
starters ready for the bees, for 15c. and the tin*epa-
lutors added for 10c, making -wliole complete 2 50

The above two hives contain everything used in a 2
*torj- hive. \\c simply use another body filled with frames
or sections, for a 2 story hive.

For a 2 story hive for the extractor, add (to 1 story
2 25) body 50c— nxilini; and painting lUe— 10 frames
(Uc— crating 5c, making complete 2 stjry containing
20 frames 3 56

Foif a 2 story hive for comb 110110.7 add (tol story
2 25) 'body "(Ic— nailing and painting lOc — (! frames
of sections "sc— 1 metal cornered framd (X:— crating
6c, making complete 2 story containing 7 frames and
64 stations- , ., 3 75

M tilled with fdn. starters GOc— if also Idled with tin
separators 40c, making 54 75, ii two latter items are
wanted.

An upper story filled woth sections, fdn. starters
and all ready to be set over any L. hive S2,75

To i)repare tbe above hives or winter, put in place of
the :i outsi«le frames chaff cushions, price 20c each, and
a thick oiw on top 30c.

Iron frame to gauge size of above hives, and to
hold tht 111, true when nailinsr. size 20iXl() inside '75

ICHAKt' HIVE FOR OUT DOOR WINTKKING, 10

frames below, and 14 Irames or 80 section
I boxes I ()ove, well paintxid and linished com-

I i)lete (Lawn hive Si more.) $5 00

If filled with fdn. starters and separators. 61-25 more.
These hive . if supplied with stores, will, we hope,
need no atttntion whatever, from the time honey
ceases until it comes again the next season.

Tvo frame nucleus hive, neativ painted 5n

0 I Knives. Hotey (M doz. lor.S.T2,i,orf5 by Exp.) 1 Ot»
I ■• •• curved point St. 15. .per ^i doz (i 25

Labels for lioiiey, ill bltie and gold, duk bronze and
gold, or in white printed in two colors, furnished
with .> our own address, and source from which the
honey wsis gathered, already gummed, post paid by
mail, (no order rec^l for less than 250). Ac these
low rates, the full iiumtjer mentioneil )m«s< be or-
dered without the chanire of one single letter of the

type 1000.?3,2.i; 500,S2,40; 250, Sl,8«

0 1 Lithograph of the Hexagonal A|»iary 2.t

I Lamp, Nursery for hatchJngqueen cells as built 5 00
n I Laivae, lor queen rearing, from June to Sept. 2.t
15 i Jilicroscoijc, Compound, in Mahogany box... 3 W
0 I Piepared objeccs lor above, such as bees''

I wing, sting, eye. foot, etc.. each 25

0 I Medley of Bee-Keepers' Photo's, (150 Photon's) 1 (H»

0 I Magni lying Glas.-, Pocket 50

0 I •• " Double lens, brass, on 3 feet 1 Ot)

7 I Muslin, Indian head, for quilts anil cushions
I per yard, pretty stout, lut not good asducf;. 10

I Paralhi'?, for waxing barrels, per iionnd 20

0 I Photo, of House Apiary and Improvements-. 2.^

2 I llabbetp. Metal per t')ot Oi

SECTIOX BOXFS IN THE FLAT, PEE 1,(J00.

Any dimen.sions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 00

The above is 50 cubic inches ; for larger sizes add Wi-
per 1.000 for each additional cubic inch or fraction of an
inch, outside measure. Extra prices for hss than .500.

.Just right to tit in L.fr;xaies,2x4j^x43»' 0 £0

Sample by mail with fdn 5

If the grooving for holding the fdn- is omitted, 25c less
per 1,000. Sections weigh from 7 to 10 Ihs per 100.
10 I L. frame made 2 inches broad to hold 8 sections 5

25 I The same with 8 sections 13

25 1 The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

forttie bees .20

Adding tin separators to either of the above will in-
crease the price .tc, and the postage fiC.
<i I Section boxes, fancy, hearts, stars, ci-osses, etc. each 5

3 I Sheets of <luck to kc«p the bees from soiling

) or eating the cushions 10

i SaSicy lie acid, for foul brood, per oz 5i>

0 Scissors, tor clipping queen''s wings 40

18 I Seed, Alsike Clover, raised neoy ks, por lb.

Summer Rape- Sow in June amlJuly. 15

" Chinese Mustard, per OK 25

" Mignonette per lb. (20c per oe.) 1 50

" Mellilot. or Sweet Clover, per lb 100

Silver Hull Buckwheat (peck l>v express, 75c) 10

Smoker, (^linbv's (to Canada l.'c extra) 1 50

I>oolittle\s 25

" Biiigham''s If"

10

18 1

01
lb
18
18
10

5
10 I

2 I Tacks, Galvanized

5 I Tins for fastening glass in action boxes, 1000. . . 25

5 I Thermometers 40

0 I Veils, Bee, with lace of Brussels net, (silk).. 7.t
0 I The same, all of tarletan (almost as good). .. ."iO

I Wax Extractor 3 .'0

I Copper bottomed boiler for above 1 50

5 I Wire Cloth, for Extractors, tinned, per loot. . 15

21 " ■' (Juecn Cages 12

Above is tinned. and meshes aie 5 and 18io the inch-

3 I Paint«l wire cloth. 14 mesh to the inch 7

All goods delivered on bo.ard the cars here at prices

named.

:^~We will pay $1.53 cnsh, for Vol. III. -V. I. ROOT.

W3

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

(J) - i« ^ „

O S Sii-?

US »^ •■ . ^

A.J3"^EI^TISE3>wfl:EISr'rS-

Advertisements will be received at the rate of 20
cents per Itne. Nonpareil space, each insertion, cash
in advance; and we leciuire that every Advertiser sat-
isfies us of responsibility and intention to do all that
he agrees, and that his goods are reaily worth the
price asked for them.

THE BEE-KCEPEKS' MAGAZINE, an illus-
trated monthly journal ol
32 octavo pages, devoted
exclusively to bee-rulture;
edited by Albekt J. King,
.containing contributions
)from Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper,
and experienced bee-keep-
ers in America and Eu-
rope, A large space is de-
voted to beginners, giving
useful information just
when it is most needed throughout the vear. Terms,
61.50 per year. The Bee-lveepers' Text-Book in Ger-
Tiian or Encjlish, and the Bee-Iveepers'' Magazine one
year $1.70. A 64 page pamphlet (price 50c) containing
:i beautiful life-like Cliroiiio of Honey-Plants
and Italian Bees in their natural colors, with prize
of Mrs. Tupper, (iueen rearing by M. (.iuinby. instruc-
tion for beginners, etc., sent free witli the Magazine,
on trial, 4 months for 50 cents. Agents wanted— cash
commission and permanent employment. Address

A. J. KING & CO., 01 Hudson St., N. Y.

Every Bcc-keeper slioiild subscribe for it.

The American Bee Journal

Is the best scientific mid practical Jourii:il of APICUL-
TURE in the world. The most successful and experienced
Apiarians in Europe, as well as America, contribute to its
pages. In fact, it is the oldest and largest Bee Paper in
the English language. S2. Per Annum. Send a Stamp
for a Sample Copy. Address THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
tt 18 i Clark st., Chicago, 111.

In the Standard Langstroth frame at 25 cents each.
My former partners having cjuit the bee business, we
have a fiiiantity of good combs at above price.
4tfd Address F. T. NUNN, Peru, Huron Co., Ohio.

Names of responsible parties will be inserted iu
either ot the following departments, at a uniform price
of 10c each insertion, or 11.00 per year.

Nameft inserted in this department the first time ttrith-
out charr/e. Ajter, 10c. each insertion, or ^1.00 per yeo?:

Those whose names appear below, agree to furnisli
Italian t^neens the coming season for .si.OO each, under
I the following conditions : No guarantee is to be as-
sumed of pnrity, safe delivery, or anything of the
kind, only that the qneen be reared from a choice, pure
mother, and had commenced to lay when they were
shipped. They also agree to return the money at any
time when customers become impatient of such delay,
as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best qvieens, puJ
up neatest and most securely, wilJ probably receive
tlie most orders. Special rates for warranted an(3
I tested queens, fnrnished on application to any of the
parties. Names with *, use an imported »}ueen moth-
er. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.

*C. C. Vaughan, Cohimbia, Tenn.

*Wm. W. Gary. Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass,

*J. Oatman & Co., Dundee, 111.

*E. VV. Hale, Wirt, C. H., West Va.

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md.

*Dr. J. P. II. Brown, Augusta, Ga.

•Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis.

•Wm. J. Andrews, Columbia, Tenn.

*Aaron J. Weidner. Bigler. Adams Co., P:u

*J. II. Nell is, Canajoharie, N. Y.

Miss A. Davis, Holt, Ingham Co., Mich.

1). A. Pike, Smithsbnrg, Wash. Co., Md.

*W. A. Kddy, Easton. Adams Co., Wis.

J. B. Dinep, Libertyville, St. Francois Co., Mo.

*T. G. McGaw, Monmouth, Warren Co., Ills.

*E. C. Blakeslee, Medina, Ohio.

*A. I. lioot, Medina. Ohio.

*H. H. Brown, Light Street, Columbia Co., Pa.

ITALIAN BEES.

Full colonics $10,00 each ; tested queens S3,00 ; war-
ranted queens $2,00 ; not warranted $1,00. Queens bred
from imported mothers and selected home bred stock.
Sent by mail at my risk. Swarms sliipped in Langstroth
hive and one frame of comb $7,00. Langstroth hives sin-
gle one S.'.OO. Lots of 5 to 10 at Sl,50 each— cap 7 inches,
one coat of piiint, no portico.

T. Ci. McGAW, Monmouth.
-9d Lock Box Of. Warren Co., 111.

3-8
3-2
1-12

6-t;

1-ia

1-12
1-13

4-!»

5-11

5-4

5-0

« 11

0-7

0 •)

6tlV»

7-(;

We whose names appear below agree to sell a good col-
ony of Italian bees with tested queen, in new one story
hive, for 810,00. If in an old hive, $1,00 less. Sale arri-
val guaranteed.

A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

Hl-ve ManTxfactiirevs.

Who agree to make snch hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

M. S. Wc.=it, Pontiac. Mich. 6-5

Geo. W. Simmons, Newark, Del. 1-12

Isaac L. Parker, McMinnville, Warren Co., Tenn. .3-2
Thos. F. Wittman, Camden, N. J. 6-5d

TESTED QUEENS for S2.50, with 2 frame nucleus
full of brood and bees So.f 0, five for §25.00 ; all from
imported mother. The -iame with a dollar ((ueen $|..00.
E. C. BLAKESLEE, Medina, Ohio.

§4okd U ^m ttnd %cnmi,

And Peace on Earth and Good Will toward Men.

Bl^ J^. I. IJ^OOT.

T®i® T®

Ato,^tos% ISf f ®

If ®® S®

PATENT HIVES— WHAT FRA^IE OR HIVE TO USE— SHALL AVE USE AN EXTRACT-
OR, OR RAISE COMB HONEY?— ITALIANS— THE BEE MOTH— SPACE FOR COMBS
—FOUNDATION.

While I earnestly try to maintain a broad "charity for all, and malice toward none," and while
I do not wish to take upon myself the responsibility of dictating a course for others, I feel It a
duty to discourage with all my might, both by pi-ecept and example, everjihing in the shape of
patented bee hives, or patents on anything pertaining to bee-culture. On the other hand I shall
try to encourage every one to do all in their power to advance the common good of all. I do nf)t
believe the world "selfish and gi-asping," but have unlimited confidence in the disposition of our
people to desire to pay for everything they get, and to reward those who work for them disinter-
estedly, when they once get a clear understanding of the matter. If you have made a valuable
invention or discovery, give it to the people rejoicing that you have been enabled to contribute
>c>ur mite to the common good, and in seeing others happy, and sooner or later, you will surely
have your reward. NotJiing is patented in the shape ofhivex or implements, that we advertise.

I recommend the Langstroth frame for everybody, and for every purpose whate%"er, in pref-
erence to an^-thing else, and I have pretty thoroughly experimented witn all shapes and sizes.
There may be other forms that will give just as good results, but I do not believe there are any
better. For all general purpose, I advise the Simplicity hive holding ten of the above frames.
The hive is made of '^ lumber, and is 20Vi by Hi inches outside measure. The Lang-^troth frames
as our gauges make them, are IV^s by f^s (.ntside measure. As the chaff hive is the same thing
with an outer shell to hold the chaff that liroteets the hive from the winter's frosts, as well as
summer's sun, no confusion can nsult from using both in the same apiary.

Produce just whichever pays l)est in your own market, and no one can tell so well as you,
yourself, can l)y trying both ; you can perhaps i)roduce a nice article of extracted for about 15c.,
as cheaply as comb honey for 20c. You can produce thin, raw, unripened honey without any
trouble for 10c. or less, but it will probabl.\ pay you best to give your customers an article as good
in every respect as that found in the nicest comb honey.

If your hives are all full, upper story and lower, and the honey is still uncapped, put on a
third one, and neither let your bees hang out idly nor swarm, if it takes another story still. When
they get to crowding out, give them rfiom if you liave to sit up all night to do it.

The comparative advantages of the tilack or coiiuiion ))('fs ami Ifiilians, is a matter that no
longer admits of discussion, and 1 must consider the ver.\' few indi'.iduals who write in favor of
the former as belonging to that class of unfortunates who seem to delight in being contrary. If
ti Ills of 111 mey are to be considered a proof, the matter has long ago been amicably settled in favor
of the Italians.

The bee moth need hardly lie mentioned now, unless it is to advise you to drive them out with
Italians, for whenever they come into a neighborhood, the m.oths get out without any farther
trouble or bother. This one feature alone, is enough to justify introducing Italian queens in
plac-e':of the blacks.

The usual space allowed for brood combs is about 1 7-16 inches, but the matter is not at all im-
portant. They can be worked as closely as 1?8, or as far apart as l?i. For surplus honey we
^vol!Icl liave about 'Z inches space from centre to centre of the combs.

Perhaps no one thing in bee culture, ever brought f(jrth such unbounded tokens of approval,
as has the comb foundation. All controversies are at an end and nothing now remains but to de-
^■ise ways and means whereby the expense of its manufacture may be cheapened.

■■'^.'^.'-''e^'^'% 1^.

(^

-^

200

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Al'g.

Contents of this Number.

Section Boxes 203

White and Yellow Fdn 303

Moving- Colonies with "Virgin Queens 203

Foul Brood, and Salycilic Acid 203

Honey Knives 204

Temperature for Wintering 204

Small Steam Engines versus Foot-power 304

Ripening Honej' 204

Longstroth Frame for Wintering 305

Patent Hive Circulars, Noti-S warmers, &c 206

Italian Bees, Box honey, &c 207

Toads and Bees 216, 307

Comb Honey Hi inches thick 208

Fdn. just the Thing for Natural Swarms 308

Rape and Rocky Mountain Bee Plant 208

Marketing Honey 209

Honey, How to take it from the Hives 210

Clipping Queen's Wings 312

Comb Basket 313

Candy for Bees, How to Make 313

Queen Cages, How to Make — 313

Chaff Hives 308, 318

Gloves in the Apiary 317

Introducing Queens to new Swarms 317

Too much Honey 217

Di^■itling after the Honey Season is over 218

Poplar 318

Transferring after Swarming 318

Honey Dew ; 218, 219

Absconding 319

Utility of Sawdust 319

Distance Italians Fly 319

Zinc and Galvanized Iron for Utensils in the

Apiary 230

Thick and Thin Hives 230

Killing Drones in the Spring 230

Imported Stock 320

Making Section Boxes, Clamp for 316, 323

Bees on a Rampage.— A Lesson for Careless Bee-
Keepei-s ,324

Home Bred Italian Qneens,

Post°paid 75 Cents.

Estimates furnished on hives of all styles and finish.
R. FERRIS, Belleville, Essex Co., IV. J.

CASH FOn BEES-WAX.

We are paying 30 cents per poimd for yellow bees-
wax, in lots of from 50 to 5,000 or more ])bmids, deliv-
ered at Syracuse, or 31 cents, if exchanged lor white
wax. If you have any wax on hand, and can deliver
it at the above price, please do so, and we will send
you our check on receipt of the same.

ECRERMAN & WILL.
8-7 Wax-bleachers, Syracuse, N. Y.

We, in June No., (page 49) gave a letter of com
plaint about imported queens, but Mr. Camp writes
that he did not intend to complain of either Mr. Da-
dant, or Shaw, but that he feared pure Italian queens
could not be had, even in Italy. Be this as it may,
the queens that come from Italy, are so much superi-
or to those generally found here, that we certainly
can not afford to do without them. The testimony in
favor of them is so great, we shall have to be excused
from publishing any more on the subject.

COI¥IB FOUNDATION.

Having jjurchnsed :i machine for my own use I will
furnish the fdn. in strips any length by 5 inches or less
wide at 75c. per lb. if I can get the

I5ees-^vax: "Wanted.
I will ]jay 30c. cash for clean yellow wax delivered here.
I refer to the Editor of this Journal.

GEO. M. DALE.
Border Plains, Webster Co., Iowa. 8-9

One pound, per gross §4 75

Two " " " C 75

Corks for above, per gross 65

Larger sizes furnished if wished.
7-8 Address F. T. NUNN, Elyria, Ohio.

O^MB^OUITDATIOM

THREE SIZES

4:5 to 55c. per Pounds

Warranted Pure Beeswax.

O- O. DPEI^I^-IlSrE, CHICAGO.
Send for Circular. 6-8cl

Extra large '2 j^ inch tube $1 75

Per mail 2 00

Standard 2 inch tube 1 50

Per mail 1 '>0

Small l?i inch tube 1 00

Per mail 1 25

These smokers differ only in size.
T. F. BINGHAM,
7-8 Abronia, Mich.

Imported (|iieeiis SeeelYed Weekly.

One Imported Queen S7 00

Single Queens to old customers 6 00

Special rates for larger quantities.
Safe arrival guaranteed. CH. DADANT & CO..

8tf Hamilton, Hancock Co., 111.

Q^TJEEWS.

Shuck's Universal Bee Hive

Is the most convenient ; can be opened t!ioroi;ghly in a
few moments, has room at side tor surjilus boxes, and
packing for winter ; can be divided into several deiiart-
ments for queen-rearing, if desired ; no useless rii-'si'iS
about it; hanging frames as easily lifted as you would
pick w.t a sticl< ; winters bees upon their summer stands
perfectly; is cheap, and not patented. One hive complete,
SS.Oi'. When hive is wanted, send size of frames. Money
in advance. Tunds are only at my risk when sent by
Draft, Monev Order, or Registered Letter.

Address J. M. SHUCK, Des Moines, Iowa.

Untested and unwarranled queens §1.00 ; tested queens
$2.50. Queens to be sent during the months of August
and September. Address J. SHAW & SON.,
8-9 Chiitham Centre, Medina Co., Ohio.

P. S.— Nearly all the queens in our apiary were reared
from an imported mother.

Queens bred from Imported or home bred stock.

Sale arrival guaranteed. Will send you every time
just what y oil order.

"Unwarranted queen »1 iH)

" •' per dcz 11.50.

Warranted " ■ 1 50

•^ per half doz ^ OO

" " per doz... 14 00

Tested " before July 1st 3 50

after " " 2 50

" " " " '-.Ifor 9 00

a ii " " "per doz.. 20 00
2 frame nucleus (frame 11x12) and tested (jueen

after July 1st ^ Of

5 game ^0 oo

Same and unwarranted tiueen 4 00

5 " " 17 00

2tf J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee, Ills.

OOIVIBS.

In the Standard Lansrstroth frame at 25 cents each.
Mv former partners having quit the bee business, we
have a quant.itv of good combs at above pnce.
S Address " F. T. NUNN, Peru. Huron Co., Ohio.

1877-

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

201

REMOVAL.

The Brooks Bro's. have removed their Apiary from
Columbus to Elizabethtown, Ind., and would »)e pleased
to send you their new circular. Send for it before pwr-
chasini? vour queens or Uees.

Actdress, J. M. BKOOKS & BRO.,

4-0 Elizabethtown, Ind.

BEFOi^E i>TJi^cia:.A.snsr<3-

Supplies for your Apiary, send a Postal Card for our
Price List of Hives, Frames, Sectional and other Boxes
of any. desired pattern. Comb Foundations, Metal Cor-
tiers 'and Tested and Untested Queens from Imported
mother. J. C. & H. P. SAYLES,

3-8 Hartford: Wis.

THE

jBritisli Bee •Toumal,

Cs a lar^e, beautilully printed, and profusely illus-
crated MONTHLY; clear type and line heavy paper.

It is conducted bv CHARLES NASH ABBOTT, Han-
well, W., Lomloii, England. Annual subscription,
liaU'-a.guinea.

We will send it with Gleanings and pay all jwstage
lor $-2.50.

Improved Qiiiiiby Smoker.

Quinby's " Bee - KeepinR Explained."
Box material for as practical a box as can
be made. Glass . cheaper than ever be-
fore. Queens. Hives. Colonies, Extractors,
Hive Clasps, Bee Veils, etc.

Send for Illustrated descriptive Cir-
cular. L. C. ROOT,

Jlohawk, Herkimer, Co., N. \.
4tf ,

I own. latest aiui 6esi machinerjj and proinpily supply

Pure Beeswax Comb Fouudatioii.

at the following low prices : Made from yellow wax,
"tcperlb. ; white wax, 90c per lb. Slieets 12 inches
wide or lees and as long as wanted. Five cells to the
inch and 4 to 8 square leet to the pound. Packed in
hght wooden boxes— paper between the sheets,
^sheets cut to any desired size. Ten per cent discount
on 50 lbs. or more. Wax delivered here, will be
worked up lor 3sc per lb. or for half the wax. High-
est cash price paid for pure wax delivered here.
Freight ov Express charges to be paid by the purcha-
ser. By mail, add -ioc per lb. to above prices. Order
early before the shimmer rush. Sample by mail, K c.

Enlarged circular, giving prices ot Queens, Bees,
Hives, Boxes, Extractors, etc., etc., sent free to all.
tt tells how to introduce queens, how to use founda-
tions, and many uselul hints.

ITALIAN QUEENS FOR 1877.

I warrant safe arrivals of all my queens by mail.

Tested queens June 15th to July 15th each $3 00

after July 15th, each 2 50

six 13 00

" " " " per dozen 22 00

Warranted queens, each 1 50

six , 8 00

" " per dozen 14 00

Dollar queens, each, 1 00

" " per dozen 11 50

tf J. H. NELLIS, Canajoharie. N. Y.

ITALIAN BEES^

Imported and home bred queens ; full colonies and
nucleus colonies; bee-keeper's supplies of all kinds.
Queens bred earlv in the season. Send for catalogue.
<ttf " DR. J. P. H. BROWN,

Augusta, Ga.

HONEY BOXES of all sizes or knids furnished at
reasonable rates on short notice, also the Lan«stroth
frames. Give the size of box or section wanted and I will
idve prices. Address, R. R. MURPHY,

t>-8 Garden Plains, Whiteside Co., Ills.

Wni. IV. Cary, Colerain, Frankhn Co., Mass. Six-
teen years experience in Propagating Queens direct
from imported mothers, from tlie best district in Italy.
Persons purchasing Queens or Swarms from me will get
what they bargain for. Send for circular. 3 in q.

COMB FOUNDATION.

PURE BEES WAX.

Although it is close work, I have decided to undertake
furnishing fdn. at my friend Perrine's scale of prices, as
follows :

Packed in neat wocden hoses — paper between every
two sheets. per lb. per pckir.

1 lb.6x(i, by mail 80c 89

.3 " 12x18, or SxlGM, by mail 80c *2 40

5 " " •' by freigfat or exp. .Wc 2 Ih

10 " " '• '• '• " . . .Vjc .5 50

25 " " " " " " .. Wc 13 2.5

'50 « " " « « « . . 53(. 38 o«

100 " " " " .' '' .. 50e .50 00

500 " « « -« « " , . 4«c 340 Oe

1000 " " ■" " ■' " . . 45c 450 OH

White wax, 25c per lb. extra, if wanted, \}\ii we consider
the yell6w in every respect preferable ; even for comb
honey.

The fdn. is kept in stock, in sheets 12x18 inches, and
8xl6>4 inches [exact size needed for L. brood frames!
packed in boxes of 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and lOO lbs. each, and
shipped only in these boxes at the above prices.

There are 5 cells to the inch, and one jxjund of wax
makes fi-om 4 to it square feet of surface. The thinnest
will be U!.ed by the bees, but is not made into comb as'
qmckly as the heavier, which has a greater depth of cell.

If 60 lbs. are wanted, send money for a 10 lb. box and a
50 lb. box, Ac. The difference in price is only enough to
cover the difference in cost of boxing, packing, &c.; five l<f
lb. boses, and packing, handling and nailing up live box-
es, cost much more ihan one 50 lb. box, and packing,
handling and nailing up one box.

As these packages are all put up and kept in stock,
there can he no variation, unless at an additional price.

Now, my friends, if you want all sorts of quantities, or
want it cut all sorts of sizes. I will accommodate you with
all the pleasure in the world, for ten cts. pee lb. extba.

Wax will be worked up to order, and cut into sheets of
any size desired, for 25c per lb. in quantities of ItK) lbs. or
more.

We will pay 30c per lb. cash for bright yellow wax, or
sell it for 35c.

At above prices we can pay no express or freight
charges either way.

Comb Foundation Machines.

Machines for making sheets 1 foot wide - Sl< 0. oo
Expressly for L. frame, 9 inches wide - 50 tQ

For making 5 inches for section boxes - 30 0(i

Double Boiler for above machines, - S3.C0, 3.50 and 4.0(»
Dipping plates per pair. - - §1.00, 1..50 and 2.00
The above prices are for cells 4^ or 5 to the inch.
If drone size i3 wanted, adti SIO, §5 and ^i respectively
to above prices. The machines are all ready for use,
and lull instructions will be sent to each purchaser.
Address, A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

We have sold machines for making fdn. toC.O. Perruie,
Chicago, Ills.; to D. A. Jones, Benton, Ont., Canada ;
to J». M. Madory, Los Anselos. Cal.; J. H. Nellis, Canajo-
harie, N, y. ; to Lewis Walker, Ventura, Ventura Co..
Cal.; to.G. M. Dale, Border Plains, Iowa.: to Rev. J. Van
Eaton, .York, Livingston Co., N. Y'.; to G. W. Gates,
Bartlett, Tenn.; to Wm. S. Hersperger, Frederick City,
Md.; to Wm. Raitt. Lifi by Dundee. Scotland ; to W. R.
Bishop, Sherwood, Wis.; to James B. Hawkes, Arhngton
Heights, 111. ; to W. S. Bo.vd, Bethany, Ohio ; to A. W.
Foreman, M. L\, White Hall, Ills., and to Mre. M. D.
Minor, Amsterdam, N. Y.

The four former were 12 inch, and the rest, 5 inch ma-
chines. We presume all will be ready to furnish fdn.
at our prices. Also to C. R. Cariin, Bayou Goida, La.,
one 550.00 machine.

We will send Gleanings—

With The American Bee Journal (S2.00) $2.50

'• The Bee Keeper's Magazine (1..50) 2.0O

" Both The above Bee Journals cf America 4,00

" British Bee Journal ($2,00) 2,50

" All Three 5,.50

" American Agriculturist (81.60) $2.25

" Prairie Farmer ($2.15) 2,90

" Rural New Y'orker ($2..50) 3,25

" Scientific American ($3.20) 3,90

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener ($1.00) 1,75
[Above rates inchide all Postage.]

202

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Aug.

Price List of Bees, Queens, Etc., for 1877.

1 Full colony .. .. with tested queen 813 00

1 three name nucleus " " '' ^ ?"

1 " •' " " dollar " 4 00

1 tested queen 'f fj{

1 untested " • ,', ^«i„!^

A discount of 10 per cent will be made on all orders
of more than $10,00 each. All my queens are ralsea
from Imported Mothers, I only suaranteeing the sate
arrival of all tested queens within 1000 miles. The
money must accompany each order, and all oraera
will be filled strictly in rotation. My location enables
me to furnish queens much earlier than parties tar-
t^north. Ad^:-^^t'HALE.WirtC^H^^W^Va^

1577, Italian Queens, 1877.

Italian queens, warranted as good in every respect
as tested queens, $l,tO each. Safe arrival guaranteed
by mail. H. ALLEY,

8 Wenhara, Essex Co., Mass.

BOOKS for BEE^EPERS and OTHERS.

Any of these baoks will be forwarded by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.

In buying books, as every thing else, we are liable to
disappointment if we make a purchase without seem?
the article. Admitting that the bookseller could read all
the books he offers, as he has them for sale it were Ijardly
to be expected he would be the one to mention all the
faults, as well as good things about a book. I very much
desire that those who favor me with their patronage, shall
not be disappointed, and therefore, I am going to try to
prevent it by mentioning all the faults s9 far as I c in,
thiit the purchaser may know what he is getting. In the
following list, books that I approve I have marked with a
*, those 1 especially approve* *; those that are not up
to times t ; books that contain but little matter for the
price, large type and much space between the lines % ;
foreign §.

BOOKS ESPECIALLY FOR BEE-KKEPEE9.

Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee**t t2 00

Quinby's Mysteries of Bee-keeping**t

Hee-keeper's Text Book*t muslin

" " '• '' *t... .paper

A Manual of Bee-keeping, by Johic Hunter*§..
Manual of the Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook**.. . .

How I Made $;}50 a Year with my Bees* tS 25

How to make Candy** 50

Art of Saw-tiling*t 7o

Lumberman's Hand Book*** i»

Puller's Grape Culturist** 1 50

1 50
75
40

1 25
30

MISCELLANEOUS HAND BOOKS.

Ten Acres Enough**

rive Acres too Much* *

Tim Bunker Papers*

An E'^g Farm, Stoddard**

Window Gardening

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor*

How to Use the Microscope

Play and Profit in my Garden*

'•Our Digestion," by Dio Lewis**

Onion Culture*

Potatoe Pests, by Prof. Riley **

Practical Floriculture*

Gardening for Prolit**

Strawberry Culturist, Fuller*

Small Fruit Culturist, Fuller*

Forest Tree Culturist, Fuller*

How to Build Hot-Houses, Leuchar§

Draining for Profit and Health, Wannns

What I know of Farming, Horace Greely

Injurious Insects, Prof. A. J. Cook***

Scroll sawinsj, Sorrento and Inlaid work *%

Steam and the Steam Engine

Moody's Best Thouiihts and Discourses ***

Moody and Sankey's Gospel Hymns, words only

" *' " words and music, paper

" " " " " boards

Murphy Temperance Pledges, per 100 cards

One doz. above, as samples

1 25

1 50

1 50

50

1 50

25

75

1 50

2 00
20
50

1 50

1 50

20

50

1 50

1 50

1 50

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10

1 50

75

75

06

30

35

40

07

BOOKS THAT I HAVE NEVER EXAMINED, BUT THAT ARE
IN GOOD REPUTE.

Broom Corn and Brooms paper 50 cloth 75

Cider Maker's Manual, Buist 1 50

American Pomology, Warder

Canary Birds paper 50. . . . cloth

Farmer's Barn Book

Pear Culture, Fields

American Bird Fancier

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Bement's Rabbit Fancier

Bommer's Method of Making Manures

Burn's Architectural Drawing Book

Burr's Vegetables of America

Cooked and Cooking Food for Domestic Animals...

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets

Dana's Muck Manual

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. .

Gun, Rod, and Saddle

Harris on the Pig

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One

How to Use the Pistol

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy

Johnson's How Crops Feed

Johnson's How Crops Grow

Klipparts Wheat Plant

Leavitt's Facts About Peat

Mrs. Cornelius's Young Housekeeper's Fripnd

Plummer's Carpenters an d Builder's Guide

Skillful Housewife....'

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas

Cranberry Culture, White

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard

Farming by Inches, Barnard

Gardening for Money "

My Ten Rod Farm "

Strawberry Garden "

Carpentry Made Easy, Bell

Fur, Fin, and Feather

Fish Culture, Garlick

How Plants Grow, Gray

Manual of Botany and Lessons, Gray

School and Field Book of Botany, Gray

New Cook Book, Mrs. Hale

My Farm of Edgewood

American Angler, Norris

Rhododendrons. Rand

Landscape Gardening, Downing

Guenon on Milch Cows

Sorgho, or the Northern Sugar Plant, Hedges

My Vineyard at Lakeview

Shooting on the Wing

American Wheat Culturist, Todd

Cotton Planters' Manual. Turner

Practical Butter Book, Willard

Youatt on the Hog

Youatt on Sheep

Garden Veeretablos, Burr

Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, Downing

Complete Works on Chemistry, Leibig

Gardening for Ladies, Loudon

Riley on the Mule

Flax Culture {seven prize essays by practical growers)

Peach Culture, Fulton's

How To Paint, Gardner

Gregory On Cabbages. . . .paper

Gregory On Squashes paper

Gregory On Onions paper

Injects Injurious To Vegetation.... Plain, $4 00..
With coloied plates, $C> 50

Gardening For Pleasure, Henderson

Hop Culture

Jenny June's Cook Book

Cotton Culture, Lyman

Manual Of Flax Culture and Manufacture

Parsons On The Rose

Potatoe Culture, (prize essay) Jjaper

Money In The Garden, Quinn

Pear Culture For Profit, Quinn

Manual On The Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P. Roe

Farm Implements And Machinery, Thomas

Earth Closets, How To Make Them, Warring

Gardening For The South

Cranberry Culture

Practical Poultry Keeper, Wright

Pent And Its Uses

II (dices And Evergreens, Warder

IJook On Birds, Holden

Sorghum And Its Products

Taxidermist's Manual

Practical Trout Culture

Farming For Boys

Silk Grower's Guide

Painter, Guilder and Varnisher

Mushroom Culture

The Farmer's Receipt Book

The Model Potatoe

Apple Culturist, Todd

Youman's Household Science

3 00

75

1 50

1 25

30

1 75

30

25

1 00

3 00

20

3 DO

1 25

5 00

1 OO

1 50

1 25

50

1 25

2 00

2 00
1 75
1 75
1 50
1 00

75

3 75
1 25

.38
38

1 50
38
38

5 00
50

1 50

1 25
3 00

2 50
2 00
1 25

5 50
1 50

6 50
75

1 50
1 25
75
1 50
1 50
1 00
1 00

1 00

2 50
5 00
2 00
2 00
1 50

30
1 50
1 00
30
30
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1 50

30
1 50
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25
1 50

25
1 50
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50
1 50

1 00

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2 00
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1 50

25
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1 on
1 50
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I 25
1 50

3 00
5t)
50

1 .50
1 75

d3e:voti2i> to i3e:3i:« atsi> noivEHkr, A]vi> homce: interests.

Vol. V.

AUGUST 1, 1877,

No. 8

A. I. ROOT,

Publisher and Proprietor
Medina, O.

'•L

Published Moutlily. ^^ ... ^„_

< vaiicc; 3 Copies for %2. 50 ; 5for%3.75i
Estal>llslie«l in 1873. LlO or more, GOc. each. Single Number 10c.

r terms: «1.00 Per Annum in Ad-

-^ V5 - - . - - -

SECTION BOXES, WHITE AND YEI^IiOIV
FUN., Ac.

flHEY are the wonder of all my bee-keeping
neighbors who see how raj- bees are filling
, them with the most beautiful comb honey. The

principle is all right. When 1 can get bees to go to
work in boxes when I want them to, I, like Novice,
am converted to box honey. I am running all my old
stock, 32 hives to extracted honey, and all of the in-
crease to section boxes and this is the way I do it : I
take a one story Simplicity, put 7 metal cornered
frames in centre, a frame "of sections at each side,
carry it to the stand of a strong stock, and open the
old hive, shake every bee off of the combs into my
Simplicity, replace the combs and carry them to the
stand of another strong stock which I remove to a new
stand. The swarm put in the empty hive, may swarm
out, if it does, hive it in a box, remave your Simplicity
lo a new stand and then hive them in it again, when
they will work as a new swarm. The way they
"c/)au'" out that fdn., especially the yellow will as-
tonish any one. If starters only are used the color is
no objection, but if the boxes are filled with fdn. I
think tlie white is worth all the difference.

We are blessed at present with an abundant flow of
thin clover honey. It is just to my hand as I am
wanting some comb built and have sold 10 swarms. I
hope however the weather will get drier before clo-
ver is gone that I may get some ripe honey.

HOW' TO GET RID OF DUONE COMB.

Take from a strong stock that has a young laying
queen, 4 frames of worker comb, extract the honey,
cut the combs out and lay them in j^onr extracting
room, and replace the empty frames alternately in
in the hive with full ones. Now as you extract, when
you find any drone comb, cut it out and graft in work-
er comb. The drone comb that you cut if very new,
will do for starters in sections; if it lias brood in,
shave heads off if sealed, put in cellar 48 hours then
use. The bees will clean out dead brood and you
can't tell the difference.

I don't like mitred corners for hives, if the boaids
warp they are hard to put together. I halved mine,
got them beveled and rabbeted at a saw mill. They
cost me ready to put together, 40 cents each, and they
are good ones.

MOVING COLONIES WITH VIRGIN QUEENS.

Let me caution your readers against selling swarms,
tc be moved immediately, that have virgin queens. I
have lost two that I sold to a neighbor. The bees
leave the hive and unite with stocks having fertile
queens. I think when the queen takes her wedding
trij). I have no trouble if I hive them near where
thev light.

Ilans i3 doing well with his bees, his panacea for all
ills that bees arc heir to, is chaff, and I begin to be-
lieve in it. I hope you have a i)rosperous season both
in yard and shop, and that the circulation of Glean-
ings is increasing as fast as my bees are. I can not
begin to express my appreciation of ynir A B C of
Bee Culture. If you c ntinue down to Z as you liave
begun, it will be the best thing out.

K. L. JoiNEK, Wyoming, Wis., June •22^\, 77.

We have carefully examiued comb honey
built on both white and yellow, and also
where the starters were only half way down
in the sections. By holding the comb up to

the light, we can not see any different shade
where the fdn. ended and the natural comb
commenced, and by cutting with a knife, we
discover no difference where the yelloic is used,
although there is sometimes a difference with
the white. The yellow seems to answer so
perfectly for all purposes, that we can not see
any possible need of using white wax at all ;
still, as thei'e are some who seem to have a
preference for it, we shall keep it constantly
on hand. We purchase the very best white
wax of the wax bleachers, for making it.

But why not use a piece of worker fdn., to
replace the drone comb 'i Even a queenless
colony will make all worker comb then, and
it is such a quick and simple thing to get clear
worker combs now, that we can hardly take
the time to fuss with 'the irregular natural
combs.

We too have had trouble in tryiug to move
unfertile queens, and would second the cau-
tion.

We think "Hans" is on a safe track ; " long
may he live and prosper." The ABC will
surely go down to Z, providence permitting.

SAI.ICYl.ir ACID, AND HOW TO USE IT
FOR FOITL, BROOD.

^|RIEND Muth who has successfully ban-
/t. ished foul brood from his apiary, sends
'' us the following :

It is of some importance to our friends to know the
correct recipe for the foul brood medicine so as to get
it made in any drug store. It is as follows :

128 grains of soda borax.

1-28 " " Salicylic acid.
16 ounces of distilled water.

Chas. F. Muth, Cincinnati, O., July 3d, '77.
His plan of applying it as we understand it,
is to uncap all the brood in every frame that
shows any diseased cells, and thoroughly
spray or drench, bees, brood, comb and all
with the solution. Mr. M. thinks the borax
quite au important addiiion, as he effected a
perfect cure, by a single application. From
reports received, we are inclined to think there
are different types of the malady ; those of the
milder form, yield verj' readily, and iu fact
often disappear of themselves, while the worst
forms seem proof against almost all that can
be done, except destroying bees, combs and
all ; at least reports would seem to indicate as
much, although we hope that when we get
better acquainted with it, it will be found not

204

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Aug.

so terrible after all, as has been the case with
many other obstacles to rural industry.

HOBJEY KNIVES. TEMPEKAXr'RE FOR
A¥II«TEKING, &c.

SOME QUESTIONS FROM A WOMAN BEE-KEEPEB.

^ AM a beginner in bee-keeping, had but 7 colonies
III the '28th of April last, in old miserable hives—
i— 'I have increased to 19, shall have several more. I
put all the new swarms in L. hives and they are doing
finely; some have fdled the 10 frames and arc storing
box honey from wliite clover which is abundant.

Send me the best honey knife you have, the one you
like best.

What ought the temperature of the room to be for
wintering bees most successfully? Wliat work can I
get on the subject of wintering? What is the trouble ?
In our cold climate, would a dry room— well ventila-
ted—where the mercury never goes below 40^, (with-
out artiflcial heat) bo a good place? Would I need
chaff cushions on top of frames in such a room ? If I
put wire cloth over portico is that all the ventilation
they need? Shall I put the caps on in such a room in
winter?

There are no bee-keepers here, not a movable frame
hive In this county save mine, which I sent out of the
State to get. Mrs. A. B. Smedley.

Cresco, Iowa, July 2d, 1877.

We much prefer a straight bladed knife, and
if we had one with a curved point, should cer-
tainly want a straight one also, for a multi
tude of purposes in working among the hives.
Where attachments of comb are made where
not wanted, against the side of the hives for
instance, the sharp rounded point of the flat
blade, is just what is wanted. Mr. Quinby
made the first curved point knife we ever saw
or heard of, and those we ofler are made after
his pattern.

About 40° is considered the best tempera-
ture for in-door M'intering. We know of no
work on wintering that is up to the times, but
we shall endeavor to give all the latest devel-
opments, before it is time to prepare for win-
tering. Much in regard to wintering is still
unexplained ; it is not cold weather alone, or
at least not severe cold weather, for they die
in the same way in the Southern states ; and
the great losses, are mainly in March or April,
after severe weather is past. Your dry room
should be kept perfectly dark, as well as ven-
tilated and frost proof. We would remove
the covers for in-door wintering, but would
leave the sheet of duck over the frames. The
full entrance will be ventilation enough, un-
less the colony is very populous. With the
excellent success that has attended chaff cush-
ions, we would advise using them whether the
bees are in-doors or out. In the house apiary,
which seldom or never goes below a freezing
temperature, they have proved a very decided
advantage indeed.

SMAL.Ii STEAM ENGINES, VERSl S FOOT
FOWER, Ac.

^np|\ EAR NOVICE :— I liave just been lying on top of
Mfr a row of bee hives under tlie shed, reading
4^^^ Gleanings and watching for swarms, bees fly-
ing thick around me. It takes several pairs tf eyes to
watch all the bees we have here. I want a little more
light in regard to that l}i liorse power engine that
I'riend Martin tells of, to run a foot power saw.
"We uns'' may want something of the kind down
here anotlier year. Novice can't you add buzz saw
engines to your price list? I>on't ex))ect you to send
them by mail of course. Will friend Martin please
tell us where he got his, and what it cost ? is there
any more there, and all about it ?

Bees are doing well here, from one to live swarms
per day. Will. M. Kellogg.

Bee ilanche. Miss. River, June 25lh, 1877.

Here's "what I know about engines." I purchased
mine of S. C. Forsaith & Co.. Manchester, N. H., price
$180.00. It is an upright boiler, rated at 1>2 horse
powei', occupies only about 18x24 inches floor space,
and runs at the lively rate of about 200 revolutions
per minute. You may talk ftbout your foot powers, I
wouldn't trade my little engine for all the foot powers
in the U. S. I'nless a man has the strength of a Her-
cules he will break down on the continuous treading
of a foot power, while the engine takes all tiie leg la-
bor away from you, and your saw mill sings all day
on two scuttles of coal and a few cinders, or siflings
from the grate. Witli the work we now have to do
we couldn't possibly get along without the engine,
and advise every bee-keeper with a hundred swarms
or more, to get one ; of course it will take some time
to learn to run it and understand all its kinks. We
notice a book advertised in last No. of the Agricultu-
rist that will just lill the bill for an amateur engineer.
We notice several engines advertised in the Scientific
American; The Eureka for 8150, the Little Giant S15C,
and the Domestic for §175. An engine of this size can
be put to many uses on a farm, and is a very handy
machine to have round even if you don't keep bees.

NOW ABOUT COJIB FOUNDATION.

We sent our wax to Mr. Nellis, had it worked
up and have since purcliaeed more, and we can not
say enough in its praise; the bees readily build it out
and the queen scon tills it with eggs. Without hesi-
tation we vote it a success for brood combs, while for
surplus honey we have not given it sufficient trial,
but liave some in process of filling out in section
frames.

KIPENING HONEY.

On page 180, Gleanings, we notice friend Doalit-
tle's interesting letter, in relation to tlie above sulj-
ject, and it induces us to relate a little ol our experi-
ence from experiment. We noticed last fall that the
honey cairied out in cans by our peddler, candied
very soon, and we thought it was owing to the con-
tinuous agitation it received. To test tlie Iheoiy by
experiment, I made a small churn of a quart Iruit can
and fixed it so as to run from our engine belt while
we were at our usual work and the result was just as
we expected ; the honey soon turned to a milky white-
ness with a tliick white foam, and after being set
away did not become clear again, but candied solid.
We are trying farther experiments with different
qualities of honey and think if any one wants candied
honey on short notice, we can supply it, even if we
have to churn it. This seems to corroborate Mr. Doo-
little's theory. This may also explain why some
honey candies sooner than another quality, perhaps
some swarms churn tlieir honey more than others.
Whenever we experiment with honey we frequently
think of the Scriptural mention of "the land that
flows with milk antl honey." Now is it not possible
that among the lost arts there was a combination of
these products for the use of man ?

Our bees have been doing well but recent heavy
rains have dampened tlieir ardor somewliat.

We fasten fdn. in frames in the following manner;
the under side of top bar is without groove or guide,
rub a piece of wax over this surface and then press
the edge of the fdn. down flat upon it with your table
leaf press, and then turn the fdn. down the way it
should hang in the frame. Ours sticks every time;
rubbing the wax on first gives it a foot hold.

J. H. Maktin, Hartford, N. Y., July 4th, '77.

Your little steam engines are all right, but
my friends you need a foot power saw all the
same. Although we have saws running by
power constantly, we tlnd one of the Barnes
saws so handy that we can hardly get along
without it. If we want to cut off a piece of
lath, it does the work true, exactly square,
and so much smoother than any thing that
can be done with a hand saw, that we some-
times meditate taking all the latter out of the
shop. It is true, that many of the hands would
not learn how to use the machine at all, unless
told how, over and over again. For making
packing boxes, crating odd shaped articles,
and for a great variety of odd job work, the
foot power saw is cheaper and quicker than
steam, unless an extra saw is kept constantly
running.

Thank you friend Kellogg, and I will at
once take measures to examine into, and per-

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

205

haps test the merits of these small engines.
As this will be done especially for the beuodt
of bee keepers, a full report of the matter will
be given in Gleanings.

-^■•■^

GOOD qijee::^ ci:;i.i^s. k\ e straw ver-
sus CHAFF, THE L,. F^UAITIE, Ac.

sq(^|NCLOSED you will find 25 cents to pay for as many
M/i| numbers of Gleanings as you can afTord. Now I
i^-^l am not satisfied with what you sent, and would like
to see more of your Journal, but you see we are very poor
up here ; the reason is we are very lazy ; you can't im-
agine how we enjoy laziness, and being lazy we must be
i.KUorant. Now it I'get for the 25 cents its value, I may
tr.v to raise more, but I want you to con-ect some mis-
takes. The idea of directing us, in making artificial
swarms, to collect several frames from as many hives, and
put them together, then 15 days afterward look sharn for
queens, won't do up here; neither would it do in ^Vis-
consin. I have had queens hatched in 11 days from the
time the queen was started and it is never more than 14
days. If they are left 15 days there will not be a live
queen in a cell. Our way is to be found in, " What to do
and how to do it."

Again I see that you rather give the preference to chaff
hives ; now that may be the best thing you have up there,
but it does not look best to me. If, in that cold region,
you need a hive that will keep the bees warm in winter
and cool in summer, that will equalize the temperature,
make your hive the size you want it, then nail pieces on
the corners reaching from C to 8 inches below bottom, to
the top and standing out one inch. Then put 3 strips
across, Mxl inch, from one corner strip to the other all
round, filling between the strips and the body of the hive
with rye straw, cut to the right length and placf d vertic-
ally. This straw will last ten j'ears and can be removed
in 30 minutes to the hive. It will not cost as much by
one-halt and will save nearly all the paint, provided the
top be made of tin as it should be. Such a hive, it two
story, (whi?h it should be) with the upper story filled
with dry cobs, is the best winter quarters for bees that 1
ever found in Wisconsin.

Last winter was the hardest on bees for ten years ;
three-fourths of the bees in east and middle Tenn. died
last winter, so that bee keepers are generally demor-
alized. This has been the best honey season for ten years.

I got one new idea from your front pa^e, which is that
Italian bees are "moth proof." I thought I had said all
that was to be said in their favor ; but never thought, that
It was the bees ; I thought it was the hives. I think you
are right.

In regard to the L. frame it will do -very well in this
climate, but in the North, they are not best. A frame
more nearly square is better. Bees will starve in L.
frames with plenty of honey, they can not reach the
honey at the ends when the weather is very cold, and I
hold'that no hive is what it ought to be unless it is at
once summer and winter quarters. I have tried 27 differ-
ent models of hives and 1 put the Langstroth two story
hive, No. 3 in this climate and no where in the North.

I have some 05 stands of pure Italian bees, half of them

c.ime through the winter the other half strong. [ think

that I will get from the good half 25 lbs. each, average.
This is a good country for bees, is ver f healthy, with
splendid climate. The people are "selfiifh and cjrasping."

Now if you have an extractor that will extract any
thing, more than the 25 cents, out of this letter, I will be
pleased.

Your friend and the fri» iid of all men, and women, who
are using their mental and physical powers for the good
ot the woild, and opposed to all patent bee hiccs. "May
ihe kiml Father bless you."

A native of Ohio, down in the State of Tenn.

Jameslown, June 27th, 1877. B. L. Brier.

I fear you are "too lazy" to read your sample
copy thoroughly, friend B. I said very plain-
ly, 15 days from the time the eggs were laid ;
if you give them large larvse, or larvie of difl'er-
eut ages, of course you will have to take out
the cells, in 9 or 10 days, but I would strongly
urge that the bees be comjielled to use eggs or
laivte just out of the egg, that we may have
none of those half queen, and half worker bees.
A subscriber has just s-^nt us a worker bee
that was hatched from a queen cell, and we
very often And these whei-e a weak nucleus is
allowed to have larva? of all ages to rear
queens from. .Some of these small shiny

(jueens, or worker (jueens, will lay eggs for a
few months, i)erhaps a year. What we want
is (lueens that will last 8 or 4 years. We have
quite a number in our apiary now, in their
third year, and they are just about as good as
the first season. A queen that will do good
work for -i years, is worth — how much more
than one that fails in one year':' A dollar
queen reared in this way, I consider wortii
very much more, than many of the tested
queens one year or more old. From the way
orders are sent in, I judge that others are be-
coming of the same opinion, for dollar (|ueens
raised in a large apiary, all Italians, are the
greater part of them, equal to any at any price,
and they are dlways young <(ueens.

We give a space of 4 inches for chaff, and
you speak of one inch of straw being as effic-
ient. The straw with tin cover would be
about as expensive to many of our readers, as
the chafl'hive, and just think how your apiary
would look. A hive of boards, can be repaint-
ed when it looks bad, but your rye straw — I
am afraid I should not take pride in bringing
visitors into my apiary, as I now do.

Our large honey raisers who winter with
the most unvarying success, year after year,
use the L. hive, or Quinby, which is much like
it in shape, and I can not call to mind one who
has met with such success with either the
Gallup, or American frame, as those who use
the Langstroth. Adam Griinm "who perhaps
stands at the head of all in successful winter-
ing, used an 8 frame L. hive. James Bolin
wiio winters year after year often losing less
than one in a hundred, uses the L. hive. If
any such reports have been given vvith the
Gallup or the American frames, or indeed
with any of the tall frames, I should be glad
to have them pointed out. You are in the
iSotUh, and have a hive that is ever so mnch
better, and yet your best half, you say will
give you only 25 lbs. each. I have taken over
100 lbs. of comb honey in small sections, from
several hives already — July 11 — and I very
mueh doubt if I could have done as well with
a deeper frame.

Be careful my friend liow yoa speak ill of
the people ; you are one of them. Your con-
clusion does not look "grasping," and we shall
be very glad indeed to welcome you among us,
even if you are somewhat inclined to "lazi-
ness."

1^^ >»♦ ^

I have 50 of the nicest sections built from fdn. you sent
me, that you ever saw. Quite a number of bee-keepers
came to see how the comb looked when filled ; they want
me to get a machine and make fdn. to .supply them the
next season. 1 told them I would get one and accommo-
date them. Bees are doing extra here this season. We
have more white clover than for ten years before. Bass-
wood just commencing to bloom but bees don't seem to
woik on it much. The prospect is good for a big honey
crop here. I think clover will last until the middle of
August, ('haff cushions arc going to be the hobby here,
for wintering. I will report from "Rocky Fork" apiary
after the honey season is over. N. W. Kershaw.

Hope, Ohio, July 8th, 1S77.

Basswood seems rather an uncertain honey
crop with /M of late. Year before last, we had
a bountiful flow, but last season as well as
this, only a flavoring. The trees are loaded
with blossoms, and the bees are humming over
them, but it teems to take thcin nearly all day
to get a load, for it is late in the evening, be-
fore they come home heavily laden.

206

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Aug.

SOME QUESTIONS FROM liOUISIANA.

WilLL yon please answer a Southern subscriber
a few qucbtions ? Will it pay to introduce
^ _ the Italian bee where jou are surrounded by
wol>d8 full of black bees ?

You can raise just as much honey, in our
opinion, as if the black bees were not there,
but you can not rear queens for sale, with
much probability of having them purely fer-
tilized, for the first few years. To be on the
safe side, get an imported queen, and rear all
your queens from her brood; this can be done
with very little trouble. Your hybrids will
all be excellent workers, and as they produce
pure drones, you will very soon have many
pure queens. Even the bees in the woods,
will soon become Italianized, as is the case
with nearly all of them in our vicinity now.
All you have to do, is to keep rearing all your
queens from pure stock, and nothing else, and
you can secure large crops of honey at once ;
perhaps even larger than if there were no
blacks in the neighborhood.

What causes bitter honey in the spring, the princi-
ple source of lioney being red maple, black gum, clo-
ver, all the principle fruits, &c.? Is the honey from
the yellow jasmine poisonous ?

Honey from fruit bloom is sometimes slight-
ly bitter ; we have thought it might be from
the peach, but may be mistaken. It will all
be used for brood rearing, and will do no
harm. We have never heard of any poisonous
honey except that from the laurel, and know
nothing of the jasmine.

My bees will persist in swarming, and in spite of
every precaution I continue to lose them ; I tried
clipping tlie queen's wings, and two out of three were
superseded. Does this occur often ?

You can easily stop swarming, by dividing
your stocks until they are too weak, or by ta-
king away their honey with the extractor.
Clipping the queens, has no eflect on swarm-
ing, more than to prevent them from going ofi",
and when they once swarm out, if giving them
more room will not satisfy them, you will
have to divide or let them swarm, or they will
surely supersede their queens.

IIow far can a queen be sent by mail safely, and is
it necessary to have workers in the cage witli her ?

Queens are sent safely to California by
mail, and we think will very soon be sent
across the ocean. It may not be necessary,
but we think it better to have workers in the
cage with them, say ten or a dozen ; if too
many be put in, they require so much food,
they may be in danger of starving.

I have a large tin can 24x24 inches, I wish to use it
for an extractor ; could you make the inside and gear-
ing for the L. frame to rest in it, in same position as
in the hive, and the whole to fit tliis can ? and
what would be the cost ?

Many have asked about putting inside work
into cans or casks for a home-made extractor.
It can be done, but we think seldom profita-
bly. You rarely get a convenient machine
and the expense is very often more than to
buj'' a complete machine outright. The cans
we make only cost you from |2.50 to $4.00,
and they are so light, that the expense of
shipping is but little more than for the in-
side work alone.

This has been a very good season for lioney I be-
lieve, but I did not tafec advantage of it for tlie want
of experience in the management of bees. I com-
menced this season with 5 strong colonies, increased

to 8 by dividing. I concluded I would run the old
hives for box honey, but they took tiie swarming fe-
ver and would swarm after nearly filling the boxes
with comb and honey. The most I have obtained
from one liive was in section boxes of land 2 lbs.
each, nearly 30 lbs. in all, besides 3 solid frames of
sealed lioney that I did not remove from the hive.
This was a young colony that was made in the spring
by dividing.

The people of this country take but little interest in
bees. Some few have them in box hives and log gums
large enough for two or three swarms, consequently
the worms clean them out every year or two, anil
they get but little honey. Some go to the woods for a
supply ol honey, finding plenty of bee trees in the
cypress sloughs or brakes. The trees in the swamp
generally contain from one to six gallons of honey,
sometimes dark but of fine flavor; where the bees ob-
tain it I do not know, for the swamp is overflowed
in the spring of the year when the flowers are in
bloom elsewhere. After the water falls, the Buffalo
weeds, and wild sensitive plants spring up and give
plenty of flowers but these are the only flowers I
have ever seen in the over-flowed district. We
have no basswood, or poplar, and but little clover ia
this section of country. Now, Mr. Editor, you may
put me in your "Blasted" column if you will, but "1
have some hopes yet. Wilmek Gibson.

Warsaw, Franklin Parish, La., June 19th. '77.

PATENT RIGHT CIRCULARS, NON-
SWARMERS, &o.

MERE is another of those "pesky varmints" the
patent right men. Please show him up.
. . S. IJ. Richardson, Beebe, Ark., July 1, '77,

The circular referred to is of the general
tenor, claiming for their patent hive that it ex-
cels all others wherever tried, of course. My
friends is it not a little singular that so many
hives should be better than any of the rest ?
Why not advertise them as being "very good."
and forbear speaking dispargingly of others?
This circular hardly deserves classing with
humbugs and sv?indles, although it does give
one an idea that all grooved section boxes are
patented, and that they can not be purchased
except at about four times the regular price.
The most objectionable feature of it i^ the fol-
lowing :

No swarms lost by absconding to the woods. As all
apiarians are aware, thousands of swarms are annu-
ally lost by deserting their hives (after hiving). We
are happy to inform all interested that we have per-
fected an invention which entirely prevents this in
every instance, thereby saving the price of the hive.
This is done by a simple regulator which can be ad-
justed by a child. It confines the queen to the hive,
allowing the workers to pa5S and re-pass at their
pleasure. It will be seen that the duty of the apiari-
an is to hive the swarm, properly adjust the regulator
and go about his business, without any anxiety in re-
gard to it. Should you be called away and swarms
are expected ihey may be confined to their hive in
the same manner. The queen being unable to escape
with the swarm, of course they will return to her.

In the above facts we hope to have made it plain to
you, that the labor, vexation and anxiety of losing
swarms is unnecessary, by using our improved en-
trance and regulator which gives you complete con-
trol of the swarm, conllninn' the queen to the hive, at
the same time not interfering with the labor of the
bees in the hottest weather (for the entire front is
open, an advantage claimed over all other hives).
Its passage may be entirely closed or adjusted to a
single bee passage, to preveiit robbing, &c., &c.

Ever since Mr. Laugstroth mentioned this
idea in his book, it has been a favorite theme
for patent hive men, and in spite of his testi-
mony and that of others that it was a failure,
they still make it a pretense for obtaining
money from the too credulous. Even if a de-
vice were obtained that would exclude the
queen and permit the workers to pass freely,
it would result in the loss of the queen, for
she will be very soon killed, if confined to the
hive when the bees are determined on swarm-

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

207

ing, if giving them plenty of room will not
stop them, you had better let them swarm.
We have have had two cases this season in
which the bees went back and went to work
most industriously, by giving them an entire
new ^-t of section boxes with fdu. starters.
They swarmed out just because they had fin-
ished their first set before we were aware of it.
We forbear giving the name of the friend who
sends out this circular because we think it is
more through ignorance and carelessness, than
any wish to mislead. Non-swarraers, queen
yards and all, are as yet, all impracticable.

VATENT HIVES, &C.

I have 8 colonies of the common bees In the com-
mon box hives. I commenced six jears ago with
one colony In an old log gum. The llrst year they
did not swarm. Since that time I have had 18 swarms.
They have generally done well until last year. Last
year was a very poor honey season and I lost six col-
onies of my bees during the winter. I have.no way
of getting into the hives to see how m3^ bees are do-
ing, and of course am unable to correct a^y tiling
that may be wrong with them. I have mad^- up my
mind to make a change in my hives, and hope that I
will be able to gather such information from Glean-
ings as will enable me to correct any errors that I
may have on the bubject of bee culture.

I see you are down on all patented bee hives, but
recommend the Langstroth frame for everybody.
The Langstroth hive is thought by everybody here to
be patented. I know of but three or four per-
sons in this section of the country that use them, and
they paid <e/i dollars for a hive and a farm right to
make and use them. I have not the money to
spare In that way. I think by procuring a Simplicity
hive or some other approved hive for a pattern to
work by I can make my own hives cheaper than 1 can
procure them in any other wav.

N. F. BuKNETT, Pikeville, Tenn., June 29th, '77.

Over and over again, we get letters like the
above, telling how money has been paid for
rights to both the Langstroth and American
hive, even though both have been for years
past, public property. Will this business nev-
er cease, of giving honest hard earnings, to
traveling vagabonds, and thus paying them a
premium for their dishonest practices? In
our own county, and almost in our own town,
a man has been selling rights to the farmers
for a hive under a new name, that is only a
copy of the exploded Kidder hive. These
farmers admit that none of the successful bee-
keepers all around us use such hives, or in
fact use anything patented, in the shape of
hives, but yet they are persuaded that this one,
is a great invention, and notwithstanding the
fact that they are told over and over and over
again that the hive is utterly impracticable by
our modern honey raisers who are fully versed
and up to the times in all new improvements,
they choose rather to be guided by the specu-
lator who has a right to sell.

I have sometimes thought that it was be-
cause farmers get lonesome, and want some
one to talk with, that induces them to keep
investing money where past experience shows
no one ever got any back according to repre-
sentations. These men are so very kind and
sociable, so very pleasant, and so much inter-
ested in all that pertains to farm life, it really
is a pleasure to talk with them. Well talk
and visit with them if you wish my friends,
but be very sure you do not let them get hold
of any of your money, in any shape or manner ;
do not even take one of their hives as a gift,
for the damage resulting from bringing an odd
sized frame into your apiary, is often far great-

er than the value of the money you pay them.
If you think their judgment is better than
mine, go and ask some one near you who mar-
kets honey by the ton ; patent right venders,
always giv.i these men a wide berth. They
get their money from those who have none or
only a few bees, and often from those who
have purchased all the patent hives that have
come along, and even then have not succeeded.

ITALIAN BEES, BOX HONEY, Ac.

1^ CORRESPONDENT writes us thus:- "I have
yi^*^ kept the Italians for four years an. I they have
^i^— J made no surplus honey for me while the black
bees stored lots of honey in the surplus boxes. I even
fill the boxes with comb and they will not work In
them, but lay about the hive In cliisters." Our friend
does not inform uh how many bees he keeps, theretbre
we are unable to decide just what course we would
pursue with them. If he has 1« or more stocks that
act in this way it is something we know nothing
about ; but If a single colony it would not be very
strange.

One important point in the construction of a hive
for box honey with Italian bees ."hould not be over-
looked, und that is, the brood chamber should not be
too large. If our friend has a brood chamber of from
2000 to 3000 cubic inches wc should not wonder at the
actions ol his Italians, for Italian bees are prone to
store honey in the brood chamber in preference to
the boxes If the queen does not have it occupied with
i)rood when the honey season commences', and if thev
have room to store 30 or 40 pounds in brood chamber
they will very likely not go into boxes at all, but keep
crowding the queen until the bees get lew in number,
and ai the end of the honey season we shall And there
is scarcely any brood and but few bees, but a hive full
of honey ; while if we had removed all combs that the
queen would not occupy with brood at the commence-
ment of the honey season, puttiiig boxes in their
place, we should have had a fair return of surplus. If
btcs refuse to work in boxes which they sometimes
do, there are various methods of getting them to go to
work. We will give two or three which are usually
successful. If a box, bees and all Is taken from a hive
that are at work in boxes, and set on the hive that
are loth to enter the boxes it will usually Incite them
to work also. If this does not work, fit a piece of
comb with small larva; Into one or two boxes and they
will generally commence work in the rest. If this
does not answer drum or shake from the Irames the
larger part ol the bees and the queen and put them In
a box or hive, and when they get to building comb
finely put them back and we never knew them to fail
to work, going right to the boxes and building comb
in short order. In drumming out the bees do not
drive too close, as bees enough must be left to protect
the brood. That Italians were interior to black bees
for box honey, if properly managed, we never could
see, even In a good season, and In a poor one they will
certainly show their superiority.

In 187'/ (the poorest season we have ever had) while
our black bees were actually starving, our Italians
were making a small gain irom red clover, and at the
end of the season the report stood as follows: from
pure Italians 60 lbs. surplus box honey, from hybrids
30 lbs., from blacks nothlncr and no honey in the hives ;
and the pure Italians furnished enough besidej the
surplus stored In boxes to cariy the blacks through
the winter. G. M. Doolittle.

P. S.— The nice white comb that the drummed out
colony build while In the box, should be placed In the
boxes for starters for there Is no greater Incentive to
bees to commence work than new white comb.

Borodino, N. Y., July 10th, 1877. G. M. D.

Toads do eat bees, and they arc not at all particu-
lar whose bees they eat either. Wc have given our
minister a hive of gentle Italians ; they arc in a lawn
hive, and it looks about as pretty under the spreading
branches of a small evergreen, as almost anything
you ever saw In the shape of a bee hive ; and yet sad
to tell, his toadshlp sits right In front of the hive and
gobbles the bees up as they come in laden with the
clover honey that is nceilcd to put the finishing touch-
es on the tilled section frames.

26'8

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Aug.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Published Monthly, ,

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.

MEDINA

, OHIO.

Terms : Sl.OO Per A.nn\ini.

[Including Postage.1
For Club Bates see Last Page.

IwIE3DI3Sr-A., -^TJG- 1, IST'T'.

But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which
believe in me, it were better for him that a millhtone
were hanged about his neck, and thai he were
drowned in the depth ol the sea. ipic: Mathew; IS, 6.

See our new price list on fda. ; 45 to 55c. per pound.

Friend Boardman, of Huron, O.. has sent us a sec-
tion containing a single comb of honey, four and one-
fourth inches through, and we have sent him the §5
with the condition that he shall give it up when some
one does better. The honey must be sealed, and must
be shipped safely to us.

And now it transpires that we can use fdn. for a
natural swarm without any old combs after all. We
liave furnished hives for new swarms in that way,
and prettier combs were never before seen in our
apiary ; every one of the ten are gems of beauty, and
we have yet to see a single poor one made in that
manner. If there are bees enough to fill the hive,
they all "grow" about alike, and our swarm is about
as far ahead in 3 days as it would be in a couple of
weeks, if put into an empty hive.

m iw »^

MEDINA COUNTY HONEY CROP.

Our neighbor Shane has taken his usual 5.000 lbs.
extracted lioney and sold it to Muth for 10c. Says if
he is sure of lOo. he would never want to bother with
comb honey, even if he could get '20c. for the latter.
Mr. Rice has taken 3,000 which he is selling for 13c. in
100 lb. tin cans, to dealers in his vicinity. His tin cans
have a ne.at bail for carrying and cost him Si each.
' Shaw & Son have 2,500 extracted. Dean about the
same, besides 1,200 in section boxes. Blakeslee about
1,000 in small sections. Our own apiary has since May
1st (75 colonies) furnished bees and queens to the
amount of S300, comb honey $250, besides increasing
to 118 full colonies and nuclei.

I WISH it were possible, my Iriends, to be prompt in
everything, and to foresee just what there may be a
great demand for. With the exception of honey
knives and queens, I believe everytliing has been sent
j)romDtly this season ; the former was occasioned by a
very inopportune breakdown at the factory, and al-
jihough every customer was at once notified, we had
some rather unkind letters in regard to the matter.
To avoid a similar mishap on such a great staple,
again, we have been to the expense of a stock that
will probably last all of next season. The orders for
<iueens have been such that we had no sort of an al-
ternative but to get everybody we knew we could rely
on, to help us out. Shaw, Dean and Blakeslee w6re
very soon "swamped," and Dr. Brown, Vauglin. Cary
and others soon had to tell us to hold on also. Nel.lis
bid fair for a time to be a "solid rock," but when we
began to pour in the orders at the rate of towards a
hundred a week, \\<i too cried "hold on." Now under
such a pressure we sometimes sent to those who filled
the orders at once, and others would return orders
saying they could not fill them, etc., and so without
Its being really our fault, one of you might be delayed
a long tlnn, while your neighbor got his queens
promptly. I have tried to accommodate, even to pay-
ing 81.00 for ((ueens that 1 only received a dollar for,
yet I know I have tried your patience many times
sorely. Will you not excuse It ? Next season^— no, I
win not promise, but will try to have "S gross" of

queens on hand, as well as honey knives. I do wIsIj
we could get up the latter as safely and surely as we
can the former. Shaw, Dean and all the rest have re-
covered from the shock, and are now 1b front aJ
work ; send on your orders.

I. have used some 30 lbs. tdn. this season, purchased of
Mr. J. H. Nellis and it works to a charm, it is a perfect
success. I find that m,v queens lay in it readWy ; in manv
cases I have found them laying in it in 24» hours after put-
ting it in the hive. I think they use it full as readily as
the new natural comb. It k well known that queens
will shnn new (natnral) comb as long as there is room for
them m old comb, but not so with fdii. Those who have
pronounced it a failure did not know how to use it, or
else they did not hare pure wax fdn.

A. E. Manfm, Bristol, Vt., June 29tb, 1877.

SAPE AND EOCKY MOUNTAIN BEE PLANT.

I consider rape a orofitable crop to raise for honey. I
sowed some last season for m.v bees and was so well
pleased with the result that I have sowed five acres this
season. It usually comes into bloom immediately after
the basswood season is over. While in Ohio I visited
your friend Rice of Westfield, and he gave me some seed
of the Rocky Mountain bee yi\iint (Polinisia piirpiirea).
By the way, I have seen hundreds of acres of it in the
Rocky Mountains. I sent it home with directions for
sowing. It comes into bloom after rape. I think I never
saw bees work so industriously on any one kind of blos-
som as this, while in bloom, and it blooms equally as long
as white clover. I have sowed quite a large piece thi*
season from which I shall be better able to judge of the
quality of. the honey it produces.

L. W. Stuabt, Monmouth, Iowa, July 4th, 1877. .

CHAFF HIVES.

The chaff hives are especially suited to summer use.
The bees neither hang out nor swarm, as they do in com-
mon liives and so far as we have tried them, the chaff
seems about as important in summer as in winter, and it
will doubtless prove of great benefit in the South, as well
as in our localit.y. We have mentioned a fourth swarm of
hybrids that was put oa six combs, in one of them, last
fall ; this colony seemed to build up all winter and scarce-
ly a dead bee was seen at the entrance, or in the hive.
They have at this date furnished 75 beautiful sections,
which have been taken from the hive and sold, and as
man.v more are now in process of filling. They work ear-
lier and later than colonies in common hives, and are to
be seen coming in loaded during weather so cool that the
other bees are hardly out at all. One hundred colonies of
bees like these, would afford a very good iacome, and I
can see nothing to prevent one man, or even one woman,
from taking entire charge of them. After the hives are
once located, there is no lifting at all to be done, aside
from the frames and sections for there is no upper stor.v
to take off, and new swarms can be readily carried to fcbe
new hives ; as the cases of sections weigh only about 50
lbs., a woman could easily C!irr.v them to a platform at
one side of the apiary, where they could be convenientl.v
loaded into a wagon. After we are once started, all that
is to be carried into the apiary, is these cases of empt.v
sections, and all that is to be carried out, is the cases of
filled sections. The entire wintering preparation, consists
in removing the frames of unfilled sections, and putting
in their place the thick chaff cushions. Nothing more is
to be done to them until the.v are ready for the same
frames of sections again the following season. Every col-
ony that has workf d in sections will be amply provisioned
for winter, as a general thing, without any kind of "tink-
ering," if they have the whole lower 10 frames. The
frames of empty sections ean be very conveniently kept
over winter in Simplicity hives placed one over the other.
In this way they may be stored very compactly, and are
secure from miee and insects until wanted. There is ri6
need at all of uncapping and removing the partly filled
sections. If any of them contain dark fall honey, set
them on hives the next season a little before new honey
comes in; the bees will uncap and take it all down for
brood rearing, and the old comb will be fixed exactly as
good as new, as soon as the new honey begins to come iu-
If the sections are left on the hives until rather cool
weather in the fall, there will be no trouble with 'the
moth worms in them, but if taken off in warm July or
August weather, they may make considerable trouble.
1 do not know of an.y simpler way of getting comb honey,
than with tlie chaff hives as given above. If you use the
tin separators you will never have any brood in thesfe
small sections, "nor any combs built crosswise to hinder
and delay your work. The broad upper story containing
80 sections, spems to be just what is wanted to prevent
swarming.

1S77.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

209

3IARKETING HONEY.

ALSO SOMETIIINd AUOUT TAKING IT OFF
THE HIVES.

There is nothing- that can make a bee-keeper feel
better than clean cash for his surplus honey at the
end of the season.— .4./c«;h Oriinui, pari''. 86, Vol. /,

—Gleanings.

srfpVERYTHING nowadays depends on

^"G.ll having goods neat, clean, and in an

attractive shape, to have theni ''go off"

readily ; even our hoes have to be gilt edged,

for I noticed some at a liardware store a few

days ago, and it seemed that those that were

gilt, or bronzed perhaps, Avere selling far in

advance of the plain steel ones. We have

been told of gilt edged butter, that sold for

fabulous prices, but we hardly think it will

be advisable to have our honey put up in

that way, although we do wish it to look as

well as any other of the products of the

farm.

There is another trouble, which will appear
from tlie following note from our commis-
sion house in Cleveland, to whom we sent a
couple of the sections as a sample.

The sample of honey is very nice and we think it
will sell readily but we can not tell at what price.
Our opinion however, basetl iipon reports fn)m oth-
er markets, is that it will brinsf more now than later.
If you have a stock of it, please send iis a littk^ lot ;
do not on any account box it up invisibly ti.irht but
pack it so the express men can see what they are
handling. Give us your price and we will see how
our market will rc-spond ; by all means make it low
enouijh to sell rcudilv. Stair & Kenuel.

Cleveland, Ohio, July 5th, 18V7.

You see the hives would mike the honey
invisible, and of coursa the express men
would smash it. Now to determine about
what sized package would be best, we sent
to a manufacturer of fruit and berry crates,
for they have determined by much experi-
ence, what is probably best. We procured a
very pretty crate from Batterson of Buffalo.
It is strong, light, cheaply made and has

CASE FOR STORING AND SHIPPING HONEY.

In our price list, we advised using the
Simplicity hives for sliipping cases, but al-
though they are perliaps as cheap and strong
as almost any box we could make especially
for the pm'pose, they are not exactly what is
wanted. Tiie broad frames, and tin separa-
tors occupy considerable space and these
are just what we can not well spare, when
we are sending honey to market, for they
are wanted to put back into the hives.

convenient handles to lift it by. From this
we decided that we wanted a package com-
posed of about '1 sections in height, 4 long —
just as they stand in the hive — by 6 wide.
Tills would make just -48 sections, and they
weigh just about as nearly a pound each, as
they can well be made to do. The accom-
panying engraving will, we trust, make all
plain.
The glass is to slide in at the upper edge,

210

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Aug.

after the box is all made. If a glass should
l>e accidentally broken, one may be easily
slipped in by simply unsci-ewing the cover.
The end boards are of I stuff, 9|- inches
wide, by 12} l>ng. Tiiay are rabbetted at
)K)th upper and lower edge to let in the toi?s
and bottoms, wiiicli are of f stxTtf, Tlie ends
of the end boards, are also rabbeted just
enough to receive the ghiss ; this is done by
a single saw cut. Strii>s of f stuff, 1* wide,
are put across above and below the glass ;
they reach below and are nailed into the
l)ottom board to give it strength. Tlie case
is completed, by nailing 8trii>s of the s;ime
kind on the ends of the end boards, and it is ]
then ready to slide in the glass. To have
them look neat, they should be well painted
before the glass is put in. Oui-s were so
much admired before painting, that we an-
ticipated an additional siuinise when
they were all painted a pure white, but we
were somewhat astonished to find that the
honey looked several shades darker by the
strong contrast. Will some of our feminine
friends who have a taste for appropiate col-
ors, tell us what shade to paint our honey
cases ? White soils too easily, with the
rough handling they will be likely to get,
aside from the reason mentioned.

The two sheets of glass can be purchased
anywhere for about 12 cents, and we have
all the advantage of glassed boxes, with less
than i of the expense, for nothing can be
handier for a retailer, than to set this case
on the coimter and simply raise the cover
and hand out the neat little 1 lb. sections to
his customer. The case itself, tilled, is
about the best advertisement one can pos-
sibly have, and the contents are always free
from dust, and seciu'e from flies. No glass
is needed on the sections, for they are so
small and thick through, that they can be
safely wrapped up in a piece of paper almost
as well as a cake of soap.

After we had tinislied the first one, it was
sent as a sample, with the remark that we
thought it should retail for 2o cents ; this is
their reply :

The case of honey was received to-day and was un-
exceptionally in the hest shape of any honey we ever
saw for retailing. We had no trouble to g-et the
price, 25 cents at wholesale, closing out the entire 45
lbs. nett. We will say you may send us all you have
of such honey in same shape. We will either buy it
or sell for you as in times past.

It will not be well to crowd it on account of the
outside cases or else we would say send all you have
at once. If you have a ton or two it will not matter,
onlv we would say send about 500 lbs. at a time,
which con 111 be sent by freight if it could bo trans-
ferred at Grafton with care. Htaiu & Kendel.

Cleveland, Ohio, July 7th, 1877.

Honey put up in this shape, will be pretty
sure to sell readily in almost any town in

the U. S., and nothing further remains for
us to do, but study how we can get it in this
shai>e cheapest. I do not krtow that I ever
really enjoyed any work in the apiary more.,
and that is saying a great deal, than taking:
off these little section boxes.

I hardly know which i>lan is quickest, to
remove a wliole upper stoi-y and let the bees
leave it and go back into the hive before the
sections are takere out, or to pick out the
tilled sections as fast as completed, and re-
place them ^^^th empty ones. Wliere yoa
have a large number of hives with the boxes
mostly tilled, I would adopt the fomier plan.
Lift off the upper story and place it in front
of the hive. Now on this tirst one, place an
empty upper stoiy tilled with sections anti
fdn. After the bees are all or nearly all out,
sort out the finished sections, and put the
imtilled ones with new sections to fill it out,
into an upper story for the next hive, and
so 011^ mitil we get through. The bees will
work on sections partly filled from another
hive, just as well as one from their own as
far as we have been able to discover. Where
the work is considerable, a cheap hand can.
do the sorting and crating as well as anyone
else. A girl that is careful, one who will
not scatter the sections and knock themi
over against each other, is just what you
want. They are to be handled just like
eggs, and the fingere should be so clean,
that they will not soil white paper. If yoia
wish your honey to bring the highest price,
you must insist that no sections are left
standing about, but that each case or upper
story, is finished and covered up, before an-
other is opened. There are but two places
for all that are found, either in the shipping
case, or in the upper stories to go on the
next hive. If you have been so careless as
to have some of the fdn. starters that have
dropped out, you had better send such sec-
tions to the children of some of your neigh-
bors Avho do not keep bees. If you wish
nice clean true work,

AL>VAYS USK THE TIN SEPAIIATORS.

Although you can get sections that do
very well as a general thing without them,
the expense and bother of having even one
in oO bulged into its neighbors in a way that
would prevent its going into the packing
case, or having a coml) built l)etw^een, that
must be broken before they can be separa-
ted, would with us, pay for the separators
for the wiiole lot, especially as one set will
answer for a life time, so far as we know.
After the broad frames are procured, with
the separators, the only expense is one cent

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

211

each for the sections, and you are not obliged
!to go to tliis expense even, until the first lot
lire tilied and ready to sell.

I3 it not ii satisfaction to have every pound
•of your honey sold the very inanute you get
fit off the hives, and to have none standing
juoniid in the way, \Taiting for a purt^iiaser ?
■Such my friends, is our situation at this very
nninute, and we look over the hives every
three or four daj^s, to get out the tinished
sections.

If you are using the chaff hives, or if you
!u\ve only a few hives, or if honey is coming
wo slowly that only a small part of the sec-
tions are ready to remove, it will be your
better way to lift the frames, take out the
tilled sections and replace them with empty
nrnes. without brushing the bees (»ff at all.
If the sections are set down near the en-
trance, or if more convenient, on the top of
the frames you luu'e just extunined, tlie bees
will be neiu-ly all oif as soon as you are ready
to close the hive. It is a very easy matter
to take out the finished sections and leave
the others, when you once get the hang of
it. You can get out the first 2 inch frame
without killing a single bee, even if you do
not have one broo<l frame above, if you iue
careful. Stand this at one side of the hive
in the shade, or in an empty hive if robbers
are about much, and then i)roceed to lift out
the next one. Now there is a very conveni-
ent way of supporting a frame, while you
itre cutting out or inserting queen cells, re-
Buoving a queen for caging, clii)ping a
queen's wings, removing section boxes and
a variety of other purposes, and to be sure
to make it plain, I will give you a diagram.

Let A B C D, represent the hive or the up-
per story of a hive ; the fi-ame of sections is
shown with one of the ends of the top bar*
resting in its usual place in the rabbet, while
the Ijottom biu- of the frame rests on the oi»-
posite rabbet. One advantage of this meth-
od of support is that the bees all or nearly
all, will run off down on to the frames beUnv
from the lower corner — shown by the dotted

lines— and we thus avoid having them scat-
tered al)out on the ground. It is very plain,
that you have every facility in the world,
for getting out the upi)er corner sections, at
E ; if those adjoining it are finished, they
will come out ecpially as e;usy, and there will
be no danger of aiiy <»f the rest sliding out of
place while you are doing it, for they are
held seciuely by gravity ; when these are all
out and tlieir places supplied with empty
ones, you are ready to take those from the
other end in the same way. If the bottom
sections are all filled before the upi)er ones,
simply turn the frame upside down ; your
frame is held securely, and you have both
hands to work with. When done, put in
place of the trst removed, and so on luitil
the whole i.re finished. With the chaff
hives, nothing can work nicer, and in them
we find the sections in the u\>per tier filled
just about as soon as the lower, and the out-
side frames, just about as soon as the central
ones. The ^3 sections are none too much
for a sti'ong colony. We find very little ad-
vantage in using sections in the lower story,
so long cis plenty of room is given above.
Of course the side storing ones would be
filled very quickly, if we gave them iro room
above, Jnit Mith the L. frame, I am inclined
to think it will not be worth while to use
both side and top storing boxes at once.

Of coui-se you will be methodical enough
to have your shipping case by your side when
removing sections, that you may put them
in their places as fast as they are removed.
We can not afford to handle things unnec-
essarily, to say nothing of having our work
scattered about, and in danger of being for-
gotten or tumbled down in the dirt. When
jou have your cases filled, tack on a ship-
ping tag, with ycnir oicn address on it, as
well as the address of your honey merchant,
and it is ready to go. We have at this date,
July rath, sent off a half ton, and all has
been delivered safely.

As a section box 4i inches square, by 2
inches thick weighs just about one pound,
we think tliis size is going to take the pre-
cedence over all others. We have tried
them still smaller, but the bees seem loth to
put honey into anything very much less in
size ; some 2* inches square, were very well
filled, but it was only after they had filled
all the larger ones placed in the same hive.

KEEP YOUR HOXEY CLEAN AND FREE
FROM STICKINESS.

Do not take a single section from the hive
until every cell is sealed, and the honey
clean and dry. Each one should be as clean

212

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Aug.

and perfect as a newly laid egg and there is
no trouble about having them so, if you do
not yield to the temptation to take any that
are almost finished. Just as surely as you
send cases to market with the honey drip-
ping and daubing every thing they touch,
just so surely will you have to take up with
an inferior price for your crop ; do not rest
satisfied until you can show as nice goods in
your line as any other person in the busi-
ness. You will get along just as fast, by
keeping everything neat and tidy. If you
sliould be so awkward as to get some of the
comb broken and the honey running, just
place all the leaky sections in a hive for a
half hour, and the bees will clean them all
up, empty all broken cells and clean up bet-
ter and with more economy, than you could
ever do it.

Lest this notice should induce a great
many to write to Messrs. Stair & Kendel to
sell their honey, I would remark that it will
be of no use probably, unless you have some-
thing in small sections of about one pound
each, and put up as neatly and nicely as I
have described. Nice comb honey in boxes
is quite plenty at 15 cents, in many i)laces.

In order to test the shipping qualities of
our cases, as well as the markets in our dif-
ferent cities, we sent a case, such as we
have figured, to Cincinnati, one to Chi-
cago, and one to New York city. They
had no protection at all, but all went safely ;
and I know of no reason why a glass case of
honey should not have as careful treatment
as a basket of peaches, or a crate of straw-
berries. Chicago and Cinciniiati, being full
of honey, only offered loc. ; New York of-
fered 18 and thought more might l)e given
in a couple of months. All praised the case
and honey, some of them extravagantly, and
most of them wanted more. It is so clean
and convenient for retailing that a brisk de-
mand has sprung up at home, and it looks
now as though we might sell a ton or more
right in the apiary, without stirring a " peg "
to hunt up a customer. My friends, we can
sell oiir honey, our qiieens, aye, and our bees
too, all in this very way, if we will keep ful-
ly up to the light we now have. Throw
away ])atents, adopt one uniform hive, hon-
ey package, etc., and let those who choose
to follow the old jumbled i^p way of doing
things, hunt for customers, and sell at half
price even then.

CLIPPING QUEEN'S WINGS. I'rovide
yourself with a pair of keen sli.irp pointed
scissors and you are ready for the work.
You are not to touch the queen at all, or to

frighten her in any Avay, but the clipping is
to be done, Avhile she is walking leisurely
about the combs. If she gets frightened,
runs, and tries to hide, you had better clqse
the hive, and try to be more careful some
other time. If your hive is properly made,
so that you can open it without shake or
jar, you will have no trouble in lifting the
frame while she is laying, without disturb-
ing her. With the slender point of one of
the blades of your scissors, lift one of her
wings, and clip off fully one-half, or if you
choose, clip off nearly the whole of both the
large wings, leaving the small pair entire.
This latter plan, leaves her looking rather
more respectable, than when only one of the
larger wings is clipped. If you are undeci-
ded as to whether you wish your queen's
wings clipped or not, see absconding
SWARMS. If you ever find it necessary to
pick up a queen, take her by the shoulders,
and never by the soft part of her body.

QUEEM CAG-^S. These are used for
introducing queens, for sending them both
by mail and express and for keeping them
safely many times about the apiary, espec-
ially when we find several just hatched out
in a hive. For introducing simply, many
times, a cage made by simply rolling up a
piece of wire cloth will do, but as this gives
us no perfectly sure method of supplying
the queen with food, I can but regard it un-
safe, for queens have frequently been found
starved when the cage was pushed between
two combs of sealed honey, the bees having
removed all the honey from around the cage,
as they almost always do when a comb is
crushed. To be on the safe side, it would
seem best to have a good supply of food in
the cage at all times. If this supply is given
in the form of honey, there is almost always
a liability of the bees and queen getting
more or less daubed or smeared with it, and
unless this can be soon removed by other
bees they are sure to die sooner or later, for
the breathing tubes located in different
parts of their bodies, are easjly closed by
sugar or honey, if it is allowed to dry on
them. Honey in a sponge has been one of
the most successful ways of giving a supply
for long journeys, but even this is apt to
give them a dauby look and I have several
times found bees, and sometimes the queen
wedged into or under the sponge, dead.
One of these was an imi)orted queen, and as
all the bees with her were spry and active, I
could Ijut think she had got entangled under
the sponge, and died from this alone. Can-
dy has been for some time, used quite sue-

A

1S77.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

213

i-essfully ; the only difficulty, seems to be in
providing jiist enough moisture and nomore.

Besides the iibove mentioned wants, we
■want a queen cage that can be cheaply
imade, especially if we ave going to sell
<iueeus for a dollar. I will tell you how we
make them, and as it involves principles
that should be observed in th<e manufacture
of any article by machinery. I will give tlie
details rather at lengtli.

(ietsome clear pine Imnber, dressed on
il)oth sides, to about i in thickness. Vat it
uip in leugtlis of 6 or 8 feet as may l)e most
convenient. Saw these into strips 2 inches
in widtii. With a very sharp centre bit, we
i)ore holes in the strips 1| in diameter;
these holes wliich are bored so nearly through
51S to leave about i of wood at the bottom,
are just i inch apart, that is, there is just i
inch of solid wood left between each two
holes. The holes can he bored by hand, but
;i lathe is much more expeditious. If the
small hole made cleiu- through by the spur
of the centre bit is set over a small pin or
mail every time the stick is moved along,
they can be spaced very quickly, and very
exactly. The pin is of course driven in the
ililock of wood fastened to the movable cen-
tre of the lathe. We bore about 4 holes a
Jiiinute, on an average. Now if we should
tack wire cloth over these holes, and saw up
the stick, we should have queen cages, but
we are not nearly ready to do this yet. We
th) not Asish to be to the trouble of prying
out the tacks every time we wish to open
our cage, and so we must make some kind
of a nice little door for the purpose. As
boring holes and hinging doors is too slow,
if we can get rid of it, we make openings in-
to all the cages at once, by plowing a groove
the whole length of the stick, just deep
enough to cut into the cages. This is quick-
ly done with a carpenter's plow, and the
groove is afterward made beveling so as to
hold the sliding strip, by running the strips
while held at an angle, over a buzz saw.
Now saw some long thin strips of well sea-
soned pine, to just slide closely into these
grooves, and when the cages are cut up we
shall have a sliding door in each ; but we
are not yet ready to cut them up.

CANDY FOR BEKS AND (QUEENS AND LIT-
TLE FOLKS.

Get a tin saucepan, and put into it some
coffee sugar with a little water — a very little
water will do. Make it boil and stir it, and
when it is done enough to "grain" when
stirred in a saucer, take it quickly from the
stove. While it is " cooking."' do not let the

fire touch the pan, but place the pan on the
stove, and there will be no danger of its
burning, ("over the dining table with some
newspapei-s that you may have no trouble-
some daubs to cler.r up, and i)lace your long
sticks of cages upon it. J.ay one in front of
you, with the back edge where the slide is,
sligiitly raised. Now stir your syrup in the
saucepan, until it will be just right to pour
into tins for ''sugar cakes,'' and you are
ready to ladle it into the queen cages witii a
spoon. Fill them about as full as our artist
has shown in the cut below, as at A.

MANNJ

CF

PUTTING THE CANDY IN THE
QUEEN CAGE.

Go on to the next, and work as fast as you
can, but be sure you do not get any hot can-
dy on the wood except in the cages, and do
not get any on yoiu" fingers. Our boy who
does the work thinks you will remember af-
ter you have tried it about once. It your
candy was right, it will be dry and hard on
the outside when cold, but comparatively
moist on the inside, and if you tr^^ to get it
out of a cage, you will be satished that it
will never get loose and " bump " the bees.
To see when it is just right you can try
dropping some on a saucer, and while you
are at work, be sure to remember the little
folks who will doubtless take quite an in-
terest in the proceedings, especially the
baby. You can stir some until it is very
white indeed for her ; this will do very well
for cream candy. We have formerly nuide
our bee candy hard and clear, but in this
shape it is very apt to be sticky, unless we
endanger having it burned, whereas if it is
stirred we can have dry hiird candy, of what
would be only wax if cooled suddenly with-
out the stirring. Besides we have much
more moisture in the stirred sugar candy,
and we want all the moisture we can possi-
bly have, consistent with ease in handling.

If vou have not wire cloth doors and win-

214

glea:n^ings in bee culture.

Aug.

(lows to keep out the flies, you will have to
bundle ui) your sticks of cages as soon as
you get the candy in them, or the flies will
soon make them — inipresentable. After the
candy is all in, dress both edges of your
strips nicely, put them side by side, screw
them in the iron clamp shown in section
BOXES, and saw them up into square blocks.
Boys of 10 years old, will cut and nail on the
tinned wire cloth with tinned tacks, and
sandpaper the rough edges as well as any-
body else. If you make them do their work
well, your cages should look about like this :

we are very careful, bees are killed, and if
the day is a windy one, the comb is quite
apt to be blown down in the dirt. To avoid
all these mishaps, we have sometimes car-
ried about an empty hive, but this is un-
wieldy, and does not keep away robbers
either, unless a cover is carried with it.
Comb baskets have been made of wood, but
these are unsightly unless kept painted, and
if any honey drips from the combs, it soaks
into the wood in a way that is far from be-
ing tidy. The one shown in the engraving
below, is made of light tin, and I believe
meets all recpiirements.

QUEEN CAGE COMPLETE.

We have abandoned the all metal cages
both on account of the expense, and because
the bees would slip about in them more than
in a wooden cage. These wood cages can
easily be made for 5c. each, or 50c. per dozen,
candy and all. For long distances cut the
wood out so that two cages can be used as
one, and for a still longer trip, let the bees
pass into 3 or even 4 of them, of course saw-
ing them off in longer lengths, and cutting
a passage from one to the other. "VVe think
this cheaper than making cages of different
sizes.

C03l^>: TASKZ:?. When the bees are
gathering no lioney, especially dining the
lull that usually intervenes between spring
and fall pasturage, it is many times quite
difficult to remove combs of brood, or open
hives at all, without getting robbers at work.
Any one who has had quite a time witli rob-
bing bees, will remember that for some
(lays, it makes troiible to leave a comb out-
side tlie liive while we are liandling others
inside, without robbing bees getting at
tliem, and soon tliey learn to follow us about
and linally "dive" right into the luisealed
lioney the minute a comb is exposed. Sup-
pose we do not have robbers, when we take
a frame out of a hive, it is very convenient
to Irave some place where we can set it
down safely, while we look at the rest. If
we stand them up against the hive, or (me
of the posts of tlie grape vine trellis, unless

COMB BASKET.

It can be readily carried from hive to hive,
and the light cover is very quickly closed
bee-tight, wlienever occasion may re(iuii-e.
Where extracting is done indoors, the bas-
ket can be used to very good advantage, for
five heavy comljs are about as many as one
cares to carry at once. Tlie combs sliould
hang on metal rabbets the same as they do
in the hive, to avoid crushing bees when
they are set in hastily. Your tin-smith
should be able to make you one like the
above, for about §1.50.

ITSTTLOHUCING QUEEN'S. I do

not know, my friends, how I can give any
specific directions that will do for all cases,
while bees do so differently <it times, an(l
different colonies have such different dispo-
sitions. I tliink it is possible to introduce
any fertile ciueen to almost any colony, but
it will reciuire a close and careful study of
the habits of each, and sometimes niuch
time and patience. Lest beginners should
l)e discouraged at the outset, I would re-
mark that in perhaps the majority of cases
the queen can be let loose at once, witliout
any caging wliatever. Tlie point is, to de-
terniine wlieii this can be done, and when
it cannot be.

I'lie very first thing to be determined is
that your old colony is ccrtabdij (lueenless.
Many will think if they have found the old
qiieen and removed her, that there can be
no doubt about it, but this is far from being
true, for a hive quite often contains two
(lueens, and very frequently two laying

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

215

queens. When the cild (ineeii begins to fail,
cells are started and wlien the yonnj? (jtieen
l)ejj;ins to lay, before her mother has entire-
ly failed, tliey are often found laying side
l)y side. If yon should remove either one,
aiid let your'new (|ueen loose, she would be
killed most assuredly. AVhat shall we do in
such cases V Well, if tlie hive has an un-
usual amount of brood, I would look for an-
other (lueen, and if not satislied would wait
1.'4 or 48 hours and see if they had started
(]ueen cells ; if you see the (jueen cells start-
ed, you may be very sure there is no queen
in the hive, although cases are once in a
great while found in which they will keep
on with the cells when a virgin queen is
l)resent.

IIOAV TO FIND AND REMOVE Tilt: OLD
QUEEN.

If it is at a season of the year, or during
weather when robbers are about or may be
expected to be, you had better do your work
just about sunset, or so late that all the bees
are in their hives. Have smoke in readi-
ness, but do not use it if it can be avoided,
remove the cover from the hive very gently,
and do not have any snapping or jarring
about your work.

Draw off the sheet of duck carefully, and
then push the frames on each side," away
from one of the central brood combs. If
you can lift this out without making any
disturbance, you will stand a good chance
of seeing the queen at once ; if you do not
tind her there, set the frame in your comb
basket and examine the next. If the colony
is very jiopulous, you may not lind her at
all, after going over all the combs ; in that
case look them over carefully as you restore
them to their places, and if you do not tind
her then, close the hive for a short time,
and then try again. With Italians, you can
often hunt for the queen a couple of hours
or more, if you like, but with black bees if
you do not tind her the first time, they will
usually gather in clusters so much as to
make farther search impfs^ible, and there-
fore you will have to let them get quieted
down before you try again. Your eyes will
very soon train themselves, as it w'ere, to
r< cognize a ciueen as soon as you get the
slightest glimpse of any part of her body,
and during the season of queen rearing, the
effort required to spy them out quickly is
s\;ch that I often dream of seeing queens,
and picking ilieni out, all night long, after
a busy day in the apiary.

I rather prefer to pick a queeen up by the
wings, but if you can get her securely by
the shoulders it will do very well; do not
get hold of the soft inirt of her body, or you
will be pretty sure to do her injury; if she
is a smart active queen, she will be very apt
to bite vigorously, and a beginner might be
tempted to let her go, doubting the state-
ment so often made that queens never sting
when caught. Do not be alarmed, but i)uc
her into a cage, and kee}) her until you are
sure your new queen is safe and laying.
Never kill a laying (jueen, initil you have
one safely laying in her stead.

The hive is now presumed to be queen-
less, but if our new (|ueen is a very valuable
one, we will put her in the cage on top of

the frames dii-ectly over the cluster, mitil
i|ueeii cells have been started. Tliis will
usually be in '24 iiours. (.)\h'U tlie hive very
gently as before, lift out oue or more brood
conibs, until you lind cells eidarged, some-
thing like tlie cuj) of ;ni acoiii, mid contain-
ing a much larger <iuantily of tlie milky
food than is ever given a c<jmmon workei-.
We can many times n cognize where a (piec n
cell is to be started by this extra, amount of
food, before we can perceive any change in
its shape. The hive is certaiidy (lueeidess,
and we are so far safe; if the bees seem
good to the (pie en we are ready to let her
out. When you lirst turn back the duck, if
the bees are clinging in hard knots to the
wire cloth, making a kind of a hissing noise
as if they would like to tear her in pieces,
you certainly must not let her out, and it is
rather unsafe to do so, so long as there are a
great quantity of b^es piled up over the
cage. If it is safe to release the queen, the
bees should be walking about as usual, dis-
playing no unusual excitement, and the
bees on and about the cage should be offer-
ing her food in their usual way, and with
the deference and resi»ect they usually pay
a queen. If they do not do this, keep her
caged until they do get quiet and respectful.
Very often they will receive her thus at
once, and it may in extreme cases require a
week.

HOW TO llELEASE THE QUEEN.

Place the cage back on the duck, so that
the queen and bees as they crawl out, will
have to pass over two or three inches before
they reach the combs. Have your smoker
ready, but do not use it unless compelled
to; as she comes out, they will i»robably
come up to see her and get acquainted, and
you need not be alarmed if some of them
climb up on her back, and walk over her in
quite a rude way for receiving visitors, if
they only do not begin to try to use their
stings. If they do, use a little smoke and
and cage her again. If they permit her, af-
ter a little looking over, to pass on slowly
toward the combs, you can let her go down
safely ; but if convenient, I would give her
another " look " after about 20 or 30 min-
utess. You will tind her without trouble,
by the eager tin-ong that surrounds her, to
make her accjuaintance. It may be well to
see if she is all right and laying, next morn-
ing, for I have known them to treat a queen
very well at tirst, and then tind her in a ball
of bees a half day afterward. Sometimes
this "balling" kills the queen in a short
time, and again she may live while thus fet-
tered for 48 hours, or initil they get over
their frenzy and let her go. I have known
queens to have all their wings and some of
their legs pulled off in such encounters, and
yet do good service for a year or two after-
wards. We usually use smoke to nuike these
bees let go of a (jueen, for if you try to pull
them off they are almost sure to sting her.
Drojtping them into a cup of water will get
them off' safely, and is often the readiest
means at hand.

Many plans have been given to induce the
bees to desist v/hen they seem bent on this
kind of nuschief, such' as taking away all
their brood, removing all their combs and

216

GLEAXINGS IN BEE CULTIJEE.

Au<3,

allowing them only the empty hive, smok-
ing them severely Vvith tobacco, etc. ; and
although all these remedies answer well at
times, I think it just as well to keep the
qneen caged, providing she has plenty of
food in the cage and the bees are not al-
lowed to hatch a new queen in the hive ; for
if they once get a young queen of their own,
it is out of the question to get them to ac-
cept any other mitil she is removed.

The only objection 1 have lieard to this
plan of introducing, is that the queen may
riy away ; but to prevent tliis I would always
have one wing clipped. To sum np, I would
say let the bees have the queen just as soon
as they will receive her; it may be at once,
in 24 or 48 hours, or it may be a week. I have
within a few days taken a laying (pieen from
one hive and had her laying in another
within two hours aftenvai'd. If you have a
queen that you do nctt value, it will be an
excellent plan for yon to practice, by seeing
how many stocks you can introduce her to
without caging.

• — » »

ALBINOS.

You seem to think the Albinos are nothing- more
than lig-ht colored Italians. If you will rear a queen
from vour imported stock which will pi-oduce bees
like iiiv Albinos, I will give you for the same ten
dollars («10). D. A. Pike.

Smithsburg-, Md., July 14, 1877.

In reply I would say that I Irave purpose-
ly uncovered the hive of albinos, almost
every time I have had a visitor well versed
in Italians ; after they had examined them
and said nothing, I have asked if they dis-
covered anything peculiar about the bees,
and no one has yet been able to say there
w^as. When I declared they were albinos,
and told them to notice the wliitish fringe,
some would agree there was a slight differ-
ence. Several queens have been reared, and
they are remarkably yellow, in fact yellow
all over. Those wiio have a liking for yel-
low queens liad better send to friend Pike.
The bees are certainly in no way remarka-
ble as honey gatherers, and I think they
hardly equal darker bees; a farther test,
however, may show differently. The drones
are, all w^e have seen, precisely like other
drones.

I HAVE this month 2227 employers,
will conclucle to keep on hiring me.

I hope you

CLAMP FOR MAKING SECTION BOXES^

AVe omitted to say in regard to the clamp for mak-
ing section boxes, on page 223, that it should be made
to hold an even number of strips, say .50, 75 or 100,
that you may be able to get out the number wanted
without laborious counting, or a Uabiiity of making
mistakes. If the sections are is thick — we usually
make them a little more — ^your clamp would hold
about an even hundred if made so as to enclose 1*
inches. Ours are made of iron, ^i by one inch ; the
screw should tune a strong deep "thread, and the
washer, B, shoul<] bo riveted over so as to turn freely
against the shoulder on the end of the screw. Your
blacksmith should charge you about 75e. for a good
one.

TOO MUCH HONEY, ETC.

I am pleasetl with the fdn. you sent me, both white
and yellow ; my bees taking to it and working upon
it beyond my expeetatioas. I have built up second
swarms with it so that they are strong and ready for-
work upon buckwheat, which will blossom with us
in a few days. The lai-gest swarm I had this season
came out from a first swarm, on the Irtthof Julv, and
are working well. I have now 9 swarms; had two
to start with in the spring, and with the aid of your
fdn. succeeded in getting them in pretty good condi-
tion, and have taken some comb honey. What shall
I do with a hive of bees that have filled the brood
nest almost full of honev ? I have no extractor.

H. H. SOHWiLLY, Yorkville, III., July 22, 1877.

Take (^ut some of the heavy combs and
put in their places fi~ames tilled with fdn.
The queen will till them with brood even
though no honey is coming in at all.

After the part of the journal containing
" Humbugs and S\\indles" was printed, the
following came to hand.

Since writing to you I have received a letter from
Mitchell, saying th it ho has been away from home,
and that he does nit S"ll hives withiut first selling
the right. He returned my money, so I was a little
hasty in my condemnation. H. M. Mohris.

Rautoul, Illinois.

If Mr. Mitchell has really commenced a
different way of doing business, we shall be
most glad indeed to make it known, for the
complaints in regard to him have been one
of the most unpleasant features of bee cul-
ture for years past. This is the first time
we have ever heard of his having returned
money, or anything else, more than prom-
ises that were never kept.

" BE IT EVEU SO HUM15LE, THERE IS NO PLACE LIKE IIOJIE.
Very likely the Lawn bee hive in the distance has much to do with making the humble homo of our
"big eyed" friend so especially pleasant, and perhaps the heavily laden bees that do tumble around the
entranceat niuhtfall, with the' ilrci()i)iiig branches of the evergreen so conveniently near, may be an addi-
tional "tie" that endears that partieular vicinity. If history tells us ariuht we believe the owner of said
hive finally, once upon a summer's eve, dispelled all tlics(> fond r 'veri"-;, aiiil de.iii>lish?d " home " and con-
tents just because of a slight "onpleasmtness" between the t(iad and the bee-;. One would have thought
" wh-dt is fun for you, is death to us," would have been remembered, by so near a relative, but alas, it seems
it was not, and so he died.

187'?

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

217

GLOVES IIV THE APIARY.

^inll I^'TOR GLKANINUS :— In some number of your
Vr'J II valuable Journal, not more than one year ago, 1
>!w^ think, you stated that unlesp you should soon
liear some favorable report In relation to the use of
rubber gloves in the apiary, you would feel compelled
to class them with "Humbugs and Swindles-" By
ihe use of one pair I am fully persuaded that it is ex-
actly where they should be classed.

Uiibber gloves may bo exactly suited to the pur-
poses of submarine divers, but of all known substan-
ces from which gloves have been, or can be manufac-
tured, I can conceive of none more utterly unfit for
tlie purposes of the apl.irian, than rubber. Of all un-
comfortable garments that I ever undertook to wear,
at any time, under any circumstances, rubber gloves
in hot weather, are the worst.

A little less enthusiasm, and a little more reflection
might possibly cause me to make an exception in fa-
vor of a bad lilting shirt, with a neck band that
chokes. Nothing else.

Besides, they are not durable. Adhesion to propo-
lis very soon tears the rubber Irom the cloth lining.

'Tis entirely practicable to handle bees with impu-
nity with naked hands ; nevertheless, I usually make
u&e of gloves, and lor two reasons. First, because it
is much easier to slip gloves on, and ofl", than it is to
get the propolis off my hands after having taken out a
lew frames with bare hands. Another reason for
using comfortable well fitting gloves, is, that with
them, I can work more expeditiously.

Gloves of th'.n, yet Jirm leather, are tlie best of any
thing I have yet tried. Real genuine dog-skin gloves,
for example. Old kid gloves, even, answer well.
Gloves of any fabric that will stretch, when being de-
tached from adhering propolis, are almost unusable.
1 should like to try some gloves made from heavy
sail cloth, or linen duck, or perhaps what would be
still better, linen or cotton serge, such as is fre<inently
made into summer shoes. Who will make such, ex-
pressly for bee-keepers ?

G. E. CORBIN, St. Johns, Mich.

It you pinch a bee, or even set your ringers
on one of its feet, you will be pretty likely to
get stung, and I am glad our bees can and will
sting, whenever we are so careless as to come
into their houses and tread on their toes or in-
fringe on their rights in any way ; for bees
have rights as well as wornen. If I under-
stand the matter, gloves in the apiary, are for
the purpose of enabling their keeper to tread
on the rights of the bees with impunity, mash
them, pinch their toes, orr to be as awkward,
careless and bungling, as he chooses. Bees
are very careful and nice in their work, and
when one invades their home, they kindly per-
mit us to upset things, providing we don't make
too much noise and racket, and go to work
setting everything right, after we get away,
with a patience that to me, is really touching.
Now with my naked fingers, I can feel wheth-
er I am touching a bee, even if I do not see
away down ijito the hive ; I can also tell by
the sense of touch, when the frames are at the
proper distances, and if I begin to press on the
foot of a bee, I can tell by his buzzing against
my finger, that he desires me to move along,
for that is his own person I am getting hoM
of, and I invariably have warning, before the
sting comes. The same is the case in hand-
ling sections, and it seems to me "awful" to
think of going into a hive with gloves on..,. I
very rarely get my hands stung at all. Late
in the fall, we have the same trouble with
propolis but I think I would prefer the propo-
lis, to th^ gloves, by considerable. Benzine
will remove it readily. The rubber gloves,
seem to be a downright fraud ; not one purcha-
ser has reported favorably of them.

m»^*^m.

The comb fdn. machine 1 bought of you works
splendidly; it makes better work than the sample
you sent. \V. R. Bishop, Sherwood, Wis., July IC.

From Different Fields.

^nlS^ID you ever try Introducing queens at the time
JIU/J *'' '^^^'"S young swarms ?

5=-^ I have "been trying to get subscribers for
Gleanings, but have 60 f.ar failed. Some men will
lose $5 sooner than pay <me for a paper.

I). G. I'AKKEK, St. Joe, Mo., April 30, 1877.
You can introduce almost any queen to a
new swarm without trouble, if you take their
own queen away ; and we have never found it
necessary to cage them at all. It is almost an
every day occurrence for us to hear from peo-
ple who have lost money by patents, and who
have invested in things out of date, just be-
cause they were not posted ; others send us
more than the present prices for extractors,
corners, etc., necessitating our sending their
money back ; and one who had just one colony
of Italians, thought he could not aff"ord a bee-
paper, but inimediately afterward. -hived a
large swarm from them, that went to the
woods in the afternoon of the same-day. Our
June No. mentioned particularly the import-
ance of clipping the queen's wings, and yet all
these people say they cannot aiford a dollar
for a.iournal.

I have 50 swarms. Bees wintered well in cellar but not
in bee house. This spring I am satisfied that the bees
breed faster in bee house than outside, but it seems im-
possible to raise and mate youuir queens in the same.
H. H. RoSEBEOCK, Owatonna, Minn., June 2;jd, '77.

We presume our friend refers to a house
apiary. We have had just as good success
with queens in the house, as with those out-
side. Are not vour entrances too nearly alike
friend R. ?

TOO MUCH HONEY.

I have read a gieat many reports from others of spring
dwindling but this spring is the first that I have had any
experience in tiie matter, having lost two that were as
strong (apparently) as any, bufas I lifted out the frames
and found but little empty comb I came to the conclusion
that it was caused from want of room late in the fall for
them to raise .young bees to take the place of the old ones
that so soon die oil in ttie spring ; what do .vou think V
H. A. Palmek, Madora, Iowa, July 16th, 1877.

We can hardly think your bees or any oth-
ers ever had spring dwindling from having
too much honey in the hives judging from the
experiments we have made. Last fall several
rather weak colonies were put on combs of
solid sealed honey on purpose to test the mat-
ter, and in some cases they were obliged to
build bits of comb at the ends of the frames to
contain the honey removed in order to get
clustering room, but instead of injuring them,
it seemed to be just what was needed. These
stocks were never in danger of clustering at
one side of the hive while their food was all
at the other, but as soon as they began brood-
rearing, the sealed honey and sealed brood,
ran together so that it was sometimes puzzling
to tell one from the other. As soon as they
began work in the sections the honey was car-
ried above out of the wa}', and if can have our
bees in this shape every winter, we (and the
bees too) will be perfectly suited. Old bees,
and too much honey, have been quite a favor-
ite way of explaining losses. Was it guess
work on paper, or the results of really sharp
looking into the hives ?

218

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Auo.

Onr honey gathering here is about over. I extract-
ed June 20th to 23tl 1500 lbs. (mostly poplar) honey
trom 2? stands. Had it not rained for two weeks
almost daily, could have extracted;ear1ier, and by this
time have taken as much more of white clover, &c.
As it is, the combs of hive.s that did not swarm are
from half to two-thirds full. How will it do to make
artiticial swarms Irom strongest hives after honey
gathering is over, putting Itiem on these partly filled
combs? How can 1 get fdn. >>uilt into comb when
ijces are not making honey ? What is the best way of
making nuclei for queen rearing in fall ?

O. Brumfieli>, Brumfleld Station, Ky., July 3, '77.

It will do first rate to divide strong hives
after the honey season is over, but be sure you
bring them all up strong before winter. By
feeding cheap sugar, you can get fdn. built out
very fast and at small expense. Yellow or
brown sugar is cheaper than white. Glucose
sugar will probably be cheaper than either,
but it needs some experimenting with ; who
has tried it?

Make nuclei in the fall, precisely as we have
directed for the summer, but be very careful
about robbing, and about uniting bees from
different hives.

rOFI.AK.

The poplar tree of the South that prodnces honey fs
the Liriodendron Tulipefcra natural order Magnoli-
ncece. We call it yellow poplar here. It produces
very nice lumber. 1 make my frames of it. It is not
good lor hives unless well painted as it shrinks awful-
ly in dry weather. S. D. Uodgk.

Chattanooga. Tenn., July 7tb, 1877.

We half suspected this poplar was our com-
mon whitewood, but several things seem to
indicate otherwise. It is known by all three
names, tulip, whitewood and poplar. Just be-
fore clover opens, we often And a dark very
thick honey ; this we presume is the tulip hon-
ey. We have seen it stated that the large lily
shaped blossoms, sometimes contain a table-
spoonful of honey.

I bought 2 swarms of bees last fall and now have 4
good ones. They l*ave cost me hives and all S30, and
have not received a cent from them yeN so I do not
leel like getting an extractor now. E. F. Sibley.

Spencer, Massachusetts, June 20, 1877.

My bees will work on the fdn. before they will on
old comb out of hives that the bees died in last win-
ter. 1 thought to do a good thing, buying such and
fastening in frame'*, but I don't want any more if I
can get the fdn. V. Page, Kennedy, .V. Y., June 26.

The fdn. which I got from you this spring gives per-
fect satisfaction. Queens lay in it just as readily as
in natural comb. The extractor also works well.
John Dickinson, Milwaukee, Wis . July 6, '77.

I am much pleased with the idr.. which I rec'd from
you, some six weeks ago. The sheets were soon
drawn out and made beautiful straight walls. 1 have
extracted from some of them the third lime. Three
sheets were tilled with eggs that hatched workers.
In future, I shall use only worker fdn., then I can use
it in lower story if I wish to. I rec'd a dollar queen
irom C. O. Vaughan, Esq., Columbia, Tenn., the 27th
of May, her progeny are beginning to labor out-doors,
and have the marks of purity. I am delighted at the
success, and have ordered from him another one.

We are having a good yield of honey from poplar,
persimmon. lioUy, (an evergreen in our bottoms), and
wild grape blooms. My bees are now gathering from
my buckwheat. Our fall honey is from the golden-
rod, which makes a delicious lioney.

The trees liave been literally covered with honey
dew, but strange to say, I have never seen a bee gath-
ering it. Some fell in large drops, on a cloudless day
—no aphides about it. C. C. Shipf.

Spring Dale, Miss., July 5th, 1877.

of a cellar the bees were wintered. I think there is a
great diflference in the kind of soil. A very porous,
gravelly or sandy soil will make a better cellar for
wintering bees than one dug in hard pan or clay; the
latter holiJs moisture, causes mould, and needs the
most thorough ventilation. I would like to eompare
notes with those who have lost, and see if we can"
blame she kind of cellar. J. H. Martin.

Hartford, N. Y., July 5tb, 1877.

The white fdn. is very nice ; the bees work it out to
an almost impalpable thickness, but I do not think
they can work It early in spring or late in the fall as-
well RS the yellow. Am highly pleased with your
fdn. ; I have distributed some samples and think youi
will get some orders.

Am getting some honey, but slowly, not nsore thani
one week of honey weather here tbis season. Bass-
wood has come and gone, a total lailure. vet I have
one hive working steadily in 40 boxes 4x.S><x5%, antS
will hang some sections to-day noon, a la Root. Bee-
keeping with me is a pastime although it has pai(i
well for the money and time. J. M. SHUCK.

Des Moines, Iowa, July 14tli, 1877.

Blasted Hopes ? Yes sir ! My cellar has a capacity
for IdO hives, and I hoped to keep my apiavy within
tliat number. It has now multiplied much beyonji
these figures (131) and the hope of crowding them aU
Into that cellar is— is— "now esV

D. P. L.ANE, Koshkonong, Wis., July 14lh, '77..

I notice there is great mortality among bees in some
portions of our State, and the loss not only falls upon
the novice but upon the most experienced bee-keep-
ers as well. Now 1 would like to inquire in what kind

CHAFF HIVES.

I have been making some chaflf hives and in trying
to simplify the work did away with the oflfset inside
making room for 12 frames above and below, all run-
ning one way. I provided lor getting in the lower
ones by a groove as Cook suggests, but am not welt
pleased with its working. Is there any objection to
making the lower story as large one way as the upper
and so making two sides straight ? WouUI that be too
much room for one queen to occupy prcfiiably ? A&
they should last many years and it is much work to
make them, it is an object to get them convenient and
profitable as well as easy to make. Would sawdust
and shavings from a planing mill be as good or better
than chaff to fill ? D. C. Un»ekhilu,

Seneca, Ills., July 7th, 1877.

So large a brood chamber as you mention,
we have found unprofitable, for even if the
space is filled with frames of section boxes,
they will not be used so long as they have
plenty of room above. We have given this
matter a pretty thorough test, and would not
have the brood apartment more than wide
enough for 10 L. frames, and even then, unlfss
the queen is unusual, we would use section
boxes at the sides in summer, and chaft" cush-
ions in winter. We have now in use, a chatt'
hive of which the inside is a cube of two feet
on each side, the brood in the centre, and sec-
tions all round and above it. The greater
part of the honey is stored above the brood ;
after they were given plenty of room above,
the sections at the sides were pretty nearly
abandoned.

Sawdust and fine shavings are considerably
used in place of chatt', but while no one seems
to think them better, several, with friend
Townley among them, seem to think them not
as good. About the best results we have seen
with chaff*, have been where the bees gnawed
through the enshions, and let the chaff all
over and in among them, like a nest of mice in
a straw stack, for all the world. The chafl'
did not seem to annoy them in the least, and
they reared brood briskly, right through the
very worst kind of spring weather. While I
should hardly be prepared to advise such a
course of proceedure, as a general thing, 1 do
feel every day convinced of the importance of
having the chatt" or shavings as close to the
bees as we possibly can get it.

1877

OLEANINCiS IN BEP] CULTl'RE.

21'.)

I had a swarm of bees come ofl' May 21st, anfl an-
other Mav oflth. I put them in Simplicity hives; they
are all very strong but they have not yet commenced
to build comb. What is the matter? The weather ia
now and has been vers- wet and very cool; has that
anything to do with it •■ They are black bees.

H. 15ETTV, Medina, Kas., June 18, 1877.

They get no honey, is all that's wrong, and
if not fed uader such circumstances, they often
starve.

I am not banished to the column of blasted hopes
yet. My 13 hives that I saved through the winter,
are now roaring in 36 good colonies. Some have given
me 15 lbs. comb hone}', and one gave me one swarm
and ;Jfi lbs. ol box honey. I am preparing to move
them into the sunk lands in July, and I have a wild
scheme In view, of raising queens and capturing wild
bees for their subjects. 1 will report when I get In
operation, but shall not tell h3w it is done, lest some
one may capture your bees or mine, instead of wild
ones. A. J. Savage, Lakeville, Mo., June 25th.

We have tried trapping bees, friend S., but
it always turned out that we could get bees
and queens cheaper by the regular plan of
raising them in the apiary, than we could by
trapping them, even if the bee trees were al-
ready found and given to us.

Prospect never was better for a good honey season ;
honey is coming in rapidly now. Basswood is going
to be full ot bloom, and white clover is abundant.
Showers occasionally, and all nature is lovely. Your
iiumble servant is awful busy. J. H. Martin^.

Hartford, N. Y., June 7, 1877.

We suspect, friend M., that your being "aw-
ful busy" is the secret of the whole of it, and
if such is the case wo hope you and your bees
may always be thus busy — and happy.

ABSCONDING.

On the 27th of May my bees commenced to swarm.
I successfully hived 3 or 4, and had just hived another
when a swarm issued and without settling went right
into the last named swarm ; both being very large the
hive would not hold them, and consequently 1 was
unable to close it at night. Both swarms remained!
for two days, and made a goo I deal of comb, when !
they suddenly left, I suppose for the woods. This has
happened four times this season, making a loss of 8 ■
lirst swarms. How can you account lor it? Could I i
iiave done anything to prevent their leaving, or should
1 have endeavored to separate them at first? In all i
cases the hive was so full that it could not be shiit
down.

UTILITY OF SAWDUST.

1 have adopted your plan of having sawdust in front
of hives, and find it answers admirably. In two in-
stances I have picked the queen up when bees were
swarming, and placed her among the swarm, wliere
had it been in long grass I shouhl probably not have
seen her, and as she could not :ly, she would to a cer-
tainty have iieen lost. " Fked Penfolu.

Richmond, Quebec, June 25, 1877.

You did a very unwise thing in letting the
bees remain iu a hive so small that it would
not hold them, whether it was one large swarm
or two ordinary ones. An upper story would
probably have made them all right, but a comb
of brood would have been much the safer way,
as we advised in "absconding swarms." It is
generally thought most profitable to divide
these double swarms. The loss of 8 first
swarms, is certainly paying pretty dearly for a
little experience. When you saw a second
swarm going in with the first you should have
carried the hive away to a new stand, and if
that did not separate the queens, you could
have easily found one of them. Where your
hives are light and easy to handle, like the
Simplicity, it is an easy matter to separate or
divide colonies by moving them to a new lo-
cation. We agree with you in regard to the
sawdust.

Prof. A. J. Cook: — In one of our late reports of
"State Board of Agriculture" you enquire if any one
has observed the occurrence of honey dew in this
part of the Stale. 1 would say that I observed it in
tills towufchip about the year i8.V2.on llie S E. part of
Sec. 3. it extended over a good portion ol that part
of the section. I don't remember ever observing it
before that date, nor since. The leaves of the trees
and shrubs almost dripped, they were so thicklv cov-
ered witli that singular substance. H. A. Atkins.

Locke, Mich,, March 2r,, 1877,

On the 8th I removed 4 black queens from n colonv,
and on the »th gave them a queen cell from my ioi-
ported mother, which hatched on the llth. To-day,
the I'ith, at ;5'j o'clock, they have throv/n out a large
swarm with the young queen. There aie natural
queen cells formed in the old hive, but neiUier cggsor
larva' in tliera. I have given them a card of brood
and eggs from imported mother. Is this kind ot
swarming unusual. T. T. Dei.zell.

Hersey, Mich., June IG, 1877.

Such cases as you mention occur sometimes,
especially when honey is coming in rapidly,
and it may be well at such times to destroy all
the cells that have been started, after liberat-
ing the queen. Mr. Langstroth always ad-
vised cutting out the queen cells when a queen
had been introduced. Yours was a case of
what would be properly termed "after swarm-
ing," although no first swarm issued. Your
having removed the old queen virtually
amounted to the same thing.

What do you think of transferring them into new
hives after I get one swarm each from them ? Would
you advise me to buy an extractor this fall taking
from all my bees their fall honey and, feeding them
sugar for winter ?

I have built a house 7x9 stufled with sawdust 4 inch -
es deep. Will it do to put 12 colonies of bees in
through the winter without any ventilation ?

CHAKLES P. MULFOKD.

Berkshire Centie, Vt., June 17th, '77.

If you should undertalce to transfer a hive
after it had swarmed, you would very likely
find so much honey in the way that your
combs would all mash down in a heap, after
they were cut loose from the old hive. If you
have old stout combs without much honey in
the way, yerhaps you might get along witli
little trouble. You can empty the pieces with
an extractor, so as to do it very easily. At
the present prices of both sugar and honey,
we would not extract to feed sugar.

At present we favor out-door wintering, and
would much rather risk so small a number of
colonies out-doors than in your house. Have
them well protected with chaff" or straw, close
up to the cluster of bees. Your 12 colonies
would hardly need any special provision for
ventilation.

Bees doing well but vcrv cross : would like to cat
me if they could. I like the Simplicity hive very
much ; have only one other in use, and shall transfer
that in August. J. J. White, Clinton, Mich., June 2G.

We knew bees were fond of sweets, but we
never before heard of their trying to cat u|»
their keeper; maybe you have been spilling
honey aljout.

I rcc'd the fdn. and put it into .S Irames the same
evening— at 8 A. M. this morning I examined them and
found .'5 filled out complete, and the other 2 progrcFS-
ing finely ; some honey stored in all— this in a<iueen-
less colony. Before I sent for mine all bee-keepers
in our country seemed to be under the imtiression
that the only recommendation it had was Irom the
manulactuiers, but I assure you 1 believe every pound
worth ?3.'o to any jierson using them )n-operly. I
will not be without it if 1 can get it when wanted.

B. Gkaiiam, Johnstown, Pa., June 25lh, 1877.

220

GLEANIXGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Aug.

To combine the two (see page i:J3, 1st column,
Gleanings for May), whj not use here and
there 5 pin traps ? Numbers of these might be easily
and cheaply mounted in groups or rows, at any va-
cant spot in your house apiary.

Speaking of the house apiary, I should recommend
sheet zinc for thq roof, which would require no paint-
ing, answers well and does not rust. 1 use it also to
rest the ends of rav frames on, in the hive. It would
beat tin for putting in joints of boards for covers, as
it does not rust. 1 like your A B O much.

C'HAS. E. Fletcher,

Luscombc, D.^wlish, England, May 17, 1877.

We have thought of the trap, and similar ar-
rangements, to let stray bees get out of the
house apiary, and will make a trial of it; al-
though we fear they will not use thera, for
they seem in warm weather to stand round on
the walls and ceiling very contentedly, with-
out trying to get out.

Zinc costs considerably more than tin in our
country, per square foot, and we can hardly
agree with you that it does not rust. That
zinc and galvanized iron are poisonous for
utensils containing liquids used for food or
drink, is now pretty thoroughly established.
This latter point I have jusf decided to my
perfect satisfaction by a practical test. Zinc
or galvanized iron should never be used for
honey extractors, or for holding honey.
Thanks for your kind suggestions, friend F.

The curved end knife you sent nie is a perfect beauty.
Don't you think seven cents a discouraging price for
choice extracted honey ? That is what a prominent deal-
er in the West paid me for a lot of seven barrels recently.
Wm. H. Ware, Bayou Goula, La., June 18th, '77.

EARLY SWARMING ; DISTANCE ITALIANS FLY, &C.

1 always winter on summer stand, never lost a swarm
in frame hive in my life, and have been keeping Italians
for live years. I have IS stands and work for box honey,
not increase, as 1 have no ground room for more. Have
in ordinary seasons taken 32 four lb. boxes of nice bos
honey from one hive and two artificial swarms in Aug.
and Sept. I use large 10 frame hives and have strong
stocks. I have one stand of blacks as strong as the Ital-
ians are, but get almost nothing from them except cards
of brood for building up weaker ones. Have one stand of
hybrids some better than blacks, yet inferior to pure
Italians. Last winter was a fatal one to very many bees
in Sussex Co., some of my neighbors lost one-half to "three-
fourths of their stock, others had to feed. I lost one
swarm which came out on ItJth of Sept. last year and
smothered in a drift of snow this spiing with plenty of
honey to have carried it through ; it was in a little box
and I took no care of it or would not have lost it. My
Italians commenced swarming April l'2th ; 6 or 7 weeks
before I heard of a swarm elsewhere; my last was on
May 10th. My Italians being the only ones in 10 or 12
miles, have been seen in our mill branches gathering pol-
len, &c., 4 miles from town or from home.

L. W. BETT9, Millsborough, Del., June 30th, '77.

THICK AND THIN HIVES.

I notice you have discarded the hoop hive ; is the closed
end Quinby frame, open to the same objection (too
much ventilation): if not, how thick should the end pieces
bef Would ).i inch do? "Enc^uiheb."

Milwaukee, Wis., July 2d, 1877.

I think the Q. hive without outside case, if
made of half inch stuff', would be objectionable
for the reason mentioned, especially in spring
and fall. Where the hives are made of thin
stuff", and made with open joints, we have
found the combs next the outside left empty,
or only partly filled. Where the section boxes
are well protected as in the house apiary
where we have them covered with chaff cush-
ions even during this July weather, we And
them filled and sealed over much the quickest.
During summer weather thin hives may do
very well, but as a general thing we much
prefer those of inch lumber. The chaff hives

bear the direct rays of the summer sun, the
best of any we have ever used. We find no
trouble with the hoop hives for wintering, but
the difficulty is during the season of comb
building. I would use an outer case for the
closed end Q. frames.

I often hear farmers say that keeping bees and fancy
poultry was for another class of people, and not for farm-
ers ; and a great many who keep ijees have got the old
straw hive and brimstone their bees in the fall ; others
keep the common dung hill fowl and say it will not pay
to get another breed. A year ago I bought a trio of whit^e
crested black Polands and last summer I raised 175 young
chickens for which I refused an offer of §200. Four years
ago I commenced keeping bees ; in the first place I tho't
I would keep them only to have honey for my own use,
but they did so well that I sold the first year honey to
the amount of §50, the second year $56, the third year $00,
fourth year $45, and now have 'J colonies of bees left that
are worth §100,00. Why can not other farmers do the
same ? D. N. Kebm, Shimersville, Pa.

I bought two cjlonies of Mrs. Grimm, increased to five
and took 125 lbs. good extracted honey worth §25.00.
Wintered by placing a box a few inches larger each way
over them packed with buckwheat chaff. They win-
tered finel.v. Before the middle of May their hives were
crowded full of bees with so many drones hatching I
feared for my honey crop ; when lo, out came the bees
crowding and dragging out the drones from a few dozen
to a full pint from a hive. Did you ever before hear of
bees killing off their drones in the spring? What made
them do it? S. C. Pebrt.

Portland, Mich., June 4th, 1877.

Bees very often rear a large number of
drones, during fruit bloom, especially when it
yields abundantly ; and during the dearth of
pasturage that almost always occurs before
clover comes out, they are frequently killed
off as in the fall. This is quite an expense it
is true, and we should cither take means to
prevent their being reared, or keep up the sup-
ply of food during the interim, that they may
be ready for early swarming or queen rearing,
without the necessity of rearing a whole new
crop of drones. It is quite common for them
to be killed off as you mention.

One word more for fdn. We have traded bees for
old combs every spring, with our less fortunate neigh-
bors, and know their value, but after testing fdn.,
being rather prejudiced against it on the start, nn ac-
count of the cost, we have decided it to be worth
more than the old combs. We never want another
comb built without it. It pays, just to get all worker
cells. J. C. & H. P. Satles.

Hartford, Wis., July 5th, 1877.

IMl'ORTEU QIEENS.

While SO many have complained about their im-
ported queens 1 am more than satisfied with mine,
she is certainly a beauty in every respect. 1 received
her from J. M. O. Taylor. Last year I thought of
renting a pew in " Blasted Hopes," but this spring my
bees are in splendid order while nearly all of my
neighbors have lost heavily from spring dwindling.
I am on the top of a hill where the wind blew so du-
ring the cold spring weather that it kept my bees in
their hives. At least that is my theory.

H. P. Sayles, Hartford, Wis., May 17th, '77.

We agree with you exactly ; not only have
we had better success in wintering than ever
before, since our bees were reared from the
imported stock, but we have bees that work
in the boxes without a single exception. We
have until this season had black bees in our
apiary, and our neighbors in the country who
have them, have afl"orded us a full opportunity
of testing their i-fspective merits for box hon-
ey. The freshly imported stock are far ahead
of them ; in fact they f re<iuently fill boxes at a
fair rate, when the blacks are losing in weight
every day.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

221

|Mf teiim.

Seest thon a man diligent in his business ? he shall
etand before kiuRs ; he shall not stand before mean
e<i('«.— Proverbs :Ji; 29.

^Y^fOW somo people are naturally ingenious,
J^vJI others ai-e naturally patient, still others
"" are very accurate, without, an eft'ort
seemingly; but all these people have faults in
some other directiou probably, for no one in-
dividual ever possesses naturally all these de-
sirable qualities, I believe. What shall be
done? yhall we follow entirely the bent of
our own inclinations, or shall we try to make
up up by cultivation, what we lack, naturally?

When I was a lad, music was one of the ex-
ercises of the school I attended, but in spite of
all my kind teacher could say, I almost dog-
gedly refused to take part in the exercises. I
knew I could not sing, and I did not want to
try. After a time, when I saw what progress
my mates were making, and how they seemed
to enjoy the work, for work it was most as-
suredly, I began to wish I too was one among
them, but the same foolish pride stood in the
way, and I could not think of going to my
teacher, and telling her I was sorry and would
like to be permitted to join with the I'est, and
have my education a well balanced and sym-
metrical one like the rest of the pupils. It is
true, I did not feel the loss of not understand-
ing the notes very much, for many years, but
when I took the Sabbath school work, O how
many times, has memory gone back to the
time when I would not acquire the knowledge,
I now needed so much. It was much the
same with grammar — perhaps more than one
of my readers have divined as much already —
and I argued the matter with my parents un-
til they were somewhat iuclined to think
grammar was not perhaps so very essential,
just because I liked mathematics and some
other studies better. I saw my mistake later
in life, and partially made amends, but the
penalty has to be paid now, when I am very
anxious to give you my friends a journal that
js at least respectable.

Some years ago the editor of our county pa-
per made the remark that if one had good
common sense, grammar was of comparatively
little importance. I thought this a very wise
saying at the time, but after having carefully
studied the subject, and satisfied myself by ac-
tual trial how difficult it was to produce com-
position even tolerably free from errors, I
came to the conclusion that I should be very
poorly satisfied with the degree of perfection,
judging by his paper, he deemed was all that
was really needed. I would not have it un-
derstootl that a person should excel in every
thing, by any means, but if we are going to
fill any position creditably, if we are going to
demand high wages and have our services
eagerly sought for, we must have a good gen-
eral education to start with. I do not mean
the education to be obtained at schools and
colleges alone, but good common sense, and a
faculty of being handy any whore. When I
see a college graduate undertake to dnve a
nail and unhesitatingly turn the point in such
a way that it is sure to split the wood, I feel ]

that his education has been of a nature that,
has not taught him how to make it practically
useful.

One who is ambitious to command high wa-
ges, should be ever on the alert ; there can
hardly be a place where circumstances may
call him, where he has nothing to do, for there
is always something being done, that it will
be worth his while to study. If you are wait-
ing for a train, look about and see if there are
not mechanics at work; while 1 would not en-
courage impertinence, I would adyise to be
Yankee enough to talk with your fellow trav-
ellers. In making a trip to visit a bee-keeper,
I rode a few miles with a man who proved to
be a market gardener. He had made tomatoes
a specialty and his little history of his trials
anil successes told in his simple way, was full
of interest. He came to our shores a poor
man, having every thing to learn, but willing
to work. He had bad luck, failures and dis-
couragements, very much like those we bee-
keepers have to deal with, but he conquered at
last, and the smile of pride with which he
pointed out to me his own neat little home
with its smiling gardens, all the fruits of the
tomato business, was worth more to me than
the last chapter of some thrilling romance, or
the closing scene of some grand play at a the-
atre. The tomato story, had given me much
useful practical knowledge, but the gas-lights
and fiction that I used to think I enjoyed so
much, left not one valuable idea comparatively.

Have you no taste for tomatoes and rural
industries, driving nails and working in the
hot sun ? I have known people who had no
taste for work of any kind, and yet I am very
sure they had a taste for things that had cost
others hard toil and labor. Were they happy
in idleness and selfishness? If I am not mis-
taken, an idle person is always a selfish one ;
at least when I am idle — sitting still when 1
do not need ^est, I am sure I am acting selfish-
ly. It seems to me it is a kind of foolish self-
ishness too, for one who will not work, gets
very little for himself, of anything that is de-
sirable.

It is pretty diflicult for a physician to make
any progress in curing a patient before the
patient will admit himself to be ill. And if
we who are working for somebody else, un-
hesitatingly decide that the fault is all with
our employers, and none of it with ourselves,
that we do not get better wages, very likely
nothing can be done in the way of improve-
ment. I do not mean to say that employees
are the only ones who need educating, by any
means, for we are all of us employers more or
less, as well as employees. If we are conscious
of our need of improvement, or even if we are
only conscious of having a need of more mon-
ey, we are ready for work, that is if we have
decided to i)ay the price, of "more money." It
may be that after having done every thing in
your power, your efforts will be apparently
unheeded, and your pains will all l)e like cast-
ing pearls before swine. Be of good cheer my
friend ; you are by no means the first one who
has become weary in well doing, and won-
dered whether it were really any use trying
to melt hearts of stone. Your reward will
come in due time, and it may come in a way
(luite unexpected.

'222

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Aug.

• Be on hand promptly, and let] those who
may be waiting for you learn to depend on
you as on the rising of the sun. Be accurate
in small matters, no matter how much the ef-
fort may cost you, and when you tind it im-
possible to meet your appointment s,'notify the
one who is depending on you as quickly as
possible, and if you should happen to exhibit
more zeal in small matters than is usoal, or
really necessary, do not mind it if you are
laughed at. The laugh will very soon come
on the other side if you persevere. If it is your
business to sweep, do the sweeping so thor-
oughly that if there is to be any extreme, it
will be on the safe side, for it is an easy mat-
ter to learn to do sweeping poorly or hastily,
if you should be desired to do it in that way.
When a hand can be found that will do his
work well and thoroughly every time, even if
he be not a rapid workman, it is a very easy
matter to learn to do it fast. Be sure that
what you do is done right, and keep your wits
about you. We have just had a number of
girls and women at work putting up section
boxes, but every new hand would have to be
told one or more times that the sections must
be put into the large frames so that the strip
of fdn. was on the upper side. After watching
the matter carefully, every little while a sec-
tion would be found upside down, and finally
we were obliged to caution the hands at the
apiary, against putting on any upper stories,
without looking to see if the girls had not
made some such blunders, because one such
mistake, would result in having the honey
running as soon as the upper story was taken
off, and very likely the daubing of a whole lot
of honey. Our errand boy, 9 years old, asked
if he might put sections together; being in a
hurry, I told him to go to v>^ork, and I would
show him how, after awhile. He was forgot-
ten, but when I went to look over his work, I
did not find a single mistake in several hives
that he had filled. The reason was that
he had at a glance taken in the whole purpose
of the work, and knew as well why the fdn.
was huny from the top bar, how the bees got
in, and how the frame full was hucg in the
hive, as he did why his eyes were located near
the top of his head, instead of near his heels.

If you are going to be valuable, you must
be observing ; you are not only to know how
the work is to be done, but just why it is to be
done so. If you are desired to use any kind
of machinery, you should as speedily as possi-
ble, learn all about the machinery. If your
employer finds that you are smart enough to
put it in repair when it gets out of order, in-
stead of putting him to the expense of a ma-
chinist, and the consequent delay, he will be
very likely to bear it in mind when it comes
time to decide how much he can afford to pay
you. Besides, where the person who uses a
machine is in the habit of repairing it, he will
be pretty sure to see that it is kept well oiled,
and is not allowed to be kept running when it
is unfit for work. Expensive machinery is
sometimes allowed to run without oil, or with
the screws or rivets loose, in a way that re-
sults in very expensive breakdowns, just be-
cause the persons having them in charge,
were careless or indifferent about the work
on which they were employed.

I am well aware that it is a much easier
matter to tell what ought to be done, than to
do it, and that it is easier to tell the faults oi
others than to see our own ; .but those who
have fought the battle and come off conquer-
ors, know that we can in time shake off these
besetting sins, and that the victory is weli
worth all the toil and pains.

Are you disappointed in your expectations?
Then school yourself to being more modest iD
your promises, and try to make it a point to
do a little better. than you agree. Are you
constantly making mistakes? Do everything
so slowly and deliberately that you can not
blunder, and recognizing your weak point, en-
deavor by every possible means to avoid leav-
ing a chance for mistakes to creep in. This
latter point is one on which considerable
study has been spent, and our railway and ex-
press companies have devised some very inge-
nious ways and plans to render mistakes al-
most an impossibility. I will mention a few
of the devices and plans that have come under
my observation.

Where certain tools are used by many hands,
it is very diflicult to have all remember to put
them in their proper places. If a picture of
the hatchet and saw are made on the wall just
where they are to be hung, no one, not even
the smallest child, can fail to understand
where the place is. If the wall is white, the
figure of the tool may be painted some dark
color.

If you have many duties to attend to, and
find you are liable to forget some of them,
note them down on a slate, and make it a
point to examine the contents of this slate
once or twice every day. If you, during the
day, think of something that needs attention,
note it on a piece of paper, and if you have
learned by past experience that you are likel-y
to forget all about your paper if you put it in
your pocket, do not put it there but carry it
in your hand until you can put it on your
slate. In our own business there are four ot
us who have boxes or pigeon holes for our
work, and as each one has his department, all
letters and orders are distributed as they come
from the office, wh"ere they belong. This ar-
rangement has proven so satisfactory, that we
often write orders for each other and drop
them into the proper boxes even while we are
sitting side by side, that each one may work
on silently without interruption, and take up
each different item with deliberation, and in
its proper order.

Young carpenters make many mistakes in
taking dimensions; especially if they depend
upon leet and inches. To avoid this, I would
not use a rule, but would cut a stick of the ex-
act length wanted. To avoid cutting so many
sticks, simply taek two lath together so that
they give the length wanted. So much trouble
has resulted from measuring for the dimen-
sions of frames, hives, &e., that I have been
obliged to emphatically insist that hands
should not use squares or rules, but the stand-
ard guages that are provided for ail the differ-
ent sizes of frames. A bee-keeper once said the
only way he could get accurate hive stuft', was
to take one board to the lumber mill, and tell
them to make so many pieces like that. When
this was done, to take the next piece and so

1877

CfLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

233

on, for just as surely as they were shown two
•different pieees at once, Just so sure were they
to get something mixed. It is quite probable
these frequent misanderstandings were not all
the fault of one party, but both ; for a really
valuable business person will give * very care-
less person a message so plain and brief, that
lie can hardly make a mistake. Many people
9n giving their orders say too much, and
clothe their directions in such a mass of un-
important matter, that they are almost sure of
l>eing misunderstood.

If you have directions that you wish to give
a child, or any one who will be pretty sure to
he careless or forgetful, first decide in your
own mind the very simplest way in which you
■can p«t it, and then make them repeat it over
after yon to be sure you are not misunder-
stood. If they then make a mistake, blame
yourself, and not the child.

It may be a heroic thing to stand before a
cannon's mouth in battle, but my friends there
is a great demand for the kind of heroism that
is required to enable you to bear the blame
yourself, of many of these little vexations of
every day life. When something is amiss, and
everybody is ready to exclaim *'It was not I,"
give me the one who is manly enough to take
all his share and a little more, without a word
of attempt to put it on some other person's
shoulders. Take opon yourself more hard la-
bor, and give freely of your hard earnings if
need be, but do not show yourself cowardly,
or selfish, where some one must suffer.

Now a word to employers ; it struck me the
other day that the familiar lines we have many
of us learned in our childhood, showed just
about the spirit that an employer needed.

"Let love through all your actions rup.
And all your words be mild."

How far, O how very far, does my own life
fall short of this. And yet I know perfectly
well, that love and mildness would be the j
most powerful arguments that could possibly ,
be used, for carrying on a manufacturing es- ■
tablishment profitably. Why is it, that we j
can not follow in that straight and narrow
path, when we know it is so much safer, bet- 1
ter in every way, and even more profitable. i

An employer can be firm and decided, can i
insist on a faithful performance of the work as
he directs, can reprove heedlessness, dishon-
esty, untruthfulness, outbreaks of temper, &c.,
and all with mildness, nay, even with a kindly
look, but it is one of the hardest tasks to do,
of any thing I ever tried in all my life. Noth-
ing but earnest fervent prayer for strength,
patience and courage, has enabled me to do
this work as I feel it should be done, and as a
reward for even my humble efforts, I have
about me earnest and faithful friends, instead
of those who otherwise might have been ene-
mies, or something akin to it. Nay, farther,
not a single hand has been discharged, since
the new light began to dawn on my own life,
and may God grant that no such unpleasant
occurrence may ever take place in our peace-
ful workshop.

Conliniied next month.

ITIAKING SECTION BOXES.

SAM much pleased with your section boxes, I am
the better prepared to appreciate the fine work-
— , matiship displayed, alter my own efforts at making
them. I am bothered somewhat by cuttInK grooves of
unequal depths across the ends. 1 think I fhall have
to clamp the bimdles more firmly than wltli paper
bands alone.

There is another question or problem that I would
like to have solved, viz., do bees work well in vour
upper tier of sections when you use the tin separators /
I had fears that two tiers of sections as you use them,
with separators, would not be a success. I have been
fitting up a few hives wUIi one tier of sections.

Our honey harvest Is yet to come in this locality.
I smart weed and Spanish needle being our main de-
nendance. I have about 100 colonies of Italians an<l
hybrids In L. lilves. Have been using 4 lb. boxes
mostly. If you find the sections as you use them O K.
I shall probably "go for" the Simplicities. I make
my own hives. Run saws by horse power. I will sav
in this connection that I find a « Inch emery wheel 13(
inches thick used on the mandrel a very useful tool
for gumming saws when the teeth are % inches or
more between points. T. I'. Andrews.

Farina, Ills., July Sth, 1877.

We formerly used clamps made of wood to
hold the pieces of the section boxes while they
were being grooved, besides the paper bands
that keep them in bundles, but we have recent-
ly had some made of iron by our blacksmith.
We gi%-e a cut of them for they are very con-
venient for a great variety of purposes, with
circular saws.

Now I know you will many of you be disapiiolnted
in not finding your communications in this Xo.; in
fact I am disappointed mvself, to find Gleanings
will hold no more, for I have many items that
I had decided must go in.

We use the bands of paper also, that our
work may be nicely bundled ready to ship or
lay away. It requires practice to do nice
work, and if the stuff is to be very exact, it
can be planed after it is sawed out ; as a little
difference in the thickness of the stuff makes
no difference at all in the size of the finished
boxes, we think it will be unnecessary to go
to this expense, especially as one who is ex-
pert with saws, will do sawing that differs
very little indeed, in appearance, from work
finished with a planer. We prefer a saw with
a wide set, to the grooving tool furnished with
the Barnes' saws. One groove at a time is all
that can be done profitably with a foot power.
To cut the whole 5) at once rapidly, needs
about a ten horse power engine.

To be sure the bees work in the upper tier
of sections. We were well satisfied on that
point, before making such hives largely. The
tier next the brood frames, is perhaps as a gen-
eral thing filled a little first, but by no
means invariably ; after these are removed,
the upper ones are sealed while they are filling
the lower ones again, thus keeping them con-
tinuously at work.

You are not the only one who is going for
the Simplicities since it has been demonstrated
that they give just as much honey — if we ex-
cept the chaff hive — as any other, and are far
cheaper and easier to handle than the most ex-
pensive and complicated ones.

We have used an emery wheel, but as ours
are all very fine toothed, we find files the most
convenient. The half round files we advertise,
are the best we have found.

In regard to the 4 lb. boxes ; we have some

324'

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Aug.

very pretty ones with glass on four sides filled
with nice clover honey, yet we are unable to
get even 15 cents per lb. for them, while the
small sections, made of light wood, are in
brisk demand at 25. The matter seems to be
pretty well -demonstrated, that sections 4I4
inches square, holding just one lb. on an aver-
age, are going to sell at better rates than any
thing else ; tiiere is no chance for argument,
let consumers see both kinds, and if they
choose the small light package, even at a high-
er price, all objectors will soon fall into line
no matter what may be their personal views.

I*ex*talniiig to Bee Culture.

[We respectful^ solicit the aid of our friends in
conducting- this' department, and would consider it
a favor to have tliem send us all circulars that have
a deceptive api)earance. Tlie greatest care will be at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being done
any one.]

SjjpS there such a man as N. C. Mitchell, in Indianap-
y olis, Ind. ? I received the Bee-Keepers Directory
4^ from such a min advertising a bee hive at §1.00. I
sent money f )r said hive but can pet no hive nor an-
swer from" him. I have written several times, is it a
humbus;.^ He speaks of you in his circular. Please
let me .know. H. M. Morris.

llantoul, Ills., July 9th, 1877.

We warned our readers nearly four years
ago, that sending money to Mitchell was like
pouring water into a tunnel ; it is gone, hope-
lessly. We have had warning in almost every
No. published since then, but complaints like
the above are still coming thick and fast.

DEPOSITORY OF

Or Letters from Tliosc \l^lio Have ITIade
Bee Culture sl Failure.

M)Y bees are doing splendidly this spring. Had
live colonies last fall. Wintered on summer
I stands; found all dead this iipring. Bought

two swarms of Italians, all doing well and have in-
creased to six. Plenty of white clover in this section
of the country. Am a reader of Gleanings and like
it amazingly. H. H. Schwilly.

Yorkville, Ills., June 20th, 1877.

Although you have had some very bad luck
friend S., it ju,st now occui-s to us you do not
belong here, after all, but soniebodi/ must be
here or the department would run dowii.

Your "Blasted Hopes" column was very slim la-st
month. 'Evtivy hce 'RQih.e o\ twenty -three colonies. Not
uuich honey in prospect for next winter's buckwheat
cakes. E. Plowman.

Lansing, Ills., June 30th, 1877.

But we want to know how it came about
friend P. You are as, bad as the fellow that
told the Yankee he would tell him how he
lost his arm, if he would promise to ask no
more questions. It was bitten off.

$€H§ and §u^ri^^.

Seven thousand lbs. honey so far. Will e.\ceed 10,000
lbs. this year. J. Oatman & Co.

• Dundee, Ills., July 10th, 1877.

I send you a paper, the Valley Herald pu'blished at
our county seat which has a little article on "Bees on a
rampage." I would be glad to hear your views on the
^ubject. What caused those bees to act so, &c. ? Any
thing from you will be read with interest.

John W. Hoodenptle.

Looney's Creek, Tenn., July 10th, 1877.

BEE3 ON A EAMPAGE.

Mr. Elisha Tate, who lives some fifteen miles from this
place on the head of Battle Creek, met with quite a sin-
gular misfortune on the liUh inst. He has, or did have
at that time, about twenty hives of bees, and on that day,
while all were away from the house except a daughter
and the baby, the bees became mad from some cause or
other, left their hives in large swarms and commenced to
sting ever.y living thing on the place. They attacked the
daughter, who fled from the house, leaving the babe on
the bed. A fine jack was stung to death in the stable ;
all the chickens were killed, and a sheep, that was around
the' house, was stung so badly on the nose that that organ
swelled to huge dimensions, causing death by suffocation.
The cries of the daughter brought Mr. Tate to the house,
and he proceeded to rescue his babe, which he found lit-
erally covered with bees ; and we understand that it was
with great ditficulty that its life was saved. Mr. T. at-
tempted to ' destroy the bees at night by piling fodder on
the hives and setting lire to it, but it only served to again
arouse theni and they attacked the family and compelled
them to abandon their house and go to a neighbor's.

No one can account for the strange occurrence. Some
think that a snake must have visited the hives, as it is
known that bees have the greatest antipathy toward
snakes. '

[The article is in all probability, considerably exagger-
ated, as such things usually are, before they get into the
papers, but it affords an excellent lesson nevertheless on
the results of letting bees get into a habit of robbing each
other, or of finding honey scattered about the premises.
1 tried in the A B C, an&eb of bees, to illustrate it, but
the above does it still better. The woist season seems to
be after bass wood is over, and the bee's seem to get esptc-
ially crazy, if they even get a smell of this aromatic hon-
ey left cKrelessly about the hives. One who has never
seen such a state <)f affairs, can have but little idea of the
furious way in which they sting everything, and every-
body. The remedy is to get a kettle of coals and put in
enough chips or sawdust to make a "big smoke" ; carr.v
this out among tlie liives and proceed to close every hive
that shows any symptoms of being robbed. Shut up ev-
ery bit of honey where not a bee can get at it, and do
your work well, for they will at such times wedge into
and get through cracks that would make one think inch
boards were hardly protection enough. Just before dark.
let all the robbers go home, and be up betimes next morn-
ing to see that all entrances are close and small, and that
all the hives are bee tight. An experienced hand, will
restore peace and quietness in a very short time, in mcli
a demoralized apiary. Black bees are much worse than
Italians, for the latter will usually hold their stores
against any number of assailants ; good strong well made
hives, of Italians, with plenty of bees and brood in each,
will be in little danger of any such "raids," although we
have seen the wounded and slain piled up in heaps be-
fore robl)ers would desist and give up trying to force an
entrance.]

You cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
"Dear me what a bother — I viust have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comef.
and you can sit down happy, any time you wish to find
any thing you may have previously seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders lor Gleanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free bj' mail for 50, 60, and 75c, ac-
cording to ijuality. For table of prices of Binders for
any Periodical, see Oct. No., Vol. 2. Send in your

orders.

A. I. ROOT, Melina.O.

ITA1.IA1V QITEENS and Bees for sale, at the
laltan apiary of
9d E. E. SHATTUCK, Los Angeles, Cal.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

225

I.TIPLKITIEIVTS FOK BKK CM.TURE AL-
PHABETICALLY AURAarUEO.

For descri ptions of Mjc various articles, tee our tenth
•edition circular found in April No., Vol. V., or mail-
rid on application.

This price list to be taken in plsboe of those of former
<5ate.

MailiiHle articles are desisrnated in the left hand col-
uran of fissures; ttie ligures Kiviiig the amount of jmsfat/e
rcqtdred.

Canada irostape on merchandise is limited to SJf
oe., and nothing can be sent for less than lOc.

BEES.

Bees, full colony amply pro\ided for winter, in
our new two stoiy, chaff hive (described Nov. and
Dec.No's .. 76), testeil queen from imported mother,
safe arrival guaranteed. . (Lawn hive §1 more.) . .§15 00

The same in a 1 story Simplicity hive 13 00

The same in old style L. hive with jwrtico, etc 12 00

The same with hybrid queen.... 10,00

Xot jirovisioned for winter (hybrids in old hive) 7,00

Two frame nucleus with tested queen 5 50

The same with dollar queen 4. 00

For an imported queen in any of the above, add §5,00
We think we can prepare bees for shipping safely any
month in the year; when we fail in so doing, we will {--ive
due notice.

0 I Binder, Emerson's, for Gleanings 50, (W, 75

I Balances, spring, for suspended hive (1)0 lbs) 8,00

10 I Blocks, iron, for metal cornered frame making 15

One of the above is given free with every 100 frames, or
tOf'O comers.

I Barrels for honey, $2,50; waxed tu id painted S3,50

Buzz-saw, foot-power, compMe; circular with cuts free
on application. Two saws and two gauges included. S35 <"
\i I Buzz-saws, extra, 6 in. 1,50; 7 in., 1.75; 8 inch-. 2 00
C6 I Buzz saw mandrel and boxes complete for G inch

I saws 5 00

1 The same for 7 and 8 inch saws (not mailable) . . 8 00

I Comb Foundation Machines complete S30 to 100 00

I Comb basket made of tin, holds 5 frames, has

I hinged cover and pair of handles • 1 ^»0

<X) Chaff cushions for wintering 30

23 1 Chaff cushion di\'ision boards 20

Half price without the chaff, and postage 5 and [)c.
20 I Cand.v for bees, can lie fed at any season, per ft . 17

£0 I Corners, metal, per hundred 75

to ! '• " top only 1 OO

15 I " " bottom, per hundred ZQ

On 1,000 or more n. discount of 10 j)er cent, will be made,
and on 10,000 25 per cent. The latter will be given to
those who advertise metal cornered frames.

I Corners. Machinery complete for making 250 00

'0 i Clasi3s for transferring, package of 100 25

0 I Cards, queen resisterins, per doz. 6c, per 100. . . 10

2 I Cages -' all of metal 10

2 I " wood and wire cloth, 5c each, per doz 50

2 I Cheese cloth, for strainei-s, jier yard 10

12 i Duck, for feedin2r,and covering the frames — bees

! do not bite it— per yd. (29 inches wide) 20

j Extractors, according to size of frame S7 50 to 10 (X)
i '* inside and gearing,iiicluding honeygate 5 00
I " Hoops to go around the top (per doz. §5.) 50
7 I Feeders. 1 q't_, tin, can lie used without open-
I ing the hive, in warm weather— neat and

simple 10

2") I The same, 6 qts, to be used in upper story. . . 50

A I Frames with Metal Corners 05

5 I " " Sample Rabbet and Clasps — 10

18 Galvanized iron wire for grapevine trellises

I per lb. (about 100 feet)

0 I Gleanings, Vol's 1 and II, each 75c., Vol IV

0 I " VoL III, second-handed 2 00

0 j " first four volumes neatlv bound 5 00

0| " " " " unbound 4 00

rrO I Gearing for Extractor with supjwrting arm. . 1 50
tY, 1 "Gates for Extractors tinned for soldering...

SIMPLICITY BEE-niYE.

One body and 1 cover in the flat, as sample to work
from— one sample frame and sheet of duck in-
cluded

One story hive for extractor (body .50c— 2 covers
■ '.Oc— nailing and painting 20c— quilt 25c— 10 frames
<ific— crating lOc) 2 25

One stoi-y hive for comb honey is precisely the
same as the above, substituting 2 frames of sections
for 4 metal cornered frames 2 25

The above 16 sections will be fitted with fdn., and
starters ready for the bees, for 15c, and the tin sepa-
rators added for 10c, making whole complete 2 50

The above two hives contain everything used in a 2
stor>- hive. We simply use another body tilled with frames
or sections, for a 2 story hive.

For a 2 story hive for the extractor, add (to 1 story
2 25) body 50c— nailing and painting 10c— 10 frames

20
1 00

50

1 00

i)('c— crating 5c, making comi)lete 2 story containing

20 frauii's .'5 50

For a 2 story hive for comb honey add (to 1 story

2 25) body 50c— nailing and painting 10c — t; frames
of sections 780-1 metal cornered frame Gc— crating
Gc, makiiiic (>omi)lete 2 story containing 7 frames and
6t sections 3 75

If filled with fdn. starters UOc— if also lilled with tin
separators iOc, making §4 75, if two latter items are
wanted.

An upiKM- story filled with sections, fdn. starters
and all ready to be set over any L. hive S2,75

To })repare the aliove hives tor winter, put in place of
the 2 outside frames olialT cushions, price 20c each, and
a thick one on top 30c.

Iron frame to Kauge size of above hives, and to
hold them true when nailing:, size 20^x16 inside 75

I CHAI F HIVE FOll OUT DUOK WINTERING, 10

frames below, and 14 frames or 80 section
I boxes ! hove, well painted and finished com-

I plete (Lawn hive 81 more.) S5 CO

If filled with fdn. starters and separators, S1.25 more. .
Without frames chaff or paint, as sample to work

from 2 50

These hive ,, if supplied with stores, will, we hope,
need no attention whatever, from the time honey
ceases until it comes again the next season.

Two frame nucleus hive, neatlv painted 60

0 I Knives, Honey (>< doz. for §,=^.25, or §5 by Exp.) 1 00
i " " curved point S1.15..per K doz fi 25

Labels for honey, in blue and gold, dark bronze and
gold, or in white printed in two colors, furnished
with your own address, and source from which the
honey was gathei'o<l, already gummed, post paid b.v
mail, (no order rec'd for less than 250). At these
low rates, the full numljer mentioned mws)! be or-
dered without the change of one single letter of the

tyne 1000, §3,25 ; .500,82,10; 250,81,80

0 I Lithograph of the Hexagonal Apiary 2.">

I Lamp, Nursery for hatchingqueen cells as built 5 00
0 I Laivae, lor queen rearing, from June to Sept. 25
15 i Microscope, Comjiound, in Mahogany box... 3 00
0 I Piepareil objects for above, such as bees'

I wing, sting, eye, foot, etc., each 25

0 I Medley of Bee-Keepers' Photo's, (150 Photo's) 1 00

0 I Magnitying Glass, Pocket ."50

<s I ■■ " Double lens, brass, on 3 feet 100

7 I Muslin, Indian head, for quilts and cushions
I per yard, pretty stout, but not good as duck. 10

I Paraflne, for waxing barrels, per pound 20

0 I Photo, of House Apiary and Improvements.. 25

2 I Rabbets. Metal per foot 02

SECTION BOXES IN THE FLAT, PEE 1,000.

Any dimensions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 00

The above is 50 cubic inches ; for larger sizes add 10c
per 1,000 for each additional cubic inch or fraction of an
inch, outside measure. Extra prices for less than .500.

just right to fit in L. frames, 2x4ii'x4ii 9 50

Sample b.y mail with fdn 5

If the grooving for holding the fdn. is omitted, 25c less
per 1,000. Sections weigh from 7 to 10 lbs per 100.
10 I L. frame made 2 inches broad to hold 8 sections 5

25 I The same with S sections

25 1 The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees...-.

Adding tin separators to either of the above will in-
crease the price 5c, and the postage 6c.
C I Section lx)xes, fancy, hearts, stars, crosses, etc. each 5

3 I Sheets of duck to keep the bees from soiling
I or eating the cushions

Salicylic acid, for foul brood, ]jer oz

Scissors, for clipping queen's wings

Seed, Alsike Clovei', raised near us, per lb...

" Summer Ra))e. Sow in June and July.

" Chinese Mustard, per oz

" Mignonette per lb. (20c. per oz.) 1 50

" Mellilot. or Sweet Clover, per lb 60

Silver Hull Buckwheat (peck by express, 75c) 10

Smoker, Quiuby's (to Canada 15c extra) 1 50

Doolittle's 25

" Bingham's 150

2 I Tacks, Galvanized 10

5 I Tins for fastening glass in section boxes, lOOO. . . 25

5 I Thermometers...". 40

0 1 Veils, Bee, with face of Brussels net, (silk).. 75

0 I The same, all of tarletan (almost as good)... 50

I Wax Extractor 3 50

I Copper bottomed boiler for above 1 50

5 I Wire Cloth, for Extractors, tinned, per sq. ft. 15

2 1 " •' (Juecn Cages 12

Above is tinned, anil meshes are 5 and IS to the inch*

3 I Painted wire cloth, 14 mesh to the in^h, per

square foot 7

All goods delivered on board the cars here at prices
named.
S^-Wc will pay $1.50 cash, for Vol. IIL A. I. ROOT.

13
20

10
50
40
25
15
25

22G

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

m m

aiue
oth,

lhe.se
hand

CO

K

* •- o

O
O

g S = s
'i,pi~ 2
ft .2 w

<

g ••■■ -JOB

K

^i '^ ^

M

b.

s 5ft ?-'S

O

5i!t§«

(0

o

tt:

Q.

Jrt ordering be sure to give outside dimensions of frame, and length of top bar.

.AuXJ^VEIRTISEIwarElSn'S.

Advertisements will be received at the rate of 20
cents per line, Nonpareil space, each insertion, cash
in advance; and we require that every Advertiser sat-
isfies ns of responsibility and intention to do all that
he agrees, and that his goods are really worth the
price asked for them.

We will send a sample copy of the Bee-Keeper's
!tla$£aziiief post-paid, to any person in any way inter-
ested in Bees or their Produets, or in the apparatus
so successfully used in modern maiiasreraent. Just send
your name and address to A. J. ItlNCc &, CO.,
8tf 61 Hudson St., Bfe-w York.

Every Bee-keeper s^Iiould subscribe for it.

Tlie American Bee Journal

Is the best scientific and practical Journal of APICUL-
TURE in the world. The most successful and experienced
Apiarians in Europe, as well as America, contribute to its
pages. In fact, it is the oldest and largest Bee Paper in
the Eniflish language. %2. Per Annum. Send a Stamp
for a Sample Copy. Address THOMAS O. NEWMAN,
ti 184. Clark st., Chicago. 111.

I T A L 1 A N BEES.

Full colonies ?10.00 e:ich ; tested queens S.'J.OO ; war-
ranted queens §'2,00 ; not warranted $1,00. Queens bred
from imported mothers and selected home bred stock.
Sent bv mail at my risk. Swarms shipped in Lan^stroth
hive and one frame of comb 87,00. Lanirstroth hives sin-
gle one t2,00. Lots of 5 to 10 at Sl,50 each— cap 7 inches,
one coat of paint, no portico.

T. G'. McGAW, Monmouth.
6-9 Lock Box Ci. Warren Co.. 111.

We are receiving qiieens from the best districts in
Italy, which wc will sell at S5. each.

This price being very near cost no discount can be
given on the dozen.

Having ordered queens sent to us every two weeks,
we expect to fill orders without ilelay.

Wc will deliver at express ollice here in box as re-
ceived, or forward by mail, as requested.

No queens raised this season or circular issued.

Registered letter or monev order sent at our risk.
C. V/. & A". H. K. BLOOD,
8tl r. O. Box 23i. Quincy, Mass.

Names of responsible parties will be inserted in
either ot the foil owing departments, at a uniform price
of 10c, each insertion, or SLOO per year.

Names inserted in this department the first time with-
out charge. After, 20r. each insertion, or S'2.^0 per year.

Those whose names appear below, agree to furnish
Italian Queens the coming season for Jl. 00 each, under
the following conditions : No guarantee is to be as-
sumed of purity, safe delivery, or anything of the
kind, only that the qi^een be reared from a choice, pure
mother, and had commenced to lay when they were
shipped. They also agree to retnrn the naoney at any
time when customers become iispatient of such delay
as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best queens, pu J
up neatest and most securely, will probably receive
the most orders. Special rates for warranted and
tested queens, I'nrnished on application to any of the
parties. Names with *, nse an imported Queen moth-
er. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
*C. C. Vaughan, ColurabJa, Tenn. 3-S

*Wm. W. Gary. Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass. 3-2

*J. Oatman & Co., Dundee, 111. 1-1:J

*E. W. Hale, Wirt, C. H., West Va. 6-(;

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md. 1-1-.:

*Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, Ga. 1-12

♦Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis. 1-li?

*Wm. J. Andrews, Columbia, Tenn. 2-2

*Aaron J. Weidner, Bigler. Adams Co., Pa. 4-y

*J. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y. 5-11

Miss A. Davis, Holt. Ingham Co.. Mich. .5-4

D. A. Pike, Smithsburg, Wash. Co., Md. 5-0

*W. A. Eddy, Easton, Adams Co., Wis. 6 11

*T. G. McGaw, Monmouth, Warren Co., Ills. fiO

*E. C. Blakeslee, Medina, Ohio. 6tfd

*A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

*H. H. Brown, Litrht Street, Columbia Co.. Pa. 7-0

*J. Shaw & Son, Chatham Center, Medina Co., O, Stfd
*M. L. Stone, Mallet Creek, Medina Co., O. Stfd

We whose names appear below agree to sell a good col-
ony of Italian bees with tested queen, in new one story
hive, for 610,00. If in an old hive, §1,00 less. Safe arri-
val guaranteed.

A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
A. I. Boot, Medina, Ohio.

M. S. West, Pontiac. Mich. 6-5

Geo. W. Simmons, Newark, Del. l-ia

Isaac L. Parker, McMinnville, Warren Co., Tenn. 3-2

Thos. F. Wittman, Camden, N. J. 6-5d

TESTED QUEENS for S2.oO, with 2 frame nucleiis
full of brood and bees S5.50, five for ?25.00 ; all from
imported mother. The same with a dollar queen §4.00.
E. C. BLAKESLEE, Medina, Ohio.

kUHd h %m and %()mi,

And Peace on Earth and Oood Will toward Men.

FXJBIjIST3:EID IS^fllOlSrTHIj^S', .A-T ]VCE1^I1^T-A., OHIO,

^(©1® w®

'©pi©w4B!©^i) iSf f®

r^® ®®

|o ^aii?f §n§umfiQ frf^urf^.

PATENT HIVES— WHAT FRAME OR HIVE TO USE— SHALL WE USE AN EXTRACT-
OR, OR RAISE COMBHONEYV— ITALIANS— THE BEE MOTH— SPACE FOR COMBS
— FOUNDATION.

While I earnestly try to maintain a broad "charity for all, and malice toward none," and while
I do not wish to take upon myself the responsibility of dictating a course for others, I feel it a
duty to discourage with all my might, both by precept and example, everything in the shape of
patented bee hives, or patents on anything pertaining to bee-culture. On the other hand I shall
try to encourage every one to do all in their power to advance the common good of all. I do not
believe the world "selfish and grasping," but have unlimited confidence in the disposition of our
people to desire to pay for everything they get, and to reward those who work for them disinter-
estedly, when they once get a clear undei-standing of the matter. If you have made a, valuable
invention or discovery, give it to the people rejoicing that you have been enabled to contribute
your mite to the common good, and in seeing others happy, and sooner or later, you will surely
have your reward. Nnthing is patented in the shape of hives or implements, that ice advertise.

I recommend the Langstroth frame for everybody, and for every purpose whatever, in pref-
erence to anything else, and I have pretty thoroughly experimented witii all shapes and sizes.
There may be other forms that will give just as good results, but I do not believe there are any
better. For all general purpose, I advise the Simplicity hive holding ten of the above frames.
The hive is made of Js lumber, and is 20Hi by 16 inches outside measure. The Langstroth frames
as our gauges make them, are 17?3 by O's outside measure. As the chaff hive is the same thing
with an outer shell to hold the chaff that protects the hive from the winter's frosts, as well as
summer's sun, no confusion can result from using both in the same apiary.

Produce just whiche^'er pays best in your own market, and no one can tell so well as you,
yourself, can bj' trying both ; you can perhaps produce a nice article of extracted for about 15c.,
as cheaply as comb honey for 20c. You can produce thin, raw, unripened honey without any
trouble for lOe. or less, biit it will probably pay you best to give your customers an article as good
in every respect as that found in the nicest comb honey.

If your hives are all full, upper story and lower, a«id the honey is still uncapped, put on a
third one, and neither let your bees hang out idly nor swarm, if it takes another story still. When
they get to crowding out, give them room if you have to sit up all night to do it.

The comparative advantages of the black or common bees and Italians, is a matter that no
longer admits of discussion, and I must consider the very few iiiili\iihials who write in favor of
the former as belonging to that class of unfortunates who seem to delight in being contrary. If
tons of honey are to be considered a proof, the matter has long ago been amicably settled in favor
of the Italians.

The bee moth need hardly be mentioned now, unless it is to advise you to drive them out with
Italians, for whenever they come into a neighborhood, the moths get out without any farther
trouble or bother. This one feature alone, is enough to justify introducing Italian queens in
place of the blacks.

The usual space allowed for brood combs is about 1 7-16 inches, but the matter is not at all im-
portant. They can be worked as closely asl^s, or as far apart as 1?^. For surplus honey we
would have about 3 inches space from centre to centre of the combs.

Perhaps no one thing in bee culture, ever brought finth such unbounded tokens of approval,
as has the comb foundation. All controversies are at :ui end and nothing now remains but to de-
vise ways and means whereby the expense of its manufacture may be cheapened.

328

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

Contents of this Number.

ralifornia and their "blasted hopes" 331

Boy bee-heepers, and what to do with bees that

will hang- out 235, 231

Stretching- or sagging of the fdn 251, 331

Overstocking- 331

Wintering nuclei, and how it usually turns out. . .334

Do lajing (jucens c^cr go a visiting- 334

Cross bees, nnd how to get gentle ones 234

Our friends in the South, etc 335

Starch versus slippery elm, for making- fdn 335

Albinos 335

What was the matter 335

Drones with "red heads" 236

]?ee-sting remedies 236

Sweet closer as a honej' plant 236

Toads and sawdust 236

Varnishing honey cases 245

Honey fi-om corn 245

Moth worms on section boxes 245

Honey dew for winter stores 245

"Raw honey," what can be done with it 245

Feeding- and feeders 337

How to feed, and how to make the sjTup 238

Bee-feeder illustrated 23&

Smokers 240

Fuel for smokers 241

The smoker I prefer 242

Shipping- bees in hot weather 246

Button Bush 247

Sumac 247

Introducing- queens 247

Running- frames from side to side, instead of

from front to rear 247

Stopping bees when they are bound to "emi-
grate" 247

Covers of calico for hives 248

Smothering new swarms 348

Colonies that won't be queened 348

Honey column 251

Winter entrances 251

Importing queens from Italy 251

To-day we have 3333 subscribers. Aug. 29th.

Two queens were sent in the candy cages, clear to
Colorado. Both arrived safely.

WILL, exehanse Mammoth Cluster Raspberry plants
for a few colonies of Italian bees in hives. Plants
ready about October 1st.
y R. B. McMASTER. Sewickley, Pa. Box !>9.

QUEENS. Tested and untested, bred from my
choice loD«of imported mothers received from Italy
last fall. Safe arrival by mail cuaranteed at low prices.
Satisfaction (guaranteed. Circular free.
9 J. M. C. TAYLOR. Lewistown, Fred'k Co., Md.

CLASS ClITTEf^S.

Good class cutter to cut liuht and heavy kIhss for honey
boxes, hives, &c., &c. Sent nost-paid for .'iC cents,
y Address, H. M. MOYEE,

Hill Church, Berks Co.. Pa.

STANDS OF BEES, Italians, blacks and hy-
brids, in 2-story L. hives, in frood order and full of
honey, for sale at §G 00 per colony. A number of
new einiity hives, frames, boxes and sehlions uiveti with
the entire lot. Address, S. SUOTT HAMMITT, .Jr.,
1» College Hill, Ham. Co., O.

TESTED QUEENS for S-2.50, with 2 frame nucleus
full of brood and bees So.f 0, live for §25.00 ; all from
imported mother. The same w itli a dollar queen §4.00.
K. C. RLAKKSLEE. Medina, Ohio.

ITALIAN QUEENS
FOR SEPTEJVBBE

Rai.sed from imported or home brerl mothers. All war-
ranted pure and safe arrival guaranteed by mail. Queens
handsome, prolific, and proireny very jrentle. Five hun-
dred shinped up to Au;;. 15th. Sixteen years' experience
in rearing and selling them ; $1.00 each.
9 H. ALLEY, Wenham, Essex Co., Mass.

Pure bnd fai.cy Poulti-y fui Bees, Honey Extractors,
Foundation, Poot-1'ower S.aw ^Jaciiines, oi- anything in
the bee line. Correspondence solicited.
9 JAS. W. McMAKlN, Station A, Cincinnati, Ohio.

PURE ITALIAN BEES FOR SALE.

Will sell after x\ugust 15, 1877.

ONE HUNDRED COLONIES

OF

PURE ITALIAN BEES,

With Oueens raised this summer from IMPORTED
MOTHERS, at $6.00 per colosiy. Money must accom-
pany order, or it will not be noticed.

9-10 Jefferson, .Jefferson Co., Wis.

Set Out mi MS in the f All

For $1.50 I will forivard by Mail, prepaid,

1 Elvira, retail price 8l 00,

1 Taylor, " " 30,

1 Goethe, " " 30,

1 Wilder, " " 30,

0 Concord, " " 60, equal to f2 50.

Vines will bp sent in time f >r Fall planting. One year
old Concord Grape vines at S15,00 per thousand, two year
old at 130,00 per thousand, delivered at the Express office.
One year old Concord vines by mail, prepaid, $1 00 per
doz. Two year old Concord vines by mail, prepaid, 81,50
per doz.

Reference, the Editor of this Journal.

Address, J. G. WARNER,
9-10 Clover Farm Vineyard, Butler, Bates Co., Mo.

Imported Queens Received Weekly.

One Imported Queen 57 00

Single Queens to old customers GtO

Special rates for larger quantities.

Safe arrival guaranteed. CH. DADANT & CO..

8tf Hamilton, Hancock Co., 111.

Untested and unwarranted queens §1.00 ; tested queens
§2.50. Queens to be sent durinir the months of August
ftnd September. Address J. SHAW & SON.,
8-9 Chafh-im t^'^ntre. iMedi' a Co.- Ohio.

FJIjES for small circular saws. Something new.
With these a saw can be made to do handsomer work
tluin ordinary planing. For sample of the work, see sam-
ple of the Section Boxes we are ?!0«' sending out. Files
mailed for 2(ic. each. A. 1. ROOT, Medina. O.

Home Bred Italian Queens,

Post°paad 75 Cents.

Estimates furnished on hives of all styles and finish.
9 R. FERRIS, Belleville, Essex Co., N. J.

-CCB^B FOUSyDATSON.

Having purchased a machine for my own use I will
furnish the fdn. in strips any length by 5 inches or less
wide at 75c. per lb. if I can get the

Uees-Avax: "VVanled.
I will pay 3flc. cash for clean yellow wax delivered here.
I refer to the Editor of this Journal.

GEO. M. DALE.
Border Plains, Webster Co., Iowa. 8-it

TH^EE SIZES

Kxtra large 2 '-2 inch tube §1 7.'i

Per mail '2 0()

Standard 2 inch tube 1 5()

Per mail i <io

smu] I 1 ?., inch lu be 1 (K)

Per mail 1 25

These smokers difl', r only in size.
T. b\ BINGHAM,
'J Abronia, Mich.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

'>2!)

RESVIOVAL.

The Krooks Bro's. have removed their Apiary from
Columbus to Elizabethtowii, Ind., and would be please<l
to send you their new circular. Send for it before pur-.
«hasini!: ^•o^^r queens or bees.

Avldress, J. M. BROOKS & BRO.,

4-!» Elizabethtowii, Ind.

iiAL'iAif ml^]^^ thTfail

Vnwarranted Queens, each $1 00

"Warranted " " ;. . - 1 50

per >*' <jloz 8 00

" " per doz 14 PO

Tested " each 2 5ii

•2 franres, nucleus and tested queen 4 50

Sate arrival of all queens guaranteed.
5).10 J. OATM AN >fc CO., Dundee, Kane Co., 111.

JBritish Bee Joni-nal,

Is a large, beautiluUv printed, and profusely illus-
irated MONTHLY; clear tv 1)6 and tine heavy paper.

It is conducted bv CHARLES NASH ABIJOIT. Han-
well, W., London, England. Annual subscription,
half-a.guinea.

We will send it with Gleanings and pay all postage
(or 32.50.

Iiupi-oved (^uiuby f^inoker.

Quinby's " Bee - Ketpliiic Explained."
Box material for as praciical a box as can
be made. Glass cheaper than ever lie-
fore. Queens, Hives. Colonies, Extractoi-s,
Hive Clasps, Bee Veils, etc.

Send for Illustrated descriptive Cir-
cular. L. C. ROOT,

Jlohawk, Herkimer, Co., N. Y.
■Itf

Imin iatest and best machinery and promp'.ly supply

Pure Beeswax Comb FoiiiidatioR.

at the follow ing low prices: Made from yellow wax.
T< c per lb.; white vvax,tK)c per lb. Sheets 12 inches
wide f r less and as long as wanted. Five cells to the
inch and 4 to 8 f-qunre leet to the pound. Packed in
lieht wooden boxes— paper between the sheets.
bhtets cut to any desired size. Ten per cent discount
on EO lbs. or ruore. Wax delivered here, vriU be
worked up lor 3ic per lb. or for ha'f the wax. High-
est cash price pcid for pure wax delivered nere.
Freight or Express charges to be paid by the purcha-
ser. By mail, add 2.5c per lb. to above prices. Order
early befoie the sun-mer rush. Samide by mail, li c.

Enlarged circular, giving prices ol Qiiccns, Bees,
Hives, Boxeti, Extractors, etc, etc., sent free to all.
It tells Low to introduce queens, how to use founda-
tions, and many useail hints.

ITALIAN Q?iSEf^S FOR E877.

1 warrant safe arrivals of all my queens by mail.

Tested queens June 15th to July 15th each S;i 00

" '• after July l,5lh, each 2 5U

six 13 no

" " " *' per dozen 22 00

Warranted queens, each 1 50

six 8 00

" " per dozen 14 00

Dollar queens, each 1 00

" per dozen 1150

tf J. H. NELLIS, Canajoharie, N. Y.

ITALWS BEES.

Imported and home breil queens: full colonies and
nucleus colonies; bee keeper's supplies of all kinds,
<2ueens bred earl}- in the season. Send for catalogue.
Ittf DK. J. P. H. BROWN,

Augusta, Ga.

Wui. W. Cary, Colerain, Frnnklin Co., Mass. Six-
teen years experience in Pvopagalin;; QueKins direct
from imported mothers, from the best district in Italy.
Persons purchasing Queens or Swarms from me will get
what they bargain for. Send lor circular. ;iinq. I

COMB FOUNDATION.

PURE BEES WAX.

Packed in neat wooden boxes — paper between eveo'
two sheets. per lb. per pckit.

1 lb. tixti. by mail 80c 80

:5 " 12x18 or %il&'A , by mail 80c f 2 40

3 " " " by freight or exp. .58c 1 7.5

5 •' '• . . .5.5c 2 7fi

10 " "■ " " " " . . 55c 5 .50

25 " " " Sic 13 25

50 " " " " " " . . .52p 26 0(1

100 " " " " • •• . . sOc .50 00

500 •' " " " " '• , . 4Hc 340 00

1000 " •' " " /' " .. 45c 4.50 00

White wax, 25c per lb. extra, if wante<l, but we consider
the yellow in every respect preferable; even for comb
hcney.

The [dn. is kept in stock, in sheets 12x18 inches, aiifl
8xl(),)2 inches [exa-t size needed for L. brood frames]
packed in boxes of li, 5, 10. 25, .50 and 100 lbs. eaoh, anil
shipped only in these boxes at .the alwve prices.

There are 5 cells to the inch, and one pound of wax
mi kes from 4 to !) square feet of surface. The thinnest
will be u^ed b^ the bees, but is not made into comb as
quickly as the heavier, which has a j-'iteater depth of cell.

If CO lbs. ore wanted, send money for a 10 lb. box and a
50 lb. lx)X, Ac. The dillcrence in price is only enough to
cover the dift'ereuce in cost of boxing, packing, &c.: five 10
lb. hoses, and packing, handling and iiailinj: up (ive box-
es, cost much more ihan one 50 lb. box, and packing,
handling and nailing up one box.

As these ];ackages are all put up and kept in stock,
there can te no variaiion, unless at an additional price.

Now, my friends, if you want all sorts of quantities, or
want it cut all soris of sizes, I will accommodate you with
all the })lea ure in the world, for ten cts. pee lb. extka.

Whx will be worked up to order, and cut into sheets of
any siej desired, (or 25c per lb. in quantities of 100 lbs. or
more.

We will pay CCc per lb. cash for bright j'ellow wax, or
sell it for o5c.

At i.bove prices we can pay no express or freight
chnrgcs ciiber way.

Comb Foundation Machines.

Machiiies tbrniakirg sheets 1 foot wide - §1<0 OO
ENpi.essly for L. frame, 9 inches wide - 50(0

For making 5 inches for section boxes - .30 Oo

Double Boiler for above machines, - *3.C0, 3.50 and 4.0O
Dipping plates per pair. - - $1.00, 1.50 and 2.00
The above prices are for cells 4>^ or 5 to the inch.
If drone size is wanted, add SIO, $5 and S3 respectively
to above prices. The machines are all »eady for use,
and lull itstructions will be sent to each purchaser.
Address^ A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

We have «old machines for rnakin? fdn. toC. O. Perrine.
Chicago, Ills.; to D. A. .Tones. Benton, Ont., Canael*;
to J. M. ]\Iadory, Los Ansielos, Cal.; J. H. Nellis, Canajo-
h.irie, N. Y. ; to Lewis Walker, Ventura, Ventura Co..
Ca).: to G. M. Dale, Border Plains, Iowa.; to Rev. J. Van
Eaton, York, Livingston Co.. N. Y.; to G. W. Gates,
Bartlett, Tenn.; to \Vm. S. Heispertrer, Frederick C'itv,
Md.; to Wm. Raitt. Litr by Dundee. Scotland ; to W. R.
Bishop, Sherwood, Wis.; to James B. Hawkes, Arlinaton
Heiirhts, III. ; to W. S. Bovd, Bethanv, Ohio : to A. W.
Foreman, :M. D., White Hall. Ills., to Mrs. M. D. Minor,
Port Jackson, N. Y. : to T. G. Newman, Chicago, ills.,
and to C. M. Joslin, St. Charles, Jlich.

The four former were 12 inch, ana the rest, 5 inch ma-
chines. We presume all will be ready to furnish fdn.
at our prices. Also to C. R. Carlin, Bayou Goula, La.,
one .?50.<i0 machine.

C1L.XJI3BI1VG LiIST.

We will send Gleanings—

With The American Bee Journal (^2.00) ?2.50

'• The Bee Keeper's Magazine (1.50) 2.0O

'* Both The above Bee Journals cf America 4,00

" British Bee Journal 1S2.00) 2,60

" All Three 5,50

" American Agriculturist (81.60) ?2.25

" Prairie Farmer (S2.15) 2,!)0

" Rural New Yorker (t2..50) 3.25

" Scientific American (S3.20) 3,00

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener (Sl.CO) 1,75
\ Above rates include all FostapeA

ITAliIAlV QUEENS and Bees for sale, at the
laltan apiary of
9d E. E. SHATTUCK, Los Angeles, Cal.

230

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Sept.

JE. A^^. HALE'S

Price List of Bees, Queens, Etc., for 1877.

] Full colony .. .. with tested queen $13 00

1 three name nucleus " " " 5 50

1 " " " " dollar " 4 00

1 tested queen 2 50

luntested " • • } *J^

A discount of 10 per cent will be made on all orders
of more than 610.00 each. All my queens are raised
from Imported Mothers, I only guaranteeing the sate
arrival of all tested queens within 1000 miles. The
money must accompany each order, and all orders
will be filled strictly in rotation. My location enables
me to furnish queens much earlier than parlies far-
ther north. Address,
2-lOd E. W. HALE, Wirt C. H., W. Va.

SQUARE HONEY JARS.

One pound square honey jars, per gross 85 00

Two " " *' " " " ' ^

Corks, Caps, Labels, &c., at reasonable rates.
For lurther particulars address,

CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, O.

BOOKS for BEE-KEEPERS and OTHERST

Any of th>s3 bioks will hi forwarded by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.

In buying books, as every thing else, we are liable to
disappointment if we make a purchase without seem'^
the article. Admittuig that the bookseller could read all
the books he offers, as he has them for sale it were hardly
to he expected he would be the one to mention all the
faults, as well as good things about a book. I very much
desire that those who favor me with their patronage, shall
not be disappointed, and therefore, I am going to try to
j)revent it by mentioning all the faults so far as I cm,
that the purchaser may know what ho is getting. In the
following list, books that I approve I have marked with a
*, those I especially approve * * ; those that are not up
to times t; hooks that contain but httle matter for the
price, large type and much space between the lines J ;
foreign §.

BOOKS E3PECIA1LT FOR BEE-KEEPRES.

Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee**t 82 00

Quinby's Mysteries of Bee- keeping**! 1 50

Bee-keeper's Text Book*t muslin 75

" "• '• '* *t paper 40

A Manual of Bee-keeping, by John Hunter*§ 1 25

Manual of the Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook**.

Dzierzon Theory **

How I Made ?S50 a Year with my Bees*r§...

How to make Candy**

Art of Saw-flling*t

Lumberman's Hand Book***.

30
20
25
50
75
15
FuU'er'^s Grape Culturist** 1 50

MISCELLANEOUS HAND BOOKS.

Ten Acres Enough** 1 25

Five Acres too Much** 1 50

Tim Bunker Papers* 1 50

An E,'g Farm, Stoddard** 50

Window Gardening 1 50

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor* 25

How to Use the Microscope 75

Play and Profit in my Garden* 1 50

'*Our Digestion." by Dio Lewis** 2 00

Onion Culture* 20

Potatoe Pests, by Prof. Riley ** 50

Practical Floriculture* 1 50

Garduiing for Prolit** 1 50

Strawberry Culturist, Fuller* 20

Small Fruit Culturist, Fuller* 1 50

Forest Tree Culturist, Fuller* 1 50

How to Build Hot-Houses. Leuchar§ 1 50

Draining for Profit and Health, Warring 1 50

What I know of Fnrming, Horace Greely.._. 1 50

Injurious Insects, Prof. A. J. Cook*** '. 10

Scroll sawing, Sorrento and Inlaid work *t 1 50

Moody's Best Thoughts and Discnurses *** 75

Moody and Sankey's Gospel Hymns, words only. . . . 0(5

" " " words and music, paper 30

" " " " " boards 35

Murphy Temperance Pledges, per 100 cards 40

One doz. above, as samples 07

BOOKS THAT I HAVE NEVER EXAMINED, BUT THAT ARE
IN GOOD REPUTE.

Broom Corn and Brooms paper 50 cloth 75

Cider Maker's Manual, Buist 1 50

American Pomology, Warder

Canary Birds paper 50 cloth

Farmer's Bam Book

Pear Culture, Fields

American Bird Fancier

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Bement's Rabbit Fancier

Bommer's Method of Making Manures

Bum's Architectural Drawing Book

Burr's Vegetables of America •

Cooked and Cooking Food for Domestic Animals...

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets

Dana's Muck Manual

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. .

Gun, Rod, and Saddle

Harris on the Pig

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One

How to Use the Pistol

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy

Johnson's How Crops Feed

Johnson's How Crops Grow

Klipparts Wheat Plant

Leavitt's Facts About Peat

Mrs. Cornelius's Young Housekeeper's Friend

Plummer's Carpenters an d Builder's Guide

Skillful Housevrife '

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas....

Cranberry Culture, White

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard

Farming by Inches, Barnard

Gardening for Money "

My Ten Rod Farm "

Strawberry Garden "

Carpentry Made Easy, Bell

Fur, Fin, and Feather

Fish Culture. Garlick

How Plants Grow, Gray

Manual of Botany and 'Lessons, Gray

School and Field Book of Botany, Gray

New Cook Book, Mrs. Hale

My Farm of Edgewood

American Angler, Norris

Rhododendrons, Rand

Landscape Gardening, Downing

Guenon on Milch Cows

Sorgho, or the Northern Sugar Plant, Hedges

My Vineyard at Lakeview

Shooting on the Wing

American Wheat Culturist, Todd

Cotton Planters' Manual. Turner

Practical Butter Book, Willard

Youatt on the Hog

Youatt on Sheep

Garden Vegetablos, Burr

Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, Downing

Complete Works on Chemistry, Leibig

Gardening for Ladies, Loudon

Riley on the Mule

Fla^i Culture (seven prize essays by practical growers)

Peach Culture, Fulton's

How To Paint, Gnitlner

Gregory On Cabbages patier

Gregory On Squashes paper

Gregory On Onions .... paper

Injects Injurious To Vegetation Plain, 14 00..

With coloied plates, SB 50

Gardening For Pleasure, Henderson

Hop Culture

Jenny June's Cook Book

Cotton Culture, Lyman

Manual Of Flax Culture and Manufacture

Parsons On The Rose

Potatoe Culture, (prize essay) paper

Money In The (4arden, Quinn

Pear Culture For Profit, Quinti

Manual On The Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P. Roe

Farm Iinplcnu'iits And Machinery, Thomas

Eartli Clusets, How To Make Them, Warring

Gardening Kor The South

Cranberry (^ullure

Practical' Poultry Keeper, Wright

Peat \m\ Its ITses

Hodires And K vcrgreens. Warder

Book On Birds, IIoMen

Sorghum And Its Products

Taxidermist's Manual

Practical Trout Culture

Farming For Boys

Silk Grower's Guide

Painter, (Tuilder and Varnisher

Mushroom Culture

The Farmer's Receipt Book

The Model Potatoe

Apple Culturist, Todd

Youman's Household Science

3 00

75

1 50

1 25

30

1 75

30

25

1 00

3 00

20

3 00

1 25

5 00

1 00

1 50

1 25

50

1 25

2 00

2 00
1 75
1 75
1 50
1 00

75

3 75
1 25

38
38

1 50
38
38

5 00
50

1 50

1 25
3 00

2 50
2 00
1 25

5 50
1 50

6 50
75

1 50
I 25
75
1 50
1 50
1 00
1 00

1 00

2 50
5 00
2 00
2 00
1 50

30
1 50
1 00
30
30
30

1 50

30
1 50
1 50

25
1 50

25
1 50
1 00

50
1 50

1 00

2 00

1 25

2 00
1 25
1 50

25
1 50
1 O'l
1 50
1 50
1 25
1 50

3 00
.51»
50

1 50
1 75

i>E:voTE:r> to bei:h AiNr> honey, aivo mom:e interests

Voir V. ^

SEPTEMBER 1, 1877.

No. 9

Published Montbly. CTERIVS: $1.00 Per Annum in Ad-

A. I. ROOT, ^

Publisher and Proprietor, > , _ __^ _,„.

Medina, O. ) XlSsta.'blisIied. in 1873. (,10 or more, 60c. each

■] yance; 3 Copies for $2.50; 6 Vbr «3.76;
*" - "" . Single Number lOc.

CALIFORNIA.

BLASTED HOPES.

^5»0UR columns lor July show a lamentable scarci-

W ty of news in your "Blasted Hopes" depart-

^ski inent. If you were only over here in sunny

California, we would let you publish little else this

year.

Our honey gathering season usually begins in mid-
winter and "continues until about this date. This year
nearly all the flowers (ailed to secrete honey, and the
consequence is wid.:;-s))read disaster. An unprece-
dented drouth, followed by cold nights all the si)ring,
and an almost total absence of fogs and dews, has
left our bees in a starving condition. It may be it is
the "blasted country" anyway that causes all this
trouble, but it is certain that at least one-fourth of all
the old stocks in the whole region of Southern Cali-
fornia are either starved entirely out, or are so re-
duced as to be perfectly worthless. Nearly all will
have to feed to carry their bees through until thirty
days after our nest winter's rain ;- which may come
in November, or not until the middle of January, or
not at all.

This feeding is a great question now, and the major-
ity of apiarists want to know what is the best food.
A few will teed honey, if it; can be bought, but the
majority will use sugar, and all who use sugar want
to know the best way to prepare it, and the qualiiy.
If low grades cannot be used, give the reason, for this
whole feeding business is something new to this coun-
try.

It is certain that your side of the "Hills" will have
the monopoly of the luarket this year, and we hope
vou will get a large crop and reap some benefit from
it. We not only will not ship any East, but we have
none to eat; which, you mast know. Works a great
hardship with people v;ho are accustomed to eating it
Uailv as a stable article ot food. G. F. Merkiam.
San Luis Key, Cal., July IS, 1877.

^ ■•■ •■

ROY REE-KEEPERS,

AND WHAT TO DO WITH BEES THAT WILL '-HANG
OUT."

fi AM in partnership with a brother. We are both
very young to be called bee-keepers, he being 18
•mi years ot age, and I only 16. We started with 41
stands of bees. Well, as we were not able to divide
our bees we had to let them swarm. From 41 stands
40 svarms came out, of which we were able to save
but. :51.

There is one question I wish to ask you, and I hope
you will answer me. How can you make bees work
when they keep clustering out on the front and sides
of the hivel? We have some stocks so strong that they
can hardly get into the hive, and they ilo not work as
well as some that are not half as strong. Now if you
can explain to me why tills is, I wish you would do
so.

We have increased our bees from 7'2 swarms lo S8,
by (livi'llng some of our hives in which the queens
were very fertile. What do you me;in by foul bror.d y
1 know we have three hivo-; that make the ugliest
looking broocl I ever savv, but I cannot tell whether
it is foul brood or not, as 1 do not know it when I sec
it.

All our bees are black ; and during a good season

they will average about 150 lbs. of extracf^d honey to
the hive. ij. c. LeBlancs.

Allen P-O., West Baton Rouge, La., July 16, 1877.

The problem of getting bees that are dis-
posed to hang idly on the outside of the hive,
to go to work, is a very important one; and
one in which I fear even the most experienced
veterans often fail. It is true, we can divide
them, until they are too weak to hang out, but
by this means we lose the large crops of sur-
plus honey that very strong colonies usually
furnish, when they can be prevented from
swarming. Cases have been reported in which
they have been brushed off, put into the
boxes and made to go to work, and our neigh-
bor Blakeslee, says he makes them go inside
and go to work, by driving them into the hive
with a Quinby smoker. We have made some
experiments of this kind, and are pretty well
satistied that if loafing bees are shown that
they have room in the hive on empty combs
or fdn., they will many times go right to work.
One great objection we have to a portico, is
that it offers too great an inducement to bees
to cluster outside, instead of on the combs.

Of course we cannot expect bees to go to
the fields when there is no honey .to gather,
and if the weather is very warm at such a
time, they will be pretty sure to hang out of
the hives. The only thing to do in such a
case, is to feed them, or to divide and feed
them as mentioned before, and your only ob-
ject in so doing will be to raise queens or bees
for sale.

An extra upper story, with empty combs,
will almost set idle bees at work, when any
honey is to be found in the fields; and the fdn.
is almost if not quite equal to the empty
comb.

If foul brood were nothing more than "vf/li/
looking b/'ood,'^ we might go on our way rejoic-
ing. Go ou, my young friends, you seem to be
on the right track; if you continue as willing
to work and learn, you will overcome all difii-
culties in due time.

STRETCnilNG OR SAGGING OF THE
f I).\., OVEIfiS XOC'KING, CHAFF, ETC.

NOTHER honey harvest has closed with but a
liplu yield of honey. My surplus, of about
-^~': 4,(100 lbs., was nearly all stored from basswood
in about 10 days' lime. Biit I started to write about
comb fdn. machines. I tried the fdn. last year, and
was not satisfied with the experiments 1 then made.
Have been more sui't'essful this year; I like it very
much for brood chamber, and sliall succeed in getting

A.

232

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

with it many new swarms In condition for wintering,
that I otherwise could not. I have been using the
I'lln. in Irames, and find the queens lay in it very read-
ily. In one instance, I loiind the queen had laid a
considerable number or eggs on a Idn. comb intro-
duced into ihe hive 12 hours previously; and 1 had
another case in whlcli the queen commenced laying
on a foundation comb in preterence to a natural comb,
new and nice, by its side. And such sheets of brood
— I wish you could see Ihem ! But you have doubtless
seen just such in your owa apiary.

Only in one particular can I find fault with them, for
brood. They will sag and stretch in a way that 1 do
not like ; and a comb 8 inches deep will oiien, if hon-
ey is plenty, stretch so as to measure nine inches or
more. At other times they will stretch Jrom % to >^
inch, or m re. The cells that are stntchcd out of
shape are nearly all in the i;pper third of the comb,
and the brood, so lar, has been put in below ard hon-
ey stored in these [cells. Hovf tljey will answer for
brood 1 cannot yet tell. 1 have seen combs that were
all built by the bees, sag or stretch in places, near
their upper edge, just as nuich I think, and I have
seen the bees raise drones in iheni also. But natural
comb does not usually sag fis much as Ibe idu.

Now can not a 9-inch macliine be constructed so
that the sheets ot Idu. coiuirg from it will have the
cells on one s-ide (the fide il at is to be placed at the
top of the irame) a little (lattened ? Enough so that
when it stretclies they will all be of a size? There
could be at least a gain of two rows of cells, or more,
and besides we should then have no fear of drones
being reared in them, and they would be perfect, or
sufliclently so lor all practical purposes. Perhaps
you think they are now, and wiih more experience 1
may think so, but I cannot help thinking it would be
a decided improvement. What say you i

How maay stands will overstock a section ? Last
year I had over 130 colonic.^, and a hive that I placed
on scales gained nearly 9 lbs. ))er day for three weeks
during clover bloom, while tliis year the same stock in
an apiary of over 17(' lilves, gained during basswood
bloom from 10 to 14 lbs. on certain dajs. The best
day it gave 14 lbs.

J am glad you are taking so kindly these days, to
chafi. 1 feel sure yeu will never go back on it. 1 have
used it for the past 5 or 6 winters with the best suc-
cess, although 1 have sometimes used sawdust, shav-
■ Ings or dry leaves instead. Last winter I leJt 125 col-
onies on their summer stands, thus packed, and all
came through in good shape. One or two had lost
bees so as to injure Ihem somewhat, but all were
alive, nor did they dwindle out during the spring.

J. E. Ckane, Brldport, Vt., July 27, 1877.
To be sure we have seen the sheets of brood
you speak of, not only in our apiary, but in
those of our neighbors all round us, and the
ease and cheapness with which a comb of
nice brood can be produced, even when no
honey is coming in, is in our opinion, at the
present time, not half realized or appreciated.
After one set of brood has been hatched, the
combs are tough, strong, and contain more
young bees by far, than any square foot of
natural comb we ever used. As they will
build out the fdn. and till it with brood when
no honey is coming in at all, we can rear bees
with a facility never before known ; and of all
the pleasures of working in the apiary, I know
none equal to raising bees and queens with
the aid of the fdn., and the Simplicity hives as
we have made them this season. When the
weather gets cool, we can lift the combs
and bees into chaft' hives and with their aid,
we may be able to raise queens into October.

About the sagging or stretching : very much
depends on the kind of wax used. If we use
wax that is hard and firm, even in warm
weather there will be very iittle of it, and the
darkest colored wax frequently stretches the
least. We have had what we have reason to
think was pure bees-wax brought us that was
so soft that the finger could be pushed
into a cake, during warm weather. By care-
fully throwing out all that is soft, we can get
fdn. that sags so sliglitly as to be practically

perfect, at least for the L. frame, and this is
another good reason for discarding deep
frames. Put the sheets, such as we make now,
into the L. frames as we direct, and there is
practically no sagging, as hundreds can testi-
fy. It should be remembered that this work
has, like other new inventions, been a sort of
groping in the dark, and scarcely a month has
passed in which we have not made some im-
provement. There would be no difticulty at
all, in making rolls, that would produce small-
er cells at the upper edge, but we think it en-
tirely unnecessary. At first we thought all
fdn. must, be built out between old combs, and
that it would only be used by the bees while
they were gathering honey; but now we rejoice
in being able to use the fdn. precisely as we
would new empty comb. We get perfect
worker brood and no other, through the en-
tire hive.

I have never been able to discover that 100
stocks in one place, did any less per colony,
than a smaller number, but it is quite likely
that in poor localities, it might make a difler-
ence. There seems now, scarcely a dissenting
voice, in regard to chaft'.

IN THE "BIG WOODS" OF OTINNESOTA.

BY A WOMAN.

E are in this region liaving a poor harvest for
bees, for several reasons. TLe basswood

^^ which ilie woin.s lelt, was £0 badly scorched
by die hot sun duiiiig our drouth, that there was not
half a crop in many places. Our summer has been
unusually warm siLce the Hist of July, and relieved
by one light show er only. Early in the season, there
was a nice flow of honey Irom what is here called
".'quaw cabbage" or "wild lettuce." which grows in
abundance among the timber in this state. The hon-
ey I thought as white, and peihaps as pleasant fla-
vored as that gaiherid from linden. We wish to ask
if tlie snowberry, whicli is plentiful in this state,
growing wild, lurniehes much honey ; and if the hon-
ey is of good quality. 1 have thus far failed to dis-
cover much sweet about it, although I was taught to
believe it was valuable lor bees.

1 have never known the molli to be as trouble-
some as during the present season, yet we have no
weak swarms. The very strongest swarms have suf-
fered quite as much as any. it is quite a m) stery to
me. as i have always heard it said, and seen it stated
in Bee Journals, that moths would not trouble strong
swarms. Have only black bees, and there are but
few chickens around to hunt the millers which wait
until half an hour alter the sun is down, and then
v\ith a swiftness and dexterity astonishing to see,
they fly in the hive, in epite of myselt and ilie bees,
whicli latter are constantly watching for them irom
soon after sundown till I leave tnem. In lormer
years, the bees were not troubled with moths alter
the flrst part of July. 1 still And that tapping on the
Irames, will cause the moth to leave, and it is then
easy for one to assist them in leaving. Tliis was dis-
covered some Ave years since by two apiarians who
were tacking light strips on seme irames with brood
in them.

1 am highly pleased with Gleanings, and am sure
that I get many new and good ideas from every num-
ber, much of which 1 read over several times.

My bees have the body of each hive very nearly full
of honey and brood but do little in the boxes as yet.
Have made two swarms from three which I had In
the spring. 1 always divide mine as I see so many
lote their natural swarms. Could extract honey now,
but feel alraid to do it when there is so little prospect
ot late honey. It is generally thought that the great
(nearly half) loss of bees in this (Wright) Co., last
winter was from extracting too closely and having
but little fall honey, in some cases persons extracted
Irom boxes only, concluding (without looking to see,)
tliat, of course, their Dees had plenty of honey in the
main body of one story hives ; but afterwards finding
that the bees carried the honey irom below, as fast as
the frames above were made emi)ty. A. M.

August 4th, 1877.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

233

TIave never before heard of the snowberry
for honey. We think the Italians will prove
themselves equal to anything in the line of
moths. If moths trouble your strong colo-
nies they are certainly different from the com-
mon, moth. Allow enough honey to remain
for winter, by all means; but we seldom find
a colony that has worked in the upper story,
without enough below.

DEEP x^n s'HAri.ow fihaiTies awd

SO.nKTmiVG ABOUT THK TRANS-
POSITION or QUKKN IiARV^.

lilTH the flies, and Lumberman's book you sent
me, I can just make my Barnes' Saw "get up

and dusi.'' I filed out one-half the teeth of

bofh my savs, the rip and cut off, and made a rip out
of the cut off saw to >, and I can saw both faster and
easier with them ; did yon pver try the experiment ?
if so, how did they cut ? The hives I have heretofore
used exclusively, were on the Adair plan, with frame
10 Inches deert and 12 wide in,-iido measurement. It
did well, and I could jjet more surplus honey than any
bee-keeper in this part of the country, although there
are many j?ot>d ones here. I then made 8 or 10 hives,
only 8 inches deep, and same width as the others.
Thevdid better; I averaged over It) per cent more
per colony than from the others. I thsn tried the 8
inch hive with caps of same depth as the main hive,
and run them for honey at both top and sides; they
did just as well, but I can not say they did better. I
soon learned that with a cap (upper story) I could use
a hive of onlv one- half the length I had been using,
viz., 4 feet, which is not an inch too long for an exclu-
sive side storer. I am now trying them only (i inches
deep; they did well last year, but I could not give
them as fair a tost as I would like to have done. I
was so well satisfied with them that I had intended to
make th^m all ocly 6 inches deep. My reason lor ma-
king them so is, on account of the surplus honey.
Honey cases should not be over 6 inches deep, and 5
would be better. I don't want a hive in which I can't
set my empty sections at the side, and then let them
fill them out in the upper story, which I want just the
same size as the lower. But since you have told us
liow to make those "wee bit o'" sections so easily and
cheaplv, I am maiiiag a few in my 8 inch frames, and
if they are not toj small for the bees to build and
store "rapldlv in, I may make all my new hives 8 inch
instead of 6. I suppose you think a frame 0.^12 or
8x1-2 inside is entirely too small, but I have tried long-
er ones several times, and tlie short frame In this
countrv has given the best satisfaction every time.

I notice on page 48, Vol. IV of Gleanings, that Mr.
L irch gives hii process of "grafting queen cells,"
which he thought was something "'new." I have
))racticed that process at differonc times lor 16 years,
in July, (thnk it was July) 18i)l, I got an Italian
•jiieen i'rom Mr. Lxngstroth, which I think was the
first Italian queen west of the Mississippi river. I
<-.'>mmenceil immediately to raise queens from her,
b It the old fogies socn raised a howl, "It can't be did.
You must have a queen egg for a queen, a drone egg
lor a drone, and a worker egg for a worker." Deter-
mined not, t-> be ballled in that style I set my wits to
Work; Inafiv days I got the grafting idea in my
head; I told my brother about it, and he thought It
would woiu. Wt! unqueened a colony of blacks
which started 6 queen cells. We then with a green
ai»ple twig, cut do.vn like a tooth pick, having a
curved end, lifted out the black royal larvie. took
small larvai from the centre of a cjmb where Italian
worcers were coming out, inserted them In the roval
cradle, and bahold out came 5 nicrs large yellow
•jneens. Oh but what a joke that was on the old fo-
gies, about tiieir queen eggs. It ju3t "dried 'cm
clean np."

No .V this occurred near South English, Iowa, at
my brother Samuel Flory's, with whom 1 was then
living. In the summer of IStJl. I have kept bees in the
movable frame over 20 years. I was perhaps about 10
years old at that time. It was ray pet hobby then,
and is still.

On page 7.5, present Vol., instead of 3300 lbs. from 28
old colonies and 30 swarms, it should re id 53 >0. Only
a mistake of a ton. J. F, Florv.

Modesto, Cal., June 2fJth, 1877.

We are very well aware that a saw with
coarse teeth will cut Lister, but it does not do
as smooth work. For hive work, wc prefer '

the fine teeth, even at the expense of working
more slowly. We are well aware of the ad-
vantages of the shallow frame, but when all
things are taken into consideration, is not the
L. frame just about right?

So it seems there were several discoverers of
the (act that larvic could be substituted in
queen cells. If we only made a mistake of a
ton in your honey report, we certainly did well.

^^ — ^^m.

BEES T5IAT ^VON'T OFT OUT OF THE
BOXES, &.C.

^E can select stocks with almost any pe-
culiarity, good or bad, in a large apia-
ry. Listen :

I have about 70 hives, part Italian and a part hy-
brid. Among them is one particularly cross colony
of rather light colored hyi^rids; I can "hardly do any-
thing with it. Yesterday evening 1 took finished liox-
es from several hives and laid them near the en-
trances o( the hives to which they belonged. In an
hour or so the bees had all leit the boxes except
those belon:?ing to the ahove mentioned hive, and I
took them in. The bees belonging to that hive were
running angrily all over the boxes which belonged to
them, when I went out at 11 o'clock, and I got up at
4 o'clock in the morning and lound them at the same
amusement. At b )th these times the oees in the hive
were quite excited and at the slightest noise would
rush angrily out of it. I finally threw a sheet over
the hive and took the boxes, bees and all. Into the bee
house, where in a few hours tbev collected on the
windows. I shuuld have stated that it was a very
cool night. Would you advise hunting up the queen
and replacing bar with an Italian ?

[ think the sealing of the comb honey stored by the
dark bees is whiter than that stored by Ita.ians; nev-
ertheless I am Italianizing my apiary, as I like to
han<lle the Italians much better. I think also that
my hybrids work rather better than Italians, but ani
far from certain on that point.

I find that fdn. must be used cautiously In extreme
hot weather, as the weight ot the bees clustering on
it before the cells were built out tore it In two on sev-
eral occasions last month. By putting one frame of
fdn. between two of comb, I have done better. I have
noticed that whenever I have cut comb which was
built on tdn. I could see the yellow core and apparent-
ly thPi bees had not thinned it out very much. How-
ever I could not get along without it, as we can get
beautilullv strai^rht combs and all worker cells, and I
have repeatedly seen eggs In it belore it was half
built out.

I think I will go in for sections another season.
Extracted honev is low and I don't like honey In
small boxes as the yellow bees don't seem to like
them. Don't your bees ever fasten the combs to the
tin separators i'' Do you leave any holes in the sepa-
ra.tor8 for the bees to pass across from one frame to
another X

Honey has been good this season. From 23 hives I
have novv two barrels ol extracted honey, about 150
two lb. boxes, and my bees number 70 stocks.

John Dicicinson.

Milwaukee, Wis., Aug. 3d, 1877.

We have discovered that there are excep-
tional stocks that will not leave their honey,
even if left out over night. We, in such cases,
do much as you did, carry the honey into the
hoaey house and place it before a door with a
window in it; as fast as they collect on the
windows in considerable numbers, we open
the door and let them out. Very soon every
bee is off', without much trouble. I would
hardly think of replacing a queen for such a
fault, if the bees were otherwise satisfactory.

Our bees do not attach any comb to the sep-
arators with the small thick section boxes we
use. In attempting to use natural comb for
starters, we have had some such trouble, but
none with the fdn. starters. As the bees pass
both uader and over every separator, there is
certainly no occasion for holes in them.

234

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

111NTERING NUCLEI, AND HOW IT
TURNED OUT.

ALSO SOMETHING ABOUT QUEENS GOING "A VISITING."

f PROMISED to report how my experiment in
wintering my nucleus queen succeeded. (See page
, 62 ) Well, the cause ot this late report is that I

moved myself, bees and all, from Cleveland to Tusca-
rawas county, Ohio, in April, wliich gave me plenty
to do. Then on the 26th of July my planing mill and
lumber yard here were destroyed by Are, which
cleaned me out. No, I have my pets yet, but they are
rather reduced this spring. Well, I brought the nu-
cleus through with some tussing until about the mid-
dle of April, when I put them out to have a fly, and a
good one they had, too, and are flying yet for aught I
know. I saw the queen all rjglit on the comb in the
morning, and when I came home to dinner I noticed
quite a qunntity of bees flying in the air in the yard,
but thought nothing of it. After dinner I examined
tlie hive and saw "nary bee." They had left for parts
unknown. They stopped raising brood in Feb.; had
a slight touch of dysentery, and dwindled considera-
bly by the time I put them out. I had supplied them
with honey, ot which t.hey liad some, but not a large
quantity, when they left. My 13 oilier colonies came
through very well until I moved them. One of them
I think had not quite enough ventilation, and about
one-half died, and they have all dwindled fully one-
half this spring.

Now 1 have a nut for you old bee-keepers to crack.
I be'ieve you all claim that a queen never leaves the
hive after fertilization, unless to swarm, but here are
some facts: about a week or ten days alter they were
moved, I looked for, and saw every queen in her prop-
er place, and a few days later I clipped one wing of
the queen in tlie middle hive, as they were standing
in a row 8 feet apart; then went to an outside one
but found instead of a queen, about a lialf dozen sick-
ly looking queen cells. No eggs nor brood; all had
hatched except a few of the outside scattering ones,
and they were all capped over, so I concluded they
were queenless. About 10 days, or perhaps more, af
ter this, I brought home a queen that I bought of
"Wardle Bro's, of Uhrichsville, to give them, and on
examining tlieir combs found them well filled wiih
eggs and larva'; the largest about as large as a grain
oj plump wheat; '■'(hat (jot me:'' Had the old queen
been resting, visiting, or what? This is her third
laying season. Well, what should I do with my new
queen? I had bought and paid for her, and my bees
■were rather light to divide, but as 1 wanted to in-
crease, I divided them. I tcok a look at the middle
hive again (the queen v/ith the clipped ving) and be-
hold I a dozen large capped queen cells, and one
young queen just hatched. So I cut away all the cells
and let her remain, and she has now been laying ?>
days. On going back to the other hive, I found the
queen with the clipped wing there, apparently at
home. Now she had left her own hive, crawled 0 or 8
feet and gone into another, and they had accepted
her. There had been no changing ot combs, nor any-
thing by which I could have changed her unknow-
ingly, nor could she have come out with a swarm, and
gone back into the wrorg hive; they had no occasion
to swarm for it was too early, and besides they were
rather weak. There was no't more than one quart of
bees, and combs were quite eirpty, yet contained
enough for their present wants. Who can explain ?

A. A. Fradenbukg, Port Washington, June 8, '77.

What we said about absconding in our A B
C, will I tliink explain it all. TIad your nu-
cleus been kept in the warm cellar, with an
abundance of food, I do not think they would
have ceased brood rearing, nor have swarmed
out. When colonies get down to a quart, and
get dysentery or dwindling, they are pretty
sure to swarm out; and they do this and come
back to their hive much oftener, I imagine,
than we know of. My explanation is that
your bees swarmed out; for when this mis-
chief is once started, all the colonies near are
pretty sure to hear the swarming note and
Start, especially if everything at home is not
agreeable to their feelings. You looked the
hives all over, and they probably swarmed out
as soon as you left, for I have noticed that dis-
turbing hives at such a time, is very apt to in-
duce such catastrophes. One spring when we

started to brush out all the hives, we desisted
wbeji about half through, because we thought
it made the weak ones swarm out.

Let ABC

represent, the position of the three hives. All
had queens about the first of May. About
May iOth, the queen in B was clipped, and C
was found queenless ; from the age of the
brood, we judge she must have swarmed out
just after examination, May 1st ; she may have
dropped off the frame after having been
clipped, or she may have simply been replaced,
being in her third season. Immediately after
the hive C was closed, a queen must have
hatched, which commenced laying about the
20th. The purchased queen must have been
brought about the 26th, we judge from the size
of the larva;. B was now opened, and a young
queen had just hatched, so the clipped queen
must have swarmed out about the 15th, and
hopped over to A, where there was a pitched
battle, the stranger proving^ victor. The bees,
after having lost their queen, returned home,
as they always do il their queen has clipped
wings.

When some one shall see a fertile queen "out
doors," without a swarm attending her, we
may have to admit that such things do hap-
pen, but meanwhile had we not better take
some such explanation as the above ?

^ •♦♦ m

CROSS REES.

J4/^HY are some bees so cross, while others are good
natured ? I have some that will allow me to put
my hand in the clustrer when they are outside, or
to lift the board ufl the frames, paying no attention to it,
more than to crawl on my hands or face, and I have oth-
ers that won't let me look toward the hive, if they can
help it. They are all hybrids ; it is impossible to keep
them pure here.

I notice one of my best natured stocks has not swarmed
at all ; it is now three years old, has a very prolific queen,
and they raise a pile of bees— and produce a pile of honey.
Now the question is, is there any way to make the "ugly"
ones a little more "sociable?" If 1 were to raise queens
from the good natured ones, and give them to the cross
ones, do you think it would affect them anyV I am in-
clined to think it would. A. N. Gkiswold.

Naugatuck, Conn., June 27, 1877.

To be sure you can make your bees gentle,
by rearing queens from those only that have
that desirable quality. Let your crossest hy-
brids rear a lot of queens, and see how the
children and grand-children will act. There is
a very great difference indeed, in the behavior
of bees, and it is not always the 3 banded bees
that are the gentlest. We have one colony of
quite dark hybrids, that are beautiful bees to
handle; no smoke is needed at any season, if
we use proper care, and do not pinch or crush
them. Very likely their being so gentle is
much owing to their being handled- so often,
for I have known bees that were remarkably
good, made so vindictive by some accident
that injured a number of them, that they did
not get over it for a long time. I have also
succeeded tolerably well in making very cross
bees gentle, by careful handling. It is a little
significant, that all the colonies we are in the
liabit of handling often, are always gentle. I
have at times thought that the cross bees were
the best honey gatherers, but so many excep-
tions have been noticed that I am inclined to
think it is just as it happens. You can make
your stocks gentle by selection, as well as
you can make a flock of black ducks white.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

235

OUR FRIE'VnS IN THE SOUTH, AND
SOillETHING ABOUT HONEY.

^ SEE yon have but few communications from the
m South and have concUi<le<l to pen you a few lines.
i3| My apiary is situated at Fort Hawkins, the (ceo-
graphical center of this State. I cannot get the yields
read of in the Western States. There are two advan-
tages we have— warm winters, and no foul brood. In
winter I let them remain on their summer stands, and
I have never known ot a single case of foul brood in
this section. The box gums are often destroyed by
the moth worm, but with the movable frame hives
and proper attention no loss occurs. This has been
one of the best honey seasons I hive known, and for
a honey yield the dry weather has been uncommonly
lavorable. Have had honey dew In abundance. The
upper surface of the leaves of the poplar, white oak,
and many other trees was covered with a glutinous
and very sweet exudation, for a longer time than
usual, and the bees are collected amongst them In
great numbers from morning till night. I have been
able to extract sealed honey twice this season, and it
is ready for extracting the third time, when hereto-
fore once was as much as I dared to do for fear of im-
poverishing the colonies— for wintering. The yield
has been about 50 lbs. to a hive at two extractlngs,
and one hive yielded 205 lbs.

The demand for honey l» small, and the prices at
the low figures of 1'2X to 15c for extracted, and 15 to 20
for virgin comb. The valuation of hives and colonies
is also very low— 5 to 6 dollars for L. 2-story hives,
and sales very few at even these low prices.

There are better localities than mine to be found
near the extensive river forests ot the Ocmulgee,
■which might equal the West in honey yields. Very
few in this county use the movable comb frames. A
neighbor and myself were the first to Italianize In
this section. Many swarms have escaped from us,
and In the surrounding counties are occasionally
found hvbrlds. J. A. Nelson.

Fort Hawkins, Macon P-O., Ga., July 25, 1877.

FDN. MACHINES, STARCH VERSUS SLIP-
PERY EliM, ALBINOS, ETC.

Sf^E have had only one complaint in re-
gard to the working of the fdn. ma-
chines, and this came about by our for-
getting to state that the sheets should always
be dipped lengthwise, i. e., that the dipping
boilers should be tall and deep, rather than
long and shallow. In dipping, the lower edge
of the sheet is always thickest, but this does
no harm, providing it is put through the rolls
so that both edges are of a thickness, and not
so that one edge is thick and the other thin.
After our friend got over this difficulty, he
seems to have struck on some very valuable
points, as follows :

I have discovered a substitute for slippery elm. I
prepare starch with boiling water, preclselj' as the
women prepare it to starch clothes, and use it exact-
ly as you direct the elm to be used. It has many ad-
vantages over the elm. Everybodv has it, and it
takes but a moment to prepare it. It is every way
nicer to handle than the elm. It adheres to the rolls
much better, and never permits the wax to stick to
them. Try it, friend Root, and I think you will never
go back to your fussy, slimy elm.

We have made another discovery. My frames are
exactly ten by fifteen Inches inslae. Now to fill a
frame with fan. from our little five-Inch machine, I
take three sheets nine Inches long and suspend them
Iroifi the top bar by one end, allowingthe edges to
overlap about one-eighth of an inch. Where the lap
occurs the bees fasten them together, and in two or
three days no man can tell that the beautiful sheet
before him was ever in three pieces. So well am I
satisfied with this that I would not give five dollars
more for a larger machine. I find It necessary to have
the fdn. at least one Inch from the bottom bar when
first put In, and a half Inch from the sides.

Your mention of Albino queens, reminds me of one
colony of bees I have now. The queen I raised this
year from one I procured last year from Oatman.
There is nothing peculiar about the (lueen that I can
see, but there are workers from her with three difl'er-
ent markings. There are perhaps two-thirds of them
that look like other Italians, while most of the other

third have the usual yellow just behind the wings,
but the bdnds are distinctly white, as is also the usual
Viuff patch on each side the jaws. There are then a
few bees in number that have not one particle of yel-
low on them. The abdomen, when seen just right In
the sun, is an almost steel blue with narrow white
bands. How will you account for this?

it Is ridiculously amusing at this laie day to see ad-
verse reports on the use of comb fdn. I would not
take natural comb as a gift, to use as such.

By the way, I would like to see in Gleanings a
comnletc history of the invention of artificial combs.
We know all about the invention of movable frames,
extractors, Ac. but I have never seen in print the his-
tory of the more important invention of artificial
combs. A. W. Foreman, M. D.

White Hall, 111., August 12, 1877.

As sure as you are alive, starch answers the
purpose beautifully ; friend F. we owe you a
big vote of thanks, if nothing more. Since the
Albino subject has come up, we too, have no-
ticed curious marking among the bees of dift'er-
ent colonies. Very likely we shall soon have
bees of as many colors as verbenas and pan-
sies, if those who are curious will follow up
the hints dame nature is throwing out to us.
Wagner's experiments with fdn., will be found
on page 143, Vol. IV. An account of Mehr-
ing's experiments in 1859, will be found in the
B. K. jlf.,.page 145, Vol. IV.

WHAT WAS THE MATTER, LOAFING
BEES, &€.

MiOW Sir, the first thing I want to know this morn-
ing is- what Is the matter with one colony in an
, ^ L. hive ? Yesterday I was showing several of

my neighbors how nicely I was fixing them and they
were all working well and peaceably. This morning
I went out early and found the grass thick with bees
crawling away, and immediately under the portico
there was at least a quart of dead and half dead ones,
and still the killing and dragging out going on ; but
for all this, a great many workers were going In
heavily laden. All the other hives were alEO carry-
ing in heavy loads.

I have another stand on the old long box plan. I
put a new swarm In It this spring; they soon filled It
and two honey boxes on top, and then began to lie
out and have continued to do so In such vast numbers
as to cover the hive entirely, and this has been the
case for two months. About two weeks ago I took
the two honey boxes full from them and put a large
cap on top thinking this would give them more room ;
they have gone to work in it, but they still continue
to ll8 out as much as ever.

Now, besides this one, I have several hives from
which the bees have been lying out for two weeks.
Some in Langstroth and some in box hives and they
have not begun to work in the boxes on top at all.
They won't swarm, and they won't go to work, al-
though the bees from the inside are at work as finely
as any I ever saw. I think It can't be for the want of
room that they hang out, because they have two to
three honey boxes on top to fill, and they have not
worked any In them on either the Langstroth or the
box hives. I want you to tell me what is the matter
and what to do. Jas. B. Wilder.

Taylor's Station, Ky., August 3d, 1877.
The matter is that some other swarm came
out and tried to make its way into the hive.
The clustering out business is sometimes rath-
er hard to cure ; but if you give them section
boxes or frames, furnished with fdn., you will
almost always, get them to go inside and go
to work. If they will not, just carry the hive
away, give them a comb of brood and a young
queen on the old stand, and they will get over
their "aristocratic" ideas and go to work in
short metre. Where you have bees enough
and want honey, this is not just what is to be
desired, but it will start them to the fields,
every time. Keep your hives in the shade,
give them room and fdn., and you will seldom
need to move the hive.

23(y

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

GlEA«mG$ m BEE CULTURE.

Publislied IVIontlily,

-A.- I^ E.OOT-

EDITOR ASTD PROPRIETOR

ED IN A, OHIO.

Terms : «1.00 Per Annxuii.

[Including Postage.]
For Club Bates see First Page.

3^E3DIlSr.A.3 SEIPT. 1, IST'T-

Aml forgive us our debts, as we lOF^ive our debtors.
—Matthew, 6; 13.

■ We have a colony that produces drones with heads
as red as a cherry ; the color is bright and vivid, and
they look as if they were out for a general training,
or masquerade. Do you have any such at "your
house ?"

Some of our customers have objected, because we
do not rear all our dollar queens in our own apiary.
This would be entirely out of the question, with the
"run of custom" we have had in that, direction, but as
we have furnished all our queen raisers about here,
imported queens, we trust all we send out, will prove
satisfactory.

_^^«««^^ _

We have recently had some "new" bee-sting reme-
dies sent us ; but so far as we can see, they are just
like all the rest, really worse than nothing at all, es-
pecially where they advise rubbing the medicine
•'In." By rubbing and fussing, almost any sting will
become swollen and painful, but if let alone, almost
any sting will cease to trouble in a few minutes.
There is a vast difference in the severity of stings.

We must a^ain caution our friends about senditig small
lots of wax, long distances, by express. In some cases the
charges have been almost as much as the value of the
wax. Save, until you get enough to send it by freight, or
get your neighbors to join in and send with you. If the
distance is considerable, you should send not less than 50
lbs. at a time. Be sure to put your name either on or in
the box.

^-♦♦^ <fc

FrienX) TowNSENDof Hubbardston, Mich., lost an im-
ported queen by leaving the hive open while introducing
her to hatching bees. The hive should always be closed
until bees enough have hatched to make a cluster for her,
or they may get olT the combs and all crawl out of the
hive in a demoralized condition. We are succeeding so
well by the method given in our A B C, that we have
abandoned the hatching brood plan.

Extracted honey, a choice article, brings only about,
lOc. in the cities, and from 13 to 15c. by the pound at re-
tail, as a general thing ; so if you can do as well or better
near home, by no means think of sending it away. Just
now, people are demmding comb honey in small sections,
but there will in all probability be some reaction, when
they discover that extracted honey is ju«t as good, and so
very much cheaper. Keep a sharp lookout, atid furnish
just what is asked for.

We congratulate friend Newman on having struck
upon the bright idea of giving us the Dzierzon theory
in a neat little pamphlet. This theory has been at-
tacked from all sides for many years, yet like the
Capernican theory of old, it stands as iirm as the hills.

someof our young friends who are so hasty In deci-
ding th:tt the drone progeny is aflfected by the Icrtili-
xation of the queen, had better give it a careful read-
ing. It is a good thing for os all to read over care-
fully, even if we have once been over it in the first
volume of the A. B. J. If there is anything yon dO'
not get hold of, in regard to queens, drones and fer-
tile workers, you had better read it. If thoroughly
studied, it would save many a column of queries and
long stories, in all our Bee Journals. We mail it for
20 cents.

Now my friends if your bees are getting no honey
when this reaches you, you had better set about get-
ting them ready for winter. If honey is coming in, all
right, but be sure you do not deceive yourself. If the
hive is increasing in weight, of course they are get-
ting honey, and you can tell by the looks of the combs,
with a little practice, whether they are gaining or
losing. If they are not gaining, give them about a
half teacupful of sugar stirred up with a little water,
every night, until they have enough in their combs
sealed up for winter. It will be safer, to have all
j'our feeding done up this month, rather than to wait
until next. The cheap wooden feeders we illustrate
in this No., answer the purpose nicely, and to give
them a full test, I have put them into the hands of
some very young, and inexperienced bee-keepers in
our neighborhood.

Well, for one month, we have really enjoyed the
dollar queen business. A great part of the time, the
queens have been already caged, piled up on our ta-
ble,'and when the ordere came, we astonished our
patrons by a nice queen, before they even had time ta
feel impatient. The queen cages with the sugar cake
in them answers most beautifully, for shipping. We
have sent them long distances, and only a single com-
plaint has been heard from them ; as we have not haiJ
time to investigate, the trouble in this case may not
have been in the cage. The sugar never daubs them,
never gets loose, and yet; it will supply food for the
queen and bees for something like two weeks. They
are very handy indeed about the apiary, for the bees
can never get the cimdy away from the queen, and
while being caged in the hive, she is always well fed.
Be sure to close the cage as soon as the queen is re-
leased, for if the bees get in, they will lick up the
whole in a twinkling. I do not know that I liave ev-
er been better pleased with any implement in the
apiary, and they seem to be the one thing needful, to
make dollar queens a success. The best part of it is,
they cost only 5 cents. If you wisL to see how nice a
job we can do for the money, send us 6 cents and we
will mail you a sample.

Will yon please inform me as to the value of sweet
clover as a honey jdant, if cultivated as a crop for
that purpose ? I find that the bees will leave every-
thing else to work on it, and it blooms for two months
here. J. B. Olmsteai>.

Bloomington, III., Aug. 10th, 1877.

[Frieii'd Townley when here, stated that he once
tried about a half acre of the sweet clover, and that It
grew with cultivation, to a great height; it kept the
bees roaring on it, for mouths, in preference to any-
thing else. With us, bees only work on it at times.
Should be glad of further reports.]

Your hive, with the sawdust entrance, would, in
this section, cause the toads to congregate and ruoHt
near by, and make regular "draws" like pension wid-
ows; and if the walk board is not set s^«ji> they will
crawl up and take supper. "Make a note on't."

We have had a good honey season after two des-
perately bad ones, a regular old-fashioned honey dew.
W. II. Biggs, Kussclville, Tenn., July 11th, '77.

[Go round your apiary just at dusk, with a hoe, and
bury all the toads you Hiid, but be sure you do not
bury them alive, if your apiary is neat and tidy, they
will not tlnd many hiding places]

1877.

GLEA^^LNGS IN BEE CULTURE.

237

rSXSDIITG AITD FEEDISRS. As

a generiil rule, I would not advise beginners
to take away and sell their honey, with the
idea of feedinj? their stocks up in the fall
with some substitute for honey ; and if a
person is inclined to be careless and neglect-
ful they had better never think of feeding
at all. Leave the 10 combs in the lower
story mitouched by the extractor, and you
will very seldom have reason to feed. If
you use section boxes in the lower story,
you had better take them all out in time to
let the bees till combs for winter stores, in
their place, unless you have very heavy sur-
plus combs laid away, that will contain on
an average 5 lbs. of sealed honey each ; in
this case, give them 6 of these combs and a
chalf cushion division board on each side of
them in place of the sections, and you have
them then in the safest shape for winter,
you can possibly, providing they are in
a chaff hive, (according to my ideas of
wintering). Xow if we were only sure of
having the well filled surplus combs, we
might skip "feeding" entirely, but alas,
there will come seasons and circumstances
when Ave must feed. I have never known a
season when a colony of Italians with a
good queen would not get an ample supply
for winter, and furnish some surplus ; but I
am told there are such occasionally, and the
l)resent one — 1877 — is said to have left many
in a starving condition in California, right
in mid-summer.

Again, where one raises bees and queens
for sale, they may divide and sub-di-
vide to such an extent as to have many
colonies with bees enough, but with too lit-
tle food. The only remedy in these cases is
to feed.

WHAT TO FEED.

If I had sealed honey in the combs, I
should use it for giving the requisite stores
in preference to sugar, unless I could sell it
for more, pound for pound, than the sugar
could be purchased for. If the honey is late
fall honey, such as buckwheat, golden rod,
autumn wild flowers, etc., I should consider
it just as safe as any other, if Avell seasoned
and ripened, unless I had by actual experi-
ment good reason to think otherwise;
in such a case I would feed sugar. Quite a
number of reports have been given that
seemed to show bees wintered safely on the
spring honey, or that gathered in the early
part of tlie season, when others in the same
apiary were diseased badly, if all this
spring honey were extracted, and they were
I'onfined to the autumn stores for winter.

Whether a chaff packing around them would
enable them to use stich honey with safety
or not, remains to be shown, but I have
much faith that it would, for all the bad
honey I have ever experimented with, could
be used with perfect safety in warm wea-
ther.

Well, supposing we have not the honey in
frames, what then ? if we have extracted
honey two questions come up ; which is bet-
ter, sugar syrup, or honey? and which will
cost the most V I would unhesitiitingly take
syrup made from A sugar, in place of the
best clove'r or any other kind of honey, if
offered at the same price. I say this after
having fed many barrels of sugar, and after
having carefully noted the results of feeding
both sugar and honey.

In regard to expense : a gallon of water to
20 lbs. of sugar will make 2S lbs. of nice
thick syrup, and as the sugar is now worth
about 11 cents by the barrel, our syrup will
cost us about 8 cents per lb. I think if my
extracted honey were all ready to ship, and
I could get 10 cents cash for it, I would sell
it and buy the sugar. Perhaps a safe rule
will be to say that whenever we can trade a
pound of honey for a pound of sugar, we
had better do so, for the difference in favor
of sugar will certainly pay for all the trouble
of making it into syrup.

In regard to the cheaper grades of sugar
than the standard A, I will say that I have
used the C sugar, without being able to de-
tect any difference in the results; but as the
price is but very little different, I rather de-
cided in my own mind, without any definite
proof, that the A contained about the same
amount of pure sugar, for the money, as did
any of the cheaper grades. I also fed a few
colonies for winter on the cheapest brown
sugar, and somewhat contrary to my expec-
tations, they wintered equally well. I have
not used brown sugar extensively, because
in my experiments with candy for feeding^
I discovered that burnt candy or sugar — car-
amel— was certain poison to bees when con-
fined to such stores in cold weather. See
CANDY. As brown sugar frequently owes
its color and taste to this same caramel, I
have been a little afraid of it for winter
stores, although it may transpire by actual
test, that the amount is too small to be of
any injury. I have never given grape sugar
a trial, but as it is said to be offered as low
as 3i cents, I shall take steps to do so at
once, and will report.

HOW TO FEED.

Although the number of feeders described,

238

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTTJEE.

Sept.

invented, patented, and offered for sale are
almost witliout number, I would pass them
all without notice (and I have pretty tlior-
oughly tried nearly all of them), except the
simple atmospheric or''i)epperbox feeder,"
that has been so often desciibed. A pepper
box explains the whole principle, if you fill
it with water and invert it, and in fact you
may use the cheai> tin pepperboxes for feed-
ers if you have but few colonies. Fill one
witli honey or synip, place it in front of
the hive at nightfall, and you will find it all
taken into the hive by moniing', without a
single bee or any part of the liive having be-
come daubed or sticky; those who have
fussed with feedei*s know how untidy and
disagreeable everything soon gets, iniless
great care is taken.

I would feed outside the hive, because I
think the bees behave more naturally when
the food comes in this way, and because
by so doing the labor of opening and closing
the liives and disturbing things inside for
the accommodation of a feeder, is avoided ;
also, if we feed during the day time, the
bees all stay at home, and the honey that
might otherwise have been gathered is lost.
I have several times fed stocks during the
fall to build them up, and although they
were induced to take many pounds of honey
or syrup, they would be in no better condi-
tion than others that had not been fed at all,
for they ''loafed" and fussed with their
feeder, wliile the rest were doing veiy fair
day's works. Again, I once gave a partic-
ular colony all the cappings during extract-
ing time ; the honey they got out of them
amounted to 3 or 4 lbs. per day, but this was
only about half as mucli as we were before
getting from tliem, and we soon became sat-
isfied that the honey in the cappings was
even worse than thrown away, for it liad in-
duced the bees to stay at home, when they
would othenvise have gathered a much lar-
ger quantity from the fields. Tliis result
has followed feeding so many times, that we
are loth to resort to it, when it can be avoid-
ed. Feeding sugar, especially the cheap
sugars, is less liable to disturb their work
in the fields, than honey, for they will desert
the sugar as soon as honey is to be obtained
even in small quantities.

The feeders we use generally, are one
quart fruit cans with a cover of perforated
tin ; these cost only 10 cents each, and they
are pretty siu'e to be emptied in a single
night. When i)laced in front of the hive
near the entrance, they should be slightly
raised with bits of wood, that the bees may

have a fair chance at all the holes in the cap
at once. If by any means the feeding has
been delayed until veiy late, or if you have
many colonies to feed and but little time in
which to do it, you can use a feeder that
will hold enough at mie time to give them
their winter rations. This size has been
termed a '•'tea-kettle feeder" on account of
its size and shape. I have with such a feed-
er given a colony 25 lbs. of syiiip in less than
a half day. These large ones we place in
the iipper stoiy, as they may not be emptied
in a day or two. If they are set directly on.
the frames, right over the brood, they will
be emptied soonest. "When these feeders
are first inverted it should be done over a
pan of the syiiip, for a little will iiin out be-
fore it gets level and quiet. After Inver-
sion, they may be earned to any part of the
apiary.

HOW TO MAKK THE SYRITP.

After stining the sugar and water yon
can boil it if you choose, but I assure you it
does not do a particle of good, and should
you bum it a little, it may do a great deal of
harm. If you have an extractor, pour in
your sugar, and some boiling water on it,
then turn briskly, and your symp Avill be all
ready to draw off into the feeders. I have
fed a baiTel of sugar in less than 3 hours
andhad it all done with, except removing
the feeders when they were done. The bar-
rel was broken open in a large tank, and
the staves and heads were washed witli a
tea-kettle of boiling water. More water
was poured in, and the whole was stin-ed
with a hoe, imtil it was a fair syrup. Large
feeders were then filled and placed on a
shelf in the tank, until tliey had ceased to
drip. From this they were removed to the
hives just at dusk, that no robbers might
interfere. When all were filled, the tank
was rinsed out Avith the tea-kettle, and the
rinsings placed over a hive, in the feeder,
so that not an oiuice of sugar was wasted.
There is no need at all of cream of tartar,
vinegar, or anything of the sort, for abund-
ant experiments have shown that sugar and
water is all that is needed, and it matters
veiy little what tlie proportions are.

FEEDING FAST OK SLOWLY.

I have not been able to see that it makes
any material difference Avhether we feed it
all at once, or a little at a time for wintei--
ing i)uii)oses only, but for brood rearing it
is assuredly best to feed a little at a time, say
a pint every night. I have during severe
drouths reared queens, brood, and had beau-
tiful comb built, by the latter plan.

i

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

239

WHEN TO FEED.

Although colonies have been wintered
well when fed after cold or freezing weath-
«er. I think much the safer plan is to have it
-<ill done during warm dry weather, that tliey
may have it all ripened and thoroughly
sealed up. If you have been so careless as
to have bees that are in need of stores, at
the beginning of winter, I would advise
frames of sealed honey if you can get them,
and if you cannot, use candy, which see.
If the candy is covered up with warm chaff
cushions or something equivalent, it may
i)e fed at any time, although it does not
yeem to be as satisfactory under all circum-
stances as stores sealed iip in their combs.

In feeding in cool or cold weather, you are
very apt to uncover the cluster, or leave
openings that will permit the warmth from
the cluster to pass off. I have several times
Siad colonies die in the spring after I com-
suenced feeding, and I imagined it was from
this cause alone. When tliey first commence
raising brood in the spring, they need to be
packed up closely and snugly; making a
hole in tlie quilt or cushions above the clus-
ter, and placing the feeder over this so as to
close it completely, does very well, but is not
after all, as safe jis giving the feed from be-
low ; for feeding in early sjjring, especially
if the stock is weak, I would prefer the can-
«lv. or well tilled combs of sealed stores.

Since the above was written, we have had
quite an August drouth, and it has given
Jue an opportunity of making a farther test
<tf th« different modes of feeding for the
purpose of inducing brood rearing, and of
keeping colonies from starving. Plenty of
l)ollen Avas to be had from the corn fields,
though but little, if any honey. Old stocks
hung idly a great part of the day, in and on
the hives, and nuclei either ceased rearing
l)rood entirely, or reared very little. Many
of the queens stopped laying entirely. At
this stage a little feed during the night
Mould start the queens laying wonderfully,
and the fed colony ^^ould rush to the fields
for pollen in a way that demonstrated at
once that feeding at sucli a time, was a very
profitable investment, if one wished to build
up weak stocks and nuclei. A stock that
liad been fed a half teacupful only, would
go out for pollen an hour earlier than the
others, and would bring in double the quan-
tity. A still smaller quantity, will set them
to building out foundation most beautifully,
and I never in my life saw the work in the
hive go on so satisfactorily, as it did during

the hot dry, dusty days, under the influence
of a very moderate amount of feeding du-
ring the night. I take great pleasure in
giving you a feeder, that I think in several
respects, rather ahead of the former one.

Get a piece of pine, or other light soft
wood, two inches thick by three wide, and
about a foot long ; with a buzz saw set wab-
bling, plougli grooves in it, three in number
as sliown in the following engraving.

BEE-FEEDER.

We have shown it turned over on one side,
that you may see the way in which the
grooves are sawed out, so as to leave two
thin partitions through the middle. The
holes from one partition to the other are to
allow all three of the apartments to fill uit
at once, that the danger of running them
over when filling may be avoided. I con-
fess when I made the first one, I was a little
fearful, that ths bees would drown in
them after all, but when I saw how they
clung to the wood as they sipped the honey,
I had no fear, and after a trial of them for
several weeks with all kinds of feed, all the
way from sweetened water, to syrup as thick
as tar, all kinds of candied honey, sugar and
water stirred up hastily in all proportions,
&c., I have yet to see a single dead bee in a
feeder. They may be used inside the hive,
in the upper story, before the entrance, or
where you choose.

They are always emptied in a twinkling,
and with perfect safety to the bees. Where
we are building up stocks, we set them in
the hive, close to tlie division board. For a
full colony, we set them just before the en-
trance ; if the hive has blocks and a portico,
set them across from one entrance block to
the other. In this case tiiey may remain
there as long as you are feeding. All you
have to do is to go round with your coffee
pot of feed just at dusk, and fill them up:
you can not drown a bee, even if they are
crowded into the feeder when you pour it
in. Pour it right on their backs, and all
over them ; they will like it all the better
that way. For feeding the two frame nu-
clei— see (^UEEN REAKrNCi — set the feeder
on the end of the shelf, in front of the en-

240

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Sept.

trance. To get them started, pour a little
of the feed into the hive ; tliey will very
soon " boil out," and discover the feed.
Even a weak nucleus, will empty the feeder
in a very short time— long before morning.
If you have but a little feeding to do, just
put some sugar in the trough, wet it with a
little water, and it is all done, without even
soiling your hands.

With all the desirable qualities of these
feeders, they are cheaper than anything that
has heretofore come under our notice. The
size we have mentioned, holds about one
pint, and if you can not make them conve-
niently, we will furnish them for 5c each^ or
sent by mail post-paid, for 10c. ;;;

FEEDING TO PRODUCE C03IB HONEY.

You could feed white sugar, so as to pro-
duce very nice looking comb honey, but it
would be sugar syrup in honey comb, after
all, as you would find to your sorrow if you
should attempt to sell it as honey ; and
furthermore, it is doubtful if you could do
it without losing money, were such not the
case. Many, are the attempts that have been
made to produce honey by feeding sugar;
but all have resulted in failures. Where
you can purchase nice white extracted hon-
ey for 10c, you may be able t<) feed it so as
to make it pay, if you can get 20 or 25c for
the honey in the comb. Several of our
neighbors have fed out their extracted hon-
ey in this way, and tliey think it can be
done profitably, with the aid of the founda-
tion. This should all be done by a few col-
onies, because they must liave quite a quan-
tity, perhaps 25 lbs., before they are in shape
to build comb. The feed should then be
given as rapidly as possible, if we wish to
get nice white honey ; for the quicker we
can get our comb honey out of the hive, the
Avhiter and nicer will it be. Bees when fed,
are to some extent demoralized, and forget
to be as particular as they usually are, about
being neat and tidy. Sometimes they will
scamper over the white honey with dirty
feet, like a lot of children who have been
fed sweetmeats to an injudicious extent,
and this we wish to avoid. I am just
now making some experiments in this di-
rection, and have found that a common
milk pan placed in a third story, on a Sim-
plicity hive, answers the purpose excellent-
ly. The first story contains the brood
combs, the second, the section boxes sup-
plied with foundation as usual, while the
third contains nothing but tlie pan of syrup.
The i)lan of preventing the bees from drown-
ing, is very simple ; a sheet of cheese cloth,

is spread over the pan, before pouring the
honey into it. I have had but very few bees,
drowned in this manner, but it is not as
clean and simple as the wood feeder, and as
the cloth may get displaced, is not as sue
of success ; the most awkward or inexperi-
enced person, can hardly make a mistake or
have a mishap, with the former, and it is
very desirable indeed to have implements
for bee culture which possesses such quali-
ties.

CAUTION IN P.EGARD TO FEEDING.

Before closing, I Avould most earnestly
caution the inexperienced to beware of get-
ting the bees robbing. I have advised feed-
ing only in the night time, to avoid danger,
for attempting to feed in the middle of thi
day will sometimes result in the robling
and destruction of strong colonies. Where
food comes in such quantities, and in such
an unnatural way, they seem to forget to
post sentinels as usual, and before they have
lime to recover, bees will pour in from all
the hives in the apiary. I do not know who
is to be pitied most at such a time, the bees,
their helpless owner, or the innocent neigh-
bors and passers by. Sometimes^ all that can
be done is to let your colony slide, and wish
for it to get dark that the greedy "elves"
may be obliged to go home. Now when you
commence feeding, remember that .my last
words on the matter were " look out."

SlSSGKSSSiS. We can drive cattle and
horses, and can to some extent drive even
pigs, with a whip, but one who undertakes
to drive bees in any such way, will find to
his sorrow, that all the rest of the animal
kingdom are mild in comparison, especially
as far as stubborness and fearlessness of
consequences are concerned. You may kill
them by the thousand', you may even burn
them up with fire, but the death agonies of
their comrades seem only to provoke thehi
to new fury, and they push on to the com-
bat with a relentlessness which I can com-
pare to nothing better than a nest of yellow
jackets that have made up their minds to
die, and to make all the mischief they possi-
bly can before dying. It is here that the
power of smoke comes in ; and to one who
is not conversant with its use, it seems
simply astonishing, to see them turn about
and retreat in the most perfect dismay and
fright, from the effects of a puff or two of
smoke, from a mere fragment of rotten
wood. What would we bee-keepers do with
bees at times, were no such potent power as
smoke known ?

A great nniny colonies of bees, common

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

241

as well as Italian, can be handled almost the
season round without smoke, while there
are others that it would be almost madness
to attempt to handle in the same way.
AVith a little practice, we can decide before
going- far enouj^h to get stung, whether it
will be safe to attempt liandling them with-
out smoke.

When away from home, if I have occasion
to handle a colony, I test their gentleness,
by proceeding to open the hive as carefully
as possible. If they rush out in a great body
as soon as an opening is made, I wait a lit-
tle to see if they will go back soon ; if they
do not, but show a disposition to fight, I
hunt up a couple of pieces of rotten wood,
and get a coal of fire to put between them.
With this, smoke can be blown on them,
initil they are driven out of the way, down
among the combs. If a coal of lire is not
handy, light the wood with a match, but it
takes more time to get it going. If com-
pelled to use a match, a roll of cotton rags
is very convenient, as it lights quickly. If
it is carefully extinguished as soon as done
with, a roll of rags will do very well for a
small number of hives. With a large apia-
ry, rotten wood chips or sawdust, is much
cheaper than the rags, and to use them con-
veniently a pan or kettle is often used.
^Several of our neighbors who keep bees
largely, UvSe such a kettle with a long bail,
fixed so that it always stands upright, that
the operator may not be obliged to stoop
every time he wishes to pick it up. In the
kettle, are put chips, slicks, sawdust, «S:c.,
and when it is once started, it will keep
burning for a whole day. If it burns too
strongly, some damp sawdust is thrown on,
and when not in use, the tire smoulders in-
A'isibly. When smoke is wanted, the kettle
is given a shake by the bail, and at once a
dense smoke arises. If this smoking kettle
is placed at the proper side of the hive, the
wind will throw- the smoke where wanted,
leaving both hands at liberty. Where rob-
bers are bad, this is a very convenient ar-
rangement, for it not only keeps the bees in
the hive in subjection, but keeps the angry
bees flying about in the air at bay.

I presume there are many who will
use this kind of smoker in prefereirce to any
other. The objections are, that one is pret-
ty apt to have smoke blown in his eyes very
inopportunely, and I for one, would almost
as soon be stung, as to be smoked. Another
is, that bees frequently fall into the kettle,
and the sight of one heavily laden little fel-
low writliing in death agonies on the burn-

ing embers, would be enough of a lesson for
me. At one time, a queen fell into our ket-
tle, and was only by rare good luck rescued.
To prevent sucli mishaps, I thought of a
wire cloth cover for the kettle, and as I had
been using a small saucepan with a handle,
in plac(^ of a kettle, with good satisfaction,
it did not take very long to decide that a
connnon corn-popper was just about what
was wanted.

COUN-POPl'ER SMOKER.

This, when tried, proved to be in many
respects very convenient, for it could easily
be started burning briskly by whirling the
whole about the head, like a torch, tlie ashes
fell out of theniselves, and for awhile, we
thought we should want nothing better.
The ditticulty, however with this, was that
it would often give too much smoke ; it
smoked the eyes, and it burned so rapidly,
that it was quite a task to provide fuel. It
I is true that it never annoyed us by going
I out as did the bellows smokers, but it, on
i the other hand, did not offer the same facil-
\ ities for throwing a jet of smoke down into
' the hive, or into any particular corner.
I With a.ll the good points of the corn-poi)per,
it was finally laid aside for the Quinby smo-
ker again, even if it did try our patience
sorely going out whenever it was allowed to
tumble over, and many times when it did
not tumble over at all. The Bingham smo-
ker comes a little nearer to the kettle and
corn-popper, in having a much larger recep-
tacle for the fuel, and as one of the valves
that Quinby used is dispensed with, it is not
very likely to go out, unless it is overturned.
Although there are some who prefer a
simple tin tube with a wooden plug in each
end, to be held in the mouth, the majority
of our bee-keepers, seem to be strongly in
favor of the bellows smoker, and after try-
ing to learn to like one, I find myself much
like the rest. I should of course, much pre-
fer a mouth smoker, to none at all. There
is one point in its favor, it can be held
in the mouth so that both hands are at lib-
erty, but one that can be set on the ground
so the wind carries the smoke over the hive,
I think preferable.

FUEL von SMOKERS.

Perhaps rags work as nicely as anything,
but as it would require a great many, for the
wants of a large apiary, we must hunt up
something cheaper. If we go out in the
woods during a dry time, we can find rotten
wood by taking some care and pains, that
will ignite readily with a nuitch, and keep
burning. This is quite desirable for the

242

GLEAKINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

smokers with a small narrow tube, but not
so much so with those of a larger capacity
for fuel, as it burns out almost too rapidly.
For the latter, common stove wood cut into
short pieces and split up, does very well.
When some of the little folks are wanting
something to do, you can show them how,
and have a large basketful cut up and kept
in readiness, in some dry place. The sound

hard wood, will last much longer than the
rotten wood. A couple of years ago, a friend
sent us a box of a mossy substance, which I
suppose to be peat from the swamps, but as
it did not burn very readily then, it was laid
aside and forgotten. This summer, how-
ever, I found ovu' boys using it in their smo-
kers, and as it lights readily with a match,
and makes a great quantity of .smoke, I am

THE S3IOKK

inclined to think we shall find nothing bet-
ter. It is very light, can be cheaply shipped,
and makes but a very small amoimt of ashes.
I would advise those wlio have peat swamps
near them, to make a trial of it. It takes
quite a time to dry thoroughly, which is the
reason we did not discover its valuable prop-
erties sooner ; if cut into thin slices, it would
probably dry much sooner. Ours came from
W. W. Bird, Freedom Mills, O., who, if I

ii I PKEFKK.

mistake not, offered to furnish it for $6.00
per cord. We will send enough by mail tt)
give it a good trial , for 5 cents.

Yon Mill observe from tlie cut above, that
we have in reality retained the kettle idea,
but the smoker is small and made of tin.
To i)revent its being overturned, we have
given it a large base, like an oiler; it is in
fact, something like the Irishman's wall,
four feet high, and six feet thick, so that if

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

243

it ever falls down, it will be higher than be-
fore. The bellows is simply a strip of strong
leather, tacked to tlie edges of two square
boards. That we may liave nothing to get
out of rig, we dispense with valves entirely,
and have simply a hole cut in the bottom of
the ''kettle,"' to match a similar one, in the
upper board of the bellows. By removing
the upper part, we can kindle a fire with
coals, or with some matches and sticks, as
easily as we could in the fire place, and when
the chimney is on,, it will burn almost any-
thing, chips, rags, or sound or rotten wood,
and it is not very important whether it is
wet or dry. After being once filled, it will
burn several hours, and I do not know that
any directions are needed for using it. If
you wish to drive the smoke into any hive,
first blow out the ashes, for if we are obliged
to smoke our bees, we wish to give them
clean smoke, and nothing else, and then
blow the smoke just where you want it.
The shape of the upper part, or funnel, is
such that there is very little danger of any
fire getting out, even if no wire cloth is used
over the mouth, and if you first give it a puff
to dislodge any loose matter, there will be
very little chance of blowing ashes or fire
among the bees.

One of the greatest objections to using
burning rags, rotten wood, or anything else,
in the hand, or in an open dish, is that sparks
may get on the quilt, in the sawdust, or
where they may do harm about the apiary.
A visitor once showed me how I could use
a piece of rotten wood in my hand, and in
less than 24 hours, I got the sawdust on fire,
and biirned up one of my best colonies. Dur-
ing dry hot summer weather, it behooves us
to be very careful. In the smoker, as shown
in the engraving, the fuel is so safely en-
closed, that it can be put away, even while
it contains fire ; and if undisturbed it will
smoulder away slowly, until wanted. A few
puffs will then give a brisk smoke, almost
instantly.

Now aside from its good qualities for sub-
duing bees, this smoker is a most excellent
device for entertaining children. If you
hold it by the upper board, and tap lighly on
the under one, it will send out the beautiful
revolving rings of smoke, that our artist has
attempted to picture. When making the
machine, I had no idea of pi-oducing this
Avell known philosoiihical curiosity, and up-
on setting the first one made, down a little
hastily, the spinning ring that ascended, en-
larging as it went up, forcibly reminded me
of the genii of old, who came out of the cop-

per cup.

There is one more item in regard to these
smokers, but my wife has forbidden me to
mention it. As she has gone away to-day, 1
enjoy an unusual amount of liberty, and
liave conluded to take the risk. Many of
you perhaps know that much tJiought has
been spent in devising some means of hand-
ling refractory children. Shutting tiiem up
in a dark room, drenching them witli cold
water, and the like, have serious objections,

but a bellows smoker do you not see the

pointy After they are perfectly subdued,
have promised to be good, and have got
through wiping their eyes, you can show
them the rings of smoke, just to make every-
thing all pleasant again, "you know."

The price of the smoker will be 75 cents,
or sent by mail in a stout wooden box $1.00.
A larger size will be made for $1.00 should
it be called for. As there are many careless
people in this world of ours, the folks who
live at our house included, we sliall keep
constantly on hand all the different parts,
ready to send by mail. If you get excited
and leave your smoker where it may be
stepped on, we will send you a new tin case,
for a few cents, or a new leather, if you
should leave it out in the rain. As it is all
put together with screws, anybody can take

it apart.

■ — • ♦ »

The colony mentioned on page 248, that would not
rear a queen, built a fine lot of queen cells, as soon
as the queer looking worker was removed.

I AM very glad indeed, to tell you I think there will
be no difficulty in furnishing dollar queens from im-
ported mothers, as light as any we have, and yet as
good honey gatherers as the dark ones. At least two
of our Importation "fill the bill," but it may be diffi-
cult to send out many of them, before another

season.

« ♦ •

Now be sure you have no bees starve out and de-
sert their hives about this time of the year, for it is a
vast deal easier to go through the apiary and exam-
ine every stock and nucleus, than to chase after a
single one that deserts for want of food. Run no
risks, but if you find one that will probably be out in
the course of a month, commence feeding it noiv, or
unite it with another. Do not guess, but be sure
they have an abundance. If you have more than
you can take good care of, sell them or give them
away 7wu', rather than keep them half starved until
spring, and then let them die. I have had some bit-
ter experience of my own in the matter. If we go
right to work this minute, getting our colonies ready
for winter, I think it possible, with the light we now
have, to winter without loss. Put j'our bees on as
few combs as possible, get these combs heavy with
solid sealed stores, and I will tell you what farther
to do next month. It is much easier to go bee-hunt-
iiiy (ir \isitin<i-, than to stiij- at home and fuss with
cross lices, after the honey season is over, but "busi-
ness tirst, and pleasure afterward," is to be the mot-
to of the bee-keeper.

244

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

A SUBSCRIBER objects to our advising' the brown
sugar, even for enticing robber bees away from the
apiary, on the ground that we could not look our
honey buyers in the face, and tell them our honey
had not a drop of sugar in it. If he or others will
test the matter, they will find that bees cannot bo
induced to notice brown sugar when at work in the
boxes ; but that the sugar is deserted entirely, as
soon as any honey is to be found in the fields. The
sugar is every particle of it used in the brood apart-
ment, and if it is fed dry, as we advised, they succeed
in carrying away but very little indeed. Any one
who has tried feeding sugar to get comb honey will
understand readily how utterly impracticable the
idea is.

HIVES BY THE QUANTITY.

The demand for both Simplicity and Chaff hives in
the tlat, has been such as to warrant me in making
arrangements to furnish thorn by the quantity, at
A'ery liw prices. Now it is with these sis with the
fdn., we can only do it, by having them made up in
quantities ahead, all boxed or crated, ready to snip.
To avail yourself of these low rates, you nuist send
the exact amount of money specified, and order them
in the quantities specified. Printed instructions with
illustrations, will be furnished for setting up each
kind.

SIMPLICITY HIVES IN THE FLAT.

Per hive. Per pckg.
1 1-story hive, no insldes nor bottom 60c. $ 60

f) " " 58 2.90

10 " " 55 5.50

26 55 13.25

50 62 26.00

100 50 50.00

You can use your ordinary' Langstroth frames in
the above hives, or we can furnish you metal cor-
nered frames for them, for just as much more ; that
i«, the frames (10 to each hive) cost precisely the same
that the hives do. You can cover the frames with
carpeting or we can furnish a sheet of duck hemmed
with tin, for the purpose, for 10c. Two of the above
hives make a complete two story hive, the cover of
one of them, then being used as a bottom board. If
you wish comb honey instead of extracted, fill the
upper story with sections instead of frames. The 56
1 lb. sections, with the 7 broad frames and separators,
including fdn. starters, will cost thrre times as much
as the 10 metal cornered frames. The sections and
fdn. cost but little, but the broad frames to hold them
are pretty expensive with the tin separators. How-
ever, as a set will hist indefinitely, we have only to
purchase the sections, after we once get started.

CHAFF HIVES IN THE FLAT.

A Chaff hive is always a two story hive, and can be
used in no other way ; as the walls are double, the
expense will be fJiree times that of a one story Sim-
plicity. Furnishing the lower story will cost just
the same as the Simplicity, but as the upper story is
wider, it will cost one-half more.

No nails are figured in the above price, but we can
furnish them for 5c. per lb. A single story needs
about ip lb. to make it good and strong. An iron
gauge frame is needed to nail the Simplicities con-
veniently, price 50c.

I have thought best to give you this list thus early,
that you may decide in time, abovit hives for another
season.

THE ABC OF BEE CUliTUKE.

For the past few days, we have spent considerable
time in going out bee hunting. Do you know why ?
Well, it is because I must write an article for
the ABC for next month, in regard to trapping
wild bees, and I do not wish to write a single thing
for the ABC without at least some practical experi-
ence in the matter. I am selling a great many books
on bee culture, and many are the questions asked in
regard to their teachings. I can not be responsible
for the teachings of other writers, but I do intend to
be responsible for all that appears in the ABC; and
furtherraorc, I have been to the expense of purcha-

sing the type for the whole of it, that every mistake
or wrong statement may be corrected, just as soon
as it is found to be such. The sheets are to be print-
ed, only as fast as they are sold, that none of the In-
formation may be old, or behind the times. Sut-
sciibers to Gleanings, of course get the whole,,
without chtvrge ; but our inquiring friends who are
not subscribers— and there are many— will be sup-
plied for 5c each No.

No. 1 contains— ABSCONDING swarms, (Swarming
out for want of food in early spring. Nucleus
swarms. Runaway swarms of all kinds and all the
usual means for preventing losses from this cause).
AFTER SWARMING, (How it comes about. Several
queens in one. Shall we prevent them? What to do
to make them good stocks etc), age of bees, (Age
of queens, workers and drones), alighting boards,
with illustrations, (Importance of convenient ones.
Sawdust for, just as good as the most convenient.
Porticos more for ornament than real use etc), al-
siKE clover, (Mode of cultivation. Time of blossom-
ing. Value for honej^ and value for seed and forage).
ANGER OF bees, (Why they are ill tempered and how
to keep them good etc). Price 5c.

No. 2 contains— ANTS, (In what respects they are
harmful. The best means of getting rid of them etc).
APiARV, (Where to locate. Wind breaks, the import-
ance of and how to make. The Vineyard Apiary with
diagrams and illustration. The Chaff Hive Apiary,
with illustration. The house apiary, v/ith diagram
and illustration. Comparative advantages and disad-
vantages of the above three etc). Price 5c.

No. 3 contains— ARTIFICIAL comb, artificial fer-
tilization, (With accounts of the attempts and fail-
ures). ARTIFICIAL heat, (For raising bees. Its fail-
ures), queen REARING, (Nuclcus hives for rearing
queens foi* market illustrated. How to get good
queen cells. When to cut them out. How to do it.
How to insert them. Profits of queen rearing etc).
Price 5c.

No. 4 contains— MARKETING honey, (What shape to
have comb honey built in. Shipping case for comb
honey illustrated. Taking it from the hive. Import-
ance of neatness to secure the highest prices etc).

CLIPPING QUEENS' WINGS, QUEEN CAGES, (HoW tO

make, with illustrations), comb basket, illustrated.
INTRODUCING QUEENS, (How to find and remove the
old queen, How to release the queen etc). Price 5c.

No. 5 contains— FEEDERS, AND FEEDING, (What to

feed. When to feed. How to feed. Feeding fast or
slow. Feeding to build up colonies. Feeding for win-
ter. How to make the sjTup, and the simplest feeder
illu&trated. SMOKERS, Corn-p ipper smoker. Fuel for
smokers. The smoker I prefer, illustrated, etc).
Price 5c.

No. 6 contains— BEE-HUNTING, (How to make a
hunting box illustrated. How to get the bees started
on the "bait," How to follow the line. How to find
the tree they are in. How to make a pair of climbers
illustrated. How to climb the tree. How to get the
bees out so as to save them. Transferring them into
a hive. Habits of wild bees. Best season for trapping-
wild bees etc). Price 5c.

The above six Nos. (48 pages, size of Gleanings)
will be mailed for 25c. I am working hard to , make
these practically valuable ; and if I succeed in fur-
nishing you with a complete and comprehensive an-
swer to almost any (juestion you may ask, explained
by expensive engravings when they will assist, yoii
will willingly pay me the 5e. er.ch will you not ?

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

245

$dQS and §mrks.

The honey extractor ordered of you came in good
order, and I am well satljfled. 1 extracted one barrel
in about 10 hours by myself. V. P. DUPUT.

riaiiuemlQC, La., Aug. 4th, 1S77.

The foundation of 5 cells to the inch Is a great suc-
cess; but that of 4>i to the inch you sent uie last year
is a complete failure for breeii ing purposes.

O. J. Hethekington, East Saginaw, Mich., July 30.

The bees are carrying in honey like fun, and it Is
taken awav as fast as we get It from the hive. Ex-
tracted at V2H cts., and in sections at 20 cts. per lb.
Cykus \V. McyuKEX, Buena Vista, O., July 10.

[Prof. Cook writes as follows in regard to the Bing-
ham smoker.]

You may say for me that your smoker is the best in
the field. I shall say so in future, till a better one ap-
pears. A. J. Cook, Lansing, Mich., August 8th.

The fdn. machine came in order. Much obiiged for
your promptness. In a few hours we mastered Ihe
difficulties aud now we turn out splendid fdn. This
invention marks an tra in bee culture.

M. D. Minor, Port Jackson, N. Y., Aug. 8th, '77.

How can I cool bees-wax in large cakes without its
cracking ? P-

[I knowof no way unle's the cracks are filled up
with more melted wax when the cake is partly cool.
Wax contracts very much in cooling.]

Section honey sells well here, and even buckwheat
honey in sections will take. As soon as harvest is
over and I have time, I will detail for your Glean-
ings, my trials, tribulations and triumphs in the sec-
tion business. R. L. Joinek.

Wyoming, Wis., Aug. ist, 1877.

From my 30 colonies I have taken upwards of 1900
lbs. of honey, all sealed before extracting, and about
half my hives are again full and sealed up. If the
weather proves favorable, I will get that much or
more from the sourwood. J. F. Montgomery.

Lincoln, Tenn., June 15th, 1877.

I made a Doolittle smoker, as described in Glean-
ings of July, 1877, page 176. I am pleased and aston-
ished at its simplicity and utility. I have been using
pieces of rotten wood but the'smoker is superior as
very small bits of wood can be used, and I for one
thank friend D. for giving it to the public.

C. C. Shipp, Spring Dale, Aug. 2d, 1877.

Is there in all the land, a climbing vine that bears
honey producing flowers ? If so, what is It, and where
can the seed be found ? I want something of the kind
to construct a sun shade for my bees.

D. B. Baker, Rollersville, O., July I6th, '77.

[At present we do not think of any such vine that
bears honey largely, although we believe our readers
have mentioned something of the kind. Will the
friend who did, please "rise and explain."]

Now. we don't belong to that class pf'Trjends to
■whom the question was put, but if you will excuse the
impertinence, I will make a suggestion in regard to
l)alnting those shipping cases. Try shellac polish on
well made c?crtn pine. The honey will not lose a'ny-
thing by the contrast; it dries in a moment, and it
can be washed like a pane of glass. A pencil mark
or anything that is on the pine when the polish is ap-
plied will remain permanently.

R. M. Reynolds, East Springfield, O.. Aug. 11.

honey from corn.

Do bees gather honey from corn when in bloom ?
One of my neighbors who has kept bees says they do,
and that the honey is excellent in quality and has a
pleasant corn flavor. Henry' Mortimer.

Manteno, 111., June ifith, 1877.

[Good careful observers, state that bees do at times
get honey from corn, but we have never seen them do
it. At present, ours gather large quantities of ijollen
from corn, and it, without any doubt, saves their
stores of honey ; for young colonies and nuclei, that
bring it in, are building up while others' would starve
if not fed.]

From Different Fields.

fET me caution you about packing section boxes
/ii as fast as taken Irom hives. If kept In a warm
^— ill place moth eggs will liatch and destroy your
honey. To keep bees from cider and sorghum mills,
cellar them ; it is the only efl'ectnal way. Give them
a week's fly at the least, afterwards, more If possible.
I rejoice with you in tlie success of chaff In warm
weather. R. L. Joiner.

Wyoming, Wis.. Aug. 3d, 1877.

If the sections of honey are put into market
at once, as they should be, in our opinion, there
will be no need of any fumi<i:atiou with sul-
phur; and if the unfinished ones are left oa
the hives until frosty weather, no moths will
ever hatch in them. Perhaps the cellaring:
will answer; but I never again wish to see
our bees kept in-doors when the weather will
permit them to fly ; and in fact I never mean
to move them from their summer stands at all,
if I can help it. As a remedy for visiting ci-
der mills, enclose them with cheap cloth cur-
tains, as given in Vol. II, page 114.

The season has not been so good here as we antici-
pated. Cool nights and much rain checked the flow
of honey. Our bees have gathered just a living since
the 20th of July. Buckwheat is now in blossom but
yields no honey. Our bees ai-e getting honey though,
and we find it is honey dew from a portion of the for-
est near us. Can discover no aphides ami bees com-
mence work at 4 o'clock in morning. What is your
experience with honey dew for wintering ? Is it sale
to winter bees on it? It seems to be of good body
and light color. J. H. Martin.

Hartford, N. Y., August 15th, 1877.

We have never had enough of the honey dew
to give it a test for wintering, but have had
reports of its having done nicely; see page 63,
Vol. I. If the honey is nicely sealed, and the
bees are in close warm quarters — surrounded
with chafl' cushions — we should have no fear
of the honey dew.

All of your publications about "chaff" only chafe
me, half to death. If your industrious, inquisitive
and persevering bee raisers can make money up in
their frigid zone, in spite ot all the drawbacks which
beset them, what colossal fortunes must be waiting
for them here, where flowers blossom the year rouuft,
and the busy hum of the little bee is never hushed.
No winter packing, no cellar removals, ncithing but to
let them alone, when it is cold. If your energetic
farmers would come down here now, and work half
as hard as they do up there, their fortunes would
soon be made. The day of foreign rule, ol bastard
thieving and riotous governments, is at an end, and
honest working men will meet with welcome.

E. GouKiER, Plaquemine, La., June Uth, 1877.

Beg pardon friend G., but as we need chaff
in the summer to get the best results in comb
honey, we rather think chatt" would be a fine
thing for you, even in the. South.

"RAW" HONEY, WHAT CAN BE DONE WITH IT.

I have some basswood honey which I was obligeii
to extract long before it was ripe, and I am afraid it
will sour. I would like to know what to do with it.
Henry Tench, Pottagevllle, Ont., Can., Aug. 1.

You can ripen your honey by setting it in
shallow dishes in the oven, until it is of the
proper consistency, but it will be pretty sure
to spoil both color and flavor. The bees can
do this work better than anyone else, and I
think I should feed it back to them, and let
them fix it. They will make it clean, pure,
and nice, even after it has commenced to sour.

246

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

My bees are now working on red clover. I. too, can
see an improvement in my stock since pnrcliasintt a
colony Irom Mr. Dadanl three years ago. I have
i)onght daughters of imported ijueens eveo' year
since. I have increased the present season Irom 40
to 80 stocks, and secured 1,0(0 lbs. ot' honey, one-hall'
of which is comb honey, and more is ready to remove.
Linden has been a failure here. Weather dry at pres
ent. F. A. Sskll.

Milledgeville, Illinois. August 8, 1877.

Do not your bees glue those small sections to-
gether and to the frame, so as to make it very difficult
to get them out ? If there is the leas: soace left, mine
will fill it, and if there is not they will stick them.
Again, do they not quite often fasten them to the sep-
arators, building out little scuds as if they thought
they needed a support ? G. H. Spkague.

Neil's Creek, August 11, 1877.

During the season of clover and linden, we
scarcely find a bit of propolis, but after the
season has closed, or during the fall honey,
bees make the honey look untidy by its use,
but we never have any difficulty in getting the
sections out of the frames. In fact, they come
out much easier when filled with honey than
when empty. This may seem a little singular,
until you have once tried it.

The sheets of fdn. and the small size of the
sections, effectually prevent the "bnttons" you
mention.

of them took their new position. Those that did not,
went to the hive left, and as they made rather a large
colony I divided them, furnishing queen cells to each
colony. Two or three days after I moved one of theui
tlie same way, and finally carried the lemaining one
away about two miles, bringing It back to its proper
place a few days later. Thus all were moved, and not
a hundred bees lost.

In July No., page 180, Doolittle in an article on
keeping pure stock says "drone comb shonid be care-
fully excluded from hybrid or black stocks." Are
not first cross hybrids (that is, those having queens
reared from pure stock but mated with black drones)
as good as any for rearing drones ?

J. P. SWAKTHOUT.

Crystal Springs, N. Y., August 8, 1877.
All dollar queens are supposed to produce
pure Italian drones, no matter whether the
workers are pure or not, and those who have
doubts in regard to the matter had better send
for the Dzierzon theory, now published in the
form of a neat little pamphlet.

I enclose you a letter 1 received from N. C Mitchell
to-day. I enclose it that you may know the modus
operandi he takes to reach bee men with his unsolic-
ited epistles. 1 also send you my answer, which you
will please mail from Medina, that he may know 1 am
A Root convert. Bees have done but poorly here this
season -, have taken up to date, but 500 lbs. from 42
colonies. Alex. Wilder.

Sandwich, 111., August 4, 1877.

Indianapolis, Ind., August 1, 1877.

Postmaster— Dear Sir : I am very anxious to put
one copy of the Bee- Keepers' Directory into the
hands of every one who lias one or more stands of
bees. You will do me a great favor by writing the
names of all such on the enclosed i>ostal card and re-
turning it to me. Yours truly, N. C. Mitchell.

per N. Barkett.

Please send me August No. of Gleanings; can't
be without it. Have borrowed of my neighbors but
guess they are tired of it; so am I. Will become a
subscriber as soon as I can get the stamps. Have just
started in bees this soring. I love a bee if he does
hite occasionally. 1 fully agree that they are crosser
at the present time than when they are busy gather-
ing tneir sweet stores. Mine are on a "strike."

E. Bright, Kalamazoo, Mich.

The nucleus came to hand to-day in excellent con-
dition; not more than a half dozen bees dead, and
eggs that had been laid during journey. Please ac-
cept thanks for your prompt attention.

W. W. Reynolds, Cassopolis, Mich., August 2d.

There! I thought we could ship bees safely,
even during the hottest summer weather, if we
kept on trying. We have had our share oi
trouble in the matter I assure you, but before
I write an article for the A B C on shipping
bees, I wish to have considerable practical ex-
perience, and that too under all liinds of diffi-
culties that may be expected in the business.

MOVING bees short DISTANCES, Elf.

In one of the spring numbers of Gleanings there
was something in regard to moving bees. I will give
you my experience in that matter. About the middle
of June I found it necessary to move my bees (22 col-
onies) about 15 rods. They could not be moved grad-
ually as they bad to be taken ucross the highway; so I
shut them up just before daylight and moved them as
quickly as possible to the place prepared for them,
leaving one hive which was qneenless, having
swarmed three or four days before. As soon as all
were in their new location, ami while still distvirbed
from being moved, I let them out. As they boileil out
of the hives they of course saw the change, and most

Do you think one time in a season hotter than another
to move bees a short distance,— say ten or fifteen rods?
A. N. Gbiswold, Naugatuck, Conn., June 27, 1877.

Most assuredly it makes a difference, for it
you move your bees short distances in the
working season, you are pretty sure to lose
heavily, whereas if they are moved quietly do-
ring the winter time, or during weather so
cool that they will not fly for a weeli or two,
you can avoid loss entirely.

My hybrids beat the nation at swarming, but don't
work in boxes on top of hives worth a cent; would they
do any better in sections inside the hive ?

J. A. Robinson, Battle Creek, Mich., July 16, 1877.

Most certainly, for you can make them go to
work in a frame of sections, as easily as in
one of the brood combs. Put a frame of sec-
tions in the lower story, or raise a frame of
brood into the upper story ; either plan will
make a sure thing of it.

My bees are doing tolerably fair; from 13 stands I
have increased to 34, and have taken 500 lbs. of ex -
traded honey, yet this has been a very poor season
for honey and swarms, as we have had so much rain ;
at least, so ray old fashioned bee-keeping neighbors
say. They have had very few swarms and no surplus
honey, yet they will not take a Bee Journal nor buy
a frame hive. P. A. Riegle.

Arlington, Ohio, Aug. 3tl, 1877.

My bees are roaring on basswood bloom ; we have a
very heavy bloom this year, the little fellows come in
loaded so heavily that they fairly tumble into the en-
trance. Enclosed find $5 lor comb fdn. Send by ex-
press, mail, or by lightning express would suit best,
as I am almost dying for it. My Italians fairly dance
when I set fdn. into the hive lor them.

Floyd Palmer, Hubbardston, Mich.

Inform me if you deem it practicable for me to buy
honey in the comb, trim it to tit section boxes secure-
ly, and after it has ceased dripping, get the bees to
fasten it in, and seal it up, in proper shape for mar-
ket ? I can buy excellent comb honey in this vicinity
at 12 ctB. W. G. PHELP, Mllford, Del.. Aug. 4, '77.

We have tried the plan you mention, but the
great difficulty is in getting comb honey of a
regular thickness, to produce nice looking
honey. Even if you should succeed in this,
you will find it a slow and dauby business,
and will likely conclude it is cheaper to let
the bees do it right in the first place, than to
have so much honey running about. Besides
unless the sections are given the bees wliile
gathering honey, they will uncap and remove
it more or less.

The crop ol honey from white clover was large this
vear. I have manv stocks that made 80 and 90 lbs. of
box honey. " E. Osburn.

Van Buren. Iowa, Aug. 4th, l!'77.

1877

Gl.EANrXCJS IN BEE CULTURE.

247

BUTTON BUSH.

I enclose (lower and leaf of a shrub, loiind tn this
•vicinitj-, growing hi marsliy places. It blooins early
4n July, lasts two or ttiree weeks, blossoms arc white,
•very fragrant, an<l engage the attention ot bees more
fully than bass w«o«l in lull bloom only a lew roils
■distant. Not knowing the name of the plant or its
value as ahonev piwlucer, I send ywi this sample.

J. B. IlAiNS, Bedford, <).. July «», lti77.

The plant is the Veph<thnithu^ Occklentaiis, or But-
ton Bush. It blooms same time as our Lindens, and
•8 visiteii freely by bees. " A. J. Cook.

Lansing, Mich., July 26, 1877.

I am using Gould's Common Sense hive; the frames
are SJ^xlO*^'. I have about fiO colonies at work, but do
■not succeed well in extracting the honey; the combs
1>reak badly. Have paid Gillispie SIO tor a farm right.
Has he any patent right on a double section or mova-
i)Ie frame hive ? VVoodavaki> & Wilmfoku.

Sylvan, Tus. Co., Ala., July '23, 1877.

Gillispie is a most notorious swindler, as
you will see by consulting our back Nos., and
the $10 you have paid hira is but a small part
of your loss, if you have really put bees into
Siives with frames as small as the size you
mention.

SUMAC.

Fdn. works to a charm; wc had only 10 days
f>{ honey yield while the sumac was in bloom. June
a.'ith to*25t"h. No swarms. Have divided only 2. All
but the very strong stands getting less honey than
they consnnie. yet we still hope for a big yield of
honev. Abnek Allen, St. George, Has., July "23.

Mv method of introducing queens is to take out
airthe combs, start the honey running pretty freely,
(irov> my queen into the hive, shake off a majority of
the bees in front of the hive, put back the combs and
the job is dene. I have never lost a queen in that
v\ ay", and have tried it some 20 times. 1 told one of
^iiy' neighbors who has kept bees 7 or 8 years, and he
.says be has never lest one in that way. 1 have taken
;iway -I laying queens this summer and introduced vir-
$<in queens in lu minutes, without loss; I smoke them
a little when the Irames are all back.

I (being but a very young Novice in bee-keepingl
with i/o« would try the experiment, and if good lor
anything give it to the public. If it will work with a
^ond strong nucleus it will work anvwhere.

W. P. Dakkon, Jefferson, Mich., July 12, IS".

Disturbing the bees, and causing them to
liil themselves with honey, will usually make
them peaceable to a queen, but not always.
Your success only verities what we stated last
month, that queens would be received all right
without any introducing, in a majority of
cases.

The following illustrates so well the troub-
les and trials of both purchasers and produ-
cers in the bee business, and is so extremely
lifelike, especially in the success that crowned
the efforts of both at last, that we give it
entire.

I sent to Parker, of Goldsboro, X. C. for a queen;
the cage came through with some bees in ii but no
queen. I sent the cage back to him just as I received
it, stating the case to liim and he sent me another
Mueen by return mail. She was a beauty, clean and
bright. I took the black queen out, bung the cage
containing the (jueen in the hive over night, took out
one comb of honey and turned her loose on it; slie
made seme kind of a squeaking noise and every bee
on the rack fluttered its wings and ran around as fast
as It could. She crawled down among them, when
they oeean to sting her. I caught hold of her, and
one of them stung me on the linger. I think they
would have killed her in a few minutes if 1 liad left
them alone; I put her back in the cage and left it in
the hive twenty-four iiours longer, when I took the
<uige out, closed the hive, and turned her loose in the
mouth of the Live. She crawled in all right, and the
third day I found her all right and laying eggs. I
have sent to Parker for one more; if they ))rove pure
lie will get several orders from me. W.G. Ckaig.

Clearmont, Mo., July 25, 1S77.

Does it make any differen<-e whether frames run
from side to side or irom Iront to rear!-' liax Mr.
Mitchell a patent l»ive ? He sold some in our county
and gavv instructions by wliich a great many bees
have b«.M>n kille<l during these last two years. The
tjueens which I got from Mr. Hale of Wirt V. H., W.
\'a., are all pure I think ; he sells what you want and
is lair in d'.'allng; wouhl recommend him to others
who want early queens. Nal. I). I'KICU.

Myerstown, Pa., Maich 20, 1877.

I cannot discover that it makes any differ-
ence at all, which way the frames run, and I
have carefully examinedthe workings of hives
of both kinds. Mitchell has a knack of tak-
ing people's money without rendering any fair
equivalent, but I had not before heard that his
teachings resulted in the death of the bees.

Our bees have done well. \Ve have 10 bbls. that
hold over 40 gals, each, and another bbl. full yet in
the hives, all nice white clover honey. We extracted
from 58 hives. J. L. WOLFENDON.

Adams, Wis., July 21, 1877.

Last year my bees did no good at all, but now they
are giving me all J can do to keep the honey out of
their way. I have never seen new honey so thick.
It is with difficulty that we can extract it at all. It is
gathered Irom honey dew, which is more abundant
than I have ever seen it. Why is the iioney so thick,
or is it coinmon when gathered Irom this source ?

I have about loO colonies, most of them Italians and
hybrids. Am pretty well satislied that the halt breeds
are the best honey gatherers. W. t\ Lewis.

Baldwyn, Miss., May 31, 1877.

The extractor which you shipped me on the ICth
inst. came to hand all right, two days later. It worked
like a charm, and I am much pleased with it. I have
7 swarms of bees. Lindeu has just commenced blos-
soming, and I have extracted as follows:
July 13th 60 lbs.

'• 17th 35 "

" 18th 50 "

Total 145 "
More than twice enough to pay for the extractor.
Enclosed please find SI ; 25c. is due you on the ex-
tractor, and 75c. is to induce the "machine" that mails
Gleanings to remember me once a month the bal-
ance of thu year. W. Z. Hutchinson.
Rogersville, Mich., July 19, 1877.

I lost 5 hives out of 1(1 of black bees last winter, but
none of 17 hives of Italians. I don't refer this to any
hardine?s of the latter but to their greater fertility.
I think I have tbe best stock of Itallars in America.
I have taken over 1,200 lbs. of white clover honey this
vear, and have had 14 swarms ol Italians, but not one
of blacks. Some of my neighbors lost half their
black bees. J. H- Onev.

Dixon'^ Springs, Tenn., June 16. 1877.

I hope to have a favorable report to make this fall.
Last fall I had increased from 12 to 31, and got a little
over six hundred lbs. of honey, mostly comb. I ex-
perimented with some by. using sections without any
honev board, and succeeded so well that I shall do
avvav with honey boards altogether, although I was
using one but 4 of an inch thick, with 4 2.inch holes
in it. H. A. Palmer, Madora, la., April 4, 1877.

Honey boards are so much a thing of the
past, that I believe they are scarcely known
now, in our modern apiaries.

And now, friend Novice. I come with my discovery.
Sometimes, alter we have hived bees, they take a no-
tion to leave us the empty hive. Now, say we are
within 50 yards of the hive when they commence to
come out, "all that is to be done is to throw a cloth
over the hive or stop it up, and the bees are saved.
One-half of the swarm may be out. but it confuses
them so that they seem to become bewildered, and
settle as when flist swarmed. I told one of my bee-
keeping l'rien<ls about it, and he says he has saved
some bees by it; in fact, has not lost any since, i
have failed in one or two instances in saving all the
bees when I was late getting to the hive, but never
liave lost a whole colony sir.ce I commenced the prac-
tice, and til is is the second season. A. T. Doyle.

Darksville, Mo., July 3, 1877.

348

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

1 never handlad bees until this summer, but 1 like it
very murh. At first I was very much afraid of thera. put
;i bee hat on, ami was in lots erf trouble. The first svvarm
I divided. I put in a ne-v hive, three frames of which I

COLONIES THAT WON'T BE QUEENED.

I have been keeping bees for three years to no pur-
pose. Fir^t tryinsrone man's plan and then anoth-
er's until I have laecome disgusted with bees, my ad-

had lilled with comb, but heinti inexperieneed, did not | visers, and finally with myself. A bwarrn came out

know how to fasten it securely, Hnd when ready to take
off the sticks I found the comb in one fnime rolled up in
the bottom of the hive. I condude<l I mi^ht as well be-
Kin then as any other time, so I trave the bees a fev puffs
of smoke and ommenced. The v hofl fastened the comb
in two of the frames all ri^bt. I took the sticks off and

on the 23d of May last; it swarnved again in a short
time, then again in July, and the whole lot now i&
not. equal to one good colony. The first swarm that
came out. swarmed again about this tinoe ia July
leaving it (lueenless. i have given it a frame con-
taining eggs and brood from other hives every two

{)ut them back, but when ready to take out the comb, I i weeks and no queen yet. I gave it a queen cell at

could not see very well, and so took ofT my bee bat. for
>?ettin'j; to put on anythins? else. 1 strai;j:htened the comb
on a cloth, and fixed i', all rii?ht iti the trame this time,
with the bees on my hands and hice- I thought onc« of
pinchini? one to see if they had anything to sting with.
My wife ^ays she thinks I give them rather too much at-
tention ; getting up in the morninz to see if they have all

one time and that was soon destroyed by the beeg. 1'
have enquired from the knowing ones about here and
all the consolation I get is "yon should take
Gleanin'G8." So here goes for one dollar in Glean-
ings. Send me what yon think i» best, past, present
or future Vol's, to nive me a start in the right direct-
ion, and if I can learn anything to my advantage you

gone to work, and looking, the last thinir at niiiht. to see i may consider me a constant subscriber

that they have all returned safely, .and she wants to know
wht-ther I have them all named. Tney all like honey. ]
found a sm ill swarm hanging over the w.ilk. on the 1st of
•fuly. I hived them, and put in a board, givmii; them only
5 frimes. Did I do ridit? E. B. Blackman.

Hudson, O., August 1, 1877.

Quite right.

covers of calico for hives.

Have you ever used muslin or calico for covering
beehives? I use it and thins there ii nothing to
equal it. I stretch old muslin over the top and tack it
along the edges, then put on two or three coats of
paint and 'tis done and will last, lor years. It should
not be drawn too tightly, as in shrinking it is liable
to crack. There is nothing better for Hat to;iB, m It
ean't leak. R. Nickerson.

New Canaan, Conn., Aug. 6th, 1877.

Our objections to such would be that they
are easily injured. A (/ood board cover never
leaks, and it requires only the same painting;
as does the calico. A board is stron°r, sim-
ple, and neat, and you must have a board,
even if you do use the calico.

WHY MRS. S. A. FHILr'S BEES S5IOTHERED.
SEE I'AGE 179.

It is probable that when Mrs. P. closed the entrance
ot ihe hive to prevent the bees coming out. they
crowded the entrance so as to exclude all air ; and this
in a hot day would soon smother a strong s-.varm.
Had she raided the hive immediately alter opening it
she would probably have saved a part, at least, ot the
bees. Trie writer once experimented with a refracto-
ry swarm to prevent their leaving, by raising the Ironl
of the hlv^, just enouih for a worker bee to pass but
not enough for a queen. Out came the swarm and
circled In the .air, out the (lueen remained, and the
bees returning soon, went to work all rljht. Well, 1
had "struck ile" sure, and a few days liater, having
another sivarm bound to leave for the woods, 1 re-
))ealed the experiment. The weather was very warm
and, it being a large swarm, some began to smother
and drop down clo-ing the entrance; and on looking
to them shortly after, I found them all smothered.
Well, that swarm didn't leave for the woods, but it
exploded that theory.

J. A. Robinson, Battle Creek, Mich.

J. G. Rice, Peosta, Iowa, Aug. 6th, 1877.
Our excellent friend Townley, the "chaft*"
man, has just paid us a visit, and several of
I us called on a neighbor who is new in the
\ business, but very successful in raising queens,
\ and when there, he said he was finally going;
I to confess that he had a colony he had beeu
trying to "queen" nearly all summer, but they
would neither build cells, nor accept a cell, or
queen. 1 told him they had a queen with bad
wings, but he declared they had not, for he
had looked them over, and if there was any
sort of a queen, he certainly should have seen
her. The hive was soon open, and in a twink-
ling each haJ a comb, and these were handed
about, until all seemed satisfied, that no queen
existed in the hive. This was somewhat puz-
I zling, for the bi-es behaved precisely as if they
had a queen, and I oegan to watch their move-
ments, to see if they would not indicate by
their manner, where or what the queen was.
At length I saw them extending their antenna*
to what appeared to be a rather dark slender
bee, and soon was satisfied she was the cause
of the whole trouble. She was in fact one of
those worker queens — see page 205 — and to
prove to my companions that she was held as
a queen, I tried in vain to make her protrude
her sting as I held her by the wings ; and af-
terward held her above the bees to show how
they would all gather around her. You will
have to be guided in fludiug such queens al-
most entirely, by the movements of the bees.
No matter how weak your bees were, if they
had laying queens, you should have had no
difficulty at all, in building thera up strong.

Is It the difference in climate that makes It necs-
sary for bee ral;?ers at ihj North to give so much at-
tention to their bees V I seldom look into my bees
from one extracting time to another ; all winter they
.stand in the garden without, any attention whatever,
(1 have just now come In through the garden, stop-
ping as i passed to i)ull the weeds from 2 or 3 hives,
HO as to let the beeb in and out), and yet they nourish
and I do not chink of moths since 1 have Italians. In
extracting I pay no attention to brood, and comb fdn.
would be useless to me. as my bees will take an emp-
ty liive In a good season and All it lull of comb and
honey in iJ weeks. J. H. Onev.

l>ixon'.s Springs, Tenn., July 2,i, 1877.

Now, my friend, if you are satisfied with
having a new swarm fill their hive in two iceeks,
you certainly are easily satisfied, for with the
fdn. we cm have a colony ready for the upper
story in about three dnya, with a fair yield.

In the spring of last year, I paid Mitchell's asrent at
Holland, Mich., 10 miles east from thl< place,, $1.25 for
the "Directory," back numbers Includeii. About mid-
summer I received the Ai>ril number, which Is all I
have seen. 1 also pj.ld S8 for the "A<'justable Bee
Hive and Farm Right." tor which my only receipt is a
tin cfteck. I wrote Mr. Mitchell concerning these
things, but without receiving a reply. I thereupon
wrote to a friend of mine at Indianapolis, a student;
at the Medical Institute, requesting him to go and see
Mr. Mitchell. His replv was as follows: "Mr. N. C.
Mitchell is not in bis bflice, and appears not to be in
the city. I have however spoken to one of his ac-
quaintances, who will see him as early as possible
about these thing-*. As soon as I shall have received
information, I will let you know." Up to this mo-
ment no information "has come to hand. Neither
docs Mr. Mitchell reoly to his agent at Holland. By
means of Gleanings I supposed there might be some
chance of hearing something from him. J. Els.ma.

Vriesland, Mich., Marcb 28, 1877.

We have had a good How from basswood and clo-
ver; since basswood tiave nearly starved. This
morning buckwheat begins to come. Have taken lOo
lbs. from some colonies. J. J. Swartwout.

Union City, Mich., Aug. 7lh, 11:77.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

249

lur %eimh

-Luke,

Do good aiMl lend, hoping for nothing again
«; 35.

fjHE above may sound like rather novel ad-
vice to be given for the purpose of mak-
~^ in» money, but I do verily believe it
would, if fully carried out in the true spirit
in which cur Savior uctered it, prove one of
the most efficient modes of money making that
has ever been devised ; and many are the men
of great wealth who have all their lives been
i!u the habit of giving generously, whenever
they saw an occasion where money would do
the recipient good, and not harm. Perhaps
little has been known about it, btcause they
gave for the express purpose of doing good,
and not that the deed might be heralded
abroad. It pains me to hear hard things said
about those who get large wages ; that they
get it by dishonest means, that their employers
pay them so much because they will uot scru-
ple to use falsehood, etc. I believe it is a rule
that will hold good almost invariably, that
where an employee tells falsehoods for his mas-
ter, he will very soon tell them to his master;
and I can scarcely imagine an employer that
would prefer a hand who he knew would tell
fa'sehoods for expediency. Everybody loves
truth ; I do not know of a single exception,
and yet why, O why, are we all so untruthful \
On page 108 I spoke of a Bible cla^s that I
liad started in the jail. For some time the:
»Joys sefiined to be rather annoyed than ;
otherwise, audi many times seriously ques-
tioned whether it were well to keep on after
«ny humble fashion. Bye and bye, the three
prisoners succeeded in removing a stone from
the jail and tscaped. They were captured
however, and brought back just in time to
avoid missing a single Sabbath Bible class,
and I meditated quite a little in regard to
what was my duty in the matter; should I
say anything to them about their adventure of
the week r I finally decided to say nothing,
but to go on with my work precisely as if
nothing had happened, only I took particular
pains to draw from the iesson a strong moral
on the importance, beauty and safety of bow-
ing humbly to circumstances as we find them,
and of obeying the laws of God, and the laws
of our land. About that time one of them,
the ringleader in the jail breaking and the on-
ly one who would probably have to go to the
State prison, seemed to soften somewhat. I
dually found him willing to talk, and willing
to speak of his former life, but he continually
insisted that the fault was in some one else,
and not in himself, all through his checkered
life. He had b^en wronged, first by one and
then by another, so he said, and the provoca-
tion was so great that he thought he was ex-
cusable, nay, he even thought he would do the
same thing again, under like circumstances.
I read to him about rendering good for evil,
and going back over his history, asked him
what he supposed would have been the result,
had he consented to being imposed upon, as he
stated it, and to having his rights trampled
on now and then for the sake of peace. I tried
to tell him of the beauty of the life of a peace-

maker, and of the glorious victory that can
be achieved by heaping coals of fire on the
heads of those who despitefully use us. He
admired bravery and daring, and I lent him
the history of Moody's early work in Chicago.
Strangely enough, he had heard Moody while
in Chicago, and little by little, he began to
lose his hold on old things. It was a happy
day for me, I assure you, when he consented
to plead guilty, and go to the penitentiary
again — he had served out one term before — if
the laws of our land made it right that he
should. Then his eyes began to open, and he
saw how he had all his lile wronged innocent
people, saw that the world he had all along
called hard and unfeeling, had used him far
better than he deserved, and with an entire
new purpose in life, he declared that should
God see fit to restore him to liberty, he would
try to make amends for his past misdeeds.

At his trial, instead of trying to make him-
self out an innocent man, he plead guilty, and
was sentenced to 60 days imprisonment only.
During the 60 days his Bible was his constant
companion. He is now at liberty, and has
been in my employ for the past two weeks, is
a most excellent hand, goes to our mission
Sabbath schools on Sunday, and to our young
people's prayer meeting during the week, and
bids fair to be an entirely new man. His old
companions are left entirely, and his evenings
are spent at home with friends who are most
deeply anxious that he should continue in the
new path in which he has started.

Now I will teil you why I have mentioned
this much of him. When he told me freelv
of his old life, I asked him to tell me if he
I could, when and wheie he tirst did that which
J he knew to l)e wrong. It was in using a pair
of scales that he knew weighed falsely. The
first time he did this, he said he felt so badly
about it that he did not get over it for many
days. I need not tell you that this cheating
in weighing was done solely for the purpose
of getting more money, or rather for getting
money faster. Did he really get more money
in the end? Pretty soon he could cheat with-
out feeling troubled at all about taking the
hard earnings of the poor innocent women
who sold him their poultry. Did you ever try
to raise chickens to sell, my friend? If you
are a woman, and have many household cares
to weary and exhaust your strength, you can
fully understand how these sisters of yours
toiled for the hard earned pennies that two
strong men unfeelingly appropriated by false
weights. Chickens die and get lost as well as
queens, and you who know so well about the
vexatious and trials of selling queens for a
dollar, perhaps had better try getting dollars
by the chickens, if you would get a fair view
of the injustice my friend was addicted to.'
Just contemplate how far he had strayed from
the sentiment conveyed in the little text, "Do
good and lend, hoping for nothing again."
Does that leave any chance for selfishness?
Suppose jthese two had traveled about the
country with the purpose of doing all the good
they could as their first and primary object,
and making the getting of money secondary ;
which plan would have been most profitable ?
Do you-not guess how their business turned
out ? In a very short time they li'aveled only

250

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Sept.

in the night time, and did not pay for their
load of produce at all ; and bye and bye they
cheated their friend in the city, who tooli their
ill gotten gains oft' their hands, and then a
quarrel came on, and the iron arm of the law
restored peace and tranquillity. Liberty, that
great blessing that (-jmes direct from the
Father Himself, was taken away, and long
weary days of bondage paid the debt. Did he-
not have time to meditate, and to see that hon-
esty is the best policy V Yes, he had time, but
I fear that instead of being sorry that he did
evil, he was only sorry that he got caught,
and when restored once more to liberty, he
was soon among old companions. "Lead us
not into temptation, but deliver us from evil."
Docs the world half realize the meaning of the
prayer that so often passes their lips 'i

Everybody is ready to admit that selfishness
is unprofitable, whfn carried, .to too great an
extreme, but how many are there who have
the courage to boldly cast their bread on the
waters in the way our Lord has commanded
us to do ? It is very easy to talk about ii, and
to make good resolutions, but when you are
annoyed very much by having your tools bor-
rowed and not returned, it is a pretty hard
matter to obey the injunction to "Lend, hop-
ing for nothing again." Sometimes there
seems no other way than to get off by one's
self, where we can tell that Heavenly Parent
all about it, just as a tired child would come
home to its mother, just to tell of all its griev-
ances and troubles. How it raises us up, and
how everything clears away after such forti-
fying. "Yes, I can keep lending them things,
audi am glad to be able to help them ; I have
so much to be thankful for, and they seem to
have so little. It is true, it is all or nearly all
their own fault, but if they have no faculty
for getting along, I presume it is my duty to
help them," and we are all cheerful and pleas-
ant again.

It is so natural to be selfish, and so unnat-
ural to be looking out for the good of other
people, that it were strange if poor humanity
unaided, should ever make much progress in
the direction pointed out by the text.

This season the water tank at our door has
had an unusual amount of patronage. So
much so, that I began to fear the expense of
ice and attendance was rather more than I
could aflord to stand. To add to this, the boys
have seemed moro rough with it than usual,
and it has several times been broken down,
bruised and misused in various ways, until it
almost seemed as if forbearance ceased to be
a virtue. They also waste a great deal of the
water, when it costs us so much time and
trouble. What pains me more than all, is,
that they will persist in swearing, while gath-
ered around the tank awaiting their turn, un-
til it almost seems as if it, by some strange
freak, provokes oaths and curses. Over and
over again have T, almost in anger, declared
(mentally) I would furnish water no longer
for such an ill-mannered and ungrateful set,
but soon after the sight of some wearied child
or woman, as they timidly asked if the water
was free to all, made me ashamed of myself,
and I thanked God for giving me the oppor-
tunity and means of helping poor tired hu-
manity, to even so much as a cup of cold wa-

ter. As I write, the cups are j,ingling, anc!
those who go away look refreshed and thank-
ful, even if they do not say so. God knows
all our trials, and the pay that He sends in
the way of peace and thankfulness, is worth
more than all the silver and gold that was ev-
er coined. I finally made up my mind to bear
the expense for the season alone, if necessary^
and to cultivate that broad charity and pa-
tience that is needed in all Christian work, as
well as I could in my own humble way, when
right in the hottest part of the weatuer, our
townsmen seemed to remember, all at once as
it were, that something more than kind words
was needed, and when the words came along
with a shining half dollar, I almost had to
turn my head to keep away the tears ; tears of
joy to think my Heavenly Father had remem-
bered me after all, and of shame to think I
had h'Jd such unkind and unjust thoughts ol
my own fellow townsman. Aye, and the
prayers for those who would persist in taking
God's name in vain, are being answered too,
as I purpose telling you about in another chap-
ter.

Now please do not understand that I expect
you to get rich by supplying your fellow'
townsmen with ice water, for I have no idea
that you will get money enough to pay for
much more than the ice used, to say nothing
of the care and trouble ; but I do expect that
such an institution in every town would do so
much good, that it would open the hearts of
all, in time, and most especially of the one who
bears the responsibility of the whole institu-
tion. The morals of the town will be im-
proved, and very soon, as a natural conse-
quence, the prosperity ; and th'3 one who has
shaken oft" the o!d Adam of selfishness euougi>
to take delight in laboring for the good of the
community, will, if he is enterprising and in-
dustrious, "make money," if he wishes to, and
I think he will make a great deal more than
he can possibly, by grasping all he can from
a.11 sides, for his own individual use. God
does not see fit to pay us all right down in
cash every Saturday night, but he, neverthe-
less, does pay more surely than any earthly
employer.

While I would earnestly recommend giving
freely where we have reason to think good
may come of so doing, 1 would in no wise en-
courage a disposition to be lavish and loose
in disposing :of one's property. Giving care-
lessly, or injudiciously, or being slack in tak-
ing care of your property, is almost if not
quite as grievous a fault as selfishness. If a
neighbor has borrowed your tools and does
not bring them back, do not abuse him behind
his back, nor yet to his face, but tell him
plainly how much trouble his negligence has
caused, and do it all with that genial good na-
ture that never oftends. Get him to assent to
the idea in the abstract, and instead of apply-
ing the matter to your own individual case,
make him understand that it is for the good of
the neighborhood. Teach your children, your
hired men, your friends and relatives and all
about you, the importance of respecting the
ri9:hts of others, and of holding a borrowed
tool as something saered. If a tool gets ru-
ined, do not, for the good of your neighbors, if
' nothing el^e, let, the matter drop, but allow

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

251

him lo make it good as best he can, or even
tell him his duty in the matter if you can do
it and still be friends. Be friends anyway,
whatever it may cost; you can really "fight"
for your property in a ft-iendly way, it' it must
be done, and you can save ever so much more
by the power of kindness than you can by
hard words or "clubs." I confess I am very
far from being e<tual to all emergencies of this
kind, but now and then I get a view of the
clear blue sky, of a frame of mind "away up
high," where we can do and say all that needs
to be done iu this world of ours, with not on-
ly a pleasant look, but with a kindly feeling in
our hearts for everybody. May the kind Fath-
er lead us all up higher, and help us to forgive
the debts of others, as we would have our owe
forgiven.

%cm^ %dunin.

>^^UR bees have done well on clover; we have 12
HI) bbls. lull, each holding 40 or more gallons,
^^^^ which we are anxious to sell. I always consid-
er your "Honey Column" the most valuable part ot
<ii.EANiNGS asit tells us where we can sell our huney.
J. L. VVOLFENDON, Artams, Wis., Aug. 7.

We kept up the honey column as long as
anybody would tell how much honey they had
for sale, and what price they wanted for it.
Even you have neglected to say what price
you are willing to take for your 2% tons of
hotey.

'WIIVTK21 K;>iT«AlVCES, STRETCHING OF

FDN., SHIIPFilMG AND SELLINO

HONEV, Ac.

SN March No., in an article headed "Our own apia-
ry," you say, "Perhaps a half dozen of our L.
, hives were left with no entrance blocks, and ev-
ery one of these showed an unusual quantity of dead
liees: we are well satisfied that the entrancee should
1)6 closed up small, tight and warm, lor winter, and
would favor a siD^le auger hole, a little above the
bottom board.^' Now, how large an auger hole would
you recommend? Prof. A. J. Cook says a strong col-
ony of bees need nearly as much air in winter as in
summer. If the hole is too small, would there not be
<^langer of suffocation i*

Vou recommend sheets of fdn. to be cut so as to al-
low V inch space at the sides and % at bottom. I re-
ceived 7 sheets of you cut "Ihusly," the bees have
worked them out and most of them are filled with
brood, hut all are as pendent as a clock pendulum, be-
ing attached nowhere but at top. They have, how-
ver, lengthened so that they nearly "touch bottom
S)ar, but the spEce at each side i? now % inch or more,
lit would spem that what the sheet gained in depth it
lost in width. I would think from this, that the sheet
ought very nearly to fill the frame in width.

In August No. you refer to shipping crates for box
honey, but do not say who will furnish them, nor give
cost of them. You can probably make them cheaper
and better than many of your readers, so let us know
about it. Do you have the cases returned when emp-
ty ? Do the section boxes sell at gross weight or
must the weight of each section be known and de-
Uuctetl when selling ?

What is a tin separator as you use it ? Is it a piece
of tin set edgewise between each Irame of sections?
Sf 80, it seems to me that this arrangement would
isolate the bees too much for rapid work.

D. B. Baker, RoUersville, O., Aug. <)th, l»77.

If the entrance for summer is large, I would
not have the auger hole over ^4 inch for a win-
ter entrance. Friend Cook was speaking of
ventilation for bees in-doors, when he said they
needed nearly as much iu winter as iu sum-
mer, if I mistake not. fie has given the result

elsewhere, of an experiment in which :i colony
out-doors had the entrance sealed up air tight,
by ice, yet they did not sutt'er. If you have a
porous covering over the cluster, such as chaff
or even a cloth ([uilt, you may close the en-
trance as tightly as you wish in cold weather.
Bees very seldom, if ever, smother when win-
tered out doors, but they often sufier from
having the dampness from their breath freeze
around or on them.

Your sheets of fdn. behaved thus, probably,
because the wax was of hard and firm texture.
Where cut as you mention, it, iu a majority of
cases, just touches the sides and bottom bar
when finished, and your bees will eventually
All it out at the ends if we are not mistaken.
In deciding on the size for the sheets, we have
preferred to have them hang as a pendulum,
rather than have them touch and bulge.

I carelessly omitted to say in my description
of the honey case, that we could furnish them,
glass, paint and all, for 50c each. The ex-
press companies return the cases without
charge to the shipper, so that there is no ne-
cessity for keeping a large number of them on
hand. Of course the section box is sold with
the honey ; no one ever objects to the very
thin light pine pieces of which they are made.
An engraving of the tin separators and the
way in which they are used, was given iu
our April supplement. We see little, if any,
dittVrence in the yield of honey, whether the
separators are used or not, and I have given
the matter a pretty thorough test, both this
year and last. If you wish to get a high price
for yoi:r honey, do not think of omitting the
separators.

IMFORTIIVG QIEENS iROITE ITAIiY.

WHAT TJIEY COST, HOW THEY LOOK, AND ALL
ABOUT 'em.

OxN the Clh of June we sent $^2.oO to I).
\i Tremontani, and just 60 days afterward
^^ received 15 queens, 14 of which were
alive. The express charges on them was
$24.o5. You will see that the queens cost us
in Italy about $2.10, from which it seems that
Tremontani charges more for dollar queens
than we do. If we undei-stand the matter,
these queens are simply young queens that
have just commenced to lay, without any re-
gard to stock. We would by no means find
fault with our friend Tremontani, for it must
be remembered that he has to prepare and
guarantee safe delivery of them all, across the
ocean. Ours were very carefully packed, with
three little frames of old thick honey ; in fact
they had honey enough to last them around
the world ; but for all this, many of the bees
were dead, and several of the hives contained
not a single live bee except the (|ueeu. The
entire expense of shipping was ^1.(54 each, so
the queens cost about $3.80. If we count out
the one dead one we may safely say |i4.00, and
I believe ours was a very fortunate shipment.

The queens I think were a'.l young., for they
had very good wings, and flew freely as soon
as let out of the boxes. Several of them flew
while being introduced, and although I had
little fear of their not coming back, I assure
you it is rather trying to one's feelings, to see

252

GLEANmGS IN BEE CULTURE;

Sept.

queens that cost so much money soaring away
up in the blue sky. They all came back final-
ly, although one that flew away late in the
evening staid out all night. I presume she lit
somewhere to rest, and became so chilled that
she did not take wing again until the sun
warmed her up next morning. About this
time I took to clipping their wings and stopped
the fun, but they seem to have a great fancy
for flying in the open air, after their long sea
voyage.

Well, I introduced the whole 14, besides 6
more that I got of friend Blood, at about the
same time, without any loss ; did I not do
well ? It has been said that imported queens
were more dilficul''. to introduce than others,
but I have not found it so. They were all in-
troduced on the plan given in the ABC;
some were let out as soon as received, and
were laying next day ; others were let out the
day after, but some had to be put back several
times before the bets would let them "abide in
peace."

The one that was gone all night was caged
nearly a week, and she was taken out of a
cluster of bees perhaps a half dozen times.
As she was a very bright, active queen, you
can imagine somewhat the expression of my
face, when I found her in the nucleus hive next
morning. I had been feeling so badly about
her loss, that I lay awake in the night, resolv-
ing to clip the wing of every queen in the
apiary, as soon as they commenced laying, no
matter if a few customers did object. By the
way, dear reader, do you know how awful bad
a body does feel after losing a valuable queen ?
If you reel it has been partly through careless-
ness it makes it ever so much worse.

Do you wish to know what they are like ?
Well, they are of all sizes and colors, and just
about as diflerent as queens would be if you
picked them up at random around home.
Some were large and fine looking when re-
ceived, and some were very small, and looked
like queens just before being fertilized. When
Ihe workers hatch out I will tell you what
they are like.

As all the queens I have received from I)a-
daut have been quite dark, I was somewhat
astonished to find so many of these quite light,
and yet I sent no request for light ones, for 1
■would just as soon have the dark ones myself.
If they produce as energetic honey gatherers
as those received of friend D., I shall be
abundantly satisfied. There was one in the
lot received of friend Biood, that is as light
as almost any queen I ever saw, and as her
workers are even lighter than our albinos, we
regard her as quite an acquisition. Her bees
are also unusually large, and we have com-
menced already to rear dollar queens from her.
All larva; sent out hereafter will be from this
queen.

Now I suppose most of you are ready to de-
cide that imported queens can be furnished for
<^5 00 ; and so they can in fact, without any
trouble, if we sell them as friend Blood does,
without any guarantee of safe delivery, or
anything of the kind. One more point ; our
neighbor Rice has an imported queen bought
of Dadant, that he thinks produces bees rath-
er smaller than usual, and hardly feels satis-
fled with her. Our neighbor Pratt has one, or

rather had, that only laid eggs a couple of
weeks, very few at that, and then died. If I
sell you these queens and they turn out thus,
some of them, shall you stand the loss or shall
I? If I must make them all good — proliflc,
young, nice bees, of good size, and guarantee
safe delivery, in short make all satisfactory —
I am afraid I should have to have f 7 as i)a-
dant does. I know that most of you prefer
light colored queens, and some of you "scold"
like everything if you get a dark one for a dol-
lar queen. It might be diflScult to furnish im-
ported queens having all these good qualities
for even $20. After having given the matter
some study, I have decided to furnish import-
ed queens just as we do dollar queens, without
any guarantee at all, for $5. At this price, all
you have to do is to buy another and try again,
if the first one should not please you. For f6
I will send you one I have tested in my own
apiary, and guarantee safe arrival, fertility,
etc. To do-this, I shall have to keep quite a
number in ray apiary the year rouncl. The
latter I can ship at ouce, at any time, except
during severe winter weather, but the former
only during the importing season.

The, Subscriber offers for sale at

Cedar Creek, N. J., the entire APIARY of the late Dr.
Kimpton, consisting of

^O Colonies of

Also, one Honey Extractor, Honey Pails, Section Boxes,
Barrels, &c., &c. Terms cash or approved paper.

0 Cedar Creek. N. J.

100

FOR S&LE AT

for orders of five or more. Sinsle. 36.00. Lanzstroth hive,
size of frnrne, inside ITxii'o. Stroni; colonies in a perfectly
healthy condition, plenty of stores.
9-10 ' ALBERT POTTER, Eureka, Wis.

I will mail hybrid queens reared from imported moth-
ers, for 50 cents, safe arrival sruaranteed. These will
produce pure drone.<i, and the vcorkers as honej gatherers,
are nearly, if not quite, equal to any.

A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

You cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
"Dear nte what a bother — I must have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it come?
and you can sit down happy, any time you wish to find
any thing you may have previously seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders tor Glkanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for 50, 60, and 75c, ac-
cording to quality. For tabic of prices of Binders for
any Periodical, see Oct. No., Yol. 2. Send in your
ciders'. A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

\977.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

S5B

B in PI. FITIF-IXTS *"OK BEE CUf/riTRE AL-
PHABETICALLY AIIBAKWEB.

For descriptions of Hio various articles, >pf> our tenth
ledition circulnr found in April No., Vol. V., or mail-
ed on ivpplicuiion.

This price Mst to be taken in place of those of former
»flate.

Mailable articles are des-ivrnated in tlio left hand col-
cMsn of fissures", the figures ginnj? the amount of i^sfage
venuired-

Canada postage on mervhattdine is limited to 9%
OK., ami nothing can be sent lor less than 10c.

B E K3 .
Bees, full colony amply provided for winter, in
our new two stor>', chaff hive (described Nvvv. and
Dei'.No's .. 'Vfi), tested queen from imported mother,
safe arrival itu:ir:mte(»d. . (I>awn hive $1 more.) . .$15 00

■^he same in a 1 stury Simplicitv hive la (K)

The same in old style L. hive with portico, etc VI W

The same with hybrid queen 10,W

^fot provisioned for winter (hybrids in old hive) 7,00

Two frame nucleus with tested queen 5 50

The same with dollnr queen t 00

For an im[X)rted queen in any of the above, add S.5.00
We think we can prepare bees for ship ninp safely any
month in the year; when we fail in so doing, we will give
due notice.

0 I Binder, Emerson's, for Glfaninos 50,60,75

I Balances, spring, for siisper.ded hive ((K) lbs) 8,00

to I Blocks, iron, for metal cornered frame making 15

One of the above is given free with every 100 frames, or
ItX 0 corners.

I Barrels for honey, 52,50 ; waxed and painted ft^.'SO

Buzz-saw, foot-DOwer, compl-et^ ; circular with cuts free
on application. Two saws and two gauges included. S;55''«^
tt I Buzz-saws, extra, 6 in. 1..^0; 7 in.. 1. 75; 8 inch. . 2 00
fiO I Buzz saw mandrel and boxes complete tor C> inch

I saws 5 00

I The same for 7 and 8 inch saws (not mailable).. 8 00

1 Comb Foundation Machines complete ^10 to 100 00

I Comb basket made of tin, holds 5 frames, has

I hinsed cover and pair of handles 1 50

00 j Chaff cusliinns for winterimr fiO

25 1 Chaff cushion division boards 20

Half pvicB without the chafi, and postage 5 and 9c.
JO I Candy for bees, can be fed at any seijson, per th. 17

20 I Corners, metal, per hundred 75

to! » " top only 100

15 I " "• bottom, per hundred .W

On 1,000 or more a discount of 10 percent, will be made,
and on 10,000 25 iier cent. Tlie latter will l)e given to
Ihose who advertise metal cornered frames.

I Corners. Machinery comjili^te f< r making 250 00

5^0 I Clasi^s for transfernnc, package of 100 25

0 I Caitis, queen re'-'istering. |)er doz. fie, per 100. . . 40

1 i Cages, wood and wire cloth, provisioned, see p. 21 i <5
ti I " " " per doz 50

2 j Cheese cloth, for strainers, per yard. 10

E.2 I Duck, for feedimr.and covenntr the frames — bees

I do not bile it — oer .vd. (-29 inches wide) 20

I Extractors, according to size of frame $7 50 to 10 t]0
1 ■' inside and gearinsr.inchidinghoneygate 5 00
I " Hoons to go around the top (per doz. f5.) 50

7 J Feeders. 1 q't, tin. can be used withoiit open-
1 ing the hive, in warm weather— neat and

simple 10

25 1 The same. () qls, to lie used in upper story.. . 50

4 I Frames with Metal Cornerf 05

5 I " " Sample Rabbet and Ciaf-ps 10

18 'Galvanized iron wire for grapevine trellises

I per lb. (about 100 feet).. 20

0 I Gleanings. Vol's 1 and II, each 75c., Vol IV 1 00

0 1 " Vol. Ill, second-handed 2 00

0| " first four volumes neatlv bound 5 00

fi I " *• " " luibound 100

r(0 I Gearing for Extractor with supporting arm.. 1 50

25 I Gates for Extractors tinned for soldering. . . 50

SIMPLICITY BEE-HITE.

One body and 1 cover in the flat, as sample to work
from— one sample frame and sheet of duck in-
cluded 1 00

One story hive for exrractor (body .'iOc — 2 covers
«TOc— nailing and painting 20c— quilt '25c— 10 frames
(!0c— crating Hie) .' 2 25

One story hive for comb honey is prrcisel,y the
same as the above, suV»stituting 2 frames of sections
for 4 metal cornered frames 2 25

The aliove 10 sections will be fitted with fdn., and
stiirters ready for the bees, for 15c, and the tin sepa-
ratoi-s added for lOe, making whole cf)m ulete 2 50

The above two hives contain everytliinij used in a 2
story hive. WesJmplynse another body tilled with frames
or sections, for a 2 stor.v hive.

For a 2 story hive for the extractor, add (to 1 story
'2. 25) body 50c— nailing and painting lOc— 10 frames

<50c— crating 5c, making complete 2 st)ry containl'ng

20 frames 3 50

For a 2 story hive for comb'hone.v ndd (tol story
2 25) body 50o — nailing and painting 10c — (> frames
of sections 78c— 1 metal cornered frame ()C— cratnig
()C, making complete 2 stary containing 7 frames aiid

64 section*. » ■. .3 75

If tilled yviih fdn. starters (!0c— if also tilled with tin
separators Vdv, making §4 75, if two latter items aro
wanted.
An upper story tilled with sections, fdn. starters

and all ready to be set over any L. hive 82,75

To i)repare the above hives 'or winter, \a\% in place of
the 2 outside frames chad cushions, price 20c each, ami
a thick one on top ;JOc.

Iron fnime to gauge size of above hives, and to
hold them true when nailing, size 20ixl('> niside.... 7-5
I Chaff hive for out uoornvinteking. 10
frames below, and 14 frames or 80 section
I bo.xes I 6ove, well painted and finished com-

I |)l(fte (Lawn hVve $1 more.) S5 00

If filled with fdn. starters and separators, $1.25 more.
Without frames clialT or paint, as sample lo work

from 2 50

These hive , if supplied with stores, will, we hope,
need no att( ntion whatever, from the time honey
ceases until it comes again the next season.

Two frame nucleus hive, neatly painted 50

0 I Knives, Hotey (M doz. for55 25,orS5 by Exp.) 1 00
i " ■' curved point §1.15.. per % doz fi 26

Labels for honey, in V)lue and gold, dirk bnnze and
gold, or in white printed in two colors, furnished
wiih .\ our own address, and source from which the
hor.ey was gathered, already gummed, jiost paid b.v
mail, (no order rec'd ft r less than 2uO). Ai ihesi;
low rates, the full innnber mentioned must lie or-
dered without the change of one single letter of the

t vne 1000. §3.25 ; 500, «2,10 ; 250, 81,80

0 I Lilhograjjh (if the Hexagonal Apiary S.t

I Lamp, Nursery for hatchiugqtieen Cells as built 5 00
0 I Lai vac, lor queen rearing, from June to Sept. 2.^
15 i Microscope. Compound, in Mahogany box... 3 UO
0 1 I'lepareil ot jects for altove, such as bee8^

I V ing. sting, eye. foot, etc.. each 25

0 I Med lev of Bee- Keepers' Photo's, (150 Photo's) 1 00

0 I Magni'jing Glass, Pocket P©

0| " " Double lens, brass, on 3 feet 1 OO

7 I Muslin, fnflian hca<l, for quilts and cushions
I per yard, pretty stout, I ut not gcod as duck. 10

I Parafine, for waxing barrels, pt r pound 20

0 I Photo, of House Apiary and Improvements.. 25
2 I Uabbetp, Metal per foot 02

SIXTION BdXl S IN THE FLAT, PEK 1,000.

Anv dimeii.sions not exceeding 2x5.\5 10 Co

T^ie above is 5ii enlie itches ; for larger sizes add 10c
per 1.000 fo- each additional cubic inch or fraction of an
inch, outside measure. Extra prices for Uss than .5C0.

Just light to tit in L. fr:n'nes,2x4itx4^' 0 £0

Sample by mail with fdn 5

If the grooving for holding the fdn. is omitted, 25c less
per 1,000. Sections weigh from 7 to W lbs per lOO.
10 I L. frame made 2 inches broad to hold 8 sections 5

25 I The same with 8 sections 13

25 I The .same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees 20

Adding tin separators to either of the above will in-
crease the price .5c, and the iiostage fie.
0 i Section boxes, fancy, hearts, stars, crosses, etc. each 5
5 I Sheets of duck to keep the bees from soiling

I or eating the cushions 10

\ Shipping Caf.es for 48 section frames of honey. .'.O

Salicylic acid, for foul brood, per oz 50

0 Scissorp, for clipping (jneen's wings 40

18 I Seed, Alsike Clover, raised near us. per lb... 25
18] '• Summer Rape. Sow in June and July. 15

OJ " I'hinese Mustard, per oz 25

18 " Mignonette per lb. (20c. per oz.) 1 5<»

18 " Mellilot. or Sweet Clover, per lb 60

\S Silver Hull Buckwheat (peck by express, 75c) 10

10 Smoker, Quinbv's (to Canada 15c extra) 1 .50

5 " Doolittle's : 2.';

25 I " Bingham's SI (.0, 1 £0, 1 75

2 I Tacks, Galvanized 10

5 I Tins for fastening glass in section boxes, 1000. .. 25

5 I Thermometers 40

0 I Veils, Bee, with face of Brussels net. (silk).. 75>
0 I The same, all of tarletan (almost as good)... ."iO

I Wax Extractor 3 5«

I (;e)i))er bottomed boiler for above 1 50

5 I Wire Cloth, for Extractors, tinned, per sq. It. 16

2 I " •' (^lecn Cages 12

Above is tinned. an<l meshesaieS and 18to the inch' •

3 I Painted wire cloth, 14 mesh to the inch, per '

.■■quare foot 7

All goods delivered on board the cars here at prices
named. A. 1. ROOT, Medina, O.

254

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

(0

« "^ o

O * .5 2
^ ^ .t; <^ CO

^ ^00 O o g

I. cTa^'-g
i Sgc5 3;§
O 3i^5„

« 5 '60

Jn ordering be sure to give outside dinicnsiuns of frame, and length of top bar.

^a-id"vei^tiseiw(i:ei>tts.

Advertisements will be received at the rate of 20
cents per line, Nonpareil space, each insertion, cash
In advance; and we lequire that every Advertiser sat-
isfies us of responsibility and intention to do all that
he agrees, and that his goods are really worth the
lirice asked for them.

FREE! FRIE! FREE!

We will send a sample copy of the Bee-Keeper's
Magazine, post-paid, to any person in any way inter-
ested in Bees or their Products, or in the apparatus
so successfully used in modern minafremont. Just send
vour name and address to A. J. ICING & Ct>.,
8tf 61 Hudson St., Wew York.

KTery Bee-keeper sbould subscribe for it.

The American Bee Journal

Is the best scientific and practical Journal of APICUL-
TURE in the world. The most successful and experienced
Apiarians in Europe, as well as America, contribute to its
pages. In fact, it is the oldest and largest Bee Paper in
the Eni;hsh lana^uage. S2. Per Annum. Send a Stamp
for a Sample Copy. Address THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
tf 18 1 Clark st.. Chicngo. 111.

CASH FOn BEES-WAX.

We are paying 30 cents per pound for yellow bees-
wax, in lots of from 50 to 5,000 or more pounds, deliv-
ered at Syracuse, or 31 cents, if exchanged for white
wax. If "you have any wax on hand, and can deliver
It at the above price, please do so, and we will send
vou our check on receipt of the same.

ECKERMAN & AVILL.
8-7 Wax-bleachers. Svracnse. N. Y.

We are receiving queens from the best districts in
Italy, which we will sell at So. each.

This price being very near cost no discount can be
given on the dozen.

Having ordered (pieens sent to us every two weeks,
we exi)ect to fill orders without delay.

We will deliver at express office here in box as le-
ceivtd, or forward by mail, as reciuesled.

No queens raised this season or circular issued.

Registered letter or money order sent at our risk.
C. W. & A. 11. K. BLOOD,
8tf r. O. Box 231. Qulncy, Mass.

Names of responsible parties will be inserted in
either ol the following departments, at a uniform price
of 10c each insertion, or 81.00 per year.

Names inserted in this department the first time with-
out charge. Ajter, 20c. each insertion, or ^i MO per year.

Tnose whose names appear below, agree to furnish
Italian Queens the coming season for Sl.OOeach. under
the following conditions : No guarantee is to be as-
sumed of purity, safe delivery, or anything of the
kind, only that the qneen be reared from a choice, pure
mother, and had commenced to lay when they were
shipped. They also agree to return the money at any-
time when customers become impatient of such delay
as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best queens, put
up neatest and most securely, will probably receive
the most orders. Special rites for warranted an'J
tested queens, furnished on application to any of the
parties. Names with *, use an imported queen moth-
er. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
*Wra. W. Carv. Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass. 3-2

*J. Oatman & Co., Dundee, III. 1-12

•E. W. Hale, Wirt, O. H., West Va. ti-ii

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md. 1-12

*Dr. J. V. H. Brown, Augusta, Ga. 1-12

♦Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis. 1-12

»Wm. J. Andrews, Columbia, Tenn. 2-2

*Aaron J. Weidner, Bigler. Adams Co., Pa. 4-U

*J. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y. 5-11

Miss A. Davis, Holt, Ingham Co., Mich. 5-4

D. A. Pike, Smithsburg, Wash. Co.. Md. 5-(>

*W. A. Kddy, Easton. Adams Co.. Wis. 6 11

*T. G. McGaw, Monmouth, Warren Co., Ills. G-9

*E; C. Blakeslee, Medina. Ohio. 6U'd

*A. I. Root. Medina, Ohio.

*H. H. Brown, Liiht Street, Columbia Co.. Pa. 7-G

*J. Shaw & Son, Chatham Center, Medina Co., O. 8tfd
*M. L. Stone, Mallet Creek, Medina Co., O. 8tfd

*J. H. Townley, Tompkins, Mich. 9-10

*J. R. Landes, Albion, Ashland Co., O. 0

*Wm. G. Baker, Norwalk, O. 9

We whose names appear below agree to sell a good col-
ony of Italian bees with tested queen, in new one story
hive, for 810,00. If in an old hive, §1,00 less. Safe arri-
val guaranteed.

A. 1. Hoot, Medina, Ohio.

J. H. Townley, Tompkins, Mich. 9-10

O. H. Townsend, Hiibbardscon, Mich. 9-11

m>^e 3i;aiiiifactiirers.

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

M. S. West, Pontiac. Mich. 6-5

Geo. W. Simmons, Newark, Del. 1-12

Isaac L. Parker, McMinnville, Warren Co., Tenn .'5-2

CL1MBEHSFOI6 BEE HfJlVTSNG, S2.30.
A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

§^hhd h tim§ and "i^mij,,

And Peace on Earth and Good fS^ill toward Men.

I^TJBXjISHEID nyCOlSTTHL^Z', -A.T UVEEIDHST-A., OHIO,

B"^ A.. I. I^OOT.

©®i@fe©^« ISf f®

'@® 10®

PATENT HIVES— "WHAT FRAME OR HIVE TO USE— SHALL WE TJSE AN EXTRACT-
OR, OR RAISE COMB HONEY?— ITALIANS— THE BEE MOTH— SPACE FOR COMBS
^FOUNDATION.

While I earnestlj- try to maintain a broad "charity for all, and malice toward none," and while
I do not wish to take upon myself the responsibility of dictating- a course for others, I feel it a
duty to discourage with all my might, both by precept and example, everything in the shape of
patented bee hives, or patents on anything pertaining to bee-culture. On the other hand I shall
try to encourage every one to do all in their power to advance the common gooiFof all. I do not
believe the world "selfish and yrasping," but have unlimited cmifidcnce in the disposition of our
people to desire to pay for everything they get, and to reward those \\ho work for them disintei-
estedly, when they once get a clear understan<ling of the matter. If you have made a valuable
invention or discovery, give it to the people reji lining that you have been enabled to contribute
your mite to the common good, and in seeing others happy, and sooner or later, you will surely
have your reward. Xfthina is natented in tiie shape of hives or implements, that ivelndvertisfl. s,^

I recommend tie Langstroth frame for everybody, and for every purpose whatever, in pref-
erence to aux-thing else, and I ha\e jjretty thoroughly experimented witli all shapes and sizes.
There mav be other forms that will give just as good results, but I do not believe there are any
better. For all general purpose, 1 ad\ ise the Sinii.liiity h\\Q holding ten of the above frames.
The hive is made of :'« lumber, and i< :.*()' i by It; inches outside measure. The Langstroth frames
as our gauges make them, are li's li>' ".''li outside niensure. As the chaff hive is the same thing
with au outer shell to hold the chalf that protects the hive from the winter's frosts, as well as
summer's sun, no confusion can result from usins' both in the same apiaiy.

Pi-oduce just whichever jiays bi'st in your own market, and no one can tell so well as you,
yourself, can by trying both ; you can perhaps i)roduce a nice article of extracted for. about loc,
as cheaply as comb honey for :ii)c. You can pmducc thin, raw, unripened honey without any
trouble for 10c. or less, but it will probably pay you best to give your customers an article as good
in every respect as that found in the nicest comb honey.

If your hives are all full, upper story ;uid lower, and the honey is still uncapped, put on a
third one, and neither let your bees hang out idly nor swarm, if it takes another story still. When
they get to crowding out, give then; room if you have to sit up all night to do it.

The comparative advantages of the black or common bees and Italians, is a matter that no
longer admits of discussion, and I must consider the very few individuals who write in favor of
the former as belonging to that class of unfortunates who stvm to delight ip being contrary. If
tons of honey are to be considered a proof, the matter has long ago been amicably settled in favor
of the Italians.

The bee moth need hardly be mentioned now, unless it is to ad%ise you to dri-\-e them out with
Italians, for whenever they come into a neighborhood, the moths get out without any farther
trouble or bother. This one feature alone, is enough to justify introducing lUilian queens in
place of the blacks.

The usual space allowed for brood combs is about 1 T-I6 inches, but the matter is not at all im-
poi-tant. They can be worked as closely asl?8, or as far apart as l^i. For surplus honey we
would have alK)ut 2 inches space from centi-e to centre of the combs.

Perliaps no one tiling in bee culture, ever brought forth such unbounded tokens of approval,
as has the comb I'oundatioii. All controversies are at an end and nothing now remains but to de-
vise ways and mcLUis wlu'ix'Viy the expense of its manufacture may be cheapened.

256

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Oct.

Contents of this Number.

ApiaiT of E. M. Hayhurst, Kansas City, Mo . .259

M\- ideas of tixiiifi- colonies for winter 259

California, and liow they do tilings there 260

Uniting- bees 260

Italians and long cold winters 261

Honej' for cooking purposes 262

Out door wintering, with 8 and 11 frame hives 262

Doolittle's report 2615

Imported queens 2ti;5

Queens that won't lay 264

Bee-hunting 265

Asters 2V2

Aphides 272

Basswood trees 271

Introducing queens 273

How to keep cakes of wax from cracking 273

Sweet clover 273

How to keep the queen out of the upper story — 273

Bees killing young workers 274

Color of drones 274

Wintering 274

Brood in the section boxes 275

Cross bees and the remedy 275

Value of pictures 275

Asilus, Missouriensis, or bee eater 276

Wintering in the South '. 276

Smothering bees 276

Honey in jars and vases, and embossing in

Honey comb 276

" Blasted hopes " 279

How to winter bees for 50c per colony 280

Grape sugar 272,280

Bread and molasses for bees 280

\oii cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Periodical with satisfaction, unless they
are in some kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
"Dear me what a bother — I nuist have last
month's Journal and ifs no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comer
and yon can sit down happy, any time you wish to tind
any thing yon may have prhvioiisl}' seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders tor Gleanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for 50, 60, and 75c, ac-
cording to quality. For table of prices of Binders for
any Periodical, see Oct. No., Vol. 2. Send in your
orders. A. I. ROOT, MeJina. O.

FOR SALE AT 85. OO EACH

f9r orders of five or morf . Single. 56.00. Lansstroth hive,
size of frame, inside 17.\i»/^. Strons; colonies in a perfectly
healthy condition, plenty of stores.
y-10 ALBERT POTTER, Eureka, Wis.

BYRNES' FOOT POWER MA-
CHINERY.

IN different machines witli which
jy Builders, Cabinet Makers, Wa^on
Makers, and Jobbers in miscella-
neous work "an compete as to Qi^ali-
TY and Price with steam power maii-
utacturiuK; al?o Amateurs' supplies,
saw blides, fancy woods and designs.
Say wliere you read this and send for
catalosue and prices.

W. F. & .JOHN BARNES,
6tfd Rockford, Winnebago Co., 111.

FILES for small circular saws. Something new.
Wifh these a saw can be made to do handsomer work
than ordinary planing. For sample of the work, see sam-
ple of the Section Boxes we are woic sending out. Files
mailed for 20c. each. A. 1. ROOT,'^ Medina, O.

Doolittle's Advertisement.

Having had many calls for wares irsed hi onr apiary,
' we have condiided to sell for samples, as below ;. that our
bee-keeping friends, if they desire, may have a pattern t&
' work by jn making them.

Doolittle's improved Gaihip hive wfth S& hoses and

cases and wintering arrangement all complete... ?6 25-
Standard Gallup hive with 21 boxes and cases all

complete 3 2»

The above are well painted, with tin roof.
Sample set of cases with 21 boxes that will fit any

frame hive at top 14x20 (outside measure) or

larger 2 00"

Sample case with S boxes 40i

Sample case with 2 boxes (by mail 16"c extra) 35

Sample boi ready to nail (by mail .3c extra) OJi

Tin tacks for fastening glass in honev boxes, sample

by mail 6 cts. ; per lOOO, lOcts. ; per SOOO, 35cts. ;

(by mail Sets, extra per 1000)

Block to nail boxes on (by mail .3ac extra) 1 5ft

Block to tin boxes on (bymail 25c extra) .50)

Address, G. M. DOOLITTLE,
lOd Borodino, Onondaga Co., N. Y.

lUlIAN^UEEmOUBEfALL

Unwarranted Queens, each §1 GO

Warranted " " 150

per ^ doz 8 00>

perdoz 14 00

Tested " each 2 5i>

2 frames, nucleus and tested qneen 4 50

Sale arrival of all queens guaranteed.
9-10 J. OATMAN & CO., Dundee, Kane Co., 111.

GLASS HOI^EY JARS.

1 lb. Round Honey Jars, Corks included, per gross . . §5 00»

HOr^EY TS-PIVieLERS. '" '^ ^^

NO COVER.
/J Pint, plain or ribbed 40 doz.

6 dozen in a package* Packing boxes 40 each.

}i Pint, plain or ribbed 50 doz.

6 dozen in a paek.age. Packing boxes 45eich.

HOP^EY TOlfieLERS.

TIN TOPS.

/3 Pint 65 doz.

6 dozen in a package. Packing boxes 40 each.

X Pint... 75 doz.

6 dozen in a package. Packing boxes 45 each.

Also, Window Glass, Lamp Chimnevs and glassware of
all kinds, for sale by B. L. FAHNESTOCK, late B. L.
Fahnestock, Fortune Co., 76 Wood St., Pittsburgh. Pa.
10-12d

Set Out mn MS ia the FALL

For $1.50 I will forward by Mail, prepaid.,

1 Elvira, retail price Si 00,

1 Taylor, " " 30,

1 Goethe, " " 30,

1 Wilder, " " 30,

(; Concord, " " 60, equal to S2 50.

Vines will b" sent in time fir Fall })lanting. One year
old Concord Grape vines at Sl5,00 per thousand, two year
old at §30,00 per thousand, delivered at the Express office.
One year old Concord vines by mail, preprid, 31.00 per
doz. Two year old Concord vines by mail, prepaid, Sl,50
per doz.

Reference, the Editor of this Journal.

Address, J.G.WARNER,
9-10 Clover Farm Vineyard, Butler, Bates Co., Mo.

ass wood Trees.

Young Basswood or Linden trees, securely packed with
some of their native soil adhering to the roots of each.

One foot and urder, per one hundred §2 00

" '■ " " " bymail 3 00

One foot to five feet " " 5 00

Five feet to ten feet " " 10 00

These will be taken directly from the forest as wanted,
and if planted any time after the leaves have fallen, until
the ground freezes, not one in one hundred should fail to
grow. A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

1877

GLEANINGS IN HEE CULTURE.

258

Prices Reduced.

I have best machinery and promptly supply

Pure Bees-wax Comb Foundation,

DRONE AND WORKER CELLS,
at followinK low prices. Made fiom yellow wax. in any
Quantity and sheets cut «, any desired size. ^^ ^^

1 to 25 lbs., sheets larger than 6x6 inches 65c

25to50lhs^ " '^ '„ ^. .. ■.'.'* 5)c

50tol00 1bs., " .. .. „ „ 50<-

100 to 500 lbs.. ., „ « « ■"■ 4«c

500 to 1000 lbs., ^ ^^ „ ..'■■■ 45c

1000 lbs. ormore ' . . ■■■■■.'„„„_

When sheets are .5x6 inches or '^^sm size add 10c per

3b. for extra work in cuttinjc and packine. If «««« iron

"'•^r SemiS^nf^ worked up to order for 25c
Berlb or for 5 12 of the wax. Highest cash price paid
for pu^e vellow wax. All freight or express charges to be

''If ffi'ed^r'S add 25c per lb. to above prices.

^ZfcTJi;?:^a'r,'$i^1n?prices of Queens, Bees Hive.
TJoYPs Fitractors &c., &c., sent free to all. It tells how
to inl'rSiu™ qul4ns,'how to use foundation, and gives
many useful hints. . ^ _ —

ITALIAN QUEENS FOR 1877.

I warrant safe arrivals of all my queens by mail.

„ , , $2 50

Tested queens, each -j3 ^

** SIX-. .".•.•....••••"•'"•"•*'• ' tj.2 AA

" « perdozen \ ^i)

Warranted queens, each •••• g ,|^

u " ^^rdozeni .".'." ".''■- 3^ «»

Dollar queens, each ,, -«

>• " perdozen :••• xi ou

A few choice imported queens, safe arrival «^^^^^^-_

FuU?olonksYtkiians'in""Ndh
the best adapted to all purposes and the easiest
to handle of any hive extant) with tested queens,
each

Sample Hive ,*""."' \t x-

J H NELLIS, Canajoharie. N. \

COMB FOUNDATION.

PURE BEES WAX.

Packed in neat wocden boxes-pni>er between every
„r. ci,<.<>*c |)er lb. per pcKir.

by freight or exp. 58c

two sheets.

lib. 6xr,. by ttail • 2^c

3 " 12x18 or SxK))^. by mail y »|Jt-

3

5
10
25

r,rt

100
fjOO
1000

.55c
.55c
.53c
52c
60c
4fic
46c

80.
1.2 40

1 75

2 75
5 .50

13 25
26 00
50 00
240 00
450 00

6 00

12 CO

4 00

Improved Quiuby Smoker.

Quinby's " Bee - Keeping Explained."
Bol material for as practical a box as can
be made. Glass cheaper than ever be-
fore Queens, Hives. Colonies, Extractors,
Hive Clasps, Bee Veils, etc. .

Send for Illustrated descriptive
cular L. C ROOT,

Mohawk, Herkimer, Co., N. Y.
4tf

White wax. 25C per lb. extra, if wanted, but we consider
the .vellow in every respect prefe.able; even for comb

'"I'hT.-idn. is k.pt in stock, in sheets 12x18 indies^ and
Sxl6>2 inches [exact ^i/e needed for L. brood frames I
packed in boxes cf 3, 6, 10. 25, 50 and 100 l))s. each, and
Lbij)ped only in these boxes at the above prices

T'here are 5 cells to the inch, and one P;'""'! of ^^
makes from 4 to J) square feet, of surface. The tbmnest
will be u.-ed h^ the bees, but is not '""de into comb as
quickly as the heavier, which has a gi eater depth of oc .

If 60 lbs. are wanted, send money for a 10 lb. box and a
no lb. box, &c. The difference in price '^^""b' enough to
cover the difference in cost o boxmg packmfr f-*--; ye i«
lb. boses, and packing, handlmgand nailm.^un fi^e box-
es cost much more ihan one oO lb. box, ana pacKing,
handling and nailing up one box.

As these packages are all put up ^nd Jcept ', stcK;K.
there can te ho variation, unless at an additional price.

Now mv friends, it you want all sorls of quantities, or
want t fui all sons of sizes, I will accommodate you w.ta
Til the nlea^ure in the world, for ten cts. pee lb- extka.
•^ Wax Vvil be worked up to order, and cut >mo ^^heeU. of
any size desired, lor 25c per lb. in quantities of 100 lbs. or

""we will pay 30c per lb. cash tor bright yellow wax, or

''itatovf prices we can pay no express or freight
charges either way, _

ComlD Foimdation Machines

For making 5 inches lor section boxeB - oO 00

Double Boiler for above machines, - |3 00, .3.50 ana i.w

""'^^'^^ol'iirjr^r. for ceils .f'^h If^A^^.
If drone s^ze IV anted, add «10, §5 and §;^ refepectivelr
to above prices The machines are all ready tor use,
^^Kfl^Jl^^n^ictionsw^^

We have sold ?;30.00 machines for making comb foun-

%ev. j'van Eaton, York, N. Y. .; Lewis Walker, Wu-
ri Cai G. M. Dale, Border Plains, Iowa; G.\\. Gates,
Bartlett, Tarn,; A. Salisbury, Camargo His. ; C. F. Lane.

Cir-

JBritisli Bee jroi:iraal5

l«. a larze beautifully printed, and profusely illus-
rrnfprf MONTHLY- clear type and fine heavy paper.
ItlscSct"d by CHArZesNASH ABBOTT, Fan-
la!^, >V London f England. Annual subscription,

^ We*wUl send It with Gleanings and pay all postage
for 82.50.

ITAtmttt BEES.

qSens bred early in the^e^ason.^SeM^or^cat^logue.

Augusta, Ga.

ytf

Wm. W. Cary, Colerain, Franklin Co^ Mass. Six-
teen vears experience m Propagating Queens direct
from imported mothers, from the best district in tab-
Persons purchasing Queens or S\varms from me will get
what they bargain for, '^^- ' ' '«"• ^ '" "■

C MrS.:MrD::&i."ch^rli^"Mich. ; T. G. Newman.
Phiciitro Ills • C. L. Johnston, Danville, Pa.
aIIoO (Sinch drone comb) machine to J. H. Nellis.

^Nhiffnch^$oO.-00 machines to C. R. Carlin Bayou
Goal" La.TJno. Hunter, 5 Eaton Mse, Ealing. England;
T R <;tpvf>nson San Bernardino, Cal. .

"^-Twelve inch $100.00 machines to C O. Perrine, Chicago.
Ills D A Jones, Beaton. Ont.. Canada ; J. Madory,
Lo= Angeles, Cal. ; J. H. Neltis^anapliarie. N. 1.

Send for circular.

3 in q.

CX.XJB33ING 3L.IST.

We will send Gleanings- . ,^(^. jm ra»

With The American Bee Journal (^.00 ?2.5«

W T»i(^ Rpp Keener'a Magazine (1..50) w

" Both The above Bee Journals of America 4,00
" British Bee Journal (S2,00) |.60

" All Three : • ' W V I" ld^"i^^, «>' 25

» American Agriculturist mm ^-^^

" Prairie Farmer 'sT-n -T'oi

" Rural New Yorker (|2..-.0 3,-5

" Scientific American '*^/.l'l;,--,;;V,«i'i^ri 75

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardenci (81.00) 1,7a
\_Above rates include all Foslage.i

258

GLEANmGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Oct.

E. TV. HALE'S

Price List of Bees, Queens, Etc., for 1877.

1 Full colony .. .. with tested queen $13 00

1 three irame nucleus " " " 5 50

1 " " " " dollar " 4 00

1 tested queen 2 50

1 untested '* .,■-.,■,.•-...--•••-•--••••••••••• ^ 00

A discount of 10 per cent will be made on all orders
of more than -SIO.OO each. All my queens are raised
from Imported Mothers, I only guaranteeing the sate
arrival of all tested queens within 1000 mll^. The
money must accompany each order, and all orders
will be filled strictly in rotation. My location enables
me to furnish queens much earlier than parties far-
ther north. Address,
2-lOd E. W. HALE, Wirt C. H., W. Va.

SQUARE HONEY JARS.

One pound«quarehoney jars, per gross ^ 00

Two " '' " " " " , 7 00

Corks, Caps, Labels, &c., at reasonable rates.
For further particulars address,

CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, O.

BOOKS for BEE-KEEPERS and OTHERS.

Any of th3se books will ba forwarded by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.

In buyina; books, as every thin?; else, we are liable to
disappointment if we make a purchase without seema;
the article. Admittms that the bookseller could read 8,11
the books he offers, as he has them fm- sale it were hardly
to be expected he would be the one to mention all the
faults, as well as Kood things about a book. I very much
desire that those who favor me with their patronage, shall
not be disappointed, and therefore, I am goinj? to try to
prevent it by mentioning all the faults so far as I c»n,
that the purchaser may know what he is getting. In the
following list, books that I approve I have marked witti a
*, those I especially approve* *; those that are not up
to times t; hooks that contain but little matter for the
price, large type and much space between the lines t ;
foreign §.

BOOKS BSPECIAILY FOE BEE-KEEPEES.

Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee**t 62 00

Quiwby's Mysteries of Bee- keeping* *t

Bee-keeper's Text Book*t muslin

" " '• " *t.... paper

A Manual of Bee-keeping, by J oliK Hunter*§ .
Manual of the Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook**.. .

Dzierzon Theor.v**

Ho w 1 Made §350 a Year with my Bees* ^§

How to make Candy**

Art of Saw-flling*t

Lumberman's Hand Book***

1 50
75
40
25
30
20
25
50
75

__ 15

Fuller's Grape Culturist** 1 50

MISCELLANEOUS HAND BOOKS.

Ten Acres Enough** 1 25

Five Acres too Much** 1 50

Tim Bunker Papers*. 1 50

An Eicg Farm, Stoddard** 50

Window Gardening 1 50

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor* 25

How to Use the Microscope* 75

Play and Profit in my Garden* 1 50

"Our Di'jestion," by Dio Lewis** 2 00

Onion Cult ure* 20

Potatoe Pests, by Prof. Riley** 50

Practical Floriculture* 1 50

Gardt ning for Profit** 1 50

Strawberrv Culturist, Fuller* 20

Small Fruit Culturist, Fuller* 1 50

Forest Tree Culturist, Fuller* 1 .50

How to Build Hot-Houses, Leuchar§ 1 50

Draining for Profit and Health, Warring 1 50

What I know of Farming, Horace Greely 1 50

liijurious Insects, Prof. A. J. Cook*** 10

Scroll sawing, Sorrento and Inlaid work *t 1 50

Moody's Best Thoughts and Discourses *t* 75

Moody and Sankey's Gospel Hymns, words only 06

" " " words and music, paper 30

" " " " " boards 35

Murphy Temperance Pledges, per 100 cards 40

Oie doz. above, as samples 07

American Pomology, Warder

Canary Birds paper 50 cloth

Farmer's Bam Book

Pear Culture, Fields

American Bird Fancier

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Bement's Rabbit Fancier

Bommer's Method of Making Manures

Burn's Architectural Drawing Book

Burr's Vegetables of America

Cooked and Cooking Food for Domestic Animals. . .

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets

Dana's Muck Manual

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 toIs. .

Gun, Rod, alfid Saddle

Harris on the Pig

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One

How to Use the Pistol

Jennings' Horse Trahiing Made Easy

Johnson's How Crops Feed

Johnson's How Crops Grow

Klipparts Wheat Plant

Leavitt's Facts About Peat

Mrs. Cornelius's Young Housekeeper's Friend

Plummers Carpenters ac d Builder's Guide

Skillful Housewife. . . . '

American Fruit Culturist, 'Thomas

Cranberry Culture, White

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard

Farming by Inches, Barnard

Gardening for Money "

My Ten Rod Farm "

Strawberry Garden " ,

Carpentry Made Easy, Bell

Fur, Fin, and Feather

Fish Culture. Garlick

How Plants Grow, Gray

Manual of Botany and Lessons, Gray

School and Field Book of Botany, Gray

New Cook Book, Mrs. Hale . . . . ".

My Farm of Edgewood

Ameiicnn Angler, Norris

Rhoflodendrons, Rand

Landscape Gardening, Downing

Guenon on Milch Cows

Sorgho, or the Northern Sugar Plant, Hedges

My Vineyard at Lakeview

Shooting on the Wing

American Wheat Cu Iturist, Todd

Cotton Planters' Manual, Turner

Practical Butter Book, Wiliard

Youatt on the Hog

Youatt on Sheep

Garden Vegetajjlos, Burr

Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, Do\vning

Complete Works on Chemistry, Leibig

Gnrdening for Ladies, Loudon

Riley on the Mule

Flax Culture (seven prize essays by practical growers)

Peach Culture, Fulton's

How To Paint, Gardner

Gregory On Cabbages paper

Gregory On Squashes. . . .paper

Gregory On Onions paper

Injects Injurious To Vegetation Plain, 84 00..

With coloied plates, S6 50

Gardening For Pleasure, Henderson

Hop Culture

Jenny June's Cook Book

Cotton Culture, Lyman

Manual Of Flax Culture and Manufacture

Parsons On The Rose

Potatoe Culture, (prize essay) paper

Money In The Garden, Quinn

Pear Culture For Profit, Quinn

Manual On The Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P. Roe

Farm Implements And Machinery, Thomas

Earth Closets, How To Make Them, Warring

Gardening For The South

Cranberry Culture

Practical Poultry Keeper, Wright

Peat And Its Uses

Hedges And Evergreens, Warder

Book On Birds, Hblden

Sorghum And Its Products

Taxidermist's Manual

Practical Trout Culture

Farming For Boys

Silk Grower's Guide

Painter, Guilder and Varnisher

Mushroom Culture

The Farmer's Receipt Book

The Model Potatoe

Apple Culturist, Todd

Youman's Household Science

3 00

75

1 50

1 25

30

1 75

30

25

1 00

3 00

20

3 00

1 25

5 00

1 00

1 50

1 25

50

1 25

2 00

2 00
1 75
1 75
1 50
1 00

75

3 75
1 25

as

38
1 50

38

38
5 00

50
1 50

1 25
3 00

2 50
2 00
1 25

5 50
1 50

6 50
75
50
25
75
50
50
00
00

1 00

2 50
5 00
2 00
2 00
1 5(1

30

1 50

30
1 50
1 50

25
1 50

25
1 50
1 00

50
1 50

1 00

2 00

1 25

2 00
1 25
1 50

25
1 50
1 01)
1 50
1 50
I 25
1 50

3 00
51)
50

1 50
1 75

r>E: voTi:i> to beijh ais r> honey, A]vr> hoimci: iivteiiests

Vol. V.

OCTOBER 1, 1877.

No. 10.

A. I. ROOT, ~)

Publisher and Proprietor,
Medina, O.

Publisbed Montbly. (-Tf^RMS: $1.00Per Annum in Ad-
> < va.nce; 3 Conies for $2.50; 5 for %3.75 ;

} Established, in 1873. ClO or more, 60e. each. Single Number 10c.

APIARY OF E. m. HAYHURST, NEAR
KANSAS CITY, MO.

ALSO, EXACTLY OUR IDEAS OF PREPARING BEES
FOR WINTER.

SI jn»R. EDITOR : — I believe Missouri has made no
Py|| claims to advanced bee culture, although it
m/^ must be regarded a honey producing state.
Bees thrive throughout its entire extent and are care-
fully attended to in various parts. 1 believe however
no single county has as many large and successful
bee-keepers as this county of Jackson. I have now
in mind seven persons who keep Irom .50 to 150 colo-
nies each, making bee culture their principal care.
Among this number I have no hesitation in placing
Mr. Hayliurst in the lead ; not because he keeps the
most colonies, (for he keeps only abouf, 75), but be-
cause he keeps in line with all the modern applian-
ces. I believe no valuable suggestion from any of
your numerous contributors has been neglected in
his practice. A visit to his apiary interests, if it. does
not surprise all amateurs. His hives, all of the Lang-
strolh pattern, in purest white, are arranged in hex-
agonal form at the distance of 7 leet from centre to
centre, with a grape vine (yet small) growing on the
west side of each. His honey house, adjacent, con-
tains his implements and hcney. I notice therein,
his queen nursery whereby he has been enabled to
furnish a large number of Italian queens this season.
He tells me he intends to produce largely the coming
year, and your readers in this locality will know
where to find beautiful Italians. I hope he will suc-
ceed in getting a fine imported queen from you to
raise from.

One feature in Mr. Hayhurst's success I deem par-
ticularly worthy of notice; and that- is the wonderful
fiopulousness of his colonies. In addition to the very
argp. amount of mature bees in and about the liives. I
saw in numerous instances eieli*; Irames with the ca-
pacity of 60O0 cells each, all filled with brood to the
verv corners.

He supersedes his old or lazy queens before his col-
onies become weakened, and by uniting his small
stocks keei)s all up to their highest working capacity.
Ihia feature enables him to obtain large quantities of
surplus honey, averaging nearly luo lbs. per colony.
Hi IS not runuing his apiary for increase, but for hon-
ev: and althougn he sells some colonies he does not
!;'i)or for their disposal. The strengtli of his colonies
a' solutely prevents moth depredations and bee rob-
ling— two fruitful sources of loss to bee-keepers gen-
eraily.

1 I hink the method of wintering which he has so
euccpssfully practiced for several years, especially
worthy of commendation. On occurrence of frosts
which prevent honey gathering, he thoroughly ex-
an ines each hive and p'sces it in winter quarters.
This is done by removing all supers that have not
previously been removed, together witli the two out-
side irames of the brood chamber. Should these out-
side Irames contain brood lie changes it with some
other colony; otherwise lie stores it in his honey house
for future use. He. at the same time, equalizes the
stores of all his colonies, allowing each to retain
about 30 lbs. of honey. The 8uri)lus frames not un-
usually containing in the aggregate, upwards of 500
lbs. of nicely capped honey (for if a single frame is
not perfectly cajiped he eiilier exchanges it with one
that is or extracts it) are buspendod in his honey
chest and again used as occasion requires, to stimu-

late brood raising in early spring. On either side,
next to the bees, he places a division board, of same
size of the trame, leaving a space of about one Inch
between outside of the hive and division board, which
space is filled with very fine dry hay or gra^s, not dis-
similar to your chaff cushions. A super filled with
the same material or chaff, vvhich is prevented by
means by means of duck or old carpet from getting
down among the bees, finishes their covering for the
winter. They are then left with contracted en-
trance on their summer stands and lie has not lost a
colony thus prepared for wintering, in years. Even
nuclei winter safely thus prepared.

It is worthy of remark that the more populous the
colonies the less proportionate amount of honey is
consumed, and bees lost in winter. By frequent ex-
aminations in early spring, he keeps posted in regard
to their cnndition, and to such as are getting short in
stores, he restores a frame of honey keot for the pur-
pose. He thus fed upwards of 300 "lbs. last spring, and
in consequence had his stocks full and strong at com-
mencement of the honey season.

Perhaps I am telling his secrets, but as he had no
hesitation in disclosing the same to me, I think
some of your readers may possibly profit by his expe-
rience. And here let me say, that on his returning my
visit he particularly examined your section boxes,
remarking that he believed he would get up machi-
nery and manufacture similar ones for bee-keepers In
this locality. As he is a thorough mechanic, I advise
you to file a caveat for your patent at once, or you
certainly will have competition in their manufacture
shortlv.

I shall visit him again ere long, and such further
disclosure of importance as he mav make I will com-
municate. S. W. Salisbury, Kansas City, Mo.

Friend S., you have done us all a great favor
indeed, by your excellent letter. The advice
for vpintering, or rather for preparing bees for
vpinter, gives my ideas so exactly, that I do
not know how I can improve on it by the ad-
dition of any remarks. Getting the bees on
as few combs as possible, then having the
chaff or hay come close up to the bees, is a
point that I would particularly emphasize.
To do this, of course we must give strong col-
onies more food, and more room, in the spring.
And to do this just as it should be done, our
friend has a good supply of filled combs on
hand for the purpose. Having these reserve
combs fxll of honey, every one of them, is an-
other bright idea. Then when you give a col-
ony a comb, you give them more room, and
more food, both at the same time, and when
you feed tht^m, you feed them enotigh. My
friends, if you want my ideas in regard to
wintering, and in fact in regard to bee-keeping
in general, you have it in the description of
friend Hayhurst's apiary. The perusal of it,
has given me new life for the work of prepar-
ing for winter, and if I follow it right out, as
I now feel like doing, I do believe that I — and

260

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Oct.

you too my friends — can winter our bees with-
mit losing one colony. Let us sell or destroy
our surplus queens, and double up until all
are sironsc -colonies. Now crowd the bees on
to six or seven combs, put in your soft hay or
chaff division boards at the sides, put a foot
or more of the same over them, tuck them up
snugly, and feed until these six combs are
bulged with sealed honey, unless they are al-
ready bulged without the feeding. Make the
entrance small, and then just let them alone,
until next April or May, letting them fly out
and enjoy the sunshine, whenever they wish.

One word in regard to 7 feet between the
hives ; we have always had ours 0 feet from
centre to centre, and have never had any rea-
son to wish the distance greater.

^ ■»■ m

CAI.IFOKNIA.

FEEDING, CANDY VERSUS SYRUP, THICK HONEY, &C.

/ip|K UR bees have to be led largely, and from trial I
ll 1) flnd the same weight of sugar made into candy
^^ lor them, will last more than enough longer to
])tty tor the extra work— if it is extra— of making the
candy Instead of feeding syrup. Another thing aside
from cost, is the ease of feeding— and certainty of
knowing when the candy is gone by simply raising
the cover, or opening the door of the hive wiihout be-
ing obliged to take out the frames to txamlne. As we
do not want them to store an ounce of sugar in their
combs beyond just enough to carry them through
alive until new honey comes, we will let candy serve
us and it any be left not eaten when they begin to
gather lioney, we can quickly take it away and store
it safely until wanted again— if ever, it is almost an
impossibility to feed licjuiU food without setting rob-
bers at work, even when one does not open a hive
until near sunset and works until dark.

Jn the proceedings of our county association, I no-
tice the impression seemed to be that the bets were
strong and the recommendation was made to sulphur
all the stocks one could not afford to feed. It strikes
us that if a thorough examination be made, there will
be enough weak and queenless stocks in any apiary of
any size this year, to admit of uniting dovi'n to a res-
pectable number.

The season has been so very bad that bees went
contrary to all previous ideas of tlieir habits, which
lurnished a very uselul lesson.

The most thoroughly learnt lesson, and the one not
likely soon to be forgotten here, is not to extract Irom
the main frames near the end cf the season, and not
to be caugiit without honey enough on liand all the
lime to teed if they need it. At the close of ordinaiy
seasons the hives are filled almost solid with honey, of
which little is used before the new crop begins to
come in, the result being that hivts are honey bound
and do not get strong until late in the spring.

To obviate this, it is best to use the extractor as
soon as the manzinita— our fiiSt honey plant— comes
in bloom, and take the honey irom all the main frames
tl;at are free from brood. At that eeason of the year
bees work every day, but stocks are weak and the
honey cold— too cola to throv/ out without artificial
heat. Manzinita does not bloom until 3o days alter
the first /leai'j/ rain— usually December, so that one
gets at work extracting during Jauuarj', when the
heat at mid-day is about 05°. Oar honey can not be
thrown out unless the thermometer stands at about
75^ lor several hours, wliich we do not get often du-
ring the winter months.

I have a large box arranged to hold £0 or more main
frames, as nearly air tight as may be, and deep enough
to apply heat at the bottom without danger of melt-
ing. I heat with hot bricks. Three or four tied to-
gether with stout wire and set on the bottom of the
oox will soon i un the temperature up to about 85^ to
!X)^, at which lieat it should remain about an hour be-
lore trying to extract. A common table, with a hole
2 inches wide and a foot long, cut out of the middle,
running lengthwise, is used for uncapping the combs.
The caps and projecting bits of comb drop through
this liole in tlie table into a box with a coarse wire
cloth bottom, and this rests on a can to catch the hon-
ey. The cappings and bits of wax will drain pretty
clean in a lew hours and* may then be washed and
put into the wax extractor.

AVax is extracted here by the heat of the sun and to

do It, we make the same kind of a machine that is
used lor straining honey. A box with a V shaped
bottom, deep enough to hold two strainers and large
enough to have a 4 light sash 10x14 glass cover the
tops. The sash is the only movable part, imt a hole
with a spigot is put in near the bottom to draw clT
the honey. Two light frames are made to fit the in-
side of the box, over which common burlap sacking
is tacked. The strainers are fixed about 3 or 4 inches
apart. The wax is put on the upper strainer and sash
put on when in a few hours you will find the wax all
melted and gone from the upper strainer and resting
nicely cooked en tlie under one, while the honey
down in the bottom of the V is ready to draw ofi'.
Wax taken in this way is pretty well cleansed and
usually very bright and pretty. Of course it requires
re-washing and re-meltlng iuto moulds before it is
ready for market.

\Ye have long had comb carriers, similar to the one
you make of tin, only ours are first made of a light
strong frame, covered with burlap sacking, the cover
being of the same, tacked on each edge, with a round
stick sewn in the other edge, the cover being wide
enough to go clear over, the slick holding the cover
down. Our carriers are made to hold 5 or 6 frames,
but about 4 Is all a man cares to carry at once. In-
stead of handles like those of a water pail, we nail a
strip of wood on each end to carry by. These handles
can be grasped by the full hand.

Syrup made of two pounds of light brown sugar to
one pourd or pint of water boileil and skimmed. Is
pretty thick lood for our climate, but the water will
evaporate in the hive to a certain extent.

The honey dew mentioned in a previous letter did

not prove to be of much service as it lasted only an

hour or two in the morning. Hives do not seem to

get heavy very last where it is the most abundant.

G. F. Mekkiam, San Luis llej, Cal., Aug. 1(5, 1877.

UMTING BEES.

^^^^OU often recommend uniting weak stocks. I
1if[ have some of that sort and wish you would
aj^i oblige me by giving, in next number, a good
bine as to your method ot doing it. Would not the
bees go back to the oid stand i Tbe only way I can
see, is to do it, and risk their going back.

Ed. Notlee, New Orleans, La., Sept. 7th, '77.

Uniting colonies, is much like introducing
queens, inasmuch as no flxed rule can be given
for all cases. It is a very simple matter to lift
the frames, bees and all out of one hive and set
them iuto another, where the two are situated
side by side. Usually, there will be no quar-
reling, if this is done when the weather
is too cold for the bees to fly, but this is not
always the case. If one of them is placed
close to one side of the hive, and the other to
the other side, and they are small enough for a
vacant comb or two between them, they will
very rarely flght. After two or three days, the
bees will be found to have united themselves
peaceably, and the brood and slorts may then
he placed compactly together, and your chafT
cushions put in at, each side. If there are
frames containing some honey, that cannot be
put in, they should be placed in an upper
story, and the bees allowed to carry it down.
You should always look to them 20 minutes or
half an hour after they are put into one hive,
to see if everything is amicable on both "sides
of the house." If you find any bees flghtiug, or
any doubled up on the bottom board, give them
such a smoking that they cannot tell, " which
from t'other," and after 15 or 20 minutes, if
they are flghtiug again, give them another
"dose," and repeat until they are good to each
other. I have never failed in getting them
peaceable after two or three smokiugs.

If you wish to unite two colonies so large
that a single story will not easily contain them,
which by the way I feel sure is always poor
policy, proceed as before, only set one hive
over the other. If this is done on a cool day,

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

2G1

and the bees are kept in for two or three days,
few, if any, will go back to the old stand. If
the hives stood within 6 feet of each other, they
will all get back without any trouble any way,
for they will hear the call of their comrades
who have discovered the new order of things.
Sometimes you cau take two colonies whilt
flying, and put them together without trouble,
by making the lost bees call their comrades.
Actual practice and acquaintance with the
habits of bees will alone, enable you to do this,
and if you have not that knowledge, you must
get it by experience. Get a couple of colonies
that you do not value much, and practice on
them. As I have said all along, beware of rob-
bers, or you will speedily make two colonies
into none at all, instead of into one.

WHAT TO DO WITH TUE QUEENS

If one of the colonies to be united, has been
several days queenless, all the better, for a
queenless colony will often give up its locality
and accept a new one by simply shaking them
in front of a hive containing a laying queen.
From a hive containing neither queen nor
brood, I have induced the whole lot to desert,
and go over to a neighboring colony, by simply
shaking a part of the bees in front of it.
These were so overjoyed at finding a laying
queen, that they called all their comrades to
the new home, and all hands set to work and
carried every drop of honey to the hive with
the fertile queen. By taking advantage of
this disposition we can often make short work
of uniting. If you are in a hurry, or do not
care for the queens, you can unite without
paying any attention to them, and one will be
killed ; but, as even a hybrid queen is now
worth 50c., I do not think it pays to kill them.
Remove the poorest one and keep her safely
caged, until you are sure the other is well re-
ceived by all the bees. If she is killed, as is
sometimes the case, you have the other to re-
place her. Where stocks are several rods apart,
they are often moved a couple of feet a day
while the bees are flying briskly, until they are
side by side, and then united as we have di-
rected. This is so much trouble, that I much
prefer waiting for cold weather. If your bees
are in box hives, I should say your first job on
hand, was to transfer them. If you have sev-
eral kinds of hives in your apiary, you are
about as badly off", and the remedy is to throw
away all but one. My friends, those of you
who are buying every patent hive that comes
along, and putting your bees into them, little
know how much trouble and bother you are
making yourselves for the years to come.

In conclusion, I would advise defei'ring the
uniting of your bees until we have several cold
rainy days, in Oct., for instance, on which bees
will not fly. Then proceed as directed. If you
have followed the advice I have given, you
will have little uniting to do, except with the
queen rearing nuclei ; and with these, you have
only to take the hives away, and set the frames
in the hive below, when you are done with
them. If the hive below is a strong one, as it
should of course be, just set the frames from the
nucleus into the upper story, until all the brood
has hatched. If you wish to make a colony of
the various nuclei, collect them during a cold
day, and put them all into one hive. If you
have bees from 3 or 4, they will unite better

than if they came from only two hives, and you
will seldom see a bee go back to his old home.
A beginner should beware of having many weak
colonies in the fall, to be united. It is much
safer, to have them all strong and ready for
winter, long before winter comes.

ITALIANS, AND I.ONO COLD WINTERS.

^ H AVK 1200 lbs. honey, three-fourths of It box, this
mi summer from 30 hives of bees. Very dry. No
^ rain worth having since June.

Have a thumb half paralyzed for a month past, the
result of t'vo of the "UphtnlnK tlirust " stings of the
hybrids. Has any one else had a similnr experience ?
The thumb Is now improving. This is a lillle dis-
couraging alter a dozen years linndllng bees of all
kinds. Would almost as soon attempt to run an api-
ary of black hornets, as an ajilaiy of hylnlds ; and yet
they are very line workers. But the best yield of hon-
ey 1 ever had from one hive, was '20U lbs. extracted
from one of the purest, brightest, gentle^.t llaliaus I
ever owneci. I don't want any more hybrids.

Hadn't you better go a llule slow in rec<immending
Italians, for our climate, with its loiu/ winters ?

The natural habitat of the Italian is a far milder
climate than this, where they can lly every mouth in
the year, and shutting them up 5 or 6 months of the
year is quite a different tiling.

I have spent much money upon Italian queens, and
have had borae beautiful Italians, over which I was
quite enthusiastic, and of course, I have had all
grades of vicious hybrids.

If I lived a few hundreii miles south of this, I would
keep noiliing but pure Italians, but here, I now keep
rone but blacks. I had good Italian queens, most of
them from AUani Grimm, but I never, I think, suc-
ceed in keeping an Italian queen and swarm through
two winters, while I lost most of them the Urst winder.
This, when the blacks beside them were going
through about as usual. Finally I unwillingly gave
thom up. My neighbors, who tried Italianizing, had
a similar exp'erience and all gave them up.

The most extensive and successful of Minnesota
apiarists lost '.200 swarms of them in one winter, and
was forced to the unwelcome conclusion that they
would not stand our winters nearly so well as the
natives " to the manor born." Perhaps I should say
that I always winter in cellar.

J. W. MuKKAY, Excelsior, Minn.

Your position in regard to the wintering of
Italians, is certainly one peculiar to your.self,
friend M., or at least to a very few bee-keepers.
The matter is one that was frequently brought
up a few years ago, but scores of reports
through our Journals soon decided that black
bees died just the same as the Italians. The
yield of honey you mention, from a colony of
pure Italians, is enough better than what the
blacks do, to pay for buying new stock every
year, if we could do no better. If I am cor-
rectly informed, many of your Minnesota api-
arists gave up bees entirely, both blacks and
Italians, after their extensive losses. If such
was not the case, why do we hear no more of
their large yields that used to make such sen-
sations ? It is true the Italians are natives of
a warmer climate, but for that matter so are
all bees, if I am correctly informed. I do not
think extensive experiments will show the
Italians any less hardy, but it is very likely
true that black bees will be less afl'ected with
dwindling, because they are less liable to go
out of the hives during unseasonable weather
in the spring. By using hives that are not ea-
sily warmed through by every transient bit of
sunshine in the early spring, I think we shall
avoid the dwindling in a great measure. Will
our friends in Minnesota who have both kinds
of bees, please state whether the impression is
general, that the Italians have been in any way
more affected by the recent wintering maladies
than the common bees?

262

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Oct.

HONEY FOK COOKING PURPOSES.

^jPI^NE of your correspondents tells of selling honey
III M ^'^^ ^ ^^^' ^ pound. I use honey in place of sugar
^>!!*^ for cooking and my visitors think it is as nice as
sugar and lor some things nicer. It makes splendid
raspberry short cake and lor black berries is far ahead
of sugar". I will send you some receipts that Mrs.
Ellen S. Tupper used for years, slie says they are all
good ; the plain cake I know is, and I shall try the
grapes this lall. We have to payl3cts. lor brovrn
sugar here. Mrs. S. A. Philp, Clare, Mich.

To PRESERVE GRAPES WITH HONEY, TakeTlbS.

of sound grapes on the stem, the branches as perfect
as possible, pack them snuglj' witliout breaking, in a
stone jar. Make a syrup of 4 lbs. of honey, 1 pint good
vinegar, with cloves and cinnamon to suit, (about 3
oz each is our rule) boil well together for 20 minutes,
skim well, then turn boiling hot over the grapes and
seal immediately. They will keep for years, if you
wlbh,' and are exceedingly nice. Apples, peaches
an<i plums may be done in this way.

Another way. Pick grapes from the stem and pack
into a jar until it is lull. Then turn cold honey over
them until they are covered well. Seal up without
any heat, ami keep in a cool place. After a few
months they will be found to be delicious. All kinds
ofliuitmade into jam, with honey instead of sugar
are nice. Thi se who are fond of honey consider
'•butter" made in this way nicer than when made
with sugar.

Ginger SNAPS. One pint honey, ,^ lb. of batter, 2
teaspoonfuls of ginger, boil together a few minutes,
and when nearly cold put in flour until it is stiff, roll
out thinly and bake quickly. (I would use 1 teaspoon-
ful of soda.— S. P.)

Honey cake. One cup butter, 2 cups honey, 4 eggs
well beaten, 1 teaspoonful essence of lemon, }i cup
sour milk, 1 teaspoonlul soda. Hour enough to make it
as stiff as can ivell be stirred, bake at once in a quick
oven.

Honey fruit cake. Four eggs, 5 cups of flour, 2
cups of honey, 1 cup sweet milk, 2 teaspoonfuls cream
of tartar, 1 teaspoonful soda, 1 lb. raisins, 1 lb. cur-
rants, J4' lb. citron, I teaspoonful each cloves, cinna-
mon, and nutmeg, bake in a large loaf in a slow oven.
This will be nice months after baking as vs^ell as when
tresh. (I think she must have forgotten the butter,/
would use 1 ieacupful.)—ii. P.

FROin AN OL,D FRIENB, WHO HAS J5JSF
COME BACK INTO OUR RANKS.

MERE I am, alive and buzzing yet. Now don't
make nauglity faces, for I liave not bothered
, you for a few years. We began this season

tvith 3 colonies of bees, doubled them and took rather
more than ){ barrel honey, extra thick and clear.
Of course that is nothing to brag of; but I am going
it slow and sure this time, that is, if I can go sure.
Have just safel}' introduced two queens bought of
E. C. lilakeslee. I have never lost a queen in intro-
ducing, after I got her into the hive. Have intro-
duced quite a number for myself and neighbors in
last few years. I once let one go from the-cage on a
comb of brood. She took a turn or two among the
hi es and thtn flew away witliout even saying good-
bye ; that vfiia the only queen I ever lost in introdu-
cing. A few days ago I "took up" a colony of bees
tor a box liive neighbor, as ho had no brimstone
handy; I was to have the bees, and he the honey. I
found they were hybrids, being dcscendiMl from the
first )nire Italian queen I ever owned (which by the
way was ;i pi esent to me from Novice). I never had
a queen that I valued as much, and only one that was
her equal, and that one ought to have been a good
one for it took H. Alley. 18 months to rear it.

In August Gleanings, page 2lti, in describing your
shipping case you say "The two sheets of glass can be
purchased anywhere for about 12 cents." Now I have
bought, in Medina, only a few doors from you, v;in-
dow glass 12x18 and paid 2.^c each. How^ is that ?

Our friend Thos. Pierson, of Ghent, met with a se-
rious accident. He was lifting a hive of bees over the
fence, and the fence broke down letting him fall ; for
a few days he was not expected to live, but is better
now. I saw him a month ago, and he said he would
have 1500 lbs. c jmb honey.

Send me sample section box with fdn. I was in
your store two weeks ago, and waited an hour for
you to be at leisure so I could ask you for them, but
you were very busy. Seth Lucas.

Kemson Corners, Ohio, Aug. 12, '77.

When a queen flies away, leave the hive
open, and go away, for she will be sure to
come back to the spot where she took wing.
I never knew one to fail in so doing, unless
she was reared near by, but a short time be-
fore ; in which case you will find her at her
old home where she took her wedding flight.
They are good property, even if you see them
away up in the clouds — don't know but I am
putting it rather "high" — if you only have
your wits about you.

The glass for the shipping case are only
7I0XI7, and our hardware man gave us the
figures, but upon inquiry, I find that it should
have been 12c eacJi. At wholesale by the box,
they will cost only about 8c.

I am very sorry not to have seen you, friend
L. ; you should have "buzzed" around and
made yourself known. We are always busy,
but our smallest boy would have given you a
section box in a twinkling, had you only said
the word.

I

OUT-BOOR WINTERING; 8 AND 11

FRAME hives; FOOT POWDER

SAW^S, &c.

f'N the spring of 1876 I started with 14 swarms, 11
frames in a hive, size of frame 10,4i'xl5>4' inside
measure. I took from the 14 and their increase,
which was 11, making in all 25 ewarms, 650 lbs. of box
honey and 1.50 of extracted. I sold 3 swarms for S22.00
which left me 22 to winter, one of the number being
in a liive with 12 frames If V long and 6 inches deep;
I also had 2 nuclei with 3 large sized frames each. I
weighed 6 swarms ■when I put Ihem up, wliich was
the first week in Dee ; each was packed in a box 6
inches larger every way than the hive, and the space
filled witli shavings from the planing mill. The first
of May 1877, 1 unpacked and weighed them and found
that it took, on an average. 16 lbs. to the hive, to win-
ter the 11 frame hive, and 10 lbs. for an 8 frame hive,
on their summer stands. All were in good condition
except 3, and those were Italians ; one was weak and
the other two dead ; the only bees I've lost in 5 years,
and tliose I think would have come through all right
if I had tucked the quilt down around ihem as I
ought. I lilted the qnilt to put in some candy, and
didn't get it down to its place again ; so much for not
doing things as I know I ought.

I see by the last Journal, that the question is
asked, if grain bags are good for quilts to be used on
top of the frames. I would say that I have been using
them all the summer so far, and I think them first
rate; but you want to pick out those that are firm,
not "slazy!"

I have one of those Barnes' foot power saws, which
I would not be without for anything. I made all of
my 100 hives with it last winter, and I hardly touched
a common saw or a plane to the whole lot. In sawing
out frame stuft", the saw leaves tlio wood so smooth
that there 13 no need of a plane. VVith it von can do
all your rabbeting, and in fact everything about a
hive, in the sawing line. I make all my little section
frames for the top ot the hive, with it ; the frames are
5 inches square. They hold IV lbs.— just right to sell
quickly. J. H. MuuDOCK, Dexter, Mich.

It certainly takes more stores to winter a
large colony, than a small one, as perhaps
many of our readers have observed. We last
season wintered a small colony in the house
apiary, that did not probably consume more
than 6 or 8 lbs., but they were so much behind
strong stocks, that it was not much of an ob-
ject after all. If the chafi" should enable us to
winter such safely, it would be a fine thing for
the purpose of being able to supply early
queens. I too killed a colony by leaving the
quilt open at one corner carelessly in the
spring; it was not a good colony, or they
would have stood it I presume, but it is with-
out doubt, very important that the brood
should be closely "tucked up," when they com-

1877

GLE^VNINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

263

mence brood rearing largely in the spring.
We are very glad indeed to hear you succeeded
so well with your Barnes' saws, but at the
risk of losing some customers, will add that
every one does not. Like other things, there
are a few who And fault with them.

DOOIilTTliS'S REPORT.

^njpSuEAR GLEANINGS:— We have had one of the
*J ID best scaaons for honey since 1870, an<i we have
^sfT left no stone unturned, that in our judgement,
would give us one pound moro of honey. By turning
to page 179, present Vol., it will be seen that we had
80 stocks the first of June. 50 of which were good fair
stocks, and 30 weak. About the I'ith of June we de-
cided that we could work but 67 of said stocks to any
purpose for honey ; so we broke the remaining 1;5
very weak onet up into 30 nuclei for queen rearing.
We also decided to work two exclusively for extract-
ed honey, and the remaining 05 were run for box
honey. June 18th, white clover began to yield honey
and our bees commenced work in boxes soon after.
Basswood opened July 14th and lasted till the '28th,
which with teasel yielded abundantly. Aug. 2d the
flowers failed to secrete honey entirely, and wc could
only work at bees night and morning, on account of
robbers. Aug. 16th, buckwheat came into blossom
and lasted till Aug. 28th, when our honey season
closed for 1877. The result of our season's work is as
follows.

Box honey, white 8761 lbs.

" dark 1523 "

Extracted 893 "

Total 11177 lbs.

Our average yield of box honey from the 65 old

stocks in spring", was 158 pounds per stock. Average
yield from the two extracted swarms 446 pounds. Av-
erage yield from 67 stocks in spring, of both box and
extracted, \G^% pounds.

We have at date 152 stocks in fine condition for win-
ter. Our bees did not swarm as much as usual this
year, thus proving what we have always claimed,
that Italian bees were not as liable to swarm in a
good yield of honey as when there was but little to be
had. We would be satistled to give the av.^rage > ield
per colony of an apiary, as we always have before,
were it not that we find ou page 122, present Vol., that
the "merits" of a hive are to be tested by the number
of pounds produced by a single colony. Therefore we
will give the number of pounds produced by a few
colonies which we kept a record of.

Our best extracted swarm gave 566 pounds. The
largest yield from it was given from July 21st to 24th,
being 66 lbs., or 22 lbs. per day. This stock was the
production of one queen it being helped in no way,
from any other colony. We kept record of only three
stocks in spring, worked for box honey, but had sev-
eral others that did nearly or quite as well, which we
kept no record of. From our best stock, we obtained
3u91bs. ; from another 3U1, from the third 286, making
896 lbs. of box honey produced by three stocks in
spring. Each of these stocks gave us one new swarm
which made a part of said honey, but we think the
yield would have been greater if they had not
swarmed. We gave one of these stocks from 12 to 18
boxes filled with fdn., otherwise they built ihelr
combs frjm starters such as wc usually use, as we
have explained in back numbers of Gleanings.

On page 135, Vol. II, we said, " We have come to
this conclusion In regard to profit in bee-keeping,
and consider it perfectly safe— that each old stock in
the spring, that has a quart of bees, will make 80 lbs.
of box honey if the season is good. If they swarm the
two will make that, and if they do not, they certainly
will. One man can with ease tend one hundred
stocks worked for box honey. Now, allowing every
other season a poor one, so that the bees do nothing,
we still have two tons of honey for each year. Twen-
ty-five cents is the lowest price for nice box hi'ney, so
we will have §1000 each year as an income." Al-
though honey, at the present time, will not bring 25c
per lb., we have no reason to believe that a ijracticed
apiarist would realize less than SlOOO per year from
100 stocks. In fact we have cleared, free of all ex-
pense, 16000 within the last five years with but about
one-half that number.

In conclusion we would say, as we said on page 30,
present Vol., "Bee-keeping only pays when our pets
are properly cared for, and if any one can not spend
the required amount of time on them, he had better

keep out of the business, for sooner or later, he will
turn away from it in disgust."

G. M. DOOLITTLK.

Borodino, N. Y., Sept. I2ih, 1877.

The above is one of the best reports we have
ever had from an apiary of the size mentioned ;
the good season may have had something to
do with it, but not all, for Mr. Doollttle makes
a good report every year; and we doubt if we
have a bee-keeper in our land, who makes as
good a yield year after year, from the number
of colonies kept.

Several have remarked that he loses largely
in wintering, and has many weak colonies
every spring. Friend D., you say you have
153 stocks in fine condition for winter; now
before we put you clear at the head of the class,
we want you to bring those 152 through to
next May, without losinff a single colony. Quite
a number have recently wintered large apiaries
without losing any, and you can do the same
il you only set about it. Our neighbor Shaw
of Chatham used to be the most unsuccessful
at wintering, of any bee-keeper in our county,
but he wintered nearly or quite a hundred col-
onies last winter without losing a single one,
or even having a weak one. During a visit we
have just paid his apiaries, he declared it was
all owing to the right kind of care, and noth-
ing else. They were shut up in small space,
and packed in chafif.

By the way, as the 566 lbs. of extracted honey
from one hive is something unusual, but one
greater yield being on record, if I am correc t,
may we ask for full particulars of theway in
which the stock was managed? How often
the extracting was done, &c.

^ ■•■

IMPORTED QUEENS.

^ A3I much pleased that you are importing queens,
lli but mu^t protest against your mode of selling
^ them. Too little attention has been paid to im-
proving our stock; and if a man buys an interior im-
ported queen, his name is at first just as good as the
one who has one very superior. 1 see no reason why
they should not be graded like any other stock; then
the man or men, who buy the best, will get the worth
of their money, and the public will knovv where to
look for superior queens.* I am determined to have
no in and in breeding and shall want an imported
queen in the spring. But as I have had a beauly to
work from this year, and have given the best of bat-
Isfaclion. it I should get an inferior one for next year,
you would soon have me in your " Humbug and
Swindle" column. When I get ready to buy I shall
fix my standard as to quality, and the one 1 buy of can
fix price. I have young stocks (artificial) working la
sections nicely, while some old ones, with twice as
many bees, are doing nothing. Both Italians, but the
young one has a queen raised from the Imported
mother. They work just that way every time, and
how they ivill defend themselves against robbers.

H. P. Sayles, Hartford, Wis., Sept. 7, 1877.

I agree with you exactly, friend S., but most
bee-keepers prefer to do their own grading and
testing. Out of a lot of 20 queens, one or two
would without doubt prove superior. If I sell
none but the best, what shall I do with the in-
ferior, and what shall I charge for the supe-
rior y It takes a long while to test a queen
for queen rearing, and some time as well as
care and observation to test her bees as honey
gatherers. One that I had pronounced all
right in all these respects, my customer might
not find up to his expectations, and one that I
had pronounced poor, might prove equal to
any. In view of all this, is it not better to let
each, one do his own testing as we do with the

264

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Oct.

dollar queen, and have the price but little
above cost of importing? I have never seen
an imported queen, that I should pronounce a
really poor queen ; and none but what produced
3 banded workers.

GlEANtNGS m BEE CULTURE.

Published Montbly,

J^. I. I?.OOT.

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.

MEDINA, OHIO.

[Including Postage.]
For Glvb Rates see First Page.

3Sd:EIDIlSrA., OOT. 1, IST'T.

Bnt. brother )2;oeth to law with brother, and that be-
fore the unbelievers.— Corinthians, C; 6.

On and after Jan., Ist, 1878, our $30. fdn. machine,
will be $35. 0(^

Several have feared their dollar queens were not
fertile, because they did not commence laying at once.
It is fjuite usual for them to wait several days, and
l)erhaps a week, in tiie fall of the year, when no honey
is coming in, but if we feed the colony a little after
Introducing, she should very soon commence laying.
One friend was going to send a queen back after being
safely introduced, because she did not lay at once.

1 MK\Ti().VEi> that the first smoker Mr. Bingham
sent us was rather poorly made, but rather shabbily
neglected to make mention of it, when he sent a sam-
ple of a most excellent one, for only $1.00. All of the
three sizes he now makes, are neatly and strongly
made, and are giving excellent satisfaction, so far as
we have heard, and we have sold quite a number.
Friend B., I beg your pardon.

Many will, doubtless, be inclined to decide that
Doolittle's locality is a very superior one, but I think
such is not the case. When friend Hill told of not get-
ting a lb. of honey in 1875, and of liaving to buy over
two tons of sugar to feed his bees up so they would
winter, I decided liis locality was a very poor one, and
felt glad I did not live there ; but when he got lO.OOO lbs.
from the same apiary the very next season, I changed
my mind.

The demand lor hybrid queens has been much
greater than the supply. Some of our customers, said
they wantstl a queen of some kind, they cared little
what; even a black queen would do, just to enable
the colony to winter. The consequence was that ev-
ery thing in the shape of <)ueens has been gathered
up, and many we have sent out are not from import-
ed mothers, and will not produce pure drones, as per
our advei-tiseraent. The mention last month of that
heap of queens on our table, was I fear indiscreet;
criers have poured in at a rate that swamped us near-
ly as ba'lly as in July, but we are now getting ahead
again except on hybrids. We have done the best we
l)ossibly could, but for all that, I wish you all to speak
right out if any thing in the (I'.ieen business is unsat-
isfactory.

-■^-♦^» m

I HAVE never seen a queen whose brood would not
occasionally produce dark queens, especially if the
calls Tvere built during cool weather. If they are
hatclied in tlie lamp nursery, with a temperature of

nearly 100°, lighter colored queens will be obtainecl
than any I have ever seen raised in any other way;
but still a dark or black one sometimes appears even
then. These dark queens, if daughters of imported
mothers, will often produce as yellow, and as perfect-
ly marked workers, as any in the apiary ; in short, I
do not know but they are just as likely to. There
seems yet, to be a perfect mania for yellow queens,
and I fear some are more anxious al»out the color of
tlie queens than the bees. My friends, you will cer-
tainly repent it, if yon choose looks, rather than
working qualities. The Albino queen, so called, has
given no surplus honey, has had all her brood, and
yet has scarcely enough bees to winter. I have sev-
eral times tried selecting the yellowest queens, but
alter about three generations, they woula have to be
"boosted" with brood Irom the hybrids.

The brood from every onsofonr imported queens
showed distinctly the three yellow bands, but on some
of til im, the yellow was so dark, you would be pretty
sure to call them hybrids. They are however quite
distinct from hybri<ls in one respect, and that is gen-
tleness. I never use smoke in liandling the imported
slock, and I rarely if ever get stung. When you first
turn back the quilt, you would think by the color of
the bees that it were best to stand back ; but when
you lilt out the frames, not a bee moves, or makes any
sign of stinging, nor do they all dive into the unsealed
honey as do the blacks and hybrids at thiS season of
the year. Among the 14 that we imported, was one
that was almost all over black, or perhaps rather a
dark brown and, strange to tell, her bees arc the
largest and yellowest of any in the lot. I should pre-
fer her, to the Blood queen, to rear from, were it not
that her queens would most likely prove dark, ani»
then what a scolding I would get from customers. I
would really like to have you take a look at these
large sized yellow bees and if you care to send 10c. for
cage and postage, I will send yuu some to look at and
to show you what kind of bees a " black " imported
queen produces. To have them show their lull size,
you should feed them well with honey after they
reach you. It you would care to see some of the poor-
est bees— with leather cotoreil bands, instead of yel-
low—that the imported stock, produces, I wUl mail
some on the same terms.

I HOPE you will forgive me if I am in the wrong,
mj' friends, but 1 can not conscientiously approve ot
bee conventions, especially, of tliose held in our large
cities. Tlie expense of attending tliem, is more than
most of us can afford, and where I have had an op-
portunity of looking into the matier I have invariably
found enough to, I think, fully justify me in warning
genuine bee-keepers to keep away from them. The
bee shows of England, the records of which go a great
way tjwards filling the pages of the jB. iJ. J., are no
exception to this rule. I liad intended to be silent in
the matter, but some of the friends would not excuse
me. Now I will tell you wliat I do approve :

Get a couple of stout horses, and a big lumber
wagon, call on your nearest bee-keeping neighbor,
and ask him to get in ; go on in the same way to the
next, and the next, then call on the most successful
ones you liave in your vicinity. Look over their hives,
honey, bees and queens, in a pleasant and genial way,
and discuss the good and bad qualities of all the dif-
erent methods of doing things. You need no president,
treasurer or secretary, but can make the woods ring
with youv merriment if you feel like it. At such meet-
ings I usually laugh imtil hoarse, but 1 never yet knew
of an unkind word being spoken of any one. It does
not cost us a copper and often results in much benefit,
for we olten at such meetings, buy, sell, ana exchange
bees, queens, lioney, &c. We have just made a visit
to friend Shaw of Chatham, where we found him suc-
ceeding beautifidly with the lamp nursery, and from
the prettiest little apiary of about 7.1, 3 frame nuclei,
we ever saw, we all went to work and i)icked out and
caged the nicest lot of yellow queens I ever saw or
heard of. I purchased all that were laying, at 00c each,
just to give you my friends, a pleasant surprise. After
"an excellent dinner, we went with him to a swamp,
wiiere he had moved over lOO colonies ; after we ha<l
overhauled the hives, seen how they were building
comb ao yellow as dandelions, and tasted the rich
honey as yellow as gold, we took a big tramp away
into the heart of the great swamp, and watched tlie
Italians as they hummed over the rainbow hued flow-
ers, that stood higher than our heads.

Will you my friends accept the above as an apology
lor my not having advised you all to attend the con-
ventions?

I

1877,

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

26J]

BEI3 SIlFK"Ti:ilTCr. I liave warned you
■so often, my friends, a}.''aiu«t leavinj? sweets
*)£ any kind about the apiary, and about be-
ing careful not to let the bees get to robbing
•each other, tliat it may seem a little queer,
to be directed how best to encourage and de-
velop this very robbing propensity, iu these
little friends of ours.

The only season in which we can tr ip bees
is when they will rob briskly, at home ; for
^vheu honey is to be found in the tlowers ,in
plenty, they will hardly deign to notice our
bait of even honey in the comb. Before
starting <nit, it will be policy to inform your-
self of all the bees kept iu the vicinity, for
you might otherwise waste much time iu
following lines that lead into the hives of
your neighbors. You should be at least a
mile from any one who has a hive of bees
Avlien you commence operations, and it were
safer to be two miles. I do not mean by
this, to say that there are no bee trees near
large apiaries, for a number liave been found
within a half mile of our own, and an expe-
I'ienced hand would have but little trouble in
finding more, in all probability ; but those
who are just learning, would be very likely
to get very much perplexed and bothered by
domesticated bees mixing with the wild
ones.

There are more bees in the woods than we
perhaps liave any idea of ; especially, in the
neighborhood of considerable apiaries. In
<i)ne of my first trials at bee hunting I started
a tine line, directly toward the woods, but I
looked in vain, for bees, after going into
them, and finally gave it up. A few days
■afterward, I got an old hand at the business
to hunt them up for me, and he almost at
once pointed out a tree plainly visible from
"Where they were baited, standing in the open
lot. As the tree contained very thick old
honey, it had probably stood there unnoticed
tor years, and yet it was in plain sight.
The same hunter, very soon foimd another,
but a little distance from this one. And
within a few days, we have found two more
iu that same locality. Since these two have
been carried away and domesticated in our
apiary, we find the Italians apparently just
as thick on the wild flowers as they were
before. Indicating that there are more ti'ees
in the same vicinity.

Perhaps the readiest means of getting a
line started, is to catch the bees that will be
found on the flowers, especially in the early
part of the day. Get tliein to take a sip of
the honey you have brought for the purpose,
and they will, true to their instinctive love

of gain, speed tiiemselves home with their
load, soon to return for another. To find
the tree, you have only to watch and see
wliere they go. Very simple, is it not V It
certainly is on paper, but it usually involves
a deal of hard work, when carried out in
practice. You cm get along with very sim-
ple implements, but if your time is valuable,
it may p ly to go out fully equipped. For
j instance, a small glass tiunbler will answer
I to catch bees with, and after you have caught
j one, you can set the glass over a piece of
I honey comb. Now cover it with your haiul-
i kercliief to stop his buzzing against the
glass, and he will soon discover the honey,
and '"load up." Keep your eye on him, and
as soon as he is really at work at the honey,
gently raise the glass and creep away, where
you may get a good view of proceedings.
As sooJi as he takes wing* he will circle
about the honey, as a young bee does in
front of the hive, that he may know the spot
when he comes back ; for a whole '' chunk "'
ofbouey, during the dry autunni days, is
quite a little gold mine in his estimation.
There may be a thousand or more hungry
mouths to feed, away out in the forest iu his
leafy home, for anght we know.

If you are quick enough to keep track of
his eccentric circles and oscillations, you will
see that his circles become larger and hu-ger,
and that each time he comes roinid, he sways
to one side ; that is, instead of making the
honey the centre of his circles, he makes it
almost on one edge, so that the last few times
he comes roiuid he simply conies back after
he has started home, and throws a loop, as
it were, about the honey to make sure of it
for the last time. Now yon can be pretty
sure, which way his home lies almost the
very first circuit he make.s, for he has his
home iiijuiind all the time, and bears more
and more toward it.

If you can keep your eye on him, until he
finally takes the " bee line " for home, you
do pretty well, for a new hand can seldom do
this. After he is out of sight, you have only
to wait until he comes back, which he surely
will do, if honey is scarce. Of course if his
home is near by, he will get back soon ; and
to determine how far it is, by the length of
time he is gone, brings in another very im-
portant point. The honey the bees get from
the flowers, is very thin honey ; in fact, rath-
er nearer sweetened water, than honey, and
if we wish a bee to load up and fly at about
a natural" gait" we should give him honey
diluted with water to about this consistency.
Unless you do, he will not only take a great

266

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Oct.

(leal more time in loading up, but the thick
honey is so much heavier, he will veiy likely
stagger under the load, and make a very
ci'ooked bee line of his hoineward path. Be-
sides, he will take much more time to unkxid.
Sometimes, they, after circling about qviite a
time, will stop to take breath before going
hom-3, which is apt to mislead the hunter,
unless he is experienced ; all this is avoided
by filling your honey comb with honey and
water, instead of the honey as we usually
find it.

Now it takes quite a little time, to get a
be?, caagiit and started in the work, and
tliat we may be busy, we will have several
bees started at the same time ; and to do this
expeditiously, we will use a bee hunting box
made as in the following cut.

BOX FOR BEE HUNTING.

Tliis is simply a light box about 4i inches
square ; the bottom is left open, and the top
is closed with a sheet of glass that slides ea-
sily in saw cuts made near the upper edge.
About a half inch below the glass, is a small
feeder, quite similar to the one we figured
last month. ,

HOW TO USE THE HUNTING BOX.

Take with your box, about a pint of diluted
honey in a bottle. If you fill the bottle half
full of thick honey, and then fill it up with
warm water, you will have it about right. In
the fall of the year, you will be more likely
to find bees on the flowers, in the early part
of the day. When you get on the ground,
near some forest, where you suspect the
l)"esence of wild bees, pour a little of your
lioney into the feeder, and cautiously set the
box over the first bee you find upon the
flowers. As soon as the box is well over the
flower, close the bottom with your hand,
and he will soon buzz up against the glass.
Catch as many as you wish, in the same way,
and they will soon be sipping the honey.

Before any have filled themselves, ready tO'
fly, set your box • on some elevated iwiiit,
such as the top of a stump in an oi>eii space
in the field, and draw back the glass slide..
Stoop down now, and he ready to keep your
eye on him, whichever way he may tm-n. If
you keep your head loAv, yo-u will be more
likely to have the sky as a background. If
you fail in following one, you must try the
next, and as soon as you get a sure line on.
one, as he bears finally for home, be sure to
mark it by some object that you Ci\n remem-
ber. If you are curious to know how long
they are gone, you c<in with some white
paint in a little vial, and a pencil brush,
mark one of them on tlie back. This is quite
a help where you have two or more lines
working from the same bait. When a bee
comes back, you will recognize him by the
peculiar inquiring hum, like robbers in front
of a hive where they have oiice had a taste
of spoils. If the tree is near by, each one
will bring others along in his wake, and soon
your box will be humming with a tln"ong so'
eager, that a further filling of the feeder from
the bottle will be needed. As soon as you
are pretty well satisfied in wliich dii-ectioii
they are located, you can close the glass slide
and move along on the line, near to the
woods. Oi?en the box, and you will soon
have them just as busy, again ; mark the
line, and move again, and you mil very sooni
follow them to their home. To aid you in
deciding just where they are, you can move
off to one side and start a cross line. Of
course the tree will be found just where
these lines meet ; when you get about where
you think they should be, examine the trees
carefully, especially all the knot holes, or
any place that might allow bees to enter and
find a cavity. If you place yourself so that
the bees will be between you and the sun,
you can see them plainly, even if they are
among the highest branches. Remember you
are to make a careful and minute examin-
ation of eveiy tree, little and big, body and
limbs, even if it does make your neck ache.
It is a good thing to look up once in a while,
just as it is a good thing to go out into the
woods, and get a view of outside things
generally, now and then. If you do not find
them in cai-efully looking the trees over, go
back and get your lumting box, bring it up
to the spot, and give them " feed " until yoiE
get a quart or more at work. You can then
see pretty clearly where they go. If you do
not find them the first day, you can readily
start them again almost any time, for they
are very quick to start, when they have once

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

267

S)een at work, even though it is several days
-afterward.

Bees are sometimes stcu-tetl by burning
Avhatis called a "smudge." Get some old
bits of comb containing bee bi-ead as well
as honey, and burn tiieui on a small tin plate,
by setting it over a little lire. The bees will
be attracted by th.e odor of the burning honey
-and comb, and if near, will sometimes come
;in great numbers. Oil of anise is sometimes
used, to attract them by its strong odor. We
have had the best success in getting Uiem
from the flowers as we have directed.

A spy gliuss is very convenient in finding
where the bees go in, especially if the tree is
very tciU ; even the toy spy-glasses sold for
•oOc. or a dollar, ai'e sometimes quite a lielj).
The most serviceable, however, are the ach-
romatic glasses tliat cost about So.CO, and the
very best tiling for tlie purpose, is an Opera
glass such as can be purchased for about
So.OO. AVitli these we can use both eyes, and
the field is so broad that no time is lost in
getting the gltuss instantly on the spot. We
can, in fact, see bees with them in the tops
of the tallest ti'ees, aknost as cleai'ly as we
can see tliem going into hives placed on the
ground. They am also be used to follow a
bee on the wing, as he leaves the hunting
box. If one's time is valuable, an opera
glass will be a very good investment.

After you have found the tree, I presume
you will be in a hm-ry to get the bees that
you know ai"e there, and the honey that may
be there. Do not fix youi- expectations too
high, for you may not get a single pomid of
the latter. Of two trees that we have recent-
ly taken, one contained just about jis much
honey as we had fed tliem, and the other
contained not one visible cell full ! The
former were fmr liybrids, and tlie latter well
marked Italians. If the tree is not a valu-
able one, and stands where timber is cheap
and plenty, perhaps the easiest way may be
to cut it down. This may result in a mashed
up heap of ruins, with combs, honey and bees
all mixed up with dirt and rubbish, or it may
fall so as to strike on the limbs or small
trees so as to ease its fall in such a way as
to do very little injiuy to the liive of the
forest. The chances are ratlier in favor of
the fonner, and on many accounts it is stifer
to climb the tree and let the bee hive down
with a rope. If the hollow is in the body of
the tree or so situated that it cannot be cut
off above and beloAV, the combs may be taken
out aiul let down in a pail or basket ; for the
brood combs, and such as contain but little
honey, the basket will be rather preferable.

Tlie first thing however, will be to climb the
ti^ee, and as I should be very sorry to give
any advice in my A B C book that might in
any way lead to loss of life, I will at the out-
set, ask you not to attempt climbing, unless
you are, or can be :i very careful person. An
old gentlentan who has just been out with
i:s, remarked that he once knew a very ex-
pert climbi'r wlio took all the bees out of the
tr(>es for miles around, but wa.-i linally killed
instantly, by letting his hands slip, as he was
getting aliove a large knot in the tree. We
do not wish to nm any risks, where human
life is at stake.

For climbing large trees, a pair of climbers
are used, such as is shown in the following
cut.

CLIMBERS rOR BEE HUNTERS.

The iron part, is made of a bar 18 inches
long, f wide by i thick. At the lower end, it
is bent to accommodate the foot as shown,
and the spurs are made of the best steel,
carefully and safely welded on. These
points should be sharp, and somewhat chisel
shaped, that they may be struck safely into
the wood of the ti-ee ; the sti^aps, will be
readily understood by inspection. When in
use, the ring A, is slipped over the spur B,
and the straps are both buckeled up safely.
If the tree is very large, the climber provides
himself with a tough withe or whip, of some
tough green boxtgh, and bends this so it will
go around the tnuik, while an eiul is held in
eithar hand. As he climbs upward, this is
hitched up the trunk. If he keeps a siu-e
and firm liold on this whip, and strikes his
feet into the trunk firmly, he can go up the
most forbidding trees, rapidly and safely.
A light line, a clothes line for instance,
should be tied around his waist, that he may
draw up such tools as he may need. The
tools needed, are a sharp axe, hatchet, 'saw,
and an auger to bore in to see how far the

268

GLEANINGS IK BEE CULTURE,

Oct.

hollow extends. If the bees are to be saved,
the limb or tree should be cut off above the
hollow, and allowed to fall. A stout rope
may be then tied about the log hive, passed
over some lind) above, the end brought down
and wrapped about a tree until the hive is
cut off ready to lower. When it is down,
let it stand an hour or two, or mitil sundown
when the bees will have all found, and en-
tered the liive. Cover the entrance with
wire cloth, and take it home.

If you want only the honey, and do not
care for the bees, you can slab off one side
of the hoUow, cut out the combs, and let
them down in pails. The bees can very oft-
en be saved in this way, as well as the form-
er. Fix the brood combs about the right
distance apart, in a pail or basket ; the bees
will in time collect about them, and may
then, toward dark, be carried safely home.
Many bee hunters briur^tone the bees, but I
am so averse to any such method of kilUng
bees, that 1 have not even the patience to
describe it. Sometimes the hollow is below
the limbs; in this case, the climlier passes a
surcingle about him, under his arms, around
the tree, and in this position chops the bees
out. I have V said nothing about smoke or
veils, for so far as my experience goes, none
seems to be needed. The bees Ijecome so
frightened by the cliopping, tiiat they are
perfectly coniiuered and cease entirely, to
act on the offensi\'e. It may be well to have
some smoking rotten wood near, and a bel-
lows smoker would be very convenient to
drive the bees out of the way, many times.

After you have got them down where the
combs can be reached, the usual directions
for transferring are to be followed. A Ijee-
keeper who has a taste for rustic work,
might set the log up in his a];)iary, just: to
show the contrast between the old style of
bee-keeping, and the new. Some very inter-
esting facts are to be picked n\) in bee hunt-
ing. One of the trees we cut recently, con-
tained comb as much as a yard long, and not
more than 8 inches wide in the widest \)art.
It has been said that bees in a state of na-
ture, select cavities best adapted to their
needs. I am inclined to think this very poor
reasoning. If a farmer allowed nature to
take care of his corn tiekls, he would get a
very poor crop, and from what 1 have seen
of bee trees, 1 should judge tlie poor fellows
need to be taken care of, almost as mucli as
the corn. We frequently get 100 lbs. of
comb from a hive but I never knew a bee
tree to give any such amoant, as the product
of a single season. We sometimes llnd quite

a quantity of honey in a tree, it is true, but
it is usually old honey, and often the accum-
ulation of several years.

DOKS UKE HUNTING TAY ':?

If you (iaii earn, a dolhir per diiy at some
steady employment, I do not thuxk it would,,
as a rule ; but there are doubtles loccilities
where an expert, would make it pay well, in
the fall of the year. With the facilities we
now have for rearing bees, a bee-keeper
would stock an apiary nuich quicker by
rearing the bees, than he would by bringing
theui home from the woods, and transfer-
ring. In tlie former case he would have
nice straight combs, especially if he used
the fdn., but the cx)mbs from the woods,
would require a great amoimt of fussing
with, and they would never be nearly as nice
as those built on the fdn., even then. So
much by way of discouragement. On the
other hand, a ramljle ui the woods such as
bee liunting furnishes, is one of the most
healthful forms of recreation, that I know
of ; and it gives one a chance to study, not
only tiie habits of the bees, but the flowers
as well, for in hunting for a bee to start
with, we find many plants that are curious
and many tliat we would not otherwise
know they freciueuted. In our recant trips,
we were astonished to tind the Simpson
honey plant of which so much has been said
in our Journals recently, growing in our owii
neigliborliood, and we saw the bees diinking
the sweet water out of the little hollow balls,
or rather i)itcher sliaped blossoms. Again,
clhnbing and taking the bees out of one of
the monarchs of the forest, is really one of
the fine arts, if done safely ; ami I feel like
takuig off uiy hat in deference to the one
who does tlie work nicely, something as I
would to a renowned docit)r or kiwyer, or au
expert mcclianic.

NEVER (.iUAllUEL A1U)UT BEE TREES.

When you have found yoin- tree, go at
once to the owner of the land, and get per-
mission to get your bees. No matter what
the law allows, do nothing in his absence,
you would not do if he were standing by,
and do yovu- work with as clear a conscience
as you woidd work in your own bee yard.
Many qnarrelsand disagi"eements and much
liard feeling, has been engendered by cut-
ting bee trees. If I am correctly informed,
bees are the proi)erty of whoever finds them
lust ; and on this account it is custcnuary to
cut the initials of the tinder, with the date,
in the body of the tree ; but you have no
more right to cut the owner's timber with-
out permission tlian you have to cut his corn.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

269

I have never found any one inclined to be at
all dilllcult, wluMi they were politely asled
for i)erniissi()ii to get our bees out of the
the trees. I do not wonder that people feel
cross when tlieir timber is mutilated by ro-
ving idlers, and I can scarcely blame them
for giving a wliolesome lesson now and then
just to remind us that we have laws in our
country for their protection. I hope my
readers will have no disposition to trespass
on tlie premises or riglits of any one, with-
out permission. The most dillicult and par-
ticular person in your neighl»orhood, will in
all itrobability, be found pleasant and ac-
commodating, if you go to liim in a pleasant
and neighborly way.

B.

BARZlISIiS. I would hardly advise
xising barrels for cond) honey, altliough it is
done to some extent I believe, in districts
where the old style of keeping bees in log
gums, prevails; but for liquid honey, we
shall probably never find a cheaper recep-
tacle that will stand the rough usage of
shipping honey, as well. It is true, we can
put our honey in tin cans, but these are
more expensive — the very cheapest, costing
at least one cent for every pound of honey
tliey will contain — and they cannot be ship-
ped safely, without first being crated. Be-
sides all this, a barrel of honey will be re-
ceived at a mucli lower rate of freight, than
any other kind of package it is possible to
make. If we are then all decided as to the
expediency of storing our honey in barrels,
we wish to decide upon the most profitable
size for these barrels. The regidar size of
about 31 or 32 gallons, is probably the cheap-
est size, but it has been objected to on ac-
count of the difficulty of handling so great
a weight as 3o0 to 400 lbs., which the barrel
and all woidd weigh. This however is no
great objection to one who knows how to
''take tlie advantage" of a barrel, as my
father used to express it to " us boys," when
we were loading stone, and as economy of
money as well as '' traps," is quite an item
where we have tons of honey, I flunk we had
better have large barrels principally. For
the acconuiiDdation of customers who want a
smaller (juanlity, it may be well to have
some half barrels also, but these will cost
considerably more, in proportion to the
amount of honey they hold. Some very neat
small ones, holding about 140 lbs, cost about
SI. 7.5 each ; tliis woidd be at the rate of lie.
l)er lb. (;ur large barrels cost us $2.25, and
hold about 3oO lbs ; this is less than f c. per

lb for the package. From tins it appears
that we shall have to charge a little more
for honey put ui) in half barrel packages.

LEAKY ISAKUKLS.

I hope you will feel as I ch) about it, that
it is bad enough to talk about having lioiiey
leak all round, without liaving any i)ractical
experience in the matter; and lain veiy
glad to be able to tell you how to entindy
avoid it. It may be well to remark that
honey has a funny way of expanding during
the candying process,— it will generally
candy as soon as the weather gets cold— and
if your barrels or cans do not give it room
to expand, it will be pretty sure to push out
the corks or bungs. Some kinds of honey,
expand more than others, and under some
circumstances, perfectly ripened honey, will
scarcely candy at all. If the bairels are left
not quite full, and then filled up completely
when ready to ship, there will be very little
trouble.

We prefer barrels made of sound oak, but
I presume those made of other strong wood
will answer, if carefully waxed as we shall'
direct. The hoops should be of strong hoop
iron, for honey is very heavy compared with
most other liquids, and we wish them to
staiul safely the rough handling they are
likely to recieve on the cars, even if they
should be sent back and forth several times.
The hoops should be secured by large tacks,
if they show any tendency to slip. If you
have had the barrels made for your own use
and intend them to be returned when you
sell honey, it is a very good idea to have
them neatly painted. This will keep the
hooi)s in place, and will preserve the barrels
very materially. There is one objection to
this, however, and that is you are many
times luider the necessity of waiting for
your barrels to be emptied, and then they
are likely to be forgotten. We once waited
2 years for some we had sent away with
honey, and then succeeded in getting tlie
pay for them instead of the barrels, after
much imi)ortunity.

waxino this barrels to prevent
lp:aking.
A good barrel carefully made of well sea-
soned timber, s/iowitZ noi leak, without any
waxing, I)ut as they often do, we think it
safest to have them all waxed. Tins is sim-
ply coating the entire inside with wax or
paratfine. The latter we consider better, as
well as cheaper. Wax is worth from 30 to
35c. per lb, but the i)araffine can be had for
20c. As the latter melts at a lower tempera-
ture, and is more limpid when melted, a

270

GLEANINGS m BEE CULTUKE.

Oct.

much less quantity is needed to coat the in-
side tliorovighly and fill all cracks and inter-
stices, and less skill and expedition is nesded
in its manipulation. Yon should have about
a gallon of the melted liquid, or too much of
it will adhere to the inside of the barrel, for
a small quantity will not keep hot until yon
can pour out the remainder after the waxing
is done. Ten or 12 lbs. will do very well.
Have your Inuigs all nicely fitted, and have
a good hammer in readiness to get the bung
out quickly. With a large-mouthed tunnel,
pour in the hot liquid, and bung it up at
once. Now roll the barrel so as to have the
wax go entirely round it, then twirl it on
each head, and give it another spinning so
as to cover perfectly all round the ciiime.
This operation will have warmed the air in-
side to such an extent, that the liquid will
be forced into every crevice, and if there is
a poor spot, you will hear the air hissing, as
it forces the liquid through it. Just as
quickly as you get the inside covered, loosen
the bung with your hammer, and if your
work is w^ell done, the bung will be thrown
into the air Vvdth a report. Pour out the re-
maining liquid, warm it up, and go on with
the rest. If the weather is cool, you had
better put your barrel in the sun, turning it
frequently and driving down the hoops, be-
fore you pour in the wax. This is to save
your material, for if the barrel is cold, it
will take a much heavier coating ; and the
main thing is simply to close all crevices.
Eor honey in quantities of less than 100 lbs.
perhaps tin cans will be handier than barrels
or kegs, for they can then be shipped as
freight, without crating.

Good thick honey will usually become sol-
id at the approach of frosty weather, and
perhaps the readiest means of getting it out
of the barrel in such cases, is to remove one
of the heads, and take it out with a scoop.
If it is quite hard, you may at first think it
quite difficult to get a scoop dowai into it ;
but if you press steadily, and keep moving
the scoop slightly, you will soon get down
its whole depth. If the barrel is kept for
some time near the stove, or in a very warm
room, the honey will become liquid enough
to be drawn out through a large sized honey
gate. After the head of a barrel has been
taken out, the barrel should be waxed again
before using, around the head that has been
removed. Get out all the honey you can, by
warming and allowing it to drain, and then
with a tea-kettle of hot water, clean off
every particle of honey. The rinsings may
be saved and fed to the bees that there be no

waste. As barrels are apt to get musty, or
give the honey a taste, I would advise wash-
ing and lightly coating them every season,
before being used again. After having been
once coated, a very small quantity of par-
afflne will answer perfectly, the second time.
I should have no hesitation in using any
kind of a barrel for honey, if it were first
scalded, allowed to dry thoroughly, and then
perfectly coated with paraffine. If the bar-
rel is dry and warm, or slightly hot, there
will never be any danger of its cleaving from
the wood, as wax sometimes does. Parafiine
has neither taste nor smell, and does not
decay as wax does, when exposed to damp-
ness or the action of liquids.

Caution: — A mixture of w^ax and rosin
was at one time used for coating barrels,
and after giving it, as I thought a thorough
test, I used it for a whole crop of honey.
The result was that the honey tasted of ros-
in after being in the barrels over winter, and
it was sold at 10c, w^hen it would otherwise
have brought 15c. This is quite a serious
matter, as some of the Journals seem to be
still recommending the rosin.

23ASSWOOB. With perhaps the single
exception of white clover, the basswood, or
linden as it is often called, furnishes more
honey than any other one plant or tree
known. It is true, that it does not yield
honey every season, bivt what plant or tree
does ? It occasionally gives us such an im-
mense fiood of honey, that we can afford to
wait a season or two if need be, rather than
depend on sources that yield more regularly,
yet in much smaller amounts. If a bee-
keeper is content to wait, say ten or fifteen
years for the realization of his hopes, or if
he has an interest in providing for the bee-
keepers of a future generation, it will pay
him to plant basswoods. A tree that was
set out just about 10 years ago, on one of our
streets, now furnishes a profusion of blos-
soms, almost every year, and from the way
the bees work on them, I should judge it
furnished considerable honey. A hundred
such trees in the vicinity of an apiary, would
be, without doubt, of great value. See ar-
tificial PASTURAGE. Our 4000 trees were
planted in the spring of 1872, and are now—
1877— many of them bearing fair loads of
blossoms. We made some experiments with
basswood seeds, but they proved mostly
failures, as have nearly all similar ones we
have heard from. By far the best and cheap-
est way, is to get small trees from the forest.
These can be obtained in almost any quan-
tity, from any piece of woodland from which

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

271

stock have been excluded. Cattle feed iipon
the young basswoods with gi'eat avidity,
and pasturing our woodlands is eventually
going to cut short the young growth of these
trees from our forests, as well as many
others that are valuable. We planted trees
all the way from one to ten feet in height.
The larger ones have as a general rule d(uie
best.

Basswood, and perhaps most other forest
trees, reipure shade, especially when young ;
and uuich to our surprise, some that were
l)lanted directly under some large white oak
trees, have done better than any of the rest.
"Who has not noticed 'exceedingly thrifty
basswoods growing in the midst of a clump
of briars and bushes of all sorts V I would
place the trees not more than 12 feet apart,
for it is an easy matter to thin them out
whenever they are found too close. A
neighbor has planted basswoods entirely
round his farm on the road sides, and they
add much to the comfort of travelers, are
pretty to the sight, and will without doubt,
furnish honey enough, in time, to pay all ex-
penses.

The best yield of honey we have ever had
from a single hive, in one day, was from the
basswood bloom ; the amount was 43 lbs in
three days. The best we ever recorded from
clover, was 10 lbs in one day. The honey
from the basswood has a strong aromatic,
or mint flavor, and we can tell when the
blossoms are out, by the perfume about the
hives. The taste of the honey also indi-
cates to the apiarist the very day the bees
commence work on it. The honey, if ex-
tracted before it is sealed over, when it is
coming in rapidly, has the distinctive flavor
so strong as to be very disagreeable to some
persons. My wife likens it to the smell and
taste of turpentine or camphor, and very
much dislikes it, Avhen just gathered, but
when sealed over and fully ripened in the
hive, she thinks it delicious, as does almost
every person.

AFKZSSS. It is with the class of these
insects that produce honey, (or rather a
sweetish substance that bees collect and
store as Iwney) that we liave to do. They
are a kind of plant lice, that are to be seen
in almost all localities, and during nearly
all the summer and fall months, if we only
keep our eyes about us, and notice tliem
when they are right before us. If you ev-
ainine the leaves of almost any green tree,
you will find them peopled by small insects,
almost the color of tr.e leaves on wliich they
live ; while some are quite large, others are

almost or quite invisible to the naked eye.
Now all these bits of animated nature, while
they feed on the green foliage, are almost
incessantly emitting a sort of licpiid ex-
crement, and as this is usually tlirown some
distance from the insect, it often falls from
the leaves of the tree, like dew. If tliis mat-
ter is new to you I wovdd ask you to ex-
amine tlie stone pavements early in the
morning, under almost any green tree ; an
apple or willow will be pretty sure to show
spots of moisture, something as if water or
rain had been sprinkled over it in a fine
spray. The leaves of tlie trees will also be
found somewhat sticky where the exudation
is suflicient to make it noticeable.

This substance is I believe, not always
sweet to the taste, but usually so. The
quantity is often so small, as to be unnoticed
by the bees, but occasionally, they will seem
quite busy licking it up. I have several
times found them at work on the leaves of
our apple trees very early in the morning,
but never to such an extent that it might
really be called honey dew. I have seen
them also on a willow fence making a hum-
ming like a buckwheat field, and at the same
time, the ground under the trees looked as
if molasses had been sprinkled about. The
bees were at work on the ground also ; the
honey 'tasted much like cheap molasses.
The strange part of the matter was that
this occurred during a warm day late in the
month of Oct. ; it proceeded entirely from
the aphides, for they literally covered the
leaves of the willow, and could be seen plain-
ly, ejecting the sweet liquid, while they fed
on the leaves. This was plainly the cause
of the honey dew in this case, but it is by no
means clear, that such is always the case.

See HONEY DEW.

ASTERS. Under this head, we have a
large class of autumn flowers, most of which
are honey bearing ; they may be distin-
guished from the helianthus, or artichoke
and sunfloAver family, by the color of the ray
flowers. The ray flowers are tlie outer col-
ored leaves of the flower, which stand out
like rays ; in fact, the word aster means star,
because these ray flowers stand out like the
rays of a star. Many of the yellow autumn
flowers are called asters, but this is an error,
for the asters are never yellow, except in
the centre. The outside, or rays, are blue,
piu-ple or white. You may frequently find
a half dozen different varieties growing al-
most side by side. Where there are acres of
them so to speak, they sometimes yield
considerable honey, but some seasons they

272

GLEANIN^GS IN^ BEE CULTUEE.

Oct.

seem to be unnoticed by the bees. I do not
think it will pay to attempt to cviltivate
them for honey ; better move your bees to
where they grow naturally, when you liave
determined by moving a single hive first, as
a test, whether they are yielding honey in
paying quantities.

Where the asters and golden rod abound
largely, it may be best to defer feeding un-
til these plants have ceased to yield honey;
say the last of Sept.

There are 2398 of j^ou this 28th day sf Oct.

Agravating : To have sold a hybrid queen, and
then can not find the "Ja-fle."

The yellow Italians, are making every thing roar,
on the fall asters which have just come out ; and, by
the way, some of them are making- things lively
around the houses where the women are canning
peaches.

Our neighbors Dean, and Blakeslee, have been
feeding extracted honey to get their unfinished sec-
tion boxes ready for market. The liquid honey costs
10c. by the barrel, and the sections bring 25c. To
"cipher" out this matter, I put a one-story hive on
a pair of scales, removed all the combs ))ut the 5
containg brood, and put in their place :M sections,
put on an upper story, and set a pan ei^ntaining ^'4
lbs, of thick liquid honey riuht over them, spreading
on cheese cloth to prevent drowning. In four days
the honey was out of the pan; and how much do
you suppose the si-iles had ^one down V None to be
perceived, but tiiev liavc now lieen two days at woi-k
sealing the honey; and have lost i.t lb. The sections
contained comb built out full length, but most of
the honey v/as found in the 5 brood combs, and the
queen very much cramped for room.

> ^ ♦

Latest intelligence "from the seat of war;—" The
candy slab- inside of an L frame, was all taken out by
a moderate colony in less than 2 weeks, so that not a
crumb of candy was to be found anywhere. A large

amount of brood was started, and the plan of feed-
ing seems to possess all the good qualities of liquid
food, with no trouble whatever, except hanging the
frame in the hive. The grape sugar has been receiv-
ed, and it not only looks very much like the candy,
but our bees work on it just as it comes from the
factory, without any admixture of honey at all. The
Italians take it much faster than the hybrids, and
what seems to me astonishing, is that lumps laid in
front of the hives, will be all used up rigkt in the
middle of the day, without a robber coming near. I
presume it is because the blacks and hybrids are too
lazy to bring water to moisten it with. Some col-
onies have taken a lb. a day from a lump laid over
the frames under the quilt,

I have not yet tried mixing flour with it, but have
visions of rye Hour at I'jC, mixed with grape sugar
at 'dV2, making a candy for— perhaps we had better
hold on until we are sure it is good for wintering. I
will giv'e the matter a thorough test just as fast as
I can.

FBICi: LIST OP QUEENS.

Imported queens will be f 6.00, If I select the best
to flU your order, or f 5.00, if I select the poorest.
What I mean by best, is those which are largest and
lightest in color, that produce the largest and yel-
lowest bees, and are the most prolilic layers. It
takes a long time to test a queen for honey gather-
ing, and therefore it would be nothing strange. If
those sent out at the lesser price, are really most
valuable.

Tested Queens reared from Imported mothers hav-
ing all the above good qualities, $3. ; with pai't of the
above good qualities, S^3.50, and the poorest, that I
feel sure are not hyl)i-ids, *1.50. Now I am going to
try to have the abo\ e satisfactory, and if they are
n(")t, you are to send them back, inside of 40 days and
get your money or aiiotlu r ([iieen, as you choose.

Voung queens just eonunencing to lay, will be sold
for $1. , if you come and get them ; if you want them
sent by mail, send us 10c, for cage and postage.

Queens that have been tested and "found want-
ing," will be sold for .50c. I also reserve the privilege
of sending out any kind of a queen that I do not like,
as a 50c. queen. I have made the above conditions
that I may be enabled to "pick out" queens to
order, without doing any of you an injustice. The
dollar queens, are always taken just as they come.
If any of you can furnish them cheaper, I will rejoice
with the rest.

A SECTION BOX FILLED WITH HONEY.
Some of you have asked so many questions in regard to the Section Boxes of honey, I thought I would
give j^ou a i-eal good picture of one ; have I not succeeded ? You can ha\'e the frame as a model to work from,
and you may show the honey to your bees telling them you wish the honey built cleai- up to the wood, like
this one. They are ^% square, 2 inches thick, and weigh just 1 lb., and when you can produce packages like
the above, you can sit in your apiary and work as independent as good honest folks like we are (?) ought to
be, while customers inquire for and hunt us up, just for the privilege of taking all we can raise, at 35c. per
lb. Several tons of such honey could now be sold in the city of Cleveland alone, at the above price. From
3 to 5c. per lb. on a crop of honey, is quite an item ; the bees will put it in the right shape just as well as any.

1877,

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

273

INTRODUCING Ql^EENS.

fiiHE queen sent mo before, arrived in due time
and In (irood shape. I immediately depi-lved a
J swarm in an American hive, of their queen, and

in. 24 hours afterward tried to Introduce the new
queen. They rejected her vigorously. 1 kept the
queen cells destroyed and tried to get them to accept
her each day, for i'<?»i consecutive days, and they re-
jected her as stubbornly the last day as they did the
"first. I employed sweetened water and peppermint
and smoke, but to no purjiose. When caged, I kept
tlie queen in the hive sometimes on the frames, but
most of the time In a wirecloth tube inserted between
the combs. On morning ol the eleventh day I found
her dead In the cajire. I then oflfered them their old
queen, which I had preserved in a nucleus. They
seemed glad to see her and on examination the next
day found her laving and every thing anparently all
right. To day I find them queenless and with no un-
sealed brood. You will please send me another queen
by mall for the 81,10 encloseil, with as little delay m
possible. The Simplicity hive suits me better than
any hive I have yet seen.

James R Walkek, Forest City, Illinois.

Cases like the above will occasionally occur,
and I know of no better way than to keep try-
ing as you did ; but I would be very careful
that the queen had plenty of food all this time.
If there is food in the cage, where the outside
bees cannot reach it, I should expect her to
live safely a couple of weeks or more. 7 have
never lost a queen in the candy cages in a hive,
and I have had them caged a long time. If you
remove all their queen cells, after their brood
i^ all sealed up, they will usually receive a
queen, but when they get so determined as in
the case you mention, they will sometimes kill
every queen offered them. In such cases, it
does them good to take all their combs away,
and leave them until they are humbled by hun-
ger; then feed them liberally, and release the
queen among them. When they seem to be all
right, give them back their combs. Such cases
usually occur in the fall, after the honey yield
has ceased, and generally when they are rather
short of honey. Feeding regularly for several
days before the queen is given them, will often
get them into a friendly mood, if they can be
free from the annoyance of robbers.

Two or three have reported losses because
they did not follow, in full, the directions I
gave in the ABC, especially in regard to look-
ing into the hive 20 or 30 minutes after the
queen is released. They waited a half day, and
then found her dead in a knot of bees, while if
they had looked at the time mentioned, they
could have rescued her unharmed. No matter
how well a queen is received at tirst, you
should take a second look at her, after she has
had time to make a complete promenade of the
hive.

aitt ■Qt ^m

Another discovery :— If queen cells are built on a
new sheet of fdn. (a matter that can easily be secured
by putting a sheet In a hive until eggs are deposited
lu It, and then putting it in a queenless colony) we
can pick the cells, when ripe, from the sheet without
mutilating either the cell or the comb. Well, 11 you
put the cells in a lamp nursery a.s soon as they are
sealed, they will remain so transparent that you can
see the queen all the time, when the como is held be-
tween you and the sun ; and now comes the beauty of
the whole matter. A!)out .■? hours before the queen
bites her way out, she begins to move: keep the
temperature full up to 1(0 and as fast as you discover
queens moving, pick off the cells and lav them over
the cluster of bees between two combs. If the bees do
tear the cell down, tliey have a live queen, and If they
do not, she Is sure to hatch in 3 or 4 hours. In either
case there is no dclav, and the queen to be removed,
Is kept laying in the hive until the last minute.

From Different Fields.

fjjHE tested queen you sent me, I introduced Aug.
5th, and she commenced to lay at once— result —
— J the black bees have disappeared as if by mnglc,
and in their stead 1 have a line stock of uniformly
three banded bees of great slz'^. I thought some time
ago that my bees were not doing anything with the
fdn., but upon examination since, I falrlv shouted. In
good old Methodist style, to Und more than one sheet
built out, and full of young brood, capi)ed and as
"heavy as lead." j. n. Blain.

Mt. Sterling, Ohio, Sept. 10th, '77.

Smoker rec'd to-day, used It in removing boxes and
fire did not go out; think I shall like ii very much.
Queen received of you a few ilays ago is laying nicely.
M. Shuck, Des Moines. Iowa, Sept. 14, '77.

In "Notes and Queries," Sept. No. of Gi.eani.sgs
*' P." asks how he can cool bees wax In large cakes
without its cracking. I have caked wax in sl< quart
milk pans without Ins cracking, by covering the pane
to keep It from cooling rapidly on the top.

Wasn't Chinese Wistaria ailvertised a couple of
years ago, as a honey producing, climbing vine J*

Edgar Sagek, Hudson, Ills., Sept. 12th. '77.

Wistaria produces pollen only ; see page 58,
Vol. III. ______

SWEET CLOVER.

We have had a very poor honev season and I did
expect to go Into " Blasted Hopes" this fall, but I see
now that I will get to the other side. We had a rain
the last ot Aug. and there Is now a great flov of hon-
ey, for I And one hive has made 40 lbs. In 10 da' sin
section boxes and another little less; they are rolling
In honey now. No swarms this season. I have raised
sweet clover for 8 years, and find It the best honey
plant here about; It blooms irom May to Nov. I have
some 9 feet In height, in bloom, and black with bees
all day. Cultivate the same as corn.

ALEX. FiDUES, Centralia, Ills., Sept. 7th, 1877.

I have tried to use fdn. in places where I have cut
out pieces of drone comb, but have found it next to
impossible to keep it straight, as it appears to me, it
must be put in nearly the size of the openings and
then it will bulge. I use the two story Langstroth
and after considerable attention, had succeeded la
getting nearly all worker comb In the lower story.
Having spare combs for tlie upper storj', I expected
this season, to have got along well, but the queens,
with very few exceptions, would persist In laying ki
the upper story and It kept me busy fighting against
drone brood, instead of extracting. Doolittle says,
"Keep her eggs out ol the combs we extract from"—
but how? The British bee-keepers, I observe use
perforated zinc, for this purpose, as it would appear
with good result.

The early part of the season, was good, but since
the middle of July bees have done little more than
sunply their want's. Briar.

Fitzroy Harbor, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 31st, 77.

If you attach your fdn. only at the upper
edge, you will have no bulging. As it is quite
a task to cut out and replace the drone comb,
we have decided to melt them up, and make
new comb of fdn.; the great amount of wax in
many of the old combs, will more than pay for
a nice new comb. We have had very little
trouble with the queen laying in the upper
story in drone comb, if the combs are spread
so far apart that the cells are made very deep.
This makes the labor of extracting very much
less, and also the labor of the bees, for if you
get combs for the extractor twice the ordinary
thickness, you save half the labor of capping,
and yourself half the labor of uncapping. The
perforated separators, or even the common
tin separators we use for sections, would with-
out doubt keep the queen from going above,
but we should consider them unnecessary ma-
chinery.

274

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Ocx.

Began in the spring with 29 stocks ; increased to 47
and took 250 lbs. extracted and lOOo \bs. comb honey.
The comb honey is in the section boxes, which 1 like
very much. I use the 8 frame Langstroth hive. The
season was good in June and July, but too wet in
May and too dry in August. Bee's, one-halt' Italian
and one-half hybrid. The hybrids did best until the
drouth came on, then the Italians came to the front.

Tiie extractor you sent me suits to a T. 1 think it
fills the bill exactly.

The country here has been settled about 20 years,
and this is the first year during which white clover
has grown in sulHo^ent quantity to help the bees
much, but it helped vvondertuly this year. Our honey
is ootained mostly Irom Iruit blossoms, white
clover, basswooil, buckwheat, and the prairie fiowers.
Three cheers for Gleanings and a 'Vifirer" for "Our
Homes." J. F. spauli>ing.

(Jdaries City, Iowa, Sept. 4th, 1877.

A gentleman, who has some bees, has been very
klml to me and I would like to give him one of your
honey knives for a present. 1 enclose a dollar.

John \Vm. Andrews.

Hermitage Landing, La., Aug. 21et, 1877.

There! Is not that the rijrlit sentiment? I
do not mean that jou should give every body
honey knives, but it vyould be a fine thing if
we all made a practice of remembering the
kindnesses done us, In the same substantial
and neighborly vray. It is a pleasant thing to
help those about us, and it is also pleasant to
feel that our efforts have been appreciated and
remembered.

The day that I sent for the hive my bees com-
menced dying ; we think it the cholera. The
bees come out of the gum on a run as if they
were going to fly, but they can't rise, and fall to the
ground dead. My brother caught a swarm of hybrids
in June, and in putting them in the hive he killed the
queen. It was a small swarm and dwindled away,
but there were young bees in tha comb, full grown.
Now, where did the eggs that hatched the young bees,
come from? My Italians are piled all over the hive ;
how would it do to brush them ofi" into another hive
and get a queen for them ?

Btkon Kiogs, Turman's Creek, Pa.

I cau think of no other reason for your bees
dying than that they are out of honey and
starving ; they sometimes crawl out of the hive
in the way yuu mention, under such circum-
stances. Your brother, doubtless, hived an
after swarm that contained two or more
queens, and only killed one of them. You can
make a colony by brushing off the loafing bees
and giving them a queen, but you will have to
give them a comb ol' brood to make them stay
contentedly; and if no honey is coming in, you
would have to furnish combs or fdn., and feed.

BEES KILLING YOUNG WORKERS, COLOR OF DRONES.

Will you please tell me what is the trouble with my
bees. One swarm is killing their young bees as fast
as they liatch. They kill and drive them out just as
they do the drones. I'liey have plenty of honey in
the hive ; they storod iw lbs. in sections. How can
you tell pure drones ? I have two Italian queens, one
"from Nellis tlie other from Alley ; the drones are not
alike. Tlie queen Irom Alley has drones with three
yellow bands with snots of yellow on the fourth ring;
the queen from Neliis hatches drones with one yellow
band and spots of yellow. Why the difl'erence in the
drones, if the queens are pure'? The workers show
the raark^ of purity. If these queens were bred from
imported mothers and purely fertilized, why are they
not as good as imported to raise queens from ?

E. A. RoiJiNSON, Exeter, Maine, Sept. 10th, '77.

I cannot tell why your bees kill the workers,
having never met a case of the kind, although
several cases such as yours have been men-
tioned. Are you sure more dead bees are
brought out than are usually seen at the en-
trance, very early in the morning, because they
are in some way imperfect V You can tell little
or nothing ia regard to the purity of a queen.

by the color of the drories or quefens ; they vary
iu color and markings, greatly. Your queens
may be just as good as imported stock direct,
but it seems to be the general opinion that the
best honey gatherers, are those from freshly
imported stock : at any rate, we have much
better and hardier bees now, than when we re-
lied on home bred mothers, and carefully se-
lected the yellowest stock.

I opened the nucleus this morning and found im-
ported queen all right. Just 20 dead bees in the hive.
The packing could not be better, so far as I can see.
Thanks for promptness. E. M. Hathurst.

Kansas City, Mo., Sept. 8th, 1877.

Prcrgeny of S1.(0 queen Is out— finely marked.

D. H. Tweedy, Smithfield, O., Sept. r2ih, 17.

We are glad to hear your queen pleases, for
not all of the dollar queens produce pure
workers. The black bees are nearly all out of
our neighborhood, but there are many hybrids,
and we are endeavoring to get rid of these too,
by offering them at SOc each. It is true, their
drones are pure, but such stocks frequently
swarm or replace their queens, in which case
we should have hybrid drones, and most likely
in great abundance. On this account I would
advise all who think of rearing queens for sale,
to replace all hybrids before any drones can be
raised. If you are raising honey only, I think
the hybrids will in some ccises, produce even
more than the full blooods.

WINTERING.

I use the 8 frame L. hive, tight bottom with entrance
blocks and portico. Have ten colonies of Italians. This is
my second year's experience keeping bees, and I naturally
dread the winter, as 1 lost all last winter. I think of pack-
ing them, side by side, about a foot apart in a crib of chaff.
Shall I close the entrance, and bore a f hole in front ? If
so how near the top, shall I raise the rear end of the hive
and how much ? My hives are same depth as yours.

I think of packing them some warm day in Oct. Shall
I extract from one or two center combs if they are full of
honey then? Shall I put in tin or zinc thhnblesto prevent
the bees filling the holes in the combs ? Will you tell us
about some of these things in the October No.?

Sample section box rec'd. I don't see how you can saw
them so smoth. The fdn, enticed the bees into the boxes
instantly. G.W.Haven.

Bloomingdale, Mich., Sept 8th 1877.

If I were going to have an auger hole for
winter entrance, I would have it about half
way up the front; but my friend, if you have
your bees packed in chaff, and in such close
quarters that they completely fill their winter-
ing cavity, so that they are crowded out at the
entrance except during cool weather, you can
let them have their usual summer entrance and
can omit all winter entrances and all such fus-
sing, for the bees can go around their combs
as well in winter as in summer. 1 would not
raise the rear end of the hive, unless it was be-
cause the roof might leak otherwise, as many
of the old style L. hives will do. I would not
use the metal thimbles, and very much doubt
the utility of holes in the combs at all. When
your bees get over to one side of the hive and
cannot get back, it is because their wintering
apartment is much too large for the colony.
If you move your bees into a crib, you will lose
bees when moving, both in the fall and spring.
Besides, your bees will be very apt to mix up
and rob, after being changed about in this way.
Fix up a good nice summer stand for them,
grape vines for shade, &c., and leave them
there always.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

275

Gleanings Is <all right, but notwithstanding wc
liave 15 bee-keepers In anil arouad our town, 1 know
of but one besides myself who takes a Bee Journal. I
could lend Cii.KANiNCJS all over our town and county
but can't get any of them to invest. Don't you think
they will prosper ? V. (jIkaiiam, Johnstown, Pa.

Your pf ople are by no means peculiar, friend
G., and instead of censuring tliem too much I
would accommodate them all I could coiisi>t-
ly, and trust to their coming out on the right
side, when they have suflicient evidence. Our
best people, are often slow in adopting new
ideas. You know there is an opposite extreme,
of investing in everything that comes along.

Bees are gathering honey very fast now, from honey
<lew and sumach. C. I'ooL.

Carthage, Mo., July 30th, 1877.

What plan would best prevent bees from building
comb across, from the comb of one frame to the comb
of another ; and also prevent them from building
comb on the lop of the frames ?

Robert A. Bomng, Perrysville, O., June 22, '77.

The tirst part of your question seems to
come under the head of straight combs, and
this subject has been fully discussed in our
back numbers, the fdn., finally setting the mat-
ter at rest, for all time to come, I trust. We
have found nothing so good as the sheet of
duck, to keep the bees oft* the top bars, and
if it is pressed down close to the top bars of
the frames, every time the hive is closed, there
will be no combs built above the frames. As
the bees sometimes get a habit of pushing up
under the duck, it may be well to keep the
chair cushion on it. This should always be
done in cool weather, but for convenience, it
may be omitted during the summer months.

Like a woman, I leave the best of my letter for Ihe
last, and that is, that I transferred to-day, and so far
the success seems perfect. It is worth a line mo.e
(from one of your disciples) to say if my transler
'■•sticks,^'' 1 shall have made an additional colony of
of line black bees— about a peck-for one of my neigh-
bors, hearing of my intention, dared me to try tlie ex-
jieriment on an old round log gum of his, wliich lie
intended to kill in order to rob. 1 got an abundance
of brood comb and a little with sealed honey for the
frames. The whole lower story is full of them and I
will give them another as soon as the queen arrives
and all gets quieted. Lawrenck Johnson.

Holly Springs, Miss., July 13th, 1877.

In using your frames for box honey this summer,
♦lidn't the queen ever deposit eggs in any of the cells,
nor the bees deposit bee bread in them ? If I were
certain that they would not do so I would either sell
my boxes (for half price it need be) or split them up,
and buy the ones yon make, f believe if the queen
will let them alone and the bees put no bee bread in
them, they are destined to become the ijoney box.

Couldn't they be made by using the material for
Iruit boxes? It is lighter, and my customers don't
want to pay for much wood. W. S. Boyd.

Bethany, O., August 30th, 1877.

I have never seen nor heard of a single cell
of brood or pollen in section boxes, when the
separators were used. A neighbor who used
them without the separators, had some filled
with brood. The veneer that berry boxes are
made of, has been many times suggested, and
has been used, but it can not be made to make
as neat and strong a box ; more than all, I do
not know how the veneer boxes can be made
as cheaply, if we include the groove for hold-
ing the fdn.

The season continues poor all the wav through;
buckwheat did very well for a lew days. Shan't av-
erage more than two 50 lb. crates to the hive this
season, and have made no more increase than usual.
We consider it the poorest season since 71. Filteen

miles north of here I understaml that friend Dickin-
son has had an extra good crop of nice honey. I had
sown an extra quantity of white and alblke that came
into bloom, and thought I never had better pasture;
still we lalled to get the honey. My bees were bred
up early, and I credit these two points with what I
«H> KCt. J. p. MOORE.

Binghampton, N. Y., Aug. 30th, 1877.

Well it really is (oo bad friend M., if you
only got 100 lbs. of comb honey to the colony.
I am sure we all feel "awful" sorry for you.
By the way, you don't say how many colonies.
Why is it that you folks who always get such
luriie yields per hive, do not keep a greater
number? Is it on account of overstocking or
bi^cause you could not give a large number
the same care ?

My bf es do not work on borage, rape, nor mignon-
ette; what is the reason y I have a plant called by us,
mothf) wort, that beats anything I ever trl?d.

VVai. St. Martz, Moonshine, Ills., July .31, '77.
. Almost all honey bearing plants are at
times neglected by the bees, and a plant that
seems a great success one season, may be en-
tirely unnoticed the next. Motherwort is a
near relative of catnip, and is almost always
visited by bees when it is in bloom. It would
be very interesting to test a large field of it.

CROSS BEES AND THE REMEDY.

My bees are so very cross that they will attack me
freiiuently when I am at the distance of 30 vards from
the hives. They are blacks and hybrids. "Bees have
not done well here this season, but are now gathering
some honey. I shall sell them all this season, if I can
getS(; 00 per colony, and ])ay you your price, for a col-
ony ot Italians next season. J. G. Warner.

Butler, Mo., August 4th, 1877.

But would not that be a very expensive
way, friend W. ? Dollar queens would fix
tlit'in all, in a very short time, and tested
queens, would make a sure thing of it the first
lime. Do not expect too much in the way of
gentleness, for even pure Italians are some-
times very cross, when the honey crop has
just failed. If you select the gentlest bees,
you are very apt to get those of less value as
honey gatherers.

The section boxes and packing case In the Augnst
No. of Gleanings made me open my eyes, and they
put a little more common sense into my head, in the
way of " bee culture." When you sent me the sample
of section box, not long since, 1 didn't know what you
meant bj' It; thought at lirst it was a small honey box.
So when you sent me the August No. I saw your
packing case, &o., and understood what you meant by
section boxes; and now I can work the problem. You
somewhat surprised me, when you sent me the Aug,
No. of Gi^eanings for 4c ; it not only made me think
you an honest man, but led me to conclude you were
rnore willing to help others, than they to help you.
Henry Baker, Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 1, 1877.

The above illustrates the value of engra-
vings. People have hardly time to study out
a prosy description, who would take the whole
matter in at a single glance, were it pictured
out plainly. You give us more credit than we
deserve, friend B. In our attempts to answer
all the questions sent us. we give away thous-
ands of copies of Gleanings, and most of the
time, do not get even one cent. Every sample
copy, contains a price list of the goods we
have for sale, and this way of advertising, en-
ables us to disseminate information to great
multitudes without being under the necessity
of asking them for any pay, unless they become
regular subscribers.

276

GLEANINGS m BEE CULTURE.

Oct.

By to- day's mall I send you a specimen of two
winged fly tbat seems to like l)ee3 for a diet. I have
seen tUree of iliem witii lionsy bees, a friend saw one
witli a 'nimble bee. and I saw one with a grass hop-
per. Tney seem to snck the juic^ from them. 1
would like to Unjw its name. V. VV. Kee.sev.

Shirland, Ills., Aug. 22d, 1877.

The fl/ referred to is the AsUus Miswuriensis, the
same mentioned on page ^9 oi -Manual of the Apia-
ry." These Hies are very strong, llerce and voracious.
I once saw one of an allied species attack and whip a
liger beetle, both of which I then took with my net,
and have them framed in our College museum just as
I took them. I know of n j way to tight them success-
fully. 1 d ubt if they wid ever be numerous enough
to do serious harm, and besides, they do much good
in killing insect enemies which will serve as a partial
offset to their evil work. A. J. Cook.

Lansing, Mich., Aug. 8th, 1877.

If you wish your bees to ba sure to die, du-
ring the coming winter, I know o' no better
way than to do'as this fellow does. He siys :

" ' I'm sitting sadly on the strand that stretches to
the water's brink, and as the day slips slowly by, 1
idly fold mv hands an t think.' Wnilst he is sitting
on the strand with idly folded hands, his family at
home mav be suflfering for the necessaries of life. He
should skirmish around, before the dav slips slowly
by, and secure a job at digging a cellar."

WINTERING IN THE SOUTH.

I see in Gleanings, page 204, that you say the bees
in the. Southern States die in winter the same way as
In the North. I think you might have added— when
bees requiri winteriag'in cellars or houses ; as I nev-
er knew a colo.iy of bees to perish or dwindle down
to nothing in this latitude, and all the bees here are
left on their summer stand, without any protection
whatever, just as tliev stood all summer.

Paul L. ViALLON,"Bayou Goula, La., Aug. 28, '77.

. I did not mean to say they always dwindled,
for they do not even here ; but reports have
been given in our back No's, of much the same
malady in winter and spring, that we have
had in the Northern States. Of late, we too,
have been much less troubled with it.

Our fall crop of honev bids fair to be the largest for
many years. I attribute it to a stock law recently
passedin this county. I noticed many flowers bios
soming that were formerly kept doivn bv cattle roam-
ing at large. A. X. Illinski.

St. Clare, Ills., Aug. 30th, 1877.
Bse-keepers are certainly not the only peo-
ple who will b3 benefitted by having the
cattle kept in proper enclosures.

SMOTIIEKI.SG I$EES.

A few days ago, in taking off an upper story I start-
ed some combs, and robbing set in; I closed the en-
trance with wire cloth, but it became stopped up
solid. On opening the hive at night I found the
combs melted down in a heap and bees all dead
(smothered) except about one quart which were most-
ly on the outside of the hives. If I had known the
jjassage was stopped inside the wires I could have
saved thara. They were so hot I could hardly hold
my hand inside the hive. A brimstone match could
not have done it more effectively. 1 have now got
ventilation on the brain and do not think I shall be
caught aiain in that way. N. A. Pkuduen.

Ann Arbor, Mich., Aug. 22d, 1877.

Be not too hasty on ventilation ; there seems
to be something a little obscure about the
matter. I too have had colonies melted down
in a short time, where the entrance was cov-
ered with wire cloth, but have repeatedly
closed the hive tight with sawdust for several
days, without doing any injury. In the house
apiary, I also close the entrances wii:h a wad
of paper without any bad results, but if wire
cloth were used the bees would pack them-
selves so closely against it as to become first
wet, and then hot, and finally suftbcated. In

shipping bees, we are in danger of having the
same trouble, unless we have a large surface
of wire cloth ; and I have, during the very
warmest weather, covered not only the whole
top of the hive with wire cloth, but the bot-
tom also. When I adopted the latter precau-
tion, they always went safely.

HONEY IN JAKS AND VASES, AND EMBOSSING IN
HONEV COMB.

Please inform me if bees will build honey in glas»
jarfi, or if there is any process known by which to
make them do so ? Henky Vaks.

Richmond, Texas, Sept. 6lh, 1877.

You can easily induce them to store in glass
jars, vases, globes, fruit cans or any thing else,
almost, by fastening bits of comb, or what is
still better, fdn., just where you wish the combs
to be. Tnere is however a difiiculty, because
the combs are liable to break loose and slip
down, on account of the unequal expansion of
glass and wax. The remedy consists in ma-
king a frame of wood or paste board, to hold
the combs, supported from the bottom. Yoa
can then have the va?e so as to lift off from the
whole wax structure. Those who are curious,
can have very fanciful combs built in these
vases. Friend Boardman of Huron, O., has
just sent us a section of honey having a cross
on one side and a diamond on the other, em-
bossed in the sealed honey comb. This was
probably produced by taking advantage of the
propensity of the bees to bulge out their combs
where an opening presents itself, as we have
all noticed they at times do, by bulging one
comb into an opening in the one next it. Now,
if we should set a board next the honey in a
section while it was being built, with the fig-
ure of a cross cut in it, we wou'.d have a bulged
cross in the comb when it was built. To suc-
ceed in this, we should only experiment when
honey is coming in rapidly, or by rapid feeding.
We once had several fine glass vases filled with
honey by simply cementing bits of comb to
their tops ; but the bees disliked the glasses on
account of the slipping they experienced in
trying to climb up it, and they swarmed out
twice before finishing their task.

The queen ordered is received and introduced safe-
ly. She looked to me as though not fertile, but I
hope she is all right. A. O. VVashbukn.

Bloomington, Ills., Sept. 8th, 1877.

The same remark has been made so many
times, I think it best to state that a queen,
after a long trip in a cage, does look precisely
like a virgin queen ; but that she will regain
her accustomed size after being for a few days
in a populous colony. Queens in small nuclei,
almost always get small, sooner or later, but
after having plenty of bees given them, they
get large and long.

We are entirely out of surplus queens. Have been
hard pu'ihcd all the season to keep up with orders.
Bees )iavc been working nicely on buckwheat, and
ai-o now gathering freelv from the large smart weed
and other fall bloom. Can't say yet, how many colo-
nits we will winter. Have now SiS, but still orders
come in. J. M. BuooKS & Co.

EUzabethtown, Ind., Sept. 6th, 1877.

B.'es in this part of the country wintered very
poorly last winter ; some persons lost their entire
stock, others half or more. I lost none. I packed
mine in dry corn husks (i inches thick and never saw
bees winter so well. Some colonies gave IKi lbs. hon-
ey this season, besides doubling th:,- entire number.

J. B. Fekguson, Jennie's Creek, W. Va., Aug. 31.

187T

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE,

277

ur %€mi'

But even the very hairs of your head are all num-
t)ereci. Fear not tliereiore; ye are of more value than
tuany sparrows.— Luke 1"2 ; 7.

/'j^HE Sabbath school I have several times
Jl spoken of, continues to flourish, and I be-
— ' lieve to the mutual advantage cf both
scholars and teachers ; at least it has the ef-
fect of making my Sabbath afternoons, very
pleasant ones. I wish to tell you of another
one, because some of the incidents connected
with its starting, seem to illustrate just what
I wish to say in regard to the labor question.
About 5 miles distant from the school men-
tioned, there is a small settlement on the rail-
road, consisting principally of three beer sa-
loons, and secondarily of various shops and
iiouses grouped about them. About }^ of a
mile "out of town," is a small red bchool
house, where all public gatherings are held,
that are for any reason deemed uusuited to the
accommodations of the aforesaid saloons.

When the matter was discussed of pushing
the Murphy temperance meetings into this
place, we were told that they had no religious
meetings of any kind in the town, and that
therefore no one went to meeting at all on the
iSabbath. I afterward found that a circuit
preacher held a meeting in the school house
every Sabbath afternoon, but as his flock con-
sisted of only four members, the people in town
had u-evtr attended, because they had probably
uever heard there was a meeting. Well, we
had a temperance meeting one Sabbath al'ttr-
aioou, and the house was not only well tilled,
but many corgregated on the out side, arouiui
the doors and windows. These were invited
to come in, but as they kept up a running
comment while the speaker was talking, they
were doubtless more at their ease outside.
Quite a goodly number of names was obtained,
and for the accommodation of all, it was de-
cided to hold another meeting in a grove near
by, two weeks from that time.

The time came, and when I arrived, rather
late, for I could not neglect my Sabbath
f^chool, I found a large gathering, but they
were scattered about the wood in little groups
and as before, kept up a regular buzz of talk
among themselves. They reminded me of a
good sized colony of bees that had been for
isome time queenless. It mattered not who
was the speaker, they seemed to have but lit-
tle respect for his feelings; flcally a very plain
outspoken one of our number ventured to re-
monstrate with them, and a group of large
boys barefooted and in their shirt sleeves,
talked back to him rather defiantly. I felt a
little troubled at this, for I had pretty well de-
cided in my own mind, that a Sabbath school
was just what was needed in the community,
and was almost the only thing that would get
hold of these well meaning, yet uncultured
brothers and sisters. After the speaker men-
tioned, the mayor of our town, v/ho was with
«s, ventured on some remarks ; this speaker al-
though an earnest temperance man is not a —
well I believe he belongs to the class who call
themselves modern sceptics, and of course had
no pai-ticular love in his heart for the:C beer

drinking people, such as one who has bren en-
gaged in mission Sabbath schools, and who
has seen the power of mild and gentle means,
would be most likely to have. The major
therefore, commencee a scathing reljuke to
the barefooted six footers who confronted
him, and told tlu in that boys of their size who
would come to a reiijiious meeting barefooted
and with dirty shins on— their shirts I after-
ward saw wtre clean, but as they were of a
checked ina-.erial that was somewhat faded, he
was some /.'hat excusable, for his hasty asser-
tion— were a ?hame ai,d distract' to any ueish-
borhood, and that it was the duly of the com-
munity to take them in hand.

Now, these boys had been drinking, and it
is very likely that they had been furnished
with it on purpose that they n;ightgo to the
temptrance nuetiug ai:d make a disturbance.
This L luoked upon as one of Satan's plans, and
I felt that it was our duty as a Christian peo-
ple, to consider the boys more as objects of
pi:y than blame. Of course a bretze v^as rais-
ed at once, and a flght was the very thing that
a large porton of the audience, doubtless, would
have liked to see. Our minister who was pres-
ent, approached the boys with several others,
and succeeded in partly piicifying them.

Among their number v/as one in particu-
lar, whom the mayor had very aptly dtsigta-
ted as the lion of the crowd. 'This lellow was
a powerfully built broad shouldered specimen
of humanity, and with his face flushed with
the drink he had taken, it seemed as idle to at-
tempt iniiaiidatiug him by threats, as it would
to try to drive a two-story hive of hybrids
without smoke. With us was a lady who
had had considerable experience with "public
schools, as well as some in the Sabbath
schools, and to her our minister appealed ; anel
then told the boys he had promised that she
should have respectful attention. This she did
have, so long as she spoke, and then the meet-
ing broke up.

Meanwhile, I made my arrangements for a
Sabbath school that very afternoon, and felt
somewhat embarrassed upon coming before
the principal trustee of the school house, to
find that he was barefooted also. At my first
remark, he looked at his feet and seemed to
feel ill at ease, and I then felt that I would
not have him for the world think I thought
any the less of him on that account. We had
forced ourselves into the presence of these peo-
ple, had invaded their neighborhood, as it
were, with the ostensible purpose of " doing
them good," and yet we were reproaching and
finding fault with them on account of their
manner of dress.

The house was at my disposal at once, just
as long as I wished it for such a purpose, with
a hearty good will that somewhat surprised
me. I went back to the boys, anel invited all
hands to come to Sunday school. The juven-
iles came along with but little urging, al-
though one of them did venture,

"Don't b'lieve yer got any carels with pic-
tures on 'em!"

"Very well, but you will try me once will

you not? I am a stranger, anel you can not

tell whether I tell the truth or not, but will

you come and see?"

Of course he came, and he and his mates

278

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Oct.

were soon out recruiting for me, for I have
found nothing in the world like giving child-
ren, new converts, and everybodj' else, for that
matter, something to do, if you wish to keep
up their enthusiasm. Our barefooted Hercu-
les, was not so easily won. He declined sha-
king hands even the second time, in spite of
all I could say, but did consent to go to Sun-
day school, and brought all his comrades
with him. They were supplied with books,
and very soon we made the house ring, with

" What a friend we have In Jesus."

I then explained that Jesus was the friend
of everybody, high or low, rich or poor, and as
I rather expected, Hercules asked if he was
the friend of those who went barefooted and
wore checked shirts. I answered as well as I
could, and when school closed, he took my
hand cordially and promised to come to Sun-
day school every Sabbath, and to help it along
all he could. Can you imagine how much I
thanked God that he had answered my prayers
so far, and had permitted me to come off con-
queror ?

The battle was not over however, for Satan
seldom gives up at one or two rebuffs ; he is
sharp and keen, and if you begin counting
your victory too soon, you will usually find
yourself unexpectedly outwitted. I looked in
vain for his face the next Sabbath, and the
next ; and as he staid away longer, I had a
sort of premonition that he would sooner or
later be heard from, in some way unexpect-
ly. In fact I was anxious to see him, for I
knew if ho came, all the rest of his class, would
be sure to come with him. I finally met him
one day on the street, and spoke to him pleas-
antly. Soon after, he came into the store, and
I noticed that he seemed particularly taken up
with a violin that was in the show case ; this
paved the way for an acquaintance, for he was
a very tolerable player, and I asked him again
to come and help with the Sabbath school
work. The next Sunday when school was
about half over, in he came, barefooted, and
dressed in a way that very plainly showed de-
fiance. He was accompanied by a half dozen
others, dressed much in the same way, and all
more or less under the effects of beer or some-
thing stronger. Even before they commenced
to talk aloud, I concluded I had better
give my attention to them, instead of the class
1 had in charge, and when an obscene remark
spoken aloud, struck my ear, my face burned
with indignation. Why should whiskey prompt
to everything that is low lived and despicable,
and why should it seem to strike death blows,
to everything pure and sacred? What could
induce these men, some of them doubtless
fathers of children, to become so utterly in-
different to the example they were setting
those little ones about them, who were there
in their clean clothes, and doing the very best
they knew how, to follow in the straight and
narrow path their teachers were laboring to
point out to them. As soon as I could conve-
niently, 1 started " Hold the Fort," and when
the singing ceased, I took good care to occupy
all the\ime by th« best counsel I could possi-
bly gather, on short notice. Whenever they
appeared in the least restless, I started some
hymn that they all knew, and thus kept things
tranquil until they seemed to have rather lost

or forgotten their purpose of interrupting us.
I then asked if some of our visitors would not
like to favor us with some remarks in regard
to the progress of the school and bowing
pleasantly to their leader, asked him if he
would not say something to the children. At
this he appeared somewhat embarrassed, and
finally said he believed he had nothing partic-
ular to offer.

"But you think our school is doing finely,
do you not?"

" Yes, you are doing very well indeed."

" And we can count on your assistance oc-
casionally, can we not?"

" Yes, boys," turning to his companions,
"this school is all right, and we are going to
help it along."

After he got out-doors, I was told that he
said he was coming again, but that he was
not coming in the same "fix" next time.

He was on hand promptly the next Sabbath,
and with his feet comfortably clothed. After
arranging the classes, I took those in his cor-
ner, for a Bible class, and labored earnestly,
during the greater part of the allotted time,
to draw something from the lesson of Paul at
Corinth. It seemed all of no avail. All my
remarks seemed to call forth nothing but that
listless indifference, that most teachers have
felt so often. I related anecdotes, but all to
no effect, ior if they heard me, they were not
sufficiently at home, or did not care to smile.
I could not get liold of them. Finally I touched
upon the idea of Paul's working week days,
and preaching on the Sabbath, and then asked
them why a minister should have three or
four dollars a day for preaching only on the
Sabbath, and doing nothing during the week.

" Now you boys work hard from sunrise un-
til sunset, do you not, on the farm ? "

" You bet we do. And not only that, we
get up before sunrise, and work after sunset,
if you count milking and all such, work."

This was the first full sentence, I had been
able to draw forth, and I felt somewhat en-
couraged.

" Now a man who teaches school, has only
to teach about six hours a day ; why should
he have more pay than you do, or is it really
right he should have as much ? "

All were now full of attention, and ready
with replies. When I had succeeded in get-
ting them to commit themselves fully, 1 ex-
plained to them as well as I could, the reason
why some people got great wages, for only a
few hour's work, and impressed them with the
idea that the way was open to every one of
them to do the same, if they were only willing
to set right about it, and to pay the price.

" Boys, if you had a valuable watch that
needed repairs, you would take it to a good
workman, one who was honest, and skilful, if
you could find such a one, would you not?"
They assented.

" Such a one, you would have to pay good
wages, but you would willingly do so, would
you not ? It would be much cheaper in the
end, than to have your watch injured by a dis-
honest man ; and besides, the last named,
would be very apt to make a larger bill, than
the former. Now suppose you had a boy,
whom you were anxious to have grow up in-
telligent, learned, and true. He would be

1877

GLEANIJ^GS IN BEE CULTURE.

279

very apt to pattern after his teacher ; and we
therefore want a teacher, who is the very soul
of honor. It is a far more serious thing to
have a boy spoiled, than a watch. If the
teacher taught temperance and honesty during
the day, and then went off and got drunk
nights, he would not be worth a very big
price would he ?"

"But we pay a big price, and they are not
honest then."

"Do you think honest people are scarce?"

" Yes."

" This makes the matter still worse, as we
shall have to pay all the more when we find
them, for the laws of demand and supply, gov-
ern this commodity as well as all otliers.
On the other hand there is the greater induce-
ment, for us to be honest. Now, a minister is
of still more moment to us, for he not only
takes charge of our children, but of grown up
people as well, and if we should make a blun-
der in our choice of 7«m, there would be great
danger of a general corruption all through.

" If you had 10 hives of bees, and 9 of them
were industrious while the tenth was doing
nothing bqt rob the others of their stores, all
might get along very well; but if 9 were rob-
bers and but one honest workers, the whole
apiary would soon come to ruin. It is so witti
the human family. If a man is so bad as to be
a counterfeiter or highway robber, he prefers
that the rest of the people should be honest
hard workers, or there would be no money for
him to steal ; so even he would like to have a
good honest minister to set people a good ex-
ample; and such men frequently pay hand-
somely for the support of a good minister. It
matters not what we are, if we employ anybody
we want him honest; if honest hands are
scarce and command large pay we must pay
the price ; and if they are to do very important
work, where something of great moment is
given entirely to their care, we must pay a
still greater price. If, added to honesty we
want a man educated and fully posted in all
modern impi'ovements, and fully alive to all
the affairs of our nation and others, I tell you
my friends we ought to be happy if we can get
such teachers of the people at any price.
Meanwhile, if we crave high wages, let us try
our level best to be honest too ; for honest and
well informed men are now being sought out,
and hunted up, for almost all avenues of busi-
ness.

" But voe are honest ! Are we ? There are
quite a number of us, and it has just been said
that honest men are very scarce. Is it not
rather probable, that we average just about
like the rest of humanity, and that every one
of us can do a great deal better ? I know of
one person at least, that can."

School is dismissed.

P. S. — Perhaps some of you would care to
know more of the young man whom I men-
tioned last month. Well, he is at this very min-
ute setting the type for these very words. He
is on hand promptly every Sabbath at both the
mission Sabbath schools, has a class usually,
in each, works as steadily as a clock during
the week, when he is not in the tops of the
highest trees in the woods cutting out bees.
And by the way, it was he who gave me almost
my entire lessons in getting the bees from a

tree. lie has now a swarm of his own that
was taken from a tree, and they are prospering
most beautifully, with the assistance of daily
rations of brown sugar in one of the wooden
feeders. In return for the lessons I tried to
give him a few months ago, he has taught me
— and you, how to take wild bees. It may
take some practice however, before we can
handle an axe in a tree top as he does, and
then climb out on the limbs while said top
goes crashing to the ij;round.

I have good reason to think that while he is
doing this dangerous work, he remembers who
it was that said " even the very hairs of your
head are all numbered, fear not, for ye are of
more value than many sparrows," and that
the same loving Father is watching over us,
whether in the Sabbath school doing the best
we can, or «mid the topmost limbs of a giant
elm

DEPOSITORY OF

Or Lietters from Tbose Wlio Have Made
Bee Culture a. Failure.

FRIEND sent for Gleanings about two weeks
AV ago. 1 have read them all through about three
!»^ times, and know more about bees than I could
have learned in 20 years without them. I had 22
hives of black bees last fall ; built ihem a light house
lor winter, housed them in Dec. and all were nice
and strong, with plenty of brood, the 10th of Feb.
when it came cff very warm and continued so until
afier the tirst of March. Thinking we would have
but little more cold weather 1 tore my house down,
and in 3 days my bees were covered with snow, and
the weather was colder than it had been before, du-
ring the winter. J got 6 into a small cellar and the
balance had to stay in the cold; the result was I had
9 weak s-.varms the fltst of May. So you will either
have to make a sei)arate place for me in Gleanings,
that of " blasted tools, " or do as 1 did with my bees,
leave me "'out in the cold." I have now 18 strong
swarms, wl)ich 1 don't think will be used as roughly
as they were last winter.

When is the best time to get Italian queens? I wish
to get 6 or 8 for my hives. I have never had a book
on bee-keeping to look at until I got Gleanings, and

all I have to say is, I wish it came every d well,

week, at least.

I have had but little surplus this season. Now, if
you put me in the column 1 spoke of, don't leave me
there by not answering my questions, because I want
to succeed with my bees ; and with Gleanings' help
I will succeed. There now !

Wm. L. King, Sodus, Mich.

We sometimes feel that we have made fools
of ourselves, friend K., and it may be a good
thing to feel so sometimes, if acknowledged
ignorance really is the beginning of wisdom.
Your experience only illustrates what we have
all been learning of late, that the bees need
protecting more in the spring when rearing
brood largely, than in the depth of winter. I
would advise dollar queens for all general pur-
poses, and in fact nearly all the queens now
sold are of this kind. They can be introduced
any mouth in the year when bees fly. Say from
March until Oct., inclusive. We usually do
the heaviest trade in them in Aug., and Sept.,
many are sent by mail as late as Oct., and some
have been sent safely in Nov.

1 made the mistake of many bee-keepere, in not
adopting tlie Lanpstroth hive. If I were to begin
again. I sliould do so. Don't like to change now.
Eugene Secok, Forest City, Iowa, Sept. 10, '77.

280

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Oct.

GOOD NEWS.

HOW TO WINTER BEES FOR 50c PER COLONY.

M FEW days ago a colouy was found that
^h. would let auy bee that wished, go in and

' help himself, as long as there was any

honey in the hive. In vain we tried to stir up
a spark of spunk in them ; they seemed to have
lost, or never had, the keen sense that ordinari-
ly enables bees to distinguish thieves from
their own inmates. They were well marked
Italians, and gentle, o/wwrse, but I was tired
of giving them combs of honey, only to let the
other bees learn bad habits, and demoralize
the whole apiary. 1 had almost determined to
let them suffer the result of their own lolly
one day when out of all patience with them,
but then came the thought, as it often does,
perhaps this case too, was sent me for the
purpose of doing me good, and unfolding some
grtat lesson, if I would only receive it mildly
autl patiently, instead of getting cross about ii.
'• Well you little scamps, what is the lesson a
body is to learn of youV I guess it must be
caudy,'" I said mentally, and went and brought
some. The robbers were on hand, and as soon
as 1 left the hive, they piled in to see how much
houey I had furnished this time. They worked
some on the candy, but it was too slow busi-
ness, aud I finally stopped the robbing entirely
by scenting their hive with essence of rose,
and the hive of the robbers with camphor. The
morning after, all bees that were perfumed
with camphor, were led out by the ear, or per-
haps leg, as soon as they made an appearance.
Under the caudy treatment, the combs soon
tilled up and every thing began to prosper, but
being quite busy I began wondering if there
were not some way of giving them a "big lot"
at one "dose." Candy bricks could be put on
the frames, it is true, but after they were con-
sumed, the bees were quite apt to build combs
above the frames instead. Putting a heavy
irarae of sealed honey into a hive seemed the
most satisfactory way, and I called the boy
who makes the candy for the queen cages, and
told him I wanted a cake of just such candy,
made inside of a Laugstroth frame. He soon
exhibited two of them looking and feeling like
blocks of marble, aud one was at once hung in
a nucleus hive that had an especial fancy for
swarming out every Sabbath when I was away
at Sabbath school, just because they had too
few bees, aud too little honey. They at once
filled their combs as if it were clover time, and
yet it was all done so quietly, that not a robber
even '•smelled" feeding. One such comb weighs
7 lbs and a pair of them, I verily do believe,
would winter a larije colony that had not one
drop of stores ; you could pack them up as
snugly as you chose in your chaff cushions,
and after their candy was all gone, they could
build a comb in the frame that contained it,
just as well as not if it happened to be left in
the hive until spring time. A very good col-
ony, could be fixed up on 4 empty combs placed
between the two slabs of candy, and can you
think of any possible way of putting their food
in a more compact form? Do you ever have
your nuclei swarm out because they in some
way get out of honey V Well, if you will make
the little hives so as to hold 3 frames, and have

the back one contain candy, you can run them
all summer, even if it is the worst season you
ever knew, without any solicitude in the mat-
ter. Lots of eggs were laid in the hive that
had been robbed so long, but as they were en-
tirely out of pollen, no larvae made its appear-
ance. The candy boy was again called, and
deeired to make some more, but to put 1-10
part of it wheat flour. This looked all right,
and another lot was made of }^ flour. The
bees ate this in preference to the pure sugar
candy, and soon had a nice lot of brood. Just
about this time, the following letter came to
hand:

I have been keeping house lor the last 46 years anrt
keeping bees more or less lor the lasi 40 years. Your
Gleanings is all new to me and 1 don't know where
to begin. 1 have never seen an Italian bee ; my bees
are all black. In box hives and don't do me much
good ; still I like to have them about me. The moth
is very troublesome here and witli all 1 can do, they
devour some ot my hives. I want to get some of the
Italians in your best hivep, and try my luck.

I see you recommend syrup maue irom coflfee sugar
for leeding l>ee8. This is very good, but in addition
to this I have used light wheat bread. 1 cut a
slice about one inch thick, then pour on molasses un-
til the bread is saturated ihoroughiy, lay ii under the
hive and they will come down and eat it up crust and
all. This I commence about the first of March, or
sooner if I see the bees are in want. In this way I
can lake a weak hive through un 2 lbs. of sugar and 3
lbs. of bread. I think this is cheaper than all molas-
ses, and then my bees don't dwindle away in April or
May and die. "Man can not live on bread alone."
A. PowELSON, Black Creek, O.

In the same mail, came also the following.

Some :i weeks ago I made 4 new swarms in the lol-
lovving manner: Having shaken and brushed all bees
from ihe frames ot 4 hives into 4 empty ones, I placed
the latter on the old stands and removed the former to
the place of 4 other lull hives, which 1 placed on new
stands. I began to leed the 4 new ones with corn or
grape sugar made into syrup and say 110 honey mixed
with it. The bees took it eagerly aud began building
comb immediately. They have now sealed brood ana
the hives are, say J to f lull of comb, and some of the
syrup is sealed. The comb is very white— remarkably
so. The sealing ot the cells containing brood has a
peculiar look, uiflerent Irom the ordinary appearance.
We have had very little lioney gathered lately and
judging by the tasie of what is btored In the 4 new
hives there has been very little, il any honey mixed
with the syrup by the bees. Many of my July
swarms arc very light; I would like to ask your advice,
and siiuuld be much obliged if you would ten<l it on
the enclosed postal card. Query : supposing that the
young bees in those 4 hives appear healthy when
hatched out, and that there appeals to bo nothing
wrong with the old ones, woulil you ventuie to leeii
the same syrup to the light hives lor wintering pui-
poses r' 1 vvinier in a large cellar well ventilated, it
should be remembered that the tyrup is beautifully
sealed over already. If 1 remtmber rightly Prof. Cook
seems to make a point ot leed being sealed over, ana
seems to consider that stores which are sealed are
tlierefore good. The sugar is bitter but very white
and dry and costs but 4 cts, whereas white cane
sugar costs He. Will write aud let you know the result
as soon as 1 am certain of it. Jc>un. Dickenson.

Milwaukee, Wis. Sept, 9th. 1877.

The bees which were fed on the grape sugar are
hatching out all right. J. L». Sept. 15, '77.

I replied that if it were my bees I would risk
it for winter stores. I fed glucose some years
ago, but had not tried the grape sugar, which
I suppose amounts to about the same thing.
After some inquiry I found where it was made,
and obtained the following :

Davenport Glucose Manv/acturing Co., Manufactu-
rers of tiuperior Double Rcjined Grape and Malt ISug-
ar, Crystal Glucose iiy')~up.

Davenport, Iowa, Sept. 12, '77.
We will furnish you our Su)). Double Refined Grape
Sugar at 3^20 in barrels of 375 lbs. and 4c in boxes of
.■50 or 100 lbs. We mail you a sample free, and yoir
may say what quantity you want.

Louis P. Best, Sup't.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

281

IJ»IPt,E]TIENTS FOR BEE CULTURE AL,-
PHABETICAELY AHRAHTOED.

For descriptions of the various articles, fee our tenth
editioi circular fouad in April No., Vol. V., or mail-
ed on application.

This price list to be taken in place of those of former
date.

Mailable articles are designated in the left hand col-
ursn of figures ; the figures giving the amount of postage
required.

Canada postage on merchandise is limited to 8^
oz., and nothing can be sent lor less than 10c.

B E E 8 .
Bees, full colony amply provided for winter, in

our new two story, chaff hive (described Nov. and

Dec.No's .. 76), tested queen from imported mother,

safe arrival guaranteed. . (Lawn hive §1 moi-e.) . .§15 00

The same in a 1 story Simplicitv hive 13 00

The same in old style L. hive with portico, etc 12 00

The same with hybrid queen 10,00

Not provisioned for winter (hybrids in old hive) 7,00

Two frame nucleus with tested queen 5 50

The same with dollar queen -l 00

For an imported queen in any of the above, add 35,00

We think we can prepare bees for shipping safely any
month in the year; when we fail in so doing.we will give
due notice.
10 I Bee-Hunting box, with printed instructions.. 25

0 Binder, Emerson's, for Gleanings 50, 60, 75

Balances, spring, for suspended hive (60 lbs) 8,00

10 Blocks, iron, for metal cornered frame making.... 15

One of the above is given free with every 100 frames, or
10(10 corners.

I Barrels for honey, §2,50 ; waxed and painted S3,50

Buzz-saw, foot-power, complete ; circular with cuts free

on application. Two saws and two gauges included. 135 CO

0 I Buzz-saws, extra, G in. 1,50; 7 in., 1.75; 8 inch. . 2 00

60 I Buzz saw mandrel and boxes complete for 6 inch

I saws 5 00

I The same for 7 .and 8 inch saws (not mailable) . . 8 00

I Comb Foundation JIachines complete fcO to 100 00

I Comb basket made of tin, holds 5 frames, has

I hinged cover and pair of handles 1 50

60 I Chaff cushions for wintering 30

25 I Chaff cushion division boards 20

Half price without the chaff, and postage 5 and 9c.
20 I Candy for bees, can be fed at any season, per lb. 17

20 I Corners, metal, per hundred 75

20 " " top only 1 00

15 I " " bottom, per hundred 50

On 1,000 or more a discount of 10 per cent, will be made,
and on 10,000 25 per cent. The latter will be given to
those who advertise metal cornered frames.

I Corners. Machinery complete fcr making 250 00

10 I Clasps for transferhnsr, package of 100 25

0 I Cards, queen registering, per doz. 6c, per 100. . . 40

1 I Cages, wood and wire cloth, provisioned, see p. 21 1 05
12 1 " " " per doz 50

2 I Cheese clol h, for strainers, per yard 10

12 I Duck, for feeding,and covering the frames — bees

I do not bite it— per yd. (29 inches wide) 20

I Extractors, according to size of frame S7 50 to 10 00
I " inside anil gearing,includinghoneygate 5 00
I " Hoops to go around the top (per doz. §5.) 50

5 I Feeder, Simplicity, (see page 239) 1 pint 5

7 I Feeders. 1 q't, tin, pepper box style 10

25 I The same. 6 qts, to be used in upper story... 50

4 I Frames with Metal Corners 05

5 I " " Sample Rabbet and Clasps 10

18 I Galvanized iron wire for grapevine trellises

I per lb. (about 100 feet) 20

0 I Gleanings, Vol's 1 and II, each 75c., Vol IV 1 00

0 I " Vol. Ill, second-handed 2 00

0 " first four volumes neatly bound 5 00

0| " " " " unbound 4 00

50 I Gearing for Extractor with supporting arm. . 1 50

25 I Gates for Extractors tinned for soldering. . . 50

SIMPLICITY BEE-HIVE.

One body and 1 cover in the flat, as sample to work
from— one sample frame and sheet of duck in-
cluded 1 00

One story hive for extractor (body 50e — 2 covers
60c— nailing and painting 20c— quilt '25c— 10 frames
60c— crating ]()c) 2 25

One story hive for comb hone.v is precisely the
same as the above, substituting 2 frames of sections
for 4 metal cornered frames 2 25

The above 16 sections will be fitted with fdn., and
starters ready for the bees, tor 15c, and the tin sepa-
rators added for 10c, making whole complete 2 50

The above two hives contain everything used in a 2
story hive. We simply use another body filled with frames
or sections, for a 2 story hive.

For a 2 story hive for the extractor, add (to 1 story
2 25) body 50c— nailing and painting 10c— 10 frames

50

1 00
6 25

60c— crating 5c, making complete 2 story containing

20 frames 3 50

For a 2 story hive for comb honey add (tol story
2 25) body ijOc— nailing and i)ainting 10c — (5 frames
of sections 7Sc— 1 metal cornered frime 6c— crating
6c, making com])lete 2 story containing 7 frames and

64 sections 3 75

If filled with fdn. starters 60c— if also filled with tin
separators 40c, making $4 75, if two latter items are
wanted.
An upper story filled with sections, fdn. starters

and all ready to be set over any L. hive 82,75

To prepare the above hives or winter, put in place of
the 2 outside frames chaff cushions, price 20c each, and
a thick one on top 30c.

Iron frame to gauge size of above hives, and to
hold them true when nailing, size 201x16 inside.... 50
I Chaff hive fou out door wintering, 10
frames below, and 14 frames or 80 section
I boxes f bove, well painted and finished com-

I plete (Lawn hive SI more.) 85 00

If filled with fdn. starters and separators, #1.25 more.
Without frames chaff or paint, as sample to wcjrk

from 2 50

These hive , if supplied with stores. v\ ill, we hope,
need no attention whatever, from the time honey
ceases until it comes again the next season.

Two frame nucleus hive, neatly i)ainted

For price list of hives in the fiat, see Sept. No.
0 I Knives. Honey (}i doz. for §.5.25, or S5 by Exp.)
I " " curved point §1.15.. per X doz

Labels for honey, in blue and gold, dark bronze and
gold, or in white printed in two colors, furnished
with your own address, and source from which the
honey was gathered, already gummed, post paid by
mail, (no order rec'd for less than 250). At these
low rates, the full number mentioned must be or-
dered without the change of one single letter of the

type 1000, §;3,25 ; 500, S2,40 ; 250, 81,80

0 f Lithograph of the Hexagonal Apiary 2o

I Lamp, Nursery for hatchingqueen cells as built 5 00
0 I Laivae, for queen rearing, from Junt to SeiJt. 25
15 I Microscope, Compound, in Mahogany box... 3 00
0 Prepared objects for above, such as bees"

I wing, sting, eye, foot, etc., each 25

0 I Medley of Bee-Kee))ers' Photo's, (150 Photo's) 1 00

0 I Magnifying Glass, Pocket 50

0| " " Double lens, brass, on 3 feet 100

7 I Muslin, Indian head, for quilts and cushions
I per yard, pretty stout, but not good as duck. 10

I Parafine, for waxing barrels, per pound 20

0 I Photo, of House Apiary and Improvements.. 25
2 I Rabbets, Metal per foot 02

SECTION BOXES IN THE FLAT, PEE 1,000.

An.v dimensions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 CO

The above is 50 cubic inches ; for larger sizes add 10c
per 1,000 for each additional cubic inch or fraction of an
inch, outside measure. Extra prices for less than 500.

Just right to fit in L. frames, 2x4J4 x4.!i 9 50

Sample by mail with fdn 5

If the grooving for holding the fdn. is omitted, 25c less
per 1,000. Sections weigh from 7 to 10 lbs per 100.
10 I L. frame made 2 inches broad to hold 8 sections 5

25 I The same with 8 sections 13

25 I The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees _20

Adding tin separators to either of the above will in-
crease the price 5c, and the postage 6e.
6 I Section boxes, fancy, hearts, stars, crosses, etc. each 5
5 I Sheets of duck to keep the bees from soiling

I or eating the cushions 10

I Shipping Cases for 48 section frames of honey. 60

I Salicylic acid, for foul brood, per oz 50

0 Scissors, for clipping queen's wings 40

18 I Seed, Alsike Clover, raised near us, per lb... 25
18 I " Summer Rape. Sow in June and July. 15

0 1 " Chinese Mustard, per oz 25

18 " Mignonette per lb. (20c. per oz.) 1 50

18 " Mellilot. or Sweet Clover, per lb 60

18 Silver Hull Buckwheat (peck by express, 75c) 10

10 Smoker, Qninby's (to Canada 15c extra) 1 50

5 " Doolittle's 25

25 I " Bingham's §100,1^0,175

25 I " Our own, see illustration in Sept. No 75

2 I Tacks, Galvanized 10

5 I Thermometers 40

0 I Veils, Bee, with face of Brussels net, (silk).. 75
0 I The same, all of tarletan (almost as good)... 50

1 Wax Extractor 3 50

I Copper bottomed boiler for above 1 50

5 I Wire Cloth, for Extractors, tinned, per sq. ft. 15

2| " •' QnecnCages 12

Above is tinned. and meshesare5andl8to the inch-

3 I Painted wire cloth, 14 mesh to the inch, per

square foot 7

All goods delivered on board the cars here at prices
named. A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

282

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

In ordering be sure to give outside dimensions of frame, and length of top bar.

.A.iD"VEI^TISEI^E]N-TS-

Aiivertisements will be received at the rate of 20
cents per line, Nonpareil space, eacli insertion, cash
in advance; and we icquire that every Advertiser sat-
isfies us of responsibility and intention to do all that
he agrees, and that his goods are really worth the
price asked for them.

FREE! FREE! FREE!

We will send a sample copy of the Bee-Keeper's
Magazine, post-paid, to any person in any way inter-
ested in Bees or their Products, or in the apparatus
so successfully used in modern mnnaarement. Just send
vour name and address to A. J. KING & CO.,
8tf 61 Hudson St., Jiew York.

JEIvery Bee-Keeper should subscribe for it.

The American Bee Journal

Is the best scientific and practical Journal of APICUL-
TURE in the world. The most successful and experienced
Apiarians in Europe, as well as America, contribute to its
pajjes. In fact, it is the oldest and largest Bee Paper in
the English language. %2, Per Annum. Send a Stamp
for a Sample Copy. Address THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
tf 18f Clark st., Chicago, 111.

CASH FOR BEES-WAX.

We are jjaying 30 cents per pound for yellow bees-
wax, in lots of from 50 to 5,000 or more pounds, deliv-
ered at Syracuse, or SI cents, if exchanged for white
wax. If you have any wax on hand, and can deliver
it at the above price, please do so, and we will send
you our check on receipt of the same.

ECKERMAN & WILL.
8-7 Wax-bleachers, Syracuse, N. Y.

We are receiving queens from the best districts in
Italy, which we will sell at 15. each.

This price being very near cost no discount can be
given on the dozen.

Having ordered queens sent to us every two weeks,
we expect to fill orders without delay.

We will deliver at express oflice here in box as re-
ceived, or forward by mail, as requested.

No queens raised this season or circular issued.

Registered letter or money order sent at our risk.
C. W. & A. H. K. BLOOD,
Sii P. O. Box 234. Quincy, Mass.

Names of responsible parties will be inserted in
either ot the following departments, at a uniform price
of 20c. each insertion, or |2.00 per year.

Names inserted in this department the first time with-
out charge. After, 20c. each insertion, or ^iMO per year.

Those whose names appear below, agree to furnish
Italian Queens the coming season for $1.00 each, under
tlie following conditions : No guarantee Is to be as-
sumed of purity, safe delivery, or anything of the
kind, only that the queen be reared from a choice, pure
mother, and had commenced to lay when they were
shipped. They also agree to return the money at any
time when customers become impatient of such delay
as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best queens, put
up neatest and most securely, will probably receive
the most orders. Special rates for warranted and
tested queens, furnished on application to any of the
parties. Names with *, use an imi)orted queen moth-
er. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
*Wm. W. Carv. Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass. 3-2

*J. Oatman & Co., Dundee. 111. 1-12

*E. W. Hale, Wirt, C. H., West Va. C-C

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md. 1-12

*Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, Ga. 1 12

♦Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis. 1-12

*Wm. J. Andrews, Colum.bia, Tenn. 2-2

*J. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y. 5-11

Miss A. Davis, Holt, Ingham Co., Mich. 5-4

D. A. Pike, Smithsburg, Wash. Co., Md. 5-6

*W. A. Eddy, Easton. Adams Co., Wis. 6 11

*E. C. Blakeslee, Medina, Ohio. 6tfd

*A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

*H. H. Brown, Light Street, Columbia Co., Pa. 7-6

*J. Shaw & Son, Chatham Center, Medina Co., O. 8tfd
*M. L. Stone, Mallet Creek, Medina Co., O. 8tfd

*J. H. Townley, Tompkins, Mich. 9-10

®.©©e Mmw MmMm®

We whose names appear below agree to sell a good col-
ony of Italian bees with tested queen, in new one story
hive, for Sl0,00, If in an old hive, §1,00 less. Safe arri-
val guaranteed.

A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

J. H. Townley, Tompkins, Mich. 9-10

O. H. Townsend, Hubbardston, Mich. 9-11

Hl-ve JManxifactxirers.

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

M. S. West, Pontiac, Mich. 6-5

Geo. W. Simmons, Newark, Del. 1-12

Isaac L. Parker, McMinnville, Warren Co., Tenn. ,3-3

CLimrBERS FOR BEE HUNTIIVCi, $2.50.
A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

TESTED QUEENS for $2.50, with 2 frame nucleus
full of brood and bees S5.50, live for §25.00 : all from
imported mother. The same with a dollar queen $1.00.
E. C. BLAKESLEE, Medina, Ohio.

And Pe-ice on Earth and Good Will toivard Men.

iPXJBLXSHEID 3VI01SrT:E3:Xj^2', ^^T 3VnETDI3Sr.A., OHIO,

JBT^ J^. I. ItOOT.

WmM<^ ▼,*

Wm^ 11®

PATENT HIVES— WHAT FRAME OR HIVE TO USE— SHALL WE USE AN EXTRACT-
OR, OR RAISE C03IB HONEY?— ITALIANS — THE BEE MOTH— SPACE FOR COPIES
—FOUNDATION.

While I oarnestly try to maintala a broad "charity for all, and malice toward none," and whil^
1 do not wi?h to take upon myself the responsibility of dictating a course for others, I feel it ^
duty to discourage with all my might, both by precept and example, everything in the shape of
patented bee hives, or patents on anything pertaining to bee-culture. On the other hand I shall
try to encourage every one to do all in their power to advance the common good of all. I do not
believe the world "selfish and grasping," but have unlimited confidence in the disposition of our
people to desire to pa:*^ for everything they get, and to reward those who work for them disinter-
estedly, whan they once get a clear understanding of the matter. If you have made a valuable
invention or discovery, give it to the people rejoicing that you have been enabled to contribute
yf>ur mite to the common good, and in seeing others happy, and sooner or later, you will surely
have your reward. Nothing is patented in the shape of hives or implements, that -we advertise.

I recommend the Langstroth frame for everybody, and for every purpose whatever, in pref-
erence to anything else, and I have pretty thoroughly experimented with all shapes and sizes.
There may bo other forms that will give just as good results, but I do not believe there ai'e any
better. For all general purpose, I advise the Simplicity hive holding ten of the above frames.
The hive is made of 7s lumber, and is 20}i by 16 inches outside measure. The Langstroth frames
as our gauges make them, are 17=3 by 9I3 outside measure. As the chaff hive is the same thing
with an outer shell to hold the chaff that protects the hive from the winter's frosts, as well as
summer's sun, no confusion can result from using both in the same apiary.

Produce just whichever pays best in your own market, and no one can tell so well as you,
yourself, can by trying both ; you can perhaps produce a nice article of extracted for about 1.5c.,
as cheaply as comb honey for 20c. You Can produce thin, raw, unripened honey without any
trouble for 10c. or less, but it will probably pay yovi best to give your customers an article as good
in e\-ery respect as that found in the nicest comb honey.

The comparative advantages of the black or common bees and Italians, is a matter that no
longer admits of discussion, and I must consider the very few individuals who write in favor of
the former as belonging to that class of unfortunates who seem to delight in being contrary. If
tons of honey are to be considered a proof, the matter has long ago been amicably settled in favor
of the Italians.

The bee moth need hardly be mentioned now, unless it is to advise you to drive them out with
Italians, for v.'henever they come Into a neighborhood, the moths get out without any farther
trouble or bother. This one feature alone, is enough to justify Introducing Italian queens in
M place of the blacks.

1^^ The usual space allowed for brood combs is about 1 7-16 inches, but the matter is not at all im-

portant. They can be worked as closely as 1?8, or as far apart as 1?^. For sm-plus honey we
would have about 2 inches sikicc from centre to centre of the combs.

Now my friends, I beg to Itc allowed to make a re<iu(st of !/oii. Answering questions by letter
or by postal, is a grievous tax on my health, strength, time and money. Will you not, before ask-
ing, "look over the above, our circular which we give away, besides paying i^Dstage, and the con-
tents of our A B C on next page ? Nearly all the questiii!is that are asked, arei-arefuily and de-
liberately answered in the above, if you will only take the time to look them up. It takes
hard brain labor to answer your questions faithfully, and when they come by the thousand, it
'rii takes all my time from the journal, and from those to whom it belongs, having paid me their
f^j money. Now please do not think me unkind, if your answers are brief, on a postal, and written
^ by one of the clerks. It is the very best I can do. Your busy friend. Novice.

rS^ ,-</

«:i"

284

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Nov,

Contents of this Number.

Some of the trials " bee-folks " have to endure 287

liitriiduciiifi- (jut'<'iis 28T, 301, 303

It;ili:ms luid Ilylnids; which make most honey.. .288
FccdiiiH' extracted honey to get sections finished. 289

Kernieutation of honey 288, 289

Chaff Cushions, an Improvement in making .289

Getting- oif sections 290

Is it the hive that gives the great yield of honey . .290

Bees in the Houses and Groceries 290

A Bee funeral 291

Bees and Grapes 291

Leaky roofs, How to make a sure thing of tliem. .292

The Simpson honey plant 292

Humliugs and Swindles 292

How to ;n raii«c and manage Several Apiaries 293

Which Stjle of Apiary to adn])t 293

How to Cage Queens ioi- Shiinnent 293

Bee-Dress, what we need, and what we don't need293

Basswood, or American Linden illustrated 294

Bee-Motli, How to circumvent, and all about them294

Bees, How they grow, live, and all about them 297

Buckwheat and all about the dillcrent kinds 299

Division Boards that wont Stick. Illustrated 300

Blue Thistle and the Honey it Yields 3 o

Blasted Hopes 301

(irapc Sugar 301

Foul Brood, How to distinguish it 301

Tall Frames, and Shidlow Frames 302

How to knoiv a Hive is Queenless 302

Queens reared in Sep. and Oct 302

Buidap and Grain Bags for Covering Bees 303

Some Wholesome Truths and Cautions for Be-
ginners 303

Excessive Swarming 304

Some of the Difficulties in Selling Imported

Queens 306

How to Prepare Bees for Winter 307

Honey Column 308

Catnip 308

We have to-day, Oct. SOth, 24G9 Subscribers.
Slabs of the flour cni'.dy in cl;:ifl' hives, ])roduco beauti-
ful combs ol brood, ^'evcry lime," even as lule as Oct. 3l8t.

tTALmW BEES.

Imported and home Ircd queens; lull colonies and
nuc eus colonies; beekeeper's supplies of all kinds,
Queens bred early in llie season. Send lor catalogue.
9cf DR. J. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga.

The ABC of Bee Culture.

My Irieiids, I am scKing a great many bool;s on bee
culture, and many are the queslioiiS asked in regard
to tlieir teachings. 1 can not he responeiblo for the
teaciiings oiotlier writers, but I do intend to bo re-
sponsible tor all that appears in the ABC; and fur-
thermore, I have been to tljo expense ol purchasing
the type lor ihe whole of it, ihit every mistake or
wrong statement may be concctcd, just as toon as it
is found to be such. The sheets are to lie printed, on-
ly as last as they are sold, that, none ol the information
may be old, or behind the times. Subscribers to
Gleanings, of course pet the whole, without charge;
but our incpuring friends who are not; sub:-ci'ibers—
and there are many— will be supplied for 5c each No.

No. 1 contains:
Absconding Swarms; Swarming out for want of food
in early spring; Nucleus swarms; Runaway swarms
of all kinds and all the usual means of preventing
losses from this cause.
After Swarming; Ilow it comes about; Several queens
in one; Shall we iirevent them? What to do to
make them good stocks, &c.
Aije of Bee^ ; Ape of queens, workers and drones.
Alighting Boards wuh illustrations; Importance of
converiient ones; Sawdust lor, ju^t as good as the
most c(-nvenient ; Porticos more for ornanitiit than
real use, &c.
Alsike clover; Modes of cultivation; Time of blos-
soming; Value for Jioney and value lor seed and
forage.
Anger of Bees; W)iy they are ill-tempered, how to
keep them good, &c.

No. 2 CONTAINS :

Ant3; In what rcsiiects they arc haimful; The best
means of getting lid of thein, &c.

Apiary ; Where to locate; Wind breaks, the impor-
tance of anil how to make; The Vineyard Apiary
witli dia?;ram3and illasiraUoas; Thechall' Hive Api-

ary with illustration ; The House Apiary with dia-
gram and Illustration ; compaiative advantages and
disadvantages ol the above three, &c.
No. 3 contains:

Aidary. continued; Floating Apiary; Railway Api-
ary;' which style of Apiary to adopt, all things con-
sidered.

Aphides; Their agency in the production of honey
dew more connnon than is generally supposed, &c.

Artiticlal comb.

Artiticial Fertilization, with accounts of the atlempta
and failures.

Anilicial Heat lor raising bees, its failures.

Artilicial Pasturage ; Will it pay to raise plants and
trees for honey alone? If sii. what iJlants.

Anilicial SvvainJng ; very plain dbtelions for begin-
ners; Shall thiy 1 uy their qeetns <ir rear them?
How to select combs of liatching brood; U.^ing Idn.
for the luirpose; How to get good queen ceils, how
to prevent their being destroyed, &c.

Asters; How much honey they produce, and what
they are like.

Barrels; How they should be made; How to prevent
their leaking or tainting the flavor ol the honey ;
How to gel the honey out after it is candied ; Cau-
tion, &c.

Basswood ; Its great value as a honey producing tree;
Our orcharcd of 4000 Basswood trees.

No. 4 CONTAINS:

Basswood continued, with an engraving.

Bl'c- bread.

lit e-dress; how a bee-keeper shoitld arrange his cloth-
ing; about Veils and Glover.

B( e-huuiing; How to make a hunting box. ilh:slratcd;
how to fjiart. them on the baii,lollovv the line and
tind the tree; how to make a jiair of climbers, with
engraving; how to climb the tiee, how to get the
bees and ccmls, and how to transfer them ; habits
ol wild bees, anu lest season lor trapping them.

Bie-moth; uev( r iiouule where strong colonies of

Kalians are l.e])!; how to keep eraiJty combs seciu'e

from them ; how to nindsate enijuy comLs or box

honey, when the uioih appears in them.

No. 5 coNTAi.vt-;

Eecs; the diflcrcnt kinds ol bees under domestication;
how bees grow ; how llie Itibkle ol a hive looks ai
dilfurent aeaecns ; how bceu behave at eilltvei.t
apts.

Blue Thistle as a honey i)lant.

Borage as a honey plant.

Buckwheat, its \a;ue; dilVcrent vaiir-tiep, mode of
citllivaiion; how to get larnieis to ndsc It.

Caj^es lur queens and how to make ihem; liow to cage
the bees and queen, aisd how to stud iLicm ctf, ill'us-
irateu \.ith engra\inj.s.

Cnidied linney; how to prevent it from candjinp;
how to make candied honey confectionery.

Candy for bees; all about how lo make it; what kind
(d sugar to us-e; caution in regaid to candy making.

Catnij) as a honey ]dant ; its value, and mode of culll-
tivation.

Cider and cider mills ; their damaging influence on an
apiary, and how to get along with them.
No. 0 contains:

Clover; White Clover, White Dutch Clover, Red Clo-
ver, bweet Clover or Mellilot, Lucerne, Esparcette,
Allalla, Trefoil. &o.

Comb Basket; its utility hi an Apiary, and how to
make one. illustrated.

Comb Foundation, Its discovery, and progress up to
ih(! present time; How to make the wax sheets;
Rolhng the wax sheets; Trimming, etpiarlng, and
cutting the sheets; How to fasten them la the
frames and honey boxes.

Comb Honey; How to secure it In Ihe simplest, neat-
est, and most marketalile shape; Best size for sec-
tion boxes, and best manner of puttliiK them in the
hives; How to prevent the bees irom clustering out-
side their hives; Flow to remove the lilled sections;
ulwavs us(! the tin scpaiators; Eujrraving of a sec-
tion iilled with honcv; Marketing honey, and en-
gr:iving of a tilled shipping case of honey; caution
about keeping your honey clean and free from
stickiness.

The above C Nos. wiil be raai'.ed. neatly bound in
)iaper covers, for 25c. Tins conslitutes> the A B C boolc
Part First, and It will, 1 hope, prove of gieat value to
Ix'pi'.mers. It 1^ printed on tine heavy i)aper, and il-
lustrated vviiii many ihie-soiae of liiem epiite expen-
sive—engravings. The matter i.-i a coiiden-;ed sum-
ming uj), of what has proved jjooii, and most valuable
ia past vo'umes of Glkanings.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

285

For prices and particulars conceruiiig

©undation,

Sec advertisement in t)ct. Glkanings. A new circular
of Bee Hives and their fixtures will be issued in about 1

My circubr of about 300 leading Periodicils at clcb
PRICES, ready Dec. 1st. Send for it and save moiuy.
AKCnts wanted. J. H. NELLIS,

lltf O:in!ijohrrii>. XY.

isTILtMilTO

ravin

ON \VO01J

'CINCirsiNATI-^^aiKWOS

JBritisli

Bee JTorinial,

Is a large, beautitnlly printed, and profusely illus-
trated MONTHLY; clear type and fine beavv paper.

It is conducted by CHARGES NASH ABBOTT, Fair-
lawn, N., London, England. Annual subscription,
half-a. guinea.

We will send it with Gleanings and pay all postage
(or 82.50.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MA-
CHINERY.

!a different innchines with whioh
y Builders, Cabinet Makers, Watron
Makers, and Jobbers in iniscelln-
necus work -an rompete as to Quali-
ty and Peick with steam power man-
ufacturing ; filso Amateurs' supplies,
saw blades, fancy woods and desifrns.
Say where you read this and send for
calalojrue and prices,

W. F. & JOHN BARNES,
6tfd Rockford, Winnebago Co., 111.

mmm

Emmii Co,

MANUFACTrRERS OF SUPERIOR DOUBLE RE-
FINED GRAPE AND MALT SUGAR, CRYS-
TAL GLUCOSE SYRUP.

Superior Double Refined Grape Sugar for feeding bees,
at SXc ner lb. in barrels of 875 lbs., and 4c in boxes of 50
or 100 lbs. Crystal Glucose Svrup 5c per lb., by the
barrel. LOUIS P. BEST, Sup't.,

11-ly Davenport, Iowa.

You cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Perio<lical with satisfaction, unless they
are In some kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
"Dear me what a bother — I nrnst have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comcF
and you can sit down happy, any time you wish to find
any thing you may have previously seen even though
it were months ago.

Binders tor Gleanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for 50, (jO, and 75c, ac-
cording to fiuallty. For table of prices of Binders for
any Periodical, "see Oct. No., vol. 2. Send in your
orders. A. I. KOOT, Medina, O.

COMB FOUNDATION.

PURE BEES WAX.

Packed in neat wooden boxes — psipor between every
two sheets. per lb. per pckif.

1 lb. OxG, by irail 80c 80

3" 12x18 or 8xl6>^, by mail 80c $2 40

3 *' " ■• by freight or exp. .58c 1 75

5 •' " " " '• '• .. .55c 2 75

10 '• •' '• '• '• " .. .553 6 50

2-) " •' " " " " .. 53c 13 25

50 •' " " " " " . . 53c 26 00

lOO •* " " " * •• .. oOe 50 00

60U '' " " " •' '• , . 48c 240 00

1000 '• " ■" •' " " .. 46c 4.50 00

White wax, 2.5c per lb. extra, if wanted, but we consider
ihe yellow in every respect preteiable; even for comb
honey.

Tlu: fdn. is kept in stock, in sheets 12x18 inches, and
Sxl()>i inches [exact size needed for L. br(X)d frames!
packed in boxes cf 3, .5, 10, 25, .50 and lOO lbs. each, and
shipjjed only in these boxes at the above prices.

There are 5 cells to the inch, and one pound of wax
mwkes from 4 to !) square feet of surfuce. The thinnest
will be u^ed hi the bees, bvit is not made into comb as
quickly as the heavier, which has a f:i eater depth of cell.

If GO lbs. are wanted, send money for a 10 lb. box and a
r,0 lb. box, &c. The dilltrence in price is only enough to
cover the difference in cost of boxing, packing, &c.; five 10
lb. boxes, and packing, handling and nailing up five box-
es, cost much more than one 50 lb. box, and packing,
handling and nsiiling up one box.

As these jtackuges are all put up and kept in stock,
there can Le no variation, unless at an additional price.

Now, my friends, if you want all sorts of quantilies. or
want it cut all sorts of sizes. I wll accommodate you with
all the pleaure in the world, for ten cts. pee lb. extea.

Wax will be worked up to order, and cut into sheets of
any siz3 desired, lor 25c per lb. in quantities of 100 lbs. or
more.

We will pay COc jjer lb. cash for bright yellow wax, or
sell it fjr 35c.

At ibove prices we can pay no express or freight
charges either way.

Comb Foundation Machines.

Machines lor making tliccts 1 loot wide - ^100 00
K.xpjessly for L. l)i<nii\ V) inches uide - 50 GO

For making 5 inches lor tection boxf s - 30 00

Double Boiler for above machlnet, - $3.00, 3..50 and 4.00
Dipping plates per pair, - - $1.00, 1..50 and 2.00
The above prices are for cells 4>^ or 5 to tlie iuch.
If drone size is wanted, add 5fl0, £5 and S^i icc-pcctivelv
to above prices. The machines are all ready for use,
and lull iLStructions will be sent to each jnirchaser.
Address, A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

We have sold ^30.00 machines for making comb foun-
dation to

Rev. J. Van Eaton, York, N. Y. ; Lewis Walker, Ventu-
ra, Cal. ; (i- M. Dale. Boi-der Plains, Iowa ; G. W. Gates,
Barllctt, Tenn.; A. Salisbury. Ciimargo Ills.; C F. Lane,
Koshkonong. Wis.; Wm. S. Hersperger, Jefferson, Md. ;
Wm. Riatt, Liff, by Dundee, Scotland ; W. S. Boyd, Beth-
any, O. ; W. R. Bishop, Sherwood, Wis.; Dr. J. B.
Hfiwkes. Arlington Heights, ills. ; A. W. Foreman. M. D.,
White Hall, Ills. ; Mis. M. D. Minor, Port Jackson, N. Y. ;
C. M. Joslin, M. D., St. Charles, Mich. ; T. G. Newman,
Chicago. Ills.; C. L. Johnston, Danville, Pa.

A SXi.OO (5 inch drone comb) machine to J. H, Nellis,
Canajoharie, N. Y.

Nine inch $50.00 machines to C. R. Carlir. Bayou
Goula, La. ; Jno. Hunter, 5 Eaton Rise, Ealing, England ;
J. B. Stevenson. San Bernardino, Cal.

Twelve inch $100.00 machines to C. O. Perrine, Chicago,
Ills. ; D. A. Jones, Beeton, Out., Canada ; J. Madory,
Los Angeles, Cal. ; J. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y.

C1L.XJBBINO ILiIST.

We will send Gleanings—

With The American Bee Journal (S2.00) 52.90

" The Bee Keeper's Magazine (1..50) 2.00

" Both The above Bee Journals cf America 4,00

" British Bee Journal (82,00) 2,50

" All Three 5,.50

" American Agriculturist (Sl.60) 32.25

" Prairie Farmer (t2.15) 2,90

" Rural New Yorker (S2..50) 3,25

" Scientilic American (S3.20) 3,90

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener (tl.OO) 1,75
[Above rates inchide all Postage.}

285

GLEAKmGS m BEE CULTURE.

Nov.

•fc-a

TABLE OF PKEMIUMS.

The first column is for those only, « s
who send 5 or more names. S'g

Names of Premium Articles. ^ ^

Any of them sent post-paid on rec'pt of price,
i— Lithograph of Apiary, Implements, etc. 25

•I— Photograph of House Apiary 25

a— '■'■That Present," Novice and Blue Eyes 25
5 — Emerson's Binder for Gleanings,

will hold 4: Volumes 50

(5 — " •' better quality 60

7 — Pocket Magnifying Glass 60

a— First or second T'^o/;<me o/ Gleanings.. 75
'A— Best quality Emerson's Binder for

Gleanings 75

10— Double Lens Magnifier, on 3 brass feet 1,00
U— Photo Medley, Bee-Keepers ofAmerical,00
VI— First and second Vol. o/ Gleanings.. 1,50
li— Centennial Cabinet Clock; a pretty and
accurate time piece, that will run even

when carried about, for only §2 00

14—^ real Compound Microscope, beauti-
fully finished, and packed with Imple-
ments in a Mahogany Box 315

Number
of Sub-
scribers
required
at or
at
75c. 1.00

5
5

5

3
3
3

4

15

BOOKS for BEE-KEEPERS and OTHERS.

A.ny of th'Bse books will ba forwarded by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.

Ill buying books, as every tliiiiK else, we are liable to
disappointment if we make a purchase without seems
the article. Admittins that the bookseller could read all
the books he offers, as be has them /or sale it were hardly
to be expected he would be the one to mention all the
f.iults, as well as good things about a book. I very much
desire that those who favor me with their patronage, shall
not lie disappointed, and therefore, I am going to try to
prevent it oy mentioning all the faults so far as I can,
that the purchaser may know what he is getting. In the
following list, books that I approve I have marked with a
*, those I especially approve * * ; those that are not uf)
to times t ; hooks that contain but little matter for the
price, large type and much space between the lines J ;
foieign §.

BOOKS ESPECIALLY FOR BEE-KEEPEES.

A B C of Bee Culture, see page 2S5

Langstroth on the Hive and Honey Bee**t »2 00

Quinby's Mysteries of Bee-keeping**t ■

Bee-keeper's Text Book*+ muslin

" " '• " *t iiaper

A Manual of Bee-keeping, by JohK Hunter*§.
^Manual of the Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook**.. .

Dzierzon Theory**

Ho w I Made .5.850 a Year with my Bees* t^

How to make Candy**

Art of Saw-filing*!

Lumberman's Hand Book**

Fuller's Grape Culturist**

MISCELLANEOUS HAND BOOKS.

Ten Acres Enough**

Pive Acres too Much** 1 o^

Tim Bunker Papers* 1 5*'

An Egg Farm, Stoddard** 50

Window Gardening 1 50

Purdy's Small Fruit Instructor* 25

How to Use the Microscope 75

Play and Profit in my Garden* 1 50

"Our Digestion." by Dio Lewis** 2 00

Onion Culture* ' 20

Potatoe Pests, by Pnf. Riley** 50

Practical Fl.iricuUure* 1 50

Gari]( ning for Profit** 1 50

Strawberry Guitarist , l-'uller* 20

Small Fruit Culturist, Fullrr* 1 50

Forest Tree Culturist. Fuller* 1 50

How to Build Hot-Houses. Leucbar§ 1 50

Draining for Profit and Health. Warring 1 50

Wha,t I know of Farming, Horace GJreely 1 50

Injurious Insects, Prof. A. J. Cook** 10

Scroll sriwing, Sorrento and Inlaid work *{ 1 50

Moody's Best Thoughts and Discourses ** 75

Moody and Sankey's Gospel Hymns, words only 00

" " " words and music, paper ."50

" " " " " boards 35

Murphy Temperance Pledges, per 100 cards 40

BOOKS THAT I HAVE NEVER EXAMINED, BUT THAT AUE
IN GOOD REPUTE.

Broom Corn and Brooms paper 50 cloth 75

Cider Maker's Manual, Buist 1 50

1 50
75
40
25
30
20
25
50
75
15
50

1 25

American Pomology, "Warder

Canary Birds paper 50 cloth

Parmer's Barn Book

Pear Culture, Fields

American Bird Fancier

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Bement's Rabbit Fancier

Bommer's Method of Making Manures

Burn's Architectural Drawing Book

Burr's Vegetables of America • • •

Cooked and Cooking Food for Domestic Animals...

Copley's Plain and Ornamental Alphabets

Dana's Muck Manual

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols . .

Gun, Rod, and Saddle

Harris on the Pig

How to Get a Farm and Where to Find One

How to Use the Pistol

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy

Johnson's How Crops Feed •

Johnson's How Crops Grow

Klipparts Wheat Plant

Leavitt's Facts About Peat

Mrs. Cornelius's Young Housekeeper's Friend

Plummer's Carpenters ar. d Builder's Guide

Skillful Housewife '

American Fruit Culturist, Thomas

Cranberry Culture, Wh ite

A Simple Flower Garden, Barnard

Farming by Inches, Barnard

Gardening for Money "

My Ten Rod Farm "

Strawberry Garden "

Carpentry Made Ersy, Bell

Fur, Fin, and Feather

Fish Culture. Garlick

How Plants Grow, Gray

Manual of Botany and Lessons, Gray

School and Field Book of Botany, Gray

New Cook Book, Mrs. Hale

My Farm of Edgewood

Americnn Angler, Norris

Rliododendrons, Rand

Lnndscape Gardening, Downing

Giienon on Milch Cows

Sorgho, or the Northern Sugar Plant, Hedges

My Vineyard at Lakeview

Shooting on the Wing

American Wheat Cu 'turist, Todd

Cotton Planters' Manual. Turner

Practical Butter Book, Willard

Ycuatt on the Hog

Youatt on Sheep

C4arden Vegetables, Burr

Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, Downing

Complete Works on Chemistry, Leibig

Gardening for Ladies, Loudon

Riley on the Mule

Pla5 Culture (seven prize essays by practical growers)

Peach Culture, Fulton's

How To Pf.int, Gardner

Gregory On Cabbatres paper

Gregory On Squashes. . . -paper

Gregory On Onions.. . .paper.... ■

Insec'^s' Injurious To Vegetation Plain, $4 00..

With coloied plates, S6 50

Gardening For Pleasure, Henderson

Hop Culture

Jenny June's Cook Book

Cotton Culture, Lyman

Manual Of Flax Culture and Manufacture

Parsons On The Rose

Potatoe Culture, (prize essay) papet

^loney In The Garden. Quinn

Pear Culttn-e For Profit, Quinn

:\I;nnial On The Culture Of Small Fruits, E. P. Roe

Farm Implements And Machinery, Thomas

Earth Closets, How To Make Them, Warring

Gardening For The South

Cranberry Culture

l^nicticnl Poultry Keeper, Wright

Pfat And Its Uses

Hedws And Evergreens, Warder

Bool; On Bii-ds. Holden

Sor;;luiin And Its I'roduets

Taxiilerniist's Maiuial

Pra<'tical Trout Culture

Fa ruling For Boys

Silk Grower's Guide

Fainter, Guilder and Varnisher

Mushroom (Culture

The Parmer's Receipt Book

The Tilodel Potato »

Apjile Culturist, Todd

Youman's Household Science

3 00

75
1 50
1 25

30
1 75

30

25
1 00
3 00

20
3 00
1 25
5 00
1 00
1 50
1 25

50

1 25

2 00

2 00
1 75
.1 75
1 50
1 00

75

3 75
1 25

38
38

1 50
38
38

5 00
50

1 50

1 25
3 00

2 50
2 00
1 25

5 50
1 50

6 50
75

1 50
1 25
75
1 50
1 50
1 00
1 00

1 00

2 50
5 00
2 00
2 00
1 50

30

1 50

30
1 50
1 50

25
1 50

25
1 50
1 00

50
1 50

1 00

2 00

1 '25

2 00

25

50

25

50

Ol»

50

50

1 25

1 50

3 00

50

50

1 50

1 75

r>E:voT3E;r> to S£::e:h A.T»ir> hoiveiy, A]vr> hoime hvtehests.

Vol. V.

NOVEMBER 1, 1877.

No. 11.

A. I. ROOT, ~) Publisbed Montbly. rTERMS: «1.00 Per Annum in Ad-

PubUsher and Proprietor, > ■< vance; 3 Copies /or $2.50; 5/oj-%3.76;

Medina, O, ) lEstaljlislied. In 1873. ClO or more, 60c. each. Single Number 10c.

SOME OF the: trials "res: folks"

HAVE TO ENDURE.

fjIHE latter part of July, I sent $5.00 to friend
Blood, and In about two weeks received r- queen
I by mail, but she was dead. Returning her

promptly, he sent me another which arrived dead
also. I returned them without delay, not liavin^
opened the cage in either case. Some time after, I
received the third queen which arrived alive, to my
great satisfaction ; she was fair in color but not very
large; but here came the r«<7 of ^t'or. She was prompt-
ly liberated on combs of hatching brood, with plenty
of honey and water in the liive ; it was Saturday, the
first of September ; it turned suddenly very cool here
and the ha telling bees died about as fast as tliey
hatched. There was also some unsealed larv;e in the
combs, that crowded out of the cells, which together
with the dying young bees was a very painlul sight
for a beekeeper. I tiiought it would not do, and ac
covdingly put in three combs with adhering bees and
caged the queen. The next day I let her out. but the
bees hailed her, and I had to cage her again. So I
tried to introduce her during the week, day after day,
with the same lepult. I destroyed three lots of queen
cells during this time: was that right? Saturday af-
ternoon I released her again; in half an hour I tried
to look her up but did not flncl her at once, and rob-
bers being troublesome had to quit, and night coming
on I left tham. The greater part of the night I passed
in thinking al)out queens, and much against my will,
the picture of a ban of excited bees, enclosing in their
desperate emnrace, my queen, again and again floated
across my mind, and disturbed the lull of slumber.
Next morning early, I rescued her from the veritab'e
ball a!id caged her again, finding her very hungry,
and mysell very blue.

A short time a^olread in the Country Gentleman
an article on introdncing queens: and the writer said
that a great mistake svas often made in introducing
a valuable queen to a queenlcss stock ; bettor untjueen
a good colony to put her in. 1 therefore unqueened
a good colony and gave them the queen in a cage ;
apparently they did not notice the change, but car-
ried in pollen and honey as usual. Looking after
them later in tlie day, but very few bees remained
about the cage and I thought the queen might be lib-
erateii at once (especially after reading your own re-
port in Sept. No). She was tiien released on the quilt,
but the bees attacked her so fiercely in a twinkling all
went down netwecn the combs, and wlien last seen,
one bee was on her back trying its best to sting.
With the bellows smoker I again succeeded in res-
cuing her, but she looke<l sick, kept wiping her body
with her legs, and I feared she was injured ; however
she lived, but seemed to be feeble, and 1 thouglit it
unsafe to cage her more.

1 put a division board in the first hive and let the
queen out on two combs of brood, and shut them up.
1 then had to leave home, but in two days I examined
them again. Bees and queen were lively, and I felt
much elated; but alas, my pleasure was of short du-
ration, the (jueen suildeniy cook wing, and away she
went. I had tried her before on a window, and at-
tempt=! to fly were rot at all successful, but now— O
dear ! she could fly, and vvell enough too. As far as I
know, up to (late. .s/)e has never returned again, and
m.y plan of Italianizing my bees this lall has failed.
The queen I took from the second colony in the morn-
ing, I put back in her own hive the same evening, and
she was killed in less than one minute.

One of my colonies produced drones with red heads
as you describe ; the queen Is hybrid.

I must have another queen but will buy it In a nu-
cleus and as near home as I can get it, and I will first
practice more with cheap queens.

I commenced the season witli 11 stocks in fair con-
dition and have, up to date, sold .550 lbs. of honey.
There is plenty ot honey in the hives, and I have in-
creased tiiera to ."56 good stocks, which satisfies me
very well.

You remember the 58 lbs. fdn. which ynu made for
me? I thought it vvas a great <ieal too much for II
stocks, but I used all but 5 or 6 lbs. It is a decided
success; if introducing queens were as easy and sure
as the using of fdn., I wnuld not have tailed. My
hives contain from 8 to 18 Qtiinby frames full of hon-
ey, bee-bread and bees. R. Stahle.

P. S. — I made a promise, never to o^en a bee hive
on Sunday and had kept it up to this lim'- ; but the
imported queen came to hand on Saturday, sind I,
very anxious to do all I could, broke my promise in
caring for her on Sunday and lost her, after all my
cai'e. Had I not done so, I could have fared no worse,
and I now think I ivould not have lost her.

R. Stahle, Marietta, O., Sept. 34th, 1877.

It seems that friend Blood too, has had some
losses as well as the rest of us ; and I am very
glad indeed to find him so ready to make them
all good. As he is a sufferer as well as your-
self, friend 8., I think it a duty of yours, to
make your future purchases of him. He has
sent you three queens that must have cost
him f 12.00 at least, and all you have paid him
is $5.00.

When selecting comb* of hatching brood,
endeavor to have such as contain no unsealed
larva', and you will have no loss of brood.
The bees and queen should always be shut in
the hive, and if the weather turns cold, take
them into the house. They will very soon
form a cluster about the queen and she will
begin to lay. If they were kept shut in the
hive until nearly a week old, it would be just
as well for them. I have never known a queen
to fly away and not come back, yet so many
have reported losses like the above I think it
would be well to clip the wings of all queens
as soon as they are laying.

You should not have alloiced the bees to kill
their old queen friend S. Had you flrst fixed
j^our smoker in nice trim, and had it right in
your hand, 7 do not believe a bee could have
stung her beforo you came to her rescue.
Your work was probably all done just as the
honey season was closing, and bees at such
times are very difficult for anyone to handle.
I sympathize most fully with you, as I think
we all do, but perhaps your very lifelike nar-
ration of your trials, may be the means of
saving many times the amount for others : so

288

GLEANIKGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Nov.

take cheer my friend, and practice a little with
cheaper queens, before you get another im-
ported one. I have long been wanting to say
somethinG; in regard to handling bees on the
Sabbath day, and I thank you friend S., for in-
troducing the matter in a way, that comes
right home to all ©f us. On the whole, I think
I will step over to Our Home department with
the whole matter, by your leave.

FDN., ITAIilANS AND HYBRIDS, HIVES,
HONEY, &c.

flHE fdn. you sent me was fitted into frames in
different ways; some were filled out in full,
— , in others from )i 1o 1 inch space was given be-
tween fdn. and sides and bottom of frames. I find X
incli at sides, and 1 incli or luarly this amount, is ad-
visable for bottom, givin? ample room for sagging.
Eggs were lound in cells 12 hours alter given to the
bees; such a nice eight, so perfect, so smooth and
level when sealed over as tjrood or honey. Some
frames of fdn. were placed in an empty hive and a
large swarm put on them, which by their great
weight and the t.eat generated, caused one comb to
sag giving the cells in the upper part of the frame an
ni)loiig shape: yet the queen depoGited eggs in these
clip, which I expected would be developed as drones,
but they were sealed up as worker brood and matured
as euch, being no larger than bees from ordinary cells.
Possibly there would be no sagging at all, if fnd. were
placed in hives alternately with filled combs, and the
hives shaded and well ventilated for a few days. If
8.'.0<i worth of fdn. will fill the frames in the brood
apartment and put starters in the section boxes, and
a swarm be hived on them, we shall have ^.CO worth
ol surplus honey ready to come off before a swarm
would fill the brood apartment when no start is given ;
making a clear gain, at once, '.f $3 00 for $200 invest-
ed in the (du., to say notMng of the satisfaction of ev-
er after having a beautiful set of combs free from
drone comb, save such quantity as the apiarian may
see fit, under the varied circumstances, to give his
bees, in the aggregate, thousands of dollars are an-
nually lost to bee-keepers by the useless hordes ot
drones allowed to be reared and tolerated in the
hives. Instead ol our bees consuming so much time
and feed on these "dead heads," they would do iirt-
ter to turn their whole attention lo rearing workers
that will fill the combs instead of emptying them.

HIVES.

I have been experimenting nearly all my life, with
different styles oi hives, antl liave tried nearly all
shapes of Irames. To sum up, my conclusion is that
the Langstroth hive, or tt;e same simplified as you
now make them, is for all purpose? the very best.
Tills hive question is not my hobby, but the kind of
bees to put in tlie hive for large vields— tons of honey
—is what I think of most. Bees should be first
considered, hives second.

BEES.

You will agree with me that there is a vast differ-
ence in the honey gathering and comb building pro-
pensities oldifl'iTent colonics, and different strains ot
liees; some strains ot blood will show their superior-
ity for several generations, it matters not whether of
black bees, It:ilian or their crosses. We think there
are more poor colonies produced in a given number
by the black bee?, among the Italians a smaller per-
cent of poor workers, and in their crosses but few col-
onies will be prcdirced that are indifl'erent workers. I
reared some queens last fall, a iew of whicli were
retired from an impure mother, and they produced
one half black bees. For the s^ike of testing the mer-
its Ol these miserable looking things I sufl'gred them
to take their chances with my pure bees, and as you
have "been there" with bees of this stripe, it is
scarcely necessary to say they were able to "hoe their
own rovv."

They were equal to any emergency : none of the
" bright beauties," net even the bees Irom my im-
ported quc":ns could "getaway" with them. They
got off as "big" swarms as early, made as much hon-
ey, and filled up empty space just as last as anybody's
bees. I know a few of thetn would always be ready
to sing a fine, very fine, song close up to my nose
\?henever 1 took a walk in the bej yard ; more espec-
ially would they get pressingly familiar with my vis-
itors, and y u know how annoying this is to one who
Uses to have folks enjoy a " look at the bees."

It is this peculiar dash of wicked ugliness that

makes this class of bees distasteful to me. Happily
we liave discovered a class of bees that are equally as
good honey producers and comb builders, without
this fearful propensity for stinging and nosing into
other people's business. I allude to the progeny of
our imoorted queens and the progeny of their daugh-
ters. The workers can not be surpassed in any res-
pect and will seldom volunteer to sting unless driven
to do so by rough treatment. The bees stick tight to
the combs while frames are being handled and sel-
dom require to be smoked to keep them down while
an examination of their " wares" is going on.

We do have some trouble in getting them off the.
combs for extracting, but since the advent of fdn. and
section boxes lor comb honey in such desirable and
salable shape, it is a question whether or not much
extracting will be profitable.

OUK OWN APIARY.

We started the season with 40 colonies ; increased
to 70 and have taken over 3000 lbs. honev ; about ojie-
half extracted and one-half in boxes. The extracted
was mostly obtained by extracting from the outside
frames which were not covered by boxes, and I think
1 got almost as much hcney in boxes as I would have
done had I not taken any with the extractor, as the
em- tying of the two outside frames from each colony
did not stop comb building in boxes. My crop is near-
ly all sold at 18 to 20 cts. for comb, and"l6 cts. for ex-
tracted.

My friend Richard Reynolds, of East Springfield,
had all his honey built In section boxes which he
soon found sale for at 20 to 25 cts. per lb., while his
neighbors found it difficult to sell honey in old style
boxes at 16 to 18 cts.

EXTRACTED HONEY.

Some complain that their honey sours on their
hands; I have no trouble. When extracting 1 throw
the honey, just as it comes from the machine, into open
hrai ed barrels; and as there is always, during a
yield, some tliin or unripe honey, this will rise with
all other li?ht substances, as bitsof comb, Ac, to the
surl.-^ce, vv'hich must he skimmed off occasionally,
leaving only the good honey which will not sour if
left uncovered till cool weather. Good lioney will
get fearfully thin in very warm weather, but will get
thick when the temperature falls ; so do not be hasty
in concluding all is going to sour.

NUCLEUS HIVES,

should be seen in operation in every well conducted
apiary, as early as weather will permit in the spring.
It will ))ay largely to have laying queens ready to
give stocks that have cast swarms. The secret of suc-
cess in getting box honey is a laying queen on the
briod comlis at all times. Sec a hive queenless and
not ivo. king in boxes, just give them a plump laying
qu: en nml note how quickly the bees will be seen
"chawing" out the. co;i)l)S from the place where they
left oft" bluntly. This is a good way to get your "dol-
lar " lor a queen if no customer is alter licr who is
sharp enough to see the point.

J. A. Buchanan.
Wmtersville, Ohio, Aug. 2Cth, 1877.

I agree with our friend, almost entirely, and
this particular point in regard to hybrids is
one that really troubles me. My best yield of
comb honey, both this season and last, was
from hybrid stocks; and in selling off all my
hybrid queens, I have more than once felt, that
I might be selling my most profitable ones.
They are vehement in stinging, but they are
also vehement in honey gathering and brood
rearing, and I really admire their energy, while
I lament their — want of common sense, J. guess
I shall have to term it, when one tries to look
over their " v^ares ," say in the fall of the year.
While preparing our bees for winter, I at first
thought I had found the key to their extra
amount of comb honey, because several of them
had almost nothing in the brood chamber,
while the Italians had the brood comics filled
and the honey stored round the cluster, in a
most provident way. Now, only last evening
we found a full blood Italian colony that had
stored in the sections, with almost nothing in
the brood combs, wl^ile the worst stock of hy-
brids in the apiary had enough in the brood

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

289

combs to fix both nicely for winter. The lat-
ter case is, it is true,'au exception, but it indi-
cates it would be well to go slow, in entirely
discarding hybrids.

FEEDING EXTKACTED HONEY TO GET SECTIONS
FINISHED OUT.

We have just liuished demonstrating that
this will pay, and pay well. If you have sec-
tions full of empty comb, you can get as much
as 9 lbs of sealed comb honey, for every 10 lbs
of liquid honey fed, after you have fed enough
to get the brood combs tilled. But after you
have fed them about 100 lbs, they get " tired,"
and will not notice even nice clover honey. A
colony of full bloods and one of hybrids was
used for the experiment. The Italians went
far ahead of the hybrids, and yet were no more
than half as strong. Now comes a funny fea-
ture; the hyb:'id stock was composed of black
bees, one and i banded bees, and finely marked
Italians, all the progeny of one mother, of
course. Well, the black bees first stopped
work in the feeder, next the one and 2 banded,
and to-day if I wanted to show a visitor some
of the finest Italians in the apiary, I should
uncover this hybrid stock, and let him see the
bees at work in this pan of honey. There they
are, gentle and finely marked, while their own
family of blacks below, are as ugly as they well
can be. The Italians are certainly far ahead
for a " big job."

FERMENiTATION OF HOXEY.

fTALIAN queen rec'd on the 21st as lively ab a
cricket, introduced the same day with success,
, and to-day has combs tilled witli brooil and egijs.

I have been a constant reader of Gleanings, Irom
Vol. I to Vol. V, ;tnd have not in any of your teach-
ings louiid a word concerning lermcuting honey, tlie
cause, or remedy. I extract irom the Irauies of comb
only when thoyarc sealed, place the extracted honey
in open tanks io settle, theu draw off and barrel. I
find tlje honey more or less in a state ot lennentation.
But whether it is caused by the extreme heat we ex-
perience here down South, in the months ot July,
August and September 1 am unable to say. My ex-
tracting room is a 12 loot octagon, lacing soutli, cast,
west and north, with two doors and lour v>i;idows, all
of wire cloth ; and Irom this arrangement 1 have a
constant breeze circulating through daiij^, but still
my extracted honey lermeuts.

1 should be pU ascd to know if there are any of your
thousand of readers who have ever experienced the
same, and if there is any remedy to prevent honey
Irom fermenting alter being extracted from capjjed
combs. 1 have, frequently, when manufacturing sug-
ar, after the molasses liad drained from the sugar,
and become fermented, prevented the same with the
fumes of sulphur. James A. Pkixchakd.

Iberville, La., Aug. 29th, '77.

If our friend means that fermentation takes
place to such an extent as to make the honey
sour, it is certainly something rather unusual,
with honey capped over before being extracted.
If he means that it froths and oozes out of the
cans and barrels simply, without having its
flavor impaired, it is quite a common occurrence
with some honey. The only remedy for all
such " antics " that we know of, is to seal it up
hot like fruit, in fruit jars. It has been sug-
gested that the minute grains of pollen con-
tained in the honey, act like yeast, inducing
fermentation ; hence, heating the honey to
about the boiling point, or exposing it to a
freezing temperature, kills these yeast germs,
and stops the mischief. The fumes of sulphur,
or sulphurous acid, are also death to this yeast
plant, and wc therefore prevent cider from

" working," by simply burning sulphur in the
empty barrel. Honey does sometimes ferment,
even when sealed up in the combs ; I saw a
comb during the prevalence of the bee malady,
a few winters ago, that was so filled with fer-
menting honey that it had burst the caps of
the cells and was oozing out in the form of a
thin watery froth. No wonder that the bees
died. I then supposed it to be because they
had gathered late thin fall honey, but I now
think if the combs had been well covered with
bees, in a hive with warm porous walls, they
would have fixed it just as nicely as our moth-
ers do their preserves by scalding ; for I have
since fed bees thin sour honey, and if too much
is not given them at ones, they will fetch it
back to sweet honey.

AN lOTPROVEOTENT IN MAKING CHAFF
CUSHIONS.

f BEGAN tlie season of '76 with 5 colonies; in-
creased to 11, and extracted 550 lbs. white clover
, honey, all of which was fully ripened in the hive

and capped over, liy the way, I thinK such honey
equal to any box honey, if not superioi, and it brings
about the same price here. My uives hold 12 frames,
and I use a division board of duck tacked on a frame
and suspended the same as a frame of comb. For
wintering, 1 use 8 irames, placing a chaff cushion in
the end of the hive and one on top of the frames. My
11 colonies, all scrong, thus prepared came through
the winier all right, and oa tUt; il.st of March were
mucu stronger than whcu put up in the fall. 1 pre-
pare my cuihions in this way : 1 take vcrv ihin mus-
lin, 40 inches v/ide, fold it and cut the itUgiU I want
it; ihis makes three seams to run up, which is very
quickly Uune on a macliine. l>Io<v 1 loid the corner ol"
the pillow, uiagonaliy to tlie scam, and stitch across
the corner four inches ; do the same wiih the tliree
remaiuiag corners, turn the slip, liil it \»ii,n chaff and
1 have a square pillow four inches in thickness, that
just Ills my hives, and saves all the trouble of sowing
in a strip four inches wide. Well, I have told '• What
I know about chaff' cushions" at some length, and
will stop short off to say good- by. A. C.

Johnstown, Ohio, June 9th, 1877.

A chaff cushion to fit snugly inside the upper
story, should be a square box of cloth, just the
size of the space it is to fill ; and we, some time
ago, mentioned that we made them by using a
band of cloth for the sides, with a square piece
of cloth for top and bottom. The plan furni-
shed by our Iriend above, avoids the use of so
many pieces, for the entire case is made of one
piece of cloth, and there is very little waste.
If you fail to get the idea, take a common pil-
low, and push in one of the corners ; close the
sides together, so as to make an upright seam,
and by doing the same with each corner, we
shall have a box of cloth.

Last spring I purchased one colonj' of Italian bees,
in a movable frame hive— Am. frame— but not know-
ing anything about bees or hives, and the frames be-
ing 60 badly united with combs and bee glue, I used it
as a box hive, with box for surplus honej' on top.
For this colony and hive I paid SU.OO. The weight of
hive and bees, when purchased was 78 lbs. On the
17th of June llrey threw off their lu-st swarm, a very
large one, again, on the 2(;th of June, another good
sized swarm. These were all hived in common box
hives. From the parent swarm, I obtained 3o lbs. ol:
box honey, from first swarm 45 lbs., second swarm 25
lbs., third swarm 10 lbs. ; making in all, 115 lbs. from
the one swarm and their increase. Honey is wortb
here 20 cts. perlb. and 115x20=§23.00; 4 colonies say
$6.0U=S24.00 ; deduct from this, cost of bees and hived
=§12.(jO and we have ^5.00 profit from the one swarm.
Honey pasturage here is wlilte clover, buckwheat and.
prairie ffowers. My hives at this time are full of bees
and honey. Next spring, I think I will transfer to the
Simplicity hive. Would you advise me to do so ?

John C. Fowleu, Ashkum, 111., Oct. 8th, '77.

290

GLEANmOS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Nov.

GETTING OFF SECTIONS, HIVE WKA-

KING, DOOIilTTIiE'S HIVE, BOTTOM

BOARDS, &c.

fWANT a little light on a few questions that I
have not seen touched upon in Gleanings. How
, ilo you manage to get your sections capped over,

Hiid then how do you get them oil' without getting
thLm uncapped ? My bi os would not cap the sections
all over, though they were in tlie hive (lower story) a
long time; and wlien I wanted to take them out they
all ibll to uncapping and filling thtniselves as last as
possible ; now, how can this be prevented ?

The sections will all be nicely capped over,
if the yield of honey continues; if it stops,
they will remain unfinished, unless you feed.
If you remove the sections while honey is com-
inji in, the bees will make no attempt to un-
cap them, and the full blood Italians will
scarcely ever at any season. After the yield
has stopped, the blacks and hybrids, will
"grab" for every drop, just as soon as they get
an idea you are going to take it away from
them ; and your only remedy is to shake them
oft' just as soon as you get the hive open, if you
do not want the caps to the cells full of their
ragged perforations.

You tell us how the new style of bevel is cut but do
not tell liow to cut them. How do you make the sli-
ding platform, or don't you use any at all ? If 1 have
any hives made the coming winter 1 want them made
light. Now, another thing right heie; if your hives
are halved in at the corneis instead of made on a mi-
Ire don't you have an open space, caused by the i>ev-
el, to till up with putty? I should think so. You
know what you said about mitred corners in Vol. II.
I think you were about correct.

Since we have used the iron guage frame,
we put all hives together on a mitre, and for
the very reason that the covers and upper sto-
ries may fit with a water and wind proof joint.
When properly nailed, they are very strong.
Hive making will soon appear in the A B C.

Please tell us liow to make division boards such as
Doolittle uses (not chaff cushions). Since reading
Cook's Manual and Mr. Doolittle's articles I have had
quite a leaning toward the Gallup frame, and the re-
port from Mr. D. in Oct. Gli^amngs lias almost con-
verted me, but before I Li come h convert 1 want to
ask if Mr. D's success is not more due to his skill and
a (/oo(nocrt?//2/ than to the hive, though lie gives the
hive the credit ? Five hun^lred anfl sixty-six lbs. ex-
tracted honey is an enormous amount for one liive.

Friend Doolittle's division board, is only a
,14 inch division board, and is stationary ; see
page 7. Slots are cut through it to allow the
bees passage into the side boxes. I think it
is his skill, energy and industry, rather than
his hive or locality either. Questions like
this, it seems to me, we are all, in a measure,
compelled to answer ourselves, individually.
If you can not decide, get a hive and try it. I
believe friend D. rather prefers you should try
one before investing in them largely. His
plan of working is with a small hive, and a
very small brood chamber. His largest form
of hive, contains only 30 two lb. boxes, and he
therefore is obliged to be on hand almost at
the very minute they begiu to be crowded for
room, to take out the filled sections and to put
in empty ones. I confess I like the idea ; it is
just what you must do if you are going to suc-
ceed. If you are one of those who will say,
" I know my hives are full, a great many of
them, but I really ctin not get time to take oft"
the honey," you will never do to follow Doo-
little. Now before we decide to give up our
hives friend C, and take D's, had we not bet-
ter take a cool square look at the matter.
While his hive is about the smallest, Quinby

used about the largest, and besides his very
large brood chamber, he put on at once, boxes
to hold over 200 lbs. j^fter the enormous
yields that Quinby and hig neighbors made
with these great hives, and after he sent out
his circular stating that from one to two hun-
dred pounds of comb honey, or from two to
three hundred pounds of extracted could be
realized on an average from each hive in one
season, beginners were much inclined to
throw up the hives they were already using,
and adopt them. See page 104, Vol. II, and
page 19, Vol. III. These hives are the direct
opposite of Doolittle's. The one that gave 582
lbs. of honey Vv-as used with 33 of these large
Quinby frames. In the hands of the average
bee-keeper, the Q. hive has given just about
the same results as other hives. Capt. Heth-
erington with his apiary of over 1000 hives,
takes the large frames, and the large hives ;
Doolittle has the other extreme. Whom shall
we follow? I think we can test their ways of
working, generally, with the hives we have,
but it is quite likely we shall many of us, nev-
er be able to equal their work, even if we had
their hives, locality and all. Notwithstanding,
we are going to try hard ; are we not ?

How do you use your bottom boards when you win-
ter in cellar? It seems to me tliey are not so conve-
nient as a plain board with a slot %x4 inches in front
of hive for an entrance. How do yon carry hives to
and from summer stands? take the hive and leave
the bottom board ?

The season has been poor here, very fine in the
spring but too dry all through the summer and fall.
Fall flowers have not yielded much. Basswood al-
most nothing. Have 8 stands ; 7 are Italians and hy-
brids, 1 black. F. W. Comings.

East Berkshire, Vt., Oct. 2d, 1877.

When moving Simplicity hives, to close the
entrance we simply push the hive back on the
bottom board until the entrance is closed ;
have carried the hives in and left the bottom
boards, but once in a while we rind a colony
that "boils" out with such treatment. A bot-
tom board must be cleated to prevent warp-
iug; it should also be raised up from the
ground a little, and we want it closed all
round so that neither bees, toads nor anything
else can get under. Taking all into consider-
ation, is it not simpler to have bottoms and
covers, all one and the same thing V

ma I #11 am

BEES IN THE HOUSES AND GROCERIES.

WjHAT measures can you suggest for keeping
bees at liome and preventing their wandering
^ ^ into stores, &c., and setting lost ? I am losing
numbers daily in this way. Please answer in Glean-
ings. • " J. H. Thom, M. D.
Garafraxa, P. O., Canada, Sept. 25th, 1877.

During a severe drouth such as we have
just had, it is one of the problems, to tell what
to do. To try to keep peace with our neigh-
bors, we wrote the following for our Medina
paper.

ABOUT THE BEES.

I am very sorry indeed that some of our
towns-people have been annoyed by the bees
during this severe drouth we are having.
When the flowers are all dried up, as at
present, bees are pretty apt to look about to
see if an honest penny can not be turned, else-
where ; for they are proverbially averse to
loafing, as everybody knows. They have one
other peculiarity, which it may be worth while
to consider, and that is, that they very soon

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

291

abandon any speculation that does not pay.
If you want them all to go home quwtly,
simply make their business at your store or
home, an unprotltable one, and they will very
soon leave, I assure you. If they are at vpork
at your peaches, preserves, sugar bowl, can-
dies, baskets of sweet grapes or the like, cover
up the articles precisely as you would if Hies
were to be kept away from them. If you are
making preserves or cauning fruit, stop the
first bee from getting oft' with a load, and no
more will come ; if you have neglected to do
this, and they have already started a " land
office business," j'ou will have to close the
doors and windows until they abandon the
job, which will be in a couple of hours. If it
is hot weather, mosquito netting will do the
business nicely. The same fabric or some nice
pink tarleton, will do nicely to cover fruit or
confectionery in our shops and groceries.
This has been done in cities for years, and it
is worth all the expense, to have such goods
kept entirely from the flies in the fall of the
year.

Am I asking you to take a great deal of
trouble ? Yes, I fear I am, and therefore, I
prefer that you allow me to pay all expense of
trouble and material. I love law and order,
and dislike to have anything that belongs to
me, trespass upon the rights of anyone ; and if
this matter can not be arranged pleasantly, I
will move both myself and bees out into the
country ; for where my bees are, there shall I
be. I dislike to do this, for it would inconve-
nience those in my employ very much, and our
town has far too few manufacturing establish-
ments already. Still farther, you would be
troubled with bees still, for others beside my-
self keep bees, and I have several times been
called when it was the common old fashioned
bee that was troubling. I do not blame you
for feeling cross when you accidentally get
stung, for it malies me cross too, sometimes,
and I can scarcely blame you for thinking that
it is my bees when I have so many ; but my
friends, ray yellow bees never sting when
away from home, unless they are pinched in
some way, and made to do so in self defense.
You can drive them out of your houses, just
as you would flies.

I need hardly remind you, that my business
is, at present, bringing quite a little money
into our town, and that from a distance too ;
some of it, from across the ocean. Our boys
and girls are even now, clamoring for some-
thing to do, and can we really aflbrd to be
frightened out of a thrifty, and rapidly grow-
ing business, by a few bees? You are to be
judge and jury, and I will go away quietly
and pleasantly, without; any law or action of
our town council, if it is your wish. Since I
have become a Sunday school worker, I have
learned the imijortance of being good natured,
I iiope. A. I. Root.

P. S. — While the weather remains so warm
and dry, if you see a bee loading up with any
of your property, you had ketter kill him be-
fore he gets home and brings a raft of his com-
rades back with him. I shall have no hard
feelings toward you at all, if you throw the
flat-iron at every bee that has the impudence
to so much as take a squint over your garden

fence to see whether you are going to preserve
peaches to-day or not. A. I. R.
— ^ ■>■ -^

A bee: FCJNERAIi.

/i^N Sept. Ist, I obtained from W. C. Grler In
(hMj)) I-iamar, (Mo.) an imiiorted Italian queen which I
"'^s^ proposed to introduce into what I consiuered
the best hive I have. On the night oi the "id, I intro-
duced her into the hive leaving her over night and in
the morning of the Sd, I found the old queen, a black
one, and taking her out 1 cut olT her head and threw
the body some l.i feet from the hive on the ground. I
noticed no particular commotion among the bees un-
til about •! o'clock in tlie afternoon when I observed a
procession of bees forming at the hive in a solid line
and moving toward the body of the deail (jueen. They
moved on and ajjproachiiig the body surrounded it,
and all with one accord as they approached the body
threw up their wings in a peculiar manner and made
every sign of grief and mourning. Alter a lime ihey
withdrew and returned to the hive. No further dem-
onstration took place. Was this the result of instinct
or reason y T. G. Hakvey.

There is nothing at all unusual, in the above,
but friend Harvey has, I think, drawn his con-
clusions a little hastily. Bees do not always
show signs of grief at the loss of a queen, but
I have frequently known, even nuclei, when
they discovered tne queen was gone, to rush
out of the hive, and search all over, even to
crawling the distance mentioned, in search of
the queen. I have also known them to find
her body where 1 had thrown it, and in such
cases, those who first find her, throw up their
wings, and utter a call to their companions.
The bees from the hive often hear this call, and
come in a body ; they will hang round the spot
for a time, but after finding she is really dead,
they probably conclude wisely, that what "can't
be cured must be endured," and so they start
ofl' home again, and most usually in a body ;
as bees generally move in that way. If the
ground about the hives is clean, as it should
be, you will often see these transactions.
When a queen dies of old age, you will often
be apprised of the fact, by ttie small cluster of
faithful followers who hover about her body
where it has been carried out and dropped by
some less impressible worker. In swarming
time if the queen's wings are clipped, a line of
workers will almost always guide you to her,
if she has crawled ofl" in the grass instead of
back into the hive, and I once followed one, in
that way, half across the garden.

BEES AND ORAPES.

M)Y own and my neighbor's grapes are badly punc-
tured, and of course spoiled in consequence.
J Bees are found in large numbers in the vines

and evidently enjoy their sweets. Mubt ihey be re-
garded as the (lepiedators ? A Subsckibek.
Kuoxville, Tenn., Aug. '23d, 1877.
Bees do, at times, get started on grapes, and
without a doubt puncture the fruit; yet it is
a tough job for them, and they can easily be
made to abandon it. If the grapes are ripe
enough for the bees, they are ripe enough to
pick, and should be taken out of their way.
They started on our grapes just one season,
but it was such up hill business they soon
abandoned it for the fall flowers. A few days
ago, I noticed a cluster that had been badly
mashed in atempting to tear it from the vine ;
it was covered with bees. It was promptly re-
moved with all the other bruised or punctured
grapes near, and they did not again molest

292

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Nov.

them durinj; the season. Bees can be taught
almost any kink of mischief, and i when ^they
get going, they arc a "host."

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Published Montbly,

EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.

MEDINA, OHIO.

[Including Postage.']
For Club Bates see First Page.

isd:EiDi:]sr-A.3 isro^v. i, istt.

And he ye kinfl otic to another, tenrler-hearteri. for-
giving one another, even a"? Gorl for Christ's salie hath
forgiven you.— EphS'Slans. 4: :ii.

Fkievd Doolittle received for his white comb
hnnay, 20a.; the dark or secoinl quality, is to be, or has
been so'd on commission, so we cannot at present
say what his whole crop nett,p<i.

Good queens can be raised during the month of
Oct . lint so many are Inst, it is har.lly a profitable
busiaess. Had we tak^n pains to save a good lot of
drones, vei%' likely it would have made a great differ-
ence.

The beautiful ennravings that help to exp'ain' the
A B C, are the work of Stillman Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.
See their card in this No. A pretty picture, is a joy

lor ever, hut a bad one is a sorrow for ever. Have

they .not done nicily on the basswood ?

We have succeeded this month also, in sending
every queen ordered, by roturn mail, and we remem-
ber of but one, of the whole lot, that was dead when
received. This one was mads good. "With our new
large cages, I think we can send them safely up to
Dec, and perhaps later.

^^ »<!l» — Cb

Marcus Dubois, of Newburg, N. Y., sends us a plan
tor making the roots of old hives water tight by tack-
ing a small tin through on the underside, just xinder
the jaint in the roof boards. The troughs are similar
to those we usa in the chafl'hive Cvivers; ilustrated in
last Nov. No. The idea is an excellont one, for a leaky
roof will sometimes kill the best colony outright, and
no amount of i);iint '.vill make covers tight, when they
.ire mnde of two or more boards. If it v.'lll accommo-
date, we can lurnish tin gutters i inch wide, for ^ •.
per running foot. This device allows the wood to
shrink and swell, which paint and matching do not.

Not one of all the largj number of imported queens
I have handled this season, has been lost in introdu-
cing, and I almost wonder at It myself. I presume
the great secret is, that I made up my mind I could
not stand the exjicnse of losing a single one. A few
days ago I purchased G tested queens of a neighbor,
and lost 3 In introducing. 1 gave them to hybrids,
and was in too much of a hurry to look fcr them
shortly alter they were Introduced, to see If they were
all right. No\7 comes the "tug of war."' I ordered SO
queens froin Italv. but-, blunderingly arr ingcd to have
them reach here Doc. lii, instead of Nov. 1st, as I had
intended. Won't it be funny if some of them don't

THE SIMPSON HONEY PLANT.

HOW IT WORKS UNDER CULTIVATION.

fi WISH to say something of this plant; Scrofu-
Inna Nodosa, tt has a great many common
— I names, such as Figwort, Square stalk. Heal all.
Rattle weed, and Carpenter's square ; the last two arc
the ones by which It is generally known In our sec-
tion. The name Rattle weed is derived Irom the
sound made by the ripe seed In the pod, when the
stalk is shaken, being something like the singing
sound of the rattle snake. We, in the summer ot Tfi,
took a stroll in the tields and wood to ?ce what blos-
soms the bees were working on, as thr y seemed busy.
We foimd them on the red clover, aiid particularly
busy on this plant. Its blossom is so small that a bee
can scarcely get its head in, but can get to the honey
without much effort, with its proboscis. I noticed,
too. the drop of honey at the bottom of blossom that
had not been visited liy the bees that were so efigor to
sip it, for we found on most of the j)Iants fi om 2 to 10
bees, all busy and contending for the precedence.
We, at the time, wrote in our meniorar.dum as fol-
lows: "We find that the plant. Carpenter's Ecjuare,
aff.)rds a great deal of honey, is much sought tor by
the bees, and is worthy of protection and cultivation
as it grows well in waste places and iiedge rows."

], in the fall, procured a root and ))lanted it in the
garden, but forgot all about it until it was called to
mind by Gleanings. I then looked and found the
plant all right, and by the first of July it was begin-
ning to bloom, and such a stalk it did make; 8 leet
high, with about ten spikes, making not less than 15
to 16 feat o( flowers, the middle or top spike being
about 3 feet long. Now these were not af open at
once, but lasted from the first of July till the first of
Oct., visited by bees and other Insects from "early
morn till dewy eve." In fact we h.ave found bees
gathering honey from this plant beiore sunrise just at
day light, and in the evening alter sundown when so
nearly dark they could scarcely see to liy.

We have been" so pleased with it that we have taken
the precaution to collect some of the seed, which we
find is very small, not as large as tobacco seed. This
plant is a jierennial, will come up Irom the root every
year and needs but little cnre except prottcii' n from
the cattle, as they will break It down. We shall plant,
a lot of roots in our lot or garden this fall, and make
furiher observations. If any ot the bee-keepers are
willing to try it we will send some seed by tneii iiay-
ing postage, or will exchange seed with othi rs that
have something new. Jos. 0. Deem.

Knightstown, Ind., Oct. 13th, 1877.

Pei'taiiiing t:o Bee Culture.

[We respectfully solicit the aid of our friends in
conducting this dei^artment, and would consider it
a favor to h.ave them send us all circulars that have
a deceptive appear.ance. The greatest care will be at
all times maintained to prevent injustice being done
any one.]

MiRS. LIZZIE COTTON is again at work
full blast, wherever she can finfl a peri-
' odical that will publish her falsehoods.
Her latest, by some nicans, has got into the
WeeJdy Svn, and although a later issue sound-
ed the warning, many dollars will doubtless
be lost by the too credulous. See her record
in back No's and Vol's.

One of our subscribers, we are sorry to say,
is blackmailing his fn ■ ds and neighbors by
demanding money for the 'ght to use the Am.
hive. We dislike to give 'e person's name
publicity but shall in our ne.x unless he de-
sists. Mr. King, j'cars ago, a ^ounced the
hive as public property, in the M^jazine ; fur-
thermore, there never was a patent on any
part of the Am. hive as it is now in use. The
patented feature was laid aside in a very short
time, as utterly worthless, and this is a very
fair sample cf bee hive patents in general.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

293

Ihe following hos been added to aimahy.

Tliere is still Jinother julvantage in the
house apiary, and it is i)eihai)s the most im-
portant of all. It is that the bees, honey and
all the implements, can be easily kept under
lock and key ; a very important item where
thieving is very prevalent. Where the api-
arist becomes the owner of more colonies
than can profitably be kept in one place, he
can establish house apiaries at almost any
l)oint, and I have long had visions of a large
central apiary, with (5 house apiaries ar-
rangetl hexagonally all about it ; say three
miles from the center, and three miles from
each other. I think they could be so man-
aged that a visit once a week during the
honey season would, as a general thing, be
all that would be needed. Some loss would
result from unexpected swarming, but this
could in a great measure be obviated by the
use of the extractor, or an abundant supply
of sections furnislied with the fdn. If loca-
ted near a dwelling, some of the inmates
would soon learn to hive the swarms, and
look after things that might turn up. No
one should think of undertaking this, until
he has the ability, of first caring well for one
ai)iary ; and it can never be made a success,
until we have entirely got over all such
foolishness as allowing bees to starve, to re-
main a long time queenless, or to dwindle
down from any cause, as too many of us
now do.

With a good horse, and a trim light buggy,
it would be very i)retty w^ork, riding about
and overseeing these apiiries ; but who
among us lias the ability to do it successful-
ly V Instead of answering aloud, go to work
quietly, and let your works be the answer.

WHICH STYLE OF APIARY TO ADOPT.

By way of summing up, I will state that
Avith my i)resent experience I would choose
the Chalf hive apiary, for honey alone. For
raising bees and and queens for sale. I would
use the vineyard apiary and Simplicity liives,
lifting the bees into Chaff hives to "winter.
If I were in a neighborhood where honey
and bees were very likely to be stolen, or ff
I were going to locate an apiary away from
home, I would choose the house apiary. Ob-
jections to the latter, are the inconvenience
of handling hives that you can not walk all
around, and the expense of the building.
For general ])urposes I would use a vine-
yard apiary, with both Simplicity and Chaff
hives.

AddUon to cages fqr queens.
Since the above was written, we have given
the candy queen cages the most severe tests
in the way of sending bees Ijy mail, to all
l)arts of the U.S., and while we have had
some failures, we have succeeded in sending
them safely, to Colorado, Canada, Miss., &c.
At first we i)ut only 8 or 10 bees in the cage
with the (lueen. but it finally transpired that
the more bees there were, the less was the
mor'tality. We now put in from 20 to 80,
and succeed, almost invariably. It seems
that bees cannot use candy to good advan-
tage, unless there is quite a cluster of them

to furnish the necessary warmth; and when
there is ()uite a little crowd in tiie cage, the
moisture exhaled from their bniath, seems
to soften the candy, just about as they need
it. If we have a very valuable (|ueen. or the
distance is great, we" have Ix'cn in the habit
of giving the bees two cages fastened togeth-
er. No loss has ever been reported, when
l)ut up in this way, and we therefore have
made a cage of U inch lumber, with a 2i
inch hole, that we think would keep the bees
and queen safely a month, and we h()i)e will
enable them to go safely across the ocean.
These large ones, can be made for about
twice the price of the others ; I think both
should be kept in the ai)iary.

now TO CAGE TIIK BEES AND QUES:N.

Open your hive without smok(? if you can ;

if you cannot, use as little smoke as i)ossible.

When the bees have become (piiet, lift out

i the frames until you hnd the one containing

j the queen, and stand it in the hive in the

j position shown in the diagram on page 211.

Set the frame so that the (jueen is on the
part projecting out of the hive. Oj)en the
cage just as you see it in the engravnig, and
i hold it in yo»u- left hand, while your thumb
I covers the entrance. Now i)ick the (jueen
i up by both wings, or by lier shoulders, while
you put her into the cage. Fut your thumb
over the entrance at once, or she will craw^l
out in a twinkling. Now we want none but
I young bees to put with her, so we will look
on the frame, for those that are dipping their
noses into the unsealed honey. As their
bodies are bent, we have an excellent oppor-
tunity to ])ick them up by the wings, and
with a little practice you should be able to
put them in the cage about as fast as you
would grains of corn. Young bees will nev-
er sting your thumb, unless they hajjpen to
be very bad hybrids, but old ones will some-
times venture to do so, if you ha])pen to
handle them too roughly. We mail them by
tying around the cage a strip of stout paper,
with a hole about the size of a lead i)encil
cut through over the wire cloth. This is for
ventilation, and cannot safely be omitted,
as we have found to our cost.

B£2£S-BRZ!SS. Before the advent of
the Italians, and the convenient smokers we
now have, it was thought best to have a dress,
or sort of " jacket " attached to the veil,
Avith sleeves, for the protection of the op-
erator, while working among the hives.
Such things are I believe now' almost out of
date, with the exception of veils, and the
gloves that are used to some extent. The
veils, are many times, without doubt, useful;
but I am so well satisfied that even a begin-
ner will get along better and with less
stings, with his bare hands than with any
kind of gloves, that I have no hesitation in
advising him to have nothing to do with
them. Have your smoker in good trim, and
tiiere is hardly a necessity of your being
stung at all. While I cannot tliink it best to
advise a dress i)articularly for bee work, I
feel that it is a very wise precaution to have

294

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Ncv.

yovir ordinary attire of such a nature that
bees may not get under the clothing ; many
severe stings are received in this way, from
bees having no ill will at all, but only sting-
ing because pressed by the clothing. When
bees are shaken or dropped off the combs,
they are very apt to crawl up ones feet, and
I know of few things more annoying, than
the sensation of a bee crawling up ones leg
when he is too busy to stop and stamp until
he drops out of his mipleasant ( to all par-
lies concerned ) lodgiug plice, or stings and
has it dons with, as he is pretty sure to do if
yoa are not careful. If you wear llannels,
and have them tucked inside your stockings,
this cannot happen ; or if you wear boots and
have your pants tucked in your boot tops,
you are bee proof in this respect. I prefer
low shoes in the summer, and light cloth-
ing for out door work, and when I am going
to shake bees off the frames, I always put
my pant legs inside my stockings, even at
the risk of being stared at by visitors. If
you are obliged to handle bees in cool weath-
er, or so late in the day that they have ceased
flying, they are very apt to crawl under your
coat or vest, and sometimes up your sleeves.
I do not mind the stings so much as the time
it takes to get them out ; and I dislike to
run any risk of carrying them into the pre-
sence of others, who may not be so indiffer-
ent to stings as I am. Some years ago, I
wore shirts that buttoned up in front, and
the hybrids seemed especially fond of get-
ting inside my shirt whenever I particularly
desired them outside. I am not partial to
new fashions in clothing, and when my Avife
made a shirt that buttoned down the back,
s'.ie rather expected a sermon on the folly of
—well, she heard in place of objections, a
declaration that I would never wear any
other, because they were bee-proof. For the
same reason, I prefer the sleeves close at the
wi-ist, and my whole clothing in general, so
close and free from openings that a bee can
crawl up my shoes, and go clear to the top
of my head and fly off, without any trouble
to either himself or myself, on the principle
of, "live and let live."

When at wox'k among the hives, if bees
are scsiitered about on the ground, I am
iilways careful about stepping on tliem, or
s.) near that tliey may crawl up iny person ;
and notliing makes me more nervous tlian
to have visitors, who will walk right among
them with their careless feet, crushing them
into the dust. If it were riglit to return evil
for evil, I should sometimes think it were
good enough for them, if they did get a

sting or two. The natural home of the honey
bee is the forest, and if they consent to take
up their abode on the ground at our very
doors, we certainly should forbear stepping
on them when we pay them a visit.

I have said nothing about the attire of la.-
dies who work in the apiary, but I presume
I have given them a sufficient idea of what
is needed, to enable them to so an-ange their
clothing .as to avoid stings as much iis pos-
sible. When bees are coming in heavily la-
den, we should all have respect enough for
them, to avoid standing in front of their
hives, or walking very near to their entran-
ces. . If they are scattered about on the
ground, step around them, and there will be
very little danger of the stings that we often
hear of, because a bee becomes accidentally
entangled in the clothing.

AMKKICAK LIXDEX Oil iJASSWOOD.

( Tilia Amerkdna . )

The above will enable any one to at once

distinguish the basswood when seen. The

clusters of little balls with their peculiar leaf

attached to the seed stems, are to be seen

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

295

liangiug from the branches the greater part
of the smiiiner, and the appeanuice both be-
fore and after blossoming, is pretty much
the same. The blossoms are small, of a light
yellow color and rather pretty; the honey is
secreted in the inner side of the thick tleshy
petals. When it is profuse, it will sparkle
like dewdrops when a cluster of blossoms is
held \\\» to the sunlight.

SSS-21XOTZX. It is very likely tiiat
the moth worm is, as has been so often slat-
ed,the worst enemy the honey bee has, — if
we except ignorant bee-keepers — but if
sucli is the case, we can consider ourselves
very fortunate, for the moth is almost no
enemy at all, to one who is well posted, and
up with the times. When you hear a person
complaining that the moth worm killed his
bees, you can set him down at once, as
knowing very little about bees; and if a
hive is offered you, that has an attachment
or trap to catch or kill moths, you can set
the vender down as a vagabond and swind-
ler. You can scarcely plead ignorance for
him, for a man who will take upon himself
the responsibility of introducing hives,
without knowing something of our modern
books and bee journals, should receive treat-
ment sufficiently rough to send him home,
or into some business he understands.

When a colony gets weakened so much
that it can not cover and protect its combs,
robbers and moth-worms help themselves as
a natural consequence, but either rarely do
any harm if there is plenty of bees, and a
clean tight hive. If a hive is so made that
there are crevices which will admit a worm,
and not allow a bee to go after him, it may
make some trouble in almost any colony ;
and I can not remember that I ever saw a
patented Moth Proof Hive that was not
much worse in this respect than a plain sim-
ple box hive. A plain simple box, is in fact
all we want for a hive ; but as we must have
the combs removable, we must have frames
to hold them ; and if these frames are made
so that bees can get all round and about
them, we have done all we can to make a
moth proof hive.

Of course colonies will at times get weak-
ened ; and with the best of care, with the
common bees especially, worms will some-
times be found in the combs. Now if you
have the simple hive I shall recommend,
you can very quickly take out the combs,
and witli the point of your knife, remove
every web and worm, scrape off the debris,
and assist the bees very much. If there is
an accumulation of filth on the bottom

board, lift out all the combs, and brush it
all off", and be siu-e you crush all the worms
in this lilth for they will crawl right back
! into the hive, if carelessly thrown on the,
ground.

If you keep only Italians, or even all hy-
brids, you may go over a hundred colonies
and not lind a single trace of a moth worm.
At the very low price at which Italian
(pieens are now to be purchased, it would
seem that we are very soon to forget that a
bee-moth ever existed, and the readiest way
I know of to get combs that are badly infest-
[ ed, free from worms, is to hang them, one
I at a time, in the centre of a full hive of Ital-
j ians. You will find all the webs and worms
strewed around the entrance of the hive, in
a couple of hours, and the comb cleaned up
nicer than you could do it, if you were to
sit down all day to the task.

HOW TO KEEP EMPTY COMBS SECURE FROM
THE MOTH WORMS.

If you have Italians only, you may have
no trouble at all, without using any precau-
tion ; but if there are black bees around you,
kept in the old fashioned way, or in "patent
hives," you will be very apt to have trouble,
imless you "look out."' Suppose, for in-
stance, you take a comb away from the bees
during the summer months, and leave it in
your honey house several days ; if the weath-
er is warm, you may find it literally infested
with small worms, and in a few days more,
the comb will be entirely destroyed. Combs
partly filled with pollen, seem to be the es-
pecial preference of these greedy filthy look-
ing pests, and I have sometimes thought
they would do but little harm, were it not
for the pollen they find to feed on. A few
years ago, we used to have the same trouble
with comb honey when taken from the hive
during the early part of the season ; but of
late we have had less and less of it and the
present season — 1877 — I have scarcely seen a
moth worm in our comb honey at all, and
we have not once fumigated our honey
house. I inscribe it to the increase of the
Italians, in our own apiary, and those all
about us, for the greater .part of the bees in
the woods are now jmrtly Italian. These
have driven the moth before them to such an
extent that they bid fair to soon become ex-
tinct. Perhaps nnich has been also done, by
keeping all bits of comb out of their way ;
no rubbish that would harbor them has been
allowed to accumulate about the apiary, and
as soon as any filth lias been found contain-
ing them, it has been promptly burned.
Those who take comb honey from hives of

296

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Nov

common bees, are almost sure to find live
worms in them, sooner or later.

IIow do the worms get into a box of honey
tliat is pasted up tightly, just as soon as the
bees are driven out ? I presume they get
in just as they get into the comb taken from
a hive during warm weather. The moth
lias doubtless been all through the hive, for
she can go where a bee can, and has laid the
eggs in every comb, trusting to the young
worms to evade the bees by some means af-
ter they are hatclied. This explanation, I
am well aware, seems rather unreasonable,
but it is the only one I can give. In looking
over hives of common bees, I liave often seen
moths dart like lightning from crevices, and
Jiave sometimes seen them dart among the
bees and out again, but whether they can
deposit an egg so quickly as this, I am un-
able to say. In taking combs from the hive
containing queen cells to be used in the lamp
nursery, I have always had more or less
trouble with these moth worms. The high
temperature, and absence of bees, are very
favorable to tlieir hatching and growth, and
after about 8 days, the worms are invariably
found spinning their webs. If they are
promptly picked out, for about a week, no
more make their appearance, showing clear-
ly that the eggs Avere deposited in the
combs, while in the hive.

When the (jueen cells are nearly ready to
hatch, I often hear the queens gnawing out,
by holding the comb close to my ear ; by the
same means, I hear moth worms eating out
their galleries along the comb, and more
than once, I have mistaken them for (pieens.
They are voracious eaters, and the '' chank-
i'lg " they make, when at full work, reminds
one of a lot of hogs. As they are easily
frightened, you nnist lift the comb with
great care, to either see or hear them at
their work.

Their silken galleries are often construct-
ed right throiigli a (^omb of sealed brood, and
they then make murderous work with the
unhatched bees. Perhaps a single worm will
mutilate a score of bees, before he is dis-
lodged. Tliese are found generally at the
entrance of the' hive in the morning, and
numerous letters have been received from
new beginners, asking why their bees should
teai- the unhatched brood out of the combs,
and carry it out of the hives. 1 i>resunu' the
moth is at the bottom of all, or nearly all, of
these complaints. If you examine the cap-
ped brood carefully, you will see light
streaks across the combs wliere these silken
galleries are, and a pin, or knife point, will

quickly pry his wormship out of his retreat.
As the young worms travel very rai)idly, it
is quite likely the eggs may have been de-
posited on the frame or edges of the comb.
It is a little more dirticult to luiderstand how
they get into a honey box with only a small
opening, but I think it is done by the moth,
while on the hive.

You may i)erhaps have noticed that the
motli webs are usually seen from one comb
to another, and they seldom do very much
mischief, uidess there are two or more combs
side by side. Well, if you, in putting your
surplus combs away for winter, i)lace them
2 or more inches apart, you will seldom have
any trouble, even should you leave them un-
disturbed until tlie next July. There is no
danger from worms, in any case, in the fall,
winter or spring, for the worms cannot de-
velop, unless they have a summer temper-
ature, although they will live a long time in
a dormant state if not killed by severe freez-
ing weather. I have kept combs in my barn
two years or more ; but they were not re-
moved from the hives, imtil fall, and were
kept during tlie sinnmer months, in a close
box, where no moth could i)ossibly get at
tliem. I have several times, had worms get
among them when I was so careless as to
leave them exposed during warm weather,
and one season, I found nearly 1000 combs so
badly infested that they would have been
almost worthless, in less than a week. The
combs were all hung up in the honey house,
and then about a lb. of brimstone was
thrown on a sliovel of coals in an old kettle.
This was placed in the room, and all doors
and windows, carefully closed. Next morn-
ing, I found most of the worms dead, but a
few that were encased in heavy webs were
still alive; after anotlier and more severe
fumigation, not a live one was to be found,
and my combs were saved. I have several
times since, fumigated honey in boxes in
the same way.

After the bees have died in a hive, it
should never be left exposed to robbers and
moths,but should be carried in-doors at once,
or carefully closed up. If you have not bees
either by artilicial or natural swarming, to
use the combs befort^ warm weather, you
should keej) a careful watch over them, for
a great amount of nuschief may be done in
a very few days. I once removed some
cond)s, heavy witli honey, in August, and
thinking no worms would get into them so
late, I delayed looking at them. A month
later, the honey began to run out on the
floor, and upon attenipliug to lift out a

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

297

ooinl), it was toiuul impossible to do so.
When all were litleil up at once, a mass of
webs nearly as large as one's head was
found, in place of the honey and combs. So
much for not keeping a careful watch of
such property.

By way of summing up, I would say : Use
plain simple uni)atented hives, get Italians
as soon as you can, keep your colonies s-tr )ng,
l)e sure Ihit none of them by any n\e:ius be-
come (jueenless, and you need have no so-
licitude in regard to the bi'e-moth among
your bees. If you have spare combs, or
comb honey that has been taken away from
the bees in warm weather, keep an eye on it,
and either destroy the w^)rms as soon as
they appear, or fumigate them as I have di-
rected. When your eye has become trained,
you will detect the very iirst appearance of
a worm, by its excrement, in the shape of a
line white powder. We sonu^times hunt
them oiit thus and destroy them, when they
are so small as to be only just visible to the
naked eye. (iiving your combs a good freeze,
will answer the same purpose as the fum-
igation.

BZiZSS. Every body knows what bees
are I suppose, and therefore I need not at-
tempt to give you a picture of them. If you
contemplate becoming a bee-keeper, I would
advise you to get a hive of them and then to
\ise your own eyes and eai"s, to see if what I
tell you about them is true. At present we
have but two varieties of bees that are in
common use for the production of honey,
and with the vast difference in favor of the
Italians, we shall very soon have only the
Italians. The Egyptians liave been tried in
oiu" country to some extent, but are I believe
inferior to the Italians, besides being much
more vindictive. Bees from the island of
l!yprus have been talked of somewliat, but
so far as I can learn, they differ but little, if
any, from the pure Italians. Albino bees
have also been talked about, l)ut after test-
ing them in my own apiary, I find them lit-
tle different from the common Italians. The
fringe or down, that appeai-s on the rings of
the abdomen of young bees, is a trifle whiter
than usual, but no one would observe it un-
less his attention were called to it. The
queens are very yellow, but the workei-s as
lioney gatherers, are decidedly inferi(n', even
to the second generation; and when we select
light colored bees or (jueens for several suc-
cessive generations, if we are not careful,
we shall have a w'orker i)rogeny lacking as
honey gatherei-s, and in ability to endure.
By selection, we can get almost anything we I

want, and that quite speedily with bees, for
we can i)roduce several generations in a
singh^ season, if need be.

It is said in the South, that they have two
varieties of the common or black bee, but it
is quite likely they are one and the same
thing, for bees in the same neighborhood,
vary much in color; tlie bees of one colony
may be almost a brown, wiiile in another
they are almost black. I shall speak in this
book, of but two kinds, the black or (;om-
mon, and tiie Italian.

now IlKES GROW.

During warm weather, wliile your bees
are gathering honey, open yoiu- hive in the
middle of the day, and put in the center, a
frame containing a sheet of fdn; examine it
every night, morning and noon, until you
see eggs in the cells. If you put it between
two comi)s containing brood, you will very
likely find eggs in the cells the next day. If
you have never seen an egg that is to i)ro-
duce a bee, you may have to look very slrarp
the firet time, for they are white like polish-
ed ivory, and scarcely larger than one of the
periods in this print. They will be seen in
the center of the cell attached to the comb
by one end. As soon as you discover eggs,
mark down the date. If the weather is fa-
vorable, these eggs will hatch out in about 3
days or a little more, and in place of the egg,
you will, if you look sharp enough, see a
tiny wliite worm or grub floating in a min-
ute drop of milky fluid. If you watch the
bees, you will find them incessantly poking
their heads into these cells, and it is likely
that tlie milky fluid is placed on and about
the egg, a little before the inmate breaks its
w^ay out of the shell. I infer this, because I
have never been able to get the eggs to
iratch, when taken away from the bees, al-
though I have carefully kept the tenii>er-
ature at the same point as in the hive. These
worms are really the young l^ee, in its larvae
state, and we shall in future call them
larvae. They thrive and grow very rapidly,
on their bread and milk diet, as you will see
if you look at them often. They will more
than do\ible in size in a single half day, and
in the short si)ace of 3 days, they will have
grown from a mere speck to the size of a
full grown bee, or so as to completely fill the
cell. This seems almost incredible, but
there they are, right before your eyes. I
l)resume it is owing to the highly concentrat-
ed luiture of this same "bread and milk"
food, that the w^orkers are so constantly giv-
ing them, that they grow so rapidly. If yon
take the comb away from the bees for a little

298

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Ncv

while, you will see the larvae opening their
mouths to be fed, like a nest of young birds,
tor all the world.

After the larvse is 3 days old, or between
6 and 7 days from the time when the egg
was laid, you will find the bees sealing up
some of the largest. This sealing is done
with a sort of paper-like substance, and
Avhile it shuts the young bee up, it still al-
lows him a chance to breathe through the
pores of the capping. He is given his last
feed, and the nurses seem to say, " There !
you have been fed enough ; spin your co-
coon, and take care of your self."

I wish, my friend, I could tell you what
happens after this, but I have not yet been
able to see. As a general thing, the young
bee is left covered up until he gnaws off the
capping, and com^s out a perfect bee. This
will be in about 21 days from the day the egg
was laid, or It may be 20, if the weather is
very favorable ; therefore he is shut up 13 or
14 days. Now there is an exception to this
last statement, and it has caused not a little
trouble and solicitude on the part of begin-
ners. During very warm summer weather,
the bees for one reason or another, decide to
let a part of their children go ''• bareheaded,"
and therefore we find, on opening a hive,
whole patches of young bees looking like
silent corpses with their white heads in tiers
just about on a level with the comb. At this
stage of growth, they are motionless, of
course, and so the young bee-keeper sends
us a postal card, telling us the brood in his
hives, is all dead. Some have imagined that
the extractor killed them, others that it was
foul brood ; and I often think when reading
these letters, of the family which moved
from the city into the country ; when their
beans began to come up, they tliought the
poor things had made a mistake, by coming
up wrong end first ; so they pulled them all
up, and replanted them with the bean part
in the ground, leaving the proper roots
sprawling up in the air. My friend, you can
rest assured tliat the bees almost always
know when it is safe to let the childrens'
heads go uncovered.

As it is, many times, very important to
know just when a queen was lost, or when a
colony swarmed, you should learn these data
thoroughly. For instance, it will be safe to
say, 3i days in the egg, 3i in the larvse, and
14 days sealed up.

The capping of the worker brood is nearly
flat ; tliat of the drones, raised or convex ;
so much so, that we can at a glance tell

whendrones are reared in worker cells, as is
sometimes the case.

The young bee when he gnaws his way
out of the cell, commences to rub his nose,
straiten out his feathers, and then to push
his way among the busy throng, doubtless
rejoicing that he too is one of that vast com-
monwealth. Nobody says a word to him,
nor apparently takes any notice of him, but
for all that, they as a whole, I am well con-
vinced, feel encouraged and rejoice in their
way, at a house full of young folks. Keep a
colony without young bees, for a time, and
you will see a new energy infused into all
hands, just as soon as young bees begin to
gnaw out.

If you vary your experiment by putting a
frame of Italian eggs into a colony of com-
mon bees, you will be better able to follow
the young bee as it matures. The first day,
he does little but crawl, round ; but about
the next day, he will be fovnid dipping
greedily into the cells of unsealed honey,
and so on for a week or more; after about
the first day, he will also begin to look after
the wants of the unsealed larvse, and will
very soon assist in furnishing the milky
food for them. While doing this, a large
amount of pollen is used, and it is supposed
that this larvae food is pollen and honey,
partially digested by the young or nursing
bees. Bees of this age, or a little older, sup-
ply the royal jelly for the queen cells, which
is the same thing as the food given the very
small larvse. Just before the larvse for th«
worker bees and drones are sealed up, they
are fed on a coarser and less perfectly di-
gested mixture of honey and pollen. The
young bees will have a white downy look,
until they are a full week old, and they have
a i)eculiar look that shows them to be young
until they are quite two weeks old. At
about this latter age, they are generally th^
active comb builders of the hive. When
they are a week or 10 days old, they will take
their first flight out of doors, and I know of
no prettier sight in the apiary, than a host
of young Italians taking their play spell in
the open air, in front of their hive ; their
antics and gambols, reminding one of a lot of
young lambs at play.

It is also very interesting to see these life-
tie chaps when they bring their first load of
pollen from the fields. If there are plenty
of bees in the hive, of tlie proper age, they
will not usually take up this work until
about two weeks old. The first load of pol-
len is to a young bee, just about what the
first pair of pants is to a boy baby. Instead

1S77.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

2S9

of goiiiff straight into the hive with his load,
as the veterans do, a vast amount of circling
round the entrance must be done, and even
after he has once alighted he takes wing
again, rushes all through the hive, jostles
the nurses, drones, and perhaps queen too,
and says as i)lainly as could words, "Look
liere ! This is I ; I gathered this, all myself.
Is it not nice V "

We might imagine some old veteran who
has brought thousands of such loads, an-
swering gruffly, "Well, suppose you did;
Avhat of it y You had better give it to the
nurses, and start after more, instead of
making all this row and wasting time, when
there are so many mouths to feed." I said
we might imagine this, for I have never
lieen able to find any indication of any un-
kindness, inside of a bee hive. No one
scolds or finds fault, and the cliildren are
never driven off to work, unless they wish.
If they are improvident and starvation
comes, they all starve alike, and as I do de-
lieve, without a single hard feeling or bit of
censure toward any one. They all work to-
gether, just as your right hand assists your
left, and if we would understand the econo-
my of the bee hive, it were well to bear this
point in mind.

Shortly after the impulse for pollen gath-
ering, comes that for honey gathering; and
the bee is probably in his prime, as a worker,
when he is a month old. At this age he can,
like a man of 40, " turn his hand " to almost
any of the duties of the hive ; but if the hive
is well supplied with Avorkers of all ages, he
would probably do most effective service in
the fields, see age of bees.

If a colony is formed of young bees entire-
ly, they will sometimes go out into the fields
for pollen when but 3 or 4 days old. Also
M'hen a colony is formed wholly of adult
bees, they will build comb, feed the larvae,
construct queen cells, and do the work gen-
erally that is usually done by the younger
bees, but it is probably better economy to
have l)eps of all ages in the hive.

EUCK^17HEAT. We have liad reports
from three different kinds, the black, the
gray. ;ind the Silver Hull. The two former
are old varieties, and are much alike; the
latter is new, and as usual, great things are
claimed for it. We have had a piece near
us this season ; it has given about as much
honey as the common varieties, but so far
as we can discover, but little if any more.
It bids fair to give a greater yield, and is
therefore, perhaps, somewhat preferable. It
will certainly pay for bee-keepers to raise I

buckwheat, and if they are not land owners,
they can furnish the seed to the adjoining
farmers free, or pay them a dollar or two
per acre for the honey it yields. Although
this is not a buckwheat country, I think it
pays me, taking seasons as they come, to
pay $1.()0 per acre for all that is sown witliin
li miles of my apiary, and if there should be
50 acres sown, it would i)lease me all the
better. Some such plan as this, is i)robabiy
the safest investment we can make in the
way of artificial pasturage. The hioney is
dark, and but few people like the flaVor bt'
it, after tliey have used it a little time, but'
it seems perfectly Wholesome' for winter.;'
saves purchasing sugar, all trouble 6t feed-
ing, encourages brood rearing in the fall,,
and keeps the bees away from the groceries
and dwellings, to a certain extent' /

CULTIVATION.

Buckwheat will ^-ow and blossom on al-
most any soil, but if you want it to pay. for
either honey or grain, it should have good
rich land. It is sown broadcast, about 3
pecks of seed per acre. The best crop of
buckwheat honey we ever had here, was
from a piece prepared for and planted with
corn. The corn was so nearly killed by cut
worms that it was harrowed over nicely and
sown to buckwheat in the latter part of
June. This is almost a month earlier than
buckwheat is usually sown here, but the
yield was such that from the two acres, we
had at least 200 lbs of comb honey, besides
the large amount that must have gone into
the brood apartments.

The bees that gathered the largest part of
this, were dark hybrids ; the pure Italians
were at the same time storing white honey
from red clover. It was amusing to see
hives side by side both working in the sec-
tion boxes, one of which made white combs
and honey, like that in June, while the other
built combs of a golden yellow, and stored it
with the dark rich looking buckwheat
honey. As the hybrids gave quite a large
crop of this dark honey, I began to be a lit-
tle partial to them, but after the boxes were
all removed, I found they had put it all
above, and left their brood apartment almost
empty, while the more prudent Italians, had
filled the brood combs until they were in ex-
cellent condition for winter. It has been
several times advanced that the blacks and
hybrids are ahead, when nothing but buck-
wheat honey is to be found in the fields.

DXVZSIOIV BOAZIBS. Make a frame

of lath, precisely of the dimensions outside
of the frame you use in your hive. As ordi-

300

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Nov.

nary lath is 11 wide, you will have a frame
quite similar in appearance to the broad
frames that hold the sections, except their
being roughly made. When this is done, you
are to tack stout cloth all round the sides
and bottom as showen in the engraving, and
as you tack it on, it is to be filled with chaff,
so as to make a sjrt of soft cushion. You
had better use duck for this purpose, as our
division board may be required to stand
some severe pulling, to tear it loose from
the propolis, when it is to ba removed. You
will need to pucker or gather tlie cloth slight-
ly at the corners, that they may not draw in
when the board is finished. Wlien this is
done, nail securely on each side a thin board
about 3-16 in thickness, filling in between
the two witli chalf . Now our board is finish-
ed when we have fastened a small roll of
duck to each end of the top bar, to close the
groove in the metal rabbet. To get this roll
on securely and in neat shape, it is put on
the top bar before it is nailed to the rest of
the fr ime. The tacks that hold the outside
end of this strip of cloth, are di-iveii into tlie
end of the top bar, and the cloth is then
rolled over the lieads so as to entirely con-
ceal them ; the other end, is nailed between
the top bar and the end bar as, in fact, is the
end of the long strip of cloth also.

CHAFF CUSHION DIVISION BOAKD.

• Tills division board, if made of the proper
diniiinsions, should fit nicely and easily, in
any liive. It will stand securely wliere
placed, fits air tight even if the hives should
vary a tride in size inside, and yet can be al-
\yays taken out easily, because the chaff
cushions are yielding. Wlien used to con-
tract the space of a small swarm or nucleus,
itj c m be easily pushed up until the bees fill
their apartment, and it leaves a warm
smooth flat side toward the bees. I prefer
the baar.l side to cloth, because if combs are
built beside it, they are always smooth and
flit, and the bees can never bite through the
board, as they will in time through even
duck, when used for a division board. If
you wish to use them for dividing two colo-

nies in the same hive, the division is perfect,
and no bee ever gets round or over them, to
kill a queen in the other apartment. But
the principle use of these boards, is to fix an
ordinary hive for out-door wintering. For
this purpose, we put one against each outside
wall of the hive ; if the colony is not a full
one, push them toward each other mitil it is
a full one on a smaller scale, put your chaff
cushion on top, and they are in a very good
winter nest.

If you wish to feed a nucleus so as to build
and raise brood during cool fall weather, you
can do it nicely using these division boards.
Place one on each side of the bees up to one
side of the hive, and feed liquid food in the
empty part, by means of the wooden feeder.
Have the apartment for tlie bees contracted
so that some will be crowded out around tlie
entrance, and fold a sheet of duck so as to
perfectly close the space above the frames.
Get them to wax it all tiglit with propolis if
they will. They will soon find the way to
and from the feeder, by piissing round the
lower corner of the division board at the en-
trance of the hive, and iis the warm ak can
in no Avay escape, they are to all intents,
getting their honey from outside. With
such an arrangement in Simplicity liives, I
have been building colonies up beautifully
during the present month of Oct., and by
feeding nothing but a syrup made of grape
sugar. Where the space was contracted so
as to "squeeze" the bees out at the entrance,
except when very cool, I have succeeded
equally well, with but space for three
frames.

BZs'SrS SISSSIJIjB. This plant grows
in great profusion in many of the Southern
and middle States, but the i)rincipal reports
seem to come from Virginia, and the valley
of the Shenandoah. As it blossoms fully four
months in the year, and produces a beautiful
white honey, it would seem that it m'iglit
well deserve a place among the plants on a
honey farm. If we are correct it needs but
little coaxing to cover whole farms, and in
Va., we are told there are hundreds of acres
of it growing wild, as a weed. Over 200 lbs
of white box honey have been reported from
it, from a single colony, in one summer. A
field of blue is no doubt a very pretty sight
to the bee-keeper, but to the farmers who
find it a great pest, it may not look so hand-
some. We have really no right to make our
honey farm a nuisance to the neighborhood,
by bringing in foul weeds ; so perhaps you
had better take your bees down where it
grov;s, iusl jad of sending for seeds.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

301

DEPOSITORY OF

Or Lietter!« from Those AVIio Have Made
Bee Culture a. Failure.

to ap-

. there.

sii^; This is the 3(1 year, each growing worse. Last
lall 1 had 18 hives, have now but 16. Lost 8 in winter-
iiiir, RO the increase was but (!. Twcnty-flvo Ibsi of
honey covers all ihe surplus thl^ ye;^r. One first
pwarm entered a hive that ilirl nor. swarm, two swarm-
ed twice anil were then united. Tlie other two were
artificial, all were furnished empty combs. The strong
colonies and weaker ones seem to be about all in equal
condition. Lr.st year I extracted all the honey and
fed syrup, or I should have had but little honey then.
The year before was not much better. If I did not
love honey, I should give up in disgust. I have, years
ago, about a mile from here, taken as high as 75 lbs.
comb honey from one hive. I used the section box in
frames this year, and have the 20 lbs fdn. bought last
year, still on hand. It was so much thicker than the
sample received with sample section that I could not
make it work in tho groove. Next year there will be a
box made in this vicinity with a dove-tall groove, so
that fdn. ot any thickness and no matter how cold,
can be pushed in fro.n one end, and will stay securely.
I hat thought ol making some chalT hives, but the bees
having nothing to do, amused themselves by gluing
every thing together so solid tliat the only way to get
out a frame in the upper story to start with, was to
pry it all to pieces, and take it out piecemeal.

How would wintering on summer stands work, if
they were not looked after at all and left with a snow
drift over them from 3 to ten feet deep, thawing and
freezing ?

The cellar is damp although cemented, being wet,
heavy clay soil. Some years they all pull through.
Then one will be fairly boiling over with bees; tbe
next all dwindle away from dysentery, with no difler-
ence, apparently, when put in, and when fed syrup,
there wns none in the food.

Hopefully yours for next year. E. C. Newell.

Brookfield, N. H., Oct. 15th, 1877.

What do you think Doolittle would do,
friend N., if set down in your locality? The
first sections we mads.', were on the plan you
mention, but after a little practice, we decided
our present way was just as good. Both fdn.
and sections, are much improved since those
you mention. We should consider the hives in
excellent trim, under 10 feet of snow.

My bees did rothing this year; too wet and cold.
Have had plenty to live on, but no surplus. Have not
taken over 200 lbs from 70 stands. H. Sj. HOLLEMAN.

Favettevile, Arks., Seot., 19th, 1877.

GRAPE SDOAR.

??5/iE have fed 1 bbl. of the grape sugar. We have
had samples from Milwaukee, from N. Y., and

y/w/ Irom Davenport, la., as given last month. The
fl'-st cost fc. per lb., and was vcrv hard and white.
Tfiis the bees will consume at a to"lerable rate, if laid
over the frames, providing but a small quantity be
given them at a time, that the cluster be enabled to
warm it ui). The second. Is white, and quite soft, but
It has such a disagreeable ta^te-something like lard
oil or glycerine— that I should not want it. even if the
bees did. We have purchased 5 bbls. of the last men-
tioned at 3ic.; it is about the color of nice maple sugar,
an! tastes much lit-e it, -.rlth the exception of the
slight bitter taste. The bees take this so slowly In its
solid state, that we have been obliged to use it as a
syrup; it di.- solves so readilv, this is but a slight task.
In this form, they will take it greedily, and even light
over it, and It will start comb building and brood-rear-
ing beautifully, if fed regularly lor several days in
succession. It also seems perlectly wholesome, for
colonics that have been fed on it entirely, do not spot
the clothes washing days, as thcv often do after a
frost, when they have unsealed stores.

Now comes a trouble ; grape sugar is the worst stufi"
to candy, 1 ever saw or heard of. If you make a syrup
as thick as common molasses, It will in a dav or two,
turn entirely solid ; and If you make it still thinner, it

will turn solid at the bottom of the dish, and leave the
water on top. For this reason, it can onlv be fed in
an open feeder like our wooden ones. "When the
weather is warm, it looks beautiiul n the cells, but as
soon as It turns cold, unless the colony is very strong,
our honey is all frozen up, sealed and unsealed. The
bees ripen and cap it over nicely, but imagine como
honey that won't bruise even if vou knock It against a
post ! To sec If the bees could use it in this state, we
put a comb of it in the open air ; thy emptied it com-
pletely, but tore down the wails of the cells somewhat
In so doing. Had it been in the hive, 1 think nuch
would not have been the case, and I think the mois-
ture of the clu^ster In wintering, will soften It as it
does candy. The Driven port, Co. make a syrup at 5c.
per lb that will not granulate; I shall test this also
this winter, as far as pus-ible. We will mail a sample
of the sugar on receipt of 10 cents.

From Diiferent Fields.

fS there any test within the reach of ordinary bee-
keepers, by which malignant foul brood caii with
— '. cert:iinity be distinguished from any other dis-
ease? If so, what is It.'' S. H. Clakke.
Delavan, Wis., Sept., Ulh, 1877.

When you find dead brood in the hives,
which is in a pasty condition when the cells
ai'e broken open, emitting a strong disagreeable
smell, you can be pretty sure it is foul brood.
If it keeps spreading, and growing worse, you
m;iy call it the malignant form. I think it is
now well established, that it can be got rid of,
but it is sometimes a terrible task, in a large
apiary.

I kejit account of amount of honey from only one
hive, which foots up 200 lbs. extracted honey.

C. O Shiff.
Spring Dale, Miss., Oct. 9th, 1877.

Bees working on fdn. nicely. Am extracting 200
lbs. dally. We are having a good flow of honey now,
almost the first for this season. I have 58 swarms In
2 story L. hives. Geo. W. Riker.

Zero, Ills., Sept. 8th, 1877.

My honey crop, so far, is only 8500 lbs. from 90 col-
onies in the spring, but white clover, which Is our
best honey plant, failed, and the lall yield is to come
yet. I have increased to 200 colonies, allowing no
queens but the daughters of Imported ones. I pro-
duce only extracted honey and wax.

William H. Ware.

Bayou Goula, La., Oct. 8th, 1877.

The comb fdn. is just the thing. From 6 colonies in
the spring, 1 have Increased to 12, and have taken 300
lbs of honey in small sections, which I am selling at
wholesale for 20c, to the grocers. This has not i>een a
good honev season In this section ; my bees are blacks
and hybrids. Hknry Lipfert.

MeadvlUe, Pa., Oct. 15th, 1877.

1 do not feel like boasting or bragging about my
bees this vear; It is work from morning until night. I
had, a few davs ago, 700 stands, now have lost about
100. I had thlm on low land and they were doing
finely ; all at once 1 noticed there were no old bees In
the hives. Whether they have been killed or died
from getting bad honey, 1 do not know. You'd bet-
ter believe California bee men look down hearted ihia
year E. E. Shattiick.

Los Angeles, Cal., Sept. 12th, 1877.

Queens arrived safely last Saturday evening. I In-
troduced one to a swarm of pure Italians, the other to
cross hybrids; both were accepted all right, alter 48
hours. We introduce on the j Ian given in the ABC.
I learn my lessons as fast as you give them. Some
time ago 1 gave a colony a queen without keeping her
ctiged at all, while if those you sent bad been Ut out
in 24 hours, I am pretty sure ihey would have been
killed. If, when we present the cage to the bees, they
walk leisurely over I lie wire cloth, and offer the queen
food through the raeshe?, I think we can let thf m out
at once, saiely, everv time. Ila Michener.

L'jw Banks, Ontario. Sept,, 4lh, 1877.

303

GLEANIJiTGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Nov

I have 4 frames of Italians covered with bees on
both Hlfles, and they are brlnginR in pollen every day.
I am hoping they vvill 1111 four more Iramcn this win-
ter, as they seem to do very well on orango bloom.

W. II. I'lLKlNGTON.

Jacksonville, Fla., Oct. 10th, '77.

Our honey season began late this spring, It being
about the first of July, since which in most localities
hereabouts it has (leen (julto favorable, although
rather dry of late. lam caring for over fiO colonies
and have them all in good healthy condition, having
doubliMl them since spring. I liave them in one or
two diflerent phices. As an av<',rage of what they
have done, let roe say that from 0 hives we liave 1'2,
and have taken MO lbs. of honey, mostly extracted.
Some veiy One apiaries in Salt Lake Co., have lost
nearly all their bees from foid brood, which has pre-
vailed in this Territory to a fearful extent and dis-
conraged many, but not all of us, for we expect in
this mountainous country to make bee-keeping a
Buccesd. Kdwaku Stevenson.

Salt Lake City, Utah, Sept. Ist, '77.

TALL VKAME8, AND SHALLOW KllAMES.

I am a bee-keeper to the amount of about 75 stands ;
was Very successful this summer, taking nearly 4U0O
lbs. of choice extracted honey. I must beg leave to
disagree with you in regard to the L. frame, but am dis-
j)osod to "knock under" If convinced lliat I am wrong,
and will most cordially be a convert. I have two
frames in my apiary this season; one is 10 and the
other 1.5 inches deep, and botli 12, inches wide. I run
our !ii)lary for extracted iioney this year— 1877— ami I
mott emphatically got the most, lioney Irom tlic Am.
frame. I Und that the (|ueen will use about the same
amount of emi)ty comb for depositing eggs whether
the frame Is shallow and wide, or tall and narrow,
and the tall frame-i liave more space above the brood
in which to store honey. In extracting 1 search lor
the queen, cage licr, then take every comb out of the
hive, lUK^ap and extract the lioney ; with proper help
I consume only about If) minutes, and by that time
the t)ees are somewhat contented. 1 have seen stocks
that were idle lor want of room. In half an hour busy
gathering honey. S. S. Fetheuolf.

Palefctine, Ohio, Sept. (ith, 1877.

I think we a,s!;ree exactly friond F., and the
roiiHon why you got the most from your Am.
frame, is because you did not use the shallow
ones, two story. Had you done so, you could
easily have managed to have all the brood in
the lower frames, and all the honey in the up-
per ones, moving the upper ones apart until
the combs were f-o thick the (jueen could not
use them if she would. Then, instead of hav-
ing your honey in the upper part of the Am.
frame, you would have it in the same position,
but in separate frames so that it could be ex-
tracted without meddling with the ([ueen or
brood at all. The outside combs of the lower
story can be extracted if you choose, but so
many have starved their bees by extracting
from the brood combs, I would advise no one
to use the extractor on the lower story. With
the drouth we have had this seas^on here, many
have found their bees ready to starve in Sept.
v.'here they extracted from the brood combs.
With combs 3 inches thick or more, for the up-
per story, you save half the work of uncapping
and extracting, save the bees a great amount
lit labor, have no trouble with young bees or
larvae, run no risk of losing the (|neeu, and you
can give the bees any amount of room when
tliey have a hive full of unsealed honey. Now
do you want a tall frame with the honey and
brood all together, or do you want a two-story
hive to use with the extractor V One more
jjoint; when you uncover a two story hive, the
bees, a great part of them, crowd down on the
brood combs, and the labor of shaking and
brushing is nothing like shaking bees from a
comb of brood. With the large upper story

room afforded by the chaff hive, the bees can
all be shaken iu the top, the combs taken from
a former hive can be put right in, and the hive
need hardly be kept open 3 minutes. Still
farther, there is no such laborious stooping, as
when we go down into the brood combs.

now TO KNOW A UIVE IS QUEENI.E88.

The queen you sent mo came all riglit Saturday the
25th, also your postal of caution about there being al-
ready a (iileen in the hive. I was 8usi)iclous of the
fact and the next day after I sent my order 1 com-
menced searching for the ((ueen. I foithd eggs In one
comb but could lind no (jueen. 1 then dlvlde<l the
stock into two, continued the search twice everyday
and did not find her until your queen arrived. Then
1 grabbed her for ccirtaln. I introduced the new
([ueen successfully. When putting her in, she wanted
to get out and I did not blame her so very much lor
objecting to the jiosition of stepmother to a family of
blacks. David Waedwell.

Arlington, Ohio, Aug. 28th, 1877.

Notwithstanding what is said in ABC
about being sure the hive contains no queen
when introducing, I presume hundreds of
queens have been lost this fall, from that very
trouble. After queens have stopped laying for
the season, it is very didicult indeed to find
them, they are so small and dark. Again, a
(|ueen may have been lost while taking her
flight; how are we going to determine, that we
may introduce another V The only swe plan I
know of, if;) to give them some brood, and see if
they will start cells. If the queen w there, the
brood will be pretty sure to incite her to lay-
ing; if she is not, they will start cells, and then
you know just what the matter is. Do not
risk a valuable ([ueen in any hive, until you
hiive seen them start queen cells. I wish you
all would remember this.

CJUEEN8 reared IN SEPT. AND OCT.

One of the (pieens was used very roughly by the
bees, on her introduction, and in about 15 minutes af-
ter, 1 found her in a cluster of bees at another hive,
about a rod away. I caught her again and caged her,
and it took me several days to get her safely intro-
duced, but she is laying now and all right. Some of
my ((ueens did not lay until tliey were 20 days old,
are they ns good as any ? Daniel Wkight.

Violet, Canada, Oct. 12th, 1877.

If a strange (jueen gets lost, you may often
find her by examining the entrance of the hives
near by. She will be found by the ball or clus-
ter of bees that has gathered about her. Friend
W., I am just now in a quandary about queens
that will not lay until they are iJ or 4 weeks
old. We have some that did not begin until a
full month old, but the weather has been so
dry, that even the old ([ucens have all stopped,
and we cannot make them commence again,
without 10 days or two weeks feeding. This is
nothing very unusual for the lall months, but
many of the young queens lay only a few eggs
and then stop ; others seem to keep on laying,
but the eggs never produce larvae. I, at ttrst,
feared they would prove drone hiyers, but sev-
eral of them under the inlluence of a steady
feed every day, have now nice jiatches of sealed
worker brood. Some have no pollen, and these
have reared brood promptly, when we fed them
on the Hour candy mentioned last month.
These queens that are so long in becoming fer-
tile, I shall preserve and properly test. My
opinion is, that they will prove just as good
as any, iu the spring. If queens reared in Sept.
and Oct. are not as good as others, it will be a
line thing to know it.

I

1877

(JLEANINGS IN IJEE CULTURE.

'Mm

Thofc sectiona are "taking" here. H. O. Salisbury
has his h(iiu\v In 2 lb. box-ew an<l he eoiiUl not sell
them where r have taken your f^ecUous. Isold my
Sioney lor 'Hi els. per lb., and he only ROt IV.Si cts. Kx-
jiect to average WW lbs. to hive llils year.

Frank Samsuukv Jeddee, N. Y.

Tell O. 14. iJaker, Kollersville, O., that the liatan Is
the best bee plant we have. It Is a climber and com-
mences to bloom the Urst ot' May, continuing aliout
len days. M. H. Davis.

Howe, Texas, .sej)t. ICth, 1^77.

In ^ days from the time I mailed a letter to you for
4U1 lnii)oi"UMl queen, I had her salely introduced, tshc
is a beauty; I mn highly j>U'aiie<l wiih her. Kour ol'
Sier lilUe I'amily were dead, but she was \ ciy lnight
jind lively. M. T. uuwii.

Pink Ifill, Mo., Sept. 25th, 1877.

It was only alter a siege of 5 <lays that my lighting
oolony were induced to accept your queen. I ob-
served several things about it not noted in your A li V.
Among them, that the queen (lying oil' was invariably
maltreated on her return. Tills was avoided by clip-
ping a wing. Another was, tliat at tint tiiey seemed
to receive and treat her well enough until ihe little
Italians accompanying lier got to Hying about au<l
■coming in, when they fell upon them and <lespatched
them in thort order, and then commenced a general
row. At present all quiet and doing remarkably well.
Lavvken€k Johnson.

Holly Springs, Miss., Aug. lath. '77.

Queens are not invariably maltreated when
they come back after having taken wing while
being introduced. I have only liad one such
case out of a great number, and 1 once thought
if we could introduce a cjueen by letting her
<;ome in from a flight, we were all right. It
is very seldom a colony attacks the workers
in the way you inention, and I should have
much solicitude about the (jueen under the
lircunistances, even after she had been well
treated for a week or more.

From 22 hives in the spring, many of them in poor
^•ondition, all black except three hybrids, I Iiave in-
<-reased to y(> stocks, in fine condition, and taken 1400
lbs. (1000 lbs. extracted, 400 coDib) ol line honey.

J. P. fSWAKTHOlT.

Cyrstal Springe, N. Y., Oct. 2d, '(7.

GKAIN liAGS FOR Qi;iLTS.

In the June No. page l'i2, a correspondent witihes to
know whether bees will gnaw grain bags or not, if
used lor (luilts. As you have not had much experi-
ence in that direction we will give a little of ours.

The objectior.ti you mention liave not, in the least,
occurred with us. Last winter we trle<l burlap or
grain sacking as well as other material tor quilts.
Our method is to cut out a single thickne?s about an
inch larger than the inside ot the hive. This we lay
•on top of til e Irames. 'i'he edges we lap over tlie up-
per part of the <piilt. When this much is <lone we
place a layer of ciiaJ}'. I tell you it did splcntlitlly ;
not a "bite" did tlie burlap gel. The porosity of the
tracking allowed all moisture to ascend and be alj-
:-*orbed by the diaff, wliile llie bees were ellectuiilly
liept below in as warm an<l snug a compartment lus
one could wisli.

When the warm weather of spring liad fairly set in,
the bees began to glue over the side next tliem, thus
keeping in all heat and securing warmth lor early
breeding. Altliough we have found absorbents of
no great benefit in this climate we intend tlie coming
winter to try cushions made of grain bags tilled with
clraff. Very likely the result will be as satisfactory as
the last, and )icrhas some new features will be brought
to light— at any rate we will report again.

U. K. Lvi'TUS.

North Temescal, C'al., Oct. Ist, 1877.

We have used the burlap, and it seems to do
very well, so far. One would think to look at
it, that the t>ees would tear it all in bits, but
it is so open they hardly seem to care about
eating holes through it as they do other fab-
rics. I think I should prefer the edge neatly
hemmed or bound, if 1 were to use it largely.

Please send me bomo of those largo yellow bees. I
iiave no Italians nor have I ever seen one. (Jlover
and basBWood gave me but 42 gallons of iioney. We
liad but 4 day.s yield Irom basswood, but buckwheat
yleUled well. 1 sell buckwheat, extracted, lor 10 cte.
per lb., and box 15 cts. These peoiile do not like clo-
ver an<i linden honey, they seem to llilnk 1 make it,
not the bees. My entire crop ainouiiiB to $2(0., all
sold and 1 have K) slocks to winter.

WVA'IT MOKEUOi;8K.

Mombaccus, .S. Y., Oct. 4th, 1877.'

SOMIC WIIOLKHOME TKinilS AND CAUTIONS 1<IR
UKOIN.NEK8.

I have spent pome time looking around the <'Ountry
for bets Ibis spring. 1 lliid a linge jierceiuage of bees
have tiled during the past, wiilir, and it in very dilli-
cull on that account lo Unit any tor sale; some have
lo.-t one-half, some one-lhir<l, siine iwo-tlilrds, and
some all they had. One man ii/st all ho had In the
American hive, and saved the I.angblioth hives, and
he liu.M no more to do with tlx; American; another
lost all in the l^angstroth an<l ha\id others. My opin-
ion is il common Ifirmer lice-keoper.i liad nevirseen
a patent hive of any kind, ihey would liave been bel-
ter oil than they now are. fS, uie have tried a half
dozen dill'erent kinds failing lo make a success of any.
The jirospecl on the whoie, tliis spring, is very dis-
couraging to one juhl starling; ihough 1 am not a new
beginner, for 1 wa.s very siicctsstul lor ib years; win-
tering sometimes as many as 2(J0. lUit now, ihose who
<!laim to be l>ee men in many instances have failed. I
kiiovk' two men who got very enlliuslasilc last year,
over tiieir success. They had about 2.'> slocks each,
|iart Italians; extracted a large amount, diviited up,
»Vc.., and made 200 or 3U() hives latt winter and were
going lo reckon their honey "by the ton," alter this.
Now, one of them hasO colonies, the others, and slim
ones at, Ihal. Good enough lor them ; tliey took
away the good natural food of the liei^s and made
them pick up a little thin buckwheat hoi.ey rnlxtd
with Juice from cider pomace, with some melted sugar
to make up ili"3 complement. 1 think it a very easy
mailer to luru all improvements in bee culture to
very liad a<'count by mismanagement, but for all tills
abuse and lallure, 1 am btrongi> in favor of movable
J ni UK'S a,n{\ Iha ex/ruclor ; hul they must be used to
strenyihen colonies instead of weakening them.

N. N. SUEl'ARI).

Coehranton, Pa., April Kith, '77.

Tlie two-story Simplicity hive you sent me, arrived
to-day— six days on the road— all in good order. If
the bees are as well lileased as 1 am we shall be a
'■'^ha]>py family.'''' I am very much obliged lor the
starters, cu.shion and separators; lliey were more
than 1 bargained lor. Shall come again iflliailslhe
way you use strangers. 1 made a mistake In ordering
It sent by freight; express would have been cheaper.
The freight was §1.84. Hanuoli'ii Ukimks.

Manteus, Ills., July (ith, 1877.

Y'our chipment of bee hives arrived by freight Sept.
10th— making 10 days in transit. All were packed in
good order. 1 had no trouble putting tiiem up and
am lilghly pleased with lliem, especially the metal
corners. I don't think I can ever tolerate any other.
Our bees are getting lots ot honey from golden rod
just now. S. 11. LiiiJTZ.

niln. Ills., Sept. 15th, 1877.

I have 150 swarms of bees In Harbison hives, and I
must confess. In my experience, I have seen no liives
better calculated to kill bees in handling than his.

GKO. C. DOIIEUTV.

HakersUeld, Cal., Sept. Itith, '77.

The chad" hive came safely. I am pleased witli it
and would like 25 of Uiem, but the freight on it was
,52.20. 1 have put my best colony in it and they are
working nicely. Tlie honey season Is about over here
on account of tlie ilrouth. lam fee<llng my weakest
stock!! a little every night, using the tin lee<ier and
syrui) made of A siigar. The combs in meet of the
hives are well tilled with brood and honey. My bees
have done well ; the strongest colonies (which were
first swarms from old box hives) giving us 110 lbs. of
surplus In small frames, which sol<l for 25 and ;io cts.
per lb. I am pleased with Gi.kanini<;s, which is my
guide in bee-keeping from month to month.

Mk8. a. li. Smkuley.

Cresco, Iowa, Sept. 3d, 1877.

The nucleus I got of you Is now a line large swarm.
G. E. Hannan, Depere, Wis., Sept. 10th, '77.

304

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Nov

I never heard or thought much about hjes until I
came across a swarm, one warm day in Feb., some 6
years ago, safely hived in a little oak tree. On my
si.le, it was love at flrst sii^ht; and I guess it was on
theirs als^, for thay have loved to sting me ever since
and I guess it i^ those whoai we love most, we sting
most. bYom that time on, I have been gleaning bee
literature from all sorts of papers, but disaster fol-
lo.ved and I lost my beea after keeping them about 11
months. I had cut them out of the tree, or rather
trees, lor by that time I had got two. Do you put your
chaff cushions in the hive soon enough for the bees to
coat ilism with nroiiolis, thireoy rendering them
moisture proofi' Or do you wait till cold weathrr sets
in, leaving the wails open and ]>orou3 that the moisture
ra>iy escape into the chaff? Ave you the man they
call " Novice ? " If so, 1 may be making a mistake in
going to you for iniormation, but then you see I imist
go to the " Root " of the matter.

Chas. C. Bellows.

Virmillion, Dak., Aug. Kith, '77.

We never allow the bees to touch the chaff
cushions ; a sheet of duck intervenes. This
duck does, in time, get covered with propolis,
but I have not as yet been able to see that it
does smy harm.

I suppose I ara " N'ovice," and I really hope
I always shall be, to the extent of being hum-
ble and willing to be taught.

Tj3t me know what is best to prevent bees from
sticking wood with pronolis. M. F. Basun.

lid V River, N. C, May '21st, 1877.

I really know of no means of keeping propo-
lis from fi'ames. Don't know but we- shall
have to stand it as it is. Greasing the wood
with tallow, answers partially, but I think I
prefer the propolis.

In the adjoining counties among the v^ountains, are
bee caves. Some of tuem contain tons of hoaey when
found Mils. J. L. Cunningham.

Stricklinge, Texas, June 19Ui, 1877.

Well now, that idea of a " bee cave " has giv-
en us a new attack of the bee hunting fever.
Would it not be grand funV

I noticed in Sept. Gleanings that you had rec'd
your queens irorn Trcmontani. Your observations on
imported queens are same as mine ; that is, I, liiie you,
have found that some ot the queens are yellow and
some small and dark, but you will llnd thsm to be lar-
ger and lighter after they i)ogin to lay. Their prog-
eny is fine and well marked, and they are really very
prjlilic. Their daugaters present the same features;
some are light, and some even darker than the moth-
ers, but as a general rule they reproduce thcmsclvej
well. I have raised about 5i» daughters since July,
and all, with the escption of 3, are like the mothers.
Those 3 are small and very dark, though proliflc and
producing lins and well marked vrorkers. I have not
yet lound one of my imported queens to produce
workers witli only two yellow bands.

Paul L. Vjallon.

Bayou Goula, La., Sept. 12th, 1877.

Bees nearly all died 4 and 5 years ago, when
th^y gathered honey from the so called Jack Oak.
Thev have done the same this faM. J. E. Jakket.

West Poini, Iowa, Oct. Olh, 1877.

Was it honey dew? Please tell us about it.

The queens rec'd of you, 1 liked very much, and
succeeded admirably well in introducing them. They
vvere received in the evcnir.g, and in the morning I
caught the old queens and let the Italians on the
comi> immediately, closing up the hive. On looking
again in the evening, 1 found them all right.

STEWAltT LAWKKN'CE.

Linnville, Ohio, Oct. 8th, 1877.

Many reports verify our statement that
queens will often be received all right at once,
while in other cases several days or even a
week is required to make a safe, sure job ol it.

I have several very large (jueens raised from the
brood you sent me from your Blocd-eci quecu; in fact

they are as large as the O that came out of the little
boy's mouth when he accidentally sat down on a big
dry thistle. I hope you will succeed in wintering her^
lor I may want a lew hundred dozens of her egge.
next year.

Bees, either black, hybrids or pure Italians, im-
ported or home bred, have done next to nothing since
I was at your place ; many stocks have required feed-
ing to prepare them for winter. I have made 21 hive&
with the inside arrangement the same as your Lawn
hive; the outside case is made of % inch ceiling 4
inches wide, toagued and grooved and covered with a
double rool made of shingles, and I now have 'i stocks
prepared lor winter in each box. Next May or June
the uijper swarm will be set out directly in front of
its winter entrance, and far enough from it so that J
can walk between the two hives. The lower one will
remain in the wintering box. I like them "muchly"
and see no reason why they will not answer very
nicely the purpose for which they were designed. It"
so, there will be with me no more packing and un-
packing bees, and no great mass of "lumbering boxes"
Ivlng round loose, eye sores through the summer.
The material for the boxes, dresseil ready to cut and
nail together, has cost about 80 cts. each, or 40 cts. per
hive; this includes nails and paint, and it has taken
me about ten days to make them. 1 commenced ma-
king my old boxes over, like them, but gave it up,
concluding to make all new next year.

The Barnes' saw has helped me very much about my
wort in making hives, &c., the past summer; and af-
ter using it one season I would as soon think of doing
without an extractor as without a circular saw, either
foot or some other motive power.

J. H. TOWNLEY.

Tompkins, Mich., Oct. 10th, 1877.

Bees are all in good wintering condition in this sec-
tion of country. I had 8 in the spring, increased them
to 17 and extracted one barrel of honey ; also look
IfiO lbs. of box honey. I wintered them in chaff last
season and they did splendidly. I shall try It again
the coming winter. S. B. Pontious.

Akron, Ind , Sept. '22d, 1877.

I am almost discouraged in the bee business, as I
lost all but 3, out of 12 colonies last winter, and one of
them was too weak to swarm this season ; but as 1
had some surplus comb v.'hich I did not wish to lose, I
Ijurchased some first swarms of a Iriend, and now
have my hivt\s all occupied again, and most of them
in good condition for winter.

Last fall, I built a Irost proof house to winter in, but
lost three-fourths of my bees; 1 think because the
sawdust filling was too damp and had not time to dry
out belore winter set In. I will try it again this win-
ter, hoping for belter success. Thus. F. Wilson.

Milan, Ind., Sept. '22d, 1877.

I should hardly want to put so few as 12
colonies in a house, friend W. A cellar under
the room you live in, might do, but so few in a
house, would hardly keep it warm.

Bees swarmed too soon after receiving your letter
to send for any hives, and I was compelled to use
rough Southern pine; if you ever worked any of it
you know how lo sympathize with others. From 100
gums an<l box hives, churns, trunks, barrels, &c.. we
secured 55 awarms. I never saw bees "cut up" so
badly before; alter hiving I have had them leave
thc'lr queen entirely alone In the hive. I have given
thorn young brood ami that did not seem to keep
them ; I have had them to build three large pieces of
comb, fill them with brood and then leave their liive.
It has been a very common occurrence for them to
leave their new hives, and in every case they have
lelt gradually, a few at a time and mixed up all over
the apiary.

Of course you will put me into " Ulasted Hopes,"
but you can't make me stick in that horrid column If
you try. I never will die in "Blasted Hopes;" lam
bound to be a bee man, and now friend H. I wish to
ask one question ; what has a man to do in order to
become a bee man ; tell big stories ?

J. N. B. Thompson.

San Antonio, Texas, Aug. lUh, '77.

We have had reports about bees "cutting
up" as you mention, but never had ours do so.
If you want to be a genuine bee 7nan, work
hard and (ell the truth, even if it slimdd get you
into " Blasted Hopes."

J.877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

mr\

iir gcnm.

Remember tbe Sabbatli day to keep it holy.—

— Kx. 20; 8.

M FEW days ago, a fritnd dropped a rc-
J^^ mark that seemed to indicate lit had bein

' examiniug his bees ou Sunday, and wheu

<(luestioned, frankly admitted that he had, say-
ing he only looked at them, just as he looked
at the tields and flowers, but did no work
with them. I remarked that I did not think it
well to open a hive at all on the Sabbath, un-
less something transpired making it almost a
uecessity, such as swarming, starvation, or
something of that kind, and that even then, we
should do it as quickly and quietly as possible,
and should make it a point to avoid such ne-
cessities, as far as in our power, by taking a
careful look all around, on the day before. I
also remarked, that I found it had a bad effect
on others, to be seen working or overhauling
hives on the Sabbath, for they, knowing noth-
ing of the good reasons the apiarist might
have for so doing, are many times almost un-
consciously led to have less strict ideas in re-
gard to the sacredness of the Sabbath.

The friend in question was one who had but
a few months before, with his wife, come for-
ward in one of our revival meetings, and he
himself had spoken most earnestly on the im-
portance of a sincere, honest and Christian life,
shunning even the appearance of evil; and I
felt very anxious indeed that he should take a
safe view of all these difficult questions. Meet-
ing his wife soon afterward, I asked her to as-
sist me in persuading her husband that it was
uot best to open his hives, even the small nu-
clei, to look at his queens and bees ou Surday.

" But is there really any harm in it? He only
looks at them, and does no work," replied she,
somewhat to my astonishment.

"It is a part of the work of an apiary," I re-
plied, " to look over hives and see where the
queens have commenced to lay, and if queens
were to be shipped the next morning, it would
be quite a saving of time to know just where
to go to get them. Is it not to a certain extent
work?"

" But do not farmers always look over their
stock, their crops, and their fields after they
get home from church Sabbath afternoons or
evenings?"

I began to feel just about here, that we were
drifting into argument, and I know argument
is not what is wanted in such matters. I knew
his bees had been rather cross, and in spite of
the still small voice that was warning me to
be careful if I would accomplish real good, I
pushed ahead a little farther.

" You lighted your smoker before you com-
menced ? "

" Yes, of course we had to have a smoker,"
replied he.

" And did you not feel while doing this that
it was hardly the thing to do on Sunday?"

I am quite sure he agreed with me, but still
something seemed to say I was doing wrong,
or at least was somewhat in the wrong. I
thought 1 should certainly get into the right
track, by repeating what I had heard our min-

ister say in regard to such matters. It was
this.

" When we start about doing anything of
this kind on Sunday, ask ourselves if we can
conscientiously ask God to bless us in so do-
ing, and if we feel we cannot, do not do it."

This last is a most excellent guide in such
matters, and I know of no better advice that
can be givtn ; but fur all that, 1 did not feel
th:it ap|)roving voice that is usually wont to
guide iiic in <uch matters In meditating over
the luatiLi', 1 at length saw, I think, wherein I
was wrong. The two friends mentioned, were
of course vi ry intimate acquaintances, and we
felt almost as though they wtreofour own
family. We frequently had talks <in religion,
and sometimes 1 fear, got into a way of argu-
ing on "doctrinal points." When I get into
an argument, ii iven only a little way, I am, if
possible, worse than one of the other .-ex in in-
sisting that I am right. I need uot stop to
tell you how foolish this is. " Truth is mighty
and will prevail," and if we cannot present
truth in such a way as to have it gladly re-
ceived, I think we are in the wrong some-
where. My friends, in my talk I had been un-
consciously getting into an argument, and I
fear the disposition to show these people that I
was right and they wrong, took quite a prom-
inent position beside my ^illcere wish lo have
them set a good example before those around
them, in regard to keeping the Sabbath holy.
Even my concluding remark about asking if
they could ask God to bless them in opening
bee hives (even little ones,) was, I fear, given
with an inward feeling of "There ! now I have
got you; get around that if you can."

In the talk I wish to have with you now,
dear friends, I do pray, that I may have none
of the above feeling, and that I may be able to
present truth in such a quiet pleasant way, as
to awaken no controversy. I do not want to
beat, at least I hope I do not, and I do uot
want to get ahead, but I do wish to have the
spirit of truth and honesty and a sincere wi.<h
to do right, take the place of all other actuat-
ing motives. In short, I wish the spirit that
Christ taught, to prevail, and be exaltetl be-
cause it is right, and not because I or anybody
else, tried to teach it.

Building up Christian character, depends
upon very little things, and very little things
start one in either the right track or the wrong
one. Even when you have made up your mind
to do right as nearly as you can, almost im-
perceptible shades of right and wrong come in,
until you hardly know what ^s just the right
thing. In discussing these little matters, I
have found it an excellent plan to turn the
thing about something in this way. Supposing
you wish to engage a boy to work for you, and
that you want one you can entrust with
money. Suppose too, that you have had sev-
eral dishonest ones, and feel that you must
have one, if it is a possible thing, who is strict-
ly /wnesi. If you have had much experience in
such things, you will notice every little thing
pretty closely, for in such a matter, even
straws show which way the wind blows. You
perhaps fix your mind on some young man
near you, and begin carefully to notice his
habits. Almost every action, and almost every

306

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Nov.

word spoken, tells one way or the other, and
eventually, you begin to see that almost every
body is tending either to worse or better. It
may take some time to see which way they
have determined to follow, and many there are
who seem to waver one way and then the
other ; but very little things many times give a
practiced hand an insight into the governing
motives. If the young man in question is
always consulting his own comfort and pleas-
ure, and seems to think it his first duty to takp
care of No. 1, before any body else, you will
very soon perceive it; if, on the other hand, he
would rather be right than to be president of
the United States, you wi'l very soon see that
principle showing itself. One is bold, when
diflicult questions come up, and says " who
cares ! " The other is slow and careful in mat-
ters of conscience, and says by his actions
that he fears to do wrong. I can scarcely
think a person can be found, who would not
choose the boy who is careful in little matters.
To gD a little farther, what effect would it
have on you, if you should hear the boy utter
an oath when amouir his playmates? I pre-
sume many among you will say at once that
the matter scarcely admits of discussion, for
no one would feel as safe with a boy who
swears, as one who does not. Is such really
the case? Then why do so mani/ of our boys
swear? I do not know of a boy who does not
want good wages, and who would not do a
great deal, for the sake of getting better pay
than he now gets. Have they ever been told
by their employers that it weakens their value
as a ha.id V A prominent lawyer of our place,
a few days ago, in speaking of the youni» man
who came out of the jail and is now •:>.t work
in the mission Sabbath schools, made the re-
mark that he admired and respected our work,
and although not a believer in the Bible, he
would gladly help us any way in his power.
Said he,

'• When I can give you any assistance, call
on me, and if there is any thing I can do now,
just tell me where and what it is."

" My friend, you can give us great help, and
perhaps in a way that no other person can so
etiectively. Help us to get the boys on the
streets all about us, to stop swearing. A word
from you, will do more than many from any
of the rest of us."

He looked down a moment, then promised
to do all he could, and started ofl' with his
habitual long strides; but he wheeled about
all of a sudden and came back,

" L >ok here, ray friend, you have got me in a
tight phice. I am in the habit of swearing
myself."

Ah yes ; there is where a great part of the
trouble comes in. We are asking the poor
boys who do our work, to do something we
ourselves do not, and demanding that they be
honest, when we are not.

Instead of swearing, suppose the young man
has a cigar in his mouth ; you need not an-
swer the question aloud, but simply think it
over. Suppose he has none of these habits,
but speaks slightingly of the subject of relig-
ion, and says he does not believe in the Bible.
We are not ar.guiug now, but simply hunting
out a young man that we can trust.
Onr Bible class in the jail yesterday, was

quite a large one; and among the number, was
one who refused to take a lesson paper, a
hymn book, or to kneel with the rest in prayer.
After the lesson, he made some apology, for
not joining with the rest, but said he did not
think as we did, that he did not believe in the
Bible, miracles, &c.

When questioned somewhat be said be had
been "through the mill;" that he had been
converted twice.

" My friend when you were converted yon
were a good honest boy, were you not ? "

" Yes, as good and honest as any boy coulrl
be."

" And you were then on a safe track ? "

" Yes, but," hesitatingly, " I am on a safer
track now."

The latter part of the sentence referred to
good morals, which he had been talking of
pretty fluently, aside Irom religion. The boys
were all gathered about us, listening intently,
and as it dawned on my mind that a jail could
hardly be called a safer place than a revival
meeting, I suppose it came to the minds of the
others also, for as he began an excuse for be-
ing there, the rest burst out into a loud laugh
at the incongruity of his system of philosophy.
I afterward learned that he was put in jail for
beating his mother, while under the influence
of liquor. A pack of cards lay on the table,
close by my Bible. As I picked them up, I re-
marked,

" Please do not use these to-day, will you
boj's ? This is the Sabbath, and we are re-
minded to keep it holy. Now will yon not,
out of respect to what your mothers would
wish, if nothing else, let them alone, at least
during the Sabbath ? "

No one replied, except our young moralist,
and he to the effect, that they had just finished
a game, when I came in.

How anxious we are to have good honfest
queens. That is, if we pay our money for an
imported queen, we want just that, and noth-
ing else. Supposing when you sent me the
money for an imported queen, I had just sold
the last one, but having a very fine daughter
of one on hand, should reason thus: "This
queen is a much finer looking one than the
imported, she is tested, and her bees are beau-^
tiful; I am sure my customer will be even bet-
ter pleased than with an imported, and I be-
lieve she is every whit as good. In fact /
would rather have her. I believe I will let her
slide just this time."

Is that the kind of honesty we want in bee-
business? No, I think not. If there is one to
be found who is honest to a fault, he is just
the chap we are after. If there is a man to be
found who cannot sleep nights unless he gives
every man every copper that is justly his due,
he is the fellow we want to import and to rear
queens. I will give you a little idea of the
dilficulties. An imported ([ueen was intro
duced to a colony all right; a few days after,
she was laken out, and sent off to fill an order.
In due time a card came saying she was re-
ceived in excellent condition, and was quite
satisfactory. In 10 days, I went to cut out the
queen cells, but behold there was a laying
((ueen, a darkish queen, precisely like the one
introduced; and stranger still, the eggs and
larvae showed plainly that she had been laying

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

307

eggs every one of the 10 days. It was an easy
matter to still conscience by saying, "Of course
the right queen was sent ott', and this one must
have got in Irom somewhere else, about the
same day," but when I turned the matter about
and asked if I would like to purchase in just
that way, I saw at onc^, that if I paid the price,
I would want an imported queen and r.o guess
work. I wrote our customer, and lold him
the case, and that he could have both the
queens, or another. He chose another, and \'va-
one of doubtful identity, I cannot sell, for I
would not wish such an one sold me, unless
with a full understanding of the matter.

When you are undecided in such matters
just ask how you would like to buy queens
yourself. Before you insist that the boys shall
be honest and truthful, and stop swearing:, t)e
honest and truthful and stop swearing your-
self.

If j'ou want a strictly honest man, one who
will stop and think before he does a thing that
may have even the appeai'ance of evil, would
5^ou just as soon choose the one who opens his
beehives ou Sunday? If your apiary fronts
the street, would you do this while the people
were on their way to church V If not, why
would you act differently from what you would
if you were back in the woods, with not a
neighbor to see, or make remarks ? A man who
is strictly honest should need no watching
and his conduct should be just the same wheth-
er he is watched or not. Perhaps this is de-
manding more of humanity than we have any
right to expect ; I am very well aware that I
<lo not invariably work as faithfully for you as
I would if your eye was always upon me. It
is true, that I at times, do things better that
are entrusted entirely to my honor, than I
would were my customer present to overlook
the work, but these impulses come by fits and
starts, and every little while I look back and
see where selfishness has been a very promi-
nent motive in my actions. Over and over
again, I reflect that God sees my inmost
thoughts, and then strive the best I know how
to walk accordingly, but a multitude of cares
crowd upon me, and people as careless and
thoughtless as myself crowd against me, or I
imagine they do and I not only get careless,

but many times dovpnright stubborn and 1

guess "ugly" must be the word I need. Did
j'ou ever get disgusted with the ugliness that
you find in your own self, my friends ?

Well, if we are really all so bad, what is go-
ing to be done V That is just the point I have
been so long trying to get at, and I believe the
thing for us to do, is to keep steadily trying to
become better, to be making reforms every day;
to turn right about to do better, the very min-
ute we discover we are wrong ; to set our faces
resolutely against everything that has even a
little wrong about it. I would not open bee
hives on the Sabbath because I feel sure it
would se*; a bad example before those about
me, even if it did nothing more, and with ray-
self, I know it would be "letting down the bars"
where they should be kept up close and tight.
If work must be done on the Sabbath, do it
jufet as quietly and as speedily as possible, and
take all precautions during the week to pre-
vent a recurrence of such neccessary work.
If you are engaged in something that you

feel you cannot consistiutly ask God's blessing
to rist upon, you have for the time strayed
away from him ; if you stray away from him
once, you will probably do so again, and the
next time a little farther. Do you think I am
making a great fuss about a mere trifle? If
you are honest toward God, you will certainly
be toward your fellow men ; aud do you think
there is any danger of a man's being too honest'/
If he were going to raise (lueeiis tor you, or
take care of your money, you certainly would
not say so. Did you ever sie a really bad and
wicked man suddenly converted 'i! Did you
ever hear him say that with God's help he was
going to try to do right':' And did you ever
watch him as he started out in his new life as
carefully as a humble and obedient child to do
just what he thought was right? How his face
has softened ; how gentle, childlike and inno-
cent he looks, and how kindly every body looks
and speaks to him. Is this really the man we
knew, that was so hard, bitter and wicked ?
Even the most hardened skeptic feels instinct-
ively, that the light of the Saviour's love is
shining over his pathway. His old comrades
are awed into silence as he comes in among
them, and feel to the very bottom of iheir
hearts, that the gentle words he speaks to them
are messages direct from a better world, in
his quiet refusal to do anything that has even
the appearance of evil, they recognize a cour-
age, a boldness and a power, that is as much
above his old loud oaths and curses, as angels
are above demons. Would you see him go
back to his old -life? No, no, NO! comes from
all sides. Well what would you have him do?
We would have him carry that same childlike
innocence through life, and if it be a possible
thing, we would have him infuse the same
spirit through all his business and social re-
lations.

I am sure my friends, you all see what Is
wanted, and what we need, and I feel too, that
you know these pure lives do not come with-
out an elibrt on our part ; nor do ihey continue
pure, without a continued efl'oi't. Oh let us
beware of the little things, that first start us on
the wrong track ; let us beware of any thing
that is even questionable, and study to become
gentle, humble and teachable. And above all,
let us humbly bow to that great Master who
will so kindly, gently and forgivingly, lead us
through the green pastures, aud beside the
still waters.

MOW TO PKEPARE BEES FOB WIN-

TER, IN EITHEK THE CHAFF OB

SIJTlPIilCITY HIVES.

SF the hive is full of bees and heavy with
honey, they will probably do well with noth-
ing more than a chaff cushion in the upper
story. This cushion should be thick enough
to allow at least G inches ofchatt' over the bees,
and no drop of rain or particle of snow must
by any means be allowed to get this chaff damp
or wet. If your roofs are leaky, fix them up,
and give them a good painting, but if they fit
very closely, some provision should be made
for ventilation over the chafl'; unless this is
done, the moisture from the breath of the bees
will collect and form icicles on the underside
of the cover. We have found it necessary to
make ventilating holes in the covers of the chaff

308

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Nov.

hives, for this very reason. The covers of ordi-
nary two-story L. hives, usually lay on the top
so loosely as to give sufficient ventilation. If
the snow should drive under so as to accum-
ulate considerably on the cushions, it may be
a good idea to take tliem out and shake off the
snow. You can take this trouble, or you can
let it melt and rot the cushions, and then buy
new cloth, when you want them again.

Now in regard to the lower story; I have
found very few colonies that come through the
winter, without dead bees between some of the
combs, when wintered in ordinary summer
hives; and if enough bees are left with the
queen to " fetch up," we say they wintered all
right. Now they can be wintered, on their
summer stands too, without any dead bees at
all between outside combs. Again, friend
Bulin, and many others who winter successful-
ly, have repeatedly mentioned cases of the bees
having worked over to one side of the hive,
while the honey was at the other. Does this
not look as if they had too much room to ram-
ble about in their winter quarters? Well, we
have so far had no trouble in getting our larg-
est colonies into a space that will hold only 7
L. combs ; and we have no trouble either, in
getting all the food that such a colony requires
into their combs. Our chaff hives, as well as
the others, have one of the chaff division
boards on each outside, with the bees on the 7
combs contained between them. A sheet of
duck is then put over them, and the chaff cush-
ion over that. It may transpire that a good
colony will winter as well thus prepared in a
Simplicity or old style L. hive, as in the chaff
hives ; but as I have never before made the ex-
periment, I am unable to eay. About half of
our apiary, is prepared for winter in this way,
the other half are in chaff hives; this is for full
colonies. Those that are not full, I would
crowd down on as few combs as 1 could, and
then push up the division l^oard. You will be
astonished to And that you can put what you
thought a very fair stock, on 4 L. combs.
Those that can be put on 3, I would not try to
winter; put two such together, uniting them
as directed last month.

It is very clear they will not get away from
their honey, for the vi-ry worst they could do
would be to get over to one end of their combs,
while the honey was at the other, and bees
rarely fail to find honey that is in the same
combs they are clustered on. We do not con-
tract the entrance to the chaff hives with a
full colony, but when one has but 4 combs, I
would narrow it down to perhaps one inch, by
pushing a piece of wood, of the right length
and thickness, into it. I do not think there
will be any dead bees to ck>g the entrance, if
they are prepared as above, for live bees will
be clustered about it the greattst part of the
winter. The Simplicity hives, I would bank
up with sawdust to close all the joints round
the bottom board, and I would make the en-
trance so small that no mice could by any pos-
sibility get in. I have not (bund colonies that
■would consume over '30 lbs. of stores when thus
prepared, and I think we may therefore con-
clude that 25 lbs. will be a great plenty under

any circumstances. I would pay no attention
whatever to snow, but would prefer to have
the hives all covered up with it. From what

experience I have had, I do not believe that
even some unsealed honey would be detri-
mental, when thus prepared. I do not favor
wintering bees indoors, but were I to do so, I
would prepare them in the same way, though
they would perhaps require more ventilation.
I would not fasten bees into the hives, yet it
has been done many times, without doing them
any harm.

f m^lt ^clmnn.

Honey season just closed, very poor. From 35 old
stock." I go I 3'i iriCiCa^e and 13(iO lbs. surplus; one half
section lex, and 5 swarms "gone wesi."

R.L. Joiner. Wyoming, Wis., Sept. 26tli, 1877.

I h^vc about iC(0 pounds of honey on hand, all
white clover, which 1 would be glad to sell at 11 cents.
Joseph Duffelek.

Wcqiiiock, Wis., Sept. 4th, 1877.

I have about r2C0 lbs of honey that I want to sell ; it
is in '1 lb boxes, a part of it white. I f xpect 15 and 2u
cents for it. Geokge Smith.

Wallace, N. Y., Oct. 14th. 1877.

We started with ItO hives, increased to 200, sold 3
queens for $10. and 2 hives lor 8E0. Have VHiZO lbs.
box honey in Harbitori st3ciion8 and IS.'^iO lbs. slung
hor.ey. An average of 100 lbs. lor the 150 hives. Will
take 17c lor ll.eDO IDs. iv. sectiorib. D. D. Palmeu.

Eliza, ills., Oct. 7th, 1877.

We have had a very dry summer here and bees have
not done very well, but licm 18 in spring we got 18(0
lbs, extracLed honey, mostly basswooil. 1 have 12(ju
lbs on hand whiuh 1 woula sell lor r2c; Isold the
other lor 15c. I increased 10-13 and all are in good con-
dition lor winter. John Baueknfeikf).

Mcnaiha, Wis., Oct. IGth, 1877.

I have 1000 lbs. of very nice clover honey, whicli I
oiler at 13c by tlie barrel. In '<< barrels, 14c; in tin
cans, any quantity. 15c. Packa;i:es included at above
pi ices. Also, 250 \i)t. of comb honey in 1 lb. sections
at 30c per lb. I do not expect you will purchase at
the latter price, but at the late it is now being re-
tailed, it will iirobably all be out long before another
season. A. I. Root.

Fill a glass can with grapes— jour grapes preferable —
and cover them with liquid honey. In a few days the
grapes will bo delicious and the honey most delicious.
Try It. J.H. P.

The last order of comb fdn. (10 lb.) was nice, being much
thinner than what you sent last year. My honey (1500
lbs.) is nearly all sold. I can't supply the home market,
and will h:ne to run my bees for increase one year, buy
bees, or sulTer the annoyance of being called on for honey
i) months out of the 12 without any to siipply.

M. Wight, Bedford, Iowa, Oct. 20th, '77.

CATNIP.

1 found a very slow sale for a large lot of catnip seed,
and never heard a report of a lot sold. I had, perhaps 15
lbs., sowed on our hillf^id(;s by seme of my boys, but I
don't notice an abundance of catnip around us.

CiiAS. F. MuTH. Cincinnati, O., Oct. 15th, '77.
A few years ago we purchased some catnip seed from
one of ycur neighbors, which was positively new seed ; we
tried it again and apain in our testing hot bed, and also
in our greenhouse, but only succeeded in getting 4 from
100 seeds to grow. We did not sell any on that account
and since then, knowing it was so very uncertain in ger-
mination, we have not attempted to keep any.

Stair & KenhI'L, Cleveland, 0., Oct. 8tb, '77.

lliVaiPil.KMKRiTS F055 BEE ClULTliKE AL.-

Q-'H A Ii'JK'fi^lCAI.I.i: AUK AfWOEB.

For descriptions of the various articles, .•■ee our tenth
edition circular found in April Xo., Vol. V., or mail-
ed on application.

This price list to be taken in place of those of former
date.

Mailable articles are designated in the left hand col-
uiwn of figures ; the figures giving the amount of postage
required.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

3W>

Canada postage on merchandise is limited to 8,^
oz., aud nulhing can be sent lor less than lOc.

BEES.

Eiasswood trees for plantiiift, for prices see Oct. No.
Bees, full colony amply provided for winter, in
our now two .story, ohiilT iiivc (uescril>e<i Nov. and
UecNo's .. '7«>), tested qiiopii from imported mother,
safe arrival guaranteed.. (Lawn hive §1 more.).. §1.5 00

I The same in a 1 story Simplivitv hive i;j (K)

The same in old style Ij. Iiive with portico, etc. 12 00

I The same with hybrid queen 10,00

I Not proWsioned for winter (hybrids in old hive). 7,00

I Two frame nucleus with testetl queen . . 5 .50

I " " The same with dollar queen 4 00

For an imported queen in any of the alrove, add ?,5,00
We think we can prepiire bees for sliipninj? ssifcly any
month in the year; when we fail in so doin(<,we will give
due notice.
10 I Bee-Hunli!i,ir box, with printed instructions.. 25

0 I Binder, Emerson's, for Glfanings 50, GO, 75

Km1:uiccs, sjirinif, for susix;nded hive (00 lbs) 8,00

K) I iJlceks, iron, for metnl cornered frame makinK----15
One of the above is given free with every 100 frames, or
10( 0 corners.

I Barrels for lioney, 52,50 ; waxed and painted 83,50

Buzz-saw, foot-power, comii^ete; circuliir with cuts free
on application. Two saws and iM'o paujres included. $.'55 <0
0 I Buzz-saws, extra, «! in. 1.50; 7 in., 1.75; 8 inch.. 2 00
0<.l I Buzz saiv mandrel and boxes complete for 6 inch

I .saws. No saws included 5 00

i The same for 7 and 8 inch saws (not mailable) . . 8 00
10 I Burlap for eoveritiK bees; -JO in. wide, per yd 10

i Comb Foundation Machines complete S.30 to 100 00

I Comb basket made of tin, holds .5 frames, has

I hinjretl cover and pair of handles 1 •'>0

60 j Chnfl cushions for wintering 20

I Half i)rice without the chall", and i^ostage 9c.

40 I Chaff cushion division boards 20

20 I Candy for bees, ean be fed at auv senfon, per lb. 15

I ♦' " Eixht lb. slab, in L, frame 130

fiO I Corners, metal, per hundred 75

20 j " " top only 100

15 I " " bottom, per hundred 50

On 1.000 or more a discount of 10 percent, will be made,
and on 10,000 25 I er cent. The latter will be given to
those who advertise metal cornered frames.

Corners 2\;iichinery complete ftr making 250 00

Clasps for transfernnar, packafre of 100 25

Canis, queen registering, per doz. Cc, per 100. . • 40
Catris, wood and wire cloth, provisioned, see p. 211 ( 5

" " per doz 50

" Larper size double above prices

Cheesecloth, for straineis, per yard.... 10

Duck, for fee<iing,and covering the frames — bees

1 do not bile it — per ,^d. (29 inches wide) 20

I Exti-aclo)-s, according to size of frame 87 50 to 10 00
I ■' inside and gearing.includinghoneygate 5 00
I " Hoojis to go around the to)) (per doz. Jo.) 50

"> I Feed«r. Simplicity, (see page 2:39) 1 pint 5

7 I Feeders. 1 q't, tin, pepjier box style 10

25 I The same, (i qis, lo be used in lijiper story.. . 50

i I Frames with Metal CornerF 05

5 I " " SampleRabbet and Clatps 10

ii 1 Files for small circular saws 20

I '' " " " per doz. by Express 2 25

18 I Galvanized iron wire for grapevine trellises

I per lb. (about 100 feet) 20

0 I Gleaning.s, Vol's 1 and II, each 75c., Vol IV 1 00
Oi " Vol. Ill, second-handed 2 00

0 " (irst four volumes neatly bound 5 00

01 " *• " " vnibound 4 00

.'iO I Gearing for Extractor with supporting arm.. 1 50
ib I Gates tor li.\tr;iiiois tinned loi' soldering... 50

SIMPLICITY BEE-HIVE.

One body and 1 cover in the flat, as sample to work
from— one sample frame and sheet of duck in-
cluded 1 CO

One story hive for extractor (body 50c— 2 covers
60c— nailing and painting 20c— quilt 25c— 10 frames
fiOc— erasing ]t)c) 2 25

One story hive lor comb honey is precisely the
same as the above, substituting 2 "frames of sections
for 4 metal cornered frames 2 25

The :'.hove lO sections will be fitted with fdn., and
startei-s icady for the bees, for 1.5e, and thetinsei)a-
rators added for 10c, making whole complete 2 50

The above two hives contain everything used in a 2
story l;ivc. We simjily use another body tilled with frames
or sections, for a 2 story hive.

For a 2 story hive for the extractor, ad<l (to 1 story

2 25) body ,')0c— nailing and painting 10c— 10 frames
<iOc— crati'.jg 5e, making complete 2 stwv containing

20 frames 3 50

For a 2 story hive for comb honey add (to 1 story
2 251 body 50c— nailing and painting 10c — 6 frames

10
0
1

12

of sections 7Sc—l metal cornered frame Oc— crating
Oc, making complete 2 story cotilaiiiinK 7 frames and

(!l sections '.i 75

If Idled with fdn. starleis 00c- if ulso Idled with tin
separators lOc, making $4, 75, if two latter items are
wjifited.
An upper story filled with sections, fdn. starters

and all reiuiy lo be set over any L. hivf 82.75

To prepare the above hives dr winter, put in j.lace of
the 2 outside frames chalT cushions, price iOc each, and
a thick one on top ,'iOc.

Iron frame to ^auge sine of above hives, and to

hold th(m line when naihnif, size 20ixl(; inside l*i

I Chaff hivk for out ikiok wiN'rKKiNu. 10

frames below, and 14 names or N) Kciifpu

I boxes ; oove, well painted and tlid.-iied coni-

I pl«te (Lawn hive Jl mire.) 8-'> 00

If filled with fdn. starters ai.d sej)aralors, .^1.25 more.
Witlx.ut flumes chall or paint, as sample 10 wi.ik

f i-om 2 60

These hive , if supiilied witli biores, will, we l'o))e,
need no attention whatever, from the time honey
ceases until it comes again the next Feason.

Tv, o irame niickns hive, m ai y palmed 50

For price list of hi\es in the ihu, see Sept. No.
0 I Knives, Honey (K <ioz. foi§i'i25,or85 by Exp.) 1 00
I "' " curved jjoint $1.15.. per >^ dVz 0 2.')

Labels for honey, in blue and gold, dark bronze and
gold, or in white j)vinted in two colors, furnishetl
wiih .^ our own address, and source from which the
hci.ey was gatluicd, already gummed, post paid by
mail, (no Older rec'd ft r less than 250). Ai these
low rates, the full number mentioned »mm«< be or-
dered without the cbMr-'e of one single letter of the

type 1000, S.V2.'". ; .500,82,40; 2C0,8l,«:

0 [Lithograph of the Hexagonal Apiary 2.n

I Lamp, Nursery for halehingqucen cells as built 5 (if;
0 I Lai vac, lorrjneen rearing, Irom June to .Seiit. 25
15 i Microgcope, Compound, in ]Nlah(^gany box... 3 00
0 I Tiepared objects for above, such as bees'

I " wing, sting, eye, foot, etc., each.. 25

0 j Medley of Bee-Keepers' Photo's, (150 Photo's) 1 00

0 I Mftgniiying Giasf, Pocket £0

0| " " Double lens, brass, cnSfeet 1 OO

7 I Muslin, Indian head, for quilts and cushions
I per yard, pretty stout, I ut not good as duck. 10

10 1 Opera Glasses for Bee Hunting 5 00

I Paraflne, for waxing barrels, per jjound 20

0 I Photo, of House Apiary and improvements.. 25

0 I Qi:eens. 5Cc to 8t!.0O. See price list in Oct. No.

2 I liabbets. Metal per foot 02

SECTION BOXES IN THE FLAT, PEK 1,000.

Any dimensions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 00

The above is .50 cubic inches ; for larger sizes add 10c
j)er 1,000 for each additional cubic inch or fraction of an
inch, outside measure. Extra j rices for h ss than .WO.

Just right to tit in L. frames, 2x4JWx4ii' 9 £0

Sample by mail with fdn 5

If the grooving for holding the fdn. is omitted, 25c less
per 1,000. Sections weigh from 7 to 10 lbs per 100.
10 I L. frame-made 2 inches broad to hold 8 sections 6

25 I The .same with 8 sections 13

25 I The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees 20

Adding tin separators to either of the above will in-
crease the price .5c, and the postage 6c.
6 I Section boxes, fancy, hearts, stars, crosses, etc. each 5
5 I Sheets of duck to keep the bees from soiling

I or eating the cushions 10

I Shipping Cases for 48 section frErees of hcney. (0

Salicylic'acid, for foul brood, per oz M

0 Scissors, for clipping queen's wings 40

18 Seed, Alsikc Clover, jvjiwrf 7ie«r MS, per lb... 25
18 " Summer Hape. Sow in June and July. 15

0 " Chinese Mustard, per oz 25

is " Mignonette per lb. (20c. per ok.) 1 50

18 " Mellilot. or Sweet Clover, per lb 60

18 Silver Hull Buckwheat (peck by express, 75c) 10

I Simpson Honey Plant, per pkg. (oz. 50c) C5

10 1 Smoker, ijuinby's (to Canada ioc extra) 1 .50

IXwlittle's '25

25 I " Bingham's SI <iO. 1 50, 1 75

2.5 I " OuE OWN, see illustration in Sept. No 75.

2 I Tacks, Galvanized 10

5 I Thermometers 40

0 I Veils, Bee, with face of Brussels net, (silk) . . 75
0 I The same, all of tarletan (almost as good) ... 50

I Wax Extractor 3 50

I Copper bottomed boiler for above 1 60

5 Wire Cloth, for Extractors, tinned, per sq. ft. 15

21 " •' QueenCages 12

Above is tinned. and meshes a! e 5 and 18 to the inch"

3 I Painted wire cloth, 14 mesh to the inch, per

square foot 7

All goods delivered on board the cars here at prices
named. A. 1. ROOT, Medina, O.

;no

GLEANiNQS IN BSE CULTCRK.

In o^-ilering he stiv to r/i're outride dimensions o/jrame, and length of top bar.

-A.JD-VE:RTISE3Vi:S3SrTS.

Ailvortispinctits will be received at the rate of 20
cents por line, Nonuareil space, eacli insertion, ^cash
in advance: and we icquire tiiat every Advertiser sat-
isfies ns of resp^msibility and intention to do al! that
he agrees, and that his goods are really worth the
price asked for them.

We will send n, snmDls copy of the Bee-Keeper's
Magazine, posi-pctiirf. 1^0 miv person in :iny w;iy inter-
ested in Bees or iheir Products, or in the apparatus
so suecesslally useil in inodern in.iuM'rement. Just send
vo\ir name arid addrps« to A. J. KilNG & CO.,
8tf 61 Hudson St., JXexv Yorlc.

Kvcry Bee-Is ecpcr slioitld subscribe ffor {it.

The American Bse Journal

Is the best scienlilic :ind jirncticril Journal of APICUL-
TURE in the world. The most successful and experienced
Apiarians in Europe, as well as America, contribute to its
pages. In fact, it is tho oldest and larr/est Bee Paper in
the English language. %2, Per Annum. Send a Stnmp
for a Sample Copy. Address TH05IAS G.NEWMAN,
tf 18 1 Cl;irk st., Chicago. 111.

CaSH rm BEES-WAX.

We are payin? 30 cents per pound for yellow bees-
wax, in lots of from .'iO to 5,000 or more pounds, deliv-
ered at Syracuse, or 'Jl cents, if exchanged for white
wax. It' you have any wax on hand, and can deliver
It at the above jirice, please do so, and we will send
you our check on receiiit of tho same.

ECKEKMAN & WILL.
8-7 Wax-bleachers, Syracuse. N. Y.

CLASS HQ^^iEY JA^S.

1 11). Round Honey Jars, Corks included, 'per gross. .'.$5 00

NO COVER.
'/j Pint, plain or ribbed 40 doz.

(! dozen in a package Packing boxes 40 each.

/2 Pine, plain oi- ribbed 50 doz.

0 dozen in a p;ickage. Packing boxes 46 exch.

TIN TOPS.

>3 Pint 05 doz.

« dozen in a package. Packing boxes 10 each.

>"- l^i'it 75 doz.

tj dozen in a package. Packing boxes 15 each.

Also, Window Glass, L:anp Chimnevs and glnssware of
all kinds, for sale by li. L. FAHNESTOCK, late H. L.
Fahneslock, Fortune Co., 70 Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa.
10-12d '

Names of responsible parties will be inserted in
either ot the following departments, at a uniform price
of 20c. cach'insertion, or I2.OO per year.

Names inserted in this department the first time with-
out cliarge. Ajter, 20c. each insertion, or $2,.00 per year.

T^ose whose names appear below, agree to furnish
Italian Queens the coming season for .$1.00 each, under
the following conditions: No guarantee is to be as-
sumed of pnritv, safe delivery, or anything of the
kind, onl3' that the queen be reared from a choice, pui"«
mother, and had commenced to lay when they were
shipped. They also agree to return the money at any
time when customers become impatient of such delay
as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best queens, put
up neatest; and most securely, will probably recoiie
the most orders. Special r.ites for warranted anO
tested queens, furnished on ai)plication to any ot thn
parties. Names with *, use an imported queen moth-
er. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.

*Wm. W. Cary. Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass. Z-2

*J. Oatman & Co., Dundee. 111.

*E. W. Hale, Wirt, C. H., West Va.

*J. M. 0. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md.

♦Dr. J. P. H. Brown, Augusta, Ga.

♦Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis.

*VVm. J. Andrews, Columbia, Tenn.

*J. H. Nfliis, Cannjobarie, N. Y.

Miss A. Davis, ITolt, Ingham Co., Mich.

D. A. Pike, Smithsburir, Wash. Co.. Md.

*W. A. Eddy, Easton Adams Co., Wis.

*E. C. Blakeslee, Medina. Ohio.

*A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

*H. H. Brown, Light Street, Columbia Co., Pa.

*J. Shaw & Son, Chatham Center, Medina Co., O.

*M. L. Stone, Mallet Creek, Medina Co., O.

1-12

fi-C-

1-12

1-12

1-12

2-2

b'u

5 4

5-«

6 11

6tfd

8tfd
Stfd

S©©p M'&w Pal©)*

We whose names appear below agree to sell a good col-
ony of Italian bees with testeil queen, in new one story
hive, for SlO.OO. If in an old hive, §1,00 less. Safe arri-
val guaranteed.

A. 1. Root, Medina, Ohio.

O. H. Townsend, Hubbardston, Mich. 9-11

Ili^-^e JW[a.iixifactin'ei*s.

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, :i8 those dcscriljed on our circular.
A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

M. S. West, Pontiac. Mich. er>

Geo. W. Simmons, Newark, Del. 1-12

Isaac L. Parker, McMinnville, Warren Co., Tenn. 3-2
M. Nelson, Allegheny, Pa. 1 1

SQUARE NOl^EY JAI^S.

One pound square honny jars, per gross S-'i no

Two •> *• '• " '• " 7 (K)

Corks, Caps, Labels, &c., at reasonable rates.
For lurther particulars addiess,
1^ CHAS. F. MUTII, Cincinnati, O.

§4chd h ^m^ and ^cm^,

And Peace on Earth and Oood Will totcard Men.
I^XJBLISHEID ISdrOlSTTHX."^', J^T 3S^ElDIlSr-A., OHIO,

BY J^. I. I^OOT.

W^&t^ ^".^

W>mmm^^mw>9> l®f f ®

M@® it®

ic ^^

§u§uimiQ ^H^nd§.

PATENT HIVES — WHAT FRAME OB HIVE TO USE— SHALL WE USE AN EXTRACT-
OR, OR RAISE COMB HONEY?— ITALIANS— THE BEE MOTH— SPACE FOR COMBS
— FOUNDATION.

While 1 earnestly try to maintain a broad "charity for all, and malice toward none," and while
1 do not wish to take upon myself the responsibility of dictating a course for others, I feel it a,
duty to discourage with all my might, both by precept and example, everj-thing' in the shape of
patented bee hives, or patents on anything- pertaining to bee-culture. On the other hand I shall
try to encourage every one to do all in his power to ridvance the common good of all. I do not
believe the world "selfish and grasping," but have unlimited confidence in the disposition of our
people to desire to pay for everything they get, and to reward those who work for them disinter-
estedly, when they once get a clear underst;mding of the matter. If you have made a valuable
invention or discovery, give it to the people rejoicing that j'ou have been enabled to contribute
your mite to the common good, and in seeing others happy, and sooner or lat^r, j^ou will surely
have your reward. Nothing is patented in tin- shape of Itivea or implements, that ice advertise.

I recommend the Langstroth frame for everybody, and for every purpose whatever, in pref-
erence to anything else, and I have pretty thoroughly experimented with all shapes and sizes.
There may be other forms that will give just as good results, but I do not believe there are any
better. For all general purpose, I advise the Simplicity hive holding ten of the above frames.
The hive is made of % lumber, and is 2OJ4 by 16 inches outside measure. The Langstroth frames
as our gauges make them, are Vt% bj* 9% outside measure. As the chaff hive is the same thing
with an outer shell to hold the chaff that protects the hive from the wintei-'s frosts, as well as
summer's sun, no confusion can result from using both in the same apiary.

Produce just whichever pays best in your own market, and no one can tell so well as you,
yourself, can by trying both ; you can perhaps produce a nice article of extracted for about 15c.,
as cheaply as comb honey for 20c. You can produce thin, raw, unripened honey without any
trouble for 10c. or less, but it will probably pay you best to give your customers an article as good
in CA'cry respect as that found in the nicest comb honey.

The comparative advantages of the black or common bees and Italians, is a matter that no
longer admits of discussion, and I must consider the very few individuals who write in favor of
the former as belonging to that class of unfortunates who seem to delight in being contrary. If
tons of honey are to be considered a proof, the matter has long ago been amicablj' settled in favor
of the Italians.

The bee moth need hardly be mentioned now, vinless it is to advise you to drive them out with
Italians, for whenever they come into a neighborhood, the moths get out without any farther
trouble or bother. This one feature alone, is enough to justify introducing Italian (lueens in
place of the blacks.

The usual space allowed for brood combs is about 1 7-16 inches, but the matter is not at all im-
portant. They can be worked as closely asl^a, or as far apart as 1J£. For surplus honey we
would have about 2 inches space from centre to centre of the combs.

Now m\- friends, I beg to be allowed to make :i rccnifst of iiou. Answering questions by letter
or by postal, is a grievous tax on my health, strength, time and money. Will you not, before ask- .
Ing, look over the above, (mr circular which we give away, liesides paying postage, and our A H 0
Book for beginners. Nearly all the (jucstions that an; asked, are carefully an<l dt^
liberately answered in th(> above, if you will only take the time to look them up. It takt'S
hard brain labor to answer your questiims laithfully, and when they come by the thousand, it
takes all my time fnmi the journal, and from those to whom it belongs, having paid me their
money. Now please do not think me unkind, if your answers are brief, on a postal, and written
by one of the clerks. It is the very best I can do. Your busj^ friend. Novice.

^'■stf

312

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

Contents of this Number.

Bee-Huntinar in Texas 315

Lazy Bees, What to do with them 315

Hiving Bees, A New Bee-Bob 315

Italians ; Their Markinq-s 315

Queen s Duplicating- Themselves 316

Movable Koofs For Hives 316

Fixed or Stationary Upper Stories 316

Foundation for Comb Honey 317

Climbing' Vines for Honey Plants 317

Bitter Honey, and where it comes from 318

Medicated Honey ; a Suggestion 318

Sweet Clover and Lucerne 318

Grape Sugar 318

Too Much Honey 318

Wintering Bees in Hay 319

Report from Michigan 319

Drones, Fdn., and Separators 319

Bees on Shares, Borage 320

Candied Honey, How to Pr event it 320. .339

Figwort 322

Simpson's Honey Plant, Illustrated 322

Clover 333

Comb Fdn. all about making 333

Italians, how to Distinguish from Hybrids 335

Comb Honey 335

Pollen, Illustrated 338

Bees Tongue and Leg, Illustrated 338

Candy for Bees. How to Make it 320. .329

How I Cured Foul Brood 329

Catnip Seed Again 329

Cross Bees and what made them so 339

Enameled Cloth for Covering the Frames 3-30

Drones Reai-ed in Queen Cells 330

Wintering the Italians 331

Bee-Hunting in the Mountains 331

Contrary Bees 331

Imported Queens 337. .331

Turnips for Bees 3:32

Embossed Honev. How to do it 333

A Plea for the Toads 332

Poisonous Properties of Zinc 333

Teasel Honey 335

About Hives 336

Honey from Cotton, Honey Dew, Transferring etc. 336

Capt. Hethei'ington's Honey Crop 336

Weight of Ho ney per Gallon 336

Trials and Tribulations and 336

This 26th day of Nov., 1877, we have 2£13 subscri-
bers. Now comes the tumble, for next month we
must comfnence almost at the foot of the ladder, and
slowly climb up again. All right, we are getting our
" climbers " in " i-ig " a'fe fast as we can, and — confi-
dentially—that dollar you are thinking of sending us
will help "amazingly."

IB* »<» ■€*—

A good sized colony of bees that were taken from
the woods in Sept., destitute of honey, were fed up
to good condition on common brown sugar. It re-
quired just 35 lbs., but considerable of it was con-
sumed in comb-building, and brood rearing. The
colony seems so bright and healthy in a chaff hive,
that we have given them an imported queeen to cai'e
for.

»♦«-<

TEASEL BLOSSOMS.

Teasel blossoms at the same time bass-wood does,
which makes it diflicult to tell just what part of our
honey was Teasel ; probably H. The honey is very
white, Avhitest of anything in the honey line. You
will see that a portion (see page 335) was taken fi'om
the N. Y., times, and Thurber and Co. was the origin-
ator of it. If you wish I will give the mode of Teasel
culture in Gleanings. G. M. Doolittle.

Borodino, N. Y., Nov. 16th, '77.

The above was i-eceived in answer to an inquiry.
Please tell us about cultivating and marketing the
crop, by all means, friend D.,

As you were recently out on a bee hunt I send you
the following ; A good way to catch absconding
swarms is to place several box hives, or better still,
log gums, in the woods round about your apiary. Bees
in hunting for a new home are sure to find them and
appropriate them, if they succeed in getting away.
We have seen this tried, and it was a success ; even if
your own bees do not get away, there are plenty of

bee keeper? crjund you, that are so csrelejs as to le";
hidi' their rew swar.ns go to the woods.
IlAiTi'OKD, N. Y. .1. II. Martin,

Langstroth Bee Hives cut ready to nail including
10 frames and 6 honey boxes or two story hives of
20 or 21 frames. Price 80c to $1.50 each according to
quantity and quality.

Address R. R. MURPHY,
13-2 Garden Plain, or Fulton, Whiteside Co., 111.

. Tr3]noiitaiii, Cremone, Italy.

April, May and June 13 francs in gold.

July and August 10 " "

Sept. and Oct 7 " ''

No order for less than 8 queens is accepted. If
any queens die in the ti'ip, thej' must be sent back in
a letter to have the right to an invoice of compensa-
tion. If anyone should refuse to accept the invoice,
all right to a compensation shall be lost. [The value
of a franc is 189i cents, gold. — Ed.]

D. TREMONTANI, Cremone, Italy.

CLASS HOI^EY ^ARS.

1 lb. Round Honey Jars, Corks included, per srross.. ?5 00

2 ft. " '• '• ' " "... 7 25

t^ONEY Tliii¥ieLEeS.

NO COVER.
33 Pint, plain or ribbed 40 doz.

(■) dozen in a pnckaee' Packing; boxes 40 each.

K Pint, plain or ribbed .'iO doz.

6 dozen in a package. Packing boxes 45 eich.

HOi^EY TFJI^BLERS.

TIN TOPS.

>^ Pint 65 doz.

6 dozen in a package. Packing boxes « . . .40 each.

'A Pint 75 doz.

6 dozen in a package. Packing boxes 45 each.

Also, Window Glass, Lnmp Chiranevs and elassware of
all kinds, for sale bv B. L. FAHNESTOCK, Late B. L.
Fahnestock, Fortune Co., 76 Wood St., Pittsburgh. Pa.
10-l-2d ^^___

(ARNES' FOOT POWER MA-
• CHINERY.

different machines with which
Builders, Cabinet Makers, Wagon
Makers, and Jobbers in miscella-
ncous work -an compete as to Quali-
ty and Peice with steam power man-
ufacturing; also Amateurs' supplies,
saw blides, fancy woods and designs.
Say where you read this and send for
catalosrne and prices.

AV. F. & .JOHN BARNES,
Gtfd Rockford. Wmnebairo Co.. 111.

STiLLMAN^Cft

noravm

ON woao

» N.W. CoB.FRONT8.V(f)|E:

GINGIININAI^I €iHJO

THE

JBritish. Bee JoTLimal,

Is a large, beautilully printed, and profusely illus-
trated MONTHLY; clear type and fine heavy paper.

It is conducted by CHARLES NASH ABBOTT, Fair-
hiwn, N., London, England. Annual subscription,
halt-a.guinea.

We will send it with Gleanings and pay all postage
for «'2.50.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

313

IIWPI-EWIIFIVTS FOR BEE CUI/BIKE AL-
FHAKETICAM.^ AE K AWCili B.

For despiiptioiis cf the various articles fee our Eleventh
Ediiioii Cir<'ular ami juice list fcuiid in Dec. Ko., Vol. V.,
or mailed on application.

For <tireciions //o»<' /o wJaA'f nil tiufe vaiicus articles
and iiripkinents, see ABO of Bee Culiine.

This price list to be taken in place of these of foircer
date.

Mailable articles are designated in the left hand col-
iir.'.n of figures ; the figures ^h ing the oinount ot posiage
required.

Canada postage on merchandise is limited to 8X
oz., and nothing can be t-ent lor lets than l<ic.

Basswood trees for planting, for prices see Oct. No.

Bees per coloi.ji iicnj J7 to felG, lor pfalicuiais eee
price lltt.
10 I Bee-Huntiiig box, with piinted instiuclions.. 25

0 I Binder, Enieison's, for Gxfamjsgs 50, CO, 75

I Balances, spring, for suspended hi\e (00 lbs) 8,00

10 I Blc-cks, iron, for metal cornertd fii.me niuking. ...15

One of the above is given free wiih evtry ItO frames, or
101 0 corners.

1 Barrels for honey, $2,50 ; waxed arid painted S.3,50

Buzz-saw, foot-power, complete ; circular with cuts free
on application. Two saws and two gauges included. $35 » o

0 I Buzz-saws, extra, 6 in. 1.50; 7 in., 1.75; 8 inch.. 2 00
60 I Buzz saw mandrel and boxes complete lor (5 inch

I saws. No saws included 5 00

,i The same for 7 and 8 inch saws (not mailable).. 8 00
IC I Burlap for covering bees ; 40 ni. wide, per yd 10

I Climbers for Bee Hunting 2 50

I Comb Foundation Machines complete ^cO to 100 00

I Comb basket made of tin, holds 5 frames, has

\ hinged cover and pair of bandits. 150

60 1 Chaff cushions for wintering '. SO

j Half price wiihout the chafT, .ind t.oslage t)c.

40 I Chaff cushion division boards • 20

20 I Candy for bees, can be fed at any season, per ft. 15

I " " Eight lb. slab, in L. frame 1 30

20 I Corners, metal, per hundred 75

20 I " " top only 100

15 I " '" bottom, per hundred 50

On 1,000 or more a discoun: of 10 per cent, will be made,
and on lO.CCO 25 per cent. The latter will be given to
those who advertise metal cornered frames.

! Corners. Machinery complete ftr making 250 00

■ " " 25

40

1 I Cages, wood and wire cloth, piovitiontd.see p. 214 05
12 I " " ■• per doz... 50

I " *' Larjier size double above prices

2 I Chte.se cloth, for sirjaneis, per yard.... IC

12 I Dtck, for ftetiing.anu (ovenng the frames— bees

I do not lile it— pel J d. (2t) inches wide) 20

I Extractors, 8<coiding lo t-ht of frr.me £7 50 to 10 CO
I ■' inside and gtaring.includingbonejgaie 5 tKJ
I " Het'i's 10 go arcund the toj) (}er doz. i^.) 50

5 1 Feeder, Siniplidly. (sto page 2W)) 1 pint 5

7 I FeiOtrs. 1 q't, tin, pep| 1 1 bex style

25 Ihe frmc, o (j'f, lo 1 e i.ted in lij-per story

4 I Frame fa with Metal Corncrf

5 I _ " " Sample Eabbet and Clasps

10 i' ClasiJS for transferring, )>ackage of 100.
0 I (Jarus, queen legisteiing, per doz. (!c, per 100...
Cages, wood and wire cloth, piovisiontd.see p. 214

10

CO
05
10

20
2 25

13 I Files for fmall ciicular saws, new and valuable

I '• " •* " per doz. by Express

18 I Galvanized iron wire fcr grap>evine trellises

I per 11.. (a b(ut ICO feel) 20

0 I Glkamngs, Vol's 1 and 11, each 76c., Vol IV 1 00

0 I " Vol. Ill, second- handed 2 00

0| " first five volumes really bound 6 00

0 I " '. " " unbound 5 00

50 I Gearing for Extractor with supporting arm.. 1 50

25 I Gates for Extraciois tinneel icr soldering... 50

Hives Inn; fA'c to };6,25; tor pai ticulars see price list.

0 I Lithograph of the Hexagonal Apiary 2o

I Lamp, Nursery for hatchingqueen cells as built 5 00

0 I Lai vae, lor queen rearing, from June to Sept. 25

Labels lor hoi.ey. from 25 totOcperlCC; lor par-
ticulars, sec price list.

15 i Microscope, Compound, in Mahogany box... 3 00
0 I Pieparcd objec^ts for above, such as bees'

I " wing, sting, eye. foot, etc., each.. 25
0 j Medley of Bee-Keepers' Photo's, (150 Photo's) 1 00

0 I Magnilying Glas.', Pocket 50

0| " " Double lens, brass, on 3 feet 100
7 I Muslin, Indian head, for (|uilts and cushions

I per yard, pretty sK ut, but not good as duck. 10

10 I Opera Glasses for Bee Hunting 5 00

I Paraflne, lor waxing barrels, per pound 20

;0 I Photo, of House Apiary and ln,provements.. 25
! 0 I Queens. £Cc to fti.OO. See price list in Oct. No.

2 I Rabbets. Metal per foot 02

6 I Section boxes, fancy, hearts, stars, crosses, etc. each 5

Section Hone> Bex, afsmple with ttilp of Idn. and
jii luted InstrucUrr.s. 5c losta^ie paid.

Section I. exes ill the flat ly the tinantlty, £9,j,0 jx r
lhouht:nd aiiU 1 pv\i.ids, Eccordli g to f-ize ; lor partic-
ulars, see 1 lice list.
5 I Sheets ol duck lo kce)) the Lccs from soiling

1 or eatii g the curhiong 10

I Shipping Ca^es Ur 48 s(cii( II Ijrn es el hemj. t.O

Salic.>iic acid, for foul hi eod, i)er tz CO

0 Scissors, lor cllp|)ing queen's wings 40

18 Seed, Alsike Clovei, ri7/s«/ «cf;>* «,s-, P'lr lb... t.5
18 *' Summer Uiipe. Sow in June and July. 16

0| *' Chiiiise Mustard, per oz 26

18 I *' Mign(neiie jier lb. (iOc. ) er oz.) 1 fo

18 1 " MeiiiM.t. (.1 .sw«et Clovtr. per lb tO

18 I Silver Hull Bockwheat {) f ck by express, 75c) 10

Sim) son Honey Hant, j er pkg. (oz. 50c) 05

Sm< 1 er, OniiJn's (to Canada 15c extra) .... 1 50

f> I '• ]>oolittle's 25

25 I •' Bingham's gl lO. 1 fO, 1 75

25 I " C'UK OWN, see illuslration in Sept. No 75

2 i Tacks, Galv! iiized JO

5 I Tbein'f;melers 40

0 I Veils, Bee, v.iih face of Brutfels net, (silk).. 75
0 I Th<>s!in)e, all ot larktan (inmost as good)... to

I Wax Extractor 3 ."^o

I Oipj-er 1( tie mod boiler lor above 1 fO

5 I Wire Cloth, lor Extractors, tinned, per sq. ft. 15

2 I " •■ QueenCages 12

Above istiuncd.andmeshesaieSanil 18to the inch"

3 I Painted wire cloth, 14 mesh to the inch, per

.■•quare foot 7

All gooiis delivereel on board the cars here at; prict s
named. A. 1. ROOT. Medina. O.

10

We will send Gi.eaningp—

With The American Bee Journal (f2.00) r2.60

" The Bee Keeper's Magazine (1.50) 2.00

" Both The above Bee Journals of America 4,i/'0

" British Bee Journal (f2,00) 2,£0

" All Three 5.fi0

" American Agriculturist (Sl.CO) 82.25

" Prairie F"armer (t2.15) 2.90

" Rural New Yoi-ker (J2..W) 3.25

" Scientific American (J3.20) 3,90

" Fruit Recorder and Cottage Gardener($l.l)0) 1,75
[Above rates inxAiide nil }'o.stac|e.^

^^CRSOA^jj

jO^MUS-/^

'pat. b/ndMOI periodicals!

m:' SIS,,

Yon cannot look over the back No's of Gleanings
or any other Periodical with satisiaction, unless they
are in some -kind of a Binder. Who has not said—
"Dear nie what a bother— 1 mtisi have last
month's Journal and it's no where to be found." Put
each No. in the Emerson Binder as soon as it comef
and you can sit down happy, any lime yon wish to find
any thing yoxt may have previously see'n even though
it were months ago.

Binders tor Gleanings (will hold them for four
years) gilt lettered, free by mail for 50, 00, and 75c, ac-
cording to quality. For tiible cf prices of Binders for
any Periodical, see Oct. Mo., Vol. 2. Send in your
orders. A. I. BOOT. Medina. O.

ITALmfi BEES.

Imported and home bred queens; full colonies and
nucleus colonics; beekeeper's supiilies of all kinds,
Queens bred early in the season. Send tor catalogue.
9tf DR. J. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga.

mmm ofs^E Kii'FMMi Co,

MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERIOR DOUBLE RE-
FINED GRAPE AND MALT SUGAR, CRYS-
TAL GLUCOSE SYRUP.

Superior Double Refined Grape Sugar fcr feeding bees,
at .S>«c ner lb. in barrels of 375 Iks., and 4c in boxes of 50
or 100 lis. Crystal Glucose Syiup 5c per lb., by the
barrel. Samples of the Grape sugar v ill be .'ent prepaid,
by Express, on receipt of 10 cents.

LOUISP. BEST, Sup't.,
11-ly Davenport, Iowa.

314

GLEAi^INGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Dec.

TABLE OF PREMIUMS.

The first column is for those only, « s
tvho send 5 or more names. S'g

Names of Premium Articles. Sjj^

Any of them sent post-paid on rec'pt of price.

1—A B C of Bee Culture, Part First. 25

"i—Lithor/raph of Apiary, Implements, vie. 25

3— P-v otoqraph of J louse Apiary 25

4,—"ThU Present,''^ Novice and Blue Eyes 25
ft— Emerson's Binder for Oli;ani>"G3,

will holds Volumes 5'

K— " '' better quality 60

7 — Picket Magnifying Glass 6'"*

8 — First or second Volume of GLV,A.yiyGS. .15
'J— Best quality Emerson's Binder for

Gli:aning3 75

10— Double Lens Macpiit'ier.on 3 brass feet 1,00
llr-Photo Medley, Bee-Keepers nfAmerical,OQ
l-l— First and second Vol. o/ Gleanings.. 1,60
13—^ real Compound Microscope, beauti-
, fully finished, and packed with Imple-

, ments in a Mahogany Box 3 15

\i— Opera Glass for Bee Jlunting §5.00

^timber
.of Sub-
scribers
required
at or
at
75c. 1.00

5

2

5

2

5

2

5

2

6

.3

a

7

:i

4

S

4

!)

4

!)

4

10

C

20

8

25

10

BOOKS for SEE-KEEPERS and OTHERS.

A.;iy of th3^; b^oks will be forwarded by mail, post-
paid, on receipt of price.

In buying bcoks, as every thing else, we are liable to
disap I ointment if we make a purchase without seein,'
the article. Admitting that the l,o( ksiUer could read all
the books he otTurs, is he Ims ihem for sale it were hardly
to.be expected he would lu the cne io mention all the
f ults, ns well as gor d things about !i boo;-:. 1 very much
desire th-it these who favor me w i;h iheir patronage, shall
not. be disappointed, and therefore, I am i-oing to try to
prevent it oy menli(.ning all the fauhs so fsr as I can,
that the pm chaser may know what he is ^'ctling. In the
following list, books that I approve I have marked witli a
*, those I especially approve * *; tliott; ihat are not uj)
to times t; books that contain but little matter for the
price, large type and much space between the lines J;
foreign §.

BOOKS ESPECIALLY FOE BEE-KEFPEES.

A B C of Bee Culture, Part First**.
Langstroth on the Hive and Honey 1a
Quiiil y's Mysteries of Bpe-keeping**t
Bee-keeper's Text Book*t muslin.

" *t.... paper

25

S2 00
1 50

40
A Mnnual of Bee-keepin.i:, by John Hunier*§ 1 25

20
25
75
15
.. 1 50

Alanuil of the /:) i^try, by Fiof. A. J. Cook**

Dzierzon Theor.\**

How I Made ?o50 a Year with my Bees*t§..

Art of Sa\v-filin:;*{

Lumlierman's Hand Bcok**

Fuller's Grape Culturisi**

MISCELLANEOUS HAND BOOKS.

Ten /cres Enough** 1 25

Five Acres too Much** 1 50

Tim Bunker Papers* 1 50

An E:-'- Farm, Stoddard** t 50

Book On Birds, Holdeu* 25

Window Gardening 1 50

Purdy's Small I'ruit Instructor* 25

How to Use the JVlicroscipe 75

Plav rnd Profit in mv Garden* 1 50

'•Our Digestion." by Dio Lewis** 2 00

Onic'U Cul. lire* 20

Potatoe Vests, by Pr^,f. Palcy ** 50

Practical I'loriculture* ! 1 50

Garf' ning for Profit** 1 50

.Strawberry Culturist, Fuller* 20

Small Fruit Culturist, Fuller* 1 50

Forest Tree Culturist, Fuller* 1 50

1 50

1 50

1 50

10

50

1 50

75

06

.SO

35

40

How to Build Hot-Hdi.si >;, Leuchai !

Draining for Profit and Health, Warring

What I know of F"nrming, Horace Greely

Injurious Insects, Prof. A. J. Cook**

How to make Candy**

Scroll sawing, Sorrento and Inlaid work *J

Moody's Best Thouirhts and Discourses **

Moody and Sankey's Gospel Hymns, words only

" " " words and music, paper

" " " " " ' boards

Murphy Temperance Pledges, per 100 cards

BOOKS THAT I HAVE NEVER EXAMINED, BUT THAT AEE
IN GOOD EEPUTE.

Broom Corn and Brooms paper DO — cloth 75

Ciller Maker's Manual. Buist

American Pomology, Warder

Canary Birds paper 50 cloth

Farmer's Barn Book

Pear Culture, Fields

American Bird Fancier

American Weeds and Useful Plants

Bement's Rabbit Fancier

Bommer's Method of Making Manures

Burn's Architectural Drawing Book

Burr's Vegetables of America

Cooked and Cooking Food for Domestic Animals...

Copley's Plain and Orn imental Alphabets

Dana's Muck Manual

Darwin's Variations of Animals and Plants, 2 vols. .

Gun, Rod, and Saddle

Harris on the Pig

How 10 Get a Farm and Where to Find One

How to Use the Pistol

Jennings' Horse Training Made Easy

Johnson's How Crops Feed

Johnson's How Crops Grow

Klii)i5arts Wheat Plant

Leavitt's Facts About Peat

Mrs. Cornelius's Young Housekeener's Friend

Plummer's Carpenters ard Builder's Guide

Skillful Housewife....'

American Fruit Cultuiist, Thomas

Cranberry Culture, Wh ite

A Simple Flower Garden. Barnard

Farming by Inches, Barnard

Gardening for Money "

MyTenRodFarra "

Strawberry Garden " A Story

Carpentry Made Er-sy, Bell

Fin, Fin, and Feather

Fi;^h Culture. Garlick

Hou- Plants Ga)w, Gray

Manual of BotSiy and 'Lessens, Gray

School and Field Book of Botany, Gray

New Cook Book, Mrs. Hale

My Farm of Edgewood

American Angler, Norri."

Rhododendrons, Rand

Landscape Gardening, Dov. iiing

Guenon on Milch Cows ".

Sorgho, or the Northe;n Sugar PL-iit, Hedges

j\Iy Vineyard at Lakeview

Shooting on the Wing

.\inericnn Wheat Culturis;. Todd

Cotton Planters' Manual. Tinner

Practical Butter Book, Willard

Y'cuatt on the Hog

Y'cuatt on Sheep

Garden Vegetablos, Purr

Fruits and Fruit Tref s of America. Downing

Complete Works on Chemistry, Li ibig

Gardening for Ladies, Loudon '.

Riley on the Mule

Flr.5 Culture (seven prize essays by practical growers)

Peach Culture, Fulton's

How To Paint, Gardner

Gregory On Cabbages paper

Gregory On Squashes .... paper

Gregory On Onions paper

Ini^ccts Injurious To Veiretalion... .Plain, S4 00..

With coloi ed plates, f 6 £0

Gardening For Pleasure, Hendersoi;

Hop Culture

Jenny June's Cook Book. . .'

Cotton Culture, Lyman

Manual Of Flax Culture and Manukicture

Parsons On The Rose

Potatoe Culture, (prize essay)... .pa; er

Money In The Garden. Quinn

Pear Culture For Profit, Quinu

l^lanual On The Culture Of Small Frv.its, E. P. Roe

Farm Implements And Machinery, Thomas

Earth Closets, How To Make Them, Warring

Gardening For The South

Cranberry Culture

Praedcal Poultry Keeper, Wri'-rht

Peat And Its Uses '.

Hedges And Evergreens, Warder

Sorirlunn And Its Products

Taxiilennist's JIanual

Praeiical Trout Culture

Faniiin'.r For Boys

Silk (iniwer's Guide

Painter, Guilder and Varnisher

^lusliriiciui Culture ;....•..

The Farmer's Receipt Book..

The Model Potatoe

Api)le Culturist, Todd

Youuian's Household Science

1 50
3 00

75
1 50
1 25

SO
1 75

80

25
1 00
3 00

20
3 to
1 25
5 00
1 00
1 50
1 2a

to

1 25

2 00

2 00
1 75
1 75
1 50
1 00

75

3 75
1 25

.-.8
38

1 50
38
38

5 00
50

1 50

1 25
3 OO

2 50
2 00
1 25

5 50
1 50

6 50
75

1 50
1 25
75
1 FO
1 ."0
1 Oo
1 00

1 00

2 £0
5 <0
2 00
2 00
1 £11

:0
1 .-0
1 0<»

cO

ro

£0

1 50

bO
1 £0
1 £0

25
1 50

25
1 50
1 00

50
1 50

1 00

2 no

1 25

2 00
1 25
1 50
1 50
1 0 )
1 50
1 50
I 25
1 50

3 00
5t)
50

1 50
1 75

t>evote:d to beeh Aisr> honey, aivi> iio]m:e interests.

Vol. V.

DECEMBER 1, 1877.

No. 12.

A. I. ROOT, ■) Publisbcd Monthly. rTFT^ins: Rl.OO Per Annum in Ad-

PubUsh^ and Proprietor, > ■] vance; 3 Copjes/or $Z..50; 5/orft3.75;

Medina, O. ) X^sta.'blislied in 1873. ClO or more, 60e. each. Single Number lOc.

BEE HUNTIIVG IN TEXAS.

ALSO SOME VALUABLE HINTS TO BEE-KEEPERS.

fHERE is a timbered rliige 5 miles from my house
called the Postoak ridjre, and on it a place about
, 4 miles square, very thickly covered with grape

vines and green briers called the Postoak Ruflfs. I
wa< in this pl-^ce la«t spring getting timbers, and
while cutting down Sour Oaks I noticed honeybees
on the cliip^ and stumns. As the place is very un-
healthy, no o le livo3 within 5 miles of the spot. Next
dav I took my hnnting pan, well baited, with me. 1
didn't get anv tinibr^rs that day; my pan was covered
with bees ii 30 minutes and I found three bee trees
thnt day, but I have been so busy I have never had
time toivke a general b°e hunt. I have only hunted
a little going in and out a'ter wood. I found 8 bee
trees and I have sev^ril more lines to hunt after, as
soon as I get ti n"-. The bees all go in at the ground
or so close, to it that I need no climbers to hunt here.
I think I can And as many wild bees as I want, for I
am called a good hand at the business.

MT METHOD OF HUNTING BEES.

I make a wooden pan with a long handle, cutting
two or three gullies in the body of the pan sufficient
to hold corn cobs from being easily rolled out. On
these corn cobs I pour mv bait ; the cobs have little
cells that hold it from spreading or running off it my
pan should happen to turn at any time a little to
one side, and the bees can quickly and easily load
themselves. When they find the bait, I let them come
an<l go a few times until they take a straight line
homeward. If there is undergrowth in the way I get
a good course, trim out mv waj% and then while there
are bees loading themselves on the pan, I carefully
take hold the handle and walk on the line till I see
one commence wiping his mouth to start home ; then
I stop and watch him very closely, set mv pan down
and let them gather again. When they get to pitch-
ing off home on a straight line I walk again, and con-
tinue in this manner until I pass the tree and they
turn back; then I find the tree without much hunt-
ing. Sometimes I cross line them but only when the
tree is hard to find. I have never failed in finding
them when I got a good line.

BEES LYING OUT, IDLE ON THE HIVES.

I have often been vexed at my bees hanging idly
out-doors in the midst of a good honey season with
plentv of room in the hive. One day I " studied out a
plan " to make them work. I took a qaart of strained
honey, mixed it with a little water, and poured honey
all over every bunch of l>ees that was lying ouC They
at once began to sip and clean themselves off and as
soon as they would get full they would go up an<l
empty, and return for more. They would soon clean
themselves off and tear round as tiiongh mad at find-
ing no more honey there. They have the "lazy"
" knocked off" and nearly every time they will fly olV
to the forest after more stores.

HIVING BEES ; A NtW "BEE BOB."

Priends, you that are keei)ing bees in the old-fash-
ionecl way, if you want no trouble in hiving your l)ees,
go to the woods and hunt a knot that re'sembles a
swarm of bees settled, and Ptick it up (> or 8 feet high
in front of your hives. Nine times out of ten, they
will settle on it, and you can take them anywhere you
please. Plaae your 'hive where you want it to stay,

shake your bees off In fiont of it, and you are done.
I have never had a swarm leave me when I was at
home. If I see they are determined to emigrate, I set-
tle them and wet them good, so the3- can't fly, shake
them on a cloth, on the ground or a table, and etir
them about till I find the queen, clip her wing, and I
have them "lied." After you put a new swarm in ji
hive, if you will watch closely, you can tell when tbfy
have a notion of leaving by their stillness between the
hours of 9 o'clock a. m. "and 4 P.M. About 30 min-
utes before' they intend starting they will be very
quiet, scarcely any stirring; if few are coming in and
nore going out, yon may look out, but if they ate
coming out as well as going in, they are all right. If
I had space I could tell a "heap" more, but 1 don't
suppose it would be of any use to auv one.

E. J. Atchley.
Lancaster, Texas, Oct. 19th, 1878.

Many thanks, friend A. Your remarks about
clippinjr ffueen's need a little qualification. It
will do very well for first swarms, but if you
clip the wings of the queen of any after swarm,
it will make you much more trouble than it
wouM to clip her head off. Your idea for ma-
king lazy bees go to work, and your "bee bob,"
I am inclined to think quite favorably of.

^0»^»^^^"~

ITAI.IAIVS ; THEIR MARKINGS.

f||HERE is something about the marking of bees,
that I do not understrind. One of the " Blood "
1 queens that I got of you. produ<;es bees, the

greater part of which are beautifully marked, light
colored, and three banded, while a few. (very few)
are the iilackest bees I ever saw. Old fashioned black
bees can't, begin to shine with them, for they look as
though they were polished. Now what kind of a
drone did she meet ?

In the spring of '76. I had a swarm of Macks, the
queen of which became drone laying. All their brood
was drone brood, and there was lots of it. I thought
those small drones iiisiht fertilize a queen. This was
in April, and I don't think there were any other
drones in this part of Canada, certainly there were no
Italians. AVell. I killed the black queen, and gave her
bees a frame containing brood in all staees, from the
only pure Italian swarm I had. In a little over two
weeks, thcv had a fine light colored laying queen.
They did not get weak at all. and strange to say, when
those young bees hatched, they were all beautifully
marked Italiftns ; they were not light colored, for they
were of the world renowned imported stock, but every
bee showed the three bands distinctly. I have them
yet— a very strong s-.vann. snugly packed in chafl".

I have one swarm of hybrids, of which one-half are
black, and the other half all three banded, while an-
other swarm cnntaini ig a (juecn. full sister to this
last, are nearly aU two banded with no black bees at
all. Should a'cpteen rrared from a pure mother pro-
duce any black bees ? My drones are all pure. Young
queens that were reared this summer, and mated im-
l)urely, produce bees difl'erent from those of last sum-
mer, and so I am perplexed.

• Since mv loss in the spring of '7.5, 1 have irceased
slowly. I lost three last winter by tiylng different
plans of winterins. I ha<l but six left— four pure Ital-
ians and two hybrids— which I increased to 20. I sold

316

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Dec.

five, extractpd 3ro Hds. of honey, leaving; the bees more

than they will need, and Ecld 12 queers.

Value oi' increase $70 00

3ro Uis. honev 40(0

12 queens 12 00

Total profit from (i pwarms Sl22 00

Labor, nothing, for it was only rept from my farm
work. Bees all packed in chaff ^vhere they will re-
main the year round.

Friend Anson Minor had 14 Fwarms left, alter losing;
1 or 2 and selling as many, which increased ratnrally
to ;M though he loFt 12 or 15 svarms which went to
the woods, and he has extracted ri^arlv hrlf a ton of
honey. ]la Michener.

Low Banks, Ontario, Canada, Nov. 5tb, lb77.

In rraring young (|uccns (rem a tested mother, we
sometimes find, on the ei:me comb, young queens of
dilTerent colors ; some being veiy yellow, and exact
(lu)'licPtes of the molher. others very brown, nearly
as dark as the common black (juern. Js thin peculiar-
ity indicative of impurity on the mother's side ? Will
the progeny of one of those dark quici s, be as bripl t
as those of the yellov/ queen. sriJiiosing they both
mate with Italian drcres? Again, how w(uld the
progeny of each compare with ihr others, shculd they
have mated with the black drones?

1 am only a novice in bee culture, and, so far, have
fourd it a pleasant, instructive and eiitntaining rrral
pursuit, lean rot speak in terms ol loo higli com-
mendation, of the cxtiaclor, kr.iic and smoker you
sent me; they work splenflidly. Next to my w ile I'.nd
little ores, my little apiaiy is the most atir;;ctive lea-
iii7e of my heme ; my vines and fruit trees int( rest me
in their turn, but for a never tiring and real pleasi'.ie,
i turn to my bees.

If your theory is rorrrct in regard to drones bring
pure irom an Italian queen that has mated with a
black drone, there is no reason why eveiy ore ^\ho
has bees in movable lr?mes, should not be able, wi;h
one pure queen, to purely Jialianiza all his lees. The
dollar queen business is certainly a blessing to the
bee-keeping world; 1 have bought quite a number
tliis serscn. mostly trora VV. P. Henderson, ot Mur-
frecsboro, Tenn. Their iirogtny aie now out, and
thev ,ire beautiful ; they seemed io be as well marked,
as those (rem mv tested (lucens.

I commenced this season with 8 colonies of Italians
and ti iilacks ; I now have 24 colonies, IG Italians ard
s hybrids, all in pood shape, and I expect next season,
with the helj) of GLEA^]^os, to make the honey fly.

J. R. Pakk.

Lavergne, Tenn., Aug. 15lh, 1877.

Our imported queens very seldom produce
queens that are uniformly marked ; and as we
find variation in color, almost all through
both the animal and vegetable kingdoms, I do
not think we can make that alone, much of a
criterion. The general rule, laid down by
Langstroth and others, is to judge by the
markings of workers, and pay little or no at-
tention to the color of either queens or drones.
Dark colored queens reared from pure mothers,
frequently produce the very Mnest marked
woikers. We find queens, a great part of the
queen progeny of which, is light and uniform
in color, but I have never had one that did not
give some dark queens in cool fall weather.

MOVABIiE ROOFS FOR HIVES.

fjHEY are made Ire m cypress shingles 2 feet long,
or "shakes" rs they aie here called, rived thii)
— , find shaved at one end, for which I pay 2.'i cts.
per 100 pieces. Placing these side by side, without
lajipiig, up(;n the bench, with the lower ends in line,
nail the thin ends to a stiip 3 feet long and about 1,V
imhes square. This is the "ridge pole." Another
light strip, say ;'„a % irches, is nailed to the under side
ot the shingles, i.bout 6 inches from their lower end.
Nails that can be clinched, shouUl be usfd for the light
strips. This makes one side ot the roof; let it hang
down betide the bench, with the ridge pole resting on
the edge ot the bench, while a row of shingles, likjj
the first, is nailed on at right angles to the other, ami
the lower ends secured bv a strip iVx ?, as before.
This makes a roof :! feet long", with sides of 2 feet each.
To retain them in this shaijc, a light strip is nailed to

the edsres of the shirgles at each end of the roof,
about ij the distal ce below the )'eak. Made in this
way, they arc inexpensive, verv light to handle, and
make the Ik St possible shade, leaving the air to cir-
culate Iveely ever and all about the hive.

IhadO.^ of them in use last season, and had no
combs melt do\\n, no clvsteiirg out, and my colonii s
averaged me over 100 Us. each, very choice comb
honey. Pre\icus to the use of thtse covers I was cc-
casirnally troul.lcd with melting down of combs.
Resting on the hive, like a roof, not only do they pro-
tect the hives from the sun, hut frc m lain and snow
also, though they were not designed lor the latter
purpose. 1 have left mine on all winter, and find
them quite an ad^f.ntage. They can lie taken oil" or
replaced veiy rapidl5\ more so than can can the cov-
ers tc the hives, so that but a tew moments are re-
quired to remove all mine.

As to their b< iny- lu'sightly. I think they are the re-
verse , and were they otherwise, they would not suit
me, for 1 am very particular, really "oldmaidish"
they tell me, alout ih(! appearance of my hives and
grounds, and can rot tolei ate sticks or rubbish of any
kind in myapiaiy. My hives are well puttied anil
painted, ol dlil'eient colcrs, and stand just G feet fiom
center to center each way. With these movable roofs
they do jirestnt such a comforiahle appearance, I am
sure ycu would like them Mr. Gleanings; at least,
all wilt, see thrm admire them very much.

You mifilu. think, being so light, they would the
more re a<lily blow ofl' every lime there c£.me up a good
stiff breeze, and thus expose your hives to the sun,
though ever so hot. or keep jou trotting to replace
them. At least, that is v.hatlat first feared. But
the laet is, duilng all of last season, out of Gb, not
more than two or th;ee were displaceel by the wind.
So lar, this season, we have had two severe wind
storms, duiing one ol which, my corn bain, 12x30 It.,
was blown cl( i!r liem lis foundation to the groundi
lut only a lew of the movable roots were blown from
the hives; though 1 leared I might, one morning, lind
many ol my hives lurneel over. 1 have never had a
hive blown over. W. W, Hipolite, M. D.

De Avail's Bluff, Ark., April 12th, 1877.

FIXED OE STATIONARY UPPER

S'^oetiES.

M RE there not advantages in a hive, the upper
J^^ and lower stories of which can be taken apart?
"ii— 'I It seems to me that v^hen the upper story is
stationary, it would be a little incovenient getting
down to work in the brood chamber.

This is a matter on which I have carefully
experimented, and 1 much prefer a stationary
upper story, as in the chtift'hive. Observe that
you cannot take out the lower frames of an old
style L., or Simplicity hive, unles-s you first re-
move the upper story; if the 10 frames are full
of honey, you canrot well lilt ihe v.holc at
once, and if you could, ycu could not well le-
place it without kiilirg many bees. I have
lifted oft' the upper stories many limes when
filled; sometimes alone, and sometimes with
an assistant lo lake ore end; som.elimes the
frames above, will be altr.ched to those below,
ard for a variety of reasons, I now almost in-
variably remove Ihe greater part, if not all of
the upper frames, before lifting e ff the upper
story. When empty it is a very simple matter
to take it ofl', but with a powerful colony of
bees, it is a task indeed, to put it back without
killing any of them If you doubt this state-
ment, take a look at any movable upper story,
during extracting time, and see if you do not
find that bees have been crushed between the
joints. I will say the same in regard to mova-
ble sides, close fitting frames at either the tops
or sides, or any thing else about a hive where
pieces are to be closed up while the bees are
on them. Their owners say they do not kill
bees, but just look and see if they have not
killed them. My friend, are thei'e any dead
bees to be found in the joints to your hives V
you can answer the ejuestiou yourself.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

;3.i7

III usins; tho chill' hive, wc are obliged to lift
out the 11 pp I" IVainz-i a-< b^'tore, l)iu vu have no
upper story to lift oil'. Tiiere is no loose thiiiir
about, aud the whole inside is as simple, clean
and Tree from '• traps and co;;-\vheels," as is
the inside of a " bran new"' tul). Now comes
the question: Is it not more inconvenient to
reach down so deep to lift the frames out, than
if the upper story could be lifted oil' out of the
way? Well, it is somewhat; but the chart'
hive is substantial enough to allow us to lean
our body aijainst it, while lifting out the
combs, and since becoming accustomed to it, 1
rather prefer to work with it. On account of
cheapness, I prefer the Simplicities, for all
new colonies the tirst season, and for light
hives to be moved about the apiary during the
sunimer time.

■ i«i ^

FOUNDATION FOii COMB HOr^EY.

WE clip the following from the reports of
the National Convention :

A. J. King haiJ recaiveil a bos of white clover honey
Irom Nos-iCt! in his suipijinj; ca3e. It was beautifii! lo
1 )ok upon, 'out wnen using it he found that the foun-
dation used was thlcli, and not thiuned out by the
bees one particle. He did not think its use in boxes
coulil bo tolerated.

T. G. Nesvui'in remarked that he had similar expo-
rience to Mr. King's. Novice also sent him a case of
hjney to dispose of lor him, which, upin being u<ed,
proved to have a regular fish bone in it, (the line k
toundation in ics original state) and tliat such, if used 1
in that way, would injure the sale of comb honey. If |
used in boxes it should be exceedingly thin. i

We read the above, with perfect astonish-
ment, the more, as the cases of honey sent
friends King, and Newman, were built in &ec- j
tion boxes containing bat a narrow strip of
fdn. under the top bar. The honey was sent
them to test the shipping qualities of our ship-
ping boxes, aud not because we had not abund-
ant demand for it at home, at good prices, as
we have heretofore mentioned. For fear some-
thing had escaped our observation in the mat-
ter, a card was sent Stair & Co , who have
sold considerably over a ton of it for ourselves
and neighbors. The following is their reply :

With all the hoaev we have sold this s3ason, in sec-
tions, both for y 'U and others, we have aot had one
word of complaint tibout fdn., either from our retail
customers, or from dealers : a very conclusive evi-
dence that those dealers had no complaint from their
customers. VV"e did not, at any time, withhold the
tact that it was made on artificial comb fdn., and yet,
instead of any oujections, all who tried it wanted
more. For our part, we can not conceive of any dif-
ference between pure wax, whether made into comb
before or after melting, as the melting process does
not affect any cliemical change in the substance. Let
the fdn. be made of pure wax, as thin as practicable,
and we predict that no one will find fault.

STAIR & Ken DEL.

Cleveland, Ohio, Nov. 8th, 1877.

It would be foolish to spend time arguing
such a matter, for the fdn. is now in the hands
of thousands, and they can, in all probability,
tell whether they want it or not. The honey
that our friends condemn, brought 25c. readily,
and a part of it was sold for <J7 ; a crop like
Doolittle's could easily have been sold for 35c,
yet his built on natural combs — as we suppose
— only brought 20c. The following is just at
hand :

Taurber paid Mr. Doolittle 20 cts. per lb. for the
lioney to which was awarded the S50.00 Gold Medal.
Thay paid me 2.1 cts. lor the 90 lbs. I exhibited in com-
petition, Mr. Thurber wishing one case to send to
friends in Entjlrind, aud the other two to distribute

to Irlenils about N. Y. Citv incluiang members of thn
))re8s. Thj ho,,ey 1 exliliiite<l \vw built upon Comb
Foundation, v/hich tlie Convrntl;)n (ex(!ei)C pcrnaps
Mr. Nellis and myself) ••went back upon," or con-
demned its bjiag usud for starters in sui-|>liis bixes.

^ C. It. 1.SI1A.M.

Poona, N. Y., Oci. 2".;,li, 187:.

We have lUled our seclioim, the pa>t season,
only about ,1.3 full, because we cannot well
ship hives by freight and express sa!e:y, with
a larger piece. In our own apiary we used
them put up in the sa.ne way, to avoid the con-
fusion of having two kinds on hand. We have
often, when eating the honey, remarked how
far the yellow wax extended below where the
fdn. reached, for they use the wax taken off iu
thinning it down, to build out the new comb
below. Close to the top bar, we often find a
thick ridg3 of yellow wax ; this the bees prob-
ably leave to give the new comb strength, and
a careful examination will reveal much the
same thing with most natural comb-i, but it is
not yellow like that which our editorial friends
found.

After reading over the above, it has occurred
to me uhat perhaps I have been a little " set in
my own way," in the matter. I have just been
fixing "the ministers" bees for winter, with
the chafT cushions and division boards, and I
mentioned the matter to him. He agreed with
me, that in the honey we examined at their
house at tea, one evening in July, no diflference
coald be detected between the honey below the
strip of fdn., and that above it, but said in
some honey they examined afterward, they
found the bees had to some extent, omitted the
the thinning ; but even then, he thinks it not
noticeable enough to prove an objection to the
honey by any one. Very thin fdn. can easily
be made for comb honey, but it would necessi-
tate keeping the two kinds on hand, instead
of one. It is a great convenience to use the
clippings from the fdn. for brood comb for
the surplus boxes, but if the people demand it,
we can make sqme drone comb considerably
thinner than would be desirable for the brood
combs alone, especially for comb honey.

CLIMBING VINES FOB HONEY FliANTS.

M Correspondent in your Sept. No. asks if there is
J^^ " a climhinc vine that bears honey producing
=^=iu flowers." Yes; fcveral. There is an annual,
Cardiopermum Haliacabum, cimmonly known as
Heart seed, or Ballooo Vine, of the natural ordur Sap-
indacoae. The nearly allied oeder Celast.racca;, furnish
others, sucli as Celaatrus Scatidens and Staphylea Tri-
folia. Tlie later is classed as a shrub, but with train-
ing may assume a trailing habit. There is, among the
beautiful evergreens of the South, a honey producer,
Bignunia Cruci/era, commonly known as Cross Vine.
Hees are so fond of this in its season, that liunters,
from it, trace them to their " dens " without any other
bait.

The Balloon Vino is especially to be recommended,
because seeiis can be obtained irom any tlorisL. It is
as easy of cultivation as morning-glories, antl it
blooms from May till frost. To promote blooming, the
ijods may be kept pinched off. It is questionable,
however, whether it is well to train honey bearing
})lants over your bse-hives. By a wise natural instinct
ihey seem to prefer to pasture at a distance from iheir
hiding place, and, as a fact, the flowers near them are
most fre(|uented by the workers from other coloni.^s.
The singing of these, around the hive disturbs it, as it
robbers were about. This is particularly noticeable
when you have the top off, and desire them to be ((uiet.
An untimely buzz from a stranger over he:ul. asa
bumble-bee or wasp, brings them out with "angry
like." S. G.

Holly S;)rins9, Miss., Oct. lith, 1877.

318

GLEAKINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Dec.

BirTEK

HONSIY. AND l*'HEaE IF

CO. TIES F-:i07I.

MEDICATED HONEY, A SUGGESTIOX.

^TKi^l'IE sftason lor honey in this locality has been

m from poor to niiild'.ing. Bres camo out of the
"I winter weak, ami losses wei'c heavy : in lact it
wa'? the m <^t trying winter v>'h have harl. Many bcR-
kei-pers lost all tlieir stoc!<e, anti those who were ia-
vorcd in cavinsr part, are badly rtl-coiiiiged. Tiie
average bee-keeppr here, is coniiiletely demoralized ;
the, outlook is anythinf< but ( nconrasing for tiie fu-
ture. Wo think the cause of the great loss tlie past
winter can be ac.onnted for thus; bees gathered but
little honov after Aug. loth la-it vear, cOiisequenlly the
hrecfiiiig of bees -.vas small, and stocks as a rule, v^-cre
not strong with bees of any age. Honey in tlie comb,
almost without exception, candied solid— like a marble
slai), almost— and bees starved with pi' niy nf such
stores be&ide thpm. In conveii=ing wlili a German
Iriend who had lost. all. I asked him -viiat he thought
the trouble was. He said "De hiiney vaa werry pat-
vis s<',h*trong:" and no c.oubt ho was nearly cart.-ct.
There would be but little use of v.ritina: oi these losses
if there were no remedy. We iliink there is. and now
is the time to apply ir, in part at least. We ^voul<^
recommend first, stimulating the st' cks by lecdin?r in
th! fall, and secondly; to be t'pi'?/ suro to put tliem in
it «'arm dry depository, of some li;d, for wintering.
I lost no stoc!i8 last winter, although they were not as
strong in numbers as u^nal when taken out oi the
cellar, in the spring. The quanlity of honey salhcred
with me this seas^m has been good, but the qualiit/
Irorn al) ut Sept. 1st to the 20th, was something fearful
— bitter as soot— never heard of, saw or tasted the like ;
and the worst of it is, the bees have nii.xed it bad y
with other honey in finishing up. My i^ss, 1 tuink,
will be irom 501 lo tCi i)nunds. The quanlity of bitter
honev is not large, but it is so very pi'ngent, not only
the honey but the pollen, also, of vvhich they have col-
lected cinsiderable. The honey, in color, i:j golden
andean 1)0 easily ilistinguislied from theoiher. Wlierc
the bees liavc pa? Fed over the combs much, they are
c!i=oolored by the pollen or fl^^ur.

ThiT weed, or rather the name of the herb from
which this bitter honey was gathered is (Scientific) —
Helenium Autumnalc. (Common )—SnpczGwee(l or
Smczpwort. Botanical discription — wild, in low
grounds, 1 to 4 ft-et in height, with lanceolate toothed
leave s, iheir base olten decnrrent on the stem, and a
corymb of showy vellow fiovvt-re(i heids. the rays o!t-
eii drooping in autumn. It is known by the oldest set-
tUrs hire l)y the name of Ague— blossom, Piairie
Quinine, and was used as a remedy for hili. us liiseas-
es. Had I known of such an herb, and that bees would
collect hnney from it. I could have removed what
honey was in surplus bor.es and thus have saved it.
Bees were never knonn to gailuT hon(.'y li^^m it here
before, and it may not recrete it again for years.

No.v friend Novice, I have a propositio;i to make.
If you have got a Iriend. fir v. hat would he still better
for iho purpose, an enemy, who has the shakes rit^hc
bad, I >. ould be glad to give bim a duc'^, ( lor that
would be enough) of my celebrated Snetzewort— Ayue
— Blossom— Praiiie Quitiine— medicated honev, iiee
of charge; onlv stipulatin,":: tS'atI be by to .sVe t'le
operation. II he iiiViM forget he ever hail the shakes,
I will agree to stand the conesquences!

I teel doubtful as to the result of wintering my bees
on this honey, although the quantity in the hives is
not b rge. lam lioping they will use most of it before
it id time to place thtni in the cellar. I have two
stocks made up late in the season, from nuclei. These
have a large share of this honey, seem healthy and are
breeding well. I will keep them on this hi.nevlora
test. . R. H. Mellen.

Amboy, Ills., Sept. 30th, 1877.

The enclosed SI CO is for two of your hybrid queens.
We are afilicted in ihis count! y with what we call, for
waiif of a lietter r.ame, bitter \ eed, and our bees pre-
ler it to golden rod whicli is blo-isoming proinsely.
Oiir hivis have many of their surplus frames in tlie
upper stories filled with Iteautifnl looking honey, but
it is unpalatable on account of this bitter weed, Irom
^■■hich it is gathered. Mv plan is to divide the be-s,
leaving (i or 8 full framps below, give all ihis surplus
honey to the young swarms, and introduce vour hy-
brid queens. This is my first season with bees. My
stocks are wonderlully strong in numbers, and, I
thiii!;, could well s,;are cnonj-h to b^gin t-.vo new col-
0"ips- M Its. W. Thurmond.

Dry Grove, Miss., Oct. 1st, 187 7.

SIVEET CI.OVER AND liUCERNE.

¥JOU ask for farther reports concerning sweet
clover; 1 think if California had as much as we
, have in Utah, your side of the hills would not;

have the monoj)o!y of the market this year, if their
climate is like ours. Our chief iiependence lor honey
is sweet clover ; let it once get a start on your lard
and it requires no cultivation for it will tale care of
itself. It crmes in bloom with us, the last week in
June. I commenced extracting this yiar in the early
part of July and continued until Sept.. then let them
fill up. They are now readv for -v inter. We pasture
our cows on sweet clover through the summer, cut it
for winter feed, (we cut it twice) and it t;i\ es us two
crops of honey besides two crops for winter feed.

I commenced 1877 with 18 stands; have now 37.
Extracted 27tit) lbs. from them this feuson and made
120 combs. There is another clover here which I wish
to mention, called Lucerne. It is excellent food for
horses and stock for the farm ; chickens and pigs also
eat it. We cut it Irom 3 to 4 times in the season.
There is an article, I think in Vol. Ill, which say8
Lucerne needs hoeing; the best way to hoe it is lo
put plenty of seed in the ground and lat it alone until
ready lor cuttinff, then let the mower cut it. It you
have only one pound of seed, don't put it on one acre
of ground; if you do, you will have to "hoe" that
Lucerne patch. O. W. Leah.

Spanish Fork, Utah Territory, Oct. 8lh, '77.

GRAPE SUGAR.

sjjB AST spring I had 8 tair box hives of bees and
Jj|l /i; two weak ones, without queens I think. I then
%~!JJ had no experience in modern beekeeping. I
read the article on the uses of grape sugar, which I
sent you, and as soon as the bees began to look for
something to eat, I offered them grape sugar as it
came from the factory, placing it under the hives in
small lumps. I could not see that they used any of it.
I then made a syru]) of about 5 lbs. of grape sugar and
one of water, heatiig it in mixing, ano putting in per-
haps }4 lb. of hnney the first time. I gave them this
in a feeder placed" several rods from the hives, in a
sheltered spot where the sun would shiite upon it.
The bees soon found it and on pleasant (la\8 would
carry avvay tV' m 2 to 4 lbs. of the s\riip. I ciniiuued
this until Iruit blossoms began to fiitiear. The bees
then visited it less, and flies and other insects mo'e.
so I iliscoiitinued ihe syrup, having fpd liy estimaie
about EO ll'S. of the sugar. About the first of June the
bees began to swarm and continued until there were
33 swarms. The two weak swarms did not gain any,
so I hived new s.- arms in wiih them and in that way
made strong colonies of them. I now h;ive them all
in Lawn or Simplicity hivee. I have lately ofl'ered
ihem the syru)) to see w heller ihev would take it
v.hen honey .vas £tiU jdenty in the fields. Some did
take it freely, others net. When leeiling in the spring
it would gninulat.' in the l.i ttom rt' ihe dish on warm
days, I'ut I lound rone in the combs when transfer-
ring. The jigent of the factory at Divenport, lewa,
suggested that it migiit gra uibite in tbe comiis if fed
in large enrugh quantities to be stored a\^ ay an<l re-
main for a cnnsideiable length of time. I designed
to make further use of it beieirc ofl'erine my experi-
ence to the public but as you have aslsed for it, 1 give
it now.

From my knowledge of its manufacture and uses, I
am s:ilistied that ;shen it is ))roperly piepared it is
not dt lete ri ,us to animal liie, tmt a wholeseme article
of food ; yet I vvould advise everyone < esigning to use
it for feeding b"es or otherwise, to order it direct from
a factory am! stale the use they design it for, it being
diflerently prepared lor eiiflerent uses.

I h:ive no doubt that the ordinary reflneel sugar of
commerce is largely C'lnposed of grai)e sugar, so it
den'c seem wise policy to i)ay 10 or 12c i)er lb. for that,
when grape suirar can be had for les than lialf that
price, and nearly if not quite as good for fteeiing bees
as the former, even if not mixed. Tii-y turn out a
syrup at ihe factories also, but it is not recnmmended
to use for bee feeding; besides, it costs more than
that made from the sugar. D. C. Undekhill.

P. S.— I understand there is a factory of grafie sugar
and syrup, at Freepoi t. in ihis Slate. D. C. U.

Seneca, Ills., Sept. 22th. 187(1.

wilhlji II eg II l~ 111

TOO ITSITCM MOKEY.

M T Ihe commencement of our honey harvest, I ex-
/©*! aniined my bees, and i)ronounced them in good
&^a=^ condition. As extracted honey doca r.ot sell

1877

GLEA>TINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

319

verj' readily here, I thought 1 would "go for" box
honey. My boxes hold ID and 20 lbs, having % inch
Dine bottoms, anil glass fronts. They were placed di-
roctly above the frames, no boney board intervening.
They commencvid work in these at cnce, but ihcir
)>rogrec8 was slow. 1 lookcit at their boxes ofien, but
(lid not op-'n th.; body rf the hive, for about two
months. Noticing your a(lvice in S.;;)t., No.,
that this month whs a good lime to see that stocks
were in good condition for winter, I went to work and
to my astonishment, fnind tlie body of the hive literal-
ly full of hon-y. I opened one hive that had not a
particle of ro>m fir bi-oodl The cai'ls of comb were
built down to the bottom bar ot the frames, full of
honey, every coll capped over, and about; 15 lbs, In
ooxes above, n.it full/' Other hives had from 2 to 4
square inches of inferior looking brood at the lower
p:;rt of the fr.imi^ I put the extractor to work at once,
of conise. Will these bees, so late In the season, raise
broo I enougli to keep up the strcngtii of the colony,
(luring the winter? or what shall I do with theuiP
1{''^3 are still gathering some honey, at, this date. If
I get my b-e^ through the winter, I tblnlc 1 shall
adop: the Simplicity iiivc, with small section frames,
lor surplus honey, A. C. Washburn.

Bioomlngton, ills., Sept., 13th, 1877.

Ill oar expenraeat3 with scctioa boxes, we
have been led to believe the bees would iuvari-
ably make room for the queen, if they had a
Convenient place to put the honey. You do
not say what frame you use, but I cannot help
thinking such would not have been the case,
had you u^ed the shallow L. frame that v/e do.
If you wish the bees to start promptly in the
boxes they must be brought near the centre of
the brood ue?t, and I know of no better way of
doing this, than with the shallow frame. Bees
can be made to rear brood through Sept. and
Oct., but they will have to be fed regularly to
have them do it. But after all, the most im-
portinS thnig is, to know at all times, just ex-
actly what is going on inside the hive; unless
you attend to this, all that books and journals
caa aid you, will be of little avail.

WISTEilING BEES I.S HAY, AVD TOO MUCH HO.VEV.

I begin b3i-koeoin!? when 14 years of aae, in 1871,
havlna; found a wild swarm on a leafy siumi). Wo pvic
them In an L., hive, took a bee paper, and Italianized
the noxt year. la the fall of 74, havlnsc bourht some,
we had 18 stocks of hybrids In trame hives 12x13x20 in-
side, which we prepared for winter, as follows. We
l)aiic a bouse 0 tt. hiijh and wide, by IS ft. long. Late
in Oct. we put a row of hives along each side of the
house, 6 In. aiiart, with 4 la, bctv/een them ar,d the
weath 31% leaving , a small passage- way through. We
then filled the space in front of, and between tlie hives.
^vltu dry prairie hay, and crammed Lho house tnll of
hay up to the roof. We were absent, all winter, and
on returning in March, not a live bee remained. The
winter was very severe; the colonies were of average
strentith, and left honey in the hives. Wo have since
wintered bees as before, in a collar, with good success.

In your remarks you say " double up until all are
strong colonle?. Now crov.d the bees on to 6 or 7
combs,— tuck them up snugly, and feed until these 6
comb.5 are bulged with sealed honey &c." Now arc
you sure bees will winter well with no empty comb
on which to cluster? I have been taught dlfl'erently,
though not by experience. Bees have done well this
year, and are In good condition for winter.

Oliver Foster.

Mt. Vernon, Iowa., Oct. 29th, 1877.

Your bees were in very large hives, and
your nice dry hay was so far away from them
that it did them harm rather than good, for it
deprived them entirely of the sun's rays, which
they would have had on their summer stands.
"Were you, some frosty night, to put the bed
clothes over the top of the bed posts instead
of close to your body, you would be in much
the same predicament that your bees were.
My directions were given for the first of Oct.,
and if the bees were put on, even solid combs,
at that time (although I did not quite mean

that), they would have plenty of empty cells
to cluster in, by the first of Dec. I have, many
times, seen the combs too full for brood rear-
ing, but I have never seen too much honey at
the approach of winter, when there were plenty
of b' es. If you lake u look at your bees in one
of these large hives during a frosty morning,
you will fiud them gathered into a space so
small that you would, a': first, say they were
all gone. Now if you make the colony large,
and the hive small, you will finally have them
right against the top, bottom and sides, and in
this coiidliion they will have a warm room all
wintei-; so warm, in facl, that they can be seen
sta;nliii;c in the doorway almost all winter
long.; and this is the very condition in which
we find our bees in the chaflf hives. The walls
and floor being of very thin lumber, are easily
warmed through, and kept warm all winter.

REPOKT FKO.TI MECHIGAN.

DRONES, FDN., SEPARATORS, &C.

j^ S the hurry of the season is now over, and the
yWS^ bees ail nleely stored away in their chaft" boxes,
-^^-^ we will tell you what we have been doing the
I>.".sC8c.t.-<on. First, then, our season has not been ex-
tra, notwiihstaiitling llowers were never more abun-
dant; but. during the entire month of June, the nights
were very cold and but a small amount of clover hon-
ey was gathered. We had, in spring, 74 No. 1 colonies
and 71 uf them sent out lirst swarms. Not a second
sw. inn issued; all surplus queen cells were cut out
the S;h day irom issue of the lirst swarm. We had,
all told, 'Jti first swarms, but Increased only 33. using
the bees lor gathering honey. Our entire crop wa8
only 4000 lbs., all clover; no fall honey.

As we have no basswood, our season for surplus
clo^eil about the l.^ith or 20th of July ; but enough was
g.ithered from p:olden rod to amply supply all stocks
for winter, and as we still hold that 35 pounds is safer
than 25 to last from flowers to flowers, we have kept
that amount In each hive. One liundred and two col-
onies are ))ackcd away in 350 bushels of wheat chaflf.
"Chaff Is on the rise."

Our last article v/as on the Drone, or " How many
do we need in an apiary of 100 colonies ?" Well, In
April and May last, we built all of our 74 colonies up
with perfect worker combs, with the exception of 4
stocks ; each of these 4, had a piece of drone comb
about 4 inches square. We were told, last spring, that
we should lose a great many young queens, but we
lost only 4, Now I am not going to tell you how much
lioacy it takei to raise and keep a large batch of
drones, but every practical bee-keeper knows that
hives Infested with large numbers of drones store lit-
tle or no suri)lus; and If we reverse the order of
things, and raise workers in their stead, it will soon
be seen. But pi-obably you, Mr. Gleanings, will ar-
gue that there is now no use of bothering about drone
comb. The remedy Is fdn., and all worker In brood
chamber. Well, this is all very nice, and no doubt
will radically cure the great evil, but my dear Mr.
Novice, do you not know that at the present price of
fdn. It would require quite a large cash outlay to be-
gin the season and then have to risk the bees gather-
ing honey enough to pay for It ? We highly prize fdn.
for starters in our surplus boxes and sections, but
think it too costly for the brood chamber. It may be
that the bumi> of caution Is rather prominent on our
head; time will prove It.

We are reall," glad to see our Bro. Doolittle roll in
such big fl;;ures. But O dear ! when Novice tells us
that his location Is nothing extra— Well we think
about as Pat did abou tthe potatoes in Ireland ; he said
It was'ut nuich of a country for potatoes, but they did
raise some "awful big" ones. Please ask him whether
he uses Fi,indcr's Bee Charm or not.

Our honey was nearly all in your sections and all
soldat2"e. We used no 8ei)arators, and have but a
small amount but what could be sent to market In our
cases for retailing, and I am sanguine tliat It can be
remedied by filling sections with fdn. Instead of start-
ers, as the trouble comes from the bees building up-
ward from the bottom. Instead of downward from
the top. J. BUTLEK.

Jackson, Mich., Oct. 10th, 1877.

330

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

SEES OXr SKABJQS. There are ca-
ses doubtless, where it is advantageous to
both parties, to let bees out on shares, but
as a genex-al thing, I would advise owning
your bees, even though it be but a single
colony, before you commence to build up an
apiary. It almost always happens that one
of the parties is dissatisfied ; and as is fre-
quently the case with such partnership ar-
rangements, both the parties have been
wronged, to hear their story for it.

I believe it is customary for one of the
partners to furnish the bees, and the other
to do the work ; at the end of the season,
everything is divided equally. If new hives,
Italian queens &c., are to be used, the ex-
pense is equally divided. The division of
stock is usually made as soon as the honey
season is over, and each party takes his
chances of wintering. To prevent any mis-
understanding, I would advise that the
whole agreement be put in writing, and that
whenever something tunis up for which no
provision has been made, some agreement
be made in regard to it, and that this be put
in writing also. Instead of inquiring what
other folks do, arrange the matter just as
you can agree, and make up your minds in
the outset that you are going to remain good
friends even if it costs all the bees and your
whole summer's work.

BOHACt'E. [BoTd'jo Officinalis). This
lias been at different times recommended
for bees, but as those making the experiment
of planting several acres of it, did not re-
peat it succeeding years, I think we are just-
ified in concluding it did not pay. I hr.ve
raised it in our garden, and some seasons
the bees seem very busy on it. It has a
small blue blossom, and grows so rapidly,
that a fine mass of bloom may be secured by
simply planting the seeds on the ground
where you dig your early potatoes. If it is
to be raised by the acre, it should be sown
at about the same time and much in the
same manner, as corn is sown broadcast.

GAOTBIEB HOSISS'S'. All honey, as a
general thing, candies at the approach of
cold weather. It has been suggested that
thin honey candies quicker than thick, and
such may be the case, for lioney that has
been i)erfectly ripened in the hive, that is,
having been allowed to remain in the hive
several weeks after being sealed over, Avill
sometiraes not candy at all, even if exposed
to zero temperature. As some lioney can-
dies at the very first approach of cold weath-
er, and other samples not until we have se-
vere freezing weather, we can not alwavs be

sure that i>ei-fect ripening will prove a pre-
ventive. It is very seldom indeed that we
find sealed comb honey in a candied state,
and we therefore infer that the bees know
how they can preserve it best for their use ;
for although they can use candied honey
when obliged to do so, it is veiy certain that
they dislike to bother with it, for they often
carry it out to the entrance of their hives
when new honey is coming in, rather than
take the trouble of bringing water with
which to dissolve it.

HOW TO PREVEISTT HOKEY FROM CAN1>YING.

By follo\\'ing out the plan of the bees, we
can keep honey in a clear limpid liquid
state, the year round. The readiest means
of doing this, is to seal it up in ordinary
self-sealing fruit jars precisely as we do
fruit. Maple molasses, syrups and preserves
of all kinds, may be kept in the same way,
if we do our work well, almost as fresh,
and with the same flavor, as the day they
were put up. We should fill the jar full,
and have the contents nearly boiling hot
when the cover is screwed on. The bees
understood this idea perfectly, before fruit
jars were ever invented, for they put their
fresh pollen in the cells, cover it perfectly
with honey, and then S'eal it up with an air
tight wax cover. To avoid heating the hon-
ey too hot, it may be best to set the fruit
jars in a pan of boiling water, raising them
up a little from the bottom, by a tliin board.
If the honey is over-heated, just the least
trifle, it injures its transparency, and also
injures its color; in fact it seems almost
impossible to heat some kinds of honey at
all, without giving it a dai'ker shade.

CANDIED HONEY CONFECTIONERY.

If you allow a barrel of linden or clover
honey to become candied solid, and then
scoop out the centre after one of the heads
is removed, you wiP find, after several
weeks, that the honey niound the sides has
drained mucli after the manner of loaf sug-
ar, leaving the solid portion, sometimes
nearly as white as snow, and so dry that it
may be done up in a paper like sugar. If
you now take this dry candied honey and
warm it in an oven mitil it is soft, it can be
worked like " taffy," and in this state you
will pronounce it, perhaps, the niDst delic-
ious confectionery you ever tasted. You
can also make candy of honey by boiling,
the same as molasses, but as it is little if
any better, and much more expensive, it is
seldom used.

CAltTBir rOR BEES. Very little is
to be added to the directions just given for

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

321

making candy for the queen cages, except
that we are to work with larger (iiiantities.

If your candy is burned, no amount of
boiling will make it hard, and your best
way is to use it for cooking, or feeding the
bees in summer weather. Burned sugar is
death to them, if fed in cold weather. You
can tell when it is burned, by the smell, color
and taste. If you do not boil it enough, it
will be soft and sticky in warm weather, and
will be liable to drip when stored away.
Perhaps you had better try a pound or two
at first, while you '' get your hand in." Our
first experiment was with 501bs. it all got
"scorched" "some how."

As the most convenient way of feeding
candy that will probably be devised is to put
it into your regular brood frames, I shall
give directions for making it in that form.
If you do not like it so, you can break it out,
or cut it in smaller pieces with a knife, when
nearly cold.

Lay your frame on a level table, or flat
board ; perhaps you had better use the flat
board, for you need some nails or wires driv-
en into it, to hold your frame down close,
that the candy may not run out under it.
Before you fasten the frame down, you will
need to put a sheet of thin paper on your
board, to prevent the candy sticking. Fix
the board exactly level, and you are all ready
to make your candy. If you have many
stocks that need feeding, you can get along
faster, by having several boards with frames
fastened on them. You will need some sort
of a sauce-pan, ( any kind of a tin pan with
a handle attached will do ) tliat will hold
about 10 lbs. of sugar. Put in a little water
— no vinegar, cream of tartar or any thing
of the sort is needed, whatever others may
tell you — and boil it until it is ready to sugar
off. You can determine when this point is
reached, by stirring some in a saucer, or you
can learn to test it as confectioners do, by
dipping your finger in a cup of cold water,
then in the kettle of candy and back into
the water again. When it breaks like egg
shells from the end of your finger, the candy
is just right. Take it off the stove at once,
and as soon as it begins to harden around
the sides, give it a good stirring, and keep it
up imtil it gets so thick that you can just
pour it. Pour it into your frame, and get
in just as much as you can without running
it over. If it is done nicely, the slabs should
look like marble when cold, and should be
almost as clean and dry to handle. If you
omit the stirring, your candy will be clear
like glass, but it will be sticky to handle and

will be very apt to drip. The stirring causes
all the water to be taken up in the crystali-
zation or graining process, and will make
hard dry sugar, of what would have other-
wise been damp or waxy candy. If you
wish to see how nicely it works for feed-
ing bees, just hang out a slab and let the
bees try it. Tliey will carry it all away as
peaceably as they would so much meal in
the spring.

You can feed bees with tliis any day in
the winter, by hanging a frame of it close
up to the cluster of bees. If you put it
into the hive in very cold weather, it would
be well to keep it in a warm room, until
well warmed through. Now remove one of
the outside combs containing no bees, if
you can find such a one, spread the cluster,
and hang the frame in the centre. Cover
the bees at the sides and above, with cush-
ions, and they will l)e all safe. If a colony
needs only a little food, you can let them
lick off what they like, and set the rest away
lantil another time, or until another season.

WHAT KIND OF SUGAR TO USE FOR MA-
KING CANDY.

AVe have generally used the coffee A, but
any of the sugars that are used for feeding
will answer, if we except the new grape or
corn sugar. The bees seem to be quite loth
to use this in any other form than syrup,
and we hardly know why. Common brown,
and maple sugars, work nicely, although it
is plain to be seen that the bees prefer the
better article ; for this reason, we have used
the latter. Coffee A sugar now costs us lie.
by the barrel, and retails for 12c. As we
have to pay a confectioner 2c. for making,
the candy cannot well be sold at retail for
less than loc. As much as i part of wheat
flour can be added to the sugar and it will be
nearly as white and hard, but the labor of
making is very much more, for it must be
boiled very slowly, and stirred to prevent
burning. The bees seem to prefer that con-
taining the flour, and it has the effect of
hastening brood-rearing, like pollen. After
it is stored in combs, it looks like honey
except for a slightly milky or turbid appear-
ance. It has a very perceptible flour taste.
It will, in all probability, be as good or bet-
ter for winter stores; we are at present—
Oct., 1877— taking measures to test it
thoroughly. If rye flour and grape sugar
could be combined so as to make a dry clean
candy or even cake that would be readily
taken by the bees, it seems as if it would be
the bee-keeper's desideratum, so far as
cheapness is concerned ; but altliough the

322

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Dec.

bees take both readily when separate, we
have not as yet succeeded in producing a
''stiifl of life" for the little fellows that will
not cost to exceed .5c. per lb.

CAUTION IN REGARD TO CANDY MAKING.

Before you commence, make up your mind
you will not get one drop of sugar or syrup
on the floor or table. Keep your hands clean,
and every thing else clean, and let the w^o-
inen folks see that men have common sense ;
some of them at least. If you should forget
yourself, and let the (^ndy boil over on the
stove, it would be very apt to get on the
floor, and then you would be very likely to
get "your foot in it," and before you got
through, you might wish you had never
heard of bees or candy either; and your wife,
if she did not say so, might wish she had
never heard of anything that brought a man
into the kitchen. I have had a little experi-
ence in the line of feet sticking to the floor
and snapping at every step you take, and
with door knobs sticking to the fingers when
touched, but it was in the honey house. We
have got a 50 cent stove — came from the tin-
smith's old iron heaii — that has been made
to look quite respectable, and it proves very
handy for melting candied honey, making
candy, warming syrup in cold weather, &c.,
and if you keep a wash basin and towel
near by, and keep the honey house neat and
clean, it is a real pleasure to do all this kind
of work.

n^VSrO^T. {S:rofukiria Nodosa). This
plant is variously known as Square Stalk,
Heal All, Carpenter's Square, Rattle Weed,
&c., the name indicating some of its peculi-
arities, or real or supposed valuable medical
properties. Much has been recently said in
regard to it, under the name of the Simpson
Honey Plant, J. A. Simpson, of Alexis, Ills.,
having first called attention to it.

The engraving given above, will give a
fair idea of it, and will enable any one to
distinguish it at once, if growing in their lo-
cality. The pretty little ball shaped flower,
with a. lip somewhat like the Pitclier plant,
is usually found filled Avith honey, unless the
bees are so numerous as to prevent its accu-
mulation. This honey is of course thin, like
that from clover or other plants, when first
gathered, and is in fact rather sweetened
water, but still it is crude honey, and the
plant promises to furnish a larger quantity
than any thing else I have met with. We
have had one report from a single i)lant un-
der cultivation, and as might be expected,
the (quantity of honey yielded was very much
iucr?ased, and the plant grew to a great

height continuing to bloom and yield honey
for full four months. The little flower when

THE SIMPSON HONEY PLANT.

examined closely, is found to be very beau-
tiful. The following is Mr. Simpson's de-
scription of the plant :

It U a larg-e coarse grower from 4 to 8 feet in
height, coarse leaf, and branchinia: top covered with
innumerable little balls about tht size of No. 1 shot.
When in bloom there is .iust one little tlower leaf on
each ball which is dai-k purple, or violet at the outer
point and lighter as it aupronches the seed 'lall. The
ball has nn opening in it nt the base of the leaf. The
ball is hollow. It is seldom seen in the forenoon
without honey shining in it. Take a branch off and
turn it down with a sharp shake and the honey will
fall in drops. It commen'^es to bloom abo\it the 15th
of.Tulyand remains until frost. Bees fve(pient it
from morning till night. The honey is a little dark,
but of very good quality. I think it would be best
to sow in seed bed and transplant.

It grows in its natural state among brush
heaps, in fence comers, and amid hedges, to
the height of from 8 to 6 feet. The seed is
easily gathered in Sept. and Oct. As they
vary much in size, it is likely that we could,
under ctiltivatiou, produce a variety "with
much larger balls, by a careful selection of
the seeds. In doing this, we should be car:»-
ful to select also such as produce much honey,
and if possible, much good honey. Bees and
plants too, are like wax in our hands, if we
go to work understandingly.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

.S23

CLOVBSL. [Trifolium). The most im-
l)Ortant of the Clovers, commou White Clo-
ver {IVifoUmn liepcns), which everybody
knows, is perhuiis at the liead of the entire
list of lioney producing plants. We could
better spare any of the rest, and I might al-
most say all the rest, than our White Clover
that grows so plentifully as to be almost un-
noticed, almost everywhere. But little ef-
fort has been made to raise it from the seed,
because of the difficulty of collecting and
saving it.

There is a large variety known as White
Dutch Clover, that is sold by our seedsmen,
to some extent. I have not been able to
gatlier whether it is superior to tlie common.
The connnon Red Clover — T, i^ratense —
yields honey largely some seasons, but not
as generally as does the white, nor do the
bees work on it for as long a period. While
working on Red Clover, the bees bring in
small loads of a peculiar dark green pollen,
and by observing this, we can usually tell
when they are bringing in Red Clover
honey. The Italians will often do finely on
Red Clover, while the common black bees
will not even so much as notice it. The
general cultivation is much like that of al-
siKE CLOVER, which sec, but the safest way
for a beginner, is to consult some good farm-
er in his own nt igjiborhood, as different lo-
calities require slightly different treatment.
The same will apply to saving the seed,
which can hardly be saved profitably, with-
out the use of a clover huller, made especi-
ally for the puii^ose.

While most pereons seem to tire, in time,
of almost any one kind of honey, that from
Clover, seems to '' wear" like bread, butter
and potatoes ; for it is the great staple in
the markets, and where one can recommend
his honey as being pure W^hite Clover, he
has said about all he can for it.

There are quite a number of other clover's
t-uch as Lucerne, white and yellow Trefoil,
Alfalfa. Esparcette &c., but none have been
sufficiently tested to warrant recommending
them much. Strong statements are made
in regard to the value of white and yellow
Sweet Clovers, and the former under the
name of Mellilotus Leucantha was quite ex-
tensively sold some yeai-s ago. " From the
fact that those who invested in it gradually
dropped it, I would not advise investing
much money in it to connnence with.
SWEET CLOVER, [3feUiJoUw ulha or 3MUJot),
has some valuable traits, as standing frost,
and drouth, but many times and seasons,
the bees will haixlly notice it at all. The

statement has been made that an acre i will
support 20 colonies of bees, and afford from
,500 to 1000 lbs of lioney. Such statements
are usually made by those ollerin^ the seeds
for sale, and although they may beliouestly
given, I think they should be received with
due allowance ; about 4 lbs of seed are need-
ed for an acre, sow like alsike. It will grow
on almost any ban-en hillside, but it is a
bad weed to exterminate ; if however, it is
mown down to prevent seeding, the roots
will soon die out.

CCZMEB T0TJTSJi>A.T10I<I. Since the
introduction of this fdn, within the past few
years, many difficult points have been solved
completely; such as how to insm-e strait
combs, how to insure all worker comb or all
drone comb, as the case may be, and how to
furnish the bees with the wax they need
without being obliged to secrete it by the
consumption of honey. It is so simple a
matter to make a practical test of it by
hanging a piece in a hive wiien honey is
coming in, that I think I may be excused
from describing the way in which the bees
use it, at any great length. Neither will it
be needful to dwell on the successive steps
by which it was discovered, and brought to
its present state of perfection. The first
mention we have of wax foundations that
were accepted by the bees, was published in
the Gennan Bee-Jounial as far back as 1857.
Mr. J. Mehring, of Erankinthal, Germany,
if I am correct, seems to have been the
original inventor. For nearly 20 years, the
matter seems to have slumbered, although
different ones at different times, among
whom was our friend Wagner, took it up,
made some improvements, and dropped it
again. The sheets made in both England
and Gemiany, had'no sidq, walls, but simply
indentations. Mr. Wagner added shallow
side walls, making it much more like nat-
m-al comb. Until recently, it was all made
with a pair of plates, but it did not require
much wisdom to decide that such an article
if wanted in large quantities, should be rol-
led out by machinery. In the latter part of
1875 I talked with a friend, who is quite an
artist in the way of fine mechanical work
and machinery, and told him what I thought
was wanted. Tlie result was that he made
a machine for me, of wiiich I submit the en-
graving below, that would roll out a con-
tinous sheet, with very fair side walls of
wax, and perhaps superior to any thing be-
fore made. Since then he has made ma-
chines for, not only many parties in our own
country, but they have also been sent to

324

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

both England and Scotland. Mr. A. Wash-
burn, of Medina, O., is the inventor and
manufactixrer of these machines. Many tons
of wax Irave been worked up during the
present year— 1877— and the demand is in-
creasing so steadily, that it is quite probable
the supply of wax will be the only limit to
its manufacture and use.

Many experiments have been made with a
view of substituting something in place of
real bees- wax, such as paraffine, ceresin, and
the like, but all, S3 far, have resulted in fail-
ure. Paraffine will make beautiful fdn., and
the bees will adopt it at once, but as soon as
we have warm summer weather, the beauti-
ful comb will, honey and all, fall down in a
shapeless mass in the bottom of the hive.

HOW TO MAKE THE AVAX SHEETS.

This is done by dipping a sheet of galva-
nized iron in a tall vessel of melted wax.
The wax must be neither too hot nor too
cold, and the dipping plate must be kept
cold, by immersing it in cold water, before
each sheet is dipped. The dipping plate is
about the thickness of a silver dime, and a
handle of wood is fixed to its upper edge.
When the plate is first used, you will prob-
ably have to rub it lightly with soap and
water, to make the wax come off readily,
and you will need to use a little soap at the
upper edge, all the time, to get the sheet
started. As soap seems disagreeable to the
bees, we now dispense with its use entirely,
using instead, a bark to be had of the drug-
gists, called .soap hark. This bark is simply
broken into bits, and thrown into a little
water, until the water becomes sufficiently
soapy. This leaves no trace on the wax
sheets in the way of either taste or smell.
Brush the water over the pl^xte well, to make
it adhere, soap the upper edges, as directed,
and you are ready to plunge it into the melt-
ed wax. When it touches bottom, lift it out
inmiediately, and hold it above the melted
wax imtil you see by its looks, that the wax
has cooled enough to allow it to be dipped
again. We usually dip twice; but if the
wax is pretty warm, you may have to dip
three times. After the last dipping, as soon
as it has ceased to drip, dip it all over in the
tub or tank of cold water. Take it out and
commence to strij) off the sheets. If too hot,
the wax will break, and if too cold, it will
stick; in the latter case you must scrape the
wax off with a knife, and try again. After
a little practice, you will make it go as fast
as the sheets can be handled. Two men and
a boy are needed to work rapidly. One dips,
another takes off the sheets, and the boy

brushes and wipes the dipping plates. Now
your tub of water will very soon get warm,
and as this will not do at all, ice must be
constantly added. If much work is to be
done, a tank made of boards is best, with an
apartment for a block of ice in one end.
Besides, the wax will be rapidly cooled, and
at the same time lowered ; to keep up the
supply, we have a boiler on the stove, with
a honey gate attached. This boiler is made
large enough to take in the ordinary cakes
of wax of commerce, and should be made
deep so as to set down into the stove for the
purpose of getting the advantage of rapid
heating, and to allow all impurities to settle.
Besides this, the boiler must be made doub-
le, and the outer space filled with water, for
if wax is burned in the least, it is utterly
spoiled for comb making. That we may get
only the pure wax, the gate is put in near
the top of the boiler, to allow all tJie impur-
ities to settle to the bottom, and it has a
sheet of fine wire cloth put in so as to strain
the melted wax before it passes through it.
Wax sheeted in this way, is of a light beau-
tiful yellow, and the fdn. is fit for use in the
surplus boxes, without any sort of bleaching.
When you start up, your dipping boiler must
be full of melted wax, and we have this also
made double, with hot water all round it,
that we may set it in the stove in place of
the other when starting. With the above
arrangement and number of hands, 400 lbs.
can easily be dipped in a day. It will re-
quire considerable fuel, and perhaps 200 lbs
of ice, for the day's work. When working
rapidly, the water is apt to boil over on the
stove ; on this account a broad flaring lip
of tin should be soldered to the top edge,
and the inner boiler that holds the wax,
should be carried up pretty high. Separate
lots of wax cannot well be worked alone,
unless of 100 lbs or more ; as the above pro-
cess will make bright wax out of the worst
lookhig, it can hardly be thought desirable,
to work lots separately.

KOT.T.ING THE WAX SHEETS.

The machine shown (p. 3) is one of the
small sized ones for rolling sheets only 5
inches wide. We at first covereil the rolls
with a lathei; made of soap and water, to
prevent the wax sticking, but for the reason
mentioned, slippery elm was substituted for
the soiip, :ind afterward it was found tliat
starch, prepared just as the Avomen use it,
was just as good as anything. When the
rolls are new ; the wax will sometimes both-
er a great deal, but if the i>articles are care-
fully picked out with a quill tooth pick— any

iSBS AM

4

I

:^l f

1 a 9

Our ilth Edition

^Uuslrahd ^ireular | fri§§ $m.

OF

Implements for BeeQiiltiirs withPirections for their Use,

A. I. ROOT, IVIEDBNA, O., DECEMBER 1st, 1877.

W

I

No. 1, shows a Simplicity Hive, single story, with the sheet ot Duck r^^ so as to show the

i iM^"?'^fi.'r ' f^"" ■C'*^^\^^ Cushion is shown in the cover, where it is fastened bv 8 or 10 tacks
« -P nh ia-?,f f^^n" fv" ^y;"' o'^sc'-yc that when the Cushion is thus lastcned in the cover, we
W« m«f n«r „I^, , fH '^r.^*'^?* "' ^■l'"'^ ',*'"'^" "^ ^"- ^- fl"<''^ ''^ose'y o^er the frames that the
„^r,i^ J- ""^ ^^^ ^°^*^ Cushion, or It would be stuck so tightly to the frames that we could never
nmiv cf,!!*' "'-l^L"- E^^ wintering, a much thicker cushion is used, un<,uilted, and j.laccd In an
}nm h^owP;. Ji^'^^'^o® IS shown With the entrance closed, by pushing it back squarely on the bot-
tom board, while Nos. 2 and 3 are pushed forward so as to give a % inch passage for the bees. No.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

2 shows the way in which we contract the entrance
with sawdust, only it needs stamping down a little more.
No 3 is a '2-8tory hive, being simply two bodies one over
the other, with the cover removed, the covers and bot-
tom board? being one and the same thing. In the fore-
ground are seen the four simple pieces of which the
hive is comno^ed. The two large ones, are of course
the side and end of a hive, and the strips lying on
them are the pieces that are nailed under the civ.t, as
will be readily understood by looking at the diagram
on page 7. The iron frame leaning against So. 3, is the
gauge to be slipped over the hives while they are be-
ing nailed. It is, Inside, 20j^ by 16 inches, and is slin-
ped over the hive both top and bottom, like a hoop.
This holds them square and true, and shows when the
stuff is ju^t right. If they just fill the hoops, yon can
be sure that any hive you have will just litany other,
and that it will be exactly right for every frame in the
apiary, it they are also made on a gauge, as they cer-
tainly shoul I be, or at least the stuff should be cut to
fit a gauge.

No 12 is a f ram--? containing 8 section bo-^e^ filled with
■with fdn., aad No, 13 is the same with the tin separa-
tors added. At No. 2 we see one of these frames of
sections at each outride of the hive ; this is the way
In which we arrange a single story for comb honey,
leaving the brood in the middle. At No. 3 the whole
upper story is supposed to be filled with these frames
of sections. No. II is a metal-cornered frame filled
wita fdn., and a transferring clasp, No. 23, is shown
pus'ied down on tho top bar, as they are usod.

At No. 14 we ha,?e a frame of fancy sections. The
fdn. is put in these by pushing them aparr,, and catch-
ing it bet veei tii; tVo % boards of which thev are
made. No. 16 is the Qainby smoker, and No. 17 is the
Doolittle smoker. No. 19 Is a quart feeder. We should
have added, la the proper place, that the artist has
pat quite a number of wires on the grape vine trellis,
while but 3 are reallv needed. The grape vines are
also heavy with foliage toward the top of the posts,
during the hottest weat ler.

OUR P3,ICS LIST rOS, 1378.

Bee keepers who are ready and willing to work for their
honey, we believe are all busy, and are all so far as we
know, realizing as fair a reward for the time and capital
invested, as in other kinds of business. A few of the most
keen and enterprising, are, as in ajl kinds of business, far
outstripping the rest, and i; rests with you alone, my
friend, to determine what place in the ranks you will oc-
cupy. Just one piece of advice : However attractive the
wares may seem that we are about to describe, we would
say, don't get in debt for them ; if you haven't the money
to purchase, don't buy until you get it. Be humble and
satisfied with little, and let your apiary grow of itself, and
be self-sustaining. I say this because I really do not wish
you to be disappointed. If you study the subject and be-
come thoroughly familiar with the bees by actual work
among them, both capital and bees will come as fast as
you can handle either. I want to see you all prosper, and
to do so, you must be cheerful, courageous and indepen-
dent ; above all, don't get crazy and extravagant if you
should happen to get S25 or £50, as the proceeds of one
colony in a season ; prosperity is sometimes harder to bear
than adversity.

IMFLEME.NTS TOR THE APIAUT.

We have carelully thrown out or remodeled every-
thing in our list found in any way defective, and we
offer nothing that we do not approve of and use in
our own aoiary.

We can ship promptly, by Freight, Express or Mall,
(none maila'ole except those designated,) (roods men-
tioned in the list in every number of Gleanings.
Hives, Extractors, &c., can be sent much cheaper by
Freight, bat In t lis case they should be ordered three
or four weeks before needed, If the distance is con-
siderable. During the months of April, May and
June, orders may somotimes bo delayed several days,
but our customers may rely upon receiving notice at
once on rcculst of all remittances.

At tile prices given in this list, cash must accom-
pany every order ; as the sending of goods, C. O. D.,
entails an additional expense, and goods sometimes
fall to be taken, we really dislike to send them thus,
but If you are content to pav from 25 cents to 51 to the
Express compmy to bring us the nioncv, (which
could be sent by P. (). Order for 10 cents,) we will send

them C. O. D. when desired. Orders for frames or
hives of dimensions differing from those named, will
also be liable to some additional delay, especially du-
ring the "honey months."

EATE AT WrriGH "WE CAJf PREPAY EXPRESS CFTAKcJES.

Cover. Hive. Extractor.

New York §.60 $.73 $1-00

Chicago 55 .65 .9f>

San Francisoo S.OO 4.00 5.75

New Orlems 1.60 2.00 2.75

Gilvejton 1.99 2.35 3.20

HOW TO SEND MONET.

If you do not wish to taJce any risk of loss, asnd P. O.
Drier, registered letter, or get a N. Y. Draft, But as
all these wags are expensive, especialyfors)mill.a»toiints,
I will make a suggestion. Probably not more than one
letter in a thousand, is lost in the mail but to be on the
safe side, we will assume that one in a huiulred will be
lost. The cheapest way is to get a Money Order, but
evin at thelow price o/lO cents, roe pay $10. to have the
one hundred letters safe, besides tite trouble of getting^
the Order. Had you put glO. in each of the hundred let-
ters, an<l lost one of them you loould have been no more
out of pocket. This toould show that it only pays to reg-
ister amounts exceeding ^IQ. To make it a little safer,
call it S5., and we have for years sent all sums of less
than 55., in th-e letters, and we have saved in fees, far
more than the amount lost, besides saving our friends
who recived it, tiie trouble of getting it casJied. This
plan only applies to psnoivi of known integrity, for
wlien the money is sent, they may if disposed, say theif
■never received it. If you do U'A knoiv MB, you had bet-
ter not send me any loose money, for I ma,y be only writ-
ing this t" get the advantage. Do you ask why 1 do not
stand tIte loss myself if it is only one letter in one hun-
dred/ I wotdd cheerfully do this,were I not indanger of
doing harm by m-aking such a proposal in a public cir-
cular, for it tcould be too much like leaving the door to
one's store open all night. Besides, I shoid.d have to
charge a little more for goods, if I stood ALL. losses. I
wotdd advise all to dobusiiwss with as much economy as
possible, but wh-en losses come, I think it btst that we
each bear our share of them, cheerfully.

We always consider it an especial favor to have cus-
tomers inform us by postal card lohether goods are sat-
isfactory; xvhetJier our mode of packing.isejficient; time
taken in transit; whetlier Exjjress or Freight charges
were reasonable, et-c., etc.

Respectfully, A. I. ROOT, Medina, O.

IMFI.EMEXTS, AND SUPPLIES FOR
THE APIARY.

To avoid useless repetition, this price list contains
only farther explanations of the (iriicles given al-
plmbetically, in every No. Gl'-^aninqs; therefore
if you wish a list of all the articles loe keep for
sale, you are to look tliere for it.

BEE-KEEPER'S MEDLET.

This is a fine large photograjih, size 11x11, containing ex-
cellent, large photographs of ootb Liangslroth and Quinb.v,
besides good sized pictures of almost all thij prominent
bee-keepers and writers for the Bee Journals. The nan'.e
of e.ach is plainl.v printed on it and as it contains over
150 pictures, it makes a vory pleasant study, especiall,v af-
ter having followed those friends in their writings as we
have mTii.v of them, for .vears. Think of havirnt a good
)ihoto of Hetherington, Grimm. Doolittle, Holin, Prof.
Cook, Dadant, Dean, Davis, Gallup, Ivitie Grimm, Mrs.
Harrison, Dr. Hamlin, Muth, Nellis, Nesbit, Wanner,
Prof. Kirtland, Parsons, Carey, and cnouitli more to near-
ly fill this page, all sent safely for only .■;?1,00.

BEES.

Bees, full colony amply provided for winter, in
our new two story, chaff hive (described Nov. and
Deo.No's .. '76), tested queen from imported mother,
safe arriv.al guaranteed. .(Lawn hive §1 more.) . .§15 00

I The same in a 1 story Simplicitv hive 13 00

1 The same in old style L. hive with portico, etc. 12 00

I The same with hybrid queen 10 00

I Not i)rovisioned for winter (hybrids in old hive) 7 00

I Two frame nucleus with tested queen 5 50

I " " The same with dollar queen.... 4 00
Por an imported queen in an.v of the above, add ?r),00
W(! think we can prepare bees for shipping safely any
month i'l the year; when we fail in so doing,we will give
due notice.

1B77.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

COMB FOUNDATION.

PURE BEES WAX.

Packed in iieut wooden boxes — pupor between every

two sheets. per lb. per pckif.

1 Ib.Oxt!, \\y mail 80c 80

3" l*xl8 or SxlGJi, by mail 80c $2 40

3" " " bj freight or exp. 58c 1 Vo

5 " " " " " " .. 55c 2 TS

10 " " " •" •• " . . 55c 5 50

25 " " " " " •" . . 53c 13 25

50 " " " " -' " - • 52e 26 00

100 " " " " " •" • • 50c 60 a)

500 " " " " " " . • 4«c 240 00

1000 " " " " " " . . 45c 450 00

White wax, 25c per lb. extra, if wanted, but we consider
the yellow in every respect preferable; even for comb
boney.

The fdn. is kept iii stock, in sheets 12x18 inches, ajid
SxlGK incht-s [exact size needed for L. brood frames]
jmcked in boxes of 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 lbs. each, and
$hipi«d only ill these boxes at the above prices.

There are ^ cells to the inch, and one pound of wax
mjikes from 4 to .'• square feet of surface. The thmnest
will be u.^ed bj the tees, but is not made into comb as
quickly as the heavier, which has a giealer depth of cell.

If GO lbs. are wanted, send money for a 10 lb. box and a
50 lb. box, .ic. The difference in price is only enough to
cover the dillerence in cost of boxing, packing, &c.; five 10
lb. boxes, and packing, handling and nailinj; rp live box-
«s, cost much more ihan one 50 lb. box, and packing,
iaandling s.iid nailing up ore box.

As these packages are all put up and kept in stock,
there cati I e no variation, unless at an additional price.

Now, my friends, if you want all sorts of quantities, or
want it cut all sons of sizes, 1 will accommodate you with
3ill the pleasure in the world, for ten cts. per lb. extba.

Wax will be worked up to order, and cut into sheets of
any size des^ired, lor 25c per lb. in quantities of 1(K) lbs. or
more.

We will pay 80c per lb. cash for bright yellow wax, or
sell it for S5c.

At above prices we can pay no express or freight
charges either way.

FOUNDATION ^lACIIINE WITH 5 INCH KOLLS.

Comt Foundation Machines.

Machines for making sheets 1 loot wide - ?100 00
Exjiressly for L. frame. VI inches wide - 50' (Kl

For makings inches for section boxea - 35 00

Double Boiler for above machines, - ?3.0Q, 3.50 and 4.tH)
Dippinpr elates per j;air. - - 5^1.00, 1..50 and 2.1X)
The above prices are for cells 4>< or 5 to the inch.
If drone size is wanted, add SIO, .?.^ and .53 respectively
to above jirices. The machines are all ready for use,
and tall instructions will be sent to each iiurchaser.
Address, A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

We have sold ?35.00 machines for making comb foun-
dation to

llev. J. Van Eaton, York, N. Y. ; Lewis Walker, Ventu-
ra, €al. ; a. M. Dale. Border Plains, Iowa ; G. W. Gates,
Bartlett, Tenn.; A. Salisbury. Cumargo. Ills.; C. F. Lane,
Koshk< iiong, Wis. ; Wm. S. Hersi'erger. Jefl'erson, Md. ;
Wm. liiatt. LilT, by Dundee, Scotland ; W. S. Boyd, Beth-
any, O. ; W. R. Bishop, Sherwccd. Wis.; Dr. J. B.
Hawkes. Arlington Heights, Ills. ; A. W. Foreman. M. D.,
White Hall, Ills.; Mrs. M.D. Minor. Port .Tackson. N. Y.;
C. M. Joslin. M. D., St. Chiirles, Mich.; Geo. B. Wallace,
San Beniardhio, Cal., C. L. Johnston, Danville, Pa.; J. F.
Flory, Modesto, Cal.

A f;j8.00 (5 inch dioiie ccmb) machine to J. H. Nellis,
Canajoharie, N. Y.

Nine inch ^50.00 machines, to C. R. Carlin. Bayou
Goula, La. ; Jno. Hunter, .') Eaton Rise, Ealing, ilnglMid ;
,1. B. Stevenson, San Bernaixiino, Cal.; J. E. Crane, Brid-
port, Vt.

Twelve inch ^100.00 machines, to CO. Perriiie, Chicago,
Ills.; D. A. Jones, Beelon, Ont., Canada; J. Madory,
Los Angeles, Cal. ; J. H. Nellis, Canajoharie, N. Y.

HOW TO FASTEN SHEETS OF EDS. IN THE
BROOD FRAMES

The melted wax plan.

Set a common small lamp in a tall box with one open
side, having cofiree wire clcth nsilfcl over the top.
Place en the wire cloth a cup containirg wax. Keep
the wax jnst melted, by turr.ir.g the If.nr j) wick up or
down. Now, with n pencil brush yen car put ihe mel-
ted wax neatly just where you want it. Fit a board so
that it will slip into your IrEme jnst half way, and lay
your sheet of fdn. on" this, Tvith its upper edge close
against the top bar; brush the wax alorg the joint, slip
out the board and hang Ihe fi ame in a hive. After a
little practice vru will do them ouite rapidly, and
think It is just iun. It is spid that the Idn.. to prevent
sagging, should go In the Iramc in such awsy thrtihe
walls of the cells run up and down, irstcjid of diagon-
ally. Our sheets are all made fcrthe L. Irames in that
way.

The plan we prefer.

If wax is nibbed hard against a piece of dry wood,
at ordinary temperatures, it wil! .'lOhere almostss well
as if put on in a melted state. Therefore, all we have
to do to fasten it in the trames. is to lay it in place, and
press the edge against the comb guide with the flngers,
until it sticks moderately. Now take a tnifeor screw-
driver, and rub it down haid. To prevent the wax
from sticking to the tool, dip it in either starch or hon-
ey : we use the latter be cav.sc it is hardier. One comer
of the tool should go clear dew n to the wood, at the
last stroke to make a " sure thing" of it. The fdn.
should reach within )£ inch of the er,d bars, and with-
in f, as a general rule, of the l.otlcm bar. This space
is needed to allow the sheets to stretch as it is being
worked cut, which it always dees more or less. Some
lots of wax will stretch scf.rcely percfptibly, -while
others will to the extent we tave mentioned; and as
it is desirable to have the sheet hang clear cf the bot-
tom bar when the cells aie dr?.wn out full lergth.we
think bf St to eive the amount of space below we have
mentioned. The icascn is. that the ccmbs will bulge
it there is any stretching after they have touched the
bottom bar. To put the sheets in rapidly, you will
need a board cut so as to just fit inside the frame, and
reach up as far ns the comb guide. Lay the sheet en
this, close up to the top bar, and stroke it dov n to the
comb guide, as we have directed. If your Jrames are
made without a ccmb guide, yen can fasten the sheet
to the topbarin the sameway, and then give it a quarter
turn, so tbat it will hang straight down. As fast as
the frames are tilled, they should be hurg in a hive,
to be secure from injury. If you do not make the above
plan work to suit yon, you can fasten the sheets by
tacking a strip of wood about }a by % into the lop bar,
while the upper edge of the sheet is between ihcm;
this strip should be put on in such a waj- that the Idn.
hangs straight down under the center of the top bar.
For putting fdn. into the section frames or into boxes,
make a saw cut nearly through the strff of w hich the
top ismade, where you wish the sheet to harg. Before
this piece is fastened in place, bend the wood back-
ward in such a way as to open the saw cut, slip in the
edge of the sheet, close up the cut, and it is secure.
CORimS^S, METAL, rOK TRAME
MAKING.

Perhaps the readiest way of under-slandnig all about
these, will be to order a sample frame, which we send by
mail with a bit of rabbet and sample trans-lening clasp,
for 15c. For the convenience of those who do not get the
idea at once, we submit the following diagram : Also see
Engraving on front cover.

GLEANINGS IK BEE CULTUKE.

Dec.

METAL COBNEK, AND ITS POSITION IN THE HIVE.

The en:;rivin2; is full 3iz9. The % board B, is supoosed
to be the end of the hive. A is a section of the met il rab-
bet, and C is the corner, raised a little from its plnce as
it rests on the rabbet. The space E between the frame
and the end of the hive, should be about % of an inch, as
e xplained below. F shows the bevel and shoulder, shown
on the front cover and also under section boxes; this is to
prevent wind or rain from Retting through, when the hives
or covers are piled up two or more stories hi,?h.

It will be observed that the frame is supported entirely
on knife edxes crossni^ each other at riurht angles, making
it impossible for the bees to wax the frame fast, and al-
most impossible for you to pinch a bee in putting the
frame down, even if you take no pains at all, to get them
out of the wav. We prefer to have the tin rabbet reach up
above the end of the corner as at A, because the bees are
so much less dispo-ied to try to propolize the bright tin;
also when lep'acing the frames, the corner arms glide
smoothly into place as soon as they strike the rabbet. The
rabbet may be used without the corners, or the corners
may be used without the rabbet, but neither of them alone
give us a frame so perfectly movable ; and as wood is al-
ways giving more or less, they can not hang perfectly true.
Neither can a frame be slid on the rabbets up to its place
as quietly as when all the bearings are of metal.

HOW TO MAKE THE ERAMHS.

Our frames were first made of strips of straight grained
pine, only }a of an inch in thickness, and it is surprising
to see how well such combs have stood. On one occasion
a number of these heavily filled with honey fell from the
top of a barrel, yet not a corner was injured, and not a
comb broken ; these were Gallup frames, however, only
llixllj. For the Langstroth frames, we now make the
too bar about 10-32, f^nd all the rest of the frame 7-32.
Adair, American, and Gallup frames are all made of 7-32
stuff throughout. The Quinhy size may have a f top bar,
but the bottom bars might all be not more than i, were it
not that the frames m ly be sometimes used for transfer-
rins:, and that the weight of the combs would sag the
bottom bar, which is a very bad feature, if we wish to
work closely and avoid ki'lins' bees. The top bars would
not require so m iich wood were it not that honey boxes
are sometimes placed on them, and it is advisable to be en
the safe side. When we depend entirely on the use of
the extractor, we would prefer a space of half an inch be-
tween the ends of the frames ; but for box honey, small
bits of comb will be Vmilt in this space, more than will be
the case if J only is allowed. It requires n verii careful
operator to work fast, and avoid pinching bees, when only
i or I inch is allowed.

The two following cuts may assist some in putting on
the metal corners :

Fig. 1.

A

Fig. 2.

r>.

A

Figure 1, represents the points ready to be closed down
and clinched into the wood, vvhich is represented by the
dotted lines A. A. Fig. 2, shows a point hadlv clinched at
B, and one perfectly driven down at C. The line D, shows
the direction in which the finishing blow of the hammer
Kstohe given; in fact this blow should sink the metal
slightly into the corner of the wood, drawing it up tisjlit
at the side C, and on no account lettin',' it bulge out at B,
nor allowins the point to curl nn. A liirbt. properly made
hammer and a little practice will enable any one to make
every point like C. Should you get one done badlv,
.you can with apnirof plyers ;4raischtenit outandwa/ceitgo
right. The objection has frequently been made that
this takes more time than to nail them; oven if this were
so, we are enabled to employ girls or other cheap hdp(we
bes? oardon 1-idios. but we never yet saw a community that
did not furnish more or less females, who would be glad
to got some such light work), who could not possibly nail
good frames; then after they are done, their suiierior
str-ingth and lightness compared with nailed frames, fully
make up the difference in price. We will send you a sarti-
ple frame by mail, just as we would have it, for 15 cents,

(American and Gallup size 12 cts.) including sample of
rabbet and transferring clasp and you can test it by the
si<Je of your own frame in your hive. If the nailed ones
do not seem awkward after using it, you, of course need
not invest any further. See our price list, for further par-
ticulars.

The metal corners were patented June 18th' 1872, but
we have "repented,'' and hereby give the invention free-
ly to our readers. If any one can make them cheaper than
we do, we will try to rejoice, because it will benefit the
people.

EXTRACTOnS.

One important point is that all machines, to work to
the best advantage, should be so made that the frame
may hang in them just as it hangs in the hive, it we
except the L. and tj. frames, and all having a length un-
der the top bar greater than 14 inches. It may be im-
possible for lis to give all the reasons for thig now, but
we hoi)e you will take our word for it when we say
there arc very good reasons fur standing a frame oh
end in the Extractor when the length is much greater
than the depth.

We have before explained that we have our castings
made to fit two different sized cans, viz., 17 and 20 in-
ches, and we will now further state that we make the
cans also of two dittV-rcnt heights. To work nicely, the
frame needs about the same amount of room to hang
in the Extractor, that it has in the hive; to do this
there seems to be no other way than to make every
Extractor to fit the hive ii is in'tended for. Of course
you can use tiiem otherwise, but we are well satisfied
that the cumbrous machines now in use, are many of
them destined to be soon laid aside for the more mod-
ern kind.

DIAGRAM OF PRINCIPAL FRAMES IN USE.

Figures given are outside dimensions in inches. Sus-
pended frames have % inch supportinrj arms, or an
equal prolongation of top bar.

QUINBY.

Langstkoth.

ADAIU.

10. 's
Closed end Quinby.

INDEX TO VOL. V.

A B C of Bee Culture .125, 153, 181, 209, 237, 265, 293, ;G0

Advertising, Does it Pay ? 90

Apiarv, Circular i.r,o

" Float injr and Railway, .....'.'."..'.'. 132

•* Lawn Hue j27

" Monogonal ."..[[..][..[.... 167

" Vineyard ...!.',.... i26

*' House .' ............. .... .124, 129

*• " Corncrib .i. ......... .. 105, lij;^

" Ventilation of 11

" Will it pay to build one 46

^' ^" With thin walls 22,119

" Dadant's, A Visit to 90

■** Hayhurst's 259

" Hill's .1, 26

" Math's ,'.30

" Our own .' 124

'• Of Common bees,— 200 colonies. . . . . . . . . '. '. . . . . . .38

•* Which Style to adopt 293

Apiaries, Several, how to manage 293

Aphides o^l

Arkansas Queries from i47

Barrels, Waxing .97, 269

Bass wood trees ..][..^y..]. ...... .270' 294

Bees, Albino '.2';5

'* All about them !..!.'..."...!.!. 297

" And Frogs 118

" Attacking their own Queen ........ . . . . . . . . . . .133

" Black Vs. Italians for White comb Honey. . .105

Bread and Molasses for 280

" Carrying, Implement for ..!........ 91

" Confining to Hives i05

'' Contrary 331

'" Cross, and the remedy. . ..... ............ .234, 275

■*' " And wh.y so -£29

■" Deserting in the Spring .96

*' Disturbing during cold weather 11, 151, 162

" Dividing after Honey Season is over 219

•*' Fastening in Hives in Winter 19,151

" Freezing 73, 96

■" Getting away from Stores in Winter 11

^' Hiving, anew Bee-bob 315

•' How long they live ? 7

" Many Stocks can be kept ill one place ?.. 73

l[ " " In the U.S.? 136

" " " A Hive at once ? 179

" To have all pure (Sell the bad ones) 120

■" Increase Extraordinarv 39

*' In Houses and Groceries 290

■" Italian 207

" Their markings .'!!!!.'!.' .".'isiS, 325

■" " Versus Black 46

*' Lazy 117

*' What to do with them 315

■*' Mortality of in York State 179

" Moving 50, 103, 109, 124, 162

On a Rampage .• .224

" Shares [',[', "i(J4,"320

" Poisoning by cheap Molasses 48

" Purchasing 100

" Red Birds eating them ! ! 152

*' "Robbing," 190

*' Shipping in hot Weather ..246

"" Smothering 276

*' Stopping when " Emigrating," 2i'!

■" That will hang out 231, 235

" Not protect their Stores 40

" Too much Fussing with 148

" Uniting 73, us, 123, 260

Worker, Age of 4t>

" " Young Killing 274

^' 270,000 In 3 Months .44

" 34 Colonies fi-om Two in one Season 102, 117

" 12 Swarms " one " " " 74

Bees on the Prairie ; A poem 46, 72

Bee Dress, What we need &c 293

" Eater or Asilus Missouriensis 276

" Hunting 265

" In Texas .315

'* " " The Mountains 331

" Moth ?4, 095

" Eggs of ^ 47

" " Worms and Pollen 74

" " On Section bexes 245

*' Sting Remedies 94, 236

' ' Thieves, Remedy for 40

" Tongue and leg. Illustrated 328

" Tree, Cutting 90

" *' How to get the bees 20

Beginners, Doolittles advice to 123

" Warning to 101, ?M

Beginnings, Small 33

Blasted Hopes 66, llf), 167. 195, 224, 231, 279, 301

" " Friend Bolin's Remedy 167

Boy Bee-keepers 110, 2;U

Brood Apartment 106

" Bees Honey comb ; ■ 52

" Ext'd. Honey for Sections v289

" InSpring 6tt

" '^ Winter...., 19

" Combs, Extrqcting from 1C6, 123

" " How many V -^^

" Foul, and Salicylic Acid !j: , : 6, 192, i03

*' " How to know f 01

T Cured it £29

" " Remedy for 69

" In Section boxes ^^75

" Nest, Temperature for '• 5, 150

" Rearing, And Spring dwindling 151

" I^n.. m

" " As early as Christmas 44

'* " In Winter undesirable 75

" Spreading €9, 106

" Temperature at which injured 191

California 70, 13:^ 2: 1, f 60

Candy for bees. How to make '.!:', .' 20, ci9

Carpeting a Substitute for Quilts 58

Cells How many to the inch e4, 59

" Position of -22

Cellars, Disturbing bees in !£1, 16'.,

" Fastening bees in Hives in 151.

" Handling bees in 50

" Ventilation of 49

" Wintering, A model 62

Chaff 102

" Cushions 289

" " Division Boards :5, £9

" " " " How to make 11, £00

*• " Hair Mattresses Versus 91

" Hives i08, 218

*' " How to make inside 8

*' " Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer 180

" Or Straw under the bees 95

" Packing :>8, 63, 64, 69, 119

" " Reports 164

" Raising 73

" Remedy for Spring dwindling 5, 44

*' The first complaint 78

Comb Building ; 5, 47

" Basket 214

" Drone, Too much S7

*' " How to get l:\44

*' " Starters 44

" Feeding to bees 92

" Guides, triangular 49

" Natural, Varies in thickness P2

Combs, Breaking in Winter 101

" From bees that have died l£4

" Guide, How to fasten 17, £7

" New, drone larvae in !• 5

" Straight, How to get 14,:9

" Thick and thin 62

Comb Fdn 2O8, i.19

" And Bulging 22

" " Brood-rearing 167

" For comb Honey 317

" How to fasten in Frames 9, 168

Make 41,42,168,323

" Machinery for Making 10,104

" Making, Starch Vs. Slippery Elm 235

'• Of cloth. Paper, &c 64

" Positic:n of the cells -3

" Stretching or sagging 231, 251

" The only Complaint of the Season 176

■" White and Yellow 203

*' Wh.y refused by bees 38

Covers, Good ones 124, 178

" Hinging 85

Division Boards, Chaff 11, 35, 39, SCO

" Cloth-lined 121

Doolittle's Report 263

" Smoker 176

" System 7, 12, 37, 97, 121, 123

Drones 13, 44, 97, 135, 162, 189. 220, 2S6, 274, 319

" Reared in Queen cells 330

Duck. Enanieled cloth instead of 330

" Grain Bags instead of 162

Dwindling, Spring 5, 44, 75, 151, 163, 189

Dysentery 75, 86

Enameled cloth for covering the Frames 330

Engines, Small, Vs. footpower 204

Entrances at Sides or Ends of Frames 77

" Closing in Winter 44

" Halfway up 35

" Winter 251

Extracting From brood Combs 123

" When to do it s9

Extractor, Will it pay to buy one ? 45

Feed, How to : 238

Feeder, Illustrated 238

" Under top bar 94

Feeding 237

INDEX TO YOL. V.

" Meal 1->4,147

" Stimulative 20, 134

Fertile Workers 49, 162

Frames, At fixed distances 19

" L. for Wintering 205

" " Use them 96

" Of Different sizes in same Apiary 40

" " Sections, Large Vs. Small 4-J

" Position in Hive 24T

" Section, inside of Large Frames 15

" Support for ends of 119

" Tall and Shallow 302

" Turning around for Wintering 92

" Who can Solve the Problem ? 36

" Wide and Narrow top Bars 124

" Without bottom Bars 68

Gates, Honey, 66, 164

Gauges for common Shears 76

" Iron, for Hive making 168

Germany 17, 61, 17T

Gloves 149

" How they work. 120

" In the Apiary 217

Grapes 42, 291

Grape Sugar 120, 272, 280, 301, 318

Hetherington's Honey crop 336

Hive, Bar &c 136

" Box 95, 163

" Broad 99

" Chaff 8, 180

" Frame, Bar or box 45, 63, 76

" Lawn 178

" Long 91

" Simplicity 15, 43, 50, l2l

" Straw, and American Cheese boxes 10

Hives, Arrangement of 89

" A talk about 92, 33i

" Covers of Calico for , .248

" Desertion of in Spring 164

" Discarded, What to do with 17

" Moving Closer together 73

" Opening often 50

" Patent .65

" Roofs, Leaky ii92

" Movable 316

" Shading with pole Beans 92

" Si^.e of. Exactness 67

" Stands for 109

" The best, Just where to find 3i

" Thick and thin 230

" ITp))er stories, Fixed on Stationary 316

" With Double ends 92

Honey. Apple Blossom, How to utilize it 7

" BlueThistle 300

" Corn 245

" Cotton Plant 74, Xi6

" Teasel :«i

" Bo.xes, of Paper 102

Section. . .7, 8. 9. 12. 15, 34, 48, 66, 73. 92, 104, 119,

121, lU, 175, 190. 203, 216, 223, 245, 289, 290.

" " '• Frames of 15, 42

" " Side and top 47

" Ventilating 93

" When to put on 7

" Cases. Varnishing 245

" Column 251. 308

" Comb 7, 12, 37, 105, 207, 325

" " Embossing 276

.. How to do it 332

How many cubic inches in a lb? 25

.. 100 lbs. to the Colony 18

.. 4'/2 In. Thick 208

. . Dew 218, 119, .S36

.. For Winter stores 345

. . Extracted, in tin cases 23

.. Vs. Comb 74,102

. . Plants, Asters 371

.. Basswood 270,294

. . Bcrgamot, wild 6

.. BlueThistle 300

. . Borage 320

.. Buckwheat 6,299

.. Button Bush 247

.. Catnip. „ 308,339

.. Climbing Vinos for 317

.. Clover 328

.. Figwort 323

. . Lucerne 318

. . Poplar 318

.. Rape 308

. . Rocky Mountain bee Plant 10, 308

. . Simpson's (Carpenter's Square) 136.

178,393,333

Sumac 347

.. Sweet Clover 318.336,373

. . When to sow the Seeds 37

. . Amount consumed in Winter 38, 59

. . Average Yield for Colony 66

. . Bitter, and where it comes from 31S

. . Building up Home market for 46

. . Fermentation of 388, 389'

. . For Cooking purposes 363'

. . Great Yields, is it the Hive 290'

.. How to get from box Hive 41

Out of the Hive 8,310

.. Nottogetit 20

.. To sell 18.66

. . In Jars and vases 276

.. Marketing 209'

. . Medicated, a Suggestion 318

. . Producing, &c 180

. . " Raw," 24&

.. Ripening 10*, 135,304

.. Su! plus, In full sized Frames 6

.. Thatwoirt candy 11.62

. . To prevent candying 330, 329

. . Too much. Just enough 7, 217, 318

. . Very thick 164

.. Weight per Gallon 33'>

Humbugs and Swindles 16. 131, 180, 334, 392

Importing Queens 30, 351

Imported Stock 330

Italians 307

.. And Hybrids 388

. . Long cold Winters 361

. . Black bees, Vs 105

. . Distance they Fly 330

. . Vs. Black bees. 46

Italianizing, How best to do it 31. 35

Knives, Honey 304

.. How to curve the Blade 70

Little " Sunbeam " 67

Mats, Straw 49

McConnel's Discovery 136

Mice 68, 190

Notes and Queries 35, 53, 70, 108, 196, 334,345, 336

Nuclei 177

. . How to Winter 16

. . Wintering, and how it Usually turns out — 234

Obituary 168, 336

"Our Clearing." 72

Friends in the South, &c 33.'>

Overstocking 331

Patent Right Bee-hives 65

Pictures, Value of 375

Pollen 74

. . Artificial 75

. . Illustrated 338

Propolis 50

. . To avoid. Tin Vs. wood 103

.. Vs. Sticking plaster 22

Queen cages. How to make 313

. . Caging for Shipment 393

Queens Artificial 148

. . Dollar 100, 177

. . Duplicating Themselves 316

. . How many Eggs should they lay 7. 99

. . To keep out of upper story 373

. . Importing 30

. . Imported 149, 363, M6, 313, 331

. . Introducing. .46, 70, 10:3. 118. 177, 103. 317,

347. 373. 383. 301. 303,

. . Laying, Do they go a Visiting ? 334

.. Mailing in winter 34

Marking Hives for 190

. . Reared in Nuclei 133

Sept. and Oct tl02

Saving During their flight : 117

.. Tested, Warranted and dollar 100

.. That want lay 191,364

. . Virgin, Moving Colonies with 303

.. Introducing 71.103

.. Selling 54

. . Wings, Clipping 17. 99. i;}5, 191, 313

. . Why they refuse to lay in some combs 100

Queened, Colonies that wont ba 348

Queenloss Colonies in April .98

. . Hive, How to know 303

. . Stocks, Making during Honey Season 148

Quilts -68

. . Burlap and grain Bags for 163, 303

. . Carpeting for 98

Recicpts. Are they to be bought and sold ? 94

Report, Bolin's ?■ ■ 151

. . Doolittle's 363

. . For 19 Years -67

. . From Michigan 3|9

.. Grimm's 1*^

McMaster's ^

"Rights" and wrongs 93

Robbing, How to stop i ■;.„„

Salicylic Acid and foul brood 33, 36, 193, 303

INDEX TO VOL. V.

Saws, Foot power 121, 175

And how to Use Tliom 57

fl Siniill Steam Euglnes Vs '^M
iiw-Du8t, ami Toada *W

.. Utilitv of 21!t

Separators 48, 104, 319

Tin, How to use 10

Shade, How to work In ^^

Smokers 124, 1«1. 310

. . Fuel sor 241

.. Howt)flx thorn l*!*

.. Qiiinbv. Not patented 49

. . The. I Prefer 343

Sorpum Mills 8

Starvation 05

Stores, Uncapped &c l**"'

Sugar, Grape 120, 272, 280, 301, 318

.. For 3'/2C. per lb 120

. . Of commerce; Is it adulterated ? K4

. . Winleri !ij? on 38; 48

Swarm; Hiving- on one's head 41

How many bees make one 30

Swarms; Absconding- 319

How to Hive them 39

.. Late 18i»

. . New 178; 248

Giving c;ombs and Honey &c 134

Swarming; After; How to prevent 151

And Tninsf erring in Winter -76

.. Excessive 304

Fever; How to tell it 17

. How to prevent 18. 164

. . Natural and Artificial 7, 39, IKJ, 180

.. Vs. Aititicial 101,10:$.148

. . Out in the Spring 78; 154

The '• Gohoppers ; A Poem 73

Toads eat bees 191, 207, 216

A plea for them J532

Transferring; and April Supplement. . .336

In winter 76; 90

On novel plan 75

Turnips for bees 333

Ventilation 11, 35; 49; 93; 178

Wax; How to keep cakes of from cracking 373

Pure; no Substitute 23; 324

Wiuxing Barrels • . .97; 369

Winter bee Houses 46; 66; 69

Entrances 3.51

How to for .50c. per Colony 380

.... Prepare bees for 6,259,307

Wintering 374

A model cellar for 63

In hay 319

The South 376

Nuclei 16: 3:34

On Sugar 38; 48

Out Door 262; 106

Temperature for 304

Zinc and Galvanized Iron 220

Poisonous Properties of 333

Index to Advertisements.

Apiary. Mrs. K Klmpton, Sept.
Artllicial Coiiilj. A I Koot, vear. G M Dale,
Mar, Apr. June. Aug, & Sept. J H Nellls, Mar. to
Dec. C O Perrine. Jan. to Aug. C R Isham, May.
Uces. Dr. J P II Brown, year. Ch. Dadant & Co.
Jan. to Sept. J M C Taylor, Jan. J Oatnian & Co.
Jan. to Mch. H Ilalnes; Feb. E W Hale, Feb. to
Oct. C C Vauphan, Mar. to July. Mrs. A Grimm
Mar. to May. W W Cary, Mar. to Oct. Kutus Mor-
sran, Feb. to Apr. J M Marvin, Mar. & Apr. J M
Brooks A Bro, Apr. to Sep. M Parse, Apr. to July.
L C Root, Apr. to (Jet. D A Pike, May. & June.
A I Root, year. E E Shattuck, June, to Sep. T G
McGaw, June, to Aug. w R Irish, June. T B Par-
ker, June. S S Hammitt, Jr. .Sept. K V Blakeslee,
Tune, to Oct. Geo. Grimm, Sep. A. Potter, Sep & Oct.
J H Townlev. .Sept. A Oct. O II Townsend, Sep to Nov.
Bees- Wax;. Eckerman & Will. Jan. to June.
Auk. to Dec.

Hinders. A I Root, year.
Oom"bs. F T Nunn, Apr. to Aug.
Coml> i^ln. l»I:»cliiiies. A I Root, year.
A J King & Co. Mar. A Apr.

I^xtx'actors. A I Root, year. M Richardson.
Mar. & Apr.

Enpjra vlng. Stlllman & Co. Nov. & Dec.
For Wale. E Kimpton, Footpower Saw, May.
Fo*>ti>o^ver HaA-is. W V & Jno. Barnes. Jan.
June. July. Oct. and Dec. A I Root, year.
CiJrapc Vines. JG Warner, Sept. and Oct.
Cjii-ape Wtiarar. Davenport Manf'g. Co. Nov.
and Dec.

Cilass Cutter. II M Mover, .Sept.
Hives. G M Dooliitle, Jan. to Apr. J Oatman,

and Co. Jan. to Mav. (J F Muth, Jan. to July. F M
DickinHon, Jan. T U Parker, Mar. J H Martin, Mar.
and Apr. J C A H P Saylcs, Mar. to Aug. T M
Shuck, Aug. A I Root, year. M S West, Jan. to
May. G W Simmons, year. I L Parker, Apr. to Dec.
T l- Wlttman, June to Aug. L C Root, Apr. to Oct.
R R Murphy, Dec.
Honey. G M Dale, Feb.

lionet' IJoxes. (; R Iwham, Jan. & May.
Barker A Dicer. Mar. and Apr. R R Murphy, June,
to Autr. '

Honey .Tars. C F Mutb, Jan. to Jnlv and Sep.
to Dec. BL l-ahncstock, Oct. and Dec. F T Nunn.
July, and Aug. '

Honey Trees. A I Root, Oct.

fi".U*i!*^^*,"*^"A'^ •'"■ '•'« Apiary. A I Root. year.
M Richardson, Mar. and Apr.

Import eel Queens. Ch. Dadant A Son. Jan
to Sep. R l<errls, Feb. C W & A H K Blood, May.
01 Oct. ■'

I'alnt. Averill Chemical Paint Co. Jan. to June.
I erlodloals. American Boo Journal, year.
j;ee-Keeper's Magazine, vear. New Jersey Acrlcul-
turalist, Jan and May to July. British Bee Journal,
year. T B Parker, June. J H Nellls, Nov. A Dec
W J Andrews, May.

■^**,S^**'»5': ^ *^ Glllett, Mar. lo May. J M Mar-
t^ini^^ec '■ ^ McMakln. Sep. D Tremon-

Qiieons. Dr. J P H Brown year. Ch Dadant A
Son Jan to Sept G W Dean Jan to June. J Oatman
& Co year E W Hale year. J M C Taylor. Jan. to
.)'°*"- 4,V°"^''' y^'^^- ^I Haines Feb. to Apr. R
Morgan Feb. to Apr. W J Andrews Feb. to Dec. C
C vaughan Mar. to Aug. J S Woodbnrn Mar. T B
Parker Mar. & Ai)r. W W Cary Mar. to Dec. J H
Martin Mar. & Apr. J C A H P Sayles, Mar. to Au.r.
J M Brooks* Bro. Apr. to .Sept. L C Root Feb. .
r^T XT ..y^i^"*''' ^"'■- ^^ ■''cp. D A Pike May & June.
. r*T?®'i*? ^*y *» ^*'^- Miss A Davis May to Dec.
m f R«ot June to Deo. E E .Shattuck June to Sept.
T G Mc Gaw June to Sept. H Allev June to Sept. Vf
A Eddy June to Nov. J B Dines June and July. E
C Blakeslee June to Dec. H H Brown July to Dec.
J fthaw & Son Aug. to Dec. R Ferris June Aug. and
^•^5 X r h ^^^^ ^"S- "^o Nov. J II Townley Sept.
and Oct. J R Landes Sept. Wm. G Baker Sept.
K.asi>l>erry Plants, R B Mc Master. Sept.
teeecls. C F Lane Jan. to May. C F Muth Jar.
to July. A I Root year. W R Edwards April.
?? »"*?,H.HK**- ^ ^ ^ ,^oot year. L C Root Feb. to
Oct. T F Bingham. July to Sept.
Wanted W N Tinklepaugh Jan. R Wllkfn,
Jan t, M Dale Mar, Apr, June. Aug, & Sep. M
Nevlns Mar. "B." May.

Index to X>lasraTns.

Hill's Apiary 2

Hexagona 1 Apiary .'. .■.■.'.■.'.'.■.'.Apr.' Slip.

Vineyard Apiary 127

Interior of House Apiary ' ,' '" 1,31

Entrance Blocks I84

Alighting Boards ". '. '. " *I8t

Section fJoxes, Ac Apr. Sun.

G lassihg Section Boxes HJ

<;iamps lor Making Section Boxes . ...'.'.....22.3

Double wax Boiler 41

Metal Corners '.Apr'. Sup.

frames in Use

Supporting frames while working... ..... ... ...!'. . . .211

Simplicity Hive 15

(Jucen Register -Apr. Sup.

Doollttle Smoker 176

Index *o Illustrations,

Illira Apiary Cover, Jan. No.

Mu th 's Apiary 30

Rice's House Apiary Apr. Sup.

Chaff Hive Apiary.. 129

Modern House Apiary 1,30

Vineyard Apiary 128

Implements for the Apiary. Cover. Feb. No. A Apr. Sup

Bee-Feeder 239

Comb Baske*; 214

Box for Bee Hunting 266

Climbers for Bee Hunting im

American Linden, or Basswood 294

Case for Storing and .'5hli(i)lng Honey 209

.Section Box Filled with Honey 272

Chaff(;ushion Division Board 300

Lawn Bee Hive Ajir. Snp.

Slmplicliy Hive, Ac 186

12 In. Fdn. Machine Apr. Sup.

f" „ „ „ Cover, Mav. No.

Portico. Detachable .". . .185

Queen Coll 187

., Cage 213

Footpower Buzz Saws. Cover March No. & Apr. Sup

INDEX TO VOL. V.

volocipcrle Scroll Saw Cover,Apr. No.

The Smoker I Prefer 242

Be it ever sd Humble, There's no Place Like Home. 21f)

Slmoson's Honey Plant 323

Pollen 328

B a's Toncne and log 328

How to tell Hybrids irom Pure Italians 327

Index to Correspondents.

Atkins, G. 20 ; Asrar, J. 70 ; Aulls, C. 95 ; At-
kinson, W. O. 103 ; Att'ieck, P. J. 105 ; Axtell, L.
C. 106 ; Andrews. T. P. 119, 233 ; Allen, A. 124,

247 ; Aulls, J.T. 163 ; Atkins, H. A. 219 ; "A. M."
232 ; Andrews, J. W. 274; A. C. 289; Atchley;
E.J. 315.

Brooks & Bro 13,192,276; "B. Lnndener, " U; Blos-
ser, K. M. 45 ; Bert, A . H. 45 ; "B. G. " 4(5 ; Biown, Dr,
J. P. H. 47; Bence. w. 48; "Briar, "10, 105,273; Bowen.
O. F. 54 ; Barbour K. M. 71, 163; Boerstler J. 71 ; Brnnt-
ley. Dr. A. H.74; Balcti, A. C. 77; Butler, J. 98, 109,319;
Bradford A. 1C2, 136 ; Bonham M L. 103 ; Bowman H.
S. 104 ; Balch w. H. 106 ; Bray J. B. 109 ; Bright W. I.
109; Burnetts A. G. 123; BaVncy, M. L. 133; Barlow S.
P. 133 ; Butler J. 135 ; Bolin J. 151, 167, 189 ; Brumfleld,
O. 161. 177, 218; Borden A. 178: Brown A. 195; Balsin-
ger J. 196 ; Barclay J. W. 196; Brier B. L. 205; Burr etfe
N. F. 2,(7; Bishop W. R. 2:7;Betty H. 219;Betts.L W 330
Baker D. B. 245, 251, 330; Uright E, 246 ; Blackman E.;

248 ; Blain J. H. 273 ; Boling R. A. 275 ; Bovd W. S. 275 .
Baker H. 275 ; Best L. P. 280 : Buchanan d. A. 288 331 ;
Bellows C. C. 304; Bason M. F. 304;Bauernleind J.3ii8;
Barton J. F. 329; Beckley J. 331; BedcllJ. D. 331 ;
Boardman H. R. 332; Brown H. H. 336.

Cook Prof. A. J. 10, 37, 49. 245, 247, 276 ; Corbin G.
E. M. D. 16, 20, 161. 217 ; Crai^ W. G. 25, 71, 2t7 ; Callhreath
J. P. 38 ; Case N. 40 ; Carter P. G. 46; Clark W. E. 46 ;
Child E. 53 ; " Cyula Linswik," 72 ; Callen M. M. 74; Crip-
pen E. H. 78, ; Carlin C. R. 92 ; Cheney C. 101 ; Corbett W.
B. 102; Crowfoot J. 101; Clardy B. E. 135 ; Gulp H. 135;
Camp J. W. D. 149 ; Caldwell J. L. 163; Clifford M. L. 163;
Criss A. J. 167; C. W. 189 ; Cook J. 190; Collins W. B. 190.
Crane J. E. 232 ; Cominu;s E. W. 290; Claike S. H. 301;
Cunninijham Mrs. .1. L. 304; Covert Dr. G. M. 331 ; Chap-
man M. W. :«(>; Cake W. M. 336.

Ooolittle G. M. 7, 39. 44, 69. 100. 122. 123. 150 179, 180,
217. 2ti3, 335 ; Dart J. E. 45. 46, 72 ; Devine S. 45 ; Dodds
T. J. 46; Daniels H. .'3, 98; Dawson J. 50, 119; Davis J.
L. 67, 133; Dallison S. J. 76; Du Bois M. D. 91; Dnffler
J. 96, 308 ; Davison A. S. 101 ; Dormise G. 102 ; Douglas
J; K. 103 ; Dunn J, 106 ; Davenport B, F- 109 ; Dines J.
B. 109; Davis Miss A. 133; DadantC. 175; Dodge S. C.
218.330; Dickinson j. 218,233, 280 ; Delzell T. T. 219;
Dupuy V. P. 245 ; Darrow VV. P. 347 : Doyle A. T. 247 ;
Deem J. C. 292 ; Davis M. H. 303 ; Doherty G. C. 30.3.

"!Enquir<'r" 190; Edmunston G. W. 196; '-Enquirer"
220 ; Elsma J. 248 ; Eckman J. W. ,332.

Fletcher D. W. 18, 73, 76, 119; Forbes W. E. 19;
Fahnpstoek A. 21, 48; Fradenlnirg A. A.42,|62,234 ;Fehr
J. E, 45 ; Flory J. F. 75, 233 ; Fiddes A. 101, 273 ; Fair F.
J. 103 : Facey M. V. K (i; Ferris R. 135, 191 ; Foreman K.
162; Foreman A. W. 178, 235; Fletcher W. H. 191;
Fletcher C. E. 220; Furguson J. B. 27(i ;Fowler J. C.289;
Fetherolf S. S.302 ; Foster O. 319.

Oravenhorst O. 1. H. 17, 61, 177, 192 ; Grier W. O. 26.
196; Gormlev40; GraffG. S. 47; Gould Mrs. A. L. 71,
Grout W. H. S. 91,162; GansbyG. 95; Greenman B. C
97 ; Ga' '3 G. W £9 ; Gray J. L. ioi ; Gardner D. 109, 162,
329 ; "Gatepout 109 ; Grimm G.120. 147 ; Goulding H. 120 ;
Gillette W. C. 133, 164; Gibson W. 2(6 ; Graham P. 219,
275. 329 ; Griswold A. N. 234, 246 ; Gourier E. 245 ; Grimes
R. 303 ; Gamble G. W. .332.

Heine L. 8, 21; Huyett E. T. 18; Herspergpr H. C.
20, 118, 192 ; Hall D. 20 ; Hoearty W. P. 25, 97 ; nill J S 26;
Hunter J 33 192; Haines H 47,54,90. 105; Hastirss &
Son. C 63, 136; Hunt W 71 ; Hippolite W W 71, 316 ; Ham-
ilton W E 94; Hall S W 94 Holsinu'er T S 101 Harrill Z D
103; Hawkins & Bro. T E 103 ; Hains J B 108 2 (.7; Har-
iison Mrs. L 118 ; Haskln Dr. A S 163 ; Hinman C W 161;
Hunter E 190; Houl-Ii S H 190; Heddon Jas. 196; Hood-
enpyle .1 W 221; Hctliniiudon O J 245; Hutchinson \V Z
247 ; Hay hurst E M 274 ; Huvun G W 27 1 ;Harvev G T 2')l ;
Hollcman H S 301 ; Haniian G E 303 ;

1 1 linski A X 276; Isham C R 317.

.Joiner R I, 5, 78, 135, 203. 245, 308; Jones D A 26
Jackson J P 3(! ; Joslin Dr. C M 102. 117 : .lonps D K 161 ;
Johnson T \v 1(!4 ; Johnson L 275, 303, .330 : Jarretc J E

304.

li^crn D N 6, 220 ; Kaufman C P 16; Kline L P'21;
K.!rr W H Rev. 22. 45 , 76 ; "King Boi." 48 ; Kellogg W.
M. 62, 74, 93, 204 ; Kretchmor E 64 ; Knap)) H 69 Kisev J

276 ; Kmg W L 279 ; • Kerloot S H 329 ; Kaye A W 332
Keller H 336.

T^ankton H L 25 ; Lee J R 35, 91 ; Lafferty J F 10 ;
Leffens C W 78 ; leach R 101 : Lane D P 105, 218; Lege
L 119; Lafferty C W 119, 167,-336 ; Littlejohn A C 136.331;
Llston P: 161, 196 ; Lane C F 161 ; Lentz L R 161 ; Lake
J 189 ; Le Blanco B C 231 ; Lewis W F 247 ; Lucas S 262;
Lippert H 301 ; Leatz S R .303 ; Lawience S 304 ; Leab
C w 318 ; Lippincott T w ,330 ; Larch E O L 332.

^IcGaw T G 6,34.67,75.77.148; Mellen R H 7. S6.
.318; McRay CE 10;Mason J19; Mills T 19; Murdock J
H 30 262 ; Mills M W 21 ; Minor A 22. 120 ; McMains A 26.
164, .336 ; Mills Wm. 26 ; Michener 1 .34, 78 301 ; McMnster
M E 49 ; McDaniel J L 50 ; Morse E W .54 ; Marlin J H 66,
71, 73, 201, 218, 219. 345 ; Montgomerv J F 73, 191. 245 ; Mc-
oueen C 75 245; Muth C F 76, 20.3, 308 ; Meyers J H 101 ;
Martin J H 102. 151 ; M'Latchie H H 102 ; McCook J 109;
Moore J P 121.275; Mattoon J 164 ; McWhorter J J 167;
Moores W L 190; Miller T H 19U Mulford C P 219 ; Mor-
ris H M 224 ; Merriam G P 2.31, 260; Minor M D 245 ; Mor-
timer H 245 ; Murray J W 261 ; Morehouse W 303 ; McKay
J 329; Mills Marv H 329 ;

Wo name 20; iVelson M .120; Neshit H 75,90; Nev-
ins M 102 ; Normaiid J B 1C6; Nunn P T 120; Northouse
A C 163 ; Notlee E 164, 260 ; Nelson J A 235; Nickerson R
248 ; Newell E C ,301 ; Nicholson D £30 :

O Oatrann & Co. J 49. 224 : Otis C 1.3-1 : Olmstead J B
2.36 : Osburn E 246 : Olnev J H 247, 248 :

Plowman E 17,224: "P," 17, 245: Prudden N A 33«
276 : Parker T B 46, 135. 191 : Potter A 47, 99, 1C8 : Parsons
J H f 0, 92, 100. 103. 106. 191, .308 : Phelns W G .'^O : Parker
C W 68 : Pettit S T 75, 331 : Porter J W 76. 14r : Parker I
L 104. 134 : Pool C 1C5. 275 : Parker O W 163 : Peeler F M
168 : Philp Mrs. S A 176, 179. 189. 262 : Pavne W 192 : Peter
HJ192: Parker DG 217: Palmer H A 217, 247: Page V
218 : Penfold F 2 19 : Perry S C 220: Palmer P 246 : Powel-
.son A280: Pritchard J A288: Pilkinaton W H S02: Pon-
tiou'J S S .304 Palmer D D 308; Park J R 316 : Peters G B
331 :Phelps w G 93, 346 ; Paterson D 74.
Quinhv C J 22. 161 :

rteyticlds R M 38, 215 Riejrle P A 101, 246 : Reed
L 102 : Rue C H 110: Robinson M J 134: Roop H 134. 161 :
Robison H 163: RoheJtson W A 163: Root L C Kit: Rucer
W 167 : Rice A A 190 : Bosekellv 191 : Richarrlson S B 206 :
Rosebrock H H 217 : Risrgs W H 236: Reynolds W W 246:
Robinson J A 246, 248 : Rice J G 248 : Riags B 274 : Robin-
son E A 274 : Riker G W 301 : Rowe M T :^03 :

Stanhope E 13: "S." 16 : Shattuck E E 17, SOI : Scott .T
30:Stanlev T C 25: StMartz W 34 191, 275 : Stair & Kendel,
37, 308, 317: Stanly G W 45 : Stevenson E 45, 302 : Sterritt
J P 46; Senl W T 49, 192 : Shuman E 50 : Scholl J .'0, 329:
Sayle^ H P 5l'. 71. 220, 263 ; StanfTer A P 54. 102 : Smith C
P 66, 121: SedL-ewick WH68: Sto^erMM71: Smith G
R71: Snow L 76: Stork 110: Salishnrv S W 12:i, 259:
Smith J M 123: Scranton H i:vt,153, .336 :Simpson J A 136.
T7S: Shuv P n I'U : Streeter D 161 : Stapp S162:
Smith R 163 : Sprinuer D S 110 : Sheldon E A 196 : Smed-
le^ Mrs. AB201, ;;03: Stuart L W 208: Sitle.v E P 218:
.Shipp C C 218, 245, .301 : Shuck J M 218- 273 : Savase A J
219 : Sehwilly H H 224 : Snell F A 2f(> : Sprague G H 246 :
S warthout .T' P 246, .303 : S\vnrt>vc ut J J 218 : SnffCr E 273 :
Spniildin:.' J T 274 : Secor E 279 : Stable R 287 : Subscriber
291, 3,30 : Salisbury P 303 : Shepard N N 303 : Smith G 308 :
S, G.. 317 : Swan J A 331 : Spiiisrue H A 332

Townlev .T H .5. 64, 102 :^n4 : Thf n rsf n R G 17. ;
Thompson R 18;164 Tavlor J M C 20, 1^4 Tenant wm. H
21 ; Thomas H 48 ; Tench C R 77 ; Tow'e Wm. A 121. 16.3;
Talkington J M 148; Tomkies L L 162; Thornton E B
1()3 ; Tuthill Mrs. A K 180 ; Thurmond Mrs. S D 192. 318.
330 ; Tench H 245 ; Thorn J H 290 ; Thompson J N B 304.
XJlery J 16, 54 ; "U. K. L. * » *" 72, 303 : Underbill D
C218. 3!8: Urioh V D 247.

Viallon P L 6(!. 276. 304 : van Eaton J 104 : van Liew
J 167 : Vars H 276.

"Wing G M 14 : Woodward J B 17 : Wilder A 19, 246 :
Wyrick M 22 : Wllkins C 25 : Wardell Bros 48 : Wtiit-
son J J 48 ; Whittington C W 49 ; "W A D" 73 : Wriffht
M73: Whitely TN75: Williams A T 76; Watkins li'
G 95: Wellington E 96: W.ard H 104: Woodbury 105 :
White J J 109, 191, 219: Wilkin B 1.33 :339 Webster B ):V;
WJltso J148: Wave W H 220. ;^01 : Wilder J B 2:15
Woodworth & Williford 247: Wol'enden J L 247.251 :
Walker J R 273 : Warner ,1 G 275: Washburn A C 27 •
319 : Wardwell D 302 : Wright D 302 : Wilson T F 3046
Wisht M :ms.

m^

NOTICE.!

Wo will send a complete report of the proooediuys
of the National Bee-Keepor's Association <luring their
three days convention in the city of New York on the
J 71; Kelly L74,330r Kinnoy"c'P*r7.5;' 'kiVirWH «^^^ | 16th, 17th and 18th of Oct. 1877. Price only 15 cents.
Ji.o''\.'^ ^'^^ • K«n'lig C 109; King J A 110; Kinyon K H Every pronressive bee-keeper vrlll send for a copy
1'4-! i 'V.?.""«-.\^ « W 190 ; Kershaw NW 205.; Keeney V W | ^^ile it can be had. Address

12 A. J. KING & CO., 61 Hudson St.; N. Y.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

The following table is for the coiiTenlence of those
ordering ninchlnes, and is intended to enable any one
to decide for himsclt exactly what he can use to the
best advantage.

FRici: usT or hxtractors.

[The figures in parentheses, just before the prices,
give the exact inside width of the revolving frame of
tlie Extractor, in inches.}

A honey knife is Included with each machine; the
price will be 8l.()0 less if no knife is wanted.
No. 1.— For the Gallup frame, or any frame Hi

inches wide and not more than ]2i deep.. (12) 88 50
So. 2.— For the American frame, or any one 12

inches wide and not more than 12i deep. (12^) 8 75
No. 3.— For anv frame 12^ inches wide and not

more than vik deep (13) 9 00

No. 4. For the Adair Irame or any frame. 13J

wide and not more than 12i deep (U}) 9 00

The above are all in shallow cans, I7i inches high,
and are verv convenient for placing at such a height
as to allow of running the honey directly into the bar-
rel or any other receptacle, and still not too higli
tor any one to work conveniently. The following
numbei-s can also be used in the same way, unless the
operator is short In stature; in that case, a shallow
Ijox may be inverted to stand on, but is somewhat in-
convenient.

Ko. 5. This is made expressly for the Lang-
stroth frame, which is to be used standing on
end: it will take any frame whose top bar
does not exceed 20 inches, and depth itX

inches (lO) 89 00

No. 0. The same excei)t that it will take a frame

oiU^ inches In depth (11) 9. 50

No. 7. This is made expressly for the Quinby
suspended frame, and will take also the other
kind when the end bars have a depth not

greater than IIM inches (12) 10 (X)

No. 8. This is for all Quinby Irames. and all
American trameo having a depth greater than
12 X inches, and can be used for all the frames
in our diagram, but i» much more inconvenient
than the smaller ones where they can be

used (12>2-) 10 00

No. 9. This machine is like No. 8, except that it
takes a frame ^ inch wider, and is suitable for
American frames that are 12^ wide and more

thanl2>i inches deep (13)10 00

No. 10. This is the largest machine that we
keep in stock, and will take a frame as wide
~ as the Adair, and as long as the Quin-
by {UK) 10 00

For frames having a top bar with an extreme length
<jf more than iO inches, we shall have to make an extra
charge of Si 00, and we shall have to make the same
extra charge for frames that exceed 14 inches the nar-
rowest way. There are fevMrames of such extreme
large size in use, yet we sold perhaps a dozen such last
%eason. Also, we tind a few who insist on an txtractor
that will hold 4 frames at once ; unless the frames are
' very small, we cannot think such will be liked as well,
yetwe will lurnish them v. lien desired, at an expense
of .?1..W extra. If you look into tlie matter, you will
see that a very much larger ami heavier revolving
frame will be needed, and every ounce in weight ad-
ded to this, hinders rapid work.

Any of the above will be made with the wire cloth in a
slanting posit ion, for Sl.OO extra, butwe do not consider
it of any especial advantage.

All of the last six— tall cans— have a support at the
bottom for the frames to rest upon, and also to hold
broken pieces of comb, should it be desired. The four
first have nothing of this kind, for it is not needed,
and would in reality only make them heavier, and be
in tlie way; we advise purchasers always to take the
smaller m?chines when they will take their frames.
For instance, we would much prefer the No. 4, to the
No. 10. even if offered at the same price, provided we
had nothirg but the Adair frame in our apiary.

Although our machines are now made much lighter
and stronger, the gearing very much improved in
looks as well as in strength, an improvement added
whereby once oiling will last for years, a cover and
strainer added, and the prices reduced, yet we will
make the proposal that we will, to anyone, who has
purchased one machine, give 10 per cent off" on all he
may sell after that; and this is all we can do in the
way of furnishing them at wholesale. To dealars who
advertise fiur Extractors, we will give 25 per cent ofl'.
This offer refers only to Extractors and honey knives.
It may be there are valuable features found in the hitr1\
priced Extractors, not found in our own, but if such is the
case, we are unable to appreciate them. We have added

every improvement suggested that we thought would
prove valuable, all things considered, and yet we find no
t'lfut dilliculty in furnishing them all crated and ready to
sliiii, for tlu; price named. Any one who has carefully
studied tlif matter will st'i; that to make a msichine capa-
ble of receiving four combs instead of two, will require an
iiK n;iNe iii M/.e and weight, without very materially aid-
ing in rujiidity of work, among the masses. Keversing the
CHjuibs inside the can, making the inside frame three-corn-
ered, running the nuichine by gearing or belts placed un-
der the bottom, etc., etc.. have all had their advocates,
but we think have generally been, at;er a time, discarded
like the revolving cans. Our friends can rest assurid, that
we shall s))are no pains in promptly adopting any real im-
I)rovement that may come up. Please do tell the diiuen-
sions of the frame or frames you use, in ordering.

Any kind of a machine that revolves the honey after
it is thrown out of the comb, or that revolves tin cans
with the combs, is a 7iiost serious bhinder, as you will
see by trying both kinds.

INSTKUCTIONS FOR USING AN EXTRACTOR.

Many of our new friends have asked for directions
for using these machines, but really they are so sim-
ple, that it seems little advice need be required.
They are all ready for use when received, and most
that" is required is to screw them last to some box or
bench just high enough to allow the gate to run the
honey into the bung-hole of a barrel. Do noi; under-
take to work unless the bees are gathering honey, or
you will be very likely to have troul>le. The best
time is when they are busy in the fields, and if the
yield is good, you will hardly need any smoke. Care-
fully remove a frame from the hive, and then with a
series of sudden jerks shake the bees in front of the
hive or on top of the frames, as you may lind most
convenient. When vou have shaken ofl" as many as
you can, take a bunch of asparagus tops, and gently
brush off" every bee in front of the hive. Now with
the honey knife carefully cut the cappings from all
capped cells: to do this quickly you will slide the
knife under the caps in such a way as to have them
come off in one entire sheet. In regard to straining
the honey, we know of no way that answers so well,
all things considered, as to hang the little bag sent
with the machine, in the bung of the barrel; this
keeps it all close and tight from flies and dust, and
when you stop work for a little while, it is all sale,
without the necessity of covering anything up. Two
such bags are really needed, so that one can be kept
clean and ready to take the place ol the other when It
becomes filled with impurities. As the seoiment al-
ways settles to the bottom ot the bag. the sides work
well as a strainer for a long time. Cloth strains honey
more perfectly than the finest w ire cioth can. When
the comb is uncapped it is to be placed in the Extrac-
tor; although you can extract one comb at a time If
you choose, it is much better to have two, as they
then balance each other, and the friction is lees on the
bearings, though our machines will stand the strain
of the heaviest combs, one at a time, if need be. Turn
just fast enough (and no faster) to throw out the hon-
ey, and there will be no danger of throwing out the
brood ; you will soon learn this bv practice. Combs so
full of brood that there is but little room If r honey had
better be left in the hive ; there is little to be gained
by woi king very close, and should the honey season
suddenly close, there is danger of the bees starving,
as we have known them to do, even in July.

Oh this account I would extract from the frames
in the upper story only, after the bees get once well into
them.

If your hives are kept close to the ground, and no
weeds allowed to grow around the entrances, there is
very little danger of losing queens while extracting,
yet it is a very good plan to keep them carefully In
mind, and if you should not see them, we think It a
little safer to shake the combs that contain much
brood, so that the bees fall directly into the hive.
Losing queens while extracting is rather expensive
business.

After the honey is taken from one side of the comb
it is Oj course, to be turned, and the honey taken from
the other side. When the combs are very heavy and
the honev very thick, it may be best to throw it out
only partially.the first time, and then reverse, to avoid
crushing the comb into the wire cloth by the great
centrifugal force resulting from such a weight moving
at a rapiil speed.

rOOT-FOWER BUZZ-SAWS.

These machines are very handy in the apiary indeed,
and as we warrant them to cut common inch pine
boards at the rate of 8 feet per minute, line measure,
and other thicknesses in proportion, they will answer
to make frame? , hives, section boxes, and almostevery

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Dec.

thinjr Tvanted about the npiary. The table can be
raised pnd lov'eied f'^r rultin'c flifTeror.t ilpptb?. for
rabiioiinjr. gricovinp. jiiningtnd othor work. Price
\rii.h two (> inch saws, all needed ^.Migr-p, etc., ?35.0(\
Thn. Ijuzz sa'.vs, ■will reach throu<:h '2>8' inches.

These answer very wr)l, lor making hives for your
own !ise, but ifyon think of niakintr ihcni for sale,
you "ill need powrv ol' pome kiid. If the machine is
all in excellent trim, saws shari'). and every thing
ricelv oiled, the labor is not vevy fatiguing, for paw-
in" irx-li lumber, tut i: ' ou let the pi'-v/ get jii'^t a little
<liill, or vour lumber in bard, or if you attempt to cut
verv miich 2 inch stuff, vnu mav wl.-b pretty "severe-
ly," ' ( u iiai' a little engine. Although we have steam
riower. we find the foot power saw so handy for odd
job?, that we could h".v,lly get along without it. We
furnish with them, nt the i)rice, two books on saw fil-
ing and the care ol saws.

HIVES.

SIMPLICITY BEE-HITE.

One body and 1 cover in the flat, as sample to work
fi'oni— ore sample fnime and sheet of duck in-
cluded 1 CO

One story hive for exfnictcr (body .50c— '3 covers
f,Oc— nrilingand paintin'-';'20c-quilt 2.50—10 frames
f,Oe— crntina: lOe) 2 25

One story hive for comb bonry is precisely the
same as the above, substituting 2 frames of sections
for 4 metal cornered frnniep 2 25

The above 16 sections will be fitted with frin-, and
starters lendy for the bees, for b'ic. iind the tin sepa-
rators added for 10c. makinsr whole complete 2 50

The above two hi^es contnin everything used in a 2
s^tory bive. We simply use another body filled with frames
or sections, for n 2 stf)ry bive.

For a '^ story hive for the ext'-actor, add (to 1 story
2 25) body .'iOe— nailing and painting ]0c— TO frarnes
00c— cratinr; 5c, making complete 2 story containing
20 frames , 3 50

For a 2 story hive for comb honey add (tol story
2 25) body .''Or— nailing nnd painting 10c— 6 frames
of seetions 78c— 1 met;d cornered frame 6c— crating
f,c, mnl<ing complete 2 story containing 7 frames and
64 sections 3 75

If tilled with fdn. starters 60c— if also filled with Ini
separators 40c, making 64 75, if two latter items are
wanted.

An njjner story filled with sections, fdn. stsrters
anrl nil rendy to be pet over any L. hive ^2,7.5

To prepare the above hives 'or M'inter. put in place of
the 2 outside fraines. chafT cushions, price 20c each, and
a thick one on top, .'^Oc.

Iron frame to ^nuge pi/e of above hives, and to
hold tbrm tiuc when nniling, size 20^x16 inside £0

I Chaff iiivk fou out door wintekikg. 10
frames below, and 14 frames or SO pection
I boxes ,' bove, well painted and finished com-
I plete (T-awn hive f\ more.) ?^5 00

Tf filled with fdn. starters and separators, i?1.2.5 more.

Witliout frnmes ch:dT or paint, as sample to work
from 2 50

There bive , if .^up-olied with stores, will, we bone,
need no attmtion whatever, from the time honey
ceiises until it comes again the next season.

Two frame nucleus hive, neatly painted 50

niVES T,Y THE quantity.

The der-and for both Simj.lieit.v and Chaff hives in the
flat, has been such as to wnrrant n.e in makinsr arrrnge-
ments to furnish them by the eunntily, at very low prices.
No\.' it is with these as wiih the fdn., wo can only do it
by linving them m.ide up in quantifies ahead, all boied or
crated, ready to ship. To avail yourself of these low rates,
you iwf'.ti' send the exnct anieunt of money specified, and
order Hum in the quantity specified. Printed instructions
with illustrations, will be furnished for setting up each
kind.

SIMPLICITY HIVES IN THE FLAT.

Per hive. Per pckg.

.S l-f-fcrv hives, ro in^H'fs or V'Otlfiti Wc. Si. 80

5 „ " „ „ „ „ •■■8 2.!'0

10 ,1 „ ., .. „ -5 5.f0

r.'i „ „ „ „ „ ^^ i:i-.'5

fO „ „ „ „ „ 5-2 26.00

100 „ ., ,, „ ., .50 .50.00

Metnl rahJxti' are inchulcd tcith nil the above, and hives
are nil made of seasoned j ine Inniber.

You enu use your ordinury Langstroth frames in the
above liives, or we can I'urnish you metal cornered frames,
and a sheet of duck for covering the frames, for just as
much more ; that is, the frames (10 to each hive and duck)
CO •it precisely the same that the hives do. Two of the
above hives make a comjilete two story hive, the cover of

one of them, then being used as a bottom board. If you
wish comb honey instead of extracted, fill the upper story
with sections instead of frames. The 56 1 lb. .sections,
with the 7 broad frames and separators, including fdn.
starters, will cost ^Aree times as much as the 10 metal
cornered frames. The sections and fdn. cost but little,
l)ut the broad frames to hold thtin are pretty expensive
with the tin separators. However, as a set will last in-
definitely, we have only to purchase the sections, after we
once get started.

CHAFF HIVES IN THE FLAT.

A Chaff hive is always a two story hive, and can be used
in no other way ; as the walls are double, the expense
will he ihree times that of a one story Simplicity. Fur-
nishing the lower story will cost just the same as the
Sinijilicity, but as the upper story is wider, it will cost
one-half mOiC.

No nails are figured in the above price, but we can fur-
nish them for 5c, per lb. A single story needs about ^ lb.
to make it good and strong. A pair of gauge frames are
needed to nail the Simplicities c. nveniently, price Si. 00

I have thought best to give you this list thus early,
that you may decide in time, about hives for another
sea.son.

If you have never seen a ChafF hive, perhaps you had
better order yojir first one made up, (H.^'iJ for there
arc a great many pieces to them.

LABELS FOB, HONEY,

In blue and gild, dark bronze and gold, or in white
printed in two colors, furnished with jour own address,
and source from which the honey was gathered, already
L'ummed, post paid by mail. No order rec'd for less than
250. At these low rates, the full number mentioned
must be oidered without the change of one single letter of
the type 1000, ?3,25 ; 500. 62,40; 250, §1,80.

Same as above except that source of honey, and name
of bee-keeper is left blank, put up in packages of 100, as-
sorted colors, for both comb and extracted honey. — Per
package post paid, 25c.

LAB,V.a: FOB QUEEN BEARING.

Many failures are reported with this, just because it is
ordered fi-om too great distances, or at an unseasonable
time of the year. It should be borne in mind, that if it is
out of the hive more than 48 hours, or if exposed to a tem-
perature lower than SO^, the larva? will be cretty sure to
be dead. If the bees remove it from the cells, you may be
sure it was either chilled or starved. Send to some one
near you who has rn imported queen, do not have the
larval out of the hive more than two days, and ,vcu will he
pretty sure to get good nice queens. As soon as received,
you are to insert it in the center of a comb in the middle of
the cluster of a queenless colony, and if it is all right, jcu
will see them starling queen cells around it at once- Of
corir;:e there must be no other eggs or unsealed brocd in
the bive, but it will be a very good idea to have some
sealed brood.

MICBOSCOFES.

These are rral eomjiourd Uiicros-copes, and quite a dif-
ferent thing fum the double and sintde maurifyiiig glas-
ses: so cften called by that name. Ilie one we cfTcr at §3. ,
is a very neat instrument carefully packed in a mahogany
box, with ini; hmcnts for the work of taking reiiular les-
sons in the insect world. You will find with it. that a
sinple bee will male a study for a long tine. Sent by
mail for 53.15, and if you are not plessed with it, yeu can
r<. turn it at cur exi>t use, snid tb.e ni< ney will be refunded.

FBICE LIST OF QUEENS.

Imported queens will be 86.00, if 1 select the best to fill
your order, or S5.00, if I select the poorest. What 1 mean
by best, is these which are largest and lightest in color,
that produro the largest and yellowest bees, and are the
most prrlilie layers. It takes a Icinr time to test a queeen
for bonev gafherinir, and therefore it would be nothirg
str.ange,' if those sent cut at the lesser price, are really
most \aluable. , , , • „

'Jested queens reared from imported mothers having all
the above good qualities ?3. ; with part of the al ove good
qualities, v«2.,50, and the poorest, that I feel sure are not
hvlirids, 61.50. Now I ans going to try to have the above
sati>^lactorv, andif they are not, you are to sei.d them
back,in.'<idoof:0 days and get your money or another
queeis as you choose. . , , .„ , , , ,

Young queens just commencing to lay. will be sold for
Sl.OO if yen ccme and get them ; if .vcu want them sent by
mail, send us 10c, for c:ige and postage.

Queens that have been tested and •' found wanting,
will be sold for COc. I alS'O reserve the privilege of seufiing
out any kind of a queen that T do not like, as a 50c. queen.
Ihave"niadetheabovecondifii.r.s that I may be enabled

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

to "pick out " queens to order, without doinp; any of you
an injustice. The dollnr queens, are always taken just as
they come. If any of you can furnish them cheaper, 1 will
rejoice with the rest.

/(/() not think dollir queens can. be furnishad annner
than July 1st. /jut if <iur friends in the south conclude
to "help us out'' in ths matter, I will let you know
throuf/h Gleanings.

QUEEN CAGES AND BEE-FEEDERS.

Tbi^ro are two Invention'^ I h;ive made this ve.ir,
that I am especially proud of ; the Candy (.iucen Ca^e,
and thu Slmplicitv Feeder. Th.sy answer the purpose
so completely, and are so clean and neat, that I should
not have conalflered the price very high, at '25c, but
•when 1 discovered that we could mako them so as to

be sold for o>i/,v/ii'e ce»^s. I [ >vell, as nearly as

lean remember. I think I mnst have looked happy.
Every time we llM an onler (nr thi m. I say to mvself,
•'Won't that Mellow' lie tickled. vvh"n hn sees them
and thinks of the inslgnilicaiit price." I do like to s e
?i/'ce work at low prices, but I aUvays feel "awfully
miserable" when I am charged, or am obllired to
charge anvbidy else, bisch price■^ for work that is not
"nice." Now i will show vou the cage and feeder,
and try to stop "gossiping."

OUR 5 CENT SIMPLICITY BEE-FEEDER.

Xo directions are needed for using the queen cage,
and almost nonf for the feeders. Fill it with honey,
syrup, sweetened water, or even sugar with water
poured on it. and then set it in one side of the hive, on
the frames, in the portico, in frort of the liive, or in
the op^n air aavwhere. ami t!ie feed will all be taken
without a single bee getting drowned. Since the ab^ve
cut was made, we have ma<ie the feeders longer and
narrower, having two grouves instead of 3. They liold,
jitst about 1 pint, and are sent safely by mall for lUc.
postage included.

STEAM ENGINES FOE. HIVE -MAKING.

2 jaorse Power E:igiue and Boiler, glSOOO

.3to4Hor3e „ 250 00

These Engines are tested at 300 lbs. pressure, the dif-
ferent pa! ts are made Interchangeable, the work and
material is guaranteed first class, and it is claimed that
it is practiciilv iinj)ossiijle to exp'ode the boiler.

They a • mounted on wheels, rendering itconvenient
for moving, an<l are complete in all parts, except the
smoke stack, which should be a 0 or 8 inch stove pi|)e.
I have taken pai:i£ to look this matter up in regard
to these small engines, and those we oiTor are I think,
fully equal tD anything made for anything like the
price. They are furnished at the above prices, at the
factory in Corning N. Y. Although engines of 1 horse
power are ofT^red for sale, we think It will be much
better to jiurchase one of not less than two horse
power as above.

SPUING BALANCE,

Is shown at Xo. 15, on the cover, a nice article.

.$8 00

These scales are mjule weather proof, and when an angert
to suspend a moderate .sized colony, nny he left out all
summer. As the figures on the dial are large and plain,
we can .see at a distance the average yield of honey per
stock, each day or hour (!ven. Wh' ii wei^rhin'; stocks for
winter, they shorten the work vciy uiaterially.

LAMP NURSERY.

This is simply a hive made of tin. with double walls;
the space between th.; two walls which may be from \ to
1 inch, is filled with water, and (his wal<'r is kept at an
even temperature of about 100", by a lamp under the hive.
The lamp is to be enclosed in a box to avoid dr;dts, and
the whole should be in a close rcxmi, to save the expense
of oil. The tia hive is to be pi. teed a foot or more above
the top of the lamp chimney. When tlu) oil is purchased
by the barrel, the cxiieubio is but little more than one cent
per day. Get .your queen cells on the plan ^;iven in A B C,
■iiid wiien capped over, they m:iy be ta':en ;iwny from the
bees entirely, and the frame conl:uiii:;!:j them hung in tiie
nursery. If you hava followed the instructions '--iven, the
(iueons will -ill hatch out; lon;^ luifore the workers, and all
you have to do is to place ihcn in any rpieenless hive or
nucleus, as soon as they are hilched." Y )u neel not open
the hive to introduce thorn, hut you can just let them
crawl in at the entrance, and th-^ loss will certainly be no
greater \\v\x\ that of inserting queen cells. You can if you
choose, have .several combs containing queen cells in "the
nursiiiv; at thi) same time, and wli-^u we can have queens
hatching every day for woik.-;, \7e really enjvj.y the fun.
It is easy keeiiiii;^ a .sn;i;)ly of cells on hand, when we
once get started, and we do int examine our nursery of-
tener than ai)out live times a d)y. It will be observed
that with the lamp nursery, wo have no cutting, nor
mutilating of our nice combs, as w^ do whore we cut out
queen cells. When the que'.'ns .iro old enough to begin to
gnaw out. ihe.y can easily be heard by helling the comb
of C''lls, next to the ear, and us they are ready to introduce
as soon as tlie.v be^'in to cnt o\it the caps, they may be
safely taken out with a shirn pen knife, and put at once
where wanted. They somofimes kill each other when
crawling al:)out in the nursery, but not often unless there
are bees jaresent. We have found'a half dozen or more
crawling about peaceably to;;ether on first going out in
the morniiig, but they would be certain to kill s-fch other,
if left uniil a few hours older. Price of nursery with
lamp large enough to burn several days. $.5,00.

SECTION HONEY BOXES.

SECTION BOX.

SECTION BOXES AND THEIR POSITON IN THE HiyE.

The above cut and the cuts on the cover, will make
every thing plain, almost without explanation. As we
send a complete section box with nice strip of.fdn..and
printed directions for fastening it in the frames, i)y mail
for 5c., we will not attempt any description here. The
cut on the left, shows one of the broad frames containing
8 sections, and A, A, are the ends of the hive, B, B, are
the end strips that are nailed under the cover of the hive,
and D, is the cover itself, before being nailed on to B. B.
C, C, shows the shoulders that hold the cover on the up-
per stories, while the bevels hold it securely in place, arid
exclude rain and wind.

SECTION BOXES IN" THE FLAT, PEE 1,000.

Any ditnensions not exceeding 2x5x5 10 00

The above is 50 cubic inches ; for lai-ger sizes add 10c
per 1,000 for each additional cubic inch or fraction of an
inch, outside measure. Extra prices for le.ss than i>00.

.Inst i-i:-'ht to fit in L. frames, 2xU'x4V 9 5©

Sample by mail with fdii 5

If the grooving for holding the fdn. is omitted, 25c less
per 1,000. Sections weigh from 7 to 10 lbs ))er 100.
10 I L. frame made 2 inches broad to hold 8 sections 5

25 I The same with 8 sections 13

25 I The same furnished with fdn. starters all ready

for the bees 20

Adding tin separators to either of the above will in-
crease the price 5c, and the postage 6c.

GLEA2^INGS m BEE CULTUBE.

Dec.

THE SMOKER I PREFER.

THE SIMPLICITY SMOKEB,.

It don't tip over, never "gjoes out," makes nice rings ot'emoke to please the children, and there are "lots"
of other nice things about it that I can not think of now. When you get one, you will knovv all about them.
It is, in fact, such hard work to make it go out at all, that we have been obliged to add a damper to it since
the engraving was made. You can burn anything in it, chips, "patent right hives" that you do not want,
stove wood, corn cobs, &c., &c. The nicest material I have ever used, is peat, but ours is all gone, and I don't
know where to get any more. Very dry corn cobs, make a splendid smoke and last a long while, but it is
some trouble to light them the flrst'time. After you have been using them, it you extinguish them by means
of the damper, you can light the charred fragments next time, with a match. You can chop the cobs in pieces
with a hatchet, or let the children do it, and then keeji them vvith some matches in a box wliere they will
always bo dry. Your smoker should .also be kept in-doors out of the rain, but if you are sometimes careless,
as I am, and get some part of it broken or injured, we will sell you the different parts at the following prices :
The postage is given in the left hand column.

25 Smoker complete 75

A larger size will be furnished if wanted, for 25c more.

15 Bellows complete 40

10 Tin case for fuel 35

,3 Leather for Bellows 15

3 Pair of steel springs 10

5 Top of tin ca3e 10

After you have bourtht one smoker, if you want another for your neighbor, we will give you 10 per cent off.
If you will buy a whole dozen, and takethem all at one time, you may have them for 50c each, and that is the
very best v;e can do in the way of wholesaling.

P. S.— If you wish to see the revolving rings, get something that will make a perfect cloud of smoke, peat Is
best, and tap briskly on the bottom board. When you can get the knack of it, you can have the air full of
them, all spinning away like There! I almostforgot one more idea. Whc'nevcr the children get stub-
born and really need punishing on a second thought, I think I won't tell it after all.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

325

thing harder might injure the rolls — and the
rolls are kept well covered with the starch,
-as well as the sheet of v.ax. it will soon come
out nicely. As soon as the edge gets
through, it is to be picked up with the fin-
gers, then held between two ])ieces of wood,
•and drawn out as fast as the rolls are turned.
Two men will, after a little practice, with a
12 inch machine, roll it about as fast as it
can be dipped. The sheets roll with less
trouble fi'om sticking, if allowed to stand a
coui)le of days after being dii^ped, as the
wax hardens slightly by being exi^osed to
the air. This ex^^lains why white bleached
wax is harder than the common yelloAv. The
il)ees work the bleached wax so much slower
■on this account, I would not advise its use,
«ven for box honey.

TRnoriNG, SQUARING, AND CUTTING THE
SHEETS.

The best thing we know of for this pur-
"l)ose, is a pair of tinnei's squaring sheai-s.
They are provided with gauges of different
kinds and offer every facility for cutting a
great number of pieces exactly of a size.
They are operated by foot, thus leaving the
hands at liberty. They cost about $35.00 ; the
blades must be kept wet with the starch
solution, to prevent sticking. A common
pair of shears may be used in the same way,
if the blades are dipped in the starch at in-
tervals.

CO^EE lEGWST^. I would have comb
honey stored in section frames, instead of
boxes, because they are clean and nice to
handle, can be retailed without the trouble-
some daubing, and above all, because the
public will pay a much higher price for hon-
ey in that shape. I would for the same rea-
son have the sections small. I would also
have them made to fit inside of your regular
hive frame, or rather in a broad frame, made
of exactly the same dimensions. This sim-
plifies the work greatly, because we can
then hang a frame of sections in any hive,
and in either the upper or lower story, as we
may have occasion. This is a great conve-
nience for it enables us to get nice comb
honey of any colony, however weak, by sim-
ply hanging a frame of these sections, on
one or both sides of the brood combs. If
the bees have been kept in a small space, so
that every comb is occupied "with brood and
pollen at the approach of the honey season,
they will start in the sections almost at once,
if they are given them just as soon as they
begin to be crowded for n)om. Give them a
single frame at first, and when they are well
at work in this, give them another. Do not

put on an upper story, until they ai'e rerdy
to go into it in large numbers. Do not let
the bees by any means, get to

CLUSTEKING ON THE OITMDE OF THE
HIVES.

If you havebeen " up and dressed, and en
hand," they will seldom commence this
when honey is to be had in the fielcs; but if
a strong colony gets to h.anging out i)repara-
tory to swanning, you must get Hum into
the boxes at all hazards. The fii-st thing is
to be sure they have room near the breed ;
the next, that the hive is properly shaded ;
and we have fourd it a good thing, many
times, to drive them in with smoke. After
they once get started at wcrk, ycu will sel-
dom have trouble with them, but a little
neglect, may be the means of losing a fine
crop of honey. Sections partly filled out by
other colonies, will almost invariably set
them at work. It yon can do no better, di-
vide them ; bnt I should try everything else,
before doing this, if my object were comb
honey.

IT^Irl^iaTEES. At present, the
Italians are by far the most profitable bees
we have, and even the hybrids have sl.owai
themselves so far ahead of the common bee,
that I think we may safely consider all dis-
cussions in the matter at an end. Many
times, we find colonies of hybrids that go
ahead of the pure stock,but as a general thing,
taking one season with another, the pure
Italians, where they have not been enfeebled
by choosing the light colored bees to breed
from, are aher.d of any ncmixture. There
has been a great tendency, with bees as well
as other stock, to pay more attention to
looks, than to real intrinsic worth, such as
honey gathering, ])rolificness of the queens,
hardiness, etc ; and I think this may have had
much to do with the severe losses we have
sustained in winters past. Since the recent
large importations of queens direct from
Italy, and a disposition to be satisfied with
bees that are not all golden yellow, we have
certainly met with much better success in
wintering, as well as honey gathering.

Even if it were true that hybrids produce
as much honey as pure Italians, each bee-
keeper would want at least one queen of ab-
solute and known purity ; for, although a
first cross might do very well, unless we had
this one pure queen to furnish us queen cells,
we would soon have bees of all possible
grades, from the faintest trace of Italian
blood, all the way up. The objection to this
course is that these blacks, with about one
band to show trace of Italian blood, are the

a£6

GLEA^^mGS I^ EEE CULTUE]

Dec.

Avickedest bees to sting, that can well be im-
agined, being very much more vindictive
than either race in its purity; they also have
a very disagreeable way of tumbling off the
combs in a perfectly demoralized state, when-
ever the hive is opened, unless it is in the
height of the honey season, and making a
general uproar when they are compelled by
smoketo"be'"dec^t:"^In attempting to in-
troduce some queens to hives of this class a
few days ago, they uncapped and gorged them-
selves with nearly all the honey in the hive,
every time I looked them over. The conse-
quence was, that after they had been looked
over several times for their queen, queen
cells, 'etc., a large part of their winter stores
were consumed uselessly, for the honey they
had' gorged themselves with, started them
to bitilding comb at a season when it was
not wanted, and so stirred them up, that
they were boiling out at the entrance at a
time when ''honest bees" should have been
snugly tucked away in their winter doze.

Our pure Italian stocks could have been
opened, and their queens removed, scarcely
disturbing the cluster, and as a general thing,
without the use of any smoke at all, by one
who is fully conversant with the habits of
bees. Neither will tliis class of hybrids re-
pel the moth, as do the half bloods, and the
pure race. For these reasons and several oth-
ers, I would rear all queens from one of
known purity. If we do this, we may have,
almost if not quite, the full benefit of the Ital-
ians as honey gatherers, even if there are
black bees all about us.

Suppose you get an imported queen, and
rear queens from her eggs, for all your other
hives, and all increase you may have during
the first season. None of your worker bees,
the next season, will be less than half bloods,
and all your drones will be full bloods. See
DRONE and (^UEEN. The queens that are
reared now, will, many of them, prove pure,
and by persistence in this course year after
year, Italians will soon be the rule instead
of the exception. This is no theory, but has
been the result practically, in hundreds of
apiaries.

Now this is all very clear plain sailing, but
we must take into consideration that our
drones are all the time meeting the queens
from our neighbor's liives, and from the for-
ests. This will have no other effect the first
season, than to produce hybrid workers,
without clranging tlie drone progeny, but
when these hybrid stocks begin to send out
swarms, these swarms will furnisli hybrid
drones, and soon comes all sorts of mixtures.

Well, we shall have to let them mix I sup-
pose, and I do not know that it does any
particular harm, for any admixture of Ital-
ian blood, improves the common stock.

But if we are going to buy or sell bees, we
want to know what to charge for them, and
also what to sell tliem for ; we also wish to
know whicli queens to remove, when we are
Italianizing our apiary throughout; hence
it becomes very important to, know which
are Italians and which are not. To be can-
did, I do not believe it is possible always,
to tell ; but I think we can come near enough
for all practical purposes, as they say in
making astronomical computations.

The queens, and drones from queens ob-
tained direct from Italy, vary greatly in their
markings, but tlie worker bee has one pecu-
liarity that I have never found wanting ;
this is the three yellow bands we have all
heard so much about. Unfortunately there
lias been a great amount of controversy
about these yellow bands and to help restore
harmony, I have been to some expense for
engravings. As is often the case, I failed to
get our city friends to understand just what
I wanted the "big bee" for, so we have made
a sketch of the body of tlie bee, o-urselves
as shown on next page.

Every worker bee, whether common or
Italian, has a body composed of six scales
or segments, one sliding into the other tele-
scopic fashion. When the bee is full of hon-
ey, these segments slide out, and the body
is elongated considerably beyond the tips of
the wings, which ordinarily, are about the
length of the body. Sometimes we see bees
swollen with dysentery, so much that the
rings are extended to their fullest extent,
and in that condition they sometimes would
be called queens, by an inexperienced person.

On the contrary, in the fall of the year
when the bee is preparing for his winter nap,
his body is so drawn up that he
scarcely seems like the same insect. The en-
graving on the right, shows the body of the
bee detached from thes houlders, that we may
get a full view of the bands or markings
that distinguish the Italians from the com-
mon bees. Now I wish you to observe par-
ticularly, that all honey bees, common as
well as Italian, have four bands of bright
colored down, J K L M, one on each of the
four middle rings of tlie body, but none on
the first, and none on the last. These bands
of do\\ii are very briglit on young bees, but
may be so worn off as to be almost or entire-
ly wanting, on an old bee, especially on
those that have been in the Inibit of robbing

TS7

GEEANINGS TX BEE CULTURE.

?>ir

HOW TO TELL HYBRIDS FROM PURE ITALIANS.

very much. This is the explanation of the
glossy blackness of robbers often seen dodg-
ing about the hives. Perhaps squeezing
througli small crevices, has tlnis worn off
f le down, or it may be that pushing through
dens3 masses of bees has something to do
with it, for we often see such shiny black
bees in great numbers, in stocks that have
been nearly suffocated by being confined to
their hives, in shipping, or at other times.

These bands of down differ in shades of
color, many times, and this is the case .with
the common bee, as well as with the Italian.

Under the microscope, the bands are sim-
ply fine soft hair, or fur perhaps, and it is
principally what gives the light colored Ital-
ians tli'jir handsome appearance. You have,
perhaps, ull noticed the progeny of some par-
ticular queen when they first came out to
play, and pronounced them the handsomest
bees you ever saw ; but a few months after,
they would be no better looking than the
rest of your bees. This is simply because
they ha'l worn off their handsome plumage,
in the "Stem realities" of hard work in the
fields. Occasionally, you will find a queen
whose Ijees have bands nearly white in-
stead of yellow, and this is what has led to
the so called Albino bees. When the plu-
mage is gone, they are just like other Ital-
ians. Xow, these bands of down, have noth-
ing to do with the yellow bands that are
characteristic of the Italians, for after tliis
has worn off, the yellow bands, are much
plainer than before. A,B,C, are the yellow
bands, of which we have heard so much,
and they are neither down, ])lumage, nor
anything of that sort, as yoii will see by tak-
ing a careful look at an Italian on the" Avin-
ddw. The scale or horny substance of which
the body is composed, is yellow, and almost
transparent, not black and opaque, as are
the rings of tlie common l)ee, or the same
insect, lower down.

The first yellow band A, is right down next
the waist; now look carefully. It is very

plain, when you once know what to look for,
and no child need ever be mistaken about it.

At the lower edge, is the first black band ;
this, often, is only a thin sharp streak of black.

The second, B, is the plainest of all the
yellow bands, and can usually be seen in
the very poorest hybrids. The first
band of down, is seen where the black and
yellow join, but it is so faint, you will hardly
notice it in some specimens.

We have f^t the lower edge of the scale as
before, a narrow line of black; when the
down wears off, this shows nearly as broad
as the yellow band.

iSTow we come onto disputed ground, for
the third band C, is the one about which
there is so much controversy. Some con-
tend that a pure Italian should show it
whether he is filled with honey or not ; and
others, among whom was our friend (^uinby,
that a part of the bees would show it only
when filled with hoir^v. Now there are,
without doubt, hives of bcos that show this
third band at all times, but it is pretty cer-
tain, that the igreater part of the bees of
Italy, do not. The conclusion, then, is that
the bees of Italy, are not ])ure. Now I think
we should be careful about going to extremes
in these matters, for it is honey, and not yel-
low bands, that is the vital point. The bees
from Italy, are better honey gaiherers etc.,
than ours are, and if we import from Italy,
I think we should be satisfied, to get such as
they have, especially so far as tlie markings
are concerned. My advice is just this ; if
you are undecided in regard to a queen, get
some of the bees that you are sure were
hatched in her hive, and feed them all the
honey they can take ; now put them on a
window, and if the band C, is not plainly
visible, call them hybrids. I advise yoii to
put them on the window, because you may
mistake the band of down which is often
very plain and yellow, for the permanent
yellow band, C. ^ow, the bees from Italy,
are not all alike, and the yellow bands have

32S

GLEANINGS IX BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

cliff erani shadings, as well as the bands of
down ; but they are always found there, so
far as my experience goes, if examined with
sufficient cai'e.

We have he*rd about bees having a fourth
yellow band; this would have to come on L
G ; but, although we have made a great many
examinations, we have never been able to
find more than very bright yellow down, and
no trace of the yellow in the horny scale, as
we find it in A *B and C.

When we come to hybrids, we shall find a
greater diversity, for while the bees from
one queen are all pretty uniformly marked
with two bands, another's will be of all sorts;
some beautifully marked Italians, some pure
black, others one or two banded. Some
will sting with great venom, while oihers
with only one or two bands, will be as peace-
able as your best Italians. Without a
doubt, many queens have been sent out as
pure, that produced only hybrids; but since
my recent studies in the matter, I am pretty
well satiSiied that I have sold several queens
as hybrids, that were really full bloods. A
very slight admixture of black blood, will
cause the band C, to disappear on some of
the bees, but we should be very careful in
such matters to be sure that the bees in
question were really hatched in the hive ;
for bees of adioining hives, often mix to a
considerable extent. If you examine a col-
ony of blacks and one of hybrids that stand

Fig. 1

side by side, you will find many Italiansi
among the blacks, and many blacks among
the Italians. Take yoiing bees that you are
sure have hatched in the liive, and you will
be pretty safe, but you cannot readily distin-
guish the third band, until they are several
days old.

P3'i^lS3fl'. You have all, doubtless,
heard bees humming about Hollyhock blos-
soms, but perhaps most of you have passed
on, thinking that it was nothing strange,
for bees are always humming about flow-
ers. Suppose we stap just a minute, and
look into the matter a little. The bee, al-
though on the wing, is almost motionless as
he hovers about the dust in the centre of
the flowers, and by careful watching, we
may see that his tongue is extended to a con-
siderable length. This tongue looks much
like a delicate pencil brush as he sweeps it
about among the grains of pollen, and as the
pollen adheres to it and is from time to time
put away somehow, we are led to infer that
there must be something adhesive on it. I
believe the bee when he starts out to gather
pollen, does carry along a store of honey for
this very purpose. Well we will suppose he
has moistened his long flexible brush-like
tongue with honey, has spread it out and
brushed it among the pollen grains and then
— I rather think I shall have to give you
some pictures before I can well explain to
you what happens next. Here they are :

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

HOW THE BEE GETS THE POLLEN FROM THE FLOWERS.

Fig. 1, is a collection of pollen grains high- time, but if you should put the handle of the
ly magnified, and A, is exactly the kind the duster in your mouth, you might with the

bee finds in the Hollyhock. Fig. 2, is the "^ " ' ' ^ - ■

tongue of the bee, and Fig. 3, is one of his
fore feet, just to show you what a funny ma-
chine he is provided with, for getting the pol-
len off his tongue. There is a little blade as
it were, at B, that opens and shuts, and the
bee, when his tongue is well loaded, just
claps it into the grooved or fluted cavity C,
then shuts down B, and gives his tongue a
"wipe," so quickly tliat he leaves sleight of
hand performers all far in tlie shade. I be-
lieve lie generally wipes his tongue with
both fore feet at once, and wlien he does
this, his appearance viewed tln-ough a glass,
is comical in the extreme. Suppose you
were to take a featlier duster, dip it in lioney,
and then roll it in currants. It would be a
big job to pick these currants off, one at a

thumb and forefinger of eacli hand strii>
them all off clean at one "lick," and then
your duster would be ready for another
" dip." This is just the way the bee does it,
but he has rather the advantage, for his
thumb and finger are fluted or grooved, in
the way I have explained, that he may be
able to sweep off his tongue " slick and
clean " without hindrance. Now it is anoth-
er " knack " he has, of getting it into his
pollen baskets, after he gets it oft" his ton-
gue, but as I am at the end of my page, I
tliink we shall have to continue our story
next year, as they say in romances. If I have
in the least made you feel that the book of
nature is more wonderful and more satisfy-
ing than any work of fiction, I shall be very
glad indeed.

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

329

From Different Fields.

HOW 1 CURED FOUL BROOD.

MY bees ha't foul brood last year, and I tried Hy-
posulphite of soda. This summer, I tried sall-
cylic acid, and the same with borax, but all

would not do. About the mldille of June, when hon-
ey was plenty. I took all the comb out and put in emn-
ty frames, leaving ihem 24 hours; 1 then shooli the
bees into a hive that had been Bcaldcd with lye (left
from making soao), and filled with new frames and
fdn. The brood 1 put into aqueenless stock till it was
nearly all out, then melted the old combs and scalded
all the frames, hives and honey boards. In the lye.
They are now doing finely. The fdn., I found
stretched, although it was pure wajr, but I found a
simple cure for that. Whan I put the fdn. In the
frame with a solderinsr bolt and a piece of wax, I run
a strip of wax about U Inch wide down the middle of
the sheet on one side. After awhile, thev will work
it all into comb. James McKay.

Madison, Wis., Sept. 2-2d. 1877.

CATNIP SEED, AGAIN.

I notice in Nov. Xo. of Gleanings, page 3C8, the
statement of C. F. Muth, Cincinnati, O., and Stair &
Kendel, Cleveland, O., in regard to catnip. 1 have
never cultivated, nor seen any person cultlvat(i catnip.
Las; year, I let all the seed stalks stand. This year,
the great difficulty, with me, was to keep the catnip
out of my garden beds. The place whero 1 cleaned
the seed, of which I sent you a sample. Is covered with
young stalks as thick as they can aland. I have some
stalks that have blossomed Irom the parly seed of
this year. P. Graham.

Johnstown, Pa., Nov. 5th, 1877,

All my hives are painted In li^ht colors; while the
paint is green, I have them hold up and smoked with
a lamp or candle, which clouds them very prettily.
My handsomest are pearl color and brown. How
would those color < clouded, do for your packing or
shipping case? The honey would look white, thus
contrasted. Marv H. Mills.

Alexandria, Pa., Sept. 11th, 1877. *

CROSS BEES.

I had some of the crossest bees this summer that
were ever heard of. Thev would fight the top of a
stovepipe that runs up through a shed roof; there
would be 50 or 100 bees at once, just Wiiacklng against
that pipe, and very many fell into it and burned to
death.. They would dive into my 8moke-i)an, and
burn up in that, and sting folks along the road. What
the cause was I could not imagine, but at last I hap-
pened to think. I had been destroying drone brood,
and when it was In a milky state I could not shake it
Gilt of the combs; the bees would eat it and It just
made them crazy and ugly. Well, I always want to
be sure about anything, so 1 left it off for a while and
they became peaceable again. On again giving them
access to the milky brood, the same result followed. I
suppose you will laugh, but 1 am well satisfied that
this and this only, was the cause of the fierceness of
the b'jes. Have you ever known or heard of anything
of the kind ? D. Gardner.

Carson City, Mich., Nov. 9th. 1877.

To be sure you are right frieud D.; the milky
food given the drones, will be more readily de-
voured by robbers, than honey even ; and after
it is gone, you will have just such a demora-
lized set of bees, as when they get a little taste
of new honey during a scarcity. In cutting
out queen cells, I have often had robbers get
at the pieces of brood taken out to make room
for the cells, and if these pieces are not kept
out of the way, you will very likely get some
pretty severe stings btifore you get through. I
hardly know why bees get into such an insane
frenzy, after having had a taste of new honey
or unsealed larvae, but I have seen them, at
such times, stiug almost every thing and every-
body : even posts and stove-pipes, as you have

mentioned. The remedy is to be neat and tidy
about your apiary, and leave nothing in the
shape of combs or honey lying about. Do not
throw even so much as a discarded queen cell
on the ground.

From 47 colonies In spring, I have taken .3,150 lbs.
extracted, and 1.3(0 lbs. comb honey. Total, 4,450 lbs.
Average for 47 hives. 94 lbs. I have Increased to 90
colonies. This report may be divided, thus: Hives
worked for cxtd. honey, 14, average 225 lbs; hives
worked for comb honey ana swarms, 31, average 41 lbs,
and 13 swarms; divided into nuclei, 2. Have sold
queens and bees for 823. and 3,200 lbs. honey, most of
It near homo. Sold comb honey at 20c, and extd., at
12X. The season for surplus begins here from the 20th
of May to 1st of June, and ends July 5lh to 10th.
Poplar and white clover are the main sources, with a
little sprinkling of basswood, which blooms here
July, Ist. Jonas scholl.

Lyon's Station, Fayette Co., Ind., Nov. 12th, '77.

I had 38 stocks, all black, last fall, had 15 this spring,
and now have 35. Out of five queens from Nellis, 1 have
one still, seemiuiijly well bred. One flew in the air, two
were killed after they had commenced laying, and one
more was lost by ^howins; her to every one that came
along. 1 took about 1,700 lbs of honey, all extracted, of
which about 150 lbs were from dandelions, GOO from clover,
and 950 from basswood. Some did not gather enough af-
ter extraciing for winter use, and had to be fed. I used
to wish I had some of your feeders.

Samuel H. Kekfoot.

Minesing, Ontario, Can., Oct. 26th, 1877.

The bees bought of .you last April, seem to be doing very
well. They take to the foundation very kindly. Perhaps
the following statistics from the Kausas Ag. Report may
interest you and >our readers.

Number of Hives 9.213 (inl875.)

Honey 37.175 lbs.

Wax 2.666 " "

The report for 1876 is rot out yet. If a jar of candled
honey is set in a vessel of cold water, put on a slow fire
and the temperature kept at 212° F. till the honey is all
dissolved, it will not candy again; so says the " Druggist's
Circular.'' J. P. Barton.

Chicago, Ills., Aug. 18th, 1877.

If the report given is correct, it is certainly
very low, for honey. More than 3^4 that
amount is sold from Medina Co., alone, every
year. The Druggist's Circular has been rath-
er hasty in its conclusions. Some honey, after
being thoroughly melted, will not candy again
in a long time, but other samples will candy
just as many times as you expose it to a low
or freezing temperature, unless it is sealed up
hot like fruit, as we have before explained.

MELTING CANDIED HONEY.

The Druggist's Circular is in error again, in
directing that the honey be heated to the boil-
ing point; such a heat will injure both the
color and flavor almost invariably, and ISO'^
will melt it just as well, although it may take
a little longer.

CANDY MAKING.

I have many hives eating framed candy. I think it like-
ly that the only thing I will have to complain aboutj
will be, that, long ago, when j'ou were thinking candy
bricks you did not think a little larger, and give us frames
of candy at once, It is rather a joke on one, to scorch a
batch of syrup, and keep on boiling and stirring in vain
hope that it will make candy. My "Golden C" sugar re-
quires 1 pint of water to 6 or 7 lbs. of sugar, but I put in
only 5 lbs, until it boils, and then stir in sugar until it is
of the right con.sisteney. I then get my wife to sift in the
flour while I stir. As I have 75 or 100 lbs. at once in the
wash-boiler, I draw the kitchen table up against the boil-
er in front of the stove, for understand we have full pos-
session of the kitchen at this time, and ladle the thick s.vr-
up into the frames, as they lie on newspapers spread on
the table. These papers will stick to the candj', if not
greased, except ,\ou remove them before the candy is cold.
In hopes of rain in this month, to cheer bee keepers and
others, I remain yours R. Wilkin.

San Buenaventura. Cal Nov, 5th, 1877.

330

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUKE.

Dec.

ENAMELED CLOTH FOE COVEEING THE FHAME8.

I have tried enameled cloth instead of duck for a cover-
ing to frames, and tind it far sujwrior to duck. You must
try it and report. Cut it full sizs of hive outside. It was
discovered by Mr. \Y. J. A.idrew-s, of Columbia, Tenn.
He uses enameled duck, but i tind the pi lin domestic en-
ameled will do, an i costs aooat IO3 per hive. I believe
plain brown domestic, coicei with linseed oil and rosin,
will be bitter. It shoald become dr> before use. I in-
tend to try it next seivjn. S. C. Dodg-e.

Chattaaoo^i, Tenn., Aug. 3d, 1877.

I have used the enameled cloth for several
months, aud it is a fact that the bees " let it
alone " seemiusrly, better than any substance
heretofore tried. Almost no propolis at all is
found on it, aud I can ima'^ine them saying, as
they look it over, " Well, this is about as
smooth and tight as we could make it if we
tried, so we think we will just let it be." The
quesiijn now comes, how is it going to answer
for winter? As it is impervious to water, I
havd some doubts ; but with a good chaff cush-
ion over it, it may not prove so disastrous after
all. At any rate, we are giving them a lest.

I have 27 colonies of bees; began the season with 5. Our
fall honey here is so bitter that it cannot be used for any
purpose. It is from a yellow flower, known as bitter
weed, which made its appea •aac3 here about 18G}. taking
jjossession of all lanels .not under cultivation. Our milk,
in early summer, cannot be used. Dan. Nicholson.

Terry, Miss.. Oct. 23d, 1877.

I be?an last sprin; with 1 hive of so calletl, Italians.
They are hybrids, I suppose, as vhey have but two bands.
I now have five stocks and have taken 200 lbs. comb
honey from the parent coljiiy and its first swarm, which
was a natural one. The 01 hers are artificial, and have
yielded no surplus, but have a good .stock for winter.
Mrs. S. D. Thukhond.

Dry Grove, Miss., Oct. 31st, 1877.

You will have to put me in the list of " Blasted Hopes "'
this time. Following your directions (exactly as 1 did 3
weeks ago with success), af^er taking away the old queen,
1 put the cage with new one on top of the frames, under
the ducK. Twenty hours later, the queeii and all her
companions were deal in the cage. I cannot account for
it, unless they were smuhjred. Two hours after putting
her in, 1 took a peep at them to see what they were doing.
The hive seemed much disturbed and they were clinging
in a thick knot to the ca%-3. This knotting and the warm
day, I think will account for it. But wh it does Glban-
1SNG9 say? Lawrence Johnson.

Holly Springs, Miss., Aug. 26 th, 1877.

I confess, I can hardly understand why a
queen and bees should be found dead under
such circumstances. When the bees were
clinging tightly to the cage, I have always felt
that they were safe if they had plenty of food,
aud if you used the candy cage, they were cer-
tainly all ri2ht in that respect. Since using
flour in the candy, we have found that the bees
use the candy much more freely, both in tlie
slabs, and iu the cag^s ; and it may be that a
certain quantity of pollen is needed as well as
honey, to keep, even o'd bees, in perfect health.

The candy used now for the cages, contains
'i-10 flour, and I believe not one loss has been
reported since it has been used.

In July No. you say, " in selecting brood for queen rear-
ing, be sure you have no drone larva;, for the bees, by
gome strange perversion of instinct, will very often build
queen calls over them, rs^tiHitij always in nothing but
f- dead droneP Now, I balieve the idea of its " resulting
(I'.wa.ys in nothing bnt a dead drone" is accaoted by near-
ly all the leidinif apiarians, but. notwitiistanding, it has
been pr)sitively disproved by Add. Bair, an experienced
apiari 111 of this pi ico. He says that, from circumstances
occasionnly brought to his notice, he had been led to the
belief tliat drones did sometimes issue from queen cells,
and a circuiMstMuce of very recent date verified the fact.
He was raisinsr a (jueen, as he supposed, from choioe stock,
and when the date passed tor its appearance audit came
not, suspicion crept up jn him that its inmate was not a

queen. He therefore resolved himself into a vigilance
committee, with a determination to see what would come
of it ; and when the d vte came tor a drone to issue, he was
extracting basswood honey, which gave him quite a favor-
able opportunity to guard his would be queen. He looked
to the cell every hour, and finally discovered a something,
gnawing its way out. He took the card in his hands, as-
sisted the inmate of the cell to make its exit, and lo ! a.
perfect drone. He thinks this will account for th3 oft
mysterious disappearance of a queen that has evidently
issued, but cannot be found— instead of a queen it was a.
drone. D. R Baker.

Rollersville, O.. July 16th, 1877.

This has been a very good honey season with most peo-
ple, but I nm a "bran new" hand, ,ind have had poorer
" luck." My bees would not work well in the upper story,
and I have iust found out that they stored too much honey
below, not leaving the queen space enouzh.

T. W. LiPPINCOIT.

Pana, Ills., Sept. 18th, 1877.

Right here is where the beauty of the sec-
tions in frames comes in, friend L. Had you
hung some of these in the lower story, they
could not well have helped themselves, and
after they were well started, you could have
raised them above, bees and all. Yqu must
not let the bees cheat you in that way again,
even if you are a new hand.

I wish, next yetr, to work my bees for increase, raising
my queens in two frame nuclei, and when they commence
layin,', buildino: them up with brood and bees from the
old colonies. If I have .an extractor, do you think I can
keep them from swarming without putting on an upper
story ?

Only by taking away brood also, if the colo-
nies are strong.

My nuclei shall start in full si/.ad Simolicities, as you
advise in the A B 0. Will it take as much time to work
them this way, as to rais-; como honey, let:i!ig some of
them swarm naturally, and ra.ising .queens to Italianize
them ?

This ouestion, like many others, is given in
such a way that it is h irdly possible to give
au intelligible answer. I think it would, very
likely, take more labor to raise queens, than to
raise comb houi'y ; but we can only get the
honey when there is a plentiful yield, whereas
we can raise queens at any time when bees can
fly, even during a severe drouth. Of course
we should have to feed, but I think the queens
would more than pay all expenses.

Have you had good success in s:^nding larva? for queen
rearing? and does it do to depend on it, sent by mail, for
rearing queens, if one has no imported queens ?

To be sure we succeed, or larva; would not
be otr.ired, year after year, in our price lists. If
you comply with the conditions therein given,
there will be very few failures.

How do transferred colonies comp.are with others, pro-
vided they were strong before transferring ?

Subscriber, Bloomington, Ills.,

Colonies that are properly transferred are
just as g03d as they were before, of course. If
you leave out the drone brood, they are usual-
ly considerably better.

We have not had an average season for honey this year;
ba-,swood was good, but short ; it lastf d only 10 days. I
got ')8 lbs, from ono of my best hives in i days, and from
some, took 200 during the season, from basswood, but no
honey aftor tho 2tth of July. I started with 00 stocks, tool
my honey from half, 2,im lbs. and increased to 133 with
the other half. I got them all in good shape for the fall
crop of hoivjy. The flowers blossomed and were visited by
the bees, but they came with light loads and seemed to
only make a lii'ing. Nearly ^ the new swarms about here
must starve this winter; there are few who will dve them
honey. LE^VI3 Kellst.

Ionia, Mich., Oct. 29th, 1877. .

1877

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

331

WINTKEINO ITALIANS.

I commenced last sjiiing wiih 1-5 swnims niid iiK-reased
4o 28. Six lelt lor ilio woods and 1 Kot 'M Uis. ol oAtnicted
honey. l''rmii ilie lOth of AuKtist iJie (low of honey stop-
iped Jii [K'count uf drouth, luid we liiid no fsill lioney. I
diave kept iiiiliiin bets for 5 or <l winleis, in Minnesota,
'i'hey wintered as well us my blacks.

BEE HCJNTINO IN TME MOUNTAINS.

Your bee- luinlinp is gocd, tut anitnjj mountains you
would be cjfien Kieatly mii-iaken if >cu "xiecttxl to lind
5hem on a .straight lU'io fioin jour bi.il, for they willlly up
a canon, down a side canon and up aiKJlher, making
angles ;.nd ciook.s, and always ciotf-ing the ridges where
ihey are lowest. John Beckly.

Cannon City. Minn., Oct. 18th, 1877.

I am fnly a beginner in bee culture, ha\ing commenced
ithis ^pli^J^ with ti (olonies of black bees. Have increased
to 14 colonies, stiorip and well pro\i!-ioned lor winter, and
have laKen .^00 lbs. extrae'Ud honey, which I find ready
jale iovat lome, at LX)cts. i-erlb. i Italianized my bees
Irom a tlo(k loii(;la (f J. M. liitoks & Bro., and think
ihey are decidedly better in s<;veial particulars. Have
had' :i good honey seascn here. If 1 had known how to
manage my bees' at the beginning of the season 1 could
have had a larger yield of honey. 1 hoie to profit from
the study of jour A B C in Bte culture by anoiher season.
G. M. COVEHT, M. D.

Sellersbur«, Ind., Sept. 27th, 1877.

I commenced last spiing with 0 swarms of bees— ti
blacks aid 3 hybrids— and increas-ed to c5 by naiuial
swarmin;;. ] have taken about lOCO lbs. box hont j , w hi( h
1 sell rei.dily at iO cts. per lb- This was neaily :dl gaih-
ered from linn, buck v^heat and golden rod. wiih a lilile
white clo\er. 1 think my locality one of the bevt hi the
country, there is an abundance of willow wiihin a half
mile ol'my apiaiy and hur.dieds of acies of linn, eini and
maple on e\eiy side ; also fall floweis glow in abundance.
White clover Lcgins to glow quite ihi(kl.\ ah iig the load-
sides ar.fi in pastures. 1 mean to Italianize in the spring.
Hbw early could jou ship yn inipt.iteu (or diiughter of an
impoi ted) queen V 1 think if 1 can get one f ai ly enough,
I will raise ray own ciuttns. J. A. fevvAN.

Claiksville, Iowa, ISov.-lih, 1877.

Queens can be sent in full colonies, anj'
month in the year. A two frame nucleus
hive could be sent safely in March, and oiuetns
can be tent in our large sized candy cages,
about as soon, probably. We are now — INov.
7th — SLndin^ out quite a number, although
the weather is somewhat wintry.

The bees have filled every cell in two sits of boxes in
the case you sent, and are now storing Irora Canada
Jhistle. Geo. B. Peters.

Council Bend, Ark., Aug. 2Ed, 1877.

CONTRARY BEES.

On the 15!h of May I divided a colony of bees that had
«io queen, giving half to one coli'iiy and the other half to
another. They seenud to get along amicably lor a day or
two, when, oil opening one of the hives, 1 found the bees
were li.ving to tmother the queen. As fast as 1 would
liberate her, they would gather round her Egain lorniing
a ball the size ot a hen's egg. I dipped her in honey and
returned her to the hive, as soon as thej ate all the honey
olT her, they clustered round her agai'i, and kept this up
for a day or two, when I fount! her in I'lont of the hive
dead. 1 then gMV(! them a frarce of comb with eggs to raise
a queen, and they started queen cells immcdiatly. On
the 11th of .June," the queen come out. On the 17th, I
opened the hive and found th(y were trying to smother
Jier. 1 n leased her. and as soon as they saw her, they
again encircle<l her. How long they had been at this, 1
am unable to say, rs I did not examine them from the 11th
to the the 17th" Now, I have read and heard of bees
smothering queens under conditiuns similar to the 1st,
above mentioned, but why they should smother a queen
of their own raising, Is btyond my ken. There are no
fertile workers in the hive.

A. C. LlTTLEJOHN.

New Orleans, La., June l.'ith, 1877.

Occasionally, a colony will act just like the
one you have mentioned, but I have never
failed to make them civil, by giving them a
good lot of brood, and then a regular feeding.
I say regular, for one or two feeds often
amount to but little; but if you feed every

day, for a week, you will see everything begin
to prosper; queen, workers and all. Almost
all these troubles, show themselves during a
scarcity of honey; for. when bees are losing
every a ay, they are pretty apt to ftel cross,
like " other lolks." Make them good naturtd,
and then go on with your quetu introducing.

Many thanks for A our promptness in scndiriK the fine
queen. She came to hand on the Iblh, eleven days from
the date of my order, as fiesli and li\ely as though just
from the hi\e, and would have stood a jouiney to Caliloi-
nia; only a [■mall poition of the candy v%as consumed. She
is now la.Aing. 1 liave now ! 0 ooloiiits and propose ma-
king her the mother of them all next spring.

J. D. Bedell.

Franklin, St. Marys Paiish, La., Oct. 28th, '77.

In giving place to SrO many letters similar to
the above, I presume I shall be censured by
some, as using these pages to advertise my
cages and queens. Very likely there is some
truth in the idea, but my friends you can make
the cages and raise the queens just as well as
I can, 1 am sure, after the very full directions I
have given you, and as we are all interested in
tiny new discovery like the candy cage, 1 leel
that we can all rejoice in its success. Were
there a patent or any considerable profit on
the goods, 1 confess I should feel some hesitan-
cy in making public such approving lelteis.

The picceeds of 17 celeries cf lees for the pieunt sea-
son ait i)40 ILs. hontj, mostly sold at 14c, or lathtr, told
at iOc, but 1 pay 2c lor selling.

940 lbs.(a 18c «1C9 20

li' J ouiig swai ms(a<i5.(K) each i)5 CO

n&i 20

Except 2 stocks, 1 extracted from the brood chamber
only. Intenu to use two story hi\es next jear. Am sure,
with them, 1 could ha\e secured much more this season.

The labels leceivetl fiora .^ou look bright and brisk, and
give the jars quite a holiday appearance.

S. T. Pettit.

Belmont, Ontaiio, Can., Aug. Slst, 1877.

imported queeks,
1 have been buying imported queens, for some years
I past, fiom parties who ha\ead\ertistd this cla.ss of queens
tor sale, and in most cases, think 1 got what 1 paid for.
I But about the 1st of Sept. last, 1 decitled to do my own
importing ; so I firetl oft an order to L. Tiemontani, Cre-
mona, Italy, for two queens, 1 lequtsled sent me one
light, and one dark queen, the extremes m both colors as
I bred in Ital^. A lew evenings since, the express agent of
our town sent me two little boxes direct from Itali. Not
{ much time was lost getting them inloaclcsed loom, by
I the window, where 1 could see what kind of luck 1 had on
j hand. The first box opened, revealed a pleasing sight to
I my vision. A splenditl large bright queen, as lively as a
I pricket. Good enough ! 1 said, slipping her carefully and
j securely into a queen cage. Now lor the other box, which
I seemed still as death ; and sure enough, "nary" live bee
or anything else "riz" out of that box. All daubed with
1 honey and dead in the bottom; and as there were three
! little trames of honey with scarcely a cell of it eaten, I
i suppose they were all dead shortly alter shipment. The
j weight of the solid cakes of honey hatl pressed down on
j the bottom bars of the frames, causing so much honey to
: run out as to destroy the bees. Two combs in the box
! containing the living queen, were without honey, or near-
I ly so. 1 think if these little combs were placed in a hive
o'f bees, all welded to the frames and cleaned up nicely
j before btes and queen were put in the shipping box, they

would come through with more safety.
I I think it all a notion that queens from Italy are not as
bright as home bred queens. This queen I have just re-
ceived, is about as yellow as any 1 have ever seen bred
here. The dead queen was very dark as well as the bees,
but they were so honey soaked I could tell but little about
them. "l have my queen safely introduced into a ten
frame Novice hive, with plenty of honey and the c?iaj[jt
attachment. Now, 1 am sure I have a real imported
queen. There is .some satisfaction, in being the first man
to see a queen walk out of the shipping box, on this side
the big water.

J. A. Buchanan, Wintersville, Ohio.

3Si

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTUEE.

Dec.

I suppose I ou^ht to make a report of doings in bee cul-
ture this season." I started with 11 stocks in Lana;stroth
hives, transferred (>, sold 1100 lbs. of hone.v and have on
hand 500 lbs. The bees are still tcatherin^ from fzolden
rod and buckwheat. I now have U swarms, all in good
condition. I like the lueens gotten from Nellis first r ite.
I Itahanized 10 in Sept. and will Italianize the remainder
in spring. .

I like the extractor much, it has doubly paid for itself.
Comb fdn. does ttnely for starters in bo.xes. I expect to
make a better report next season, but I think I hive
done pretty well this season considering it is the first. I
have a good market in Houston and Galveston.

J. W. BCKMAN.

Richmond, Texas, Oct. 25th, 1S77.

If the above is the report of your first season,
friend E., I do not kaow but we would all beV
ter commence back, and learn over again.

Our honey season, which closed the (Uh of September,
was scarcely an average one. In the spring it was too
cold and wet, and in the fall too dry. I wintered without
loss and had no disease, except scarcity of honey. [ made
no increase except a few nuclei, in order to keep the orig-
inal numt)er of queens, yet I averaged only about 110 Ihs.
per colony, or about 14,500 lbs. from 130 colonies. I sup-
pose I might a,5 well try to be content and see if 1 can't do
better another year. The above is all extracted honey. I
use 2 story hives, winter in a house above ground, never
lose any in wintering and have no spring dwindling. All
sprinir (Iwinlling is due to bad management or bad honey ;
usuallv, the former. E. C. L. Larch.

Ashland, Mo., Oct. 2(;th, 1877.

TUKNIPS FOR BEES.

Last spring I found my bees gathering more pollen
from a turiii ). I hat we sow in August for winter and
spring greens, thin from anything else. Landretli calls
it the "Seven Top Turnip." I enclose a few seed tliit
you may, (if you have not already the sime kind) try in
your garden. Bacon and- turnip greens oorae in "niij;hty
well" in March and .\pril. Should .i ou like to get more
seed this summer, I have plenty, and would be ;'.lad to
send some fre^. Turnip seed are so easily raised, that 25
cts. per lb. would pay better than wheat. Two l'')s. would
sow an acre, if you have the turnip please excuse thi* ;
my reason for writinu:is that Landreth mentions this va
riety as a Southern kind. A. "W. Kaye.

Pewee Valley, Ky., Aug. 22d, 1877.

The seed was sown about the 1st of Oct.,
and now we have a patch of most beautiful
luxuriant green foliage ; in passing by tliem, I
have often broken off and eaten the leaves, and
they have a very pleasant taste, even in their
raw state. We sowed them wiiere the early
potatoes had been harvested. As very few
weeds make their appearance so late in the
season, it will be a comparatively easy matter
to have a nice plot of turnip blossoms to fill
the vacancy between fruit blossoms and clovcr.

EMBOSSED COMB HONET.

You were entirely wrong, in your explanation of how
the designs were wrought on the section of comb ; see
Oct. No , page •17Ci. I have tried the method you describe,
but it does not succeed well ; it is done much more easily,
by simply uncapping the design you wish to raise, or
around the one you wish to depress, and moving tlie
comb, giving space to carry out or raise the part thus un-
capped. They will not, ordinarily, uncap combs once
sealed until they want the honey ; althoujrh they may be
moved apart much farther than usually built. Now, I
am led to reflect that there are many errors among bee-
keepers— the result of wrong conclusions. Don't you
think so ? H. R. Boardman.

East Townsend, Ohio, Nov. 8th, 1S77.

You are right; we do often .iump at conclu-
sions hastily. I suggested the plan I gave, be-
cause I had done it in that way, but yours is
perhaps simpler. If I am correct, all we have
to do, is to cut a paper pattern of our design,
and laying it on a nice section of honey, uncap
all tliat the paper does not cover, and hang it
in a hive while lioney is coming in, moving the
combs a little farther apart, "than they stood
originally. The uncapped cells will then be

lengthened out, and sealed over again, thus
giving a bulged appearance forming the design
first cut through the paper. With a full frame,
you could easily have the bees work your in
itials in sealed honey, just as oar candy Ijoy
makes an embossed "A. I. li.," on a frame of
candy.

A PLEA FOE THE TOADS.

I should think Gleanings a pretty good Bee Journil, if
it were not for its immoral tendency. The picture and
remarks on page 216 of the August No. is the immorak
portion to which I allude. I do not dispute the statement
tbat toads eat bees, but I do say, to-ids caiinot eat bees if
the hives are placed on suitable stands. If there wee no
way to prevent their e-iting bees, I should say the bees
were doing the farmer more injury, by tillin;? the toad's
stomach, to the exclusion of other insects, than the toad
could do to the bee-keeper by eating bees. 1 cannot be
said to be prejudiced against bee-keepers for I have more
bees than any of my near neiahbors ; and my income from
them is more than that from farm crops. Martins are
said to cat bees, but we have three large martin houses
close to the api-iry, and i have never yet seen a martin eat
a bee. The martins are the variety of which the males
are black and the females have grey breasts.

All toads do not eat bees, neither do all
martins; just as, only now and then, we find a
colony of bees that learn to eat grapes. It
seems to be a sort of "'sport of nature," if we
may so term it. I would n'>t kill all the toads,
u-jither would I kill all the martins, or bees;
but when I found a toad gobbling up bees in
front of a hive, d lily. 1 would either " kill or
cure" him, just as I would a hen that had
learned to eat all her eggs. If you put your
hive upon 1l'.ts, where will you shake the bee.s
from the frames or sections, tlr.it they may get
back in readily V If you put up a broad board,
the toad 'vil! cUmb up this, just about as easi-
ly as a laden bee can.

POISONOUS PROPERTIES OF ZINC

In Gleanings for Aug. you say, truly, that the iX)ison-
ous properties of '/Atw and galvanized iron, are now pretty
well established; but you speak of h-ivmg decided, to
.■sour s itistaclioii, by a practical test. Now, as some peo-
ple require " line upon line and precept upon precept."
before tiny are convinced of anvlhing in a practical man-
ner, I think you would do well to give the particulars of
your experiment. H. A. Spbague.

Charlotte, Maine, Aug. .31st, 1877.

Our water tank, just by the door out on the
walk, is mads of galvanized iron, and I discov-
ered that, while drinking the water from it, I
was troubled with a very disagreeable taste of
copper -in my mouth. This, at times, almost
made me sick. Others did not notice it, so I
said nothing, but I finally had the water
brought from another well. This made no
difference, so I drank at the well, instead of at
the tan:i ; relief came at once, an:l I decided it
was the ice, and declared quite emphatically,
that ice water was unwholesome. About this
time some one spoke of zinc, and I purposely
drank some water that had stood over night in
the bottom of the tank, without ice. The dis-
agreeable taste was so nauseating, thatl felt it
during the whole forenoon, and our tinners
were directed to line the whole inside with tin,
at once. I can now drink of the iced water
freely, and have never since e.xpt rienced any
such symptom. Am I not right, my friends, in
deciding against galvanized iron or zinc for
honey extractors, or any of the untensils of the
apiary ?

The 5 dollar queens you sent ine, were nil purely
fertilized. Geo. W. Gamble.

Fredericksburg. Ohio, Oct. 21th, 1877.

1877

. GLEANIi^GS IN BEE CULTURE.

333

|Mf 'Jieiim.

And herein do 1 exrvcise myself, to have always a
vonsclcncs v( id ot oflence toward God and toward
tnen.— Acts, 14 : l<i.

a

T our prayer meethip: ^^aturday afteruoon,
jr^-i just after the Nov. Journal had gone out.

^^' I was surprised 1o hear our minister, af-
ter readinjr from some of our l)cst authors in
reffunl to he philosophy ofcor.scier.ee, read an
extract from Gi-EANiNGS. It was the opening
illustration in regard to the Sabbath day. As
ti matter cf course, I felt somewhat proud of
having my humble work placed side by side
with that of great and good men, who had
written in times past, and when I got liome, I
of course had to tell my wife about it that she
might rejoice too, that even our own Medina
people b»^gan to make- inquiries in regard to my
"' bee-paper," for it is a fact kind friends, that
many ii: our own town, do not even know of
the existence of such a periodical. Usually,
when anything is mentioned as having been
the v.'ork of our own townsmen, we think we
know them so well, that it is scarcely possible
they kn iw very much that we do not already
know. For this reason, Gleanings is very lit-
tle read or noticed in our own town.

Well, taking this into consideration, I was,
as I h&\\- staled, very agreeably surprised,
when many of my friends gathered about me,
and seme of them asked where they could tind
the book containing the rest of "that story."
Well, what do you think my wife said? She
i^aid the rrtic'c was verj' good; in fact, one of
the best I had ev^r written, and that she
thought I above all others, was the very one
who u((de(l to read it. Now was not that
rather c(;ol V That I ought to read one of my
<ncn ariu-Ies? I stood in mute wcnder, of
course, and then mildly asktd.

" What especial portion of it ought I to
read y"

'• That in which the lawyer said you bad him
in a 'tight place,' when he had promised to
help pc rsuade the boys to stop swearing, and
theii rem.' mbered that he was addicted to the
iiabit himself."

" Ye— e— s," I replied, as I began to look back
into my own " self."

" Of course my husband you do not swear,
hut, as an illustration, you are very severe on
those who lorget and make mistakes, and yet j
jjou are verp forgetful, and make a great mary !
mistakes. Of course you have many things to
oversee, ;!nd much care of various kinds, but ;
if you arc goirglo tench the boys to be accu-
rate and avoid making mistakes, ought you :
not to be very careful to make none yourself, ',
or else be more lenient with those who do, like '
ijourself, ' make blunders '." i

She had given me a sort of a side view that i
I had not befire taken, of myself, and as l!
looked round in that direction, I discovered a i
great dtal that neeckd looking after. I sat j
down and pondered, and the more I pondered, ^
the smaller I felL When the lawyer spoke of
breaking ofl' swearing, I looked at it as a very {
easy matter ; and when I talked with the boys I
ill jail, :;b(.nt breaking off from intemperate
haijits, T assured them that God would give I

them the strength if they would only come to
him humbly and ask him to help them. The
worst one of thetn, the skeptic, said he had
done so, but that the trouble was, he would
change his mind, at times, and would not want
to stop ; therefore, he had but little hope that
he should ever do much better. What a piti-
ful confession was this ; a human being who
had lost hope, one who had no faith in God,
and had almost lost faith in himself; I knew
the boy needed' the companionship of strong
kind friends ; and as he was one of the liist to
kneel in prayer at my last visit with liim, in
spite of his defiant scepticism before, I felt sure
there was hope for him. Was I the jiroper
person to point out the way to himV As I sat
and pondered, after my wife had forgotten all
about what she had said, it came up full and
plain before me, how I had on bended knee
asked God to help me to overcome that miser-
able despicable habit cf finding fault and
scolding, and yet — and yet— to tell the truth, I
fear that like my poor friend and brother in
the jail, I, at times did not want to stop. He
excused himself by saying that he inherited
his love of drink, for his father died of the de-
lirium tremens. Therefore, he must go on
drinking. I have sometimes been tempted to
partly excuse myself, by saying my father was
a man of the old strict " Down East " style who
had no pardon or compromise lor any one. If
a church member sinned, he would demand
that he be put out forthwith; for what busi-
ness had a man in a church who told lies, or
stole, or got drunk or — " got mad ?" No, no ; it
was right to get mad, for it was " righteous
indignation," but all the other things were
downright sins. It was not wrong for me to
scold the book-keeper, for it was only "right-
i eous indignation," ancl they should recognize
they had no right to make mistakes; besides if
'. I was a little rough, it was only a " way " I
j had got, anel I inherited that way from my
■ father, and he was not to blame either, for he
inherited it from Ms mother. I remember the
! dear good old lady now, as well as if it were
but yesterday. She was kind in her way, but
woe betide the son or daughter that did not
make their children mind ; and woe betide the
grandchild that betrayed, in her presence, any
of the sins that are so common all about us.
And the neighbors — had any one of them in
years gone by slipped and fallen step care-
fully. Novice ; that grandmother was carefully
conscientious, and her life was, in all proba-
bility, a far better record than yours. If you
inherited her unpleasant peculiarities, you in-
herited also her rigid and unswerving faith in
our Saviour ; and you are perhaps at this mo-
ment taking the credit all to yourself, that,
may be, belongs to the careful training given
her son, and so on, to you and your son.

But even granting that we do inherit these
besetting sins ; what then V Shall the brother
who drinks and beats his mother, tell her, in
his better moments, that she must expect such
things, and has no right, ideally, to blame him
under the circumstances ? And shall I tell my
hands that I am laboring under a violent tem-
per that sometimes gets possession of me, and
that if I should in moments of anger discharge
them, they had better come back again next
day, for I am not really to blame for it?

334

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

I suppose that many of you feel like saying
tills is all foollsliness ; and I confess it is just
about what I think of it. But what shall my
brother and I do? He can probably overcome
almost every other temptation, without very
much difficulty; and I have been enabled to so
far get past nearly all the other rocks and
breakers, that with Qod's help, I have almost
forgotten that they ever existed to trouble me.
There is one thing pretty certain; when I kneel
in prayer with him again, I can from the bot-
tom of my heart, ask God to help us both, for
we both feel that we are helpless.

Sometime, I hope to tell you something about
how I feel about prayer, and the way in which
it helps me in these difficult places ; but I can-
not do it now, farther than this one illustra-
tion. This matter was made one of special
prayer; and I told my Saviour that if it were
best that this temptation should not be re-
moved as others had been, I would try to do
the best I could ; and I asked to be shown
where the first of this evil came in, and more
of the mysteries of ray own heart. Very soon
it began to unfold itself, and to be made plain,
or at least plainer. My friend, if you are a
fault finder and a scold, and want to get over
it, you ha^'e very likely a pretty big job on
hand, and the mischief has doubtless a root
where von least expect it.

I should hardly wish to say that all who
fliid fault are covvardly, but I do feel that 7 a n
too cowardly, or perhaps too weak or feeble to
take up what I know to be my duty, when I
get into a scolding mood. Trials will come,
and difficult and hard things to do, must be
done, or we mu-it take the cooseqiiences. Be-
cause a neighbor, or bscause those about us
have bid and glaring faults, we must not take
it for granted tliey are all bad. To illustrate :
Many of you may have neighbors who will
borrow your tea, sugar, butter or soap, and
they will do it without any idea of ever paying
it back again. I was told by a woman thai
she had to stop Ijuying her soap by the bo.x,
just because her neighbors would find it out,
and borrow it incessantly without paying it
back a2;ain. Perhaps they, poor souls, took it
for granted she must have an abundance of
money, or she would not have such a supply
of every thing, and a bar of soap was such a
mere trifle, it did not seem a very great sin, if
they should not repay it. The question will
well up, " Cm they be Christians and do this?"
Well, I confess, I don't know, but I think it
will be safer for us to conclude they can, that
perhaps their mothers and grandmothers did
the same thing, and that it is not very much
worse than things we do. But hold on ! we
are not to drop the matter there, by any
means. It is right that you should buy your
soap by the box, and thus save much useless
running, besides the saving in money; and it
is wrung for you to encourage in your neigh-
bors, what you all know to be a kind of petty
thieving. A responsibilty rests on you, and
you have no right to evade it. Your husband
is perhaps struggling hard to get the where-
with to get a whole box of soap, and you have
no right to allow yourself to be robbed in this
wav.

You might remedy the matter by making
out u bill of the items of sugar, tea, coffee, eggs

and soap, and sending over, but I fear it woukJ
produce much the same effect as would telling
one of the boys on the street, while swearing,
that he was a low lived vagabond, and de-
served to have his mouth slapped every time
he uttered an oath. Your neighbor might stop
borrowing of you, but you would be bitter
enemies henceforth. More than that, it would
probably have very little eflfect in preventing
them froTJ doing the same thing elsewhere.
Now I will try to tell you where the courage
comes in, and where I am an arrant coward.
The work that God calls on me to do, and that
I hang back from, evade and shirk in every
possible way, is going to them in the spirit of
kindness, somewhat in this way,

" My friend, there is something I feel I ought
to say to you ; and yet I dislike to do it, you
know not how much. I do not wish to hurt
your feelings, or give you pain, and I do not
wish to find fault, bu;. 1 wish that we may re-
main friends. You have borrowed from me
for a long while, and for some reason unknown
to me, have not paid back what you have bor-
rowed. It seeras a small matter, but ray hus-
band and I have been obliged to closely econ-
omize. I have felt that I should feel better,
and thi^ it would be better all round, if I spoke
of this."

I need scarcely tell you what the result will
b3, for you all know that if you do this in the
true spirit of kindness and love, you have made
a true friend for life. It may be that your
friend will have to be lifted up again, but if
you do your part well and faithfully, you will
soon have her working with you, for the good
of others. After takino; up such a cross as
this, how one can almost hear that still small
voice saying " Well done, thou good and faith-
ful servant."

Now if we go ba?k still farther, we shall find
that the fault is a great part oars, that this
state of affairs existed. Long before your
neighbor made so free with your household
goods, you have parhaps in an unguarded mo-
ment of generosity, invited her to help herself,
and to be free to send for whatever she wished.
If you are prone to have cross sp^dls, beware
of getting too pleasant. Check both extremes,
to the extent of seeming cross and crabbed
when you do not feel so, if yon can do )io bet-
ter. Be careful and particular, and keep track
of ev;ry little item. Those who have taught a
village or country school, know well the result
of too much freedom with the scholars. Pre-
serve a proper and consistent dignity, and be-
ware how you invite freedom by telling any
body to go and help themselves, or to keep
their own accounts. Be pleasant and friendly
with those all about you, but beware how you
spend very much time in idle talk. I do verily
believe that idle talk and useless controversy
has, more than any other one thing, unfitted
me for grappling with the stern realities of
every day life, in a pleasant and cheerful man-
ner. I know I should be kind and friendly to
all about me, and I do know too, that this
kindness should be distributed in an even way.

It is often a positive unkindness to a person,
to bo too lenient, or perhaps I should say, too
easy or loose in business with him. The hands
in a manufactory, may get into a habit of
smashing the tools, and although it seems

1877

GLEANIJ^GS IN BEE CULTURE.

335

hard to make them pay for all such, it is really
a kind thinj; to do, for it very soon makes
tliem careful in a way that nothinfj else would.
Now, if I have omitted to do this jnst because
I was weak, smd hated to give pain, and then
got cross and scolded when I found everybody
was careless and heedless, I was simply suffer-
ing the consequences of my own slack and
cowardly way of doing things.

One can be pleasant by being loose and easy
about every thing, shifting all responsibility
to other people's shoulders, and not troubling
themselves about any thins. But are such
really ple:\sant people after all? I have seen
some who would reply with childish indiflfer-
euce and unconcern, when asked for money
they had faithfully promised by a certain time.
If you are going to try to do as you would be
done by, a heavy responsibility rests upon you,
that you cannot shake ofl"; and if you are do-
ing a business that requires the aid of many
Lands, a serious and sokmn responsibility rests
upon you, if you have a desire to do justice
to all. You are going to make your customers
"good" every time, if you succeed in business,
and unless your hands make you good in the
same way, you will fail pecuniarily. You are
obliged to insist on this; it may give pain, and
you may feel that you would rather lose the
money yourself, but it will be far kinder to
give the pain, and have it done with, than to
<lrop it because you are cowardly, and then
"growl" because everybody is robbing you.

Suppose you hang a basket out in the street,
containing 50 nice apples. Attach a card, ask-
ing every body who takes one, to leave a penny
iu its place. When the apples are gone, you
*' ought to have" 50 pennies in their stead. If
you do not ti;:d the exact amount, abuse every
body you meet. That is just about the way
1 do when I scold.

God has given us all a basket of apples to
take care of. Hf has promised if we are faith-
ful w ilh a few, lie will give us more ; and I tell
you my friends never was a premise given,
that was more faithfully fulfilled. We are not
to go ofl" and let. everybcdy make free with our
apples as they choose, ror are v,e to go for
everybody with a "pitchfork" who, human
like, forgets to leave the penny ; but we are to
be faithful. We are to recognize that it is hu-
man '.o Ijc selfish — especially when we are tired
and thirsty — and that we therefore should
<lea! gently with the erring. While we must
be firm with those who want to get away with-
out paying the penny, it is just as much a duty
to be kind. May God give us all, that golden
mean. May He show us how to be wise as
serpents, yet harmless as doves.

This is the last number of the year dear
friends, and I can but feel that I have taken
care of my basket of apples but poorly. You
have handed in your pennies very liberally,
but many times the apples were not as fair as
they might have been; I fear I have underta-
ken the care of almost too many, a part of the
time. I do desire to please you, and to have
them all fair and free from dust and specks,
but " O dear me!" what a task it is to have
every thing just as you feel it or.ght to be. A
part of this very Journal, the last of the year,
is very badly printed. We tried every way we
could, but it was a damp rainy time, and we

could not make " it" print any l)ett(r. If it is
God's will, I will try to be satisfied with a
smaller l)asket. Before we can be made " ruler
over many " we must learn to be " faithful over
a few." May that kind Father forgive t/« all, as
ine hope to be forgiven.

ONONDAGA COUNTY HONEY.

^E clip the following from the Syracuse

Journal :

At thfi rerent Nationpl Bee-kfepers' Association
Convention held In New Yorlc city, MtssrH. Tliurber
& Co. ofl'ertii a gold medal vatiitd at ^50 lor ilic I'fst
honey, in the mos^t niarketabie thape. As tbl3 ofl'er
was the lirst ol the kir.il ever made ly 8»ich ar. afsoci-
ation, the ilisplavs of Loriey vicro spli^ndid. Tliomas
G. NewnKin. editor ol the American Bee Journal, A.
J. King, editrir ol the BeeKeej^ers'' Magazine, frj<i Mr.
Fieicher, of Now York city, were ai jxintcd judges.
Alter ;'. carcliil examination of the numerous san^iiles
exhibited, tlie medal was awarded to Mr. G. M. Doo-
little, ot'Boicflino, in this C' unty. thus paying that
Onondaga county iiroduccs the finest honey ot any
countv in the United Slates.

Speaking of Mr. Doolittlu's honey, the Kew York
Times sayi- :— "Mr. Doolittle's honey is m^de irom
teasel blotsoms ard brings four cents more per pound
than any ether honey in the r^arket."

Mr. Duolittle took to New Yoik city nearly twenty
thousand pounds of hontv this season, which lie sold
at 20 cts. per i^ound to H. K. & F. B. Thurber & Co., of
that place. The above twenty thousand pounds was
pronounced the best lot of'honty that was ever
brought, into New York city.

The meilal awarded to Mr. Doolittle is valuable and
elegant and well-deserved.

ABOUT HIVES.

E fee that some of your correspondents seem
think that large yields of hcney are owing

rely to the style of hive used. Tliisisnot

the case ; and in order that the readers of Gleanings
should not get the idea that the hivrs u.'ed 1 y us
would give (hem tiiousands of lbs. of hcney, without
work, we bave prill, in concluf ion of our itpoit. that
if any ore could not spend ihe time on bees which
thev lequireil. they had bitter keep <int of the busi-
Dcs-s. We l.nov.- of no hive with \- hich a man can se-
cure larec results, by timply loldirg hi? hands and
letting ;lie bccG work. We work licm eaily dawn till
latent night, averaging rbeut 15 bonis v(,rk each
dav, Sunc;a\s excepted, arcl our crly ! usinef s is keep-
ing bees. Wc with it undcrFtecd thft large yields of
honey can only be secuicd where there are large num-
bers of Ijces in a hive; Mid teeuiirg said bees in lime
for the hotiey harvest, is all the sco et ot our success.
That more bees can be oblair.td by the use of the Gal-
lup frame than any other, is cnly ene of cur preler-
ences; and we must be excused lor prelenirg said
frame in tins iccality. We hfve done nearly as well
with the L. frame, and r.s we have said before, in
Gleam? GS, if we hed 20 swarms of bees in any kind
of simple movable frame hive, v,e weu'd not change
to trv anv other. The reason of cur writing as we
have' about the hive we use. was that Novice has
claimed a superiority for the L. Iramc, over any oth-
er, and this we are unwlllirg to admit. Neither have
we written as wc have, hopinf, to sell hives, for we
can make no such wrge.s raarnficlujing hive s, as we
can at work amcrg cur bees. We only advertised our
hives in Gleamngs to stop the voluminous corres-
pondence brought to bef r on us aboxit hives. That
we have any better Iccalitv Irr bees than the majority
of apiarists, we think a mistake; fcr there are many
places, even in this county, which we jjreler to our
own, and cnly consented to settle down where we are,
on account of our aged father art! mother. Thus the
readeis of Gleaivings will sec that it is not the hive
we use, nor Ihe Iccality, that prodttces these large
yields ot honey, Vut a thorough knowledge of the In-
side of a bee hive at all times, and En untiring energy
in the prosecution of cur business. In short, as we
have said" before, in Gleanings, "Do things at the
right time, and in the right place, and leave no stone
unturned that will prc(htce a single ounce more of
honey." G. M. Dooliitle.

Borodinc, N. Y., Kcv. 13th, 1877.

336

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

Dec.

HONEY DEW, H«NEY FKOM COTTON,
TRANSFERRING, &c.

r» TRANSFERRED my colony to the Simplicity hive,
« I purchased an Italian queen ot Nellis, and succes-
iki fully introduced her. They gave me no swarms
and no surplus honcv last year. This spring, I pro-
cured another black colony, reared a pure queen
which was, in due time, purely impregnated. From
these two colonies I liave increased my stock to six,
and have taken lO'i lbs, of extracted honey. Three ot
my queens are purely impregnated, two produce evi-
dent hvDTid workers, and ol a third I am in doubt.
Aner.t this colony; I note that the larger proportion of
the workers are \^e\\ marked; of the rest, most have
the downy bands, hut are destitute of the bright yel-
low zone, around the anterior part of the abdomen.
Are they hybrids? TYes]

From the middle of April to the early days of June
the leaves of our forest trees were loaded with honey
dew. which gave abundant supplies to the bees. The
honey therefrom is dark colored, but pleasant to the
palate. The most beautiful honey in this section, is
gathered from the cotton blossoms; and it is as sweet
to the taste as it is pleasant to the eye. Our fall crop
of honey forsge is very abundant. I send you, en-
closf d, a specimen of a weed which grows by the acre
in this region, and is verv rich in the eaccharine. It
commences blooming in the early part of Augusi, and
lasts till irost. Will you kindly give your reaueis its
botanical name ? lEupatwium Ageratoides.']

I have tried the comb fdn. an'i have found it to be a
complete success, both for brood and for surplus hoi> -
ey. I have discarded gloves, but I, nevertheless, with
due deference to your good self, think thty perve a
valuable purpose in giving the necessary contidence
to a beginner. The veil, I have never acquire d the
necessary fortitude to throw aside. I use the Quinby
smoker, and like it. In transferring, I have found an
excellent way to attach the combs to the frames, is to
sew them in by an overstitch, with a common baling
needle, threaded with darning cotton. The bees will
Boon complete the attachment and remove the thread.

I regard over-swarming as the great difficulty to be
contended with in the South, as wintering is with
yon. My own iittlc apiary is just recovering Irom an
attack of the swarming lever. Two colonies bade me
along farewell, al)out a week ago. I finally checked
their vagrant instincts by the transposition of colo-
nics with each other. M. W. Chapman.

Mayhew Station, Miss., Sept. 10th, '77.

$<k^ and imm§.

How many lbs. of extracted honey make a gallon':'

Henet Kellee.

Wrightsville, Pa., Nov. 10th, 1877.

[About 11, usually. Very thin honey may not weigh
over 10, and extra thick, sometimes comes up to nearly l2.
If it does not weigh more than 10, there is some danger of
its souring.]

The past season was not a good one, with us. I got
nearly 2,000 lbs, of honey, about one third in section
boxes, the remainder extracted. Two hives gave me over
100 lbs. each in section boxes, and it was the nicest honey
1 have ever seen. I gave the fdn. a good trial, and I don't
see how I can keep bees successfully without it "'any
more." AiFEED McMains.

Chariton, la., Nov. 5th, 1877.

The following was clipped from the Utica Weekly
Observer.

LARGE TIELD OF HONEY.

The report of the yield of honey the present sea-
son from the apiary of Capt. Ileiherington, ot Cherry
Valley, almost exceeds belief. It is reported that he
has 3,000 colonies of bees, and that they have averaged
Jrom 15 to 50 lbs. each, making a grand total of from
135,000 to 150,000 lbs. of Jioney, as the crop for one sea-
son. At 22 cts. per lb., an income of §28,000 to §33,000
will be realized therefrom. To us these statements
seem extravagant. This large crop, it is said, has
been sold to one house in New York.

Fifty lbs. per colony may seem extravagant to the
Observer lolks, but it is not very to our readers, al-
though there are perhaps very few among us who
could take charge of 3,000 and do even so well as that.

A word here on the question of comb filn. I am
more than pleased with it, especially when used in
the brood chamber. I prefer it to frames of comb that
have been kept over one season. The bees preier
building out the cells to cleansing old comb, and in
the working season, it aflfords them just enough comb
building to keep them prosperous. I propose, next
season, to gradually substitute Idn. for all, except the
very best of the Irames of comb In my hives, and, by
this means, to avoid raising so many drones.

I have been using the suspended Quinby frame until
the last season, when I substituted the L... irame lor
it, and am now satisfied. Am now j>reraring my bt es
Jor winter by surrounding them with chaflf cuthiont;
last winter I packed the entire hive in chaff, losing
but one hive, and that proved to be queenless.

Wm. M. Cake.

Fostoria, Ohio. Oct. 23d, 1877.

NOT A BLASTED "HOPER."

The last you heard from me was for placing me under
"Blasted Hopes" in the April No. of Gleanings. This
time, it is to let you know that we are still in the bee
business. We started last spring with about 80 stands,
some of which were taken on shares and others rented,
paying 10 lbs. of honey per year for the use of a hive, as
long as we keep it. We have, at present, 100 stands. We
have taken 2.777 lbs. of honey, 246 lbs. of which was ex-
tracted, and the rest comb honey. Our comb honey is all
on fdn. of our own manufacture ; have used about 75 lbs.
of wax for that purpose. Our surphis has all been taken
without going into the body of more than a dozen hives.
Take 13 of your best filled L. frames and place them in
one hive, then lift at it and you will have some idea of
what some cf our hives are; you \iill find it is "fast sorne-
where at the bottom." 1 never saw cur bees go into win-
ter quarters stronger than they are this fall, and if they

die this winter, wel! they will just have to die.

Chas. W. Laffeett.

Martinsville, Ills., Nov. 12th, 1877.

TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS AND ■ .

1 let the first queen sent, out of the cage after 36
hours, and the bees said "ztep !" "zeep!" and gath-
ered in a knot around htr. I lilted out the Irame and
lidding it in one hand, 1 picked off the v>liole knot in
the other, but while trying to separate the bees frcm
the queen, they all dropped on the ground, and that
was the last I ever saw of that quten, tboiifih 1 looLed
th6 ground over for a long time, and so did the bees
that dropped with her. A fe^/ days alter, I attempted
to look the hive over, but was driven away, it Leing
about the close of the honey yield. A few days alter
that, I give them a good smoking aLd looked every
Irame over. I did not see the queen but found both
larva? and eggs. I closed the hive and waited results.
I put on 2 boxes with glass ends and 21 days after I let
the queen loose I began to waich lor young bees in the
boxeb ; for 6 days, I watched hours each day seeing no
Italians, and Lad come to the conclusion that the
queen did not get back into the hive, but that there
was a native queen other than the one I destroyed.
But on the '2Slh day, when I was not h oldrg lor them,
out came a lot ot yoimg Italians lot a "fly," and 1 was
as tickled .IS a boy with a new tcp, lor after all my
blunders the had got into the hive and the bees had
accepted her. II. Scran ton.

Plummer's Landing, Ky., Aug. 10th, '77.

OBITUARY.

ST is with sad feeling, that I write to inform you of the
fate of one of your subscribers. John Van Liew, aged
, about tiO years, and a practical bee keeper, was found

about }i mile (in a wood) from home, on Sunday morn-
ing, witii the contents of a double barreled shot gun in
his breast, and his skull knocked in with the but of the
gun. He was returning from town, on foot, to his home,
and several persons heard the two reports of the gun about
10 o'clock, Saturday night. No one is suspected, and no
reason is assigned for the act, at present.

H. H. Brown.
Light Street, Pa., Sept. 10th, 1877.
Friend V., has long been one of our subscrib-
ers, and it is with much pain we read the
facts given above. Not only for bis untimely
fate, but that such things do occur, now and
then, among a civilized and enlightened people.
Are we not in great need of more Christianity
and civilization V "Well may we hesitate and
ponder.

1877.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

237

GLEASiNGS m BEE CULTURE.

Published monthly.

-A.. I. ItOOT.
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR

MEDINA, OHIO

Terms: sSl.OO Per A.imxini.

[Including Postape.]
For Club Rates see First Page.

IvTEIDIlSr-A., JDEC- 1, 187"r.

Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel
of the unororJly. nor standeth in the way of sinners,
■nor sitteth inthe seat of the scornful: But his de-
lig-ht is in the law of the Lord ; and in his law doth
lie meditate day and nig-ht. And he shall be like a
tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth
forth his finiit in his season ; his leaf also shall not
ivithcr : and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper.

Psalm, 1 ;1, 3. 3d.. _

There isn't a doubt of it my friends ; whatever we
do will prosper, whether it is bee-keeping-, farming-,
manufacturing or anji:hing else, if we only do it -with
our hearts tilled with a spirit of obedience to the
commands God has given us, and that broad love and
charity toward all around us, that follows as a nat-
ural consequence.

"OrB Folks" have succeeded in making some
very nice gingerbread with the 3'i cent grape sugar.

Next month we shall commence printing Glean-
ings with an outfit of " bran new " type throughout,
Are't you glad ?

OCR turnip patch, menlioned on page 332 has given
us a tine " mess of greens," already. Of course we
cannot tell about the pollen yet, but they are excel-
lent for greens, anyway.

Remember that the §30, 00 fdn. macliine is to be
*35.00 after Jan. lit. If you wish to save the S5.00,
j'ou must have the money in our hands before the
year is out. I dislike to advance the price of any-
thing, but we very soon disco verd after lixing the
price at $30., that it would hardly pay expenses, ^^ith
the extra nice work we put on the machines.

Now we cannot very well send jou one of the
steam engines for hive making, as a premium for re-
newing before Jan. 1st, because we couldn't get it
into the post office, and besides, you might take the
Journal for the sake of the engine, and not for its
own intrinsic value. If you subscribe for Glean-
ings, I v>-i?h you to do it for its sake alone, just as
,vou would buy a spelling book— because you wanted
oue. It would be quite convenient for us to have
your name before our list is taken down, for there
would then be no danger of mistakes in setting it up
again, but I think on the whole I will let you do just
as you please about it. If I should buj- anj-thing of
,vou, I should buy just what I wanted, and when I
wanted, and therefoi-t; I think you should have the
same privilege.

To tell the whole truth, I feel a little guilty about
that article on pollen, and will try to own up to all I
have "stolen.''' The grains of pollen, were copied
from "Carpenter on the Microscope." Had it been
possible to find the pollen wanted at this season, I
should have taken it from nature. The tongue of a
bee, I copied from Prof. Cook, and Carpenter, but

before so doing, I examined a tongue from a living-
bee, while sipping honey, and made some alterations
and additions of my own. The curious machine on
the fore leg of the bee, was discovered about a year
ago, by Miss A., (one of our clerks) but I was not
satisfied of its office, until the British Bee Journal
dropped a hint in their Nov., No. of its being use^l to
clean the pollen from the tongue. Some bees were
procured, and set to work, and I soon discovered
what I have told you. Now how shall I do justice to
all ? If I take the space to credit every body as I go
along, in the A B C, it will almost double its size.

The addition of flour to the candy, is a very im-
liortant item indeed, for the queen cages, as well as
the candy L. blabs. A colony in one ot our clialT liives
is now hatching out dowuy young Italians by the
thousand, and the quee:i is going round filling the
combs with eggs, as if it were June ; and this has all
been brought about by a single Irame of candy con-
taining the flour. The queen was liatched out about
Oct. 1st, commenced laying on the 12th, and it is now
the I3th of Nov. Of course this could only be done
with the aid oi the chaff hives.

H. IvKUPi', of Warren, Pa., reports a queen that laid
eggs which hatched into larviB all right, but none of
the larvaj ever became so large as to be sealed over.
It is quite common to have queens that will not lay at
all, and a few have been reported as laying eggs
which never hatched ; but we never before heard ot a
case like the above. I presume tbe larva; must have
been removed by the bees just belore it was ready to
seal over; but whether it died or not. we are unable
to say, as our friend declares he found plenty ot un-
sealed larvas for several weeks, but never any sealed
brood.

OUK report.
OUK apiary numbered May Ut, about 75 colonies.
We have sold bees, honey and queens, to the amount
of about Sl.OOO as near as we can get at it. Have paid
out for labor in the apiary, peihaps SlOO. On account
of the dry weather, the i^enboii l,as not been an aver-
age one, but the net yield ptr colony, Sr2, is peihaps
about as well as we aveiagc. At the price we are re-
ceiving for our honey in section boxes, it would
doubtless have prid better to bave raised honey ex-
clusively. Several timpf, we took tested queens from
full stocks at work in the sections, and the result was
invariably, a loss of honey t-mouiairg to mich nioie
than the value of the queen. Notv.ithstaudinp these
drawbacks, I think it well tor all bee-keepers to pre-
pare themselves to sell both bees, queens and honey,
to all who may want them, as a general thing. We
shall go into winter with about 75 strong colonic s, 1 c-
sides a few more that we bave rrservtd i r e.\)'<ri-
raenting on chaff cushions, trajjc tugar, flcur cfciidj,
virgin qneens, &c.

OUR LAST IMPORTATION.

Well, our queens came along a little quicker this
last tinle. Our order was sent Tremontani Sep. 28th,
and 12 boxes of queens were received Nov. 1.5th.
Three were found dead, and a fourth was lost intro-
ducing. So I have lost one imported queen. She
was stung by a bee that got into the cage by mistake,
when I wasrccaging hor. All required caging more
than 48 hoiu-s, except two, and one has lieen caged
over a week. The balance of the invoice will be sent
early in the spring.

Now perhaps I am in danger of praising imported
queens too much, since I keep them for sale, and I
^\ill therefore try to give an unbiased report. These
were very dark ; se\-eral were small and inferior
looking, "and many of the boxes were peopled
with large and more active moth womis than any
we havein this country ; at least, in our apiary, and
I saw two bees having the Braul.n ,or Italian bee
louse on their backs. I do not fear these parasites
any more than I do tlie moth, for I think plenty of
bees in the boxes would have routed both. Friend
T., doubtless feared starving the little fellows ;
ho has shii)iied them pretty suocessfully. The <iuecns
were all stout and active, and will doubtless improve
mucli in appearance by spring. See Tremontani's
a<lvortisemcnt.

23?

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE.

In ordering be sure to qive outside dimi.nsions of frame, and length of top bar.

o sr.3

-A.j3^VEI?,TISEI^rEISrTS-

Aivertlseniints will bereceived nt the rate of '20
cent>5 pfr line. Nonpareil space, each insertion, cash
In a»lvance: ami we .equire that every Ailrertiser sat-
isQes us of responsibility and intention to do all that
he agrees, and that his "goods are really 'worth the
price asked for them.

FE££!FE1E!FREE!

We will send a snmnle copy of the Bee-Keeper's
Masrazine, post-paid, to ativ person in any way inter-
ested 111 Bees or their Products, or in the apparatus
so successlully used in modem manasemfnt. Just send
your name and address to A. J. K.ING &'CO.,
8tf 61 Hudson St., Xevv York.

CASH FOR BEES-WAX.

We are paying 29 cents per pound for yellow bees-
wax, in lots of from 50 to 5,000 or more pounds, deliv-
ered at Syracuse, or 30 cents, if exchanged for white
wax. If you have any wax on hand, and can deliver
It at the above price, please do so, and we will send
you our check on i-cceipt of the same.

ECKERMAN & WILL.
S-7 Wax-bleachers, Syracuse, X. Y.

For prices and particulars concerning

b

See advertisement in Oct. Gleanings. A new circular
of Bee Hives and their fixtures will be issued in about 4
weeks.

My circul.Tr of about .300 leadincr Periodicals at clttb
PRICES, ready I>jc. 1st. Send for it and save money.
Aeents wanted. J. H. NELLIS,

lltf Canajoharie, N. Y.

Names of responsible parties will be inserted in
either ol the following departments, at a uniform price
of '20c each insertion, or $2.00 per year.

Karnes inserted in this department the first time witk-
ouf charge. After, 20c. each insertion, or $2^0 per year.

Those whose names appear below, agree to furnish
Italian Queens the coming season for $1.00 each, under
the following conditions : No guarantee is to be as-
sumed of purity, safe delivery, or anything of the
kind, onlj- that the queen be reared from a choice, pure
mother, and had commenced to lay when they were
shipped. They also agree to return the money at any
time when customers become impatient of such delay
as may be unavoidable.

Bear in mind that he who sends the best queens, put
up neatest and most securely, will probably receive
the most orders. Special rates for warranted and
tested queens, furnished on application to any of the
parties. Names with *, use an Imported queen moth-
er. If wanted by mail, send 10c. extra.
*Wm. W. Carv. Colerain, Franklin Co., Mass. 3-3

*J. Oatman A Co., Dundee, 111. 1-12

*E. W. Hale, Wirt, C. H., West Va. 6-fJ

*J. M. C. Taylor, Lewiston, Fred. Co., Md. 1-12

•Dr. J. P. H. Brown. Augusta, Ga. 1-12

♦Albert Potter, Eureka, Wis. 1-13

*Wni. J. Andrews, Columbia, Tenn. 2-2

Miss A. Davis, Holt, Ingham Co., Mich, 5-4

D. A. Pike, Smithsburg, Wash. Co., Md. 5-6

*E. C. Blakealee, Medina, Ohio. 6tfd

*A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.

*H. H. Brown, Light Street, Columbia Co., Pa. 7-6

*J. Shiiw & Son, Chatham Center, Medina Co., O. 8tfd

Hi"ve> 3£anTifaotvirers.

Who agree to make such hives, and at the prices
named, as those described on our circular.
A. I. Root, Medina. Ohio.

M. S. West. Pontiac. Mich. 6-5

Geo. W. Simmons, Newark, Del. 1-12

Isaac L. Parker, McMiimville, Warren Co., Tenn. 3-2

EVEE7 BEE-EEEPEE SHOULD BEAD THE

_.._ -An elegant 3S pace Mnnthlv dpvMeii to ^2

SCIENTIFIC AND PSACTICAL BEE-EEEPma, ^

Ihemrist succes'iful anil exporienced Hee-Mnstcrs in America go

aio it^; rcsularcorres|iondeius. It is the Olpest, Larokst :iud k^

T\^<F,?J B E E P A P E R I N T H E W O R L D : o

TJi" '"'LI.AI:s A \i:a1:. Siuvimen Copv lOcts. A.I.'.tlss Ol

Tnos. 0. ITewaan ft Sea, 97i V7. Madis:n St. Chicago. F*"

SQUARE HONEY JARS.

One pound square honey jars, per gross 85 00

Two •• " " " " " 7 OO

Corks, Caps, Labels, &c., at reasonable rates.
For further particulars address,
12 CHAS. F. MUTH, Cincinnati, O.

50"FKBEN5>S! If you arc in any war interested in

THE ik B C OF Bl^ia CITLTUB.!!,

Just Published, will tell vou all about the hilest impi-ove-
ments in securin;,' and ITIarketiiij;*' Honey, the new
1 lb. S««-«£oM Money Boxes, All about makinu; Ar»
titicsiil Money Conit>, Ciandy lor Bees, Bee
Miiiitgii^-, Artitieial Swariniaiq-, Bee Motls,
^c. -SothJiii/ jintcnted. Part First, fully illustrated with
costly Engravintis, mailed for ^Sc. A. 1. ROOT, Medina, O.